document_title: United States twenty-dollar bill

question_text: when did they start putting strips in money

text: United States twenty-dollar bill

text: Pre–Federal Reserve history[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
1861: A demand note with Lady Liberty holding a sword and shield on the front, and an abstract design on the back. The back is printed green.
1862: A note that is very similar, the first $20 United States note. The back is different, with several small variations extant.
1863: A gold certificate $20 note with an Eagle vignette on the face. The reverse has a $20 gold coin and various abstract elements. The back is orange.
1865: A national bank note with "The Battle of Lexington" and Pocahontas's marriage to John Rolfe in black, and a green border.
1869: A new United States note design, with Alexander Hamilton on the left side of the front and Victory holding a shield and sword. The back design is green.
1875: As above, except with a different reverse.
1878: A silver certificate $20 note with a portrait of Stephen Decatur on the right side of the face. The back design is black.
1882: A new gold certificate, with a portrait of James Garfield on the right of the face. The back is orange and features an eagle.
1882: A new national bank note. The front is similar, but the back is different and printed in brown.
1886: A new silver certificate $20 note, with Daniel Manning on the center of the face.
1890: A treasury (coin) note with John Marshall on the left of the face. Two different backs exist both with abstract designs.
1902: A new national bank note. The front features Hugh McCulloch, and the back has a vignette of an allegorical America.
1905: A new gold certificate $20 note, with George Washington on the center of the face. The back design is orange.

text: Federal Reserve history[edit]

text: Andrew Jackson first appeared on the $20 bill in 1928. Although 1928 coincides with the 100th anniversary of Jackson's election as president, it is not clear why the portrait on the bill was switched from Grover Cleveland to Jackson. (Cleveland's portrait was moved to the new $1000 bill the same year). According to the U.S. Treasury, "Treasury Department records do not reveal the reason that portraits of these particular statesmen were chosen in preference to those of other persons of equal importance and prominence."[4]

text: The placement of Jackson on the $20 bill may be a historical irony; as president, he vehemently opposed both the National Bank and paper money and made the goal of his administration the destruction of the National Bank.[5][6] In his farewell address to the nation, he cautioned the public about paper money.[7]

text:
1914: Began as a large-sized note, a portrait of Grover Cleveland on the face, and, on the back, a steam locomotive and an automobile approaching from the left, and a steamship approaching from the right.
1918: A federal reserve banknote with Grover Cleveland on the front, and a back design similar to the 1914 Federal Reserve Note.
1928: Switched to a small-sized note with a portrait of Andrew Jackson on the face and the south view of the White House on the reverse. The banknote is redeemable in gold or silver (at the bearer's discretion) at any Federal Reserve Bank.
1933: With the U.S. having abandoned the gold standard, the bill is no longer redeemable in gold, but rather in "lawful money", meaning silver.
1942: A special emergency series, with brown serial numbers and "HAWAII" overprinted on both the front and the back, is issued. These notes are designed to circulate on the islands and be deemed invalid in the event of a Japanese invasion.
1948: The White House picture was updated to reflect renovations to the building itself, including the addition of the Truman Balcony, as well as the passage of time. Most notably, the trees are larger.
1950: Design elements like the serial numbers are reduced in size and moved around subtly, presumably for aesthetic reasons.
1963: "Will Pay To The Bearer On Demand" is removed from the front of the bill below the portrait, and the legal tender designation is shortened to "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private" (eliminating "and is redeemable in lawful money at the United States Treasury, or at any Federal Reserve Bank.") Also, "In God We Trust" is added above the White House on the reverse. These two acts (one taking U.S. currency off the silver backing, and the other authorizing the national motto) are coincidental, even if their combined result is implemented in one redesign. Also, several design elements are rearranged, less perceptibly than the change in 1950, mostly to make room for the slightly rearranged obligations.
1969: The new treasury seal appears on all denominations, including the $20.
1977: A new type of serial-number press results in a slightly different font. The old presses are gradually retired, and old-style serial numbers appear as late as 1981 for this denomination.
1992: Anti-counterfeiting features are added: microprinting around the portrait, and a plastic strip embedded in the paper. Even though the bills read Series 1990, the first bills were printed in April 1992.[8]
September 24, 1998: Received a completely new appearance to further deter counterfeiting; the picture of the White House was changed to the north side view. A larger, off-center portrait of Jackson was used on the front, and several anti-counterfeiting features were added, including color-shifting ink, microprinting, and a watermark. The plastic strip now reads "USA 20" and glows green under a black light.[9] The bills were first printed in June 1998.[10]
October 9, 2003:[11] The current series of 20 dollar bills is released with light background shading in green and yellow, and no oval around Andrew Jackson's portrait (background images of eagles, etc. were also added to the front); the back is the same view of the White House, but without the oval around it. Ninety faint "20"s are scattered on the back in yellow as a "EURion constellation" to prevent photocopying. The first issue's series date is 2004 with Marin-Snow signatures. The bills were first printed in April 2003.[12]

text: Proposal for a woman's portrait[edit]

text: In a campaign called "Women on 20s", selected voters were asked to choose three of 15 female candidates to have a portrait on the $20 bill. The goal was to have a woman on the $20 bill by 2020, the centennial of the 19th Amendment which gave women the right to vote.[13] Among the candidates on the petition were Harriet Tubman, Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, and Wilma Mankiller, the first female chief of the Cherokee Nation.[14]

text: On May 12, 2015, Tubman was announced as the winning candidate of that "grassroots" poll with more than 600,000 people surveyed and more than 118,000 choosing Tubman, followed by Roosevelt, Parks and Mankiller.[15]

text: On June 17, 2015, then-Treasury Secretary Jack Lew announced that a woman's portrait would be featured on a redesigned $10 bill by 2020, replacing Alexander Hamilton.[16] However, that decision was reversed, at least in part due to Hamilton's surging popularity following the hit Broadway musical Hamilton.[17]

text: On April 20, 2016, Lew officially announced that Alexander Hamilton would remain on the $10 bill, while Andrew Jackson would be replaced by Tubman on the front of the $20 bill, with Jackson appearing on the reverse.[18][19] Lew simultaneously announced that the five- and ten-dollar bills would also be redesigned in the coming years and put into production in the next decade.[18][19]

text: On August 31, 2017, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said that he would not commit to putting Tubman on the twenty-dollar bill, explaining "People have been on the bills for a long period of time. This is something we’ll consider; right now we have a lot more important issues to focus on."[20]


document_title: List of brightest stars

question_text: what is the brightest star seen from earth

root

text: List of brightest stars

text: Measurement[edit]

text: Apparent visual magnitudes of the brightest star can also be compared to non-stellar objects in our Solar System. Here the maximum visible magnitudes above the brightest star, Sirius (−1.46), are as follows. Excluding the Sun, the brightest objects are the Moon (−12.7), Venus (−4.89), Jupiter (−2.94), Mars (−2.91), Mercury (−2.45), and Saturn (−0.49).

tag: p

text: Any exact order of the visual brightness of stars is not perfectly defined for four reasons:

text:
Stellar brightness is traditionally based on the apparent visual magnitude as perceived by the human eye, from the brightest stars of 1st magnitude to the faintest at 6th magnitude. Since the optical telescope's invention, and the known existence of double or binary stars, has meant that stellar brightness could be expressed as either individual (separate) or total (combined) magnitude. The table is ordered by combined magnitude of all naked eye components appearing as if it they were single stars. Such stars are included in parentheses, where any individual component magnitudes are bright enough to make a detectable contribution. e.g. the double star Alpha Centauri has the total or combined magnitude of −0.27, while its two component stars have magnitudes of +0.01 and +1.33.[2]
New or more accurate photometry, standard filters, or adopting differing methods using standard stars can measure stellar magnitudes slightly differently. This may change the apparent order of lists of bright stars. The table shows measured V magnitudes, which use a specific filter that closely approximates human vision. However, other kinds of magnitude systems do exist based on different wavelengths, some well away from the distribution of the visible wavelengths of light, and these apparent magnitudes vary dramatically in the different systems.[3] For example, Betelgeuse has the K-band (infra-red) apparent magnitude of −4.05.[4]
Some stars, like Betelgeuse and Antares, are variable stars, changing their magnitude over days, months or years. In the table, the range of variation is indicated with var. Single magnitude values quoted for variable stars come from a variety of sources. Magnitudes are expressed within the table are when the stars are either at maximum brightness, which is repeated for every cycle, e.g., the eclipsing binary Algol; or, if the variations are small, as a simple average magnitude. For all red variable stars, describing a single maximum brightness is often difficult because each cycle produces a different maximum brightness, which is thought to be caused by poorly understood pulsations in stellar evolution processes. Such quoted stellar brightness is sometimes based on the average maximum apparent magnitude [5] from estimated maximums over many observed light-curve cycles, sometimes spanning across centuries. Results often quoted in the literature are not necessarily straightforward and may differ in expressing an alternate value for a singular maximum brightness or as a range of values.
A select number of stars, thought to be uniformly fixed in brightness, are used as standard stars. These standard stars have carefully determined magnitudes that have been analysed over many years, and are often used to determine other star's magnitudes or their stellar parameters using comparatively consistent scales.[6]

tag: ul

text: Main table[edit]

text: The source of magnitudes cited in this list is the linked Wikipedia articles—this basic list is a catalog of what Wikipedia itself documents. References can be found in the individual articles.

text:
V Mag.
(mV)
Proper name
Bayer designation
Distance (ly)
Spectral class

0.0002998732600000000000♠−26.74
Sun

0.000015813
G2 V

0.0012999853999999999999♠−1.46
Sirius
α CMa
0008.6
A0mA1 Va, DA2

0.0033000260000000000000♠−0.74
Canopus
α Car
0310
A9 II

0.0043000730000000000000♠−0.27 (0.01 + 1.33)
Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus)
α Cen
0004.4
G2 V, K1 V

0.0053001500000000000000♠−0.05
Arcturus
α Boo
0037
K0 III

6998300000000000000♠0.03 (−0.02 - 0.07var)
Vega
α Lyr
0025
A0 Va

6998800000000000000♠0.08 (0.03 - 0.16var)
Capella
α Aur
0042
K0 III, G1 III

6999130000000000000♠0.13 (0.05 - 0.18var)
Rigel
β Ori
0860
B8 Ia

6999340000000000000♠0.34
Procyon
α CMi
0011
F5 IV-V

6999460000000000000♠0.46 (0.40 - 0.46var)
Achernar
α Eri
0140
B6 Vep

6999500000000000000♠ 0.50 (0.2 - 1.2var)
Betelgeuse
α Ori
0640[7]
M1-M2 Ia-ab

6999610000000000000♠0.61
Hadar
β Cen
0350
B1 III

6999760000000000000♠0.76
Altair
α Aql
0017
A7 V

6999760000000000000♠0.76 (1.33 + 1.73)
Acrux
α Cru
0320
B0.5 IV, B1 V

6999860000000000000♠0.86 (0.75 - 0.95var)
Aldebaran
α Tau
0065
K5 III

6999960000000000000♠0.96 (0.6 - 1.6var)
Antares
α Sco
0600
M1.5 Iab-Ib, B2.5 V

6999970000000000000♠0.97 (0.97 - 1.04var)
Spica
α Vir
0260
B1 III-IV, B2 V

7000113990000099999♠1.14
Pollux
β Gem
0034
K0 III

7000116000000099999♠1.16
Fomalhaut
α PsA
0025
A3 V

7000125000000000000♠1.25 (1.21 - 1.29var)
Deneb
α Cyg
2,600
A2 Ia

7000125000000000000♠1.25 (1.23 - 1.31var)
Mimosa
β Cru
0350
B0.5 III, B2 V

7000138990000099999♠1.39
Regulus
α Leo
0077
B8 IVn

7000150000000000000♠1.50
Adhara
ε CMa
0430
B2 II

7000162000000000000♠1.62
Shaula
λ Sco
0700
B2 IV

7000162000000000000♠1.62 (1.98 + 2.97)
Castor
α Gem
0052
A1 V, Am

7000164000000000000♠1.64
Gacrux
γ Cru
0088
M3.5 III

7000164000000000000♠1.64
Bellatrix
γ Ori
0240
B2 III

7000165000000000000♠1.65
Elnath
β Tau
0130
B7 III

7000169000000000000♠1.69
Miaplacidus
β Car
0110
A1 III

7000169000000000000♠1.69 (1.64 - 1.74var)
Alnilam
ε Ori
2,000
B0 Ia

7000172000000000000♠1.72 (1.81 - 1.87var + 4.27)
Regor[8]
γ1,2 Vel
0840
WC8, O7.5III

7000174000000000000♠1.74
Alnair
α Gru
0100
B6 V

7000177000000000000♠1.77
Alioth
ε UMa
0081
A1 III-IVp kB9

7000177000000000000♠1.77
Alnitak
ζ Ori A
0820
O9.5 Iab, B1 IV, B0 III

7000179000000000000♠1.79
Dubhe
α UMa
0120
K0 III, F0 V

7000180000000000000♠1.80
Mirfak
α Per
0590
F5 Ib

7000182000000000000♠1.82
Wezen
δ CMa
1,800
F8 Ia

7000184000000000000♠1.84
Sargas
θ Sco
0270
F0 II

7000185000000000000♠1.85
Kaus Australis
ε Sgr
0140
B9.5 III

7000186000000000000♠1.86
Avior
ε Car
0630
K3 III, B2 Vp

7000186000000000000♠1.86
Alkaid
η UMa
0100
B3 V

7000190000000000000♠1.90 (1.89 - 1.94var)
Menkalinan
β Aur
0100
A1mIV+A1mIV

7000191000000000000♠1.91
Atria
α TrA
0420
K2 IIb-IIIa

7000192000000000000♠1.92
Alhena
γ Gem
0100
A1.5 IV+

7000194000000000000♠1.94
Peacock
α Pav
0180
B3 V

7000196000000000000♠1.96 (1.99 - 2.39var + 5.57)
Alsephina[9]
δ Vel
0080
A1 Va(n), F7.5 V

7000198000000000000♠1.98
Mirzam
β CMa
0500
B1 II-III

7000200000000000000♠2.00
Alphard
α Hya
0180
K3 II-III

7000198000000000000♠1.98 (1.86 - 2.13var)
Polaris
α UMi
0430
F7 Ib

7000200000000000000♠2.00
Hamal
α Ari
0066
K1 IIIb

7000200999999999999♠2.08 (2.37 + 3.64)
Algieba
γ1 Leo
0130
K0 III, G7 IIIb

7000202000000000000♠2.02
Diphda
β Cet
0096
K0 III

7000204000000000000♠2.04
Mizar
ζ UMa
0078
A2 Vp, A2 Vp, Am

7000205009999999999♠2.05
Nunki
σ Sgr
0220
B2.5 V

7000206000000000000♠2.06
Menkent
θ Cen
0061
K0 III

7000205009999999999♠2.05 (2.01 - 2.10var)
Mirach
β And
0200
M0 III

7000206000000000000♠2.06
Alpheratz
α And
0097
B8 IVpMnHg, A3 V

7000207009999999999♠2.07
Rasalhague
α Oph
0047
A5 III

7000208000000000000♠2.08
Kochab
β UMi
0130
K4 III

7000209009999900000♠2.09
Saiph
κ Ori
0720
B0.5 Ia

7000211009999900000♠2.11
Denebola
β Leo
0036
A3 Va

7000212000000000000♠2.12 (2.1 - 3.39var)
Algol
β Per
0093
B8 V, K0 IV, A7m

7000215000000000000♠2.15 (2.0 - 2.3var)
Tiaki[9]
β Gru
0170
M5 III

7000217000000000000♠2.17
–
γ Cen
0130
A0 III, A0 III

7000221000000000000♠2.21
Aspidiske
ι Car
0690
A9 Ib

7000221000000000000♠2.21 (2.14 - 2.30var)
Suhail
λ Vel
0570
K4 Ib

7000223000000000000♠2.23 (2.21 - 2.32var)
Alphecca
α CrB
0075
A0 V, G5 V

7000223000000000000♠2.23 (2.23 - 2.35var)
Mintaka
δ Ori
0900
O9 II, B1 V, B0 IV

7000223000000000000♠2.23
Sadr
γ Cyg
1,500
F8 Iab

7000223000000000000♠2.23
Eltanin
γ Dra
0150
K5 III

7000224000000000000♠2.24
Schedar
α Cas
0230
K0 IIIa

7000225000000000000♠2.25
Naos
ζ Pup
1,100
O4 If(n)p

7000225990000099999♠2.26
Almach
γ And
0350
K3 IIb, B9.5 V, B9.5 V, A0 V

7000227990000099999♠2.28 (2.25 - 2.31var)
Caph
β Cas
0054
F2 III

7000229000000000000♠2.29
Izar
ε Boo
0202
K0 II-III, A2 V

7000230000000099999♠2.30 (2.29 - 2.34var)
–
α Lup
0550
B1.5 III

7000230000000099999♠2.30 (2.29 - 2.31var)
–
ε Cen
0380
B1III

7000231000000000000♠2.31 (1.6 - 2.32var)
Dschubba
δ Sco
0400
B0.3 IV, B1-3 V

7000231000000000000♠2.31
Larawag[9]
ε Sco
0065
K1 III

7000235000000000000♠2.35 (2.30 - 2.41var)
–
η Cen
0310
B1.5 Vne

7000237000000000000♠2.37
Merak
β UMa
0079
A1 IVps

7000238000000000000♠2.38
Ankaa
α Phe
0077
K0.5 IIIb

7000239000000000000♠2.39
–
κ Sco
0460
B1.5 III

7000240000000000000♠2.40 (0.7 - 3.0var)
Enif
ε Peg
0670
K2 Ib

7000242000000000000♠2.42 (2.31 - 2.74var)
Scheat
β Peg
0200
M2.5 II-IIIe

7000243000000000000♠2.43
Sabik
η Oph
0088
A1 IV, A1 IV

7000244000000000000♠2.44
Phecda
γ UMa
0084
A0 Ve

7000245000000000000♠2.45
Aludra
η CMa
2,000[10]
B5 Ia

7000246000000000000♠2.46
Markeb[9]
κ Vel
0540
B2 IV

7000247000000000000♠2.47 (1.6 - 3.0var)
–
γ Cas
0610
B0.5 IVe

7000248000000000000♠2.48
Markab
α Peg
0140
A0 IV

7000248000000000000♠2.48
Aljanah[9]
ε Cyg
0072
K0 III-IV

7000250000000000000♠2.50
Acrab
β Sco
0404
B0.5 IV-V, B1.5 V, B2 V

tag: table


document_title: Permanent Roommates

question_text: how many episodes are there in permanent roommates season 2

text: Permanent Roommates

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Permanent Roommates follows the story of commitment-wary Tanya, and Mikesh, her overeager long-distance boyfriend who returns to India from the United States of America to surprise Tanya and to ask her to marry him. Acting upon the advice of her roommate and her own reluctance to get married to someone who barely knows her, Tanya refuses, but gives in to Mikesh's persistence. The two eventually strike a compromise, opting to move in together first. The subsequent events- a fallout, followed by a conciliation, and Tanya's premarital pregnancy end in the two of them planning their wedding, with unforeseen consequences.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main Cast[edit]

text:
Sumeet Vyas as Mikesh Chaudhary
Nidhi Singh as Tanya Nagpal
Deepak Kumar Mishra as Purushottam
Shishir Sharma as Brijmohan Nagpal, father of Tanya.
Asrani as Subhash Chaudhary, paternal grandfather of Mikesh.
Sheeba Chaddha as Lata Chaudhary, mother of Mikesh.
Darshan Jariwala as Mohanlal Chaudhary, father of Mikesh.
Ayesha Raza Mishra as Ila, sister of Tanya's mother.
Manu Rishi as twin Dr. Mudhit, brother of Mikesh's mother.
Anandeshwar Dwivedi as Laxman/LLeo

text: Guests[edit]

text: Introduced in Season 1[edit]

text:
Jitendra Kumar as Pathik, childhood friend of Mikesh.
Akanksha Thakur as Rashmi, fiancé of Pathik.
Sameer Saxena as Bansal, Landlord of Ritu and Tanya's house.
Nidhi Bisht as Ritu

text: Introduced in Season 2[edit]

text:
Divyendu Sharma as Agnivesh Chhabra
Ratnabali Bhattacharjee as Seema Khatri
Maanvi Gagroo as Shivani Chhabra
Pradhuman Singh as Hemant
Rasika Dugal as Avantika
Anant Singh as Bulla

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
Episode
Title
Directed by
Written by
Date of Broadcast

1
1
"The Proposal"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
October 29, 2014 (2014-10-29) [2]

Mikesh returns to India from United States of America and puts across a marriage proposal towards Tanya, with whom he's had a long distance relationship for the last three years, but Tanya is still in two minds about accepting or rejecting his proposal.

2
2
"The Father-in-Law"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
November 5, 2014 (2014-11-05) [4]

Mikesh wants to get married to Tanya, but Tanya believes he is rushing things. So both of them try to reach a conclusion by having a discussion with Brijmohan, Tanya's father.

3
3
"The Bachelor Pad"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
November 19, 2014 (2014-11-19) [5]

Ritu and Tanya's landlord doesn't approve of boys visiting and staying in their flat, so Laxman takes Mikesh to a new place to live, a house which is already being shared by eight men.

4
4
"The Bridegroom"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
November 26, 2014 (2014-11-26) [6]

While house-hunting Mikesh and Tanya come across Pathik who turns out to be Mikesh's childhood friend. Pathik is getting married to his girlfriend Rashmi but both of them are developing cold feet as the marriage approaches. Mikesh and Tanya try to resolve the conflict between Pathik and Rashmi but end up creating a conflict in their mind about the future of their own relationship.

5
5
"The Agreement"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
December 12, 2014 (2014-12-12) [7]

Tanya comes to the conclusion that since Mikesh and herself are never on the same page, it's better to move away from each other than leading a life filled with arguments and suffering.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
Episode
Title
Directed by
Written by
Date of Broadcast

6
1
"The Parents"
Deepak Kumar Mishra & Biswapati Sarkar
Biswapati Sarkar
February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14) [3]

Tanya is apprehensive about meeting the parents of Mikesh, but before that happens Tanya receives a surprising news that ends up adding to her anxiousness.

7
2
"The Man"
Deepak Kumar Mishra & Biswapati Sarkar
Biswapati Sarkar
February 28, 2016 (2016-02-28) [8]

Mikesh's parents want Tanya and Mikesh to get married as early as possible but Mikesh refuses to do so. What follows is a night of confusion and confessions where more secrets come out.

8
3
"The Event - Part 1"
Deepak Kumar Mishra & Biswapati Sarkar
Biswapati Sarkar & Nidhi Bisht
March 13, 2016 (2016-03-13) [9]

After returning from a business trip Tanya comes to know that Mikesh is planning an extremely expensive wedding for the two of them. Tanya refuses to get married in such a lavish manner but finds herself dumbstruck when she comes across Seema Khatri, the event manager of the wedding ceremony.

9
4
"The Event - Part 2"
Deepak Kumar Mishra & Biswapati Sarkar
Biswapati Sarkar & Nidhi Bisht
March 25, 2016 (2016-03-25) [10]

While Tanya and Mikesh attempt to stop the marriage that has turned into a huge event, their parents end up creating a new problem for them to deal with.

10
5
"The Dinner"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
April 8, 2016 (2016-04-08) [11]

Dr. Mudhit invites Tanya and Mikesh along with two other couples to his house for dinner and puts across a puzzle for them to solve.

11
6
"The Memories"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22) [12]

While returning home from the hospital Tanya and Mikesh end up losing their bag which contained the first ultrasound image of their unborn child. Tanya, Mikesh and their driver Purshottam narrate the entire incident from their own point of view to Dr. Mudhit, so as to solve the mystery of the missing bag.

12
7
"The Gift"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
June 7, 2016 (2016-06-07) [13]

When the entire family is busy preparing for the wedding, Mikesh and Tanya get a first hand experience of parenting as Purshottam leaves his younger brothers, who are twins, at their house for a few hours.

13
8
"The Attempt"
Sameer Saxena
Biswapati Sarkar
June 24, 2016 (2016-06-24) [14]

In order to come out of the sad phase that has engulfed their life, Mikesh and Tanya decide to revisit their happy memories and search for answers about their future.

text: Response[edit]

text: TVF Permanent Roommates has been well received by the internet audience. The first episode has more than 4.5 million views.[2] The series, hosted on TVF's official YouTube channel, has since gathered over 1 million views for each episode.[citation needed]


document_title: Longest word in English

question_text: what is the longest english word in which no letter is repeated

text: Longest word in English

text: Major dictionaries

text: The longest word in any of the major English language dictionaries is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, a word that refers to a lung disease contracted from the inhalation of very fine silica particles,[8] specifically from a volcano; medically, it is the same as silicosis. The word was deliberately coined to be the longest word in English, and has since been used in a close approximation of its originally intended meaning, lending at least some degree of validity to its claim.[4]

text: The Oxford English Dictionary contains pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (30 letters).

text: Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary does not contain antidisestablishmentarianism (28 letters), as the editors found no widespread, sustained usage of the word in its original meaning. The longest word in that dictionary is electroencephalographically (27 letters).[9]

text: The longest non-technical word in major dictionaries is floccinaucinihilipilification at 29 letters. Consisting of a series of Latin words meaning "nothing" and defined as "the act of estimating something as worthless"; its usage has been recorded as far back as 1741.[10][11][12]

text: Ross Eckler has noted that most of the longest English words are not likely to occur in general text, meaning non-technical present-day text seen by casual readers, in which the author did not specifically intend to use an unusually long word. According to Eckler, the longest words likely to be encountered in general text are deinstitutionalization and counterrevolutionaries, with 22 letters each.[13]

text: A computer study of over a million samples of normal English prose found that the longest word one is likely to encounter on an everyday basis is uncharacteristically, at 20 letters.[14]

text: The word internationalization is abbreviated "i18n", the embedded number representing the number of letters between the first and the last.[15][16][17]

text: Creations of long words

text: Coinages

text: In his play Assemblywomen (Ecclesiazousae), the ancient Greek comedic playwright Aristophanes created a word of 171 letters (183 in the transliteration below), which describes a dish by stringing together its ingredients:

text: Henry Carey's farce Chrononhotonthologos (1743) holds the opening line: "Aldiborontiphoscophornio! Where left you Chrononhotonthologos?"

text: Thomas Love Peacock put these creations into the mouth of the phrenologist Mr. Cranium in his 1816 romp Headlong Hall: osteosarchaematosplanchnochondroneuromuelous (44 characters) and osseocarnisanguineoviscericartilaginonervomedullary (51 characters).

text: James Joyce made up nine 100-letter words plus one 101-letter word in his novel Finnegans Wake, the most famous of which is Bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk. Appearing on the first page, it allegedly represents the symbolic thunderclap associated with the fall of Adam and Eve. As it appears nowhere else except in reference to this passage, it is generally not accepted as a real word. Sylvia Plath made mention of it in her semi-autobiographical novel The Bell Jar, when the protagonist was reading Finnegans Wake.

text: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious", the 34-letter title of a song from the movie Mary Poppins, does appear in several dictionaries, but only as a proper noun defined in reference to the song title. The attributed meaning is "a word that you say when you don't know what to say." The idea and invention of the word is credited to songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman.

text: Agglutinative constructions

text: The English language permits the legitimate extension of existing words to serve new purposes by the addition of prefixes and suffixes. This is sometimes referred to as agglutinative construction. This process can create arbitrarily long words: for example, the prefixes pseudo (false, spurious) and anti (against, opposed to) can be added as many times as desired. A word like anti-aircraft (pertaining to the defense against aircraft) is easily extended to anti-anti-aircraft (pertaining to counteracting the defense against aircraft, a legitimate concept) and can from there be prefixed with an endless stream of "anti-"s, each time creating a new level of counteraction. More familiarly, the addition of numerous "great"s to a relative, e.g. great-great-great-grandfather, can produce words of arbitrary length. In musical notation, a 8192nd note may be called a semihemidemisemihemidemisemihemidemisemiquaver.

text: Antidisestablishmentarianism is the longest common example of a word formed by agglutinative construction.

text: Technical terms

text: A number of scientific naming schemes can be used to generate arbitrarily long words.

text: The IUPAC nomenclature for organic chemical compounds is open-ended, giving rise to the 189,819-letter chemical name Methionylthreonylthreonyl...isoleucine for the protein also known as titin, which is involved in striated muscle formation. In nature, DNA molecules can be much bigger than protein molecules and therefore potentially be referred to with much longer chemical names. For example, the wheat chromosome 3B contains almost 1 billion base pairs,[18] so the sequence of one of its strands, if written out in full like Adenilyladenilylguanilylcystidylthymidyl..., would be about 8 billion letters long. The longest published word, Acetylseryltyrosylseryliso...serine, referring to the coat protein of a certain strain of tobacco mosaic virus, was 1,185-letters long, and appeared in the American Chemical Society's Chemical Abstracts Service in 1964 and 1966.[19] In 1965, the Chemical Abstracts Service overhauled its naming system and started discouraging excessively long names.

text:
John Horton Conway and Landon Curt Noll developed an open-ended system for naming powers of 10, in which one sexmilliaquingentsexagintillion, coming from the Latin name for 6560, is the name for 103(6560+1) = 1019683. Under the long number scale, it would be 106(6560) = 1039360. Jonathan Bowers has developed a system for even larger numbers (enneenneconteennahecteika-enneenneconteennahectenedaka-enneenneconteennahecteyodaka-enneenneconteennahectezedaka-enneenneconteennahecteexdaka-enneenneconteennahectepedaka-enneennecontehectetedaka-enneenneconteennahectetradaka-enneenneconteennahectedoka-enneenneconteennahectehendaka-enneenneconteennahectedaka-enneenneconteennahectexenna-enneenneconteennahecteyotta-enneenneconteennahectezetta-enneenneconteennahecteexa-enneenneconteennahectepeta-enneenneconteennahectetera-enneenneconteennahectegiga-enneenneconteennahectemega-enneenneconteennahectekilla-enneenneconteennahectillion for

10

3
∗

10

3
∗

10

63

−
3

+
3

{\displaystyle 10^{3*10^{3*10^{63}-3}+3}}

).[20]

text: Gammaracanthuskytodermogammarus loricatobaicalensis is sometimes cited as the longest binomial name—it is a kind of amphipod. However, this name, proposed by B. Dybowski, was invalidated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in 1929 after being petitioned by Mary J. Rathbun to take up the case.[21]

text: Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides is the longest accepted binomial name. It is a species of soldier fly.[22]

text: Aequeosalinocalcalinoceraceoaluminosocupreovitriolic, at 52 letters, describing the spa waters at Bath, England, is attributed to Dr. Edward Strother (1675–1737).[23] The word is composed of the following elements:

text:
Aequeo: equal (Latin, aequo[24])
Salino: containing salt (Latin, salinus)
Calcalino: calcium (Latin, calx)
Ceraceo: waxy (Latin, cera)
Aluminoso: alumina (Latin)
Cupreo: from "copper"
Vitriolic: resembling vitriol

text: Notable long words

text: Place names

text: The longest officially recognized place name in an English-speaking country is Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu (57 letters), which is a hill in New Zealand. The name is in the Māori language. A longer and widely recognised version of the name is Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu (85 letters), which appears on the signpost at the location (see the photo on this page). In Māori, the digraphs ng and wh are each treated as single letters.

text: In Canada, the longest place name is Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Guilford, Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre and Clyde, a township in Ontario, at 61 letters or 68 non-space characters.[25]

text: The longest non-contrived place name in the United Kingdom which is a single non-hyphenated word is Cottonshopeburnfoot (19 letters) and the longest which is hyphenated is Sutton-under-Whitestonecliffe (29 characters).

text: The longest place name in the United States (45 letters) is Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg, a lake in Webster, Massachusetts. It means "Fishing Place at the Boundaries – Neutral Meeting Grounds" and is sometimes facetiously translated as "you fish your side of the water, I fish my side of the water, nobody fishes the middle". The lake is also known as Webster Lake.[26] The longest hyphenated names in the U.S. are Winchester-on-the-Severn, a town in Maryland, and Washington-on-the-Brazos, a notable place in Texas history.

text: The longest official geographical name in Australia is Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya.[27] It has 26 letters and is a Pitjantjatjara word meaning "where the Devil urinates".[28]

text: In Ireland, the longest English placename at 19 letters is Newtownmountkennedy in County Wicklow.

text: Personal names

text: Guinness World Records formerly contained a category for longest personal name used.

text:
From about 1975 to 1985, the recordholder was Adolph Blaine Charles David Earl Frederick Gerald Hubert Irvin John Kenneth Lloyd Martin Nero Oliver Paul Quincy Randolph Sherman Thomas Uncas Victor William Xerxes Yancy Zeus Wolfeschlegelsteinhausenbergerdorffvoralternwarengewissenhaftschaferswessenschafewarenwohlgepflegeundsorgfaltigkeitbeschutzenvonangreifendurchihrraubgierigfeindewelchevoralternzwolftausendjahresvorandieerscheinenwanderersteerdemenschderraumschiffgebrauchlichtalsseinursprungvonkraftgestartseinlangefahrthinzwischensternartigraumaufdersuchenachdiesternwelchegehabtbewohnbarplanetenkreisedrehensichundwohinderneurassevonverstandigmenschlichkeitkonntefortplanzenundsicherfreuenanlebenslanglichfreudeundruhemitnichteinfurchtvorangreifenvonandererintelligentgeschopfsvonhinzwischensternartigraum, Senior (746 letters), also known as Wolfe+585, Senior.
After 1985 Guinness briefly awarded the record to a newborn girl with a longer name. The category was removed shortly afterward.

text: Long birth names are often coined in protest of naming laws or for other personal reasons.

text: The naming law in Sweden was challenged by parents Lasse Diding and Elisabeth Hallin, who proposed the given name "Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116" for their child (pronounced [ˈalbɪn], 43 characters), which was rejected by a district court in Halmstad, southern Sweden.

text: Words with certain characteristics of notable length

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Schmaltzed and strengthed (10 letters) appear to be the longest monosyllabic words recorded in The Oxford English Dictionary, while scraunched and scroonched appear to be the longest monosyllabic words recorded in Webster's Third New International Dictionary; but squirrelled (11 letters) is the longest if pronounced as one syllable only (as permitted in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary at squirrel, and in Longman Pronunciation Dictionary). Schtroumpfed (12 letters) was coined by Umberto Eco, while broughammed (11 letters) was coined by William Harmon after broughamed (10 letters) was coined by George Bernard Shaw.
Strengths is the longest word in the English language containing only one vowel.
Euouae, a medieval musical term, is the longest English word consisting only of vowels, and the word with the most consecutive vowels. However, the "word" itself is simply a mnemonic consisting of the vowels to be sung in the phrase "seculorum Amen" at the end of the lesser doxology. (Although u was often used interchangeably with v, and the variant "Evovae" is occasionally used, the v in these cases would still be a vowel.)
The longest words with no repeated letters are dermatoglyphics, misconjugatedly and uncopyrightables.[29]
The longest word whose letters are in alphabetical order is the eight-letter Aegilops, a grass genus. However, this is arguably both Latin and a proper noun. There are several six-letter English words with their letters in alphabetical order, including abhors, almost, begins, biopsy, chimps and chintz.[30]
The longest words recorded in OED with each vowel only once, and in order, are abstemiously, affectiously, and tragediously (OED). Fracedinously and gravedinously (constructed from adjectives in OED) have thirteen letters; Gadspreciously, constructed from Gadsprecious (in OED), has fourteen letters. Facetiously is among the few other words directly attested in OED with single occurrences of all five vowels and the semivowel y.
The longest single palindromic word in English is rotavator, another name for a rotary tiller for breaking and aerating soil.

text: Typed words

text:
The longest words typable with only the left hand using conventional hand placement on a QWERTY keyboard are tesseradecades, aftercataracts,[31] and the more common but sometimes hyphenated sweaterdresses.[30] Using the right hand alone, the longest word that can be typed is johnny-jump-up, or, excluding hyphens, monimolimnion[32] and phyllophyllin.
The longest English word typable using only the top row of letters has 11 letters: rupturewort. Similar words with 10 letters include: pepperwort, perpetuity, proprietor, requietory, repertoire, tripertite, pourriture and (fittingly) typewriter. The word teetertotter (used in North American English) is longer at 12 letters, although it is usually spelled with a hyphen.
The longest using only the middle row is shakalshas (10 letters). Nine-letter words include flagfalls, galahads and alfalfas.
Since the bottom row contains no vowels, no standard words can be formed. Exceptions might include Zzz, seen in some dictionaries to denote sleep, or m', the clitic form of my.[33]
The longest words typable by alternating left and right hands are antiskepticism and leucocytozoans respectively.[30]
On a Dvorak keyboard, the longest "left-handed" words are epopoeia, jipijapa, peekapoo, and quiaquia.[34] Other such long words are papaya, Kikuyu, opaque, and upkeep.[35] Kikuyu is typed entirely with the index finger, and so the longest one-fingered word on the Dvorak keyboard. There are no vowels on the right-hand side, and so the longest "right-handed" word is crwth.


document_title: Bert (Sesame Street)

question_text: what does bert look like from sesame street

text: Bert (Sesame Street)

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Bert, though kind and intelligent, is also grumpy, boring, serious, and easily frustrated. His catchphrase is "Yes, I do mind." He enjoys activities such as paper clip and bottle cap collecting, cooking oatmeal and watching pigeons. Producer Arlene Sherman has called Bert "everyone's idea of a blind date". In one sketch, Bert reads a book called Boring Stories and chuckles, "Wow! These boring stories are really exciting!" In the book Sesame Street Unpaved, Frank Oz says, "I was never really happy with Bert's character until about a year in, when I realized... that he was a very boring character, and I'd use that weakness as a strength for him."

text: Bert has very boring foods as his favorites. He loves oatmeal, unflavored soda water, and other bland related foods. In one episode when Ernie is hired to sub for Mr. Hooper, he gives Bert a glass of unflavored soda water but adds strawberry flavored syrup, ice cream and whipped cream to it, angering Bert who eventually screams a memorable phrase: "I hate ice cream sodas!" Bert's appearance and clothing contrast markedly with Ernie; he is the taller and thinner of the two, wears a turtleneck under a shirt with vertical stripes (as opposed to Ernie's horizontal ones), and has a head that is narrower than it is high. In addition, Bert has visible eyebrows (actually a unibrow), while Ernie does not.

text: Bert has a pet pigeon named Bernice,[2] and he created a dance called "Doin' the Pigeon". In one sketch, Bert gets dressed and says he is going to a pigeon lovers party, which is obviously hosted by himself. Bert serves as President of the National Association of W Lovers, a club dedicated to the letter W. Two conventions held by the W Lovers have been shown on the show. Bert has pet goldfish, two of whom are named Lyle and Talbot.

text: Bert's favorite number is 6, and he has a song he wrote himself about the number 6 "My Favorite Number Is 6", which he sings to Ernie in one episode. His favorite instrument is the tuba. All of these interests are opposed to Ernie's whose favorite number is 8,243,721, and Ernie's favorite instrument is the saxophone, which he is unable to play because he cannot "put down the Duckie".

text: In Christmas Eve on Sesame Street, Bert decides to get Ernie a soap dish for Rubber Duckie so it will not fall in the tub anymore and sink, but has no money. In a scenario reminiscent of the O. Henry story "The Gift of the Magi" where two close friends each trade away the very item that the other's gift was intended to supplement, Bert offers Mr. Hooper his paper clip collection as a swap; Mr. Hooper accepts Bert's offer, but Bert sadly walks off afterward. Then Ernie decides to trade Rubber Duckie for a cigar box for Bert's paper clips. Mr. Hooper, however, can see by their sorrowful expressions that they do not want to give up their prized possessions, so he gives the items back to them as gifts and lets them keep the cigar box and soap dish.

text: A typical "Bert and Ernie" skit has Ernie coming up with a harebrained idea and Bert attempting to talk him out of it, ending with Bert completely losing his temper and Ernie remaining oblivious to his own bad idea. Other sketches have involved Bert and Ernie sharing a snack by division but finding that one of them has a bit more than the other leading Ernie to stupidly decide to make it even by eating the extra piece.

text: Others involved Bert wanting to pursue a boring or unreasonable hobby but Ernie asks him to play a simple game with him (such as "The Rhyming Game") but when Bert refuses Ernie makes puns or loopholes to get him into the game and finally when Bert begins to enjoy himself Ernie wants to do something else and asks him and Bert to desert the game much to Bert's dismay.

text: Others involved Bert preparing a snack for himself and goes somewhere before coming back to find that Ernie has eaten it up. Despite Ernie's attempts to cover up the crime, Bert knows Ernie is lying. For example, in one sketch Bert wants to have his chocolate ice cream but when he finds that Ernie has eaten it, he charges, but then Ernie tries his best to cover up his crime by making a disgusting dish: Mashed Bananas with Ice Cubes and Cold Beef Gravy. At the same time Bert is shouting at him that he knows better. Ernie only gets away with his crime because Oscar the Grouch their good friend comes in their apartment and offers them chocolate ice cream cones in exchange for the disgusting dish.

text: Bert's age is unclear, but a Sesame Street Live performer, Taylor Morgan, has said that "I just kind of try to think like a 6–year–old or a 7–year–old, because that's how old Bert is."[3] This however cannot be the case, as Bert has a twin brother named Bart who is a traveling salesman. This would seem to confirm that Ernie and Bert are adults.

text: Bert has a twin brother, Bart; a nephew, Brad; and an Aunt Matilda. Brad has a voice like Beaker, but slightly deeper, and while he still made baby-like noises, he was able to talk. It is most likely that Brad is Bart's son since Bart is the only sibling seen for Bert. In one episode, Bert babysits Brad and wants to give Brad a bath, but Ernie says he must give Brad toys to play with. In that episode, Ernie brought a toy shark with him in one skit; Brad was scared by it, not realizing it was a toy until Bert pointed out the fact.

text: Bart looks exactly like Bert, and Ernie once mistook Bart for Bert; but Bart wears a suit and fedora and is an entrepreneur who is just like Ernie in personality ("Bart's the name and selling's my game!"). Bart also tells several jokes and laughs at his own jokes and has combed hair which shocks Ernie who expected Bart to be as grumpy as Bert. Bert's Aunt Matilda is never shown, but is often talked about, usually concerning Bert buying presents for her for numerous reasons.

text: Bert is one of Mister Rogers's fans. In one sketch, Bert is trying to write a letter to Mister Rogers and Ernie turns on his electric fan and blows Bert's letters away.

text: One running gag with Bert is when Ernie often removes his nose either accidentally or for humorous purposes.

text: Discography[edit]

text: As the duo often sing in their skits, several albums were released containing studio-recorded versions of their songs. Bert's best-known song is "Doin' the Pigeon". Additionally, he and Ernie both had their own video, The Best of Ernie and Bert, and their own album, Bert and Ernie's Greatest Hits. Only Ernie, however, has hit the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart with his song Rubber Duckie.

text: News[edit]

text: Created on March 30, 1997, a humor website called Bert is Evil hosted digitally manipulated images and satiric articles as "evidence" of Bert being evil. The site drew worldwide attention in 2001 when a photo of a Bangladeshi street protest was distributed by the Reuters news agency. The photo included a protest sign that depicted Bert with Osama bin Laden, an image that had been inadvertently placed there by the owner of a poster shop in Dhaka.[4]

text: Bert was also described by Jon Stewart on March 18, 2010 as "A fastidious, pigeon-worshipping felt tyrant whose draconian Sharia Law allows for neither loud noise nor rubber duckies. But yet, who spends his day in a children’s workshop telling our impressionable youth what to think," in an act spoofing Glenn Beck.[5]