document_title: Social work

question_text: which organization developed the standard definition of social work in the united states

text: Social work

text: Definition[edit]

text: Social work is a broad profession that intersects with several disciplines. Social work organizations offer the following definitions.

text: “Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work.  Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing."[6] International Federation of Social Workers

text: "Social work is a profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being. It aims to help people develop their skills and their ability to use their own resources and those of the community to resolve problems. Social work is concerned with individual and personal problems but also with broader social issues such as poverty, unemployment, and domestic violence."  -[7] Canadian Association of Social Workers

text: Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends: helping people obtain tangible services; counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families, and groups; helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services; and participating in legislative processes. The practice of social work requires knowledge of human development and behavior; of social and economic, and cultural institutions; and of the interaction of all these factors."-[8] National Association of Social Workers

text: "Social workers work with individuals and families to help improve outcomes in their lives. This may be helping to protect vulnerable people from harm or abuse or supporting people to live independently. Social workers support people, act as advocates and direct people to the services they may require. Social workers often work in multi-disciplinary teams alongside health and education professionals."[9]  - British Association of Social Workers

text: History[edit]

text: The practice and profession of social work has a relatively modern and scientific origin,[10] and is generally considered to have developed out of three strands. The first was individual casework, a strategy pioneered by the Charity Organization Society in the mid-19th century, which was founded by Helen Bosanquet and Octavia Hill in London, England.[11] Most historians identify COS as the pioneering organization of the social theory that led to the emergence of social work as a professional occupation.[12] COS had its main focus on individual casework. The second was social administration, which included various forms of poverty relief – 'relief of paupers'. Statewide poverty relief could be said to have its roots in the English Poor Laws of the 17th century, but was first systematized through the efforts of the Charity Organization Society. The third consisted of social action – rather than engaging in the resolution of immediate individual requirements, the emphasis was placed on political action working through the community and the group to improve their social conditions and thereby alleviate poverty. This approach was developed originally by the Settlement House Movement.[12]

text: This was accompanied by a less easily defined movement; the development of institutions to deal with the entire range of social problems. All had their most rapid growth during the nineteenth century, and laid the foundation basis for modern social work, both in theory and in practice.[13]

text: Professional social work originated in 19th century England, and had its roots in the social and economic upheaval wrought by the Industrial Revolution, in particular the societal struggle to deal with the resultant mass urban-based poverty and its related problems. Because poverty was the main focus of early social work, it was intricately linked with the idea of charity work.[13]

text: Other important historical figures that shaped the growth of the social work profession are Jane Addams, who founded the Hull House in Chicago and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931; Mary Ellen Richmond, who wrote Social Diagnosis, one of the first social work books to incorporate law, medicine, psychiatry, psychology, and history; and William Beveridge, who created the social welfare state, framing the debate on social work within the context of social welfare prevision.

text: Transtheoretical models[edit]

text: Social work is an interdisciplinary profession, meaning it draws from a number of areas, such as (but not limited to) psychology, sociology, politics, criminology, economics, ecology, education, health, law, philosophy, anthropology, and counseling, including psychotherapy. Field work is a distinctive attribution to social work pedagogy. This equips the trainee in understanding the theories and models within the field of work. Professional practitioners from multicultural aspects have their roots in this social work immersion engagements from the early 19th century in the western countries. As an example, here are some of the models and theories used within social work practice:[citation needed]

text:
Empathy
Social case work
Social group work
Community organization
Behavioral
School social worker
Leadership and management
Crisis intervention
Mental health
Cognitive-behavioral
Critical
Radical
Social insurance
Ecological
Equity theory
Financial social work
Motivational interviewing
Medical social work
Person-centered therapy
Psychoanalytic[14]
Psychodynamic
Existential
Humanistic
Sociotherapy
Brief psychotherapy or solution-focused approach
Recovery approach
Reflexivity
Social exchange
Welfare economics
Anti-oppressive practice
Psychosocial rehabilitation
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Dialectical behavior therapy
Systems theory
Strength-based practice
Task-centered
Family therapy
Advocacy
Prevention science
Project management
Program evaluation and performance measurement
Systems thinking
Community development and intervention
Positive psychology
Social actions

text: Profession[edit]

text: Abraham Flexner in a 1915 lecture, "Is Social Work a Profession?",[15] delivered at the National Conference on Charities and Corrections, examined the characteristics of a profession with reference to social work. It is not a 'single model', such as that of health, followed by medical professions such as nurses and doctors, but an integrated profession, and the likeness with medical profession is that social work requires a continued study for professional development to retain knowledge and skills that are evidence-based by practice standards. A social work professional's services lead toward the aim of providing beneficial services to individuals, dyads, families, groups, organizations and communities to achieve optimum psychosocial functioning.[16]

text: Its seven core functions are described by Popple and Leighninger as:

text:
Engagement — the social worker must first engage the client in early meetings to promote a collaborative relationship
Assessment — data must be gathered that will guide and direct a plan of action to help the client
Planning — negotiate and formulate an action plan
Implementation — promote resource acquisition and enhance role performance
Monitoring/Evaluation — on-going documentation through short-term goal attainment of extent to which client is following through
Supportive Counseling — affirming, challenging, encouraging, informing, and exploring options
Graduated Disengagement — seeking to replace the social worker with a naturally occurring resource[17]

text: Six other core values identified by the National Association of Social Workers' (NASW)[18] Code of Ethics are:

text:
Service — help people in need and address social problems
Social Justice — challenge social injustices
Respect the dignity and worth of the person
Give importance to human relationships
Integrity — behave in a trustworthy manner
Competence — practice within the areas of one's areas of expertise and develop and enhance professional skill

text: A historic and defining feature of social work is the profession's focus on individual well-being in a social context and the well-being of society.[19] Social workers promote social justice and social change with and on behalf of clients.[20] The term "client" is used to refer to individuals, families, groups, organizations, or communities.[21] In the broadening scope of the modern social worker's role, some practitioners have in recent years traveled to war-torn countries to provide psychosocial assistance to families and survivors.[22]

text: Newer areas of social work practice involve management science.[23] The growth of "social work administration" for transforming social policies into services and directing activities of an organization toward achievement of goals is a related field.[24] Helping clients with accessing benefits such as unemployment insurance and disability benefits, to assist individuals and families in building savings and acquiring assets to improve their financial security over the long-term, etc requires social workers to know financial management skills to help others to be financially self-sufficient.[25][26][27]Financial social work helps clients with low-income or low to middle-income, people who are either unbanked (do not have a banking account) or underbanked (individuals who have a bank account but tend to rely on high cost non-bank providers for their financial transactions), with better mediation with financial institutions and induction of money management skills.[28][29] Another area that social workers are focusing is risk management, risk in social work is taken as Knight in 1921 defined "If you don't even know for sure what will happen, but you know the odds, that is risk and If you don't even know the odds, that is uncertainty." Risk management in social work means minimising the risks while increasing potential benefits for clients by analysing the risks and benefits in duty of care or in decisions.[30]

text: In the United States, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, professional social workers are the largest group of mental health services providers. There are more clinically trained social workers—over 200,000—than psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses combined. Federal law and the National Institutes of Health recognize social work as one of five core mental health professions.[31]

text: Examples of fields a social worker may be employed in are poverty relief, life skills education, community development, rural development, forensics and corrections, legislation, industrial relations, project management, child protection, elder protection, women's rights, human rights, systems optimization, finance, addictions rehabilitation, child development, cross-cultural mediation, occupational safety and health, disaster management, mental health, psychosocial therapy, disabilities, etc.

text: Qualifications[edit]

text: The education of social workers begins with a bachelor's degree (BA, BSc, BSSW, BSW, etc.) or diploma in social work or a Bachelor of Social Services. Some countries offer postgraduate degrees in social work, such as a master's degree (MSW, MSSW, MSS, MSSA, MA, MSc, MRes, MPhil.) or doctoral studies (PhD and DSW (Doctor of Social Work)). Increasingly, graduates of social work programs pursue post-masters and post-doctoral study, including training in psychotherapy.

text: In the United States, social work undergraduate and master's programs are accredited by the Council on Social Work Education. A CSWE-accredited degree is required for one to become a state-licensed social worker. In 1898, the New York Charity Organization Society, which was the Columbia University School of Social Work's earliest entity, began offering formal "social philanthropy" courses, marking both the beginning date for social work education in the United States, as well as the launching of professional social work.[32]

text: A number of countries and jurisdictions require registration or licensure of people working as social workers, and there are mandated qualifications.[33] In other places, a professional association sets academic requirements for admission to the profession. The success of these professional bodies' efforts is demonstrated in that these same requirements are recognized by employers as necessary for employment.[34]

text: Professional associations[edit]

text: Social workers have a number of professional associations that provide ethical guidance and other forms of support for their members and for social work in general. These associations may be international, continental, semi-continental, national, or regional. The main international associations are the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) and the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW).

text: The largest professional social work association in the United States is the National Association of Social Workers. There also exist organizations that represent clinical social workers such as The American Association of Psychoanalysis in Clinical Social Work. AAPCSW is a national organization representing social workers who practice psychoanalytic social work and psychonalysis. There are also a number of states with Clinical Social Work Societies which represent all social workers who conduct psychotherapy from a variety of theoretical frameworks with families, groups and individuals.  The Association for Community Organization and Social Administration (ACOSA)[35] is a professional organization for social workers who practice within the community organizing, policy, and political spheres.

text: In the UK, the professional association is the British Association of Social Workers (BASW) with just over 18,000 members (as of August 2015).

text: The Code of Ethics of the US-based National Association of Social Workers provides a code for daily conduct and a set of principles rooted in 6 core values:[36] service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence.[37]

text: Trade unions representing social workers[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, just over half of social workers are employed by local authorities,[38] and many of these are represented by UNISON, the public sector employee union. Smaller numbers are members of the Unite the Union and the GMB (trade union). The British Union of Social Work Employees (BUSWE) has been a section of the Community (trade union) since 2008.

text: While at that stage not a union, the British Association of Social Workers operated a professional advice and representation service from the early 1990s. Social Work qualified staff who are also experienced in employment law and industrial relations provide the kind of representation you would expect from a trade union in the event of grievance, discipline or conduct matters specifically in respect of professional conduct or practice. However, this service depended on the good will of employers to allow the representatives to be present at these meetings, as only trade unions have the legal right and entitlement of representation in the workplace.

text: By 2011 several councils had realized that they did not have to permit BASW access, and those that were challenged by skilled professional representation of their staff were withdrawing permission. For this reason BASW once again took up trade union status by forming its arms length trade union section, SWU (Social Workers Union). This gives legal right to represent its members whether the employer or Trades Union Congress (TUC) recognizes SWU or not.  At 2015 the TUC was still resisting SWU application for admission to congress membership and while most employers are not making formal statements of recognition until such a time as the TUC may change its policy, they are all legally required to permit SWU (BASW) representation at internal discipline hearings etc.

text: Social workers in literature[edit]

text: In 2011, a critic stated that "novels about social work are rare,"[39] and as recently as 2004, another critic claimed to have difficulty finding novels featuring a main character holding a Master of Social Work degree.[40]

text: However, social workers have been the subject of many novels, including:

text:
Bohjalian, Chris (2007). The double bind: a novel (1st ed.). New York: Shaye Areheart Books. ISBN 978-1-4000-4746-8. [41]
Cooper, Philip (2013). Social work man. Leicester: Matador. ISBN 978-1-78088-508-7. [42]
Barrington, Freya (2015). Known to Social Services (1st ed.). USA: FARAXA Publishing. ISBN 9789995782870.
Desai, Kishwar (2010). Witness the night. London: Beautiful Books. ISBN 978-1-905636-85-3. [43]

text:
Fadiman, Anne (1997). The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-37453-340-3.
Irish, Lola (1993). Streets of dust: a novel based on the life of Caroline Chisholm. Kirribilli, N.S.W: Eldorado. ISBN 1-86412-001-0.
Greenlee, Sam (1990) [1969]. The spook who sat by the door: a novel. African American life. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-2246-8.
Konrád, György (1987). The case worker. Writers from the other Europe. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-009946-8. [44]
Henderson, Smith (2014). Fourth of July Creek: A Novel. ISBN 978-0-06-228644-4. [45]
Johnson, Greg (2011). A very famous social worker. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse Inc. ISBN 978-1-4502-8548-3. [46]
Johnson, Kristin (2012). Unprotected: a novel. St. Butt, MN: North Star Press. ISBN 978-0-87839-589-7. [47]
Kalpakian, Laura (1992). Graced land (1st ed.). New York: Grove Weidenfeld. ISBN 0-8021-1474-1. [40]
Lewis, Sinclair (1933). Ann Vickers (First ed.). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Company. OCLC 288770.
Mengestu, Dinaw (2014). All our names (First ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-385-34998-7. [48]
Sapphire (1996). Push: a novel (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf; Random House. ISBN 0-679-44626-5.  The basis of the movie Precious.[49]
Smith, Ali (2011) There But For The, Hamish Hamilton, Pantheon.
Ungar, Michael (2011). The social worker: a novel. Lawrencetown, N.S: Pottersfield Press. ISBN 978-1-897426-26-5. [50]
Weinbren, Martin (2010). King Welfare. Bakewell: Peakpublish. ISBN 978-1-907219-18-4. [39]

text: Fictional social workers in media[edit]

text:
Name

Portrayed by

Title

Year

Ann Vickers
Irene Dunne
Ann Vickers
1933

Neil Brock
George C. Scott
East Side/West Side
1963

Edith Keeler
Joan Collins
Star Trek: The Original Series - The City on the Edge of Forever
1967

Germain Cazeneuve
Jean Gabin
Two Men in Town
1973

Ann Gentry
Anjanette Comer
The Baby
1973

Dwight Mercer

Mykelti Williamson

Free Willy

1993

Mrs. Sellner
Anne Haney
Mrs. Doubtfire
1993

Mary Bell
Angelina Jolie
Pushing Tin
1999

Dr. Sonia Wick

Vanessa Redgrave

Girl, Interrupted

1999

Raquel
Leonor Watling
Raquel busca su sitio
2000

Cobra Bubbles
Ving Rhames
Lilo & Stitch
2002

Clare Barker
Sally Phillips
Clare in the Community
2004

Toby Flenderson
Paul Lieberstein
The Office
2005

Pankaj
Pankaj Kumar Singh
Smile Pinki
2008

Emily Jenkins
Renée Zellweger
Case 39
2009

Ms. Weiss
Mariah Carey
Precious
2009

Meera
Bhama
Janapriyan
2011

Sam Healy
Michael Harney
Orange Is the New Black
2013

Paul Spector
Jamie Dornan
The Fall (TV series)
2013

David Mailer
Patrick Gilmore
Travelers
2016

tag: table


document_title: Ash vs Evil Dead

question_text: who plays ball in ash vs. evil dead

question_tokens: who plays ball in ash vs. evil dead

root

text: Ash vs Evil Dead

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series is set approximately 30 years after the first three Evil Dead films, and serves as a sequel to that trilogy. Ash Williams works at the "Value Stop" as a simple stock boy. Also working at the store is his friend Pablo and the object of Pablo's affections, Kelly. Ash has seemingly done very little with his life since returning from 1300 AD at the end of Army of Darkness, and the beginning of the series sees him living in a trailer and drinking alone in bars. However, Ash must soon renounce his routine existence and become a hero once more by taking up arms and facing the titular Evil Dead. Pablo and Kelly decide to join him on his quest to save humanity.

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text: Bruce Campbell as Ash Williams (season 1–present):

tag: ul

text: Ray Santiago as Pablo Simon Bolivar (season 1–present):[7]

text: Dana DeLorenzo as Kelly Maxwell (season 1–present):[8]

text: Jill Marie Jones as Amanda Fisher (season 1)[9]

text: Lucy Lawless as Ruby (season 1–present):[10]

text: Michelle Hurd as Linda Bates-Emery (season 2–present):

text: Ted Raimi as Chet Kaminski (season 2)

text: Pepi Sonuga as Lacey Emery (season 2)

text: Arielle Carver-O'Neill as Brandy Barr (season 3–present)

text: Lindsay Farris as Dalton (season 3–present)

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text: Samara Weaving as Heather (season 1)

text: Hemky Madera as El Brujo (season 1)

text: Lee Majors as Brock Williams (season 2)

text: Stephen Lovatt as Sheriff Thomas Emery (season 2)

text: Joel Tobeck as Baal (season 2)

text: Special guests[edit]

text:
Rebekkah Farrell as Linda (season 1)
Ellen Sandweiss returning as Cheryl Williams (season 2) from the original Evil Dead movie.
Nicholas Hope as Professor Raymond Knowby (season 2)
Alison Quigan (normal form) and Ted Raimi (Deadite form) as Henrietta Knowby (season 2)

text: Production[edit]

text: The series first started life as two competing ideas for a fourth Evil Dead film.[14] However at the time the Raimi brothers did not know how to get funding for the film and so it was instead written as a TV show. Writing for the medium presented new challenges for Sam as he had to make the series accessible to new viewers as well as create new characters to "bounce off of".[14] The project was first officially revealed by Raimi at a surprise appearance at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con[15] That November Starz announced that they officially put an order in for the series.[16] Campbell said the channel was the only network that would give them the ability to be unrated and unrestricted; Campbell has stated that Starz does not require the crew to create alternate, "wimpy" versions for television.[17]

text: The pilot episode of the series was written by Sam Raimi (who also directed), Ivan Raimi and Tom Spezialy.[18] In February 2015, original film series producer Robert Tapert returned to produce along with Raimi, Campbell and Craig DiGregorio. Ray Santiago and Dana DeLorenzo were cast in the lead roles of Pablo Simon Bolivar and Kelly Maxwell, and Jill Marie Jones was cast as Amanda Fisher, a Michigan State Trooper.[18][9] In March 2015, Lucy Lawless was cast as Ruby, a mysterious figure who's on a quest to stop the evil outbreak and believes that Ash is the one who's the cause of it.[10] In April 2015, Starz released a new graphic teaser advertising the TV show is coming in the fall of 2015, along with a new poster for the series.[19] Filming commenced in Auckland, New Zealand later that month.[20]

text: Due to legal issues with Universal Pictures, the events from Army of Darkness could not specifically be mentioned in the first season.[21] In April 2015, the producers made it clear that they wanted to resolve the issue,[22][23][24] and in mid-2016, producer Robert Tapert stated that the rights issue had been solved and that references to Army of Darkness would appear from season two onward.[25]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
October 31, 2015 (2015-10-31)
January 2, 2016 (2016-01-02)

2
10
October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02)
December 11, 2016 (2016-12-11)

3
10
February 25, 2018 (2018-02-25)[26]
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)[26]

text: Season 1 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"El Jefe"
Sam Raimi
Sam Raimi & Ivan Raimi and Tom Spezialy
October 31, 2015 (2015-10-31)
0.437[27]

Thirty years after his epic battle against the evil Deadites, Ash Williams (Bruce Campbell) is living in a trailer park, working in a Value Stop department store, and spending his evenings womanizing in dive bars. After seeing a demonic visage appear on a woman's face, Ash recalls having a recent Marijuana-addled "poetry read" with a young prostitute, from the Necronomicon, which he still keeps locked in a trunk. Elsewhere in town, Michigan state police detective Amanda Fisher, (Jill Marie Jones), investigates a disturbance at an abandoned house and encounters Ash's demon-possessed friend who kills her partner. After defeating the possessed woman, she is then forced to put down her undead partner who attacks her. Later, Amanda meets the mysterious Ruby Knowby, (Lucy Lawless), who seems almost too understanding about the horrors Amanda has witnessed. As more evil happenings occur around him, Ash realizes he unwittingly reawakened the horrible curse again and decides to slip out of town, but he is stopped by his co-workers, Pablo (Ray Santiago) and Kelly, (Dana DeLorenzo), who realize he's to blame for what is going on. After having to kill his possessed neighbor, Ash reluctantly decides to resume his old chainsaw-wielding persona once again.

2
2
"Bait"
Michael J. Bassett
Dominic Dierkes
November 7, 2015 (2015-11-07)
0.276[28]

Pablo and Ash help Kelly who is worried about a strange call from her father and the sudden return of her lost mother, (Mimi Rogers), who was feared dead months ago. Ash remains suspicious of the mother, believing she's a Deadite impostor. Meanwhile Amanda follows leads that Ash Williams is behind the recent deaths and strange happenings around town, and decides to track him down. Ash and Pablo arrive at Kelly's father's house to find Kelly's mother acting normal. However, after being provoked at the dinner table by Ash, Kelly's mother reveals herself as a Deadite and kills Kelly's father with a fork. After a madcap fight between her and Ash, the Deadite tries to convince Kelly that she's fine now, but shows herself again and Ash kills her. After burying the two bodies, Kelly agrees to accompany Ash and Pablo, and the three drive away.

3
3
"Books from Beyond"
Michael J. Bassett
Sean Clements
November 14, 2015 (2015-11-14)
0.383[29]

With the mysterious Ruby one step behind them, Ash and his friends seek out Lionel, the owner of an occult bookstore, "Books from Beyond," to find a way to undo the evil curse. Lionel uses the Necronomicon to summon the demon Eligos in hopes of compelling it to give the answers Ash seeks. The ceremony goes awry when Amanda arrives to arrest Ash and Eligos escapes the summoning circle. In all the chaos, Ash does manage to get a cryptic response that the solution to his predicament resides within him.

4
4
"Brujo"
David Frazee
James E. Eagan
November 21, 2015 (2015-11-21)
0.448[30]

After dealing with the demon, Ash leaves the uncooperative Amanda handcuffed in the bookstore and trapped with a Deadite Lionel. She is saved however by Ruby, and after learning of her interest in Ash, the two join forces in hunting him down. Meanwhile Pablo takes Ash to meet his shaman uncle, a "Brujo", who may be able to help. Along the way, Kelly gets sick and acts strangely, having been unknowingly possessed by Eligos. Eventually the Brujo gives Ash a drug-induced vision of himself relaxing on a pier in Jacksonville, Florida, (Ash's idealized vacation spot), where his pet lizard Eli appears and tells him he must bury the Necronomicon deep in the place where everything started – the cabin in the woods. During the trip, a possessed Kelly attacks Ash.

5
5
"The Host"
David Frazee
Zoë Green
November 28, 2015 (2015-11-28)
0.430[31]

The Eligos-possessed Kelly convinces Pablo and his uncle that Ash is the one possessed. Elsewhere, Amanda and Ruby close in on Ash by using Ash's severed undead hand to guide them. The Brujo prepares for an exorcism while, back in Ash's trailer, Kelly tries to seduce Pablo and later kill him. Once the demon reveals himself the Brujo performs the exorcism on Kelly, forcing Eligos to leave, but not before the Brujo is killed. During a funeral for the Brujo, Pablo takes his uncle's sacred medallion. Back at the trailer, Pablo gives Ash a new mechanical hand that he had been working on.

6
6
"The Killer of Killers"
Michael Hurst
Nate Crocker
December 5, 2015 (2015-12-05)
0.402[32]

Ruby and Amanda arrive at the Brujo's ranch just having missed Ash, but the charred skeleton of the Brujo emerges from the funeral pyre and confronts Ruby telling her that she'll never have the book for herself. The two fall into the pyre which then explodes. Amanda leaves in Ruby's car but notices Ash's hand has disappeared. On their way to the cabin, Ash, Pablo and Kelly stop at a roadside diner to meet Lem, a old militia friend of Ash, and ask for help in acquiring some weapons. While Ash tries to scam his way out of paying the diner check, Pablo and Kelly return to the trailer and deal with the Necronomicon which comes alive and reacts to the Brujo's medallion. Meanwhile, Amanda confronts Ash and arrests him, just as her police chief arrives. Soon, however, the evil Kandarian force attacks the diner, spontaneously turning the police chief and a waitress into Deadites. Having barely escaped the horror, Lem calls his militia buddies to "arm up" but he is soon attacked by the force himself. Back at the smoldering diner, Amanda agrees to join up with Ash's group.

7
7
"Fire in the Hole"
Michael Hurst
Sean Clements, Dominic Dierkes and Ivan Raimi
December 12, 2015 (2015-12-12)
0.452[33]

Ash and his group go to meet the militiamen but find they have been attacked by a demon-possessed Lem. Lem attacks again, and Ash and Amanda become trapped in the militia's bunker with him. Meanwhile, Kelly and Pablo escape to the woods but the militiamen, (thinking the two are government agents and their friend Lem is infected with a government virus), hunt them down. Back at the Brujo's ranch, Ruby emerges from the funeral pyre unharmed; she goes to the diner and resumes her search for Ash. Eventually Pablo and Kelly rescue Ash and Amanda and get the weapons from the militia. Ash then unexpectedly vanishes. A closing scene shows Ash's severed hand crawling through the woods toward the cabin.

8
8
"Ashes to Ashes"
Tony Tilse
Michael J. Bassett
December 19, 2015 (2015-12-19)
0.465[34]

Armed with his chainsaw, shotgun and the Necronomicon, Ash returns to the sinister cabin after 30 years. He finds Amanda behind him who convinces him that he shouldn't face the evil alone. Meanwhile Kelly and Pablo are lost in the woods but find a group of hikers consisting of Brad, his fiancée and Heather, who lead them toward the cabin. At the cabin, Ash is taunted by the severed head of his old girlfriend Linda that he left in the work shed three decades ago. In the cabin, Amanda listens to the old tape recorder about the Necronomicon. Ash suddenly appears and tells her that they should just leave and be together, but Amanda notices his putrid hand and he attacks her. She manages to cut off and destroy the hand, but imposter-Ash impales her on the antlers of the deer head in the living room. The real Ash then finds Amanda just before she dies. Pablo and Kelly return and Ash tells them that she was killed by another Evil Ash that is running around somewhere.

9
9
"Bound in Flesh"
Tony Tilse
Rob Wright
December 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)
0.343[35]

Pablo and Kelly confront the two Ashes and, once they realize who the impostor is, they kill him. Ash decides to chop up the bodies of the impostor and Amanda before they turn into Deadites, but the hikers return. Pablo and Kelly lead them away while Ash dismembers his clone. Suddenly the Necronomicon starts talking to him, trying to convince him not to bury it. He throws the book in the refrigerator then notices Amanda has disappeared. Amanda, now a Deadite, attacks Pablo, Kelly and the hikers. She kills Brad and his fiancée and Heather breaks her leg. Ruby arrives and Amanda runs off. Returning to the cabin, Ruby confronts Ash, introducing herself as the one who's been cleaning up his mess. She explains that the book cannot be simply buried but needs to be dismantled. Ash agrees to destroy the book and cuts off its face, but once he hands it over Ruby begins a ritual to unleash the evil upon the entire world. Ruby claims to have written the Necronomicon and the face of the book animates and attaches itself to Pablo.

10
10
"The Dark One"
Rick Jacobson
Craig DiGregorio
January 2, 2016 (2016-01-02)
0.508[36]

Before Ash can react to what is going on, Amanda returns and attacks him. He manages to defeat her but notices Ruby and Pablo have disappeared into the cellar. He goes down to find them but the Kandarian force pounds the cabin and Ash falls down the steps. He suddenly finds himself back in his trailer with the Necronomicon. Ruby appears and tells him that he was destined to stand against her, and then tries to broker a truce by offering him what he desires the most – a peaceful retirement in Jacksonville. Refusing the offer, Ash finds himself back in the cellar and under attack by a demonic child that was belched up by Pablo who is under the control of the Necronomicon. Meanwhile, Kelly and Heather attempt to survive a demonic onslaught. Heather is killed while Kelly is locked out of the cabin. Ash again confronts Ruby, who promises to leave Ash and his friends alone in exchange for allowing her to release evil spirits (which she claims she can control) from the Necronomicon. Ash accepts the deal and starts driving to Jacksonville with Kelly and Pablo, while sinkholes begin to open up around the world.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"Home"
Rick Jacobson
Craig DiGregorio
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27) (online)[37]
October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02) (broadcast)
0.436[38]

While enjoying his time at Jacksonville, Ash is forced to come out of retirement after being attacked by Deadites summoned by Ruby. Ash (still in possession of the Kandarian Dagger), Pablo and Kelly return to Ash's hometown in Michigan, Elk Grove, where they meet up with his father, Brock (Lee Majors), who criticizes him for running away from the town after the events that transpired 30 years ago. While searching around town for Ruby, Ash encounters his former love, Linda Bates, who is married to the town's sheriff, Thomas Emery. Emery mocks Ash, and promises to take him in when he can. Pablo receives a vision, prompting the gang to head to the town's crematorium, where Ash finds an injured Ruby, claiming that her children have betrayed her, forcing her to hide the Necronomicon. After saving her from her three demon children, Ash and Ruby form a temporary alliance.

12
2
"The Morgue"
Tony Tilse
Cameron Welsh
October 9, 2016 (2016-10-09)
0.333[39]

Ruby reveals to the group that she hid the Necronomicon inside a corpse at the town morgue, which prompts Ash and Kelly to go retrieve it, while Pablo stays with her at Brock's house in order to find out about his visions. While attempting to get the book, Ash discovers that his old high school P.E. teacher, who is dating Brock, turns out to have been dead and is now a Deadite. Ash returns home just in time to stop the Deadite from raising hell. Meanwhile, Pablo's grasp on reality is tested when Ruby reveals that the Necronomicon has gifted him with premonitions, a detail seen in one from which Ruby deduces that her ex-husband, Baal, is the reason behind why all of her children have turned on her. At the end, Ash's car, the Delta, is stolen by two teenagers, while still carrying the Necronomicon in it.

13
3
"Last Call"
Tony Tilse
Noelle Valdivia
October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16)
0.321[40]

In an attempt to lure the teenagers who stole his car to his place, Ash and his best buddy, Chet, devise a plan to throw a party at the bar, lure the thieves in, and get the Delta and the Necronomicon back. The plan backfires, however, as one of the teenagers' friends accidentally reads from the Necronomicon, allowing evil to possess her as well as the Delta, leading to a mass killing spree. The possessed teenager, Amber, heads to Ash's party, where she almost kills Brock before Ash intervenes. Brock realizes the truth about his son and shows his pride, but before he could reveal a secret to Ash, he is run over by the Delta. Meanwhile, Ruby attempts to convince Kelly that she is the one Ruby was supposed to be looking for.

14
4
"DUI"
Michael J. Bassett
Ivan Raimi
October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
0.274[41]

The possessed Delta continues its rampage holding one of the teenagers, Lacey, hostage. It comes back and kidnaps Pablo as well. Ash takes Chet in tow, driving his car and pursues the Delta. Meanwhile, Ruby and Kelly head back to Ash's trailer to pick up weapons, where Ruby reveals that Baal can get into an individual's mind and manipulate them, and that she has been manipulated before. While they go back to the crematorium and kill the rest of her spawn, Ash continues chasing down Pablo, and Chet drops him off at an abandoned Demolition derby park. The Delta lets go of Pablo and Lacey, facing Ash by itself. While Pablo tries to deface the book, it tells him to read a passage. Ash stops the Delta, and they throw the book into the trunk of the car, a portal to hell, seemingly destroying it. Ruby, sensing the book's disappearance, runs back along with Kelly. A demon jumps out of the trunk at the end.

15
5
"Confinement"
Michael J. Bassett
William Bromell
October 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)
0.274[42]

Baal arrives on Earth and seduces a police officer before killing her and removing her skin. Ash is arrested for Amber's murder but is freed from his cell by Baal, disguised as the police officer. Pablo, Kelly and Ruby arrive at the police station to free Ash, while Lacey and Linda come looking for Sheriff Emery. Before going to look for the Kandarian Dagger, Ruby warns the group of Baal's ability to disguise himself by wearing peoples' skin, which sets the group on edge as they come to realise that any one of them could be Baal. Pablo reveals a strange rash to Ash and Kelly. Seeing Pablo's condition worsen, Emery believes that he is Baal, leading him to pull out his gun and threaten the group. Ruby returns with Ash's weapons and Ash defeats the reanimated flesh of a fallen police officer. On examining Pablo's rash, Ruby declares that he might be their only chance to stop Baal.

16
6
"Trapped Inside"
Mark Beesley
James E. Eagan
November 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)
0.330[43]

Ash, Kelly, Ruby, Linda and Lacey take Pablo back to Ash's house, where Ruby reveals that if they wait long enough, the required spell to send Baal back to hell will emerge on Pablo's skin. Baal uses his powers to convince Emery to lead a mob of Elk Grove townspeople to capture Ash. As the townspeople surround Ash's house, Ash hears a noise coming from Cheryl's room. Inside he sees Chet, who had come to warn him about the mob. The required spell emerges from Pablo's skin, while Ruby reveals to Kelly that birthing her demon "children" cost her her immortality. A Deadite Cheryl appears and fights Ash, killing Chet in the process. The fight is taken outside, where the townspeople are surprised to see Cheryl, seemingly alive. Ash kills her and reveals her to be a Deadite, thus convincing the people that he is not a murderer. Ash is then knocked out by Baal.

17
7
"Delusion"
Mark Beesley
Hank Chilton
November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)
0.337[44]

Ash wakes up from a nightmare only to find himself in an asylum, where a man calling himself Doctor Peacock claims that Ash has been locked up since the murder of his friends at the cabin, and that everything about the Necronomicon was a delusion he made up to deny responsibility for his actions. Ash realizes that Peacock is none other than Baal, who is trying to break his mind through an illusion. Within the illusion he sees Ruby, as a nurse, Kelly as a fellow inmate, and Pablo as an orderly. Ash attempts to fight through the illusions, but fails time after time. After meeting with Linda, and seeing Ruby, Pablo and Kelly arrive outside the asylum, Ash then seemingly agrees to follow Baal's command to destroy the Necronomicon.

18
8
"Ashy Slashy"
Tony Tilse
Suzanne Keilly and Aaron Lam
November 20, 2016 (2016-11-20)
0.237[45]

Ruby, Pablo and Kelly enter the asylum and encounter Sheriff Emery, who got Linda to help him capture Ash in exchange for Lacey's freedom from Baal. Lacey, however, turns up as a Deadite and murders Emery, and is later killed by Kelly. Ruby and Pablo encounter Ash, who then tracks them down and takes Pablo to Baal. Kelly later meets up with Linda, who learns about the deaths of both her husband and daughter. She then resolves to take down Baal for good. They reach Pablo, where Ash reveals that he was never broken by Baal, and it was all part of his plan to get Pablo and Baal in the same room. Pablo then recites the incantation to send Baal back to Hell, but before disappearing, Baal slashes Pablo in the stomach, cutting him in half.

19
9
"Home Again"
Rick Jacobson
Jennifer Ames & Steve Turner
December 4, 2016 (2016-12-04)
0.266[46]

Distraught over the loss of Pablo, Ash and the gang attempt to travel back in time to ensure that young Ash will never see the Necronomicon. They return to the year 1982, before young Ash went to the cabin. As they travel to the woods, the gang is chased down by the Kandarian Demon, and Ruby and Kelly are separated from Ash, who run into the cabin. After a brief altercation with an evil foetus that attempts to infect Ash from his leg, Ash hears a faint voice crying for help from the cellar. He finds the voice to be coming from Henrietta Knowby, who claims to have been trapped and tortured here by her husband. While initially not believing her, Ash eventually discovers as Professor Knowby returns with one of his students, Tanya, who he plans to use to transfer the Kandarian Demon from within Henrietta onto her. Ash then frees Henrietta, just as he realizes he's been tricked, allowing her to run amok. In the midst of the chaos, Professor Knowby escapes with the Necronomicon and locks Ash and Tanya down in the cellar with Henrietta. Meanwhile, Ruby and Kelly are attacked by possessed trees, as well as being followed by a mysterious being.

20
10
"Second Coming"
Rick Jacobson
Luke Kalteux
December 11, 2016 (2016-12-11)
0.269[47]

As Professor Knowby attempts to escape the cabin, he is killed by the Ruby of year 1982, who then retrieves the Necronomicon. Henrietta murders Tanya, and battles Ash, but is ultimately defeated. As Ash reunites with present-day Ruby and Kelly, past Ruby learns of their involvement and then kills present-day Ruby, while Ash and Kelly attempt to escape. The effects of the timeline alteration take place as Ash notices the return of his missing right hand, and Pablo seemingly returning to life. However, he turns out to be Baal, who has secretly taken over Pablo's corpse rather than being banished. Baal and the alternate Ruby take Ash and Kelly back to the cabin, where they begin to perform rituals to give birth to their spawns. Ash proposes a fair fight between him and Baal, without the use of any magic or weapon. Baal gains the upper hand by using his powers to change form into Chet, Cheryl and Brock, tricking Ash and removing his right hand once more. As Baal prepares to execute Ash, however, he is outwitted and defeated. As the cabin begins to burn down and crumble, Baal, Ruby, their spawns, and the Necronomicon are seemingly banished to the underworld as part of the deal, while Pablo is brought back to life. Ash returns to his time, where Elk Grove reveres him as a hero, while the alternate Ruby watches him from afar. In a post-credit scene, the Necronomicon is picked up by an unknown traveler from the remains of the cabin.

text: Season 3 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [48]
Directed by [49]
Written by [49]
Original air date [26]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

21
1
"Family"
Mark Beesley
Mark Verheiden
February 25, 2018 (2018-02-25)
0.225[50]

After the Necronomicon is once again found and read, evil makes a return to Elk Grove. Ash reunites with Candace Barr, a former lover with whom he had a daughter, Brandy. Ash, Pablo and Candace rush to Kenward County High School in search of Brandy, who is being hunted down by evil. They find Brandy and her friend Rachel in the music classroom, but a possessed Rachel then attacks and manages to decapitate Candace. Ash kills Rachel and then battles the school mascot, Cougie, but Kelly, along with Dalton, a Knight of Sumeria, arrive and save Ash.

22
2
"Booth Three"
Mark Beesley
Rob Fresco
March 4, 2018 (2018-03-04)
TBD

23
3
"Apparently Dead"
Diego & Andres Meza-Valdes
Ivan Raimi
March 11, 2018 (2018-03-11)
TBD

24
4
"Unfinished Business"
Daniel Nettheim
Nicki Paluga
March 18, 2018 (2018-03-18)
TBD

25
5
"Baby Proof"
TBA
Luke Kalteaux
March 25, 2018 (2018-03-25)
TBD

26
6
"Tales from the Rift"
Regan Hall
Aaron Lam
April 1, 2018 (2018-04-01)
TBD

27
7
"Twist and Shout"
Mark Beesley
Caitlin Meares
April 8, 2018 (2018-04-08)
TBD

28
8
"Rifting Apart"
Mark Beesley
Bryan Hill
April 15, 2018 (2018-04-15)
TBD

29
9
"Judgement Day"
Rick Jacobson
Rick Jacobson
April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)
TBD

30
10
TBA
Rick Jacobson
Rick Jacobson
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)
TBD

text: Music[edit]

text: Joseph LoDuca, a frequent Sam Raimi collaborator who composed the scores for the Evil Dead films, contributes the original music for Ash vs Evil Dead. The series also leverages excerpts from various 1970s and '80s popular songs, particularly featuring artists (e.g., Alice Cooper, Ted Nugent and Frijid Pink) from the greater Detroit area where Season One's action is based (and where Raimi, Campbell and Tapert grew up). In an interview, Sam Raimi states that the music selected for the series is based on the lack of growth the Ash character has progressed over the past 30–35 years, and that, "the music should reflect the last time he was engaged in society, and living".[51]

text: On November 11, 2015, it was announced that the Joseph LoDuca music score entitled Ash vs Evil Dead: Music from the STARZ Original Series would be released by Varèse Sarabande digitally on December 11, 2015 and via audio CD on December 18, 2015.[52][53] The following are the tracks that are on that album:[52]

text: Further more, in the season two finale, a marching band plays Victory for MSU, the official fight song of Michigan State University, where Raimi and Tapert attended college.

text:
[show]Track listing

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Sheet Show / Main Title"
4:25

2.
"Ain't for Shabbas"
3:22

3.
"Linda / Where It Began"
2:20

4.
"Ash's Trip"
2:49

5.
"It Did Happen / Outta Here"
2:50

6.
"A Foul Wind Bloweth / Mom Returns"
2:47

7.
"Deer Amanda / Shut Up Linda"
3:50

8.
"The Handyman Can't"
0:46

9.
"Adios, Tio Brujo"
2:28

10.
"Soave Pablo / She Got Him"
2:34

11.
"Offer to Fisher / Handy Escape / She Was Ruby"
2:18

12.
"Let’s Start Over / Pablo's Process"
2:06

13.
"Kill Me Now / Perp's Getting Away"
2:07

14.
"No Accident"
1:59

15.
"Evil Catches Up"
1:11

16.
"Missed Ya'"
1:38

17.
"Amanda Returns"
2:38

18.
"Ritual"
2:17

19.
"Not My Boyfriend / Burn the Cabin"
1:22

20.
"Burn Baby / Mortal Toys"
3:52

21.
"Without Evil There Is No Good"
2:37

22.
"Ash's Theme"
1:35

Total length:
53:51

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical[edit]

text: The first season of Ash vs Evil Dead has received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 98% "Certified Fresh" rating based on 49 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus reading: "True to the movies that spawned it, Ash vs Evil Dead is a gory, hilarious, and audacious resurrection of Sam Raimi's beloved horror franchise."[54] Metacritic gave the season a rating of 75 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[55]

text: The second season has received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a score of 100%, based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus currently reads, "Ash vs. Evil Dead's sophomore season proves the show is in command of its characters and tone, turning up the gore, fun, and energy to deliver even more grisly, action-packed thrills and laughs."[56] On Metacritic, the season has a rating of 82 out of 100, based on 5 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim."[57]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2016
Fangoria Chainsaw Awards[58]
Best Television Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Won

Best Actor on Television
Bruce Campbell
Won

Best Supporting Actress on Television
Dana DeLorenzo
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Horror Television Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Nominated

Best Actor on Television
Bruce Campbell
Won

Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards
Best TV Presentation
Ash vs Evil Dead (Episode: "Brujo")
Won[59]

2017
Fangoria Chainsaw Awards[60]
Best TV Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Nominated

Best TV Actor
Bruce Campbell
Won

Best TV Supporting Actor
Ray Santiago
Nominated

Best TV Supporting Actress
Dana DeLorenzo
Nominated

Best TV SFX
Roger Murray
Won

Saturn Awards[61]
Best Horror Television Series
Ash vs Evil Dead
Nominated

Best Actor on a Television Series
Bruce Campbell
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor on a Television Series
Lee Majors
Nominated

text: Media releases[edit]

text: Subscribers to Starz can stream episodes of the show on Amazon Video. Season Two is not yet available for purchase or rental on Amazon without a Starz account.[62] On August 23, 2016, Anchor Bay Entertainment released the first season of the series on Blu-ray and DVD.[63] The second season hit home media in the fall of 2017.[64] On December 11, 2017, seasons 1 & 2 were made available to stream in certain regions on Netflix.[65]


document_title: Triveni Sangam

question_text: which city is situated at the confluence of the yamuna and ganga

text: Triveni Sangam

text: Triveni Sangam in Allahabad[edit]

text: One such Triveni Sangam, in Allahabad, has the confluence of two rivers — the Ganges and the Yamuna (and the imaginary Saraswati River). The two rivers maintain their visible identity and can be identified by their different colours. The water of the Ganges is clear, while that of the Yamuna is greenish in colour.[1]

text: A place of religious importance and the site for historic Kumbh Mela held every 12 years, over the years it has also been the site of immersion of ashes of several national leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi in 1948.[2]

text: This description of the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna seems to be referred to in one of the latest sections of the Rigveda, which says,"Those who bathe at the place where the two rivers flow together, rise up to heaven"[citation needed]. According to the Puranas, there is also a third river called the Saraswati[citation needed].

text: Other Triveni Sangams[edit]

text: Bhagamandala[edit]

text: Bhagamandala  is a pilgrimage place in Kodagu district of Karnataka.  It is situated on the river Kaveri in its upstream stretches. At this place, the Kaveri is joined by two tributaries, the Kannike and the mythical Sujyoti river. It is considered sacred as a river confluence (kudala or triveni sangama, in Kannada and Sanskrit respectively).

text: Erode[edit]

text: The Triveni Sangam in Erode is a confluence of 3 rivers, the Cauvery, Bhavani and Amudha. Of these three, the river Amudha is invisible and is said to flow underground and join the other two rivers from below. It is also called as Kooduthurai, where the famous Sangameswarar  is located.

text: Tirumakudalu Narasipura[edit]

text: Tirumakudalu Narasipura, commonly known as T. Narasipura,[3] is a panchayat town in Mysore district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The first name refers to the land at the confluence, (trimakuta in Sanskrit) at the confluence of the Kaveri, Kabini and Spatika Sarovara (a mythical lake or spring, also named Gupta Gamini). This is the place in South India where local Kumbhamela is held every three years.[4]

text: Moovattupuzha[edit]

text: Kaliyar (Kali river), Thodupuzhayar (Thodupuzha river) and Kothayar (Kothamangalam  river)  merges  and  becomes Moovattupuzha river in Kerala and hence this place is called Moovattupuzha.

text: Munnar[edit]

text: Munnar city is where Mudhirapuzha, Nallathanni and Kundaly rivers merges, the name Munnar literally means "three rivers" in Malayalam and Tamil.


document_title: We're the Millers

question_text: who is the girl in we're the millers

question_tokens: who is the girl in we 're the millers

text: We're the Millers

text: Plot[edit]

text: A small-time cannabis dealer named David Clark, who lives in Denver, Colorado, is robbed of his money and weed stash; some of which he owes to his wealthy drug lord supplier Brad Gurdlinger. After David is brought to him, Gurdlinger forces David to smuggle a "smidge" of marijuana from Mexico as a solution to clear his debt. Realizing that one man attempting to get through customs is too suspicious, he hires his stripper neighbor stage-named Rose, a teenage runaway and petty thief named Casey, and his eighteen-year-old neighbor Kenny, to pose as a bogus family called "the Millers." When the Millers reach the compound, they find out that the amount of marijuana they were picking up is not "a smidge" but actually two tons. Because of the extra load of the marijuana on the RV that they are driving, one of the radiator hoses breaks while going up a steep incline. A family they had met at the border, the Fitzgeralds, consisting of Don, Edith, and their teenage daughter Melissa, catch up to them and tow the Millers' RV to a garage. En route to the garage, David learns that Don Fitzgerald is a DEA agent after finding his badge and gun in the glove compartment.

text: The marijuana turns out to be stolen from Pablo Chacón's cartel where Gurdlinger had David pose as an agent of Chacon. The next day, when the Millers return to the garage to collect the RV, the mechanic is found tied-up and gagged with duct tape in his office and Chacón and his henchman One-Eye are waiting for them and prepare to execute the family. They immediately tell Chacón that they are not a real family and that they did not know they were stealing from him. Rose is given a chance to prove that she is a stripper by dancing, and when she gets close, turns a steam vent onto Chacón, allowing the Millers to escape in the RV with Kenny behind the wheel. Due to Kenny's erratic driving, the RV veers off the highway and a Mexican redknee tarantula, hiding in a bowl of fruit, crawls up Kenny's leg and bites his testicle.

text: Kenny has a severe allergic reaction to the bite, and the Millers head to the hospital near a carnival for 4th of July celebrations. This further delays the delivery of the smuggled contraband. During their wait, David and Rose begin to bond and Rose reveals her real name to be Sarah ("with an H"). The two of them scold Casey for leaving with a strange boy, Scotty P; which leaves Casey feeling amused and happy for the attention she didn't receive from her real parents, who neglected her.

text: David renegotiates with Gurdlinger for a fee of $500,000 on the condition that it arrives that night. When Kenny is finally released from the hospital, David rushes him to the RV in a wheelchair and accidentally tips him over. In the ensuing argument, David inadvertently reveals how much he is getting paid, in comparison to how little he offered to pay each of the others. Casey, Sarah, and Kenny are left in disgust by the revelation, and so David leaves them behind at the local carnival.

text: Shortly after leaving, David regrets abandoning them after hearing "Waterfalls" by TLC on the radio and returns to the carnival. Casey confides in Scotty about how she felt like she was actually part of a real family. Scotty tries to sexually harass Casey, but is thwarted by Sarah and Kenny. David then arrives at the carnival, begging them to come back with him and offering each a full share of the profits. On their way to the RV, they encounter Edith and Melissa. In the ensuing conversation between the Millers and the Fitzgeralds, Kenny blurts out that they are smuggling cannabis. One-Eye appears and is about to shoot everyone, but Don comes out of his motor home and knocks him out cold. Chacón then appears from around the corner, with Melissa held at gunpoint and is about to kill them all; but is momentarily distracted by 4th of July firework display. David and Kenny then subdue him while he is distracted. Melissa and Kenny (with a newfound confidence) kiss, as do David and Sarah. Don arrests Chacón, but lets the Millers leave.

text: David delivers the drugs to Gurdlinger, who tells him he is late and that their deal is off, but then admits that he had never intended to pay him at all. DEA agents interrupt the meeting, arresting Gurdlinger, revealing that David grassed them up. Don, the agent in charge of the raid, tells David that he will have to be placed in the witness protection program until the trials of Gurdlinger and Chacón are finished. He then adds that anyone who was a witness to the crime will be put into protection, which pleases David. The Millers are then seen together in a suburban house with several marijuana plants growing in the back garden.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jennifer Aniston as Sarah "Rose" O'Reilly / Miller, a stripper hired by David to pose as his wife.
Jason Sudeikis as David Clark / Miller, a drug dealer who forms the Millers.
Emma Roberts as Casey Mathis / Miller, a 20-year-old runaway from neglectful parents, and thief, hired by David to pose as his teenage daughter.
Will Poulter as Kenny Rossmore / Miller, David's socially awkward and underconfident 18-year-old neighbor posing as his son.
Ed Helms as Brad Gurdlinger, a drug lord who hires David to smuggle marijuana from Mexico.
Nick Offerman as Don Fitzgerald, a DEA agent who befriends the Millers.
Kathryn Hahn as Edith Fitzgerald, Don's wife.
Molly Quinn as Melissa Fitzgerald, Don and Edie's teenage daughter and Kenny's love interest.
Tomer Sisley as Pablo Chacón, a Mexican drug lord and the film's main villain.
Matthew Willig as One-Eye, Pablo's henchman.
Luis Guzmán as a Mexican cop who demands a bribe from the Millers.
Thomas Lennon as Rick Nathanson, a former college classmate of David's.
Mark L. Young as Scottie P., a kiddie ride attendant who befriends Casey.
Ken Marino as Todd, the sleazy owner of the strip club that Rose worked at.
Laura-Leigh as Kymberly/Boner Garage, one of Rose's fellow strippers.
Sam Richardson as TSA Agent

text: Production[edit]

text: Development of the movie first began in 2002.[5] By 2006, the film was announced with Steve Buscemi as the pot dealer, with Will Arnett in another role, but no further development was made.[6] In April 2012, various news media broke the news that Jennifer Aniston and Jason Sudeikis were in talks to star in the film.[7][8] The film added Emma Roberts, Will Poulter, Ed Helms and Kathryn Hahn in July.[9][10]

text: Production began in Wilmington, North Carolina on July 23, 2012.[9] Filming also took place in New Mexico.[11] It was presented during the 2013 Traverse City Film Festival.[12]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released in theaters on August 7, 2013 in the United States,[13] and on August 23, 2013 in the United Kingdom. It was released on September 18, 2013 in France, and was released on November 8, 2013 in Spain.

text: Home media[edit]

text: We're the Millers was released on Blu-ray and DVD on November 19, 2013 by Warner Home Video.[14][15] The DVD was released as a two-disc special edition, containing two versions of the film: the original theatrical version and the "unrated" extended cut featuring over 8 minutes of new material. Special features included over 45 minutes of featurettes, outtakes and deleted scenes.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: We're the Millers grossed over seven times its $37 million budget, earning over $150 million in North America and $119 million internationally for a worldwide total of $270 million.[13]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 47% based on 150 reviews with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "We're the Millers squanders its potential with an uneven, lazily assembled story."[16] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 44 out of 100 based on 38 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[17] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

2013
Key Art Awards
Best Trailer – Audio/Visual
Warner Bros., New Line Cinema, Trailer Park
Nominated

2014
People's Choice Awards[19]
Favorite Movie Actress
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Favorite Comedic Movie Actress
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Favorite On-Screen Chemistry
Jennifer Aniston and Jason Sudeikis
Nominated

Favorite Comedic Movie
We're the Millers
Nominated

British Academy Film Awards
BAFTA Rising Star Award
Will Poulter
Won

Empire Awards
Best Male Newcomer
Will Poulter
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards[20][21]
Best Female Performance
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Best Breakthrough Performance
Will Poulter
Won

Best Shirtless Performance
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Best Kiss
Emma Roberts, Will Poulter, Jennifer Aniston
Won

Best Song from a Movie
Will Poulter – Waterfalls
Nominated

Best Comedic Performance
Jason Sudeikis
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[22]
Choice Movie Actress: Comedy
Emma Roberts
Won

Choice Movie: Liplock
Emma Roberts, Jennifer Aniston, Will Poulter
Nominated

Choice Movie: Hissy Fit
Jason Sudeikis
Nominated

2015
Casting Society of America
Big Budget Comedy
Lisa Beach, Sarah Katzman, Lisa Mae Fincannon, Jeremy Gordon, Beth Lipari, Dana Salerno
Nominated

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On February 25, 2014, New Line Cinema announced that a sequel to We're the Millers was in development, with Adam Sztykiel writing the script.[4]


document_title: Carbon cycle

question_text: the process by which trees remove carbon from the air and store it in their biomass is known as

text: Carbon cycle

text: Global climate[edit]

text: Carbon exists in various forms in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are partly responsible for the greenhouse effect and among the most important human-contributed greenhouse gases.[2]

text: In the past two centuries, human activities have altered the global carbon cycle, most significantly in the atmosphere. Although carbon dioxide levels have changed naturally over the past several thousand years, human emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere have created unnatural fluctuations.[2] Changes in the amount of atmospheric CO2 are considerably altering weather patterns and indirectly influencing oceanic chemistry. Current carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere exceed measurements from the last 1,000 years and levels are rising quickly,[3] making it of critical importance to better understand how the carbon cycle works and what its effects are on the global climate.[2]

text: Main components[edit]

text:
Carbon pools in the major reservoirs on earth.[2]

Pool
Quantity (gigatons)

Atmosphere
720

Oceans (total)
38,400

Total inorganic
37,400

Total organic
1,000

Surface layer
670

Deep layer
36,730

Lithosphere

Sedimentary carbonates
> 60,000,000

Kerogens
15,000,000

Terrestrial biosphere (total)
2,000

Living biomass
600 - 1,000

Dead biomass
1,200

Aquatic biosphere
1 - 2

Fossil fuels (total)
4,130

Coal
3,510

Oil
230

Gas
140

Other (peat)
250

text: The global carbon cycle is now usually divided into the following major reservoirs of carbon interconnected by pathways of exchange:

text:
The atmosphere
The terrestrial biosphere
The oceans, including dissolved inorganic carbon and living and non-living marine biota
The sediments, including fossil fuels, fresh water systems and non-living organic material.
The Earth's interior, carbon from the Earth's mantle and crust. These carbon stores interact with the other components through geological processes

text: The carbon exchanges between reservoirs occur as the result of various chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes. The ocean contains the largest active pool of carbon near the surface of the Earth.[2] The natural flows of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial ecosystems, and sediments is fairly balanced, so that carbon levels would be roughly stable without human influence.[4][5]

text: Atmosphere[edit]

text: Carbon in the Earth's atmosphere exists in two main forms: carbon dioxide and methane. Both of these gases absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere and are partially responsible for the greenhouse effect. Methane produces a larger greenhouse effect per volume as compared to carbon dioxide, but it exists in much lower concentrations and is more short-lived than carbon dioxide, making carbon dioxide the more important greenhouse gas of the two.[6]

text: Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere primarily through photosynthesis and enters the terrestrial and oceanic biospheres. Carbon dioxide also dissolves directly from the atmosphere into bodies of water (oceans, lakes, etc.), as well as dissolving in precipitation as raindrops fall through the atmosphere. When dissolved in water, carbon dioxide reacts with water molecules and forms carbonic acid, which contributes to ocean acidity. It can then be absorbed by rocks through weathering. It also can acidify other surfaces it touches or be washed into the ocean.[7]

text: Human activities over the past two centuries have significantly increased the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, mainly in the form of carbon dioxide, both by modifying ecosystems' ability to extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and by emitting it directly, e.g., by burning fossil fuels and manufacturing concrete.[2]

text: Terrestrial biosphere[edit]

text: The terrestrial biosphere includes the organic carbon in all land-living organisms, both alive and dead, as well as carbon stored in soils. About 500 gigatons of carbon are stored above ground in plants and other living organisms,[4] while soil holds approximately 1,500 gigatons of carbon.[8] Most carbon in the terrestrial biosphere is organic carbon,[9] while about a third of soil carbon is stored in inorganic forms, such as calcium carbonate.[10] Organic carbon is a major component of all organisms living on earth. Autotrophs extract it from the air in the form of carbon dioxide, converting it into organic carbon, while heterotrophs receive carbon by consuming other organisms.

text: Because carbon uptake in the terrestrial biosphere is dependent on biotic factors, it follows a diurnal and seasonal cycle. In CO2 measurements, this feature is apparent in the Keeling curve. It is strongest in the northern hemisphere, because this hemisphere has more land mass than the southern hemisphere and thus more room for ecosystems to absorb and emit carbon.

text: Carbon leaves the terrestrial biosphere in several ways and on different time scales. The combustion or respiration of organic carbon releases it rapidly into the atmosphere. It can also be exported into the oceans through rivers or remain sequestered in soils in the form of inert carbon. Carbon stored in soil can remain there for up to thousands of years before being washed into rivers by erosion or released into the atmosphere through soil respiration. Between 1989 and 2008 soil respiration increased by about 0.1% per year.[11] In 2008, the global total of CO2 released from the soil reached roughly 98 billion tonnes, about 10 times more carbon than humans are now putting into the atmosphere each year by burning fossil fuel. There are a few plausible explanations for this trend, but the most likely explanation is that increasing temperatures have increased rates of decomposition of soil organic matter, which has increased the flow of CO2. The length of carbon sequestering in soil is dependent on local climatic conditions and thus changes in the course of climate change. From pre-industrial era to 2010, the terrestrial biosphere represented a net source of atmospheric CO2 prior to 1940, switching subsequently to a net sink.[12]

text: Oceans[edit]

text: Oceans contain the greatest quantity of actively cycled carbon in this world and are second only to the lithosphere in the amount of carbon they store.[2] The oceans' surface layer holds large amounts of dissolved inorganic carbon that is exchanged rapidly with the atmosphere. The deep layer's concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is about 15% higher than that of the surface layer.[13] DIC is stored in the deep layer for much longer periods of time.[4] Thermohaline circulation exchanges carbon between these two layers.[2]

text: Carbon enters the ocean mainly through the dissolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is converted into carbonate. It can also enter the oceans through rivers as dissolved organic carbon. It is converted by organisms into organic carbon through photosynthesis and can either be exchanged throughout the food chain or precipitated into the ocean's deeper, more carbon rich layers as dead soft tissue or in shells as calcium carbonate. It circulates in this layer for long periods of time before either being deposited as sediment or, eventually, returned to the surface waters through thermohaline circulation.[4]

text: Oceanic absorption of CO2 is one of the most important forms of carbon sequestering limiting the human-caused rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. However, this process is limited by a number of factors. Because the rate of CO2 dissolution in the ocean is dependent on the weathering of rocks and this process takes place slower than current rates of human greenhouse gas emissions, ocean CO2 uptake will decrease in the future.[2] CO2 absorption also makes water more acidic, which affects ocean biosystems. The projected rate of increasing oceanic acidity could slow the biological precipitation of calcium carbonates, thus decreasing the ocean's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.[14][15]

text: Earth's interior[edit]

text: The geologic component of the carbon cycle operates slowly in comparison to the other parts of the global carbon cycle. It is one of the most important determinants of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, and thus of global temperatures.[16]

text: Most of the earth's carbon is stored inertly in the earth's lithosphere.[2] Much of the carbon stored in the earth's mantle was stored there when the earth formed.[17] Some of it was deposited in the form of organic carbon from the biosphere.[18] Of the carbon stored in the geosphere, about 80% is limestone and its derivatives, which form from the sedimentation of calcium carbonate stored in the shells of marine organisms. The remaining 20% is stored as kerogens formed through the sedimentation and burial of terrestrial organisms under high heat and pressure. Organic carbon stored in the geosphere can remain there for millions of years.[16]

text: Carbon can leave the geosphere in several ways. Carbon dioxide is released during the metamorphosis of carbonate rocks when they are subducted into the earth's mantle. This carbon dioxide can be released into the atmosphere and ocean through volcanoes and hotspots.[17] It can also be removed by humans through the direct extraction of kerogens in the form of fossil fuels. After extraction, fossil fuels are burned to release energy, thus emitting the carbon they store into the atmosphere.

text: Human influence[edit]

text: Since the industrial revolution, human activity has modified the carbon cycle by changing its components' functions and directly adding carbon to the atmosphere.[2]

text: The largest human impact on the carbon cycle is through direct emissions from burning fossil fuels, which transfers carbon from the geosphere into the atmosphere. The rest of this increase is caused mostly by changes in land-use, particularly deforestation.

text: Another direct human impact on the carbon cycle is the chemical process of calcination of limestone for clinker production, which releases CO2.[23] Clinker is an industrial precursor of cement.

text: Humans also influence the carbon cycle indirectly by changing the terrestrial and oceanic biosphere. Over the past several centuries, direct and indirect human-caused land use and land cover change (LUCC) has led to the loss of biodiversity, which lowers ecosystems' resilience to environmental stresses and decreases their ability to remove carbon from the atmosphere. More directly, it often leads to the release of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems into the atmosphere. Deforestation for agricultural purposes removes forests, which hold large amounts of carbon, and replaces them, generally with agricultural or urban areas. Both of these replacement land cover types store comparatively small amounts of carbon, so that the net product of the process is that more carbon stays in the atmosphere.

text: Other human-caused changes to the environment change ecosystems' productivity and their ability to remove carbon from the atmosphere. Air pollution, for example, damages plants and soils, while many agricultural and land use practices lead to higher erosion rates, washing carbon out of soils and decreasing plant productivity.

text: Humans also affect the oceanic carbon cycle. Current trends in climate change lead to higher ocean temperatures, thus modifying ecosystems. Also, acid rain and polluted runoff from agriculture and industry change the ocean's chemical composition. Such changes can have dramatic effects on highly sensitive ecosystems such as coral reefs, thus limiting the ocean's ability to absorb carbon from the atmosphere on a regional scale and reducing oceanic biodiversity globally.

text: Arctic methane emissions indirectly caused by anthropogenic global warming also affect the carbon cycle, and contribute to further warming in what is known as climate change feedback.

text: On 12 November 2015, NASA scientists reported that human-made carbon dioxide (CO2) continues to increase above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years: currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere and is not absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.[19][20][21][22]