document_title: Justice League (film)

question_text: who plays batman in the justice league movie

text: Justice League (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Thousands of years ago, Steppenwolf and his legions of Parademons attempted to take over Earth with the combined energies of three Mother Boxes. They were foiled by a unified army that includes the Olympian Gods, Amazons, Atlanteans, mankind, and the Green Lantern Corps. After repelling Steppenwolf's army, the Mother Boxes were separated and hidden in locations on the planet. In the present, mankind is in mourning over Superman, whose death triggers the Mother Boxes to reactivate and Steppenwolf's return to Earth in an effort to regain favor with his master, Darkseid. Steppenwolf aims to gather the artifacts to form "The Unity", which will destroy Earth's ecology and terraform it in the image of Steppenwolf's homeworld.

text: Steppenwolf retrieves the Mother Box from Themyscira, prompting Queen Hippolyta to warn her daughter Diana of Steppenwolf's return. Diana joins Bruce Wayne in his attempt to unite other metahumans to their cause, with Wayne going after Arthur Curry and Barry Allen, while Diana tries to locate Victor Stone. Wayne fails to persuade Curry, but manages to recruit an enthusiastic Allen onto the team. Although Diana fails to convince Stone to join, he agrees to help them locate the threat if he discovers their location. Stone later joins the team after his father Silas, along with several other S.T.A.R. Labs employees, is kidnapped by Steppenwolf seeking to acquire the Mother Box from mankind.

text: Steppenwolf attacks Atlantis to retrieve the next Mother Box, forcing Curry into action. The team receives intel from Commissioner James Gordon leading them to Steppenwolf's army, based in an abandoned facility under Gotham Harbor. Although the group manages to rescue the kidnapped employees, the facility is flooded during combat, which traps the team until Curry helps delay the flood so they can escape. Stone retrieves the last Mother Box, which he had hidden, for the group to analyze. Stone reveals that his father used the Mother Box to rebuild Stone's body after an accident almost cost him his life. Facing overwhelming odds against Steppenwolf's army, Wayne decides to use the Mother Box to resurrect Superman, not only to help them fight off Steppenwolf's invasion, but also to restore hope to mankind. Diana and Curry are hesitant about the idea, but Wayne forms a secret contingency plan in case Superman returns as hostile.

text: Clark Kent's body is exhumed and placed in the amniotic fluid of the genesis chamber of the Kryptonian ship alongside the Mother Box, which in turn activates and successfully resurrects Superman. However, Superman's memories have not returned, and he attacks the group after Stone accidentally launches a projectile at him. On the verge of being killed by Superman, Batman enacts his contingency plan: Lois Lane. Superman calms down and leaves with Lane to his family home in Smallville, where he reflects and his memories slowly come back. In the turmoil, the last Mother Box is left unguarded, and Steppenwolf retrieves it with ease. Without Superman to aid them, the five heroes travel to a village in Russia where Steppenwolf aims to unite the Mother Boxes once again and remake Earth. The team fights their way through the Parademons to reach Steppenwolf, although they are unable to distract him enough for Stone to separate the Mother boxes. Superman arrives and assists Allen in evacuating the city, as well as Stone in separating the Mother Boxes. The team defeats Steppenwolf, who, overcome with fear, is attacked by his own Parademons before they all teleport away.

text: In the aftermath of the battle, Bruce and Diana agree to set up a base of operations for the team, with room for more members. Diana steps back into the public spotlight as a hero; Barry acquires a job in Central City's police department, impressing his father; Victor continues to explore and enhance his abilities with his father in S.T.A.R. Labs; Arthur returns to Atlantis; and Superman resumes his life as reporter Clark Kent. In a mid-credits scene, Barry and Clark compete in a race to the Pacific coast to see who is faster. In a post-credits scene, Lex Luthor puts a decoy in his place and escapes from Arkham Asylum, and then recruits Slade Wilson to form their own league.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman:
A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.
Henry Cavill as Clark Kent / Superman:
A member of, and inspiration for, the Justice League, a Kryptonian survivor, and a journalist for the Daily Planet based in Metropolis.
Amy Adams as Lois Lane:
An undaunted and compassionate award-winning journalist for the Daily Planet and the love interest for Kent.[8]
Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman:
An antiquities dealer, acquaintance of Wayne, and an immortal Amazonian warrior, who is the crown princess of Themyscira and daughter of Hippolyta and Zeus. She is endowed with metahuman attributes and abilities inherited from her parents.
Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash:
A Central City University student, who can move at superhuman speeds with his ability to tap into the Speed Force.
Jason Momoa as Arthur Curry / Aquaman:
The heir to the throne of the undersea nation of Atlantis.[9] His metahuman aquatic abilities and physical attributes originate from his Atlantean physiology.
Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg:
A former college athlete who, after being cybernetically reconstructed after a nearly fatal car accident, is turned into a techno-organic being enhanced by reactive, adaptive biomimetic alien technology. His enhancements include the abilities of flight, variable weaponry and technopathy. Fisher portrays the character through the use of motion capture for the cybernetic portion of his body.[10]
Jeremy Irons as Alfred Pennyworth: Wayne's butler, chief of security, and trusted confidant.[11]
Diane Lane as Martha Kent: Kent's adoptive mother.[8]
Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta: Diana's mother and Queen of the Amazons.[8]
J. K. Simmons as James Gordon: The Commissioner of the Gotham City Police Department, and close ally of Batman.[8]
Ciarán Hinds as the voice of Steppenwolf: An alien military officer from Apokolips who leads an army of Parademons and is searching for the three Mother Boxes held on Earth. The character is described as "old, tired" and trying to find a way to escape his role of servitude under Darkseid.[12] Hinds portrayed the villain through use of motion capture and received some advice in the process from Liam Neeson, who had recently done similar work in A Monster Calls.[13]

text: The Olympian Old Gods Zeus, Ares and Artemis are portrayed by fitness model Sergi Constance, stuntman Nick McKinless, and MMA fighter Aurore Lauzeral, respectively.[14][15] All three were required to reach a specific degree of physicality, with Snyder instructing McKinless to sport "veins like worms and paper thin skin". In the finished film, McKinless' face was replaced with David Thewlis's face, and Thewlis received the credit as Ares.[14] Robin Wright reprises her role as Antiope during a flashback sequence. Amber Heard portrays the Atlantean Mera.[8] During a scene depicting Steppenwolf's first invasion of Earth, Julian Lewis Jones appears as King Atlan, while Francis Magee portrays King Arthur Pendragon, credited as ancient king of Atlantis and ancient king of men, respectively.[16][17] Joe Morton reprises his role as Silas Stone, Victor Stone's father and S.T.A.R. Labs' head while Billy Crudup appears as Henry Allen, Barry Allen's father. Joe Manganiello and Jesse Eisenberg appear uncredited in a post-credits scene as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke and Lex Luthor, respectively.[18] Michael McElhatton appears as the leader of a group of terrorists who clash with Wonder Woman early in the film,[19] while Holt McCallany makes an uncredited appearance as a burglar.[20] Marc McClure, who portrayed Jimmy Olsen in the Christopher Reeve Superman film series, has a cameo as a police officer.[21] An unidentified Green Lantern appears at the beginning of the film, created by use of CGI and embodied by an uncredited actor. Willem Dafoe and Kiersey Clemons filmed scenes as Nuidis Vulko and Iris West, respectively, although their roles were cut from the final film. Both actors are signed for multiple films and will appear in future installments of the franchise, Aquaman and Flashpoint, respectively.[22][23] Early in production, a scene depicting Green Lanterns Kilowog and Tomar-Re visiting Batman was filmed as another post-credits scene, further teasing Green Lantern Corps. The scene was later scrapped.[24]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In February 2007, it was announced that Warner Bros. had hired husband and wife duo Michele and Kieran Mulroney to write a script for a Justice League film.[25] The news came around the same time that Joss Whedon's long-developed Wonder Woman film was cancelled,[26] as well as The Flash, written and directed by David S. Goyer.[27] Reportedly titled Justice League: Mortal,[28] Michele and Kiernan Mulroney submitted their script to Warner Bros. in June 2007, receiving positive feedback,[29] which prompted the studio to immediately fast track production in the hope of beginning filming before the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[30] Warner Bros. was less willing to proceed with development of a sequel to Superman Returns, having been disappointed with its box office. Brandon Routh was not approached to reprise the role of Superman in Justice League: Mortal,[31] nor was Christian Bale from Batman Begins.[32] Warner Bros. intended for Justice League: Mortal to be the start of a new film franchise, and to branch out into separate sequels and spin-offs.[33] Shortly after filming The Dark Knight,[34] Bale stated in an interview that "It'd be better if it doesn't tread on the toes of what our Batman series is doing," and felt it would make more sense for Warner Bros. to release the film after The Dark Knight Rises.[32] Jason Reitman was the original choice to direct Justice League, but he turned it down, as he considers himself an independent filmmaker and prefers to stay out of big budget superhero films.[35] George Miller signed to direct in September 2007,[30] with Barrie Osbourne producing[36] on a projected $220 million budget.[37]

text: The following month, roughly 40 actors and actresses auditioned for the ensemble superhero roles, among them Joseph Cross, Michael Angarano, Max Thieriot, Minka Kelly, Adrianne Palicki and Scott Porter. Miller had intended to cast younger actors, as he wanted them to "grow" into their roles over the course of several films.[34] D. J. Cotrona was cast as Superman,[33] along with Armie Hammer as Batman.[38] Jessica Biel reportedly declined to play Wonder Woman role after negotiations.[39] The character was also linked to actresses Teresa Palmer and Shannyn Sossamon, along with Mary Elizabeth Winstead, who confirmed that she had auditioned.[40] Ultimately, Megan Gale was cast as Wonder Woman,[41] while Palmer was cast as Talia al Ghul, whom Miller had in mind to act with a Russian accent.[42] The script for Justice League: Mortal would have featured John Stewart as Green Lantern, a role originally offered to Columbus Short.[43] Hip hop recording artist and rapper Common was cast,[44] with Adam Brody as Barry Allen / Flash,[45] and Jay Baruchel as the lead villain, Maxwell Lord.[46] Longtime Miller collaborator Hugh Keays-Byrne had been cast in an unnamed role, rumored to be Martian Manhunter. Santiago Cabrera was eventually revealed to be Aquaman after the film was cancelled.[47] Marit Allen was hired as the original costume designer before her untimely death in November 2007,[48] and the responsibilities were assumed by Weta Workshop.[49]

text: However, the writers strike began that same month and placed the film on hold. Warner Bros. had to let the options lapse for the cast,[50] but development was fast tracked once more in February 2008 when the strike ended. Warner Bros. and Miller wanted to start filming immediately,[51] but production was pushed back three months.[33] Originally, the majority of Justice League: Mortal was to be shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney,[37] with other locations scouted nearby at local colleges,[36] and Sydney Heads doubling for Happy Harbor.[28] The Australian Film Commission had a say with casting choices, giving way for George Miller to cast Gale, Palmer and Keays-Bryne, all Australian natives. The production crew was composed entirely of Australians, but the Australian government denied Warner Bros. a 40 percent tax rebate as they felt they had not hired enough Australian actors.[37][52] Miller was frustrated, stating that "A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for the Australian film industry is being frittered away because of very lazy thinking. They're throwing away hundreds of millions of dollars of investment that the rest of the world is competing for and, much more significantly, highly skilled creative jobs."[53] Production offices were then moved to Vancouver Film Studios in Canada. Filming was pushed back to July 2008, while Warner Bros was still confident they could produce the film for a summer 2009 release.[54][55]

text: With production delays continuing, and the success of The Dark Knight in July 2008,[56] Warner Bros. decided to focus on the development of individual films featuring the main heroes, allowing director Christopher Nolan to separately complete his Batman trilogy with The Dark Knight Rises in 2012. Gregory Noveck, senior vice president of creative affairs for DC Entertainment, stated, "we're going to make a Justice League movie, whether it's now or 10 years from now. But we're not going to do it and Warners is not going to do it until we know it's right."[57] Actor Adam Brody joked "They [Warner Brothers] just didn't want to cross their streams with a whole bunch of Batmans in the universe."[58] Warner Bros. relaunched development for a solo Green Lantern film, released in 2011 as a critical and financial disappointment. Meanwhile, film adaptations for The Flash and Wonder Woman continued to languish in development, while filming for a Superman reboot commenced in 2011 with Man of Steel, produced by Nolan and written by Batman screenwriter David S. Goyer. Shortly after filming on Man of Steel was complete, Warner Bros hired Will Beall to write the script for a new Justice League film.[59] Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov explained that Man of Steel would be "setting the tone for what the movies are going to be like going forward. In that, it's definitely a first step."[60] The film included references to the existence of other superheroes in the DC Universe,[61] and set the tone for a shared fictional universe of DC Comics characters on film.[62] Goyer stated that should Green Lantern appear in a future installment, it would be a rebooted version of the character, unconnected to the 2011 film.[63]

text: With the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a sequel, as well as a new Justice League, with the Beall draft being scrapped.[64] The sequel was later revealed to be Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a team-up film featuring Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as The Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg, the latter three in minor roles that became more significant in the Justice League film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on The Dark Knight trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for Batman v Superman.[65] In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's Justice League script.[66] Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[67] On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with Part One on November 17, 2017, and Part Two on June 14, 2019. Snyder was set to direct both films.[68] In early July 2015, EW revealed that the script for Justice League Part One had been completed by Terrio.[69] Zack Snyder stated that the film would be inspired by the New Gods comic series by Jack Kirby.[70] Although Justice League was initially announced as a two-part film, with the second part set for release two years after the first, Snyder stated in June 2016 that they would be two distinct, separate films and not one film split into two parts, both being stand-alone stories.[71][72]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In April 2014, Ray Fisher was cast as Victor Stone / Cyborg. He first cameoed in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, followed by a larger role in Justice League.[73][74] Henry Cavill, Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Diane Lane and Amy Adams also reprised their roles from Batman v Superman.[68][75] In October 2014, Jason Momoa was cast as Arthur Curry / Aquaman and debuted as the character in Dawn of Justice.[76][77] On October 20, 2014, Momoa told ComicBook.com that the Justice League film would be released first, and that is what they were preparing for. He thought the solo Aquaman film may be Aquaman's origin story.[78] On January 13, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Amber Heard was in negotiations to appear in the film as Aquaman's love interest Mera.[79] In March 2016, producer Charles Roven said that Green Lantern would not appear in any film before Justice League Part Two, and stated that they "could put Green Lantern in some introduction in Justice League 2, or barring that, a movie after."[80] Also in March, The Hollywood Reporter announced that J. K. Simmons had been cast as Commissioner James Gordon,[81] and Heard was confirmed to join the cast as Mera.[82] Adams also confirmed that she would reprise her role as Lois Lane in both Justice League films.[83][84] By April 2016, Willem Dafoe had been cast in an undisclosed role,[85] later revealed to be Nuidis Vulko,[86] while Cavill confirmed that he would return for both Justice League films.[87] In May 2016, Jeremy Irons confirmed he would appear as Alfred Pennyworth.[11] That same month, Jesse Eisenberg stated that he would reprise his role as Lex Luthor, and in June 2016, confirmed his return in an interview with Shortlist magazine.[88][89] In July 2016, Julian Lewis Jones was cast in an undisclosed role, later revealed to be Atlan, the king of Atlantis.[16] Laurence Fishburne, who portrays Perry White in the DCEU, said he declined to reprise his role in the film due to scheduling conflicts.[90] In April 2017, Michael McElhatton revealed that he had a role in Justice League, which was later revealed to be a bank robber who faces off against Wonder Woman.[19]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography commenced on April 11, 2016, with shooting taking place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, as well as various locations around London and Scotland. Additional filming took place in Chicago, Illinois, Los Angeles, and Djúpavík, in the Westfjords[91] of Iceland.[85][92][93] The old herring factory in Djúpavík was one Iceland filming location (Ben Affleck appeared to be standing near the herring oil tanks in the "Heroes" trailer). Snyder's longtime cinematographer Larry Fong was replaced by Fabian Wagner due to scheduling conflicts.[93] Affleck also served as executive producer.[94] In May 2016, it was revealed that Geoff Johns and Jon Berg would produce the Justice League films, and would also be in charge of the DC Extended Universe, after the largely negative critical reception of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[95] The same month, Irons stated that the Justice League storyline would be more linear and simple, compared to the theatrical version of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[96] Johns confirmed on June 3, 2016 that the title of the film is Justice League,[97] and later stated that the film would be "hopeful and optimistic" in comparison to previous DCEU films.[98] Filming wrapped in October 2016.[99][100][101]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In May 2017, Snyder stepped down during post-production of the film to properly deal with the death of his daughter. Joss Whedon, whom Snyder had previously brought on to rewrite some additional scenes, took over to handle post-production duties in Snyder's place.[102] In July 2017, it was announced the film was undergoing two months of reshoots in London and Los Angeles, with Warner Bros. putting about $25 million into them (more than the typical $6–10 million additional filming costs).[103] The reshoots coincided with Cavill's schedule for Mission: Impossible – Fallout, for which he had grown a moustache which he was contracted to keep while filming, so Justice League's VFX team used special effects to digitally remove the moustache in post-production.[104] Warner Bros. later announced that Whedon would receive a screenwriting credit on the film alongside Chris Terrio.[105]

text: Music[edit]

text: In March 2016, Hans Zimmer, who co-composed the score for Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, stated that he had officially retired from the "superhero business".[106] Junkie XL, who wrote and composed the soundtrack of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with Zimmer, was originally scoring the film.[107] In June 2017, Danny Elfman was announced to have replaced Junkie XL.[108] Elfman had previously composed the films Batman and Batman Returns, and the theme music for Batman: The Animated Series. Elfman confirmed that he would use the Batman theme music from the 1989 film for Batman in the film, and would also briefly use John Williams' Superman theme during "a dark, twisted moment" in the film.[109][110] The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's "Everybody Knows" performed by Sigrid, "Icky Thump" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' "Come Together" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL.[111]

text: Release[edit]

text: Justice League held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America in standard, RealD 3D and IMAX on November 17, 2017.[112] Justice League was released on Digital HD on February 13, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018.[113]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Justice League grossed $229 million in the United States and Canada, and $428.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $657.9 million, against a production budget of $300 million.[3] It had a worldwide opening of $278.8 million, the 24th biggest of all-time.[114][115] The estimated gross worldwide the film would have had to make in order to break even was around $750 million, and Deadline Hollywood estimated it ended up losing the studio about $60 million.[116][5]

text: In the United States and Canada, industry tracking initially forecast the film debuting to $110–120 million from 4,051 theaters (including 400 IMAX screens).[117] It made $13 million from Thursday night previews, up from the $11 million made by Wonder Woman the previous June.[118] However, after making $38.8 million on its first day (including Thursday previews), weekend projections were lowered to $95 million. It ended up debuting to $93.8 million, down 45% from Batman v Superman's opening of $166 million, and being the first film of the DCEU to open under $100 million. Deadline.com attributed the low figure to lukewarm audience reaction to the film and most of its predecessors, as well as poor critical reception, and partly Warner-owned[not in citation given] film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes not posting their aggregated score until the day before release, causing speculation and doubt from filmgoers.[119] In its second weekend, the film dropped 56% to $41.1 million, finishing second at the box office, behind newcomer Coco.[120] It was the second-best second weekend hold of the DCEU, behind Wonder Woman's 43%, but the lowest overall gross.[121] In its third week it again finished second behind Coco, grossing $16.7 million.[122]

text: Internationally, the film was projected to debut to $215–235 million for a worldwide opening of $325–355 million.[123] It made $8.5 million on its first day from nine countries, including South Korea, France and Brazil.[118] It ended up having a $185 million international debut from 65 countries, including $57.1 million from China, $9.8 million from the United Kingdom, $9.6 million from Mexico and $8.8 million from South Korea. The film broke a record in the Philippines with a debut of $1.12M (PHP 57.3M), making it the biggest industry opening day for a film there in 2017.[124] In Brazil, the film opened to $14.2 million, the biggest opening in the country's history.[114] Outside North America, the films largest markets were China ($106 million), Brazil ($41 million), Mexico ($24.8 million), and United Kingdom ($24 million).[125]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Justice League received praise for its action sequences and performances (primarily Gadot and Miller) but criticism for the writing, pacing and CGI, as well as the plot (regarded as thin), and the villain (regarded as underdeveloped).[126] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 40%, based on 313 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Justice League leaps over a number of DC movies, but its single bound isn't enough to shed the murky aesthetic, thin characters, and chaotic action that continue to dog the franchise."[127] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 45 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[128] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 85% overall positive score (average 4 out of 5 stars) and a 69% "definite recommend".[119][129]

text: Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast, especially Gadot, and saying "It's a putting-the-band-together origins movie, executed with great fun and energy."[130] Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review and wrote, "Justice League... has been conceived, in each and every frame, to correct the sins of Batman v Superman. It's not just a sequel—it's an act of franchise penance. The movie... is never messy or bombastic. It's light and clean and simple (at times almost too simple), with razory repartee and combat duels that make a point of not going on for too long."[131]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast but criticizing the action sequences and writing, saying: "The scenes of the League members together, bickering and bonding, spike the film with humor and genuine feeling, creating a rooting interest in the audience. Without it, the film would crumble."[132] Conversely, Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter, while praising Gadot and Miller, called the film visually ugly and boring, saying, "Fatigue, repetition and a laborious approach to exposition are the keynotes of this affair, which is also notable for how Ben Affleck, donning the bat suit for the second time, looks like he'd rather be almost anywhere else but here."[133]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film's poster was nominated for "Best Action Poster" by the Golden Trailer Awards in June 2017.[134] In December 2017, Ezra Miller was nominated for "Best Comedic Performance" for his role as Barry Allen by the San Diego Film Critics Society.[135] Justice League was nominated for "Most Disappointing Film" by the Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Awards, and it was tied in second place with The Dark Tower.[136]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A sequel was scheduled to be released in June 2019,[68] but has since been delayed to accommodate the release for a standalone Batman film.[137] By March 2017, producer Charles Roven announced that Zack Snyder would return as director.[138] In October 2017, J. K. Simmons stated that the studio is working on a sequel script, alongside The Batman.[139] Shortly after the release of Justice League, Henry Cavill stated that he is under contract with Warner Bros. to play Superman for one more film.[140]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that there were "no immediate plans" for Zack Snyder to direct a Justice League sequel, or any other DC films, with Snyder instead being relegated to an executive producer position. This comes after a reshuffling of film production staff at Warner Bros. due to the film's financial performance.[141]


document_title: Jatayu

question_text: who tried to stop ravana from kidnapping sita

root

text: Jatayu

text: History of Jatayu[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: In the epic Ramayana when Jatayu sees Ravana abducting Sita, he tries to rescue Sita from Ravana. Jatayu fought valiantly with Ravana, but as he was very old Ravana soon got the better of him.

tag: p

text: As Rama and Lakshmana chanced upon the stricken and dying Jatayu in their search for Sita, he informs them of the fight between him and Ravana and tells them that he had gone south.

text: Jatayu and his brother Sampaati, when young, used to compete as to who could fly higher. On one such instance, Jatayu flew so high that he was about to get seared by the sun's flames. Sampati saved his brother by spreading his own wings and thus shielding Jatayu from the hot flames. In the process, Sampaati himself got injured and lost his wings. As a result, Sampaati lived wingless for the rest of his life.

text: While Jatayu was wounded and lying on the ground when Lord Rama arrived, Lord Rama sensed the end result and decided that Jatayu gets moksha. Jatayu consoles the distraught Rama and reassures Him that no harm will come to Sita and that very soon she will be restored to them. Rama is as much overwhelmed by grief as by a surging sense of affection and gratitude and embraces Jatayu. He asks Jatayu to be comfortable and blesses the bird. Rama says that the grief of seeing Jatayu pass away is greater than the loss of Sita. He considers Jatayu as equal to His father and proceeds to do the final rites for the bird. All along Rama had shown Himself as a human being in this avatar, but in this context He forgets Himself and by His Sankalpa and supremacy, Lord Rama then slammed an arrow into the ground so as to call all seven sacred rivers, called teertha. Six rivers waters arrived, one river water failing to obey Lord Rama's call. Since Lord Rama was himself an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, He forced the Gaya teertha to arrive at the spot.

text: Places related to Jatayu[edit]

text: According to the legend, it is believed that Jatayu fell on the rocks in Rameshwaram, India after his wings were chopped off by Ravana. Formerly, the place was called Jatayumangalam. This is the place which is mostly credited to the falling place of Jatayu since rocks there hold stricking carvings of Jatayu's beak mark during his last breath and footprints of Lord Rama. Lepakshi in Andhra Pradesh, India is also attributed to the place where Jatayu fell after being wounded by Ravana, and Ramarkal Mettu is the place where the last rites were performed. Rama is said to have commanded the bird to rise Le Pakshi, hence the name for that village.[1][2]

text: Jatayu Nature Park[edit]

text: Jatayu Earth’s Center or Jatayu Nature Park is a park and tourism centre at Chadayamangalam in Kollam district of Kerala. Designed by Rajiv Anchal, This rock-theme nature park is about 38 km (24 mi) away from Kollam and 46 km (29 mi) away from the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It is the first PPP tourism initiative in the state of Kerala under the BOT model.[3] When open, Jatayu Nature Park will hold the distinction of having the world’s largest bird sculpture (200 feet (61 m) long, 150 feet (46 m) broad, 70 feet (21 m) in height and having 15,000 square feet (1,400 m2) of floor area) of the great mythical bird Jatayu.


document_title: Fried Green Tomatoes

question_text: where does the movie fried green tomatoes take place

text: Fried Green Tomatoes

text: Plot[edit]

text: Evelyn Couch, a timid, unhappy housewife in her forties, meets elderly Ninny Threadgoode in an Anderson, Alabama, nursing home. Over several encounters with Evelyn, Ninny tells her the story of the now abandoned town of Whistle Stop, and the people who lived there. The film's subplot concerns Evelyn's dissatisfaction with her marriage, her life, her growing confidence, and her developing friendship with Ninny. The narrative switches several times between Ninny's story, which is set between World War I and World War II, and Evelyn's life in 1980s Birmingham.

text: Ninny's story begins with tomboy Idgie Threadgoode, the youngest of the Threadgoode children, whom Ninny describes as her sister-in-law. Idgie's close relationship with her charming older brother, Buddy, is cut short when he is hit by a train and killed. Devastated, she recedes from formal society for much of her childhood and adolescence until Buddy's former girlfriend, the straitlaced Ruth Jamison, intervenes at the request of the concerned Threadgoode family.

text: Idgie initially resists Ruth's attempts at friendship, but gradually a deep attachment develops between them. Ruth leaves Whistle Stop to marry Frank Bennett and moves to Valdosta, Georgia. Idgie tries to forget her but later visits her house to find her pregnant and subject to physical abuse from Frank. Against his wishes and violent attempts to stop her, she returns to Whistle Stop with Idgie, where her baby, a boy whom she names Buddy, Jr., is born. Papa Threadgoode gives Idgie money to start a business so she can care for Ruth and Buddy, Jr. She and Ruth open the Whistle Stop Cafe, employing the family cook, Sipsey, and her son, Big George, who excel with a barbecue that becomes popular with their patrons.

text: Frank eventually returns to Whistle Stop to kidnap Buddy, Jr., but his attempt is thwarted by an unseen assailant, and he is later reported missing. Once his truck appears at the bottom of a nearby drying lake without its owner, Idgie is immediately a suspect, as she had publicly threatened violence against him for beating Ruth. She is detained along with Big George for his murder by Grady Kilgore, the local sheriff, who offers to release her and pin the crime solely on Big George; she refuses to sacrifice him. During the subsequent trial, the local minister, Reverend Scroggins, has no problem lying, providing Idgie and Big George with sound alibi for the time of Frank's disappearance. Taking into account his reputation for getting drunk, the judge rules his death an accident and dismisses the case. Idgie and Big George are cleared of all charges.

text: After the trial, Ruth is diagnosed with cancer, becomes very ill, and eventually dies. Following her death, the café closes. Over time, many Whistle Stop residents eventually move away, bringing Ninny to the end of her story, but not before the revelation of what really happened to Frank. Sipsey killed him with a blow to the head with a heavy cast iron frying pan while trying to prevent him from kidnapping Buddy, Jr. Idgie got Big George to barbecue Frank's body, which was later served to an investigator from Georgia searching for him. The investigator ate with gusto, proclaiming his meal the best pork barbecue he'd ever tasted.

text: Evelyn discovers that during Ninny's temporary stay at the nursing home, her house was condemned and torn down. Evelyn, having become friends with her, offers her a room in her house which she accepts. As they walk away from the empty lot where her house used to be, they pass Ruth's grave, freshly adorned with a jar of honey, a honeycomb, and a card which reads, "I'll always love you, the Bee Charmer". The Bee Charmer is Ruth's old nickname for Idgie, and the note reveals that she is still alive.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Kathy Bates as Evelyn Couch
Mary Stuart Masterson & Nancy Moore Atchison as Imogene "Idgie" Threadgoode
Mary-Louise Parker as Ruth Jamison
Jessica Tandy as Ninny Threadgoode
Cicely Tyson as Sipsey
Chris O'Donnell as Buddy Threadgoode
Stan Shaw as Big George
Gailard Sartain as Ed Couch
Timothy Scott as Smokey Lonesome
Gary Basaraba as Grady Kilgore
Lois Smith as Mama Threadgoode
Danny Nelson as Papa Threadgoode
Jo Harvey Allen as Women's Awareness Teacher
Macon McCalman as Prosecutor
Richard Riehle as Reverend Scroggins
Raynor Scheine as Curtis Smoot
Grace Zabriskie as Eva Bates
Reid Binion as Young Julian
Nick Searcy as Frank Bennett
Constance Shulman as Missy

tag: ul

text: Differences between the film and novel[edit]

text: Unlike the novel, the film does not make the lesbian romance between the two central characters explicit, instead leaving the relationship between Idgie and Ruth ambiguous.[2] The DVD contains an audio commentary in which the director acknowledges the relationship and points out that a scene between Idgie and Ruth engaging in a food fight was intended to be seen as symbolic love-making. At the time of the film's debut, it was criticized by reviewers and activists for what was seen as "glossing over" the lesbian relationship.[2][3] However, it won an award from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation for best feature film with lesbian content.[4] It shows examples of discrimination against African Americans, women, and the disabled, but the novel's examination of sexuality-based prejudice through a robust lesbian plot, is made more ambiguous.[5]

text: Though in the book, Idgie and Ninny are two separate characters, at the end of the film it's largely hinted that they are one and the same, although this runs counter to Ninny's earlier comment that "I was practically adopted by the Threadgoodes; I married her [Idgie's] brother, Cleo".

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception and casting[edit]

text: Avnet first read the novel in 1987.[6] He was introduced to it by producer Lisa Lindstrom, with whom he worked on television films Heat Wave and Breaking Point. Although he wanted her to give him a synopsis of the story, she insisted he read the book and like her, he loved it. He decided to turn the story into a film and pitched the idea to Norman Lear's company, Act III Communications, who were interested and gave him a small budget for a screenwriter.[7] He hired Carol Sobieski who had written the screenplay for 1982's Annie. She wrote a draft for it as a musical, which he was unhappy with.[7] Sobieski left the project and he hired Flagg, who had been surprised that anyone would want to turn the novel into a film, to develop the script. Although she had some screenwriting experience, she found the process of turning her own novel into a script a strange one. The job was made somewhat easier by the work done by Sobieski and Avnet in choosing which characters from the book were going to be featured, but she found it difficult and also left the project, after writing 70 pages of the screenplay. With no money left to hire another writer, Avnet took the script over himself and spent the next 2–3 years developing it. Flagg gave her blessing to the final draft.[7]

text: Avnet wrote the film with Jessica Tandy in mind; she expressed excitement about making the film.[7] He had worked with Kathy Bates and Chris O'Donnell on the 1990 film Men Don't Leave before offering them the roles of Evelyn Couch and Buddy Threadgoode respectively.[6] When Bates read the script she loved the characters and was particularly keen to work with Tandy.[6] Mary-Louise Parker was casting director David Rubin's first choice for the role of Ruth Jamison. She read for the part several times, initially unhappy with her own tests. When she read along with Mary Stuart Masterson, they – and the producers – agreed that they had good chemistry.

text: Setting[edit]

text: Avnet hired Barbara Ling as production designer. Scouting for a location, she found Juliette, Georgia, a town that was, according to Avnet, nearly deserted.[7][8] The building chosen to be the Whistle Stop Café was formerly an antique and hardware store. It was redesigned as a cafe, with a horseshoe shaped counter to allow for optimal camera angles.[7]

text: After the release of the film, Juliette saw an influx of tourists and, with Jon Avnet's encouragement, locals opened the Whistle Stop Café, recreated to mirror the film set.[9] Although "Whistle Stop Café" is now a registered trademark, other establishments have appeared using that name.[10] While writing the novel, Flagg based Whistle Stop on Irondale, Alabama, and the café on a real-life restaurant, the Irondale Café.[8] She was a frequent visitor there which was formerly owned by her great-aunt.[11]

text: The scene where Idgie goes to collect honey from a beehive for Ruth was originally intended to be performed by a stunt double. However, after the latter backed out at the last minute, Masterson volunteered to do it herself. The footage of her covered in a swarm of live bees is seen in the final version of the film.[6]

text: The steam locomotive used in the film is A&WP 290, then in use pulling steam excursions for the New Georgia Railroad.[citation needed]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was given a limited release in the US on December 27, 1991, opening in five theaters.[12] It got a wide release four weeks later on January 24, 1992, in 673 theaters. It ran for 19 weeks in total, with its widest release having been 1,331 theaters.[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed a total of $82,418,501 in the United States alone, and took in $37,000,000 outside the US, bringing the total to $119,418,501 worldwide.[12] In its opening weekend it earned $105,317, and at its wide release opening weekend it earned $5,235,940, which was 6.4 percent of its total gross.[12] According to Box Office Mojo, it ranked at no. 11 for all films released in the US in 1991, and no. 5 for PG‑13 rated films released that year.[citation needed]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film was generally well received by critics. Film review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes gave it a "fresh" score of 73% based on 41 reviews.[13]

text: Critics enjoyed the narrative, but found it conventional and predictable.[3][14] The adaptation of the separate narrative of book to the screen was criticised by Time Out as "clumsy", Roger Ebert praised the performances, Janet Maslin praised the costume and production design and Emanuel Levy praised the cinematography and score.[3][15] The cast drew praise for their performances, particularly Masterson and Tandy.[3][15]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: The film was nominated at the 64th Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Jessica Tandy) and for Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium (Fannie Flagg and Carol Sobieski).[16]

text: At the 46th British Academy Film Awards in 1992, Tandy was nominated for the Best Actress award, and Bates was nominated as Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Both also received Golden Globe nominations for their work, and the film got a Best Picture (Comedy or Musical) nomination.[16] At the 28th Guldbagge Awards in Sweden, it was nominated for the Best Foreign Film award.[17]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

Evelyn Couch: "Face it girls, I'm older and I have more insurance." – Nominated[18]

2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[19]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Fried Green Tomatoes

Studio album by Various Artists

Released
December 31, 1991

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
39:24

Label
MCA

text: Fried Green Tomatoes: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the film, and featured a new song by Patti LaBelle. For the original score, composed by Thomas Newman, see Fried Green Tomatoes (score).

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"I'll Remember You" (Grayson Hugh) – 5:08
"What Becomes of the Brokenhearted" (Paul Young) – 4:34
"Cherish" (Hip Hop Version) (Jodeci) – 3:58
"Danger Heartbreak Dead Ahead" (Taylor Dayne) – 3:20
"Rooster Blues" (Peter Wolf) – 3:15
"Barbecue Bess" (Patti LaBelle) – 2:54
"If I Can Help Somebody" (Aaron Hall) – 3:49
"Cool Down Yonder" (Marion Williams) – 3:10
"Cherish" (Movie Version) (Jodeci) – 2:29
"Ghost Train" (Main Title) (Thomas Newman) – 3:11
"Visiting Ruth" (Newman) – 1:46
"A Charge To Keep I Have" (Newman) – 1:50

tag: ol


document_title: Vax (brand)

question_text: the name of the first ever vax that was sold in the uk

text: Vax (brand)

text: This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Vax UK Ltd is a brand that manufactures electrical goods and cleaning products in the floor-care and air treatment sectors, and which has its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The brand is owned by a company called TTI Co. Ltd Group, which is based in Hong Kong, China. Vax UK Ltd has its main headquarters and R&D centre located in the city centre of Birmingham, West Midlands and a service, warehouse and depot operation in the village of Hampton Lovett, near Droitwich, Worcestershire.[1][2]Vax branded machines are manufactured in China. Vax employs over 400 staff across its Birmingham and Droitwich sites in the UK.[3]

text: History[edit]

text: Vax UK Ltd was founded in December 1977 by Alan Brazier, who had prior experience in the field of industrial carpet cleaning. Brazier developed a prototype of a machine suitable for a household but capable of washing carpets and handling accident spillages or flooding. In 1979, Vax launched an "orange tub" multi-functional floor-care machine to fulfil this purpose and initially engaged with consumers by door-to-door sales of the device.[4] This product was a world first.[5]

text: Vax products were first offered for sale by high-street retailers in 1982, and the 111 Orange Tub model went on to become the best-selling vacuum cleaning product in the United Kingdom in 1987.[4]

text: In June 1990 Vax contracted James Dyson to produce an upright vacuum cleaner aimed at the British market. This deal involved a £75,000 licence. By July 1991, he had left the company to produce this product independently.[6]

text: In July 2010, Dyson attempted to bring legal action against Vax, over its Mach Zen vacuum cleaner, in the High Court for infringement of design patents.[7] However, in 2011 the UK Court of Appeal rejected this claim.[8]

text: In 2011, Student Placement Engineer Jake Tyler developed Vax ev, a working prototype of the world's first cardboard vacuum cleaner.[9] This product was featured across a number of tech and environmental online editorials including Gizmag[10] and TreeHugger,[11] and on the BBC Television series Bang Goes the Theory.[12] The cleaner is referenced as a key point in the history of Vacuum Cleaner development by the Best Cordless Vacuum Guide.[13]

text: In 2014 Vax diversified its product range from vacuums, carpet washers and steam cleaners to include pressure washers, air purifiers and de-humidifiers.[3] The following year Vax introduced a cordless vacuum cleaner with a lift-out cylinder design.[14]


document_title: List of Vice-Presidents of India

question_text: who was the first elected vice president of india

text: List of Vice-Presidents of India

text: List[edit]

text: The complete list of Vice-Presidents of India includes the persons sworn into the office as Vice-President of India, following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950. Some of whom later became presidents.[4]

text:
№
Name
(birth–death)
Portrait
Elected
(% votes)
Took office
Left office
Term (in years)
Notes
President(s)
Candidate of

1
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
(1888–1975)

1952
(Unopposed)

1957
(Unopposed)

13 May 1952
12 May 1962
10
Radhakrishnan was a prominent scholar. Besides being awarded the Bharat Ratna he also held the position of vice-chancellor in the Banaras Hindu University and the Andhra college. He served as the Vice-President for two terms.
Rajendra Prasad

Independent

2
Zakir Husain
(1897–1969)
—
1962
(97.59)
13 May 1962
12 May 1967
5

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Independent

3
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
(1894–1980)
—
1967
(71.45)
13 May 1967
3 May 1969
2

Zakir Husain

Independent

4
Gopal Swarup Pathak
(1896–1982)
—
1969
—
31 August 1969
30 August 1974
5

Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1969–1974)

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1974)

Independent

5
Basappa Danappa Jatti
(1912–2002)
—
1974
(78.70)
31 August 1974
30 August 1979
5

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1974–1977)

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1977–1979)

Indian National Congress

6
Mohammad Hidayatullah
(1905–1992)
—
1979
(Unopposed)
31 August 1979
30 August 1984
5

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1979–1982)

Giani Zail Singh (1982–1984)

Independent

7
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
(1910–2009)

1984
(71.05)
31 August 1984
24 July 1987
3

Giani Zail Singh

Indian National Congress

8
Shankar Dayal Sharma
(1918–1999)

1987
(Unopposed)
3 September 1987
24 July 1992
5

Ramaswamy Venkataraman

Indian National Congress

9
Kocheril Raman Narayanan
(1920–2005)

1992
(99.86)
21 August 1992
24 July 1997
5

Shankar Dayal Sharma

Indian National Congress

10
Krishan Kant
(1927–2002)
—
1997
(61.76)
21 August 1997
27 July 2002
4

Kocheril Raman Narayanan (1997–2002)

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (2002)

Janata Dal

11
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
(1923–2010)

2002
(59.82)
19 August 2002
21 July 2007
5

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Bharatiya Janata Party

12
Mohammad Hamid Ansari
(1937–)

2007
(60.51)

2012
(67.31)
11 August 2007
11 August 2017
10

Pratibha Patil (2007–2012)

Pranab Mukherjee (2012–2017)

Ram Nath Kovind (2017)

Indian National Congress

13
Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu
(1949–)

2017
(67.89)
11 August 2017
Incumbent
—

Ram Nath Kovind

Bharatiya Janata Party

text: † Died in office


document_title: Diane Chambers

question_text: when does diane leaves frasier at the altar

text: Diane Chambers

text: Role[edit]

text: Diane Chambers premiered in Cheers in 1982 as a college graduate who works as a cocktail waitress. Her mother is Helen (Glynis Johns), who appears in only an episode "Someone Single, Someone Blue" (1983), and her father Spencer died before the start of the series' narrative. She attended the private Bennington College[1] and studied for her graduate degree at Boston University. Diane suffers occasional facial tics and uses long-winded, poetic speeches and obscure words that often elude her audiences.[2] In the 1982 series pilot "Give Me a Ring Sometime", Diane arrives with her fiancé Sumner Sloane (Michael McGuire). When he abandons Diane at Cheers, she realizes that he will not return and takes a waitressing job at Cheers.[3] As a waitress, she gains a new nemesis Carla Tortelli (Rhea Perlman),[4] while she gains a new close friend Coach Ernie Pantusso (Nicholas Colasanto)[c 1] until his death offscreen before the fourth season begins.

text: Diane also has on-and-off relationships with womanizing bartender Sam Malone, who is her non-intellectual opposite.[3][5] When Sam and Diane end one of their relationships at the end of the second season,[6] she goes to a psychiatric hospital in the following season and meets its psychiatrist Frasier Crane, initially Sam's rival[7][8] who eventually becomes a regular character and then has his own spin-off.[8] At the end of the season, Diane leaves Boston to marry Frasier in Europe. However, at the start of the fourth season, she jilts Frasier at the wedding altar. In the fifth season, after Sam ended his relationship with politician Janet Eldridge (Kate Mulgrew), Sam cyclically proposes to Diane, who repeatedly rejects his proposals until she accepts one of his latest proposals in the episode "Chambers vs. Malone" (1987). In the season finale, "I Do, Adieu" (1987), when Diane is offered the chance to fulfill her dream of becoming a writer, Sam and Diane halt their wedding. Therefore, she leaves Boston, promising him that she will return to him for six months. However, in the series finale, "One for the Road" (1993), after six years of separation, Diane returns to him as the award-winning cable television writer. Both try to rekindle their romance for old times' sake and plan to leave Boston together for Los Angeles. However, they begin to reconsider their relationship and then amicably break it off. Therefore, Diane returns to Los Angeles without Sam.

text: Diane appears three times in the Cheers spin-off, Frasier. She appears as a dream figure from Frasier's mind in "Adventures In Paradise (Part 2)" (1994) and later again in "Don Juan In Hell" (2001). Diane visits Seattle in "The Show Where Diane Comes Back" (1996). In Los Angeles, she loses her job by accidentally setting Jane Seymour's hair on fire on the set of Dr. Quinn Medicine Woman. She also loses her friends, boyfriend, beach house, and financial support for her upcoming play, and travels to Seattle to ask Frasier for help. During a rehearsal of her play—inspired by her experiences at Cheers—Frasier becomes verbally angry with Diane's rose-tinted portrayal of herself and her inaccurate depiction of him. After the rehearsal, Diane reconciles with Frasier about abandoning him in Europe. Finally, she decides to postpone the play and to move back to Los Angeles.

text: Development[edit]

text: Creation and casting[edit]

text: According to Shelley Long, Diane looks more intelligent than she really is. She uses books and academics to communicate with others, usually unsuccessfully. After a series of events which bring her scorn and ridicule, Diane realizes that she knows little about the real world and the bar, and must learn about the world without using books.[4]

text: Wendie Malick auditioned for the role of Diane; she later appeared in Frasier as Ronny Lawrence.[9] Bess Armstrong was offered a role, but she turned it down.[10] Long, Lisa Eichhorn, and Julia Duffy were the producers' top three considerations for the role.[11] NBC executives praised test scenes between Long and Danson, so the creators chose Long.[12] Julia Duffy later appeared as one of Diane's friends in "Any Friend of Diane's", a 1982 episode of Cheers.

text: Diane is full of gumption and chutzpah, but quite frequently, she doesn't have the vaguest idea [about] what's going on. However, the producers are cooperative, [and] they have agreed Diane will change. One of my fears of television is 'Do I want to play the same character seven, eight, maybe 10 years?' But it wouldn't be that bad because Diane has a lot of room to grow and still be funny. It's because she cares so deeply.[13]

text: When the character was conceived, Diane was to be an executive businesswoman who would have a "love-hate" relationship with ex-baseball player Sam Malone (Ted Danson); their relationship was inspired by the romantic movies of Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn.[14] Instead, she became a pretentious college student. When Long left the series in 1987, the producers reverted to the original concept for Diane to use with Diane's replacement Rebecca Howe (Kirstie Alley).[15][16]

text: Off-screen pregnancy[edit]

text: In mid-1984, Shelley Long was married to stockbroker Bruce Tyson and was pregnant with his child. The press speculated that the storyline of Diane's love child would have either Sam or Frasier as its father.[17] However, the producers found the pregnancy idea undesirable and scrapped it. Instead, Diane became childless, and scenes of Diane and Frasier in Europe were filmed before Long's pregnancy manifested.[18][19] During the third season, Long was filmed from either above her waist or standing behind the bar to disguise her pregnancy. In March 1985, she gave birth to a baby girl.[20] Les Charles said that he felt, if her character was pregnant with Sam's child and did not marry Sam, she would be seen as unsympathetic, and he did not want the character to marry Sam because it would change the show into a domestic comedy.[21]

text: Departure[edit]

text: In December 1986, Long decided to leave Cheers for a movie career and family; she said that she and Danson had "done some really terrific work at Cheers".[22][23] Her decision was so surprising that it became national news and greatly worried the show's cast and crew, who believed that the Sam-Diane relationship was fundamental to Cheers' success.[24]

text: In February 1987, the creators decided to find a female lead replacement who did not resemble Shelley Long.[22] During production of "I Do, Adieu," the producers developed ideas to separate Sam and Diane. Many ideas of writing out Diane were attempted, but they decided she would leave Boston for a writing career.[25] James Burrows said they intended Cheers to be a comedy about comedy set in the bar, but the "Sam and Diane" romance predominated the show for five years and would have made the bar a minor role and less relevant if Long had not left the show in 1987.[15][16] When Long decided to leave Cheers, producers made plans to revise the show without losing its initial premise; they credited Long's departure for saving the series from cancellation.[14] Long said:

text: I've never regretted leaving, quite honestly ... I didn't always know what to do with myself, though. When you've been that busy for so long with the show that's so demanding on your time, energy, and concentration on Cheers, the rhythms of your life change totally when you let it go.[26]

text: Long's replacement Kirstie Alley debuted as businesswoman Rebecca Howe in the sixth season and becomes a main cast member since.

text: Before her appearance in the series finale, Shelley Long appeared as herself in the special 200th episode in 1990, which was hosted by John McLaughlin and other cast members.[27] Long's return was rumored in 1989, but a spokesperson for Paramount Television dismissed these rumors.[28]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Shelley Long received one Emmy in 1983[29] and two Golden Globes in 1983 and 1985[30] for her leading performance as Diane Chambers in the series Cheers.[29][30] Long was nominated as Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for the series finale "One for the Road" in 1993, and did not win.[29]

text: In 1990, Robert Bianco praised Diane and Shelley Long for making the show a "classic", and was devastated when she left the show, along with Nicholas Colasanto's death.[31] In 1993, John Carman from San Francisco Chronicle said Long's guest appearance in the series finale was neither well-performed nor well-aged.[32] In 1999, Diane was rated number 33 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Characters list.[33] In 2011, Kim Potts from The Huffington Post ranked her 30th in his list of 100 "Greatest TV Women" of all-time.[34]

text: According to a telephone survey of 1,011 people conducted by the Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press (now Pew Research Center) on April 1–4, 1993, Sam Malone was the favorite Cheers character of 26%, Diane Chambers was favored by 4%, Rebecca Howe was favored by 6%, and Frasier Crane was favored by 1%. The survey also asked whom Sam should marry; 21% voted Diane Chambers, 19% voted Rebecca Howe, 48% voted Sam to stay single, and 12% had no opinion on this matter.[35][36]

text: In 1987, Monica Collins from USA Today called Diane a "snitty, selfish snob" and was relieved that the character left the series. According to Collins, she has not made friends with other Cheers characters onscreen. More often, she has not befriended women, and she has "[teased] men more than [pleased] them".[37] In 2002, Bill Simmons of ESPN praised Diane's early years but said she became "overbearing".[38] In 2009, Andrea Zimmerman from the website Lemondrop ranked Diane number 5 in his list of "20 Least Feminist TV Characters" for chasing after Sam to prevent her own insanity.[39] In 2012, Steve Silverman from the website Screen Junkies website wrote that Diane was "too needy and insecure for anyone [like Sam] to have a legitimate relationship with".[40]

text: In the book Primetime Propaganda, conservative author Ben Shapiro said that Diane often plays and wins morality games with bar patrons.[37][41] Shapiro said further than she is an "elitist liberal [of a] high culture [and] the conscience of the show [...] and solid feminist," who outsmarts Sam over morality.[42] Diane's taunting toward Sam and his class "[presents] the first inkling of the yuppie conundrum that would haunt liberals throughout the 1980s."[43] Shapiro considered Diane becoming "sexualized" and "liberated" when, in the season one episode, "No Contest" (1983), when she accepts prizes that she won, including two tickets to Bermuda.[44] Jennifer Michael Hecht in her book, The Happiness Myth, depicted Diane as herself too "unhappy" to be taken seriously as an adviser and her psychoanalysis on Sam's promiscuous behavior as "unreliable".[45]

text: Notes[edit]

text: From Cheers:

text: Jump up ^ "The Godfather, Part III." 1987. Cheers: The Complete Fifth Season. Paramount. DVD.

text:
Jump up ^ Bjorklund, p. 180.
Jump up ^ Boone, Mike (2 May 1984). "Cheers! Sam and Diane's breakup is a TV event worth drinking to". The Gazette. p. E12.
^ Jump up to: a b Kerr, Peter (1983-11-29). "NBC Comedy 'Cheers" Turns Into A Success". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b Buck, Jerry (January 23, 1983). "Cheers provides tough education". The Modesto Bee. The Associated Press. p. 3, TV Magazine. Retrieved August 24, 2012, at Google News Archive.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Ted Danson, On Life (And 'Death') After 'Cheers'." NPR 17 September 2009. Web. 11 January 2012. Interview with Ted Danson is hosted by David Bianculli.
Jump up ^ Bykofsky, Stuart D. (April 29, 1984). "Sam and Diane end their 'cheery' affair". Calgary Herald. Canada. Knight-Ridder Newspapers. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "`Cheers' Sam Gets a Rival." Ocala Star-Banner: TV Week [Ocala, FL] 18 August 1984: 19. Google News. Web. 31 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Gates, Anita. "Yes, America Has a Class System. See 'Frasier'." The New York Times 19 April 1998. Web. 9 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Jicha, Tony (May 13, 2004). "Frasier Has Left The Building". Sun Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Harmer, Ian (March 16, 1986). "Armstrong's Show Is No Cheers Clone". Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal. p. 42, TV Log.
Jump up ^ Meade, Peter (29 April 1984). "We'll Cry In Our Beers As Sam, Diane Split". Spartanburg Herald-Journal TV Update. p. 85. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Carter, Bill (9 May 1993). "Why 'Cheers' Proved So Intoxicating". The New York Times. p. 6. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Meade, Peter (14 January 1983). "Shelley Long cheers up". Rome News-Tribune. Rome, GA. p. 20. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Saunders, Dusty (31 July 1987). "Many changes in store for 'Cheers'". The Vindicator. p. 12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Crowd at 'Cheers' toasts new season with new boss". The Register-Guard. TV Week. p. 13.
^ Jump up to: a b Baker, Kathryn (5 September 1987). "Long's departure has 'Cheers' cast on edge". Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina).
Jump up ^ Beck, Marilyn (August 31, 1984). "Cheers plots will feature unwed mothers". Star-Phoenix. Saskatoon, Canada. p. A16.
Jump up ^ Shister, =Gail (16 January 1985). "Shelley Long's pregnancy will keep her off 'Cheers'". Beaver County Times. p. C9.
Jump up ^ Levine, Ken (June 6, 2008). "One more question.." ...by Ken Levine. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012, at Blogspot.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Cheers! They're baby girls". The Gainesville Sun. 29 March 1985. p. 2A.
Jump up ^ "A Star is Born... Gets Diapered and Goes Right to Work." TV Viewer: Your Switch-On Guide. New Sunday Times 9 June 1985: 2. Google News. Web. 21 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Harmetz, Alijean (23 September 1987). "Changes on tap at 'Cheers'". The Ledger. p. 1C+.
Jump up ^ "Serve it yourself, Sam: Diane on her way out from Cheers". The Gazette. 17 December 1986.
Jump up ^ Raftery, Brian (October 2012). "The Best TV Show That's Ever Been". GQ. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Harmetz, Alijean (23 September 1987). "Writers scramble to change `Cheers'". The Ledger. p. 5C.
Jump up ^ Richmond, Ray (April 3, 1993). "Shelley Long finds a seat at Cheers for final episode". The News-Journal. Daytona Beach, Florida, Florida. p. 3D. Retrieved July 12, 2012 at Google News Archives.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help) Author worked for Los Angeles Daily News at the time of publication.
Jump up ^ Duffy, Mike (November 7, 1990). "Cheers to serve 200th round of laughs". Bangor Daily News. Knight-Ridder Newspapers. p. 24.
Jump up ^ "Cheers will be back, but Diane won't". The Telegraph (Nashua). Associated Press. March 28, 1989. p. 22.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Shelley Long". Emmys.com. 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Brainy Waitress Shelley Long Leaving Cheers". Orlando Sentinel. 17 December 1986.
Jump up ^ Bianco, Robert, from The Pittsburgh Press (November 7, 1990). "A toast to 'Cheers' as it celebrates its 200th episode". Scripps Howard News Service. Entertainment and culture. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) Record no. at NewsBank: 9001080362 (registration required).
Jump up ^ Moore, Frazier (May 22, 1993). "Nation's critics cheer final episode". Oxnard Press-Courier. p. 7. Retrieved July 17, 2012, at Google News Archive.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Louie De Palma Is Top TV Character; TV Guide Puts Out Top 50 List". TV Guide. 11 October 1999.
Jump up ^ Potts, Kim (2 March 2011). "Greatest TV Women: 50-26." HuffPost TV. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Mills, Kim I. (May 2, 1993). "TV viewers glad Sam stayed single". The Sunday Gazette. Schenectady, NY. p. A3. Retrieved January 21, 2012, at Google News Archive.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help) The margin of error in the survey was ±3, according to the polls. In this web edition, scroll down to see its headline.
Jump up ^ Leefler, Pete (May 2, 1993). "Show Piles Up Viewer Cheers". The Morning Call. Allentown, NY. p. A1. Retrieved January 17, 2012.  (subscription required)
^ Jump up to: a b Collins, Monica. Three `Cheers'! It's Diane's last call." USA Today 08 May 1987, Final ed: D01. Web. 4 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Simmons, Bill (February 21, 2002). "Page 2: Dear Sports Guy.." ESPN. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Zimmerman, Andrea. "20 Least Feminist TV Characters, Part 2." Lemondrop 8 June 2009. AOL. Web. 22 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Silverman, Steve (31 January 2012). "6 TV Girlfriends Who Will Make You Reconsider Dating". Screen Junkies. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Shapiro 2011, p. 122.
Jump up ^ Shapiro 2011, pp. 122–123.
Jump up ^ Shapiro, Primetime Propaganda, p. 123.
Jump up ^ Shapiro, Primetime Propaganda, pp. 123–124.
Jump up ^ Hecht, Jennifer Michael (2007). The Happiness Myth: An Expose. HarperOne. p. 235. ISBN 0060813970.


document_title: History of rugby union matches between New Zealand and the British and Irish Lions

question_text: when did the lions last tour new zealand

text: List of series[edit]

text:
Details
Played
Won by New Zealand
Won by Lions
Draw

Overall
12
10
1
1

text:
Series
New Zealand wins
Lions wins
Victor

1904 New Zealand and Australian Tour
1
0
 New Zealand

1908 Australian and New Zealand Tour
2
0
 New Zealand

1930 New Zealand and Australian Tour
3
1
 New Zealand

1950 New Zealand and Australian Tour
3
0
 New Zealand

1959 New Zealand and Australian Tour
3
1
 New Zealand

1966 New Zealand and Australian Tour
4
0
 New Zealand

1971 New Zealand Tour
1
2
Lions

1977 New Zealand Tour
3
1
 New Zealand

1983 New Zealand Tour
4
0
 New Zealand

1993 New Zealand Tour
2
1
 New Zealand

2005 New Zealand Tour
3
0
 New Zealand

2017 New Zealand Tour
1
1
Draw

text: List of matches[edit]

text:
Details
Played
Won by New Zealand
Won by Lions
Drawn
New Zealand points
British and Irish Lions points

Overall
41
30
7
4
700
399

text:
Date
Venue
Score
Victor
Series

13 August 1904
Athletic Park, Wellington
9 – 3
 New Zealand
1904 New Zealand and Australian Tour

6 June 1908
Carisbrook, Dunedin
32 – 5
 New Zealand
1908 New Zealand and Australian Tour

27 June 1908
Athletic Park, Wellington
3 – 3
Draw

25 July 1908
Potters Park, Auckland
29 – 0
 New Zealand

21 June 1930
Carisbrook, Dunedin
3 – 6
Lions
1930 New Zealand and Australian Tour

5 July 1930
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
13 – 10
 New Zealand

26 July 1930
Eden Park, Auckland
15 – 10
 New Zealand

9 August 1930
Athletic Park, Wellington
22 – 8
 New Zealand

27 May 1950
Carisbrook, Dunedin
9 – 9
Draw
1950 New Zealand and Australian Tour

10 June 1950
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
8 – 0
 New Zealand

1 July 1950
Athletic Park, Wellington
6 – 3
 New Zealand

29 July 1950
Eden Park, Auckland
11 – 8
 New Zealand

18 July 1959
Carisbrook, Dunedin
18 – 17
 New Zealand
1959 New Zealand and Australian Tour

15 August 1959
Athletic Park, Wellington
11 – 8
 New Zealand

29 August 1959
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
22 – 8
 New Zealand

19 September 1959
Eden Park, Auckland
6 – 9
Lions

16 July 1966
Carisbrook, Dunedin
20 – 3
 New Zealand
1966 New Zealand and Australian Tour

6 August 1966
Athletic Park, Wellington
16 – 12
 New Zealand

27 August 1966
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
19 – 6
 New Zealand

10 September 1966
Eden Park, Auckland
24 – 11
 New Zealand

26 June 1971
Carisbrook, Dunedin
3 – 9
Lions
1971 New Zealand Tour

10 July 1971
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
22 – 12
 New Zealand

31 July 1971
Athletic Park, Wellington
3 – 13
Lions

17 August 1971
Eden Park, Auckland
14 – 14
Draw

18 June 1977
Athletic Park, Wellington
16 – 12
 New Zealand
1977 New Zealand Tour

9 July 1977
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
9 – 13
Lions

30 July 1977
Carisbrook, Dunedin
19 – 7
 New Zealand

13 August 1977
Eden Park, Auckland
10 – 9
 New Zealand

4 June 1983
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
16 – 12
 New Zealand
1983 New Zealand Tour

18 June 1983
Athletic Park (Wellington), Wellington
9 – 0
 New Zealand

2 July 1983
Carisbrook, Dunedin
15 – 8
 New Zealand

16 July 1983
Eden Park, Auckland
38 – 6
 New Zealand

12 June 1993
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
20 – 18
 New Zealand
1993 New Zealand Tour

26 June 1993
Athletic Park (Wellington), Wellington
7 – 20
Lions

3 July 1993
Eden Park, Auckland
30 – 13
 New Zealand

25 June 2005
Lancaster Park, Christchurch
21 – 3
 New Zealand
2005 New Zealand Tour

2 July 2005
Westpac Stadium, Wellington
48 – 18
 New Zealand

9 July 2005
Eden Park, Auckland
38 – 19
 New Zealand

24 June 2017
Eden Park, Auckland
30 – 15
 New Zealand
2017 New Zealand Tour

1 July 2017
Westpac Stadium, Wellington
21 – 24
Lions

8 July 2017
Eden Park, Auckland
15 – 15
Draw


document_title: Postal Index Number

question_text: how many total pin codes are there in india

text: Postal Index Number

text: History[edit]

text: The PIN Code system was introduced on 15 August 1972 by Shriram Bhikaji Velankar, an additional secretary in the Union Ministry of Communications.[2][3][4] The system was introduced to simplify the manual sorting and delivery of mail by eliminating confusion over incorrect addresses, similar place names and different languages used by the public.[5]

text: Postal zones[edit]

text: There are nine PIN zones in India, including eight regional zones and one functional zone (for the Indian Army). The first digit of the PIN code indicates the region. The second digit indicates the sub-region, and the third digit indicates the sorting district within the region. The final three digits are assigned to individual post offices.

text: The 9 PIN zones cover the Indian states and union territories as follows:

text:
1 - Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Chandigarh
2 - Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
3 - Rajasthan, Gujarat, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4 - Maharashtra, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh
5 - Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
6 - Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Lakshadweep
7 - West Bengal, Odisha, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Sikkim
8 - Bihar, Jharkhand
9 - Army Post office (APO) and Field Post office (FPO)

text: PIN numbering[edit]

text: Sorting district[edit]

text: The first three digits of the PIN represent a specific geographical region called a sorting district that is headquartered at the main post office of the largest city and is known as the sorting office. A state may have one or more sorting districts depending on the volumes of mail handled.

text:
PIN prefix
ISO 3166-2:IN(Vehicle Code)
Region

11
DL
Delhi

12 to 13
HR
Haryana(Kamania)

14 to 15
PB
Punjab

16
CH
Chandigarh

17
HP
Himachal Pradesh

18 to 19
JK
Jammu and Kashmir

20 to 28
UP, UT (UK)
Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

30 to 34
RJ
Rajasthan

36 to 39
GJ
Gujarat

403
GA
Goa

40 to 44
MH
Maharashtra

45 to 48
MP
Madhya Pradesh

49
CT(CG)
Chhattisgarh

50
TG(TS)
Telangana

51 to 53
AP
Andhra Pradesh

56 to 59
KA
Karnataka

60 to 64
TN
Tamil Nadu

67 to 69
KL
Kerala

682
LD
Lakshadweep (Islands)

70 to 74
WB
West Bengal

737
SK
Sikkim

744
AN
Andaman and Nicobar Islands

75 to 76
OR(OD)
Odisha

78
AS
Assam

79
AR
Arunachal Pradesh

793, 794, 783123
ML
Meghalaya

795
MN
Manipur

796
MZ
Mizoram

797
NL
Nagaland

798
NL
Nagaland

799
TR
Tripura

80 to 85
BR, JH
Bihar and Jharkhand

90 to 99
APS
Army Postal Service

DD
Daman and Diu

DN
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

PY
Puducherry

text: Service route[edit]

text: The fourth digit represents the route on which a Delivery office is located in the sorting district.[5] This is 0 for offices in the core area of the sorting district.

text: Delivery office[edit]

text: The last two digits represent the delivery office within the sorting district starting from 01 which would be the GPO or HO. The numbering of the delivery office is done chronologically with higher numbers assigned to newer delivery offices. If the volume of mails handled at a delivery office is too large, a new delivery office is created and the next available PIN is assigned.[6] Thus two delivery offices situated next to each other will only have the first four digits in common.

text: Delivery system[edit]

text: Each PIN code is mapped to exactly one delivery post office which receives all the mail to be delivered to one or more lower offices within its jurisdiction, all of which share the same code. The delivery office can either be a General Post Office (GPO), a Head Office (HO) or Sub Office (SO) which are usually located in urban areas. The post from the delivery office is sorted and routed to other delivery offices for a different PIN or to one of the relevant sub offices or branch offices for the same PIN. Branch offices (BO) are located in rural areas and have limited postal services.[7]


document_title: List of VFL/AFL players to have scored 500 goals

question_text: who has kicked the most goals in afl

question_tokens: who has kicked the most goals in afl

text: In the sport of Australian rules football, a goal is scored by kicking the football between the two middle goalposts at either end of the field and is worth six points. In the Australian Football League (AFL), the premier Australian rules football league, a total of 59 players have scored 500 goals or more in senior matches (not including pre-season, Night Series, interstate and exhibition matches). The overall leading goalscorer is Tony Lockett, who kicked a total of 1,360 goals in 281 games for the St Kilda Football Club and the Sydney Swans between 1983 and 2002. The first 1000-goal player was Gordon Coventry, also of Collingwood, whose record of 1299 career goals stood for 61 years until it was broken by Lockett in 1999.[1]

text: List[edit]

text: Current players are highlighted in blue:

text:
№
Player
Goals
Games
Average
Career
Club(s)
Ref

01 !1

Lockett, TonyTony Lockett

1360

281

4.84

1983–2002

St Kilda (1983–1994; 183 games, 898 goals)
Sydney (1995–2002; 98 games, 462 goals)

[2]

02 !2

Coventry, GordonGordon Coventry

1299

306

4.25

1920–1937

Collingwood (1920–1937; 306 games, 1299 goals)

[1]

03 !3

Dunstall, JasonJason Dunstall

1254

269

4.66

1985–1998

Hawthorn (1985–1998; 269 games, 1254 goals)

[3]

04 !4

Wade, DougDoug Wade

1057

267

3.96

1961–1975

Geelong (1961–1972; 208 games, 834 goals)
North Melbourne (1973–1975; 59 games, 223 goals)

[4]

05 !5

Ablett, Sr., GaryGary Ablett, Sr.

1030

248

4.15

1982–1996

Hawthorn (1982; 6 games, 9 goals)
Geelong (1984–1996; 242 games, 1021 goals)

[5]

06 !6

Titus, JackJack Titus

0970 !970

294

3.30

1926–1943

Richmond (1926–1943; 294 games, 970 goals)

[6]

07 !7

Lloyd, MatthewMatthew Lloyd

0926 !926

270

3.43

1995–2009

Essendon (1995–2009; 270 games, 926 goals)

[7]

08 !8

Matthews, LeighLeigh Matthews

0915 !915

332

2.76

1969–1985

Hawthorn (1969–1985; 332 games, 915 goals)

[8]

09 !9

McKenna, PeterPeter McKenna

0874 !874

191

4.58

1965–1977

Collingwood (1965–1975; 180 games, 838 goals)
Carlton (1977; 11 games, 36 goals)

[9]

10

Franklin, LanceLance Franklin

0872 !872

273

3.19

2005–

Hawthorn (2005–2013; 182 games, 580 goals)
Sydney (2014–; 91 games, 292 goals)

[10]

11

Quinlan, BernieBernie Quinlan

0817 !817

366

2.23

1969–1986

Footscray (1969–1977; 177 games, 241 goals)
Fitzroy (1978–1986; 189 games, 576 goals)

[11]

12

Richardson, MatthewMatthew Richardson

0800 !800

282

2.84

1993–2009

Richmond (1993–2009; 282 games, 800 goals)

[12]

13

Bartlett, KevinKevin Bartlett

0778 !778

403

1.93

1965–1983

Richmond (1965–1983; 403 games, 778 goals)

[13]

14

Rocca, SaverioSaverio Rocca

0748 !748

257

2.91

1992–2006

Collingwood (1992–2000; 156 games, 514 goals)
Kangaroos (2001–2006; 101 games, 234 goals)

[14]

15

Hall, BarryBarry Hall

0746 !746

289

2.58

1996–2011

St Kilda (1996–2001; 88 games, 144 goals)
Sydney (2002–2009; 162 games, 467 goals)
Western Bulldogs (2010–2011; 39 games, 135 goals)

[15]

16

Kernahan, StephenStephen Kernahan

0738 !738

251

2.94

1986–1997

Carlton (1986–1997; 251 games, 738 goals)

[16]

17

Mohr, BillBill Mohr

0735 !735

195

3.77

1929–1941

St Kilda (1929–1941; 195 games, 735 goals)

[17]

18

Hudson, PeterPeter Hudson

0727 !727

129

5.64

1967–1977

Hawthorn (1967–1977; 129 games, 727 goals)

[18]

19

Carey, WayneWayne Carey

0727 !727

272

2.67

1989–2004

North Melbourne (1989–2001; 244 games, 671 goals)
Adelaide (2002–2004; 28 games, 46 goals)

[19]

20

Vallence, HarryHarry Vallence

0722 !722

204

3.54

1926–1938

Carlton (1926–1938; 204 games, 722 goals)

[20]

21

Riewoldt, NickNick Riewoldt

718

336

2.14

2001–2017

St Kilda (2001–2017; 336 games, 718 goals)

[21]

22

Lee, DickDick Lee

0707 !707

230

3.07

1906–1922

Collingwood (1906–1922; 230 games, 707 goals)

[22]

23

Pavlich, MatthewMatthew Pavlich

0700 !700

353

1.98

2000–2016

Fremantle (2000–2016; 353 games, 700 goals)

[23]

24

Pratt, BobBob Pratt

0681 !681

158

4.31

1930–1946

South Melbourne (1930–1946; 158 games, 681 goals)

[24]

25

Moriarty, JackJack Moriarty

0662 !662

170

3.89

1922–1933

Essendon (1922; 13 games, 36 goals)
Fitzroy (1924–1933; 157 games, 626 goals)

[25]

26

Lynch, AlastairAlastair Lynch

0633 !633

306

2.07

1988–2004

Fitzroy (1988–1993; 120 games, 173 goals)
Brisbane Bears (1994–1996; 32 games, 89 goals)
Brisbane Lions (1997–2004; 154 games, 371 goals)

[26]

27

Neitz, DavidDavid Neitz

0631 !631

306

2.06

1993–2008

Melbourne (1993–2008; 306 games, 631 goals)

[27]

28

Moncrieff, MichaelMichael Moncrieff

0629 !629

224

2.81

1971–1983

Hawthorn (1971–1983; 224 games, 629 goals)

[28]

29

Fevola, BrendanBrendan Fevola

0623 !623

204

3.05

1999–2010

Carlton (1999–2009; 187 games, 575 goals)
Brisbane Lions (2010; 17 games, 48 goals)

[29]

30

Roach, MichaelMichael Roach

0607 !607

200

3.04

1977–1989

Richmond (1977–1989; 200 games, 607 goals)

[30]

31

Brown, JonathanJonathan Brown

0594 !594

256

2.32

2000–2014

Brisbane Lions (2000–2014; 256 games, 594 goals)

[31]

32

Loewe, StewartStewart Loewe

0594 !594

321

1.85

1986–2002

St Kilda (1989–2002; 321 games, 594 goals)

[32]

33

Templeton, KelvinKelvin Templeton

0593 !593

177

3.35

1974–1985

Footscray (1974–1982; 143 games, 494 goals)
Melbourne (1983–1985; 34 games, 99 goals)

[33]

34

Modra, TonyTony Modra

0588 !588

165

3.56

1992–2001

Adelaide (1992–1998; 118 games, 440 goals)
Fremantle (1999–2001; 47 games, 148 goals)

[34]

35

Madden, SimonSimon Madden

0575 !575

378

1.52

1974–1992

Essendon (1974–1992; 378 games, 575 goals)

[35]

36

Beasley, SimonSimon Beasley

0575 !575

154

3.73

1982–1989

Footscray (1982–1989; 154 games, 575 goals)

[36]

37

Osborne, RichardRichard Osborne

0574 !574

283

2.03

1982–1998

Fitzroy (1982–1992; 187 games, 411 goals)
Sydney (1993–1993; 16 games, 39 goals)
Footscray (1994–1996; 51 games, 98 goals)
Collingwood (1997–1998; 29 games, 26 goals)

[37]

38

Milne, StephenStephen Milne

0574 !574

275

2.09

2001–2013

St Kilda (2001–2013; 275 games, 574 goals)

[38]

39

Smith, NormNorm Smith

0572 !572

227

2.52

1935–1950

Melbourne (1935–1948; 210 games, 546 goals)
Fitzroy (1949–1950; 17 games, 26 goals)

[39]

40

Salmon, PaulPaul Salmon

0561 !561

324

1.73

1983–2002

Essendon (1983–2002; 224 games, 520 goals)
Hawthorn (1996–2000; 100 games, 41 goals)

[40]

41

Johnson, BradBrad Johnson

0558 !558

364

1.53

1994–2010

Footscray (1994–2010; 364 games, 558 goals)

[41]

42

Grant, ChrisChris Grant

0554 !554

341

1.62

1990–2007

Footscray (1990–2007; 341 games, 554 goals)

[42]

43

Tredrea, WarrenWarren Tredrea

0549 !549

255

2.15

1997–2010

Port Adelaide (1997–2010; 255 games, 549 goals)

[43]

44

Gehrig, FraserFraser Gehrig

0549 !549

260

2.11

1995–2008

West Coast (1995–2000; 115 games, 159 goals)
St Kilda (2001–2008; 145 games, 390 goals)

[44]

45

Daicos, PeterPeter Daicos

0549 !549

250

2.20

1979–1993

Collingwood (1979–1993; 250 games, 549 goals)

[45]

46

Harris, DickDick Harris

0548 !548

196

2.80

1934–1944

Richmond (1934–1944; 196 games, 548 goals)

[46]

47

Riewoldt, JackJack Riewoldt

0541 !541

227

2.38

2007–

Richmond (2007–; 227 games, 541 goals)

[47]

48

White, LindsayLindsay White

0540 !540

142

3.80

1941–1950

Geelong (1941–1950; 117 games, 429 goals)
South Melbourne (1942–1943; 25 games, 111 goals)

[48]

49

Coleman, JohnJohn Coleman

0537 !537

98

5.48

1949–1954

Essendon (1949–1954; 98 games, 537 goals)

[49]

50

Betts, EddieEddie Betts

0534 !534

279

1.91

2005–

Carlton (2005–2013; 184 games, 290 goals)
Adelaide (2014–; 95 games, 244 goals)

[50]

51

Roughead, JarrydJarryd Roughead

0532 !532

255

2.08

2005–

Hawthorn (2005–; 255 games, 532 goals)

[51]

52

Taylor, BrianBrian Taylor

0527 !527

140

3.76

1980–1990

Richmond (1980–1984; 43 games, 156 goals)
Collingwood (1985–1990; 97 games, 371 goals)

[52]

53

Bradshaw, DanielDaniel Bradshaw

0524 !524

231

2.27

1996–2010

Brisbane Bears (1996; 3 games, 0 goals)
Brisbane Lions (1997–2009; 219 games, 496 goals)
Sydney (2010–2010; 9 games, 28 goals)

[53]

54

O'Loughlin, MichaelMichael O'Loughlin

0521 !521

303

1.72

1995–2009

Sydney (1995–2009; 303 games, 521 goals)

[54]

55

Kennedy, JoshJosh Kennedy

0519 !519

207

2.51

2006–

Carlton (2006–2007; 22 games, 11 goals)
West Coast (2008–; 185 games, 508 goals)

[55]

56

Harvey, BrentBrent Harvey

0518 !518

432

1.20

1996–2016

North Melbourne (1996–2016; 432 games, 518 goals)

[56]

57

Sumich, PeterPeter Sumich

0514 !514

150

3.43

1989–1997

West Coast (1989–1997; 150 games, 514 goals)

[57]

58

Longmire, JohnJohn Longmire

0511 !511

200

2.56

1988–1999

North Melbourne (1988–1999; 200 games, 511 goals)

[58]

59

Johnson, SteveSteve Johnson

0510 !510

291

1.75

2002–2017

Geelong (2002–2015; 253 games, 452 goals)
Greater Western Sydney (2016–2017; 38 games, 58 goals)

[59]