document_title: The Walking Dead (season 7)

question_text: latest episode of the walking dead season 7

root

text: The Walking Dead (season 7)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text: The seventh season features twenty series regulars overall. For the season premiere, Jeffrey Dean Morgan and Austin Amelio were promoted to series regular status, with Morgan added to the opening credits and Amelio listed under "Also starring". After the first episode aired, the cast faced numerous changes: Steven Yeun and Michael Cudlitz were removed from the opening credits, while Alanna Masterson, Josh McDermitt and Christian Serratos were added to the opening credits, respectively, after previously being credited as "Also starring", in the second episode onwards. Tom Payne and Xander Berkeley were also promoted to series regulars in the second episode and beyond.

tag: p

text: Starring[edit]

text:
Andrew Lincoln as Rick Grimes, the series' protagonist and leader of Alexandria, who is forced to adapt under the rule of Negan.[5]
Norman Reedus as Daryl Dixon, the group's primary hunter and a recruiter for Alexandria.[5]
Steven Yeun as Glenn Rhee, Maggie's resourceful husband, who stands as the group's moral compass.[5]1
Lauren Cohan as Maggie Rhee, Glenn's strong-willed and pregnant wife.[5]
Chandler Riggs as Carl Grimes, Rick's teenage son, who struggles to maintain his renewed morality that he achieved from residing in Alexandria.[5]
Danai Gurira as Michonne, a katana-wielding warrior, who has opened up from her previous solitary life and has recently begun a relationship with Rick.[5]
Melissa McBride as Carol Peletier, an empowered member of the group, whose several tragedies force her to question her ruthless methods.[5]
Michael Cudlitz as Sgt. Abraham Ford, a former military sergeant, whose reevaluation of his life led him to break up with Rosita and pursue Sasha.[5]1
Lennie James as Morgan Jones, the first survivor Rick had ever encountered, who is questioning the pacifist philosophy he had adopted.[5]
Sonequa Martin-Green as Sasha Williams, a former firefighter, Abraham's girlfriend and a guard of Alexandria, who has overcome various traumas.[5]
Alanna Masterson as Tara Chambler, a caring member of the group, who found a community named Oceanside and struggles to keep it a secret.[5]
Josh McDermitt as Eugene Porter, a survivor who struggles to prove his worth to the group after lying to them about knowing a possible cure to the walker virus.[5]
Christian Serratos as Rosita Espinosa, a pragmatic and protective member of the group, and ex-girlfriend of Abraham.[5]
Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan, the manipulative and totalitarian leader of the Saviors who served as the primary antagonist of the season.[5]

tag: ul

text: Also starring[edit]

text:
Seth Gilliam as Gabriel Stokes, a priest, who has managed to earn the group's trust after previously betraying them.[5]
Ross Marquand as Aaron, an Alexandrian recruiter, who brought Rick's group to Alexandria and serves as a bridge between the two factions.[5]
Austin Nichols as Spencer Monroe, a guard of Alexandria and the only surviving member of his family.[5]
Austin Amelio as Dwight, a ruthless but reluctant member of the Saviors and one of Negan's top lieutenants, who forms a violent hostile rivalry with Daryl.[5]
Tom Payne as Paul "Jesus" Rovia, a scout for the Hilltop Colony, who introduced Rick's group to their compound.[5]
Xander Berkeley as Gregory, the selfish and arrogant leader of the Hilltop Colony.[5]

text: Supporting cast[edit]

text: Alexandria Safe-Zone[edit]

text:
Katelyn Nacon as Enid, an isolated teenager residing in Alexandria, who forms a special bond with Maggie and is starting to show feelings for Carl.[5]
Jason Douglas as Tobin, the foreman of Alexandria's construction crew, who had a brief relationship with Carol.[1]
Corey Hawkins as Heath, a supply runner for Alexandria who went missing.[6]
Ann Mahoney as Olivia, an Alexandria resident, who is in charge of the community's food and armory.[6]
Kenric Green as Scott, a supply runner for Alexandria.
Jordan Woods-Robinson as Eric Raleigh, Aaron's husband and former Alexandria recruiter.

text: The Saviors[edit]

text:
Christine Evangelista as Sherry, Dwight's ex-wife and now one of Negan's harem.[7]
Steven Ogg as Simon, Negan's right-hand man.[8]
Jayson Warner Smith as Gavin, a Savior lieutenant who deal directly with The Kingdom.
Joshua Mikel as Jared, a volatile Savior who works with Gavin.
Elizabeth Ludlow as Arat, a high ranking Savior.
Tim Parati as Emmett Carson, a Savior doctor and brother of Harlan Carson.

text: The Hilltop[edit]

text:
R. Keith Harris as Harlan Carson, The Hilltop's doctor.
James Chen as Kal, a Hilltop guard.
Peter Zimmerman as Eduardo, a Hilltop guard.

text: The Kingdom[edit]

text:
Khary Payton as King Ezekiel, a former zookeeper and the flamboyant leader of the Kingdom.[9]
Cooper Andrews as Jerry, Ezekiel's wise-cracking personal bodyguard.
Karl Makinen as Richard, Ezekiel's right-hand-man.
Logan Miller as Benjamin, a young memeber of The Kingdom who Morgan takes under his wing.
Kerry Cahill as Dianne, a bow-wielding member of The Kingdom.
Daniel Newman as Daniel, the first memeber of The Kingdom encountered.

text: Oceanside[edit]

text:
Deborah May as Natania, the leader of Oceanside.
Sydney Park as Cyndie, Natania's granddaughter.
Mimi Kirkland as Rachel, Natania's granddaughter and Cyndie's younger sister.

text: The Scavengers[edit]

text:
Pollyanna McIntosh as Jadis, the unusual leader of The Scavengers.
Thomas Francis Murphy as Brion, a high ranking memeber of The Scavengers.
Sabrina Gennarino as Tamiel, a high ranking memeber of The Scavengers.

text: Production[edit]

text: The Walking Dead was renewed by AMC for a 16-episode seventh season on October 30, 2015.[10] Filming for season 7 began in Georgia on May 2, 2016 and concluded on November 18, 2016.[11][12] Actors Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Xander Berkeley, Tom Payne, and Austin Amelio were all promoted to series regulars for the seventh season, after having recurring roles in the sixth season.[5] The seventh season has featured several extended episodes, running longer than its usual 43-minute running time (without commercials). Extended episodes have ranged from 46 to 62 minutes in length.[13][14]

text: The finale was dedicated in memory of American comic artist Bernie Wrightson, who died on March 18, 2017.[15]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

84
1
"The Day Will Come When You Won't Be"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple
October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
17.03[16]

Negan's victim is revealed to be Abraham, who is beaten to death in front of Rick's group. Daryl punches Negan out of anger, prompting Negan to also murder Glenn. After several tests, Negan ultimately breaks Rick's resolve by nearly forcing him to hack off Carl's arm. Negan and his crew then leave with Daryl as hostage, while Sasha volunteers to take Maggie to Hilltop to recover, along with the bodies of Glenn and Abraham.

85
2
"The Well"
Greg Nicotero
Matthew Negrete
October 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)
12.46[17]

Carol and Morgan arrive at the Kingdom, a well-established community run by flamboyant former zookeeper "King" Ezekiel. The Kingdom, like Hilltop, has been producing for the Saviors under the threat of violence, although Ezekiel has kept this arrangement secret from most residents of the Kingdom. Carol recuperates and eagerly prepares to abandon the community, but opts to stay in an isolated house nearby after bonding with Ezekiel.

86
3
"The Cell"
Alrick Riley
Angela Kang
November 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)
11.72[18]

Daryl is locked in a cell at the Sanctuary, where Negan and Dwight constantly torture him in an effort to break him down to obedience. Negan sends Dwight on a mission to retrieve an escaped Savior, who says he would rather die than return to the Sanctuary. Dwight, therefore, ultimately mercy-kills the man. Daryl is given the opportunity to become a Savior but adamantly refuses.

87
4
"Service"
David Boyd
Corey Reed
November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)
11.40[19]

As the grieving survivors struggle to come to terms with life under Negan's rule, Negan and the Saviors arrive at Alexandria days ahead of schedule for their first offering and take most of Alexandria's furniture and medicine, and all their firearms. Feeling powerless, Rick informs the survivors that he is no longer in charge and they must learn to live by Negan's terms. Rosita finds an empty cartridge case and brings it to Eugene, tasking him to craft a live, usable cartridge for a gun she found in the woods.

88
5
"Go Getters"
Darnell Martin
Channing Powell
November 20, 2016 (2016-11-20)
11.00[20]

Carl accompanies Enid to Hilltop to visit Maggie, who is recovering there with Sasha. Gregory is furious with Maggie and Sasha for not fulfilling their deal to kill the Saviors, and demands they leave. However, after they help defend Hilltop from a walker attack, Jesus convinces Gregory to let them stay. While the Saviors raid Hilltop's supplies, Sasha asks Jesus if he can find where Negan lives, which he agrees to do. Jesus then sneaks onto one of the Saviors' trucks, where he finds Carl hiding.

89
6
"Swear"
Michael E. Satrazemis
David Leslie Johnson
November 27, 2016 (2016-11-27)
10.40[21]

Two weeks after the attack at the Saviors' satellite station outpost, Tara is separated from Heath when she falls off a bridge during a walker attack. She washes up on a beach, where she is revived by a girl named Cyndie. Tara follows Cyndie to her community, Oceanside, a secluded group consisting of heavily-armed women and children; any men in the group had been slaughtered by the Saviors. Cyndie helps Tara find her way back to Alexandria and makes her swear to never mention Oceanside to anyone.

90
7
"Sing Me a Song"
Rosemary Rodriguez
Angela Kang & Corey Reed
December 4, 2016 (2016-12-04)
10.48[22]

Upon nearing the Sanctuary, Jesus jumps off the Saviors' truck to recon the area, but Carl stays behind to kill Negan on his own. Dwight subdues Carl, but Negan is impressed by Carl's bravery and tours him around Sanctuary. Rosita and Eugene manage to craft a live cartridge, while Spencer scavenges for supplies in the woods. Upon returning to Alexandria, the trio finds Negan and the Saviors are there.

91
8
"Hearts Still Beating"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell
December 11, 2016 (2016-12-11)
10.58[23]

With help from Jesus and an anonymous source, Daryl finally escapes from the Sanctuary. During a discussion about Rick's leadership, Negan guts and kills Spencer, enraging Rosita, who shoots at Negan but hits Lucille instead. As punishment, Arat kills Olivia. Negan and the Saviors then leave with Eugene as hostage. After a talk with Michonne, Rick is finally motivated to fight the Saviors. Rick's group travels to Hilltop to reunite with Maggie, Sasha, and Enid; Daryl and Jesus emerge, and the group embraces.

92
9
"Rock in the Road"
Greg Nicotero
Angela Kang
February 12, 2017 (2017-02-12)
12.00[24]

After Hilltop rallies behind Rick's group in the fight against the Saviors, Jesus introduces the group to the Kingdom, where they meet "King" Ezekiel and reunite with Morgan. Although Ezekiel hesitates to join the proposed alliance, he offers Daryl asylum at the Kingdom. In Alexandria, a group of Saviors raids the community in search of Daryl but leaves after they are unable to find him. Rick's group pursues Father Gabriel, who had taken the group's supplies and left clues leading to a dilapidated yard. Upon their arrival, the group is surrounded by the Scavengers.

93
10
"New Best Friends"
Jeffrey F. January
Channing Powell
February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)
11.08[25]

Rick manages to convince the Scavengers to join Alexandria in the fight against the Saviors, but their leader, Jadis, demands Rick's group deliver them guns in exchange for their assistance. Richard plans to have Carol killed by the Saviors, believing that her death would motivate Ezekiel to fight. When Daryl learns of Richard's plans, he threatens to kill him should Carol be harmed in any way. After reuniting with Carol and lying to her about Glenn and Abraham's fates, Daryl travels to Hilltop to prepare for battle against the Saviors.

94
11
"Hostiles and Calamities"
Kari Skogland
David Leslie Johnson
February 26, 2017 (2017-02-26)
10.42[26]

Eugene settles in quickly at the Sanctuary, as he's rewarded for his intelligence and willingness to submit to Negan's demands. Eugene bonds with two of Negan's wives. At their request, he makes poison capsules; however, he refuses to give them the capsules after learning of their intentions to kill Negan. Dwight discovers a note from Sherry that reveals she helped Daryl escape from the Sanctuary and then fled to parts unknown. Dwight frames Dr. Emmett Carson for Daryl and Sherry's disappearances, leading Negan to murder Carson by hurling him into a furnace.

95
12
"Say Yes"
Greg Nicotero
Matthew Negrete
March 5, 2017 (2017-03-05)
10.16[27]

Rick and Michonne embark on a hunt for guns to bring to the Scavengers and find an abandoned school carnival, where they acquire dozens of guns. They bring the guns back to the Scavengers, but Jadis is unsatisfied and demands more. Tara contemplates whether or not to tell Rick about Oceanside, knowing Rick's group's need for weapons and reinforcements. Frustrated with the delay, Rosita travels to Hilltop and meets with Sasha; they make a pact to kill Negan together.

96
13
"Bury Me Here"
Alrick Riley
Scott M. Gimple
March 12, 2017 (2017-03-12)
10.68[28]

Ezekiel and his group meet the Saviors for the Kingdom's weekly tribute. After the Saviors notice a single cantaloupe is missing, Jared shoots Benjamin, who bleeds to death. Morgan, who finds the missing cantaloupe hidden in the street and learns that Richard sabotaged the drop-off in an effort to get himself killed and become a martyr for war, Morgan strangles Richard to death for causing Benjamin's murder. Morgan reveals the truth about Glenn, Abraham, Spencer, and Olivia to Carol, leading her to return to the Kingdom prepared to fight the Saviors alongside Ezekiel.

97
14
"The Other Side"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Angela Kang
March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)
10.32[29]

The Saviors raid Hilltop unexpectedly, forcing Daryl and Maggie into hiding; the Saviors leave with Dr. Harlan Carson in tow to replace his now-deceased brother as their doctor. While sneaking into the Sanctuary on a secret mission, Sasha and Rosita encounter Eugene and urge him to escape, but he refuses. Sasha then locks Rosita out, telling her to go back to Alexandria because the group needs her. As Sasha breaks into the Sanctuary to kill Negan herself, Rosita flees and notices someone watching her.

98
15
"Something They Need"
Michael Slovis
Corey Reed
March 26, 2017 (2017-03-26)
10.54[30]

Tara leads the group to Oceanside in hopes of convincing that community to join the fight against the Saviors. Natania refuses to have her people fight but ultimately capitulates to Rick's group's demands to take their guns. After imprisoning Sasha, Negan reveals he is aware of Rick's plans to fight him and encourages Sasha to join him. She confides in Eugene and asks him for a weapon, then a way to kill herself; in response, he gives her one of the poison capsules he had made. Upon their return to Alexandria, Rick's group is greeted by Rosita, who after running into Dwight while fleeing the Sanctuary, reveals Dwight's intentions of helping take down Negan.

99
16
"The First Day of the Rest of Your Life"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple & Angela Kang & Matthew Negrete
April 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)
11.31[31]

Negan and the Saviors travel to Alexandria with Sasha in a coffin as a gimmick to confront Rick. On the way, Sasha commits suicide with the poison capsule Eugene had given her. At Alexandria, the Scavengers double-cross Rick's group, revealing they've been dealing with Negan all along. After a standoff, a gun fight ensues, with the unexpected arrival of Kingdom and Hilltop fighters forcing Negan and the Saviors and the Scavengers to retreat. Alexandria, the Kingdom, and Hilltop are hit badly, but are prepared for all-out war against their enemies, while the undead Sasha is put down by Maggie and Jesus.

tag: table

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The seventh season of The Walking Dead has received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds a score of 60% with an average rating of 6.97 out of 10, based on 11 reviews, and an average episode score of 76%. The site's critical consensus reads: "Increased character depth and effective world-building helps The Walking Dead overcome a tiresome reliance on excessive, gratuitous violence."[32]

text: The first episode of the season, "The Day Will Come When You Won't Be", received criticism for the amount of violence depicted in the episode, with one writer calling it the equivalent of "torture porn".[33] Subsequently, the first half of the seventh season has seen some of the show's lowest critical ratings. The show's executive producer Gale Anne Hurd claimed that in light of the negative feedback, they tamed some of the more gruesome scenes that were in episodes being filmed for the second half of the season. Hurd said that "this is not a show that's torture porn...Let's make sure we don't cross that line".[34] However, this claim was countered by executive producers Scott M. Gimple and Greg Nicotero. Gimple said that the violence used in the episode was "pronounced for a reason", specifically that "there was a purpose of traumatizing these characters to a point where maybe they would have been docile for the rest of their lives", but noted that he felt that this episode shouldn't represent "the base level of violence that necessarily should be on the show".[35] On Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a 66% with an average rating of 7.03 out of 10, based on 50 reviews. The site's consensus reads: The flashback-laden "The Day Will Come When You Won't Be" is slow to deliver the payoff from last season's finale -- but ultimately delivers with sadistic acts of gut-wrenching violence that will push Walking Dead fans to their limit.[36]

text:
The Walking Dead (season 7): Critical reception by episode

Season 7 (2016–17): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[32]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: For the 43rd Saturn Awards, the seventh season of The Walking Dead received seven nominations and three wins. The wins were for Best Horror Television Series, Best Actor on Television (Andrew Lincoln), and Best Guest Starring Role on Television (Jeffrey Dean Morgan).[3] The nominations were for Best Supporting Actor on Television (Norman Reedus), Best Supporting Actress on Television (Danai Gurira and Melissa McBride), and Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series (Chandler Riggs).[37]

text: The first half of the season was nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Television Series at the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards.[38] Additionally, for his portrayal of Negan, Jeffrey Dean Morgan earned himself a nomination and win for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series at the 7th Critics' Choice Television Awards for the first half of the season, in addition to his guest appearance in the season six finale, "Last Day on Earth".[39][40] Morgan was also nominated at the 26th MTV Movie & TV Awards for Best Actor in a TV Show and Best Villain, winning the latter.[41][42]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The Walking Dead's seventh-season premiere ("The Day Will Come When You Won't Be") received 17.03 million viewers in its initial broadcast on AMC in the United States. The viewership steadily declined every week after the premiere, until the seventh episode ("Sing Me a Song"), with the sixth episode ("Swear") of the season dropping to 10.40 million viewers, the lowest rating the show has had since season three. Viewing increased to 12 million viewers in the ninth episode ("Rock in the Road"), following this viewing decreased with the twelfth episode ("Say Yes") reaching a season low with 10.16 million viewers.[43]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"The Day Will Come When You Won't Be"
October 23, 2016
8.4
17.03[16]
2.3
4.50
10.7
21.53[44]

2
"The Well"
October 30, 2016
6.1
12.46[17]
2.9
5.49
9.0
17.95[45]

3
"The Cell"
November 6, 2016
5.7
11.72[18]
2.9
5.49
8.6
17.21[46]

4
"Service"
November 13, 2016
5.4
11.40[19]
2.3
4.32
7.7
15.72[47]1

5
"Go Getters"
November 20, 2016
5.2
11.00[20]
2.7
5.31
7.9
16.31[48]

6
"Swear"
November 27, 2016
4.9
10.40[21]
2.5
4.69
7.4
15.10[49]

7
"Sing Me a Song"
December 4, 2016
5.0
10.48[22]
2.7
5.29
7.7
15.78[50]

8
"Hearts Still Beating"
December 11, 2016
5.1
10.58[23]
2.8
5.42
7.9
16.02[51]

9
"Rock in the Road"
February 12, 2017
5.7
12.00[24]
2.5
4.82
8.2
16.84[52]

10
"New Best Friends"
February 19, 2017
5.3
11.08[25]
2.6
5.08
7.9
16.17[53]

11
"Hostiles and Calamities"
February 26, 2017
5.0
10.43[26]
2.7
5.32
7.7
15.76[54]

12
"Say Yes"
March 5, 2017
4.7
10.16[27]
1.9
3.50
6.6
13.67[55]1

13
"Bury Me Here"
March 12, 2017
4.9
10.68[28]
2.0
3.74
6.9
14.43[56]

14
"The Other Side"
March 19, 2017
4.7
10.32[29]
2.3
4.45
7.0
14.78[57]

15
"Something They Need"
March 26, 2017
4.9
10.54[30]
2.1
4.22
7.0
14.77[58]

16
"The First Day of the Rest of Your Life"
April 2, 2017
5.4
11.31[31]
2.6
5.09
8.0
16.42[59]

text: ^1 Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead.

text: Home media[edit]

text: The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on August 22, 2017,[60] in region 2 on September 25, 2017,[61] and in region 4 on September 27, 2017.[62] The "Limited Edition Spike Walker Statue" set, which is exclusive to Amazon.com was released on October 24, 2017, and was created by McFarlane Toys to pay homage to the zombie character featured in the "New Best Friends" episode in season 7.[63]


document_title: macOS version history

question_text: what is the next operating system after snow leopard

text: macOS version history

text: Development[edit]

text: Development outside of Apple[edit]

text: After Apple removed Steve Jobs from management in 1985, he left the company and attempted — with funding from Ross Perot[6] and from his own pockets — to create the "next big thing". The result was NeXT. As the first workstation to include a DSP and high-capacity optical disc drive, NeXT hardware was advanced for its time, but was expensive relative to the rapidly commoditizing workstation market and marred by design problems. The hardware was phased out in 1993; however, the company's object-oriented operating system NeXTSTEP had a more lasting legacy.

text: NeXTSTEP was based on the Mach kernel developed at CMU (Carnegie Mellon University)[7] and BSD, an implementation of Unix dating back to the 1970s. It featured an object-oriented programming framework based on the Objective-C language. This environment is known today in the Mac world as Cocoa. It also supported the innovative Enterprise Objects Framework database access layer and WebObjects application server development environment, among other notable features.

text: All but abandoning the idea of an operating system, NeXT managed to maintain a business selling WebObjects and consulting services, but was never a commercial success. NeXTSTEP underwent an evolution into OPENSTEP which separated the object layers from the operating system below, allowing it to run with less modification on other platforms. OPENSTEP was, for a short time, adopted by Sun Microsystems. However, by this point, a number of other companies — notably Apple, IBM, Microsoft, and even Sun itself — were claiming they would soon be releasing similar object-oriented operating systems and development tools of their own. (Some of these efforts, such as Taligent, did not fully come to fruition; others, like Java, gained widespread adoption.)

text: On February 4, 1997, Apple Computer acquired NeXT for $427 million, and used OPENSTEP as the basis for Mac OS X, as it was called at the time.[8] Traces of the NeXT software heritage can still be seen in macOS. For example, in the Cocoa development environment, the Objective-C library classes have "NS" prefixes, and the HISTORY section of the manual page for the defaults command in macOS straightforwardly states that the command "First appeared in NeXTStep."

text: Internal development[edit]

text: Meanwhile, Apple was facing commercial difficulties of its own. The decade-old classic Mac OS had reached the limits of its single-user, co-operative multitasking architecture, and its once-innovative user interface was looking increasingly outdated. A massive development effort to replace it, known as Copland, was started in 1994, but was generally perceived outside Apple to be a hopeless case due to political infighting and conflicting goals. By 1996, Copland was nowhere near ready for release, and the project was eventually cancelled. Some elements of Copland were incorporated into Mac OS 8, released on July 26, 1997.

text: After considering the purchase of BeOS — a multimedia-enabled, multi-tasking OS designed for hardware similar to Apple's — the company decided instead to acquire NeXT and use OPENSTEP as the basis for their new OS. Avie Tevanian took over OS development, and Steve Jobs was brought on as a consultant. At first, the plan was to develop a new operating system based almost entirely on an updated version of OPENSTEP, with the addition of a virtual machine subsystem — known as the Blue Box — for running "classic" Macintosh applications. The result was known by the code name Rhapsody, slated for release in late 1998.

text: Apple expected that developers would port their software to the considerably more powerful OPENSTEP libraries once they learned of its power and flexibility. Instead, several major developers such as Adobe told Apple that this would never occur, and that they would rather leave the platform entirely. This "rejection" of Apple's plan was largely the result of a string of previous broken promises from Apple; after watching one "next OS" after another disappear and Apple's market share dwindle, developers were not interested in doing much work on the platform at all, let alone a re-write.

text: Changed direction under Jobs[edit]

text: Apple's financial losses continued and the board of directors lost confidence in CEO Gil Amelio, asking him to resign. The board asked Steve Jobs to lead the company on an interim basis, essentially giving him carte blanche to make changes to return the company to profitability. When Jobs announced at the World Wide Developer's Conference that what developers really wanted was a modern version of the Mac OS, and Apple was going to deliver it[citation needed], he was met with thunderous applause. Over the next two years, major effort was applied to porting the original Macintosh APIs to Unix libraries known as Carbon. Mac OS applications could be ported to Carbon without the need for a complete re-write, making them operate as native applications on the new operating system. Meanwhile, applications written using the older toolkits would be supported using the "Classic" Mac OS 9 environment. Support for C, C++, Objective-C, Java, and Python were added, furthering developer comfort with the new platform.

text: During this time, the lower layers of the operating system (the Mach kernel and the BSD layers on top of it[9]) were re-packaged and released under the Apple Public Source License. They became known as Darwin. The Darwin kernel provides a stable and flexible operating system, which takes advantage of the contributions of programmers and independent open-source projects outside Apple; however, it sees little use outside the Macintosh community[citation needed]. During this period, the Java programming language had increased in popularity, and an effort was started to improve Mac Java support. This consisted of porting a high-speed Java virtual machine to the platform, and exposing macOS-specific "Cocoa" APIs to the Java language.

text: The first release of the new OS — Mac OS X Server 1.0 — used a modified version of the Mac OS GUI, but all client versions starting with Mac OS X Developer Preview 3 used a new theme known as Aqua. Aqua was a substantial departure from the Mac OS 9 interface, which had evolved with little change from that of the original Macintosh operating system: it incorporated full color scalable graphics, anti-aliasing of text and graphics, simulated shading and highlights, transparency and shadows, and animation. A key new feature was the Dock, an application launcher which took advantage of these capabilities. Despite this, OS X maintained a substantial degree of consistency with the traditional Mac OS interface and Apple's own Apple Human Interface Guidelines, with its pull-down menu at the top of the screen, familiar keyboard shortcuts, and support for a single-button mouse. The development of Aqua was delayed somewhat by the switch from OpenStep's Display PostScript engine to one developed in-house that was free of any license restrictions, known as Quartz.

text: Releases[edit]

text: With the exception of Mac OS X Server 1.0 and the original public beta, the first several macOS versions were named after big cats. Prior to its release, version 10.0 was code named "Cheetah" internally at Apple, and version 10.1 was code named internally as "Puma". After the code name "Jaguar" for version 10.2 received publicity in the media, Apple began openly using the names to promote the operating system: 10.3 was marketed as "Panther", 10.4 as "Tiger", 10.5 as "Leopard", 10.6 as "Snow Leopard", 10.7 as "Lion", and 10.8 as "Mountain Lion". "Panther", "Tiger", and "Leopard" were registered as trademarks, and Apple registered "Lynx" and "Cougar", but these were allowed to lapse,[10] with Apple instead using the name of iconic locations in California for subsequent releases: 10.9 was called "Mavericks", 10.10 was called "Yosemite", 10.11 was called "El Capitan", and 10.12 was called "Sierra".

text: Public Beta: "Kodiak"[edit]

text: On September 13, 2000 Apple released a $29.95[11] "preview" version of Mac OS X (internally codenamed Kodiak) in order to gain feedback from users.[12] It marked the first public availability of the Aqua interface, and Apple made many changes to the UI based on customer feedback. Mac OS X Public Beta expired and ceased to function in spring 2001.[13]

text: Version 10.0: "Cheetah"[edit]

text: On March 24, 2001, Apple released Mac OS X 10.0 (internally codenamed Cheetah).[14] The initial version was slow, incomplete, and had very few applications available at the time of its launch, mostly from independent developers. While many critics suggested that the operating system was not ready for mainstream adoption, they recognized the importance of its initial launch as a base on which to improve. Simply releasing Mac OS X was received by the Macintosh community as a great accomplishment, for attempts to completely overhaul the Mac OS had been underway since 1996, and delayed by countless setbacks. Following some bug fixes, kernel panics became much less frequent.

text: Version 10.1: "Puma"[edit]

text: Later that year on September 25, 2001, Mac OS X 10.1 (internally codenamed Puma) was released.[15] It had better performance and provided missing features, such as DVD playback. Apple released 10.1 as a free upgrade CD for 10.0 users, in addition to the US$129 boxed version for people running Mac OS 9. It was discovered that the upgrade CDs were full install CDs that could be used with Mac OS 9 systems by removing a specific file; Apple later re-released the CDs in an actual stripped-down format that did not facilitate installation on such systems.[16] On January 7, 2002, Apple announced that Mac OS X was to be the default operating system for all Macintosh products by the end of that month.[17]

text: Version 10.2: "Jaguar"[edit]

text: On August 23, 2002,[18] Apple followed up with Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar, the first release to use its code name as part of the branding.[19] It brought great raw performance improvements, a sleeker look, and many powerful user-interface enhancements (over 150, according to Apple[20] ), including Quartz Extreme for compositing graphics directly on an ATI Radeon or Nvidia GeForce2 MX AGP-based video card with at least 16 MB of VRAM, a system-wide repository for contact information in the new Address Book, and an instant messaging client named iChat.[21] The Happy Mac which had appeared during the Mac OS startup sequence for almost 18 years was replaced with a large grey Apple logo with the introduction of Mac OS X 10.2.

text: Version 10.3: "Panther"[edit]

text: Mac OS X 10.3 Panther was released on October 24, 2003. In addition to providing much improved performance, it also incorporated the most extensive update yet to the user interface. Panther included as many or more new features as Jaguar had the year before, including an updated Finder, incorporating a brushed-metal interface, Fast user switching, Exposé (Window manager), FileVault, Safari, iChat AV (which added videoconferencing features to iChat), improved Portable Document Format (PDF) rendering and much greater Microsoft Windows interoperability.[22] Support for some early G3 computers such as "beige" Power Macs and "WallStreet" PowerBooks was discontinued.

text: Version 10.4: "Tiger"[edit]

text: Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger was released on April 29, 2005. Apple stated that Tiger contained more than 200 new features.[23] As with Panther, certain older machines were no longer supported; Tiger requires a Mac with a built-in FireWire port. Among the new features, Tiger introduced Spotlight, Dashboard, Smart Folders, updated Mail program with Smart Mailboxes, QuickTime 7, Safari 2, Automator, VoiceOver, Core Image and Core Video. The initial release of the Apple TV used a modified version of Tiger with a different graphical interface and fewer applications and services. On January 10, 2006, Apple released the first Intel-based Macs along with the 10.4.4 update to Tiger. This operating system functioned identically on the PowerPC-based Macs and the new Intel-based machines, with the exception of the Intel release dropping support for the Classic environment.[24] Only PowerPC Macs can be booted from retail copies of the Tiger client DVD, but there is a Universal DVD of Tiger Server 10.4.7 (8K1079) that can boot both PowerPC and Intel Macs.

text: Version 10.5: "Leopard"[edit]

text: Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard was released on October 26, 2007. It was called by Apple "the largest update of Mac OS X". Leopard supports both PowerPC- and Intel x86-based Macintosh computers; support for the G3 processor was dropped and the G4 processor required a minimum clock rate of 867 MHz, and at least 512 MB of RAM to be installed. The single DVD works for all supported Macs (including 64-bit machines). New features include a new look, an updated Finder, Time Machine, Spaces, Boot Camp pre-installed,[25] full support for 64-bit applications (including graphical applications), new features in Mail and iChat, and a number of new security features. Leopard is an Open Brand UNIX 03 registered product on the Intel platform. It was also the first BSD-based OS to receive UNIX 03 certification.[1][26] Leopard dropped support for the Classic Environment and all Classic applications,[27] and was the final version of Mac OS X to support the PowerPC architecture.

text: Version 10.6: "Snow Leopard"[edit]

text: Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard was released on August 28, 2009, the last version to be available on disc. Rather than delivering big changes to the appearance and end user functionality like the previous releases of Mac OS X, the development of Snow Leopard was deliberately focused on "under the hood" changes, increasing the performance, efficiency, and stability of the operating system. For most users, the most noticeable changes are these: the disk space that the operating system frees up after a clean installation compared to Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, a more responsive Finder rewritten in Cocoa, faster Time Machine backups, more reliable and user friendly disk ejects, a more powerful version of the Preview application, as well as a faster Safari web browser. An update introduced support for the Mac App Store, Apple's digital distribution platform for macOS applications and subsequent macOS upgrades.[28] Snow Leopard only supports machines with Intel CPUs, requires at least 1 GB of RAM, and drops default support for applications built for the PowerPC architecture (Rosetta can be installed as an additional component to retain support for PowerPC-only applications).[29]

text: Version 10.7: "Lion"[edit]

text: Mac OS X 10.7 Lion was released on July 20, 2011. It brought developments made in Apple's iOS, such as an easily navigable display of installed applications (Launchpad) and (a greater use of) multi-touch gestures, to the Mac. This release removed Rosetta, making it incapable of running PowerPC applications. It dropped support for 32-bit Intel processors and requires 2GB of memory. Changes made to the GUI (Graphical User Interface) include the Launchpad (similar to the home screen of iOS devices), auto-hiding scrollbars that only appear when they are being used, and Mission Control, which unifies Exposé, Spaces, Dashboard, and full-screen applications within a single interface.[30] Apple also made changes to applications: they resume in the same state as they were before they were closed (similar to iOS). Documents auto-save by default.

text: Version 10.8: "Mountain Lion"[edit]

text: OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion was released on July 25, 2012. It incorporates some features seen in iOS 5, which include Game Center, support for iMessage in the new Messages messaging application, and Reminders as a to-do list app separate from iCal (which is renamed as Calendar, like the iOS app). It also includes support for storing iWork documents in iCloud. 2GB of memory is required.[31] Notification Center, which makes its debut in Mountain Lion, is a desktop version similar to the one in iOS 5.0 and higher. Application pop-ups are now concentrated on the corner of the screen, and the Center itself is pulled from the right side of the screen. Mountain Lion also includes more Chinese features, including support for Baidu as an option for Safari search engine.[32] Notification Center is added, providing an overview of alerts from applications. Notes is added, as an application separate from Mail, synching with its iOS counterpart[33][34] through the iCloud service. Messages, an instant messaging software application,[35] replaces iChat.[36]

text: Version 10.9: "Mavericks"[edit]

text: OS X 10.9 Mavericks was released on October 22, 2013, as a free update through the Mac App Store worldwide.[37] It places emphasis on battery life, Finder enhancements, other enhancements for power users, and continued iCloud integration, as well as bringing more of Apple's iOS apps to the OS X platform. iBooks and Apple Maps applications were added. Mavericks requires 2GB of memory to operate. It is the first version named under Apple's then-new theme of places in California, dubbed Mavericks after the surfing location.[38][39] Unlike previous versions of OS X, which had progressively decreasing prices since 10.6, 10.9 was available at no charge to all users of compatible systems running Snow Leopard (10.6) or later,[40] beginning Apple's policy of free upgrades for life on its operating system and business software.[41]

text: Version 10.10: "Yosemite"[edit]

text: OS X Yosemite was released to the general public on October 16, 2014, as a free update through the Mac App Store worldwide. It featured a major overhaul of user interface, replaced skeuomorphism with flat graphic design and blurred translucency effects, following the aesthetic introduced with iOS 7. It introduced features called Continuity and Handoff, which allow for tighter integration between paired OS X and iOS devices: the user can handle phone calls or text messages on either their Mac or their iPhone, and edit the same Pages document on either their Mac or their iPad. A later update of the OS included Photos as a replacement for iPhoto and Aperture.

text: Version 10.11: "El Capitan"[edit]

text: OS X El Capitan was revealed on June 8, 2015, during the WWDC keynote speech.[42] It was made available as a public beta in July and was made available publicly on September 30, 2015. Apple described this release as containing "Refinements to the Mac Experience" and "Improvements to System Performance" rather than new features. Refinements include public transport built into the Maps application, GUI improvements to the Notes application, as well as adopting San Francisco as the system font. Metal API, an application enhancing software, had debuted in this operating system, being available to "all Macs since 2012".[43]

text: Version 10.12: "Sierra"[edit]

text: macOS Sierra was revealed on June 13, 2016, during the WWDC keynote speech. It was released publicly on September 20, 2016.

text: Version 10.13: "High Sierra"[edit]

text: macOS High Sierra was announced on June 5, 2017, during the WWDC keynote speech. It was released on September 25, 2017. The release includes many under-the-hood improvements, including a switch to Apple File System (APFS), the introduction of Metal 2, support for HEVC video, and improvements to VR support. In addition, numerous changes were made to standard applications including Photos, Safari, Notes, and Spotlight.[44]

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Timeline of Macintosh operating systems


document_title: List of Super Bowl champions

question_text: what nfl team has won the most super bowl’s

question_tokens: what nfl team has won the most super bowl 's

text: List of Super Bowl champions

text: Super Bowl Championship (1966–present)

text: Numbers in parentheses in the table are Super Bowl appearances as of the date of that Super Bowl and are used as follows:

text:
Winning team and losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a Super Bowl as well as each respective teams' Super Bowl record to date.
Venue column indicates number of times that stadium has hosted a Super Bowl.
City column indicates number of times that metropolitan area has hosted a Super Bowl.

text:
National Football League (NFL, 1967–1970)
American Football League (AFL, 1967–1970)

NFL champion‡
(4, 2–2)
AFL champion^
(4, 2–2)

National Football Conference (NFC, 1971–present)
American Football Conference (AFC, 1971–present)

NFC champion*
(48, 25–23)
AFC champion†
(48, 23–25)

text:
Game
Date
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Venue
City
Attendance
Ref

01 !I
000000001967-01-15-0000January 15, 1967
Green Bay Packers 01 !Green Bay Packers‡
(1, 1–0)
3510 !35–10
Kansas City Chiefs 01 !Kansas City Chiefs^
(1, 0–1)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 01 !Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Los Angeles, California 01 !Los Angeles, California[note 1]
061946 !61,946
[11]

02 !II
000000001968-01-14-0000January 14, 1968
Green Bay Packers 02 !Green Bay Packers‡
(2, 2–0)
3314 !33–14
Oakland Raiders 01 !Oakland Raiders^
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 01 !Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida 01 !Miami, Florida[note 2]
075546 !75,546
[12]

03 !III
000000001969-01-12-0000January 12, 1969
New York Jets 01 !New York Jets^
(1, 1–0)
1607 !16–7
Indianapolis Colts 01 !Baltimore Colts‡
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 02 !Miami Orange Bowl (2)
Miami, Florida 02 !Miami, Florida (2)[note 2]
075389 !75,389
[13]

04 !IV
000000001970-01-11-0000January 11, 1970
Kansas City Chiefs 02 !Kansas City Chiefs^
(2, 1–1)
2307 !23–7
Minnesota Vikings 01 !Minnesota Vikings‡
(1, 0–1)
Tulane Stadium 01 !Tulane Stadium
New Orleans, Louisiana 01 !New Orleans, Louisiana
080562 !80,562
[14]

05 !V
000000001971-01-17-0000January 17, 1971
Indianapolis Colts 02 !Baltimore Colts†
(2, 1–1)
1613 !16–13
Dallas Cowboys 01 !Dallas Cowboys*
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 03 !Miami Orange Bowl (3)
Miami, Florida 03 !Miami, Florida (3)[note 2]
079204 !79,204
[15]

06 !VI
000000001972-01-16-0000January 16, 1972
Dallas Cowboys 02 !Dallas Cowboys*
(2, 1–1)
2403 !24–3
Miami Dolphins 01 !Miami Dolphins†
(1, 0–1)
Tulane Stadium 02 !Tulane Stadium (2)
New Orleans, Louisiana 02 !New Orleans, Louisiana (2)
081023 !81,023
[16]

07 !VII
000000001973-01-14-0000January 14, 1973
Miami Dolphins 02 !Miami Dolphins†
(2, 1–1)
1407 !14–7
Washington Redskins 01 !Washington Redskins*
(1, 0–1)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 02 !Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (2)
Los Angeles, California 02 !Los Angeles, California (2)[note 1]
090182 !90,182
[17]

08 !VIII
000000001974-01-13-0000January 13, 1974
Miami Dolphins 03 !Miami Dolphins†
(3, 2–1)
2407 !24–7
Minnesota Vikings 02 !Minnesota Vikings*
(2, 0–2)
Rice Stadium 01 !Rice Stadium
Houston, Texas 01 !Houston, Texas
071882 !71,882
[18]

09 !IX
000000001975-01-12-0000January 12, 1975
Pittsburgh Steelers 01 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(1, 1–0)
1606 !16–6
Minnesota Vikings 03 !Minnesota Vikings*
(3, 0–3)
Tulane Stadium 03 !Tulane Stadium (3)
New Orleans, Louisiana 03 !New Orleans, Louisiana (3)
080997 !80,997
[19]

10 !X
000000001976-01-18-0000January 18, 1976
Pittsburgh Steelers 02 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(2, 2–0)
2117 !21–17
Dallas Cowboys 03 !Dallas Cowboys*
(3, 1–2)
Miami Orange Bowl 04 !Miami Orange Bowl (4)
Miami, Florida 04 !Miami, Florida (4)[note 2]
080187 !80,187
[20]

11 !XI
000000001977-01-09-0000January 9, 1977
Oakland Raiders 02 !Oakland Raiders†
(2, 1–1)
3214 !32–14
Minnesota Vikings 04 !Minnesota Vikings*
(4, 0–4)
Rose Bowl 01 !Rose Bowl
Los Angeles, California 03 !Pasadena, California (3)[note 1]
103438 !103,438
[21]

12 !XII
000000001978-01-15-0000January 15, 1978
Dallas Cowboys 04 !Dallas Cowboys*
(4, 2–2)
2710 !27–10
Denver Broncos 01 !Denver Broncos†
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 01 !Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans, Louisiana 04 !New Orleans, Louisiana (4)
076400 !76,400
[22]

13 !XIII
000000001979-01-21-0000January 21, 1979
Pittsburgh Steelers 03 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(3, 3–0)
3531 !35–31
Dallas Cowboys 05 !Dallas Cowboys*
(5, 2–3)
Miami Orange Bowl 05 !Miami Orange Bowl (5)
Miami, Florida 05 !Miami, Florida (5)[note 2]
079484 !79,484
[23]

14 !XIV
000000001980-01-20-0000January 20, 1980
Pittsburgh Steelers 04 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(4, 4–0)
3119 !31–19
Los Angeles Rams 01 !Los Angeles Rams*
(1, 0–1)
Rose Bowl 02 !Rose Bowl (2)
Los Angeles, California 04 !Pasadena, California (4)[note 1]
103985 !103,985
[24]

15 !XV
000000001981-01-25-0000January 25, 1981
Oakland Raiders 03 !Oakland Raiders†
(3, 2–1)
2710 !27–10
Philadelphia Eagles 01 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 02 !Louisiana Superdome (2)
New Orleans, Louisiana 05 !New Orleans, Louisiana (5)
076135 !76,135
[25]

16 !XVI
000000001982-01-24-0000January 24, 1982
San Francisco 49ers 01 !San Francisco 49ers*
(1, 1–0)
2621 !26–21
Cincinnati Bengals 01 !Cincinnati Bengals†
(1, 0–1)
Pontiac Silverdome 01 !Pontiac Silverdome
Detroit, Michigan 01 !Pontiac, Michigan[note 1]
081270 !81,270
[26]

17 !XVII
000000001983-01-30-0000January 30, 1983
Washington Redskins 02 !Washington Redskins*
(2, 1–1)
2717 !27–17
Miami Dolphins 04 !Miami Dolphins†
(4, 2–2)
Rose Bowl 03 !Rose Bowl (3)
Los Angeles, California 05 !Pasadena, California (5)[note 1]
103667 !103,667
[27]

18 !XVIII
000000001984-01-22-0000January 22, 1984
Oakland Raiders 04 !Los Angeles Raiders†
(4, 3–1)
3809 !38–9
Washington Redskins 03 !Washington Redskins*
(3, 1–2)
Tampa Stadium 01 !Tampa Stadium
Tampa, Florida 01 !Tampa, Florida
072920 !72,920
[28]

19 !XIX
000000001985-01-20-0000January 20, 1985
San Francisco 49ers 02 !San Francisco 49ers*
(2, 2–0)
3816 !38–16
Miami Dolphins 05 !Miami Dolphins†
(5, 2–3)
Stanford Stadium 01 !Stanford Stadium
San Francisco, California 01 !Stanford, California[note 1]
084059 !84,059
[29]

20 !XX
000000001986-01-26-0000January 26, 1986
Chicago Bears 01 !Chicago Bears*
(1, 1–0)
4610 !46–10
New England Patriots 01 !New England Patriots†
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 03 !Louisiana Superdome (3)
New Orleans, Louisiana 06 !New Orleans, Louisiana (6)
073818 !73,818
[30]

21 !XXI
000000001987-01-25-0000January 25, 1987
New York Giants 01 !New York Giants*
(1, 1–0)
3920 !39–20
Denver Broncos 02 !Denver Broncos†
(2, 0–2)
Rose Bowl 04 !Rose Bowl (4)
Los Angeles, California 06 !Pasadena, California (6)[note 1]
101063 !101,063
[31]

22 !XXII
000000001988-01-31-0000January 31, 1988
Washington Redskins 04 !Washington Redskins*
(4, 2–2)
4210 !42–10
Denver Broncos 03 !Denver Broncos†
(3, 0–3)
Qualcomm Stadium 01 !San Diego–Jack Murphy Stadium[note 3]
San Diego, California 01 !San Diego, California
073302 !73,302
[32]

23 !XXIII
000000001989-01-22-0000January 22, 1989
San Francisco 49ers 03 !San Francisco 49ers*
(3, 3–0)
2016 !20–16
Cincinnati Bengals 02 !Cincinnati Bengals†
(2, 0–2)
Hard Rock Stadium 01 !Joe Robbie Stadium[note 3]
Miami, Florida 06 !Miami Gardens, Florida (6)[note 2]
075129 !75,129
[33]

24 !XXIV
000000001990-01-28-0000January 28, 1990
San Francisco 49ers 04 !San Francisco 49ers*
(4, 4–0)
5510 !55–10
Denver Broncos 04 !Denver Broncos†
(4, 0–4)
Louisiana Superdome 04 !Louisiana Superdome (4)
New Orleans, Louisiana 07 !New Orleans, Louisiana (7)
072919 !72,919
[34]

25 !XXV
000000001991-01-27-0000January 27, 1991
New York Giants 02 !New York Giants*
(2, 2–0)
2019 !20–19
Buffalo Bills 01 !Buffalo Bills†
(1, 0–1)
Tampa Stadium 02 !Tampa Stadium (2)
Tampa, Florida 02 !Tampa, Florida (2)
073813 !73,813
[35]

26 !XXVI
000000001992-01-26-0000January 26, 1992
Washington Redskins 05 !Washington Redskins*
(5, 3–2)
3724 !37–24
Buffalo Bills 02 !Buffalo Bills†
(2, 0–2)
Metrodome 01 !Metrodome
Minneapolis, Minnesota 01 !Minneapolis, Minnesota
063130 !63,130
[36]

27 !XXVII
000000001993-01-31-0000January 31, 1993
Dallas Cowboys 06 !Dallas Cowboys*
(6, 3–3)
5217 !52–17
Buffalo Bills 03 !Buffalo Bills†
(3, 0–3)
Rose Bowl 05 !Rose Bowl (5)
Los Angeles, California 07 !Pasadena, California (7)[note 1]
098374 !98,374
[37]

28 !XXVIII
000000001994-01-30-0000January 30, 1994
Dallas Cowboys 07 !Dallas Cowboys*
(7, 4–3)
3013 !30–13
Buffalo Bills 04 !Buffalo Bills†
(4, 0–4)
Georgia Dome 01 !Georgia Dome
Atlanta, Georgia 01 !Atlanta, Georgia
072817 !72,817
[38]

29 !XXIX
000000001995-01-29-0000January 29, 1995
San Francisco 49ers 05 !San Francisco 49ers*
(5, 5–0)
4926 !49–26
San Diego Chargers 01 !San Diego Chargers†
(1, 0–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 02 !Joe Robbie Stadium (2)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 07 !Miami Gardens, Florida (7)[note 2]
074107 !74,107
[39]

30 !XXX
000000001996-01-28-0000January 28, 1996
Dallas Cowboys 08 !Dallas Cowboys*
(8, 5–3)
2717 !27–17
Pittsburgh Steelers 05 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(5, 4–1)
Sun Devil Stadium 01 !Sun Devil Stadium
Phoenix, Arizona 01 !Tempe, Arizona[note 1]
076347 !76,347
[40]

31 !XXXI
000000001997-01-26-0000January 26, 1997
Green Bay Packers 03 !Green Bay Packers*
(3, 3–0)
3521 !35–21
New England Patriots 02 !New England Patriots†
(2, 0–2)
Louisiana Superdome 05 !Louisiana Superdome (5)
New Orleans, Louisiana 08 !New Orleans, Louisiana (8)
072301 !72,301
[41]

32 !XXXII
000000001998-01-25-0000January 25, 1998
Denver Broncos 05 !Denver Broncos†
(5, 1–4)
3124 !31–24
Green Bay Packers 04 !Green Bay Packers*
(4, 3–1)
Qualcomm Stadium 02 !Qualcomm Stadium (2)[note 3]
San Diego, California 02 !San Diego, California (2)
068912 !68,912
[42]

33 !XXXIII
000000001999-01-31-0000January 31, 1999
Denver Broncos 06 !Denver Broncos†
(6, 2–4)
3419 !34–19
Atlanta Falcons 01 !Atlanta Falcons*
(1, 0–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 03 !Pro Player Stadium (3)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 08 !Miami Gardens, Florida (8)[note 2]
074803 !74,803
[43]

34 !XXXIV
000000002000-01-30-0000January 30, 2000
Los Angeles Rams 02 !St. Louis Rams*
(2, 1–1)
2316 !23–16
Tennessee Titans 01 !Tennessee Titans†
(1, 0–1)
Georgia Dome 02 !Georgia Dome (2)
Atlanta, Georgia 02 !Atlanta, Georgia (2)
072625 !72,625
[44]

35 !XXXV
000000002001-01-28-0000January 28, 2001
Baltimore Ravens 01 !Baltimore Ravens†
(1, 1–0)
3407 !34–7
New York Giants 03 !New York Giants*
(3, 2–1)
Raymond James Stadium 01 !Raymond James Stadium
Tampa, Florida 03 !Tampa, Florida (3)
071921 !71,921
[45]

36 !XXXVI
000000002002-02-03-0000February 3, 2002
New England Patriots 03 !New England Patriots†
(3, 1–2)
2017 !20–17
Los Angeles Rams 03 !St. Louis Rams*
(3, 1–2)
Louisiana Superdome 06 !Louisiana Superdome (6)
New Orleans, Louisiana 09 !New Orleans, Louisiana (9)
072922 !72,922
[46]

37 !XXXVII
000000002003-01-26-0000January 26, 2003
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 01 !Tampa Bay Buccaneers*
(1, 1–0)
4821 !48–21
Oakland Raiders 05 !Oakland Raiders†
(5, 3–2)
Qualcomm Stadium 03 !Qualcomm Stadium (3)[note 3]
San Diego, California 03 !San Diego, California (3)
067603 !67,603
[47]

38 !XXXVIII
000000002004-02-01-0000February 1, 2004
New England Patriots 04 !New England Patriots†
(4, 2–2)
3229 !32–29
Carolina Panthers 01 !Carolina Panthers*
(1, 0–1)
NRG Stadium 01 !Reliant Stadium[note 3]
Houston, Texas 02 !Houston, Texas (2)
071525 !71,525
[48]

39 !XXXIX
000000002005-02-06-0000February 6, 2005
New England Patriots 05 !New England Patriots†
(5, 3–2)
2421 !24–21
Philadelphia Eagles 02 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(2, 0–2)
ALLTEL Stadium 01 !Alltel Stadium
Jacksonville, Florida 01 !Jacksonville, Florida
078125 !78,125
[49]

40 !XL
000000002006-02-05-0000February 5, 2006
Pittsburgh Steelers 06 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(6, 5–1)
2110 !21–10
Seattle Seahawks 01 !Seattle Seahawks*
(1, 0–1)
Ford Field 01 !Ford Field
Detroit, Michigan 02 !Detroit, Michigan (2)[note 1]
068206 !68,206
[50]

41 !XLI
000000002007-02-04-0000February 4, 2007
Indianapolis Colts 03 !Indianapolis Colts†
(3, 2–1)
2917 !29–17
Chicago Bears 02 !Chicago Bears*
(2, 1–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 04 !Dolphin Stadium (4)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 09 !Miami Gardens, Florida (9)[note 2]
074512 !74,512
[51]

42 !XLII
000000002008-02-03-0000February 3, 2008
New York Giants 04 !New York Giants*
(4, 3–1)
1714 !17–14
New England Patriots 06 !New England Patriots†
(6, 3–3)
University of Phoenix Stadium 01 !University of Phoenix Stadium
Phoenix, Arizona 02 !Glendale, Arizona (2)[note 1]
071101 !71,101
[52]

43 !XLIII
000000002009-02-01-0000February 1, 2009
Pittsburgh Steelers 07 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(7, 6–1)
2723 !27–23
Arizona Cardinals 01 !Arizona Cardinals*
(1, 0–1)
Raymond James Stadium 02 !Raymond James Stadium (2)
Tampa, Florida 04 !Tampa, Florida (4)
070774 !70,774
[53]

44 !XLIV
000000002010-02-07-0000February 7, 2010
New Orleans Saints 01 !New Orleans Saints*
(1, 1–0)
3117 !31–17
Indianapolis Colts 04 !Indianapolis Colts†
(4, 2–2)
Hard Rock Stadium 05 !Sun Life Stadium (5)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 10 !Miami Gardens, Florida (10)[note 2]
074059 !74,059
[54]

45 !XLV
000000002011-02-06-0000February 6, 2011
Green Bay Packers 05 !Green Bay Packers*
(5, 4–1)
3125 !31–25
Pittsburgh Steelers 08 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(8, 6–2)
Cowboys Stadium 01 !Cowboys Stadium
Arlington, Texas 01 !Arlington, Texas
103219 !103,219
[55]

46 !XLVI
000000002012-02-05-0000February 5, 2012
New York Giants 05 !New York Giants*
(5, 4–1)
2117 !21–17
New England Patriots 07 !New England Patriots†
(7, 3–4)
Lucas Oil Stadium 01 !Lucas Oil Stadium
Indianapolis, Indiana 01 !Indianapolis, Indiana
068658 !68,658
[56][57]

47 !XLVII
000000002013-02-03-0000February 3, 2013
Baltimore Ravens 02 !Baltimore Ravens†
(2, 2–0)
3431 !34–31
San Francisco 49ers 06 !San Francisco 49ers*
(6, 5–1)
Louisiana Superdome 07 !Mercedes-Benz Superdome (7)
New Orleans, Louisiana 10 !New Orleans, Louisiana (10)
071024 !71,024
[56][58]

48 !XLVIII
000000002014-02-02-0000February 2, 2014
Seattle Seahawks 02 !Seattle Seahawks*
(2, 1–1)
4308 !43–8
Denver Broncos 07 !Denver Broncos†
(7, 2–5)
MetLife Stadium 01 !MetLife Stadium
East Rutherford, New Jersey 01 !East Rutherford, New Jersey
082529 !82,529
[59]

49 !XLIX
000000002015-02-01-0000February 1, 2015
New England Patriots 08 !New England Patriots†
(8, 4–4)
2824 !28–24
Seattle Seahawks 03 !Seattle Seahawks*
(3, 1–2)
University of Phoenix Stadium 02 !University of Phoenix Stadium (2)
Phoenix, Arizona 03 !Glendale, Arizona (3)[note 1]
070288 !70,288
[60][61]

50 !50 [note 4]
000000002016-02-07-0000February 7, 2016
Denver Broncos 08 !Denver Broncos†
(8, 3–5)
2410 !24–10
Carolina Panthers 02 !Carolina Panthers*
(2, 0–2)
Levi's Stadium 01 !Levi's Stadium
San Francisco, California 02 !Santa Clara, California (2)[note 1]
071088 !71,088
[61][62][63]

51 !LI
000000002017-02-05-0000February 5, 2017
New England Patriots 09 !New England Patriots†
(9, 5–4)
3428 !34–28 (OT)
Atlanta Falcons 02 !Atlanta Falcons*
(2, 0–2)
NRG Stadium 02 !NRG Stadium (2)[note 3]
Houston, Texas 03 !Houston, Texas (3)
070807 !70,807
[61][62][63]

52 !LII
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4, 2018
Philadelphia Eagles 03 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(3, 1–2)
4133 !41–33
New England Patriots 10 !New England Patriots†
(10, 5–5)
U.S. Bank Stadium 01 !U.S. Bank Stadium
Minneapolis, Minnesota 02 !Minneapolis, Minnesota (2)
067612 !67,612
[64][65]

53 !LIII
000000002019-02-03-0000February 3, 2019 [note 5]
X 2019 !2018–19 AFC champion† at 2018–19 NFC champion*
0019 !—
X 2019 !To be determined (TBD)
Mercedes-Benz Stadium 01 !Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Atlanta, Georgia 03 !Atlanta, Georgia (3)
TBD
[66][67]

54 !LIV
000000002020-02-02-0000February 2, 2020 [note 5]
X 2020 !2019–20 NFC champion* at 2019–20 AFC champion†
0020 !—
X 2020 !To be determined
Hard Rock Stadium 06 !Hard Rock Stadium (6)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 11 !Miami Gardens, Florida (11)[note 2]
TBD
[66][67]

55 !LV
000000002021-02-07-0000February 7, 2021 [note 5]
X 2020 !2020–21 AFC champion† at 2020–21 NFC champion*
0021 !—
X 2021 !To be determined
Raymond James Stadium 03 !Raymond James Stadium (3)
Tampa, Florida 05 !Tampa, Florida (5)
TBD
[66][67]

56 !LVI
000000002022-02-06-0000February 6, 2022 [note 5]
X 2021 !2021–22 NFC champion† at 2021–22 AFC champion*
0022 !—
X 2022 !To be determined
City of Champions Stadium 01 !Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park
Los Angeles, California 08 !Inglewood, California (8)[note 1]
TBD
[66][67]

Game
Date
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Venue
City
Attendance
Ref

text: Consecutive winners

text: Seven franchises have won consecutive Super Bowls, one of which (Pittsburgh) has accomplished it twice:

text:
Green Bay Packers (Super Bowls I and II)
Miami Dolphins (VII and VIII)
Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: IX and X as well as XIII and XIV)
San Francisco 49ers (XXIII and XXIV)
Dallas Cowboys (XXVII and XXVIII)
Denver Broncos (XXXII and XXXIII)
New England Patriots (XXXVIII and XXXIX)

text: No franchise has yet won three Super Bowls in a row, although several have come close:

text:
The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls, and also won the NFL championship the preceding year.
The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls (VI, VII, and VIII), winning the last two.
The Pittsburgh Steelers won two consecutive Super Bowls (IX and X); the following season they were eliminated in the AFC championship game by the eventual Super Bowl champion Oakland Raiders. They also won two more consecutive Super Bowls (XIII and XIV) for four wins in six seasons.
The San Francisco 49ers won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXIII and XXIV); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship by the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants.
The Dallas Cowboys won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXVII and XXVIII); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship game by the eventual champion San Francisco 49ers. The Cowboys won Super Bowl XXX the following year for three wins in four seasons.
The New England Patriots won Super Bowl XXXVI, which was two years before their consecutive wins in XXXVIII and XXXIX, for three wins in four seasons. They did not make the playoffs in the intervening season (XXXVII). The Patriots also won Super Bowls XLIX and LI and in the intervening season (50) were eliminated in the AFC championship game by the eventual champion Denver Broncos.

text: Consecutive losers

text: Three franchises have lost consecutive Super Bowls:

text:
Buffalo Bills (4) (Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII) – The only team to appear in four straight Super Bowls, let alone lose in all four appearances.
Minnesota Vikings (2) (Super Bowls VIII and IX) – They also lost Super Bowl XI, and were knocked out of the playoffs for Super Bowl X by the eventual losers the Dallas Cowboys for three losses in four seasons.
Denver Broncos (2) (Super Bowls XXI and XXII) – They also lost Super Bowl XXIV, but did not even make the playoffs for Super Bowl XXIII for three losses in four seasons.

text: Super Bowl appearances by team

text:
NFL‡/NFC* teams (27 wins)
AFL^/AFC† teams (25 wins)

NFL‡/AFC† team[note 6]

text: In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by number of years since last appearing in a Super Bowl. In the "Seasons" column, bold years indicate winning seasons, and italic years indicate games not yet completed.

text:
Appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Winning
percentage
Seasons

10A-05W-01YA-02YW !10
New England Patriots†
05W-02YW !5
05L-01YL !5
.500
1985 !1985,† 1996,† 2001,† 2003,† 2004,† 2007,† 2011,† 2014,† 2016,† 2017†

08A-06W-08YA-10YW !8
Pittsburgh Steelers†[note 6]
06W-10YW !6
02L-08YL !2
.750
1974 !1974,† 1975,† 1978,† 1979,† 1995,† 2005,† 2008,† 2010†

08A-05W-23YA-23YW !8
Dallas Cowboys*
05W-23YW !5
03L-40YL !3
.625
1970 !1970,* 1971,* 1975,* 1977,* 1978,* 1992,* 1993,* 1995*

08A-03W-03YA-03YW !8
Denver Broncos†
03W-03YW !3
05L-05YL !5
.375
1977 !1977,† 1986,† 1987,† 1989,† 1997,† 1998,† 2013,† 2015†

06A-05W-06YA-24YW !6
San Francisco 49ers*
05W-24YW !5
01L-06YL !1
.833
1981 !1981,* 1984,* 1988,* 1989,* 1994*, 2012*

05A-04W-08YA-08YW !5
Green Bay Packers‡*
04W-08YW !4
01L-21YL !1
.800
1966 !1966,‡ 1967,‡ 1996,* 1997,* 2010*

05A-04W-07YA-07YW !5
New York Giants*
04W-07YW !4
01L-18YL !1
.800
1986 !1986,* 1990,* 2000,* 2007,* 2011*

05A-03W-27YA-27YW !5
Washington Redskins*
03W-27YW !3
02L-35YL !2
.600
1972 !1972,* 1982,* 1983,* 1987,* 1991*

05A-03W-16YA-35YW !5
Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders^†
03W-35YW !3
02L-16YL !2
.600
1967,^ 1976,† 1980,† 1983,† 2002†

05A-02W-34YA-45YW !5
Miami Dolphins†
02W-45YW !2
03L-34YL !3
.400
1971 !1971,† 1972,† 1973,† 1982,† 1984†

04A-02W-09YA-12YW !4
Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts‡†[note 6]
02W-12YW !2
02L-09YL !2
.500
1968 !1968,‡ 1970,† 2006,† 2009†

04A-00W-42YA-53YW !4
Minnesota Vikings‡*
00W-53YW-04A-25YA !0
04L-42YL !4
.000
1969 !1969,‡ 1973,* 1974,* 1976*

04A-00W-25YA-53YW !4
Buffalo Bills†
00W-53YW-04A-25YA !0
04L-25YL !4
.000
1990 !1990,† 1991,† 1992,† 1993†

03A-01W-17YA-19YW !3
St. Louis/Los Angeles Rams*
01W-19YW !1
02L-17YL !2
.333
1979 !1979,* 1999,* 2001*

03A-01W-03YA-04YW !3
Seattle Seahawks*
01W-04YW !1
02L-03YL !2
.333
2005 !2005,* 2013,* 2014*

03A-01W-01YA-01YW !3
Philadelphia Eagles*
01W-01YW !1
02L-14YL !2
.333
1980 !1980,* 2004,* 2017*

02A-02W-06YA-06YW !2
Baltimore Ravens†[note 7]
02W-06YW !2
00L-22YL-02A-06YA !0
1.000
2000 !2000,† 2012†

02A-01W-49YA-49YW !2
Kansas City Chiefs^†
01W-49YW !1
01L-52YL !1
.500
1966 !1966,^ 1969^

02A-01W-12YA-33YW !2
Chicago Bears*
01W-33YW !1
01L-12YL !1
.500
1985 !1985,* 2006*

02A-00W-30YA-53YW !2
Cincinnati Bengals†
00W-53YW-02A-30YA !0
02L-30YL !2
.000
1981 !1981,† 1988†

02A-00W-03YA-23YW !2
Carolina Panthers*
00W-23YW-02A-03YA !0
02L-03YL !2
.000
2003 !2003,* 2015*

02A-00W-02YA-53YW !2
Atlanta Falcons*
00W-53YW-02A-02YA !0
02L-02YL !2
.000
1998 !1998,* 2016*

01A-01W-50YA-50YW !1
New York Jets^†
01W-50YW !1
00L-53YL-01A-50YA !0
1.000
1968 !1968^

01A-01W-18YA-18YW !1
Tampa Bay Buccaneers*
01W-18YW !1
00L-44YL-01A-18YA !0
1.000
2002 !2002*

01A-01W-09YA-09YW !1
New Orleans Saints*
01W-09YW !1
00L-52YL-01A-09YA !0
1.000
2009 !2009*

01A-00W-24YA-53YW !1
San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers†
00W-53YW-01A-24YA !0
01L-24YL !1
.000
1994 !1994†

01A-00W-19YA-53YW !1
Houston/Tennessee Oilers/Tennessee Titans†
00W-53YW-01A-19YA !0
01L-19YL !1
.000
1999 !1999†

01A-00W-10YA-53YW !1
St. Louis/Arizona Cardinals*
00W-53YW-01A-10YA !0
01L-10YL !1
.000
2008 !2008*

00A-00W-53YA-53YW-11CG !0
Cleveland Browns†[note 6][note 7]
00W-53YW-00A-53YA-11CG !0
00L-53YL-00A-53YA-11CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-53YA-53YW-05CG !0
Detroit Lions*
00W-53YW-00A-53YA-05CG !0
00L-53YL-00A-53YA-05CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-23YA-23YW-00CG !0
Jacksonville Jaguars†
00W-23YW-00A-23YA-00CG !0
00L-23YL-00A-23YA-00CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-16YA-16YW-00CG !0
Houston Texans†
00W-16YW-00A-16YA-00CG !0
00L-16YL-00A-16YA-00CG !0
–
none

text: Teams with no Super Bowl appearances

text: Four current teams have never reached the Super Bowl. Two of them held NFL league championships prior to Super Bowl I in the 1966 NFL season:

text:
Cleveland Browns, NFL champions four times in 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964; appeared in seven other NFL championship games in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1965, 1968, and 1969; and appeared in three AFC Championship Games in 1986, 1987, and 1989.[68] The Browns are officially viewed as one continuous franchise that began in 1946 as a member of the All-America Football Conference, joined the NFL in 1950, suspended operations from 1996 to 1998, and resumed play in 1999.[69] The Baltimore Ravens were an expansion team created in 1996 with former Browns players.[70]
Detroit Lions, NFL champions four times in 1935, 1952, 1953, and 1957; appeared in one other NFL Championship Game in 1954; and appeared in one NFC Championship Game in 1991[71]
Jacksonville Jaguars, 1995 expansion team; appeared in three AFC Championship Games in 1996, 1999, and 2017.[72]
Houston Texans, 2002 expansion team; Divisional Round appearances in 2011, 2012, and 2016 seasons.

text: In addition, Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville have hosted Super Bowls, making Cleveland the only current NFL city that has neither hosted nor had its team play in a Super Bowl.

text: Teams with long Super Bowl droughts

text: Although Jacksonville and Houston have never appeared in a Super Bowl, there are teams whose most recent Super Bowl appearance is older than when Jacksonville and Houston joined the NFL (1995 and 2002, respectively), resulting in longer Super Bowl droughts than these teams for the following eight teams.

text: Two of these teams have not appeared in the Super Bowl since before the AFL–NFL merger in 1970:[73]

text:
New York Jets (most recently appeared in Super Bowl III, 1968 season)
Kansas City Chiefs (Super Bowl IV in 1969 season)

text: However, the Jets and the Chiefs are the only non-NFL teams to win the Super Bowl, both being members of the now-defunct AFL at the time.

text: The most recent Super Bowl appearance for the following teams was after the AFL–NFL merger, but prior to the 1995 regular season:

text:
Minnesota Vikings (Super Bowl XI, 1976 season)
Miami Dolphins (Super Bowl XIX, 1984 season)
Cincinnati Bengals (Super Bowl XXIII, 1988 season)
Washington Redskins (Super Bowl XXVI, 1991 season)
Buffalo Bills (Super Bowl XXVIII, 1993 season)
Los Angeles Chargers (played as San Diego Chargers in Super Bowl XXIX, 1994 season)

text: Teams with Super Bowl appearances but no victories

text: Eight teams have appeared in the Super Bowl without ever winning. In descending order of number of appearances, they are:

text:
Minnesota Vikings (4), appeared in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI. They won the NFL Championship Game in 1969, the last year before the AFL–NFL merger, but failed to win the subsequent Super Bowl. An NFL expansion team in 1961, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Buffalo Bills (4), appeared in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII. Their second and last AFL championship was in 1965, the season before the first Super Bowl.
Cincinnati Bengals (2), appeared in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII. An AFL expansion team in 1968, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Atlanta Falcons (2), appeared in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI. An expansion team in 1966, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Carolina Panthers (2), appeared in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50. A post-merger expansion team, their first season was in 1995.
Arizona Cardinals (1), appeared in Super Bowl XLIII. Their last championship was in 1947 as the Chicago Cardinals.
Los Angeles Chargers (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXIX as the San Diego Chargers. Their only AFL championship was in 1963.
Tennessee Titans (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXXIV. They won the first two AFL Championships in 1960 and 1961 as the Houston Oilers.

text: Super Bowl rematches

text: The following teams have faced each other more than once in the Super Bowl:

text:
Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers (3) – Super Bowls X and XIII were won by Pittsburgh, and Super Bowl XXX was won by Dallas. See also Cowboys–Steelers rivalry.
Miami Dolphins and Washington Redskins (2) – Super Bowl VII was won by Miami, and Super Bowl XVII was won by Washington.
Cincinnati Bengals and San Francisco 49ers (2) – Super Bowls XVI and XXIII were both won by San Francisco.
Buffalo Bills and Dallas Cowboys (2) – Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII, the only rematch in consecutive seasons, were both won by Dallas.
New England Patriots and New York Giants (2) – Super Bowls XLII and XLVI were both won by New York.
New England Patriots and Philadelphia Eagles (2) – Super Bowl XXXIX was won by New England, Super Bowl LII was won by Philadelphia.


document_title: Northern Inuit Dog

question_text: what kind of dog did they use in game of thrones

text: Northern Inuit Dog

text: Description[edit]

text: Appearance[edit]

text: The Northern Inuit Dog is of medium to large build, athletic but never racy. Females should be between 23 and 28 inches (58–71 cm) tall and weigh around 55–84 pounds (25–38 kg), while males should be between 25 and 30 inches (58–81 cm) tall and weigh 79–110 pounds (36–48 kg). The dog should have a double coat and a straight tail – curly tails are considered a fault.

text: Temperament and health[edit]

text: The Northern Inuit dog is not for the novice owner as they can be very stubborn and are very quick-witted. The owner of a Northern Inuit must show themselves to be a strong leader or be prepared to be the underdog, and be taken advantage of.

text: They are more difficult to train than other, more biddable breeds. Separation anxiety may arise when they are left alone and unsupervised too long, leading to destructive behaviour, but training from a young age will rectify this. Training from the onset is a must for this breed. Often, they will do better with another dog for company. Socialisation should begin when vaccinated and throughout as their play can be very rough and misinterpreted.

text: Some genetic problems have become apparent in Northern Inuit lines as with many breeds, including hip dysplasia and epilepsy, all of which should be tested for prior to breeding.

text: History[edit]

text: There are two stories regarding the history of the Northern Inuit Dog. In the late 1980s, the founder of the breed, Eddie Harrison, bred several mixed-breed rescue dogs of unknown origin or heritage with Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Malamutes, and a specific bloodline of German Shepherd Dogs to produce the early Northern Inuit dogs. The breed's intent was to create a dog that closely resembled a wolf in appearance while possessing the gentler, more trainable character of the domesticated dog.

text: The other story relating to this breed is that a few Canadian Eskimo Dogs or Labrador Huskys were brought into the UK from the USA in the late 70s or early 80s and crossbred with Alaskan Malamutes and German Shepherd Dogs. This version of events should be substantiated by the publication of importation and quarantine documents; however, this has never happened.

text: Over the years various groups have split from the original Northern Inuit Society to form their own breed groups.[citation needed] These have included The Inuit Dog Association, The British Timber dog, Anglo Wulfdog, The British Inuit Dog Club, and The Utonagan Society; the latter has also now splintered into different groups.[citation needed] None of these clubs have been accepted by larger organizations, such as the British Kennel Club.

text: In 2011 Northern Inuit dogs were cast as the direwolves in the first season of the HBO TV series Game of Thrones, based on the book series A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin.[2]


document_title: 1984 NBA draft

question_text: who passed on michael jordan in the nba draft

text: 1984 NBA draft

text: Selection[edit]

text: The Houston Rockets used their first pick to draft Hakeem Olajuwon,[10] a junior center from the University of Houston. The Nigerian-born Olajuwon became the second foreign-born player to be drafted first overall, after Mychal Thompson from the Bahamas in 1978.[11] The Portland Trail Blazers used the second overall pick to draft Sam Bowie from the University of Kentucky. The Chicago Bulls used the third pick to draft Naismith and Wooden College Player of the Year Michael Jordan from the University of North Carolina.[1][12] Jordan went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award and was also selected to the All-NBA Second Team in his rookie season.[13] Jordan's teammate at North Carolina, Sam Perkins, was drafted fourth by the Dallas Mavericks. Charles Barkley, a junior forward from Auburn University, was drafted fifth by the Philadelphia 76ers.

text: Olajuwon, Jordan and Barkley, along with the 16th pick John Stockton and the 131st pick Oscar Schmidt, have been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.[14] The first four mentioned players were also named in the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History list announced at the league's 50th anniversary in 1996.[15] Olajuwon's achievements include two NBA championships, two Finals Most Valuable Player Awards, one Most Valuable Player Award, two Defensive Player of the Year Awards, twelve All-NBA Team selections, twelve All-Star Game selections and nine All-Defensive Team selections. Olajuwon retired as the all–time league leader in total blocked shots with 3,830 blocks.[16] The third pick, Jordan, achieved even greater success than Olajuwon. He won six NBA championships, six Finals Most Valuable Player Awards, five Most Valuable Player Awards, one Defensive Player of the Year Award, eleven All-NBA Team selections, fourteen All-Star Game selections, three NBA All Star Game MVP Awards,  and nine All-Defensive Team selections.[13] Barkley and Stockton never won an NBA championship, but both players received numerous awards and honors. Barkley won the Most Valuable Player in 1993 and was selected to eleven All-NBA Teams, eleven All-Star Games, and was the MVP of the 1991 All Star Game.[17] Stockton was selected to eleven All-NBA Teams, ten All-Star Games and five All-Defensive Teams before retiring as the all–time league leader in assists and steals and was co-MVP of the 1993 All Star Game along with his Utah Jazz teammate Karl Malone.[18] Jordan, Barkley and Stockton would later play as teammates for the 1992 "Dream Team". Alvin Robertson, the seventh pick, is the only other player from this draft who has won annual NBA awards as a player; he won both the Defensive Player of the Year Award and the Most Improved Player Award in 1986. He was also selected to one All-NBA Team, four All-Star Games, six consecutive All-Defensive Teams,[19] Two other players from this draft, ninth pick Otis Thorpe and eleventh pick Kevin Willis, were also selected to one All-Star Game each.[20] Willis also had one selection to the All-NBA Team.[21] Rick Carlisle, the 70th pick, became a coach after ending his playing career and won the Coach of the Year Award in 2002 while coaching the Detroit Pistons. In 2011, he coached the Dallas Mavericks to an NBA Championship.[22]

text: The 1984 draft class is considered to be one of the best in NBA history as it produced five Hall of Famers and seven All-Stars.[23][24][25][26] However, it was also marked by the Blazers' selection of Sam Bowie, considered one of the biggest draft busts in NBA history.[27][28][29][30][31] It is believed that the Blazers picked Bowie over Michael Jordan because they already had an All Star shooting guard in Jim Paxson and a young shooting guard in Clyde Drexler, whom they drafted in the 1983 draft.[13][32] Although Drexler went on to have a successful career, Bowie's career was cut short by injuries; he had missed two of the past three seasons in his college career as well.[12] Despite having a 10-year career in the NBA and averaging 10.9 points and 7.5 rebounds per game, Bowie's career was interrupted by five leg surgeries, which limited him to 139 games in 5 years with the Blazers.[33][34]

text: Notable selections[edit]

text: Brazilian Oscar Schmidt was drafted with the 131st pick in the sixth round by the New Jersey Nets. However, Schmidt turned down the offers to play in the NBA and stayed to play in Italy and later in Brazil. He played in five Olympics and was the top scorer in three of them. He finished his career with 49,703 points with various clubs and the Brazilian national team, more than the NBA's career scoring leader, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, who scored 38,387 points in his NBA career.[35] In 2010, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) honored Schmidt with an induction to the FIBA Hall of Fame,[36] and Schmidt was inducted by the Naismith Hall in 2013.[37]

text: University of Houston track and field Olympic Champion Carl Lewis, who had never played college basketball, was drafted by the Chicago Bulls with the 208th pick in the 10th round. Lewis would dominate the Olympic Games in Los Angeles in the summer of 1984. [1][38] Lewis, who had also been drafted in NFL draft of the same year by the Dallas Cowboys, stayed with his athletics career and went on to win nine Olympic gold medals and eight World Championships gold medals.[39]

text: In the fifth round, the Portland Trail Blazers drafted Mike Whitmarsh, who starred for the University of San Diego in both basketball and volleyball, with the 111th pick. Whitmarsh played professional basketball in Germany for three years, but never played in the NBA. He then left basketball to play beach volleyball, where he achieved greater success, including a silver medal in the Olympics.[40]

text: The final pick in the 1984 Draft, number 228 by the Boston Celtics was Dan Trant of Clark University. Trant never played in a regular season game for the Celtics. Trant was working in his office at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 and was killed in the terrorist attacks that day.[41]

text: This draft would be the last of the NBA that would be without any undrafted players entering the NBA. Starting from 1985 onward, multiple undrafted players from each year would enter the NBA, with more of them coming after the league decreased the number of rounds from the draft from 10 to the more current 2.

text: Key[edit]

text:
Pos.
G
F
C

Position
Guard
Forward
Center

text:
^

Denotes player who has been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

*

Denotes player who has been selected for at least one All-Star Game and All-NBA Team

+

Denotes player who has been selected for at least one All-Star Game

#

Denotes player who never played in the NBA regular season or playoffs

text: Draft selections[edit]

text:
Round

Pick

Player

Pos.

Nationality[n 1]

Team

School/club team

1

1

Akeem Olajuwon^1[›]

C

 Nigeria2[›]

Houston Rockets

Houston (Jr.)

1

2

Sam Bowie

C

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers (from Indiana)[d]

Kentucky (Sr.)

1

3

Michael Jordan^

G/F

 United States

Chicago Bulls

North Carolina (Jr.)

1

4

Sam Perkins

F/C

 United States

Dallas Mavericks (from Cleveland)[e]

North Carolina (Sr.)

1

5

Charles Barkley^

F

 United States

Philadelphia 76ers (from L.A. Clippers)[f]

Auburn (Jr.)

1

6

Melvin Turpin

C

 United States

Washington Bullets (traded to Cleveland)[a]

Kentucky (Sr.)

1

7

Alvin Robertson*

G

 United States

San Antonio Spurs

Arkansas (Sr.)

1

8

Lancaster Gordon

G

 United States

Los Angeles Clippers (from Golden State)[g]

Louisville (Sr.)

1

9

Otis Thorpe+

F/C

 United States

Kansas City Kings

Providence (Sr.)

1

10

Leon Wood

G

 United States

Philadelphia 76ers (from Denver)[h]

Cal State Fullerton (Sr.)

1

11

Kevin Willis*

F/C

 United States

Atlanta Hawks

Michigan State (Sr.)

1

12

Tim McCormick

C

 United States

Cleveland Cavaliers3[›] (traded to Seattle)[a]

Michigan (Sr.)4[›]

1

13

Jay Humphries

G

 United States

Phoenix Suns

Colorado (Sr.)

1

14

Michael Cage

F/C

 United States

Los Angeles Clippers (from Seattle)[i]

San Diego State (Sr.)

1

15

Terence Stansbury

G

 United States

Dallas Mavericks

Temple (Sr.)

1

16

John Stockton^

G

 United States

Utah Jazz

Gonzaga (Sr.)

1

17

Jeff Turner

F/C

 United States

New Jersey Nets

Vanderbilt (Sr.)

1

18

Vern Fleming

G

 United States

Indiana Pacers (from New York)[j]

Georgia (Sr.)

1

19

Bernard Thompson

G/F

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers

Fresno State (Sr.)

1

20

Tony Campbell

G/F

 United States

Detroit Pistons

Ohio State (Sr.)

1

21

Kenny Fields

G/F

 United States

Milwaukee Bucks

UCLA (Sr.)

1

22

Tom Sewell

G

 United States

Philadelphia 76ers (traded to Washington)[b]

Lamar (Sr.)

1

23

Earl Jones

C

 United States

Los Angeles Lakers

UDC (Sr.)

1

24

Michael Young

G/F

 United States

Boston Celtics

Houston (Sr.)

2

25

Devin Durrant

F

 United States

Indiana Pacers

Brigham Young (Sr.)

2

26

Victor Fleming#

G

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers (from Chicago via Indiana)[k]

Xavier (Sr.)

2

27

Ron Anderson

G/F

 United States

Cleveland Cavaliers

Fresno State (Sr.)

2

28

Cory Blackwell

F

 United States

Seattle SuperSonics (from Houston)[l]

Wisconsin (Jr.)

2

29

Stuart Gray

F/C

 United States Panama5[›]

Indiana Pacers (from L.A. Clippers via Philadelphia)[m]

UCLA (Jr.)

2

30

Steve Burtt

G

 United States

Golden State Warriors (from Washington)[n]

Iona (Sr.)

2

31

Jay Murphy

F

 United States

Golden State Warriors (traded to L.A. Clippers)[c]

Boston College (Sr.)

2

32

Eric Turner#

G

 United States

Detroit Pistons (from San Antonio)[o]

Michigan (Jr.)

2

33

Steve Colter

G

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers (from Denver)[p]

New Mexico State (Sr.)

2

34

Tony Costner#

C

 United States

Washington Bullets (from Kansas City via Detroit and Atlanta)[q]

Saint Joseph's (Sr.)

2

35

Othell Wilson

G

 United States

Golden State Warriors (from Atlanta)[r]

Virginia (Sr.)

2

36

Charles Jones

F

 United States

Phoenix Suns

Louisville (Sr.)

2

37

Ben Coleman

F

 United States

Chicago Bulls (from Seattle via Atlanta and Kansas City)[s]

Maryland (Sr.)

2

38

Charlie Sitton

F

 United States

Dallas Mavericks

Oregon State (Sr.)

2

39

Danny Young

G

 United States

Seattle SuperSonics (from New Jersey)[t]

Wake Forest (Sr.)

2

40

Anthony Teachey#

F

 United States

Dallas Mavericks (from Utah)[u]

Wake Forest (Sr.)

2

41

Tom Sluby

G

 United States

Dallas Mavericks (from New York via New Jersey)[v]

Notre Dame (Sr.)

2

42

Willie White

G

 United States

Denver Nuggets (from Portland)[w]

Chattanooga (Sr.)

2

43

Greg Wiltjer#

C

 Canada

Chicago Bulls (from Detroit via Indiana and Kansas City)[x]

Victoria (Canada) (Sr.)

2

44

Fred Reynolds#

F

 United States

Washington Bullets (from Milwaukee)[y]

UTEP (Sr.)

2

45

Gary Plummer

F/C

 United States

Golden State Warriors (from Philadelphia 76ers)[z]

Boston University (Sr.)

2

46

Jerome Kersey

F

 United States

Portland Trail Blazers (from L.A. Lakers)[aa]

Longwood (Sr.)

2

47

Ronnie Williams#

F

 United States

Boston Celtics

Florida (Sr.)

text: Notable post-second round picks[edit]

text: The following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.

text:
Round

Pick

Player

Pos.

Team

School/club team

3

50

Ben McDonald

F

 United States

Cleveland Cavaliers

UC Irvine (Sr.)

3

51

Jim Petersen

F/C

 United States

Houston Rockets

Minnesota (Sr.)

3

57

Joe Binion

F

 United States

San Antonio Spurs (from Denver)[ab]

North Carolina A&T (Sr.)

3

61

Jeff Cross

F

 United States

Dallas Mavericks

Maine (Sr.)

3

62

David Pope

F

 United States

Utah Jazz

Norfolk State (Sr.)

3

68

Butch Graves

G

 United States

Philadelphia 76ers

Yale (Sr.)

3

70

Rick Carlisle

G

 United States

Boston Celtics

Virginia (Sr.)

4

71

Ralph Jackson

G

 United States

Indiana Pacers

UCLA (Sr.)

4

76

Jim Grandholm

F

 United States

Washington Bullets

South Florida (Sr.)

4

80

Carl Henry

G

 United States

Kansas City Kings

Kansas (Sr.)

4

86

Jim Rowinski

F

 United States

Utah Jazz

Purdue (Sr.)

4

87

Bob Thornton

F/C

 United States

New York Knicks

UC Irvine (Sr.)

4

90

Ozell Jones

F/C

 United States

San Antonio Spurs (from Milwaukee)[ac]

Cal State Fullerton (Sr.)

6

120

McKinley Singleton

G

 United States

Milwaukee Bucks (from Houston)[ad]

UAB (Sr.)

6

133

Eddie Lee Wilkins

F/C

 United States

New York Knicks

Gardner–Webb (Sr.)

7

140

Kenton Edelin

F

 United States

Indiana Pacers

Virginia (Sr.)

7

156

Ken Bannister

F/C

 United States

New York Knicks

St. Augustine's (Sr.)

9

185

Brian Martin

F

 United States

Indiana Pacers

Kansas (Sr.)

text: Jump up ^ Nationality indicates the player's national team or representative nationality. If a player has not competed at the international level, then the nationality indicates the national team which the player is eligible to represent according to FIBA rules.

tag: ol

text: Trades involving draft picks[edit]

text: Draft-day trades[edit]

text: The following trades involving drafted players were made on the day of the draft.[1]

text:
a 1 2  In a three-team trade, Cleveland acquired the draft rights to sixth pick Melvin Turpin from Washington, Washington acquired Cliff Robinson from Cleveland and Gus Williams from Seattle, and Seattle acquired Ricky Sobers from Washington and the draft rights to 12th pick Tim McCormick from Cleveland.
b  Washington acquired the draft rights to 22nd pick Tom Sewell from Philadelphia in exchange for a 1988 first-round pick.
c  The L.A. Clippers acquired the draft rights to 31st pick Jay Murphy from Golden State in exchange for Jerome Whitehead.

text: Pre-draft trades[edit]

text: Prior to the day of the draft, the following trades were made and resulted in exchanges of picks between the teams.

text:
d  On June 5, 1981, Portland acquired a first-round pick from Indiana in exchange for Tom Owens.[42] Portland used the pick to draft Sam Bowie.
e  On September 16, 1980, Dallas acquired a first-round pick from Cleveland in exchange for Mike Bratz.[43] Dallas used the pick to draft Sam Perkins.
f  On October 12, 1978, Philadelphia acquired a first-round pick from the L.A. Clippers (as San Diego) in exchange for World B. Free.[44][45] Philadelphia used the pick to draft Charles Barkley.
g  On August 28, 1980, the L.A. Clippers (as San Diego) acquired Phil Smith and a first-round pick from Golden State in exchange for World B. Free.[44][45] The L.A. Clippers used the pick to draft Lancaster Gordon.
h  On August 16, 1978, Philadelphia acquired Bobby Jones, Ralph Simpson and a first-round pick from Denver in exchange for George McGinnis and a 1978 first-round pick.[46] Philadelphia used the pick to draft Leon Wood.
i  On August 18, 1983, the L.A. Clippers (as San Diego) acquired James Donaldson, Greg Kelser, Mark Radford, a first-round pick and a 1985 second-round pick from Seattle in exchange for Tom Chambers, Al Wood, a third-round pick and a 1987 second-round pick.[44][47] The L.A. Clippers used the pick to draft Michael Cage.
j  On September 17, 1983, Indiana acquired Vince Taylor and a first-round pick from New York in a three-team trade with New York and Kansas City.[48] Indiana used the pick to draft Vern Fleming.
k  On August 18, 1983, Portland acquired a second-round pick from Indiana in exchange for Granville Waiters.[49] Previously, Indiana acquired the draft rights to Sidney Lowe and the pick on June 28, 1983 from Chicago in exchange for the draft rights to Mitchell Wiggins.[50] Portland used the pick to draft Victor Fleming.
l  On October 5, 1982, Seattle acquired a second-round pick from Houston in exchange for Wally Walker.[51] Seattle used the pick to draft Cory Blackwell.
m  On February 15, 1983, Indiana acquired Russ Schoene a second-round pick and a 1983 first-round pick from Philadelphia in exchange for Clemon Johnson and a third-round pick.[52] Previously, Philadelphia acquired the pick and a 1983 fourth-round pick on October 27, 1982, from the L.A. Clippers (as San Diego) in exchange for Lionel Hollins.[44][53] Indiana used the pick to draft Stuart Gray.
n  On October 19, 1981, Golden State acquired 1982 and 1984 second-round picks from Washington in exchange for John Lucas.[54] Golden State used the pick to draft Steve Burtt.
o  On February 10, 1983, Detroit a second-round pick and a 1985 third-round pick from San Antonio in exchange for Edgar Jones.[55][56] Detroit used the pick to draft Eric Turner.
p  On August 15, 1980, Portland acquired a second-round pick and a 1983 first-round pick from Denver in exchange for T. R. Dunn and a 1983 first-round pick.[57] Portland used the pick to draft Steve Colter.
q  On July 5, 1983, Washington acquired Tom McMillen and a second-round pick from Atlanta in exchange for Randy Wittman.[58] Previously, Atlanta acquired the pick and a 1985 second-round pick on February 13, 1983, from Detroit in a three-team trade with Detroit and Seattle.[55][59] Previously, Detroit acquired the pick and a 1982 second-round pick on August 26, 1981, from Kansas City in exchange for Larry Drew.[55][60] Washington used the pick to draft Tony Costner.
r  On February 15, 1983, Golden State acquired a second-round pick from Atlanta in exchange for Rickey Brown.[61] Golden State used the pick to draft Othell Wilson.
s  On June 28, 1983, Chicago acquired the draft rights to Ennis Whatley, the draft rights to Chris McNealy and a second-round pick from Kansas City in exchange for Mark Olberding and the draft rights to Larry Micheaux.[62] Previously, Kansas City acquired the pick on June 30, 1982, from Atlanta in exchange for the draft rights to Jim Johnstone.[63] Previously, Atlanta acquired the pick and a 1983 second-round pick on December 2, 1980, from Seattle in exchange for Armond Hill.[64] Chicago used the pick to draft Ben Coleman.
t  On November 25, 1981, Seattle acquired Ray Tolbert and a second-round pick from New Jersey in exchange for James Bailey.[65] Seattle used the pick to draft Danny Young.
u  On September 11, 1980, Dallas acquired a second-round pick and a 1983 second-round pick from Utah in exchange for Billy McKinney.[66] Dallas used the pick to draft Anthony Teachey.
v  On August 12, 1983, Dallas acquired Foots Walker, a second-round pick and a 1985 first-round pick from New Jersey in exchange for Kelvin Ransey.[67] Previously, New Jersey acquired the second-round pick on June 22, 1983 from New York in exchange for Len Elmore.[68] Dallas used the pick to draft Tom Sluby.
w  On June 7, 1984, Denver acquired Wayne Cooper, Lafayette Lever, Calvin Natt, a second-round pick and a 1985 first-round pick from Portland in exchange for Kiki Vandeweghe.[69] Denver used the pick to draft Willie White.
x  On February 15, 1984, Chicago acquired Steve Johnson, a second-round pick and two 1985 second-round picks from Kansas City in exchange for Reggie Theus.[70] Previously, Kansas City acquired Billy Knight and the pick on September 17, 1983 from Indiana in a three-team trade with Indiana and New York.[71][72] Previously, Indiana acquired the pick on September 22, 1982 from Detroit in exchange for Tom Owens.[42] Chicago used the pick to draft Greg Wiltjer.
y  On September 30, 1983, Washington acquired a second-round pick from Milwaukee in exchange for Kevin Grevey.[73] Washington used the pick to draft Fred Reynolds.
z  On November 12, 1983, Golden State acquired a second-round pick from Philadelphia in exchange for Sam Williams.[74] Golden State used the pick to draft Gary Plummer.
aa  On October 8, 1980, Portland acquired a second-round pick from the L.A. Lakers in exchange for Jim Brewer.[75] Portland used the pick to draft Jerome Kersey.
ab  On January 21, 1984, San Antonio acquired a third-round pick from Denver in exchange for Keith Edmonson.[76] San Antonio used the pick to draft Joe Binion.
ac  On March 8, 1984, San Antonio acquired a fourth-round pick from Milwaukee as compensation for the signing of Mike Dunleavy as a free agent.[77] San Antonio used the pick to draft Ozell Jones.
ad  On October 5, 1983, Milwaukee acquired a sixth-round pick from Houston as compensation for the signing of Phil Ford as a free agent.[78] Milwaukee used the pick to draft McKinley Singleton.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ 1: When Hakeem Olajuwon first arrived in the United States in 1981, his first name was incorrectly spelled as "Akeem". He used that spelling until March 9, 1991, when he announced that he would add an H and changed it to "Hakeem", the original Arabic spelling of his name.[10]
^ 2: Hakeem Olajuwon was born in Nigeria, but became a naturalized United States citizen in 1993. He has represented the United States national team.[16]
^ 3: As compensation for the first-round draft picks traded away by the previous owner, Ted Stepien, the Cleveland Cavaliers were awarded extra first-round draft picks in the 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1986 drafts in exchange for cash.[4][79]
^ 4: Even though Tim McCormick was a senior, he had one year of college eligibility remaining and thus had to apply for early entry.[5]
^ 5: Stuart Gray was born in the Panama Canal Zone which was controlled by the United States. He has represented Panama national team.[80]