document_title: The Brady Bunch Movie

question_text: who plays cindy in the brady bunch movie

text: The Brady Bunch Movie

text: Plot[edit]

text: Larry Dittmeyer, an unscrupulous real estate developer, explains to his supervisor that almost all the families in his neighborhood have agreed to sell their property as part of a plan to turn the area into a shopping mall, except for the Brady family.

text: At the Bradys' house, Mike and Carol are having breakfast prepared by their housekeeper, Alice, while the six children prepare for school. Jan is jealous of her elder, popular sister Marcia. Cindy is tattling about everything she's hearing. Greg is dreaming of becoming a singer (but sings folk songs more appropriate to the seventies). Peter is nervous that his voice is breaking. Bobby is excited about his new role as hall monitor at school.

text: Cindy gives Mike and Carol a tax delinquency notice (which was earlier mistakenly delivered to the Dittmeyers) stating that they face foreclosure on their house if they do not pay $20,000 in back taxes. The two initially ignore the crisis, but when Mike's architectural design (which is exactly the same as their house) is turned down by two potential clients, he tells Carol that they may have to sell the house.

text: Cindy overhears this and tells her siblings and they look for work to raise money to save the house, but their earnings are nowhere near enough to reach the required sum. Mike manages to sell a Japanese company on one of his dated designs, thereby securing the money, only for Larry to sabotage it by claiming that Mike's last building collapsed.

text: On the night before the Bradys have to move out, Marcia suggests that they enter a "Search for the Stars" contest, the prize of which is exactly $20,000. Jan, having originally suggested this and been rejected, runs away from home. Cindy sees her leave and tattles, and the whole family goes on a search for her. They use their car's citizens' band radio, and their transmission is heard by Schultzy (Ann B. Davis), a long-haul trucker who picks up Jan and convinces her to return home.

text: The next day, the children join the "Search for the Stars" contest with a dated performance that receives poor audience response compared to the more modern performances of other bands. However, the judges — Davy Jones, Micky Dolenz, and Peter Tork of The Monkees — vote for them, and they win the contest as a result. The tax bill is paid and their neighbors withdraw their homes from the market, foiling Larry's plan and securing the neighborhood.

text: Later, Carol's mother (Florence Henderson) arrives and finally convinces Jan to stop being jealous of Marcia, only for Cindy to start feeling jealous of Jan.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Gary Cole as Mike Brady
Shelley Long as Carol Brady
Henriette Mantel as Alice Nelson
Christopher Daniel Barnes as Greg Brady
Christine Taylor as Marcia Brady
Jennifer Elise Cox as Jan Brady
Paul Sutera as Peter Brady
Jesse Lee as Bobby Brady
Olivia Hack as Cindy Brady
David Graf as Sam Franklin
Michael McKean as Larry Dittmeyer
Jean Smart as Dina Dittmeyer
Jack Noseworthy as Eric Dittmeyer
Moriah Snyder as Missy Dittmeyer
R. D. Robb as Charlie Anderson
Shane Conrad as Doug Simpson
Marissa Ribisi as Holly
Alanna Ubach as Noreen
Megan Ward as Donna Leonard
Elisa Pensler-Gabrielli as Miss Linley
RuPaul as Mrs. Cummings
Darion Basco as Eddie
David Leisure as Jason (The modeling firm owner)
Davy Jones as himself
Micky Dolenz as himself
Peter Tork as himself
"Mudd Pagoda" David Darling, vocals; Marc Danzeisen, drums; Roger Joseph Manning, Jr., keyboards; Eric Dover, guitar; and Sheldon Strickland, bass guitar as members of the high school band

text:
Florence Henderson (the original Carol) as the family's grandmother, Carol's mother
Ann B. Davis (the original Alice) as Schultzy, a trucker ("Schultzy" is a reference to her most famous role prior to The Brady Bunch on The Bob Cummings Show)
Barry Williams (the original Greg) as a record producer who rejects the film's Greg's attempts to sell his song
Maureen McCormick (the original Marcia) as a reporter (scenes deleted)
Christopher Knight (the original Peter) as a coach who stops Eric and Leon from bullying the film's Peter in a cafeteria scene
Mike Lookinland (the original Bobby) as a cop (scenes deleted)
Susan Olsen (the original Cindy) as a lemonade Lady (scenes deleted)

text: Robert Reed (the original Mike) died in 1992. Eve Plumb (the original Jan) declined to appear in the film.

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was shot almost entirely in Los Angeles, California, with the Brady house being located in Sherman Oaks. The school scenes were shot at Taft High School in Woodland Hills. Some scenes were filmed at Bowcraft amusement park in Scotch Plains, New Jersey.

text: The producers had sought to film the original house that had been used for exterior shots during the original Brady Bunch series, but the owner of the Studio City, California home refused to restore the property to its 1969 appearance. The filmmakers instead erected a facade around a house in nearby Encino and filmed scenes in the front yard.[2]

text: Release[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Brady Bunch Movie was released in theaters on February 17, 1995. The film opened at #1 at the box office with $14.8 million and grossed $46.6 million in the U.S. and Canada.[1]

text: Television[edit]

text: The Brady Bunch Movie premiered on NBC November 29, 1997 with additional footage not shown in theaters or on home video releases.[citation needed]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Brady Bunch Movie was released on DVD June 10, 2003 and April 25, 2017.[3] The film has also been released digitally on Google Play.[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 64% approval rating based on 41 review and an average rating of 5.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Though lightweight and silly, The Brady Bunch Movie still charms as homage to the 70s sitcom."[5]

text: Leonard Klady of Variety wrote, "For five years back in the early 1970s, U.S. TV homes were in the thrall of The Brady Bunch. Two decades after their small-screen demise, the clean-cut crew is back in mythic form as The Brady Bunch Movie. Part homage, part spoof, the deft balancing act is a clever adaptation—albeit culled from less than pedigreed source material."[6] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "The film establishes a bland, reassuring, comforting Brady reality – a certain muted tone that works just fine but needs, I think, a bleaker contrast from outside to fully exploit the humor. The Brady Bunch Movie is rated PG-13, which is a compromise: The Bradys themselves live in a PG universe, and the movie would have been funnier if when they ventured outside it was obviously Wayne's World."[7] Common Sense Media said that "for those who grew up watching the TV show, The Brady Bunch Movie is deeply satisfying and the best part is its nostalgia. Sure, it's fun to see the Bradys treated as freaks. But the heart of the film is a campy, affectionate interpretation of the TV show."[8]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: A Very Brady Sequel[edit]

text: A Very Brady Sequel, directed by Arlene Sanford, was released theatrically on August 23, 1996. It sees the family routine thrown into disarray when a man claiming to be Carol's long-lost first husband arrives on their doorstep. The family must then follow Carol to Hawaii in order to set things straight. All of the main cast members reprised their roles.

text: The Brady Bunch in the White House[edit]

text: The second sequel, The Brady Bunch in the White House, sees a convoluted series of mishaps end with Mike and Carol Brady elected as President and Vice President of the United States. Despite innocent efforts to improve the country, the Brady family is beset on all sides by controversy and imagined scandals which threaten to tear them apart. Although the original actors for Mike and Carol return, the children and Alice are all recast for this film, which was released as a filmed-for-television movie.


document_title: List of Philadelphia Eagles starting quarterbacks

question_text: who was the eagles quarterback in the 70s

root

text:
NFL lists

Current season[show]

2017 season

Quarterbacks[show]

Starting quarterbacks
by touchdowns / touchdowns (playoffs) /
yardage / 5000 yard seasons / completion / wins

by team
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ

BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT

HOU
IND
JAX
TEN

DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS

CHI
DET
GB
MIN

ATL
CAR
NO
TB

ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

Most wins
Playoff records

Most consecutive starts

Most consecutive games
with touchdown pass

Win–loss records 2012

Running backs[show]

Career rushing attempts leaders
Career rushing yards leaders
Career rushing touchdowns leaders
Annual rushing yards leaders
Annual rushing touchdowns leaders
2,000-yard club
1,000-yard duos

Receivers[show]

Career receptions leaders
Career receiving yards leaders
Career receiving touchdowns leaders
Annual receptions leaders
Annual receiving yards leaders
Annual receiving touchdowns leaders

Defense[show]

Career sacks leaders
Annual sacks leaders
Career interceptions leaders
Annual interceptions leaders

Special teams[show]

Longest field goals
Career field goals leaders
Career punting yards leaders
Career punt return yards leaders
Career kickoff return yards leaders
Annual field goals leaders
Annual punting yards leaders
Annual punt return yards leaders
Annual kickoff return yards leaders

Other lists[show]

Most consecutive starts
(and games played)

Career all-purpose yards leaders
Career scoring leaders

Brett Favre's
career achievements

Peyton Manning's
career achievements

v
t
e

tag: table

text: These quarterbacks have started at least one game for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. They are listed in order of the date of each player's first start at quarterback for the Eagles.

tag: p

text: Regular season[edit]

text: The number of games they started during the season is listed to the right:

text:
Season(s)
Quarterback(s)

1933
Red Kirkman (8) / Dick Thornton (1)

1934
Red Kirkman (7) / Jim Leonard (4)

1935
Stumpy Thomason (7) / Red Kirkman (1) / Irv Kupcinet (1)

1936
Jim Leonard (10) / Glenn Frey (2)

1937
Glenn Frey (5)

1938
Woody Dow (10)

1939
Davey O'Brien (8) / Woody Dow (2)

1940
Davey O'Brien (11)

1941
Len Barnum (2) / Tommy Thompson (5) / Foster Watkins (1)

1942
Tommy Thompson (10)

1943
Roy Zimmerman (9)

1944
Roy Zimmerman (10)

1945
Roy Zimmerman (8) / Allie Sherman (1)

1946
Roy Zimmerman (7) / Tommy Thompson (3)

1947
Tommy Thompson (1)

1948
Jack Myers (7) / Tommy Thompson (4) / Bill Mackrides (1)

1949
Tommy Thompson (9)

1950
Tommy Thompson (12)

1951
Adrian Burk (12)

1952
Bobby Thomason (9) / Adrian Burk (3)

1953
Bobby Thomason (8) / Adrian Burk (4)

1954
Adrian Burk (8) / Bobby Thomason (4)

1955
Adrian Burk (9) / Bobby Thomason (3)

1956
Bobby Thomason (9) / Adrian Burk (3)

1957
Bobby Thomason (7) / Sonny Jurgensen (5)

1958
Norm Van Brocklin (12)

1959
Norm Van Brocklin (12)

1960
Norm Van Brocklin (12)

1961
Sonny Jurgensen (14)

1962
Sonny Jurgensen (13) / King Hill (1)

1963
Sonny Jurgensen (9) / King Hill (5)

1964
Norm Snead (10) / King Hill (2) / Jack Concannon (2)

1965
Norm Snead (9) / King Hill (5)

1966
Norm Snead (10) / King Hill (2) / Jack Concannon (2)

1967
Norm Snead (14)

1968
Norm Snead (11) / King Hill (2) / John Huarte (1)

1969
Norm Snead (13) / George Mira (1)

1970
Norm Snead (13) / Rick Arrington (1)

1971
Pete Liske (10) / Rick Arrington (4)

1972
John Reaves (7) / Pete Liske (7)

1973
Roman Gabriel (14)

1974
Roman Gabriel (11) / Mike Boryla (3)

1975
Roman Gabriel (9) / Mike Boryla (5)

1976
Mike Boryla (10) / Roman Gabriel (4)

1977
Ron Jaworski (14)

1978
Ron Jaworski (16)

1979
Ron Jaworski (16)

1980
Ron Jaworski (16)

1981
Ron Jaworski (16)

1982
Ron Jaworski (9)[a]

1983
Ron Jaworski (16)

1984
Ron Jaworski (13) / Joe Pisarcik (3)

1985
Ron Jaworski (12) / Randall Cunningham (4)

1986
Ron Jaworski (9) / Randall Cunningham (5) / Matt Cavanaugh (2)

1987
Randall Cunningham (12) / Scott Tinsley (2) / Guido Merkens (1)

1988
Randall Cunningham (16)

1989
Randall Cunningham (16)

1990
Randall Cunningham (16)

1991
Jim McMahon (11) / Jeff Kemp (2) / Brad Goebel (2)/ Randall Cunningham (1)

1992
Randall Cunningham (15) / Jim McMahon (1)

1993
Bubby Brister (8) / Ken O'Brien (4) / Randall Cunningham (4)

1994
Randall Cunningham (14) / Bubby Brister (2)

1995
Rodney Peete (12) / Randall Cunningham (4)

1996
Ty Detmer (11) / Rodney Peete (5)

1997
Ty Detmer (7) / Bobby Hoying (6) / Rodney Peete (3)

1998
Bobby Hoying (7) / Koy Detmer (5) / Rodney Peete (4)

1999
Doug Pederson (9) / Donovan McNabb (6) / Koy Detmer (1)

2000
Donovan McNabb (16)

2001
Donovan McNabb (16)

2002
Donovan McNabb (10) / A. J. Feeley (5) / Koy Detmer (1)

2003
Donovan McNabb (16)

2004
Donovan McNabb (15) / Koy Detmer (1)

2005
Donovan McNabb (9) / Mike McMahon (7)

2006
Donovan McNabb (10) / Jeff Garcia (6)

2007
Donovan McNabb (14) / A. J. Feeley (2)

2008
Donovan McNabb (16)

2009
Donovan McNabb (14) / Kevin Kolb (2)

2010
Kevin Kolb (5) / Michael Vick (11)

2011
Michael Vick (13) / Vince Young (3)

2012
Michael Vick (10) / Nick Foles (6)

2013
Michael Vick (6) / Nick Foles (10)

2014
Nick Foles (8) / Mark Sanchez (8)

2015
Sam Bradford (14) / Mark Sanchez (2)

2016
Carson Wentz (16)

2017
Carson Wentz (13) / Nick Foles (3)

text: Notes:


document_title: Mediastinum

question_text: where is the mediastinum located in the human body

text: Mediastinum

text: Structure[edit]

text: The mediastinum lies within the thorax and is enclosed on the right and left by pleurae. It is surrounded by the chest wall in front, the lungs to the sides and the spine at the back. It extends from the sternum in front to the vertebral column behind, and contains all the organs of the thorax except the lungs. It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck.

text: The mediastinum can be divided into an upper (or superior) and lower (or inferior) part:

text:
The superior mediastinum starts at the superior thoracic aperture and ends at the thoracic plane.
The thoracic plane separates the superior and inferior mediastinum. It is a plane at the level of the sternal angle, and the intervertebral disc of T4–T5.[3][4][5]
The inferior mediastinum from this level to the diaphragm. This lower part is subdivided into three regions, all relative to the pericardium – the anterior mediastinum being in front of the pericardium, the middle mediastinum contains the pericardium and its contents, and the posterior mediastinum being behind the pericardium.

tag: ul

text: Anatomists, surgeons, and clinical radiologists compartmentalize the mediastinum differently. For instance, in the radiological scheme of Felson, there are only three compartments (anterior, middle, and posterior), and the heart is part of the anterior mediastinum.[6][page needed]

text: Superior mediastinum[edit]

text: The superior mediastinum is bounded:

text:
superiorly by the thoracic inlet, the upper opening of the thorax;
inferiorly by the transverse thoracic plane;
laterally by the pleurae;
anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum;
posteriorly by the first four thoracic vertebral bodies.

text:
[show]Contents

Mediastinum anatomy.

Some mediastinal structures on a chest radiograph.

Contents

muscles

origins of the Sternohyoidei and Sternothyreoidei
lower ends of the Longi colli

arteries

aortic arch
brachiocephalic artery
thoracic portions of the left common carotid and the left subclavian

veins

brachiocephalic veins and
upper half of the superior vena cava
left highest intercostal vein

nerves

vagus nerve
cardiac nerve
superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
phrenic nerve
left recurrent laryngeal nerve

trachea with paratracheal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes
esophagus
thoracic duct
remains of the thymus
some lymph glands
anterior longitudinal ligament

text: Thoracic plane[edit]

text: The thoracic plane separates the superior and inferior mediastinum. It is a plane at the level of the sternal angle, and the intervertebral disc of T4–T5.[7][8][9]

text: A number of structures occur at the level of the thoracic plane, which divides the superior and inferior mediastinum:

text:
[show]Structures at the level of the thoracic plane edit

The start and end of the aortic arch
The division between the superior and inferior mediastinum
The upper margin of the superior vena cava [10]
The crossing of the thoracic duct
The bifurcation of the trachea [11]
The bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk
The level of the sternal angle
The level of Rib 2 where it attaches to the sternum via the 3nd costal cartilage
The body of vertebrae T4 (the disc between the vertebrae T4 and T5)
The drainage of the azygos vein into the superior vena cava
thymus gland(in some cases)

12 The devision between the abdomin and the thorax (just discovered) compiled by

text: Inferior mediastinum[edit]

text: Is bounded:

text:
laterally by the pleurae;
posteriorly by the pericardium;
anteriorly by the sternum, the left transversus thoracis and the fifth, sixth, and seventh left costal cartilages.

text:
[show]Contents

Contents

A quantity of loose areolar tissue
Some lymphatic vessels which ascend from the convex surface of the liver
Two or three anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
The small mediastinal branches of the internal thoracic artery
Thymus (involuted in adults)

text: superior and inferior sternopericardial ligaments

text: Bounded: pericardial sac – It contains the vital organs and is classified into the serous and fibrous pericardium.

text:
[show]Contents

Contents

the heart enclosed in the pericardium
the ascending aorta
the lower half of the superior vena cava with the azygos vein opening into it
the bifurcation of the trachea and the two bronchi
the pulmonary trunk dividing into its two branches
the right and left pulmonary veins
the phrenic nerves
some bronchial lymphatic glands
pericardiocophrenic vessels

text: Is bounded:

text:
Anteriorly by (from above downwards);bifurcation of trachea; pulmonary vessels; fibrous pericardium and posterior sloping surface of diaphragm
Inferiorly by the thoracic surface of the diaphragm (below);
Superiorly by the transverse thoracic plane;
Posteriorly by the bodies of the vertebral column from the lower border of the fifth to the twelfth thoracic vertebra (behind);
Laterally by the mediastinal pleura (on either side).

text:
[show]Contents

artery

thoracic part of the descending aorta

veins

azygos vein
the hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein

nerves

vagus nerve
splanchnic nerves
sympathetic chain

esophagus
thoracic duct
some lymph glands

text: A transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the middle and the posterior mediastinum.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: The mediastinum is frequently the site of involvement of various tumors:

text:
Anterior mediastinum: substernal thyroid goiters, lymphoma, thymoma, and teratoma.
Middle mediastinum: lymphadenopathy, metastatic disease such as from small cell carcinoma from the lung.
Posterior mediastinum: Neurogenic tumors, either from the nerve sheath (mostly benign) or elsewhere (mostly malignant).

text: Mediastinitis is inflammation of the tissues in the mediastinum, usually bacterial and due to rupture of organs in the mediastinum. As the infection can progress very quickly, this is a serious condition.

text: Pneumomediastinum is the presence of air in the mediastinum, which in some cases can lead to pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumopericardium if left untreated. However, that does not always occur and sometimes those conditions are actually the cause, not the result, of pneumomediastinum. These conditions frequently accompany Boerhaave syndrome, or spontaneous esophageal rupture.

text: Widened mediastinum[edit]

text:
Widened mediastinum

Synonyms
Mediastinal widening

Widened mediastinum in a patient with achalasia

Classification and external resources

ICD-9-CM
519.3

DiseasesDB
29459

[edit on Wikidata]

text: Widened mediastinum/mediastinal widening is where the mediastinum has a width greater than 6 cm on an upright PA chest X-ray or 8 cm on supine AP chest film.[12]

text: A widened mediastinum can be indicative of several pathologies:[13][14]

text:
aortic aneurysm[15]
aortic dissection[16]
aortic unfolding
aortic rupture
hilar lymphadenopathy
anthrax inhalation - a widened mediastinum was found in 7 of the first 10 victims infected by anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) in 2001.[17]
esophageal rupture - presents usually with pneumomediastinum and pleural effusion. It is diagnosed with water-soluble swallowed contrast.
mediastinal mass
mediastinitis
cardiac tamponade[18]
pericardial effusion
thoracic vertebrae fractures in trauma patients.


document_title: Zorbas

question_text: who wrote the music for zorba the greek

question_tokens: who wrote the music for zorba the greek

text: Zorbas

text:
"Zorbas"

Instrumental

Published
1964

Composer(s)
Mikis Theodorakis

text: "Zorbas" (or more commonly, "Zorba's Dance") is an instrumental by Greek composer MikisTheodorakis.[1] The song featured in the 1964 film Zorba the Greek, for which Theodorakis wrote the soundtrack,[2] and became popular around the world. It is now commonly played and danced to in Greek tavernas. The film's track has since been recorded as a standalone song by many different musicians from around the world.[3] Some of the more notable are listed below.

text: Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass recorded a 4:25 version of the song (as "Zorba the Greek") for their 1965 album Going Places.[4] Issued in single, the song reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

text: The tune reached number 6 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1965, performed by Marcello Minerbi (Durium Records DRS 54001).[5]

text: The song was featured, among others, in the film Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, and in the "Subdivision" episode of Prison Break, where Charles "Haywire" Patoshik raided a fast food joint and gorged himself on soda and ice cream.

text: The song is particularly infamous in Peru for its association with Sendero Luminoso. In the early 1990s, a video of Sendero Luminoso's leadership dancing to the song was given to the media, showing that the organization's heads were hiding in Lima itself.[citation needed]

text: The British dance act LCD covered the song in 1998. Their version peaked at number 20 in the UK chart that year, and at number 22 when re-issued in October 1999.[6]


document_title: Category 6 cable

question_text: what is the maximum length of cat 6 cable

text: Category 6 cable

text: Description[edit]

text: Category 6 cable can be identified by the printing on the side of the cable sheath.[2]

text: Cat 6 patch cables are normally terminated in 8P8C modular connectors. If Cat 6 rated patch cables, jacks and connectors are not used with Cat 6 wiring, overall performance is degraded and may not meet Cat 6 performance specifications.[3]

text: Connectors use either T568A or T568B pin assignments; performance is comparable provided both ends of a cable are terminated identically.

text: Category 6A[edit]

text: The standard for Category 6A is ANSI/TIA-568-C.1, defined by the TIA for enhanced performance standards for twisted pair cable systems. It was defined in 2009.[citation needed] Category 6A is defined at frequencies up to 500 MHz—twice that of Cat 6.

text: Category 6A performs at improved specifications, in particular in the area of alien crosstalk as compared to Cat 6 UTP (unshielded twisted pair), which exhibited high alien noise in high frequencies.

text: The global cabling standard ISO/IEC 11801 has been extended by the addition of amendment 2. This amendment defines new specifications for Cat 6A components and Class EA permanent links. These new global Cat 6A/Class EA specifications require a new generation of connecting hardware offering far superior performance compared to the existing products that are based on the American TIA standard.[4]

text: The most important point is a performance difference between ISO/IEC and EIA/TIA component specifications for the NEXT transmission parameter. At a frequency of 500 MHz, an ISO/IEC Cat 6A connector performs 3 dB better than a Cat 6A connector that conforms with the EIA/TIA specification. 3 dB equals 50 % reduction of near-end crosstalk noise signal power; see Half-power point.[4]

text: Confusion therefore arises because of the different naming conventions and performance benchmarks laid down by the International ISO/IEC and American TIA/EIA standards, which in turn are different from the regional European standard, EN 50173-1. In broad terms, the ISO standard for Cat 6A is the highest, followed by the European standard, and then the American (1 on 1 matching capability).[5][6][page needed]

text: Maximum length[edit]

text: When used for 10/100/1000BASE-T, the maximum allowed length of a Cat 6 cable is up to 100 meters (328 ft). This consists of 90 meters (295 ft) of solid "horizontal" cabling between the patch panel and the wall jack, plus 5 meters (16 ft) of stranded patch cable between each jack and the attached device.[7] For 10GBASE-T, an unshielded Cat 6 cable should not exceed 55 meters.[8]

text: Installation caveats[edit]

text: Category 6 and 6A cable must be properly installed and terminated to meet specifications. The cable must not be kinked or bent too tightly (the bend radius should be at least four times the outer diameter of the cable[9]). The wire pairs must not be untwisted and the outer jacket must not be stripped back more than 0.5 in (12.7 mm).

text: Cable shielding may be required in order to improve a Cat 6 cable's performance in high electromagnetic interference (EMI) environments. This shielding reduces the corrupting effect of EMI on the cable's data. Shielding is typically maintained from one cable end to the other using a drain wire that runs through the cable alongside the twisted pairs. The shield's electrical connection to the chassis on each end is made through the jacks. The requirement for ground connections at both cable ends creates the possibility that a ground loop may result if one of the networked chassis is at different instantaneous electrical potential with respect to its mate. This undesirable situation may compel currents to flow between chassis through the network cable shield, and these currents may in turn induce detrimental noise in the signal being carried by the cable.

text: Category 6e[edit]

text: Category 6e is not a standard, and is frequently misused because category 5 followed with 5e as an enhancement on category 5. Soon after the ratification of Cat 6, a number of manufacturers began offering cable labeled as "Category 6e". Their intent was to suggest their offering was an upgrade to the Category 6 standard—presumably naming it after Category 5e. However, no legitimate Category 6e standard exists,[10] and Cat 6e is not a recognized standard by the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 7 is an ISO standard, but not a TIA standard. Cat 7 is already in place as a shielded cable solution with non-traditional connectors that are not backward-compatible with category 3 through 6A. Category 8 is the next UTP cabling offering to be backward compatible.[11]


document_title: AP Poll

question_text: when do college basketball polls come out each week

text: AP Poll

text: College football[edit]

text: The football poll is released Sundays at 2pm Eastern time during the football season, unless ranked teams have not finished their games.

text: History[edit]

text: The AP college football poll has a long history. The news media began running their own polls of sports writers to determine who was, by popular opinion, the best football team in the country at the end of the season. One of the earliest such polls was the AP College Football Poll, first run in 1934.[3] In 1935, AP sports editor Alan J. Gould declared a three way tie for national champion in football between Minnesota, Princeton, and Southern Methodist. Minnesota fans protested, and a number of Gould's colleagues led by Charles "Cy" Sherman suggested he create a poll of sports editors instead of only using his own list, and the next year the poll was born.[4] It has run continuously from 1936.[5]

text: Due to the long-standing historical ties between individual college football conferences and high-paying bowl games like the Rose Bowl and Orange Bowl, the NCAA had not held a tournament or championship game to determine the champion of what is now the highest division, NCAA Division I, Football Bowl Subdivision (the Division I, Football Championship Subdivision and lower divisions do hold championship tournaments). As a result, the public and the media began to acknowledge the leading vote-getter in the final AP Poll as the national champion for that season.

text: While the AP Poll currently lists the Top 25 teams in the nation, from 1936 to 1961 the wire service only ranked 20 teams. From 1962 to 1967 only 10 teams were recognized. From 1968 to 1988, the AP again resumed its Top 20 before expanding to the current 25 teams in 1989.

text: The AP began conducting a preseason poll starting in 1950.[6][7]

text: At the end of the 1947 season the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular season final poll.[8] Until the 1968 college football season, the final AP poll of the season was released following the end of the regular season, with the lone exception of the 1965 season. In 1964, Alabama was named the national champion in the final AP Poll following the completion of the regular season, but lost in the Orange Bowl to Texas, leaving Arkansas as the only undefeated, untied team after the Razorbacks defeated Nebraska in the Cotton Bowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid handsomely, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll (Michigan State was named national champion in the final UPI Coaches Poll, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll).

text: Beginning in the 1968 season, the post bowl game poll became permanent and the AP championship reflected the bowl game results. The UPI did not follow suit with the coaches' poll until the 1974 season.

text: No. 1 vs. No. 2[edit]

text: As of the completion of the 2015 season the number one ranked team has faced the number two ranked team 50 times since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936.[9] The number one team has a record of 28–20–2 against the number two team.[9]

text:
No. 1 vs. No. 2 games

Light blue indicates bowl game

Season
No. 1
Result
No. 2
Site
Event

1943
Notre Dame
35–12
Michigan
Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI
1943 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1943
Notre Dame
14–13
Iowa Pre-Flight
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN

1944
Army
23–7
Navy
Baltimore Stadium • Baltimore, MD
1944 Army–Navy Game

1945
Army
48–0
Notre Dame
Yankee Stadium • New York, NY
1945 Army–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1945
Army
32-13
Navy
Philadelphia Municipal Stadium • Philadelphia, PA
1945 Army–Navy Game

1946
Army
0–0
Notre Dame
Yankee Stadium • New York, NY
1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game

1962
USC
42–37
Wisconsin
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
1963 Rose Bowl

1963
Oklahoma
7–28
Texas
Cotton Bowl • Dallas, TX
1963 Red River Shootout game

1963
Texas
28–6
Navy
Cotton Bowl • Dallas, TX
1964 Cotton Bowl Classic

1966
Notre Dame
10–10
Michigan State
Spartan Stadium • East Lansing, MI
1966 Notre Dame vs. Michigan State football game

1968
Purdue
37–22
Notre Dame
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN
1968 Shillelagh Trophy game

1968
Ohio State
27–16
USC
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
1969 Rose Bowl

1969
Texas
15–14
Arkansas
Razorback Stadium • Fayetteville, AR
1969 Texas vs. Arkansas football game

1971
Nebraska
35–31
Oklahoma
Oklahoma Memorial Stadium • Norman, OK
1971 Nebraska vs. Oklahoma football game

1971
Nebraska
38–6
Alabama
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1972 Orange Bowl

1978
Penn State
7–14
Alabama
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1979 Sugar Bowl

1981
USC
28–24
Oklahoma
Los Angeles Coliseum • Los Angeles

1982
Georgia
23–27
Penn State
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1983 Sugar Bowl

1985
Iowa
12–10
Michigan
Kinnick Stadium • Iowa City, IA

1986
Oklahoma
16–28
Miami
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL

1986
Miami
10–14
Penn State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1987 Fiesta Bowl

1987
Nebraska
7–17
Oklahoma
Memorial Stadium • Lincoln, NE
1987 Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry game

1987
Oklahoma
14–20
Miami
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1988 Orange Bowl

1988
Notre Dame
27–10
USC
Los Angeles Coliseum • Los Angeles
1988 Jeweled Shillelagh game

1989
Notre Dame
24–19
Michigan
Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI
1989 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1991
Florida State
16–17
Miami
Doak Campbell Stadium • Tallahassee, FL
1991 Miami vs. Florida State football game

1992
Miami
13–34
Alabama
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1993 Sugar Bowl

1993
Florida State
24–31
Notre Dame
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN
1993 Florida State vs. Notre Dame football game

1993
Florida State
18–16
Nebraska
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1994 Orange Bowl

1995
Nebraska
62–24
Florida
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1996 Fiesta Bowl

1996
Florida
21–24
Florida State
Doak Campbell Stadium • Tallahassee, FL
1996 Florida–Florida State football rivalry game

1998
Tennessee
23–16
Florida State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1999 Fiesta Bowl

1999
Florida State
46–29
Virginia Tech
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2000 Sugar Bowl

2002
Miami
24–31 2OT
Ohio State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
2003 Fiesta Bowl

2004
USC
55–19
Oklahoma
Pro Player Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2005 Orange Bowl

2005
USC
38–41
Texas
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
2006 Rose Bowl

2006
Ohio State
24–7
Texas
Darrell K Royal – Texas Memorial Stadium • Austin, TX

2006
Ohio State
42–39
Michigan
Ohio Stadium • Columbus, OH
2006 Michigan vs. Ohio State football game

2006
Ohio State
14–41
Florida
University of Phoenix Stadium • Glendale, AZ
2007 BCS National Championship Game

2007
Ohio State
24–38
LSU
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2008 BCS National Championship Game

2008
Alabama
20–31
Florida
Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA
2008 SEC Championship Game

2008
Florida
24–14
Oklahoma
Sun Life Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2009 BCS National Championship Game

2009
Florida
13–32
Alabama
Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA
2009 SEC Championship Game

2009
Alabama
37–21
Texas
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
2010 BCS National Championship Game

2010
Auburn
22–19
Oregon
University of Phoenix Stadium • Glendale, AZ
2011 BCS National Championship Game

2011
LSU
9–6 OT
Alabama
Bryant–Denny Stadium • Tuscaloosa, AL
2011 LSU vs. Alabama football game

2011
LSU
0–21
Alabama
Mercedes-Benz Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2012 BCS National Championship Game

2012
Notre Dame
14–42
Alabama
Sun Life Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2013 BCS National Championship Game

2013
Florida State
34–31
Auburn
Rose Bowl · Pasadena, CA
2014 BCS National Championship Game

2015
Clemson
40–45
Alabama
University of Phoenix Stadium · Glendale, AZ
2016 College Football Playoff National Championship

text: AP Poll inclusion in the BCS[edit]

text: In 1997, the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) was developed to try to unify the poll results by picking two teams for a "real" national championship game. For the first several years the AP Poll factored in the determination of the BCS rankings, along with other factors including the Coaches Poll and computer-based polls. Because of a series of controversies surrounding the BCS, the AP demanded in December, 2004, that its poll no longer be used in the BCS rankings,[10] and so the 2004–2005 season was the last season that the AP Poll was used for this purpose.

text: In the 2003 season the BCS system broke down when the final BCS standings ranked the University of Southern California (USC) at No. 3 while the two human polls in the system had ranked USC at No. 1. As a result, USC did not play in the BCS' designated national championship game. After defeating another highly ranked team, Michigan, in its final game, the AP Poll kept USC at No. 1 while the Coaches Poll was contractually obligated to select the winner of the BCS game, Louisiana State University (LSU), as the No. 1 team. The resulting split national title was the very problem that the BCS was created to solve, and has been widely considered an embarrassment.[11]

text: In 2004, a new controversy erupted at the end of the season when Auburn and Utah, who both finished the regular season 12–0, were left out of the BCS title game in favor of Oklahoma who also was 12–0 and had won decisively over Colorado in the Big 12 Championship game. USC went on to a win easily over Oklahoma in the Orange Bowl while Auburn and Utah both won their bowl games, leaving three undefeated teams at the end of the season. Also, in that same year, Texas made up late ground on California (Cal) in the BCS standings and as a result grabbed a high-payout, at-large spot in the Rose Bowl. Previous to that poll, Cal had been ranked ahead of Texas in both human polls and the BCS poll. Going into their final game, the Golden Bears were made aware that while margin of victory did not affect computer rankings, it did affect human polls and just eight voters changing their vote could affect the final standings.[12] Both teams won their game that week, but the Texas coach, Mack Brown, had made a public effort to lobby for his team to be moved higher in the ranking. When the human polls were released, Texas remained behind Cal, but it had closed the gap enough so that the BCS poll (which determines placement) placed Texas above Cal, angering both Cal and its conference, the Pac-10.[13] The final poll positions had been unchanged with Cal at No. 4 AP, No. 4 coaches, and No. 6 computers polls and Texas at No. 6 AP, No. 5 coaches, and No. 4 computer polls.[13] The AP Poll voters were caught in the middle because their vote changes were automatically made public, while the votes of the Coaches poll were kept confidential. Although there had been a more substantial shift in the votes of the Coaches Poll, the only clear targets for the ire of fanatical fans were the voters in the AP Poll. While officials from both Cal and the Pac-10 called for the coaches' votes to be made public, the overtures were turned down and did little to solve the problem of AP voters. Cal went on to lose to Texas Tech in the Holiday Bowl. Texas defeated Michigan in the Rose Bowl.

text: Many members of the press who voted in the AP Poll were upset by the controversy and, at the behest of its members, the AP asked that its poll no longer be used in the BCS rankings. The 2004 season was the last season that the AP Poll was used in the BCS rankings, it was replaced in the BCS equation by the newly created Harris Interactive College Football Poll.[14]

text: Final AP football polls[edit]

text: Other media football polls[edit]

text: The AP Poll is not the only college football poll. The other major poll is the Coaches Poll, which has been sponsored by several organizations: the United Press (1950–1957), the United Press International (1958–1990), USA Today (1991–present), CNN (1991–1996), and ESPN (1997–2005). Having two major polls has led to numerous "split" national titles, where the two polls disagreed on the No. 1 team. This has occurred on eleven different occasions (1954, 1957, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1990, 1991, 1997, 2003).

text: College basketball[edit]

text: In Division I men's and women's college basketball, the AP Poll is largely just a tool to compare schools throughout the season and spark debate, as it has no bearing on postseason play. Generally, all top 25 teams in the poll are invited to the men's and women's NCAA basketball tournament, also known as March Madness. The poll is usually released every Monday and voters' ballots are made public.[15]

text: Men's basketball[edit]

text: The AP began compiling a ranking of the top 20 college men's basketball teams during the 1948–1949 season. It has issued this poll continuously since the 1950–1951 season. As of January 2018, UCLA and Duke are tied for the most appearances atop the rankings at 134 times.[16]

text: Women's basketball[edit]

text: The women's basketball poll began during the 1976–1977 season, and was initially compiled by Mel Greenberg and published by The Philadelphia Inquirer. At first, it was a poll of coaches conducted via telephone, where coaches identified top teams and a list of the Top 20 team was produced. The initial list of coaches did not include Pat Summitt, who asked to join the group, not to improve her rankings, but because of the lack of media coverage, Summitt believed it would be a good way to stay on top of who the top teams were outside of her own schedule.[17] The contributors continued to be coaches until 1994, when the AP took over administration of the poll from Greenberg, and switched to a panel of writers.[18] In 1994, Tennessee started out as No. 1 in the polls with Connecticut at No. 4. After losses by the No. 2 and No. 3 teams, Tennessee and Connecticut were ranked No. 1 and No. 2, headed into a showdown, scheduled as a special event on Martin Luther King day, the only women's basketball game scheduled on that day. Because of the unusual circumstances, the decision was made to hold off the AP voting for one day, to ensure it would be after the game. Connecticut won the game, and moved into first place in the AP poll, published on Tuesday for the only time. (Connecticut went on to complete an undefeated season.)[19] Over the history of the poll, over 255 coaches have had a team represented in polls.[20]

text: NFL football[edit]

text: Beginning in 2012, the AP began issuing a weekly pro football ranking, the AP Pro32 rankings.[21]


document_title: The Last Man on Earth (TV series)

question_text: when does last man on earth take place

question_tokens: when does last man on earth take place

text: The Last Man on Earth (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Almost a year after a deadly virus sweeps Earth, Phil Miller (Will Forte) is seemingly the only human survivor in late 2020. As he searches for others and paints signs stating he is alive in his hometown of Tucson, Arizona, he finds no one. Before attempting suicide, he discovers another survivor, Carol Pilbasian (Kristen Schaal).[11] Despite being annoyed by each other, Carol insists Phil marry her so their children will not be born out of wedlock. Although Phil thinks that it is ridiculous to hang on to traditions from the "old world", they marry for re-population purposes. Over the next several months, more survivors join them. When Phil's irritating attitude leads to his banishment from Tucson, Carol leaves with him.

text: In season 2, Phil and Carol continue their road trip in the middle of 2023.[12] They discover the group has relocated to Malibu, California and travel there to reunite with them and rebuild trust. Meanwhile, Phil's astronaut brother Mike Miller (Jason Sudeikis) crashes down to Earth and finds his way to Malibu, where he joins the survivors briefly before possibly being infected by the virus.

text: In season 3, following a potential threat by Pat Brown (Mark Boone Junior), the survivors move to a self-sustaining office building in San Jose, California, where Melissa (January Jones) struggles with mental instability and Carol discovers a young boy living in the woods whom they name Jasper. As time passes, Erica (Cleopatra Coleman) gives birth to a girl named Dawn, and the group decides to leave the United States when they believe nuclear power plants are melting down all over the country.

text: In season 4, after meeting and parting ways with Pamela Brinton (Kristen Wiig) and Glenn (Chris Elliott), the survivors move to Zihuatanejo, Mexico, to avoid any nuclear meltdowns that may be occurring in the United States. While there, Carol gives birth to twin daughters and becomes pregnant again a few weeks later; Erica becomes pregnant again with Todd's (Mel Rodriguez) first child; and Mike temporarily rejoins the group, having recovered from what was actually a weakened immune system, before leaving to search for a way to start his own family. The main group then moves to Tapachula, only to be found and surrounded by dozens of underground survivors as season 4 concludes.

text: Although the series was canceled with season 4, the plan for the subsequent season was to have both groups of survivors live together and gain one another's trust before the main characters ended up infecting and killing all of the others as carriers of the virus.[13]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Will Forte as Philip Tandy[14] Miller (first addressed by the other characters as "Phil", then "Tandy"), an average, socially challenged man and seemingly the only human survivor after a virus wiped out nearly the entire population about a year earlier. He lives in his hometown of Tucson, Arizona, having already searched North America for other living people. In his pre-virus life, he worked dead-end jobs and lived in a studio apartment for which his parents paid the rent. Out of loneliness, he has adopted various sports balls as "buddies", drawn faces on them, and given them such names as Terence, Trent and D'Arby. He has painted "Alive in Tucson" on billboards and highway signs during his trip, hoping others might see the message. Phil is married to Carol and they have twin girls together. Forte describes him as "a selfish person who sometimes borders on being a flat-out sociopath".[15] Jacob Tremblay portrays young Phil,[16] who appears to his brother Mike in multiple visions in the episode "Pitch Black".[17]
Kristen Schaal as Carol Andrew Pilbasian Miller, a notary from Delaware who sees Phil's "Alive in Tucson" sign and travels to Tucson. She pressures Phil to marry her so they can work towards repopulating the Earth with "legitimate" children. Carol is shown to be compassionate and is good friends with Melissa and Todd but can hold grudges and be stridently moralistic.[18] Carol and Phil divorce in the middle of the first season, but Carol chooses to leave with Phil after he is banished from Tucson and they subsequently remarry. In the second season, she and Phil regain the survivors' trust, and she becomes pregnant with Phil's child after he finally tells her he loves her. In the fourth season, she gives birth to twin daughters Bezequille and Mike, the latter named for Phil's brother.
January Jones as Melissa Shart[19] ("Chartres" was used in the season 2 episode, "The Boo",[20]) a former real estate agent from Akron, Ohio who used to be married to the late Greg until he cheated on her with a police officer. She meets Phil and Carol after they crash their pickup truck into her limousine. She saw Phil's original "Alive in Tucson" sign and traveled to Tucson before Carol. Phil is initially very attracted to her and frequently vies for her affection despite having just married Carol, so Melissa does not like or trust him. She begins dating Todd after he joins the group.[21] In the second season, Melissa decides she does not want to have children and breaks up with Todd, but when she changes her mind, she and Gail eventually agree to simultaneously date Todd. In season 3, Melissa kills Darrell, one of paranoiac Pat Brown's crew, and consequently starts acting strangely, ultimately forcing Todd to lock her in a focus-group room to stop her from jumping off a building. The survivors help cure her condition using Clozapine, and Melissa marries Todd near the end of the third season.
Mel Rodriguez as Todd Dimas Rodriguez, another surviving man who, while on his way to Mexico, finds Phil and company after he sees some fireworks set off by Phil. Kind and selfless, Todd's nature leads to him becoming the most likable member of the group, much to Phil's increasing annoyance. He and Melissa become very close and begin a romantic relationship shortly after they meet.[21] In season 2, Todd's love life becomes increasingly complicated: he finds himself torn among Melissa, who breaks up with him for a while; Gail, who starts dating him simultaneously with Melissa; Erica, who tells him that the late Phil II chose him as a surrogate father for her baby; and even Carol, who approaches him with a surprise request to impregnate her when she thinks Phil (Tandy) is sterile. In season 3, when Gail breaks up with him, Todd hopes to win back Melissa until he is frightened by her strange behavior resulting from killing Darrell. He is eventually able to cure her condition using Clozapine, and they marry. In the fourth season, after Melissa decides once again that she does not want to have children, Todd struggles with baby fever until Erica agrees to have a child with him, and she announces her pregnancy with his first child at the end of "Designated Survivors".
Cleopatra Coleman as Erica Dundee, an Australian woman and self-described "political nerd." After the outbreak of the virus, she met Gail at the White House and the two became traveling companions. They discover Phil upon spotting a fire he started, then move in with the rest of the survivors. In the second season, Erica becomes pregnant with Phil II's child but decides to not involve him in their child's life when he openly flirts with Carol. In "Smart and Stupid," she tells Mike, whom she is dating, that she was imprisoned for armed bank robbery before traveling to the United States and getting a job at the State Department under an assumed name. Toward the end of season 3, she gives birth to her daughter, whom she names Dawn. She later starts a romantic relationship with Gail and they get married in season 4.
Mary Steenburgen as Gail Klosterman (recurring season 1; starring seasons 2–4), a chef and former restaurant owner from Wilmington, North Carolina. After the outbreak of the virus, she met another woman named Erica, and the two became traveling companions. Gail mentions having had a husband but does not reveal what happened to him.[22] In the second season, she develops a relationship with another survivor named Gordon, but after Gordon dies of a heart attack, she has trouble finding closure and even dresses up a mannequin to look like Gordon, until she starts dating Todd. In the third season, she tells Carol, who wants Gail to adopt her so her child can have a grandmother, that she also had a child who died before the outbreak of the virus. To avoid being annoyed by Carol about their newly formed family, Gail finds solace in an elevator, but the elevator loses its power and traps her inside until Phil restores the power in "The Spirit of St. Lewis". She begins a romantic relationship with Erica during the six months after the episode "Name 20 Picnics...Now!", which continues into the fourth season and leads to them getting married.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Jason Sudeikis as Michael Shelby "Mike" Miller (guest season 1, recurring seasons 2 and 4),[23] the more successful younger brother of Phil (Tandy) and an astronaut who survives in Earth's orbit aboard the International Space Station. Like Phil and his sports balls, he talks to pet worms out of loneliness.[24] He also appears in a still photograph in the premiere episode with his brother and parents.[25] In the season 2 mid-season finale, Mike begins his return to Earth with a newborn companion worm. After he lands in the sea, paranoid seaman Pat Brown abandons him on shore, but he finds his way to Malibu using an "Alive in Tucson" sign, his inference that Phil would have moved into the cul-de-sac following the apocalypse, and a letter from Melissa. Though his sibling rivalry with Phil resurfaces, the brothers eventually reconcile and explain to each other how their parents were proud of them both. In "Smart and Stupid", Mike starts coughing up blood, a sign of the virus, and departs to avoid having the group grieve his death. When Phil finds Mike at their childhood home in Tucson, they spend a day growing closer than ever before Mike begs Phil in his "dying wish" to leave. Phil returns in season 3 to see if Mike is still alive but chooses not to enter Mike's bedroom, leaving without confirming his brother's status. Mike rejoins the group near the end of the fourth season, having recovered from what was actually a weakened immune system he suffered from being in space. He is then introduced to his new nieces Bezequille and Mike, who he is happy to learn was named Mike in his honor. The thermal imaging device Mike used to find the group soon indicates a mysterious blob, which the group does not initially know means there is a colony of dozens of survivors living nearby. He then leaves in hopes of finding a way to start his own family.
Boris Kodjoe as Philip Stacy "Phil" Miller (seasons 1–2), a former member of the Special Forces from High Point, North Carolina. He discovers the rest of the survivors after finding the original Phil sunburned and unconscious on a billboard. Also a former contractor, his skills with construction—as well as his good looks—soon make him a favorite among the women in the group. He and the original Phil, who must go by "Tandy" after losing a competition to him, become rivals shortly after meeting.[26]  In the second season, he openly flirts with Carol, then tries to make amends with Erica when he learns she is pregnant with his child. Just as he mends his relationship with her, he suffers from appendicitis and requests that Erica not let Tandy help raise their child if he does not survive. He finally dies during a botched appendectomy performed by Gail and Todd, neither of whom has medical experience. After the group says goodbye to Phil, Tandy learns that, despite Phil's earlier claim that he had no middle name, his middle name was Stacy.
Mark Boone Junior as Patrick "Pat" Brown (seasons 2–4), the first person Mike encounters after returning to Earth. A former tennis champion and ice cream truck driver, he wanders the sea on a yacht, fearing that the virus has still contaminated the land and that anyone he meets could be carrying it. He also believes the U.S. government has gone into hiding in bunkers and plotted a conspiracy to trap survivors. He abandons Mike in Miami when he thinks he has accidentally killed him by exposing him to the virus. Between the events of "Pitch Black" and "30 Years of Science Down the Tubes", Pat meets two other survivors named Darrell and Lewis while sailing around North America via the Northwest Passage. Armed with rifles, the three men approach the Malibu mansion at the start of the third season.[27] Although Pat and Lewis convince the group of their peaceful intent, Pat suddenly turns on them when he realizes Phil and Mike are related, but he is hit with the A-Team van as everyone else escapes from him in it. He is presumed dead until his body and boat vanish. When he sees the group driving towards a marina at the end of season 3, Pat tries to kill them before Pamela shoots him in the head.
Kenneth Choi as Lewis (season 3), a gay arborist from Seattle whose partner Mark is presumed to have been killed by the virus. He first comes to Malibu as part of Pat's crew but defects and joins the main group when Pat refuses to make peace with Phil (Tandy). He greatly fears Pat, especially since Pat told him he previously killed someone (Mike).[28] After moving into a self-sustaining office building in San Jose with the rest of the group, he considers the possibility that Mark might still be alive in Tokyo and begins teaching himself aviation so he can fly there and investigate.[29] In the middle of season 3, Lewis is killed 10 seconds after takeoff when he attempts his first flight in a real plane.
Kristen Wiig as Pamela Brinton (seasons 3–4),[30] a wealthy socialite and philanthropist who hid from the virus in an underground bunker with her dog Jeremy. During her time in the bunker, she learned to pilot its surveillance drone, which Gail first saw near the end of the second season. She leaves upon discovering the others even though the connection is lost.[31] Pamela introduces herself to the group after shooting Pat in the head to save them. She then abducts Phil for herself upon hearing the other ladies' plans to abandon her, but she redeems herself as she realizes the errors of her actions and joins castaway Glenn on a search for his children.
Keith L. Williams as Jasper (seasons 3–4), an initially silent young boy who is discovered in the background of Carol and Gail's family photos wearing a Yoda costume. Phil names him "Jasper" after his JanSport backpack, and the child chooses Erica as his parental figure despite Phil's attempts to bond with him. Six months after his first exposure to every major holiday packed into one party by the adults, he starts speaking. Following the births of Dawn, Bezequille, and Mike, Carol and Erica begin competing for their children to start relationships with Jasper so they don’t end up alone without any playmates. Jasper becomes uncomfortable with this competition along with Todd’s repeated attempts to bond with him, so he runs away from the house. Two episodes after his disappearance, Melissa, seemingly the only adult who can bond with Jasper, reveals that she knows his location and has been dropping off coolers of food near him so he can eat.
Chris Elliott as Glenn (season 4), a castaway whom the group meets on a remote island in the Pacific Ocean. He missed the apocalypse and thus knows nothing about the virus until Carol informs him about it, then joins the group in their return to the mainland, where he begins a relationship with Pamela and invites her on a search for his children.
Fred Armisen as Karl Cowperthwaite (season 4),[32] a cannibalistic serial killer who was arrested before the outbreak of the virus and placed in a prison near Zihuatanejo, Mexico, where Phil and Todd find him while looking for Jasper. His preferred method of killing his victims is by bringing them to his house, painting portraits of them, and killing them, presumably with a knife. Karl kills the only other survivor in the prison, a guard named Martinez (Geoffrey Rivas), who had planned to leave Karl to die alone, before Phil and Todd find him. Karl steals Martinez’s uniform and identity and is welcomed into the main group, but Phil and Todd soon catch him eating part of a long-deceased corpse. Though the survivors put him back in prison, Karl escapes and is eventually killed after he solves a Rubik's Cube, setting off a bomb hidden inside it.

text: Guests[edit]

text:
Alexandra Daddario as Victoria (season 1), an attractive woman that Phil (Tandy) hallucinates before he meets Carol.[33]
Will Ferrell as Gordon Vanderkruik[12] (season 2), a survivor living in Malibu, who dies from a heart attack from the shock of Carol's sudden appearance. When Gordon first met the other survivors some time between the events of the first and second seasons, he developed a relationship with Gail. His grave indicates that he was born in 1978 and died in 2023.[12]
Jon Hamm as Darrell (season 3), a man who sails to Malibu with Pat and Lewis but is shot and killed by Melissa in the ensuing confusion on their intentions.[28]
Laura Dern as Catherine (season 3), Pamela's socialite friend, who purchases a bunker to hide from the virus, but ultimately succumbs to it before she can enter.[31]
Timothy V. Murphy as Benjamin Brinton (season 3), Pamela's husband, who dies from the virus.[31]
Jack Black as Rear Admiral Roy Billups (season 4), a United States Navy officer and Pamela's lover whom Pat shoots before she finally kills Pat outright.
Alma Martinez as "La Abuela" Gordillo (season 4), a Mexican drug cartel leader who, in a flashback to 2017, occupies the Zihuatanejo mansion wherein the main group settles in the present before she is slain by her henchman Panchito.
Jack Guzman as Hector (season 4), one of La Abuela's henchmen who, in a flashback to 2017, prepares a bomb to avoid being killed by her before hiding the bomb in a Rubik's Cube.
Leighton Meester as Zoe (season 4), a woman with whom Karl goes on an unsuccessful date.
Martin Short as an unnamed sport utility vehicle driver (season 4), whom Karl kills so he can quickly escape to Mexico.

text: Background and production[edit]

text: The show originated from the writing team of Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, who had the idea initially for a feature film. They approached longtime collaborator and former Saturday Night Live cast member Will Forte with the premise, who "took a spark to it and took it in his own direction", according to Miller.[34] He was partially inspired by the series Life After People. "I love comedy where there's a lot of tension and even though it's very far-fetched, it seems very relatable", said Forte of the premise.[35] Forte's treatment for the series, crafted over a weekend, was pitched around Hollywood to positive responses. They mainly pitched to cable and Internet services, as Forte believed a broadcast network would be stricter on content.[34] In their pitch, much of the outline of the series' first season was formulated.[36] Fox, the show's eventual distributor, was instead doing "something different" and specific to his vision, according to Miller.[34]

text: Forte spoke on the show's creative freedom in a 2015 interview:

text: I think we always saw this as more of a cable show, to be honest. They claimed from the get-go that they didn't want to change the tone of the show, and I think I went in with an eyebrow raised, thinking, okay, well when's it going to come out that we have to change it around? And they were great. They stuck by their pledge and let us make this different type of show. We're so happy to have had this experience. It was just a great, great experience with Fox.[36]

text: Filming the series was challenging. For example, maintaining silence and not picking up sounds of cars in the distance made it difficult.[35] In addition to Forte's fascination with Life After People, similar films discussed while writing the show included The Omega Man, I Am Legend, and 28 Days Later.[36] Fox particularly appreciated the heart of the story, with its universal theme. According to Lord, "We always talked about that this is a person who is very flawed, and a person who maybe needed the entire world to end in order for him to become his best self. [...] That was our big thought, well here's a guy who maybe he wasn't the best guy in the regular world, but if you took the regular world away, could he eventually get back to being the person that all of us hope that we can be."[36]

text: The name of the main character, Phil Tandy Miller, is based on the names of the two executive producers Phil Lord and Christopher Miller.[37]

text: According to Miller, "there are no zombies" in the series.[38]

text: For the second season, Dan Sterling joined as executive producer and took over the role of showrunner from Forte, who was the showrunner for the first season.[39]

text: The main recording location for the series was a 20th Century Fox studio in Chatsworth, California.[40][41][42]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired113March 1, 2015 (2015-03-01)May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03)218September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)318September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)May 7, 2017 (2017-05-07)418October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)May 6, 2018 (2018-05-06)

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: For its one-hour premiere, The Last Man on Earth received 5.75 million viewers with an average 2.4 rating among adults 18–49, making it the highest-rated broadcast series of the evening in that demographic.[43] While ratings declined overall, the show did well enough with young male viewers to justify renewal.[44]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)

Episodes

First aired

Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

1
Sunday 9:30 pm

13

March 1, 2015

5.75[43]

May 3, 2015

3.51[45]
2014–15
93[46]
6.07[46]

2

18

September 27, 2015

3.14[47]

May 15, 2016

2.23[48]
2015–16
114[49]
4.23[49]

3

18

September 25, 2016

2.23[50]

May 7, 2017

1.80[51]
2016–17
122[52]
3.29[52]

4

18

October 1, 2017

2.28[53]

May 6, 2018

1.66[54]
2017–18
TBD
TBD

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
My recommendation comes with a caveat: there is no roadmap for this kind of show, and it could easily fall apart quickly. But I will say this for The Last Man on Earth: it does not seem like the sort of thing that would be a primetime network sitcom. And that's precisely why it should be one.
James Poniewozik of Time[55]

tag: div

text: The Last Man on Earth has received generally positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the first season has a score of 72, based on 30 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[56] On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an 85% approval rating with an average score of 7.74 out of 10 based on 46 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, "It may run out of steam before the season's over, but The Last Man on Earth's ambitious concept and comedic undertone are enough to lure viewers in."[57] Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter called the show "a genre-busting breakout that's creative, nuanced and inspired".[58] Robert Bianco of USA Today praised Forte's "audacity, inventiveness and achievement".[59] Hank Stuever of The Washington Post called it "a charming and intelligent sendup of pop culture's obsession with the end of everything".[60] Slate's Willa Paskin called the program "well-made, polished, odd, surprisingly funny".[61] "For a show that shouldn't really work at all, Last Man works pretty well", remarked Margaret Lyons of Vulture.[62]

text: Entertainment Weekly's Jeff Jensen called it "profoundly funny", and sustainable if it continues the "ingenuity, surprises, and craftsmanship".[37] "I was impressed by The Last Man on Earth, and hope it can continue to spin stories and character development out of its somewhat narrow premise", wrote Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe.[63]

text: Several critics, such as Maureen Ryan of The Huffington Post[18] and David Hinckley of the New York Daily News, have questioned the show's future.[64] Mike Hale of The New York Times deemed the show "well made, meticulous in its comic details and pleasantly acted", though noting that part of the show's appeal "dissipates" past the pilot episode.[65] Brian Lowry of Variety opined that "the premise calls for a level of creativity from the producers that these episodes don't consistently deliver. That's not to say 'I wouldn't watch him if he were the last man on Earth.' But like the fate of humanity within the series, while the future certainly isn't hopeless, neither does it look particularly bright."[66]

text: Subsequent seasons have also received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has an 83% approval rating with an average score of 7.76 out of 10 based on 12 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, "Season two of The Last Man on Earth brings a change of venue and renewed focus on the chemistry between Forte and Schaal, and may win back some viewers who were turned off in season one."[67] The third season has a 78% approval rating with an average score of 7.09 out of 10 based on 9 reviews.[68] The fourth season has a 100% approval rating with an average score of 7 out of 10 based on 5 reviews.[69]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Recipients

Result

Ref.

2015

Critics' Choice Television Award

Best Actor in a Comedy Series

Will Forte

Nominated

[70]

Primetime Emmy Award

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series

Will Forte

Nominated

[71]

Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series

Will Forte for "Alive in Tucson"

Nominated

Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series

Phil Lord and Christopher Miller for "Alive in Tucson"

Nominated

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series

Stacey Schroeder

Nominated

EWwy Award

Outstanding Comedy Series

The Last Man on Earth

Nominated

[72]

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Kristen Schaal

Nominated

[73]

68th Writers Guild of America Awards

New Series

The Last Man on Earth

Nominated

[74]

Episodic Comedy

Will Forte ("Alive in Tucson")

Nominated

2016

6th Critics' Choice Television Awards

Best Comedy Series

The Last Man on Earth

Nominated

[75]

Best Actor in a Comedy Series

Will Forte

Nominated

68th Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series

Will Forte

Nominated

[76]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on September 22, 2015. The set contains audio commentaries for "The Elephant in the Room" and "Screw the Moon"; The Last Man on Earth Q&A Panel; "Survival of the Funniest: Creating The Last Man on Earth" featurette; deleted scenes; and a gag reel.[77]