document_title: Vein

question_text: where are veins located in the human body

text: Vein

text: Structure[edit]

text: Veins are present throughout the body as tubes that carry blood back to the heart. Veins are classified in a number of ways, including superficial vs. deep, pulmonary vs. systemic, and large vs. small.

text:
Superficial veins are those closer to the surface of the body, and have no corresponding arteries.
Deep veins are deeper in the body and have corresponding arteries.
Perforator veins drain from the superficial to the deep veins.[1] These are usually referred to in the lower limbs and feet.
Communicating veins are veins that directly connect superficial veins to deep veins.
Pulmonary veins are a set of veins that deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Systemic veins drain the tissues of the body and deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart.

text: Most veins are equipped with valves to prevent blood flowing in the reverse direction.

text: Veins are translucent, so the color a vein appears from an organism's exterior is determined in large part by the color of venous blood, which is usually dark red as a result of its low oxygen content. Veins appear blue because the subcutaneous fat absorbs low-frequency light, permitting only the highly energetic blue wavelengths to penetrate through to the dark vein and reflect back to the viewer. The colour of a vein can be affected by the characteristics of a person's skin, how much oxygen is being carried in the blood, and how big and deep the vessels are.[2] When a vein is drained of blood and removed from an organism, it appears grey-white.[citation needed]

text: Venous system[edit]

text: The largest veins in the human body are the venae cavae. These are two large veins which enter the right atrium of the heart from above and below. The superior vena cava carries blood from the arms and head to the right atrium of the heart, while the inferior vena cava carries blood from the legs and abdomen to the heart. The inferior vena cava is retroperitoneal and runs to the right and roughly parallel to the abdominal aorta along the spine. Large veins feed into these two veins, and smaller veins into these. Together this forms the venous system.

text: Whilst the main veins hold a relatively constant position, the position of veins person to person can display quite a lot of variation.[citation needed]

text: The pulmonary veins carry relatively oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The superior and inferior venae cavae carry relatively deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower systemic circulations, respectively.

text: The portal venous system is a series of veins or venules that directly connect two capillary beds. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal vein and hypophyseal portal system.

text: The peripheral veins carry blood from the limbs and hands and feet.

text: Microanatomy[edit]

text: Microscopically, veins have a thick outer layer made of connective tissue, called the tunica externa or tunica adventitia. There is a middle layer of bands of smooth muscle called tunica media, which are, in general, much thinner than those of arteries, as veins do not function primarily in a contractile manner and are not subject to the high pressures of systole, as arteries are. The interior is lined with endothelial cells called tunica intima. The precise location of veins varies much more from person to person than that of arteries.[3]

text: Function[edit]

text: Veins serve to return blood from organs to the heart. Veins are also called "capacitance vessels" because most of the blood volume (60%) is contained within veins. In systemic circulation oxygenated blood is pumped by the left ventricle through the arteries to the muscles and organs of the body, where its nutrients and gases are exchanged at capillaries. After taking up cellular waste and carbon dioxide in capillaries, blood is channeled through vessels that converge with one another to form venules, which continue to converge and form the larger veins. The de-oxygenated blood is taken by veins to the right atrium of the heart, which transfers the blood to the right ventricle, where it is then pumped through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. In pulmonary circulation the pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, which empties into the left ventricle, completing the cycle of blood circulation.

text: The return of blood to the heart is assisted by the action of the muscle pump, and by the thoracic pump action of breathing during respiration. Standing or sitting for a prolonged period of time can cause low venous return from venous pooling (vascular) shock. Fainting can occur but usually baroreceptors within the aortic sinuses initiate a baroreflex such that angiotensin II and norepinephrine stimulate vasoconstriction and heart rate increases to return blood flow. Neurogenic and hypovolaemic shock can also cause fainting. In these cases, the smooth muscles surrounding the veins become slack and the veins fill with the majority of the blood in the body, keeping blood away from the brain and causing unconsciousness. Jet pilots wear pressurized suits to help maintain their venous return and blood pressure.

text: The arteries are perceived as carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This is true of the systemic circulation, by far the larger of the two circuits of blood in the body, which transports oxygen from the heart to the tissues of the body. However, in pulmonary circulation, the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and veins return blood from the lungs to the heart. The difference between veins and arteries is their direction of flow (out of the heart by arteries, returning to the heart for veins), not their oxygen content. In addition, deoxygenated blood that is carried from the tissues back to the heart for reoxygenation in the systemic circulation still carries some oxygen, though it is considerably less than that carried by the systemic arteries or pulmonary veins.

text: Although most veins take blood back to the heart, there is an exception. Portal veins carry blood between capillary beds. For example, the hepatic portal vein takes blood from the capillary beds in the digestive tract and transports it to the capillary beds in the liver. The blood is then drained in the gastrointestinal tract and spleen, where it is taken up by the hepatic veins, and blood is taken back into the heart. Since this is an important function in mammals, damage to the hepatic portal vein can be dangerous. Blood clotting in the hepatic portal vein can cause portal hypertension, which results in a decrease of blood fluid to the liver.

text: Cardiac veins[edit]

text: The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins. These include the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the smallest cardiac veins, and the anterior cardiac veins. Coronary veins carry blood with a poor level of oxygen, from the myocardium to the right atrium. Most of the blood of the coronary veins returns through the coronary sinus. The anatomy of the veins of the heart is very variable, but generally it is formed by the following veins: heart veins that go into the coronary sinus: the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the posterior vein of the left ventricle, and the vein of Marshall. Heart veins that go directly to the right atrium: the anterior cardiac veins, the smallest cardiac veins (Thebesian veins).[4]

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Diseases[edit]

text: Venous insufficiency[edit]

text: Venous insufficiency is the most common disorder of the venous system, and is usually manifested as spider veins or varicose veins. Several varieties of treatments are used, depending on the patient's particular type and pattern of veins and on the physician's preferences. Treatment can include Endovenous Thermal Ablation using radiofrequency or laser energy, vein stripping, ambulatory phlebectomy, foam sclerotherapy, lasers, or compression.

text: Postphlebitic syndrome is venous insufficiency that develops following deep vein thrombosis.[5]

text: Deep vein thrombosis[edit]

text: Deep vein thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein. This is usually the veins of the legs, although it can also occur in the veins of the arms. Immobility, active cancer, obesity, traumatic damage and congenital disorders that make clots more likely are all risk factors for deep vein thrombosis. It can cause the affected limb to swell, and cause pain and an overlying skin rash. In the worst case, a deep vein thrombosis can extend, or a part of a clot can break off and land in the lungs, called pulmonary embolism.

text: The decision to treat deep vein thrombosis depends on its size, a person's symptoms, and their risk factors. It generally involves anticoagulation to prevents clots or to reduce the size of the clot.

text: Portal hypertension[edit]

text: The portal veins are found within the abdomen and carry blood through to the liver. Portal hypertension is associated with cirrhosis or disease of the liver, or other conditions such as an obstructing clot (Budd Chiari syndrome) or compression from tumours or tuberculosis lesions. When the pressure increases in the portal veins, a collateral circulation develops, causing visible veins such as oesophageal varices.

text: Other[edit]

text: Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory condition of the veins related to blood clots.

text: Imaging[edit]

text: Ultrasound, particularly duplex ultrasound, is a common way that veins can be seen.

text: Veins of clinical significance[edit]

text: The Batson Venous plexus, or simply Batson's Plexus, runs through the inner vertebral column connecting the thoracic and pelvic veins. These veins get their notoriety from the fact that they are valveless, which is believed to be the reason for metastasis of certain cancers.

text: The great saphenous vein is the most important superficial vein of the lower limb. First described by the Persian physician Avicenna, this vein derives its name from the word safina, meaning "hidden". This vein is "hidden" in its own fascial compartment in the thigh and exits the fascia only near the knee. Incompetence of this vein is an important cause of varicose veins of lower limbs.

text: The Thebesian veins within the myocardium of the heart are valveless veins that drain directly into the chambers of the heart. The coronary veins all empty into the coronary sinus which empties into the right atrium.

text: The dural venous sinuses within the dura mater surrounding the brain receive blood from the brain and also are a point of entry of cerebrospinal fluid from arachnoid villi absorption. Blood eventually enters the internal jugular vein.

text: Phlebology[edit]

text: Look up phlebology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Phlebology is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of venous disorders. A medical specialist in phlebology is termed a phlebologist. A related image is called a phlebograph.

text: The American Medical Association added phlebology to their list of self-designated practice specialties in 2005. In 2007 the American Board of Phlebology (ABPh), subsequently known as the American Board of Venous & Lymphatic Medicine (ABVLM), was established to improve the standards of phlebologists and the quality of their patient care by establishing a certification examination, as well as requiring maintenance of certification. Although As of 2017[update] not a Member Board of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS), the American Board of Venous & Lymphatic Medicine uses a certification exam based on ABMS standards.

text: The American College of Phlebology (ACP), one of the largest medical societies in the world for physicians and allied health professionals working in the field of phlebology, has 2000 members. The ACP encourages education and training to improve the standards of medical practitioners and the quality of patient care.

text: The American Venous Forum (AVF) is a medical society for physicians and allied health professionals dedicated to improving the care of patients with venous and lymphatic disease. The majority of its members manage the entire spectrum of venous and lymphatic diseases – from varicose veins to congenital abnormalities to deep vein thrombosis to chronic venous diseases. Founded in 1987, the AVF encourages research, clinical innovation, hands-on education, data collection and patient outreach.

text: History[edit]

text: The earliest known writings on the circulatory system are found in the Ebers Papyrus (16th century BCE), an ancient Egyptian medical papyrus containing over 700 prescriptions and remedies, both physical and spiritual. In the papyrus, it acknowledges the connection of the heart to the arteries. The Egyptians thought air came in through the mouth and into the lungs and heart. From the heart, the air travelled to every member through the arteries. Although this concept of the circulatory system is only partially correct, it represents one of the earliest accounts of scientific thought.

text: In the 6th century BCE, the knowledge of circulation of vital fluids through the body was known to the Ayurvedic physician Sushruta in ancient India.[6] He also seems to have possessed knowledge of the arteries, described as 'channels' by Dwivedi & Dwivedi (2007).[6] The valves of the heart were discovered by a physician of the Hippocratean school around the 4th century BCE. However their function was not properly understood then. Because blood pools in the veins after death, arteries look empty. Ancient anatomists assumed they were filled with air and that they were for transport of air.

text: The Greek physician, Herophilus, distinguished veins from arteries but thought that the pulse was a property of arteries themselves. Greek anatomist Erasistratus observed that arteries that were cut during life bleed. He ascribed the fact to the phenomenon that air escaping from an artery is replaced with blood that entered by very small vessels between veins and arteries. Thus he apparently postulated capillaries but with reversed flow of blood.[7]

text: In 2nd century AD Rome, the Greek physician Galen knew that blood vessels carried blood and identified venous (dark red) and arterial (brighter and thinner) blood, each with distinct and separate functions. Growth and energy were derived from venous blood created in the liver from chyle, while arterial blood gave vitality by containing pneuma (air) and originated in the heart. Blood flowed from both creating organs to all parts of the body where it was consumed and there was no return of blood to the heart or liver. The heart did not pump blood around, the heart's motion sucked blood in during diastole and the blood moved by the pulsation of the arteries themselves.

text: Galen believed that the arterial blood was created by venous blood passing from the left ventricle to the right by passing through 'pores' in the interventricular septum, air passed from the lungs via the pulmonary artery to the left side of the heart. As the arterial blood was created 'sooty' vapors were created and passed to the lungs also via the pulmonary artery to be exhaled.

text: In 1025, The Canon of Medicine by the Persian physician, Avicenna, "erroneously accepted the Greek notion regarding the existence of a hole in the ventricular septum by which the blood traveled between the ventricles." While also refining Galen's erroneous theory of the pulse, Avicenna provided the first correct explanation of pulsation: "Every beat of the pulse comprises two movements and two pauses. Thus, expansion : pause : contraction : pause. [...] The pulse is a movement in the heart and arteries ... which takes the form of alternate expansion and contraction."[8]

text: In 1242, the Arabian physician, Ibn al-Nafis, became the first person to accurately describe the process of pulmonary circulation,[9] for which he has been described as the Arab Father of Circulation.[10] Ibn al-Nafis stated in his Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon:

text: "...the blood from the right chamber of the heart must arrive at the left chamber but there is no direct pathway between them. The thick septum of the heart is not perforated and does not have visible pores as some people thought or invisible pores as Galen thought. The blood from the right chamber must flow through the vena arteriosa (pulmonary artery) to the lungs, spread through its substances, be mingled there with air, pass through the arteria venosa (pulmonary vein) to reach the left chamber of the heart and there form the vital spirit..."

text: In addition, Ibn al-Nafis had an insight into what would become a larger theory of the capillary circulation. He stated that "there must be small communications or pores (manafidh in Arabic) between the pulmonary artery and vein," a prediction that preceded the discovery of the capillary system by more than 400 years.[11] Ibn al-Nafis' theory, however, was confined to blood transit in the lungs and did not extend to the entire body.

text: Michael Servetus was the first European to describe the function of pulmonary circulation, although his achievement was not widely recognized at the time, for a few reasons. He firstly described it in the "Manuscript of Paris"[12][13] (near 1546), but this work was never published. And later he published this description, but in a theological treatise, Christianismi Restitutio, not in a book on medicine. Only three copies of the book survived but these remained hidden for decades, the rest were burned shortly after its publication in 1553 because of persecution of Servetus by religious authorities.

text: Better known discovery of pulmonary circulation was by Vesalius's successor at Padua, Realdo Colombo, in 1559.

text: Finally, William Harvey, a pupil of Hieronymus Fabricius (who had earlier described the valves of the veins without recognizing their function), performed a sequence of experiments, and published Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus in 1628, which "demonstrated that there had to be a direct connection between the venous and arterial systems throughout the body, and not just the lungs. Most importantly, he argued that the beat of the heart produced a continuous circulation of blood through minute connections at the extremities of the body. This is a conceptual leap that was quite different from Ibn al-Nafis' refinement of the anatomy and bloodflow in the heart and lungs."[14] This work, with its essentially correct exposition, slowly convinced the medical world. However, Harvey was not able to identify the capillary system connecting arteries and veins; these were later discovered by Marcello Malpighi in 1661.

text: In 1956, André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system."[15] In his Nobel lecture, Forssmann credits Harvey as birthing cardiology with the publication of his book in 1628.[16]

text: In the 1970s, Diana McSherry developed computer-based systems to create images of the circulatory system and heart without the need for surgery.[17]


document_title: Wrecked (U.S. TV series)

question_text: who plays rosa in season 2 of wrecked

question_tokens: who plays rosa in season 2 of wrecked

root

text: Wrecked (U.S. TV series)

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Zach Cregger as Owen O'Connor[3], a flight attendant
Asif Ali as Pack Hara[3], a sports agent
Rhys Darby as Steve Rutherford, a New Zealander from Papakura
Brooke Dillman as Karen Cushman/Sister Mercy[3], a statistical analysis executive for Bing
Ginger Gonzaga as Emma Cook[3], a podiatrist (main Season 1, guest Season 2)
Will Greenberg as Todd Hinkle[3]
Jessica Lowe as Florence Bitterman[3], Emma's best friend, a pretentious feminist
Ally Maki as Jess Kato[3], Todd's girlfriend, and later, fiancee
Brian Sacca as Daniel "Danny" Wallace[3], the son of a rich businessman
James Scott as Liam[3], a British soldier (pilot only)

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Pablo Azar as Pablo (Season 1)
George Basil as Chet Smart[3]
Lela Elam as Diane from Toledo
Todd Allen Durkin as Kurt Turdhole
Brendan Jennings as Jerry, a deceased castaway (Season 1)
Mike Benitez as Roger (Season 1)
Will McLaughlin as Bruce
Ruben Rabasa as Yolonzo (Season 1)
Rory Scovel as Corey
Eliza Coupe as Rosa, Owen's co-worker (Season 1)
Erinn Hayes as Rosa, Owen's co-worker (Season 2)
Ebonee Noel as The Barracuda
Ravi Patel as Tank Top
Lucas Hazlett as Bandana
Shaun Diston as V-Neck
Patrick Cox as Flannel
Jemaine Clement as Luther (Season 2)
Dink O'Neal as Richard "Dick" Wallace, Danny's father

text: Guest starring[edit]

text:
Darin Toonder as Owen's father
Luke Nappe as Young Owen
Gary Anthony Williams as Gary, Jerry's deceased friend
Josh Lawson as Eric, Steve's boss
Elke Berry as Carol, Steve's ex-wife
Jamie Denbo as Greta Liebowitz, Pack's boss
Chris Bosh as Himself
Marc Evan Jackson as Father Daddy
Sara Paxton as Sister Grace
Britt Lower[4] as Margot Wallace, Danny's sister

text: Development[edit]

text: TBS ordered the production of the pilot episode written by Jordan Shipley and Justin Shipley in October 2014. The show follows a group of people after they survived a plane crash on a deserted island. [5] The pilot was filmed in Puerto Rico [3] and was picked up to series with a 10-episode order in May 2015.[6]

tag: p

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"All Is Not Lost"
James Griffiths
Jordan Shipley & Justin Shipley
June 14, 2016 (2016-06-14)
101
1.64[7]

A striking British special forces agent leads a daring rescue after a commercial flight crash-lands on an uninhabited island.

2
2
"Rest in Peace, Callaway Hinkle"
James Griffiths
Jordan Shipley & Justin Shipley
June 14, 2016 (2016-06-14)
102
1.21[7]

The survivors find a satellite phone. Danny confronts his past. Steve comforts Todd after learning about the death of his child.

3
3
"Always Meant to See That"
Stuart McDonald
Chris Kula
June 21, 2016 (2016-06-21)
103
1.37[8]

Todd, Danny, and Owen investigate the other islanders after unearthing a troubling suitcase. Pack, Emma, and Florence are faced with the ultimate choice.

4
4
"The Community Pile"
Stuart McDonald
Ben Dougan
June 28, 2016 (2016-06-28)
104
1.22[9]

Chet takes Pack on a vision quest. Danny helps Owen relax. Todd makes a play to control the island.

5
5
"Tubthumping"
Jeff Tomsic
Chris Kula
July 5, 2016 (2016-07-05)
105
1.38[10]

The island holds an election for leader. Candidates are Emma, Florence, and Steve. Eventually Steve wins. Todd gets incarcerated into "The Pit."

6
6
"The Phantom"
Stuart McDonald
Carol Kolb
July 12, 2016 (2016-07-12)
106
1.15[11]

Steve and Owen argue over the best use of island supplies. Danny tries to remember an actor's name. Pack faces a difficult decision.

7
7
"The Trial"
Ryan Case
Rosa Handelman
July 19, 2016 (2016-07-19)
107
1.24[12]

The island holds a trial after a serious accident.

8
8
"The Adventures of Beth and Lamar"
Stuart McDonald
Clay Lapari & Erin Mitchell
July 26, 2016 (2016-07-26)
108
1.22[13]

Owen and Danny search for food. Florence tries desperately to get a sick Emma medical help. Steve's origins are revealed.

9
9
"Javier and the Gang"
Todd Biermann
Jordan Shipley & Justin Shipley
August 2, 2016 (2016-08-02)
109
1.17[14]

Owen has an encounter in the jungle. Florence and Todd try to survive off the island.

10
10
"Cop Tricks"
Todd Biermann
Jordan Shipley & Justin Shipley
August 2, 2016 (2016-08-02)
110
0.92[14]

Owen and Steve face off for control of the island.

tag: table

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"Ransom"
Ian Fitzgibbon
The Shipley Brothers
June 20, 2017 (2017-06-20)
201
1.21[15]

Pirates arrive on the island to ransom Danny back to his millionaire father, but things don't go as planned for anyone.

12
2
"Poison"
Ian Fitzgibbon
Anthony King
June 20, 2017 (2017-06-20)
202
0.86[15]

As the pirates take over the island, Pack tries to negotiate a deal for the group's continued survival. Steve tries to make an alliance with Danny.

13
3
"Caiman"
Maurice Marable
Shaun Diston
June 27, 2017 (2017-06-27)
203
1.02[16]

Florence and Karen must trek into the jungle to find what is tainting their water. The castaways debate whether they want the pirates to spoil "Game of Thrones." Steve begins an unlikely romance.

14
4
"Tony Pepperoni"
Sarah Adina Smith
Chris Kula
July 11, 2017 (2017-07-11)
204
0.87[17]

Owen and Florence deal with the return of a deadly foe. Todd makes a haunting discovery about his past after trying to fist fight Chet.

15
5
"No One Rides for Free"
Maurice Marable
Celeste Ballard
July 18, 2017 (2017-07-18)
205
0.94[18]

Jess and Todd try to buy passage on the pirate's ship through unconventional means. Owen starts to have feelings for Florence as Steve grapples with his new love.

16
6
"Sister Mercy"
Sarah Adina Smith
Anthony King
July 25, 2017 (2017-07-25)
206
0.98[19]

After discovering the pirate's plan to harvest their organs, the survivors try to escape the island. Karen makes a difficult decision that echoes a moment from her past.

17
7
"Cruise-ifornication"
Emile Levisetti
Chris Kula
August 1, 2017 (2017-08-01)
207
1.08[20]

After making it onto the pirate's ship (a Red Hot Chili Peppers tribute band cruise), the survivors divide after only some of them get showers. Pack and Bruce form an unlikely friendship.

18
8
"Speed"
Jim Field Smith
Lauren McGuire
August 8, 2017 (2017-08-08)
208
1.00[21]

After Todd and Jess decide to get married, Florence and Owen struggle to define their new romance. Casey returns to officiate the wedding. Pack and Steve make a discovery that threatens to tear them apart.

19
9
"The Setup"
Jim Field Smith
The Shipley Brothers
August 15, 2017 (2017-08-15)
209
1.01[22]

Danny launches an investigation after the survivors discover someone has sabotaged the ship by blowing the engine. Steve makes a shocking discovery at the bottom of the ship.

20
10
"Nerd Speak"
James Griffiths
The Shipley Brothers
August 22, 2017 (2017-08-22)
210
1.08[23]

As the ship sinks, the survivors try to escape.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Wrecked has received mixed reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds a score of 58%, based on 10 reviews. The critics consensus reads: "Wrecked is an imaginative spoof of Lost with a game cast that doesn't have enough good material to work with."[24] On Metacritic, the show holds a metascore of 56, indicating mixed or average reviews.[25]


document_title: List of NASCAR drivers

question_text: who drives the number 15 car in nascar 2017

text: List of NASCAR drivers

text: Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the 2018 AAA 400 Drive for Autism. (Race 11/36)

text:
Key

Symbol

Meaning

*

Driver has qualified for 2018 NASCAR playoffs

(i)

Driver is not eligible for championship points

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

A. J. Allmendinger

47

2007

346

1

10

54

4

13th (2014)

Aric Almirola

10

2007

255

1

11

36

1

16th (2014)

Trevor Bayne

6

2010

177

1

5

16

0

12th (2016, 2017)

Ryan Blaney

12

2014

101

1

11

31

3

9th (2017)

Alex Bowman

88

2014

92

0

1

6

2

33rd (2015)

Clint Bowyer*

14

2005

444

9

67

187

2

2nd (2012)

Chris Buescher

37

2015

89

1

3

7

0

16th (2016)

Kurt Busch

41

2000

623

29

133

263

23

1st (2004)

Kyle Busch*

18

2004

473

46

168

249

29

1st (2015)

William Byron

24

2018

11

0

0

1

0

N/A

Matt DiBenedetto

32

2015

115

0

0

3

0

32nd (2017)

Austin Dillon*

3

2011

168

2

10

28

3

11th (2017)

Ty Dillon

13

2014

65

0

0

0

0

24th (2017)

Chase Elliott

9

2015

88

0

25

43

3

5th (2017)

Gray Gaulding

23

2016

40

0

0

1

0

34th (2017)

Denny Hamlin

11

2005

445

31

136

224

26

2nd (2010)

Kevin Harvick*

4

2001

621

41

176

316

23

1st (2014)

Jimmie Johnson

48

2001

590

83

223

345

35

1st (2006–2010, 2013, 2016)

Erik Jones

20

2015

50

0

6

18

1

19th (2017)

Kasey Kahne

95

2004

515

18

92

175

27

4th (2012)

Brad Keselowski

2

2008

316

24

92

153

14

1st (2012)

Kyle Larson

42

2013

158

5

38

68

5

8th (2017)

Joey Logano*

22

2008

338

19

95

162

19

2nd (2016)

Michael McDowell

34

2008

260

0

1

6

0

26th (2017)

Jamie McMurray

1

2002

557

7

62

161

11

11th (2004)

Paul Menard

21

2003

410

1

19

60

1

14th (2015)

Ryan Newman

31

2000

595

18

112

241

51

2nd (2014)

David Ragan

38

2006

409

2

15

40

2

13th (2008)

Ricky Stenhouse Jr.

17

2011

195

2

13

28

2

13th (2017)

Daniel Suárez

19

2017

47

0

2

16

0

20th (2017)

Martin Truex Jr.*

78

2004

452

16

73

166

18

1st (2017)

Darrell Wallace Jr.

43

2017

15

0

1

2

0

N/A

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Landon Cassill

00

2010

263

0

1

1

0

29th (2016)

Ross Chastain (i)

15

2017

12

0

0

0

0

N/A

Derrike Cope

99

1982

425

2

6

32

1

15th (1995)

Cole Custer (i)

51

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Chad Finchum (i)

66

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Joey Gase (i)

00

2014

24

0

0

0

0

N/A

Brendan Gaughan

62

2004

56

0

1

5

0

28th (2004)

David Gilliland

92

2006

333

0

4

8

3

26th (2013)

Daniel Hemric (i)

8

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Timmy Hill (i)

51

2012

66

0

0

0

0

38th (2013)

D. J. Kennington

96

2016

10

0

0

0

0

39th (2017)

Corey LaJoie

72

2014

38

0

0

0

0

N/A

Carl Long

66

2000

26

0

0

0

0

53rd (2005)

Justin Marks

51

2013

4

0

0

0

0

46th (2013)

Timothy Peters (i)

92

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Harrison Rhodes

51

2018

5

0

0

0

0

N/A

Reed Sorenson

55

2005

296

0

5

15

1

22nd (2007)

Mark Thompson

66

1992

3

0

0

0

0

90th (1992)

Cody Ware (i)

51

2017

6

0

0

0

0

43st (2017)

Cole Whitt

72

2011

156

0

0

0

0

31st (2014, 2015)

J. J. Yeley (i)

23

2004

259

0

2

8

1

21st (2007)

text: Free agents[edit]

text:
Driver

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Previous Team

Josh Bilicki

2017

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

No. 51 - Rick Ware Racing

Ray Black Jr.

2017

3

0

0

0

0

N/A

No. 51 - Rick Ware Racing

Gary Klutt

2017

1

0

0

0

0

42nd (2017)

No. 15 - Premium Motorsports

Stephen Leicht

2006

18

0

0

0

0

41st (2012)

No. 83 - BK Racing

B. J. McLeod

2015

9

0

0

0

0

N/A

No. 51 - Rick Ware Racing

Brett Moffitt

2014

45

0

0

1

0

34th (2015)

No. 83 - BK Racing

Kevin O'Connell

2017

1

0

0

0

0

46th (2017)

No. 15 - Premium Motorsports

Danica Patrick

2012

191

0

0

7

1

24th (2015, 2016)

No. 7 - Premium Motorsports

Tommy Regan

2017

1

0

0

0

0

47th (2017)

No. 55 - Premium Motorsports

Hermie Sadler

1996

65

0

0

0

0

44th (2004, 2005)

No. 7 - Premium Motorsports

Regan Smith

2007

213

1

4

13

0

24th (2012)

No. 43 - Richard Petty Motorsports

David Starr

2011

7

0

0

0

0

N/A

No. 66 - MBM Motorsports

Kyle Weatherman

2017

2

0

0

0

0

45th (2017)

No. 51 - Rick Ware Racing

text: Xfinity Series drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the 2018 Fitzgerald Glider Kits 300 (Race 7/33)

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Justin Allgaier

7

2008

247

5

56

133

6

3rd (2011, 2016, 2017)

Michael Annett

5

2008

203

0

8

41

0

5th (2012)

Christopher Bell

20

2017

15

1

7

9

4

N/A

Josh Bilicki

45

2016

14

0

0

0

0

44th (2017)

Spencer Boyd

76

2016

15

0

0

0

0

48th (2017)

Ross Chastain

4

2014

113

0

1

10

0

13th (2017)

Austin Cindric

22

2017

8

0

0

2

0

N/A

Jeremy Clements

51

2003

273

1

2

13

0

12th (2017)

Cole Custer

00

2016

45

1

9

26

1

5th (2017)

Chad Finchum

40

2017

14

0

0

0

0

49th (2017)

Spencer Gallagher

23

2016

47

0

1

6

0

19th (2017)

Joey Gase

35

2011

182

0

1

3

0

20th (2014)

Kaz Grala

24

2018

7

0

1

1

0

N/A

Jeff Green

93

1990

487

16

87

129

23

1st (2000)

Daniel Hemric

21

2017

40

0

10

21

2

4th (2017)

Timmy Hill

66

2011

138

0

0

2

0

17th (2011)

Brandon Jones

19

2015

78

0

1

20

1

10th (2016)

Alex Labbé

36

2016

10

0

0

0

0

67th (2016, 2017)

Stephen Leicht

55

2005

89

1

3

16

0

7th (2007)

Vinnie Miller

01

2017

8

0

0

0

0

73rd (2017)

Tyler Reddick*

9

2017

25

2

5

11

2

18th (2017)

Ryan Reed

16

2013

145

2

6

19

0

6th (2016)

Elliott Sadler

1

1995

369

13

97

209

17

2nd (2011, 2012, 2016, 2017)

Morgan Shepherd

89

1982

426

15

44

67

6

11th (1982)

Ryan Sieg

38

2013

144

0

3

7

0

9th (2016)

Garrett Smithley

0

2015

73

0

1

3

0

18th (2016)

David Starr

52

2000

137

0

1

3

0

16th (2015)

Matt Tifft

2

2015

51

0

3

22

1

7th (2017)

Ryan Truex

11

2010

46

0

2

12

1

22nd (2011)

J. J. Yeley

39

2004

290

0

15

46

3

5th (2006)

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Aric Almirola (i)

98

2006

101

3

12

37

5

4th (2011)

Enrique Baca

TBA

2017

2

0

0

0

0

57th (2017)

Caesar Bacarella

8

2017

3

0

0

0

0

68th (2017)

Kyle Benjamin

18

2017

6

0

1

2

2

33rd (2017)

Ray Black Jr.

99/8

2015

55

0

0

0

0

19th (2016)

Ryan Blaney (i)

22

2012

66

7

39

53

2

22nd (2015)

Chase Briscoe

60

2018

3

0

0

0

0

N/A

Brandon Brown

86

2016

14

0

0

0

0

36th (2017)

Jeb Burton

3

2013

22

0

1

3

0

24th (2016)

Kyle Busch (i)

18

2003

340

91

209

245

64

1st (2009)

Chris Cockrum

25

2014

15

0

0

0

0

44th (2016)

Bayley Currey (i)

8

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Austin Dillon (i)

3

2008

137

8

63

100

17

1st (2013)

Ty Dillon (i)

3

2012

140

1

32

86

4

3rd (2015)

Dale Earnhardt Jr.

88

1996

139

24

67

91

10

1st (1998, 1999)

Chase Elliott (i)

88

2014

73

5

31

59

2

1st (2014)

Ryan Ellis

78

2012

47

0

0

0

0

30th (2016)

Brendan Gaughan (i)

3

2001

216

2

20

67

1

8th (2014)

Gray Gaulding (i)

54

2016

8

0

0

0

0

N/A

Marcos Gomes

TBA

N/A

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Denny Hamlin (i)

18

2004

159

17

62

98

21

4th (2006)

Mike Harmon

74

1996

250

0

0

0

0

23rd (2003)

Kevin Harvick (i)

98

1999

343

47

184

257

25

1st (2001, 2006)

Landon Huffman

TBA

N/A

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Erik Jones (i)

18

2014

77

9

37

50

15

4th (2016)

Brad Keselowski (i)

22

2006

250

37

125

169

20

1st (2010)

Andy Lally

90

2007

8

0

1

4

0

50th (2017)

Kyle Larson (i)

42

2013

104

9

48

72

3

8th (2013)

Shane Lee

3

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Joey Logano (i)

22

2008

172

29

92

140

34

8th (2010)

Dylan Lupton

28

2015

31

0

0

1

0

30th (2015, 2017)

Ty Majeski

60

2017

4

0

0

1

0

45th (2017)

Justin Marks

42

2008

32

1

2

5

0

23rd (2016)

Tommy Joe Martins

8

2014

25

0

0

0

0

35th (2014)

B. J. McLeod

78

2015

75

0

0

0

0

20th (2016)

Jamie McMurray (i)

42

2000

189

8

32

70

3

6th (2002)

Paul Menard (i)

22

2003

214

3

40

96

5

5th (2010)

Matt Mills

15

2017

7

0

0

0

0

N/A

Joe Nemechek (i)

15

1989

431

16

74

126

18

1st (1992)

John Hunter Nemechek

42

2018

3

0

1

1

0

N/A

Ryan Preece

18

2013

43

2

6

8

1

17th (2016)

Daniel Suárez (i)

18

2014

83

3

32

54

6

1st (2016)

Cody Ware (i)

74

2014

15

0

0

0

0

43rd (2014)

Josh Williams

90

2016

16

0

0

0

0

46th (2017)

text: Free agents[edit]

text:
Driver

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Previous Team

Jordan Anderson

2015

13

0

0

0

0

N/A

No. 78 - B. J. McLeod Motorsports

Dakoda Armstrong

2012

133

0

3

8

1

12th (2015)

No. 28 - JGL Racing

Dexter Bean

2006

13

0

0

0

0

54th (2016)

No. 92 - King Autosport

Matt Bell

2012

3

0

0

0

0

83rd (2012, 2017)

No. 90 - King Autosport

Josh Berry

2014

7

0

0

2

0

41st (2016)

No. 55 - NextGen Motorsports

Todd Bodine

1986

333

15

90

160

7

2nd (1997)

No. 07 - SS-Green Light Racing

Jennifer Jo Cobb

2004

30

0

0

0

0

29th (2011)

No. 78 - B. J. McLeod Motorsports

Cale Conley

2014

42

0

0

1

0

20th (2015)

No. 24 - JGL Racing

Tim Cowen

2014

6

0

0

0

0

60th (2017)

No. 40 - MBM Motorsports

Bobby Dale Earnhardt

2017

2

0

0

0

0

71st (2017)

No. 13 - MBM Motorsports

Korbin Forrister

2015

4

0

0

0

0

N/A

No. 07 - SS-Green Light Racing

Benny Gordon

2009

27

0

1

1

0

34th (2012)

No. 44 - TriStar Motorsports

Mario Gosselin

1998

43

0

0

0

0

26th (2016)

No. 90 - DGM Racing

Nicolas Hammann

2016

3

0

0

0

0

68th (2016)

No. 17 - Rick Ware Racing

Brian Henderson

2017

1

0

0

0

0

78th (2017)

No. 90 - Brandonbilt Motorsports

Drew Herring

2010

22

0

1

5

2

34th (2016)

No. 24 - JGL Racing

Brandon Hightower

2016

10

0

0

0

0

43rd (2016)

No. 40 - MBM Motorsports

Sam Hornish Jr.

2006

120

5

38

64

9

2nd (2013)

No. 22 - Team Penske

Quin Houff

2017

5

0

0

0

0

41st (2017)

No. 46 - Precision Performance Motorsports

John Jackson

2011

25

0

0

0

0

61st (2015, 2016)

No. 72 - MBM Motorsports

Devin Jones

2017

1

0

0

0

0

69th (2017)

No. 07 - SS-Green Light Racing

Ben Kennedy

2016

17

0

1

3

0

23rd (2017)

No. 2 - Richard Childress Racing

Clint King

2016

5

0

0

0

0

50th (2016)

No. 78 - B. J. McLeod Motorsports

Blake Koch

2009

213

0

0

10

1

7th (2016)

No. 11 - Kaulig Racing

Scott Lagasse Jr.

2005

68

0

0

6

0

21st (2009)

No. 3 - Richard Childress Racing

Corey LaJoie

2013

22

0

0

2

0

31st (2016)

No. 24 - JGL Racing

Carl Long

2001

117

0

0

0

0

31st (2011)

No. 13 - MBM Motorsports

Casey Mears

2001

107

1

16

34

4

20th (2007)

No. 98 - Biagi-DenBeste Racing

Brett Moffitt

2012

2

0

0

1

0

71st (2012)

No. 96 - GMS Racing

Stan Mullis

2017

1

0

0

0

0

76th (2017)

No. 40 - MBM Motorsports

Brennan Poole

2015

83

0

8

36

1

6th (2017)

No. 48 - Chip Ganassi Racing

Harrison Rhodes

2013

84

0

0

2

0

24th (2015, 2017)

No. 01 - JD Motorsports

Martin Roy

2014

24

0

0

0

0

35th (2016)

No. 90 - King Autosport

Angela Ruch

2011

11

0

0

0

0

55th (2011)

No. 78 - B. J. McLeod Motorsports

Brian Scott

2009

210

0

21

79

5

4th (2014)

No. 3 - Richard Childress Racing

Regan Smith

2002

206

6

30

79

1

2nd (2014)

No. 18 - Joe Gibbs Racing

Reed Sorenson

2004

207

4

38

86

2

4th (2005)

No. 15 - JD Motorsports

Stephen Young

2017

3

0

0

0

0

61st (2017)

No. 78 - B. J. McLeod Motorsports

text: Camping World Truck Series drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the 2018 Alpha Energy Solutions 250 (Race 4/23)

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Jordan Anderson

3

2014

61

0

0

1

0

17th (2017)

Norm Benning

6

2002

188

0

0

0

0

17th (2014)

Wendell Chavous

49

2014

35

0

0

0

0

16th (2017)

Jennifer Jo Cobb

10

2008

154

0

0

1

0

16th (2014)

Cody Coughlin

2

2015

39

0

1

4

0

13th (2017)

Matt Crafton

88

2000

411

14

103

243

13

1st (2013, 2014)

Grant Enfinger

98

2010

41

1

13

24

1

11th (2017)

Justin Fontaine

45

2016

7

0

0

2

0

46th (2017)

Stewart Friesen

52

2016

29

0

3

7

1

14th (2017)

Noah Gragson

18

2016

29

1

6

15

3

10th (2017)

Justin Haley

24

2015

31

0

4

15

1

12th (2017)

Austin Hill

02

2014

32

0

0

4

0

23rd (2017)

Robby Lyons

15

2017

6

0

0

0

0

N/A

Brett Moffitt*

16

2013

17

2

6

9

0

27th (2016)

Josh Reaume

33

2013

18

0

0

0

0

24th (2017)

Ben Rhodes

41

2014

54

1

11

23

3

5th (2017)

Dalton Sargeant

25

2015

10

0

0

4

0

35th (2015)

Johnny Sauter*

21

2003

225

18

91

143

6

1st (2016)

Austin Wayne Self

22

2016

44

0

1

3

0

15th (2016, 2017)

Myatt Snider

13

2016

13

0

1

5

0

22nd (2017)

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Kyle Benjamin (i)

54

2018

1

0

1

1

0

N/A

Harrison Burton

51

2016

8

0

1

2

0

29th (2019)

Kyle Busch (i)

51

2001

142

50

90

111

20

14th (2008, 2010)

Dawson Cram

50

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Bayley Currey

83

2017

4

0

0

0

0

43rd (2017)

Spencer Davis

4

2018

3

0

0

1

0

N/A

Austin Dillon (i)

20

2009

70

7

24

48

13

1st (2011)

Ty Dillon (i)

20

2011

56

3

20

36

5

2nd (2013)

Michel Disdier

20

2014

3

0

0

0

0

49th (2016)

Kevin Donahue

63

2016

8

0

0

0

0

39th (2017)

Kyle Donahue

83

2016

5

0

0

0

0

40th (2017)

Chris Eggleston

17

2010

6

0

0

0

0

51st (2010)

Chris Fontaine

47

2005

57

0

0

3

0

25th (2012)

Korbin Forrister

7

2014

34

0

0

0

0

18th (2015)

Joey Gase (i)

0

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Bobby Gerhart

63

1996

8

0

0

0

0

45th (2017)

David Gilliland

4

2005

11

0

0

3

1

65th (2009)

Todd Gilliland

4

2017

7

0

2

3

0

27th (2017)

Clay Greenfield

1

2010

38

0

0

2

0

34th (2012)

Mike Harmon (i)

74

2001

60

0

0

0

0

34th (2010)

Daniel Hemric (i)

20

2013

49

0

15

30

0

6th (2016)

Riley Herbst

51

N/A

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Landon Huffman

55

2017

2

0

0

0

0

49th (2017)

Brandon Jones (i)

51

2013

35

0

7

15

0

15th (2015)

Parker Kligerman

75

2010

70

2

15

33

2

5th (2012)

Travis Kvapil

50

2001

196

9

52

86

4

1st (2003)

Scott Lagasse Jr. (i)

20

2006

28

0

2

5

0

37th (2006)

Bo LeMastus

54

2018

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

Jesse Little

97

2015

14

0

0

2

0

33rd (2017)

Justin Marks

54

2007

38

0

0

4

2

23rd (2008, 2011)

Tyler Matthews

99

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Max McLaughlin

38

N/A

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

B. J. McLeod (i)

50

2010

35

0

0

0

0

32nd (2015)

Joe Nemechek

87

1996

42

0

4

17

0

19th (2014)

John Hunter Nemechek (i)

8

2013

79

6

23

39

1

8th (2016, 2017)

Akinori Ogata

63

2014

6

0

0

0

0

47th (2015)

Timothy Peters

92

2005

239

10

57

123

8

2nd (2012)

Tommy Regan

1

2014

9

0

0

0

0

49th (2015)

Cory Roper

04

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Mike Senica

1

2017

12

0

0

0

0

35th (2017)

Scott Stenzel

63

2012

13

0

0

0

0

41st (2014)

Tanner Thorson

20

N/A

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Tim Viens

74

2015

4

0

0

0

0

63rd (2016)

Cody Ware (i)

74

2014

7

0

0

0

0

60th (2015)

Reid Wilson

20

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Tyler Young

20

2012

78

0

0

5

0

13th (2014, 2015)

text: Free agents[edit]

text:
Driver

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Previous Team

Jeffrey Abbey

2017

2

0

0

0

0

48th (2017)

No. 45 - Niece Motorsports

Rico Abreu

2015

26

0

2

5

0

13th (2016)

No. 89 - ThorSport Racing

T. J. Bell

2003

114

0

1

13

0

15th (2009)

No. 45 - Niece Motorsports

Brandon Brown

2014

22

0

1

1

0

25th (2016)

No. 44 - Martins Motorsports

Ray Ciccarelli

2017

6

0

0

0

0

38th (2017)

No. 10 - Jennifer Jo Cobb Racing

Bryan Dauzat

2014

3

0

0

0

0

66th (2017)

No. 28 - FDNY Racing

Mason Diaz

2017

1

0

0

0

0

64th (2017)

No. 86 - Brandonbilt Motorsports

Patrick Emerling

2017

2

0

0

0

0

55th (2017)

No. 83 - Copp Motorsports

Cale Gale

2007

36

1

3

12

1

12th (2012)

No. 99 - MDM Motorsports

Victor Gonzalez Jr.

2017

1

0

0

0

0

56th (2017)

No. 45 - Niece Motorsports

Jason Hathaway

2017

2

0

0

0

0

41st (2017)

No. 15 - Premium Motorsports

Brandon Hightower

2015

3

0

0

0

0

73rd (2015)

No. 1 - TJL Motorsports

Joe Hudson

2017

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

No. 74 - Mike Harmon Racing

Trey Hutchens

2017

1

0

0

0

0

57th (2017)

No. 66 - Bolen Motorsports

Terry Jones

2010

6

0

0

0

0

59th (2010)

No. 30 - Rette Jones Racing

Donnie Levister

2017

2

0

0

0

0

62nd (2017)

No. 44 - Faith Motorsports

Travis Miller

2012

5

0

0

0

0

49th (2012)

No. 99 - MDM Motorsports

Matt Mills

2016

10

0

0

0

0

42nd (2016, 2017)

No. 0 - Jennifer Jo Cobb Racing

Ted Minor

2014

7

0

0

0

0

47th (2017)

No. 63 - MB Motorsports

Camden Murphy

2014

14

0

0

0

0

32nd (2017)

No. 36 - MB Motorsports

Bryce Napier

2016

6

0

0

0

0

48th (2016)

No. 10 - Jennifer Jo Cobb Racing

Travis Pastrana

2012

3

0

0

0

0

62nd (2015)

No. 45 - Niece Motorsports

Todd Peck

2011

30

0

0

0

0

34th (2017)

No. 63 - Copp Motorsports

Bobby Pierce

2015

8

0

1

2

1

39th (2015)

No. 63 - MB Motorsports

Bobby Reuse

2017

1

0

0

0

0

59th (2017)

No. 50 - Beaver Motorsports

Ken Schrader

1995

105

1

12

37

2

19th (2007)

No. 66 - Bolen Motorsports

Justin Shipley

2016

2

0

0

0

0

65th (2017)

No. 80 - Jacob Wallace Racing

Regan Smith

2002

36

0

1

7

0

18th (2017)

No. 92 - Ricky Benton Racing

Ryan Truex

2012

42

0

10

19

2

9th (2017)

No. 16 - Hattori Racing Enterprises

Chris Windom

2017

3

0

0

0

0

51st (2017)

No. 63 - MB Motorsports

Brian Wong

2015

2

0

0

0

0

54th (2017)

No. 99 - MDM Motorsports

text: K&N Pro Series East drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the 2018 Zombie Auto 150 (Race 2/14)

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Anthony Alfredo

40

2018

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

Tyler Ankrum

17

2018

2

0

2

2

0

N/A

Dillon Bassett

44

2015

37

1

7

15

0

8th (2017)

Ronnie Bassett Jr.

04

2013

55

1

17

28

0

3rd (2017)

Chuck Buchanan Jr.

87

2011

20

0

0

0

0

20th (2017)

Chase Cabre

4

2017

16

0

4

7

2

6th (2017)

Spencer Davis

82

2015

22

1

9

15

1

8th (2016)

Hailie Deegan

19

2018

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

Tyler Dippel

41

2016

29

1

3

14

0

3rd (2016)

Rubén García Jr.

6

2016

30

0

4

18

0

5th (2017)

Juan Manuel Gonzalez

5

2018

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

Salvatore Iovino

32

2017

4

0

0

0

0

36th (2017)

Jesse Iwuji

36

2017

4

0

0

0

0

29th (2017)

Derek Kraus

16

2017

3

0

2

2

0

40th (2017)

Matt Levin

10

2018

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

Brandon Oakley

51

2014

7

0

0

1

0

35th (2017)

Cole Rouse

99

2018

2

0

1

1

0

N/A

Ryan Vargas

2

2018

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Harrison Burton

12

2016

30

5

15

21

3

1st (2017)

Abraham Calderón

55

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Todd Gilliland

98

2016

21

7

15

20

2

2nd (2017)

Marcos Gomes

55

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Joe Graf Jr.

43

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Noah Gragson

54

2015

16

2

5

9

1

5th (2016)

Reid Lanpher

59

2016

3

0

0

0

0

45th (2016)

Eddie MacDonald

43

2001

196

7

36

96

2

2nd (2009)

Brandon McReynolds

74

2011

20

0

5

11

0

24th (2013)

J. P. Morgan

23

2003

15

0

0

1

0

18th (2017)

Grant Quinlan

30

2015

7

0

1

2

0

30th (2015)

Anthony Sergi

20

2017

2

0

0

1

0

59th (2017)

Tanner Thorson

28

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Max Tullman

27

2017

2

0

0

1

0

49th (2017)

Andrew Tuttle

39

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Kody Vanderwal

33

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

John Wood

08

2017

4

0

0

0

0

23rd (2017)

Jimmy Zacharias

31

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

text: Free agents[edit]

text:
Driver

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Enrique Baca

2016

11

0

0

3

0

12th (2017)

Hunter Baize

2016

22

0

2

15

0

4th (2016)

Amber Balcaen

2017

1

0

0

0

0

68th (2017)

Kyle Benjamin

2013

32

5

14

19

6

2nd (2016)

Richard Bodmer

2014

2

0

0

0

0

64th (2014)

Matt Bowling

2017

2

0

0

0

0

32nd (2017)

David Calabrese

2016

4

0

0

0

0

37th (2016)

Justin Carroll

2017

1

0

0

1

0

51st (2017)

Travis Cope

2017

1

0

1

1

0

43rd (2017)

Noel Dowler

2012

2

0

0

0

0

64th (2017)

Andrew Engberson

2017

2

0

0

0

0

33rd (2017)

Ernie Francis Jr.

N/A

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Scott Heckert

2013

45

4

15

21

5

2nd (2015)

John Holleman IV

2014

22

0

0

4

1

11th (2016)

Sam Hunt

2012

33

0

0

3

0

13th (2012)

Trey Hutchens

2013

31

0

0

6

0

14th (2017)

Jared Irvan

2015

2

0

0

0

0

53rd (2017)

Julia Landauer

2017

2

0

0

1

0

30th (2017)

David Levine

2017

1

0

0

0

0

61st (2017)

Jesse Little

2012

49

2

14

24

3

6th (2014)

Brandon Lynn

2017

1

0

0

0

0

63rd (2017)

Travis Miller

2012

13

1

2

3

0

15th (2017)

Dylan Murry

2017

2

0

0

2

0

26th (2017)

Max Papis

2017

1

0

0

0

0

67th (2017)

Ray Parent

2017

1

0

0

0

0

62nd (2017)

Robert Pawlowski

2017

1

0

0

0

0

60th (2017)

Will Rodgers

2017

2

2

2

2

0

22nd (2017)

Luis Rodriguez Jr.

2017

3

0

0

0

0

28th (2017)

Peyton Sellers

2006

34

1

10

20

4

3rd (2007)

Andy Seuss

2017

1

0

0

0

0

57th (2017)

Stafford Smith

2017

3

0

0

0

0

24th (2017)

Hanna Zellers

2017

1

0

0

0

0

56th (2017)

text: K&N Pro Series West drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the Bakersfield 175 Presented by NAPA Auto Parts (Race 1/15)

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Hailie Deegan

19

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Rich DeLong III

84

2013

48

0

0

1

0

8th (2014)

Austin Herzog

77

2018

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Trevor Huddleston

22

2016

2

0

0

2

0

43rd (2016)

Salvatore Iovino

32

2016

11

0

0

0

0

18th (2016)

Jesse Iwuji

36

2015

30

0

0

1

0

10th (2016)

Rod Johnson Jr.

44

2011

4

0

0

2

0

48th (2017)

Bill Kann

18

2013

23

0

0

3

0

16th (2017)

Takuma Koga

11

2002

43

0

1

1

0

13th (2017)

Derek Kraus

16

2017

15

2

10

11

1

3rd (2017)

Reid Lanpher

59

2018

1

0

0

1

0

N/A

Matt Levin

10

2015

36

0

0

10

0

11th (2015, 2017)

David Mayhew

17

2007

104

10

51

74

13

2nd (2010)

Travis Milburn

08

2008

47

0

0

8

0

10th (2010)

Ron Norman

40

2015

40

0

0

8

1

11th (2016)

Ryan Partridge

9

2012

31

4

17

26

6

2nd (2016)

Will Rodgers

7

2016

21

0

9

16

1

5th (2017)

Cole Rouse

99

2016

15

0

5

13

0

8th (2016)

Todd Souza

13

2006

55

1

5

23

0

6th (2017)

Derek Thorn

6

2011

38

5

27

32

4

1st (2013)

Andrew Tuttle

39

2013

6

0

0

0

0

34th (2013, 2017)

Kody Vanderwal

43

2017

15

0

2

7

0

9th (2017)

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Kevin Harvick

4

1996

24

7

15

18

8

1st (1998)

text: Pinty’s Series drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the 2017 Pinty's Fall Brawl 200 (Race 13/13)

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Marc-Antoine Camirand

22

2013

23

0

8

13

1

7th (2015)

J. F. Dumoulin

04

2007

49

0

7

29

0

8th (2015, 2017)

L. P. Dumoulin

47

2009

84

4

39

56

1

1st (2014)

D. J. Kennington

17

2007

134

19

82

112

13

1st (2010, 2012)

Alex Labbé

32

2012

40

6

21

28

6

1st (2017)

Kevin Lacroix

74

2015

31

8

16

22

6

2nd (2017)

Cayden Lapcevich

76

2015

31

6

17

25

1

1st (2016)

Adam Martin

9

2016

19

0

2

7

0

9th (2017)

Andrew Ranger

27

2007

107

22

58

89

22

1st (2007, 2009)

Anthony Simone

95

2008

71

0

8

23

1

8th (2009)

Alex Tagliani

18

2007

58

6

22

38

8

3rd (2016)

Brett Taylor

46

2016

6

0

0

2

0

25th (2017)

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Ian Admiraal

83

2014

8

0

0

0

0

27th (2017)

Adam Andretti

44

2017

2

0

1

2

0

30th (2017)

Elie Arseneau

03

2011

14

0

1

1

0

29th (2011)

Robin Buck

43

2007

33

2

13

18

0

19th (2011)

Donald Chisholm

89

2007

21

1

4

10

2

29th (2013)

Martin Cote

11

2016

7

0

0

0

0

19th (2017)

Mark Dilley

02

2007

106

3

37

62

3

6th (2008, 2011)

Simon Dion-Viens

25

2013

17

0

0

4

0

16th (2017)

Noel Dowler

5

2011

57

0

1

23

0

7th (2013, 2014)

Jocelyn Fecteau

77

2014

10

0

0

0

0

28th (2016)

John Fletcher

28

2007

7

0

0

0

0

36th (2008)

Carl Gauthier

69

2017

1

0

0

0

0

49th (2017)

Brad Graham

56

2007

47

0

5

20

0

10th (2008)

Raymond Guay

20

2016

4

0

0

0

0

34th (2017)

Jason Hankewich

25

2012

9

0

0

0

0

34th (2015)

Charles Harvey

09

2015

3

0

0

0

0

37th (2017)

Jason Hathaway

3

2007

124

9

35

76

0

2nd (2015)

Luc Haukaas

10

2017

2

0

0

0

0

35th (2017)

Larry Jackson

25

2012

48

0

1

10

0

10th (2016)

Gary Klutt

59

2010

35

1

3

23

2

6th (2015)

Peter Klutt

42

2007

30

0

0

11

0

21st (2010)

Ryan Klutt

42

2013

8

0

0

0

0

29th (2015)

Destiny Klym

55

2017

3

0

0

0

0

29th (2017)

Stefan Klym

54

2017

3

0

0

0

0

28th (2017)

Steven Matthews

15

2009

32

0

5

10

3

13th (2014)

Joey McColm

8

2007

82

0

0

20

0

8th (2014)

David Michaud

56

2015

8

0

0

2

0

19th (2016)

Trevor Monaghan

4

2007

10

0

0

0

0

31st (2007)

Matthew Scannell

02

2013

28

0

0

4

0

11th (2015)

Trevor Seibert

69

2007

40

0

5

14

0

13th (2013)

Donald Theetge

24

2011

12

0

6

8

2

11th (2017)

David Thorndyke

67

2007

28

0

0

0

0

27th (2007)

Brandon White

99

2011

8

0

0

0

0

20th (2017)

Jason White

21

2007

88

0

2

17

0

8th (2011, 2013)

Armani Williams

28

2017

5

0

0

0

0

17th (2017)

text: PEAK Mexico Series drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the 2015 RedCo 240 (Race 15/15)

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text: Whelen Euro Series Elite 1 Division drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the 2016 Autospeedway American Style (Race 4/12)

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Marconi Abreu

47

2016

4

0

0

1

0

N/A

Wilfried Boucenna

73

2012

48

0

9

29

0

6th (2012)

Dario Caso

8

2016

4

0

0

0

0

N/A

Alon Day

54

2015

17

4

6

11

3

2nd (2015)

Eric De Doncker

98

2015

14

0

0

1

0

15th (2015)

Ulysse Delsaux

31

2016

4

0

0

1

0

N/A

Jerry De Weerdt

78

2013

15

0

0

0

0

17th (2015)

Gianmarco Ercoli

9

2015

5

0

2

2

0

20th (2015)

Thomas Ferrando

37

2016

4

0

0

2

0

N/A

Carlo Forte

6

2016

4

0

0

0

0

N/A

Gian Maria Gabbiani

12

2014

6

0

0

0

0

40th (2014)

Frédéric Gabillon

3

2013

40

6

31

33

4

2nd (2013)

Borja García

1

2013

20

1

13

16

1

5th (2014)

Riccardo Geltrude

7

2016

4

0

0

2

0

N/A

Marc Goossens

90

2016

4

0

0

2

0

N/A

Willy Gruber

26

2016

4

0

0

0

0

N/A

Anthony Kumpen

24

2014

28

4

22

26

2

1st (2014)

Mathias Lauda

66

2014

17

1

4

10

0

9th (2014)

Bert Longin

11

2014

27

0

5

15

1

6th (2014)

Barry Maessen

14

2016

2

0

2

2

0

N/A

Simone Monforte

88

2014

21

0

0

2

0

16th (2014)

Freddy Nordström

44

2012

50

0

9

29

0

7th (2013, 2014)

Florian Renauer

5

2015

16

0

1

12

0

8th (2015)

Nicolò Rocca

56

2013

37

3

10

23

4

9th (2015)

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

William Ayer Jr.

69

2013

16

0

0

0

0

14th (2015)

Alex Caffi

23

2016

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Brandon Gdovic

46

2015

4

0

0

1

0

26th (2015)

Claudio Giudice

4

2016

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

Peter Gross

15

2016

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Roman Mavlanov

15

2016

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Colin White

21

2016

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

text: Whelen Euro Series Elite 2 Division drivers[edit]

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Marconi Abreu

47

2016

4

0

0

2

0

N/A

Didier Bec

31

2013

38

0

0

4

0

11th (2015)

Hugo Bec

3

2016

4

0

1

3

0

N/A

Renzo Calcinati

12

2013

9

0

2

2

0

20th (2013)

Arianna Casoli

8

2016

3

0

0

0

0

N/A

Eric De Doncker

98

2015

14

0

0

8

0

8th (2015)

Guillaume Deflandre

56

2015

14

0

2

7

1

13th (2015)

Jerry De Weerdt

78

2014

16

0

0

3

0

14th (2015)

Martin Doubek

5

2015

12

0

0

8

0

16th (2015)

Thomas Ferrando

37

2014

28

5

20

22

2

3rd (2014, 2015)

Gabriele Gardel

24

2014

6

1

4

4

0

22nd (2014)

Riccardo Geltrude

7

2016

4

0

2

3

0

N/A

Willy Gruber

26

2016

3

0

0

1

0

N/A

Paul Guiod

73

2016

4

0

0

0

0

N/A

Freddie Hunt

66

2016

4

0

0

2

0

N/A

Justin Kunz

44

2016

3

0

0

0

0

N/A

Simone Laureti

9

2014

20

0

2

9

0

6th (2014)

Stienes Longin

11

2014

20

5

14

18

4

4th (2015)

Roman Mavlanov

88

2016

4

0

2

2

0

N/A

Marco Spinelli

6

2014

5

0

0

4

0

36th (2014)

Salvador Tineo Arroyo

54

2014

20

1

17

18

0

5th (2015)

Shawn Paul Wakefield

1

2016

4

0

0

0

0

N/A

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Rayane Ait-Adjedjou

69

2016

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

Maik Barten

21

2016

2

0

0

1

0

N/A

Claudio Giudice

4

2016

2

0

0

0

0

N/A

Alexandre Guiod

88

2016

1

0

0

0

0

N/A

Barry Maessen

14

2016

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Christian Malchárek

46

2015

8

0

0

2

0

17th (2015)

Mauro Serra

23

2016

0

0

0

0

0

N/A

Marko Stipp

14

2016

2

0

0

1

0

N/A

text: Whelen Modified Tour drivers[edit]

text: All statistics used in these tables are as of the end of the 2017 Sunoco World Series 150 (Race 16/16)

text: Full-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

Justin Bonsignore

51

2007

121

12

54

78

5

2nd (2016)

Doug Coby

2

2002

204

23

75

115

21

1st (2012, 2014–2017)

Calvin Carroll

39

2016

18

0

0

0

0

12th (2017)

Wade Cole

33

1985

339

0

0

7

0

11th (2017)

Melissa Fifield

01

2014

57

0

0

0

0

15th (2017)

Eric Goodale

58

2008

134

3

20

64

2

5th (2017)

Craig Lutz

46

2014

36

0

0

7

1

10th (2017)

Rowan Pennink

3

2007

157

3

33

78

1

4th (2009, 2011, 2013, 2017)

Woody Pitkat

82

2007

131

3

23

67

4

3rd (2015)

Dave Sapienza

36

2014

47

0

4

11

0

7th (2017)

Timmy Solomito

16

2011

68

9

25

39

6

2nd (2017)

Rob Summers

64

1998

164

0

17

34

7

9th (2017)

Matt Swanson

89

2015

38

0

3

13

0

8th (2017)

text: Part-time drivers[edit]

text:
Driver

No.

Debut

Starts

Wins

Top 5s

Top 10s

Poles

Best Points Finish

John Baker

17

2017

1

0

0

0

0

64th (2017)

Vincent Biondolillo

06

2015

4

0

0

1

0

38th (2016)

Jimmy Blewett

76

2001

123

6

28

48

3

6th (2016)

Brendon Bock

29

2015

28

0

2

7

0

22nd (2016)

Danny Bohn

40

2017

2

0

0

1

0

44th (2017)

Kyle Bonsignore

22

2015

5

0

1

2

0

33rd (2017)

George Brunnhoelzl III

6

2002

19

0

1

4

1

17th (2010)

Gary Byington

38

2016

5

0

0

0

0

32nd (2016)

Danny Cugini

20

2017

1

0

0

0

0

60th (2017)

Bryan Dauzat

97

2010

7

0

0

0

0

36th (2017)

Spencer Davis

88

2014

11

0

0

3

0

26th (2014)

Manny Dias

38

2017

2

0

0

0

0

52nd (2017)

Chase Dowling

15

2015

41

0

9

20

1

9th (2015)

Kyle Ebersole

5

2013

5

0

0

1

0

35th (2017)

Lauren Edgerton

72

2017

1

0

0

0

0

63rd (2017)

Kyke Ellwood

38

2014

14

0

0

1

0

30th (2017)

Patrick Emerling

07

2011

80

1

13

33

3

5th (2015)

Jeremy Gerstner

75

2017

2

0

0

0

0

45th (2017)

Ken Heagy

18

1987

126

0

0

6

0

14th (2008)

Lester Hinckley III

00

2017

1

0

0

1

0

56th (2017)

Matt Hirschman

60

2005

93

2

19

49

5

2nd (2008)

Andrew Krause

24

2016

18

0

0

3

0

20th (2017)

C. J. Lehmann

74

2017

4

0

0

1

0

37th (2017)

Donny Lia

7

2001

191

17

64

98

22

1st (2007, 2009)

Brian Loftin

11

2005

3

0

0

0

0

50th (2008)

Gary McDonald

26

2008

101

0

0

1

0

18th (2014, 2016)

Jon McKennedy

00

2006

33

0

1

10

0

23rd (2012)

Burt Myers

11

1999

9

0

1

2

0

38th (2010)

Ryan Newman

77

2008

25

4

13

15

6

27th (2014)

Anthony Nocella

92

2015

17

0

1

3

0

24th (2015)

Cory Oslund

14

2017

2

0

0

0

0

49th (2017)

Austin Pickens

63

2017

3

0

0

0

0

46th (2017)

Gary Putnam

77

2014

12

0

0

1

0

25th (2017)

Jeff Rocco

85

2017

3

0

0

0

0

42nd (2017)

Tom Rogers Jr.

0

2004

24

0

2

10

2

27th (2011)

Dave Salzarulo

38

2013

29

0

0

0

0

20th (2014)

Bobby Santos III

44

2004

133

16

48

71

17

1st (2010)

Andy Seuss

00

2006

45

0

2

11

0

26th (2017)

Ronnie Silk

85

2003

169

10

61

99

10

1st (2011)

Jerry Solomito Jr.

10

2015

5

0

0

0

0

42nd (2015)

Shawn Solomito

20

2011

44

0

3

9

1

16th (2015)

Kyle Soper

48

2015

4

0

1

1

0

47th (2017)

Dillon Steuer

45

2017

3

0

0

2

0

40th (2017)

Walter Sutcliffe Jr.

78

2016

17

0

0

0

0

18th (2017)

Todd Szegedy

85

2000

212

19

86

130

11

1st (2003)

Jamie Tomaino

99

1985

618

3

91

248

6

1st (1990)

Roger Turbush

88

2017

1

0

0

0

0

61st (2017)

Brad Van Houten

09

2017

1

0

0

0

0

59th (2017)

Ronnie Williams

21

2015

11

0

0

1

0

21st (2017)

Max Zachem

20

2013

46

0

6

22

0

5th (2016)


document_title: Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey

question_text: what game did bill and ted play with death

text: Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey

text: Plot[edit]

text: The music of Bill and Ted's band, Wyld Stallyns, has created a utopian future society. Chuck De Nomolos, who detests this society, steals one of the time-traveling phone booths and sends two robots modeled after Bill and Ted back to the late 20th century to prevent Bill and Ted from winning the San Dimas Battle of the Bands. Rufus attempts to stop De Nomolos but seemingly becomes lost in the circuits of time.

text: In the present, two years after Bill and Ted first traveled through time, Wyld Stallyns is preparing for the contest. Though Bill and Ted's current fiancées and former 15th-century princesses Elizabeth and Joanna have become skilled musicians, Bill and Ted are still inept. Despite this, the organizer Ms. Wardroe assures them a slot in the contest as the final act. Bill's stepmother Missy divorces his father in favor of Ted's, who threatens Ted with military school should they fail the Battle of the Bands. Evil Bill and Evil Ted arrive and the robots eventually replace Bill and Ted, killing them by throwing the two over the side of a cliff at Vasquez Rocks. The robots behave rudely to the princesses and work to ruin the duo's fame.

text: Bill and Ted's souls are met by Death who challenges them in a game for their souls. Bill and Ted escape after giving Death a "melvin". They attempt to alert their families but their ethereal forms prove difficult, and at one point, are cast down into Hell at a séance held by Missy. In Hell, they are tormented by Satan, made to face their own fears, manifesting as Col Oates, the Easter Bunny, and Granny S. Preston, and realize their only escape is to take Death's offer. Taken to Death's chambers, the spirit gives them the option of what game to play. Bill and Ted, to Death's dismay, select modern games like Battleship, Clue and Twister,[5]  in a (ever-changing) best 3 out of 5 format. They easily beat Death. Death admits defeat and unwillingly becomes their servant. Bill and Ted recognize they need to locate the smartest person in the universe to help build robots to counter De Nomolos' evil robots. Death escorts the two to Heaven, and with God's help, are directed to an alien named Station who has the ability to split into two identical twins, and readily offers to help Bill and Ted.

text: Death brings them back to the mortal world, where it is the night of the Battle of the Bands. Bill and Ted take Station to a hardware store, and then race in their van back to the concert while Station constructs good robots. Just as the evil robots take the stage, Bill and Ted arrive, and Station's robots easily defeat the evil ones. De Nomolos appears in the time booth, ready to defeat Bill and Ted himself, and overrides the broadcasting equipment to send the video footage of this to everyone on the planet. The two recognize they can later go back in time to arrange events for De Nomolos to be trapped in the present, aided by Death and Station; though De Nomolos is apparently able to do the same, Bill and Ted gain the upper hand with the explanation that it is only the winners who get to go back, and De Nomolos is arrested by Ted's father. Ms. Wardroe reveals herself to be a disguised Rufus, having assured Bill and Ted's spot in the concert, and urges them to play.

text: As Bill and Ted reunite with their fiancées, they realize they are still terrible musicians, and the four use the time booth; though they return immediately, "an intense 16 months of guitar training plus a two week honeymoon" have passed for them, they have married the princesses and each is raising a young infant "Little Ted" and "Little Bill". They begin to perform a stunning rock ballad, joined by Death, Station, and the good robots. The worldwide broadcast set by De Nomolos continues, and Wyld Stallyns' music is played across the globe, creating harmony. Over the credits, it's shown through newspaper articles that the band, along with Death, go through many perks of fame before eventually taking their act to Mars.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Alex Winter as William "Bill" S. Preston, Esq./Evil Bill/Granny S. Preston, Esq.
Keanu Reeves as Ted "Theodore" Logan/Evil Ted
William Sadler as Death[6] (The Grim Reaper)/Englishman
Joss Ackland as Chuck De Nomolos
George Carlin as Rufus
Pam Grier as Ms. Wardroe
Annette Azcuy as Elizabeth
Sarah Trigger as Joanna
Hal Landon Jr. as Captain Logan, Ted's father
Amy Stock-Poynton as Missy, Bill's soon-to-be ex-stepmother
Ed Gale and Arturo Gil as Station
Tom Allard as Big Station
Frank Welker as the voices of Satan, The Easter Bunny and Station (uncredited)

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: As was particularly common at the time, the soundtrack album focuses on the rock music heard throughout the film. An album of the full orchestral score by David Newman would not become available until 2007.

text: The song Bill and Ted play for the battle of the bands is "Final Guitar Solo" by Steve Vai, which he wrote to help blend into "God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II" by Kiss, although they appear similar in appearance to Dusty Hill and Billy Gibbons from ZZ Top.

text: When Bill and Ted are asked "What is the meaning of life?" they reply with the lyrics from "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" by Poison.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception to the movie was mixed. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 54% of 48 surveyed critics gave Bogus Journey a positive review; the average rating was 6/10. The film's consensus states: "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey has the same stars – and cheerfully wacky sense of humor – as its predecessor, but they prove a far less effective combination the second time around."[7]

text: Desson Howe of The Washington Post called it "an entertaining, surreal journey" that is "funnier and livelier than the original."[8] Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it "amusing but sloppy and overcomplicated".[9] Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of a possible 4 stars, writing, "It's the kind of movie where you start out snickering in spite of yourself, and end up actually admiring the originality that went into creating this hallucinatory slapstick."[10] (Ebert did not see or review the first film.) Dave Kehr, then of the Chicago Tribune, also gave the film 3 stars. He stated that it is unusual for an Ingmar Bergman parody to show up in a teen comedy and referred to the film as a "genuine pleasure."[11] Gene Siskel, also of the Tribune, gave the film only 2½ stars, but did believe the second film to be better than the first.[11] Leonard Maltin also gave Bogus Journey 2½ stars, a half-star more than he gave to Excellent Adventure.[12] Variety wrote that the film has "a few triumphant moments, but not enough to sustain pic's running time."[13]

text: Marvel Comics adaptation[edit]

text: To coincide with the release of the movie, Marvel Comics released a one-shot comic book adaptation of the movie, hiring Evan Dorkin to adapt the screenplay and pencil the art. Like Archie Goodwin's adaptation of the first Star Wars film, Dorkin worked from the original script, which included many of the deleted scenes, and portrayed Death as the archetypal skeletal figure. Due to the popularity of the comic, Marvel commissioned a spin-off series, Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book, which kept the talents of Dorkin, DeStefano and Severin. The series ran for 12 issues, featuring original stories. The first arc features negative results from Death's decision to take a vacation.

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In 2010, Reeves indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film,[14] confirming in April 2011 that a draft was complete.[15] Winter said in March 2012 that he and Reeves both like the finished script, which revisits the two characters after the changes of the past twenty years. Despite the script being finished and satisfied by both parties, no specific filming dates have been named.[16] In April 2016, Winter said that he hoped the film would begin production in 2017.[17] Reeves gave an update on the film in February 2017 and said a story has been written for the third film. “Basically, they’re supposed to write a song to save the world and they haven’t done that. The pressure of having to save the world, their marriages are falling apart, their kids are kind of mad at them, and then someone comes from the future and tells them if they don’t write the song it’s not just the world, it’s the universe. So they have to save the universe because time is breaking apart.”[18] On May 8, 2018, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that a third film, Bill & Ted: Face the Music, was officially in pre-production with Dean Parisot directing. No release date has been announced yet.[19]


document_title: Maggie Siff

question_text: who plays the doctor in sons of anarchy

question_tokens: who plays the doctor in sons of anarchy

text: Maggie Siff

text: Early life[edit]

text: Siff was born in The Bronx, New York City. Her father is Jewish (from a family from Russia), and her mother is of Irish and Swedish descent; she has said that she feels "culturally Jewish".[1][2][3] She is an alumna of The Bronx High School of Science[4] and of Bryn Mawr College,[5] where she majored in English and graduated in 1996. She later completed an M.F.A. in acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts Graduate Acting Program.[6][7]

text: Siff worked extensively in regional theater before acting in television. She won a Barrymore Award for Excellence in Theater in 1998 for her work in Henrik Ibsen's Ghosts at Lantern Theater Company.[6]

text: Career[edit]

text: Siff started appearing in television series in 2004. She appeared as an Alcoholics Anonymous speaker during an episode of Rescue Me in Season 2. She also had roles on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Grey's Anatomy, and Law & Order.

text: She played Rachel Menken Katz on the series Mad Men from 2007 to 2008, which earned her a nomination, along with the rest of the cast, for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. She also appeared in Nip/Tuck during that time, before being cast as Dr. Tara Knowles on Sons of Anarchy in 2008. In the closing scene of the Sons of Anarchy episode "John 8:32," Siff sang the song "Lullaby for a Soldier (Arms of the Angels)."[8]

text: She has appeared in such films as Then She Found Me (2007) as Lily, Push as a psychic surgeon (called a Stitch) named Teresa Stowe, sent to help Nick (played by Chris Evans), Funny People (2009) as Rachel, Leaves of Grass (2010) as Rabbi Renannah Zimmerman, and Concussion (2013) as Sam Bennet. She appears in the 2016 Showtime series Billions. She started in an independent indie film called A Woman, A Part as well. (2016)

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In October 2013, Siff announced that she was expecting her first child with her husband, Paul Ratliff, whom she married in 2012. Siff gave birth to a baby girl in April 2014, named Lucy.[9]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Film

Year
Title
Role
Notes

2007
Michael Clayton
Attorney #1

2007
Then She Found Me
Lily

2009
Push
Teresa Stowe

2009
Leaves of Grass
Rabbi Renannah Zimmerman

2009
Funny People
Rachel

2013
Concussion
Sam Bennet

2016
The 5th Wave
Lisa Sullivan

2016
A Woman, a Part
Anna Baskin

2016
The Sweet Life
Ava
Post-production

2017
One Percent More Humid
Lisette

text: Television[edit]

text:
Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes

2004
Third Watch
Cindy
Episode: "Obsession"

2005
Rescue Me
Young Woman at AA
Episode: "Twat"

2006
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Emily McCooper
Episode: "Gone"

2006
3 lbs.
Lisa Kutchem
Episode: "The God Spot"

2007
Grey's Anatomy
Ruthie Sales
Episode: "The Heart of the Matter"

2007.1 !2007–2015
Mad Men
Rachel Menken
9 episodes

2007.2 !2007–2008
Nip/Tuck
Rachel Ben Natan
3 episodes

2008
Law & Order
Attorney Mahaffey
Episode: "Executioner"

2008.1 !2008–2013
Sons of Anarchy
Tara Knowles
79 episodes

2009
Life on Mars
Maria Belanger
3 episodes

2011
A Gifted Man
Lily
Episode: "In Case of Letting Go"

2016–present
Billions
Wendy Rhoades
Main cast member

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Awards

Year
Award
Category
Series
Result

2008
Screen Actors Guild Award
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
Mad Men
Nominated

2012
Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Sons of Anarchy
Nominated

2014
Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Sons of Anarchy
Nominated


document_title: Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)

question_text: minimum age to become the member of legislative council

text: State legislature[edit]

text: In states where there are two houses there is a Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly. In such a case, the Legislative Council is the Upper House, while Legislative Assembly is the Lower House of the State Legislature.

text: The Governor shall not be a member of the Legislature or Parliament, shall not hold any office of profit, and shall be entitled to emoluments and allowances. (Article 158 of Indian constitution).

text: The Legislative Assembly consists of not more than 500 members and not fewer than 60. The biggest state, Uttar Pradesh, has 403 members in its Assembly. States which have small populations and are small in size have a provision for having an even lesser number of members in the Legislative Assembly. Puducherry has 30 members. Mizoram and Goa have only 40 members each. Sikkim has 32. All members of the Legislative Assembly are elected on the basis of adult franchise, and one member is elected from one constituency. Just as the President has the power to nominate two Anglo Indians to the Lok Sabha, similarly, the Governor has the power to nominate one member[1] from the Anglo Indian community as he/she deems fit, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not adequately represented in the Assembly.

text: Qualification[edit]

text: The qualifications to become a member of the state Legislature are largely similar to the qualifications to be a member of Parliament. i) The person should be a citizen of India ii) not less than 25 years of age[2] to be a member of the Legislative Assembly and not less than 30 years as per Article 173 of Indian Constitution to be a member of the Legislative Council.

text: No person can become a member of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council of any state, unless the individual is a voter from any constituency of the state. Those who cannot become members of Parliament also cannot become members of the state legislature.

text: The member is elected by the people of that particular constituency and represents those people in the legislative assembly and debates on issues related to his or her constituency. The MLA's position is like an MP, but the difference is only that MLA is in the state level and the MP is in the national level.

text: Term[edit]

text: The term of the Legislative Assembly is five years. However, it may be dissolved earlier than that by the Governor on the request of the Chief Minister. The term of the Legislative Assembly may be extended during an emergency, but not more than six months at a time. The Legislative Council is the Upper House in the State. Just like the Rajya Sabha it is a permanent House. The members of the state's upper house are selected based on the strength of each party in the lower house and by state gubernatorial nomination. The term of is six years, and a third of the members of the House retire after every two years. The upper house of a state assembly, unlike the Upper house of the Parliament, can be abolished by the lower house, if it passes a specific law bill, which states to dissolve the upper house, and gets it attested in both houses of parliament and then signed by the president into law. Only Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh have their upper houses in existence with 6 year term, J&K also has 6 year term lower house. All other states have abolished the upper house by the above-mentioned method, as the upper house causes unnecessary problems and issues.

text: Powers[edit]

text: The most important function of the legislature is law making. The State Legislature has the power to make laws on all items on which Parliament cannot legislate. Some of these items are police, prisons, irrigation, agriculture, local governments, public health, pilgrimages, and burial grounds. Some topics on which both Parliament and states can make laws are education, marriage and divorce, forests, and the protection of wild animals and birds.

text: As regards money bills, the position is the same. Bills can originate only in the Legislative Assembly. The Legislative Council can either pass the bill within 14 days of the date of the receipt of the Bill or suggest changes in it within 14 days. These changes may or may not be accepted by the Assembly.

text: The state legislature, besides making laws, has one electoral power, in electing the President of India. Elected members of the Legislative Assembly along with the elected members of Parliament are involved in this process.

text: Some parts of the Constitution can be amended by Parliament with the approval of half of state legislatures. Thus the state legislatures take part in the process of amendment of the Constitution.

text: MLA party memberships as of 15 May 2018[edit]

text:
State name
Total
BJP
INC
Leftists
Socialist
NDA
Others
Ind.
Vacant

Andhra Pradesh
175
4

TDP 127, YSRCP 44

Arunachal Pradesh
60
48
1

PPA 9

2

Assam
126
61
25

AGP 14, BPF 12
AIUDF 13
1

Bihar
243
53
27
CPI-ML 3
RJD 80
JDU 70, LJP 2, RLSP 2
HAM 1
4
1

Chhattisgarh
90
49
39

BSP 1
1

Goa
40
14
16

MGP 3, GFP 3,NCP 1

3

Gujarat
182
99
77

BTP 2, NCP 1
3

Haryana
90
47
17

INLD 19
SAD 1
BSP 1
5

Himachal Pradesh
68
44
21
CPM 1

2

Jammu & Kashmir
87
25
12
CPM 1

PDP 28, JKPC 2
NC 15, PDF 1
3

Jharkhand
81
43
7
CPI-ML 1, MCC 1
JMM 19, JBSP 1
AJSU 4
JVM(P) 2, BSP 1, JP 1, NSM 1

Karnataka
224
104
77

JDS 36

BSP1, KPJP 1
1
4

Kerala
140
1
22
CPM 57, CPI 19, CMP(KSC) 1, RSP(L) 1, C(S) 1, NSC 1, KCB 1
JDS 3

IUML 18, KCM 6, KCJ 1, NCP 2,
5
1

Madhya Pradesh
230
166
57

BSP 4
3

Maharashtra
288
122
42
PWPI 3, CPM 1

SS 63, RSP 1
NCP 41, BVA 3, AIMIM 2, MNS 1, BBM 1
7
1

Manipur
60
31
19

NPF 4, NPP 4, LJP 1

1

Meghalaya
60
2
20

NPP 20, UDP 6, PDP 4, HSPDP 2
NCP 1, KHNAM 1
3
1

Mizoram
40

34

MNF 5
MPC 1

Nagaland
60
12

NDPP 18, NPP 2, JDU 1
NPF 26
1

Odisha
147
10
15
CPM 1
BJD 118, SKD 1

2

Punjab
117
3
77

SAD 14
AAP 20, LIP 2

1

Rajasthan
200
162
25

NPP 1
BSP 2, NUZP 2
7
1

Sikkim
32

SDF 28
SKM 3
1

Tamil Nadu
234

8

AIADMK 117, DMK 89, IUML 1
1
18*

Telangana
119
5
13
CPM 1

TRS 90, AIMIM 7, TDP 3

Tripura
60
36

CPM 16,

IPFT 8

Uttar Pradesh
403
311
7

SP 47
ADS 9, SBSP 4
BSP 19
5
1

Uttarakhand
70
56
11

2
1

West Bengal
294
3
42
CPM 26, RSP 3, AIFB 2, CPI 1

AITC 213, GJM 3
1

Delhi
70
4

AAP 66

Puducherry
30
3
15

AINRC 8,
AIADMK 4 , DMK 2
1

Total
4120
1518
727
142
327
352
970
73
29

text: Presiding officers[edit]

text: Similar to the Presiding officers of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council also have Presiding Officers. The Legislative Assembly has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and the Legislative Council has a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman. They are elected from among the members of the House.