document_title: Once Upon a Time (TV series)

question_text: where is once upon a time filmed 2017

question_tokens: where is once upon a time filmed 2017

text: Once Upon a Time (TV series)

text: Series overview[edit]

text: For the first six seasons, the series originally took place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales and other stories that were transported to the "real world" town and robbed of their original memories by the Evil Queen Regina (Lana Parrilla) who used a powerful curse obtained from Rumpelstiltskin (Robert Carlyle). The residents of Storybrooke, where Regina is mayor, have lived an unchanging existence for 28 years, unaware of their own lack of aging. The town's only hope lies with a bail-bonds person named Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison), the daughter of Snow White (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Prince Charming (Josh Dallas), who was transported from the Enchanted Forest to our world via a magic tree as an infant before she could be cursed. As such, she is the only person who can break the curse and restore the characters' lost memories. She is aided by her son, Henry (Jared S. Gilmore), with whom she was recently reunited after giving him up for adoption upon his birth, and his Once Upon a Time book of fairy tales that holds the key to breaking the curse. Henry is also the adopted son of Regina, providing a source of both conflict and common interest between the two women.

text: With the seventh season reboot, the setting currently takes place years later in the Seattle neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, where the characters were brought into this "real world" under a new curse from a different realm known as the Magical Forest, where Lady Tremaine has plotted to destroy Cinderella after she killed her father and blamed her for the "death" of her eldest daughter, only to have an adult Henry Mills become involved and eventually fell in love with Cinderella. Hoping to restore her family's memories, a young girl named Lucy must convince Henry, who happens to be her father and Cinderella's daughter, to save the trapped characters, which is being controlled by her step-grandmother Victoria Belfrey (who is actually a non-cursed Lady Tremaine), a ruthless developer who wants to push the characters out of the neighborhood, including Cinderella (who is now Jacinda, a fast-food worker), Tiana (who is now Sabine, Jacinda's roommate), Regina (now a bar owner named Roni), Rumpelstiltskin/Gold (now a rouge Detective Weaver) and a wish-realm version of Killian Jones (now Detective Rogers, Weaver's partner).

text: Episodes usually have one segment that details the characters' past lives that, when serialized, adds a piece to the puzzle about the characters and their connection to the events that preceded the curse and its consequences. The other, set in the present day, follows a similar pattern with a different outcome but also offers similar insights.

text: Season 1 (2011–12)[edit]

text: The first season premiered on October 23, 2011. The Evil Queen interrupts the wedding of Snow White and Prince Charming to announce that she will cast a curse on everyone that will leave her with the only happy ending. The majority of the characters are transported to the town of Storybrooke, Maine, where they have been stripped of their original memories and identities as fairy tale characters. On her 28th birthday, Emma Swan, the daughter of Snow White and Prince Charming, is brought to Storybrooke by her biological son Henry Mills in the hopes of breaking the curse cast by his adoptive mother, the Evil Queen Regina.

text: Season 2 (2012–13)[edit]

text: The second season premiered on September 30, 2012.[8] Despite Emma having broken the curse, the characters are not returned to the fairy tale world, and must deal with their own dual identities. With the introduction of magic into Storybrooke by Mr. Gold, the fates of the two worlds become intertwined, and new threats emerge in the form of Captain Hook (Colin O'Donoghue), Regina's mother Cora (Barbara Hershey), also known as the Queen of Hearts, and sinister operatives from our world with an agenda to destroy magic.

text: Season 3 (2013–14)[edit]

text: The third season premiered on September 29, 2013. It was split into two volumes, with the first eleven episodes running from September to December 2013, and the later half from March to May 2014. In the first volume, the main characters travel to Neverland to rescue Henry, who has been kidnapped by Peter Pan (Robbie Kay) as part of a plan to obtain the "Heart of the Truest Believer" from him. Their increasing power struggle with Pan continues in Storybrooke, which ultimately results in the complete reversal of the original curse. All the characters are returned to their original worlds, leaving Emma and Henry to escape to New York City. In the second volume, the characters are mysteriously brought back to a recreated Storybrooke with their memories of the previous year removed, and the envious Wicked Witch of the West (Rebecca Mader) from the Land of Oz appears with a plan to change the past. Once again, Emma is needed to save her family.

text: Season 4 (2014–15)[edit]

text: The fourth season premiered on September 28, 2014. It was also split into two volumes, with the first eleven episodes running from September to December 2014, and the later half from March to May 2015. A new storyline incorporating elements from Frozen was revealed when the time travel events of the previous season lead to the accidental arrival of Elsa (Georgina Haig) from the Enchanted Forest of the past to present-day Storybrooke. As she searches for her sister Anna (Elizabeth Lail) with the aid of the main characters, they encounter the Snow Queen (Elizabeth Mitchell).[9] Meanwhile, Regina seeks the Author of Henry's Once Upon a Time book so that she can finally have her happy ending. However, Mr. Gold, with the help of Cruella De Vil (Victoria Smurfit), Maleficent (Kristin Bauer van Straten), and Ursula (Merrin Dungey), has his own plan to rewrite the rules governing the fates of all heroes and villains. Henry and Emma race to restore reality and the truth before the twisted inversion becomes permanent. However, the price leads to the ultimate sacrifice.

text: Season 5 (2015–16)[edit]

text: The fifth season was announced on May 7, 2015,[10] and premiered on September 27, 2015. It was once again split into two volumes with the first volume ran from September to December 2015, and the second volume from March to May 2016. The characters embark on a quest to Camelot to find the Sorcerer Merlin (Elliot Knight) in order to free Emma from the powers of an ancient darkness that threatens to destroy everything. To complicate matters, King Arthur (Liam Garrigan) is determined to forever alter the balance between light and darkness using the legendary Excalibur. As history and destiny collide, unsuspected consequences lead the characters to the Underworld where they encounter souls of those with unfinished business and must face Hades (Greg Germann). In an attempt to restore order to the chaos that has culminated, the characters' dangerous manipulations of magic lead to an exacerbation of the war between light and darkness, with the separation of Regina and her Evil Queen persona, as well as the arrival of Dr. Jekyll (Hank Harris) and Mr. Hyde (Sam Witwer).

text: Season 6 (2016–17)[edit]

text: The sixth season was announced on March 3, 2016, and premiered on September 25, 2016. The characters must defend Storybrooke from the combined threat of Mr. Hyde and an unleashed Evil Queen and the mysterious fate of saviors leads to Emma learning about Aladdin (Deniz Akdeniz).[11] The ongoing war on light and darkness ultimately leads to the arrival of the Black Fairy (Jaime Murray) as well as the final battle that was prophesied before the casting of the original curse.

text: Season 7 (2017)[edit]

text: In May 2017, the series was renewed for a seventh season consisting of 22 episodes,[12] which marks the beginning of a soft reboot.[13][14][15] The new setting takes place years later in the Seattle, Washington neighborhood of Hyperion Heights where Lucy (Alison Fernandez) arrives with her Once Upon a Time book to find her father Henry Mills (Andrew J. West) who is needed by his family.[16][17][18] The inhabitants of Hyperion Heights are inhabitants of the Magical Forest who were brought there by another Dark Curse. Businesswoman Victoria Belfry (Gabrielle Anwar) plans to take over Hyperion Heights and revive her daughter Anastasia.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Viewers
(millions)
Viewers
rank
18–49
rating/share
18-49
rank

1
22
October 23, 2011 (2011-10-23)
May 13, 2012 (2012-05-13)
11.71
28[19]
4.1/10
18[20]

2
22
September 30, 2012 (2012-09-30)
May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12)
10.24
35[21]
3.6/9
18[22]

3
22
September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
9.38
35[23]
3.3/8
12[24]

4
22
September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)
May 10, 2015 (2015-05-10)
8.98
50[25]
3.2/7
17[25]

5
23
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)
May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)
6.32
69[26]
2.2/7
34[26]

6
22
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
May 14, 2017 (2017-05-14)
4.39
105[27]
1.5/5
70[27]

7
22[28]
October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06)
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

text: Once Upon a Time's first season received "generally favorable" reviews from critics. Metacritic gave it a score of 66 out of 100 based on 26 reviews. The pilot episode was watched by 12.93 million viewers and achieved an adult 18–49 rating/share of 4.0/10. The second season premiered on September 30, 2012, to an audience of 11.36 million viewers, while the third season began on September 29, 2013, opening to 8.52 million viewers. In May 2014, ABC renewed the show for its fourth season, premiering in September 2014 to an audience of 9.47 million viewers. The series was renewed for a fifth season in May 2015 and for a sixth season in March 2016.[29] On May 11, 2017, ABC renewed the series for a 22-episode seventh season.[30]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ginnifer Goodwin as Snow White / Mary Margaret Blanchard (seasons 1–6)[31][32]
Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan (seasons 1–6)[31][32][33]
Lana Parrilla as Evil Queen / Regina Mills / Roni[31][34]
Josh Dallas as Pauper[35] / Prince Charming / David Nolan (seasons 1–6)[31][32]
Jared S. Gilmore as Henry Mills (seasons 1–6)[32][36]
Raphael Sbarge as Jiminy Cricket / Dr. Archibald "Archie" Hopper (main season 1; recurring seasons 2–3, 6)
Jamie Dornan as Huntsman / Sheriff Graham Humbert (season 1)
Robert Carlyle as Rumplestiltskin / Crocodile / Beast / Mr. Gold[31] / Weaver
Eion Bailey as Pinocchio / August Wayne Booth (main season 1; recurring seasons 2, 4, 6)
Emilie de Ravin as Belle / Lacey (main seasons 2–6; recurring season 1)[31][32][37]
Meghan Ory as Red Riding Hood / Wolf / Ruby (main season 2; recurring seasons 1, 3, 5)[38]
Colin O'Donoghue as Killian Jones / Captain Hook / Rogers (seasons 2–)[31]
Michael Raymond-James as Baelfire / Neal Cassidy (main season 3; recurring season 2)
Michael Socha as Will Scarlet / Knave of Hearts / White King (season 4)
Rebecca Mader as Zelena / Wicked Witch of the West (main seasons 5–6; recurring seasons 3–4, 7)[31][39][40]
Sean Maguire as Robin Hood (main season 5; recurring season 3–4, 6)[31][39]
Andrew J. West as Henry Mills (season 7)
Dania Ramirez as Cinderella / Jacinda (season 7)
Gabrielle Anwar as Lady Tremaine / Victoria Belfrey (season 7)
Alison Fernandez as Lucy (season 7)
Mekia Cox as Tiana / Sabine (season 7)

text: Development and production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis conceived the show in 2004 before joining the writing staff of Lost, but wanted to wait until that series was over to focus on this project.[41]

text:
The idea is to take these characters that we all know collectively and try to find things about them that we haven't explored before. Sometimes it's a story point, sometimes it's a thematic connection, sometimes it's a dilemma they face in both worlds that is similar. We are not generally retelling the exact same story as the fairy tale world.
“
”

— Executive producer Adam Horowitz[42]

tag: div

text: Eight years before the Once Upon a Time pilot (the two had just completed their work on Felicity, in 2002), Kitsis and Horowitz became inspired to write fairy tales out of a love of "mystery and excitement of exploring lots of different worlds."[43] They presented the premise to networks, but were refused because of its fantastic nature.[44] From their time on Lost, the writers learned to look at the story in a different way,[44] namely that "character has to trump mythology."[42]

text: They explained,

text: "As people, you've got to see what the void in their heart or in their lives is to care about them ... For us, this was as much about the character journeys and seeing what was ripped from them in coming to Storybrooke – going at it that way as opposed to making it the 'break-the-curse show.'"[45]

text: Despite the comparisons and similarities to Lost, the writers intend them to be very different shows.[44] To them, Lost concerned itself with redemption, while Once Upon a Time is about "hope".[46] Lost co-creator Damon Lindelof aids in the development of the series as a consultant, but has no official credit on the show. Kitsis and Horowitz have called him a "godfather" to the series.[47][48] To differentiate the storytelling from what the audience already knew, the writing staff decided to begin the pilot with the end of the typical Snow White fairytale.[45] Themes concerning family and motherhood were emphasized, in contrast to the focus on fatherhood in Lost. Kitsis and Horowitz sought to write strong female characters, rather than the classic damsel in distress. Horowitz stated their desire to approach each character the same way, asking themselves, "How do we make these icons real, make them relatable?"[44]

text: The pilot is meant to be the "template of the series".[43] Kitsis confirmed that every week will contain flashbacks between both worlds,[42] as they "love the idea of going back and forth and informing what the character is missing in their life."[49] The writers' desire to present a "mash up" of many small characters can be seen in a scene of the pilot, in which there is a war council featuring Geppetto, Pinocchio, and Grumpy. Horowitz elaborated, "One of the fun things for us coming up with these stories is thinking of ways these different characters can interact in ways they never have before."[44] Since then, the creators have added more elements, and given its ties to Disney, have managed to expand the universe to include more recent material, by throwing out hints that they might look ahead at incorporating characters from Brave and Frozen in future episodes, if they get the green light from Disney.[50] The Season 3 finale introduced Elsa in the final minutes of the episode.[51]

text: The general premise, importing the Snow White core characters into the "real world", was previously seen on ABC television in the short-lived 1980s comedy The Charmings. The show also has a similar premise to Bill Willingham's ten-year-old comic series Fables, to which ABC bought the rights in 2008 but never made it past planning stages. After Fables fans raised controversy over possible appropriation, the show writers initially denied a link, but later said they may have "read a couple issues" of the comic book but while the two concepts are "in the same playground", they are "telling a different story."[49] Bill Willingham responded to the controversy in an interview, where he stated he did not feel the show was plagiarism and said: "Maybe they did remember reading Fables back then, but didn't want to mention it because we've become a very litigious people."[49][52]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Secondary character casting director, Samuel Forsyth, started the casting process in 2010. Horowitz stated that everyone they initially wanted for roles in the series accepted their roles after being sent a script.[43][44] Ginnifer Goodwin was cast as Snow White / Mary Margaret Blanchard,[53] who appreciated that she would be playing a strong character that was fleshed out for the audience. Goodwin had stated in interviews that she would love to play Snow White, and called her acceptance of the role "a no-brainer."[54] Both Kitsis and Horowitz are self-described big fans of Goodwin's previous series, Big Love, and wrote the part of Snow White with her in mind.[44] Josh Dallas, who portrays Prince Charming / David Nolan, was pleased the writers took "some dramatic license" with his character, believing the prince had become more real. He explained,

text: "Prince Charming just happens to be a name. He's still a man with the same emotions as any other man. He's a Prince, but he's a Prince of the people. He gets his hands dirty. He's got a kingdom to run. He has a family to protect. He has an epic, epic love for Snow White. He's like everybody else. He's human."[54]

text: Jennifer Morrison was hired for the part of Emma Swan.[55] The actress explained her character as someone who "help[s] her son Henry whom she abandoned when he was a baby and who seems like he's a little bit emotionally dysfunctional", but noted that Emma does not start out believing in the fairytale universe.[54] Ten-year old Jared Gilmore, known for his work on Mad Men, took the role of her son, Henry.[55] The role of The Evil Queen/ Regina was given to Lana Parrilla.[56]

text:
"There's always two stories being told when playing Regina. There's the threat of her knowing she's an evil queen and then there's just the pure simple fact that the biological mother has stepped into her world and the threat of losing her son is just enormous. That's a fear that I think any adopted mother would have. I think that's going to really help the audience relate to Regina in some level."

—Lana Parrilla[54]

text: The role of Rumplestiltskin / Mr. Gold was given to Robert Carlyle,[57] after having been written with him in mind, though the writers initially thought he would not accept the part.[42] Horowitz recalled Carlyle's prison sequence, which was the actor's first day on the set as "mind-blowing ... You could see Ginny actually jump, the first time he did that character. It was fantastic!"[43] Jamie Dornan portrayed the Huntsman / Sheriff Graham[58] as a series regular before being killed off in the seventh episode,[59] while Eion Bailey was cast as Pinocchio / August Wayne Booth[58] in a recurring role,[60] starting in the show's ninth episode, "True North", where he was credited as "Stranger", he was promoted to series regular status for the fifteenth episode, "Red-Handed".[61] Raphael Sbarge portrayed Jiminy Cricket / Dr. Archie Hopper.[58]

text: For the second season, Meghan Ory and Emilie de Ravin were promoted to series regulars as Red Riding Hood / Ruby[62] and Belle / Lacey[63] respectively, while Bailey made guest appearances in two episodes after departing the series[64][65] and Sbarge joined the recurring cast.[66] Colin O'Donoghue was cast as Captain Killian "Hook" Jones,[67] and was upped to series regular for the fourteenth episode of the season.[68]

text: For the third season, Michael Raymond-James was promoted to a series regular as Neal Cassidy,[69] while Ory did not return as a series regular due to commitments to the TV series, Intelligence.[70]

text: For the fourth season, Michael Socha was brought onto the show as Will Scarlet / Knave of Hearts from the show's spin-off, Once Upon a Time in Wonderland,[71][72] while Raymond-James was dropped from the regular cast[73] when the writers decided to kill off his character.[73] Bailey returned in a recurring arc towards the end of the season after being absent from the show since the second season.[74]

text: For the fifth season, Rebecca Mader[39] and Sean Maguire[39] were announced to have been promoted to series regulars as Zelena / Wicked Witch of the West and Robin Hood respectively, while Socha was confirmed to not be returning as a series regular.[75] Ory also returned to the series in a recurring capacity after being absent since the third-season finale.[38]

text: Before the series was renewed for a seventh season, Jennifer Morrison announced that, if the series were to be renewed, she would not be returning as a series regular for that season but agreed to return for one episode to wrap up Emma Swan's storyline.[76] Later that week, actress Rebecca Mader announced that she would also be leaving the series after the sixth season wrapped. It was later announced that Ginnifer Goodwin, Josh Dallas, Jared S. Gilmore and Emilie de Ravin would also be leaving the show after the sixth season's finale aired. Along with departures, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were announced to be joining the seventh season of the show as series regulars after guest starring in the previous season's finale. They will portray an older Henry Mills and his daughter Lucy respectively. In July 2017, actresses Dania Ramirez and Gabrielle Anwar were announced to be joining the cast of the seventh season as series regulars, playing new iterations of Cinderella and Lady Tremaine, respectively.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for the series takes place in Vancouver, British Columbia.[77][78] The village of Steveston in the adjacent city of Richmond doubles as Storybrooke for the series, with props and exterior sets disguising the existing businesses and buildings. During filming, all brightly-colored objects (flowers, etc.) are hidden to reinforce the story village's spell-subdued character. Certain sets are additionally filmed in separate studios, including the interior of Mr. Gold's pawn shop and the clock tower, which are not found in Steveston.[79]

text: Setting[edit]

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text: Enchanted Forest[edit]

text: The Enchanted Forest is a realm within Fairy Tale Land. The actual spread and scope of the Enchanted Forest is currently unknown. However they were later united during the Ogre Wars, which played a part in the formation of the War Council that was formed by Prince Charming and served as the catalysts in the backstories involving Rumpelstiltskin and Regina, the Evil Queen. Several independent kingdoms are implied by an array of different rulers. Most of the stories detailed their earlier lives before ascension to power and being influenced by their mentors through their upbringings.

text: Land Without Magic[edit]

text: The Land Without Magic is shown to be the only magic-less land, and not connected to the others. It is often said that travelling to the Land Without Magic is hard. However, it is shown that various characters from different lands are able to reach the Land Without Magic by different means. One of them is the Snow Queen came to the Land Without Magic in 1982 with the Apprentice’s help.[80] Other means of travelling to this land are magical doors created by the Apprentice, magic beans, or the Dark Curse that is responsible for the creation of Storybrooke in Maine and Hyperion Heights in Seattle.

text: Expanded Settings[edit]

text: The realms and worlds featured in the series are mostly based on many fairy tales, mythologies and real life locations and are magical, unlike the real world which is dubbed the Land Without Magic. Just like the Enchanted Forest, the other realms and worlds were affected by the Evil Queen’s curse, but indirectly, merely freezing them in time and state for twenty-eight years.

text: Some of the worlds within the universe are mostly based fairy tales where witchcraft plays a vital role in the lands. Known worlds are Fairy Tale Land,[81] Wonderland,[81] Neverland,[81] the Land of Oz,[81] the Alternate World,[82] the Land of Untold Stories,[81] the World Behind the Mirror,[83] the Dark Realm,[84] the Wish Realm,[84] the Magical Forest,[85] and the Edge of Realms.[86] There are also worlds known as the Realms of Storytelling.[87] These realms are mostly based on the Land Without Magic, taking the name of a certain location and a certain time period. Known worlds are the Land Without Color,[81] 19th Century London,[88] Victorian England,[89] Kansas,[90] 1920s England[91] and 19th Century France.[92] Additionally, several spiritual worlds exist in the universe. These worlds are known to not sustain living inhabitants, merely souls of the living in some and the deceased in others, with exception of the deities. Such worlds are the Dream World,[93] the Netherworld,[94] the Underworld,[95] Mount Olympus,[96] and the Worst Place.[97]

text: Cultural references[edit]

text: As a nod to the ties between the production teams of Once Upon a Time and Lost, the former show contains allusions to Lost, and is expected to continue alluding to Lost throughout its run.[49] For example, many items found in the Lost universe, such as Apollo candy bars, Oceanic Airlines, Ajira Airways, the TV series Exposé and MacCutcheon Whiskey, can be seen in Once Upon a Time.[98]

text: Music[edit]

text: Mark Isham composed the series' theme and music. On February 14, 2012, an extended play album featuring four cues from the score was released by ABC Studios.[99] On May 1, 2012, a full-length 25-track official soundtrack album was released by Intrada Records to accompany season one.[100] On August 13, 2013, another full-length 25-track official soundtrack album was released by Intrada to accompany season two.[101] Since December 2015, Mark Isham had begun to release music that was previously not released from the third, fourth and fifth seasons on his Soundcloud account.

text:
[show]Season 1 Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Once Upon a Time Orchestral Suite"
4:13

2.
"Henry's Proposal"
1:17

3.
"The Queen's Curse"
2:46

4.
"Jiminy Cricket"
3:11

5.
"Dealing With Rumplestiltskin"
3:26

6.
"Belle's Story"
2:37

7.
"Dwarves"
2:45

8.
"The Huntsman"
4:31

9.
"Things Are Changing in Storybrooke"
1:47

10.
"Cinderella"
1:44

11.
"Wedding Dance"
1:21

12.
"Advising Ashley"
2:26

13.
"If The Shoe Fits"
1:35

14.
"Unhappy Endings"
3:46

15.
"Emma And Henry"
1:43

16.
"The Siren"
5:07

17.
"The Man with the Wooden Box"
1:11

18.
"Hope Will Return"
1:48

19.
"Rumplestiltskin in Love"
2:19

20.
"The Genie's Wishes"
1:58

21.
"The Road To True Love"
2:50

22.
"The Family Compass"
2:00

23.
"Burn The Witch"
2:34

24.
"What The Queen Loves Most"
2:30

25.
"The Clock Moves"
1:12

text:
[show]Season 2 Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Sleeping Beauty"
2:29

2.
"True Love"
4:45

3.
"Magic"
3:12

4.
"We Are Both"
1:41

5.
"Meet the Jefferson"
2:37

6.
"Ruby and Granny"
1:54

7.
"A Real Boy"
2:26

8.
"The Hedge Maze"
4:13

9.
"Regina's True Love"
2:29

10.
"Storybrooke Reunions"
2:12

11.
"The Duelists"
1:21

12.
"The Lady Jack"
0:45

13.
"In a Burning Room"
4:16

14.
"Tallahassee"
2:21

15.
"This Boy Will Be Your Undoing"
2:46

16.
"Science!"
1:23

17.
"To Neverland!"
1:58

18.
"Cora's Waltz"
2:19

19.
"Snow White in Black"
2:45

20.
"How Magic Is Made"
3:33

21.
"One Perfect Day After Another"
2:37

22.
"Bae and the Shadow"
2:45

23.
"Tamara Shows Her True Colors"
4:20

24.
"The Adventure Begins"
2:14

25.
"Main Title"
0:14

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series has been licensed to over 190 countries.[102] In Australia, Once Upon a Time first aired on Seven Network, starting on May 15, 2012. In Canada it airs on CTV from October 23, 2011. It premiered on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom on April 1, 2012.[103] On December 17, 2013, it was confirmed that Channel 5 would not be picking the series up for the third season airing in the UK.[103] On March 14, 2015, Netflix picked up the show in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, subsequently showing all seasons and premiering each new episode on Wednesdays after their initial showing on Sundays on ABC.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Critical response to the first season was generally positive. On Metacritic, it was given a score of 66 out of 100 with "generally favorable reviews".[104] E!'s Kristin dos Santos cited the show as one of the five new shows of the 2011–2012 season to watch.[105] Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe gave the show a "C+" grade commenting

text: "From a pair of Lost producers, this is a love-or-hate proposition. The ambition is impressive, as it asks us to imagine Goodwin's Snow White and Parrilla's Evil Queen as moderns. But Morrison is a wooden lead, and the back stories – a random collection of fairy tales -- don't promise to surprise."[106]

text: In a review from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, TV critic Gail Pennington hailed it as one of the "Most Promising Shows of The Fall" and, unlike Gilbert, had high marks for Morrison.[107] USA Today's Robert Blanco placed the series on its top ten list, declaring that "There's nothing else on the air quite like it."[108] Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times preferred the series to another fairy-tale themed drama, Grimm, citing that the premise takes its time building up the charm and that the producer "has that part nailed". She also gave excellent reviews for Morrison's character: "Her Emma is predictably cynical and prickly – fairy-tale princess, my Aunt Fanny – but she's sharp and lively enough to keep audiences begging for 'just a few more pages' before they go to bed."[109]

text: Several feminist outlets were pleased with the show for its feminist twist on fairy tales. Avital Norman Nathman of Bitch stated that she liked the show for "infusing a feminist sensibility" into the stories.[110] Genie Leslie at Feministing commented that Emma was a "badass", that she liked how Emma was "very adamant that women be able to make their own decisions about their lives and their children", and how Emma was a "well-rounded" character who was "feminine, but not 'girly'".[111] Natalie Wilson from Ms. praised the show for a strong, "kick-butt" female lead, for including multiple strong women who take turns doing the saving with the men, for subverting the fetishization of true love, and for dealing with the idea of what makes a mother in a more nuanced fashion. Wilson went on to state of the lead: "Her pursuit of a 'happy ending' is not about finding a man or going to a ball all gussied up, but about detective work, about building a relationship with her son Henry, and about seeking the 'truth' as to why time stands still in the corrupt Storybrooke world."[112]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The first season premiered as the top-rated drama series. The pilot episode was watched by 13 million viewers and received a 4.0 rating/share among 18- to 49-year-olds.[113] It was the season's highest-rated drama debut among the age range and ABC's biggest debut in five years.[114][115] With DVR viewers, the premiere climbed to 15.5 million viewers and a 5.2 rating/share in adults 18–49.[116] The show's next three episodes had consistent ratings every week with over 11 million viewers.[117][118][119] The series has become the number one non-sports program in the U.S. with viewers and young adults on Sunday nights.[120]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sunday 8:00 pm
22
October 23, 2011 (2011-10-23)
12.93[121]
May 13, 2012 (2012-05-13)
9.66[122]
2011–12
28
11.71[123]
4.1/10[124]

2
22
September 30, 2012 (2012-09-30)
11.36[125]
May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12)
7.33[126]
2012–13
35
10.24[127]
3.6/9[128]

3
22
September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)
8.52[129]
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
6.80[130]
2013–14
35
9.38[131]
3.3/8[132]

4
22
September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)
9.47[133]
May 10, 2015 (2015-05-10)
5.51[134]
2014–15
50
8.98[135]
3.2/7[135]

5
23
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)
5.93[136]
May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)
4.07[137]
2015–16
69
6.32[26]
2.2[26]

6
22
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
3.99[138]
May 14, 2017 (2017-05-14)
2.95[139]
2016–17
105
4.39[140]
1.5/5[27]

7
Friday 8:00 pm
22[141]
October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06)
3.26[142]
TBA
TBD
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Once Upon a Time was nominated for a 2012 People's Choice Award for "Favorite New TV Drama", but lost to Person of Interest.[143] The show was nominated at the 39th People's Choice Awards in four categories: Favorite Network TV Drama, Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy Show, Favorite TV Fan Following, and Favorite TV Drama Actress (Ginnifer Goodwin); it lost to another ABC show Grey's Anatomy in the first category, Supernatural in the second two, and Ellen Pompeo (from Grey's Anatomy) in the last category. the show was nominated at 40th People's Choice Awards, but lost to Beauty and the Beast and The Vampire Diaries, respectively.

text: The show was also nominated for "Best Genre Series" at the 2011 Satellite Awards, but lost to American Horror Story.[144] The show was nominated in this category again at the 2012 Satellite Awards, but lost to The Walking Dead.[145]

text: The program also received three nominations at the 2012 Visual Effects Society Awards, but all lost to Boardwalk Empire, Gears of War 3, and Terra Nova.[146]

text: At the 38th Saturn Awards, the series received a nomination for Best Network Television Series and Parrilla was nominated for Best Supporting Actress on Television, but lost to Fringe and Michelle Forbes, respectively.[147]

text: The program was nominated for the former award again at the 39th Saturn Awards, but lost to new series Revolution.[148]

text: Jared S. Gilmore was nominated for Best Performance by an Younger Actor on Television at 40th Saturn Awards, but lost to Chandler Riggs for The Walking Dead

text: The show received trophies for "Favorite New TV Drama" and "Favorite Villain" for Lana Parrilla by the TV Guide.[149]

text: The show was nominated at the 2012 Teen Choice Awards, but lost to The Vampire Diaries, Pretty Little Liars and Awkward and the show was also nominated at 2013 Teen Choice Awards, but lost to The Vampire Diaries and Pretty Little Liars.

text: The show was nominated again 2014 Teen Choice Awards, but lost to The Vampire Diaries and Dylan O'Brien, respectively.

text: It was also nominated at the 64th Creative Arts Primetime Emmy Awards, but lost to Game of Thrones and The Walking Dead and the show was nominated again at 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, but lost to The Borgias and Game of Thrones.

text: Tie-in material[edit]

text: Novels[edit]

text: In 2013, Disney-owned Hyperion Books published Reawakened by Odette Beane, a novelization of storylines from the first season, expanded to include new perspectives. The narrative is from the points-of-view of Emma Swan in Storybrooke and Snow White in the Enchanted Forest. The novel was published on April 28, 2013, as an ebook and May 7, 2013, in paperback form.[150]

text: In 2015, production company Kingswell Teen published Red's Untold Tale, by Wendy Toliver, a novel telling a story of Red's past that was not seen in the show. The novel was published on September 22, 2015 and consisted of 416 pages.

text: In 2017, Kingswell Teen published a second novel, Regina Rising, also written by Wendy Toliver, which depicts the life of a sixteen year old Regina. The novel was published on April 25, 2017.

text: Comic books[edit]

text: A comic book, titled Once Upon a Time: Shadow of the Queen, was released on September 4, 2013, in both digital and hardcover forms. The story was written by Dan Thomsen and Corinna Bechko, with art by Nimit Malavia, Vasilis Lolos, Mike Del Mundo, Stephanie Hans and Mike Henderson. Shadow of the Queen details what happens after the Evil Queen takes the Huntsman's heart. She forces the Huntsman to commit evil, and try to capture Snow White yet again. The Huntsman faces his past, and also meets Red Riding Hood, who is trying to cope with her beastly alter ego. Together, they team up and try to save Snow White before all is too late.[151]

text: On April 14, 2014, a sequel to the first comic book called Once Upon a Time: Out of the Past was released.[152]

text: Spin-off[edit]

text: In February 2013, Kitsis & Horowitz, along with producers Zack Estrin and Jane Espenson, developed a spin-off focusing on Lewis Carroll's Wonderland.[153] The series was called Once Upon a Time in Wonderland. A "teaser presentation" began shooting in April 2013, and the pilot was shot in late July or August.[154] On May 10, 2013, ABC announced that it had approved the spin-off and on May 14, 2013, announced that the spin-off would air in the Thursday night 8:00pm time slot instead of making it a fill-in for the parent series.[155] The series premiered on October 10, 2013, but was cancelled[156] after a single-season thirteen-episode run that ended on April 3, 2014.[157]


document_title: Price elasticity of demand

question_text: who gave the concept of elasticity of demand

root

text: Price elasticity of demand

text: Definition[edit]

text: The variation in demand in response to a variation in price is called the price elasticity of demand. It may also be defined as the ratio of the percentage change in demand to the percentage change in price of particular commodity.[1] The formula for the coefficient of price elasticity of demand for a good is:[2][3][4]

tag: p

text: The above formula usually yields a negative value, due to the inverse nature of the relationship between price and quantity demanded, as described by the "law of demand".[3] For example, if the price increases by 5% and quantity demanded decreases by 5%, then the elasticity at the initial price and quantity = −5%/5% = −1. The only classes of goods which have a PED of greater than 0 are Veblen and Giffen goods.[5] Although the PED is negative for the vast majority of goods and services, economists often refer to price elasticity of demand as a positive value (i.e., in absolute value terms).[4]

text: This measure of elasticity is sometimes referred to as the own-price elasticity of demand for a good, i.e., the elasticity of demand with respect to the good's own price, in order to distinguish it from the elasticity of demand for that good with respect to the change in the price of some other good, i.e., a complementary or substitute good.[1] The latter type of elasticity measure is called a cross-price elasticity of demand.[6][7]

text: As the difference between the two prices or quantities increases, the accuracy of the PED given by the formula above decreases for a combination of two reasons. First, the PED for a good is not necessarily constant; as explained below, PED can vary at different points along the demand curve, due to its percentage nature.[8][9] Elasticity is not the same thing as the slope of the demand curve, which is dependent on the units used for both price and quantity.[10][11] Second, percentage changes are not symmetric; instead, the percentage change between any two values depends on which one is chosen as the starting value and which as the ending value. For example, if quantity demanded increases from 10 units to 15 units, the percentage change is 50%, i.e., (15 − 10) ÷ 10 (converted to a percentage). But if quantity demanded decreases from 15 units to 10 units, the percentage change is −33.3%, i.e., (10 − 15) ÷ 15.[12][13]

text: Two alternative elasticity measures avoid or minimise these shortcomings of the basic elasticity formula: point-price elasticity and arc elasticity.

text: Point-price elasticity of demand[edit]

text: The point elasticity of demand method is used to determine change in demand within the same demand curve, basically a very small amount of change in demand is measured through point elasticity. One way to avoid the accuracy problem described above is to minimize the difference between the starting and ending prices and quantities. This is the approach taken in the definition of point-price elasticity, which uses differential calculus to calculate the elasticity for an infinitesimal change in price and quantity at any given point on the demand curve:[14]

text:
In other words, it is equal to the absolute value of the first derivative of quantity with respect to price (dQd/dP) multiplied by the point's price (P) divided by its quantity (Qd).[15] However, the point-price elasticity can be computed only if the formula for the demand function,

Q

d

=
f
(
P
)

{\displaystyle Q_{d}=f(P)}

, is known so its derivative with respect to price,

d

Q

d

/

d
P

{\displaystyle {dQ_{d}/dP}}

, can be determined.

text:
In terms of partial-differential calculus, point-price elasticity of demand can be defined as follows:[16] let

x
(
p
,
w
)

{\displaystyle \displaystyle x(p,w)}

 be the demand of goods

x

1

,

x

2

,
…
,

x

L

{\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\dots ,x_{L}}

 as a function of parameters price and wealth, and let

x

l

(
p
,
w
)

{\displaystyle \displaystyle x_{l}(p,w)}

 be the demand for good

l

{\displaystyle \displaystyle l}

. The elasticity of demand for good

x

l

(
p
,
w
)

{\displaystyle \displaystyle x_{l}(p,w)}

 with respect to price

p

k

{\displaystyle p_{k}}

 is

text: Arc elasticity[edit]

text: A second solution to the asymmetry problem of having a PED dependent on which of the two given points on a demand curve is chosen as the "original" point will and which as the "new" one is to compute the percentage change in P and Q relative to the average of the two prices and the average of the two quantities, rather than just the change relative to one point or the other. Loosely speaking, this gives an "average" elasticity for the section of the actual demand curve—i.e., the arc of the curve—between the two points. As a result, this measure is known as the arc elasticity, in this case with respect to the price of the good. The arc elasticity is defined mathematically as:[13][17][18]

text: This method for computing the price elasticity is also known as the "midpoints formula", because the average price and average quantity are the coordinates of the midpoint of the straight line between the two given points.[12][18] This formula is an application of the midpoint method. However, because this formula implicitly assumes the section of the demand curve between those points is linear, the greater the curvature of the actual demand curve is over that range, the worse this approximation of its elasticity will be.[17][19]

text: History[edit]

text: Together with the concept of an economic "elasticity" coefficient, Alfred Marshall is credited with defining PED ("elasticity of demand") in his book Principles of Economics, published in 1890.[20] He described it thus: "And we may say generally:— the elasticity (or responsiveness) of demand in a market is great or small according as the amount demanded increases much or little for a given fall in price, and diminishes much or little for a given rise in price".[21] He reasons this since "the only universal law as to a person's desire for a commodity is that it diminishes... but this diminution may be slow or rapid. If it is slow... a small fall in price will cause a comparatively large increase in his purchases. But if it is rapid, a small fall in price will cause only a very small increase in his purchases. In the former case... the elasticity of his wants, we may say, is great. In the latter case... the elasticity of his demand is small."[22] Mathematically, the Marshallian PED was based on a point-price definition, using differential calculus to calculate elasticities.[23]

text: Determinants[edit]

text: The overriding factor in determining PED is the willingness and ability of consumers after a price change to postpone immediate consumption decisions concerning the good and to search for substitutes ("wait and look").[24] A number of factors can thus affect the elasticity of demand for a good:[25]

text: Relation to marginal revenue[edit]

text: The following equation holds:

text:
R
′

=
P

(
1
+

1

E

d

)

{\displaystyle R'=P\,\left(1+{\dfrac {1}{E_{d}}}\right)}

text:
where
R' is the marginal revenue
P is the price
Proof:
TR = Total Revenue
90

R
′

=

∂
T
R

∂
Q

=

∂

∂
Q

(
P

Q
)
=
P
+
Q

∂
P

∂
Q

{\displaystyle R'={\dfrac {\partial TR}{\partial Q}}={\dfrac {\partial }{\partial Q}}(P\,Q)=P+Q\,{\dfrac {\partial P}{\partial Q}}}

E

d

=

∂
Q

∂
P

⋅

P
Q

⇒

E

d

⋅

Q
P

=

∂
Q

∂
P

⇒

P

E

d

⋅
Q

=

∂
P

∂
Q

{\displaystyle E_{d}={\dfrac {\partial Q}{\partial P}}\cdot {\dfrac {P}{Q}}\Rightarrow E_{d}\cdot {\dfrac {Q}{P}}={\dfrac {\partial Q}{\partial P}}\Rightarrow {\dfrac {P}{E_{d}\cdot Q}}={\dfrac {\partial P}{\partial Q}}}

R
′

=
P
+
Q
⋅

P

E

d

⋅
Q

=
P

(
1
+

1

E

d

)

{\displaystyle R'=P+Q\cdot {\dfrac {P}{E_{d}\cdot Q}}=P\,\left(1+{\dfrac {1}{E_{d}}}\right)}

text: On a graph with both a demand curve and a marginal revenue curve, demand will be elastic at all quantities where marginal revenue is positive. Demand is unit elastic at the quantity where marginal revenue is zero. Demand is inelastic at every quantity where marginal revenue is negative.[32]

text: Effect on total revenue[edit]

text: A firm considering a price change must know what effect the change in price will have on total revenue. Revenue is simply the product of unit price times quantity:

text: Generally any change in price will have two effects:[33]

text: For inelastic goods, because of the inverse nature of the relationship between price and quantity demanded (i.e., the law of demand), the two effects affect total revenue in opposite directions. But in determining whether to increase or decrease prices, a firm needs to know what the net effect will be. Elasticity provides the answer: The percentage change in total revenue is approximately equal to the percentage change in quantity demanded plus the percentage change in price. (One change will be positive, the other negative.)[34] The percentage change in quantity is related to the percentage change in price by elasticity: hence the percentage change in revenue can be calculated by knowing the elasticity and the percentage change in price alone.

text: As a result, the relationship between PED and total revenue can be described for any good:[35][36]

text:
When the price elasticity of demand for a good is perfectly inelastic (Ed = 0), changes in the price do not affect the quantity demanded for the good; raising prices will always cause total revenue to increase. Goods necessary to survival can be classified here; a rational person will be willing to pay anything for a good if the alternative is death. For example, a person in the desert weak and dying of thirst would easily give all the money in his wallet, no matter how much, for a bottle of water if he would otherwise die. His demand is not contingent on the price.
When the price elasticity of demand for a good is relatively inelastic (-1 < Ed < 0), the percentage change in quantity demanded is smaller than that in price. Hence, when the price is raised, the total revenue increases, and vice versa.
When the price elasticity of demand for a good is unit (or unitary) elastic (Ed = -1), the percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to that in price, so a change in price will not affect total revenue.
When the price elasticity of demand for a good is relatively elastic ( -∞ < Ed < -1), the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than that in price. Hence, when the price is raised, the total revenue falls, and vice versa.
When the price elasticity of demand for a good is perfectly elastic (Ed is − ∞), any increase in the price, no matter how small, will cause the quantity demanded for the good to drop to zero. Hence, when the price is raised, the total revenue falls to zero. This situation is typical for goods that have their value defined by law (such as fiat currency); if a 5 dollar bill were sold for anything more than 5 dollars, nobody would buy it, so demand is zero.

tag: ul

text: Hence, as the accompanying diagram shows, total revenue is maximized at the combination of price and quantity demanded where the elasticity of demand is unitary.[36]

text: It is important to realize that price-elasticity of demand is not necessarily constant over all price ranges. The linear demand curve in the accompanying diagram illustrates that changes in price also change the elasticity: the price elasticity is different at every point on the curve.

text: Effect on tax incidence[edit]

text: PEDs, in combination with price elasticity of supply (PES), can be used to assess where the incidence (or "burden") of a per-unit tax is falling or to predict where it will fall if the tax is imposed. For example, when demand is perfectly inelastic, by definition consumers have no alternative to purchasing the good or service if the price increases, so the quantity demanded would remain constant. Hence, suppliers can increase the price by the full amount of the tax, and the consumer would end up paying the entirety. In the opposite case, when demand is perfectly elastic, by definition consumers have an infinite ability to switch to alternatives if the price increases, so they would stop buying the good or service in question completely—quantity demanded would fall to zero. As a result, firms cannot pass on any part of the tax by raising prices, so they would be forced to pay all of it themselves.[37]

text: In practice, demand is likely to be only relatively elastic or relatively inelastic, that is, somewhere between the extreme cases of perfect elasticity or inelasticity. More generally, then, the higher the elasticity of demand compared to PES, the heavier the burden on producers; conversely, the more inelastic the demand compared to PES, the heavier the burden on consumers. The general principle is that the party (i.e., consumers or producers) that has fewer opportunities to avoid the tax by switching to alternatives will bear the greater proportion of the tax burden.[37] In the end the whole tax burden is carried by individual households since they are the ultimate owners of the means of production that the firm utilises (see Circular flow of income).

text: PED and PES can also have an effect on the deadweight loss associated with a tax regime. When PED, PES or both are inelastic, the deadweight loss is lower than a comparable scenario with higher elasticity.

text: Optimal pricing[edit]

text: Among the most common applications of price elasticity is to determine prices that maximize revenue or profit.

text: Constant elasticity and optimal pricing[edit]

text: If one point elasticity is used to model demand changes over a finite range of prices, elasticity is implicitly assumed constant with respect to price over the finite price range. The equation defining price elasticity for one product can be rewritten (omitting secondary variables) as a linear equation.

text: where

text:
Similarly, the equations for cross elasticity for

n

{\displaystyle n}

 products can be written as a set of

n

{\displaystyle n}

 simultaneous linear equations.

text: where

text:
This form of the equations shows that point elasticities assumed constant over a price range cannot determine what prices generate maximum values of

ln

(
Q
)

{\displaystyle \ln(Q)}

; similarly they cannot predict prices that generate maximum

Q

{\displaystyle Q}

 or maximum revenue.

text: Constant elasticities can predict optimal pricing only by computing point elasticities at several points, to determine the price at which point elasticity equals -1 (or, for multiple products, the set of prices at which the point elasticity matrix is the negative identity matrix).

text: Non-constant elasticity and optimal pricing[edit]

text:
If the definition of price elasticity is extended to yield a quadratic relationship between demand units (

Q

{\displaystyle Q}

) and price, then it is possible to compute prices that maximize

ln

(
Q
)

{\displaystyle \ln(Q)}

,

Q

{\displaystyle Q}

, and revenue. The fundamental equation for one product becomes

text: and the corresponding equation for several products becomes

text: Excel models are available that compute constant elasticity, and use non-constant elasticity to estimate prices that optimize revenue or profit for one product[38] or several products.[39]

text: Limitations of revenue-maximizing and profit-maximizing pricing strategies[edit]

text: In most situations, revenue-maximizing prices are not profit-maximizing prices. For example, if variable costs per unit are nonzero (which they almost always are), then a more complex computation of a similar kind yields prices that generate optimal profits.

text: In some situations, profit-maximizing prices are not an optimal strategy. For example, where scale economies are large (as they often are), capturing market share may be the key to long-term dominance of a market, so maximizing revenue or profit may not be the optimal strategy.

text: Selected price elasticities[edit]

text: Various research methods are used to calculate price elasticities in real life, including analysis of historic sales data, both public and private, and use of present-day surveys of customers' preferences to build up test markets capable of modelling such changes. Alternatively, conjoint analysis (a ranking of users' preferences which can then be statistically analysed) may be used.[40] Approximate estimates of price elasticity can be calculated from the income elasticity of demand, under conditions of preference independence. This approach has been emprirically validated using bundles of goods (e.g. food, healthcare, education, recreation, etc.).[41]

text: Though PEDs for most demand schedules vary depending on price, they can be modeled assuming constant elasticity.[42] Using this method, the PEDs for various goods—intended to act as examples of the theory described above—are as follows. For suggestions on why these goods and services may have the PED shown, see the above section on determinants of price elasticity.

text:
Cigarettes (US)[43]

−0.3 to −0.6 (General)
−0.6 to −0.7 (Youth)

Alcoholic beverages (US)[44]

−0.3 or −0.7 to −0.9 as of 1972 (Beer)
−1.0 (Wine)
−1.5 (Spirits)

Airline travel (US)[45]

−0.3 (First Class)
−0.9 (Discount)
−1.5 (for Pleasure Travelers)

Livestock

−0.5 to −0.6 (Broiler Chickens)[46]

Oil (World)

−0.4

Car fuel[47]

−0.09 (Short run)
−0.31 (Long run)

Medicine (US)

−0.31 (Medical insurance)[48]
−0.03 to −0.06 (Pediatric Visits)[49]

Patents

−0.30 to −0.50[50]

Rice[51]

−0.47 (Austria)
−0.80 (Bangladesh)
−0.80 (China)
−0.25 (Japan)
−0.55 (US)

Cinema visits (US)

−0.87 (General)[48]

Live Performing Arts (Theater, etc.)

−0.4 to −0.9[52]

Transport

−0.20 (Bus travel US)[48]
−2.80 (Ford compact automobile)[53]

Cannabis (US)[54]

−0.655

Soft drinks

−0.8 to −1.0 (general)[55]
−3.8 (Coca-Cola)[56]
−4.4 (Mountain Dew)[56]

Steel

−0.2 to −0.3[57]

Telecommunications

−0.405 (Mobile)[58]
−0.434 (Broadband)[59]

Eggs

−0.1 (US: Household only)[60]
−0.35 (Canada)[61]
−0.55 (South Africa)[62]

Golf

−0.3 to −0.7[57]

tag: table


document_title: Destin, Florida

question_text: where does the sand in destin come from

question_tokens: where does the sand in destin come from

text: Destin, Florida

text: History[edit]

text: Agriculture was eventually introduced, and there are still signs of this early inhabitation in the area. Members of the Fort Walton Culture built a ceremonial mound in Fort Walton Beach.

text: Destin is named after Leonard Destin, a New London, Connecticut fishing captain who settled in the area between 1845 and 1850.[8][9][10] He built a New England colonial home at the location of the Moreno Point military reservation.[11] Captain Destin and his descendants fished the area for decades.[7]

text: Condominiums were first built in Destin during the 1970s,[12] although Destin was not incorporated as a municipality until 1984.[8][10] The city has experienced rapid growth since the 1980s.[5]

text: Geography[edit]

text: The city is located on a peninsula[5] separating the Gulf of Mexico from Choctawhatchee Bay. The peninsula was originally an island; hurricanes and sea level changes gradually connected the island to the mainland.[5]

text: Destin is near several other cities in the region. The city of Fort Walton Beach is located to the west at the inlet of Santa Rosa Sound into Choctawhatchee Bay. North of Destin, across the bay is Niceville, with the Mid-Bay Bridge linking the two by road. Panama City (to the east) and Pensacola (to the west) are each about 50 miles (80 km) away.

text: At the western tip of the peninsula is East Pass (also known as Destin Pass), separating it from Santa Rosa Island to the west. East Pass is the only outlet of Choctawhatchee Bay into the Gulf of Mexico,[12] Many sources claim that the current pass was dug by hand[5][9] with an inrush of water widening it within hours. The early pass appears (at the East end of Destin Harbor) in early maps and surveys from Spanish, French, and English surveyors,[13] such as Thomas Jefferys's 1775 map The Coast of West Florida and Louisiana.[14] Frequent dredging is required to keep East Pass navigable.[9][12]

text: "Crab Island," was actually two islands made from sand that the Army Corps of Engineers dredged up from the East Pass.  These islands were large enough to inhabit sea grass, small shrubs and nesting seabirds.  It has been reduced to a significant sandbar, which appears only when the tide is out.  It has become a popular anchorage[15] in the area. The entrance to Destin Harbor, a lagoon between the beaches and the main body of the western portion of the peninsula, is located just north of the East Pass jetty. The lagoon is formed by a sand spit named Holiday Isle; many condominiums have been built along the harbor since the 1970s.[12]

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.2 square miles (21 km2), of which 7.5 square miles (19 km2) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) (7.95%) is water. Destin is located at 30°23′36″N 86°28′31″W / 30.393407°N 86.475276°W / 30.393407; -86.475276.[16]

text: Climate[edit]

text:
hideClimate data for Destin (1981-2010)

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Average high °F (°C)

61 (16)

63 (17)

68 (20)

74 (23)

82 (28)

87 (31)

89 (32)

89 (32)

86 (30)

79 (26)

70 (21)

62 (17)

75.8 (24.3)

Average low °F (°C)

45 (7)

47 (8)

53 (12)

60 (16)

68 (20)

75 (24)

77 (25)

76 (24)

72 (22)

63 (17)

54 (12)

47 (8)

61.4 (16.3)

Average precipitation inches (mm)

5.08 (129)

5.28 (134.1)

6.06 (153.9)

4.25 (108)

3.31 (84.1)

5.51 (140)

7.95 (201.9)

6.73 (170.9)

5.16 (131.1)

3.82 (97)

4.61 (117.1)

4.61 (117.1)

62.37 (1,584.2)

Source: US Climate Data[17]

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±
19908,080—200011,11937.6%201012,30510.7%Est. 201613,654[2]11.0%U.S. Decennial Census[18]

text: As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 11,455 people, 4,437 households, and 3,135 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,477.1 inhabitants per square mile (570.1/km²). There were 10,599 housing units at an average density of 1,408.0 per square mile (543.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.21% White, 0.37% African American, 0.40% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.66% of the population.

text: 24.8% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.72.

text: The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.

text: The median income for a household in the city was $53,042, and the median income for a family was $60,498. Males had a median income of $42,218 versus $26,146 for females. The per capita income for the city was $32,048. About 3.0% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over.

text: Arts and culture[edit]

text: Tourism[edit]

text: The white beaches and emerald waters of the Destin area draw many tourists. Florida's Department of Environmental Protection estimates that more than 80 percent of the Emerald Coast's 4.5 million yearly visitors travel to the region to visit Destin.[5] Visitors can charter fishing vessels from the harbor,[19] and there are 12 beach access points in the city.[20] Among the access points is Henderson Beach State Recreation Area. A portion of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, the Okaloosa Day Use Area, is just across East Pass on Santa Rosa Island.

text: The sand on Destin's beaches is some of the whitest in the world.[21] The sand comes from the Appalachian Mountains, and is made of finely ground quartz crystal giving the appearance of sugar.[22] Residue flows down the Apalachicola River and is deposited into the Gulf of Mexico.[22] Because of the currents the sand drifts west along the Gulf Coast and settles from east of Panama City to the Alabama coast.[23]

text: Several events also take place throughout the year as well. For the month of October, the annual Destin Fishing Rodeo draws anglers to Destin each year since 1948.[24] Also in the month of October is the Destin Seafood Festival, where fresh seafood and local artists gather for one weekend every October.[25][26]

text: In addition to an assortment of hotels and motels, many high-rise condominiums are located in Destin. The first condominiums in Destin were built in the 1970s,[12] and construction continues today.[5] Visitors play a large part in Destin's economy – the city's population of around 12,000 balloons to 40,000 during the tourist season.[5]

text: Destin's surroundings include other popular tourist destinations. Sandestin, Florida, located to the east in Walton County, is a popular golf and beach resort. Further east along the coast are the master-planned community of Seaside, filming location of the 1998 movie The Truman Show;[27] Grayton Beach, Florida; and Rosemary Beach, Florida. To the west are Navarre Beach and Pensacola Beach, and the Civil War fortification Fort Pickens is located at the western end of Santa Rosa Island. Many celebrities own homes in the area.[28]

text: Notable people[edit]

text:
Sheryl Crow - Singer, songwriter[citation needed]
John Grisham - Bestselling author[citation needed]
Dave Hope - Bassist of the band Kansas[citation needed]
Mike Huckabee - Former Arkansas Governor, Fox News celebrity and 2008 and 2016 Presidential candidate[citation needed]
Jerry Jones - Owner of the Dallas Cowboys[citation needed]
Emeril Lagasse - Celebrity chef.[citation needed]
Joe A. Rector - Artist[29]
Wayne Rogers - Actor who played Trapper John on M*A*S*H, Fox News financial pundit[citation needed]
Karl Rove - Former White House Deputy Chief of Staff, political consultant and Fox News contributor[citation needed]
Ernest Shahid - Commercial real estate developer[citation needed]
Britney Spears - Pop singer[citation needed]
Danny Wuerffel - Former Florida Gators and NFL quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner[citation needed]
Woody Widenhofer - Former college football head coach and longtime NFL assistant[citation needed]


document_title: List of U.S. states and territories by population

question_text: what state has a population of 11 million

text: Methodology[edit]

text: The United States Census counts total persons residing in the United States including citizens, non-citizen permanent residents, and non-citizen long-term visitors.[1]  Civilian and military federal employees serving abroad and their dependents are counted in their home state.[2]

text: Electoral apportionment[edit]

text: Based on data from the decennial census, each state is allocated a proportion of the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives, although each state is guaranteed a minimum of one seat, regardless of population. This apportionment is based on the proportion of each state's population to that of the fifty states together (without regard to the populations of the District of Columbia, AS, GU, MP, PR, or VI). The Electoral College is the body that, every four years, elects the President and Vice President of the United States. Each state's representation in the Electoral College is equal to that state's total number of members in both houses of the United States Congress. The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution effectively grants the District of Columbia, which is separate from any state, three votes. More precisely, the district gets as many votes in the Electoral College as it would have if it were a state, with the caveat that the district can have no more votes than the least populous state (which is currently Wyoming). Currently, this caveat is a moot point since the District of Columbia would only be entitled to one representative if it were a state, and is more populous than only two of the seven states with a single member in the House since 2013. Since the Constitution guarantees every state at least one U.S. Representative and two U.S. Senators, it effectively guarantees every state (and, since the ratification of the 23rd Amendment, the District of Columbia) at least three electoral votes. Thus, the total representation in the Electoral College is 538 members (equal to 100 senators plus 435 representatives, plus 3 members for the District of Columbia).[3]

text: State rankings[edit]

text:
Rank in the fifty states, 2017

Rank in all states and territories, 2010

State or territory

Population estimate, July 1, 2017[4]

Census population, April 1, 2010

Total seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, 2013–2023

Est. Population per Congressional seat, 2017[note 1]

Estimated population per House seat, 2017

Census population per House seat, 2010

Percent of the total U.S. population, 2017[note 2]

7000100000000000000♠1

7000100000000000000♠1

 California

39,536,653

37,252,895

7001530000000000000♠53

718,848

745,974

702,885

12.14%

7000200000000000000♠2

7000200000000000000♠2

 Texas

28,304,596

25,146,105

7001360000000000000♠36

744,858

786,238

698,503

8.69%

7000300000000000000♠3

7000400000000000000♠4

 Florida

20,984,400

18,804,623

7001270000000000000♠27

734,904

777,200

696,468

6.44%

7000400000000000000♠4

7000300000000000000♠3

 New York

19,849,399

19,378,087

7001270000000000000♠27

684,462

735,163

717,707

6.09%

7000500000000000000♠5

7000600000000000000♠6

 Pennsylvania

12,805,537

12,702,887

7001180000000000000♠18

640,277

711,419

705,715

3.93%

7000600000000000000♠6

7000500000000000000♠5

 Illinois

12,802,023

12,831,549

7001180000000000000♠18

640,101

711,224

712,864

3.93%

7000700000000000000♠7

7000700000000000000♠7

 Ohio

11,658,609

11,536,725

7001160000000000000♠16

647,701

728,663

721,032

3.58%

7000800000000000000♠8

7000900000000000000♠9

 Georgia

10,429,379

9,688,681

7001140000000000000♠14

651,836

744,956

691,975

3.20%

7000900000000000000♠9

7001100000000000000♠10

 North Carolina

10,273,419

9,535,692

7001130000000000000♠13

684,895

790,263

733,498

3.15%

7001100000000000000♠10

7000800000000000000♠8

 Michigan

9,962,311

9,884,129

7001140000000000000♠14

622,644

711,594

705,974

3.06%

7001110000000000000♠11

7001110000000000000♠11

 New Jersey

9,005,644

8,791,936

7001120000000000000♠12

643,260

750,470

732,658

2.76%

7001120000000000000♠12

7001120000000000000♠12

 Virginia

8,470,020

8,001,045

7001110000000000000♠11

651,540

770,002

727,366

2.60%

7001130000000000000♠13

7001130000000000000♠13

 Washington

7,405,743

6,724,543

7001100000000000000♠10

617,145

740,574

672,454

2.27%

7001140000000000000♠14

7001160000000000000♠16

 Arizona

7,016,270

6,392,307

7000900000000000000♠9

637,843

779,586

710,224

2.15%

7001150000000000000♠15

7001140000000000000♠14

 Massachusetts

6,859,819

6,547,817

7000900000000000000♠9

623,620

762,202

727,514

2.11%

7001160000000000000♠16

7001170000000000000♠17

 Tennessee

6,715,984

6,346,275

7000900000000000000♠9

610,544

746,220

705,123

2.06%

7001170000000000000♠17

7001150000000000000♠15

 Indiana

6,666,818

6,484,229

7000900000000000000♠9

606,074

740,758

720,422

2.05%

7001180000000000000♠18

7001180000000000000♠18

 Missouri

6,113,532

5,988,927

7000800000000000000♠8

611,353

764,192

748,615

1.88%

7001190000000000000♠19

7001190000000000000♠19

 Maryland

6,052,177

5,773,785

7000800000000000000♠8

605,218

756,522

721,694

1.86%

7001200000000000000♠20

7001200000000000000♠20

 Wisconsin

5,795,483

5,687,289

7000800000000000000♠8

579,548

724,435

710,873

1.78%

7001210000000000000♠21

7001220000000000000♠22

 Colorado

5,607,154

5,029,324

7000700000000000000♠7

623,017

801,022

720,704

1.72%

7001220000000000000♠22

7001210000000000000♠21

 Minnesota

5,576,606

5,303,925

7000800000000000000♠8

557,661

697,076

662,991

1.71%

7001230000000000000♠23

7001240000000000000♠24

 South Carolina

5,024,369

4,625,401

7000700000000000000♠7

558,263

717,767

660,766

1.54%

7001240000000000000♠24

7001230000000000000♠23

 Alabama

4,874,747

4,780,127

7000700000000000000♠7

541,639

696,392

682,819

1.50%

7001250000000000000♠25

7001250000000000000♠25

 Louisiana

4,684,333

4,533,479

7000600000000000000♠6

585,542

780,722

755,562

1.44%

7001260000000000000♠26

7001260000000000000♠26

 Kentucky

4,454,189

4,339,349

7000600000000000000♠6

556,774

742,365

723,228

1.37%

7001270000000000000♠27

7001270000000000000♠27

 Oregon

4,142,776

3,831,073

7000500000000000000♠5

591,825

828,555

766,215

1.27%

7001280000000000000♠28

7001280000000000000♠28

 Oklahoma

3,930,864

3,751,616

7000500000000000000♠5

561,552

786,173

750,270

1.21%

7001290000000000000♠29

7001300000000000000♠30

 Connecticut

3,588,184

3,574,118

7000500000000000000♠5

512,598

717,637

714,824

1.10%

 —

7001290000000000000♠29

 Puerto Rico

3,337,177

3,726,157

1 (non-voting)

—

—

—

1.01%

7001300000000000000♠30

7001310000000000000♠31

 Iowa

3,145,711

3,046,869

7000400000000000000♠4

524,285

786,428

761,717

0.97%

7001310000000000000♠31

7001350000000000000♠35

 Utah

3,101,833

2,763,888

7000400000000000000♠4

516,972

775,458

690,972

0.95%

7001320000000000000♠32

7001330000000000000♠33

 Arkansas

3,004,279

2,915,958

7000400000000000000♠4

500,713

751,070

728,990

0.92%

7001330000000000000♠33

7001360000000000000♠36

 Nevada

2,998,039

2,700,691

7000400000000000000♠4

499,673

749,510

675,173

0.92%

7001340000000000000♠34

7001320000000000000♠32

 Mississippi

2,984,100

2,968,103

7000400000000000000♠4

497,350

746,025

742,026

0.92%

7001350000000000000♠35

7001340000000000000♠34

 Kansas

2,913,123

2,853,132

7000400000000000000♠4

485,521

728,281

713,280

0.89%

7001360000000000000♠36

7001370000000000000♠37

 New Mexico

2,088,070

2,059,192

7000300000000000000♠3

417,614

696,023

686,393

0.64%

7001370000000000000♠37

7001390000000000000♠39

 Nebraska

1,920,076

1,826,341

7000300000000000000♠3

384,015

640,025

608,780

0.59%

7001380000000000000♠38

7001380000000000000♠38

 West Virginia

1,815,857

1,853,011

7000300000000000000♠3

363,171

605,285

617,670

0.56%

7001390000000000000♠39

7001400000000000000♠40

 Idaho

1,716,943

1,567,652

7000200000000000000♠2

429,236

858,472

783,826

0.53%

7001400000000000000♠40

7001410000000000000♠41

 Hawaii

1,427,538

1,360,301

7000200000000000000♠2

356,885

713,769

680,151

0.44%

7001410000000000000♠41

7001430000000000000♠43

 New Hampshire

1,342,795

1,316,466

7000200000000000000♠2

335,699

671,398

658,233

0.41%

7001420000000000000♠42

7001420000000000000♠42

 Maine

1,335,907

1,328,361

7000200000000000000♠2

333,977

667,954

664,181

0.41%

7001430000000000000♠43

7001440000000000000♠44

 Rhode Island

1,059,639

1,052,931

7000200000000000000♠2

264,910

529,820

526,466

0.33%

7001440000000000000♠44

7001450000000000000♠45

 Montana

1,050,493

989,417

7000100000000000000♠1

350,164

1,050,493

989,417

0.32%

7001450000000000000♠45

7001460000000000000♠46

 Delaware

961,939

897,936

7000100000000000000♠1

320,646

961,939

897,936

0.30%

7001460000000000000♠46

7001470000000000000♠47

 South Dakota

869,666

814,191

7000100000000000000♠1

289,889

869,666

814,191

0.27%

7001470000000000000♠47

7001490000000000000♠49

  North Dakota

755,393

672,591

7000100000000000000♠1

251,798

755,393

672,591

0.23%

7001480000000000000♠48

7001480000000000000♠48

 Alaska

739,795

710,249

7000100000000000000♠1

246,598

739,795

710,249

0.23%

—

7001510000000000000♠51

 District of Columbia

693,972

601,767

1 (non-voting)

—

—

—

0.21%

7001490000000000000♠49

7001500000000000000♠50

 Vermont

623,657

625,745

7000100000000000000♠1

207,886

623,657

625,745

0.19%

7001500000000000000♠50

7001520000000000000♠52

 Wyoming

579,315

563,767

7000100000000000000♠1

193,105

579,315

563,767

0.18%

—

7001530000000000000♠53

 Guam

165,718[5]

159,358[6]

1 (non-voting)

—

—

0.06%

—

7001540000000000000♠54

 U.S. Virgin Islands

104,914[7]

106,405[8]

1 (non-voting)

—

—

0.04%

—

7001550000000000000♠55

 American Samoa

55,641[9]

55,519[10]

1 (non-voting)

—

—

0.01%

—

7001560000000000000♠56

 Northern Mariana Islands

55,194[11]

53,883[12]

1 (non-voting)

—

—

0.00%

—

7001570000000000000♠57

 Wake Island

100

188

0

—

—

0.00%

—

7001580000000000000♠58

 Palmyra Atoll

20

20

0

—

—

0.00%

—

7001590000000000000♠59

 Midway Atoll

40

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

 Johnston Atoll

0

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

 Baker Island

0

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

 Howland Island

0

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

 Jarvis Island

0

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

 Kingman Reef

0

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

Navassa Island

0

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

Serranilla Bank

0

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

Bajo Nuevo Bank

0

0

0

—

—

0.00%

—

—

Contiguous United States

323,551,845

306,687,555

432 (+ 1 non-voting)

—

—

98.18%

—

—

The fifty states

325,025,206

308,156,338

435

737,348

708,376

98.48%

—

—

Fifty states + D.C.

325,719,178

308,758,105

435 (+ 1 non-voting)

—

—

98.67%

—

—

Total U.S. (including D.C. and territories)

329,431,520

312,913,872

435 (+ 6 non-voting)

—

—

100.00%

text:
Jump up ^ Higher values indicate relative diluted voter representation; lower values indicate stronger voter representation and influence. This measure is more common and consequential when considering "1 person, 1 vote" metrics than the much less common 'pop. per House seat' measures in this table.

Jump up ^ Because of rounding of the individual percentages, the entries in this column may not sum to 100%.

tag: ol

text: Summary of population by region[edit]

text:
Legend

Division totals – 9 divisions for 50 states and D.C.

Region totals – 4 regions ( 2 or 3 divisions each)

Individual territories

Total U.S. Territories

50 States + District of Columbia

Divisions & regions as defined by U.S. Census Bureau

Last col. shows larger region which contains entity in col. 1

text:
Population of states, territories, divisions and regions

State/Territory/Division/Region

Rank

2017population

Rank

2010population

Rank

2000population

Rank

2000-2010change

Geographic sort

 Massachusetts

15

6,859,819

14

6,547,629

13

6,349,097

43

3.1%

NEng

 Connecticut

29

3,588,184

29

3,574,097

29

3,405,565

35

4.9%

NEng

 Maine

42

1,335,907

41

1,328,361

40

1,274,923

39

4.2%

NEng

 New Hampshire

41

1,342,795

42

1,316,470

41

1,235,786

32

6.5%

NEng

 Rhode Island

43

1,059,639

43

1,052,567

43

1,048,319

49

0.4%

NEng

 Vermont

49

623,657

49

625,741

49

608,827

44

2.8%

NEng

       New England

9

14,810,001

9

14,444,865

9

13,922,517

7

3.8%

NEast

 New York

3

19,849,399

3

19,378,102

3

18,976,457

46

2.1%

MAtl

 Pennsylvania

5

12,805,537

6

12,702,379

6

12,281,054

41

3.4%

MAtl

 New Jersey

11

9,005,644

11

8,791,894

9

8,414,350

37

4.5%

MAtl

       Mid-Atlantic

4

41,660,580

4

40,872,375

4

39,671,861

8

3.0%

NEast

       Northeast

4

56,470,581

4

55,317,240

4

53,594,378

4

3.2%

USA

 Florida

4

19,552,860

4

18,801,310

4

15,982,378

8

17.6%

SAtl

 Georgia

8

9,992,167

9

9,687,653

10

8,186,453

7

18.3%

SAtl

 North Carolina

10

9,848,060

10

9,535,483

11

8,049,313

6

18.5%

SAtl

 Virginia

12

8,260,405

12

8,001,024

12

7,078,515

16

13.0%

SAtl

 Maryland

19

5,928,814

19

5,773,552

19

5,296,486

23

9.0%

SAtl

 South Carolina

24

4,774,839

24

4,625,364

26

4,012,012

10

15.3%

SAtl

 West Virginia

38

1,854,304

37

1,852,994

37

1,808,344

45

2.5%

SAtl

 Delaware

45

925,749

45

897,934

45

783,600

11

14.6%

SAtl

 District of Columbia

--

646,449

--

601,723

--

572,059

--

5.2%

SAtl

       South Atlantic

1

64,705,532

1

59,777,037

1

51,769,160

3

15.5%

South

 Tennessee

17

6,495,978

17

6,346,105

16

5,689,283

19

11.5%

ESC

 Alabama

23

4,833,722

23

4,779,736

23

4,447,100

27

7.5%

ESC

 Kentucky

26

4,395,295

26

4,339,367

25

4,041,769

28

7.4%

ESC

 Mississippi

31

2,991,207

31

2,967,297

31

2,844,658

38

4.3%

ESC

       East South Central

8

19,029,020

8

18,432,505

8

17,022,810

5

8.3%

South

 Texas

2

26,448,193

2

25,145,561

2

20,851,820

5

20.6%

WSC

 Louisiana

25

4,625,470

25

4,533,372

22

4,468,976

48

1.4%

WSC

 Oklahoma

28

3,850,568

28

3,751,351

27

3,450,654

24

8.7%

WSC

 Arkansas

32

2,959,373

32

2,915,918

33

2,673,400

22

9.1%

WSC

       West South Central

5

39,924,072

5

36,346,202

5

31,444,850

2

15.6%

South

       South

1

123,658,624

1

114,555,744

1

100,236,820

1

14.3%

USA

 Illinois

6

12,882,135

5

12,830,632

5

12,419,293

42

3.3%

ENC

 Ohio

7

11,570,808

7

11,536,504

7

11,353,140

47

1.6%

ENC

 Michigan

10

9,895,622

8

9,883,640

8

9,938,444

50

-0.6%

ENC

 Indiana

17

6,570,902

15

6,483,802

14

6,080,485

31

6.6%

ENC

 Wisconsin

20

5,742,713

20

5,686,986

18

5,363,675

34

6.0%

ENC

       East North Central

3

46,885,244

3

46,421,564

2

45,155,037

9

2.8%

MWest

 Missouri

18

6,044,171

18

5,988,927

17

5,595,211

29

7.0%

WNC

 Minnesota

22

5,420,380

21

5,303,925

21

4,919,479

26

7.8%

WNC

 Iowa

30

3,090,416

30

3,046,355

30

2,926,324

40

4.1%

WNC

 Kansas

34

2,893,957

33

2,853,118

32

2,688,418

33

6.1%

WNC

 Nebraska

37

1,868,516

38

1,826,341

38

1,711,263

30

6.7%

WNC

 South Dakota

46

844,877

46

814,180

46

754,844

25

7.9%

WNC

  North Dakota

47

723,393

48

672,591

47

642,200

36

4.7%

WNC

       West North Central

7

21,294,107

7

20,505,437

6

19,237,739

6

6.6%

MWest

       Midwest

3

68,179,351

3

66,927,001

2

64,392,776

3

3.9%

USA

 Arizona

14

7,016,270

16

6,392,017

20

5,130,632

2

24.6%

Mtn

 Colorado

21

5,607,154

22

5,029,196

24

4,301,261

9

16.9%

Mtn

 Utah

31

3,101,833

34

2,763,885

34

2,233,169

3

23.8%

Mtn

 Nevada

33

2,998,039

35

2,700,551

35

1,998,257

1

35.1%

Mtn

 New Mexico

36

2,088,070

36

2,059,179

36

1,819,046

15

13.2%

Mtn

 Idaho

39

1,716,943

39

1,567,582

39

1,293,953

4

21.1%

Mtn

 Montana

44

1,050,493

44

989,415

44

902,195

21

9.7%

Mtn

 Wyoming

50

579,315

50

563,626

50

493,782

12

14.1%

Mtn

       Mountain

6

24,158,117

6

22,065,451

7

18,172,295

1

21.4%

West

 California

1

39,536,653

1

37,253,956

1

33,871,648

20

10.0%

Pac

 Washington

13

7,405,743

13

6,724,540

15

5,894,121

13

14.1%

Pac

 Oregon

27

4,142,776

27

3,831,074

28

3,421,399

18

12.0%

Pac

 Hawaii

40

1,427,538

40

1,360,301

42

1,211,537

17

12.3%

Pac

 Alaska

48

739,795

47

710,231

48

626,932

14

13.3%

Pac

       Pacific

2

53,252,505

2

49,880,102

3

45,025,637

4

10.8%

West

       West

2

77,410,622

2

71,945,553

3

63,197,932

2

13.8%

USA

 50 states and D.C.

--

325,719,178

--

308,745,538

--

281,421,906

--

9.7%

NAmer

 Puerto Rico

1

3,337,177

1

3,725,789

1

3,808,610

3

-2.2%

Terr.

 Guam

2

[note 1]

2

159,358

2

154,805

1

2.9%

Terr.

 U.S. Virgin Islands

3

[note 1]

3

106,405

3

108,612

2

-2.0%

Terr.

 American Samoa

4

[note 1]

4

55,519

5

57,291

4

-3.1%

Terr.

 Northern Mariana Islands

5

[note 1]

5

53,883

4

69,221

5

-22.2%

Terr.

       Total Territories

--

3,712,342

--

4,100,954

--

4,198,539

--

-2.3%

USA

text: ^ Jump up to: a b c d There is no official population estimate for American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and United States Virgin Islands between the decennial censuses.


document_title: I'm on the Outside (Looking In)

question_text: who sings i'm on the outside looking in

question_tokens: who sings i 'm on the outside looking in

text: I'm on the Outside (Looking In)

text:
"I'm on the Outside (Looking In)"

Song by Little Anthony and the Imperials

Language
English

Released
1964

Recorded
1964

Genre
Doo-wop

Length
3:07

Label
DCP Records

Songwriter(s)
Teddy Randazzo
Bobby Weinstein

Producer(s)
Teddy Randazzo
Don Costa

text: "I'm on the Outside (Looking In)" is a 1964 hit song by Little Anthony and the Imperials, issued on DCP Records. It was a Billboard Top 20 Pop hit, peaking at number 15.[1] Written by Teddy Randazzo and Bobby Weinstein, this was the group's comeback single, ending a long period of inactivity. After the group's first hit-making period, with such hits as "Tears on My Pillow", "Two People In The World", and "Shimmy Shimmy Ko-Ko Bop", lead singer "Little Anthony" Gourdine left the group for a solo career. Both he and the group released records separately, but none of them were hits. By 1963, both entities had faded from the charts. In the interim, The Imperials had gone through some membership changes as well. While original members Ernest Wright and group founder Clarence Collins had remained with the group, the other original members, Tracy Lord and Nathanial Rogers, left the group, and Sammy Strain joined the group.

text: In late 1963, writer and producer Teddy Randazzo, a childhood friend of some of the group members and now a songwriter for Don Costa Productions, contacted the group, saying that he had written a song that he wanted them to record, and from that point on, things began to change for The Imperials. Gourdine, Wright, Collins, and Strain went to the studio and recorded "I'm On The Outside (Looking In)". With the help of New York disk jockey Murray the K, the song became an immediate hit and re-established The Imperials as a hitmaking force. This song was the first of a long string of hits by Randazzo for the group, which helped them transcend their status as a teen doo-wop group and established them as successful in the adult contemporary radio format.

text: Cover versions were recorded by The Miracles, Johnny Mathis, Baby Washington, The Moments, and others. Gourdine, Wright, Collins, and Strain reunited in 2003 and performed the song 39 years after they originally recorded it on the PBS special: Soul Spectacular: 40 Years of R&B.

text: Credits: The Imperials[edit]

text:
"Little Anthony" Gourdine
Clarence "Wah-hoo" Collins
Sammy Strain
Ernest Wright
Producers: Teddy Randazzo and Don Costa

text: Sources[edit]

text: When Rock Was Young, pgs 178-181