document_title: Cars 3

question_text: who does the voice of sterling in cars

question_tokens: who does the voice of sterling in cars

text: Cars 3

text: Plot[edit]

text: Lightning McQueen, now a seven-time Piston Cup racing legend, suddenly finds himself overshadowed by Jackson Storm, an arrogant rookie who belongs to a new generation of racers that use the latest technology to improve their racing performance. This causes Lightning's fellow veterans to either be retired or fired by their sponsors to make way for the new rookies. Then, in the final race of the season, as he tries to catch up to Storm and the other leaders, Lightning suffers a violent, nearly fatal rollover crash, leaving him badly injured.

text: Four months later, while recovering in Radiator Springs, Lightning isolates himself from his friends and spends his time watching footage of his late mentor, Doc Hudson. Confronted by his girlfriend, Sally Carrera, Lightning fears being forced into retirement as Doc was. Rusty and Dusty, the owners of Lightning's Rust-eze racing team, send him to a new state-of-the-art racing center, much to his surprise. When he arrives, he learns that they have sold Rust-eze to new owner Sterling, who assigns him to work with trainer Cruz Ramirez. Lightning eventually becomes impatient and annoyed with Cruz's methods and attempts to use a high-tech racing simulator, only to cause severe damage to the equipment.

text: Convinced that Lightning is no longer capable of winning, Sterling is ready to take him off the racing circuit and use him for product endorsements. Lightning offers a deal instead – if Lightning wins the first race of the upcoming season in Florida, he can decide when he retires; otherwise, he will retire immediately. Sterling accepts the deal but assigns Cruz to work with him one-on-one. Instead of improving his own top speed, Lightning spends most of the day helping Cruz get used to racing on sandy coastline outside the training center. For inspiration, they travel to a dirt track on which Doc raced, but inadvertently end up competing in a demolition derby, which Cruz ultimately wins. Angry at the apparent waste of training time, Lightning vents his frustration at Cruz, who reveals that she had wanted to race professionally just like Lightning, but never started a race because she felt outclassed. She resigns as McQueen's trainer and starts back to the training center.

text: Learning that Storm has set a new lap record, Lightning calls his best friend, Mater, for advice. Mater suggests that he track down Doc's mentor, Smokey. Lightning catches up to Cruz and convinces her to come along, and the two travel to Doc's hometown of Thomasville, Georgia, where they meet Smokey and several of Doc's old friends. Smokey reveals that even though Doc never raced again after his crash, he found a new happiness in training Lightning. Smokey and his friends teach Lightning and Cruz how to drive smarter than Storm, with Cruz serving as a sparring partner for Lightning. However, during a final practice race, Lightning has a flashback to his crash, shaking his confidence.

text: At the race in Florida, Lightning is encouraged by Smokey and his friends and gradually pushes up through the ranks. Still convinced Lightning cannot win, Sterling spots Cruz in the pits and orders her to return to the racing center to begin prepping another racer for the following week’s event, despite her wanting to stay and watch the race. Lightning overhears the exchange and remembers that Cruz had wanted to race because of him. He decides that Cruz is the answer to beating Storm. Entering the pits, Lightning has his pit crew outfit Cruz for racing, complete with his racing number, giving her the chance to finally race. Cruz uses Lightning’s coaching and Smokey’s advice to catch the leaders. Feeling threatened, Storm tries to intimidate Cruz, even pinning her to the wall during the final lap of the race. Instead, Cruz uses the wall to vault over Storm and take first place. She and Lightning are both credited with the victory since they both raced with the winning number. Cruz quits her job with Sterling and accepts an offer from Tex Dinoco race for his Dinoco racing team.

text: Later, at an exhibition race in Radiator Springs, Lightning and Cruz reveal they have adopted Doc's old racing colors and number, respectively, to honor his memory. Tex Dinoco informs the group that he has bought Rust-eze from Sterling, and Lightning decides to continue racing and train Cruz as well.

text: In the post-credits scene, Mater is in his Junkyard, and when his phone rings, he accidentally knocks over his reception antenna and his phone goes dead, much to his dismay.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Owen Wilson as Lightning McQueen,[8] a legendary Piston Cup veteran who lives in Route 66's Radiator Springs; racer for Rust-eze; #95.
Armie Hammer as Jackson Storm,[8][9] McQueen's new racing rival. The face of the newer generation of high-tech racers, he threatens to displace McQueen as the top racer, and McQueen's career; racer for IGNTR; #20.
Cristela Alonzo as Cruz Ramirez,[8][9] McQueen's trainer and racing technician, who always longed to be a racer, but lacked confidence. She raced for Rust-eze sporting #95, so she would finish the Florida 500. Later, becomes a racer for Dinoco and sports #51.
Larry the Cable Guy as Mater, a tow truck, and Lightning's best friend.[8]
Bonnie Hunt as Sally Carrera,[8] a Porsche 996-series and Lightning's girlfriend.
Chris Cooper as Smokey,[10] Doc's former mechanic and crew chief, who helps McQueen train for the Florida 500.
Nathan Fillion as Sterling,[11] a rich business car who runs the elite training facility Rust-eze Racing Center.
Tony Shalhoub as Luigi,[12] a Fiat 500.
Guido Quaroni as Guido,[12] a forklift who is Luigi's best friend and assistant.
John Ratzenberger as Mack,[12] a 1985 Mack Super-Liner who is Lightning's transport.
Lea DeLaria as Miss Fritter,[11] an intimidating demolition derby-inspired monster school bus at the Thunder Hollow demolition derby.
Lewis Hamilton as Hamilton, a voice command assistant to Cruz Ramirez.[12] Hamilton previously voiced himself (as a WGP racer) in the second film.
Bob Costas as Bob Cutlass, a 1999 Oldsmobile Aurora who is a broadcaster at the race track.
Darrell Waltrip as Darrell Cartrip,[13] a 1977 Chevrolet Monte Carlo who is a former Piston Cup racer and now works as a broadcaster working aside with Bob Cutlass.
Kerry Washington as Natalie Certain,[11] a statistical analyst.
Bob Peterson as Chick Hicks,[12] a former Piston Cup racer and ex-rival of Lightning McQueen, who now works as a RSN announcer and hosts his own TV show, Chick's Picks. He was previously voiced by Michael Keaton, in the first film.
Isiah Whitlock Jr. as River Scott[14]
Junior Johnson as Junior "Midnight" Moon[14]
Margo Martindale as Louise "Barnstormer" Nash[14]
Angel Oquendo as Bobby Swift, one of McQueen's older racing friends, who worked for Octane Gain sporting #19.
Kyle Petty as Cal Weathers, another of McQueen's older racing friends, who is the nephew of Strip "The King" Weathers and the veteran racer for Dinoco sporting #42.[15]
Ray Magliozzi as Dusty,[12] a 1967 Dodge A100 who is one of the owners of Rust-Eze and is Rusty's brother.
Tom Magliozzi as Rusty, a 1963 Dodge Dart who is the other owner of Rust-Eze and is Dusty's brother. He appears with archive recordings of the late Magliozzi since his death in 2014.[16]
Ray Evernham as Ray Reverham,[17] a black-colored truck who works as Jackson Storm's crew chief.
Humpy Wheeler as Tex Dinoco, a 1975 Cadillac Coupe de Ville who is the owner of Dinoco.[18]
Lloyd Sherr as Fillmore,[12] a Volkswagen Bus. Fillmore was previously voiced by George Carlin in the first film.
Paul Dooley as Sarge,[19][12] a Willys Model jeep.
Cheech Marin as Ramone,[8] a Chevrolet Impala Lowrider, and Flo's husband.
Jenifer Lewis as Flo,[12] a former Motorama show car and Ramone's wife.
Michael Wallis as Sheriff,[12] a seasoned 1949 Mercury Eight police car.
Katherine Helmond as Lizzie,[12] a Ford Model T.
Jerome Ranft as Red, a 1960s fire truck.
Shannon Spake as Shannon Spokes,[20] a RSN reporter who is not afraid to ask questions to racers.
Madeleine McGraw as Maddy McGear, a young Axxelo Microlux who is one of McQueen's fans during races.
Paul Newman as Doc Hudson, McQueen's former mentor and crew chief who used to be the Fabulous Hudson Hornet sporting #51. He appears in flashbacks that include previously unused recordings of Newman from the first film.[21]
Chase Elliott as Chase Racelott, a light-green next gen racer working for Vitoline sporting #24.[22]
Daniel Suárez as Danny Swervez, a violet next gen racer working for Octane Gain sporting #19. He is the Piston cup replacement for Bobby Swift.[23]
Darrell Wallace Jr. as Bubba Wheelhouse, a purple next gen racer working for Transberry Juice sporting #6.[22]
Ryan Blaney as Ryan "Inside" Laney, an orange and teal next gen racer working for Blinkr sporting #21.[22]
Jeff Gordon as Jeff Gorvette,[22] a former World Grand Prix racer from the second film who now works as a Piston Cup announcer for races.
Richard Petty as Strip "The King" Weathers, who has retired and now acts as crew chief for his nephew Cal.[22]
Mike Joy as Mike Joyride,[22] an unseen vehicle who is a host on McQueen's radio.
Andra Day as Sweet Tea, a forklift who is a singer at Cotter Pin Bar & Grill.

text: Production[edit]

text: On August 17, 2013, Michael Wallis (voice of Sheriff in the films) told radio listeners that Cars 3 would go back to Route 66, and would also include Route 99.[24] At the Disney stockholder meeting on March 18, 2014, Disney CEO Bob Iger announced that Pixar had begun pre-production on Cars 3.[25] In October 2014, Pixar's chief creative officer John Lasseter revealed at the Tokyo International Film Festival that the film would feature a tribute to Hayao Miyazaki's film The Castle of Cagliostro, in a form of an old Citroën 2CV.[26]

text: On October 8, 2015, the film's release date was announced to be June 16, 2017.[27] On June 10, 2016, during an interview, John Lasseter, director of the previous Cars films, promised a very emotional story, similar in tone to the first film.[28] Co-writer Kiel Murray, who also co-wrote the original Cars, said of the return to the series roots, "With these franchises you always want to know who it's about. The first movie was about McQueen, and the second movie was a sort of off-ramp to the Mater story. We wanted to get back to the McQueen story. When we looked at what would be next for him, we wondered what that would be like both as an athlete, and also for what he was dealing with in the rest of his life."[29]

text: On January 5, 2017, it was announced that Armie Hammer and Cristela Alonzo would voice Jackson Storm and Cruz Ramirez, respectively.[9]

text: Release[edit]

text: Cars 3 was released in theaters on June 16, 2017, in the United States, in 3D[27] and selected IMAX theaters,[30] accompanied by the Pixar short film Lou.[31] The film had a special screening for the NASCAR industry in Kannapolis, North Carolina on May 23, 2017.[32] The world premiere was held in Anaheim, California on June 10, 2017.[33]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Cars 3 will be released on DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on November 7, 2017, by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.[34]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of September 13, 2017[update], Cars 3 has grossed $152.1 million in the United States and Canada and $198.1 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $350.2 million, against a production budget of $175 million.[6]

text: In North America, Cars 3 was released alongside Rough Night, 47 Meters Down and All Eyez on Me, and was projected to gross $55–60 million from 4,256 theaters in its opening weekend.[35][36] It made $2.8 million from Thursday night previews and $19.5 million on its first day. It went on to open to $53.7 million, finishing first at the box office and dethroning two-time first-place finisher Wonder Woman. Cars 3 had the lowest opening of the series, but nevertheless was the 16th Pixar film to debut at number one.[37] In its second weekend, the film grossed $24.1 million, dropping to third place, behind Transformers: The Last Knight and Wonder Woman.[38] In its third weekend the film made $9.7 million ($14.1 million over the five-day 4th of July holiday weekend), dropping to 5th.[39]

text: Internationally, the film made $21.3 million from its opening in 23 markets, which was 9% more than Cars 2 and 29% more than Cars.[40] The film opened in China on August 25 and grossed $10.8 million over its debut weekend.[41] The biggest markets in terms of total earnings are China ($20.4 million), followed by the France ($18.4 million), Japan ($16 million), Mexico ($15.6 million), and the UK ($14.7 million).[42]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 68% based on 178 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Cars 3 has an unexpectedly poignant story to go with its dazzling animation, suggesting Pixar's most middle-of-the-road franchise may have a surprising amount of tread left."[43] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 59 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[44] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[37]

text: In his review for Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote, "Cars 3 is a friendly, rollicking movie made with warmth and dash, and to the extent that it taps our primal affection for this series, it more than gets the job done. Yet in many ways it’s the tasteful version of a straight-to-DVD (or streaming) sequel."[45] David Fear of Rolling Stone gave the film a positive review, saying: "There's an emotional resonance to this story about growing old, chasing glory days and the joy of passing the baton that leaves the other two films choking on its digitally rendered dust. The end goal this time out isn't just to sell a few more toys and Lightning McQueen lunchboxes. It's actually tapping into something deeper than a corporate bottom line."[46] Mike Ryan of Uproxx called the film 'The Rocky III Of The Cars Franchise,' and wrote "There’s a hint of sadness that seems to be present throughout Cars 3 that gives it a little more weight than the previous installments."[47]

text: Alonso Duralde of TheWrap gave the film a mixed review, saying: "As a spawner of merchandise, Cars 3 fires on all pistons but, as a movie, it's a harmless but never stimulating 109 minutes."[48] Vicky Roach gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, saying: "Returning to the iconic, backroads nostalgia of the original film, Cars 3 puts the flashy, unpopular middle film squarely in its rear vision mirror. The route that the filmmakers take might be familiar, but after gunning it, they take the corners like pros."[49]

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text: There are two soundtracks released for the third film. The original motion picture soundtrack features rock/pop songs featured in the film, while the original score soundtrack features the score composed and conducted by Randy Newman.[50]

text:
Cars 3 Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album

Released
June 16, 2017

Genre
Western, Country, Pop

Length
28:40

Label
Walt Disney

text:
No.
Title
Artist
Length

1.
"Run that Race"
Dan Auerbach
2:43

2.
"Kings Highway"
James Bay
3:07

3.
"Truckaroo"
Brad Paisley
2:36

4.
"Thunder Hollow Breakdown"
Brad Paisley
4:49

5.
"Glory Days"
Andra Day
4:07

6.
"Ride"
ZZ Ward featuring Gary Clark Jr.
4:03

7.
"Drive My Car"
Jorge Blanco
2:42

8.
"Freeway of Love"
Lea DeLaria
4:30

text:
Cars 3 Original Score

Soundtrack album by Randy Newman

Released
June 16, 2017

Recorded
2016-2017

Genre
Country, classical

Length
50:15

Label
Walt Disney

Pixar chronology

Finding Dory
(2016)Finding Dory2016
'Cars 3'
(2017)
Coco
(2017)Coco2017

Randy Newman chronology

Monsters University
(2013) String Module Error: Match not found2013
'Cars 3'
(2017) String Module Error: Match not found2017
Toy Story 4
(2019) Toy Story 42019

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Storm's Winning Streak"
1:23

2.
"When All Your Friends are Gone/ Crash"
3:44

3.
"Doc's Painful Demise"
1:25

4.
"Mater on the Horn"
0:29

5.
"Sistine Chapel on Wheels"
1:06

6.
"Temple of Rust-eze"
1:25

7.
"A Career on a Wall/ Electronic Suit"
3:21

8.
"Drip Pan"
1:12

9.
"McQueen's Wild Ride"
2:05

10.
"Biggest Brand in Racing"
3:12

11.
"Fireball Beach"
2:16

12.
"Pull Over, Now!/ Cruz's Racing Dreams"
2:00

13.
"1.2%"
1:21

14.
"If This Track Could Talk"
2:33

15.
"Letters About You"
2:02

16.
"Smokey Starts Training/ A Blaze of Glory"
5:56

17.
"Starting Dead Last"
1:42

18.
"Flashback/ Pit Stop"
3:32

19.
"Through the Pack"
3:42

20.
"Victory Lane"
3:51

21.
"The Fabulous Lighting McQueen"
2:11

text: Video game[edit]

text: A tie-in video game has been announced to accompany the film's release. It was developed by Avalanche Software, which was shut down by Disney in 2016, but was acquired and revived by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, it was released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One on June 13, 2017, in North America,[51] in Europe and Australasia on July 14, 2017,[52] and in Japan on July 20, 2017. As Disney no longer develops and publishes video games after the release of Disney Infinity 3.0, Warner Bros. published the tie-in game.[53]

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^a : Decals and logos in the credits establish that Thomasville is in Georgia.


document_title: Smoking age

question_text: how old do you have to be to buy tobacco in vermont

root

text: Smoking age

text: Smoking age laws by region[edit]

text: Africa[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Algeria
None
19
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors under the age of 19 years.
(Chapitre IV sur les problèmes de santé l'article 93: "la vente de tabac ou produits du tabac aux mineurs est interdite".)[1]

 Angola
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors under the age of 18.[2]

 Benin
None
18
[3]

 Botswana
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors under the age of 18 Any person who sells, by retail, any tobacco product, shall display clearly, for the public, a notice to the effect that the sale of any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years is prohibited.[4]

 Burkina Faso
None
18
[5]

 Burundi
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes to anyone under the age of 18. Other tobacco products are not regulated.[6]

 Cameroon
15

 Cape Verde
15

 Central African Republic
14

 Chad
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. Minors and pregnant women may not smoke in public.[7]

 Comoros
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited. Vendors of tobacco products must visibly and prominently display at their point of sale a notice of prohibition of the sale of tobacco to minors and by minors.[8]

 Republic of the Congo
18
[9]

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
18
It is illegal for minors to smoke in public, and for anyone to give or sell tobacco to a minor.
(ARRETE MINISTERIEL N°1250 Article 1: L'usage, la vente, l'achat et la consommation du tabac, de ses produits et de ses dérivés sont strictement interdits aux mineurs.)[10]

 Djibouti
None
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor under the age of 16 years. A notice with the sale restrictions has to be placed at point of sale.[11]

 Egypt
18
A person must be eighteen years or over to legally purchase and consume tobacco products in Egypt. The smoking age however isn't strictly enforced, and IDs are barely requested.

 Equatorial Guinea
18
[12]

 Eritrea
None
18
[13]

 Ethiopia
None
18
("No person may directly or indirectly give, provide or sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18.")[14]

 Gabon
None
18
[15]

 Gambia
None

 Ghana
18
[16]

 Guinea-Bissau
15

 Kenya
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. There is no minimum age to possess tobacco or smoke in public.[17]

 Lesotho
14

 Liberia
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor. Minors may not consume tobacco at any public place.[18]

 Libya
None
18
It is strictly prohibited to sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years.[19]

 Madagascar
None
18
[20]

 Malawi
14

 Mali
None
18
[21]

 Mauritius
18
A person must be 18 years old to purchase or to smoke cigarettes including any tobacco products as is indicated in Public Health (Restrictions on Tobacco Products) Regulations 1999, Sec. 2(e)(i)).

 Morocco
16

 Mozambique
None
18
[22]

 Namibia
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor.[23]
No minimum age prior to April 14th 2010.

 Niger
None
18 (to enter smoking room or facility)
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor. Minors may not enter any smoking room or facility where smoking is permitted by law.[24]
No minimum age prior to July 17th 2008.

 Nigeria
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco products to a minor.[25]

 Republic of the Congo
14

 Rwanda
None
18
It is prohibited to involve a person under 18 in, buying, selling and exchanging of tobacco and tobacco products. It is also prohibited for the seller to sell tobacco and tobacco products to a person under 18.[26]

 São Tomé and Príncipe
None
16
[27]

 Senegal
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. (Chapitre III.- Accès aux produits du tabac: Article 17 Il est interdit de vendre ou d'offrir aux mineurs ou de faire vendre ou de faire offrir par les mineurs du tabac ou tout produit du tabac.)[28]

 Seychelles
18
[29]

 Somalia
15

 South Africa
18
It is illegal to sell or supply any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18.[30]

 South Sudan
15

 Swaziland
None
18
It is illegal to sell and give tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[31]

 Sudan
None
18 (to enter smoking room or facility)
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a minor. Anyone under the age of 18 may also not handle, store, work or produce with tobacco or within such a facility.[32]

 Tanzania
18
It is unlawful to sell or give tobacco products to a minor, and to smoke such tobacco products if the individual is younger than 18 years.[33]

 Togo
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give any tobacco product to a minor.[34]

 Tunisia
None
18
[35]

 Uganda
None
21
It is now illegal for a person below the age of 21 to access cigarettes[36]

 Zambia
None
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 16 years. No minimum age for consumption and possession in public.
No minimum age prior to January 1st 1993.[37]

 Zimbabwe
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18. Minors may not sell tobacco.[38]

tag: table

text: Americas[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Antigua and Barbuda
None
Antigua and Barbuda don't have any restrictions towards selling tobacco to minors or smoking in general.[39]

 Argentina
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors.[40]

 Bahamas
None
18
[41]

 Belize
None

 Bermuda
None
18
No person shall sell or supply any cigarettes, tobacco or tobacco products to a minor. A person selling or supplying any cigarettes, tobacco or tobacco products to a person who appears to be under 25 years of age shall, before selling or supplying them, ensure, by requiring photo identification, that the latter person is not a minor.[42]

 Bolivia
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors under the age of 18 years is prohibited.[43]

 Brazil
18[44]
18
It is illegal to "sell Products whose ingredients can cause physical or psychic dependence, even if only through improper use" (…). This also includes tobacco products of any kind.[45]

 British Virgin Islands
None
18
It is illegal to sell or offer to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to purchase, possess or consume tobacco.[46]

 Canada

Regulations by province and territory:

Province/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

Federal Government
None
18[47]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor under the age of 18.
The minimum age was 16 years of prior to 1994.[48]

 Alberta
18[49]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor under the age of 18. Further, minors are not permitted to smoke at any public place.

 British Columbia
None
19[50]

 Manitoba
None
18[51]
It is illegal to sell, give, buy for, lend or otherwise provide tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Parents can provide tobacco products to their children on private property. Further it is legal to supply tobacco to a minor if it is solely for use in traditional Aboriginal spiritual or cultural practices or ceremonies.

 New Brunswick
None
19[52]
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. It is also illegal to attempt to purchase tobacco on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale to, a person under the age of 19 years.

 Newfoundland and Labrador
None
19[53]
It is illegal to sell, give or furnish, directly or indirectly, tobacco to a person under the age of 19 years.

 Northwest Territories
None
18[54]
No person shall sell or supply, or offer to sell or supply, tobacco or a tobacco accessory to a person under the age of 18. No one under the age of 18 years shall purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco or a tobacco accessory.

 Nova Scotia
19[55]
19[56]
No vendor or employee of a vendor shall sell or give tobacco or a tobacco product to a person under the age of nineteen years. No person shall purchase tobacco or a tobacco product on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale or give tobacco or a tobacco product, to a person under the age of nineteen years. No person under the age of nineteen years may possess tobacco.

 Nunavut
None
19[57]
No person shall sell or supply, or offer to sell or supply, tobacco to a person who is less than 19 years old.

 Ontario
None
19[58]
No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person who is less than 19 years old. No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person who appears to be less than 25 years old unless he or she has required the person to provide identification and is satisfied that the person is at least 19 years old.

 Prince Edward Island
None
19[59]
No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person under the age of 19 years. No person shall purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale to, a person under the age of 19 years. It is legal to supply tobacco to a minor if it is solely for use in traditional Aboriginal spiritual or cultural practices or ceremonies.

 Quebec
None
18[60]
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. The operator of a tobacco retail outlet may not give tobacco to a minor. The operator of a tobacco retail outlet may not sell tobacco to an adult, if the operator knows the person is purchasing the tobacco for a minor.

 Saskatchewan
None
18[61]
It is illegal to sell, lend, assign, give or send tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Yukon
18 (federal law)
The territory Yukon has no legislations which restrict the sale of tobacco products to minors. Federal laws apply.

 Chile
None
18
It is illegal to sell any form of tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[62]

 Colombia
None
18
It is forbidden for any individual or legal entity to directly or indirectly sell tobacco products and its derivatives in any of its presentations to minors under the age of 18 years. In case of question, one must ask each tobacco purchaser to show that he has reached majority age.[63]

 Costa Rica
None
18
Tobacco products may not be sold to minors. Wholesale or retail vendors of products shall have the obligation, at their own expense, to display posters that are visible, clear and prominently placed on the inside of places of sale, stating that the sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited.[64]

 Cuba
None
18
[65]

 Cayman Islands
None
18
(Tobacco Law, 2007 PART V – Section 10: No person shall sell tobacco to a minor.) [66]

 Dominican Republic
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[67]

 Ecuador
None
18
It is illegal to sell or let sell tobacco to or by a minor.[68]

 El Salvador
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a minor.[69]

 Falkland Islands
None

 Guatemala
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Public consumption of tobacco by minors is prohibited. (El decreto 90-97, Código de Salud, indica en su artículo 50)[70]

 Guyana
None
18
No tobacco may be sold or furnished to a minor.[71]

 Haiti
None
18

 Honduras
None
21
The sale and/or gifting of tobaccoderived products to persons under 21 years of age is prohibited.[72]

 Jamaica
None
18
[73]

 Mexico
None
18
[74]

 Nicaragua
None
18
[75]

 Panama
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited.[76]

 Paraguay
None
18
It is unlawful to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[77]

 Peru
18
The sale of tobacco products to/by minors under the age of 18 is prohibited.[78]

 Trinidad and Tobago
None
18
Tobacco shall not be sold to or by a child under the age of 18 years.[79]

 United States
(50 states and integral territories)
The federal law requires states to have a minimum age of 18 years for sale/purchase of tobacco products (21 U.S.C. § 387f. (3)(a)(ii)). State laws may extend this ban and also prohibit supply, possession and consumption to/by person underage. But most of the states do not directly ban the consumption of tobacco by a minor. The federal law requiring states to have a minimum purchasing age at 18 is enforced by withholding FEMA disaster and non-disaster grants from states that have purchasing ages under 18, and currently no state falls under that category.

Regulations by state:

State/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Alabama
19[80]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. Minors are prohibited from using and possessing tobacco products.
The minimum age was introduced in 1896.[81]

 Alaska
None
19[82]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. Possession by minors is prohibited. The minimum age requirement does not apply to a person who is a prisoner at an adult correctional facility.[83]
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1978.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 19 in 1988.[81]

 American Samoa
18

 Arizona
None
18[84]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products or smoking equipment to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for a minor to be in possession of tobacco or smoking equipment, or to receive them.

None
21[85][86]
Cottonwood and Douglas have raised their tobacco age to 21

 Arkansas
18[87]
It is illegal to give or sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to be in possession of tobacco products and to smoke in public.

 California
18[88]
21[89]
As of June 9, 2016, it is illegal to sell or furnish tobacco to a person under 21 years of age, with an exception for people in active military service who are 18 years old.
Before June 9, the age to purchase tobacco was 18 years of age. Amended after the 2016 election it is legal for persons age 18 and older to buy tobacco products with no filter. (Cigars, e-cigarettes, chewing tobacco, etc.)

 Colorado
18[90]
It is illegal to sell, give or distribute tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors under the age of 18 years are prohibited from being in possession of any tobacco product.

 Connecticut
None
18[91]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under 18. It is illegal for minors to possess tobacco in public.
A minimum age of 16 was introduced in 1902.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1987.[81]

 Delaware
None
18[92]
Selling, giving or otherwhise distributing tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years is illegal. Minors under the age of 18 years are not allowed to attempt to purchase tobacco or to be in the possession of tobacco products.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1953.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1992.[81][93]

 Florida
None
18[94]
The Florida Statutes make it a criminal offence so sell or supply tobacco to an individual under the age of 18 years. Minors may also not be in possession of tobacco products.

 Georgia
None
18[95]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to possess tobacco in public. Minors are allowed to possess tobacco products and to consume those, in private home if permission is given by parents or legal guardian.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1987.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1993.[81][93]

 Guam
18
The minimum age will be raised from 18 to 21, as of January 1, 2018.[96]

 Hawaii
21[97][98]
It is illegal to sell or furnish tobacco to a person under 21 years of age. It is also illegal for a person under 21 years of age to attempt to purchase tobacco.
The minimum age of 15 years was introduced on November 11, 1890.[99]
The minimum age was raised from 15 to 18 on January 1, 1988.[100]
The minimum age was raised from 18 to 21 on January 1, 2016.[101]

 Idaho
18[102][103]

 Illinois
None
18[104][105]

None
21[106][107]
The cities of Chicago and Evanston have a tobacco sales age of 21

 Indiana
None
18[108]
Giving, selling, providing and distributing tobacco to minors is illegal. Minors may not possess, accept or purchase tobacco. Minors are not allowed to enter a tobacco business, defined in state law as a business whose primary activity is the sale of tobacco products and accessories.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1980.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1987.[81]

 Iowa
18[109]
It is illegal for minors to be in possession of tobacco, to smoke in public or to purchase tobacco products. It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Kansas
None
18[110]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor. Minors may not possess or purchase or attempt to possess or purchase tobacco.

None
21[111]
Eight cities in Kansas have raised their tobacco age to 21

 Kentucky
None
18[112]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase or possess tobacco products. Prior to 1990 Kentucky had no minimum age to purchase tobacco. From 1990 until 1992 the minimum age was 16 years.
In 1992 the age was raised from 16 to 18 years of age. [93]

 Louisiana
None
18[113]
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor. A minor is not permitted to possess tobacco, except in private residences or if accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian 21 years of age or older.
Prior to 1991 there was no minim age limit in Louisiana.

 Maine
18[114]
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor. A minor is not permitted to possess tobacco, except in private residences or if accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian 21 years of age or older.

 Maryland
None
18[115][116]
Minimum age raised from 16 to 18 in 1989. [93]

 Massachusetts
None
18[117]
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors. Anyone else than the parents or guardian are prohibited from giving any form of tobacco to a minor.

None
21[118]
Over 100 cities in Massachusetts, including Boston, have age to 21 years.

 Michigan
18[119]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Minors are permitted to smoke on private premises.

 Minnesota
18[120]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Indian may furnish tobacco to an Indian under the age of 18 years if the tobacco is furnished as part of a traditional Indian spiritual or cultural ceremony.

 Mississippi
18[121]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

None
21[122]
Adams County has raised their tobacco age to 21

 Missouri
None
18[123]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. It is not illegal to give tobacco to minors on private premises nor is it illegal for minors to smoke in public.
Prior to 1992 Missouri did not have a minimum age limit.[93]

None
21[124]
Twelve cities in Missouri, including Kansas City, St, Louis and Jefferson City, have raised their tobacco age to 21

 Montana
None
18[125]
Sale or distribution of tobacco products to persons under 18 years of age is prohibited, whether over the counter, by vending machine, or otherwise.
Prior to 1993 there was no minimum age limit.[93]

 Nebraska
18[126][127]
It is illegal to sell, give or furnish, in any way tobacco to a minor. Minors may not smoke in public.

 Nevada
None
18[128]

 New Hampshire
18[129]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 New Jersey
None
21[130]
No person shall sell, give or furnish to a person under 19 years of age, any cigarettes made of tobacco.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1904.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1988.
The minimum age was raised from 18 to 19 in 2005.
The minimum age was raised from 19 to 21 on July 21, 2017, but doesn't take effect until November 1, 2017.[81]

None
21[131]
15 cities in New Jersey tobacco age to 21 years.

 New Mexico
None
18[132]
Prior to 1991 New Mexico had no minimum age.

 New York
None
18[133]
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.

None
21[134]
18 (Smoking supplies under federal/state law)
New York City bans all tobacco and e-cigarette sales to anyone under the age of 21.
Prior to May 18, 2014 the minimum age was 18 (by state law).

None
21[135]
Suffolk County bans all herbal cigarettes, rolling papers and pipes sales to anyone under the age of 21.

None
19
18 (Military)[136]
Onondaga County bans all tobacco product sales to anyone under the age of 19.

None
19[137]
Nassau County bans all tobacco product sales to anyone under the age of 19.

 North Carolina
None
18[138]
It is illegal for anyone under age 18 to buy, attempt to buy, to receive, or to use a false or misleading proof of age for the purpose of purchasing or receiving any tobacco product or cigarette wrapping papers.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1891.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1991.[81][93]

  North Dakota
18[139]

 Northern Mariana Islands
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.

 Ohio
18[140]

None
21[141]
Five cities in Ohio, including Cleveland, have raised their tobacco age to 21

 Oklahoma
None
18[142]
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.
The minimum age of 18 years was introduced in 1915.

 Oregon
None
21[143]
Starting January 1, 2018 it will be illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 21 years.

 Pennsylvania
None
18[144]
It is illegal to sell, furnish, give or otherwise provide tobacco to a minor. Minors may not purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco products.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1972.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1990.[81][93]

 Puerto Rico
None
18

 Rhode Island
18[145][146]
No person under eighteen years of age shall purchase, nor shall any person sell, give, or deliver to any person under eighteen years of age, any tobacco products. No person under eighteen years of age shall use or possess, tobacco in any public street, place, or resort, any tobacco and/or electronic nicotine delivery system in any form.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1896.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1988.[81]

 South Carolina
None
18[147]
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, or attempt to possess a tobacco product, or present or offer proof of age that is false or fraudulent for the purpose of purchasing or possessing a tobacco product.

 South Dakota
None
18
Prior to 1989 South Dakota didn't regulate the sale of cigarettes to minors. Only smokeless tobacco products could not be sold to minors.

 Tennessee
None
18[148]
It is unlawful for a person who has not attained 18 years of age to possess a tobacco product, to purchase or accept receipt of a tobacco product, or to present or offer to any person any purported proof of age which is false, fraudulent, or not actually that person's own for the purpose of purchasing or receiving any tobacco product.

 Texas
18[149]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Exception: The individual younger than 18 years of age possessed the cigarette or tobacco product in the presence of an adult parent, a guardian, or a spouse of the individual or an employer of the individual, if possession or receipt of the tobacco product is required in the performance of the employee's duties as an employee.
The minimum age to purchase, possess and consume tobacco was 16 years of age from 1899 to 1989.[93]

 United States Virgin Islands
None
18
[150]

 Utah
19[151]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products or smoking devices to anyone under the age of 19 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 19 years to possess, consume, purchase any tobacco product.

 Vermont
None
18[152]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess or purchase tobacco products.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1888.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1991.[81][93]

 Virginia
18[153]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess or purchase tobacco products.
Prior to 1991 the minimum age to purchase tobacco products was 16 years of age.[93]

 Washington
None
18[154]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 Washington, D.C.
None
18[155]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1891.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1990.[81][93]

 West Virginia
18[156]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess, consume or purchase tobacco products.

 Wisconsin
None
18[157]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 Wyoming
18[158]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess, consume or purchase tobacco products.
Prior to 1991 Wyoming had no minimum purchase/sale age for tobacco products.[93]

 Uruguay
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. A clearly legible notice with the sale ban to under anyone under the age of 18 years has to be placed inside and outside the premises.[159]

 Venezuela
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor.[160]

text: Asia[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Afghanistan
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal to smoke or the use of tobacco in public buildings such as hospitals, schools and restaurants.[161]

 Bhutan
Illegal
In 2004, Bhutan became the first country to ban the sale, cultivation, and production of tobacco. People 18 and over may bring a limited amount of tobacco into Bhutan if they pay import duties.

 Brunei
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to possess, buy or consume tobacco products.[162]

 Bangladesh
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 16 years. Any police-officer in uniform or any other person or class of persons duty authorized by the Government has the power to seize and destroy tobacco products of anyone under the age of 16 years whom he finds smoking in public.[163]

 Cambodia
None
18
Any act of selling or distributing all types of tobacco products to persons aged under 18 years or to pregnant women whose pregnancy is obvious or is realized must be punished with six days to one month in prison and a fine of 100,000 riel to 1 million riel.[164]

 China
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors. No one shall smoke on school or education premises. Weakly enforced to not enforced.
No age limit prior to December 29th 2006.[165]

 Hong Kong
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[166]

 India
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes or any other tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years. It is illegal to sell tobacco within a radius of one hundred yards of any educational institution.[167]

 Indonesia
None
18
It is illegal to sell an supply tobacco products to pregnant women anyone under the age of 18 years.[168]

 Iran
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violation will result in confiscation of tobacco from the minor and a fine for the salesperson.[169]

 Iraq
14

 Israel
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.
No minimum age prior to November 12th 2004.[170]

 Jordan
None
18 (Consumption of water pipes on premises)
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. It is also illegal to provide water pipes in cafes, restaurants and similar places.[171]

 Japan
20
Supplying tobacco to persons under 20 is punishable by a ¥10,000 fine.[172]

 Kazakhstan
None
18
[173]

 Kuwait
None
21
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 21 years.[174]

 Kyrgyzstan
None
18
No minor shall sell or be sold tobacco products.[175]

 Lebanon
18
18
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor.[176]

 Macau
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for a minor to smoke or to obtain tobacco from a person of the legal age.[177]

 Malaysia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.[178]

 Maldives
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. The retailer must ensure that the buyer is at least 18 years of age. Furthermore, a clearly legible notice has to be displayed at point of sale stating that tobacco sales to minors are illegal.[179]

 Mongolia
15

   Nepal
None
18
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco products to minors and pregnant women.[180]

 North Korea
None
17
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.[181] (The tobacco law does not define the word "minor", but age of majority is reached at the age of 17 years).

 Oman
15

 Pakistan
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. A clearly legible notice with the sale restriction has to be placed at point of sale.[182]

 Palestine
14

 Philippines
18
Only people over 18 may buy cigarettes and tobacco due to the "STOP for Health Act". (Stop Tobacco and Other Products for Health)[183]

 Qatar
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes or any other tobacco to a person unter the age of 18 years.[184]

 Saudi Arabia
18

 Singapore
18 (Present); will be raised to 21
It is illegal to sell or give, directly or indirectly any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years. No minor is allowed to consume or to possess any tobacco product in public.[185]

 South Korea
None
19
[186]

 Sri Lanka
None
21
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 21 years.[187]

 Syria
None
18
It is unlawful to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[188]

 Taiwan
18
It is illegal to sell or provide tobacco to a pregnant women and anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for a pregnant women or a child to smoke.[189]

 Tajikistan
14

 Thailand
None
18
[190]

 Turkmenistan
Illegal
In January 2016, President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedow reportedly banned tobacco sales in Turkmenistan.[191]

 United Arab Emirates
18

 Vietnam
18
It is illegal for people less than 18 years of age use, buy, and sell tobacco products. It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco product to people less than 18 years of age.[192]

 Yemen
14

text: Europe[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Albania
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to minors under the age of 18 years.[193]

 Armenia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors may not sell tobacco products.[194]
No minimum age prior to December 24th 2004.

 Austria
16
The minimum age is regulated by each federal state, but is nationwide 16 years. It is illegal in every state to sell or give tobacco products to a person under the age of 16 years as well as the consumption by a person under the age of 16 years in any public place.[195]

 Azerbaijan
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. The packaging of tobacco products must contain a warning that sale to minors is prohibited.[196]
No minimum age prior to January 1st 2002.

 Belarus
None
18
(Decree No. 28 of 2002 Section 32. "It is banned to sell tobacco products to citizens (by citizens) of the Republic of Belarus, foreign citizens and individuals with no citizenship under 18 years old.")[197]

 Belgium
None
16
("Il est interdit de vendre des produits de tabac aux jeunes de moins de 16 ans et la publicité pour les produits de tabac est interdite.")[198]

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
18
It is illegal to sell and gift tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors under the age of 18 years to gift, sell and consume tobacco products.[199]
The minimum age was 15 years prior to September 28th 2004.
No minimum age prior to March 9th 1998.[200]

 Bulgaria
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[201]

 Croatia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors. It is the responsibility of any salesperson to ensure that no tobacco is sold to minors and therefore to request an ID to make sure that the purchaser is at least 18 years of age. Minors may not sell tobacco products.[202]

 Cyprus
None
18
It is illegal to sell or otherwise provide tobacco products to a minor.
"(…)any person who provides a tobacco product to a minor is guilty of offense and in any case of his/her conviction, he/she shall be subject to a penalty not exceeding one thousand pounds or to incarceration not exceeding six months and/or to both penalties."[203]

 Czech Republic
None
18
Selling tobacco products to anyone under 18 is prohibited. Sale of tobacco products and tobacco through vending machines is permitted if the tobacco purchase age is not violated. The seller shall place a clearly visible notice displaying the sale restrictions of tobacco to person under the age of 18. A person selling tobacco must be 18 years or older, unless the minor is preparing for a future career in the hotel or tourism industry, as a cook-waiter or salesman. However, it is very easy to get tobacco products for minors as many sellers don't check the age.[204]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to September 2nd 1999.[205]

 Denmark
None
18
The minimum age was 16 years prior to September 1st 2008.[206]

 Estonia
18
The minimum age to purchase tobacco products or to smoke in public is set at 18. Minors may not be in possession of, or handle tobacco products.[207]

 Finland
18
Prior to October 2010 it was not illegal for minors to smoke in public.
The minimum age was 16 years prior to March 1st 1995.[208]

 France
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors under the age of 18 years may not smoke in any school or on school property.[209] Vending machines outside a tobacco shop is prohibited.
Prior to 21 July 2009 the minimum age to purchase tobacco products was 16 years of age.

 Georgia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors under the age of 18.[210]

 Germany
18
The Protection of Young Persons Act states that children and young people under 18 years of age shall not be sold tobacco pruducts nor should they be permitted to smoke in public. This does not apply to married adolescents.[211]
Minimum age was 18 from June 10th 1943 until January 1st 1952.[212]
Minimum age was 16 from January 1st 1952 to September 1st 2007.[213]

 Gibraltar
18
It is illegal to sell and furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Any police officer may confiscate tobacco from a minor in public.[214]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to July 7th 2006.[215]

 Greece
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors.[216]

 Hungary
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18. It is illegal to smoke under the age of 18. The sale of tobacco is prohibited within 200 m of schools and health care units.

 Iceland
None
18
It is illegal to sell or deliver tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors may not handle or sell tobacco products.[217]
No minimum age prior to January 1st 1985.
The minimum age was 16 years from January 1st 1985 to October 1st 1996.[218]

 Ireland
18
The sale of tobacco to persons under 18 is illegal. It is illegal to buy or smoke cigarettes if you are under the age of 18.[219]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to March 27th 2002.[220]

 Italy
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violation is punished with a fine between €250.00 and €1000.00. If the law is violated more than once the fine is increased to €500.00 and €2,000.00 and a revocation of the tobacco license for at least 3 months.[221][222]

Minimum age for electronic cigarettes was 16 prior to May 1st 2013.[223]

 Kosovo*
None
[224]

 Latvia
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to persons under the age of 18 is prohibited.[225]

 Liechtenstein
16
It is illegal for anyone under the age of 16 to possess or consume tobacco products.[226]

 Lithuania
18
No minimum age to smoke prior to May 1st 2015.

 Luxembourg
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[227][228]
No minimum age prior to January 1st 2006.
Minimum purchase age increased from 16 to 18 on 1 August 2017.

 Macedonia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[229]

 Malta
None
18
"No person shall sell, supply or distribute by way of compensation or otherwise, any cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, tobacco products or smoking requisites to any person who is under the age of 18 years, or in any manner induce such person to smoke."[230]

 Moldova
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[231]

 Montenegro
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18. A poster with the sale restrictions must be placed at point of sale.[232]

 Netherlands
None
18
The sale of tobacco to persons under 18 is illegal.[233] Smoking of tobacco is prohibited by law in all public buildings and in public transport. As of 1 January 2004 every employee has the right to work in a smoke-free environment. All forms of tobacco advertising, promotion or sponsorship are prohibited. Smoking remains prevalent in the Netherlands despite these efforts. Tobacco can be bought at every supermarket and at other stores.

 Norway
None
18
(No age limit for use of tobacco but no sales of cigarettes or Swedish snus to people under 18 by law.[234] Vending machines are only allowed when they are cited inside an approved store, with a demand of buying a receipt from the cashier first.[234] and imitation tobacco products are not allowed. Cigarette commercials are also strictly forbidden by law. As of June 2004, smoking is prohibited in all public places, including restaurants, pubs and work places.)

 Poland
None
18
Minors are not allowed to buy tobacco products.[235]

 Portugal
18
It is illegal to sell or give any tobacco product to a minor as well as the consumption of a tobacco product in any public place by a minor. There is a proposition to ban vending machines in places accessible to people younger than 18.[236]
Minimum age was 16 prior to January 1st 2008.

 Romania
None
18
There is a ban on sale of tobacco to those younger than 18. Vending machines selling tobacco are banned. There is no minimum legal age of smoking.

 Russia
None
18
Retail sales of tobacco products to any person under the age of 18 years are an offence.[237]

 Serbia
None
18
The sale to persons under 18 is prohibited. Contrary to that, a lot of salesmen sell cigarettes to minors in Serbia. Acquiring tobacco products is very easy for minors despite the law.

 Slovakia
None
18
Tobacco sales to under 18 year olds are prohibited.[238]

 Slovenia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18. ID-Card or passport has to be shown if requested.[239]

 Spain
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product or other smoking substances (e.g. electronic cigarettes) to a person under the age of 18 years.[240]
Minimum age was 16 in most regions prior to January 1st 2006.

 Sweden
None
18
It is illegal to sell or commercially distribute tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[241]
No minimum age prior to January 1st 1997.

  Switzerland

Regulations by canton:

States/territories
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Aargau
None
16
It is an offence to sell or supply (except for Parents) any tobacco product to a person under 16 years of age.[242]

 Appenzell Ausserrhoden
None
16
It is an offence to sell or supply any tobacco product to a person under 16 years of age.[243]

 Appenzell Innerrhoden
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[244]

 Basel-Landschaft
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[245]

 Basel-Stadt
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[246]

 Bern
None
18 (to enter smoking facility or premises)
18
Selling or giving any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[247]

 Fribourg
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[248]

 Geneva
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[244]

 Glarus
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[249]

 Graubünden
None
16
[250]

 Jura
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor.[251]

 Luzern
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[252]

 Neuchâtel
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[253]

 Nidwalden
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[254]

 Obwalden
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[244]

 Schaffhausen
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[244]

 Schwyz
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[244]

 Solothurn
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[255]

 St. Gallen
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[256]

 Thurgau
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[257]

 Ticino
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[244]

 Uri
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[258]

 Valais
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. Currently the cantonal government is planning to raise the minimum age to 18 years.[259]

 Vaud
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[260]

 Zug
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[261]

 Zürich
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[262]

 Turkey
None
18

 Ukraine
14
18

 United Kingdom
16
18
 England and  Wales:
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18.[263] The minimum age to smoke in public is 16 and authorities have the duty to seize any tobacco or cigarette papers in the possession of any person apparently under the age of 16.[264]
Minimum age to purchase was 16 from 1908 to October 1st 2007.
No Minimum age prior 1908.

18
 Scotland:
A person who sells a tobacco product or cigarette papers to a person under the age of 18 commits an offence. Any person under the age of 18 who buys or attempts to buy a tobacco product or cigarette papers commits an offence as well as an adult who knowlingly buys a tobacco product or cigarette papers on behalf of a person under the age of 18.[265] Any constable who has reasonable grounds for suspecting that a person in a public place is under the age of 18, and in possession of a tobacco product or cigarette papers may require the person to surrender the tobacco product.[266]
Minimum age was 16 prior to September 30th 2007.

18
Northern Ireland:
A person who sells to a person under the age of 18 any tobacco or cigarette papers, whether for his own use or not, shall be guilty of an offence. A member of the Police Service of Northern Ireland may seize any tobacco or cigarette papers in the possession of any person apparently under the age of 18 whom he finds smoking in any street or public place.[267]
Minimum age was 16 prior to September 1st 2008.

text: Disputed

tag: ul

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Australia

Regulations by state/territory:

Province/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Australian Capital Territory
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a person under the age of 18 years.[268] Further it is illegal to buy a tobacco product for a minor.[269]

 New South Wales
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco or non-tobacco smoking product to a person who is under the age of 18 years.[270]

 Northern Territory
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product to a minor or on behalf of a minors. It is illegal to smoke in a vehicle with a person under the age of 18 years present.[271][272]

 Queensland
None
18
It is illegal for an adult to supply a tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years; however, a responsible adult for a child does not commit an offence by supplying a smoking product to the child.[273]

 South Australia
None
18
It is an offence to supply any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years.[274]

 Tasmania
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.
Minimum age was 16 prior to January 1st 1997.[275]

 Victoria
None
18
It is illegal to supply tobacco to a minor. Smoking in a vehicle with a person under 18 present is an offence.[276]

 Western Australia
None
18
It is illegal to sell, deliver or supply tobacco or smoking implement to a minor. Purchase on behalf of people under 18 prohibited.[277][278]

 Fiji
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.[279]

 Micronesia, Federated States of
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.

 New Zealand
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.
No minimum age prior to 1903.
Minimum age of 15 years from 1903 to 1988.
Minimum age of 16 years from 1988 to 1998.[280][281]

 Palau
None
18
21 (Only rolling papers and elaus)
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. If the purchaser appears to be under the age of 30 years, ID must be checked before sale. It is illegal to employ anyone under the age of 21 handling tobacco products. It is illegal to sell rolling papers and elaus to anyone under the age of 21 years.[282]

 Papua New Guinea
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[283]

 Samoa
21
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 21 years. It is not illegal for a person under the age of 21 years to possess or smoke tobacco in public.[284]

 Solomon Islands
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to a minor.[285]

 Tonga
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to a minor.[286]

 Tokelau
16
It is illegal for a person under 16 to smoke tobacco.[287]

 Vanuatu
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a persons under 18. It is illegal for persons under 18 to smoke tobacco.[288]

text: Historical regulations[edit]

text:
Minimum age to purchase tobacco in Europe as of 1995:
  Minimum age is 18
  Minimum age is 16
  No minimum age

Minimum age to purchase tobacco in the United States as of 1989:[289]
  Minimum age is 19
  Minimum age is 18
  Minimum age is 17
  Minimum age is 16
  No minimum age


document_title: United States military deployments

question_text: how many us soldiers are stationed in guam

text: United States military deployments

text: Americas[edit]

text:
Jurisdiction
Total
Army
Navy
USMC
USAF
USCG

 Contiguous United States
972,004
364,505
187,175
141,784
242,409
36,131

 Alaska
19,020
9,806
51
25
7,167
1,971

Armed Forces Americas
6,789
0
6,763
0
0
26

 Cuba
(Guantanamo Bay)
777
134
515
120
0
8

 El Salvador
544
6
31
505
2
0

 Honduras
383
234
2
1
146
0

 Greenland
163
0
0
0
163
0

 Puerto Rico
149
103
25
0
21
0

 Canada
142
9
35
15
78
5

other
585
169
118
197
68
33

Total
1,000,556
374,966
194,715
142,647
250,054
38,174

text: Europe[edit]

text:
Jurisdiction
Total
Army
Navy
USMC
USAF
USCG

Armed Forces Europe
35,134
544
34,146
20
231
193

 Germany
34,399
20,371
897
1,141
11,981
9

 Italy
11,806
4,314
3,513
184
3,793
2

 United Kingdom
8,126
191
206
6
7,687
36

 Spain
3,178
27
2,637
114
400
0

 Austria
1,182
1
1
1,179
1
0

 Belgium
884
601
37
3
243
0

 Netherlands
413
129
30
2
219
33

 Romania
413
11
77
312
13
0

 Greece
392
8
341
20
23
0

 Kosovo[a]
364
328
3
13
20
0

 Norway
333
33
5
258
37
0

 Hungary
208
7
142
0
59
0

 Portugal
198
2
11
0
185
0

 Poland
112
28
55
3
26
0

other
222
60
35
50
75
2

Total
97,364
26,655
42,136
3,305
24,993
275

text: Pacific Ocean[edit]

text:
Jurisdiction
Total
Army
Navy
USMC
USAF
USCG

Armed Forces Pacific
51,587
0
49,348
2,239
0
0

 Hawaii
37,497
16,627
7,917
6,783
4,931
1,239

 Guam
4,299
161
1,796
0
2,342
0

 Australia
189
31
71
4
83
0

other
109
21
5
78
5
0

Total
93,681
16,840
59,137
9,104
7,361
1,239

text: East Asia and Southeast Asia[edit]

text:
Jurisdiction
Total
Army
Navy
USMC
USAF
USCG

 Japan
39,623
2,608
11,613
13,568
11,818
16

 South Korea
23,297
15,119
296
145
7,736
1

 Thailand
315
46
8
232
29
0

 Singapore
226
6
153
31
29
7

other
155
41
50
23
38
3

Total
63,616
17,820
12,120
13,999
19,650
27

text: West Asia and North Africa[edit]

text:
Jurisdiction
Total
Army
Navy
USMC
USAF
USCG

 Kuwait
7,097
4,864
68
2,102
63
0

 Iraq
6,137
3,820
329
1,210
778
0

 Bahrain
5,894
142
4,289
1,356
13
94

 Jordan
1,834
477
22
212
1,123
0

 Turkey
1,350
254
11
430
655
0

 Syria
1,103
455
30
483
135
0

 Qatar
1,064
652
4
72
336
0

 United Arab Emirates
888
257
11
517
103
0

 Saudi Arabia
438
252
20
93
73
0

 Egypt
308
261
20
3
24
0

 Libya
128
1
0
127
0
0

other
220
104
23
44
49
0

Total
26,461
11,539
4,827
6,649
3,352
94

text: Central Asia and South Asia[edit]

text:
Jurisdiction
Total
Army
Navy
USMC
USAF
USCG

 Afghanistan
10,107
6,786
232
1,153
1,933
3

 Pakistan
103
13
4
58
28
0

other
120
28
16
60
16
0

Total
10,330
6,827
252
1,271
1,977
3

text: Sub-Saharan Africa and Indian Ocean[edit]

text:
Jurisdiction
Total
Army
Navy
USMC
USAF
USCG

 Djibouti
2,026
400
696
299
631
0

 British Indian Ocean Territory
274
0
234
0
40
0

 Kenya
145
22
5
13
105
0

 Somalia
109
55
30
21
3
0

other
364
90
16
204
54
0

Total
2,918
567
981
537
833
0

text: Unspecified[edit]

text:
Jurisdiction
Total
Army
Navy
USMC
USAF
USCG

Overseas
26,110
2,944
5,283
7,018
10,069
796

Domestic
5,800
5,800
0
0
0
0

Total
31,910
8,744
5,283
7,018
10,069
796


document_title: List of Carolina Hurricanes head coaches

question_text: who is the coach of the carolina hurricanes

text: The Carolina Hurricanes are an American professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina. They play in the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL).[1] The team joined the NHL in 1979 as an expansion team as the Hartford Whalers, but moved to Raleigh, North Carolina in 1997. The Hurricanes won their first Stanley Cup championship in 2006.[2] Having first played at the Greensboro Coliseum, the Hurricanes have played their home games at the PNC Arena, which was first named the Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena, since 1999.[3] The Hurricanes are owned by Peter Karmanos, Jr. and Ron Francis is their general manager.[4][5]

tag: p

text: There have been four head coaches for the Hurricanes team. The team's first head coach was Paul Maurice, who has coached for six seasons. Maurice is the team's all-time leader for the most regular-season games coached, regular-season game wins, regular-season points, playoff games coached and playoff-game wins. Peter Laviolette is the only coach to have won the Stanley Cup[2] with the Hurricanes in the 2006 Stanley Cup Finals.[2] None of the Hurricanes coaches have been elected into the Hockey Hall of Fame as a builder. Maurice was the head coach of the Hurricanes since the firing of Laviolette, but was replaced by Kirk Muller on November 28, 2011.[6][7] Muller was relieved of coaching duties on May 5, 2014.[8] On June 19, 2014, the Hurricanes named Bill Peters their current head coach.[9]

text:
#
Number of coaches[a]

GC
Games coached

W
Wins = 2 points

L
Losses = 0 points

T
Ties = 1 point

OT
Overtime/shootout losses = 1 point[b]

PTS
Points

Win%
Winning percentage

text: Coaches[edit]

text: Note: Statistics are correct through the 2016-17 season.

text:
#
Name
Term[c]
Regular season
Playoffs
Achievements
Reference

GC
W
L
T/OT
PTS
Win%
GC
W
L
Win%

1
Paul Maurice
1997–2003
522
207
219
96
510
.489
35
17
18
.486
2001–02 Prince of Wales Trophy winner[10]
[11]

2
Peter Laviolette
2003–2008
323
167
122
34
368
.570
25
16
9
.640
2005–06 Prince of Wales Trophy winner[12]
2006 Stanley Cup championship[13]
[14]

-
Paul Maurice
2008–2011
246
116
100
30
262
.533
18
8
10
.444

[11]

3
Kirk Muller
2011–2014
187
80
80
27
187
.500
—
—
—
—

[15]

4
Bill Peters
2014–present
246
101
103
42
244
.496
—
—
—
—

[16]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a A running total of the number of coaches of the Hurricanes. Thus, any coach who has two or more separate terms as head coach is only counted once.
b Before the 2005–06 season, the NHL instituted a penalty shootout for regular season games that remained tied after a five-minute overtime period, which prevented ties.[17]
c Each year is linked to an article about that particular NHL season.


document_title: Queso blanco

question_text: what type of cheese is used to make queso

text: Queso blanco

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Queso blanco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkeso ˈβlaŋko]), with similar cheeses including queso fresco (pronounced [ˈkeso ˈfɾesko]), is a creamy, soft, and mild unaged white cheese, commonly used in the Iberian Peninsula, several Latin American countries including Mexico, and many parts of the United States. The name queso blanco is Spanish for "white cheese", but similar cheeses are used and known throughout the world. In Brazil they are respectively known as queijo branco (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkejʒu ˈbɾɐ̃ku]) and queijo fresco in Portugal  ([ˈkeijʒu ˈfɾeʃku]).

text: It is similar to (if slightly more acidic than) pot cheese and farmer cheese. It has been compared to quark (or tvorog) from Central and Eastern Europe and to Indian paneer.[1]

text: Production[edit]

text: Queso blanco is considered one of the easier cheeses to make, as it requires no careful handling and does not call for rennet or a bacterial culture. It is usually made by heating whole fresh milk to near-boiling, adding an acidifying agent such as vinegar, stirring until curds form, then draining the curds in cheesecloth for three to five hours. Such cheeses are also known as "bag cheeses", as the curds are normally hung in a bag of cheesecloth to drain. Many Mexican home cooks make their own instead of purchasing it; when made for the evening meal, it is often prepared in early afternoon and left to drain until evening.[1] As it is highly perishable, it must be refrigerated or used immediately once the whey has drained out.

text: If it is pressed, and more water is removed, it becomes known as queso seco. Sometimes it is made by pressing the whey from cottage cheese.

text: Queso blanco is traditionally made from cow's milk, whereas queso fresco may be made from a combination of cow's and goat's milk. Some versions of these cheeses, such as Oaxaca cheese, melt well when heated, but most only soften.[2]

text: Common uses[edit]

text: Queso blanco and queso fresco may be eaten straight or mixed in with dishes. They make a creamy addition to recipes. They are often used as a topping for spicy Mexican dishes such as enchiladas and empanadas, or crumbled over soups or salads. Meltable versions are used to make quesadillas.[2] It is used to make cheesecake in some parts of the world, such as the United States. In Peruvian cuisine, several recipes mix queso fresco and spices to make a spicy cold sauce eaten over peeled boiled potatoes, such as papa a la Huancaína or ocopa.

text: A melted cheese appetizer using white American cheese is sometimes called "queso blanco dip," but the name is merely descriptive. It does not include queso blanco cheese.


document_title: List of Buffalo Bills seasons

question_text: when was the last time the bills were in first place

text: List of Buffalo Bills seasons

text: Key[edit]

text: The Finish, Wins, Losses, and Ties columns list regular season results and exclude any postseason play. Regular and postseason records are combined only at the bottom of the list.

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
AFL champions (1960–1969)
Super Bowl champions (1970–present)
Conference champions
Division champions
Wild card berth
One-Game playoff berth

text:
Franchise records according to Pro-Football Reference.com[1]

Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular Season
Post Season Results
Awards
Head coaches

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

1960
1960
AFL

Eastern
3rd
5
8
1

Buster Ramsey

1961
1961
AFL

Eastern
4th
6
8
0

1962
1962
AFL

Eastern
3rd
7
6
1

Lou Saban

1963
1963
AFL

Eastern
2nd
7
6
1
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Patriots) 8–26

1964
1964
AFL

Eastern
1st
12
2
0
Won AFL Championship (1) (Chargers) 20–7
Lou Saban (COY)

1965
1965
AFL

Eastern
1st
10
3
1
Won AFL Championship (2) (at Chargers) 23–0
Lou Saban (COY)

1966
1966
AFL

Eastern
1st
9
4
1
Lost AFL Championship (Chiefs) 7–31
Bobby Burnett (ROY)
Joe Collier

1967
1967
AFL

Eastern
3rd
4
10
0

1968
1968
AFL

Eastern
5th
1
12
1

Joe Collier (0–2)
Harvey Johnson (1–10–1)

1969
1969
AFL

Eastern
4th
4
10
0

John Rauch

1970
1970
NFL
AFC
East
4th
3
10
1

Dennis Shaw (OROY, ROY)

1971
1971
NFL
AFC
East
5th
1
13
0

Harvey Johnson

1972
1972
NFL
AFC
East
4th
4
9
1

Lou Saban

1973
1973
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
9
5
0

O.J. Simpson (MVP, OPOY)

1974
1974
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
9
5
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 14–32

1975
1975
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
6
0

1976
1976
NFL
AFC
East
5th
2
12
0

Lou Saban (2–3)
Jim Ringo (0–9)

1977
1977
NFL
AFC
East
5th
3
11
0

Jim Ringo

1978
1978
NFL
AFC
East
4th
5
11
0

Chuck Knox

1979
1979
NFL
AFC
East
4th
7
9
0

Jim Haslett (DROY), Jerry Butler (ROY)

1980
1980
NFL
AFC
East
1st
11
5
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Chargers) 14–20
Joe Cribbs (ROY), Chuck Knox (COY)

1981
1981
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Jets) 31–27
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bengals) 21–28

1982[2]
1982
NFL
AFC
—
9th
4
5
0

1983
1983
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
8
0

Kay Stephenson

1984
1984
NFL
AFC
East
5th
2
14
0

1985
1985
NFL
AFC
East
5th
2
14
0

Kay Stephenson (0–4)
Hank Bullough (2–10)

1986
1986
NFL
AFC
East
4th
4
12
0

Hank Bullough (2–7)
Marv Levy (2–5)

1987
1987
NFL
AFC
East
4th
7
8
0

Shane Conlan (DROY, ROY)
Marv Levy

1988
1988
NFL
AFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Oilers) 17–10
Lost Conference Championship (at Bengals) 10–21
Marv Levy (COY)

1989
1989
NFL
AFC
East
1st
9
7
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Browns) 30–34

1990
1990
NFL
AFC
East
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Dolphins) 44–34
Won Conference Championship (Raiders) 51–3
Lost Super Bowl XXV (vs. Giants) 19–20
Bruce Smith (DPOY)

1991
1991
NFL
AFC
East
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Chiefs) 37–14
Won Conference Championship (Broncos) 10–7
Lost Super Bowl XXVI (vs. Redskins) 24–37
Thurman Thomas (MVP, OPOY)

1992
1992
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Oilers) 41–38 (OT)[3]
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 24–3
Won Conference Championship (at Dolphins) 29–10
Lost Super Bowl XXVII (vs. Cowboys) 17–52

1993
1993
NFL
AFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 29–23
Won Conference Championship (Chiefs) 30–13
Lost Super Bowl XXVIII (vs. Cowboys) 13–30
Marv Levy (COY)

1994
1994
NFL
AFC
East
4th
7
9
0

1995
1995
NFL
AFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Dolphins) 37–22
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 21–40
Bryce Paup (DPY)

1996
1996
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Jaguars) 27–30
Bruce Smith (DPY)

1997
1997
NFL
AFC
East
4th
6
10
0

1998
1998
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Dolphins) 17–24

Wade Phillips

1999
1999
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Titans) 16–22[4]

2000
2000
NFL
AFC
East
4th
8
8
0

2001
2001
NFL
AFC
East
4th
3
13
0

Gregg Williams

2002
2002
NFL
AFC
East
4th
8
8
0

2003
2003
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
6
10
0

2004
2004
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
9
7
0

Mike Mularkey

2005
2005
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
5
11
0

2006
2006
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
7
9
0

Dick Jauron

2007
2007
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
7
9
0

2008
2008
NFL
AFC
East
4th
7
9
0

2009
2009
NFL
AFC
East
4th
6
10
0

Dick Jauron (3–6)
Perry Fewell (3–4)

2010
2010
NFL
AFC
East
4th
4
12
0

Chan Gailey

2011
2011
NFL
AFC
East
4th
6
10
0

2012
2012
NFL
AFC
East
4th
6
10
0

2013
2013
NFL
AFC
East
4th
6
10
0

Kiko Alonso (PFWA DROY)
Doug Marrone

2014
2014
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
9
7
0

2015
2015
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
8
0

Rex Ryan

2016
2016
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
7
9
0

Rex Ryan (7–8)
Anthony Lynn (0–1)

Totals
400
460
8
All-time regular season record (1960–2016)

14
15
0
All-time postseason record (1960–2016)

414
475
8
All-time regular and postseason record (1960–2016)

text: Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the 2016 NFL season.

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "Buffalo Bills Franchise Encyclopedia". Pro-Football Reference.
Jump up ^ 1982 was a strike-shortened season so the league was divided up into two conferences instead of its normal divisional alignment.
Jump up ^ This game is also known as the Comeback
Jump up ^ This game is also known as the Music City Miracle

tag: ol