document_title: List of Super Bowl records

question_text: what nfl player has played in the most super bowls

question_tokens: what nfl player has played in the most super bowls

text: List of Super Bowl records

text: Individual player records[edit]

text:
A complete list of Super Bowl records can be found in the 2017 Official NFL Record & Fact Book[1] beginning at page 654.
Records can also be found at Pro Football Reference.com.[2]

text: Service[edit]

text: Most Super Bowl MVP awards, career, 4

text: Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XLIX, LI

text: Most games, winning team, 5

text:
Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, LI
Charles Haley – defensive end/linebacker, San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, XXX

text: Most games, losing team, 5

text:
Glenn Parker – offensive line, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, N.Y. Giants XXXV [3]
Cornelius Bennett – linebacker, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, Atlanta XXXIII
Gale Gilbert – quarterback, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, San Diego XXIX

text: Most consecutive championships as a player, 3

text: Ken Norton Jr. – Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, San Francisco XXIX

text: Back to back championships with different teams[4]

text:
Ken Norton Jr., Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, San Francisco XXIX
Deion Sanders, XXIX with the 49ers and XXX with the Cowboys
Brandon Browner, XLVIII, with the Seahawks and XLIX with the Patriots
Chris Long, LI with the Patriots and LII with the Eagles
LeGarrette Blount, LI with the Patriots and LII with the Eagles

text: Win a Super Bowl with one team and then defeat that same team in the Super Bowl the following season[4]

text:
Brandon Browner, XLVIII, Seahawks and XLIX, Patriots
Chris Long, LI, Patriots and LII, Eagles
LeGarrette Blount, LI, Patriots and LII, Eagles

text: Longest time span between Super Bowl championships as a player, 12 seasons

text: Ray Lewis – Baltimore Ravens XXXV, Baltimore Ravens XLVII

text: Most appearances as either a player or coach, 11

text: Bill Belichick – assistant coach New York XXI, XXV, New England XXXI, head coach New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most games played, 8

text: Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most games started, 8

text: Most consecutive appearances, 5

text: Gale Gilbert – quarterback, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, San Diego XXIX

text: Most starts at quarterback, 8

text: Most wins as starting quarterback, 5

text: Tom Brady – New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, LI

text: Wins as starting quarterback for two different teams

text: Peyton Manning – Indianapolis XLI, Denver 50 [5]

text: Most games as a kicker, 5

text:
Adam Vinatieri – New England XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI
Stephen Gostkowski – New England XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most wins as a kicker, 4

text: Adam Vinatieri – New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI

text: Oldest player, 42 years and 11 days

text: Matt Stover, kicker – Indianapolis XLIV

text: Youngest player to start, 21 years and 322 days

text: Bryan Bulaga, offensive lineman – Green Bay XLV

text: Quarterbacks to both throw and catch a touchdown pass

text: Nick Foles - Philadelphia LII[6]

text: Oldest quarterback to win, 39 years and 320 days

text: Peyton Manning – Denver 50[7]

text: Oldest quarterback to start, 40 years and 185 days

text: Tom Brady - New England LII

text: Youngest quarterback to start and to win, 23 years and 340 days

text: Ben Roethlisberger – Pittsburgh XL

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Most points scored, career, 48

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX, and Oakland XXXVII

text: Most points scored, single game, 20

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI - 3 TD, 1 (2-point) conversion

text: Longest scoring play, 108 yard kickoff return

text: Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[8]

text: Most Touchdowns, plays of 50-or-more yards, game, 2

text:
Ricky Sanders – Washington vs. Denver, XXII[9]
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[8]

text: Touchdowns[edit]

text: 00 In this category R = rushing touchdown (TD); P = pass reception TD; KR = kickoff return TD

text: Most touchdowns, career, 8

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX, and Oakland XXXVII (8-P)

text: Most touchdowns, single game, 3 (accomplished six times by five players)

text:
Roger Craig – San Francisco vs. Miami, XIX (1-R, 2-P)
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV (3-P)
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX (3-P)
Ricky Watters – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX (1-R, 2-P)
Terrell Davis – Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII (3-R)
James White- New England vs. Atlanta, LI (2-R, 1-P)

text: Most touchdowns, plays of 50-or-more yards, game, 2[8]

text:
Ricky Sanders – Washington, XXII (2-P)
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens, XLVII (1-P, 1-KR)

text: Touchdowns scored for two different teams, 3 players

text:
Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, Oakland XXXVII
Ricky Proehl – St. Louis Rams XXXVI, Carolina XXXVIII
Muhsin Muhammad – Carolina XXXVIII, Chicago XLI

text: Longest play, 108 yards

text: Jacoby Jones – KR, Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[10]

text: Passing[edit]

text: Highest passer rating, career, (40 attempts), 127.83

text: Joe Montana – 4 games, San Francisco XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV

text: Highest passer rating, game, 150.92

text: Phil Simms – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

text: Lowest passer rating to win game, 22.6

text: Ben Roethlisberger – Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

text: Most attempts, career, 357

text: Tom Brady – 8 games, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most attempts, game, 62

text: Tom Brady – New England vs Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest attempts by winning QB, game, 7

text: Bob Griese – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Most completions, career, 235

text: Most completions to start a game, 9

text: Eli Manning – New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI

text: Most consecutive completions, game, 16

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI

text: Most completions, game, 43

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most completions, both quarterbacks, 63[11]

text: Drew Brees – New Orleans (32) vs. Peyton Manning Indianapolis (31), XLIV

text: Fewest completions by winning QB, game, 6

text: Bob Griese – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Highest completion percentage, career, (40 attempts), 70%

text: Troy Aikman – Dallas, 3 games (80–56) XXVII, XXVIII, XXX

text: Highest completion percentage, game, (20 attempts), 88%

text: Phil Simms – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI (25–22)

text: Highest completion percentage, both teams, 75% (84–63)[11]

text: Drew Brees, New Orleans vs. Peyton Manning, Indianapolis XLIV

text: Most passing yards, career, 2,576

text: Most passing yards, game, 505

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Most passing yards, quarter, 228 (second)

text: Doug Williams – Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Longest pass, 85 yards (TD)

text: Jake Delhomme (to Muhsin Muhammad) – Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII

text: Fewest passing yards by a Super Bowl MVP, 119

text: Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Miami, VI

text: Highest average gain, career (40 attempts), 11.10 yards

text: Terry Bradshaw – Pittsburgh, 4 games (84–932), IX, X, XIII, XIV

text: Highest average gain, game (20 attempts), 14.71 yards

text: Terry Bradshaw – Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV (21–309)

text: Most touchdown passes, career, 18

text: Most touchdown passes, half, 4

text:
Doug Williams, first half – Washington vs. Denver, XXII
Steve Young, first half – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Most touchdown passes, quarter, 4 (second)

text: Most touchdown passes, game, 6

text: Steve Young - San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Lowest percentage, passes had intercepted, career, (40 attempts), 0.00%

text:
Jim Plunkett, Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders, 2 games (46–0), XV, XVIII
Joe Montana, San Francisco, 4 games (122–0), XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV

text: Most attempts, without interception, game, 48

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. New York Giants, XLII, New England vs. Philadelphia Eagles, LII

text: Most interceptions thrown, career, 8

text: John Elway – Denver 5 games XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXXII, XXXIII

text: Most interceptions thrown, game, 5

text: Rich Gannon – Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Rushing[edit]

text: Most attempts, career, 101

text: Franco Harris – Pittsburgh IX, X, XIII, and XIV

text: Most attempts, game, 38

text: John Riggins – Washington vs. Miami, XVII

text: Most rushing yards, career, 354

text: Most rushing yards, game, 204

text: Timmy Smith – Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Longest run from scrimmage, 75 yards (TD)

text: Willie Parker – Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

text: Most rushing touchdowns, career, 5

text: Emmitt Smith – Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, and XXX

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 3

text: Terrell Davis – Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII

text: Highest average gain, career (20 attempts), 9.6 yards

text: Marcus Allen – Los Angeles Raiders, 1 game (20–191) XVIII

text: Highest average gain, game (10 attempts), 10.5 yards

text: Tom Matte – Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III (11–116)

text: Longest Touchdown Run, Quarterback, 15 yards

text: Colin Kaepernick – San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII[8]

text: Most rushing yards, game, Quarterback, 64 yards

text: Steve McNair – Tennessee vs. St. Louis, XXXIV

text: Receiving[edit]

text: Most receptions, career, 33

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX; Oakland XXXVII

text: Most receptions, game, 14

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most receiving yards, career, 589

text: Most receiving yards, game, 215[1]

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XXIII

text: Most receiving yards, game, tight end, 116

text: Rob Gronkowski – New England vs. Philadelphia, LII [12]

text: Most receiving yards, game, running back, 110

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI [13]

text: Longest reception, 85 yards (TD)

text: Muhsin Muhammad – (from Delhomme), Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII (TD)

text: Highest average gain, career (8 receptions), 24.4 yards

text: John Stallworth – Pittsburgh, 4 games (11–268)

text: Highest average gain, game (3 receptions), 40.33 yards

text: John Stallworth – Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV (3–121)

text: Most receiving touchdowns, career, 8

text: Most receiving touchdowns, game, 3

text:
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Most receiving touchdowns, game, Quarterback, 1

text: Nick Foles – New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Combined yardage[edit]

text: This category includes rushing, receiving, interception returns, punt returns, kickoff returns, and fumble returns.[14]

text: Most Attempts, career, 108

text: Franco Harris – Pittsburgh 4 games IX, X, XIII, XIV

text: Most Attempts, game, 39

text: Most yards gained, career, 604

text: Jerry Rice – 4 games San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX; Oakland XXXVII

text: Most yards gained, game, 290

text: Fumbles[edit]

text: Most fumbles, career, 5

text: Roger Staubach – Dallas 4 games VI, X, XII, XIII

text: Most fumbles, game, 3

text:
Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
Jim Kelly – Buffalo vs. Washington, XXVI
Frank Reich – Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles recovered, career, 2

text:
Jake Scott, Miami, 3 games (1 own, 1 opponent)
Fran Tarkenton, Minnesota, 3 games (2 own)
Franco Harris, Pittsburgh, 4 games (2 own)
Roger Staubach, Dallas, 4 games (2 own)
Bobby Walden, Pittsburgh, 2 games (2 own)
John Fitzgerald, Dallas, 4 games (2 own)
Randy Hughes, Dallas, 3 games (2 opponent)
Butch Johnson, Dallas, 2 games (2 own)
Mike Singletary, Chicago, 1 game (2 opponent)
John Elway, Denver, 5 games (2 own)
Jimmie Jones, Dallas, 2 games (2 opponent)
Kenneth Davis, Buffalo, 4 games (2 own)
Kurt Warner, St. Louis Rams – Arizona, 3 games (2 own)
Danny Trevathan, Denver, 2 games (1 own, 1 opponent)

text: Most fumbles recovered, game, 2

text:
Jake Scott – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII (1 own, 1 opponent)
Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X (2 own)
Randy Hughes – Dallas vs. Denver, XII (2 opponent)
Butch Johnson – Dallas vs. Denver, XII (2 own)
Mike Singletary – Chicago vs. New England, XX (2 opponent)
Jimmie Jones – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (2 opponent)
Danny Trevathan – Denver vs. Carolina, 50 (1 own, 1 opponent)

text: Most fumble return yards, game, 64 yards

text: Leon Lett – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Longest fumble return, 64 yards

text: Leon Lett – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Longest fumble return for touchdown, 49 yards

text: Mike Bass – Washington vs. Miami, VII

text: Most fumble returns for touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Mike Bass – Washington vs. Miami, VII (opponent 49 yards)
Mike Hegman – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XIII (opponent 37 yards)
Jimmie Jones – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (opponent 2 yards)
Ken Norton, Jr. – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (opponent 9 yards)
James Washington – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVIII (opponent 46 yards)
Malik Jackson – Denver vs. Carolina, 50 (opponent end zone)

text: Defense[edit]

text: Most interceptions, career, 3

text:
Chuck Howley – Dallas 2 games, V, VI
Rod Martin – Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders 2 games XV, XVIII
Larry Brown – Dallas 3 games XXVII, XXVIII, XXX

text: Most interceptions, game, 3

text: Rod Martin – Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV

text: Most interception yards gained, career, 108

text: Darrien Gordon – 4 games San Diego XXIX, Denver XXXII, XXXIII, Oakland XXXVII

text: Most interception yards gained, game, 108

text: Darrien Gordon – Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII

text: Longest interception return, 100 yards, TD

text: James Harrison – Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII

text: Most interceptions returned for a touchdown, game, 2

text: Dwight Smith – Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most tackles, game, 13

text:
Gary Brackett – Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV [15]
Keanu Neal – Atlanta vs. New England [15]

text: Most tackles, career, 22

text: Bobby Wagner – Linebacker Seattle 2 games XLVIII, XLIX

text: Most tackles plus assists, game, 18 (11 tackles, 7 assists)

text: Dan Morgan – Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII

text: Most sacks, career, 5

text: L. C. Greenwood – 4 games Pittsburgh IX, X, XIII, XIV [16][17]

text: Most sacks, game, 4

text: L. C. Greenwood – Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X [17]

text: Most safeties, game, 1

text:
Dwight White – Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX (Was first score of game)
Henry Waechter – Chicago vs. New England, XX
George Martin – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI
Bruce Smith – Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Cliff Avril – Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII[18] (Was first score of game)

text: Reggie Harrison – Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X

text: Chris Culliver credited for safety – San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII[8]

text:
Justin Hartwig (holding penalty) – center, Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII
Tom Brady (intentional grounding penalty) – quarterback, New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI (Was first score of game) [19]

text: Special teams[edit]

text: Kickoff returns[edit]

text: Longest kickoff return, 108 yards, TD

text: Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII

text: Most kickoff returns, career, 10

text: Ken Bell – Denver 3 games XXI, XXII, XXIV [20]

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 8

text:
Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Marcus Knight – Oakland vs. Tampa Bay XXXVII

text: Most kickoff return yards, career, 283

text: Fulton Walker – Miami 2 games XVII, XIX

text: Most kickoff return yards, game, 244

text: Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX

text: Highest kickoff return average, career (4 returns), 42.0 yards

text: Tim Dwight, Atlanta, 1 game (5–210) XXXIII

text: Highest kickoff return average, game (3 returns), 47.5 yards

text: Fulton Walker, Miami vs. Washington, (4–190) XVII

text: Opening kickoff returned for touchdown, 1 time

text: Devin Hester – Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI

text: Most kickoff returns for touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Fulton Walker – Miami vs. Washington, XVII
Stanford Jennings – Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Tim Dwight – Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Ron Dixon – New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
Jermaine Lewis – Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants XXXV
Devin Hester – Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
Percy Harvin – Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Kickoffs[edit]

text: Most kickoffs for touchback, 5

text:
Lin Elliott – 9 kickoffs, 5 touchbacks – Dallas vs. Buffalo XXVII
Stephen Gostkowski – 5 kickoffs, 5 touchbacks – New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Punting[edit]

text: Longest punt, 64 yards

text: Ryan Allen – New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most punts inside 10 yard line, game, 3

text: Steve Weatherford – New York Giants vs. New England XLVI

text: Most punts, game, 11

text: Brad Maynard – New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens XXXV

text: Most punts, career, 17

text:
Mike Eischeid – 3 games Oakland II, Minnesota VIII, IX
Mike Horan – 4 games Denver XXI, XXII, XXIV, St. Louis Rams XXXIV

text: Highest punting average, career (10 punts), 46.5 yards

text: Jerrel Wilson, Kansas City 2 games (11–511) – I, IV

text: Highest punting average, game (4 punts), 50.2 yards

text: Tom Rouen, Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, (6–301) – XL

text: Punt returns[edit]

text: Most punt returns, career, 8

text: Troy Brown – New England 3 games XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX

text: Most punt returns, game, 6

text:
Mike Nelms – Washington vs. Miami, XVII
Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Most fair catches, game, 4

text:
Jermaine Lewis – Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV
Karl Williams – Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most punt return yards gained, career, 94

text: John Taylor – San Francisco 3 games XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Most punt return yards gained, game, 90

text: Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Longest punt return, 61 yards

text: Jordan Norwood – Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Highest average, punt return yardage, career (4 returns), 15.7 yards

text: John Taylor, 3 games (6–94) San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Highest average, punt return yardage, game (3 returns), 18.7 yards

text: John Taylor, San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, (3–56) XXIII

text: Most punt returns for touchdowns, game, 0

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Most field goals attempted, career, 10

text: Adam Vinatieri – 5 games New England XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 5

text:
Jim Turner – New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Efren Herrera – Dallas vs. Denver, XII

text: Most field goals, career, 7

text: Game winning field goals

text:
Jim O'Brien 0:05 time left – Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
Adam Vinatieri 0:00 time left – New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
Adam Vinatieri 0:04 time left – New England vs. Carolina, XXXVIII

text: Most field goals, game, 4

text:
Don Chandler – Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
Ray Wersching – San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XVI

text: Most 40-plus yard field goals, game, 3

text: Garrett Hartley – New Orleans Saints vs. Indianapolis XLIV

text: Longest field goal, 54 yards

text: Steve Christie – Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

text: Shortest field goal, 9 yards

text:
Jim Turner – Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets III
Mike Clark – Dallas vs. Miami VI

text: Note: The goal posts were moved to the back of the end zone in 1974. As such, this record cannot be broken without another change to the layout of the field. Standard field goal protocol does not currently allow a kick 17 yards or shorter.

text: Points after touchdown[edit]

text: Most (one point) PATs, career, 13

text: Most (one point) extra points, game, 7

text:
Mike Cofer – San Francisco vs. Denver, (8 attempts) XXIV
Lin Elliot – Dallas vs. Buffalo, (7 attempts) XXVII
Doug Brien – San Francisco vs. San Diego, (7 attempts) XXIX

text: Most 2 point conversions, game, 1

text:
Mark Seay – San Diego vs. San Francisco XXIX
Alfred Pupunu – San Diego vs. San Francisco XXIX
Mark Chmura – Green Bay vs. New England XXXI
Kevin Faulk – New England vs. Carolina XXXVIII
Lance Moore – New Orleans vs. Indianapolis XLIV
Antwaan Randle El – Pittsburgh vs. Green Bay XLV
Wes Welker – Denver vs. Seattle XLVIII
Bennie Fowler – Denver vs. Carolina 50
James White - New England vs. Atlanta LI
Danny Amendola - New England vs. Atlanta LI

text: Team records[edit]

text: All records can be referenced at NFL.com.[1][2]

text: Most Super Bowl appearances, 10

text: New England Patriots XX, XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl appearances, 4

text: Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Most Super Bowl victories, 6

text: Pittsburgh Steelers IX, X, XIII, XIV, XL, XLIII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl victories, 2 (occurred 8 times)

text:
Green Bay Packers I, II
Miami Dolphins VII, VIII
Pittsburgh Steelers IX, X
Pittsburgh Steelers XIII, XIV
San Francisco 49ers XXIII, XXIV
Dallas Cowboys XXVII, XXVIII
Denver Broncos XXXII, XXXIII
New England Patriots XXXVIII, XXXIX

text: Most Super Bowl losses, 5

text:
Denver Broncos XII, XXI, XXII, XXIV, XLVIII
New England Patriots XX, XXXI, XLII, XLVI, LII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl losses, 4

text: Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Super Bowl win with no home playoff games

text:
Green Bay Packers I – 2 playoff games
Kansas City Chiefs IV – 3 playoff games
Pittsburgh Steelers XL – 4 playoff games
New York Giants XLII – 4 playoff games
Green Bay Packers XLV – 4 playoff games

text: Most Super Bowl wins without a loss, 2

text: Baltimore Ravens – XXXV, XLVII

text: Longest Super Bowl win streak, 5 games

text: San Francisco 49ers – XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Most Super Bowl appearances without a win, 4

text:
Minnesota Vikings IV, VIII, IX, XI
Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Most common matchup, 3

text: Pittsburgh Steelers vs. Dallas Cowboys X, XIII, XXX

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Points[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most points, game, 55

text: San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV

text: Most consecutive points, game, 42

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Most points by a losing team, game, 33

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Fewest points, game, 3

text: Miami vs. Dallas, VI

text: Fewest points by winning team, game, 14

text: Miami vs. Washington, VII

text: Largest margin of victory, 45 points

text: San Francisco 49ers vs. Denver, (55–10) XXIV

text: Smallest margin of victory, 1 point

text: New York Giants vs. Buffalo, (20–19), XXV

text: Most points scored, first half of play, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Most points, second half of play, 30

text: New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

text: Most points scored in any quarter of play, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, (second quarter), XXII

text: Most points, first quarter, 14 (by 7 teams)

text:
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII
San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX
New England vs. Green Bay, XXXI
Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

text: Most points, second quarter, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Most points, third quarter, 21

text: Chicago vs. New England, XX

text: Most points, fourth quarter, 21

text: Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Most points, overtime, 6

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Largest lead, end of first quarter, 14 points

text:
Miami vs. Minnesota, (14–0), VIII
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, (14–0), XV
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, (14–0), XLV

text: Largest halftime margin, 25 points

text: Washington vs. Denver, (35–10), XXII

text: Largest halftime lead with a shutout, 22 points [21]

text: Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Largest lead, end of 3rd quarter, 41 points

text: Chicago vs. New England, (44–3), XX

text: Largest comeback, 25 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 28–3. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Largest 4th quarter comeback, 19 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 28–9. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Largest halftime comeback, 18 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 21–3. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Fewest points, first half, 0 (12 times)

text:
Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
Minnesota 4 times -vs. Kansas City, IV, vs. Miami, VIII, vs. Pittsburgh, IX, vs. Oakland, XI
Washington vs. Miami, VII
Denver 2 times -vs. Dallas, XII, vs. Seattle, XLVIII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XVI
Buffalo vs. Washington, XXVI
Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV
New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV

text: Fewest points, second half, 0 (8 times)

text:
Kansas City vs. Green Bay, I
Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts, V
Miami 4 times – vs. Dallas, VI, vs. Washington, VII, vs. Washington, XVII, vs. San Francisco, XIX Super Bowl VII was the only time that a team failed to score in the second half and won.
Denver vs. Washington, XXII
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most points, game, 75

text: San Francisco (49) vs. San Diego (26), XXIX

text: Fewest points, game, 21

text: Miami (14) vs. Washington (7), VII

text: Most points, first half, 45

text: Washington (35) vs. Denver (10), XXII

text: Most points, second half, 46

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (28) vs. Oakland Raiders (18), XXXVII

text: Fewest points, first half, 2

text: Pittsburgh Steelers (2) vs. Minnesota Vikings (0), IX

text: Fewest points, second half, 7

text:
Miami Dolphins (0) vs. Washington (7), VII
Washington (7) vs. Denver (0), XXII

text: Most points, first quarter, 24

text: Green Bay (10) vs. New England (14), XXXI

text: Most points, second quarter, 35

text: Washington (35) vs. Denver (0), XXII

text: Most points, third quarter, 24

text:
Washington (14) vs. Buffalo (10), XXVI
Baltimore Ravens (7) vs. San Francisco (17), XLVII

text: Most points, fourth quarter, 37

text: New England (18) vs. Carolina (19), XXXVIII

text: Most points, overtime, 6

text: New England (6) vs. Atlanta (0), LI

text: Most lead changes, game, 7

text: Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV

text: Most lead changes in the fourth quarter, 3

text: New England vs. New York Giants, XLII

text: Both teams scoring over 30 points, 3[8]

text:
Pittsburgh (35) vs. Dallas (31), XIII
Baltimore Ravens (34) vs. San Francisco (31), XLVII
Philadelphia (41) vs. New England (33), LII

text: Touchdowns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most touchdowns, game, 8

text: San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV

text: Most touchdowns, losing team, game, 4

text:
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XIII
Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII
Atlanta vs. New England, LI
New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Fewest touchdowns, winning team, game, 1

text: New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III

text: Fewest touchdowns, game, 0

text: Miami vs. Dallas, VI

text: Longest touchdown scoring drive, 96 yards

text:
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV
New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most touchdowns, game, 10

text: San Francisco (7) vs. San Diego (3), XXIX

text: Fewest touchdowns, game, 2

text: New York Jets (1) vs. Baltimore Colts (1), III

text: Points after touchdown[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most (one point) PATs, game, 7

text:
San Francisco vs. Denver, (8 attempts) XXIV
Dallas vs. Buffalo, (7 attempts) XXVII
San Francisco vs. San Diego, (7 attempts) XXIX

text:
San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most missed PATs, game, 3

text:
Oakland (3 2pt tries) vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII
Philadelphia (1 K, 2 2pt tries) vs. New England, LII [12]

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most (one point) PATs, game, 9

text:
Pittsburgh (5) vs. Dallas (4), XIII
Dallas (7) vs. Buffalo (2) (XXVII)

text: Fewest (one point) PATs, game, 2

text:
Baltimore Colts (1) vs. New York Jets (1), III
Baltimore Colts (1) vs. Dallas (1), V
Minnesota (0) vs. Pittsburgh (2), IX
Denver (1) vs. Carolina (1), 50

text: Most two point conversions, game, 2

text:
San Diego (2) vs. San Francisco (0), XXIX
New England (2) vs. Atlanta (0), LI

text: Most total PATs, game, 10

text: San Diego (2 2 pt, 1 k) vs. San Francisco (7 k), XXIX

text: Most missed PATs, game, 4

text: New England (1 K) vs. Philadelphia (1 K, 2 2pt tries), LII [12]

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 5

text:
New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Dallas vs. Denver, XII

text: Most field goals, game, 4

text:
Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XVI

text: Most fake field goals attempted, game, 1

text: Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco 49ers, XLVII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 7

text:
New York Jets (5) vs. Baltimore Colts (2), III
San Francisco (4) vs. Cincinnati (3), XXIII
St. Louis (4) vs. Tennessee (3), XXXIV
Denver (4) vs. Atlanta (3), XXXIII

text: Fewest field goals attempted, game, 1

text:
Minnesota (0) vs. Miami (1), VIII
San Francisco (0) vs. Denver (1), XXIV
Philadelphia (0) vs. New England (1), XXXIX
New England (0) vs. New York Giants (1), XLII
New England (0) vs. Seattle (1), XLIX

text: Most field goals, game, 5

text:
Cincinnati (3) vs. San Francisco (2), XXIII
Dallas (3) vs. Buffalo (2), XXVIII
Baltimore Ravens (2) vs. San Francisco (3), XLVII
New England (2) vs. Philadelphia (3), LII

text: Most field goals without miss, game, 5

text:
Dallas (3) vs. Buffalo (2), XXVIII
Baltimore Ravens (2) vs. San Francisco (3), XLVII[8]

text: Fewest field goals, game, 0

text:
Miami vs. Washington, VII
Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Safeties[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most safeties, game, 1

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Chicago vs. New England, XX
New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Arizona vs. Pittsburgh, XLIII
New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Offense[edit]

text: Net yards gained[edit]

text: Combined rushing and passing

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most net yards, rushing and passing, game, 613

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Fewest net yards, rushing and passing, game, 119

text: Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

text: Fewest Total Yards, Winning Team, game, 194

text: Denver vs. Carolina, 50 [7]

text: Most offensive plays, game, 93

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI [13]

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most net yards, rushing and passing, game, 1,151

text: New England (613) vs. Philadelphia (538), LII – all-time NFL record for any game, whether regular-season or postseason

text: Fewest net yards, rushing and passing, game, 396

text: New York Giants (152) vs. Baltimore Ravens (244), XXXV

text: Rushing[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most rushing attempts, game, 57

text: Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Fewest rushing attempts, winning team, game, 13

text:
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh XLV

text: Fewest rushing attempts, game, 9

text: Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX

text: Most yards rushing, game, 280

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Fewest rushing yards, winning team, game, 29

text: St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

text: Fewest yards rushing, game, 7

text: New England vs. Chicago, XX

text: Highest average gain per rush attempt, game, 7.00 yards

text:
Los Angeles Raiders vs. Washington, (33–231), XVIII
Washington vs. Denver, (40–280), XXII

text: Lowest average gain per rush attempt, game, 0.64 yards

text: New England vs. Chicago, (11–7) XX

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 4

text:
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII

text: Fewest rushing touchdowns, game, 0 (34 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Minnesota, Denver, Green Bay, New York Giants
3 times – Oakland, Dallas, Miami
4 times – New England

text:
• Kansas City vs. Green Bay, I
• Oakland vs. Green Bay, II
• Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts V

• Miami vs. Dallas VI
• Washington vs. Miami VII
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
• Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
• Minnesota vs. Oakland, XI

• Dallas vs. Steelers, XIII
• Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
• Philadelphia vs. Oakland, XV

• Miami vs. Washington, XVII
• Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX
• New England vs. Chicago, XX

• Denver vs. Washington XXII
• Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
• San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XXIII

• Green Bay vs. Denver, XXXII
• Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

• New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
• New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
• Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

• Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, XL
• Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
• New York Giants vs. New England, XLII

• Arizona vs. Pittsburgh, XLIII
• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

• New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI
• Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
• Denver vs. Seattle, XLVIII

• New England vs. Seattle, XLIX

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most rushing attempts, game, 81

text: Washington (52) vs. Miami (29), XVII

text: Fewest rushing attempts, game, 36

text: Green Bay (13) vs. Pittsburgh (23), XLV

text: Most yards rushing, game, 377

text: Washington (280) vs. Denver (97), XXII

text: Fewest yards rushing, game, 91

text: Arizona (33) vs. Pittsburgh (58), XLIII

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 4

text:
Miami (3) vs. Minnesota (1), VIII
Chicago (4) vs. New England (0), XX
San Francisco (3) vs. Denver (1), XXIV
Denver (4) vs. Green Bay (0), XXXII

text: Fewest rushing touchdowns, game, 0

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII

text: Passing[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most passing attempts, game, 63

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest passing attempts, game, 7

text: Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Most passes completed, game, 43

text: New England vs. Atlanta LI

text: Fewest passes completed, game, 4

text: Miami vs. Washington, XVII

text: Highest completion percentage, game (20 attempts), 88.0%

text: New York Giants vs. Denver, (25–22), XXI

text: Lowest completion percentage, game (20 attempts), 32.0%

text: Denver vs. Dallas, (25–8), XII

text: Most yards passing, game, 500

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Fewest yards passing, game, 35

text: Denver vs. Dallas, XII

text: Highest average yards gained per pass attempt, game, 14.7 yards

text: Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams (309–21), XIV

text: Lowest average yards gained per pass attempt, game, 1.4 yards

text: Denver vs. Dallas (35–25), XII

text: Most times intercepted, game, 5

text: Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Most times sacked, game, 7

text:
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
New England vs. Chicago, XX
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: Fewest times sacked, game, 0 (13 teams)

text:
2 times – Denver, Philadelphia
3 times – Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts

text:
• Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
• Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

• Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV
• Philadelphia vs. Oakland, XV
• Washington vs. Buffalo, XXVI

• Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
• Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII
• Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

• New England vs. Carolina, XXXVIII
• Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV
• Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

• Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Most passing touchdowns, game, 6

text: San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Fewest passing touchdowns, game, 0 (21 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Miami, Washington, Buffalo
3 times – Minnesota
4 times – Denver

text:
• New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
• Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
• Minnesota vs. Kansas City IV

• Miami vs. Dallas VI
• Washington vs. Miami VII
• Minnesota vs. Miami, VIII

• Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX
• Denver vs. Dallas, XII

• Washington vs. Los Angeles Raiders, XVIII
• Chicago vs. New England, XX
• Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII

• Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
• Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

• Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVIII
• Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
• Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV

• New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
• Carolina vs. Denver, 50
• Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Most players, 100-or-more receiving yards, game, 3

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII (Danny Amendola 152, Chris Hogan 128, Rob Gronkowski 116)

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most passes attempted, game, 93

text:
San Diego (55) vs. San Francisco (38), XXIX
New England (49) vs. Philadelphia (44), LII

text: Fewest passes attempted, game, 35

text: Miami (7) vs. Minnesota (28), VIII

text: Most passes completed, game, 63

text: New Orleans (32) vs. Indianapolis (31), XLIV

text: Fewest passes completed, game, 19

text: Miami (4) vs. Washington (15), XVII

text: Highest completion percentage, game, 75.0%

text: New Orleans (82.1%) vs. Indianapolis (68.9%), XLIV

text: Most yards passing, game, 874

text: New England (500) vs. Philadelphia (374), LII

text: Fewest yards passing, game, 156

text: Miami (69) vs. Washington (87), VII

text: Most times sacked, game, 12

text: Carolina (7) vs. Denver (5), 50

text: Fewest times sacked, game, 1

text:
Philadelphia (0) vs. Oakland (1), XV
Denver (0) vs. Green Bay (1), XXXII
New Orleans (1) vs. Indianapolis (0), XLIV
Seattle (0) vs. Denver (1), XLVIII
Philadelphia (0) vs. New England (1), LII

text: Most passing touchdowns, game, 7

text:
Pittsburgh (4) vs. Dallas (3), XIII
San Francisco (6) vs. San Diego (1), XXIX
New England (3) vs. Philadelphia (4), LII

text: Fewest passing touchdowns, game, 0

text:
New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: First downs[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most first downs, game, 37

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest first downs, game, 9

text:
Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX
Miami vs. Washington, XVII

text: Most first downs rushing, game, 16

text: San Francisco vs. Miami, XIX

text: Fewest first downs, rushing, game, 1

text:
New England vs. Chicago, XX
St. Louis vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII
New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most first downs, passing, game, 26

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest first downs, passing, game, 1

text: Denver vs. Dallas, XII

text: Most first downs, penalty, game, 4

text:
Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XVI
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII
St. Louis vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII
New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most first downs, game, 54

text:
New England (37) vs. Atlanta (17), LI
New England (29) vs. Philadelphia (25), LII

text: Fewest first downs, game, 24

text:
Dallas (10) vs. Baltimore Colts (14), V
New York Giants (11) vs. Baltimore Ravens (13), XXXV

text: Most first downs, rushing, game, 21

text: Washington (14) vs. Miami (7), XVII

text: Fewest first downs, rushing, game, 6

text: Arizona (2) vs. Pittsburgh (4), XLIII

text: Most first downs, passing, game, 42

text: New England (23) vs. Philadelphia (19), LII

text: Fewest first downs, passing, game, 9

text: Denver (1) vs. Dallas (8), XII

text: Most first downs, penalty, game, 6

text:
Cincinnati (4) vs. San Francisco (2), XVI
St. Louis (4) vs. Tennessee (2), XXXIV

text: Fewest first downs, penalty, game, 0

text:
Dallas vs. Miami, VI
Miami vs. Washington, VII
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX
Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL
Pittsburgh vs. Green Bay XLV

text: Lowest 3rd down conversion rate, game, 13.8%

text: Denver (1–14) vs. Carolina (3–15), 50[22]

text: Defense[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most Interceptions by, game, 5

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most yards gained by interception return, game, 172

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most touchdowns scored by interception return, game, 3

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most sacks, game, 7

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Fewest yards allowed, 119

text: Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Most yards allowed, 613

text: Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Most yards allowed in a win, 613

text: Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most Interceptions by, game, 6

text:
Baltimore Colts (3) vs. Dallas (3), V
Tampa Bay (5) vs. Oakland (1), XXXVII

text: Fewest Interceptions by, game, 0

text:
Buffalo vs. New York Giants XXV
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee XXXIV

text: Fewest yards allowed, 396

text: Baltimore Ravens (152) vs. New York Giants (244), XXXV

text: Most yards allowed, 1151

text: Philadelphia (613) vs. New England (538), LII

text: Most yards gained by interception return, game, 184

text: Tampa Bay (172) vs. Oakland Raiders (12), XXXVII

text: Most sacks by, game, 12

text: Denver (7) vs. Carolina (5), 50

text: Fewest sacks by, game, 1

text: Philadelphia (1) vs. New England (0), LII

text: Fumbles[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most fumbles, game, 8

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles lost, game, 5

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles recovered, game, 8

text: Dallas vs. Denver, XII (4 own, 4 opponent)

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most fumbles, both teams, game, 12

text: Buffalo (8) vs. Dallas (4), XXVII

text: Fewest fumbles, both teams, game, 0

text:
Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh, XIV
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL
New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most fumbles lost, both teams, game, 7

text: Buffalo (5) vs. Dallas (2), XXVII

text: Fewest fumbles lost, both teams, game, 0 (15 times)

text:
2 times – Green Bay, Dallas, Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams, Denver, Seattle
3 times – New York Giants, New England
4 times – Pittsburgh

text:
• Green Bay vs. Kansas City, I
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
• Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh, XIV

• Denver vs. New York Giants, XXI
• Denver vs. Washington, XXII
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV

• San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XXX
• Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
• Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII
• Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
• New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Turnovers[edit]

text: Turnovers are defined as the number of times losing the ball on interceptions and fumbles.

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most turnovers, game, 9

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Fewest turnovers, game, 0 (20 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Oakland, San Francisco
3 times – Green Bay, New York Giants

text:
• Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
• Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
• Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X

• Oakland vs. Minnesota, XI
• Oakland vs. Philadelphia XV
• New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

• San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
• New York Giants vs. Buffalo, XXV

• San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XXX
• Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
• Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV
• Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV

• New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

• New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
• Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most turnovers, game, 11

text:
Baltimore Colts (7) vs. Dallas (4), V
Buffalo (9) vs. Dallas (2), XXVII

text: Fewest turnovers, game, 0

text:
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

text: Kickoff returns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 9

text:
Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Fewest kickoff returns, game, 0

text: Seattle vs. New England XLIX

text: Most yards gained, game, 244

text: San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 0

text: Seattle vs. New England XLIX

text: Highest average gain, game (3 returns), 44.0 yards

text: Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII (3–132)

text: Most touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Miami vs. Washington, XVII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV
New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 13

text: Oakland (9) vs. Tampa Bay (4), XXXVII

text: Fewest kickoff returns, game, 3

text: New England (3) vs. Seattle (0), XLIX

text: Most yards gained, game, 312

text: Baltimore Ravens (206) vs. San Francisco (106), XLVII[8]

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 49

text: New England (49) vs. Seattle (0), XLIX

text: Most touchdowns, game, 2

text: Baltimore Ravens (1) vs. New York Giants (1), XXXV

text: Punting[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most punts, game, 11

text: New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV

text: Fewest punts, game, 0

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Highest average, game (4 punts), 50.17 yards

text: Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, (6–301), XL

text: Lowest average, game (4 punts), 31.00 yards

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland (4–124), XXXVII

text: Most punts inside the 10 yard line, 3

text: N Y Giants vs. New England, XLVI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most punts, game, 21

text: New York Giants (11) vs. Baltimore Ravens (10), XXXV

text: Fewest punts, game, 1

text: Punt returns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most punt returns, game, 6

text:
Washington vs. Miami, XVII
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Fewest punt returns, game, 0

text:
Minnesota vs. Miami, VIII
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Washington vs. Buffalo, XXVI
Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
Green Bay vs. Denver, XXXII
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII
New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII
New England vs. Philadelphia, LII
Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Most yards gained, game, 90

text: Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Fewest yards gained, game, –1

text:
Dallas vs. Miami, VI
Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV

text: Highest average return yardage, game (3 returns), 18.7 yards

text: San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, (3–56), XXIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most punt returns, game, 10

text: Green Bay (6) vs. New England (4), XXXI

text: Fewest punt returns, game, 0

text:
Denver vs. Green Bay XXXII
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Most yards gained, game, 120

text: Green Bay (90) vs. New England (30), XXXI

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 0

text:
Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Penalties[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most penalties, game, 12

text:
Dallas vs. Denver, XII
Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: Fewest penalties, game, 0

text:
Miami vs. Dallas, VI
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII

text: Most yards penalized, game, 133 yards

text: Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts, V

text: Fewest yards penalized, game, 0

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most penalties, game, 20

text:
Dallas (12) vs. Denver (8), XII
Carolina (12) vs. New England (8), XXXVIII

text: Fewest penalties, game, 2

text: Pittsburgh (0) vs. Dallas (2), X

text: Most yards penalized, game, 164 yards

text: Dallas (133) vs. Baltimore Colts (31), V

text: Fewest yards penalized, game, 15 yards

text: Miami (0) vs. Dallas (15), VI

text: Time[edit]

text: Fastest score from start of game, (12 seconds)

text: Seattle Seahawks, safety (XLVIII)

text: Least Playing Time In The Lead by winning team, (0 minutes, 0 seconds)

text: New England Patriots vs. Atlanta Falcons (LI)

text: Most Playing Time In The Lead by losing team, (41 minutes, 18 seconds)

text: Atlanta Falcons vs. New England Patriots (LI)

text: Most Playing Time In The Lead, (59 minutes, 48 seconds)

text: Seattle Seahawks (XLVIII)

text: Longest time before first score, team, (57 minutes, 53 seconds)

text: Washington Redskins (VII)

text: Longest time before either team scores, (26 minutes, 55 seconds)

text: Carolina Panthers vs. New England Patriots (XXXVIII)

text: Time of Possession, (40 minutes, 33 seconds)

text: New York Giants (XXV)

text: Longest drive, (9 minutes, 59 seconds)

text: New York Giants (XLII)

text: Longest Super Bowl, elapsed time between kickoff and end of game, 4 hours, 14 minutes (includes 34 minute power outage in the 3rd quarter)

text: Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco (XLVII)[8]

text: Longest Super Bowl, amount of playing time, 63 minutes, 58 seconds (overtime game)

text: Longest drought without repeat World Champions

text: 13 years (the 2004 New England Patriots remain the last repeat World Champions)

text: Coaching[edit]

text: Most games as head coach, 8

text: Bill Belichick: New England Patriots (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, and LII )

text: Most Super Bowl wins as head coach, 5

text: Bill Belichick: New England Patriots (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX and LI)

text: Most appearances as a coach, 11

text: Bill Belichick – assistant coach New York Giants XXI, XXV, New England XXXI, head coach New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most Super Bowl losses, 4

text:
Bud Grant: Minnesota (IV, VIII, IX, and XI)
Don Shula: Baltimore Colts (III), Miami Dolphins (VI, XVII, and XIX)
Marv Levy: Buffalo Bills (XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII)
Dan Reeves: Denver Broncos (XXI, XXII and XXIV), Atlanta Falcons (XXXIII)

text: Won as a Player and a Coach

text:
Tom Flores: Kansas City (IV), Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders (XV, XVIII)
Mike Ditka: Dallas (VI), Chicago (XX)
Tony Dungy: Pittsburgh (XIII), Indianapolis (XLI)
Doug Pederson: Green Bay (XXXI), Philadelphia (LII)

text: Played and Coached for the same team in a Super Bowl

text: Gary Kubiak: Denver Broncos (player XXI, XXII, XXIV, coach 50)

text: Most teams as head coach, 2

text:
Don Shula: Baltimore Colts, Miami Dolphins
Dick Vermeil: Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams
Dan Reeves: Denver Broncos, Atlanta Falcons
Bill Parcells: New York Giants, New England Patriots
Mike Holmgren: Green Bay Packers, Seattle Seahawks
John Fox: Carolina Panthers, Denver Broncos

text: Youngest to win, 36 years, 341 days

text: Mike Tomlin: Pittsburgh Steelers (XLIII)

text: Oldest to win, 65 years, 158 days

text: Tom Coughlin: New York Giants (XLVI)

text: Most seasons between appearances, 19

text: Dick Vermeil: Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams (XV and XXXIV)

text: Most Super Bowl wins with a different starting quarterback, 3

text: Joe Gibbs: Washington Redskins XVII (Joe Theismann), XXII, (Doug Williams), XXVI (Mark Rypien)

text: Teams winning with 3 different head coaches

text:
Dallas Cowboys: Tom Landry (VI, XII), Jimmy Johnson (XXVII, XXVIII), Barry Switzer (XXX)
Pittsburgh Steelers: Chuck Noll (IX, X, XIII, XIV), Bill Cowher (XL), Mike Tomlin (XLIII)
Green Bay Packers: Vince Lombardi (I, II), Mike Holmgren (XXXI), Mike McCarthy (XLV)

text: Popularity[edit]

text: Most-Watched Television Broadcast, 114.5 million viewers

text: XLIX Seattle vs. New England- Highest rated broadcast of all time.[23][24]

text: Highest stadium audience attendance, 103,985

text: XIV Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh Steelers

text: Non-occurrences[edit]

text: In the history of the Super Bowl, the following firsts have yet to occur:

text:
An all-wild card matchup (teams who failed to win their divisions) – Ten wild card teams have won conference titles since the AFL–NFL merger, but never two in the same season. The closest the NFL has come to having an all-wild card Super Bowl occurred during the 2010–11 NFL playoffs when the New York Jets, a wild card team, reached the AFC Championship Game where they played the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Pittsburgh Steelers beat the New York Jets 24–19. In the subsequent Super Bowl, the Pittsburgh Steelers faced another wild card team, the Green Bay Packers, who beat them 31–25. Every Super Bowl has had a first or second seeded team.
A shutout – Every Super Bowl participant to date has scored. In five cases, the offenses have failed to score a touchdown. In four of those cases, the special teams scored the only touchdown:

text:
A punt return for a touchdown. There have been 3 blocked punts returned for touchdowns, however.
Home field advantage (playing in one's own home stadium) – No team has ever played in a Super Bowl hosted in its home stadium. On two occasions a team has played in a Super Bowl hosted in its metropolitan area but in a different stadium: The Los Angeles Rams played in Super Bowl XIV at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, which is about 30 miles from their then-home stadium, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the San Francisco 49ers played in Super Bowl XIX at Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, which is about 25 miles south of the former site of their then-home stadium, Candlestick Park, in San Francisco. The Minnesota Vikings are currently the only team to have come within one win of playing in a Super Bowl in their home stadium, as they lost in the NFC Championship Game in 2017 when their home field, U.S. Bank Stadium, was scheduled to host Super Bowl LII. The Vikings, however, would have remained designated as the "road team" had they advanced to the Super Bowl, in keeping with the NFC team being scheduled to be so designated.
Two teams from the same metropolitan area: Two cities currently have two franchises: New York hosts both the Giants and the Jets. Beginning with the 2017 NFL season, Los Angeles hosts both the Chargers and the Rams. Also two pairs of teams share a common metropolitan area, although they are based in different cities: the Baltimore Ravens and the Washington Redskins; as well as the San Francisco 49ers and Oakland Raiders. All of the teams mentioned above except for the Chargers have won a Super Bowl, but never against their neighbor.

text:
An appearance by every team – Four teams have yet to reach their first Super Bowl: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans and Jacksonville Jaguars. The Lions and Browns both won NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era, most recently in 1957 and 1964, respectively. The Jaguars and Texans are post-merger expansion teams that began play in 1995 and 2002, respectively.
Every team winning – 12 teams have yet to win their first Super Bowl: the Arizona Cardinals, Atlanta Falcons, Buffalo Bills, Carolina Panthers, Cincinnati Bengals, Los Angeles Chargers, Minnesota Vikings, and Tennessee Titans, along with the four that have not appeared in a Super Bowl. The Chargers, the Titans (known as the Houston Oilers in the 1960s), and the Bills all won American Football League (AFL) championships in the pre-Super Bowl era. The Cardinals both won NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era. The Vikings won the 1969 NFL Championship Game, the last NFL Championship Game before the AFL–NFL merger, but lost Super Bowl IV to the AFL champs, the Kansas City Chiefs. Since the merger, the Vikings have appeared in the Super Bowl three more times (Super Bowl VIII, Super Bowl IX, and most recently in Super Bowl XI) but lost all three of them. Thus the Jaguars, Texans, Bengals, Falcons, and Panthers have yet to win their first league championship.
Every team losing – The Baltimore Ravens, New Orleans Saints, New York Jets, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and the four teams that have never reached a Super Bowl have yet to lose a Super Bowl.
No touchdowns scored – In every Super Bowl to date, there have been at least two touchdowns scored (Fewest combined – 2, in Super Bowl III).
A three-peat. Two teams (the New England Patriots and the Dallas Cowboys) won three Super Bowl titles in four years and the Pittsburgh Steelers won 4 Super Bowl titles in 6 years, which included back to back championships twice. The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls from 1971–1973, winning the final two, making them the team having come closest to a three-peat. The Green Bay Packers were the 1965 NFL Champions and won the first two Super Bowls following their victories in the 1966 and 1967 NFL Championship Games. The Buffalo Bills appeared in four consecutive Super Bowls, but lost every time.
Fair catch kick – A fair catch kick has never been attempted in the Super Bowl. The only scenario in which a fair catch kick was seriously considered was at the end of regulation in Super Bowl LI, when Patriots head coach Bill Belichick considered a 75-yard fair catch kick attempt. Belichick decided against it, however, since the kick would not have had a realistic chance of success and could have been returned by the Atlanta Falcons for a game-winning touchdown.[25]
A head coach leading two different teams to Super Bowl victories. Four Super Bowl-winning coaches also coached another team but lost: Don Shula, Bill Parcells, Mike Holmgren and Dick Vermeil.


document_title: History of the Rosary

question_text: when were the mysteries added to the rosary

root

text: History of the Rosary

text: History[edit]

text: Prayers with beads like the rosary may have begun as a practice by the laity to imitate the Christian monasticism of the Liturgy of the Hours, during the course of which the monks prayed the 150 Psalms daily.[3] As many of the laity and even lay monastics could not read, they substituted 150 repetitions of the Our Father (Pater noster in Latin) for the Psalms, sometimes using a cord with knots on it to keep an accurate count.[4]

tag: p

text: According to a Dominican tradition, the rosary was given to Saint Dominic in an apparition by the Blessed Virgin Mary in the year 1214 in the church of Prouille.[3] This Marian apparition received the title of Our Lady of the Rosary.[5] In the 15th century Blessed Alanus de Rupe (aka Alain de la Roche or Saint Alan of the Rock), who was a learned Dominican priest and theologian, is said to have received a vision from Jesus about the urgency of reinstating the rosary as a form of prayer.  Blessed Alanus de Rupe also said that he received the Blessed Mother's "15 Promises". Before his death on September 8, 1475 he reinstituted the rosary in many countries and established many rosary confraternities. Despite the popularity of Blessed Alanus's story about the origins of the rosary, there has never been found any historical evidence positively linking St. Dominic to the rosary. The story of St. Dominic's devotion to the rosary and supposed apparition of Our Lady of the Rosary does not appear in any documents of the Church or Dominican Order prior to the writings of Blessed Alanus,[4] some 300 years later.

text: Historical development[edit]

text: During the middle ages, evidence suggests that both the Our Father and the Hail Mary were recited with prayer beads.[3] In 13th century Paris, four trade guilds existed of prayer bead makers, who were referred to as paternosterers, and the beads were referred to as paternosters, suggesting a continued link between the Our Father (Pater noster in Latin) and the prayer beads.[4]

text: In the 12th century, the rule of the English anchorites, the Ancrene Wisse, specified how groups of 50 Hail Marys were to be broken into five decades of ten Hail Marys each. Gradually, the Hail Mary came to replace the Our Father as the prayer most associated with beads. Eventually, each decade came to be preceded by an Our Father, which further mirrored the structure of the monastic Divine Office.[4]

text: The practice of meditation during the praying of the Hail Marys is attributed to Dominic of Prussia (1382–1460), a Carthusian monk, who called it "Life of Jesus Rosary".[6] The German monk from Trier added a sentence to each of the 50 Hail Marys already popular at his time, using quotes from scriptures. Promoted by his superior Adolf von Essen and others, his practice became popular among Benedictines and Carthusians from Trier to adjoining Belgium and France, where it was greatly promoted by the preaching of the Dominican priest Alan de Rupe, who helped to spread the devotion in France, Flanders, and the Netherlands between 1460 and his death in 1475.[7]

text: In 1475 James Sprenger formed one of the first rosary confraternities in Cologne.[8][9] Rosary confraternities in Venice and Florence were formed in 1480 and 1481.[10]

text: In the 16th century, Rosary confraternities for women spread in France and Italy, partly because women were excluded from most other societies and because this type did not involve common masses or processions, only private prayer.[11] In 1571 Pope Pius V called for all of Europe to pray the  rosary for victory at the Battle of Lepanto, in which the Christian belligerents included the Papal States. The Christian victory at Lepanto was at first celebrated as the feast of "Our Lady of Victory" on October 7, but was later renamed the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary.[12][13][14]

text: Official devotion[edit]

text: In 1569, the papal bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices by the Dominican Pope Pius V officially established the devotion to the rosary in the Catholic Church.[15] Saint Peter Canisius, a Doctor of the Church, who is credited with adding to the Hail Mary the sentence "Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners", was an ardent advocate of the rosary and promoted it (and its Marian devotion in general) as the best way to repair the damage done to the Church by the Reformation.[16]

text:
From the 16th to the early 20th century, the structure of the rosary remained essentially unchanged.[4] There were 15 mysteries, one for each of the 15 decades. In the 20th century the addition of the Fatima Prayer to the end of each decade became popular. After Vatican Council II, Msgr. Annibale Bugnini, architect of the liturgical reform, proposed further changes to the structure of the Rosary, but Pope Paul VI refused to implement the proposal on the grounds that changing such a well-established and popular devotion would unsettle the piety of the faithful and show a lack of reverence for an ancient practice. There were thus no other changes until 2002 when John Paul II instituted five new Luminous Mysteries.[17]
In the 17th century, the Rosary began to appear as an element in key pieces of Roman Catholic Marian art. Key examples include Murrillo's Madonna with the Rosary at the Museo del Prado in Spain, and the statue of Madonna with Rosary at the church of San Nazaro Maggiore in Milan. Several Roman Catholic Marian churches around the world have also been named after the rosary, e.g. Our Lady of the Rosary Basilica, in Rosario Argentina, the Rosary Basilica in Lourdes and Nossa Senhora do Rosário in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

text: Key dates[edit]

text: The table shows key dates in the development of the rosary.:[3]

text:
4th century prayer rope used by the Desert Fathers to count repetitions of the Jesus Prayer
"Hail Mary full of grace" prayer employed in a Syriac ritual attributed to Severus, Patriarch of Antioch (c. 513) on line link http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07110b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia written in 1914
By the 7th century prayers to Mary were becoming more common.[18]
c. 1075 Lady Godiva refers in her will to "the circlet of precious stones which she had threaded on a cord in order that by fingering them one after another she might count her prayers exactly" (Malmesbury, "Gesta Pont.", Rolls Series 311)[4]
A rule for anchorites in mid-12th century England gives directions on how 50 Hail Marys are to be said divided into sets of ten, with prostrations and other marks of reverence.[4]

tag: ul

text:
It is recorded by a contemporary biographer that St. Aibert, who died in 1140, recited 150 Hail Marys daily, 100 with genuflexions and 50 with prostrations.[19]
1214 traditional date of Saint Dominic's reception of the rosary from the Virgin Mary as Our Lady of the Rosary[3]
It is recorded of  St. Louis of France (1214–70) that "without counting his other prayers the holy King knelt down every evening 50 times and each time he stood upright then knelt again and repeated slowly an Ave Maria." [19]
1268 A reference to guild of "paternosterers" in Paris in "Livre des métiers" of Stephen Boyleau.[4]
Early 15th century, Dominic of Prussia, a Carthusian, introduces 50 mysteries, one for each Ave Maria[20]
15th century blessed Alanus de Rupe (Alain de la Roche) established the "15 rosary promises" and started many rosary confraternities
c. 1514 Hail Mary prayer attains its current form.[19]
1569 Pope Pius V established the current form of the original 15 mysteries[21]
1587 Rosario della Sacratissima Vergine Maria by Ven. Luis de Granada is published.
1589 Instructions for the use of the beades by John Bucke is published.[22]
1597 first recorded use of the term "rosary" to refer to prayer beads.[23]
1917 Our Lady of Fatima is said to ask that the Fatima Prayer be added to the Rosary. Her visionaries state that she also asks for the Rosary to be said to stop the war.
1974 Pope Paul VI issues the Apostolic Letter Marialis Cultus  which devotes 14 sections to the use of the rosary within the Roman Catholic Church.[24]
2002 Pope John Paul II introduces the Luminous Mysteries as an option for Roman Catholics in an Apostolic Letter on the Rosary, Rosarium Virginis Mariae.[25]

text: Ropes, beads and prayers[edit]

text: The English word bead derives from the Old English noun bede which means a prayer.[26][27]

text: The earliest Christian devices for counting prayers trace to the  Desert Fathers who started Christian monasticism in the 3rd century.[28] They had the habit of praying 150 psalms a day and in order to keep track of the count kept 150 pebbles in a bowl or a bag, and removed a pebble after each psalm. Anthony of Egypt and St. Pachomius are often associated with the development of prayer ropes in the 4th century. These were ropes with 150 knots and gained popularity because they weighed less than a bag of 150 pebbles. These prayer ropes (also called komboskini) continue to be used in Eastern Christianity today. These ropes were only used for prayers such as the Jesus Prayer and the Lord's Prayer and involved no prayers to the Virgin Mary.[29][30]

text: The earliest known prayer to Mary is the Sub tuum praesidium, which begins with the words: "Beneath your compassion, we take refuge."[31][32] The earliest text of Sub tuum praesidium traces to the Coptic Orthodox liturgy and a copy written in Greek dates to around the year 250.[33] After the First Council of Ephesus in 431 the title Theotokos and the veneration of Mary as the "Mother of God" were established and a period of growth for Marian prayers started.[34][35]

text: An Egyptian Coptic ostracon that dates to around the year 600 bears the Greek words: "Hail Mary full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou amongst women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, because thou didst conceive Christ, the Son of God, the Redeemer of our souls". This Eastern variant of the Ave Maria was apparently intended for liturgical use, just as the earliest form of the Hail Mary in the Western Church took the shape of an antiphon. However, there is little or no trace of the Hail Mary as an accepted "devotional formula" before about 1050.[19] While two Anglo-Saxon manuscripts at the British Museum, one of which may be as old as the year 1030, show the words "Ave Maria" etc. and "benedicta tu in mulieribus et benedictus fructus ventris tui" it is not certain when these clauses were first joined to make one prayer[19]


document_title: Boundaries between the continents of Earth

question_text: what is the traditional dividing line between europe and asia

text: Europe and Africa[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
The Mediterranean Sea

The Atlantic Ocean around the boundary

text: The European and African mainlands are non-contiguous, and the delineation between these continents is thus merely a question of which islands are to be associated with which continent. At its nearest point, Spain and Morocco are separated by only 13 kilometres (8.1 miles).

text: The Portuguese Atlantic island possession of the Azores is 1,368 km (850 mi) from Europe and 1,507 km (936 mi) from Africa, and is usually grouped with Europe if grouped with any continent. By contrast, the Canary and Madeira islands off the Atlantic coast of Morocco are much closer to, and usually grouped with, Africa (the Canary Islands are only 100 km (62 mi) from the African coast at their closest point, while Madeira is 520 km (320 mi) from Africa and 1,000 km (620 mi) from Europe).[1]

text: The island nation of Malta is approximately 81 km (50 mi) from the coast of Sicily in Europe - much closer than the 288 km (179 mi) distance to the closest African coast. The nearby Italian island of Lampedusa is 207 km (129 mi) from Sicily while just 127 km (79 mi) from the African coast; similarly, Pantelleria is 100 km (62 mi) from Sicily and just 71 km (44 mi) from the African coast. All of these islands are actually located on the African plate, and may be considered part of the continent of Africa.[2][3] However, for political and historical reasons, maps generally display them as part of Europe.

text: Europe and Asia[edit]

text: History[edit]

text: The threefold division of the Old World into Europe, Asia and Africa has been in use since the 6th century BC, due to Greek geographers such as Anaximander and Hecataeus. The boundary between Europe and Asia is very unusual among continental boundaries because of its largely mountain-and-river-based characteristics north and east of the Black Sea. Europe is more of a subcontinent within Eurasia in geological terms, and it has sometimes been referred to as such.[4]

text: Anaximander placed the boundary between Asia and Europe along the Phasis River (the modern Rioni) in the Caucasus (from its mouth by Poti on the Black Sea coast, through the Surami Pass and along the Kura River to the Caspian Sea), a convention still followed by Herodotus in the 5th century BC.[5] As geographic knowledge of the Greeks increased during the Hellenistic period,[6] this archaic convention was revised, and the boundary between Europe and Asia was now considered to be the Tanais (the modern Don River). This is the convention used by Roman era authors such as Posidonius,[7] Strabo[8] and Ptolemy.[9]

text: Throughout the Middle Ages and into the 18th century, the traditional division of the landmass of Eurasia into two continents, Europe and Asia, followed Ptolemy, with the boundary following the Turkish Straits, the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait, the Sea of Azov and the Don (ancient Tanais). But maps produced during the 16th to 18th centuries tended to differ in how to continue the boundary beyond the Don bend at Kalach-na-Donu (where it is closest to the Volga, now joined with it by the Volga–Don Canal), into territory not described in any detail by the ancient geographers.

text: Philip Johan von Strahlenberg in 1725 was the first to depart from the classical Don boundary by drawing the line along the Volga, following the Volga north until the Samara Bend, along Obshchy Syrt (the drainage divide between Volga and Ural) and then north along Ural Mountains.[10][11] The mapmakers continued to differ on the boundary between the lower Don and Samara well into the 19th century. The 1745 atlas published by the Russian Academy of Sciences has the boundary follow the Don beyond Kalach as far as Serafimovich before cutting north towards Arkhangelsk, while other 18th- to 19th-century mapmakers such as John Cary followed Strahlenberg's prescription. To the south, the Kuma–Manych Depression was identified circa 1773 by a German naturalist, Peter Simon Pallas, as a valley that, once upon a time, connected the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea,[11][12] and subsequently was proposed as a natural boundary between continents.

text: By the mid-19th century, there were three main conventions, one following the Don, the Volga–Don Canal and the Volga, the other following the Kuma–Manych Depression to the Caspian and then the Ural River, and the third abandoning the Don altogether, following the Greater Caucasus watershed to the Caspian. The question was still treated as a "controversy" in geographical literature of the 1860s, with Douglas Freshfield advocating the Caucasus crest boundary as the "best possible", citing support from various "modern geographers".[13]

text: In Russia and the Soviet Union, the boundary along the Kuma–Manych Depression was the most commonly used as early as 1906.[14] In 1958, the Soviet Geographical Society formally recommended that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay, on the Kara Sea, along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains, then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills, and then the Emba River; and Kuma–Manych Depression,[15] thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe.[16] However, most geographers in the Soviet Union favoured the boundary along the Caucasus crest[17] and this became the standard convention in the latter 20th century, although the Kuma–Manych boundary remained in use in some 20th-century maps.

text:
Maps

Map
Description

Map of the world according to Anaximander (6th century BC). Only the parts of Europe, Asia and Africa directly adjacent to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea are known. The Phasis River of the Caucasus is imagined as separating Europe from Asia, while the Nile separates Asia from Africa (Libya).

In this 1570 map of Asia (Asiae Nova Descriptio), the Tanais is used as continental boundary. Moscovia is represented as "transcontinental", having an Asiatic and a European part (labelled Europae pars).

This 1719 map of "ancient Asia" (Asia Vetus) divides Sarmatia into Sarmatia Europea and Sarmatia Asiatica. The continental boundary is drawn along the Tanais (Don), the Volga and the Northern Dvina.

Herman Moll (c. 1715) draws the boundary along the Don, the Volga, cutting across land from Samara to the Tobol River, following the lower Irtysh and finally the Ob River, placing Novaya Zemlya in Europe.

A German map of 1730 by Johann Christoph Homann has a similar boundary to the one shown by Moll, but following the full length of the Samara bend and then cutting across to the Irtysh directly, placing the Tobol and Tobolsk in Asia.

The "Academy Atlas" of the Russian Empire, published by The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1745, draws the boundary along the Don, but then west of the Volga to Arkhangelsk

1803 Cedid Atlas (Ottoman Empire), draws the boundary along the Don, Volga and River Kama and then cuts northwards to Khaypudyr Bay. Novaya Zemlya is in Europe.

1806 map of Asia by John Cary, boundary along the Don and then the Volga until Samara, and north of Perm following the Urals, placing Novaya Zemlya in Asia.

1827 map by Anthony Finley, showing the boundary as running along the Don, the Volga, passing between Perm and Ufa, and running north over land to the Sea of Kara, placing Novaya Zemlya in Europe.

1861 map by A. J. Johnson, illustrating the modern convention, Caucasus crest, Ural River, Urals.

1914 map showing the boundary along the Manych River, placing Stavropol Krai in Asia

Miles Clark in his 1992 "circumnavigation of Europe" followed the White Sea – Baltic Canal until Lake Onega and the Volga–Baltic Waterway to the Rybinsk Reservoir before joining the classical boundary along the Volga and Don rivers.[18][19]

text: Modern definition[edit]

text: The modern border between Asia and Europe remains a historical and cultural construct, defined only by convention. The modern border follows the Aegean Sea, the Dardanelles-Sea of Marmara-Bosphorus (together known as the Turkish Straits), the Black Sea, along the watershed of the Greater Caucasus, the northwestern portion of the Caspian Sea and along the Ural River and Ural Mountains to the Kara Sea, as mapped and listed in most atlases including that of the National Geographic Society and as described in the World Factbook.[20][21] According to this definition, Georgia and Azerbaijan both have most of their territory in Asia, although each has small parts of their northern borderlands north of the Greater Caucasus watershed and thus in Europe.[22]

text: Though most geographic sources assign the area south of the Caucasus Mountain crest to Southwest or West Asia,[23] no definition is entirely satisfactory, with it often becoming a matter of self-identification. Cultural influences in the area originate from both Asia and Europe. While geographers rarely define continents primarily politically, Georgia and to a lesser extent Armenia and Azerbaijan are increasingly in the 21st century politically oriented towards Europe, but Armenia has a great cultural diaspora to the south, and Azerbaijan shares a cultural affinity with Iranian Azerbaijan as well as with the Turkic countries of Central Asia.[24]

text: The Turkish city Istanbul lies in on both sides of the Bosporus (one of the Turkish Straits), making it a transcontinental city. Russia and Turkey are transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia by any definition except that of Eurasia as a single continent. While Russia is historically a European country with a history of imperial conquests in Asia, the situation for Turkey is inverse, as that of an Asian country with imperial conquests in Europe. Kazakhstan is also a transcontinental country by this definition, its West Kazakhstan and Atyrau provinces extending on either side of the Ural River.[25]

text: This Ural River delineation is the only segment not to follow a major mountain range or wide water body, both of which often truly separate populations. However, the Ural River is the most common division used by authorities,[20][25][26] is the most prominent natural feature in the region, and is the "most satisfactory of those (options) proposed"[27] which include the Emba River, a much smaller stream cutting further into Central Asian Kazakhstan. The Ural River bridge in Orenburg is even labeled with permanent monuments carved with the word "Europe" on one side, "Asia" on the other.[28]

text: The Kuma–Manych Depression (more precisely, the Manych River, the Kuma–Manych Canal and the Kuma River) remains cited less commonly as one possible natural boundary in contemporary sources.[29] This definition peaked in prominence in the 1800s, however it has declined in usage since then, as it places traditionally European areas of Russia such as Stavropol, Krasnodar, and even areas just south of Rostov-on-Don in Asia.

text: A lesser known definition for country grouping, is the definition used for statistical purposes by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD):[30]

text:
listed as part of Eastern Europe: Russian Federation
listed as part of Central Asia: Kazakhstan
listed as part of Western Asia: Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey

text: According to UNSD, the aforementioned "assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories".[31] Furthermore, the UNSD classification often differs from those of other United Nations organizations. For instance, while UNSD includes Georgia and Cyprus in Western Asia, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and UNESCO include both countries in Europe.[32][33]

text: The Council of Europe includes the Eurasian countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Russia and Turkey. It notes that "two Council of Europe member States, Turkey and Russia, belong geographically to both Europe and Asia and are therefore Eurasian. Strictly speaking, the three South Caucasus States, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia are located in Asia, yet their membership (in) political Europe is no longer in doubt." [34] Although not a member, Eurasian Kazakhstan is granted the right to request membership. [35]

text: Islands[edit]

text: Cyprus is an island of the Mediterranean located close to Asia Minor, so that it is usually associated with Asia and/or the Middle East, as in the World Factbook and the United Nations geoscheme, but the Republic of Cyprus was nevertheless admitted to the Council of Europe in 1961 and joined the EU in 2004. The northern part of the island functions as the unrecognized (except by Turkey) Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

text: The Greek North Aegean Islands and the Dodecanese lie on the coast of the Asian part of Turkey (on the Asian continental shelf).

text: Europe and North America[edit]

text: Europe and North America are separated by the North Atlantic. In terms of associating islands with either continent, the boundary is usually drawn between Greenland and Iceland. The Norwegian islands of Jan Mayen and Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean are usually associated with Europe. Iceland and the Azores are protrusions of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and are associated with and peopled from Europe, even though they have areas on the North American Plate. (Definitions of "continents" are a physical and cultural construct dating back centuries, long before the advent or even knowledge of plate tectonics; thus, defining a "continent" falls into the realm of physical and cultural geography, while continental plate definitions fall under plate tectonics in the realm of geology.)

text: Islands[edit]

text: The geographical notion of a continent stands in opposition to islands and archipelagos.[36] Nevertheless, there are some islands that are considered part of Europe in a political sense. This most notably includes the British Isles (part of the European continental shelf and during the Ice Age of the continent itself), besides the islands of the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean which are part of the territory of a country situated on the European mainland, and usually also the island states of Iceland and Malta.

text: Russia's Vaygach Island and Novaya Zemlya extend northward from the northern end of the Ural Mountains and are a continuation of that chain into the Arctic Ocean. While Novaya Zemlya was variously grouped with Europe or with Asia in 19th-century maps it is now usually grouped with Europe, the continental boundary considered to join the Arctic Ocean along the southern shore of the Kara Sea. The Russian Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land farther north is also associated with Europe.

text: Europe ends in the west at the Atlantic Ocean, although Iceland and the Azores archipelago (in the Atlantic, between Europe and North America) are usually considered European, as is the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Greenland is geographically part of North America, but politically associated with Europe as it is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, although it has extensive home rule and EU law no longer applies there.

text: Africa and Asia[edit]

text: Historically, in Greco-Roman geography, Africa (Libya) was taken to begin in Marmarica, at the Catabathmus Magnus, placing Egypt in Asia entirely. The idea of Egypt being an "African" country seems to develop in around the mid-19th century;[citation needed] the term Africa was classically reserved for what is now known as the Maghreb, to the explicit exclusion of Egypt, but with the exploration of Africa the shape of the African landmass (and Egypt's "natural" inclusion in that landmass) became apparent. In 1806, William George Browne still titled his travelogue Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria. Similarly, James Bruce in 1835 published Travels through part of Africa, Syria, Egypt, and Arabia. On the other hand, as early as 1670 John Ogilby under the title Africa published "an accurate Description of the Regions of Egypt, Barbary, Libya, and Billedulgerid, the Land of Negroes, Guinea, Æthiopia, and the Abyssines, with all the adjacent Islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, Southern, or Oriental Seas, belonging thereunto".

text: The usual line taken to divide Africa from Asia today is at the Isthmus of Suez, the narrowest gap between the Mediterranean and Gulf of Suez, the route today followed by the Suez Canal. This makes the Sinai Peninsula geographically Asian, and Egypt a transcontinental country.

text: Less than 2% of Egyptian population live in the Sinai, and hence Egypt even though technically transcontinental is usually considered an African country. But when discussing the geopolitical region of the Middle East and North Africa, Egypt is usually grouped with the Asian countries as part of the Middle East, while Egypt's western neighbor Libya is grouped with the remaining North African countries as the Maghreb.

text: The Seychelles, Mauritius, and Comoros are island nations in the Indian Ocean associated with Africa. The island of Socotra may be considered African as it lies on this continent's shelf, but is part of Yemen, an Asian country.

text: North and South America[edit]

text: Mainland[edit]

text: The border between North America and South America is at some point on the Isthmus of Panama. The most common demarcation in atlases and other sources follows the Darién Mountains watershed divide along the Colombia-Panama border where the isthmus meets the South American continent. Virtually all atlases list Panama as a state falling entirely within North America and/or Central America.[37]

text: Islands[edit]

text: Often most of the Caribbean islands are considered part of North America, but Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao and Trinidad and Tobago lie on the continental shelf of South America. On the other hand, the Venezuelan Isla Aves and the Colombian San Andrés and Providencia lie on the North American shelf.

text: Asia and North America[edit]

text: The Bering Strait and Bering Sea separate the landmasses of Asia and North America, as well as forming the international boundary between Russia and the United States. This national and continental boundary separates the Diomede Islands in the Bering Strait, with Big Diomede in Russia and Little Diomede in the US. The Aleutian Islands are an island chain extending westward from the Alaska Peninsula toward Russia's Komandorski Islands and Kamchatka Peninsula. Most of them are always associated with North America, except for the westernmost Near Islands group, which is on Asia's continental shelf beyond the North Aleutians Basin and on rare occasions could be associated with Asia, which could then allow the U.S. state of Alaska to be considered a transcontinental state.

text: St. Lawrence Island in the northern Bering Sea belongs to Alaska and may be associated with either continent but is almost always considered part of North America, as with the Rat Islands in the Aleutian chain. At their nearest points, Alaska and Russia are separated by only 4 kilometres (2.5 miles).

text: The Americas and Oceania[edit]

text: The Galápagos Islands and Malpelo Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean are possessions of Ecuador and Colombia, respectively, and associated with South America. The uninhabited French possession of Clipperton Island 1,000 kilometres (600 miles) off the Mexican coast is associated with North America.

text: Easter Island, a territory of Chile, is considered to be in Oceania, though politically it is associated with South America.

text: The United States controls numerous territories in Oceania, including the state of Hawaii.

text: Asia and Oceania[edit]

text: The Malay Archipelago is sometimes divided between Asia and Australasia, usually along the anthropologic Melanesian line or Weber's Line. Indonesia controls the western half of New Guinea, geographically part of Australasia. The eastern half of the island is part of Papua New Guinea which is considered to be part of the Oceania. Indonesia is commonly referred to as one of the Southeast Asian countries. East Timor, an independent state that was formerly a territory of Indonesia, which is geographically part of Asia, is classified by the United Nations as part of the "South-Eastern Asia" block. It is expected to join the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,[38] having been involved as an ASEAN Regional Forum member since independence, and has participated in the Southeast Asian Games since 2003. Occasionally, all of the Malay Archipelago is included in Oceania, although this is extremely rare, especially as most of the archipelago lies on the Asian continental shelf.

text: The Commonwealth of Australia includes island possessions in Oceania and islands closer to Indonesia than the Australian mainland.

text: Antarctica[edit]

text: Antarctica along with its outlying islands have no permanent population. All land claims south of 60°S latitude are held in abeyance by the Antarctic Treaty System.

text: The South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are closer to Antarctica than to any other continent. However, they are politically associated with the inhabited Falkland Islands which are closer to South America. Furthermore, Argentina, a South American country, maintains its irredentist claims on the islands. The continental shelf boundary separates the two island groups.

text: The Prince Edward Islands are located between Africa and Antarctica, and are the territory of South Africa, an African country. The Australian Macquarie Island and the New Zealand Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, and Campbell Islands, are all located between the Oceanian countries of Australia and New Zealand and Antarctica.

text: Australia's Heard Island and McDonald Islands and the French Kerguelen Islands are located on the Kerguelen Plateau, on the Antarctic continental plate. The French Crozet Islands, Île Amsterdam, Île Saint-Paul, and the Norwegian Bouvet Island are also located on the Antarctic continental plate, and are not often associated with other continents.