document_title: Abolition of monarchy

question_text: when did france get rid of their monarchy

text: Abolition of monarchy

text: 17th-18th centuries[edit]

text:
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text: An early example of the abolition of a monarchy in modern times occurred in 1649 with the overthrow of the English monarchy by the Parliament of England and its armed forces under leaders such as Oliver Cromwell. 1660 saw a monarchical restoration - though in a more limited form moderated by a more independent Parliament.

text: Organized Anti-monarchism in what since July 1776 is the United States developed out of the gradual process of revolution that began in 1765, as colonists resisted the Stamp Act through boycott and the expulsion and condemnation of royal officials.[citation needed] While subjects of Great Britain (a union of the Kingdom of England with the Kingdom of Scotland), the colonists of British North America enjoyed a level of autonomy which increasingly clashed with royal and Parliamentary authority which did not consult colonial needs. With the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the most violent wave of anti-monarchical protest began, with the systematic destruction of the relics and symbols of monarchy. Examples can be found in the toppling of the equestrian statue of George III on Bowling Green in New York City (9 July 1776). Monarchic loyalists were particularly affected by partisan attacks or harassment, with tens of thousands leaving for Canada, Britain, and other colonies.[1] Wealth or property which remained was typically confiscated.[by whom?] Thomas Paine, the famous author of the revolutionary pamphlet "Common Sense", urged the colonists to finance the revolutionary war through this means. Even today, very few artifacts depicting the British monarchy from the colonial period can be found in the United States. However, not all anti-British or anti-Loyalist sentiment equated to anti-monarchism. The normalcy of having a King at the head of a polity had strong roots in much political thought (Machiavelli, Hobbes) and in religious doctrine (see for example 1 Samuel 8:6-9.[2] Some Americans saw the presidency in monarchical terms.[3]

text: However, the most famous abolition of monarchy in history[citation needed] - apart from the Dutch Republic of 1581 to 1795 - involved the French monarchy in 1792, during the French Revolution. The French monarchy was later restored several times with differing levels of authority. Napoleon, initially a hero of the Republican revolution, crowned himself emperor in 1804 only to be replaced by the Bourbon Restoration in 1815 which in turn was replaced by the more liberal July Monarchy in 1830.

text: The 1848 Revolution was a more clear anti-monarchic uprising that replaced the succession of royal leaders with the short-lived Second French Republic. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte established the Second French Empire (1852 to 1870), retaining republican aspects while placing himself in the center of the state until the losses in the Franco-Prussian War precipitated his fall, resulting in the French Third Republic and the definitive end of monarchism in the governing of France.

text: 19th century[edit]

text: In 1858 the Mughal Empire came to an end after losing a war against Britain, and its Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, lost his throne. Between 1859 and 1861, four monarchies in Southern Europe ceased to exist: Parma, Modena, Tuscany and the Two Sicilies, when they all became part of the new Kingdom of Italy. The Second Mexican Empire collapsed in 1867, and its Emperor, Maximilian I of Mexico, was executed. The Second French Empire came to an end in 1870 after it had lost the war against Prussia, causing Emperor Napoleon III to lose his throne. He was the last monarch of France.

text: In Spain monarchy was abolished from 1873 to 1874 by the First Spanish Republic, but then restored until 1931. The monarchy of Tahiti came to an end in 1880 when France made it a colony and overthrew King Pōmare V. That of Burma was abolished in 1885, when the last king, Thibaw Min, lost his throne and the country was annexed by Britain. In Brazil, the monarchy was abolished in 1889, when Emperor Pedro II was overthrown by a republican military coup (the status of the republic was fully confirmed by a plebiscite in 1993 that resulted in 66% of the votes to the republican government). In 1893 foreign business leaders overthrew Queen Liliʻuokalani of the Kingdom of Hawaii. They established a republic, which was annexed by the United States in 1898. The monarchy of Madagascar, known as the Merina Kingdom, came to an end in 1897 when France made it a colony and overthrew Queen Ranavalona III.

text: 20th century[edit]

text:
European states in 1914.[4]
  Monarchies (22)
  Republics (4)

European states in 1930.[5]
  Monarchies (20)
  Republics (15)

Present-day European states.
  Monarchies (12)
  Republics (32)

text: In 1910 the last emperor of Korea, Sunjong, lost his throne when the country was annexed by Japan. However, the Korean royal family was mediatised as a puppet family within the Japanese imperial family. Many of the Korean royals were forcibly re-educated in Japan and forced to marry Japanese royalty and aristocrats to meld the ruling families of the two empires. With the abolition of the Japanese aristocracy and cadet branches of the imperial family, the Korean royals officially lost their remaining status.[citation needed]

text: The monarchy of Portugal was also overthrown in 1910 (5 October), two years after the assassination of King Carlos I, ending the reign of Manuel II, who died in exile in England (1932), without issue.

text: The ancient monarchy of China ceased to exist in 1912 after the revolution of Sun Yat-sen overthrew Emperor Puyi. General Yuan Shikai, then provisional president, unsuccessfully tried to make himself a monarch in 1915.

text: World War I led to perhaps the greatest spate of abolition of monarchies in history. The conditions inside Russia and the poor performance in the war gave rise to a revolution which toppled the entire institution of the monarchy, followed by a second revolution against that government in October of the same year that executed Emperor Nicholas II and implemented a Marxist-Leninist government. The defeated German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires saw the abolition of their monarchies in the close aftermath of the war, ending the reigns of Wilhelm II, Charles I and Mehmed VI respectively. The monarchs of the constituent states within the German Empire, most importantly Ludwig III of Bavaria, Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and Wilhelm II of Württemberg, soon abdicated. During the war, monarchies were planned for the Grand Duchy of Finland (to have a Finnish King), and for Lithuania (Mindaugas II of Lithuania), with a protectorate-like dependency of Germany. Both intended kings renounced their thrones after Germany's defeat in November 1918. King Nicholas I of Montenegro lost his throne when the country became a part of Yugoslavia in 1918.

text:
Part of a series on

Orders of succession

Former monarchies

Afghanistan
Albania
Anhalt
Austria-Hungary
Baden
Bavaria
Bharatpur
Bhopal
Brazil
Bulgaria
China
Dungarpur
Egypt
France

Bonapartist
Legitimist
Orléanist / Unionist

Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hanover
Hesse
Hyderabad
Idar
Iran / Persia
Iraq
Italy
Jammu and Kashmir
Jodhpur
Kapurthala
Kutch
Mecklenburg
Mexico
Montenegro
Nepal
Oldenburg
Ottoman
Parma
Portugal
Rajpipla
Rampur
Romania
Russia
Saxonya
Travancore
Tunisia
Two Sicilies
Vadodara (Baroda)
Waldeck and Pyrmont
Württemberg
Yugoslavia

a Kingdom / Grand Duchy / Duchies.

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text: After the death of the last Emperor, Bogd Khan, in 1924, Mongolia became a republic. In Spain the monarchy was again abolished in 1931 by the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). In 1947, General Franco declared Spain a realm, and appointed Juan Carlos of Bourbon his successor in 1969. The Prince of Spain became king at Franco's death in 1975, and constitutional monarchy was restored in 1978 under him.

text: World War II saw another spate of abolitions. In 1939 Italy invaded Albania and removed the reigning self-proclaimed King Zog and instated their own King Victor Emmanuel III as its new monarch. Italy, along with the eastern European monarchies of Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania joined with Germany in World War II against the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Western allies and the Soviet Union. As the Axis powers came to a defeat in the war, communist partisans in occupied Yugoslavia and occupied Albania seized power and ended the monarchies. Communists in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania removed their monarchies with strong backing by the Soviet Union, which had many troops and supporters placed there during the course of the war. Through this, Peter II of Yugoslavia, Simeon II of Bulgaria and Michael I of Romania all lost their thrones. King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy had switched sides during the war in favour of the western allies, but a referendum in 1946 ended the short reign of his son King Umberto II and the Italian monarchy ceased to exist. A unique result of the war was that Emperor Hirohito of Japan, who had held a debated but important role in Japan's warfare against the Allied powers, was reduced in stature from a divine monarch to a figurehead by the occupying United States, instead of losing his throne altogether.

text: Throughout Greece's eventful modern history, the monarchy was toppled and restored several times between and after the two World Wars. The last king, Constantine II, was forced into exile after a coup in 1967 and the republic was proclaimed in 1973 by the then ruling military dictatorship. Final abolition of the monarchy was confirmed overwhelmingly after constitutional legality was restored, by free referendum in 1974.

text: The independence of the Indian subcontinent from direct British rule in 1947 posed a unique problem. From 1858, when the British government had assumed direct rule over the subcontinent, it had been governed as a quasi-federation, with most of the subcontinent (known as British India), under the direct rule of the British sovereign. The remainder of the subcontinent, however, was under a form of indirect rule through its division and subdivision into over 500 subnational monarchies, known as princely states; each was ruled by a prince in a subsidiary alliance with the British government. The princely states ranged from powerful and largely independent principalities such as Hyderabad or Mysore, with a high level of autonomy, to tiny fiefdoms a few dozen acres in size. The resulting imperial structure was broadly similar to that of the German Empire before the First World War.

text: In 1947, it was agreed the Indian subcontinent would be partitioned into the independent British dominions of India and Pakistan, with the princely states acceding to one nation or the other. The accession process proceeded smoothly, with the notable exception of four of the most influential principalities. The Muslim ruler of the Hindu-majority state of Junagadh ruler acceded to Pakistan, but his decision was overruled by the Indian government, while Hyderabad chose to be independent, but was forcibly annexed to India in 1948. The Hindu ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, among the largest and most powerful of the principalities, but with a Muslim-majority population, initially held off on a decision. In the autumn of 1947, an invading force from Pakistan frightened the ruler into acceding to India. The ruler of Kalat, in Baluchistan, declared his independence in 1947, after which the state was forcibly merged with Pakistan, resulting in an insurgency persisting to this day. With the promulgation of the Indian constitution in 1950, India abolished its monarchy under the British crown and became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, followed by Pakistan in 1956; as a result of both developments, the majority of the princes formally lost their sovereign rights. A few remaining principalities in Pakistan retained their autonomy until 1969, when they finally acceded to Pakistan. The Indian government formally derecognised its princely families in 1971, followed by Pakistan in 1972.

text: Many monarchies were abolished in the middle of the 20th century or later as part of the process of decolonisation. The monarchies of India, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, Guyana, and Malawi were abolished shortly after they became independent of the United Kingdom, while remaining within the Commonwealth. That of Ireland was not abolished when Ireland became independent of the United Kingdom in the 1920s, but by the Republic of Ireland Act of 1948, which came into force in 1949. Some Commonwealth realms waited a little longer before abolishing their monarchies: Pakistan became a republic in 1956 and South Africa in 1961. Gambia abolished its monarchy in 1970, while Sierra Leone became a republic in 1971, as did Sri Lanka in 1972, Malta in 1974, Trinidad and Tobago in 1976, and Fiji in 1987. The latest country to become a republic within the Commonwealth was Mauritius in 1992.

text: That of Egypt was abolished in 1953, after the revolution of 1952, which caused King Farouk I to abdicate in favour of his infant son Fuad II. The monarchy of Tunisia ended in 1957 when Muhammad VIII al-Amin lost his throne and that of Iraq in 1958 when King Faisal II was killed and a republic proclaimed. The monarchy of Yemen was abolished in 1962 when King Muhammad al-Shami was overthrown in a coup, although he continued to resist his opponents until 1970. King Idris of Libya was overthrown by a military coup led by Muammar Gaddafi in 1969. The monarchy of Afghanistan was abolished in 1973 after a coup d'état overthrew King Mohammed Zahir Shah. That of Iran was abolished by the Islamic revolution of 1979 overthrowing Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In Ethiopia, Emperor Haile Selassie I was overthrown in 1974 as a result of a leftist coup. King Palden Thondup Namgyal of Sikkim lost his throne in 1975 when the country became a state of India following a referendum. Political upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchies of Indochina after World War II: a short-lived attempt to leave a monarchical form of government in post-colonial South Vietnam came to naught in 1955, a military coup overthrew the kingless monarchy in Cambodia in 1970 and a Communist takeover ended the monarchy in Laos in 1975. Cambodia's monarchy later saw an unexpected rebirth under an internationally mediated peace settlement with former king Norodom Sihanouk being restored as a figurehead in 1993.

text: In a referendum in Brazil in 1993, voters rejected an attempt to restore the country's monarchy. Unsuccessful efforts to restore the monarchies of some of the Balkan states in the former Eastern Bloc continue. Former King Michael of Romania and Prince Alexander of Serbia have been allowed to return, gained some popularity, played largely apolitical public roles, but never came close to being restored to their ancestral thrones. However, in Bulgaria, Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who was deposed from the Bulgarian throne in 1946, was elected and recently served as the Prime Minister of his country from 2001 to 2005. The only formerly socialist country to have held a referendum on the monarchy was Albania where the claimant to his father's throne, the self-styled Leka I, lost by a huge margin.

text: In a 1999 referendum, the voters of Australia rejected a proposal to abolish their monarchy in favour of a specific republican model. The proposal was rejected in all states, with only the Australian Capital Territory voting in favour.

text: Monarchies abolished in the 20th–21st centuries[edit]

text:
Country

Last monarch

Year

Annotations

1900s

Dendi
Askia Malla
1901
Ousted by French, the country became a part of French West Africa.

Ashanti
Prempeh I
1902
Ousted by British, the country became a part of Gold Coast (British colony).

Oyo
Adeyemi I Alowolodu
1905
Last monarch died, the country became a part of British Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

Mwali

1909
The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.

1910s

Portugal
Manuel II
1910
Republican Coup d'État.

Korea
Sunjong
Native monarchy abolished; replaced by rule by Japan, a monarchy, through 1945.

Angoche

Ousted by Portuguese, the country was incorporated into Portugal.

Nri
Eze Nri Òbalíke
1911
Ousted by British, the country became a part of Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

Kasanje

The country was incorporated into Portuguese West Africa.

China
Xuantong
1912
Xinhai Revolution – Emperor ousted by warlords and republicans.

Ndzuwani
Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar
The country was incorporated into French Third Republic.

Kongo
Manuel III
1914
Position abolished by Portuguese after an unsuccessful revolt.

Sultanate of Sulu
Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II
1915
Split into American Insular Government over the Philippine islands, British North Borneo and the Dutch East Indies.

Darfur
Ali Dinar
1916
Darfur formally re-incorporated into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

China
Hongxian
Monarchy dropped, shortly after the outbreak of the National Protection War.

Russia
Nicholas II
1917
Russian Revolution of 1917.

Finland
Finnish Declaration of Independence.

Montenegro
Nicholas I
1918
Referendum deposed King and united Montenegro with Serbia.

Germany
William II
All on account of German defeat in World War I and the following German Revolution.

Prussia

Bavaria
Ludwig III

Württemberg
William II

Saxony
Frederick Augustus III

Hesse
Ernest Louis

Baden
Frederick II

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
William Ernest

Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Frederick Francis IV

Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Adolphus Frederick VI

Oldenburg
Frederick Augustus II

Brunswick
Ernst Augustus

Anhalt
Joachim Ernst

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Charles Edward

Saxe-Meiningen
Bernhard III

Saxe-Altenburg
Ernst II

Waldeck-Pyrmont
Friedrich

Lippe
Leopold IV

Schaumburg-Lippe
Adolf II

Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Günther Victor

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen

Reuss Elder Line
Heinrich XXIV

Reuss Younger Line
Heinrich XXVII

Austria
Charles I
Charles I "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. Monarchy officially abolished by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, on 10 September 1919.

Finland
Frederick Charles I
Monarchy never in effect.

Lithuania
Mindaugas II

Poland
Ruled by Regency Council

Hungary
Charles IV
Monarchy restored in 1920, although the throne remained vacant with a Regent.

Serbia
Peter I
Country transformed to Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Ukraine
Pavlo Skoropadskyi
Removed from power, following an uprising led by Symon Petliura and the withdrawal of German forces from Kiev.

1920s

Bukhara (Uzbekistan)
Mohammed Alim Khan
1920

Khiva (Uzbekistan)
Abdallah Khan

Syria
Faisal I
Monarchy deposed, following the Siege of Damascus.

Ottoman Empire
Mehmed VI
1922
Sultanate abolished in 1922.

Wituland
Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad
1923
Sultanate abolished by British, the country was incorporated into Kenya Colony.

Greece
George II
1924
Restored 1935 and later abolished again in 1973 (see below).

Mongolia
Bogd Khan
Communist People's Republic proclaimed after Khan's death.

Albania
William I
1925
Monarchy restored in 1928 (Albanian Kingdom).

Mohammerah
Khaz'al al-Ka'bi
1925
Sheikhdom abolished by Persia

Orungu
Rogombé-Nwèntchandi
1927
Position abolished by French.

1930s

Spain
Alfonso XIII
1931
Later restored (see below).

Jimma
Abba Jofir
1932
Ousted by Ethiopians, Jimma incorporated into Ethiopia.

Albania
Zog I
1939
Throne usurped by Victor Emmanuel III, after Italian invasion.

1940s

Albania
Victor Emmanuel III
1943
Relinquished throne after Italian armistice.

Croatia
Tomislav II
Abdicated after withdrawal of Italian support.

Iceland
Christian X
1944
Union with Denmark terminated.

Montenegro
Ruled by Governor
Monarchy abolished after takeover by Yugoslav Partisans

Yugoslavia
Peter II
1945
Communist reconstruction.

Manchukuo
Kāngdé
Merged into the Republic of China after abolition of the Empire.

Vietnam
Bảo Đại
Monarchy abolished after the Surrender of Japan.

Hungary
Miklós Horthy as Regent
1946
Decision of the parliament without a referendum.

Italy
Umberto II
Referendum; official result: 54.3% in favour of republic.

Bulgaria
Simeon II
Referendum held to decide whether the monarchy would be retained; results falsified by the communist government: 95% in favour of republic.

Sarawak
Charles Vyner Brooke
White Rajahs hand over power to British crown.

Romania
Michael I
1947
Forced out by the communists.

Ireland
George VI
1949
Abolished the last "Monarchy of Ireland", the King of the United Kingdom.

1950s

India
George VI
1950
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

Mysore
HH Maharaja Sir Jayachamaraja Wodeyar
1950
The Kingdom of Mysore merged with the Republic of India in 1950

Tibet
Tenzin Gyatso
1951
Incorporated into the People's Republic of China.

Egypt
Fuad II
1953
Republic proclaimed one year after the 1952 Revolution.

Vietnam
Bảo Đại
1954
Vietnam partitioned through the Geneva Accords.

Vietnam
Bảo Đại
1955
Referendum in South Vietnam.

Pakistan
Elizabeth II
1956
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

Tunisia
Muhammad VIII al-Amin
1957
coup d'état

Iraq
Faisal II
1958

1960s

Ghana
Elizabeth II
1960
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

South Africa
1961
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy pursuant to 1960 referendum; official result: 53% in favor of republic.

Rwanda
Kigeli V
coup d'état, followed by referendum; official result: 80% in favor of abolishing monarchy.

Tanganyika
Elizabeth II
1962
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

Yemen
Muhammad al-Badr
coup d'état

Nigeria
Elizabeth II
1963
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

Uganda

Kenya
1964

Zanzibar
Jamshid bin Abdullah
Zanzibar Revolution

Burundi
Ntare V
1966
coup d'état

Malawi
Elizabeth II
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

Fadhli Sultanate
Nasser bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ahmed Alfadhli
1967
The countries were incorporated into newly created People's Republic of South Yemen.

Qu'aiti Sultanate
Ghalib II bin Awadh bin Saleh Al Qu'aiti

Sultanate of Upper Yafa
Muhammad ibn Salih Harharah

Sultanate of Lower Yafa
Mahmud ibn Aidrus Al Afifi

Muflahi Sheikhdom
al Qasim ibn Abd ar Rahman

Audhali Sultanate
Salih ibn al Husayn ibn Jabil Al Audhali

Emirate of Beihan
Saleh al Hussein Al Habieli

Dathina Sheikhdom

Emirate of Dhala
Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif Al Amiri

Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf

Sheikhdom of Shaib
Yahya ibn Mutahhar al-Saqladi

Alawi Sheikhdom
Salih ibn Sayil Al Alawi

Aqrabi Sheikhdom
Mahmud ibn Muhammad Al Aqrabi

Wahidi Sultanate of Haban
Husayn ibn Abd Allah Al Wahidi

Qutaibi Sheikhdom

Hadrami Sheikhdom

Mausatta Sheikhdom

Busi Sheikhdom

Dhabi Sheikhdom

Haushabi Sultanate
Faisal bin Surur Al Haushabi

Kathiri Sultanate
Al Husayn ibn Ali

Mahra Sultanate

Sultanate of Lahej
Ali bin Abd al Karim al Abdali

Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
Nasir ibn Aidrus Al Awlaqi

Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
Awad ibn Salih Al Awlaqi

Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
Amir Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al Yaslami Al Aulaqi

Maldives
Muhammad Fareed Didi
1968
Independence referendum.

Libya
Idris I
1969
coup d'état

1970s

Cambodia
Norodom Sihanouk
1970
Later restored (see below).

The Gambia
Elizabeth II
1971
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

Guyana

Sierra Leone

Ceylon
1972
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy, state name changed into "Sri Lanka".

Afghanistan
Mohammed Zahir Shah
1973
coup d'état, later briefly restored.

Ethiopia
Haile Selassie I
1974

Greece
Constantine II
referendum; official result: 69% against monarchy

Malta
Elizabeth II
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

Laos
Savang Vatthana
1975
Communist takeover

Sikkim
Palden Thondup Namgyal
Referendum; official result: 97% to become a state of India.

Trinidad and Tobago
Elizabeth II
1976
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

Iran
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1979
Iranian Revolution

Central Africa
Bokassa I
coup d'état

1980s

Southern Rhodesia
Elizabeth II
1980
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. An unrecognised government had unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965 and proclaimed a republic in 1969; it was renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979 but returned to United Kingdom control as Southern Rhodesia in December 1979. Southern Rhodesia subsequently gained independence as Zimbabwe.

Rwenzururu
Charles Mumbere
1982
Forced to abdicate by the government of Uganda; declaration of independence of Rwenzururu was annulled.

Fiji
Elizabeth II
1987
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy. Elizabeth II remained recognized as Paramount Chief by the Great Council of Chiefs until the council's de-establishment on 14 March 2012.

1990s

Kuwait
Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah
1990
Later restored (see below)

Mauritius
Elizabeth II
1992
Abolished Commonwealth monarchy.

2000s

Afghanistan
Mohammed Omar
2001
Deposed after the September 11 attacks. The emirate was not recognized by the United Nations.

Nepal
King Gyanendra
2008
Monarchy abolished on 28 May 2008, replaced with a secular federal republic.[6]

text: Current monarchies that were abolished and then restored[edit]

text:
Country

Year abolished

Annotations

Year restored

England, and Ireland
1649
Commonwealth of England established
1660

Spain
1873
First Spanish Republic established
1874

1931
Second Spanish Republic established, then restored in 1947 (de jure), initially under the regency of Francisco Franco
1975
(de facto)

Ankole
1967
Four traditional Ugandan monarchies abolished by government under new constitution of Milton Obote
1993

Buganda

Bunyoro

Toro

Cambodia
1970
Khmer Republic established, in 1975 it was overthrown by the Khmer Rouge and Democratic Kampuchea was established. In 1979, the People's Republic of Kampuchea was established, whose name was changed to the State of Cambodia.
1993

Rwenzururu, a part of Uganda
1982
Abolished by the government.
2009
(de facto)

Kuwait
1990
Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah was ousted from power when the Republic of Kuwait was proclaimed during the Gulf War before its subsequent annexation by Iraq. Monarchy restored after Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait.
1991


document_title: List of professional sports leagues by revenue

question_text: who makes the most money nfl or nba

question_tokens: who makes the most money nfl or nba

root

text: The following is a list of sports competitions by revenue.

tag: p

text: In this table, the "Season" column refers to the league season for which financial data is available and referenced, which is usually not the most recently completed season of competition. Revenues are listed in millions of euros.

text:
League

Sport

Country(ies)

Season

Teams[a]

Revenue  (€ mil)

Rev. / team(€ mil)

Ref.

National Football League
American football
 United States
2016
32
7004107000000000000♠10,700
7002333100000000000♠333.1
[1][2]

Major League Baseball
Baseball
 United States Canada
2017
30
7003768300000000000♠7,683

7002256100000000000♠256.1
[3]

National Basketball Association
Basketball
 United States Canada
2016–17
30
7003594000000000000♠5,940

7002198000000000000♠198
[4]

Premier League
Association football
 England Wales
2016-17
20
7003521100000000000♠5,211
7002260500000000000♠260.5
[5]

National Hockey League
Ice hockey
 United States Canada

2016–17
31 [b]
7003370000000000000♠3,700
7002123300000000000♠123.3
[1]

Bundesliga
Association football
 Germany
2016–17
18
7003337500000000000♠3,375
7002187500000000000♠187.5
[6][7]

La Liga
Association football
 Spain
2016–17
20
7003336300000000000♠3,363
7002168200000000000♠168.2
[8]

Serie A
Association football
 Italy
2016–17
20
7003226700000000000♠2,267
7002113400000000000♠113.4
[9]

UEFA Champions League
Association football
Europe
2016–17
32
7003208940000000000♠2,089.4
7001653000000000000♠65.3
[10]

Formula One

Auto racing

 International

2017

10

7003183000000000000♠1,830

7002166400000000000♠166.4

[11]

Ligue 1
Association football
 France Monaco
2016–17
20
7003164400000000000♠1,644
7001822000000000000♠82.2
[12]

Campeonato Brasileiro
Association football
 Brazil
2016
20
7003129800000000000♠1,298
7001649000000000000♠64.9
[13]

Nippon Professional Baseball
Baseball
 Japan
2012
12
7003125300000000000♠1,253
7002104000000000000♠104
[14]

Chinese Super League
Association football
 China
2016
16
7002945000000000000♠945
7001590000000000000♠59
[15]

Major League Soccer
Association football
 United States Canada
2017
23 [c]
7002851000000000000♠851
7001370000000000000♠37
[16][17]

Kontinental Hockey League
Ice hockey
 Russia

2016–17
29
7002820000000000000♠820
7001283000000000000♠28.3
[18]

Australian Football League
Australian rules football
 Australia
2017
18
7002754000000000000♠754
7001419000000000000♠41.9
[19] [20]

EFL Championship
Association football
 England Wales
2015–16
24
7002743800000000000♠743.8 [d]
7001309900000000000♠30.99
[22]

Russian Premier League
Association football
 Russia
2015–16
16
7002701000000000000♠701
7001438100000000000♠43.81
[21]

Süper Lig
Association football
 Turkey
2016–17
18
7002684000000000000♠684
7001380000000000000♠38
[23]

NASCAR
Auto racing
 United States
2017
20
7002660800000000000♠660.8
7001330000000000000♠33.0
[24]

2. Bundesliga
Association football
 Germany
2016–17
18
7002635000000000000♠635
7001353009999900000♠35.3
[7]

Korea Professional Baseball
Baseball
 South Korea
2014
10
7002563000000000000♠563
7001560000000000000♠56
[25]

J1 League
Association football
 Japan
2015
18
7002532000000000000♠532
7001300000000000000♠30
[26]

K League
Association football
 South Korea
2014
12
7002509000000000000♠509
7001260000000000000♠26
[27]

Liga MX
Association football
 Mexico
–
18
7002509000000000000♠509
7001280000000000000♠28
[28]

Eredivisie
Association football
 Netherlands
2015–16
18
7002481000000000000♠481
7001267200000000000♠26.72
[21][22]

Indian Premier League
Twenty20 cricket
 India
2016
8
7002480000000000000♠480 [e]
7001426000000000000♠42.6
[29]

Primeira Liga
Association football
 Portugal
2015–16
18
7002366000000000000♠366
7001203309999999999♠20.33
[21]

Belgian Pro League [f]
Association football
 Belgium
2015–16
16
7002359000000000000♠359
7001224400000000000♠22.44
[21]

Top 14
Rugby union football
 France
2016–17
14
7002339700000000000♠339.7
7001243000000000000♠24.3
[30]

Primera División Argentina
Association football
 Argentina
–
20
7002338000000000000♠338
7001170000000000000♠17
[28]

Segunda División
Association football
 Spain
2016–17
22
7002299700000000000♠299.7
7001136000000000000♠13.6
[8]

Serie B
Association football
 Italy
2011–12
22
7002276000000000000♠276
7001125000000000000♠12.5
[31]

J2 League
Association football
 Japan
2015
22
7002262000000000000♠262
7001119000000000000♠11.9
[26]

Saudi Professional League
Association football
 Saudi Arabia
2016–17
14
7002254610000000000♠254.61[unreliable source?]
7001182000000000000♠18.2
[32]

English Premiership
Rugby union football
 England
2015–16
12
7002251400000000000♠251.4 [g]
7001209500000000000♠20.95
[33]

National Rugby League
Rugby league football
 Australia New Zealand
2015
16
7002241000000000000♠241
7001140000000000000♠14.0
[34]

Swiss Super League
Association football
  Switzerland Liechtenstein[h]
2015–16
10
7002227000000000000♠227
7001227000000000000♠22.70
[21]

Ligue 2
Association football
 France
2016–17
20
7002219000000000000♠219
7001110000000000000♠11.0
[12]

Danish Superliga
Association football
 Denmark
2015–16
12 [i]
7002203000000000000♠203
7001169200000000000♠16.92
[21][22]

Canadian Football League
Canadian football
 Canada
2015
9
7002200000000000000♠200
7001220000000000000♠22
[35]

Swedish Hockey League
Ice hockey
 Sweden
2016–17
14
7002186000000000000♠186
7001133000000000000♠13.3
[36]

EFL League One
Association football
 England
2015–16
24
7002181900000000000♠181.9 [j]
7000758000000000000♠7.58
[22]

Categoria Primera A
Association football
 Colombia
–
18
7002176000000000000♠176
7001100000000000000♠10
[28]

National League
Ice hockey
  Switzerland
2013–14
12
7002167000000000000♠167
7001139000000000000♠13.9
[37]

Austrian Football Bundesliga
Association football
 Austria
2015–16
10
7002163000000000000♠163
7001163000000000000♠16.30
[21][22]

3. Liga
Association football
 Germany
2016–17
20
7002155000000000000♠155
7000860000000000000♠8.6
[38]

Allsvenskan
Association football
 Sweden
2016
16
7002150000000000000♠150
7000938000000000000♠9.38
[21]

Scottish Premiership
Association football
 Scotland
2015–16
12
7002148000000000000♠148
7001123300000000000♠12.33
[21][22]

Tippeligaen [k]
Association football
 Norway
2016
16
7002146000000000000♠146
7000913000000000000♠9.13
[21]

Superleague Greece
Association football
 Greece
2015–16
16
7002142000000000000♠142
7000888000000000000♠8.88
[21]

Ekstraklasa
Association football
 Poland
2015–16
16
7002125000000000000♠125
7000781000000000000♠7.81
[21]

Deutsche Eishockey Liga
Ice hockey
 Germany
2016–17
14
7002117000000000000♠117
7000840000000000000♠8.4
[39]

Chilean Primera Division
Association football
 Chile
–
18
7002113000000000000♠113
7000630000000000000♠6.3
[28]

EFL League Two
Association football
 England Wales
2015–16
24
7002115000000000000♠115 [l]
7000479000000000000♠4.79
[22]

South African Premier Division
Association football
 South Africa
–
16
7002111000000000000♠111
7000690000000000000♠6.9
[40]

Basketball Bundesliga
Basketball
 Germany
2016–17
18
7002110000000000000♠110
7000610000000000000♠6.1
[41]

Kazakhstan Premier League
Association football
 Kazakhstan
2016
12
7002105000000000000♠105
7000875000000000000♠8.75
[21]

Handball-Bundesliga
Handball
 Germany
2016–17
18
7002103000000000000♠103
7000570000000000000♠5.7
[42]

Rugby Pro D2
Rugby union football
 France
2016–17
16
7001997000000000000♠99.7
7000620000000000000♠6.2
[43]

B1 League

Basketball

 Japan

2016–17

18

96.4

5.3

[44]

Egyptian Premier League
Association football
 Egypt
–
20
7001950000000000000♠95
7000470000000000000♠4.7
[45]

Ukrainian Premier League
Association football
 Ukraine
2015–16
14
7001940000000000000♠94
7000671000000000000♠6.71
[21]

SM-liiga
Ice hockey
 Finland
2016–17
15
7001940000000000000♠94
7000630000000000000♠6.3
[46]

Israeli Premier League
Association football
 Israel
2015–16
14
7001910000000000000♠91
7000650000000000000♠6.50
[21]

Mexican Pacific League
Baseball
 Mexico
2012–13
8
7001720000000000000♠72
7000900000000000000♠9
[47]

Czech First League
Association football
 Czech Republic
2015–16
16
7001710000000000000♠71
7000444000000000000♠4.44
[21]

A-League
Association football
 Australia New Zealand
2012–13
10
7001630000000000000♠63
7000630000000000000♠6.3
[48]

Eerste Divisie
Association football
 Netherlands
2014–15
20
7001610000000000000♠61
7000310000000000000♠3.1
[49]

Hungary First League
Association football
 Hungary
2015–16
12
7001600000000000000♠60
7000500000000000000♠5.00
[21]

Super League
Rugby league football
 England France
2015
12
7001600000000000000♠60
7000500000000000000♠5.0
[50]

Liga I
Association football
 Romania
2015–16
14
7001580000000000000♠58
7000414009999999999♠4.14
[21]

Chinese Basketball Association
Basketball
 China
2012–13
17
7001530000000000000♠53
7000310000000000000♠3.1
[51]

Indian Super League
Association football
 India
2017-18
10
7001500000000000000♠50
7000500000000000000♠5
[52]

Croatian First Football League
Association football
 Croatia
2015–16
10
7001470000000000000♠47
7000470000000000000♠4.70
[21]

Cypriot First Division
Association football
 Cyprus
2015–16
14
7001460000000000000♠46
7000329000000000000♠3.29
[21]

A Group
Association football
 Bulgaria
2015–16
10
7001410000000000000♠41
7000410009999999999♠4.10
[21]

J3 League

Association football

 Japan

2015

12

7001350000000000000♠35

7000290000000000000♠2.9

[53]

Belarusian Premier League
Association football
 Belarus
2016
16
7001350000000000000♠35
7000219000000000000♠2.19
[21]

Azerbaijan Premier League
Association football
 Azerbaijan
2015–16
10
7001320000000000000♠32
7000320000000000000♠3.20
[21]

Liga ACB
Basketball
 Spain Andorra
2016–17
18
7001300000000000000♠30
7000170000000000000♠1.7
[54]

Slovak Super Liga
Association football
 Slovakia
2015–16
12
7001300000000000000♠30
7000250000000000000♠2.50
[21]

B2 League

Basketball

 Japan

2016–17

18

28.3

1.6

[44]

Veikkausliiga
Association football
 Finland
2016
12
7001240000000000000♠24
7000200000000000000♠2.00
[21]

Mexican League

Baseball

 Mexico

2016

16

7001230000000000000♠23

7000150000000000000♠1.5

[55]

Serbian SuperLiga
Association football
 Serbia
2015–16
16
7001200000000000000♠20
7000125000000000000♠1.25
[21]

League of Ireland Premier Division
Association football
 Ireland
2016
12
7001190000000000000♠19
7000158000000000000♠1.58
[21]

Úrvalsdeild
Association football
 Iceland
2016
12
7001160000000000000♠16
7000133000000000000♠1.33
[21]

Slovenian PrvaLiga
Association football
 Slovenia
2015–16
10
7001150000000000000♠15
7000150000000000000♠1.50
[21]

Umaglesi Liga
Association football
 Georgia
2015–16
16
7001150000000000000♠15
6999940000000000000♠0.94
[21]

Macedonian First Football League
Association football
 Macedonia
2015–16
10
7001100000000000000♠10
7000100000000000000♠1.00
[21]

Luxembourg National Division
Association football
 Luxembourg
2015–16
14
7001100000000000000♠10
6999680000000000000♠0.68
[21]

Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Association football
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2015–16
16
7000870000000099999♠8.7
6999540000000000000♠0.54
[21]

NIFL Premiership
Association football
 Northern Ireland
2015–16
12
7000860000000000000♠8.6
6999720000000000000♠0.72
[21]

Albanian Superliga
Association football
 Albania
2015–16
10
7000800000000000000♠8.0
6999800000000000000♠0.80
[21]

Meistriliiga
Association football
 Estonia
2016
10
7000730000000000000♠7.3
6999730000000000000♠0.73
[21]

Maltese Premier League
Association football
 Malta
2015–16
12
7000620000000000000♠6.2
6999520000000000000♠0.52
[21]

Faroe Islands Premier League
Association football
 Faroe Islands
2016
10
7000550000000000000♠5.5
6999550000000000000♠0.55
[21]

A Lyga
Association football
 Lithuania
2016
8
7000540000000000000♠5.4
6999680000000000000♠0.68
[21]

Moldovan National Division
Association football
 Moldova
2015–16
10
7000500000000000000♠5.0
6999500000000000000♠0.50
[21]

Montenegrin First League
Association football
 Montenegro
2015–16
12
7000500000000000000♠5.0
6999420000000000000♠0.42
[21]

Welsh Premier League
Association football
 Wales
2015–16
12
7000500000000000000♠5.0
6999420000000000000♠0.42
[21]

Latvian Higher League
Association football
 Latvia
2016
8
7000460000000099999♠4.6
6999579990000000000♠0.58
[21]

Armenian Premier League
Association football
 Armenia
2015–16
8
7000370000000000000♠3.7
6999460000000000000♠0.46
[21]

Gibraltar Premier Division
Association football
 Gibraltar
2015–16
10
7000230000000099999♠2.3
6999230000000000000♠0.23
[21]

Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
Association football
 San Marino
2015–16
15
7000230000000099999♠2.3
6999150000000000000♠0.15
[21]

Primera Divisió
Association football
 Andorra
2015–16
8
7000210000000000000♠2.1
6999260000000000000♠0.26
[21]

tag: table

text:
Jump up ^ Number of teams in the season referenced in this table. Due to league expansion and contraction, does not necessarily match the number of current teams.

Jump up ^ The NHL expanded to 31 teams starting with the 2017–18 season.

Jump up ^ MLS expanded to 23 teams starting with the 2018 season.

Jump up ^ Cited revenue was £556 million; approximate average exchange rate of €1.33773 per £1 for 2015–16 season used here.[21]

Jump up ^ Cited revenue was USD 378.78 million; approximate average exchange rate of USD 0.9 per EUR 1 for 2016 season used here.

Jump up ^ Renamed as Belgian First Division A effective with the 2016–17 season.

Jump up ^ Cited revenue was £187.9 million; approximate average exchange rate of €1.33773 per £1 for 2015–16 season used here.[21]

Jump up ^ During the 2015–16 season cited in this table, the Super League included FC Vaduz, based in Liechtenstein (whose football clubs all play in the Swiss league system). Vaduz were relegated at the end of the 2016–17 season, making the Super League once again an all-Swiss circuit.

Jump up ^ The Danish Superliga expanded to 14 teams starting with the 2016–17 season.

Jump up ^ Cited revenue was £136 million; approximate average exchange rate of €1.33773 per £1 for 2015–16 season used here.[21]

Jump up ^ Renamed Eliteserien effective with the 2017 season.

Jump up ^ Cited revenue was £86 million; approximate average exchange rate of €1.33773 per £1 for 2015–16 season used here.[21]

tag: ol