document_title: A Place to Call Home (TV series)

question_text: where was a place to call home filmed

question_tokens: where was a place to call home filmed

text: A Place to Call Home (TV series)

text: Production[edit]

text: Development for A Place to Call Home began after Bevan Lee completed his "domestic trilogy" (Always Greener, Packed to the Rafters and Winners & Losers).[3] He took inspiration from film director Douglas Sirk's 1950s films such as Written on the Wind (1956) and All That Heaven Allows (1955).[4] Lee told The Age that he wanted to create a romance-driven melodrama based in the 1950s because people's lives in the present are "relatively bland". He said: "At the end of the day, conflict is drama and we live in relatively conflict-free society. I had to go to a place where there was pain and damage and hurt; after the war there was."[5] The script is co-written by Lee and Trent Atkinson.[6]

text: Noni Hazlehurst (Elizabeth Bligh) was the first cast member to be announced for A Place to Call Home, on 18 June 2012.[7] Marta Dusseldorp (Sarah Adams), Brett Climo (George Bligh) and Frankie J. Holden (Roy Briggs) were announced a month later, with Dusseldorp leading the overall cast.[8] Newcomers David Berry (James Bligh), Arianwen Parkes-Lockwood (Olivia Bligh), Abby Earl (Anna Bligh) and Aldo Mignone (Gino Poletti), made up the rest of the main cast.[9]

text: A Place to Call Home is set primarily in both the fictional estate "Ash Park" and the nearby fictional town of "Inverness" in country New South Wales.[10] Camden and the Southern Highlands in New South Wales serves as the backdrop for Inverness. Ash Park is actually Camelot, a heritage-listed property located at Kirkham, on the outskirts of Camden.[1][11][12] Sydney, the capital city of New South Wales, is a third location where major events occur, but most city scenes are filmed indoors, aside from some establishing shots such as historic footage of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

text: Filming for the first season began on 9 July 2012 and concluded on 12 December 2012.[13] Season one was shot on a Sony F65 camera, the first Australian television production to do so.[14]

text: In June 2013, Erin McWhirter of TV Week announced that A Place to Call Home had been renewed for another season. Abby Earl told McWhirter, "We're locked in pre-production in August and then we start filming in September, so there's plenty of time for me to get back in Anna's shoes."[15] The second season started on 11 May 2014 and concluded on 13 July 2014.

text: TV Week confirmed that a third season had been commissioned.[16] However, in June 2014, the magazine reported that Channel Seven had declined the option to renew the series, and that the cast and crew had been told that they would not be required for a third season.[17]

text: On 15 October 2014, it was announced that Foxtel had finalised a deal with Channel Seven that would see a third season written by Bevan Lee, produced by Seven Productions, but aired on Foxtel.[18] On 25 October 2014, The Daily Telegraph announced that A Place to Call Home was renewed for another two seasons and would return in late 2015, airing on Foxtel channel, SoHo. It was also announced that all the original cast and crew members would return.[19]

text: On 16 August 2015 it was announced via the official Facebook page that season 3 would premiere on Sunday 27 September 2015 at 8:30 pm on SoHo. Season 4 premiered on Foxtel's Showcase channel on Sunday 11 September 2016.

text: Season 5 was announced by Foxtel on 16 November 2016. The timeline of season 5 will skip ahead from 1954 to the year 1958. Production of A Place to Call Home resumed in February 2017 with principal photography continuing through July 2017. Season 5 will air on Foxtel's Showcase Channel in Australia starting on 8 October 2017.[20]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5

Marta Dusseldorp
Sarah Adams
Main

Noni Hazlehurst
Elizabeth Bligh / Elizabeth Goddard
Main

Brett Climo
George Bligh
Main

Craig Hall
Jack Duncan
Main

David Berry
James Bligh
Main

Abby Earl
Anna Bligh / Anna Poletti
Main

Arianwen Parkes-Lockwood
Olivia Bligh
Main

Aldo Mignone
Gino Poletti
Main

Frankie J. Holden
Roy Briggs
Main

Sara Wiseman
Carolyn Bligh
Recurring
Main

Jenni Baird
Regina Standish / Regina Bligh
Recurring
Main
Recurring

Tim Draxl
Doctor Henry Fox

Main

Ben Winspear
Doctor Rene Nordmann

Recurring
Main

Matt Levett
Andrew Swanson
Recurring
Main

Brenna Harding
Rose O'Connell

Recurring
Main

Dominic Allburn
Harry Polson
Main

Main

Deborah Kennedy
Doris Collins
Recurring
Main

text:
Marta Dusseldorp as Sarah Adams, who despite a strictly religious Catholic upbringing, had moved to Paris to be with the man she loved and to adopt his Jewish faith. However, a new life awaits her when she comes to work for the local hospital near the Bligh family, whom she met while serving as a nurse on the ship taking them all back to Australia from Europe. Later, she is astonished to hear a report that her husband is still alive following World War II, and her life again spins into troubled times.[21]
Noni Hazlehurst as Elizabeth Bligh, the headstrong and stubborn matriarch of the Bligh family. She is at first rude and cruel to Sarah, but she grudgingly mellows over time. Later in the series, she leaves for Sydney to live with her daughter Carolyn, and to become a better person.[21]
Brett Climo as Elizabeth's son, George Bligh, a good-hearted man who takes Sarah under his protection and gradually falls in love with her. He is Elaine's widower; at the beginning of the series, he appears to be father to James and Anna; eventually it emerges that Anna is actually a secret child of his sister Carolyn and their friend Jack, taken in by George and Elaine to spare Carolyn any scandal. His worst flaw may be his trust in people who seek to take advantage of him.[21]
Craig Hall as Jack Duncan, the secret past lover of Carolyn, who now faces many challenges in his work as a doctor in a hospital run by the Bligh family. He is a genuine person despite his personal problems and would do anything to help others.[21]
David Berry as James Bligh, the only son of George and Elaine, who grows up unaware of his "sister" Anna's true background. He marries Olivia, but is tormented by the realisation that he is gay, and tries to commit suicide. He later feels betrayed when his wife has an affair, but returns to Ash Park to live for his young son.[21]
Arianwen Parkes-Lockwood as Olivia Bligh, James' wife, a newlywed from England at the start of the series. She develops anger toward James for his indifference to her desperate need for affection, but does try to come to terms with his "condition".[21]
Abby Earl as Anna Bligh (later Poletti), the secret child of Carolyn and Jack, who was raised believing she was daughter of George and Elaine. Anna marries a local farmer, Gino, after rebelling against the Bligh family. However the marriage faces difficulties when Gino goes into debt, and his attempts to expand the farm fail.[21]
Aldo Mignone as Gino Poletti, the young, handsome Italian farmer who has set Anna's heart on fire. He has a real passion for farming and trying to please everybody, but his ambitious business decisions are not very successful.[21]
Sara Wiseman as Carolyn Bligh. Much like her secret daughter Anna, Carolyn was the rebel child of her generation. For a long time, she gave up on her relationship with the Bligh family, and has had little contact for years. Once her secret is revealed, she is reunited with her long-separated daughter Anna and they develop an even closer relationship than before. Later on Carolyn works for Sir Richard Bennett, encountering new problems.[21]
Frankie J. Holden as Roy Briggs, a kindly old farmer who lives alone at the series start. He is very generous toward Sarah from the time she arrives in town, eventually offering her a refuge in his small home. They develop an easy, informal, mutually-supportive friendship.[21]
Ben Winspear as Doctor Rene Nordmann, the long-lost first love and husband of Sarah Adams. First seen only in flashback, Rene had been arrested by the Nazi occupiers of Paris, and had disappeared without a trace. Later, when Sarah is amazed to learn that he is still alive, she travels to Paris to rescue him from the deep psychological damage caused by his long ordeal of imprisonment and torture. Rene has great difficulty adjusting to normal life, and still seems to carry his imprisonment within him.
Jenni Baird as Regina Standish, the widowed, formerly wealthy and still money-hungry sister of George's late wife, Elaine. Regina is the opposite of who Elaine had been: cold, bitter, and scheming, she despises Jews and openly displays religious intolerance toward Sarah. Regina has now set her sights on the widower George's inheritance, and would take extreme actions to achieve her goals regardless of anyone she sees as an obstacle.
Dominic Allburn as Harry Polson, the gay brother of Amy. He has a brief romantic involvement with James, but when much of the village learns of Harry's true nature, he leaves Inverness for a new life elsewhere. Later, when he returns after having been severely beaten, Sarah helps him to settle back into a more stable life at Inverness.
Tim Draxl as Doctor Henry Fox, the doctor who helps to save George's life after he is shot. Henry then goes on to befriend James, and they realize their mutual attraction to each other is stronger than mere friendship. Henry falls under the devious control of Regina, when she blackmails him into supplying her with morphine for her addiction.[21]
Matt Levett as Andrew Swanson, a somewhat entitled heir apparent who tries to win the hand of Anna Bligh.
Deborah Kennedy as Doris Collins, the most widely-known member of the Inverness village, who seems omnipresent on her bicycle. Although she means well, her gossiping ways can sometimes make her seem rude and intrusive. Sarah dislikes her at first, but as time goes on, finds her helpful as someone who always knows who has done what in the village.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4

Krew Boylan
Amy Polson
Recurring

Amy Matthews
Amy Polson

Recurring

Heather Mitchell
Prudence Swanson
Recurring

Judi Farr
Peg Maloney
Recurring

Dina Panozzo
Carla Poletti
Recurring

Angelo D'Angelo
Amo Poletti
Recurring

Jacinta Acevski
Alma Grey
Recurring

Scott Grimley
Norman Parker
Recurring

Erica Lovell
Eve Walker
Recurring

Guest

Rick Donald
Lloyd Ellis-Parker

Recurring
Guest

Michael Sheasby
Bert Ford
Recurring
Guest

text:
Heather Mitchell as Prudence Swanson, the wealthy friend of Elizabeth. Prudence socializes with Elizabeth whenever she comes to visit Sydney. As a member of Sydney's upper class, she is very aristocratic and looks down her nose at Sarah when she arrives for a garden party.
Judi Farr as Peg Maloney, the aunt of Sarah Adams, who writes to her frequently from her home in Sydney. She and Sarah have grown very close, and when Sarah later decides to take a difficult action, she asks Peg for help.
Dina Panozzo as Carla Poletti, the mother of Gino. She is very critical of the relationship with Anna and her son, saying that it will never work because she is not Catholic. But when George accedes, she does so as well.
Krew Boylan and then Amy Mathews as Amy Polson, the maid of the Bligh household. When Regina suspects that James is gay she manipulates Amy into spying for her, which eventually forces Elizabeth to fire Amy with great sorrow.
Angelo D'Angelo as Amo Poletti, the father of Gino
Jacinta Acevski as Alma Grey
Scott Grimley as Norman Parker (driver)
Rick Donald as Lloyd Ellis-Parker, a talented portrait artist on temporary assignment, who seems to offer Olivia the romantic affection she desperately craves.
Michael Sheasby as Bert Ford, a local yobbo who always seems to be looking for a fight. His suspicion of outsiders and religious intolerance make Sarah a natural target, as are the Italian Poletti family. Bert disappears under mysterious circumstances, but his unknown fate continues to haunt his former victims.
Mark Lee as Sir Richard Bennett, a rich and powerful, but unprincipled owner of a major city newspaper. He is used to taking whatever he wishes to possess, including the people around him.
Robert Coleby as Douglas Goddard, a retiree who now runs a club for Australian war veterans.

text: Broadcast[edit]

text:
Series overview

Series
Episodes
Originally aired
OzTAM ratings

First aired
Last aired
Network
Rank
Average viewership

1
13
28 April 2013 (2013-04-28)
21 July 2013 (2013-07-21)
Seven Network
8[22]
1,480,000[22]

2
10
11 May 2014 (2014-05-11)
13 July 2014 (2014-07-13)
7[23]
1,150,000[23]

3
10
27 September 2015 (2015-09-27)
29 November 2015 (2015-11-29)
SoHo
2
168,000

4
12
11 September 2016
27 November 2016
Showcase[24]
2
139,000

text: When Seven Network revealed its new television series lineup for 2012, A Place to Call Home was mentioned alongside other titles.[25] Seven Network's Angus Ross said that it would potentially premiere in late 2012, but would not be rushed to air by a certain date unless "casting and other elements" were right.[26] The first season of A Place to Call Home consisted of thirteen episodes.[5] The pilot episode was originally broadcast on 28 April 2013, in the 8:30 pm time slot (previously occupied by Downton Abbey).[1]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Nominee(s)
Work
Result
Ref

2014
Telefeatures, TV Drama & Mini Series Award of Distinction
John Stokes
Season 1, Episode 9: "Cane Toad"
Won
[27]

text:
Year
Category
Nominee(s)
Work
Result
Ref

2014
Most Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
Cast
Season 1
Nominated
[28]

text:
Year
Category
Nominee
Work
Result
Ref

2014
Most Outstanding Drama Series
N/A
A Place to Call Home
Nominated
[29]

Most Popular Actress
Marta Dusseldorp
A Place to Call Home
Nominated

Most Popular New Talent
Abby Earl
A Place to Call Home
Nominated

2016
Best Actress
Marta Dusseldorp
A Place to Call Home
Nominated
[30]

Most Outstanding Supporting Actor
David Berry
A Place to Call Home
Nominated

Most Outstanding Supporting Actress
Jenni Baird
A Place to Call Home
Nominated

Best Drama Program
N/A
A Place to Call Home
Nominated

Most Outstanding Drama Series
N/A
A Place to Call Home
Nominated
2017
Best Actress
Marta Dusseldorp
A Place to Call Home
 style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="no table-no2"|Nominated

2017
Most Outstanding Supporting Actress
Jenni Baird
A Place to Call Home
Nominated

Most Outstanding Drama Series
N/A
A Place to Call Home
Won

text: International[edit]

text: Shortly after airing in Australia A Place to Call Home started broadcasting on TV One in New Zealand in the Sundays 8.30 pm slot, moving later to 9.40 pm. [31] Subsequent series have also aired on TV One, with series four currently screening at 8.30 pm on Fridays.

text: The first season began airing in Denmark on DR1 in March 2014. The show airs under the Danish title En Ny Begyndelse, which roughly translates to A New Beginning. In other Nordic countries the show has been aired in Finland by the national broadcasting company's TV channel Yle TV1. The show airs under the Finnish title Kotiin takaisin, which roughly translates to Back to home. In Finland, the series has been very popular, collecting at best over one million viewers (twenty percent of the population).

text: Series one and two began airing on BBC2 in the United Kingdom on 17 November 2014, series three on 25 February 2016,[32] and series four on 13 February 2017.

text: The show also airs in Israel on Yes Drama under the title מקום בלב, which translates to A Place in the Heart.

text: In the Netherlands the series airs too on MAX (npo2).

text: The first four seasons are available for streaming in the US on Acorn TV. The show is also distributed to Public broadcasting#television stations by American Public Television.[33]

text: In Croatia the show airs on HRT under the title Mjesto koje zovem dom, which translates to A Place That I Call Home.

text: Home media[edit]

text:
Title
Set details
DVD release dates
Blu-ray release dates
Special features

Region 1[34]
Region 2[35]
Region 4[36]
Region B[36]

A Place to Call Home — Season 1

Discs: 4[A]
Episodes: 13

3 March 2015 (2015-03-03)
23 February 2015 (2015-02-23)
8 August 2013 (2013-08-08)

Photo gallery (region 2 only)
Interviews with the Cast (region 4 only)

A Place to Call Home — Season 2

Discs: 3[B]
Episodes: 10

30 June 2015 (2015-06-30)
23 February 2015 (2015-02-23)
17 July 2014 (2014-07-17)

Interviews
Young to Old: Sarah's Transformation
Character Profiles (region 1 & 2 only)

A Place to Call Home — Season 2: Revised Edition

Discs: 3
Episodes: 10

N/A
N/A
29 October 2015 (2015-10-29)
N/A

Interviews
Young to Old: Sarah's Transformation
Season 3 Character Profiles
Season 3 Trailer

A Place to Call Home — Season 2: Collector's Edition

Discs: 1
Episodes: 3

N/A
N/A
29 October 2015 (2015-10-29)
N/A

Interviews
Young to Old: Sarah's Transformation
Season 3 Character Profiles
Season 3 Trailer

A Place to Call Home — Season 3

Discs: 3[C]
Episodes: 10

5 April 2016 (2016-04-05)
14 March 2016 (2016-03-14)
7 April 2016 (2016-04-07)
N/A

New season 2 finale
Picture gallery
Season 3 episode recaps (region 4 only)

A Place to Call Home — Season 4

Discs: 3[D]
Episodes: 12

28 February 2017 (2017-02-28)
6 March 2017 (2017-03-06)
26 April 2017 (2017-04-26)
N/A

Region 1:

Cast and crew interviews (region 1 only)
Behind-the-scenes featurettes (region 1 only)
Photo gallery

text: Box sets[edit]

text:
Title
Set details
DVD release dates
Special features

Region 1[34]
Region 2[35]
Region 4[36]

A Place to Call Home — Season 1 & 2

Discs: 7
Episodes: 23

N/A
N/A
29 October 2015 (2015-10-29)

Interviews
Young to Old: Sarah's Transformation
Season 3 Character Profiles
Season 3 Trailer

A Place to Call Home — Complete Seasons One to Three

Discs: 10[E]
Episodes: 33

N/A
14 March 2016 (2016-03-14)
1 September 2016 (2016-09-01)

Interviews
Young to Old: Sarah's Transformation
Season 3 Character Profiles
Season 3 Trailer
New season 2 finale (region 2 & 4)
Picture gallery (region 2 & 4)
Season 3 episode recaps

A Place to Call Home — Complete Seasons 1–4

Discs: 13[F]
Episodes: 45

N/A
6 March 2017 (2017-03-06)
26 April 2017 (2017-04-26)

Alternative series two finale (region 2)

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ 2 discs in the UK. Blu-ray includes 3 discs.
Jump up ^ Blu-ray and UK release includes 2 discs.
Jump up ^ 2 discs in the UK.
Jump up ^ 2 discs in the UK.
Jump up ^ 6 discs in the UK.
Jump up ^ 8 discs in the UK.


document_title: Tropical Storm Allison

question_text: how many inches of rain did hurricane allison bring to houston

root

text: Tropical Storm Allison

text: Meteorological history[edit]

text: A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on May 21, 2001. It moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean, retaining little convection on its way. After moving across South America and the southwestern Caribbean Sea, the wave entered the eastern North Pacific Ocean on June 1. A low-level circulation developed on June 2, while it was about 230 miles (370 km) south-southeast of Salina Cruz, Mexico. Southerly flow forced the system northward, and the wave moved inland on June 3. The low-level circulation dissipated, though the mid-level circulation persisted. It emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on June 4, and developed deep convection on its eastern side.[2] Early on June 5, satellite imagery suggested that a tropical depression was forming in the northwest Gulf of Mexico, which was furthered by reports of wind gusts as high as 60 mph (95 km/h) just a few hundred feet above the surface, towards the east side of the system.[3]

tag: p

text: At 1200 UTC on June 5, the disturbance developed a broad, low-level circulation, and was classified as Tropical Storm Allison, the first storm of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season. Some intensification was projected, though it was expected to be hindered by cool offshore sea surface temperatures.[4] Due to the cold-core nature of the center, Allison initially contained subtropical characteristics. Despite this, the storm quickly strengthened to attain peak sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), with tropical storm-force winds extending up to 230 miles (370 km) east of the center, and a minimum central pressure of 1000 mbar.[2] The storm initially moved very little, and the presence of several small vortices from within the deep convection caused difficulty in determining the exact center location.[5] Later in the day, several different track forecasts arose. One scenario had the cyclone tracking westward into Mexico. Another projected the storm moving east towards southern Louisiana. At the time, it was noted that little rain or wind persisted near the center, but rather to the north and east.[6] Under the steering currents of a subtropical ridge that extended in an east–west orientation across the southeast United States,[5] Allison weakened while nearing the Texas coastline, and struck near Freeport, Texas with 50 mph (80 km/h) winds.[2] Inland, the storm rapidly weakened, and the National Hurricane Center discontinued advisories early on June 6.[7] Shortly after being downgraded to a tropical depression, surface observations showed an elongated circulation with a poorly defined center, which had reformed closer to the deep convection.[8]

text: The depression drifted northward until reaching Lufkin, Texas, where it stalled due to a high pressure system to its north.[2] While stalling over Texas, the storm dropped excessive rainfall, peaking at just over 40 inches (1,033 mm) in northwestern Jefferson County.[9] On June 7, the subtropical ridge off Florida weakened, while the ridge west of Texas intensified. This steered Tropical Depression Allison to make a clockwise loop, and the storm began drifting to the southwest. As the center reached Huntsville, Texas, a heavy rain band began to back build from Louisiana westward into Liberty County, Texas, which had caused additional flooding.[10] At the time, the system had a minimum central pressure of about 1004 mb and maximum sustained winds of about 10 mph (16 km/h).[11] Late on June 9 and early on June 10, Allison's remnants reentered reached the Gulf of Mexico and emerged over open waters.[12] The low once again became nearly stationary about 60 mi (100 km) south of Galveston, Texas, and despite more favorable upper-level winds, it showed no signs of redevelopment.[13] Due to dry air and moderate westerly wind shear, the storm transformed into a subtropical cyclone. While the subtropical depression moved eastward, a new low level circulation redeveloped to the east, and Allison quickly made landfall on Morgan City, Louisiana on June 11.[2] At around the same time, the surface center reformed to the east-northeast of its previous location, aligning with the mid-level circulation.[14] Strong thunderstorms redeveloped over the circulation, and Allison strengthened into a subtropical storm over southeastern Louisiana.[2] The storm intensified further to attain sustained winds of 45 mph (70 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of about 1000 mb near Mclain, Mississippi, accompanied by a well-defined eye-like feature.[15]

text: The storm was officially downgraded to a subtropical depression at 0000 UTC on June 12. Somewhat accelerating, the depression tracked to the east-northeast through Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina before becoming nearly stationary near Wilmington, North Carolina.[2] The depression drifted through North Carolina and sped to the northeast for a time in response to an approaching cold front.[16] Though satellite and radar imagery show the system was well-organized, the system slowed and moved erratically for a period of time,[17] executing what appeared to be a small counterclockwise loop.[18] The storm began tracking in a generally northeasterly direction, and crossed into the southern Delmarva Peninsula on June 16.[19] The subtropical remnants reached the Atlantic on June 17, and while located east of Atlantic City, New Jersey, winds began to restrengthen, and heavy rains formed to the north of the circulation. The low was interacting with a frontal boundary, and started merging with it, as it accelerated to the northeast at 13 mph (21 km/h).[20] The remnants of Allison briefly reintensified to a subtropical storm through baroclinic processes, though it became extratropical while south of Long Island.[2] By later on June 17, the low was situated off the coast of Rhode Island, spreading a swath of precipitation over New England.[21] The remnants of the tropical storm were then absorbed by the frontal boundary by June 18, and eventually passed south of Cape Race, Newfoundland on June 20, where the extratropical cyclone dissipated.[2]

text: Preparations[edit]

text: Shortly after the storm formed, officials in Galveston County, Texas issued a voluntary evacuation for the western end of Galveston Island, as the area was not protected by the Galveston Seawall.[2] The ferry from the island to the Bolivar Peninsula was closed, while voluntary evacuations were issued in Surfside in Brazoria County.[22] When the National Hurricane Center issued the first advisory on Allison, officials issued Tropical Storm Warnings from Sargent, Texas to Morgan City, Louisiana.[23] After the storm made landfall, flash flood watches and warnings were issued for numerous areas in eastern Texas.[24] During the flood event, the National Weather Service in Houston issued 99 flash flood warnings with an average lead time of 40 minutes. With an average lead time of 24 minutes, the National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana issued 47 flash flood warnings. With an average lead time of 39 minutes, the National Weather Service in New Orleans/Baton Rouge issued 87 flash flood warnings, of which 30 were not followed by a flash flood.[25]

text: In Tallahassee, Florida, a shelter opened the day before Allison's movement northward through the area, seven staff members housing 12 people. Two other shelters were on standby. Teams informed citizens in the Florida Panhandle of flood dangers.[26]

text: Impact[edit]

text:
Death Tolls by State

Area
Deaths

Texas
23

Louisiana
1

Mississippi
1

Florida
8

Virginia
1

Pennsylvania
7

Total
41

tag: table

text: Tropical Storm Allison was a major flood disaster throughout its path from Texas to the Mid-Atlantic. The worst of the flooding occurred in Houston, Texas, where over 35 inches (890 mm) of rain fell. Allison caused over $9 billion in damage (2001 USD, $12 billion 2014 USD), making it the costliest tropical storm on record in the United States. The storm also killed 41 people directly, including 27 who drowned. This ties Allison with a tropical storm in 1917 as the second-deadliest tropical storm to affect the US; only surpassed by the 1925 Florida tropical storm which killed 73 people.[2]

text: Texas[edit]

text: Combined with waves on top, areas of Galveston Island experienced a wall of water 8 feet (2.5 m) in height, creating overwash along the coastline. The storm caused winds of up to 43 mph (69 km/h) at the Galveston Pier. While Allison was stalling over Texas, it dropped very heavy rainfall across the state.[2] Minimal beach erosion was reported.[27] Flash flooding continued for days,[10] with rainfall amounts across the state peaking at just over 40 inches (1,033 mm) in northwestern Jefferson County. In the Port of Houston, a total of 36.99 inches (940 mm) was reported.[9] Houston experienced torrential rainfall in a short amount of time. The six-day rainfall in Houston amounted to 38.6 inches (980 mm).[28] Houston Hobby Airport received 20.84 inches of rain from June 5 to 10, 2001, while Bush Intercontinental Airport received 16.48 inches. [29] The deluge of rainfall flooded 95,000 automobiles and 73,000 houses throughout Harris County.[1] Tropical Storm Allison destroyed 2,744 homes, leaving 30,000 homeless with residential damages totaling to $1.76 billion (2001 USD, $2.29 billion 2012 USD).[28]

text: Several hospitals in the Texas Medical Center, the largest medical complex in the world, experienced severe damage from the storm, which hit quickly and with unexpected fury on a Friday evening. The Baylor College of Medicine experienced major damage, totaling $495 million (2001 USD, $643 million 2012 USD). The medical school lost 90,000 research animals, 60,000 tumor samples, and 25 years of research data. The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, across the street, lost thousands of laboratory animals. Throughout the Medical Center, damage totaled to over $2 billion (2001 USD, $2.6 billion 2012 USD).[28]

text: The underground tunnel system, which connects most large office buildings in downtown Houston, was submerged, as were many streets and parking garages adjacent to Buffalo Bayou. At the Houston Theater District, also in downtown, the Houston Symphony, Houston Grand Opera, and Alley Theater lost millions of dollars of costumes, musical instruments, sheet music, archives and other artifacts. By midnight on June 9 nearly every freeway and major road in the city was under several feet of water, forcing hundreds of motorists to abandon their vehicles for higher ground.[28]

text: Despite massive flooding damage to entire neighborhoods there were no drowning deaths in flooded homes. In the area, there were twelve deaths from driving, six from walking, three from electrocution, and one in an elevator.[1] Elsewhere in Texas, a man drowned when swimming in a ditch in Mauriceville.[25] Damage totaled to $5.2 billion (2001 USD, $6.8 billion 2012 USD) throughout Texas.[30]

text: Louisiana[edit]

text: While making its first landfall, Allison's large circulation dropped severe rains on southwest Louisiana.[31] Days later, Allison hit the state as a subtropical storm, dropping more heavy rains to the area. Rainfall totals peaked at 29.86 inches (758 mm) in Thibodaux, the highest rainfall total in Louisiana from a tropical cyclone since another Tropical Storm Allison in 1989.[32] Most of the southeastern portion of the state experienced over 10 inches of rain (255 mm).[9] Winds were generally light, peaking at 38 mph (61 km/h) sustained in Lakefront with gusts to 53 mph (85 km/h) in Bay Gardene. The storm produced a storm surge of 2.5 feet (0.75 m) in Cameron as it was making landfall in Texas.[2] While moving northward through Texas, the outer bands of the storm produced an F1 tornado near Zachary, damaging several trees and a power line. A man was killed when a damaged power line hit his truck.[33]

text: When Allison first made landfall, heavy rainfall flooded numerous houses and businesses. Minor wind gusts caused minor roof damage to 10 houses in Cameron Parish, while its storm surge flooded portions of Louisiana Highway 82.[34] When the system returned, more rainfall occurred, flooding over 1,000 houses in St. Tammany Parish,[35] 80 houses in Saint Bernard Parish,[36] and hundreds of houses elsewhere in the state. The flooding also forced 1,800 residents from their homes in East Baton Rouge Parish.[37] The deluge left numerous roads impassable, while runoff resulted in severe river flooding. The Bogue Falaya River in Covington crested past its peak twice to near-record levels.[35] The Amite and Comite Rivers reached their highest levels since 1983. In addition, the levee along the Bayou Manchac broke, flooding roadways and more houses.[37] Damage in Louisiana totaled to $65 million (2001 USD, $84 million 2012 USD).[28]

text: Southeast United States[edit]

text: In Mississippi, Allison produced heavy rainfall of over 10 inches (255 mm) in one night,[38] while some areas in the southwestern portion of the state received over 15 inches (380 mm).[9] The flooding damaged numerous houses and flooded many roadways.[38] Thunderstorms from the storm produced four tornadoes,[2] including one in Gulfport, Mississippi that damaged 10 houses.[39] Severe thunderstorms in George County damaged 15 houses, destroyed 10, and injured 5 people.[40] Damage in Mississippi totaled to over $1 million (2001 USD, $1.3 million 2012 USD).[38][39][40] Rainfall in Alabama was moderate, with areas near Mobile experiencing more than 10 inches (255 mm).[9] Heavy rainfall closed several roads in Crenshaw County.[41] The storm, combined with a high pressure, produced coastal flooding in southern Alabama.[42] Allison produced an F0 tornado in southwest Mobile County that caused minor roof damage[43] and another F0 tornado in Covington County that caused minor damage to six homes and a church.[43]

text: The storm, combined with a high pressure system, produced a strong pressure gradient, resulting in strong rip currents off the coast of Florida. The currents prompted sirens, which are normally used for storm warnings, to be activated in Pensacola Beach.[44] The rip currents killed 5 off the coast of Florida.[45] Outer rain bands from the storm dropped heavy rainfall across the Florida Panhandle of over 11 inches (280 mm) in one day. The Tallahassee Regional Airport recorded 10.13 inches (257 mm) in 24 hours, breaking the old 24‑hour record set in 1969.[46] Throughout the state, Allison destroyed 10 homes and damaged 599, 196 severely, primarily in Leon County.[47] Including the deaths from rip currents, Allison killed eight people in Florida[2] and caused $20 million (2001 USD, $26 million 2012 USD) in damage.[46]

text: Over Georgia, the storm dropped heavy rainfall of 10 inches (255 mm) in 24 hours in various locations. The deluge caused rivers to crest past their banks, including the Oconee River at Milledgeville which peaked at 33.7 feet (10.3 m). The rainfall, which was heaviest across the southwestern portion of the state, washed out several bridges and roads, and flooded many other roads. Georgia governor Roy Barnes declared a state of emergency for seven counties in the state.[48] The storm also spawned two tornadoes.[2] In South Carolina, Allison's outer bands produced 10 tornadoes[2] and several funnel clouds, though most only caused minor damage limited to a damaged courthouse, snapped trees[49] and downed power lines.[50] Allison produced from 12 to 16 inches (305 to 406 mm) of rainfall in North Carolina, closing nearly all roads in Martin County and damaging 25 homes.[51] The severe flooding washed out a bridge in eastern Halifax County[52] and flooded numerous cars.[32] Wet roads caused nine traffic accidents throughout the state.[2]

text: Mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States[edit]

text: In Virginia, Allison produced light rainfall, with the southeastern and south-central portions of the state experiencing over 3 inches (76 mm).[9] A tree in a saturated ground fell over and killed one person.[53] Allison also produced one tornado in the state.[2] Washington, D.C. experienced moderate rainfall from the storm, totaling to 2.59 inches (66 mm) in Georgetown.[54] In Maryland, rainfall from Tropical Depression Allison totaled to 7.5 inches (190 mm) in Denton, closing eleven roads and causing washouts on 41 others. The Maryland Eastern Shore experienced only minor rainfall from one to two inches (25 to 50 mm). Damage was light, and no deaths were reported.[55] In Delaware, the storm produced moderate rainfall, peaking at 4.2 inches (106 mm) in Greenwood. No damage was reported.[56]

text: Allison, in combination with an approaching frontal boundary, dropped heavy rainfall across southeastern Pennsylvania, peaking at 10.17 inches (258 mm) in Chalfont in Bucks County and over 3 inches (76 mm) in portions of Philadelphia. The rainfall caused rivers to rise, with the Neshaminy Creek in Langhorne peaking at 16.87 feet (5.1 m). Several other rivers and creeks in southeastern Pennsylvania crested at over 10 feet (3 m). The rainfall downed numerous weak trees and power lines, leaving 70,000 without power during the storm. The flooding washed out several roads and bridges, including a few SEPTA rail lines. In addition, the rainfall destroyed 241 homes and damaged 1,386 others. Flooding at a Dodge dealership totaled 150 vehicles. Hundreds of people were forced to be rescued from damaged buildings from flood waters. The flooding dislodged a clothes dryer in the basement of the "A" building of the Village Green Apartment Complex in Upper Moreland Township, breaking a natural gas line. The gas leak resulted in an explosion and an ensuing fire that killed six people. Firefighters were unable to render assistance as the building was completely surrounded by floodwaters. Additionally, one man drowned in his vehicle in a river.[57] Damage in Pennsylvania totaled to $215 million (2001 USD, $279 million 2012 USD).[28]

text: In New Jersey, the storm produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 8.1 inches (205 mm) in Tuckerton. The rains also caused river flooding, including the north branch of the Metedeconk River in Lakewood which crested at 8 feet (2.5 m). The flooding, severe at places, closed several roads, including numerous state highways.[58] Gusty winds of up to 44 mph (71 km/h) in Atlantic City downed weak trees and power lines, leaving over 13,000 without power. Several people had to be rescued from high waters, though no fatalities occurred in the state. Overall damage was minimal.[59]

text: Tropical Storm Allison caused flash flooding in New York, dropping up to 3 inches (75 mm) of rain in one hour in several locations and peaking at 5.73 inches (146 mm) in Granite Springs. The rains also caused river flooding, including the Mahwah River which crested at 3.79 feet (1.2 m). Allison's rainfall damaged 24 houses and several stores, while the flooding closed several major highways in the New York City area. Overall damage was light, and no fatalities occurred in New York due to Allison.[60] Similarly, rainfall in Connecticut peaked at 7.2 inches (183 mm) in Pomfret,[61] closing several roads and causing minor damage to numerous houses. The Yantic River at Yantic crested at 11.1 feet (3.4 m),[61] while a state road was closed when a private dam in Hampton failed from the rainfall.[61] In Rhode Island, Allison produced up to 7.1 inches (180 mm) of rainfall in North Smithfield, washing out several roads and houses, and destroying a log house in Foster.[62]

text: An isolated severe thunderstorm in the outer bands of Allison produced an F1 tornado in Worcester and Middlesex Counties in Massachusetts, impacting over 100 trees and damaging one house and one small camper. A microburst in Leominster and another in Shirley damaged several trees. Lightning from the storm hit two houses, causing significant damage there but little elsewhere. Allison also produced moderate rainfall in the state, mainly ranging from 3 to 5 inches (75 to 125 mm). The rainfall caused drainage and traffic problems. Damage in Massachusetts totaled to $400,000 (2001 USD, $520,000 2012 USD).[63]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Within weeks of the disaster, President George W. Bush declared 75 counties in Texas,[64] southern Louisiana,[65] southern Mississippi,[66] northwestern Florida,[67] and southeastern Pennsylvania as disaster areas.[68] The declarations allowed affected citizens to receive aid for temporary housing, emergency home repairs, and other serious disaster-related expenses. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) also provided 75% for the cost of debris removal, emergency services related to the disaster, and repairing or replacing damaged public facilities, such as roads, bridges and utilities.[64]

text: A few weeks after Allison, FEMA opened six disaster recovery centers across southeast Texas, which provided recovery information to those who applied for disaster assistance.[69] The American Red Cross and the Salvation Army opened 48 shelters at the peak of need for people driven from their homes, which served nearly 300,000 meals. The National Disaster Medical System deployed a temporary hospital to Houston with 88 professionals, aiding nearly 500 people.[70] Thirty-five volunteer services provided aid for the flood victims in Texas, including food, clothing, and volunteers to help repair the houses.[71] After nearly 50,000 cars were flooded and ruined, many people attempted to sell the cars across the country without telling of the car's history.[72] Following the extreme flooding, a mosquito outbreak occurred, though FEMA provided aid to control the problem.[73] By six months after the storm, around 120,000 Texas citizens applied for federal disaster aid, totaling to $1.05 billion (2001 USD, $1.36 billion 2012 USD).[74]

text: Like in Texas, a mosquito outbreak occurred in Louisiana. Only pesticides acceptable to the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Fish and Wildlife Service were allowed to be used.[75] FEMA officials warned homeowners of the dangers of floodwaters, including mold, mildew, and bacteria.[76] By three months after the storm, just under 100,000 Louisiana citizens applied for federal aid, totaling to over $110 million (2001 USD, $143 million 2012 USD). $25 million (2001 USD, $32 million 2012 USD) of the total was for business loans, while an additional $8 million was for public assistance for communities and state agencies.[77] More than 750 flood victims in Florida applied for governmental aid, totaling to $1.29 million (2001 USD, $1.5 million 2007 USD).[78] In Pennsylvania, 1,670 flood victims applied for federal aid, totaling to $11.5 million (2001 USD, $14.3 million 2012 USD). $3.4 million (2001 USD, $4.4 million 2012 USD) of the total was to replace a SEPTA rail bridge over Sandy Run in Fort Washington.[79]

text: Retirement[edit]

text: Due to extreme destruction, the name Allison was retired in spring 2002, and will never again be used in the Atlantic basin; the 2001 incarnation of Allison was the only Atlantic tropical system to have its name retired without reaching hurricane strength until the name Erika was retired following a storm in 2015. The name was replaced with Andrea in the 2007 season.


document_title: Member states of the League of Nations

question_text: when did germany joined the league of nations

text: Member states of the League of Nations

text: Map[edit]

text: 10 January 1920: founding members[edit]

text:
Argentina (withdrew 1921 on rejection of an Argentine resolution that all sovereign states would be admitted to the League.[1] It resumed full membership 26 September 1933[2])
 Belgium
 Bolivia
 Brazil (withdrew 14 June 1926)
 British Empire separate membership for:[3]

 United Kingdom
 Australia
 Canada
 India
 New Zealand
 South Africa

 Chile (withdrew 14 May 1938)
 China
 Colombia
 Cuba
 Czechoslovakia (occupied by Germany 15 March 1939)[4]
 Denmark[5]
 El Salvador (withdrew 11 August 1937)
 France (Vichy France withdrew 18 April 1941; withdrawal not recognised by Free French forces)
 Greece
 Guatemala (withdrew 26 May 1936)
 Haiti (withdrew April 1942)
 Honduras (withdrew 10 July 1936)
 Italy (withdrew 11 December 1937)
 Japan (withdrew 27 March 1933)
 Liberia
 Netherlands
 Nicaragua (withdrew 27 June 1936)
 Norway
 Panama
 Paraguay (withdrew 23 February 1935)
 Persia (known as Iran from 1934)
 Peru (withdrew 8 April 1939)
 Poland
 Portugal
 Romania (withdrew July 1940)
 Siam (known as Thailand from 1939)
 Spain (withdrew May 1939)
 Sweden
  Switzerland
 Uruguay
 Venezuela (withdrew 12 July 1938)
 Yugoslavia (known as Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929)[6]

tag: ul

text:
Austria (joined 15 December 1920; occupied and annexed by Germany 13 March 1938)
 Bulgaria (joined 16 December 1920)
 Costa Rica (joined 16 December 1920; withdrew 22 January 1925)
 Finland (joined 16 December 1920)[7]
 Luxembourg (joined 16 December 1920)[8]
 Albania (joined 17 December 1920)[9]

text:
Estonia (joined 22 September 1921; occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940)
 Latvia (joined 22 September 1921; occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940)
 Lithuania (joined 22 September 1921; occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940)

text: Hungary (joined 18 September 1922; withdrew 11 April 1939)

text:
Irish Free State (joined 10 September 1923, known as Ireland from 1937)
 Abyssinia (joined 28 September 1923)

text: Dominican Republic (joined 28 September 1924)

text: Germany (joined 8 September 1926; withdrew 19 October 1933)

text: Mexico (joined 9 September 1931, and is declared member 12 September 1931)[10]

text:
Turkey (joined 18 July 1932)
 Iraq (joined 3 October 1932)

text:
Soviet Union (joined 18 September 1934; expelled 14 December 1939)
 Afghanistan (joined 27 September 1934)
 Ecuador (joined 28 September 1934)

text: Egypt (joined 26 May 1937)