document_title: The Great Australian Bake Off (season 2)

question_text: who won the great australian bake off season 2

text: The Bakers[edit]

text: The following is a list of contestants:[4]

text:
Name
Age
Occupation
State
Competition Status

Sian Redgrave
23
Fashion boutique stylist
Perth, WA
Season Winner

Jasmin Hartley
27
Barista
Mackay, QLD
Season Runner-Up

Suzy Stefanidis
45
Stay at home mum
Melbourne, VIC
Season Runner-Up

Angela Fleay
47
Truck driver
Melbourne, VIC
Eliminated (Episode 9)

James Dunsmore
31
Food historian
Sydney, NSW
Eliminated (Episode 8)

Nathan Taylor
19
Student
Perth, WA
Eliminated (Episode 7)

Ben Brown
37
Mining inventory planner
Emerald, QLD
Eliminated (Episode 6)

Brendan Eilola
43
IT specialist
Brisbane, QLD
Eliminated (Episode 5)

Janice Tan
34
Management consultant
Sydney, NSW
Eliminated (Episode 4)

Meg Moorcroft
20
Student
Adelaide, SA
Eliminated (Episode 3)

Mariana Gates
55
Volunteer worker
Gold Coast, QLD
Eliminated (Episode 2)

Peter Rankin
58
Doctor
Melbourne, VIC
Eliminated (Episode 1)

text: Results summary[edit]

text:
Elimination chart

Baker
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Sian

SB

SB

SB
WINNER

Jasmin

SB

SB

Runner Up

Suzy

SB

Runner Up

Angela
SB

SB

OUT

James

SB

OUT

Nathan

OUT

Ben

OUT

Brendan

OUT

Janice

OUT

Meg

OUT

Mariana

OUT

Peter
OUT

text: Colour key:

text:
Got through to the next round
     Awarded Star Baker
     Season winner

     One of the judges' favourite bakers that week
     The baker was eliminated

     One of the judges' least favourite bakers that week
     Season runner-up

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
The baker was eliminated
     Awarded Star Baker
     Season winner

text: Episode 1: Cakes[edit]

text: For the bakers' first challenge, a family-sized signature cake was set. This was set to be done in two hours, and should show the baker's style. For the technical challenge, Maggie's recipe for her constitution cake. It combined indigenous Australian fruits and icing to make three cakes. It was to be done in two and a half hours. A hidden design cake was set as the showstopper challenge. In five hours, the bakers must create a cake that shows a pattern or design once cut into.

text:
Baker
Signature
(Signature cake)
Technical
(Maggie's Constitution cake)
Showstopper
(Hidden design cake)

Angela
Chocolate cake with sour cream icing
1st
Mint and Chocolate cake

Ben
Triple layer sponge
2nd
Chocolate and Baileys Bundt cake

Brendan
Parsnip Carrot cake
8th
Orange and chocolate gateau

James
Carrot cake
5th
Starry-eyed cake

Janice
Japanese honey soufflé Cheesecake
4th
Pandan cake

Jasmin
Chocolate and salted caramel cake
3rd
British-at-heart cake

Mariana
Chocolate cherry cake
12th
Citrus pop surprise cake

Meg
Caramel Piñata cake
6th
Leopard print cake

Nathan
Blueberry and blood orange cake
11th
Chocolate and peanut butter cake

Peter
Tiramisu cake
10th
Red Cross cake

Sian
Chocolate and beetroot cake
9th
Battenberg cake

Suzy
Strawberry Angel cake
7th
Hidden glamour cake

text: Episode 2: Biscuits[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(12 filled biscuits)
Technical
(Matt's Cannoli)
Showstopper
(3D biscuit display)

Angela
Lemon Melting Moments
1st
Tiered Biscuit cake stand

Ben
Peach and bourbon Marshmallow biscuits
8th
Bacon and lime macaron tower

Brendan
Shooting Stars with choc-orange ganache
11th
Picassoesque Art of Biscuit

James
Orange Creams
5th
Child Catcher's Carriage

Janice
Chinese New Year pineapple cookies
3rd
Chinese Lantern

Jasmin
Chai latte biscuits
6th
Jasmin's Dream Bakery

Mariana
Lemon Shortbread biscuits with lemon butter
10th
Montenegrin Winter Scene

Meg
Jolly Nog biscuits with bourbon filling
9th
Moulin Rouge Windmill

Nathan
German Cinnamon biscuits
7th
Cranberry gingerbread teacup

Sian
Coffee Yo-yos with fig and ginger jam
4th
Black Forrest cuckoo clock

Suzy
Sweethearts with buttercream and raspberry jam
2nd
Biscuit cake stand

text: Episode 3: Choux[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(12 individual éclairs)
Technical
(Matt's Paris-Brest)
Showstopper
(Gateau St Honore centrepiece)

Angela
Coffee Éclairs
10th
Lemon Gateau St Honore

Ben
Mystery Éclairs
2nd
Cardamom, mandarin and ginger Gateau St Honore

Brendan
Pumpkin pie Éclairs
7th
Raspberry, chocolate and vanilla Gateau St Honore

James
Passionfruit Éclairs
6th
Choc-orange St Honore

Janice
Blueberry and lavender Éclairs
8th
Choc-banana and rum Gateau St Honore

Jasmin
Chocolate and salted caramel Éclairs
3rd
Coffee St Honore

Meg
Salted caramel Éclairs
9th
St 'Znoud'

Nathan
Mandarin and yuzu Éclairs
4th
Raspberry and pistachio Gateau St Honore

Sian
Lemon meringue Éclairs
1st
Opera St Honore

Suzy
'Pash Me Now' Éclairs
5th
Raspberry Gateau St Honore

text: Episode 4: Pies[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(6 individual savoury pies)
Technical
(Maggie's Blood orange meringue pie)
Showstopper
(Deep dish fruit pie)

Angela
Creamy lemon chicken Pies
5th
Fruit and almond Pie

Ben
Chicken, ham and leek Pies
2nd
Spiced pear and walnut Pie

Brendan
Chicken, bacon and vegetable Pies
7th
Baklava Pie

James
Pork and sage Pies
6th
Apple and nutmeg Pie

Janice
Chinese Pork Pies
9th
Compost Pie

Jasmin
Sage and pork Pies
1st
Very Berry Pie

Nathan
Satay pork Pies
3rd
Apple and blackberry Pie

Sian
Wild mushroom Pies
8th
Apple, prune and vino cotto Pie

Suzy
Perfect trio Pies
4th
Apple and pear Pie

text: Episode 5: Chocolate[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(Brownies)
Technical
(Black forest gateau)
Showstopper
(Chocolate centrepiece)

Angela
Pecan and Cranberry Brownies
7th
Choc Medley

Ben
Thyme and Dark Chocolate Brownies
6th
Blossoming Fig

Brendan
Velvet Chocolate Brownies
1st
Chocolate and Strawberry Jewel Box

James
Chocolate Miso Brownies
8th
Chocolate Forest Lodge

Jasmin
Millionaire Brownies
2nd
Chocolate Trio Centrepiece

Nathan
Blackberry Cheesecake Brownies
4th
Chocolate and Raspberry Jaconde Medley

Sian
Italian Cheesecake Brownies
3rd
Chestnut and Chocolate Yule Log

Suzy
Circle of Never Ending Bliss
5th
Chocolate Medley

text: Episode 6: Bread[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(6 flavoured & 6 filled savoury Flatbreads)
Technical
(8 Knotted Rolls)
Showstopper
(Stollen Loaf Centrepiece)

Angela
Coriander and garlic Chapatis
Spicy Potato Pockets
5th
Christmas Stollen

Ben
Smoked garlic and fennel Naans
Gruyere Flatbreads
3rd
Peach and coffee Stollen

James
Besan flour Flatbreads
Halloumi Gozleme
6th
Barberry and fig Stollen

Jasmin
Tomato and olive Focaccia
Pesto Quesadillas
4th
Fruity Mince Stollen Wreath

Nathan
Nigella and garlic Naans
Aloo Naans
1st
Cherry and peach Stollen Wreath

Sian
Truffle Focaccias
Yoghurt filled Flatbreads
2nd
Date, chocolate and hazelnut Stollen

Suzy
Feta Flatbreads
Lemon chicken stuffed Flatbreads
7th
Easter Celebration Wreath

text: Episode 7: Dessert[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(5 Individual Hot Puddings)
Technical
(Dried Apricot Pavlova)
Showstopper
(3-Tiered Dessert)

Angela
Orange, pistachio and ginger Puddings
2nd
Tiered Dessert Stand

James
Date and chestnut Puddings
6th
Fruit Tart Stand

Jasmin
Spotted Dick Puddings
1st
'Fifty Shades of Lemon'

Nathan
Dark chocolate and pear Puddings
5th
'Carnival of Sweets'

Sian
Persimmon Puddings
3rd
Coconut Wedding Cake

Suzy
'Let me Date You' Puddings
4th
'Tart it Up'

text: Episode 8: Pastry[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(12 miniature savoury pastries)
Technical
(Mushroom, thyme, leek pithivier)
Showstopper
(Strudel centrepiece)

Angela
Pork, apple and sage sausage rolls
Vegetable samosas
1st
Mango and apple strudel

James
Salmon and ginger galettes
Empanadas
5th
Pear and hazelnut strudel

Jasmin
Beef mince Cornish pasties
Vol au vents
4th
Strudel

Sian
Fennel and blue cheese danishes
Pumpkin pasties
2nd
Sour cherry strudel

Suzy
Feta maznik
Spinach and ricotta maznik
3rd
Cherry and bougatsa strudel

text: Episode 9: Classics[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(Doughnuts)
Technical
(Passionfruit Tart)
Showstopper
(High Tea)

Angela
Lemon Doughnuts
1st
Country Style High Tea

Jasmin
Classic Trio of Doughnuts
4th
Tea Plate

Sian
Chocolate and Liquorice Doughnuts
3rd
High Tea

Suzy
Doughnut Trio
2nd
International High Tea

text: Episode 10: Final[edit]

text:
Baker
Signature
(12 signature vanilla slices)
Technical
(Maggie's cornucopia cake)
Showstopper
(Free Choice)

Jasmin
Vanilla slice
2nd
Tiers of Joy

Sian
Mille-feuille
1st
Tower of Profiteroles

Suzy
Vanilla slice
3rd
Never Ending Love

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Episode
Original airdate
Timeslot
Viewers
Rank
(Night)
Source

1
"Cakes"
13 October 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
104,000
#1
[5]

2
"Biscuits"
20 October 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
102,000
#1
[6]

3
"Choux"
27 October 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
109,000
#1
[7]

4
"Pies"
3 November 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
81,000
#1
[8]

5
"Chocolate"
10 November 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
111,000
#1
[9]

6
"Bread"
17 November 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
91,000
#1
[10]

7
"Desserts"
24 November 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
93,000
#2
[11]

8
"Pastry"
1 December 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
126,000
#1
[12]

9
"Classics"
8 December 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
131,000
#1
[13]

10
"Final"
15 December 2015
Tuesday 8:30 pm
136,000
#1
[14]


document_title: Akira Haraguchi

question_text: who held the record for most memorized digits the longest

root

text: Akira Haraguchi

text: Akira Haraguchi (原口 證, Haraguchi Akira) (born 1946, Miyagi Prefecture), a retired Japanese engineer, is known for memorizing and reciting digits of pi.

tag: p

text: Memorization of pi[edit]

text: He holds the current unofficial world record (100,000 digits) in 16 hours, starting at 9 a.m (16:28 GMT) on October 3, 2006 and having recited up to 83,431 digits by nightfall, stopping with digit number 100,000 at 1:28 a.m. on October 4, 2006. The event was filmed in a public hall in Kisarazu, east of Tokyo, where he had five-minute breaks every two hours to eat onigiri to keep up his energy levels. Even his trips to the toilet were filmed to prove that the exercise was legitimate. Haraguchi's previous world record (83,431), was performed from July 1, 2005 to July 2, 2005. On Pi Day, 2015, he claimed to be able to recite 111,701 digits.[1]

text: Despite Haraguchi's efforts and detailed documentation, the Guinness World Records have not yet accepted any of his records set.

text: Haraguchi views the memorization of pi as "the religion of the universe",[2] and as an expression of his lifelong quest for eternal truth.

text: Haraguchi's mnemonic system[edit]

text: Haraguchi uses a system he developed, which assigns kana symbols to numbers, allowing for the memorization of Pi as a collection of stories. The same system was developed by C.S. Lewis to assign letters from the alphabet to numbers, and creating stories to memorize numbers. This system preceded the system above which Haraguchi developed.[citation needed]

text: The same is done for each number from 2 through 9. His stories are what he used to memorize pi.


document_title: Major League Baseball consecutive games played streaks

question_text: who is closest to cal ripken jr record

question_tokens: who is closest to cal ripken jr record

text: Key[edit]

text:
Player

Name of the player

Streak

Number of consecutive games

Start

Date of the game which began the streak

End

Date of the final game of the streak

Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame

Streak is active

tag: table

text: List[edit]

text: Minimum 500 consecutive games played[1][2]

text:
Rank

Player

Streak

Start

End

1

Cal Ripken, Jr.

2,632
May 30, 1982
September 19, 1998

2

Lou Gehrig

2,130
June 1, 1925
April 30, 1939

3

Everett Scott

1,307
June 20, 1916
May 5, 1925

4

Steve Garvey

1,207
September 3, 1975
July 29, 1983

5

Miguel Tejada

1,152
June 2, 2000
June 21, 2007

6

Billy Williams

1,117
September 22, 1963
September 2, 1970

7

Joe Sewell

1,103
September 13, 1922
April 30, 1930

8

Stan Musial

895
April 15, 1952
August 22, 1957

9

Eddie Yost

829
August 30, 1949
May 11, 1955

10

Gus Suhr

822
September 11, 1931
June 4, 1937

11

Nellie Fox

798
August 7, 1955
September 3, 1960

12

Pete Rose

745
September 1, 1978
August 23, 1983

13

Dale Murphy

740
September 26, 1981
July 8, 1986

14

Richie Ashburn

730
June 7, 1950
September 26, 1954

15

Ernie Banks

717
August 26, 1956
June 22, 1961

16

Pete Rose

678
September 28, 1973
May 7, 1978

17

Earl Averill

673
April 14, 1931
June 28, 1935[3]

18

Frank McCormick

668
September 19, 1937
May 24, 1942

19

Sandy Alomar, Sr.

661
April 23, 1969
May 20, 1973

20

Eddie Brown

618
June 5, 1924
June 7, 1928

21

Roy McMillan

584
September 16, 1951
August 7, 1955

22

George Pinkney

577
September 21, 1885
April 30, 1890[4][5]

23

Steve Brodie

574

24

Aaron Ward

565
July 10, 1920
May 25, 1924

25

Prince Fielder

547
September 14, 2010
May 16, 2014[6]

26

Alex Rodriguez

546
July 25, 2000
September 23, 2003

27

Candy LaChance

540

28

Buck Freeman

535

29

Fred Luderus

533
June 2, 1916
September 28, 1919

30

Hideki Matsui

519
March 31, 2003
May 11, 2006

text: Official definition[edit]

text: MLB's rule 10.23(c), defining consecutive game streaks, is as follows: "A consecutive game playing streak shall be extended if the player plays one half inning on defense, or if he completes a time at bat by reaching base or being put out. A pinch running appearance only shall not extend the streak. If a player is ejected from a game by an umpire before he can comply with the requirements of this rule, his streak shall continue."[7]

text: Thus it is possible for a pinch-runner to enter a game and record a statistic—steal a base, be caught stealing, or score a run—without being credited with a (consecutive) game played. Indeed, Juan Pierre appeared in 821 consecutive games from 2002 to 2007, but on June 3, 2005, he was used solely as a pinch runner.  Under Rule 10.23(c), this resulted in separate games-played streaks of 386 and 434 games. [8]

text: Similarly, a fielder can field a ball in play, make a putout or an assist, and even commit an error, without being credited with a (consecutive) game played. For example, Hideki Matsui's consecutive games streak was ended when he broke his wrist diving for a ball with two outs in the first inning of the Yankee game of May 11, 2006. That game would have been #519 in his MLB streak and #1,769 in his MLB/Japan game streak (see below), but since Matsui did not play a full half inning on defense, that game is sometimes not counted in his streak. MLB and the Society for American Baseball Research[9] both credit Matsui with having played 519 consecutive MLB games.

text: Streak starts, continuations, and ends[edit]

text: Lou Gehrig's streak started as a pinch-hitter. The next day he started at first base in place of slumping Wally Pipp[10]  and stayed there for fourteen years. On July 14, 1934, Gehrig, suffering from an attack of lumbago, was listed in the Yankee lineup at shortstop. He batted in the top of the first inning to preserve the streak, singled, and was promptly removed from the game.[11][12]  Gehrig's streak was ended by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the disease that would take his life. His physical abilities rapidly declining, Gehrig told manager Joe McCarthy to take him out of the lineup on May 2, 1939. He never played again, dying in 1941.

text: Garvey's streak was ended when he dislocated his thumb in a home plate collision against the Atlanta Braves.[13]

text: Scott's streak was ended when Manager Miller Huggins benched him in favor of Pee Wee Wanninger.

text: Ripken says that the closest he ever came to not playing during his streak was the day after he twisted his knee during a bench-clearing brawl against the Seattle Mariners in June 1993.[14] When the 1994–95 player's strike threatened to destroy Ripken's streak as baseball owners planned to use replacement players, Baltimore owner Peter Angelos announced that the Orioles would rather not field a team than see Ripken's streak snapped.[15] The replacement player scenario never came to pass, as the remainder of the 1994 season—including the World Series—was cancelled due to the strike. Ripken broke Gehrig's record on September 6, 1995.[16] Ripken himself made the decision not to play on September 20, 1998, the Orioles' last home game of the season. Rookie Ryan Minor played third base for Ripken in a 5–4 loss to the Yankees.[17] Ripken's record is considered by many to be unbreakable.[18][19]

text: Miguel Tejada's streak ended after Doug Brocail hit Tejada on the wrist with a pitch on June 20, 2007. During the game on June 21, Tejada took an at-bat in the top half of the first inning, bunting into a fielder's choice. He was removed from the game for a pinch runner, officially keeping the streak alive. But Tejada was then diagnosed with a broken wrist and went to the disabled list, ending his streak at 1,152 games.[20][21]

text: Consecutive innings[edit]

text: From June 5, 1982 to September 14, 1987, Ripken played 8,264 consecutive innings, which is believed to be a record, although not one that is officially kept by MLB. The second-longest streak known to have occurred is 5,152 consecutive innings by George Pinkney from 1885 to 1890. The World record for consecutive innings played is currently held by former Hanshin Tigers player and now coach Tomoaki Kanemoto playing 1492 games without missing an inning[22]

text: Combined Japanese–US streak[edit]

text: Hideki Matsui assembled a consecutive games streak of 1,769 games combined between the Japanese league Yomiuri Giants and the Major league New York Yankees. If games in Japan were counted, this would place Matsui behind only Ripken and Gehrig for streaks in Major League Baseball, although other streaks that took place solely in Japan have been longer (Sachio Kinugasa's streak of 2,215 games, which was a world record until broken by Ripken, as well at Takashi Toritani's streak of 1,895 games as of the end of the 2017 season).  The MLB portion of Matsui's streak lasted for 519 games and is a MLB record for consecutive games to start a player's career. The entire combined streak stretched from August 22, 1993, to May 10, 2006, and was ended by a wrist injury sustained during what was his 519th consecutive game (see above). The MLB portion of the streak extended from March 31, 2003 (opening day), until May 10, 2006.[23]


document_title: On Golden Pond (1981 film)

question_text: where is the movie on golden pond filmed

text: On Golden Pond (1981 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: An aging couple, Ethel and Norman Thayer, continue the long tradition of spending each summer at their cottage on a lake called Golden Pond, in the far reaches of northern New England. When they first arrive, Ethel notices the loons calling on the lake "welcoming them home". As they resettle into their summer home, Norman's memory problems arise when he is unable to recognize several family photographs, which he copes with by frequently talking about death and growing old. They are visited by their only child, a daughter, Chelsea, who is somewhat estranged from her curmudgeon of a father. She introduces her parents to her fiance Bill and his thirteen-year-old son Billy. Norman tries to play mind games with Bill, an apparent pastime of his, but Bill won't hear of it, saying he can only take so much. In another conversation, Chelsea discusses with Ethel her frustration over her relationship with her overbearing father, feeling that even though she lives thousands of miles away in Los Angeles, she still feels like she's answering to him. Before they depart for a European vacation, Chelsea and Bill ask the Thayers to permit Billy to stay with them while they have some time to themselves. Norman, seeming more senile and cynical than usual due to his 80th birthday and heart palpitations, agrees to Billy's staying. Ethel tells him that he's the sweetest man in the world, but she is the only one who knows it.

text: Billy is at first annoyed by being left with elderly strangers with no friends nearby and nothing to do. He resents Norman's brusque manner, but eventually comes to enjoy their Golden Pond fishing adventures together. Billy and Norman soon grow obsessed with catching Norman's fish rival, named "Walter", which leads to the accidental destruction of the Thayers' motorboat. Chelsea returns to find out her father has made good friends with her fiance's, now husband's, son. But when she sees the change in her father's demeanor, Chelsea attempts something Billy accomplished that she never could: a backflip. Chelsea successfully executes the dive in front of a cheering Norman, Billy, and Ethel. Chelsea and Norman finally fully embrace before she departs with Billy back home.

text: The final day on Golden Pond comes and the Thayers are loading the last of the boxes. Norman tries to move a heavy box, but starts having heart pain and collapses onto the floor of the porch. Ethel tries unsuccessfully to get the operator to phone the hospital. Norman then says the pain is gone and attempts to stand to say a final farewell to the lake. Ethel tells him she has always known about death but for the first time it felt real, thinking Norman was going to die on the spot. Ethel helps Norman to the edge of the lake where they see the loons and Norman notes how they are just like him and Ethel, that their offspring is grown and gone off on her own, and now it is just the two of them.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Katharine Hepburn – Ethel Thayer
Henry Fonda – Norman Thayer Jr.
Jane Fonda – Chelsea Thayer Wayne
Doug McKeon – Billy Ray
Dabney Coleman – Bill Ray
William Lanteau – Charlie Martin
Christopher Rydell – Sumner Todd

tag: ul

text: Production notes[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Jane Fonda purchased the rights to the play specifically for her father, Henry Fonda, to play the role of the cantankerous Norman Thayer.[3] The father-daughter rift depicted on screen closely paralleled the real-life relationship between the two Fondas.

text: Screenwriter Thompson spent his summers along the shores of Great Pond, located in Belgrade, Maine, but the film was made on Squam Lake in Holderness, New Hampshire.[4] The house used in the film was leased from a New York physician and was modified significantly for the shoot: an entire second floor was added as a balcony over the main living area at the request of the production designer. After the shoot, the production company was contractually obligated to return the house to its original state but the owner liked the renovations so much that he elected to keep the house that way and asked the crew not to dismantle the second story. A gazebo and a small boathouse were also relocated during the shoot.

text: Despite their many common acquaintances and long careers in show business, Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn not only had never worked together, but had never met until working on the film. On the first day of shooting, Hepburn presented Henry Fonda with her longtime companion Spencer Tracy's "lucky" hat, which Fonda wore in the film. Hepburn, who was 74 at the time of filming, performed all her own stunts, including a dive into the pond. The scene in which Norman and step-grandson Billy run their boat into the rocks was filmed repeatedly. The vintage 1951 mahogany Chris-Craft boat, used strictly for the crash scene, was so sturdy that it kept bouncing off the rocks without any damage.[5][6][7] The crew had to modify the boat so it would break away in the wreck. The water level in Squam Lake was so low during the summer of production that Fonda and Doug McKeon could have stood during the scene in which they were supposedly clinging to the rocks for fear of drowning. The September water was barely knee-deep, but it was cold enough that the pair had to wear wetsuits under their clothes.Hepburn, on the other hand, dove into the water without the aid of the wetsuit because she wanted the scene to keep its authenticity. Some of the scenes in which Billy takes the boat out on his own were filmed on nearby Lake Winnipesaukee. While filming the scene where Fonda and Hepburn were watching the loons on the lake, the speedboat that zoomed by and disturbed them was so forceful it overturned their canoe in one take; Fonda was immediately taken out of the water and wrapped up in blankets as his health was fragile by that time. The speedboat was piloted by the screenwriter, Ernest Thompson.

text: When visiting Holderness, New Hampshire, one can take a boat tour of Squam Lake and view the filming sites from the movie. There is also a restaurant called "Walter's Basin", which is named after the trout called "Walter" that Billy catches with Norman. For filming, "Walter" was brought in from a trout pond at the nearby Castle in the Clouds estate. He was released after his capture back into Squam Lake. Leftover footage of Fonda and Hepburn driving through the New Hampshire countryside, as seen in the opening credits, was later used for the opening of the CBS television sitcom Newhart.

text: The studio behind the film was ITC Entertainment, the British company presided over (until late 1981) by Lord Grade, the television and film mogul. It was Grade who largely raised the financing for the film.

text: With a box office take of $119,285,432, On Golden Pond was the second-highest grossing film of the year, following Raiders of the Lost Ark, which earned $209,562,121.[8]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said "On Golden Pond was a treasure for many reasons, but the best one, I think, is that I could believe it. I could believe in its major characters and their relationships, and in the things they felt for one another, and there were moments when the movie was witness to human growth and change. I left the theater feeling good and warm, and with a certain resolve to try to mend my own relationships and learn to start listening better . . . watching the movie, I felt I was witnessing something rare and valuable."[9]

text: In his The New York Times review, Vincent Canby said, "As a successful Broadway play, On Golden Pond was processed American cheese, smooth, infinitely spreadable and bland, with color added by the actors . . . the movie . . . still American cheese, but its stars – Henry Fonda, Katharine Hepburn, Jane Fonda and Dabney Coleman – add more than color to this pasteurized product. On Golden Pond now has the bite of a good old cheddar . . . Mr. Fonda gives one of the great performances of his long, truly distinguished career. Here is film acting of the highest order . . . Miss Hepburn . . . is also in fine form. One of the most appealing things about her as an actress is the way she responds to – and is invigorated by – a strong co-star . . . she needs someone to support, challenge and interact with. Mr. Fonda is the best thing that's happened to her since Spencer Tracy and Humphrey Bogart . . . an added pleasure is the opportunity to see Dabney Coleman [in] a role that goes beyond the caricatures he's usually given to play . . . On Golden Pond is a mixed blessing, but it offers one performance of rare quality and three others that are very good. That's not half-bad."[10]

text: TV Guide rates it 3 ½ out of a possible four stars, calling it "a beautifully photographed movie filled with poignancy, humor, and (of course) superb acting . . . there could have been no finer final curtain for [Henry Fonda] than this."[11] Channel 4 sums up its review by stating, "Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn both shine in an impressively executed Hollywood drama. [It] has its mawkish moments but there's a certain pleasure in that, and writer Thompson's analysis of old age is sensitive, thought-provoking and credible."[12]

text: Not all reviewers were impressed, however. David Kehr of the Chicago Reader called the film "the cinematic equivalent of shrink-wrapping, in which all of the ideas, feelings, characters, and images are neatly separated and hermetically sealed to prevent spoilage, abrasion, or any contact with the natural world . . . Mark Rydell's bright, banal visual style further sterilizes the issues. The film exudes complacency and self-congratulation; it is a very cowardly, craven piece of ersatz art."[13] Time Out London says, "Two of Hollywood's best-loved veterans deserved a far better swan song than this sticky confection."[14] Mad magazine satirized the film as On Olden Pond.

text: American Film Institute recognition

text:
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies – Nominated[15]
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions – No. 22
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes:

"Listen to me, mister. You're my knight in shining armor. Don't you forget it. You're going to get back on that horse, and I'm going to be right behind you, holding on tight, and away we're gonna go, go, go!" – #88
"Come here, Norman. Hurry up. The loons! The loons! They're welcoming us back." – Nominated[16]

AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – #24
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers – #45
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[17]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

Academy Awards[18]
March 29, 1982
Best Picture
Bruce Gilbert
Nominated

Best Director
Mark Rydell
Nominated

Best Actor
Henry Fonda
Won

Best Actress
Katharine Hepburn
Won

Best Supporting Actress
Jane Fonda
Nominated

Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium
Ernest Thompson
Won

Best Cinematography
Billy Williams
Nominated

Best Editing
Robert L. Wolfe
Nominated

Best Original Score
Dave Grusin
Nominated

Best Sound
Richard Portman and David M. Ronne
Nominated

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

BAFTA Awards[19]
1984
Best Film
Bruce Gilbert
Nominated

Best Director
Mark Rydell
Nominated

Best Actor
Henry Fonda
Nominated

Best Actress
Katharine Hepburn
Won

Best Supporting Actress
Jane Fonda
Nominated

Best Screenplay
Ernest Thompson
Nominated

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

Golden Globe Awards[20]
1984
Best MotionPicture-Drama
Bruce Gilbert
Won

Best Director
Mark Rydell
Nominated

Best Actor
Henry Fonda
Won

Best Actress
Katharine Hepburn
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress
Jane Fonda
Nominated

Best Screenplay
Ernest Thompson
Won

text:
Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures (nominee)
Grammy Award for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Special (nominee)
Writers Guild of America Award for Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium (winner)


document_title: List of New Girl characters

question_text: who plays aly's sister on new girl

question_tokens: who plays aly 's sister on new girl

text: List of New Girl characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Summary of character appearances

Character
Portrayed by
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Jessica Day
Zooey Deschanel
Main

Nick Miller
Jake Johnson
Main

Schmidt
Max Greenfield
Main

Coach
Damon Wayans, Jr.
Main[a]

Recurring
Main
Special guest

Cece
Hannah Simone
Main

Winston Bishop
Lamorne Morris
Main

Ruth
Danielle and Rhiannon Rockoff

Main

text: Jessica Day[edit]

text: Jessica Christopher[b] "Jess" Day (Zooey Deschanel) is a bubbly, offbeat teacher in her early thirties who is originally from Portland, Oregon. After discovering in the pilot episode that her live-in boyfriend, Spencer, is cheating on her, she moves into the guys' apartment where Nick, Schmidt, and Winston help her move on from her break-up. The series follows her adventures as she goes through various relationships and jobs.

text: Nick Miller[edit]

text: Nicholas Miller (Jake Johnson) is one of Jess' roommates who works as a bartender. He and Winston are childhood friends from Chicago.[c] At the start of the series, he struggles from having broken up with his long-term girlfriend Caroline, At one of the wedding events, he almost tries to reunite with her. In the episode "Bells", it is revealed that he is fairly frugal and prefers to repair things in the apartment by himself rather than hire outside help. He had also dropped out of law school.[d] In the episode "Secrets", it is shown he is not good at keeping secrets, and sweats on his lower back.[e] He is also not good with taking care of plants. After many failed relationships, Nick tries to rekindle his romance with Caroline and almost moves in with her at the end of season 1.[f]

text: In season 2, he writes a zombie novel called Z Is for Zombie[1] He and Jess become attracted to each other and they kiss in the season 2 episode "Cooler". Afterwards, he and Jess are confused as to how to deal with their relationship, but later have sex in the episode "Virgins". They eventually agree to be a couple at the end of season 2, but break up towards the end of season 3. In season 4, he hooks up with Tran's granddaughter Kai. He and Schmidt revive their business ventures, investing in a share of the bar where he works. In season 5, while Jess is sequested on jury duty, he gets to know their temporary roommate Reagan Lucas, but only get as far as kissing before she leaves. They start dating at the end of season 5. At the beginning of season 6, he returns from New Orleans and works on his novel The Pepperwood Chronicles while maintaining a long-distance and later in-loft relationship with Reagan. However, at the end of season 6 he and Reagan break up, and he reunites with Jess. Three years later, in the season 7 premiere, Nick and Jess return to the loft after a European book tour for Pepperwood,[2] although he is still waiting for the right time to propose to Jess. He eventually proposes to her in the episode "Mario", and they marry in the episode "The Curse of the Pirate Bride". In the series finale, he and Jess move out of the loft to a two-bedroom apartment.

text: Schmidt[edit]

text: Winston Saint-Marie Schmidt[3] (Max Greenfield), known simply as Schmidt, is the guy who originally posted the online ad for a new roommate.[g] He is an overly confident ladies' man who is originally from Long Island, New York. While attending Syracuse University, he was very obese, and shared a dorm room with Nick and became life-long friends.[h][i][4] Since then, he has worked hard to lose weight and to be seen as physically attractive and cool. Because of this, he often says offensive or cocky things, as a consequence of which he must put money in the "douchebag jar" of the apartment.[g][h][5] He is relatively wealthy compared to his roommates, having bought the couch and refrigerator, and splurging on things such as an 80-dollar sushi plate; it was also noted that his family spent $30,000 on his Bar Mitzvah. Schmidt is a successful marketing associate, the sole male in a female-dominated office, and is known for his numerous flings with women.[d] Schmidt's other quirks include a fear of feral cats, especially the one on their apartment's roof;[c] being very controlling and a germophobe when it comes to preparing food; and organizing things.[j][8][k]

text: In the second half of season 1, he has a casual but passionate sexual relationship with fashion model and best friend of Jess, Cece. However, in the season 1 finale, he ends his relationship with Cece because he feels she deserves someone better.[f] In season 2, he continues to have feelings for Cece, being jealous of Cece's date Robby. He has a brief relationship with co-worker Emma who has him sign a sex contract. Towards the end of the season, when he realizes Cece is going to wed Shivrang, he rekindles a relationship with his college girlfriend Elizabeth and tries to sabotage the wedding. In season 3, he tries to date both Elizabeth and Cece but it does not last long. He moves into neighboring apartment 4C allowing for Coach to return as a roommate, but later moves back to 4D after he uses his savings to fund a storefront for Jess' sister, and shares a room with Nick.[9] In season 4, he dates councilwoman Fawn Moscato and tries to keep up with her climbing the social ladder, but eventually breaks up with her. In the season 4 finale "Clean Break", he realizes he cannot part ways with Cece and her stuff; he proposes to her.[l] They marry at the end of season 5. In season 6, they purchase a fixer-upper house, and have it renovated. Towards the end of season 6, he is promoted to director of marketing, and in the final episode, he learns that Cece is expecting. In the season 7 premiere, it is revealed that Schmidt has become a stay-at-home dad to their three-year-old daughter Ruth.[10]

text: Schmidt's first name is a long-kept secret of the series, until the second-to-last episode of season six "San Diego" in which it is revealed to be Winston.[3]

text: Coach[edit]

text: Ernie Tagliaboo[m] (Damon Wayans, Jr.) who goes by the nickname Coach, is a cocky and driven, yet sometime awkward former athlete who works as a personal trainer. He is one of the roommates when Jess first moves into the loft in the pilot, but he moves out before the second episode for then-undisclosed reasons, allowing for Winston to take his place. In season 3, Coach had broken up with his girlfriend Malia and lives with the gang in the loft.[11][12] He has worked as a personal trainer at gyms and as a sports coach and health class teacher at Jess' school.[13] At the end of season 4, Coach moves to New York with his girlfriend May,[l] He makes guest appearances afterwards in seasons 5–7.

text: Cece [edit]

text: Cecilia "Cece" Parikh[n] (Hannah Simone) is Jess' best friend since childhood, a street-smart and snarky fashion model. Although she is fairly serious and cool, she does enjoy parties and has gotten drunk on occasion where she acts more wildly. Her parents were born in India.[c] Initially skeptical of Jess' new roommates, Cece becomes interested in Schmidt after seeing him become emotional while preparing Thanksgiving dinner.[j] They have a passionate sexual relationship and try to keep it a secret from the others until they were discovered by Winston when the latter drove to Mexico. Although Schmidt breaks up with her at the end of season 1, she still retains feelings towards him.[f]

text: In season 2, Cece dates a guy named Robby. She later discovers that she has limited time to conceive a baby and decides to enter an arranged marriage with a man called Shivrang. However, she calls off the wedding in the season 2 finale after realizing that she is still in love with Schmidt and has no feelings for Shivrang, who also turned out to be in love with someone else. At the start of season 3, a confused Schmidt misleads her as he attempts to carry on two distinct relationships. However, she soon discovers the truth and is left to recuperate after the break-up. She starts working part-time as a bartender at the place where Nick works,[15] passes her GED exam and takes community college classes. While Schmidt is dating Fawn Moscato, Cece begins to have feelings for him again. She goes on a hiking trip to Mount Shasta, and when she returns she accepts his marriage proposal in the season 4 finale "Clean Break".[l] They get married in the season 5 finale "Landing Gear", and buy a house, which they fix up in season 6. In addition to bartending, she opens up a modeling agency called Cece's Boys in season 6. In the final episode, "Five Stars for Beezus", Cece learns she is pregnant. Three years later, in season 7, she and Schmidt have a three-year-old daughter named Ruth, and her modeling agency was merged into a larger agency.

text: Winston Bishop[edit]

text: Winston L'Andre Bishop[l] (Lamorne Morris) is a tenacious and somewhat eccentric former basketball player from Chicago and Nick's childhood friend.[d] He first appears in "Kryptonite", where he moves into the apartment, replacing Coach who had vacated. Prior to his stay, he had been a point guard for a team in the Latvian Basketball League, but has been struggling to find meaningful work.[d] He has the ability to master things quickly, as shown in the "Bells" episode, when he rings handbells, but is not so good with interacting with children when he is asked to lead them in a song.[d] He enjoys pulling pranks on people but the jokes are either too small or too big. He also enjoys jigsaw puzzles and wearing shirts with pictures of birds or other animals on them.[16][17]

text: After dabbling in some odd jobs, including being a nanny for Schmidt's boss Gina's son, he gets his break as a research assistant to a sports radio show host,[18] which leads to his own show on the radio's late night shift. He dates Shelby, who he had treated neglectfully in the past.[19] In the season 1 finale, it is revealed he his afraid of the dark,[20] although after spending a night in the desert, he seems to get over it.

text: In season 2, he breaks up with Shelby in the Halloween episode. He later dates Daisy, but because of their schedule, they only have a small window of time to be with each other. Early in season 3, when he breaks up with Daisy, he takes ownership of her cat Furguson.[21] He later dates a bus driver named Bertie. Having realized that others have been making his career choices for him all his life, he quits his radio host job,[22] enrolls in a police academy, and becomes a police officer for the LAPD. He is partnered with the tough, but kind-hearted colleague, Aly Nelson. They start dating in season 5,[23] and he proposes to her in season 6.[24] Three years later, he and Aly are married and are expecting a child, living on their own. In the episode "Curse of the Pirate Bride", Aly gives birth to a baby boy whom Winston names Dan Bill Bishop, and in the series finale flash-forward scene, they have five children.[25]

text: Ruth[edit]

text: Ruth Bader Parikh-Schmidt (Danielle Rockoff and Rhiannon Rockoff) is the daughter of Schmidt and Cece, first appearing in season 7 where she celebrates her third birthday. Showrunner Brett Baer said that they chose to name her after U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg because of Schmidt's character growth and change from a political conservative that objectified women to someone who admired strong women and wants his daughter to become President of the United States someday.[26]

text: Secondary characters[edit]

text: Introduced in season 1[edit]

text:
Caroline (Mary Elizabeth Ellis), Nick's ex-girlfriend at the start of the series. She and Nick hook up briefly near the end of season 1, and Nick is about to move into an apartment with her.[27]
Paul Genzlinger (Justin Long), a music teacher at Jess' school whom Jess takes a liking to.[28] The guys remark that he is quirky and emotional like a male version of Jess. Jess thinks he makes a funny face when he cries. He later becomes engaged to Jenn, who Jess thinks is like an Asian version of her.[27] In a season 4 episode "Walk of Shame", it was revealed that he and Jenn had broken up, and that he had been working as a clown entertainer for kids birthday parties, but Jess convinces him to quit that and move forward with his life.
Gina (Michaela Watkins), Schmidt's boss and the Vice President at Associated Strategies. She is described as "tough, domineering, unpleasant".[29] She has a baby shower in season 1 which Schmidt gets himself invited to.[o] She has a son named Elvin whom Winston befriends at the holiday Christmas party,[p] and whom Winston watches over as a nanny prior to his radio show job.
Sadie (June Diane Raphael), Jess' friend who is a lesbian gynecologist.[30] She is pregnant in the second season. Her partner is Melissa, who is played by series writer Kay Cannon.[31]
Kim (Gillian Vigman), Schmidt's other boss and the CFO at Associated Strategies. She has dark blonde hair.[32] Some of her tasks seem like double entendres to Schmidt.[q]
Benjamin (David Neher), Schmidt's former college roommate and "fremesis".[33][34][35]
Tanya Lamontagne (Rachael Harris), the vice principal at Jess' school in season 1.[36] She joins Jess on the party bus.[h]
Remy[q] (Jeff Kober), the creepy landlord of the apartment building that the guys wanted to avoid using whenever possible. When Jess befriends him, he assumes she wants to flirt with him. He is also OK with having a threesome with Nick and Jess.[37]
Julia Cleary[r] (Lizzy Caplan), Nick's girlfriend in a story arc in season 1. At first she appears to be the perfect girl to Nick, but later it is revealed she has anger management issues.[28] She is a lawyer who has a contrasting personality to the bubbly Jess.[k]
Shelby (Kali Hawk), Winston's love interest. They had a tryst before Winston went to Latvia, but after much apologizing on Winston's part, she agreed to give him a second chance. She manages a diner.[38][k]
Russell Schiller[s] (Dermot Mulroney), appears in the episodes "Fancyman" as the divorced father of one of Jess' students. He dislikes that her daughter did a weird art project and wanted to pull her out of Jess' class. Jess' boss reveals that Russell was the third largest donor in the city, and the episodes show that he has a fancy car and house, but that he is very generous and kind to Jess because he likes her.[s] Mulroney described his role as being a person half-generation older, but that he had a blast working with the group. Mulroney's role was initially for three episodes but was extended to a fourth episode and also included guest star Jeanne Tripplehorn who played Russell's ex-wife.[39] In the season 7 premiere, Russell says that he had remarried and divorced twice in the three years since Jess and Nick got back together, and has a toddler that is in the same gym class as Ruth. He hires Jess to work at his education-based non-profit.[40][41]
Joe Napoli (Phil Hendrie), a sports radio personality who hires Winston as his research assistant. Hendrie himself is a radio personality.[42][43]
Nadia (Rebecca Reid), a Russian model and one of Cece's roommates. On Cece's prompting, she and Schmidt have a date, but it results in an awkward sexual encounter, in which Schmidt injures his penis and has to be hospitalized. Reid auditioned when the show was looking for fashion models that would serve as "intimidatingly taciturn roommates for Cece", and that the character was originally going to just say five words but it got extended into three episodes. Reid said that she had met Russian models who acted like that.[44] In the season 4 episode "Girl Fight", she has a baby shower.[45]

text: Introduced in season 2[edit]

text:
Robby (Nelson Franklin), Cece's new boyfriend in the season premiere. Laid-back and nice, he represents a contrast to Schmidt,[46] who sees him as a rival, but later tries to ally with him against Shivrang. In season 6, he and Jess form a singles group dedicated to keeping their relationships platonic. He and Jess develop feelings for each other; however, during the episode "The Hike", they discover they are third cousins and break up.[47]
Sam Sweeney (David Walton), Jess' love interest after she was laid off from teaching.[48] Jess had planned to have just a physical relationship with someone who was just as disinterested as her at the time. Although Sam appears to be a spacey guy who likes Creed, he is actually a pediatrician.[49]
Bearclaw (Josh Gad), a beer delivery guy at the bar where Nick works.[50][51][52]
Tran (Ralph Ahn), an elderly Asian man who Nick becomes friends with. He hardly speaks, but smiles a lot at Nick, and helps Nick defuse his anger with water therapy in the "Menzies" episode.[53] The character was thought up by Johnson, but Meriweather and the writers thought he was funny and really easy to write for. He also helps Nick ask Jess out on a date.[54] Tran's granddaughter also has a storyline in the show as Nick's love interest.[55][56][57]
Emma (Carla Gugino) is the Vice President of the North American region of Associated Strategies. She and Schmidt have a brief sexual relationship that was prefaced with Schmidt signing a legal sex contract. Gugino described her character as like Fifty Shades of Grey but more comical.[58]
Joan Day (Jamie Lee Curtis) is Jess' mother. She and Bob are divorced and she shares some personality quirks with Jess.[59]
Bob Day (Rob Reiner) is Jess' father.[59] Though he admits to having many similarities to Nick, he is very protective of Jess and disapproves of their relationship. In season 4, he proposes marriage to Ashley, one of Jess' former schoolmates,[60] and marries her in the episode "Oregon", but is divorced again in season 6.
Big Schmidt (Rob Riggle), Schmidt's rival cousin, first showing at Thanksgiving.[61] He returns in season 5 for the bachelor party festivities.[62]
Angie (Olivia Munn), a bar patron that Nick falls for as she broke up with a boyfriend. She works as a stripper,[63] but Jess encourages Nick to be with her.[64] When asked about Angie and Nick's abrupt breakup, Munn said that it was more of a practical setting so that she could return to filming episodes for The Newsroom and that she liked seeing Nick and Jess together.[65]
Walt Miller (Dennis Farina), Nick's dad. He is a con man who during his visit in season 2, tries to get Jess to invest in buying a race horse and trying to sell it for studding.[66] The gang later go to Chicago for his funeral, and he appears in a flashback episode afterwards.[67] Farina died several months after his appearances were broadcast on New Girl.[68]
Shivrang (Satya Bhabha), Cece's fiance by arranged marriage.[69]
Daisy (Brenda Song), Winston's love interest. She initially appeared at the bar wearing an engagement ring but that was to fend off guys. She tries to teach Winston to be more confident in picking up girls. Because of their schedules they only have a small window of time to interact.[70] She is described as competitive and intense and disliking quitters.[71] Although they part ways in season 3, Winston takes ownership of Daisy's cat Furguson.[72][73]
Outside Dave (Steve Agee), a homeless man who lives outside of the apartment building and often interacts with Jess and the roommates.[74]
Elizabeth (Merritt Wever), Schmidt's college girlfriend.[75][76][77]
Principal Foster (Curtis Armstrong), the eccentric principal of Coolidge Middle School.[78] Despite his apparent incompetence and frequent oddness, he and Jess have a congenial relationship. His given name is Alan. Although he retires in season 5, he is still named Principal Foster for appearances in season 6.

text: Introduced in season 3[edit]

text:
Rose (Angela Kinsey), a "snobbish "cool" teacher" at Coolidge Middle School. She is described as "turned off by Jess' diligence and goody-two-shoes approach to her job."[79]
Lorenzo[t] (Brian Posehn), credited as Biology Teacher, works at Coolidge Middle School.[80][81]
Bertie (Jessica Chaffin) is a bus driver who becomes Winston's girlfriend when she found Winston's cat. Winston likes that she's down-to-earth.[82]
Mike (Ben Falcone), the gay owner of the bar where Nick and Cece work.[83][84]
Abby Day (Linda Cardellini), Jess' older sister, described as bit of a wild child. She is frequently in trouble with the law. The writers also used Cardellini as a character reference.[85][86]

text: Introduced in season 4[edit]

text:
Ryan Geauxinue (Julian Morris) an attractive new science teacher from England who becomes Jess' love interest, although Jess struggles with entering the relationship because of her position as a vice-principal and the school policy of not having relationships with teachers.[87][88][89] In the episode "Landline", the gang are confused as to how to pronounce his name, thinking it sounds more like "goes in you".[90]
Kai (Greta Lee), Tran's granddaughter who becomes Nick's girlfriend.[91] The gang worry that Kai is looking for a sugar daddy but Nick later discovers that she works as a consultant but is fairly well-off with her own apartment.[45] She enjoys staying on the couch with Nick, but eventually breaks up with Nick when he becomes too assertive in his career ambitions.[m]
Fawn Moscato (Zoe Lister-Jones), a city councilwoman who becomes Schmidt's love interest. She is described as controlling and manipulative, using Schmidt mostly as a model boyfriend to advance her causes.[92][93][94] In the series finale, she has become mayor.[25]
Aly Nelson (Nasim Pedrad), Winston's officer partner. She is petite, which gets the guys worried that she cannot defend herself, but she quickly proves them wrong. At first, she does not want to be in a relationship with Winston, as she had fallen for a co-worker before and it did not work out, so they start as friends. They start becoming a couple in season 5 and get engaged in season 6.[23] In the season 7 premiere, she and Winston are married and she is pregnant. In the episode "Curse of the Pirate Bride", she gives birth to a baby boy whom Winston names Dan Bill Bishop, and in the series finale flash-forward scene, she and Winston have five children.[25]
May (Meaghan Rath), a girl that Coach keeps running into at the Valentine's Day bar crawl.[95] She agrees to be Coach's girlfriend on the condition that he write her a nice letter, but when Coach accidentally sends off a number of rough drafts, she accepts him anyway. She plays the cello in a chamber ensemble, but is accepting of Coach's quirks and flaws, as well as his interests, playing "Heavy Action" (the theme for Monday Night Football) for him. When she accepts a job in New York, she and Coach are about to break up but they both have second thoughts, and Coach agrees to move with her.
Louise Schmidt (Nora Dunn), Schmidt's mother.[u] She is very strict and insists that Schmidt do all his bar mitzvah thank you cards before granting him the money, and nitpicks at his manners. She later proposes to her best friend and roommate Susan toward the end of season 5.[96][97][98]

text: Introduced in season 5[edit]

text:
J. Cronkite Valley-Forge (Fred Melamed), the CFO at Associated Strategies around the time when Schmidt is engaged.[99]
Reagan Lucas (Megan Fox), a gorgeous, no-nonsense bisexual pharmaceutical sales rep who comes to town on business and shakes things up in the loft when she rents out Jess' room while the latter is sequestered on jury duty (during Zooey Deschanel's parental leave).[100][101] She knows Cece from a previous gig they did together. Reagan starts dating Nick, but they eventually break up at the end of season six.[102]
Gavin Schmidt (Peter Gallagher), Schmidt's father. He is divorced, but made out with Jess in his introductory episode. He owns a vineyard.[103] Nick and Schmidt do not trust him at first because he has been unreliable as a father to Schmidt, but Nick tells him to clean up his act, and he does so.[104] In season 6, he gets in trouble when he dates six women at once.[105]

text: Introduced in season 6[edit]

text:
Leslie Nelson (Ayden Mayeri), Aly's air-headed sister who initially works as a realtor.[106]
Donovan (Trent Garrett), a hunky attractive guy that Cece hires as a bartender.[107] He later becomes Cece's first client for her modeling agency business.
Merle Streep (Brian Huskey), Nick's publisher editor.[108]

text: Notes and episodes cited[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Damon Wayans, Jr. was only credited as a part of the main cast in the "Pilot" episode.
Jump up ^ In the season 4 episode "Oregon", Jess reveals her middle name to be Christopher because her dad wanted a boy.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Cece Crashes". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 5. [14]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Bells". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 7. [6][7]
Jump up ^ "Secrets". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 19. April 3, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "See Ya". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 24. May 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pilot". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 1.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Story of the 50". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 10. January 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Wedding". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 3.
^ Jump up to: a b "Thanksgiving". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 6.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Jess and Julia". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 11. January 31, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Clean Break". New Girl. Season 4. Episode 22. May 5, 2015. Event occurs at 06m10s for Winston's middle name, near end of episode for Cece's last name. Fox.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Crawl". New Girl. Season 4. Episode 15. February 10, 2015. Fox.
Jump up ^ Cece's last name has been spelled Parikh and Parekh. The season 5 episode "D-Day" shows an invitation where Cece's last name is spelled Parikh. The season 2 episode "Table 34" the captions spelled her name Parikh. However, it was spelled Parekh in the season 4 finale "Clean Break" and some captions early in season 5. It is also spelled Parekh in the Fox profiles.
Jump up ^ "Bad in Bed". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 8. December 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The 23rd". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 9. December 13, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Landlord". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 12. February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Valentine's Day". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 13. February 14, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fancyman (Part 1)". New Girl. Season 1. Episode 17. March 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Coming Out". New Girl. Season 4. Episode 13. January 13, 2015. Fox.
Jump up ^ Barbara Kerford played Schmidt's mom in a flashback scene for Season 1 episode "Naked"

tag: ol


document_title: Father of surgery

question_text: who is described as the father of surgery

text: Father of surgery

text: Sushruta[edit]

text: Suśruta (Sanskrit: सुश्रुत, lit. "well heard") was an ancient Indian physician, known as the main author of the treatise The Compendium of Suśruta (Sanskrit: Suśruta-saṃhitā) (ca. 600 BCE). The Suśruta-saṃhitā, in its extant form, in 184 chapters contains descriptions of 1,120 illnesses, 700 medicinal plants, 64 preparations from mineral sources, and 57 preparations based on animal sources. The text discusses surgical techniques of making incisions, probing, extraction of foreign bodies, alkali and thermal cauterization, tooth extraction, excisions, and trocars for draining abscess, draining hydrocele and ascitic fluid, removal of the prostate gland, urethral stricture dilatation, vesicolithotomy, hernia surgery, of the abdomen with protrusion of omentum and the principles of fracture management, viz., traction, manipulation, apposition and stabilization including some measures of rehabilitation and fitting of prosthetic. It enumerates six types of dislocations, twelve varieties of fractures, and classification of the bones and their reaction to the injuries, and gives a classification of eye diseases including cataract surgery. Suśruta has been dubbed "the father of surgery" on account of the extraordinarily accurate and detailed accounts of surgery to be found in the work. He has also been called "the first plastic surgeon", management of haemorrhoids, fistulae, laparotomy and management of intestinal obstruction, perforated intestines and accidental perforation[citation needed]

text: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi[edit]

text: The Arab physician Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936-1013) wrote Al-Tasrif (The Method of Medicine), a 30-part medical encyclopedia in Arabic. In the encyclopedia, he introduced his collection of over 200 surgical instruments, many of which were never used before.[1] Some of his works included being the first to describe and prove the hereditary pattern behind hemophilia, as well as describing ectopic pregnancy and stone babies.[2] He has been called the "father of surgery".[3][4]

text: The 14th century French surgeon Guy de Chauliac quoted Al-Tasrif over 200 times. Abu Al-Qasim's influence continued for at least five centuries after his death, extending into the Renaissance, evidenced by al-Tasrif's frequent reference by French surgeon Jacques Daléchamps (1513-1588).[4]

text: Guy de Chauliac[edit]

text: The Frenchman Guy de Chauliac (c. 1300-1368) is said by the Encyclopædia Britannica to have been the most eminent surgeon of the European Middle Ages. He wrote the surgical work Chirurgia magna, which was used as a standard text for some centuries.[5] He has been called the "father of modern surgery".[6]

text: Ambroise Paré[edit]

text: The French surgeon Ambroise Paré (1517–1590) worked as a military doctor. He reformed the treatment of gunshot wounds, rejecting the practice, common at that time, of cauterizing the wound, and ligatured blood vessels in amputated limbs. His collected works were published in 1575. He has been called the "father of modern surgery".[7][8][9]

text: Hieronymus Fabricius[edit]

text: The Italian anatomist and surgeon Hieronymus Fabricius (1537–1619) taught William Harvey, and published a work on the valves of the veins. He has been called the "father of ancient surgery".[10][11]

text: John Hunter[edit]

text: The Scotsman John Hunter (1728–1793) was known for his scientific, experimental approach to medicine and surgery.[12] He has been called the "father of modern surgery".[13][14]

text: Philip Syng Physick[edit]

text: The American surgeon Philip Syng Physick (1768–1837) worked in Philadelphia and invented a number of new surgical methods and instruments.[15] He has been called the "father of modern surgery".[16][17]

text: Joseph Lister[edit]

text: The Englishman Joseph Lister (1827–1912) became well known for his advocacy of the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic, and was dubbed the "father of modern surgery" as a result.[18][19]

text: Theodor Billroth[edit]

text: The German Theodor Billroth (1829–1894) was an early user of antisepsis, and was the first to perform a resection of the esophagus, and various other operations. He has been called the "father of modern surgery".[20][21]

text: William Stewart Halsted[edit]

text: The American William Stewart Halsted (1852–1922) pioneered the radical mastectomy, and designed a residency training program for American surgeons.[22][23] He has been called "the most innovative and influential surgeon the United States has produced", and also the "father of modern surgery".[24][25]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Statue of Suśruta in Haridwar

Al-Zahrawi

Guy de Chauliac

Ambroise Paré

Hieronymus Fabricius

John Hunter

Philip Syng Physick

Joseph Lister

Theodor Billroth

William Stewart Halsted


document_title: Master of the Household

question_text: who is the master of the household buckingham palace

text: Master of the Household

text: List of Masters of the Household[edit]

text:
Richard Browne 1603-1604
Sir Robert Vernon bef. 1608-c.1625
Charles Glemham c.1625–1625
Roger Palmer 1626–1632
In abeyance 1632-1645
George Lisle c.1645-1648
In abeyance? 1648–1660
Sir Herbert Price, 1st Baronet 1660–1665 and 1666–1678
Honourable Henry Bulkeley 1678–1688
Sir Thomas Felton, 4th Baronet 1689–1708
Edmund Dunch 1708–1712
Sir William Pole, 4th Baronet 1712–1714
Edmund Dunch 1714–1719
Sir Conyers Darcy, KB 1720–1730
Sir George Treby 1730–1741
Sir John Harris 1741–1767
The Right Honourable Henry Thynne 1768–1771
Sir Francis Henry Drake, 5th Baronet 1771–1794
Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet 1794–1810
Sir William Kenrick 1810–1812
Samuel Hulse 1812–1827
Sir Frederick Beilby Watson 1827–1838
The Right Honourable Sir Charles Murray, KCB 1838–1844
Captain Henry Meynell 1844–1845
Major-General Sir George Bowles 1845–1851
The Right Honourable General Sir Thomas Biddulph 1851–1866
The Right Honourable Major-General Sir John Cowell KCB 1866–1894
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Edward Pelham-Clinton, GCVO KCB 1894–1901
The Right Honourable Horace Farquhar, Lord Farquhar, GCB, GCVO 1901–1907 (later Earl Farquhar)[1]
Lieutenant Colonel Sir Charles Arthur Andrew Frederick, GCVO, KCB 1907–1912
Lieutenant-Colonel The Honourable Sir Derek Keppel, GCVO, KCB, CMG, CIE, VD, OWL 1913–1936
Brigadier Sir Smith Child, 2nd Baronet, GCVO, CB, CMG, DSO 1936–1941
Lieutenant-Colonel The Honourable Sir Piers Legh, GCVO KCB CMG CIE OBE 1941–1953
Major Sir Mark Milbank, 4th Baronet, KCVO MC 1954–1967
Brigadier Sir Geoffrey Hardy-Roberts, KCVO CB CBE 1967–1973
Vice-Admiral Sir Peter Ashmore, KCB KCVO DSC 1973–1986
Rear-Admiral Sir Paul Greening, GCVO 1986–1992
Major-General Sir Simon Cooper, GCVO 1992–2000
Vice-Admiral Sir Anthony Blackburn, KCVO CB 2000–2004
Air Marshal Sir David Walker, KCVO OBE 2005-2013[2]
Vice-Admiral Tony Johnstone-Burt, CB, OBE 2013-

text: List of Deputy Masters of the Household[edit]

text:
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Arthur Andrew Frederick 1901–1907[1]
Harry Lloyd-Verney, MVO 1907–1911
Lieutenant-Colonel Honourable Sir Derek Keppel, KCVO CMG CIE VD 1911–1912
Captain Lord Arthur John Hamilton 1913–1914
Honourable Sir Harry Stonor, GCVO 1918–1921
Captain Lord Claud Nigel Hamilton, GCVO CMG DSO 1922–1924
Brigadier-General Sir Smith Child, 2nd Baronet 1929–1936
Lieutenant-Colonel Ririd Myddleton, MVO 1937–1939
Group Captain Peter Townsend, CVO DSO DFC 1950–52
Major Mark Milbank, MVO MC 1952–1954
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Plunket, KCVO 1954–1975
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Blair Stewart-Wilson, KCVO 1976–1994
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Guy Acland, Bt MVO 1994–1999
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Richards, LVO 1999-

text: The Staff[edit]


document_title: Gravity (John Mayer song)

question_text: what is the meaning of the song gravity

question_tokens: what is the meaning of the song gravity

text: Gravity (John Mayer song)

text: Background and production[edit]

text: Mayer suggested in an interview with the magazine Performing Songwriter that "Gravity" was the song he was always trying to write, using the example of "Come Back to Bed" (from Heavier Things) as being an early attempt at "writing Gravity". Along with "Vultures", the song is one of only two songs featured on the John Mayer Trio's debut album, Try!, that carried over into the release of Continuum. Alicia Keys provides background vocals at the end of the song.

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
John Mayer - singing, lead guitar
Pino Palladino - bass, backing vocals
Steve Jordan - drums, percussion
Mehdi Marjan - keyboards

text: Song meaning[edit]

text: This section contains too many or too-lengthy quotations for an encyclopedic entry. Please help improve the article by presenting facts as a neutrally-worded summary with appropriate citations. Consider transferring direct quotations to Wikiquote. (April 2011)

text: In a concert performed in December 2005, Mayer explained the significance and meaning of the song:

text:
“

This is the most important song I’ve ever written, it's a time capsule song. I will listen to it every day of my life if I need to. It's honest to God the most important song I’ve ever written in my life, and it has the fewest words. I was in LA, and I was there for the summer, just writing tunes, and I was in the shower. And I don't know where it came from, but it's the damn truth you know, and I just sang, "gravity...is working against me."
And I just want to say that my full-time job, being—this is true—being a musician is almost a side job to my full-time job of not screwing up. Because the world was devised to be pretty damn even, except for terminal illness, and things that people just absolutely... They're just flukes and they're... You know, I don't know if they're making up for something else way far away that they don't deserve, but it all pretty much evens out.
And if you're gonna do this thing and get paid, and you know, get a car over the phone, if you're gonna do this stuff, something else is gonna happen that is gonna be a temptation to pull you off of it because the people that don't have that going on, they're hoping for that, cause that makes the world even. That makes them even, it makes you even, and where I am now in my life, I’m on a track where as soon as you get in a room, the room is full of things to take you out of the room. "Now that you've made it, here are a plethora of things you can do to not make it. Here are a... Here's the Out door..." and... It's a fill-in-the-blank you know. It's like mad libs. It's like:
[puts hand up to ear like a telephone] "Oh hey John, this is [person that plays... person in the room]... Umm, [person's name, famous person's name] wants to meet you, they want to meet at the top of [famous restaurant] umm, they're really into ya, come on down, you know, in [number] minutes"
and you go... "no." And inside you go... "yeah," but outside you go, "n-n-no." Because those are all ways to take you out. They exist as soon as you get... Even if you're not successful, when you get successful... It's like...
I got successful when I was 23, and that's a crazy looking arc if you chart it out... And all I gotta do is stay up. And sometimes coming down is something to do, because staying up is really boring. If I go out to a party, most people who ask me to a party ask me there so I can be the famous guy at the party, not so I can meet famous people at the party. I am now... When I’m on a plane from New York to LA or LA to New York, and I go [looking around the room], "there are no famous people on the plane, there's usually always one famous person on a plane from New York to LA..." and I go, "ahh shit that's me!! That's not right!"
Umm, this is a song about... making sure you still love yourself... making sure you still have your head on, making sure you still say no the way your mom would say no. And I will need it every damn day of my life because it's easier to mess up than it is to stay here.[1][2]

”

text: Reception[edit]

text: Billboard called the single "an easygoing, bluesy number, convincingly conjuring the spirit of his idol Buddy Guy."[3]

text: On February 22, 2007, "Gravity" entered Billboard's Hot 100 singles chart at #71;[4] at that time, Mayer had two singles charting on the Hot 100 (the other song was "Waiting on the World to Change"). It also entered Billboard's Hot 100 Digital Songs Chart at #63

text: Grammy Awards performance[edit]

text: At the 49th Annual Grammy Awards on February 11, 2007, Mayer performed "Gravity" with Corinne Bailey Rae and John Legend as the end of a medley. The set began with Rae's "Like a Star", and continued with Legend's "Coming Home", before concluding with "Gravity".

text: Stevie Wonder introduced the trio's performance, and each artist performed some aspect of every song through the entire medley. For Rae's "Like a Star", Mayer performed various backing guitar licks, while during Legend's "Coming Home" he performed little. For "Gravity", both Rae and Legend performed backing vocals and Legend played piano.

text: At the awards, Mayer won Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the first single from Continuum, "Waiting on the World to Change".

text: At the 51st Annual Grammy Awards, the live version of "Gravity" that appears on Mayer's Where The Light Is: John Mayer Live In Los Angeles won the award for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance.

text: Cultural influence[edit]

text:
The tune was #84 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs Of All Time.[5]
The family of astronaut Pilot Charles O. Hobaugh chose "Gravity" as the wake-up call for the astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour on August 11, 2007.[6] (The wake-up call is a tradition for NASA spaceflights since the days of Project Gemini.)[7]

text: The song was featured in the House episode, Cane and Able, that aired on September 12, 2006, the day Continuum was released in the United States.

text: Cover versions[edit]

text:
Overboard (Stranded, 2008)
Steph Jones on his album "Gravity" 2009
On season 13 of American Idol; C.J. Harris performed Gravity for his song in the Top 7 theme Competitor's choice
On season 7 of The Voice, Chris Jamison auditioned with "Gravity" before choosing Adam Levine as his coach.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2007)

Peakposition

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[8]

66

Spain (PROMUSICAE)[9]

39

US Billboard Hot 100[10]

71

US Adult Alternative Songs (Billboard)[11]

18

US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[12]

10


document_title: List of individuals executed in Louisiana

question_text: when was the last time louisiana executed someone

text: A total of 28 individuals convicted of murder have been executed by the state of Louisiana since 1976: The most recent Louisiana inmate to be put to death, Gerald Bordelon, waived his appeals and asked the state to carry out his sentence.

text:
Executed person

Date of execution

Method

Victims

Under Governor

1

Robert Wayne Williams

14 December 1983

electric chair

Willie Kelly.

David C. Treen

2

Johnny Taylor, Jr.

29 February 1984

David Vogler.

3

Elmo Patrick Sonnier

5 April 1984

Loretta Bourque and David LeBlanc.

Edwin Edwards

4

Timothy G. Baldwin

10 September 1984

Mary Lee Peters.

5

Ernest Knighton, Jr.

30 October 1984

Ralph Shell.

6

Robert Lee Willie

28 December 1984

Faith Hathaway.

7

David Dene Martin

4 January 1985

Bobby Todd.

8

Benjamin Berry

7 June 1987

Robert Cochran.

9

Alvin R. Moore, Jr.

8 June 1987

Jo Ann Wilson.

10

Jimmy L. Glass

12 June 1987

Newt Brown and Erlene Brown.

11

Jimmy Wingo

16 June 1987

12

Willie Celestine

20 July 1987

Marcelaine Richard.

13

Willie Watson

24 July 1987

Kathy Newman.

14

John E. Brogdon

30 July 1987

Barbara Jo Brown.

15

Sterling J. Rault, Jr.

24 August 1987

Jane Ellen Francioni.

16

Wayne Robert Felde

15 March 1988

Glen Thompkins.

Buddy Roemer

17

Leslie Lowenfield

13 April 1988

Shiela Thomas, Shantel Osborne, Carol Osborne, Owen Griffin, and Myrtle Griffin.

18

Edward R. Byme, Jr.

14 June 1988

Robert Johnson.

19

Dalton Prejean

18 May 1990

Louisiana State Police Trooper Donald Cleveland.

20

Andrew Lee Jones

22 July 1991

Tumekica Jackson.

21

Robert Wayne Sawyer

5 March 1993

lethal injection

Frances Arwood.

Edwin Edwards

22

Thomas Lee Ward

16 March 1995

Wilbert John Spencer.

23

Antonio G. James

1 March 1996

Henry Silver.

Murphy J. Foster, Jr.

24

John Ashley Brown, Jr.

24 April 1997

Omer Laughlin.

25

Dobie Gillis Williams

8 January 1999

Sonja Knippers.

26

Feltus Taylor, Jr.

6 June 2000

Donna Ponsano.

27

Leslie Dale Martin

10 May 2002

Christina Burgin.

28

Gerald Bordelon

7 January 2010

Courtney LeBlanc.

Bobby Jindal


document_title: Impeachment in the Philippines

question_text: who is presiding officer for impeachment trials against the president of the phil

text: Impeachment in the Philippines

text: History[edit]

text: Third Republic[edit]

text: President Elpidio Quirino was accused in 1949 of using government fund to renovate Malacañang Palace, using government funds to purchase furniture for the Presidential Palace and linking him to alleged diamond smuggling. A Congressional committee rejected this complaint for lack of factual and legal basis.

text: In 1964, President Diosdado Macapagal was accused of illegally importing rice to build public support in an election, illegally dismissing officials, using the military to intimidate the political opposition, and ordering the deportation of an American businessman who was in the custody of Congress in violation of the separation of governmental powers. A Congressional committee dismissed all the charges.

text: Fourth and Fifth Republic[edit]

text: President Ferdinand Marcos was accused by 56 lawmakers on 1985 of graft, economic plunder, unexplained wealth, granting monopolies to cronies, and other crimes. the following day the National Assembly committee dismissed the complaints after roughly five hours of discussions for continuing unsupported conclusions.

text: President Corazon Aquino was accused by lawmakers in 1988 of graft and violating the Constitution. The charges were rejected the following month due to lack of evidence.

text: President Joseph Estrada was accused of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution during the impeachment of 2000, to determine the accusations, the House of Representatives choose 11 members to act as prosecutors with the Senate as the impeachment court and the senators as judges. On November 13, 2000, House Speaker Manny Villar sent the articles of impeachment to the Senate for trial.

text: The impeachment trial started on December 7, 2000, which was presided by then-Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. but was aborted on January 16, 2001 after the House private prosecutors walked out from the impeachment proceedings, to protest against the perceived dictatorial tendency of the eleven senator-judges, who supported President Estrada. The walkout led to Second EDSA Revolution and the downfall of President Estrada.

text: President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was accused in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 impeachment complaints for different imputations, specially attempting lying, cheating and stealing during 2004 presidential election against opposition candidate Fernando Poe, Jr.. However all impeachment cases were failed due to absence of one third vote from the members of Congress.

text: President Benigno Aquino III was charged in 2014, of 4 impeachment complaints, in relations to the Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP) which was declared by the Supreme Court as Unconstitutional and the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) between the Philippines and United States, but the House Justice Committee rejects the complaints due to lack of substance.

text: In 2017, impeachment complaints have been filed against both President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo.

text: Other government officials[edit]

text: Ombudsman Aniano Desierto was criticized by some for not aggressively investigating and prosecuting cases of corruption. The impeachment failed.

text: COMELEC commissioner Luzviminda Tancangco was accused of graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust and culpable violation of the Constitution. She allegedly showed bias for the multi-billion-peso voters registration and information system (VRIS) project, deciding to undertake it despite the lack of funds.

text: Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. was accused of culpable violation of the Constitution, betrayal of the public trust and other high crimes.

text: COMELEC Chairman Benjamin Abalos was accused of ZTE national broadband network (NBN) deal and Hello Garci controversy but resigned eventually.

text: Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez was impeached on March 22, 2011 on charges of the office's underperformance and failure to act on several cases during then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's administration. The first impeachment complaint against Gutierrez was filed in 2009, but was dismissed later in that year in a House dominated by Arroyo's Lakas Kampi CMD party.

text: In December 2011, 188 of the 285 members of the House of Representatives voted to transmit the 56-page Articles of Impeachment against Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona.

text: Commission on Elections Chairman Andres D. Bautista had filed a resignation on October 11, 2017 but with effectivity date on December 31, 2017. But due to not stating immediate effectivity of the resignation, on the same day, the House of Representatives still voted to impeach the poll chief with 137 votes (more than 1/3 votes) from the House, overturning a justice committee resolution that earlier dismissed the complaint against him. Bautista eventually made his resignation effective later in the month, before the Senate convened as an impeachment court.

text: Impeachment proceeding of Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno was terminated after she was removed on May 11, 2018, via quo warranto by a special en banc session of the Supreme Court which also ruled that the Chief Justice post vacant; the petition alleged Sereno's appointment was void ab initio due to her failure in complying with the Judicial and Bar Council requirements

text: Public officials impeached[edit]

text:
#
Date of Impeachment
Accused
Office
Filed by
Result

1

November 13, 2000

Joseph Estrada

President

Oppostion Bloc led by House Minority Leader Feliciano Belmonte Jr.

Trial aborted on January 17, 2001; declared as resigned by the Supreme Court on January 20, 2001.

2

March 22, 2011

Merceditas Gutierrez

Ombudsman

31 civil society leaders led by former Senate President Jovito Salonga and Bagong Alyansang Makabayan

House of Representatives approved the Articles of Impeachement by the vote of 241-47 with 4 representatives abstaining, Resigned on April 29, 2011 before trial by the Senate.

3

December 12, 2011

Renato Corona

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Ana Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel, Rodolfo Lozada Jr., Juan Carlo Tejano, and Lea Lopez Navarro

Removed and disqualified by the Senate on May 29, 2012 by the vote of 20-3.

4

October 11, 2017

Andres D. Bautista

Chairman of the Commission on Elections

Former Kabayan Partylist representative Harry Roque

The House Plenary adopted the resolution to impeach Bautista by the vote of 137-75 and 2 abstained, Resigned on October 23, 2017 before trial by the Senate.

5

March 19, 2018

Maria Lourdes Sereno

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Atty. Lorenzo "Larry" Gadon

House Committee of Justice approved the Articles of Impeachement by the vote of 33-1. Removed extra-constitutionally on May 11, 2018 via quo warranto proceedings by a special en banc session of the Supreme Court before the Articles of Impeachment was transmitted to the Senate

text: To date, Corona's removal from as Chief Justice and disqualification from public office is the only completion of the impeachment process. Estrada's impeachment trial ended prematurely, while Gutierrez and Bautista resigned before the Senate convened as an impeachment court.

text: Impeachable officials[edit]

text: Based on Article XI, Section 2 of the Constitution The following officials may be subjected to impeachment:

text:
President of the Philippines
Vice President of the Philippines
Justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
Members of the Constitutional Commissions:

text:
Commission on Elections
Civil Service Commission
Commission on Audit

text: Ombudsman

text: Other officials can be removed from offices but not by impeachment: those under the executive department may be dismissed by the president; members of Congress can be expelled by two-thirds vote of the chamber the member is a part of; local elected officials can be removed from office through recall.

text: In the 1935 and 1973 constitutions, the President, the Vice President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, and the Auditor General were the impeachable officials.

text: Impeachable offenses[edit]

text: The Constitution limits the offenses to the following: culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust.

text: In the 1935 and 1973 constitution, betrayal of public trust was not an impeachable offense.

text: Culpable violation of the constitution[edit]

text: For purposes of impeachment, "culpable violation of the Constitution" is defined as "the deliberate and wrongful breach of the Constitution." Further, "Violation of the Constitution made unintentionally, in good faith, and mere mistakes in the proper construction of the Constitution, do not constitute an impeachable offense."

text: Treason[edit]

text: According to the Revised Penal Code, treason is defined as "Any Filipino citizen who levies war against the Philippines or adheres to her enemies, giving them aid or comfort within the Philippines or elsewhere."

text: Bribery[edit]

text: The Revised Penal Code defines bribery in two forms:

text:
Direct bribery is "committed by any public officer who shall agree to perform an act constituting a crime, in connection with the performance of this official duties, in consideration of any offer, promise, gift or present received by such officer, personally or through the mediation of another."
Indirect bribery is "committed by a public officer when he accept gifts offered to him by reason of his office."

text: Graft and corruption[edit]

text: Any violation of the Republic Act No. 3019, or the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act is an impeachable offense.

text: Other high crimes or betrayal of public trust[edit]

text: In Francisco Jr. vs. Nagmamalasakit na mga Manananggol ng mga Manggagawang Pilipino, Inc., the Supreme Court purposely refused to define the meaning of "other high crimes or betrayal of public trust," saying that it is "a non-justiciable political question which is beyond the scope of its judicial power." However, the Court refuses to name which agency can define it; the Court impliedly gives the power to the House of Representatives, which initiates all cases of impeachment.

text: Impeaching officials[edit]

text:
Any citizen with an endorsement of a member of the House of Representative may file charges.
The House Committee on Justice will decide by majority vote if the complaint has substance.
The House Committee on Justice will decide by majority vote if the complaint is sufficient in form.
The House Committee on Justice will decide by majority vote if the complaint is sufficient in grounds.
The House Committee on Justice will decide by majority vote if there is probable cause in the complaint.
The House of Representatives will vote to impeach the official. A one-third vote is needed.

If the vote passes, the complaint will become the "Articles of Impeachment" and the House will appoint prosecutors who may or may not be members of the House.
If the vote fails in any part of the procedure, the official accused can't be filed for impeachment for one calendar year.

The Senate will then try to convict the impeached official. Conviction requires a two-thirds vote.
If convicted, there are two punishments the Senate can mete out:

Censure or a reprimand, or
Removal from office and prohibition to hold any governmental office

text: In the 1935 constitution, a two-thirds vote was needed to impeach an official by the House of Representatives, while a three-fourths vote in the Senate was required to convict.

text: Limits[edit]

text: The 1987 (current) constitution limits the number of impeachment complaints that can be filed against an official to one per year. There has been controversy over what counts as an impeachment complaint. While some argued that for a complaint to count against the limit it must be voted on, and others have proposed other interpretations, the House has decided that any complaint filed fulfills the quota regardless of how well-formed it is or who filed it. Therefore, supporters of a vulnerable official can file a weak, flawed, or unconstitutional complaint, thereby using up the quota and protecting that official from impeachment for that year.

text: There has also been debate about whether a year should be a calendar year, say 2006, or a full 12-month period. An example of how this limit works in practice are the attempts to impeach President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. While the Philippine impeachment procedures parallel the United States' impeachment procedures, the two procedures differ in two significant ways: the percentage needed to impeach and the numerical limit on impeachment procedures.

text: Notes[edit]

text: If the President of the Philippines is on trial, such as in 2001, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines shall preside but not vote.


document_title: List of most followed users on Instagram

question_text: person with most number of followers in instagram

text: Top users

text: All-time

text:
Rank
Account name
Owner
Country
Followers (millions)
Profession

1.
@instagram[2]
Instagram
 USA
226
Social media platform

2.
@selenagomez[3]
Selena Gomez
126
Musician and actress

3.
@arianagrande[4]
Ariana Grande
113

4.
@cristiano[5]
Cristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
111
Footballer

5.
@beyonce[6]
Beyoncé
 USA
106
Musician

6.
@taylorswift[7]
Taylor Swift
103
Musician and Actress

7.
@kimkardashian[8]
Kim Kardashian
103
Reality TV personality

8.
@kyliejenner[9]
Kylie Jenner
97.4

9.
@therock[10]
Dwayne Johnson
93.5
Actor, professional wrestler

10.
@justinbieber[11]
Justin Bieber
 Canada
91.6
Musician

11.
@kendalljenner[12]
Kendall Jenner
 USA
83.2
Model

12.
@nickiminaj[13]
Nicki Minaj
 Trinidad and Tobago
83
Musician

13.
@neymarjr[14]
Neymar
 Brazil
81.5
Footballer

14.
@natgeo[15]
National Geographic
 USA
81.2
Magazine

15.
@leomessi[16]
Lionel Messi
 Argentina
79.9
Footballer

16.
@nike[17]
Nike
 USA
74.2
Sportswear Multinational corporation

17.
@mileycyrus[18]
Miley Cyrus
71.4
Musician and actress

18.
@khloekardashian[19]
Khloé Kardashian
69
Reality TV personality

19.
@jlo[20]
Jennifer Lopez
68.9
actress

20.
@katyperry[21]
Katy Perry
67.5
Musician

21.
@ddlovato[22]
Demi Lovato
60.9
actress

22.
@kourtneykardash[23]
Kourtney Kardashian
58.6
Reality TV personality

23.
@victoriassecret[24]
Victoria's Secret
57
Lingerie Retailer

24.
@badgalriri[25]
Rihanna
 Barbados
56.5
Musician

25.
@kevinhart4real[26]
Kevin Hart
 USA
54.5
Comedian

26.
@realmadrid[27]
Real Madrid C.F.
 Spain
52.5
Football club

27.
@fcbarcelona[28]
FC Barcelona
52.1

28.
@theellenshow[29]
The Ellen Show
 USA
47.6
Comedian

29.
@justintimberlake[30]
Justin Timberlake
45.9
Musician and actor

30.
@zendaya[31]
Zendaya
44.5
Actress

31.
@vindiesel[32]
Vin Diesel
43.5
Actor

32.
@shakira[33]
Shakira
 Colombia
42.2
Musician

33.
@9gag[34]
9GAG
 Hong Kong
41.7
Social media platform

34.
@caradelevingne[35]
Cara Delevingne
 UK
40.7
Model and actress

35.
@chrisbrownofficial[36]
Chris Brown
 USA
40.1
Musician

36.
@davidbeckham[37]
David Beckham
 UK
40
Footballer

37.
@emmawatson[38]
Emma Watson
39.7
Actress

38.
@champagnepapi[39]
Drake
 Canada
37.9
Musician

39.
@gigihadid[40]
Gigi Hadid
 USA
35.7
Model

40.
@jamesrodriguez10[41]
James Rodríguez
 Colombia
33.1
Footballer

41.
@kingjames[42]
LeBron James
 USA
32.6
Basketballer

42.
@garethbale11[43]
Gareth Bale
 UK
31.1
Footballer

43.
@zacefron[44]
Zac Efron
 USA
30.3
Actor

44.
@adele[45]
Adele
 UK
30.1
Musician

45.
@nikefootball[46]
Nike
 USA
29.9
Sportswear Multinational corporation

46.
@maluma[47]
Maluma
 Colombia
28.2
Musician

47.
@iamzlatanibrahimovic[48]
Zlatan Ibrahimović
 Sweden
27.7
Footballer

48.
@nasa[49]
NASA
 USA
27.7
Government space agency

49.
@vanessahudgens[50]
Vanessa Hudgens
 USA
26.7
Actress and musician

50.
@ronaldinho[51]
Ronaldinho
 Brazil
26.1
Footballer

As of August 17, 2017

text: By country

text:
Rank
Country
Account name
Owner
Followers (millions)
Profession

1.
 USA
@instagram[2]
Instagram
226
Social media platform

2.
 Portugal
@cristiano[5]
Cristiano Ronaldo
111
Footballer

3.
 Canada
@justinbieber[11]
Justin Bieber
91.6
Musician

4.
 Trinidad and Tobago
@nickiminaj[13]
Nicki Minaj
83

5.
 Brazil
@neymarjr[14]
Neymar
81.5
Footballer

6.
 Argentina
@leomessi[16]
Lionel Messi
79.9

7.
 Barbados
@badgalriri[25]
Rihanna
56.5
Musician

8.
 Spain
@realmadrid[27]
Real Madrid C.F.
52.5
Football club

10.
 Colombia
@shakira[33]
Shakira
42.2
Musician

9.
 Hong Kong
@9gag[34]
9GAG
41.7
Social media platform

11.
 UK
@caradelevingne[35]
Cara Delevingne
40.7
Model

12.
 Sweden
@iamzlatanibrahimovic[48]
Zlatan Ibrahimović
27.7
Footballer

13.
 Uruguay
@luissuarez9
Luis Suárez
24.4

14.
 France
@chanelofficial
Chanel
23.9
Clothing Retailer

15.
 Germany
@adidasfootball
Adidas
22.5
Sportswear Multinational corporation

16.
 Indonesia
@ayutingting92
Ayu Ting Ting
21.7
Musician

17.
 Ireland
@thenotoriousmma
Conor McGregor
20.1
Mixed Martial Artist

18.
 India
@deepikapadukone
Deepika Padukone
19.6
Actress

As of August 17, 2017