document_title: England women's national football team

question_text: who is england womens all time leading appearance maker

question_tokens: who is england womens all time leading appearance maker

text: England women's national football team

text: History[edit]

text: Early years[edit]

text: The success of the men's national football team at the 1966 FIFA World Cup led to an upsurge of interest in football from women within England. The Women's Football Association (WFA) was established a few years later in 1969 as an attempt to organise the women's game.[2] That same year, Harry Batt formed an independent English team that competed in the Fédération Internationale Européenne de Football Féminine (FIEFF) European Cup.[3]:43 Batt's team also participated in two FIEFF World Cups held in Italy (1970) and Mexico (1971).[4][5]

text: Following an UEFA recommendation in 1972 for national associations to incorporate the women's game, the Football Association (FA) rescinded its fifty-year ban on women playing on Football League grounds.[6][7]

text: Shortly after, Eric Worthington was tasked by the WFA to assemble an official women's national team. England competed in its first international match against Scotland in Greenock on 18 November 1972, almost 100 years after the first men's international.[2][8]

text: The team overturned a two-goal deficit to defeat their northern opponents by 3 goals to 2, with Sylvia Gore scoring England's first international goal.[9] Tom Tranter replaced Worthington as long term manager of the women's national football team and remained in that position for the next six years.[3]:94

text: 1979–1993: Progress under Reagan[edit]

text: Martin Reagan was appointed to replace Tranter in 1979.[3]:100 England reached the final of the inaugural European Competition for Women's Football, after beating Denmark 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals. Despite resolute defending, including a spectacular goal line clearance from captain Carol Thomas, the England team lost the first away leg 1–0 against Sweden, after a header from Pia Sundhage, but won the second home leg by the same margin, with a goal from Linda Curl.[10] England lost the subsequent penalty shootout 4–3. Theresa Wiseman saved Helen Johansson's penalty but both Curl and Lorraine Hanson had their spot kicks saved by Elisabeth Leidinge.[11]

text: At the 1987 European Competition for Women's Football, England again reached the semi-finals but lost 3–2 after extra time against holders Sweden, in a repeat of the previous final. The team settled for fourth, after losing the third place play off against Italy 2–1.[12]

text: Reagan was sacked after England's 6–1 quarter-final loss against Germany at UEFA Women's Euro 1991, which left them unable to qualify for the inaugural FIFA Women's World Cup. John Bilton was appointed as head coach in 1991 after Barrie Williams's brief tenure.[3]:103–104

text: 1993–1998: FA involvement[edit]

text: In 1993, the FA took over the running of women's football in England from the WFA, replacing Bilton with Ted Copeland as national team manager.[3]:105 England managed to qualify for UEFA Women's Euro 1995, having previously missed out on the last three editions, but were beaten 6–2 on aggregate over two legs against Germany.[13] Reaching the European semi-finals granted England a place at the World Cup for the first time. The team advanced from the group stages of the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup in Sweden, but lost out again to Germany 3–0 in the quarter-finals.[14]

text: 1998–2013: Development under Powell[edit]

text: Hope Powell became the team's first full-time head coach in June 1998, succeeding her former coach Copeland.[15]

text: The European Championship expanded in 1997 to eight teams and moved from a biennial event to a quadrennial one. England qualified via the play offs for the 2001 competition held in Germany, despite recording their biggest loss (away against Norway 8–0) during qualification, but did not advance past the group stages.[16] England automatically qualified as hosts in 2005, but again did not make it to the semi-finals.[17]

text: Qualification for the World Cup changed for the 1999 edition. European qualifiers were introduced, so that teams no longer needed to rely on advancing to the latter stages of the European Championship. England qualified unbeaten for the 2007 World Cup in China, winning Group 5 in the European qualifiers and recording their biggest win (away against Hungary, 13–0) in the process, ending a 12-year hiatus from the competition.[18][19] After coming second in their group, they advanced into the quarter-finals to face the United States but lost 3–0.[20]

text: In May 2009, central contracts were implemented to help players focus on full-time training without having to fit it around full-time employment.[21][22] Three months later, at the European Championships in Finland, England marked their return to the recently expanded twelve team competition by reaching the final for the first time in 25 years. They advanced from Group C to the quarter-finals by virtue of being the top third placed team, beating both the hosts and the Netherlands in the knockout stages on the way to the final. There they lost 6–2 to reigning champions Germany.[23]

text: England reached their third World Cup in 2011, having won Group 5 and their play off 5–2 over two legs against Switzerland.[24][25] In Germany, they topped Group B – ahead of eventual winners Japan.[26]

text: England were paired with France in the quarter-finals, with the match ending in a 1–1 draw. England had taken the lead with Jill Scott's chip, only to have Élise Bussaglia equalise with two minutes remaining. After extra time ended in stalemate, they lost the ensuing penalty shootout 4–3. Karen Bardsley had saved Camille Abily's initial penalty but misses by Claire Rafferty and Faye White sent England out of the competition.[27]

text: Powell left the role in August 2013 after a poor showing at the UEFA Women's Euro 2013, with England bowing out early at the group stages.[15]

text: 2013–present: Recent form[edit]

text: Mark Sampson succeeded Powell as England manager. England qualified for their third successive World Cup in August 2014 with a game to spare, winning all ten matches and topping Group 6.[28]

text: England played their first international match at the new Wembley Stadium, home to the men's national team, in a friendly against the reigning European champions Germany on 23 November 2014. England had not played Germany since their heavy defeat in the European Championship final five years earlier. They lost the match 3–0, marking the 20th attempt at which England had failed to record an official win over Germany.[29][30]

text: 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup[edit]

text: At the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada, England lost their opening group game to France 1–0 in Moncton, with a long range goal from French midfielder Eugenie Le Sommer in the first half, however Mark Sampson praised the performance, despite criticism from the media. England then won their remaining group games against Mexico and Colombia, easing through to the last 16 to play 1995 champions Norway. After a scoreless first half, Norway managed to score first through Solveig Gulbrandsen's header off a corner kick, but England rallied as captain Steph Houghton answered with a header of her own off a corner and Lucy Bronze fired in a powerful long-range strike to give England a 2–1 win. It marked England's first-ever knockout stage win at a Women's World Cup and a ticket to the quarterfinals to face host nation Canada.

text: Despite facing not only a strong Canadian team but a capacity partisan crowd at BC Place in Vancouver, England took control with two quick goals from Jodie Taylor's finish off a mistake from Lauren Sesselmann and Bronze's header off the crossbar from a free kick. Christine Sinclair managed to score a goal back for Canada, but it was not enough for the hosts and England progressed to the semifinals of the Women's World Cup for the first time in their history, becoming the first England team of any gender to reach a World Cup semi final since the England men's team at the 1990 World Cup in Italy, which had included Paul Gascoigne and Gary Lineker in addition to Sir Bobby Robson as coach.

text: England played reigning World Cup holders Japan in Edmonton, and they managed to impose themselves physically very well on Japan, however they conceded a penalty kick, and Aya Miyama of Japan converted it past Karen Bardsley. Replays showed the foul was committed outside the penalty area, and it should have been a free kick. Just a couple of minutes later, Japan conceded a penalty as Yuki Ogimi clipped Steph Houghton's left heel, although the contact seemed slight, and Fara Williams slotted it past Ayumi Kaihori to level the game. However, in the last minute of the game, Laura Bassett scored an own goal to send Japan through to the final. Bassett broke down in tears, along with other members of the England team. These images were compared to that of Gascoigne in 1990, when he cried after he was booked, and ultimately England were eliminated on penalties against West Germany; about the own goal, it was considered as a replay of Colombia's Andrés Escobar's infamous own goal during the 1994 FIFA World Cup held in the United States, which had led to Colombia losing 1–2 to the US, crashing out of the tournament and Escobar being murdered.[31] Immediate reaction was tremendously supportive towards Bassett and Mark Sampson called her a hero and one of his best players throughout the tournament.[32] Support also came from the football community for Bassett and England from American counterparts Mia Hamm, Julie Foudy and Brandi Chastain – all members of the famous team that won the 1999 Women's World Cup as hosts – as well as opposite numbers from the England men's team and FA management including captain Wayne Rooney, Jack Wilshere, Rio Ferdinand, Gary Lineker, Glenn Hoddle and FA president Prince William.[citation needed]

text: England eventually finished in third place by beating Germany for the first time in 21 meetings, 1–0, after Lianne Sanderson won a penalty off a Tabea Kemme foul in the 108th minute that Williams converted past German captain and keeper Nadine Angerer.[33] It not only gave them the bronze medal and the best placing of any European team in the tournament but also marked the best performance by a senior English team, male or female, since an England men's team coached by Sir Alf Ramsey and including Bobby Charlton and Bobby Moore had famously won the 1966 World Cup as hosts. In the process, England also denied a podium finish for Angerer and coach Silvia Neid – the two remaining pieces from the German teams that had won consecutive Women's World Cups in 2003 in the United States and 2007 in China – in their final World Cup.

text: It is hoped that the victorious 2015 campaign will usher in more success for women's football in England with the FA WSL and even more players playing the game, in a similar fashion to the 2012 Summer Olympics plus the FA Women's Cup final between Chelsea Ladies and Notts County Ladies being played at Wembley Stadium for the very first time. At the beginning of the tournament, Houghton said the team wanted to "inspire a nation", and English fans spoke of being revitalized by the Lionesses' success, as the men's team had crashed out of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil at the group stage following losses to Italy and Uruguay.[34]

text: Competitive record[edit]

text: World Cup[edit]

text: England have qualified for the FIFA Women's World Cup four times (1995, 2007, 2011, 2015) and failed to qualify for three competitions (1991, 1999, 2003). The England team reached the quarter final stage on three occasions, losing out to Germany in 1995, the United States in 2007 and France on penalties in 2011. In 2015, however, England earned the bronze medal for the first time, under Mark Sampson, by beating Germany in the third place play-off.

text:
World Cup finals

Year
Result
GP
W
D*
L
GF
GA
GD

 1991
Did not qualify
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 1995
Quarter-finals
4
2
0
2
6
9
−3

 1999
Did not qualify
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 2003
Did not qualify
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 2007
Quarter-finals
4
1
2
1
8
6
+2

 2011
Quarter-finals
4
2
2
0
6
3
+3

 2015
Third Place
7
5
0
2
10
7
+3

 2019
To be determined

Total
4/7
19
10
4
5
30
25
+5

text: European Championship[edit]

text: England first entered the UEFA Women's Championship in 1984, reaching the final that year and in 2009. The team have reached the semi-finals on three other occasions (1989, 1995, 2017), but failed to make it out of the group stages in three other editions (2001, 2005, 2013). England did not qualify in 1989, 1991, 1993 and 1997.

text:
Year
Result
GP
W
D*
L
GF
GA

No Host 1984
Runners-up
4
3
0
1
4
2

 1987
Fourth Place
2
0
0
2
3
5

 1989
Did not qualify
–
–
–
–
–
–

 1991
Did not qualify
–
–
–
–
–
–

 1993
Did not qualify
–
–
–
–
–
–

1995
Semi-Finals
2
0
0
2
2
6

  1997
Did not qualify
–
–
–
–
–
–

 2001
Group Stage
3
0
1
2
1
8

 2005
Group Stage
3
1
0
2
4
5

 2009
Runners-up
6
3
1
2
12
14

 2013
Group Stage
3
0
1
2
3
7

 2017
Semi-Finals
5
4
0
1
11
4

Total
8/12
28
11
3
14
40
51

text: Olympic Games[edit]

text: England do not participate in the Women's Olympic Football Tournament, as the country does not have its own National Olympic Committee (NOC). Members of its team have played for the Great Britain women's Olympic football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Since England falls under the jurisdiction of the British Olympic Association, remit for an Olympic football team requires support from all four Home Nation associations. The Scottish Football Association (SFA), the Football Association of Wales (FAW) and the Irish Football Association (IFA) have all previously objected to the premise over fears that the team would erode the independence of their individual football associations.[35]

text: Minor tournaments[edit]

text:
Year
Round
Position
GP
W
D*
L
GS
GA

 1976 Pony Home Championship
Winners, group stage
1st
2
2
0
0
9
1

 1969 Unofficial European Championship
Third Place
3rd
2
1
0
1
5
4

 1979 Unofficial European Championship
Semi Final
4th
4
2
1
1
6
4

 1981 Mundialito
Group Stage
3rd
2
1
0
1
4
1

 1984 Mundialito
Semi Final
3rd
4
0
2
2
3
6

 1985 Mundialito
Winners
1st
2
3
1
1
13
5

 1988 Mundialito
Winners
1st
4
3
1
0
8
2

 1990 North America Cup
Group Stage
3rd
4
1
1
2
3
7

 2002 Algarve Cup
Group Stage
9th
4
1
0
3
8
12

 2005 Algarve Cup
Group Stage
8th
4
3
1
0
13
0

 2007 Four Nations Tournament
Group Stage
4th
3
0
2
1
3
0

 2009 Cyprus Cup
Winners
1st
4
3
1
0
14
3

 2010 Cyprus Cup
Group Stage
5th
4
2
1
1
6
5

 2010 Peace Queen Cup
Group Stage
2nd
2
0
2
0
0
0

 2011 Cyprus Cup
Group Stage
5th
4
2
0
2
4
4

 2012 Cyprus Cup
Group Stage
4th
4
2
0
2
5
7

 2013 Cyprus Cup
Winners
1st
4
3
1
0
12
7

 2014 Cyprus Cup
Final
2nd
4
3
0
1
7
2

 2015 Cyprus Cup
Winners
1st
4
3
1
0
8
2

 2016 SheBelieves Cup
Group Stage
3rd
3
0
1
2
1
3

 2017 SheBelieves Cup
Group Stage
3rd
3
1
0
2
2
3

 2018 SheBelieves Cup
Runners up
2nd
3
1
1
1
6
4

Total

6 titles
72
36
17
22
135
78

text: Team[edit]

text: Current squad[edit]

text: The following 23 players were named to the squad for matches against  Wales and  Bosnia and Herzegovina in April 2018.[36][37][38]

text: Caps and goals are updated as of 8 March 2018 after the match against  United States.

text: Head coach: Phil Neville

text:
0#0
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club

1GK
Karen Bardsley
(1984-10-14) 14 October 1984 (age 33)
73
0
 Manchester City

1GK
Mary Earps
(1993-03-07) 7 March 1993 (age 25)
1
0
 Reading

1GK
Carly Telford
(1987-07-07) 7 July 1987 (age 30)
9
0
 Chelsea

2DF
Lucy Bronze
(1991-10-28) 28 October 1991 (age 26)
55
6
 Lyon

2DF
Rachel Daly
(1991-12-06) 6 December 1991 (age 26)
9
1
 Houston Dash

2DF
Gabrielle George
(1997-02-02) 2 February 1997 (age 21)
0
0
 Everton

2DF
Alex Greenwood
(1993-09-07) 7 September 1993 (age 24)
27
2
 Liverpool

2DF
Steph Houghton (captain)
(1988-04-23) 23 April 1988 (age 29)
86
9
 Manchester City

2DF
Abbie McManus
(1993-01-14) 14 January 1993 (age 25)
3
0
 Manchester City

2DF
Demi Stokes
(1991-12-12) 12 December 1991 (age 26)
47
1
 Manchester City

3MF
Isobel Christiansen
(1991-09-20) 20 September 1991 (age 26)
24
5
 Manchester City

3MF
Fran Kirby
(1993-06-29) 29 June 1993 (age 24)
29
10
 Chelsea

3MF
Jade Moore
(1990-10-22) 22 October 1990 (age 27)
37
1
 Reading

3MF
Jordan Nobbs
(1992-12-08) 8 December 1992 (age 25)
41
5
 Arsenal

3MF
Keira Walsh
(1997-04-08) 8 April 1997 (age 20)
4
0
 Manchester City

3MF
Fara Williams
(1984-01-25) 25 January 1984 (age 34)
168
40
 Reading

3MF
Leah Williamson
(1997-03-29) 29 March 1997 (age 21)
0
0
 Arsenal

4FW
Toni Duggan
(1991-07-25) 25 July 1991 (age 26)
57
18
 Barcelona

4FW
Melissa Lawley
(1994-04-28) 28 April 1994 (age 23)
6
1
 Manchester City

4FW
Beth Mead
(1995-05-09) 9 May 1995 (age 22)
0
0
 Arsenal

4FW
Nikita Parris
(1994-03-10) 10 March 1994 (age 24)
21
8
 Manchester City

4FW
Jodie Taylor
(1986-05-17) 17 May 1986 (age 31)
35
16
 Seattle Reign FC

4FW
Ellen White
(1989-05-09) 9 May 1989 (age 28)
71
24
 Birmingham City

text: Recent callups[edit]

text: The following players have also been called up to the England squad within the last twelve months.

text:
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club
Latest call-up

GK
Siobhan Chamberlain
(1983-08-15) 15 August 1983 (age 34)
50
0
 Liverpool
2018 SheBelieves Cup

GK
Sophie Baggaley
(1996-11-29) 29 November 1996 (age 21)
0
0
 Bristol City
v.  Austria, 10 April 2017

DF
Hannah Blundell
(1994-05-25) 25 May 1994 (age 23)
1
0
 Chelsea
v.  Wales, 6 April 2018 PRE

DF
Millie Bright
(1993-08-21) 21 August 1993 (age 24)
21
0
 Chelsea
v.  Wales, 6 April 2018 PRE

DF
Anita Asante
(1985-04-27) 27 April 1985 (age 32)
70
2
 Chelsea
2018 SheBelieves Cup

DF
Gemma Bonner
(1991-07-13) 13 July 1991 (age 26)
9
1
 Liverpool
Training camp, January 2018

DF
Jessica Carter
(1997-10-27) 27 October 1997 (age 20)
0
0
 Birmingham City
Training camp, January 2018

DF
Gilly Flaherty
(1991-08-24) 24 August 1991 (age 26)
9
0
 Chelsea
Training camp, January 2018

DF
Casey Stoney
(1982-05-13) 13 May 1982 (age 35)
129
6
Retired
v.  Bosnia and Herzegovina, 24 November 2017 PRE

DF
Laura Bassett
(1983-08-02) 2 August 1983 (age 34)
61
2
 Canberra United
v.  Russia, 19 September 2017

DF
Alex Scott RET
(1984-10-14) 14 October 1984 (age 33)
138
12
 Arsenal
UEFA Women's Euro 2017

MF
Jill Scott
(1987-02-02) 2 February 1987 (age 31)
129
18
 Manchester City
v.  Wales, 6 April 2018 PRE

MF
Georgia Stanway
(1999-01-03) 3 January 1999 (age 19)
0
0
 Manchester City
2018 SheBelieves Cup

MF
Jo Potter
(1984-11-13) 13 November 1984 (age 33)
31
3
 Reading
Training camp, January 2018

MF
Drew Spence
(1992-10-23) 23 October 1992 (age 25)
1
0
 Chelsea
Training camp, January 2018

FW
Karen Carney
(1987-08-01) 1 August 1987 (age 30)
128
31
 Chelsea
2018 SheBelieves Cup PRE

FW
Danielle Carter
(1993-05-18) 18 May 1993 (age 24)
3
6
 Arsenal
Training camp, January 2018

text: Notes:

text:
PRE = Preliminary squad
RET = Retired from international duty

text: Records[edit]

text: Carol Thomas was the first player to reach 50 caps in 1985, before retiring from representative football later that year, having amassed 56 caps. Fara Williams holds the record for England appearances, having played 165 times since 2001. She overtook previous record holder Rachel Yankey in August 2014, in a friendly against Sweden.[39] Yankey had passed Gillian Coultard's 119 record England women caps in September 2012, in a European qualifying match against Croatia, and Peter Shilton's 125 record England international caps in June 2013, in a friendly against Japan.[40] Alex Scott is currently the second highest capped female England player with 140 caps, followed by Karen Carney with 132 and Casey Stoney with 130. Rachel Yankey has the fifth highest number of England caps.

text: Kelly Smith has scored the highest number of goals for England, with 46 over a twenty-year international career. She surpassed Karen Walker's 40 goal record in September 2010, in a World Cup qualifying play off against Switzerland.[41]

text: Most capped players[edit]

text:
#
Name
Caps
Goals
Years
Ref

1
Williams, FaraFara Williams
165
40
2001–present
[42]

2
Scott, AlexAlex Scott
140
12
2004–2017
[43]

3
Carney, KarenKaren Carney
132
31
2005–present
[44]

4
Stoney, CaseyCasey Stoney
130
6
2000–2018
[45]

5
Yankey, RachelRachel Yankey
129
19
1997–present
[46]

text: Top goalscorers[edit]

text:
#
Name
Caps
Goals
Years
Ref

1
Smith, KellyKelly Smith
117
46
1995–2015
[47]

2
Walker, KarenKaren Walker
83
40
1988–2003
[48]

2
Williams, FaraFara Williams
162
40
2001–present
[42]

4
Powell, HopeHope Powell
66
35
1983–1998
[49]

5
Aluko, EniolaEniola Aluko
102
33
2004–2016
[50]

text: Captains[edit]

text:
Player
Year

Sheila Parker
1972–1976

Carol Thomas (née McCune)
1976–1985

Debbie Bampton
1985–1991

Gillian Coultard
1991–1995

Debbie Bampton
1995–1997

Gillian Coultard
1997–2000

Mo Marley
2000–2001

Tara Proctor
2001

Karen Walker
2002

Faye White
2002–2012

Casey Stoney
2012–2014

Steph Houghton
2014–present

text: Recent schedule and results[edit]

text:
22 January 2017 Friendly
England
0–1
 Norway
[show]La Manga Club, Spain

17:00

Box
Hegerberg  26'
Stadium: La Manga Stadium

text:
24 January 2017 Friendly
England
0–0
 Sweden
[show]San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain

17:00

Box

Stadium: Pinatar Arena

text:
1 March 2017 SheBelieves Cup
England
1–2
 France
[show]Chester, Pennsylvania, United States

21:00
Nobbs  32'
Report
Delie  80'
Renard  90+5'
Stadium: Talen Energy Stadium
Attendance: 8,616
Referee: Melissa Borjas

text:
4 March 2017 SheBelieves Cup
United States
0–1
 England
[show]Harrison, New Jersey, United States

22:00

Report
White  89'
Stadium: Red Bull Arena
Attendance: 25,000
Referee: Quetzalli Alvarado Godínez

text:
7 March 2017 SheBelieves Cup
England
0–1
 Germany
[show]Washington, D.C., United States

21:00

Report
Anja Mittag  44'
Stadium: RFK Stadium
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Michelle Pye (Canada)

text:
7 April 2017 Friendly
England
1–1
 Italy
[show]Stoke-on-Trent

19:45
Taylor  70'
Report
Cernoia  73'
Stadium: Vale Park
Attendance: 7,181
Referee: Morag Pirie (Scotland)

text:
10 April 2017 Friendly
England
3–0
 Austria
[show]Milton Keynes

19:45
White  5'
Bronze  67'
Christiansen  85'
Report

Stadium: Stadium mk

text:
10 June 2017 Friendly
Switzerland
0–4
 England
[show]Biel, Switzerland

17:15

Report
Nobbs  30'
Kirby  40'
Taylor  50', 62'
Stadium: Tissot Arena

text:
1 July 2017 (2017-07-01) Friendly
Denmark
1–2
 England
[show]Copenhagen, Denmark

18:00
Harder  66'
Report
White  44', 76'
Stadium: Gladsaxe Stadium
Referee: Sara Persson (Sweden)

text:
19 July 2017 Euro 2017 – GS
England
6–0
 Scotland
[show]Utrecht, Netherlands

19:45

Taylor  10', 26', 53'
White  32'
Nobbs  87'
Duggan  90'+4'

Report

Stadium: Stadion Galgenwaard
Attendance: 5,578
Referee: Esther Staubli (Switzerland)

text:
23 July 2017 Euro 2017 – GS
England
2–0
 Spain
[show]Breda, Netherlands

19:45
Kirby  2'
Taylor  85'
Report

Stadium: Rat Verlegh Stadion
Attendance: 4,879
Referee: Carina Vitulano (Italy)

text:
27 July 2017 Euro 2017 – GS
Portugal
1–2
 England
[show]Tilburg, Netherlands

19:45
C. Mendes  17'
Report
Duggan  7'
Parris  48'
Stadium: Koning Willem II Stadion
Attendance: 3,335
Referee: Kateryna Monzul (Ukraine)

text:
30 July 2017 Euro 2017 – QF
England
1–0
 France
[show]Deventer, Netherlands

20:45
Taylor  60'
Report

Stadium: De Adelaarshorst,
Attendance: 6,283
Referee: Esther Staubli (Switzerland)

text:
3 August 2017 Euro 2017 – SF
Netherlands
3–0
 England
[show]Enschede, Netherlands

20:45

Stadium: De Grolsch Veste
Attendance: 27,093
Referee: Stéphanie Frappart (France)

text:
19 September 2017 WCQ-G1
England
6–0
 Russia
[show]Birkenhead, England

19:00

Parris  11'
Taylor  14'
Nobbs  36'
Bronze  44'
Duggan  57', 84'

Report

Stadium: Prenton Park
Attendance: 7,047
Referee: Stéphanie Frappart (France)

text:
20 October 2017 Friendly
France
1–0
 England
[show]Valenciennes, France

19:50 BST

Stadium: Stade du Hainaut

text:
24 November 2017 WCQ-G1
England
4–0
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
[show]Walsall, England

20:05

Houghton  19'  54'
Parris  46'
Kirby (83 p)

Report

Stadium: Bescot Stadium
Referee: Ewa Augustyn (Poland)

text:
28 November 2017 WCQ-G1
England
5–0
 Kazakhstan
[show]Colchester, England

20:05

Lawley  15'
Kirby  64' (pen.)
Parris  69', 75'
Christiansen  76'

Report

Stadium: Colchester Community Stadium
Referee: Lois Otte (Belgium)

text:
1 March 2018 SheBelieves Cup
England
4–1
 France
[show]Columbus, Ohio, United States

21:00 ET
Duggan  7'
Scott  28'
Taylor  39'
Kirby  46'
Report
Thiney  77'
Stadium: Mapfre Stadium
Attendance: 7,566
Referee: Christina Unkel (United States)

text:
4 March 2018 SheBelieves Cup
Germany
2–2
 England
[show]Harrison, New Jersey, United States

20:00 ET
Kayikçi  17'
Bright  51' (o.g.)
Report
White  18', 73'
Stadium: Red Bull Arena
Attendance: 7,882
Referee: Karen Abt (United States)

text:
8 March 2018 SheBelieves Cup
United States
1–0
 England
[show]Orlando, Florida, United States

18:00 ET
Bardsley  58' (o.g.)
Report

Stadium: Orlando City Stadium
Attendance: 12,351
Referee: Carol Anne Chenard (Canada)

text:
6 April 2018 WCQ-G1
England
v
 Wales
[show]Southampton, England

Report

Stadium: St Mary's Stadium

text:
10 April 2018 WCQ-G1
Bosnia and Herzegovina
v
 England
[show]TBA, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Report

text:
8 June 2018 WCQ-G1
Russia
v
 England
[show]TBA, Russia

Report


document_title: American Horror Story: Cult

question_text: american horror story cult episode 9 release date

root

text: American Horror Story: Cult

text: Plot[edit]

text: The fictional city of Brookfield Heights, Michigan is left divided by the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Local restaurant owner Ally Mayfair-Richards (Sarah Paulson) is utterly distraught by Donald Trump's victory and several of her longstanding phobias, including coulrophobia, hemophobia, and trypophobia, intensify as a result. Similarly devastated is fellow Brookfield Heights resident Winter Anderson (Billie Lourd), a liberal young woman who dropped out of college to work on Hillary Clinton's campaign. Contrarily, Winter's estranged and manipulative brother, Kai (Evan Peters), rejoices at the election results and is enticed to pursue political power.

tag: p

text: In the months following the election, Ally is targeted and relentlessly terrorized by masked clowns. Those close to her, including her psychiatrist, Dr. Rudy Vincent (Cheyenne Jackson), struggle to ascertain whether the attacks she alleges are real or merely anxiety-fueled hallucinations. Ally's paranoia and turmoil, escalated by suspicious activities perpetrated by new neighbors Harrison (Billy Eichner) and Meadow Wilton (Leslie Grossman), hinder her relationships with her wife (Alison Pill) and her son (Cooper Dodson).

text: Depictions of true cults, including the Peoples Temple and the Manson Family, mirror the affairs of a fledgling Brookfield Heights extremist group comprised of individuals fed up with the political climate of the United States. Broadcast newscaster Beverly Hope's (Adina Porter) intensive coverage of the brutal atrocities executed by this group further divides the citizens of Brookfield Heights.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Sarah Paulson as Ally Mayfair-Richards and Susan Atkins
Evan Peters as Kai Anderson, Andy Warhol, Marshall Applewhite, David Koresh, Jim Jones, Jesus, and Charles Manson
Cheyenne Jackson as Dr. Rudy Vincent
Billie Lourd as Winter Anderson and Linda Kasabian
Alison Pill as Ivy Mayfair-Richards

tag: ul

text: Special guest stars[edit]

text:
Billy Eichner as Harrison Wilton and Charles "Tex" Watson
Emma Roberts as Serena Belinda
Mare Winningham as Sally Keffler
Lena Dunham as Valerie Solanas
Frances Conroy as Bebe Babbitt

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Adina Porter as Beverly Hope
Colton Haynes as Detective Jack Samuels
Leslie Grossman as Meadow Wilton and Patricia Krenwinkel
Chaz Bono as Gary Longstreet
Cooper Dodson as Ozymandias "Oz" Mayfair-Richards
Dermot Mulroney as Bob Thompson
Cameron Cowperthwaite as Speedwagon

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Tim Kang as Tom Chang
John Carroll Lynch as Twisty the Clown
Jorge-Luis Pallo as Pedro Morales
Zack Ward as Roger
Laura Allen as Rosie
Ron Melendez as Mark
James Morosini as R.J.
Dot-Marie Jones as Butchy May
Jamie Brewer as Hedda
Rick Springfield as Pastor Charles
Rachel Roberts as Sharon Tate
Dennis Cockrum as Herbert Jackson
Annie Ilonzeh as Erika

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

74
1
"Election Night"
Bradley Buecker
Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
7ATS01
3.93[1]

Ally and Ivy are a married couple who have a son named Oz. Ally suffers from several phobias which intensify after learning that Donald Trump has won the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Her psychiatrist, Dr. Rudy Vincent, recommends a medicine to calm her phobia-induced anxiety. Clowns soon start to stalk Ally. Meanwhile, Kai and Winter are two siblings who make a mysterious pact after Trump becomes president. Winter becomes Oz's nanny and attempts to desensitize him to violence. Kai entices a group of Hispanic men to beat him up. Ally and Ivy's neighbors, the Changs, are slaughtered by a group of clowns. The police erroneously rule the incident as a murder–suicide. Mr. Chang's death leaves a city council seat vacant.

75
2
"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark"
Liza Johnson
Tim Minear
September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)
7ATS02
2.38[2]

Kai campaigns for the vacant seat on city council. Ally distrusts the new occupants of the Chang's former home, Harrison and Meadow Wilton. At Ally and Ivy's restaurant, the Butchery on Main, tensions fuel between the sous-chef, Roger, and a Hispanic employee, Pedro. Later, the restaurant's security system trips and Ally investigates. She finds Roger hanging on a hook in the meat locker. Detective Samuels singles out Pedro as the most likely suspect. Ally obtains a gun from the Wiltons. Later on, there is an alleged power shortage in the city and Ally is terrorized by clowns. Ivy sends Pedro to deliver supplies to the house and he is accidentally shot and killed by Ally.

76
3
"Neighbors from Hell"
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
James Wong
September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
7ATS03
2.25[3]

Clowns break into a couple's home and entomb them in coffins. Picketers protest Pedro's death outside of the Butchery on Main. Kai promises Ally that he will dissuade them and he delivers. The Wiltons berate Ally for Pedro's death and gift Oz a guinea pig. A truck, dispersing a mysterious green gas throughout the neighborhood, disturbs Ally. Oz's guinea pig is microwaved and killed. Ally suspects the Wiltons to be the perpetrators. She assaults Harrison and threatens Meadow. Footage of Ally being seduced by Winter is posted online, devastating Ivy. The Wiltons are individually interrogated by Kai. Harrison expresses his desire for Meadow's death. Afterwards, Meadow disappears and Harrison blames Ally.

77
4
"11/9"
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
John J. Gray
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
7ATS04
2.13[4]

The day before the election, Ivy attends a political rally where she is groped by a man named Gary. Winter comes to Ivy's defense and the two have lunch together. That night, Ivy and Winter kidnap Gary and chain him to a pole in an abandoned building to prevent him from voting the next day. Kai comes to Gary's aid one hour before the polls close and offers him a saw. Gary severs off his chained hand. The day after the election, Harrison becomes Kai's personal trainer. Kai takes Harrison under his wing and eventually convinces him to murder his degrading boss. Later, Kai takes a special interest in a news reporter named Beverly Hope and offers her "equal power" in his quest for domination. He instigates the murder of her rival, Serena Belinda, as proof of his dedication to her.

78
5
"Holes"
Maggie Kiley
Crystal Liu
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
7ATS05
2.20[5]

Beverly informs Kai that her boss, Bob, is compromising news coverage of the clown murders and thereby hindering Kai's campaign. Kai, Beverly, Winter, Harrison, Detective Samuels, Ivy, Gary, and Beverly's cameraman, RJ, don clown masks, break into Bob's house, and film his murder. Beverly later advises Kai to cut ties with RJ whom she views as a weak link. Each cult member shoots a tied-up RJ in the head with a nail gun before Kai finishes him off. Meadow pleads to Ally for safety from the cult and lets it slip that Ivy is a member. Beverly probes Kai about the whereabouts of his parents and Kai divulges that his mom shot his dad and then herself in a murder–suicide. Kai's brother, Dr. Rudy Vincent, insisted that they cover up their deaths in order to protect his career and continue receiving their mom's pension and their dad's disability checks.

79
6
"Mid-Western Assassin"
Bradley Buecker
Todd Kubrak
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
7ATS06
2.15[6]

Meadow reveals to Ally that she had fallen in love with Kai and decided to desert the cult when her feelings were not reciprocated. Meadow also tells Ally that the cult has made strides to drive her insane so that Ivy would gain sole custody of Oz. Ally plans to use Meadow's testimony to expose Kai and pays an opposing candidate of his, Sally Keffler, a visit to ask for her help. In the midst of their conversation, the cult breaks into Sally's house and Kai shoots her in the chest. He stages her murder as a suicide. The next day, at a political rally, Meadow shoots several people, including Kai. Ally attempts to wrestle the gun out of Meadow's hands and Meadow shoots herself in the mouth. Ally is arrested after a SWAT team arrives to the scene and finds her with the gun in her hands. Kai had ordered Meadow to attempt to assassinate him so that his figure would be elevated to a national level. In addition, Meadow was instructed to bear witness to Ally on the grounds that no one would believe a "crazy woman".

80
7
"Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag"
Rachel Goldberg
Crystal Liu
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
7ATS07
2.07[7]

Ally is sent to a psychiatric hospital. Kai wins the vacant seat on city council. His presence in the national media attracts an underground following of misogynistic militiamen. Beverly, Winter, and Ivy are warned by Bebe Babbitt, the former lover of radical feminist Valerie Solanas, about the danger of putting their trust in Kai. Bebe asserts that men in power always push women aside. She divulges to them that Solanas orchestrated the murders accredited to the Zodiac Killer. Solanas died haunted by the fact that her legacy would be tied with her shooting of Andy Warhol. Later, Beverly, Winter, and Ivy murder Harrison for making a sexist comment. Kai and Bebe watch Beverly report on Harrison’s death together.

81
8
"Winter of Our Discontent"
Barbara Brown
Joshua Green
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
7ATS08
2.06[8]

Winter assures Beverly and Ivy that Kai is dependable and recounts an occasion in which they saved tortured captives of a deranged pastor. Kai’s proposal that Winter be impregnated with the "messiah" by Samuels does not go as planned and Samuels later attempts to rape Winter. She shoots him in the head. In the meantime, Ally is released from the psychiatric hospital and, in an effort to get her son back, informs Kai that Vincent is seeking to get him committed. Kai kills Vincent and confines Beverly, having been blamed for the death of Samuels by Winter, to an isolation chamber. Ally joins the cult, much to the dismay of Ivy.

82
9
"Drink the Kool-Aid"
Angela Bassett
Adam Penn
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
7ATS09
1.48[9]

Kai declares his intention to run for Senate. Later, he requires each cult member to drink presumably poisoned Kool-Aid to test their loyalty. He reveals that the drinks were untainted afterwards. Meanwhile, Ally serves Ivy pasta and wine laced with arsenic and Ivy drops dead. As a means to protect Oz from harm, Ally presents to Kai doctored evidence that his sperm inseminated her when she became pregnant.

83
10
"Charles (Manson) in Charge"
Bradley Buecker
Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
7ATS10
1.82[10]

Kai recounts the Tate murders to the militiamen. Afterwards, he begins to suspect that a mole has infiltrated the cult and slips into a state of manic paranoia which plagues him with visions of Charles Manson. Meanwhile, Bebe Babbitt is incensed by Kai’s failing to implement their master plan: to unleash female rage with an inflammatory political platform. Ally shoots Bebe in the head after she pulls a gun on Kai. After reporting on the murder of Gary, enacted by the cult at a local Planned Parenthood, a broken Beverly is urged by Winter to run away. Beverly insists that she remain loyal to Kai. Kai later tearfully strangles Winter to death after Ally singles her out as the mole. Ally takes notice of the real mole, militiaman Speedwagon.

84
11
"Great Again"
Jennifer Lynch
Tim Minear
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
7ATS11
1.97[11]

A SWAT team storms the Anderson basement on the night that the cult intends to massacre one-hundred pregnant women. Months later, Ally divulges to Beverly that the FBI recruited her as an informant. Beverly becomes a key advisor to Ally’s Michigan Senate campaign. Kai escapes from a maximum security prison and infiltrates a televised political debate between Ally and her opponent. Kai misogynistically tirades and points a gun to Ally’s head. He pulls the trigger just to discover that the gun isn't loaded. Beverly then shoots him dead. Ally obtains the vast majority of the female vote and wins a Senate seat. The season concludes as Ally tucks Oz into bed, dons an emerald SCUM cloak, and departs to attend a meeting with a group of “empowered women who want to change the system”.

tag: table

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On October 4, 2016, the series was renewed for a seventh cycle, which premiered on September 5, 2017.[12][13][14] Ryan Murphy confirmed that the season will be connected to Freak Show, but will be set in modern day.[15] In February 2017, on Watch What Happens Live, Murphy announced that the season would revolve around the 2016 U.S. election and suggested that it may feature a character based on President Donald Trump.[16] Murphy has said that the season will be representative of both sides of the political divide. He also said that he will be "illuminating and highlighting" groups of people he believes to be "ignored by the current [Trump] administration and who are afraid and feel terrorized that their lives are going to be taken away."[17]

text: It was later confirmed that the season would be set in the aftermath of the presidential election, with the first episode taking place on election night.[18][19] Murphy explained it will be about "the fallout of that night, which to many people, from all sides of the camps is a horror story."[20] He also revealed the season will not feature Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton, stating "Horror Story is always about allegory, so the election is allegory."[20] In April 2017, Murphy confirmed that archive footage of the election night would be used in the season premiere.[21]

text: Murphy revealed via Twitter that the details of the seventh season, including the title, would be revealed on July 20.[22] He also teased that the opening sequence of the series would return in this season, following its absence in Roanoke.[23]

text: On July 20, 2017, it was announced at the San Diego Comic-Con that the title of the season would be Cult. Murphy also revealed it would be set in Michigan, and confirmed it would consist of a total of 11 episodes, premiering on September 5, 2017. For the first time, the series will not air on Wednesdays but rather on Tuesdays. On August 3, 2017, online posters revealed the names of multiple characters of the season.[24] On August 21, 2017, the opening title sequence of the season was revealed, following its absence in the previous season.[25] That same month, Murphy confirmed that, contrary to the past seasons, Cult would not feature supernatural elements.[26]

text: Casting[edit]

text: During the Winter 2017 TCA Press Tour, series mainstays Sarah Paulson and Evan Peters were reported to be starring as the leads in the season.[15][14] In March 2017, Billy on the Street host Billy Eichner was announced to be cast in the series, playing a role in the life of Paulson's character.[19][27] His character is slated for appearing in "six or seven" episodes.[19] The next month, it was reported that Scream Queens alum Billie Lourd will also star in the seventh installment of the series.[18][20] In May 2017, Leslie Grossman, who starred in Murphy's series Popular, joined the cast of the series,[28] and Angela Bassett hinted she may return in a recurring role.[29] Later that month, it was confirmed via set pictures that Adina Porter and Cheyenne Jackson were also returning.[30][31] In June 2017, Murphy confirmed via his Instagram account that Colton Haynes, whom Murphy worked with previously on second season of Scream Queens, was joining the casting for the seventh season.[32] Later that month, set pictures revealed that Alison Pill was joining the cast of the season, seemingly portraying the partner of Sarah Paulson's character.[33] In July 2017, Murphy revealed via his Twitter account that Lena Dunham was joining the season.[34] She is set to play Valerie Solanas, author of the SCUM Manifesto and attempted murder of Andy Warhol, via flashbacks.[35] Murphy also confirmed the returns of Frances Conroy and Mare Winningham. Conroy has appeared in all the seasons except Hotel, while Winningham has appeared in Coven, Freak Show and Hotel.[36] In August 2017, Murphy confirmed the return of Emma Roberts, who appeared in Coven and Freak Show,[37] while Roanoke actors Chaz Bono and James Morosini also confirmed their returns.[38] In the seventh episode, Murder House, Coven and Freak Show actress alum Jamie Brewer returned to the show.

text: On June 26, 2017, it was confirmed that Lady Gaga would not return for the seventh season due to other projects.[39] Despite rumors, Entertainment Weekly reported on July 7, 2017, that Vera Farmiga, sister of American Horror Story alum Taissa Farmiga, would not appear in the season.[40] Later that month, it was confirmed by The Hollywood Reporter that Kathy Bates will not appear in Cult, after four seasons of regular appearances.[41]

text: Murphy also revealed via his Instagram account that Freak Show character Twisty the Clown would return in the seventh season, indicating that John Carroll Lynch would reprise his role.[42]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In February 2017, it was announced the season would begin principal photography in June 2017.[16] By the next month, filming was moved to May 2017.[19] On May 24, 2017, writer and producer John J. Gray confirmed the show started filming.[43]

text: Edits[edit]

text: On October 7, 2017, it was confirmed that the sixth episode of the season would be edited as a direct result of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting that occurred on October 1, 2017. The episode originally featured a scene lasting 2 minutes and 16 seconds where Leslie Grossman's character Meadow Wilton begins to fire at Evan Peters' character, as well as a crowd, during a campaign speech. The episode was edited to de-emphasize the violence and to mostly have it featured completely off-screen[44] - as a result the opening sequence of the episode was cut in half, several on-screen deaths were removed and two separate close-up shots of the handgun firing were removed.[45]

text: While only the edited episode was broadcast on FX, the original uncut episode was released via VOD, FXNOW and FX+.[45]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: American Horror Story: Cult received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 72% approval rating, with an average rating of 6.83/10, based on 42 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "American Horror Story: Cult intrigues with timely, over-the-top creepiness - and lots of clowns - despite being hampered by broad political generalizations and occasional holes in the narrative's logic."[46] On Metacritic, the season was given a score of 66 out of 100 based on 24 reviews, indicating "generally positive reviews".[47]

text:
American Horror Story (season 7): Critical reception by episode

Season 7 (2017): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[48]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: In its seventh season, the series has been nominated for 3 awards.

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2018
8th Critics' Choice TV Awards[49]
Best Actor in a Movie or Limited Series
Evan Peters
Pending

70th Writers Guild of America Awards[50]
Long Form – Original
Brad Falchuk, John J. Gray, Joshua Green, Todd Kubrak, Crystal Liu, Tim Minear, Ryan Murphy, Adam Penn and James Wong
Pending

22nd Art Directors Guild Awards[51]
Television Movie or Mini-Series
Jeffrey Mossa (for "Election Night" and "Winter of Our Discontent")
Pending

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Election Night"
September 5, 2017
2.0
3.93[1]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

2
"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark"
September 12, 2017
1.2
2.38[2]
1.7
3.05
2.9
5.43[52]

3
"Neighbors from Hell"
September 19, 2017
1.2
2.25[3]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

4
"11/9"
September 26, 2017
1.1
2.13[4]
1.5
2.87
2.7
5.00[53]

5
"Holes"
October 3, 2017
1.1
2.20[5]
1.5
2.82
2.6
5.02[54]

6
"Mid-Western Assassin"
October 10, 2017
1.0
2.15[6]
1.2
2.28
2.2
4.43[55]

7
"Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag"
October 17, 2017
1.0
2.07[7]
1.5
2.74
2.5
4.81[56]

8
"Winter of Our Discontent"
October 24, 2017
1.0
2.06[8]
1.4
2.56
2.4
4.62[57]

9
"Drink the Kool-Aid"
October 31, 2017
0.7
1.48[9]
1.4
2.56
2.4
4.04[58]

10
"Charles (Manson) in Charge"
November 7, 2017
0.8
1.82[10]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

11
"Great Again"
November 14, 2017
1.0
1.97[11]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13

Murder House
3.18
2.46
2.59
2.96
2.74
2.83
3.06
2.81
2.85
2.54
2.59
3.22
N/A

Asylum
3.85
3.06
2.47
2.65
2.78
1.89
2.27
2.36
2.22
2.21
2.51
2.30
2.29

Coven
5.54
4.51
3.78
3.71
3.80
4.16
4.00
4.07
3.94
3.49
3.46
3.35
4.24

Freak Show
6.13
4.53
4.44
4.51
4.22
3.65
3.91
3.30
3.07
2.99
3.11
2.94
3.27

Hotel
5.81
4.06
3.20
3.04
2.87
2.64
2.64
2.31
2.14
1.85
1.84
2.24
N/A

Roanoke
5.14
3.27
3.08
2.83
2.82
2.48
2.62
2.20
2.43
2.45
N/A

Cult
3.93
2.38
2.25
2.13
2.20
2.15
2.07
2.06
1.48
1.82
1.97
N/A


document_title: Filmfare Award for Best Actress

question_text: who won the best actress award in filmfare 2018

text: Filmfare Award for Best Actress

text: Superlatives[edit]

text:
Superlative
Actor
Record

Actress with most awards
Nutan, Kajol
5

Actress with most nominations
Madhuri Dixit
14

Actress with all nominations in a single year
Meena Kumari (1963)
Only Actress to achieve this feat.

Actress with most nominations in a single year
Shabana Azmi (1984)
4

Actress with most consecutive year nominations
Madhuri Dixit (1989-96)
10

Actress with most nominations without ever winning
Tabu
5

Oldest winner
Nutan (1979)
42

Oldest nominee
Sharmila Tagore (2006)
61

Youngest winner
Dimple Kapadia (1974)
16

Youngest nominee
Dimple Kapadia (1974)
16

text:
Nutan and her niece Kajol, with five wins each, have maximum awards. Meena Kumari, Madhuri Dixit and Vidya Balan have four wins each. Vyjayanthimala, Jaya Bachchan and Shabana Azmi have three wins each. Eight actresses have won the award twice; in chronological order, they are Waheeda Rehman, Dimple Kapadia, Rekha, Sridevi, Karisma Kapoor, Aishwarya Rai, Rani Mukerji and Deepika Padukone.
Meena Kumari achieved an unusual feat by garnering all of the nominations with no other actress nominated in 1963. Uptil now, no other actress has equaled this record.
Meena Kumari is the only actress to be nominated posthumously. She received this posthumous nomination at the 20th Filmfare Awards in 1973 for Pakeezah.
Five actresses have won the award in consecutive years; in chronological order, they are Meena Kumari (1954–55), Jaya Bachchan (1974–75), Shabana Azmi (1984–85), Rani Mukerji (2005–06), and Vidya Balan (2012–13).
There has been only one tie in the history of this category. This occurred in 1974 when Jaya Bachchan and Dimple Kapadia were both given the award.
Madhuri Dixit holds the record for maximum 14 nominations, followed by Meena Kumari with 12, Hema Malini and Kajol with 11, Aishwarya Rai and Sridevi with 10 nominations. Dixit also holds the record for most consecutive nominations with 10 between 1989 and 1996 (winning in 1991, 1993, 1995 and 1998). She thus also holds the record of maximum awards and maximum nominations in a single decade, with 4 awards and 10 nominations in 1990s.
On occasion of an actress receiving multiple nominations in the same year and won in either of them: Shabana Azmi received four nominations in 1984 and holds the record for the highest number of nominations in a single year. Meena Kumari and Kajol had three nominations each in 1963 and 1999 respectively. Vyjayanthimala, Jaya Bachchan, Rakhee, Rekha, Shabana Azmi, Sridevi, Madhuri Dixit, Aishwarya Rai, Preity Zinta, Rani Mukerji, Vidya Balan and Alia Bhatt each received two nominations in 1959, 1974, 1977, 1981, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2012 and 2017 respectively, where Deepika Padukone is the only actress who achieved this feat twice in 2014 and 2016 and won in both years.
On occasion of an actress receiving multiple nominations in the same year but failed to win in any of them: Jaya Bachchan, Madhuri Dixit and Kareena Kapoor each received two nominations in 1972, 1996 and 2010 respectively where Hema Malini is the only actress who achieved this feet twice in 1975 and 1976 but won in none of the years.
Vyjayanthimala is the only actress to win the maximum awards, without ever losing, whenever been nominated. She received three awards among four nominations, being nominated twice in 1959 and once each in 1962 and 1965, winning in all three years. She was also the first actress to win both Best Actress Award and Best Supporting Actress Award as well as the first actress to receive multiple nominations.
Tabu holds the record of maximum nominations without ever winning, with five, followed by Mala Sinha, Saira Banu, Manisha Koirala, Urmila Matondkar, Anushka Sharma and Sonam Kapoor with four nominations each. Jaya Prada has three nominations.
Nutan, who won the award for the fifth time in 1979 at the age of 42, is the eldest winner, while Sharmila Tagore became the eldest nominee in 2006 at the age of 61. Dimple Kapadia, in 1973, became the youngest winner and youngest nominee at the age of 16.
Meena Kumari was the most victorious actress with two wins in the 1950s (she won the first two awards consecutively). Nutan peaked with three wins in '60s. Jaya Bachchan ruled the '70s with two wins. Shabana Azmi and Rekha fetched two wins each in the '80s. In the '90s, Madhuri Dixit outperformed all actresses with four wins. Aishwarya Rai, Rani Mukherji and Kajol had two wins each in the 2000s which were the highest. Until now, Vidya Balan is the most successful actress of 2010s with four wins.
Only once have siblings been nominated during the same year: Karisma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor in 2002, and twice have cousins been nominated during the same year: Kajol and Rani Mukerji in 2007 and Priyanka Chopra and Parineeti Chopra in 2013. Among these, Kajol won in 2007.
Karisma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor are the only siblings to win the award, while Kajol and Rani Mukerji are the only cousins to win the award.
Meena Kumari, Nargis, Smita Patil, Nutan, Bina Rai and Sridevi are the Six recipients who are not alive. They died in 1972, 1981, 1986, 1991, 2009 and 2018 respectively.
Fourteen actresses who have won both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress awards include Vyjayanthimala, Raakhee, Padmini Kolhapure, Nutan, Dimple Kapadia, Rekha, Karisma Kapoor, Jaya Bachchan, Madhuri Dixit, Rani Mukerji, Kareena Kapoor, Kangana Ranaut, Priyanka Chopra and Shabana Azmi. Mukerji is the first and only actress to win both these awards in the same year (2005). Aishwarya Rai was nominated in 2001 for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress but did not win.
Nutan and Rakhee were nominated for both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress awards for the same performance: Nutan for Saudagar (1974) and for Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1979) and Raakhee for Doosra Aadmi (1978); Nutan won Best Actress award for Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1979).
Madhuri Dixit and Rakhee are the overall most nominated performers in the female acting categories, each with overall sixteen nominations. While Dixit has fourteen nominations for Best Actress and two for Best Supporting Actress, Rakhee has eight nominations in each of these categories.
Eight Actresses have won the Best Actress awards in both the Popular and Critics Categories; in chronological order, they are Dimple Kapadia, Karisma Kapoor, Rani Mukerji, Kareena Kapoor, Vidya Balan, Priyanka Chopra, Kangana Ranaut and Alia Bhatt. Mukerji is the first and only actress to win both these awards for the same role in the same year (2006).
Kareena Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra are the only two actresses to win Filmfare Awards in five different categories, while Kangana Ranaut has won in four categories. All the three actresses have won Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress and Best Female Debut awards once each. Kapoor won twice, while Chopra and Ranaut won once each in the Best Actress (Critics) category. Kapoor and Chopra also won one Special Award and one Best Villain Award, respectively. Kapoor, Chopra and Ranaut, thus have 6, 5 and 4 Filmfare Awards respectively.
Vidya Balan is the only actress nominated in the leading role of same franchise (Kahaani and Kahaani 2: Durga Rani Singh) where she won in the former.

text: Multiple nominees[edit]

text:
14 Nominations: Madhuri Dixit
12 Nominations: Meena Kumari
11 Nominations: Hema Malini, Kajol, Priyanka Chopra
10 Nominations: Aishwarya Rai, Sridevi
9 Nominations: Shabana Azmi, Vidya Balan
8 Nominations: Jaya Bachchan, Raakhee, Rani Mukerji
7 Nominations: Nutan, Rekha, Kareena Kapoor, Deepika Padukone
6 Nominations: Juhi Chawla, Alia Bhatt
5 Nominations: Tabu, Karisma Kapoor, Preity Zinta
4 Nominations: Vyjayanthimala, Mala Sinha, Waheeda Rehman, Saira Banu, Smita Patil, Dimple Kapadia, Manisha Koirala, Urmila Matondkar, Sharmila Tagore, Anushka Sharma, Sonam Kapoor, Parineeti Chopra
3 Nominations: Jaya Prada
2 Nominations: Amisha Patel, Sadhana Shivdasani, Asha Parekh, Suchitra Sen, Reena Roy, Zeenat Aman, Padmini Kolhapure, Rati Agnihotri, Meenakshi Seshadri, Bipasha Basu, Katrina Kaif, Kangana Ranaut

text: Multiple winners[edit]

text:
5 Wins: Nutan, Kajol
4 Wins: Meena Kumari, Madhuri Dixit, Vidya Balan
3 Wins: Vyjayanthimala, Jaya Bachchan, Shabana Azmi
2 Wins: Waheeda Rehman, Dimple Kapadia, Rekha, Sridevi, Karisma Kapoor, Aishwarya Rai, Rani Mukerji, Deepika Padukone, Alia Bhatt

text: List of winners and nominees[edit]

text:
1954 Meena Kumari – Baiju Bawra as Gauri
1955 Meena Kumari – Parineeta as Lalita
1956 Kamini Kaushal – Biraj Bahu as Biraj Chakravorty

Geeta Bali – Vachan as Kamla
Meena Kumari – Azaad as Shobha

1957 Nutan – Seema as Gauri
1958 Nargis – Mother India as Radha
1959 Vyjayanthimala – Sadhna as Champabai / Rajani

Meena Kumari – Sahara as Leela
Vyjayanthimala – Madhumati as Madhumati / Madhavi / Radha

text:
1960 Nutan – Sujata as Sujata

Mala Sinha – Dhool Ka Phool as Meena Khosla
Meena Kumari – Chirag Kahan Roshni Kahan as Ratna

1961 Bina Rai – Ghunghat as Parvati / Jamuna

Madhubala – Mughal-e-Azam as Anarkali
Nutan – Chhalia as Shanti

1962 Vyjayanthimala – Gunga Jumna as Dhanno

Padmini – Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai as Kammo
Saira Banu – Junglee as Rajkumari 'Raj'

1963 Meena Kumari – Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam as Chhoti Bahu

Meena Kumari – Aarti as Aarti Gupta
Meena Kumari – Main Chup Rahungi as Gayetri

1964 Nutan – Bandini as Kalyani

Mala Sinha – Bahurani as Padma
Meena Kumari – Dil Ek Mandir as Sita

1965 Vyjayanthimala – Sangam as Radha Khanna

Mala Sinha – Jahan Ara as Jahanara Begum Sahib
Sadhana – Woh Kaun Thi? as Sandhya

1966 Meena Kumari – Kaajal as Madhavi

Mala Sinha – Himalay Ki Godmein as Phoolwa
Sadhana – Waqt as Meena Mittal

1967 Waheeda Rehman – Guide as Rosie Marco

Meena Kumari – Phool Aur Patthar as Shanti Devi
Suchitra Sen – Mamta as Devyani (Pannabai) / Suparna

1968 Nutan – Milan as Radha R. Rai

Saira Banu – Shagird as Poonam
Waheeda Rehman – Ram Aur Shyam as Anjana

1969 Waheeda Rehman – Neel Kamal as Rajkumari Neel Kamal / Sita Raichand

Nargis – Raat Aur Din as Mrs. Varuna Verma / Peggy
Saira Banu – Diwana as Kamini Gupta

text:
1970 Sharmila Tagore – Aradhana as Vandhana Tripathi

Asha Parekh – Chirag as Asha Chibber
Nanda – Ittefaq as Rekha

1971 Mumtaz – Khilona as Chand

Sharmila Tagore – Safar as Mrs. Neela Shekhar Kapoor
Waheeda Rehman – Khamoshi as Radha

1972 Asha Parekh – Kati Patang as Madhavi "Madhu"

Jaya Bachchan – Guddi as Kusum "Guddi"
Jaya Bachchan – Uphaar as Minoo

1973 Hema Malini – Seeta Aur Geeta as Seeta / Geeta

Meena Kumari – Pakeezah as Nargis / Sahibjaan (posthumous nomination)
Raakhee – Aankhon Aankhon Mein as Parvati

1974 Dimple Kapadia – Bobby as Bobby J. Braganza and Jaya Bachchan – Abhimaan as Uma Kumar

Jaya Bachchan – Koshish as Aarti Mathur
Moushumi Chatterjee – Anuraag as Shivani
Nutan – Saudagar as Mahjubhi

1975 Jaya Bachchan – Kora Kagaz as Archana Gupta

Hema Malini – Amir Garib as Sunita "Soni"
Hema Malini – Prem Nagar as Lata
Saira Banu – Sagina as Lalita
Shabana Azmi – Ankur as Laxmi

1976 Lakshmi – Julie as Julie

Hema Malini – Khushboo as Kusum
Hema Malini – Sanyasi as Champa
Jaya Bachchan – Mili as Mili Khanna
Suchitra Sen – Aandhi as Aarti Devi

1977 Raakhee – Tapasya as Indrani "Indu" Sinha

Hema Malini – Mehbooba as Ratna / Jhumri
Raakhee – Kabhi Kabhie as Pooja Khanna
Reena Roy – Nagin as Nagin
Sharmila Tagore – Mausam as Chanda Thapa / Kajli Thapa

1978 Shabana Azmi – Swami as Saudamini "Mini"'

Hema Malini – Kinara as Aarti Sanyal
Raakhee – Doosra Aadmi as Nisha
Smita Patil – Bhumika as Usha (Urvashi) Dalvi
Zarina Wahab – Gharaonda as Chaya

1979 Nutan – Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki as Sanjukta Chouhan

Raakhee – Trishna as Mrs. Aarti Gupta
Ranjeeta Kaur – Ankhiyon Ke Jharokhon Se as Lily Fernandes
Rekha – Ghar as Aarti Chandra
Zeenat Aman – Satyam Shivam Sundaram as Rupa

text:
1980 Jaya Bachchan – Nauker as Geeta

Hema Malini – Meera as Meera Rathod
Jaya Prada – Sargam as Hema Pradhan
Poonam Dhillon – Noorie as Noorie Nabi
Raakhee – Jurmana as Rama Sharma

1981 Rekha – Khubsoorat as Manju Dayal

Reena Roy – Aasha as Asha
Rekha – Judaai as Gauri Singh Verma
Shabana Azmi – Thodisi Bewafaii as Nima Choudhary
Zeenat Aman – Insaaf Ka Tarazu as Bharti Saxena

1982 Smita Patil – Chakra as Amma

Hema Malini – Naseeb as Asha
Jaya Bachchan – Silsila as Shobha Malhotra
Raakhee – Baseraa as Sharda Balraj Kohli
Rati Agnihotri – Ek Duuje Ke Liye as Sapna
Rekha – Umrao Jaan as Umrao Jaan

1983 Padmini Kolhapure – Prem Rog as Manorama "Rama"

Raakhee – Shakti as Sheetal Kumar
Rekha – Jeevan Dhaara as Sangeeta Shrivastav
Salma Agha – Nikaah as Niloufer Bano / Habiba Shabnam Rehmani
Smita Patil – Bazaar as Najma

1984 Shabana Azmi – Arth as Mrs. Pooja Inder Malhotra

Shabana Azmi – Avtaar as Radha Krishen
Shabana Azmi – Mandi as Rukmini Bai
Shabana Azmi – Masoom as Indu D. Malhotra
Sridevi – Sadma as Nehalata Malhotra

1985 Shabana Azmi – Bhavna as Bhavna Saxena

Jaya Prada – Sharaabi as Meena
Rohini Hattangadi – Saaransh as Parvati Pradhan
Shabana Azmi – Sparsh as Kavita
Smita Patil – Aaj Ki Awaaz as Rajni V. Deshmukh

1986 Dimple Kapadia – Saagar as Mona D'Silva

Jaya Prada – Sanjog as Yashoda / Asha
Mandakini – Ram Teri Ganga Maili as Ganga Singh
Padmini Kolhapure – Pyaar Jhukta Nahin as Preeti B. Pratap
Rati Agnihotri – Tawaif as Sultana

1987 - no award
1988 - no award
1989 Rekha – Khoon Bhari Maang as Aarti Verma/Jyoti

Juhi Chawla – Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak as Rashmi
Madhuri Dixit – Tezaab as Mohini

text:
1990 Sridevi – ChaalBaaz as Anju Das / Manju Das

Bhagyashree – Maine Pyar Kiya as Suman
Madhuri Dixit – Prem Pratigyaa as Laxmi M. Rao
Sridevi – Chandni as Chandni Mathur
Vijayashanti – Eeshwar as Lalita

1991 Madhuri Dixit – Dil as Madhu Mehra

Hema Malini – Rihaee as Taku
Juhi Chawla – Pratibandh as Shanti
Meenakshi Seshadri – Jurm as Meena S. Varma

1992 Sridevi – Lamhe as Pallavi / Pooja Bhatnagar

Dimple Kapadia – Lekin... as Reva
Madhuri Dixit – Saajan as Pooja Saxena
Rekha – Phool Bane Angaray as Namrita Singh
Zeba Bakhtiar – Henna as Henna

1993 Madhuri Dixit – Beta as Saraswati

Juhi Chawla – Bol Radha Bol as Radha / Rita
Sridevi – Khuda Gawah as Benazir / Mehndi

1994 Juhi Chawla – Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke as Vaijanti Iyer

Dimple Kapadia – Rudaali as Shanichari
Madhuri Dixit – Khalnayak as Gangotri "Ganga" Devi
Meenakshi Seshadri – Damini as Damini Gupta
Sridevi – Gumrah as Roshni Chadha

1995 Madhuri Dixit – Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! as Nisha Choudhury

Kajol – Yeh Dillagi as Sapna Bannerjee
Madhuri Dixit – Anjaam as Shivani Chopra
Manisha Koirala – 1942: A Love Story as Rajeshwari "Rajjo" Pathak
Sridevi – Laadla as Sheetal Jetley

1996 Kajol – Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge as Simran Singh

Madhuri Dixit – Raja as Madhu Garewal
Madhuri Dixit – Yaraana as Lalita
Manisha Koirala – Akele Hum Akele Tum as Kiran Kumar
Urmila Matondkar – Rangeela as Mili Joshi

1997 Karisma Kapoor – Raja Hindustani as Aarti Sehgal

Juhi Chawla – Daraar as Priya Bhatia
Manisha Koirala – Khamoshi: The Musical as Annie J. Braganza
Seema Biswas – Bandit Queen as Phoolan Devi
Tabu – Maachis as Virender "Veeru" Kaur

1998 Madhuri Dixit – Dil To Pagal Hai as Pooja

Juhi Chawla – Yes Boss as Seema Kapoor
Mahima Chaudhry – Pardes as Kusum Ganga
Sridevi – Judaai as Kaajal Verma
Tabu – Virasat as Gehna

1999 Kajol – Kuch Kuch Hota Hai as Anjali Sharma

Kajol – Dushman as Sonia / Naina Saigal
Kajol – Pyaar To Hona Hi Tha as Sanjana
Manisha Koirala – Dil Se.. as Moina alias Meghna
Urmila Matondkar – Satya as Vidya

text:
2000 Aishwarya Rai – Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam as Nandini Durbar

Aishwarya Rai – Taal as Mansi Shankar
Kajol – Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain as Megha
Karisma Kapoor – Biwi No.1 as Pooja Mehra
Tabu – Hu Tu Tu as Panna Barve

2001 Karisma Kapoor – Fiza as Fiza Ikramullah

Aishwarya Rai – Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai as Preeti Vyas
Madhuri Dixit – Pukar as Anjali
Preity Zinta – Kya Kehna as Priya Baxi
Tabu – Astitva as Aditi Pandit

2002 Kajol – Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... as Anjali Sharma Raichand

Ameesha Patel – Gadar: Ek Prem Katha as Sakina
Kareena Kapoor – Asoka as Kaurwaki
Karisma Kapoor – Zubeidaa as Zubeida Begum
Tabu – Chandni Bar as Mumtaz Ali Ansari

2003 Aishwarya Rai – Devdas as Parvati "Paro" Chakraborty

Ameesha Patel – Humraaz as Priya Singhania
Bipasha Basu – Raaz as Sanjana Aditya Dhanraj
Karisma Kapoor – Shakti: The Power as Nandini
Rani Mukerji – Saathiya as Suhani Sharma

2004 Preity Zinta – Kal Ho Naa Ho as Naina Catherine Kapur

Bhumika Chawla – Tere Naam as Nirjara Bharadwaj
Hema Malini – Baghban as Pooja Malhotra
Preity Zinta – Koi... Mil Gaya as Nisha
Rani Mukerji – Chalte Chalte as Priya Chopra
Urmila Matondkar – Bhoot as Swati

2005 Rani Mukerji – Hum Tum as Rhea Prakash

Aishwarya Rai – Raincoat as Neerja "Neeru"
Preity Zinta – Veer-Zaara as Zaara Hayaat Khan
Shilpa Shetty – Phir Milenge as Tamanna Sahni
Urmila Matondkar – Ek Hasina Thi as Sarika Vartak

2006 Rani Mukerji – Black as Michelle McNally

Preity Zinta – Salaam Namaste as Ambar "Amby" Malhotra
Rani Mukerji – Bunty Aur Babli as Vimmi "Babli" Saluja
Sharmila Tagore – Viruddh... Family Comes First as Sumitra V. Patwardhan
Vidya Balan – Parineeta as Lalita

2007 Kajol – Fanaa as Zooni Ali Baig

Aishwarya Rai – Dhoom 2 as Sunehri
Bipasha Basu – Corporate as Nishiganda 'Nishi' Dasgupta
Kareena Kapoor – Omkara as Dolly Mishra
Rani Mukerji – Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna as Maya Talwar

2008 Kareena Kapoor – Jab We Met as Geet Dhillon

Aishwarya Rai – Guru as Sujata Desai
Deepika Padukone – Om Shanti Om as Shantipriya / Sandhya "Sandy"
Madhuri Dixit – Aaja Nachle as Dia Srivastav
Rani Mukerji – Laaga Chunari Mein Daag as Vibhavari "Badki" S. Sahay
Vidya Balan – Bhool Bhulaiyaa as Avni S. Chaturvedi / Manjulika

2009 Priyanka Chopra – Fashion as Meghna Mathur

Asin – Ghajini as Kalpana Shetty
Aishwarya Rai – Jodhaa Akbar as Jodhaa Bai
Anushka Sharma – Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi as Taani Sahni
Kajol – U Me Aur Hum as Piya Saxena Malhotra

text:
2010 Vidya Balan – Paa as Vidya

Deepika Padukone – Love Aaj Kal as Meera Pandit
Kareena Kapoor – 3 Idiots as Pia Sahastrabuddhe
Kareena Kapoor – Kurbaan as Avantika Ahuja Khan
Katrina Kaif – New York as Maya Shaikh
Priyanka Chopra – Kaminey as Sweety Shekhar Bhope

2011 Kajol – My Name is Khan as Mandira Khan

Aishwarya Rai – Guzaarish as Sofia D'Souza
Anushka Sharma – Band Baaja Baaraat as Shruti Kakkar
Kareena Kapoor – Golmaal 3 as Daboo
Vidya Balan – Ishqiya as Krishna Verma

2012 Vidya Balan – The Dirty Picture as Reshma / Silk

Katrina Kaif – Mere Brother Ki Dulhan as Dimple Dixit
Mahi Gill – Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster as Madhavi Devi
Priyanka Chopra – 7 Khoon Maaf as Susanna Anna-Marie Johannes
Vidya Balan – No One Killed Jessica as Sabrina Lal

2013 Vidya Balan – Kahaani as Vidya Venkatesan Bagchi

Deepika Padukone – Cocktail as Veronica Malaney
Kareena Kapoor – Heroine as Mahi Arora
Parineeti Chopra – Ishaqzaade as Zoya Qureshi
Priyanka Chopra – Barfi! as Jhilmil Chatterjee
Sridevi – English Vinglish as Shashi Godbole

2014 Deepika Padukone – Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela as Leela Sanera

Deepika Padukone – Chennai Express as Meenalochini Azhagusundaram / Meenamma 'Meena'
Parineeti Chopra – Shuddh Desi Romance as Gayatri
Shraddha Kapoor – Aashiqui 2 as Aarohi Keshav Shirke
Sonakshi Sinha – Lootera as Pakhi Roy Chaudhary
Sonam Kapoor – Raanjhanaa as Zoya Haider

2015 Kangana Ranaut – Queen as Rani Mehra

Alia Bhatt – Highway as Veera Tripathi
Madhuri Dixit – Dedh Ishqiya as Begum Para
Priyanka Chopra – Mary Kom as Mary Kom
Rani Mukerji – Mardaani as Shivani Shivaji Roy
Sonam Kapoor – Khoobsurat as Dr Mrinalini "Milli" Chakravarty

2016 Deepika Padukone – Piku as Piku Banerjee

Anushka Sharma – NH10 as Meera
Deepika Padukone – Bajirao Mastani as Mastani
Kajol – Dilwale as Meera Dev Malik
Kangana Ranaut – Tanu Weds Manu Returns as Tanuja "Tanu" Trivedi / Kumari "Kusum" Sangwan (Datto)
Sonam Kapoor – Dolly Ki Doli as Dolly / Madhuri / Priya / Bhagyashree

2017 Alia Bhatt – Udta Punjab as Mary Jane/Bauria[2]

Aishwarya Rai – Sarbjit as Dalbir Kaur
Alia Bhatt – Dear Zindagi as Kaira
Anushka Sharma – Ae Dil Hai Mushkil as Alizeh Khan
Sonam Kapoor – Neerja as Neerja Bhanot
Vidya Balan – Kahaani 2 as Vidya Sinha / Durga Rani Singh

2018 Vidya Balan – Tumhari Sulu as Sulochana "Sulu" Dubey

Alia Bhatt – Badrinath Ki Dulhania as Vaidehi Trivedi
Bhumi Pednekar – Shubh Mangal Saavdhan as Sugandha
Saba Qamar – Hindi Medium as Meeta Batra
Sridevi – Mom as Devki Sabarwal
Zaira Wasim – Secret Superstar as Insia Malik


document_title: Shark tooth

question_text: how many rows of teeth to sharks have

question_tokens: how many rows of teeth to sharks have

text: Shark tooth

text: Types and Functions[edit]

text: Though sharks often are highly specialized, as a category they have ranged widely in their adaptations. Their teeth reflect this, ranging widely in form and function.

text: There are a number of common types of shark teeth, that vary according to the diet of the shark. Examples include dense flattened teeth for crushing; long needle-like teeth for gripping; pointed lower teeth for gripping combined with serrated, triangular upper teeth cutting, and teeth that are tiny, greatly reduced, and non-functional.[3]

text: Dense Flattened Teeth[edit]

text: Dense flattened teeth are used to crush prey like bivalves and crustaceans. These Sharks include nurse sharks and angel sharks. They are typically found at the bottom of the ocean floor because.

text: Needle-like Teeth[edit]

text: This was the first common style of shark tooth, present in the plentiful have no teeth watsoever teeth of the Devonian, four hundred million years ago.[citation needed] Sharks with needle-like teeth commonly feed on small to medium-sized fish, sometimes including small sharks. These teeth are especially effective for such prey because they can easily grip their slippery and narrow bodies. Modern examples include the blue shark and bull sharks. These sharks specifically use their teeth to feed on small prey like squid, flounder, stingrays, and even hammerhead sharks.[4]

text: Pointed Lower Teeth and Triangular Upper Teeth[edit]

text: This combination of pointed lower teeth with triangular upper teeth are especially useful for cutting prey that consist of large mammals and fish. The combination of teeth entails serrated edges to cut the larger prey into smaller portions in order to easily swallow the pieces. The most famously known shark with these teeth is the Great White shark, which feeds on animals such as sea lions, dolphins, other sharks, and even small whales.[4]

text: Non-Functional Teeth[edit]

text: The teeth of plankton-feeders, such as the basking shark and whale shark, are greatly reduced and non-functional.[1] These sharks filter feed on prey by opening their mouths to let tiny organisms get sucked into their mouths to feed without using their teeth at all, instead filtering the food when passing water through their gills.[4]

text: Transitional teeth[edit]

text: As one species evolves into another, its teeth may become difficult to classify, exhibiting characteristics of both species. For example, teeth from Carcharocles auriculatus as it evolved into C. angustidens, are difficult to definitively identify as coming from either species.

text: A commonly referred to transition is the evolution of Isurus hastalis, the Extinct Giant Mako, into the Great White shark, Carcharodon carcharias. There exist teeth that are believed to represent the transition between the two species. These teeth, from Carcharodon sp. are characterised by the wider, flatter crowns of the Extinct Giant Mako. However, they also exhibit partial, fading serrations, which are more pronounced near the root, and disappear towards the tip of the tooth - serrations being found in Great Whites but not Extinct Giant Makos.

text: Special mention: Megalodon teeth[edit]

text: C. megalodon teeth are the largest of any shark, extinct or living, and are among the most sought after types of shark teeth in the world. This shark lived during the late Oligocene epoch and Neogene period, about 28 to 1.5 million years ago, and ranged to a maximum length of 60 ft.[5] The smallest teeth are only 1.2 cm (0.5 in) in height, while the largest teeth are in excess of 17.7 cm (7.0 in). The smaller teeth ranging from 3½" and 4½" are more common finds, while teeth over 5", 6", and 7" are more rare.[5] These teeth are in extremely high demand by collectors and private investors, and they can fetch steep prices according to their size and deterioration.[5] The larger teeth can cost as much as 3,000 dollars.[6]

text: Deposits[edit]

text: Shark teeth cannot be collected from just any type of rock. Any fossils, including fossil shark teeth, are preserved in sedimentary rocks after falling from their mouth.[5] The sediment that the teeth were found in is used to help determine the age of the shark tooth due to the fossilization process.[7] Shark teeth are most commonly found between the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary periods.[8] Only after about 10,000 years will a shark tooth fossilize.[9] The teeth commonly found are not white because they are covered with sediment from fossilization. The sediment prevents oxygen and bacteria from attacking and decaying the tooth.[8][9]

text: Fossilized shark teeth can often be found in or near river bed banks, sand pits, and beaches. These teeth are typically worn, because they were frequently moved and redeposited in different areas repeatedly before settling down. Other locations, however, yield perfect teeth that were hardly moved during the ages. These teeth are typically fragile, and great care should be taken while excavating them.[8] Phosphate pits, containing mostly fossil bones and teeth, or kaolin pits, are ideal places to look for fossil shark teeth. One of the most notable phosphate mines is in Central Florida, Polk County, and is known as Bone Valley. Most of the teeth found here range from 3 to 10 million years old.[5] Near New Caledonia, up until the practice was banned, fishermen and commercial vessels used to dredge the sea floor for megalodon teeth. In the state of Georgia, shark teeth are found so often that they decided to make shark teeth the official state fossil in 1976.[10]

text: Counting[edit]

text: In taxonomy, shark teeth are counted as follows: rows of teeth are counted along the line of the jaw, while series of teeth are counted from the front of the jaw inward.[11] A single tooth row includes one or more functional teeth at the front of the jaw, and multiple replacement teeth behind this.[12] For example, the jaws of a bull shark can have 50 rows of teeth in 7 series, with the outermost series functional, but most sharks have five series with the average shark having about 15 rows of teeth in each jaw.[9] The small teeth at the symphysis, where the two halves of the jaw meet, are usually counted separately from the main teeth on either side. Sharks are also known to lose at least one tooth per week. Due to their specific arrangement of rows and series however, lost teeth can be replaced within a day.[9]

text: Shark Teeth Research and Identification[edit]

text: Identification of most sharks are found through a combination of tooth counts and tooth shapes. Teeth can even lead to the identification of shark species like the requiem shark. The fossilized records of teeth helps illustrate evolutionary history, and isolated teeth are used to study and analyze specific linear measurements of the species.[13] In order to identify teeth and specific information about the teeth, research can be done on a shark tooth. This research may uncover many different aspects about the tooth itself, and the shark species. This proves complicated, however, due to the fact that most fossilized teeth are found mixed and scattered.[7] To collect information on basic-life history and get dispersal estimates of a shark tooth, molecular-based technology is very efficient. To further shark population studies, collection of mtDNA can be extracted from shark jaws and teeth.[14] To study the caries-reducing effect in sharks, studies are done on the fluorine atoms that are bound covalently to calcium atoms in the teeth. Each tooth has a complex fluorapatite structure enameloid.[15] In order to reduce effects of deterioration in the teeth, it is useful to sample only the surface of the enameloid of the tooth for this specific research.[16] Studying and researching shark teeth betters our understandings of shark feeding behaviors, evolutionary changes, and mechanisms.[17] This helps us to identify the teeth, and even the species.

text: History of discovery[edit]

text: The oldest known records of fossilized shark teeth are by Pliny the Elder,[18] who believed that these triangular objects fell from the sky during lunar eclipses.

text: According to Renaissance accounts, large, triangular fossil teeth often found embedded in rocky formations were believed to be petrified tongues of dragons and snakes and so were referred to as "tongue stones" or "glossopetrae". Glossopetrae were commonly thought to be a remedy or cure for various poisons and toxins; they were used in the treatment of snake bites. Due to this ingrained belief, many noblemen and royalty wore these "tongue stones" as pendants or kept them in their pockets as good-luck charms.

text: This interpretation was corrected in 1611 by the Italian naturalist Fabio Colonna, who recognized them as ancient shark teeth, and, in 1667, by the Danish naturalist Nicolaus Steno, who discussed their composition and famously produced a depiction of a shark's head bearing such teeth.[19] He mentioned his findings in a book, The Head of a Shark Dissected, which also contained an illustration of a C. megalodon tooth, previously considered to be a tongue stone.[20]

text: Tool use by humans[edit]

text: In Oceania and America, shark teeth were commonly used for tools, especially on weapons such as clubs and daggers, but also as blades to carve wood and as tools for food preparation. For example, various weapons edged with shark teeth were used by the Native Hawaiians (see example here[21]), who called them leiomano.[22] Some types were reserved for royalty.[23] The Guaitaca (Weittaka) of coastal Brazil tipped their arrows with shark teeth.[24] The remains of shark tooth-edged weapons, as well as chert replicas of shark teeth, have been found in the Cahokia mounds of the upper Mississippi River valley, more than 1,000 km (620 mi) from the ocean.[25] It is reported that the rongorongo tablets of Easter Island were first shaped and then inscribed using a hafted shark tooth.[26]