document_title: Spencer Reid

question_text: what episode does reid get caught with drugs

root

text: Spencer Reid

text: Development[edit]

text: Reid was born in 1981 and is a genius and autodidact who graduated from a Las Vegas public high school at age 12. He has an IQ of 187,[2] an eidetic memory, and can read 20,000 words per minute[2] (an average American adult reads prose text at 200–300 words per minute).[3] He holds B.A.s in Psychology, Sociology, and Philosophy, a Ph.D. in Chemistry and Engineering as well as a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Caltech.[4]

tag: p

text: Reid is 23 in the pilot episode,[5] having joined the unit when he was 22.[4][6] His fellow team members almost always introduce him as Dr. Reid. Hotch reveals in the first season that Gideon insists on introducing him as Dr. Reid because Gideon fears that, because of his age, Reid will not be taken seriously as an FBI agent.[2] This was a genuine concern, both for in-universe and for audience acceptance, since in real life the minimum age to become an FBI Special Agent is 23,[7] with at least three more years to obtain Supervisory Special Agent status, and appointments to the BAU do not usually occur until after at least eight to ten years in the FBI.[8] While filming the pilot, the show's FBI consultant informed Matthew Gray Gubler that there was nothing realistic about his character.[9]

text: Before Gubler was cast in the role, the character was envisioned as more like Data from Star Trek. However, the producers liked Gubler's softer interpretation, despite telling the actor he was wrong for the part. After several callbacks, he was hired.[10]

text: During October 2012, series creator Jeff Davis tweeted that Reid was originally envisioned to be bisexual, but the network shut the idea down by the fourth episode when Reid develops a crush on his colleague, Jennifer "JJ" Jareau.[11]

text: Personality[edit]

text: As a common characteristic of people with Asperger's syndrome, Reid is socially awkward. Reid has a hard time dealing with his emotions. He often fixates on things (prompting Morgan and other team members to have to tell him to be quiet), and misses social cues at times (for example, unknowingly changing the subject of a conversation). The Unknown Subject ("UnSub") in "Broken Mirror"[12] notes this, and Gubler stated in an interview in the show's second season "[Reid]'s an eccentric genius, with hints of schizophrenia and minor autism, Asperger's syndrome. Reid is 24 years old with three Ph.D.s and one cannot usually achieve that without some form of autism."[13] Writer Sharon Lee Watson stated in a Twitter chat that Reid's Asperger traits make the character more lovable.[14]

text: Gubler has commented on the differences between Reid and similarly odd character Penelope Garcia: "She represents everything he's not, she's very tech oriented and I would like to imagine he is more like 1920s smart, books and reading etc". Kirsten Vangsness agreed, adding that Garcia is more extroverted and available emotionally, whereas Reid struggles with his emotions.[9] Reid is a technophobe, using neither email nor the new iPads. Gubler tweeted that Reid is also germaphobic.[15] In general, Reid dislikes shaking hands,[16] and shows adverse reactions when touched by strangers.[17] It is speculated the character may also have slight obsessive compulsive disorder, particularly from a scene in "Out of the Light"[18] where Derek Morgan slightly moves an item in the home of an UnSub afflicted with OCD, and Reid immediately places it back to its previous spot.

text: Reid is a good map-reader, and therefore does the geographic profiling and map-related activities for the team. He also has a talent with words, and is the team's go-to linguistic profiler, as well as their unofficial discourse analyst. He is rarely seen behind the wheel – one time when Morgan hands him the keys, JJ and Emily exchange horrified expressions – but in "Lo-Fi" he is seen getting into the driver's side of a vehicle and even driving that same vehicle in one scene, as well as driving to Gideon's cabin in "In Name and Blood," and in "Nelson's Sparrow." However, he is usually seen as a backseat passenger during car scenes, and he commutes to work using the Metro,[19] and presumably the VRE.

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Backstory[edit]

text: Spencer Walter Reid was born in Las Vegas to William Reid (Taylor Nichols), a lawyer, and Diana Reid (Jane Lynch), a former professor of 15th century literature. Diana also has paranoid schizophrenia, and went off her medication during her pregnancy.[4] Reid and his mother have a very close relationship despite her condition.

text: At age four, Spencer was approached by a man, Gary Michaels, while playing chess at a local park. Although Spencer was unharmed, Diana insisted the family move because she believed her son was in danger. Shortly thereafter, Spencer's six-year-old neighbor, Riley Jenkins, was sexually abused and murdered. Diana told Lou Jenkins, Riley's father, about the park incident. Diana then followed Jenkins and witnessed him beat Michaels to death with a baseball bat, getting blood on her clothes in the process. In order to protect his wife, William burned Diana's clothes, which Spencer inadvertently witnessed. Jenkins avoided arrest because Michaels "disappeared", and as he had a criminal history as a sexual predator, the police didn't look very hard into the case.[4] Years later, Reid starts having nightmares about the incident, initially leading him to believe his own father was Riley's killer. Rossi and Morgan help him investigate. After undergoing hypnosis to recover his memories, Reid mistakenly believes he saw his father burning Riley's clothes, not Diana's. He pursues his father as a suspect, even after it becomes clear that Michaels is the more likely perpetrator. Michaels' body is found, and DNA confirms his killer was Lou Jenkins, who is arrested. While Reid is interviewing Jenkins, demanding to know how his father was involved, his parents interrupt and confess to their son the whole story.[4]

text: At ten years old,[20] Reid's father abandoned the family. The Michaels incident had already started the rift, and as Diana's mental state continued to deteriorate due to her paranoid schizophrenia, William left, refusing to take Spencer with him.[21] He moved ten miles away, and never contacted his son. Reid finds out his father's address from Lou Jenkins seventeen years later, as well as the fact that his father never changed jobs. William later states that the reason he never returned was because he was too ashamed, and felt too much time had passed for him to re-enter Reid's life, although he did keep electronic tabs on his son.[4] When his father was leaving, young Spencer tried to convince him to stay by using a statistic that children of parents who remain together receive more education. This angered William: "We're not statistics."[21] Reid states that one way he gets back at his father is to collect more educational degrees.[22]

text: Due to his young age and genius IQ, Reid was a victim of severe bullying in high school. In "Elephant's Memory", he recounts one instance where he was stripped naked and tied to a goalpost in front of other students, remaining there for hours. In "L.D.S.K.", Hotchner is forced to kick Reid in order to allow him access to a gun in order to shoot a suspect. When Hotch says he is sorry if he hurt him, Reid points out that he was a child prodigy in a Las Vegas school and tells Hotch, "you kick like a nine-year-old girl". Reid's social standing as a child increased when he started winning games as the coach of his high school's basketball team, using statistics to break down the opposing teams' shooting strategies.[23]

text: At age twelve, Reid graduated from high school. He attended Caltech, where he rode his bike to classes. He finished his undergraduate degree at sixteen, and received his first doctorate (in Mathematics) the following year.[4] It has also been stated that he attended MIT, but episode writer Breen Frazier admitted the MIT line was a mistake,[24] although it has not yet been corrected onscreen. Yale University was Reid's "safety school". Between the ages of 17 and 21, he completed two more doctorates (Chemistry and Engineering), and two more Bachelor's degrees (psychology and sociology).

text: When Reid was eighteen, he realized his mother's condition had deteriorated to the point where she could no longer take care of herself and had her committed involuntarily to a psychiatric institution, Bennington Sanitarium.[21] Diana still resides in the same institution, and Reid says that he sends her letters every day, in part because of the guilt he feels for not visiting her.[25] He worries about the fact that his mother's illness can be passed on genetically; telling Morgan: "I know what it's like to be afraid of your own mind".[19]

text: Currently, Reid resides in an apartment[26] in the District of Columbia, possibly near the Van Ness-UDC Metro stop.[27]

text: Behavioral Analysis Unit[edit]

text: Reid joined the FBI at either the age 21 or 22, depending upon what age he entered the FBI Academy. While there was "no psychological exam or test the FBI could put in front of him he could not ace inside of an hour",[4] he did struggle with the more physical aspects of training, and ultimately received waivers for those requirements.[28] Even after a year in the field, Reid still struggles to pass his gun qualifications.[29] He is often left behind during takedowns, has never given chase, and jokes that it's Morgan's job to kick down the doors.[30] This does not bother the team, because while he has shown an ability to physically disarm unsubs, his true talent is psychologically disarming them, as well as his abilities to solve the cases behind the scenes.

text: Profiling is the only profession Reid considered, and he was groomed specifically for the BAU.[31] Upon graduation from the Academy, he was placed in the BAU at age 22, and given the title Supervisory Special Agent. His first case in the field was the Blue Ridge Strangler.[6]

text: Gideon is Reid's closest confidante on the team during the first two seasons, and often serves as a mentor to Reid. Gideon's departure affects Reid deeply. He tries playing all possible chess moves in order to understand.[32]

text: Reid is close to JJ, Morgan, and Emily Prentiss. JJ asks him to be godfather to her new born son Henry, and is the only one on the team who calls him "Spence." It is implied in "Plain Sight" that Reid may have a slight crush on JJ, and Gideon even prods him to ask out JJ after giving him Washington Redskins football tickets for his birthday, but nothing comes from it, and they continue with their brother-sister relationship. However, Reid is very protective of her, and often blames himself if she is injured; even if there was nothing he could have done to prevent it. In "Closing Time", after she arrests an unsub, but gets hurt in the process, Spencer is seen counting her injuries as she sits in the ambulance and tells the paramedic that she should be going to get a CAT scan. Reid also shares a brotherly friendship with Derek Morgan. In season seven, he is comfortable enough to start a joke war with him, something that he probably would never do with anyone else, and he occasionally confides his secrets to Morgan. It is suggested in the episode "Epilogue" that Reid told Derek details about what Tobias Hankel did to him when he makes a remark about seeing the afterlife before Tobias saved him. Morgan looks surprised and says "You never told me that." In the episode "Elephant's Memory", when approached by a fully armed Owen Savage, the unsub whom Reid identifies with, Reid gives Prentiss his gun and trusts her enough to back him up and not shoot at Owen as he tries talking Owen down. Although not shown, it is implied Reid and Prentiss spend time together outside of work heavily, along with riding the train home together when they return from cases. Prentiss is the only one who has beat Reid at poker, even correcting his statistic about her particular poker move. Reid and Prentiss are held hostage by a cult led by Benjamin Cyrus (portrayed by Luke Perry). Though he is not injured, Reid struggles with guilt over "allowing" Prentiss's beating at the hands of Cyrus in "Minimal Loss". Reid later becomes close to Alex Blake, whose forensic linguistics class he guest lectures in. Blake serves as a maternal figure within the BAU.

text: Reid contracts anthrax during an outbreak in Maryland,[33] and is later shot in the leg protecting a doctor whose life is being threatened.[30]

text: During "Corazon", Reid begins to suffer from severe headaches and hallucinations. He goes to see a doctor in order to find out the source of his headaches, but the doctor says there is no physical cause for his headaches, and they may be psychosomatic. Reid refuses to believe this, afraid that he may be suffering from the same illness as his mother.[34] It is not mentioned again until "Coda", when he is seen once again wearing sunglasses and is carrying a book on migraines. In the same episode, Reid bonds with a young autistic boy, Sammy Sparks.[27] A cut line from the episode has Rossi stating that Sammy and Reid are two of the most fascinating minds he's ever encountered.[citation needed] In the episode "Valhalla", Reid tells Prentiss about his headaches. By then, Reid has gone to several doctors, but no one has been able to diagnose what is wrong with him. He tells Prentiss that he has not told any of the team members because he is afraid that they will "make him feel like a baby."[35]

text: In "Lauren", it is Reid and Garcia who react most strongly to the news of Emily's death. Reid's reaction is to run out of the room, and he ends up sobbing into JJ's shoulder telling her that he "never got a chance to say goodbye."[36] In season seven, when Emily returns and Reid discovers Hotch and JJ faked her death, he is upset, especially with JJ. He tells her he feels betrayed because he came to her house "for 10 weeks in a row, crying over losing a friend" and "not once did you have the decency to tell me the truth." She doesn't say anything. He asks J.J. "what if" he had started using Dilaudid again after Emily "died."[37]

text: In "True Genius", Reid doubts his reasons for being in the BAU and wonders if he should be doing more with his 'genius'. This is caused by the unsub sending him taunting messages and challenging Reid to find him. In this episode, he also reveals that the team missed his 30th birthday. At the end of the episode, the team throw him a mini birthday party.

text: Drug addiction[edit]

text: After being kidnapped by a serial killer with multiple personalities, Tobias Hankel (James Van Der Beek), Reid is tortured and drugged over the course of two days in "Revelations". This leads him to develop an addiction to the narcotic painkiller Dilaudid. While the BAU team members have their suspicions about Spencer's addiction, none of them confront him about it. An old friend of Reid's in New Orleans is also aware that Reid suffers from 'problems' in "Jones".

text: Reid gets clean and attends a support group meeting for addicts in law enforcement in "Elephant's Memory", at which he admits struggling with cravings as well as with traumatic memories, including a young adult suspect's shooting death in his presence. When he contracts anthrax in "Amplification", he strictly refused to take any narcotic painkillers in an attempt to remain clean. Memories of his torture under Hankel later allow him to empathize with other victims.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Throughout the show, Reid shows a lack of interest when interacting with women. The only three exceptions are Lila Archer, a young actress he is assigned to protect; Austin (Courtney Ford), a bartender he "woos" with magic tricks while showing her a sketch of a potential suspect; and Maeve, a geneticist he first meets through correspondence, then later weekly phone calls. In "Memoriam", a prostitute hits on Reid in a Las Vegas casino, but he is oblivious to her intentions.

text: In "Somebody's Watching", with the team on a case to protect a TV starlet, Reid saves Lila Archer (Amber Heard) from being harmed by a serial killer. Reid and Lila kindle a short-lived romance, beginning when Lila pulls Reid, fully clothed, into her pool for a kiss. At the end of the episode, they go their separate ways, and Lila is not seen in further episodes.

text: In another episode, Reid and Morgan are in a nightclub trying to find a serial murderer who picks up women in nightclubs. Reid is having trouble talking to the women in these clubs, especially since he is spouting facts about club-related deaths, but Morgan helps him out. Reid starts a conversation with the female bartender, and proceeds to do a magic trick in which he appears to jab a pen through the eye of a police sketch, but pulls it through, leaving the paper unscathed. She expresses interest in him, and he gives her his business card in case she hears something about the killer. Later, she sees the killer with another potential victim and intentionally spills her drink on the lady, pulling her away. The killer seems to disappear, and while the bartender goes outside to phone Reid, he grabs her. The team responds quickly and saves her before she is harmed. At the end of the episode, she and Reid are talking over the phone, and he opens a package at his desk that contains the card that he gave her—with a lipstick kiss on the back.

text: In "God Complex", Reid begins calling a mystery woman on a pay phone and they talk about his progress with his headaches and sleep deprivation. It is revealed that she is in danger and doesn't want someone to know about her and Reid. While on a case in New Mexico, Alex Blake drops Reid off at a phone booth, unaware that he is going to call the mystery woman. Blake later returns and questions his motives. The two agents have a heated discussion, and he tells her the mystery woman is a geneticist he contacted about his headaches during season six, whom he believes can help on the case. Thanks to her, they are able to find the unsub and save his latest victim. At the end of the episode, Reid thanks her for her help and tells her that he and the BAU can help her in her situation. However, she refuses because she doesn't want him to hurt Reid. She ends the phone call by telling him that she loves him. Left shocked and speechless, he starts walking to his left but then turns around and walks to his right. Sometime after "The Lesson", Reid continues calling his mystery woman, and it is revealed that her name is Maeve (portrayed by Beth Riesgraf). She tells Reid that her stalker might be gone and because of this, she wants to meet him. During a case in Arizona, Blake confronts him about "phone booth girl". Reid tells Blake that he's nervous to meet her because he already believes she's the most beautiful girl in the world, and he is afraid that she won't like him because of his looks. Blake encourages him to meet her. After Reid gets back from the case, they plan to meet at a fancy restaurant until Reid sees a man gazing over at him. Thinking him to be Maeve's stalker, Reid calls her to cancel while she is right outside. Spencer realizes that the man is not the stalker, and Maeve has already left. The hostess gives him a bag that she left for him. It turns out to be the very same book he was going to give to her by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Inside, she has written a quote by Thomas Merton; "Love is our true destiny. We do not find the meaning of life by ourselves alone. We find it with another."

text: In "Zugzwang", Reid discovers that Maeve has been kidnapped by her stalker. In the investigation, he meets Maeve's former fiance, the man he believed to be her stalker. Reid becomes more and more distressed by the situation and discovers that her kidnapper is not her ex-fiance, but the man's girlfriend. Reid searches excessively to find her, and even offers to take her place. He discovers that the stalker wants attention from him and to be seen as an equal. He gets a clue from the stalker leading him to her location, where he tricks the unsub into believing that he is in love with her. Reid finally meets Maeve face-to-face during the situation and is able to briefly subdue the stalker, only to have her hold Maeve at gunpoint. He once again offers to take Maeve's place, but the unsub kills herself and Maeve in one shot.

text: Reid spends two weeks alone in his apartment after Maeve's death. The team constantly tries to help him, but he refuses to answer the door. While Reid remains at home, the team travel to another case. They call him for help a few times before he joins the team in person. Once the case is complete, Reid asks Morgan, Penelope, and JJ to help clean up his apartment. He picks up The Narrative of John Smith (given to him by Maeve) with the Thomas Merton quote and places it on the bookshelf.

text: In the months following, Reid throws himself into his work when he is not able to sleep because of a recurring dream where Maeve asks him to dance with her, but forces himself to wake up before he answers. By the end of "Alchemy", Reid is able to complete the dream by accepting Maeve's request to dance with her. In "The Inspiration", Reid admits that, had Maeve not died, he might have had kids. In the season nine finale, it is revealed that he still carries a copy of The Narrative of John Smith in his bag.


question_text: roots of resistance a story of the underground railroad summary

text:
Roots of Resistance: The Story of the Underground Railroad

Written by
Theodore Thomas

Directed by
Orlando Bagwell

Narrated by
Ruby Dee

Country of origin
United States

Original language(s)
English

Production

Producer(s)
Orlando Bagwell
Susan Bellows

Cinematography
Michael Chin

Running time
56 minutes

Release

Original network
PBS

Original release

1989 (1989)

External links

Website

tag: table

text: Roots of Resistance: The Story of the Underground Railroad is a 1989 for-television documentary on the Underground Railroad. It was produced by the Public Broadcasting Service as part of the American Experience series.

text: The documentary was directed by Orlando Bagwell.


document_title: The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp

question_text: who played doc holliday in the life and legend of wyatt earp

text: The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp

text: Plot[edit]

text: The first season of the series purports to tell the story of Wyatt's experiences as deputy town marshal of Ellsworth, Kansas (first four episodes) and then as town marshal in Wichita. In the second episode of the second season, first aired September 4, 1956, he is hired as assistant city marshal of Dodge City, where the setting remained for three seasons. The final episode set in Dodge City aired on September 1, 1959. Beginning the next week, the locale for the series shifted for the remainder of the series to the southwest near Tombstone, Arizona Territory.[citation needed]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp (229 episodes)
John Anderson/Ross Elliott as Virgil Earp (5 episodes/4 episodes)
Ray Boyle as Morgan Earp (15 episodes)
Douglas Fowley/Myron Healey as John H. "Doc" Holliday (49 episodes/10 episodes)
Carol Montgomery Stone/Collette Lyons as "Big Nose Kate" (10 episodes/4 episodes)
Mason Alan Dinehart as Bat Masterson (34 episodes)
Steve Brodie/Lash La Rue as Sheriff Johnny Behan (9 episodes/8 episodes)
Jimmy Noel as townsman (144 episodes)
Buddy Roosevelt as townsman (65 episodes)
Rico Alaniz as Mr. Cousin (19 episodes)
Rodd Redwing as Mr. Brother (8 episodes)
Trevor Bardette as Newman Haynes Clanton (21 episodes)
John Milford as Ike Clanton (8 episodes)
Carol Thurston as Emma Clanton (7 episodes)
William Phipps as Curly Bill Brocius (16 episodes)
William Tannen as Deputy Hal Norton (56 episodes)
Morgan Woodward as "Shotgun" Gibbs (42 episodes)
Randy Stuart as Nellie Cashman (12 episodes)
Paul Brinegar as James H. "Dog" Kelley (33 episodes)
Margaret Hayes as Dora Hand (3 episodes)
Don Haggerty as Marsh Murdock (21 episodes)
James Seay as Judge Spicer (16 episodes)
Damian O'Flynn as Judge Tobin/Dr. Goodfellow/Doc Fabrique
Denver Pyle/Walter Coy as Ben Thompson (8 episodes/1 episode)
Bob Steele as Deputy Sam (4 episodes)

tag: ul

text: Guest cast[edit]

text: On September 25, 1956, Myron Healey played a drunken gunfighter Clay Allison, who comes into Dodge City to confront the Earp legend. In the story line, Pete Albright, a storeowner played by Charles Fredricks, tries to hire Allison to gun down Earp because the marshal is fighting crime in the town and costing merchants business in the process. Allison makes a point of not taking money, but is willing to challenge Earp until he is overcome by his own drunkenness.[4]Mike Ragan played Clay Allison in a 1957 episode, "The Time for All Good Men".[5]

text: Other notable performers were Rachel Ames (in the 1958 episode "The Schoolteacher"), Jim Bannon (three times), Roy Barcroft (three times), Lane Bradford (six times, including the role of the Cheyenne Chief Two Moon in the 1957 episode "Indian Wife"[6]), Robert Bray (three times), Virginia Christine, Andy Clyde (as Billy Buckett), Tris Coffin, Elisha Cook, Jr. (as gunsmith "Guns" McCallum in "The Equalizer"), Carolyn Craig (as Edna Granger in "County Seat War"), Francis De Sales (three times), Richard Devon (twice), Tiger Fafara, Ron Foster (as Johnny in "Arizona Lottery"), Robert Fuller, Connie Gilchrist (in "Pinkytown", the story of an outlying saloon community which resists annexation into Dodge City), Ron Hagerthy, Robert Harland, and Brad Johnson (twice, as Bat Masterson's brother Ed Masterson in the 1957 episode "The Nice Ones Always Die First" and as the artist Hurley Abbott in the 1958 segment "The Underdog").[7]

text: Still more guest stars included Ed Hinton, Jonathan Hole (twice), Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr., I. Stanford Jolley (six times, including "A Papa for Butch and Ginger"), Brett King (twice), Jimmy Lydon (twice), Walter Maslow (as the outlaw Blackie Saunders), Francis McDonald (in "Old Jake", a story of revenge stemming from the Sand Creek massacre),[8] Tyler McVey (seven times), Carol Ohmart (as actress Cora Campbell), Gregg Palmer (five times as Tom McLowery), House Peters, Jr. (four times as Wichita saloon owner Dave Bennett), John M. Pickard (three times, once as the gunfighter Johnny Ringo), Paula Raymond, Grant Richards (as gunfighter and saloonkeeper Luke Short), Roy Roberts (as the Texas cattle baron Shanghai Pierce[9] ), Thayer Roberts (as General William Tecumseh Sherman), Bing Russell (twice), Stuart Randall (seven times), Isabel Randolph (as Grandma Wilkins in "Wyatt Earp Rides Shotgun"), Glenn Strange (five times), Gloria Talbott, John Vivyan, Gloria Winters, Sheb Wooley (twice), and Anna May Wong.[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The series was produced by Desilu Productions and filmed at the Desilu-Cahuenga Studio. Sponsors included General Mills, Procter & Gamble, and Parker Pen Company. An off-camera barbershop quartet sang the theme song and hummed the background music in early episodes. The theme song "The Legend of Wyatt Earp" was composed by Harry Warren. Incidental music was composed by Herman Stein.

text: Casting[edit]

text: O'Brian was chosen for the role in part because of his physical resemblance to early photographs of Wyatt Earp.

text: The series had a large supporting cast of more than 30 actors during its six-year run. Jimmy Noel was cast in 144 episodes as an unnamed, uncredited townsman; Buddy Roosevelt appeared similarly in 65 episodes of the series. William Tannen played Deputy Hal Norton in 56 episodes which aired between 1956 and 1958; in some of the segments he was uncredited, and in most his role was tangential to the script. Randy Stuart was cast in 12 episodes in the 1959-1960 season as Tombstone saloon and hotel owner Nellie Cashman, a romantic interest for Earp. Earlier she played Nellie Dawson, a widow living on a ranch, in "Little Gray Home in the West".[10]

text: In five episodes, John Anderson played Earp's brother, Virgil Earp; in four other episodes, including "Big Brother Virgil" and "The Trail to Tombstone", Ross Elliott played the part of Virgil. In 15 segments from 1956 to 1961, Ray Boyle, then using the stage name "Dirk London", portrayed another brother, Morgan Earp. Between 1958 and 1961, Morgan Woodward, later on CBS's Dallas in the role of Marvin "Punk" Anderson and a frequent guest star on Gunsmoke, as well, played folksy loyal deputy "Shotgun" Gibbs in 42 episodes.

text: Douglas Fowley and Myron Healey were cast 49 and 10 times, respectively, as Earp's close friend John H. "Doc" Holliday, whom Earp had met in Texas prior to 1880. Carol Montgomery Stone played Kate Holliday or "Big Nose Kate", Holliday's common-law wife, in 10 episodes of the series in the 1957-1958 season. Collette Lyons played Big Kate in two 1958 episodes and "Rowdy Kate" in two other segments in 1955 and 1956. At times Holliday seemed affectionate toward Kate; at other time, he seemed oblivious to her existence.[11]

text: Earlier, on September 25, 1956, Healey played a drunken gunfighter Clay Allison, who comes into Dodge City to confront the Earp legend. In the story line, Pete Albright, a storeowner played by Charles Fredricks, tries to hire Allison to gun down Earp because the marshal is fighting crime in the town and costing merchants business in the process. Allison makes a point of not taking money, but is willing to challenge Earp until he is overcome by his own drunkenness.[12]Mike Ragan played Clay Allison in a 1957 episode, "The Time for All Good Men".[13]

text: Mason Alan Dinehart, or Alan Dinehart, III, son of film stars Alan Dinehart and Mozelle Britton, was cast in 34 episodes between 1955 and 1959 as Bat Masterson, a role filled on the NBC series of the same name by the late Gene Barry. Dinehart played Masterson from the ages of 19 to 23.[7]

text: The bearded Paul Brinegar in 33 episodes played James H. "Dog" Kelley, a veteran of the Union Army, the owner of the Alhambra Saloon, and a city council member and then the mayor while Earp is the deputy marshal in Dodge City. Their paths in history crossed for no more than one year. In the second and third episodes of the second season of the series, set in Dodge City and titled "Dodge City Gets a New Marshal" (September 4, 1956)[14] and "Fight or Run" (September 11, 1956), Kelley is the hold-out vote on the city council regarding Earp's plan to require gun owners to check in their weapons upon entering town. The Big T Cattle Company, angry with Earp for trying to clean up Dodge City and reduce business from the cowboys, enlists Kelley's help in arranging an ambush of Earp. Kelley is depicted as a reluctant "good guy"/"bad guy" split personality in many of the episodes in which he appears.[15]

text: Paul Brinegar subsequently played the cantankerous cooks Wishbone and Jelly Hoskins on the CBS Westerns, Rawhide and Lancer. In three episodes, Margaret Hayes was cast as Dora Hand, the popular dance-hall actress and singer who had a romantic interest in Mayor Kelley. She is inadvertently shot to death in October 1878 by a rival suitor, James W. "Spike" Kenedy, a son of the South Texas rancher baron Mifflin Kenedy.[16] In "It Had to Happen" (April 1, 1958), after Masterson is slightly wounded from a gunshot fired by a man whom Earp had struck in the shoulder to avoid killing him, Mayor Kelley orders Earp to "shoot to kill" when apprehending lawbreakers. Earp, however, has always used restraint and tried to avoid killing those who would fire upon him. When Earp kills a culprit, he has second thoughts about his role as a lawman.[17]

text: Don Haggerty was cast in the role of Wichita newspaperman Marsh Murdock in 21 segments of the first season. Trevor Bardette was cast 21 times as the unscrupulous Newman Haynes Clanton, known as Old Man Clanton, when the setting of the series moved to Arizona, but Bardette appeared in earlier episodes, too, under other names. John Milford appeared in eight episodes as the historical Ike Clanton. In seven episodes in 1959 and 1961, Carol Thurston played the fictitious Emma Clanton, daughter of Old Man Clanton and an unlikely romantic interest for Earp. Thurston also was cast in different roles in four earlier episodes before she landed the continuing role as Emma Clanton. James Seay was cast 16 times as Judge Spicer, who became a close friend of Earp's.

text: William Phipps in 16 episodes played the gunman and rustler Curly Bill Brocius. In the episode "The Clantons' Family Row", Brocius is facing a potential gunfight with Johnny Ringo (Peter M. Thompson), who is irate that Brocius accidentally shot and killed Ringo's horse, though he replaced the animal with another. Earp works to stop the gunfight from happening, and Doc Holliday proceeds to take bets on the outcome.[18] In "Let's Hang Curly Bill", an older marshal, Fred White (Sam Flint), is mortally wounded when he takes the gun from a drunken Curly Bill, who is celebrating his birthday in a saloon in Tombstone. A town mob demands that Curly Bill be hanged, but Earp places dynamite under the main street to protect his prisoner until the trial. Earp must defend Curly Bill in court because White accidentally caused Curly Bill's gun to discharge; White signed a statement attesting to the facts prior to his death. Doc Holliday noted at the end of the episode that Earp could have merely let Curly Bill hang for past crimes had he not been a just marshal.[19]

text: Steve Brodie played the dishonest Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan in 9 episodes from 1960 to 1961; Lash La Rue played him in eight other segments, one uncredited. La Rue first appeared in the October 20, 1959 segment, "You Can't Fight City Hall" as an agent of territorial Governor John Charles Frémont.[7]

text: Damian O'Flynn, a Boston native, was cast in a combined 60 episodes, as Judge Tobin in the Dodge City segments and as Dr. Goodfellow, when the setting shifts to Tombstone; in the Wichita episodes, he plays Doc Fabrique. Many episodes show Douglas Fowley as playing the part of Doc Fabrique when he actually is not in the episodes. O'Flynn was left off the credits most of the time. In "Frontier Surgeon" (January 19, 1960), Dr. Goodfellow must obtain a truce with Marshal Earp, who is apprehending a wounded outlaw. The man will die if moved after surgery, but he does not wait the three days to recuperate out of distrust of Earp and the protection of the $15,000 loot his gang and he have taken from Wells Fargo.[20]

text: Walter Coy appeared twice on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, as Henry Mason in "The Doctor" (1960) and as Ben Thompson in "Dodge Is Civilized" (1959). In eight other episodes beginning at the start of the series, Denver Pyle had portrayed Ben Thompson, the gunfighter who was Earp's sometimes rival and reluctant friend, and who later became the marshal in Austin.[7] Pyle was cast as Thompson beginning with the second episode of the series. In "Bill Thompson Gives In" (September 20, 1955), Earp uses a pair of Indian scouts, rather than a posse, to help capture Ben Thompson and his brother, Billy Thompson (Hal Baylor), who when inebriated killed the previous Ellsworth sheriff, Chauncey Whitney.[21] The killing was subsequently ruled accidental.

text: In "Marshal Earp Meets General Lee", Earp uses creativity to defuse a tense situation involving a former Confederate officer and cattle drovers who threaten to tear down Ellsworth. Earp simply declares January 19, 1874, the 67th birthday of General Robert E. Lee, as "Robert E. Lee Day" in Ellsworth and pays respect to Lee as a defeated warrior.[22]

text: Bob Steele played Wyatt's deputy, Sam, in four episodes in 1955 during the Wichita period.[23]

text: The two actors who portrayed Earp's Cheyenne friends and informers were Rico Alaniz, a native of Mexico, Mr. Cousin in 19 episodes between 1955 and 1959, and Rodd Redwing as Mr. Brother in eight episodes. The role of Mr. Brother ended with the 1958 episode "One" because the character is killed by four outlaws called the Dry Gulch Gang. Earp spent several subsequent episodes entitled "Two", "Three", and "Four" apprehending the gang.[24]

text: Use of Buntline Special[edit]

text: In the show, O'Brian openly carried a Buntline Special, a pistol with a 12-inch barrel, which triggered a mild toy craze at the time the series was originally broadcast. No credible evidence has been found that Wyatt Earp ever owned such a gun. The myth of Earp carrying a Buntline Special was created in Stuart N. Lake's best-selling 1931 biography Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal, later admitted by the author to be highly fictionalized.[25]

text: Historical Accuracy[edit]

text: The real Wyatt Earp was appointed as an assistant marshal in Dodge City around May 1876, spent the winter of 1876–77 in Deadwood, Dakota Territory,[26]:31 and rejoined the Dodge City police force as an assistant marshal in spring 1877. He resigned his position in September 1879.[27] Earp is depicted as the town marshal in Tombstone, although his brother Virgil Earp was Deputy U.S. Marshal and Tombstone City Marshal.[28]:28 As city marshal, Virgil made the decision to enforce a city ordinance prohibiting carrying weapons in town and to disarm the outlaw cowboys that led to the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Wyatt was only a temporary assistant marshal to his brother.[29]

text: Selected episodes[edit]

text: "John Wesley Hardin"[edit]

text: A number of notable actors had parts in the series. Glenn Strange, before being cast as bartender Sam Noonan on Gunsmoke, had an uncredited role in the ninth episode of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, in which Phillip Pine played the outlaw John Wesley Hardin. In the story line, Hardin arrives in Wichita to avenge Earp for having run out of a town a friend of Hardin's. The Hardin character unveils tricks he has learned with his revolvers. Earp is suspicious when Hardin kills a man in the saloon who drew first according to witnesses, including the unnamed man played by Glenn Strange. Barbara Bestar portrays Hardin's wife, Jane Hardin, who encourages him to head north to Nebraska.[30] Three months later, Strange played Jeff Pruitt, a corrupt theater manager, in "The Frontier Theatre" (February 7, 1956), with Joan Freeman as Jeannie Harlow, the 14-year-old daughter of a competing theater operator.[31]

text: "The Desperate Half-Hour"[edit]

text: Barry Truex, son of actor Ernest Truex, appears as Lonnie McVey, or the young outlaw called the Kansas Kid, in the 1956 episode "The Desperate Half-Hour". In the story line, the Kid returns to his parents' home in Wichita for refuge. Earp learns that the Kid is wanted for robbery, but not murder as claimed by a sheriff, played by Trevor Bardette. George Chandler plays the discouraged father, John McVey.[32]

text: "One of Jesse's Gang"[edit]

text: In the 1956 episode "One of Jesse's Gang", Angie Dickinson plays Ann Drew, who slips a gun to her jailed husband, Harry (John Craven), a former associate of the Jesse James gang. Having vowed never to return to prison, Harry is killed while escaping.[33]

text: "The Suffragette"[edit]

text: Linda Stirling plays Joan Laramie in "The Suffragette", a story about woman's suffrage in the American West. In this 1956 episode, Marshal Earp, who admits his sympathy with the suffragettes, tries to keep the peace between the women and the supporters of a Kansas state senator who leads the opposition.[34]

text: "The Pinkertons"[edit]

text: In "The Pinkertons" (1956), Douglas Evans plays detective agency head Allan Pinkerton, who is seeking to recover $40,000 in stolen money, but interferes with Marshal Earp's attempt to catch the entire gang of Crummy Newton (Richard Alexander).[35] Lloyd Corrigan played the western author Ned Buntline in three episodes.[7] In the episode "King of the Frontier" (November 11, 1958), Buntline arrives in Dodge City after writing a book which proclaims Earp "King of the Frontier". Buntline claims that Earp can beat any cowboy in a variety of competitive activities, including shooting. Miles Breck (Grant Withers) of the Lazy Q outfit bets Buntline $10,000 that his men can beat Earp in selected challenges.[36]

text: "Dull Knife Strikes for Freedom"[edit]

text: On May 7, 1957, the actor Ian MacDonald played Dull Knife, a Cheyenne chief, in the episode "Dull Knife Strikes for Freedom". In the story line, Dull Knife leads his tribe from its reservation in Oklahoma Territory to their homeland in Montana, to which they claim the U.S. government had promised them. Steve Pendleton appeared as Army Major Benteen. Pendleton also appeared in four additional series episodes as Benteen and in seven others as Thacker.[37]

text: "The Wicked Widow"[edit]

text: In "The Wicked Widow" (May 21, 1957), Earp investigates a series of mysterious shootings near the home of Myra Malone (played by Gloria Saunders), a widowed dressmaker. He finds that Myra is harboring Nettie Barnes (Lyn Guild), a wanted member of the Larson gang and former Confederate who dislikes northern law.[38]

text: "Woman Trouble"[edit]

text: In "Woman Trouble" (1957), Earp encounters a group of outlaws posing as True Light missionaries, who dispatch a young woman named Jennie Brandt (Nancy Hadley) into Dodge City to seek Earp's affection and to learn the details of a pending Wells Fargo gold shipment. Earp, however, has done his homework on the True Light movement and detects that something is amiss.[39]

text: "Hang 'em High"[edit]

text: In "Hang 'em High" (1957), Earp and Masterson (as the newly elected sheriff of Ford County) tangle with secreted vigilantes called the White Caps after a judge orders the hanging of Dal Royal (Darryl Hickman), who refuses to defend himself in court for fear the gang will murder his girlfriend, the daughter of a prominent rancher. The story line includes a fake hanging and burial to smoke out the gang.[40]

text: "Doc Holliday Rewrites History"[edit]

text: In "Doc Holliday Rewrites History" (1958), Professor Jordan, a traveling photographer and historian (Robert Nichols) arrives in Dodge City to take pictures and write the biographies of interested citizens, who pay in advance the purchase price of the book that he produces. All kinds of troubles result when Doc Holliday (Myron Healey) takes over the writing of the local biographies and according to premature reports, is most unflattering to the townspeople, including Mayor Kelley.[41]

text: "The Gatling Gun"[edit]

text: In the 1958 episode "The Gatling Gun", Earp and his Indian guide, Mr. Cousin (Rico Alaniz), follow orders from General William Tecumseh Sherman to recover a Gatling gun captured by the Nez Perce. Richard Garland plays the part of the compassionate Chief Joseph, who laments the state of war between the Indians and a militia of land grabbers. Marshal Earp uses his conversation with Chief Joseph to decry the treatment of the Indians and to proclaim his Christian belief that all will obtain fair treatment in the hereafter if not in this life. The episode is set in Idaho, far from Dodge City.[42]

text: "The Noble Outlaws"[edit]

text: James Coburn portrayed Buckskin Frank Leslie in the 1959 largely comedy episode, "The Noble Outlaws". In the story line, Ned Buntline visits Tombstone to meet with the Clantons to gain information for a new book, but Earp asks Leslie to teach Buntline that outlaws are anything but "noble".[43]

text: "She Almost Married Wyatt"[edit]

text: In numerous episodes, Earp is identified as a deacon in his church in Dodge City, including "She Almost Married Wyatt", with Ann Daniels as Cathy Prentice.[44]

text: "Horse Race"[edit]

text: The 1959 episode "Horse Race", with Paul Picerni as Chief Bullhead, espouses the theme that the Indians must accept the white man's system of justice which seeks truth regardless based on the evidence in each case.[45]

text: The Truth About Rawhide Geraghty[edit]

text: In "The Truth About Rawhide Geraghty" (1959), Earp agrees to ride shotgun for the retiring 69-year-old stagecoach driver Rawhide Geraghty, played by Eddy Waller, also of Casey Jones, who is making his last run for Wells Fargo from Tucumcari, New Mexico Territory, to Amarillo. The trip is hazardous with bandits and hostile Apache, and Rawhide fears he will not complete the run.[46]

text: "Juveniles - 1878"[edit]

text: Another 1959 episode "Juveniles - 1878" attempts to address the occurrence of juvenile delinquency on the American frontier. Earp discovers that a 17-year-old runaway who arrives in Dodge City with ready cash and wanting to purchase a pistol may be from a well-to-do family; he manages to locate the youth's father, a judge back east.[47]

text: "A Good Man"[edit]

text: Denver Pyle also appeared as the "Reverend" Oliver Tittle, an unlikely crusader against gambling in the first episode of 1959, "A Good Man". In his crusade against the vice, Tittle come into conflict with saloon owner Ganly, and Earp must intervene to keep the peace between the two antagonists.[48] In the first episode of 1960, Pyle returned to the series to play Dobie Jenner, who appears in Tombstone after a four-year imprisonment to find his former partner in crime, George McKean (Carleton G. Young), married to Phoebe (Rachel Ames), the woman Jenner loves.[49]

text: "Silver Dollar"[edit]

text: In "Silver Dollar" (1960), a young blonde saloon girl called Silver Dollar arrives in Tombstone to work at the Alhambra. While she can charm most men and take their money, Marshal Earp suspects serious questions exist about her past, and sends a wire to find out for sure. Silver Dollar is played by Dusty Anders, whose entire acting career was confined to five network appearances between 1959 and 1960.[50]

text: "Don't Get Tough with a Sailor"[edit]

text: In "Don't Get Tough with a Sailor" (1960), Earp encounters a Captain David Rowland (John Litel), a wealthy rancher and United States Navy veteran, who with a group of his former sailors, maintains his own law near the Mexican border, complete with his own jail. When Rowland incarcerates the duplicitous Sheriff Johnny Behan, Earp must intervene despite his admiration for the captain and Mrs. Rowland (Madge Kennedy).[51]

text: "Casey and the Clowns"[edit]

text: In "Casey and the Clowns" (1961), Earp devises a unique plan to locate $50,000 stolen from the Bank of Tombstone by the Harlequins gang, whose members wear clown masks and outfits to disguise their identity. Earp convinces the president of the Arizona Bank to transfer emergency funds to the Bank of Tombstone to prevent a bank run, as customers demand their cash. Earp goes undercover and dons a clown outfit to infiltrate the gang to find where the money has been stashed. L. Q. Jones makes his only appearance on the series in the role of Tex, the leader of the Harlequins. Willard Sage portrays Bill Casey, one of the gang members, who is captured and awaits release by the gang.[52]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp finished number 18 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1956-1957 season, number six in 1957-1958, number 10 in 1958-1959, and number 20 in 1959-1960.[53]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The series received two Emmy nominations in 1957. Hugh O'Brien was nominated for Best Continuing Performance by an Actor,[54] and Dan Ullman earned a nomination for Best Teleplay Writing - Half Hour or Less.[55]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Infinity Entertainment Group released the complete first season on DVD in Region 1 for the first time on April 21, 2009.[56] This release has been discontinued and is now out of print. On October 28, 2011, Inception Media Group acquired the rights to the series. It subsequently re-released the first season on DVD on December 13, 2011.[57] Season two was released on March 12, 2013.[58]

text:
DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date

Season 1
33
December 13, 2011

Season 2
39
March 12, 2013

text: Related shows[edit]

text: O'Brian recreated the role of Earp in two episodes of the CBS television series Guns of Paradise (1990) alongside Gene Barry as Bat Masterson and again in 1991 in The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw, also with Barry as Masterson. An independent movie, Wyatt Earp: Return to Tombstone, was released in 1994 featuring new footage of O'Brian as Earp mixed with flashbacks consisting of colorized scenes from the original series.[59] The new sequences co-starred Bruce Boxleitner (who had himself played Earp in the telefilm I Married Wyatt Earp), Paul Brinegar (who joined the Rawhide cast as Wyatt Earp shifted to Tombstone in the 1959 season), Harry Carey, Jr. (who had, a year earlier, played Marshal Fred White in Tombstone), and Bo Hopkins.

text: With the emergence of television in the 1950s, producers spun out a large number of Western-oriented shows. At the height of their popularity in 1959, more than two dozen "cowboy" programs were on weekly. At least five others were connected to some extent with Wyatt Earp: Bat Masterson, Tombstone Territory, Broken Arrow, Johnny Ringo, and Gunsmoke.[60]

text: An episode of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp is aired each weekday at 4:45 pm ET on the Encore Western Channel. The episodes are presented in order of original air date. Two episodes of the show are aired every day on Cozi TV.


document_title: Maggie & Bianca: Fashion Friends

question_text: when does maggie and bianca season 2 come out

text: Maggie & Bianca: Fashion Friends

text: Plot[edit]

text: Maggie is an American girl from Portland who wins a scholarship to the Fashion Academy of Milan, a prestigious fashion school, on her sixteenth birthday. Bianca is the fashionable daughter of a powerful ltalian entrepreneur. The two girls meet and are thrown together as roommates at the Fashion Academy, but get off to a rocky start as they have very different personalities and conflicting points of view. But as they clash over time, they begin to understand one another better. Together with three of their classmates, they form a band on the side in order to pursue their musical dreams, while continuing their study of fashion at the Academy. At the end of the first season they found out they are half-sisters, same father and different moms.[3][4]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Emanuela Rei as Maggie
Giorgia Boni as Bianca
Sergio Ruggeri as Jacques
Luca Murphy as Quinn
Federica Corti as Nausica
Federico Pedroni as Leonardo (season 1)
Tiffany Zhou as Yuki
Sergio Melone as Eduard
Simone Lijoi as Professor Ferrari (season 1)
Elia Nichols as Professor Tucker
Alvaro Gradella as Headmaster Maffei
Walter Leonardi as Uncle Max
Clelia Piscitello as Dolores
Jody Cecchetto as Andrew (recurring, season 1; main, season 2)
Paolo Fantoni as Felipe (recurring, season 1; main, season 2)
Simona Di Bella as Susan (recurring, season 1; main, season 2)
Giovanni Bussi as Professor Falques (season 2)
Paolo Romano as Alberto (recurring, season 1; main, season 2)
Greta Bellusci as Rachel (guest, season 1; main, season 2)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date

1
1
"A Dream Come True"
August 29, 2016 (2016-08-29)

2
2
"Places to Call My Own"
August 30, 2016 (2016-08-30)

3
3
"A Start to Classes"
August 31, 2016 (2016-08-31)

4
4
"Fashion Photography"
September 1, 2016 (2016-09-01)

5
5
"The Most Beautiful Day"
September 2, 2016 (2016-09-02)

6
6
"Keep Your Lucky Charm"
September 3, 2016 (2016-09-03)

7
7
"Model for a Day"
September 4, 2016 (2016-09-04)

8
8
"No Escape from Love"
September 5, 2016 (2016-09-05)

9
9
"A Mile in Her Shoes"
September 6, 2016 (2016-09-06)

10
10
"Shock! Extortion!"
September 7, 2016 (2016-09-07)

11
11
"Raiders of the Lost Exam"
September 8, 2016 (2016-09-08)

12
12
"The Phantom of the Academy"
September 9, 2016 (2016-09-09)

13
13
"A Perfect Concert"
September 10, 2016 (2016-09-10)

14
14
"History Repeats Itself"
September 22, 2016 (2016-09-22)

15
15
"Miss Venice"
September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23)

16
16
"Our School Anniversary"
September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23)

17
17
"A Matter of Style"
September 24, 2016 (2016-09-24)

18
18
"Election Trouble"
September 24, 2016 (2016-09-24)

19
19
"The One I Trust"
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)

20
20
"No Mask, No Party"
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)

21
21
"Never Mention "CoolGhost""
September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)

22
22
"Our First Challenge"
September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)

23
23
"Facing Semifinals"
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)

24
24
"Do the Right Thing"
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)

25
25
"The Great Lockart"
September 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)

26
26
"Year-end Fashion Show"
September 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text: The second season aired in Italy between January 11 and February 18, 2017, and consisted of 26 episodes. The second season was released internationally on Netflix on April 30, 2018.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date

27
1
"A Nightmarish Start"
January 11, 2017 (2017-01-11)

28
2
"Fashion Bloggers Community"
January 11, 2017 (2017-01-11)

29
3
"Polar Opposites"
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

30
4
"Something Go.Zy."
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

31
5
"Hidden Talent"
January 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)

32
6
"At Loggerheads!"
January 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)

33
7
"Each One Has His Story"
January 14, 2017 (2017-01-14)

34
8
"Knights and Princesses"
January 14, 2017 (2017-01-14)

35
9
"The Back of the Book"
January 15, 2017 (2017-01-15)

36
10
"Superpowers"
January 15, 2017 (2017-01-15)

37
11
"Friendship Mission"
January 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)

38
12
"A Matter of Details"
January 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)

39
13
"Grand Gala"
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)

40
14
"Leave Your Troubles"
February 12, 2017 (2017-02-12)

41
15
"Where Is Bianca?"
February 13, 2017 (2017-02-13)

42
16
"Reality"
February 13, 2017 (2017-02-13)

43
17
"Strangers at School"
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)

44
18
"About the Future"
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)

45
19
"#staypositive"
February 15, 2017 (2017-02-15)

46
20
"Mom's Coming!"
February 15, 2017 (2017-02-15)

47
21
"Creative Chaos"
February 16, 2017 (2017-02-16)

48
22
"No Trick, No Illusion"
February 16, 2017 (2017-02-16)

49
23
"The Worst Is the New Best"
February 17, 2017 (2017-02-17)

50
24
"Try Again, Maggie!"
February 17, 2017 (2017-02-17)

51
25
"A Weird Family"
February 18, 2017 (2017-02-18)

52
26
"The Musical"
February 18, 2017 (2017-02-18)

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text: A third season aired in Italy between September 18 and December 2, 2017, and consisted of 26 episodes. The third season has not yet been released internationally on Netflix.

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming on a third season of the series took place during summer 2017,[5] and premiered in mid-September on Rai Gulp in Italy.[6][7]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Maggie & Bianca Fashion Friends was originally televised on Rai Gulp in Italy, where the first season aired from August 29 to September 28, 2016. The second season aired in Italy between January 11 and February 18, 2017, with the third season following between September 18 and December 2, 2017.

text: It also aired on Gulli in France; Disney Channel in Germany; Nickelodeon in Greece, Poland, Netherlands and Benelux; Sitel TV in Macedonia; Vizion Plus and Tip TV in Albania; TV Cultura in Brazil; Megamax in Hungary, Romania and Czech Republic; Карусель in Russia[8] and Biggs in Portugal.[9]

text: The series is also available on Netflix worldwide,[1] including in the countries listed above, as well as in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. The first season was released on Netflix on March 31, 2017, with the second season released on April 30, 2018.


document_title: Justice League (film)

question_text: who is the villain in justice league ending

text: Justice League (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Thousands of years ago, Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons attempted to take over Earth with the combined energies of three Mother Boxes. They are foiled by a unified army that included the Olympian Gods, Amazons, Atlanteans, mankind, and the Green Lantern Corps. After repelling Steppenwolf's army, the Mother Boxes are separated and hidden in locations around the planet. In the present, the world is in mourning over Superman, whose death triggers the Mother Boxes to reactivate and Steppenwolf's return to Earth in an effort to regain favor with his master, Darkseid. Steppenwolf aims to gather the artifacts to form "The Unity", which will destroy Earth's ecology and terraform it in the image of Steppenwolf's homeworld.

text: Steppenwolf manages to retrieve the Mother Box from Themyscira, prompting Queen Hippolyta to warn her daughter Diana of Steppenwolf's return by lighting the invasion fire. Diana joins Bruce Wayne in his attempt to unite other metahumans to their cause, with Wayne going after Arthur Curry and Barry Allen, while Diana tries to locate Victor Stone. Wayne fails to persuade Curry, but manages to recruit an enthusiastic Allen onto the team. Although Diana fails to convince Stone to join, he agrees to help them locate the threat if he discovers their location. Stone later joins the team after his father Silas, along with several other S.T.A.R. Labs employees, is kidnapped by Steppenwolf seeking to acquire the Mother Box from mankind.

text: Steppenwolf attacks Atlantis to retrieve the next Mother Box, forcing Curry into action. The team receives intel from Commissioner James Gordon leading them to Steppenwolf's army, based in an abandoned facility under Gotham Harbor. Although the group manages to rescue the kidnapped employees, the facility is flooded during combat, which traps the team until Curry helps delay the flood so they can escape. Stone retrieves the last Mother Box, which he had hidden, for the group to analyze. Stone reveals that his father used the Mother Box to rebuild Stone's body after an accident almost cost him his life. Wayne decides to use the Mother Box to resurrect Superman, not only to help them fight off Steppenwolf's army, but also to restore hope to mankind. Diana and Curry are hesitant about the idea, but Wayne forms a secret contingency plan in case Superman returns as a nemesis.

text: Clark Kent's body is exhumed and placed in the incubation waters of the Kryptonian ship alongside the Mother Box, which in turn activates and successfully resurrects Superman. However, Superman's memories have not returned, and he attacks the group after Stone accidentally launches a projectile at him. On the verge of being killed by Superman, Batman enacts his contingency plan: Lois Lane. Superman calms down and leaves with Lane to his family home in Smallville, where he reflects and tries to recover his memories. With the final Mother Box unguarded, Steppenwolf retrieves it with ease. Without Superman to aid them, the five heroes travel to a village in Russia where Steppenwolf aims to unite the Mother boxes once again and remake Earth. The team fights their way through the Parademons to reach Steppenwolf, although they are unable to distract him enough for Stone to separate the Mother boxes. Superman arrives and assists Allen in evacuating the city, as well as Stone in separating the Mother Boxes. The team defeats Steppenwolf, who, overcome with fear, is attacked by his own Parademons before they all teleport away.

text: In the aftermath of the battle, Bruce and Diana agree to setup a base of operations for the team, with room for more members. Diana steps back into the public spotlight as a hero; Barry acquires a job in Central City's police department, impressing his father; Victor continues to explore and enhance his abilities with his father in S.T.A.R. Labs; Arthur returns to Atlantis; and Superman resumes his life as reporter Clark Kent. In a post-credits scene, Lex Luthor escapes from Arkham Asylum and recruits Slade Wilson to form their own league.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman:
A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.
Henry Cavill as Clark Kent / Superman:
A member of, and inspiration for, the Justice League, a Kryptonian survivor, and a journalist for the Daily Planet based in Metropolis.
Amy Adams as Lois Lane:
An undaunted and compassionate award-winning journalist for the Daily Planet and the love interest for Kent.[7]
Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman:
An antiquities dealer, acquaintance of Wayne, and an immortal Amazonian warrior, who is the crown princess of Themyscira and daughter of Hippolyta and Zeus. She is endowed with metahuman attributes and abilities inherited from her parents.
Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / Flash:
A Central City University student, who can move at superhuman speeds with his ability to tap into the Speed Force.
Jason Momoa as Arthur Curry / Aquaman:
The heir to the throne of the undersea nation of Atlantis.[8] His metahuman aquatic abilities and physical attributes originate from his Atlantean physiology.
Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg:
A former college athlete who, after being cybernetically reconstructed after a nearly fatal car accident, is turned into a techno-organic being enhanced by reactive, adaptive biomimetic alien technology. Fisher portrays the character through the use of motion capture for the cybernetic portion of his body.[9]
Jeremy Irons as Alfred Pennyworth: Wayne's butler, chief of security, and trusted confidant.[10]
Diane Lane as Martha Kent: Kent's adoptive mother.[7]
Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta: Diana's mother and Queen of the Amazons.[7]
J. K. Simmons as James Gordon: The Commissioner of the Gotham City Police Department, and close ally of Batman.[7]
Ciarán Hinds as the voice of Steppenwolf: An alien military officer from Apokolips who leads an army of Parademons and is searching for the three Mother Boxes held on Earth. The character is described as "old, tired" and trying to find a way to escape his role of servitude under Darkseid.[11] Hinds portrayed the villain through use of motion capture and received some advice in the process from Liam Neeson, who had recently done similar work in A Monster Calls.[12]

text: The Olympian Old Gods Zeus, Ares and Artemis are portrayed by fitness model Sergi Constance, stuntman Nick McKinless, and MMA fighter Aurore Lauzeral, respectively.[13][14] All three were required to reach a specific degree of physicality, with Snyder instructing McKinless to sport "veins like worms and paper thin skin". In the finished film, McKinless' face was replaced with David Thewlis's face, and Thewlis received credit as Ares.[13] Robin Wright reprises her role as Antiope during a flashback sequence.[15] Julian Lewis Jones appears as King Atlan, the ancient king of Atlantis, while Amber Heard portrays the Atlantean Mera.[16][7] Joe Morton reprises his role as Silas Stone, Victor Stone's father and a scientist at S.T.A.R. Labs, while Billy Crudup appears as Henry Allen, Barry Allen's father.[15] Joe Manganiello and Jesse Eisenberg appear uncredited in a post-credits scene as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke and Lex Luthor, respectively.[17] Michael McElhatton appears as a bank robber who clashes with Wonder Woman early in the film,[18] while Holt McCallany makes an uncredited appearance as a burglar.[19] Marc McClure, who portrayed Jimmy Olsen in the Christopher Reeve Superman film series, has a cameo as a police officer.[20] Two unidentified Green Lanterns appear at the beginning of the film, created by use of CGI and embodied by uncredited actors.[21] Willem Dafoe and Kiersey Clemons filmed scenes as Nuidis Vulko and Iris West, respectively, although their roles were cut from the final film. Both actors are signed for multiple films and will appear in future installments of the franchise, Aquaman and Flashpoint, respectively.[22][23] Early in production, a scene depicting Green Lanterns Kilowog and Tomar-Re visiting Batman was filmed as another post-credits scene, further teasing Green Lantern Corps. The scene was later scrapped.[24]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In February 2007, it was announced that Warner Bros. had hired husband and wife duo Michele and Kieran Mulroney to write a script for a Justice League film.[25] The news came around the same time that Joss Whedon's long-developed Wonder Woman film was cancelled,[26] as well as The Flash, written and directed by David S. Goyer.[27] Reportedly titled Justice League: Mortal,[28] Michele and Kiernan Mulroney submitted their script to Warner Bros. in June 2007, receiving positive feedback,[29] which prompted the studio to immediately fast track production in the hope of beginning filming before the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[30] Warner Bros. was less willing to proceed with development of a sequel to Superman Returns, having been disappointed with its box office. Brandon Routh was not approached to reprise the role of Superman in Justice League: Mortal,[31] nor was Christian Bale from Batman Begins.[32] Warner Bros. intended for Justice League: Mortal to be the start of a new film franchise, and to branch out into separate sequels and spin-offs.[33] Shortly after filming The Dark Knight,[34] Bale stated in an interview that "It'd be better if it doesn't tread on the toes of what our Batman series is doing," and felt it would make more sense for Warner Bros. to release the film after The Dark Knight Rises.[32] Jason Reitman was the original choice to direct Justice League, but he turned it down, as he considers himself an independent filmmaker and prefers to stay out of big budget superhero films.[35] George Miller signed to direct in September 2007,[30] with Barrie Osbourne producing[36] on a projected $220 million budget.[37]

text: The following month, roughly 40 actors and actresses auditioned for the ensemble superhero roles, among them Joseph Cross, Michael Angarano, Max Thieriot, Minka Kelly, Adrianne Palicki and Scott Porter. Miller had intended to cast younger actors, as he wanted them to "grow" into their roles over the course of several films.[34] D. J. Cotrona was cast as Superman,[33] along with Armie Hammer as Batman.[38] Jessica Biel reportedly declined to play Wonder Woman role after negotiations.[39] The character was also linked to actresses Teresa Palmer and Shannyn Sossamon, along with Mary Elizabeth Winstead, who confirmed that she had auditioned.[40] Ultimately, Megan Gale was cast as Wonder Woman,[41] while Palmer was cast as Talia al Ghul, whom Miller had in mind to act with a Russian accent.[42] The script for Justice League: Mortal would have featured John Stewart as Green Lantern, a role originally offered to Columbus Short.[43] Hip hop recording artist and rapper Common was cast,[44] with Adam Brody as Barry Allen / Flash,[45] and Jay Baruchel as the lead villain, Maxwell Lord.[46] Longtime Miller collaborator Hugh Keays-Byrne had been cast in an unnamed role, rumored to be Martian Manhunter. Aquaman had yet to be cast.[34][37] Marit Allen was hired as the original costume designer before her untimely death in November 2007,[47] and the responsibilities were assumed by Weta Workshop.[48]

text: However, the writers strike began that same month and placed the film on hold. Warner Bros. had to let the options lapse for the cast,[49] but development was fast tracked once more in February 2008 when the strike ended. Warner Bros. and Miller wanted to start filming immediately,[50] but production was pushed back three months.[33] Originally, the majority of Justice League: Mortal was to be shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney,[37] with other locations scouted nearby at local colleges,[36] and Sydney Heads doubling for Happy Harbor.[28] The Australian Film Commission had a say with casting choices, giving way for George Miller to cast Gale, Palmer and Keays-Bryne, all Australian natives. The production crew was composed entirely of Australians, but the Australian government denied Warner Bros. a 40 percent tax rebate as they felt they had not hired enough Australian actors.[37][51] Miller was frustrated, stating that "A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for the Australian film industry is being frittered away because of very lazy thinking. They're throwing away hundreds of millions of dollars of investment that the rest of the world is competing for and, much more significantly, highly skilled creative jobs."[52] Production offices were then moved to Vancouver Film Studios in Canada. Filming was pushed back to July 2008, while Warner Bros was still confident they could produce the film for a summer 2009 release.[53][54]

text: With production delays continuing, and the success of The Dark Knight in July 2008,[55] Warner Bros. decided to focus on the development of individual films featuring the main heroes, allowing director Christopher Nolan to separately complete his Batman trilogy with The Dark Knight Rises in 2012. Gregory Noveck, senior vice president of creative affairs for DC Entertainment, stated, "we're going to make a Justice League movie, whether it's now or 10 years from now. But we're not going to do it and Warners is not going to do it until we know it's right."[56] Actor Adam Brody joked "They [Warner Brothers] just didn't want to cross their streams with a whole bunch of Batmans in the universe."[57] Warner Bros. relaunched development for a solo Green Lantern film, released in 2011 as a critical and financial disappointment. Meanwhile, film adaptations for The Flash and Wonder Woman continued to languish in development, while filming for a Superman reboot commenced in 2011 with Man of Steel, produced by Nolan and written by Batman screenwriter David S. Goyer. Shortly after filming on Man of Steel was complete, Warner Bros hired Will Beall to write the script for a new Justice League film.[58] Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov explained that Man of Steel would be "setting the tone for what the movies are going to be like going forward. In that, it's definitely a first step."[59] The film included references to the existence of other superheroes in the DC Universe,[60] and set the tone for a shared fictional universe of DC Comics characters on film.[61] Goyer stated that should Green Lantern appear in a future installment, it would be a rebooted version of the character, unconnected to the 2011 film.[62]

text: With the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a sequel, as well as a new Justice League, with the Beall draft being scrapped.[63] The sequel was later revealed to be Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a team-up film featuring Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as The Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg, the latter three in minor roles that became more significant in the Justice League film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on The Dark Knight trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for Batman v Superman.[64] In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's Justice League script.[65] Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[66] On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with Part One on November 17, 2017, and Part Two on June 14, 2019. Snyder was set to direct both films.[67] In early July 2015, EW revealed that the script for Justice League Part One had been completed by Terrio.[68] Zack Snyder stated that the film would be inspired by the New Gods comic series by Jack Kirby.[69] Although Justice League was initially announced as a two-part film, with the second part set for release two years after the first, Snyder stated in June 2016 that they would be two distinct, separate films and not one film split into two parts, both being stand-alone stories.[70][71]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In April 2014, Ray Fisher was cast as Victor Stone / Cyborg. He first cameod in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, followed by a larger role in Justice League.[72][73] Henry Cavill, Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Diane Lane and Amy Adams also reprised their roles from Batman v Superman.[67][74] In October 2014, Jason Momoa was cast as Arthur Curry / Aquaman and debuted as the character in Dawn of Justice.[75][76] On October 20, 2014, Momoa told ComicBook.com that the Justice League film would be released first, and that is what they were preparing for. He thought the solo Aquaman film may be Aquaman's origin story.[77] On January 13, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Amber Heard was in negotiations to appear in the film as Aquaman's love interest Mera.[78] In March 2016, producer Charles Roven said that Green Lantern would not appear in any film before Justice League Part Two, and stated that they "could put Green Lantern in some introduction in Justice League 2, or barring that, a movie after."[79] Also in March, The Hollywood Reporter announced that J. K. Simmons had been cast as Commissioner James Gordon,[80] and Heard was confirmed to join the cast as Mera.[81] Adams also confirmed that she would reprise her role as Lois Lane in both Justice League films.[82][83] By April 2016, Willem Dafoe had been cast in an undisclosed role,[84] later revealed to be Nuidis Vulko,[85] while Cavill confirmed that he would return for both Justice League films.[86] In May 2016, Jeremy Irons confirmed he would appear as Alfred Pennyworth.[10] That same month, Jesse Eisenberg stated that he would reprise his role as Lex Luthor, and in June 2016, confirmed his return in an interview with Shortlist magazine.[87][88] In July 2016, Julian Lewis Jones was cast in an undisclosed role, later revealed to be Atlan, the king of Atlantis.[16] Laurence Fishburne, who portrays Perry White in the DCEU, said he declined to reprise his role in the film due to scheduling conflicts.[89] In April 2017, Michael McElhatton revealed that he had a role in Justice League, which was later revealed to be a bank robber who faces off against Wonder Woman.[18]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography commenced on April 11, 2016, with shooting taking place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, as well as various locations around London and Scotland. Additional filming took place in Chicago, Illinois, Los Angeles, and Djúpavík, in the Westfjords[90] of Iceland.[84][91][92] The old herring factory in Djúpavík was one Iceland filming location (Ben Affleck appeared to be standing near the herring oil tanks in the "Heroes" trailer). Snyder's longtime cinematographer Larry Fong was replaced by Fabian Wagner due to scheduling conflicts.[92] Affleck also served as executive producer.[93] In May 2016, it was revealed that Geoff Johns and Jon Berg would produce the Justice League films, and would also be in charge of the DC Extended Universe, after the largely negative critical reception of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[94] The same month, Irons stated that the Justice League storyline would be more linear and simple, compared to the theatrical version of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[95] Johns confirmed on June 3, 2016 that the title of the film is Justice League,[96] and later stated that the film would be "hopeful and optimistic" in comparison to previous DCEU films.[97] Filming wrapped in October 2016.[98][99][100]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In May 2017, Snyder stepped down during post-production of the film to properly deal with the death of his daughter. Joss Whedon, whom Snyder had previously brought on to rewrite some additional scenes, took over to handle post-production duties in Snyder's place.[101] In July 2017, it was announced the film was undergoing two months of reshoots in London and Los Angeles, with Warner Bros. putting about $25 million into them (more than the typical $6–10 million additional filming costs).[102] The reshoots coincided with Cavill's schedule for Mission: Impossible – Fallout, for which he had grown a moustache which he was contracted to keep while filming, so Justice League's VFX team used special effects to digitally remove the moustache in post-production.[103] Warner Bros. later announced that Whedon would receive a screenwriting credit on the film alongside Chris Terrio.[104]

text: Music[edit]

text: In March 2016, Hans Zimmer, who co-composed the score for Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, stated that he had officially retired from the "superhero business".[105] Junkie XL, who wrote and composed the soundtrack of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with Zimmer, was originally scoring the film.[106] In June 2017, Danny Elfman was announced to have replaced Junkie XL.[107] Elfman had previously composed the films Batman and Batman Returns, and the theme music for Batman: The Animated Series. Elfman confirmed that he would use the Batman theme music from the 1989 film for Batman in the film, and would also briefly use John Williams' Superman theme during "a dark, twisted moment" in the film.[108][109] The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's "Everybody Knows" performed by Sigrid, "Icky Thump" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' "Come Together" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL.[110]

text: Release[edit]

text: Justice League held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America in standard, RealD 3D and IMAX on November 17, 2017.[111] Justice League was released on Digital HD on February 13, 2018, and is scheduled to be released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018.[112]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of February 15, 2018[update], Justice League has grossed $228.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $428.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $657.4 million, against a production budget of $300 million.[3] It had a worldwide opening of $278.8 million, the 24th biggest of all-time.[113][114] The estimated gross worldwide for the film to break even is around $750 million.[115]

text: In the United States and Canada, industry tracking initially forecast the film debuting to $110–120 million from 4,051 theaters (including 400 IMAX screens).[116] It made $13 million from Thursday night previews, up from the $11 million made by Wonder Woman the previous June.[117] However, after making $38.8 million on its first day (including Thursday previews), weekend projections were lowered to $95 million. It ended up debuting to $93.8 million, down 45% from Batman v Superman's opening of $166 million, and being the first film of the DCEU to open under $100 million. Deadline.com attributed the low figure to lukewarm audience reaction to the film and most of its predecessors, as well as poor critical reception, and partly Warner-owned[not in citation given] film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes not posting their aggregated score until the day before release, causing speculation and doubt from filmgoers.[118] In its second weekend, the film dropped 56% to $41.1 million, finishing second at the box office, behind newcomer Coco.[119] It was the second-best second weekend hold of the DCEU, behind Wonder Woman's 43%, but the lowest overall gross.[120] In its third week it again finished second behind Coco, grossing $16.7 million.[121]

text: Internationally, the film was projected to debut to $215–235 million for a worldwide opening of $325–355 million.[122] It made $8.5 million on its first day from nine countries, including South Korea, France and Brazil.[117] It ended up having a $185 million international debut from 65 countries, including $57.1 million from China, $9.8 million from the United Kingdom, $9.6 million from Mexico and $8.8 million from South Korea. The film broke a record in the Philippines with a debut of $1.12M (PHP 57.3M), making it the biggest industry opening day for a film there in 2017.[123] In Brazil, the film opened to $14.2 million, the biggest opening in the country's history.[113]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Justice League received mixed reviews, with critics praising the action sequences and solid performances (primarily Gadot and Miller) while criticizing the writing, pacing, and CGI, as well as the plot as thin, and the villain as underdeveloped.[124] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 40%, based on 301 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Justice League leaps over a number of DC movies, but its single bound isn't enough to shed the murky aesthetic, thin characters, and chaotic action that continue to dog the franchise."[125] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 45 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[126] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale,[118] whereas PostTrak surveyed audiences scored the film 4 out of 5.[127]

text: Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast, especially Gadot, and saying "It's a putting-the-band-together origins movie, executed with great fun and energy."[128] Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review and wrote, "Justice League... has been conceived, in each and every frame, to correct the sins of Batman v Superman. It's not just a sequel—it's an act of franchise penance. The movie... is never messy or bombastic. It's light and clean and simple (at times almost too simple), with razory repartee and combat duels that make a point of not going on for too long."[129]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast but criticizing the action sequences and writing, saying: "The scenes of the League members together, bickering and bonding, spike the film with humor and genuine feeling, creating a rooting interest in the audience. Without it, the film would crumble."[130] Conversely, Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter, while praising Gadot and Miller, called the film visually ugly and boring, saying, "Fatigue, repetition and a laborious approach to exposition are the keynotes of this affair, which is also notable for how Ben Affleck, donning the bat suit for the second time, looks like he'd rather be almost anywhere else but here."[131]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film's poster was nominated for "Best Action Poster" by the Golden Trailer Awards in June 2017.[132] In December 2017, Ezra Miller was nominated for "Best Comedic Performance" for his role as Barry Allen by the San Diego Film Critics Society.[133]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A sequel was scheduled to be released in June 2019,[67] but has since been delayed to accommodate the release for a standalone Batman film.[134] By March 2017, producer Charles Roven announced that Zack Snyder would return as director.[135] In October 2017, J. K. Simmons stated that the studio is working on a sequel script, alongside The Batman.[136] Shortly after the release of Justice League, Henry Cavill stated that he is under contract with Warner Bros. to play Superman for one more film.[137]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that there were "no immediate plans" for Zack Snyder to direct a Justice League sequel, or any other DC films, with Snyder instead being relegated to an executive producer position. This comes after a reshuffling of film production staff at Warner Bros. due to the film's financial performance.[138]


question_text: where was long way to the top filmed

question_tokens: where was long way to the top filmed

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: The song chronicles the hardships endured by a rock band on tour, such as being robbed, assaulted, stoned and cheated by a greedy agent. However, the band accepts these hardships as natural on the path to stardom, saying that "It's a long way to the top/If you wanna rock 'n' roll".[4]

text: Bagpipes[edit]

text: George Young (the older brother of Angus and Malcolm), having heard that Bon Scott was in a pipe band, encouraged the use of bagpipes in the song. Scott obliged despite having never played them before; he had actually been a drummer in the band.[1] Scott used a set of bagpipes to play the song live until 1976, following an incident where he set them down at the corner of a stage and they were destroyed by fans.[1] Subsequent live performances used a recording of the song's bagpipe part or an extended guitar solo by Angus.[2]

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Bon Scott – lead vocals, bagpipes
Angus Young – lead guitar
Malcolm Young – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Mark Evans – bass guitar[5]
Phil Rudd – drums

text: Production[edit]

text: Producers: Harry Vanda, George Young

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video for "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)", was filmed on 23 February 1976 for the Australian music television program Countdown. It featured the band's members on the back of a flatbed truck travelling on Swanston Street in Melbourne, Australia, being followed by members of the Rats of Tobruk Pipe band. Known members of the Rats of Tobruk Pipe Band at the time of the video's filming include: Alan Butterworth, Les Kenfield and Kevin Conlon.[citation needed] The video was dubbed with the studio track from the album T.N.T. and is available on the Family Jewels DVD.[6]

text: The video was directed by Paul Drane.[7] David Olney was the cameraman.[8]

text: Two other videos for the song exist. One version, filmed the same day as the truck version, features the group miming the song on a stage in Melbourne's City Square in front of an audience.[9] The pipe players appear here as well. This version is available in the Backtracks box set. A third version features the group simply miming the song on a soundstage, making it appear as if it were being played live (This version is considered rare and as of 2014 hasn't been officially released on any DVD compilations; it can be found on YouTube). Also, a version of the group performing the song on Australian Bandstand with Scott singing live over the studio track appears on the DVD set Plug Me In.

text: Popularity[edit]

text: In May 2001, Australasian Performing Rights Association (APRA) celebrated its 75th anniversary by naming the Best Australian Songs of all time, as decided by a 100-member industry panel. "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" was ranked as the ninth song on the list.[10] The song is regularly played during stoppages at AFL matches at the ANZ stadium in Sydney.

text: The song was also used in the comedy movie School of Rock (2003) during the ending credits sequence when Jack Black's character, Dewey Finn, is giving his kids an "after-school lesson" on rock.

text: In 2010, this song was ranked no. 3 in Triple M's Ultimate 500 Rock Countdown in Melbourne. The top five were all AC/DC songs.[11]

text: In 2012, this song was inducted into the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia.[12]

text: In the third episode of Empire of Cricket, a 2009 British BBC-TV documentary about the history of cricket, "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" is played over the opening credits. The episode details the history of Australian cricket and its rise to dominance.

text: ITV used the song for the closing montage to their coverage of the 2010 Tour de France. It was the first to be won by an Australian, when BMC's Cadel Evans won the race.

text: A clip of the song's intro is often used by the Golf Channel before commercial breaks.

text: The song is being used to accompany the promotional video for the 2013 Australian Open Tennis Tournament.

text: Keith Urban guitarist Brian Nutter often uses the song during his solo section during live performances.

text: The song is being used by the Chicago Cubs in 2017 as an accompaniment to a video played just prior to the team taking the field.

text: Connection to ACDC Lane[edit]

text: On October 1, 2004, Melbourne, Australia's Corporation Lane was officially renamed "ACDC Lane" in honour of the band (street names in the City of Melbourne cannot contain the "/" character). This change was made in part because the music video for "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" was filmed on Melbourne's Swanston Street, near ACDC Lane. The Melbourne City Council's vote to rename the street was unanimous.[13] Bagpipers played "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" at the official renaming ceremony.[3]

text: Recorded cover versions[edit]

text: Performed by:

text:
Jack Black and the cast of School of Rock - Original soundtrack (2003)
Pat Boone - In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy (1997)
Dead Moon - Destination X (1999)
Die Krupps - Covered In Black: An Industrial Tribute to the Kings of High Voltage (tribute compilation) (1997)
Dropkick Murphys - The Singles Collection, Vol. 2 (2005)
Electric - A Tribute to AC/DC (2006)
John Farnham - b-side to Two Strong Hearts (1988)
John Farnham & Tom Jones - Together in Concert (2005)
Iced Earth - Tribute to the Gods (2002)
Lemmy - Cover Me in '80s Metal (Fantastic Price Records, 2006)
Local H - Pack Up the Cats B-Side. Features Brendan O'Brien playing the bagpipe parts on a hurdy-gurdy.
The Meanies - Fuse Box – An Alternative Tribute (1995)
The Melbourne Ukulele Kollective - ABC-TV's Spicks and Specks (2006)
Motörhead - Thunderbolt: A Tribute to AC/DC (1998)
Nantucket - Long Way to the Top (1980)
Scarlett Pomers - A Millennium Tribute to AC/DC (2010)
Rawkus - AC/DC: Hometown Tribute (2002)
Sandra Weckert - Bar Jazz (2003)
The Wiggles - The Andrew Denton Breakfast Show - Musical Challenge (2000)
Lucinda Williams - Little Honey (2008)
Eric Fish - Gegen den Strom (2007, as Ein langer Weg in German)
W.A.S.P.

text: The song was covered during the credit sequence of the comedy movie School of Rock, performed by Jack Black and the class of children he taught while masquerading as a teacher. However, the children ad-libbed their own lyrics towards the end of the song.

text: Billy Corgan covered the song live as an encore on almost every show during his 2005 tour supporting his debut solo effort TheFutureEmbrace.

text: A dramatic re-interpretation was released by Norwegian duo Susanna and the Magical Orchestra (aka Susanna Wallumrød and Morten Qvenild) in late summer 2006 on their second album Melody Mountain, which consists entirely of cover versions. Their style is slow and melancholic with only cembalo accompaniment to Wallumrød's pure vocal, and brings out the essential sadness of the song.

text: The band Hanson performed this song during some of the shows on the "Walk around the World" tour, often inviting the opening acts back on stage to sing together.

text: Melbourne Ukulele Kollective frequently play the song live, the most notable performances being during ABC-TV's Spicks and Specks in 2004;[14] and during the Australia Day flag-raising ceremony and people's march in 2009.

text: German Medieval Metal Band In Extremo played the song on their Tranquilo-Acoustic Tour in 2009 on German Bagpipes.

text: On the 34th anniversary of the filming of the music video, it was recreated as part of the SLAM (Save Live Australian Music) rally, to protest liquor licensing laws which threaten live music. About ten thousand protesters marched down Swanston Street and up Bourke Street to the Victorian Parliament House, accompanied by the RocKwiz band on a flatbed truck playing the song.