document_title: Slavery in the colonial United States

question_text: what were the different models of labor used in the british colonies

text: Slavery in the colonial United States

text: Background[edit]

text: While the British knew about Spanish and Portuguese slave trading, they did not implement slave labor in the Americas until the 17th century.[4] British travelers were fascinated by the dark-skinned people they found in West Africa; they developed mythologies that situated these new human beings in their view of the cosmos.[5]

text: The first Africans to arrive in England came voluntarily in 1555 with John Lok (an ancestor of the famous philosopher John Locke). Lok intended to teach them English in order to facilitate trading of material goods with West Africa.[6] This model gave way to a slave trade initiated by John Hawkins, who captured 300 Africans and sold them to the Spanish.[7] Blacks in England were subordinate but never had the legal status of chattel slaves.[8]

text: In 1607, England established Jamestown as its first permanent colony on the North American continent.[9] Tobacco became the chief commodity crop of the colony, due to the efforts of John Rolfe in 1611. Once it became clear that tobacco was going to drive the Jamestown economy, more workers were needed for the labor-intensive crop. The British aristocracy also needed to find a labor force to work on its sugar plantations in the Americas. The major sources were indentured servants from Britain, Native Americans, and West Africans.[10] During this period, Barbados became an English Colony in 1624 and the Caribbean's Jamaica in 1655. These and other Caribbean colonies became the center of wealth generated from sugar cane and the focus of the slave trade for the growing English empire.[11]

text: The English entertained two lines of thought simultaneously toward the indigenous Native Americans. Because these people were lighter skinned, they were seen as more European and therefore as candidates for civilization. At the same time, because they were occupying the land desired by the colonial powers, they were from the beginning, targets of potential military attack.[12]

text: At first, indentured servants were used as the needed labor.[13] These servants provided up to seven years of service in exchange for having their trip to Jamestown paid for by someone in Jamestown. Once the seven years was over, the indentured servant was free to live in Jamestown as a regular citizen. However, colonists began to see indentured servants as too costly, in part because the high mortality rate meant the force had to be resupplied. In 1619, Dutch traders brought African slaves taken from a Spanish ship to Jamestown; in North America, the Africans were also generally treated as indentured servants in the early colonial era.[14]

text: Several colonial colleges held enslaved people as workers and relied on them to operate.[15]

text: The first enslaved Africans[edit]

text: Carolinas[edit]

text: Until the early 18th century, enslaved Africans were difficult to acquire in the colonies that became the United States, as most were sold to the West Indies, where the large plantations and high mortality rates required continued importation of slaves. One of the first major centers of African slavery in the English North American colonies occurred with the founding of Charles Town and the Province of Carolina in 1670. The colony was founded mainly by planters from the overpopulated British sugar island of Barbados, who brought relatively large numbers of African slaves from that island to establish new plantations.[16]

text: For several decades it was difficult for planters north of the Caribbean to acquire African slaves. To meet agricultural labor needs, colonists practiced Indian slavery for some time. The Carolinians transformed the Indian slave trade during the late 17th and early 18th centuries by treating such slaves as a trade commodity to be exported, mainly to the West Indies. Historian Alan Gallay estimates that between 1670 and 1715, between 24,000 and 51,000 captive Native Americans were exported from South Carolina—much more than the number of Africans imported to the colonies of the future United States during the same period.[17]

text: Virginia and Chesapeake Bay[edit]

text: The first Africans to be brought to British North America landed in Virginia in 1619. They arrived on a Dutch ship that had captured them from the Spanish. These approximately 20 individuals appear to have been treated as indentured servants, and a significant number of enslaved Africans earned freedom by fulfilling a work contract or for converting to Christianity.[18] Some successful free people of color, such as Anthony Johnson, in turn acquired slaves or indentured servants for workers. Historians such as Edmund Morgan say this evidence suggests that racial attitudes were much more flexible in 17th-century Virginia than they would later become.[19] A 1625 census recorded 23 Africans in Virginia. In 1649 there were 300, and in 1690 there were 950.[20]

text: New England[edit]

text: Slaves, African and indigenous, made up a smaller part of the New England economy, which was based on yeoman farming and trades, and a smaller fraction of the population, but they were present.[21] The Puritans codified slavery in 1641.[22][23] The Massachusetts royal colony passed the Body of Liberties, which prohibited slavery in many instances, but did allow three legal bases of slavery.[23] Slaves could be held if they were captives of war, if they sold themselves into slavery or were purchased from elsewhere, or if they were sentenced to slavery by the governing authority.[23] The Body of Liberties used the word "strangers" to refer to people bought and sold as slaves, as they were generally not English subjects. Colonists came to equate this term with Native Americans and Africans.[24]

text: New York and New Jersey[edit]

text: The Dutch West India Company introduced slavery in 1625 with the importation of eleven enslaved blacks who worked as farmers, fur traders, and builders to New Amsterdam (present day New York City), capital of the nascent province of New Netherland.[25] The Dutch colony expanded across the North River (Hudson River) to Bergen (in today's New Jersey). Later slaves were also held privately by settlers to the area.[26][27] Although enslaved, the Africans had a few basic rights and families were usually kept intact. They were admitted to the Dutch Reformed Church and married by its ministers, and their children could be baptized. Slaves could testify in court, sign legal documents, and bring civil actions against whites. Some were permitted to work after hours earning wages equal to those paid to white workers. When the colony fell to the English in the 1660s, the company freed all its slaves, which created an early nucleus of free negros in the area.[25]

text: The English continued to import slaves to support needed work. Enslaved Africans performed a wide variety of skilled and unskilled jobs, mostly in the burgeoning port city and surrounding agricultural areas. In 1703 more than 42% of New York City's households held slaves, a percentage higher than in the cities of Boston and Philadelphia, and second only to Charleston in the South.[28]

text: Midwest, Mississippi River, and Louisiana[edit]

text: The French introduced legalized slavery into their colonies in New France both near the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. (They also used slave labor on their island colonies in the Caribbean: Guadeloupe and especially Saint-Domingue.) After the port of New Orleans was founded in 1718 with access to the Gulf Coast, French colonists imported more African slaves to the Illinois Country for use as agricultural or mining laborers. By the mid-eighteenth century, slaves accounted for as many as a third of the limited population in that rural area.[29]

text: Slavery was much more extensive in colonial Louisiana, where the French developed sugar cane plantations along the Mississippi river. Slavery was maintained during the French (1699 – 1763, and 1800 – 1803) and Spanish (1763 – 1800) periods of government. The first people enslaved by the French were Native Americans, but they could easily escape into the countryside which they knew well. Beginning in the early 18th century, the French imported Africans as laborers in their efforts to develop the colony. Mortality rates were high for both colonists and Africans, and new workers had to be imported.

text: Implemented in colonial Louisiana in 1724, Louis XIV of France's Code Noir regulated the slave trade and the institution of slavery in the French colonies. As a result, Louisiana and the Mobile area developed very different patterns of slavery compared to the British colonies.[30] As written, the Code Noir gave some rights to slaves, including the right to marry. Although it authorized and codified cruel corporal punishment against slaves under certain conditions, it forbade slave owners to torture slaves, to separate married couples (and to separate young children from their mothers). It required owners to instruct slaves in the Catholic faith, implying that Africans were human beings endowed with a soul. , an idea that had not been acknowledged until then.[31][32][33]

text: The Code Noir forbade interracial marriages, but interracial relationships were formed in La Louisiane from the earliest years. In New Orleans society particularly, a formal system of concubinage, known as plaçage, developed. Usually formed between young white men and African or African-American women, these relationships were formalized with contracts that sometimes provided for freedom for a woman and her children (if she was still enslaved), education for the mixed-race children of the union, and sometimes a property settlement. The free people of color became an intermediate social caste between the whites and the mass of enslaved blacks; many practice artisan trades, and some acquired educations and property.

text: Gradually in the English colonies, slavery became known as a racial caste that generally encompassed all people of African descent, even if mixed race. From the 17th century, Virginia defined all children born to enslaved mothers as born into slavery, regardless of their father's ancestry. Similarly, Virginia denied that converting a slave to Christianity was grounds for freedom. Even free people of color or mixed-race (known as mulattoes) were restricted in their rights, especially as colonies passed harsher laws after early slave revolts. During the centuries of slavery in the British colonies, many slaves were of mixed-race ancestry.[30][33]

text: Florida[edit]

text: The Spanish introduced slavery in Florida soon after they claimed it in 1513. Spanish settlement was sparse and they held comparatively few slaves.[34] But the Spanish promised freedom to refugee slaves from the English South Carolina and Georgia colonies, in order to destabilize English settlement. If the slaves converted to Catholicism and agreed to serve in a militia for Spain, they could become Spanish citizens. By 1730 the black settlement known as Fort Mose developed near St. Augustine and was later fortified. There were two known Fort Mose sites in the eighteenth century, and the men helped defend St. Augustine against the British. It is "the only known free black town in the present-day southern United States that a European colonial government sponsored.[35] The Fort Mose Site, today a National Historic Landmark, is the location of the second Fort Mose."[35] During the nineteenth century, this site became marsh and wetlands.

text: In 1763, Great Britain took over Florida in an exchange with Spain after defeating France in the Seven Years' War. Spain evacuated its citizens from St. Augustine, including the residents of Fort Mose, transporting them to Cuba. As Britain developed the colony for plantation agriculture, the percentage of slaves in the population rose from 18% in twenty years to almost 65% by 1783.[36]

text: The development of slavery in 17th-century America[edit]

text: The barriers of slavery hardened in the Second half of the 17th century, and imported Africans' prospects grew increasingly dim. By 1640, the Virginia courts had sentenced at least one black servant, John Punch, to slavery.[37] In 1656 Elizabeth Key won a suit for freedom based on her father's status as a free Englishman, and his having baptized her as Christian in the Church of England. In 1662 the Virginia House of Burgesses passed a law with the doctrine of partus, stating that any child born in the colony would follow the status of its mother, bond or free. This was an overturn of a longheld principle of English Common Law, whereby a child's status followed that of the father. It enabled slaveholders and other white men to hide the mixed-race children born of their rape of slave women and removed their responsibility to acknowledge, support, or emancipate the children.

text: During the second half of the 17th century, the British economy improved and the supply of British indentured servants declined, as poor Britons had better economic opportunities at home. At the same time, Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 led planters to worry about the prospective dangers of creating a large class of restless, landless, and relatively poor white men (most of them former indentured servants). Wealthy Virginia and Maryland planters began to buy slaves in preference to indentured servants during the 1660s and 1670s, and poorer planters followed suit by c.1700. (Slaves cost more than servants, so initially only the wealthy could invest in slaves.) The first British colonists in Carolina introduced African slavery into the colony in 1670, the year the colony was founded, and Charleston ultimately became the busiest slave port in North America. Slavery spread from the South Carolina Lowcountry first to Georgia, then across the Deep South as Virginia's influence had crossed the Appalachians to Kentucky and Tennessee. Northerners also purchased slaves, though on a much smaller scale. Enslaved people outnumbered free whites in South Carolina from the early 1700s to the Civil War. An authoritarian political culture evolved to prevent slave rebellion and justify white slave holding. Northern slaves typically dwelled in towns, rather than on plantations as in the South, and worked as artisans and artisans' assistants, sailors and longshoremen, and domestic servants.[38]

text: In 1672, King Charles II rechartered the Royal African Company (it had initially been set up in 1660), as an English monopoly for the African slave and commodities trade—thereafter in 1698, by statute, the English parliament opened the trade to all English subjects.[39] The slave trade to the mid-Atlantic colonies increased substantially in the 1680s, and by 1710 the African population in Virginia had increased to 23,100 (42% of total); Maryland contained 8,000 Africans (23% of total).[40] In the early 18th century, England passed Spain and Portugal to become the world's leading slave-trader.[39][41]

text: The North American royal colonies not only imported Africans but also captured Native Americans, impressing them into slavery. Many Native Americans were shipped as slaves to the Caribbean. Many of these slaves from the British colonies were able to escape by heading south, to the Spanish colony of Florida. There they were given their freedom, if they declared their allegiance to the King of Spain and accepted the Catholic Church. In 1739 Fort Mose was established by African American freedmen and became the northern defense post for St. Augustine. In 1740, English forces attacked and destroyed the fort, which was rebuilt in 1752. Because Fort Mose became a haven for escaped slaves from the English colonies to the north, it is considered a precursor site of the Underground Railroad.[42]

text: Curiously, chattel slavery developed in British North America before the legal apparatus that supported slavery did. During the late 17th century and early 18th century, harsh new slave codes limited the rights of African slaves and cut off their avenues to freedom. The first full-scale slave code in British North America was South Carolina's (1696), which was modeled on the colonial Barbados slave code of 1661 and was updated and expanded regularly throughout the 18th century.[43]

text: A 1691 Virginia law prohibited slaveholders from emancipating slaves unless they paid for the freedmen's transportation out of Virginia.[44] Virginia criminalized interracial marriage in 1691,[45] and subsequent laws abolished blacks' rights to vote, hold office, and bear arms.[44] Virginia's House of Burgesses established the basic legal framework for slavery in 1705.[46]

text: The Atlantic slave trade to North America[edit]

text: Only a fraction of the enslaved Africans brought to the New World ended up in British North America — perhaps 5-7%. The vast majority of slaves transported across the Atlantic Ocean were sent to the Caribbean sugar colonies, Brazil, or Spanish America. Throughout the Americas, but especially in the Caribbean, tropical disease took a large toll on their population and required large numbers of replacements. Many Africans had a limited natural immunity to yellow fever and malaria; but malnutrition, poor housing, inadequate clothing allowances, and overwork contributed to a high mortality rate.

text: In British North America the slave population rapidly increased via the birth rate, whereas in the Caribbean colonies they did not. The lack of proper nourishment, being suppressed sexually, and poor health are possible reasons. Of the small numbers of babies born to slaves in the Caribbean, only about 1/4 survived the miserable conditions on sugar plantations.

text: It was not only the major colonial powers of Western Europe such as France, England, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands that were involved. Other countries, including Sweden and Denmark, participated in the trans-Atlantic slave trade though on a much more limited scale.

text: Gender and slavery[edit]

text: "Depending upon their age and gender, slaves were assigned a particular task, or tasks, that had to be completed during the course of the day."[47] In certain settings, men would participate in the hard labor, such as working on the farm, while women would generally work in the household. They would "be sent out on errands, but in most cases their jobs required that they spend much of their time within their owner's household."[48] These gender distinctions were mainly applied in the Northern colonies and on larger plantations. In Southern colonies and smaller farms, however, women and men typically engaged in the same roles, both working in the tobacco crop fields for example.

text: Although slave women and men in some areas performed the same type of day-to-day work, "[t]he female slave...was faced with the prospect of being forced into sexual relationships for the purpose of reproduction."[49] This reproduction would either be forced between one African slave and another, or between the slave woman and the owner. Slave owners saw slave women in terms of prospective fertility. That way, the number of slaves on a plantation could multiply without having to purchase another African. Unlike the patriarchal society of white Anglo-American colonists, "slave families" were more matriarchal in practice. "Masters believed that slave mothers, like white women, had a natural bond with their children that therefore it was their responsibility-more so than that of slave fathers-to care for their offspring."[50] Therefore, women had the extra responsibility, on top of their other day-to-day work, to take care of children. Men, in turn, were often separated from their families. "At the same time that slaveholders promoted a strong bond between slave mother and their children, they denied to slave fathers their paternal rights of ownership and authority..."[50] Biological families were often separated by sale.

text: Indentured servitude[edit]

text: Some historians, notably Edmund Morgan, have suggested that indentured servitude provided a model for slavery in 17th-century Virginia. In practice, indentured servants were teenagers in England whose father sold their labor voluntarily for a period of time (typically four to seven years), in return for free passage to the colonies, room and board and clothes, and training in an occupation. After that they received cash, clothing, tools, and/or land, and became ordinary settlers.

text: Enslavement of Native Americans[edit]

text: Pre-contact indigenous peoples in the American southeast had practiced a form of slavery on people captured during warfare. Larger societies structured as chiefdoms kept slaves as unpaid field laborers, while in band societies the ownership of enslaved captives attested to their captor's military prowess.[51] Some war captives were also subjected to ritualized torture and execution.[52] Alan Gallay and other historians emphasize differences between Native American enslavement of war captives and the European slave trading system, into which numerous native peoples were integrated.[53] In North America, among the indigenous people, slavery was more a 'rite of passage' or system of assimilating outside individuals into groups rather than a property or ownership right. Richard White, in The Middle Ground elucidates the complex social relationships between American Indian groups and the early empires, including 'slave' culture and scalping.[54] Robbie Ethridge states, "Let there be no doubt…that the commercial trade in Indian slaves was not a continuation and adaptation of pre-existing captivity patterns. It was a new kind of slaving, requiring a new kind of occupational specialty…organized militaristic slavers."[55] One example of this militaristic slaving can be seen in Nathaniel Bacon's actions in Virginia during the late 1670s. In June 1676, the Virginia assembly granted Bacon and his men what equated to a slave-hunting license by providing that any enemy Indians caught were to be slaves for life. They also provided soldiers who had captured Indians with the right to "reteyne and keepe all such Indian slaves or other Indian goods as they either have taken or hereafter shall take."[56] By this order, the assembly had made a public decision to enslave Indians. In the years to follow, other laws resulted in Indians being grouped with other non-Christian servants who had imported to the colonies (Negro slaves) as slaves for life.

text: Puritan New England, Virginia, Spanish Florida, and the Carolina colonies engaged in large-scale enslavement of Native Americans, often through the use of Indian proxies to wage war and acquire the slaves. In New England, slave raiding accompanied the Pequot War and King Philip's War, but declined after the latter war ended in 1676. Enslaved Indians were in Jamestown from the early years of the settlement, but large-scale cooperation between English slavers and the Westo and Occaneechi peoples, whom they armed with guns, did not begin until the 1640s. These groups conducted enslaving raids in what is now Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and possible Alabama.[57] The Carolina slave trade, which included both trading and direct raids by colonists,[58] was the largest among the British colonies in North America,[59] estimated at 24,000 to 51,000 Indians by Gallay.[60]

text: Historian Ulrich Phillips argues that Africans were inculcated as slaves and the best answer to the labor shortage in the New World because American Indian slaves were more familiar with the environment, and would often successfully escape into the wilderness that African slaves had much more difficulty surviving in. Also, early colonial America depended heavily on the sugar trade, which led to malaria, a disease the Africans were far less susceptible to than Native American slaves.[61]

text: Slave rebellions[edit]

text: Colonial slave rebellions before 1776, or before 1801 for Louisiana, include:

text:
San Miguel de Gualdape (1526)
Gloucester County, Virginia Revolt (1663)[62]
New York Slave Revolt of 1712
Samba Rebellion (1731)
Stono Rebellion (1739)
New York Slave Insurrection of 1741
1791 Mina conspiracy
Pointe Coupée conspiracy (1794)

text: East Indian slaves[edit]

text: In the early 21st century, new research has revealed that small numbers of East Indians were brought to the colonies as enslaved laborers, during the period when both India and the colonies were under British control. As an example, an ad in the Virginia Gazette of Aug. 4, 1768, describes one young "East Indian" as "a well made fellow, about 5 feet 4 inches high" who had "a thin visage, a very sly look, and a remarkable set of fine white teeth." Another slave is identified as "an East India negro man" who speaks French and English.[63] Most of the Indian slaves were already converted to Christianity, were fluent in English, and took western names.[63] Their original names and homes will never be known. Their descendants have mostly merged with the African-American community, which also incorporated European ancestors. Today, descendants of such East Indian slaves may find a small percent of DNA from their Asiatic ancestors, as most of their ancestry is African-American.[citation needed]

text: Beginning of the anti-slavery movement[edit]

text: African and African American slaves expressed their opposition to slavery through armed uprisings such as the Stono Rebellion (1739) in South Carolina. More typically, they resisted through work slowdowns, tool-breaking, and running away, either for short periods or permanently. Until the Revolutionary era, almost no white American colonists spoke out against slavery. Even the Quakers generally tolerated slaveholding (and slave-trading) until the mid-18th century, although they emerged as vocal opponents of slavery in the Revolutionary era.

text: In 1688, four German Quakers in Germantown, a town outside Philadelphia, wrote a petition against the use of slaves by the English colonists in the nearby countryside. They presented the petition to their local Quaker Meeting, and the Meeting was sympathetic, but could not decide what the appropriate response should be. The Meeting passed the petition up the chain of authority to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, where it continued to be ignored. It was archived and forgotten for 150 years.

text: In 1844 the Quaker petition was rediscovered and became a focus of the burgeoning abolitionist movement. It was the first public American document of its kind to protest slavery.It was also one of the first public declarations of universal human rights. While the petition was forgotten for a time, the idea that every human has equal rights was regularly discussed in Philadelphia Quaker society through the eighteenth century. Slavery was officially sanctioned in 1776 by the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting.

text: During the Great Awakening of the late eighteenth century, Methodist and Baptist preachers toured in the South, trying to persuade planters to manumit their slaves on the basis of equality in God's eyes. They also accepted slaves as members and preachers of new chapels and churches. The first black churches (all Baptist) in what became the United States were founded by slaves and free blacks in Aiken County, South Carolina in 1773,[64] Petersburg, Virginia in 1774, and Savannah, Georgia in 1778, before the end of the Revolutionary War.[65][66]

text: Following the Revolution, the northern states all abolished slavery, with New Jersey acting last in 1804. In states that passed gradual abolition laws, such as New York and New Jersey, children born to slave mothers had to serve an extended period of indenture into young adulthood. In other cases, some slaves were reclassified as indentured servants, effectively maintaining slavery by another name.[67] These state jurisdictions enacted the first abolition laws in the entire New World.[68]

text: Often citing Revolutionary ideals, some slaveholders freed their slaves in the first two decades after independence, either outright or through their wills. The proportion of free blacks rose markedly in the Upper South in this period, before the invention of the cotton gin created a new demand for slaves in the developing "Cotton Kingdom" of the Deep South.

text: By 1808 (the first year allowed by the Constitution to intervene in the slave trade), all states (except South Carolina) had banned the international buying or selling of slaves. Acting on the advice of President Thomas Jefferson, who denounced the international trade as "violations of human rights which have been so long continued on the unoffending inhabitants of Africa, in which the morality, the reputation, and the best interests of our country have long been eager to proscribe", in 1807 Congress banned the international slave trade. However, the domestic slave trade continued.[69] It brought great wealth to the South, especially to New Orleans, which became the fourth largest city in the country, also based on the growth of its port. In the antebellum years, more than one million enslaved African Americans were transported from the Upper South to the developing Deep South, mostly in the slave trade. Cotton culture, dependent on slavery, formed the basis of new wealth in the Deep South.


document_title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)

question_text: who dies in harry potter and the half blood prince

root

text: Plot[edit]

text: Lord Voldemort is tightening his grip on both the wizarding and Muggle worlds, kidnapping Ollivander from Diagon Alley and destroying the Millennium Bridge. After the Malfoy family is disgraced when Lucius is apprehended and sent to Azkaban for his involvement with the Death Eaters, Voldemort chooses Draco to carry out a secret mission at Hogwarts. Bellatrix Lestrange and Narcissa Malfoy, Draco's mother, seek help from Severus Snape, who claims to have been acting as a mole within the Order of the Phoenix all along. Snape makes an Unbreakable Vow with Narcissa to protect Draco and fulfill the assignment if he fails.

tag: p

text: 16-year old Harry accompanies Albus Dumbledore from Surbiton to the village of Budleigh Babberton to visit former Potions professor Horace Slughorn. Professor Slughorn has been in hiding but agrees to return to teach at Hogwarts. Dumbledore then takes Harry to The Burrow, where Harry reunites with his best friends, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. When the three go visit Fred and George Weasley's new joke shop at Diagon Alley, they see Draco entering Knockturn Alley with a group of Death Eaters including Fenrir Greyback. Harry believes Voldemort has made Draco a Death Eater, but Ron and Hermione are skeptical. On the Hogwarts Express, Harry hides in the Slytherin carriage using his Invisibility Cloak. Harry is spotted by Malfoy, who petrifies him and breaks his nose. Harry is found and saved by Luna Lovegood.

text: At Hogwarts, Harry and Ron borrow textbooks for Slughorn's Potions class, and Harry is stuck with a copy that turns out to be filled with helpful notes and spells left by the "Half-Blood Prince". Harry uses the book to excel in the class and impresses Slughorn, winning a vial of Liquid Luck. Ron becomes Keeper of the Gryffindor Quidditch team and forms a romantic relationship with Lavender Brown, upsetting Hermione. Harry consoles Hermione and reveals that he now has feelings for Ron's younger sister, Ginny Weasley.

text: Harry spends the Christmas holidays with the Weasleys. On Christmas Eve, Harry discusses his suspicions about Draco to the Order of the Phoenix. Harry's suspicions are dismissed by the Order, but later on Arthur Weasley tells Harry privately that the Malfoys may have been interested in a Vanishing Cabinet. Bellatrix and Greyback attack the Burrow and burn it down, drawing Harry into a battle before the Order arrive and fight them off. At Hogwarts, Dumbledore reveals to Harry that Slughorn possesses a memory of Voldemort that Dumbledore needs desperately. Slughorn gave Dumbledore the memory, but it was an altered version that made it appear that Slughorn didn't know anything. Dumbledore shows Harry the altered memory and asks him to confront Slughorn and retrieve the real one, but when Harry brings it up Slughorn gets angry and refuses to talk any more about it. After Ron accidentally ingests a love potion, Harry brings him to Slughorn for a cure and to smooth over their argument from earlier. After curing Ron, the trio celebrate with mead that Slughorn had intended to gift to Dumbledore. The mead poisons Ron, and Harry is forced to save his life after Slughorn hesitates. Ron murmurs Hermione's name while recovering in the infirmary, causing Lavender to end their relationship. Harry confronts Draco about the poisoned mead and a cursed necklace, and the two duel. Harry uses a curse from the Half-Blood Prince's potion book to severely injure Malfoy, who is rescued and healed by Professor Snape. Fearing the potion book may be filled with more Dark Magic, Ginny and Harry hide it in the Room of Requirement and share their first kiss.

text: Harry decides to use his Liquid Luck potion to convince Slughorn to give up the memory Dumbledore needs. Harry views the memory with Dumbledore and learns that Voldemort wanted information for creating Horcruxes, magical objects that could contain pieces of a wizard's soul and save them from death. Dumbledore concludes that Voldemort successfully created seven Horcruxes, two of which have already been destroyed: Tom Riddle's diary and Marvolo Gaunt's ring. Harry and Dumbledore travel to a seaside cave where Harry aids Dumbledore in drinking a potion that hides another Horcrux, Slytherin's locket. A weakened Dumbledore defends them from Inferi and apparates back to Hogwarts. Bellatrix, Greyback, and more Death Eaters enter Hogwarts with Draco's help through the vanishing cabinet in the Room of Requirement that Draco managed to connect to the one he had been working on in Knockturn Alley.

text: Dumbledore instructs Harry to hide and not to interfere no matter what happens. Draco arrives and disarms Dumbledore revealing that he has been chosen by Voldemort to kill the headmaster. When Draco is unable to bring himself to do it, Snape casts the killing curse instead. Harry confronts and attacks Snape, but Snape overpowers him, and reveals himself as the Half-Blood Prince before escaping. Harry returns to Hogwarts, where the students, staff, and a few guests mourn Dumbledore's death. Harry later reveals to Ron and Hermione that the locket Horcrux was a fake. The locket contains a message from "R.A.B.", stating that he has stolen the real Horcrux with the intent of destroying it. Rather than returning for their final year at Hogwarts, the three decide to hold out, and track down the remaining Horcruxes.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter
Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, one of Harry's two best friends.
Emma Watson as Hermione Granger, one of Harry's two best friends.
Michael Gambon as Albus Dumbledore, the headmaster of Hogwarts.
Helena Bonham Carter as Bellatrix Lestrange, one of Voldemort's principal Death Eaters and Draco Malfoy's aunt.
Jim Broadbent as Horace Slughorn, the newly appointed Potions master who held the position before.
Robbie Coltrane as Rubeus Hagrid, the Hogwarts gamekeeper and Care of Magical Creatures teacher at Hogwarts.
Warwick Davis as Filius Flitwick, the Charms master and head of Ravenclaw.
Tom Felton as Draco Malfoy, Harry's rival and recipient of Voldemort's secret mission.
Alan Rickman as Severus Snape, the former Potions master, current Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher and head of Slytherin.
Maggie Smith as Minerva McGonagall, the Hogwarts Transfiguration teacher, deputy headmistress and head of Gryffindor.
Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew, the Death Eater who betrayed Harry's parents to Voldemort. Pettigrew has no lines in this film, but appears as a servant at Snape's house.
David Thewlis as Remus Lupin, a member of the Order of the Phoenix and Harry's ex-Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher.
Julie Walters as Molly Weasley, the Weasley matriarch and a mother figure to Harry.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Before David Yates was officially chosen to direct the film, many directors had expressed an interest in taking the helm. Alfonso Cuarón, the director of the third film, stated he "would love to have the opportunity" to return.[12] Goblet of Fire director Mike Newell declined a spot to direct the fifth film, and was not approached for this one.[13] Guillermo del Toro turned down the chance to direct the film in order to direct Hellboy II: The Golden Army.[citation needed] Terry Gilliam was Rowling's personal choice to direct Philosopher's Stone. When asked whether he would consider directing a later film, Gilliam said, "Warner Bros. had their chance the first time around, and they blew it."[14]

text: In an interview with Dark Horizons, Yates said that "I was still working on Order of the Phoenix when they asked me to do Half-Blood Prince. So they were really delighted with the material that they were seeing while we were in post-production, and the conversations happened before the movie was released, because I had to start pre-production on it while Order of the Phoenix was being promoted. It was just something they see in the work that they really liked, and responded to."[15] Yates described Half-Blood Prince as being "a cross between the chills of Prisoner of Azkaban and the fantastical adventure of Goblet of Fire."[16]

text: Emma Watson considered not returning for the film,[17] but eventually decided that, "the pluses outweighed the minuses," and could not bear to see anyone else play Hermione. Composer Nicholas Hooper returned from the last film; he included a reworking of John Williams's Hedwig's Theme, which has recurred in all scores. Also maintained were costume designer Jany Temime, visual effects supervisor Tim Burke, creature and make-up effects designer Nick Dudman, and special effects supervisor John Richardson from the third film.[18]

text: Yates and Heyman have noted that some of the events of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows influenced the script of Half-Blood Prince.[19]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Christian Coulson, who played the young Tom Riddle in Chamber of Secrets, expressed an interest in returning in the role for flashback sequences;[20] Yates responded that Coulson was too old, nearing 30, to be playing the role.[21] Jamie Campbell Bower, who appeared in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, previously noted that he had his "fingers crossed" he would be cast as a young Riddle.[22] (Bower was, however, later cast as the teenage Gellert Grindelwald in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1.) Thomas James Longley was the original choice to take on the role but Riddle was ultimately played by Hero Fiennes-Tiffin as a child and Frank Dillane as a teenager.[23][24]

text: Helen McCrory appears as Narcissa Malfoy, Draco's mother and younger sister of Bellatrix. McCrory was originally cast as Bellatrix in Order of the Phoenix, but had to drop out due to pregnancy.[25] Naomi Watts was previously reported as having accepted the role,[26] only for it to be denied by her agency.[27]

text: Both Clémence Poésy, who has played Fleur Delacour, and Chris Rankin, who has played Percy Weasley, were interested in returning, but did not appear in the film.[28][29] After Bill Nighy expressed an interest in appearing,[30] Yates confirmed that Nighy would be his first choice for the role of Minister for Magic Rufus Scrimgeour.[31] Scrimgeour's character was ultimately cut from the film, but Nighy appeared in his role in Deathly Hallows.[32]

text: Sets[edit]

text: Stuart Craig, the production designer of the first five films, stayed on to design all the sets in Half-Blood Prince.[33] Several new sets are introduced, including Tom Riddle's Orphanage, Astronomy Tower and the Cave. Craig noted that the film used several CGI sets, noticeably the interior of the Cave where Harry and Dumbledore both go to hunt Horcruxes. The exterior of the cave scene was filmed at the Cliffs of Moher in the west of Ireland, the only location to be filmed outside of the United Kingdom throughout the film series. The interior of the cave is made up of geometric crystal formations. Craig noted "Apart from the point at which Harry and Dumbledore first arrive and the island formation on which everything inside the cave happens, the set is entirely virtual, designed in the computer. We'd had our first totally virtual set on the last film, so we approached this one with a bit more confidence."[34]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Before filming began, there was belief that filming might move from the UK, where all previous films were shot. The crew also scouted around Cape Wrath in Scotland, for use in the cave scene.[35] Filming returned to Glen Coe and Glenfinnan, both which have appeared in the previous films, to preserve the continuity of the landscape.[36]

text: Following a week of rehearsals, principal photography began on 24 September 2007 and ended on 17 May 2008.[37] Though Radcliffe, Gambon and Broadbent started shooting in late September 2007, some other cast members started much later: Grint did not begin until November 2007, Watson did not begin until December 2007, Rickman until January 2008, and Bonham Carter until February 2008.[38][39]

text: On the weekend of 6 October 2007, the crew shot scenes involving the Hogwarts Express in the misty and dewy environment of Fort William, Scotland.[36] A series of night scenes were filmed in the village of Lacock and the cloisters at Lacock Abbey for three nights starting 25 October 2007. Filming took place from 5 pm to 5 am daily, and residents of the street were asked to black out their windows with dark blinds.[40][41][42] On set reports indicated that the main scene filmed was Harry and Dumbledore's visit to Slughorn's house.[42] Further filming took place in Surbiton railway station in October 2007,[43] Gloucester Cathedral, where the first and second films were shot, in February 2008,[44][45] and at the Millennium Bridge in London in March 2008.[46]

text: Cinematography[edit]

text: Due to cinematographer Bruno Delbonnel's use of de-focussing and soft wipes in the digital grade, Warner Bros. asked director David Yates to add more colours to the film. Yates didn't want to lose the "very European look" of the film, but after retouching the picture, he said, "It's not what you wanted, but we're happy with it." After five minutes of watching the film, the studio were pleased with the changes.[47][48] In an interview with Total Film, Yates said that "the choice of angles, the extreme close-ups, [and] the pacing of the scenes" made the film "incredibly rich".[49] The palette and lighting was heavily inspired by the Dutch painter Rembrandt.[50] Half-Blood Prince is the only film in the series to be nominated for the Best Cinematography accolade at the Academy Awards.[10]

text: One of the major challenges for Delbonnel was lighting the film. In an interview with the Academy, he said, "Some of the sets are there since the very first Potter. How could I light them in a different way? This question brought another one based on the series itself… I thought it would be interesting to have those very intimate stories amidst this very dark mood. As if the school was a dark character. That's when I suggested to go for this (again) dark moody variations of greys. Fortunately David Yates, and the producers liked the idea." In reference to the cave scene Delbonnel said, "I wanted to have some kind of 'dynamism' with the light. I thought it could be interesting and more dramatic if the light was floating, circling above the characters faces: sometimes lighting them, sometimes hiding them in a very random and unpredictable way."[51]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: Tim Burke and Tim Alexander were the visual effects supervisors for the film. Tim Alexander said that completing the Inferi-attack scene took several months. He said, "It's certainly much bolder and scarier than we imagined that they'd ever go in a 'Potter' movie. Director David Yates was cautious of not making this into a zombie movie, so we were constantly trying to figure out how not to make these dead people coming up look like zombies. A lot of it came down to their movement – they don't move fast, but they don't move really slow or groan and moan. We ended up going with a very realistic style." He also noted that Inferi are skinnier than zombies, waterlogged and grey.[52]

text: About Dumbledore's ring of fire, he noted that the effect would look as if someone sprayed propane and then lit it. He added, "We did a lot of research on molten volcanoes, which have a lot of heat going on but no actual flames, and collected a bunch of other references, including flares that burn underwater, and showed them to the Potter folks." The visual effects team emulated these six fire parameters: heat ripples, smoke, buoyancy, viscosity, opacity, and brightness. Since the whole fire scene was very time consuming, computer graphics artist Chris Horvath spent eight months finding a faster way to conjure flames.[53][54]

text: The opening scenes of the Death Eaters' attack on Diagon Alley and London was created by Double Negative, led by VFX Supervisor Paul Franklin. Double Negative spent six months surveying and documenting the environment around the River Thames and Trafalgar Square to create the swooping views of the city. Double Negative also contributed the Pensieve sequences, developing complex directed fluid simulations to realise the swirling world of memory and the past.[55]

text: Music[edit]

text: The film's score was composed by Nicholas Hooper, who also composed the music for Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. The soundtrack was released on an Audio CD format on 14 July 2009, a day before the film was released in cinemas.[56]

text: The album debuted at number twenty-nine on the Billboard 200 chart, thus making it the highest-charting soundtrack among all the six movie soundtracks released.[57] It was nominated for the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.[58]

text: Differences from the book[edit]

text: While at the middle of the series in length, the film Half-Blood Prince did add or change events in the literary canon. The book begins with a scene involving the Muggle Prime Minister. Yates and his crew debated over this scene, as well as the character Rufus Scrimgeour, but gave up the beginning of the movie to events described but not seen in the book.[59] Yates thought it would give the audience a feel for what the Death Eaters were doing if they showed the collapse of the Millennium Bridge rather than simply describe it[60] (as was done with the Brockdale Bridge in the book). As with Goblet of Fire, the Dursleys were cut, which Steve Kloves did to "break the pattern".[59] Further background of Tom Riddle was removed, such as the Gaunts because they felt it more important to concentrate on Riddle as a young boy, and an additional action scene at the Burrow was added to keep with the tone of the franchise.[59] Yates felt that they needed "an injection of jeopardy and danger" and that without it there was too much comedy and lightness.[61] A small battle scene at Hogwarts which happened during the end of the book was cut; Heyman commented that it was removed to "[avoid] repetition" with the forthcoming adaptation of the Battle of Hogwarts in Deathly Hallows.[59] Dumbledore's funeral was removed as it was believed it did not fit with the rest of the film.[62]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Warner Bros. has spent an estimated $155 million to market and distribute the film.[63] The special-edition two-disc DVD for Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix contained two sneak peeks of the film,[64][65] while the US edition included an additional clip.[66] A 15-second teaser for the film was shown alongside the IMAX release of The Dark Knight.[67] The first full-length US teaser trailer was released on 29 July on AOL's Moviefone website.[68] An international teaser was released on 26 October[69] and another teaser trailer was released. The US theatrical trailer was released on 14 November.[70] Another trailer was screened on the Japanese TV station Fuji TV during a screening of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire on 18 January 2009.[71][72] Scenes from the film were aired during ABC Family's Harry Potter marathon which took place 5–7 December 2008.[73] On 5 February 2009, the first three promotional teaser posters were released, featuring Dumbledore and Harry.[74] On 5 March and 16 April 2009, new trailers were released by Warner Bros.[75]

text: Warner Bros and MSN ran an online Order of the Phoenix quiz, with the prize being a walk-on part in the Half-Blood Prince.[76] As with the previous films, EA Games produced a video game based on the film.[77] On 10 March 2009, it was announced that there would be a video game soundtrack, which was released on 17 March 2009.[78] On 27 March six character posters were released: Harry, Dumbledore, Ron, Hermione, Draco and Professor Snape.[79] An English version of the international trailer and a Japanese version of the international trailer were released online 10 April.[80] On 8 May, CW Channel aired a 30-second TV spot, which focused on the romantic side of the film.[81] On 20 May, first clip from the film was released through The Ellen DeGeneres Show's official website, showing love-struck Ron.[82] Another clip of the film, showing Dumbledore visiting Tom Riddle's Orphanage was released on 31 May 2009, at MTV Awards.[83]

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: The film was released in the United Kingdom, United States, France, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Canada, Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand, India, Brazil, Spain and Mexico on 15 July 2009.[84] It was originally set to be released on 21 November 2008,[85] but was pushed back by eight months to 17 July, despite being completed. Warner Bros. executive Alan F. Horn noted that the move was meant "to guarantee the studio a major summer blockbuster in 2009," with other films being delayed due to the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[86] The box-office success of summer WB films Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and The Dark Knight also motivated the decision.[87] An unnamed rival studio executive told Entertainment Weekly that the move was to "stop next year's profits from looking seriously underwhelming after the phenomenal success of The Dark Knight," as "they don't need the money this year anymore."[88] Dan Fellman, WB head of distribution, said that the studio had considered the date change for three to four weeks prior to the announcement, but gave it serious consideration a week before they came to their final decision.[89] Three months before its release in July, the date was again changed by 2 days from 17 to 15 July, so it could open on a Wednesday like most tentpole summer movies.[90]

text: The date change was met with a heavily negative reaction by Harry Potter fans, as the Los Angeles Times noted: "Petitions were circulating, rumors were flying and angry screeds were being posted on Internet sites within minutes of the Thursday announcement."[87] The move was mocked by Entertainment Weekly which had Half-Blood Prince on the cover on its "Fall Preview Issue". Despite each being owned by Time Warner Inc., EW was unaware of the change until it was publicly announced by WB and noted that readers would now be in possession of a "Dewey Defeats Truman collectible".[88] Several days after the announcement, Horn released a statement in response to the "large amount of disappointment" expressed by fans of the series.[91] Following the date change, Half-Blood Prince's release slot was taken by Summit Entertainment's Twilight[92] and Walt Disney Pictures' Bolt.[93]

text: The sixth film was simultaneously released in regular cinemas and IMAX 3D everywhere but the United States, due to a conflicting agreement in which Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen was given a four-week window by itself in IMAX in that country. Therefore, the IMAX 3D version of the film was released on 29 July 2009 there.[94] The film's opening sequence featuring the destruction of the Millennium Bridge was in 3D.[95] The film had been chosen to be screened at the 2008 Royal Film Performance on 17 November,[96] but was not shown. Cinema and Television Benevolent Fund chief executive Peter Hore noted he was "very disappointed" with Warner Bros' decision.[86]

text: Advance ticket sales on Fandango.com for Half-Blood Prince surpassed advance ticket sales for Transformers 2 at the same point in sale cycles. It is also in MovieTickets.com's top 25 advance sellers of all time.[97]

text: Running 153 minutes (2 hours 33 minutes and 19 seconds) long,[98] Half-Blood Prince is the third-longest film in the series, behind Chamber of Secrets (161 minutes)[99] and Goblet of Fire (157 minutes).[100]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Like the previous films, a 1-disc and 2-disc special edition for the film was released on Blu-ray with a Digital Copy and DVD on 7 December 2009 in the United Kingdom,[101] and 8 December 2009 in the United States.[102] The Blu-ray and DVD includes an 11-minute, 38-second feature on the new Wizarding World of Harry Potter mini theme park[103] which opened on 18 June 2010 at Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida. Also included are deleted scenes comprising 8 scenes with a running length of 6 minutes and 31 seconds,[104] and a sneak peek of the next Harry Potter movie, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010).[105] The Blu-ray and DVD released in India,[106] the Philippines, South Africa, Czech Republic and Israel on 16 November 2009, making them the first countries to get the Half Blood Prince DVD release before the UK and the US. The release date for Australia and New Zealand was 18 November and for Brazil[107] and Chile, 19 November. The Blu-ray and two-disc DVD editions in North America includes a digital copy of the film.[102] In the United Kingdom, the DVD release became the fastest-selling DVD of the year with an estimated 840,000 copies of the film sold in a few hours.[108] In the US, the DVD made a strong debut at number one in both the DVD and Blu-ray markets widely beating out any competition with sales of 4,199,622 copies. Worldwide DVD and Blu-ray sales of the film show that it is the fastest-selling film of 2009.[109]

text: On 14 June 2011, an Ultimate Edition was released simultaneously with the Ultimate Edition of the Order of the Phoenix film on both Blu-ray and DVD, containing new bonus features, documentaries and collectables.[110]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince broke the then-record for biggest midnight showings, making $22.8 million in 3,000 cinemas; The Twilight Saga: New Moon bested this with $26.3 million. Half-Blood Prince opened in the same Wednesday slot that Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix did in 2007, which grossed $12 million in midnight runs, on its way to $139.7 million in its five-day debut in the US.[111] The film's box office run was over on 17 December 2009.[112]

text: The film opened in 4,325 cinemas (rising to 4,455 three weeks later, becoming the largest number of cinemas until The Twilight Saga: Eclipse surpassed it with the 4,468 cinemas)[113] and grossed $58.2 million on its opening day at the top of the United States and Canadian box office, the third-highest Wednesday opening of all time behind Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. It is also the nineteenth-highest single-day gross of all time and the third-highest for a film in the Harry Potter franchise behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2's $91.1 million[114] and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, which made $61.1 million.[115] It earned an additional $46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $104 million, breaking the record for highest single-day worldwide gross, previously held by The Dark Knight.[116] By 20 July, the film had taken in $158.7 million in the US and $236 million from 85 other markets, for a worldwide tally of $394.7 million.[117] This broke the record for biggest-ever worldwide five-day opening, surpassing Spider-Man 3's $381 million; this makes the film the fastest to reach the $350 million mark in worldwide box office of all time. In the US, it surpassed all of its predecessors by a wide margin, achieving the sixth-largest-ever five-day opening in that country.[118] The film held this record for two years until it was topped by Deathly Hallows – Part 2 ($483.2 million).[119] In the UK, the film grossed £19.75 million (equivalent to about $38.13 million), the highest opening for both the series and releases of 2009.[120] At the end of the film's US and Canadian box office run the total ticket sales of the film were $302 million,[2] making it the third most successful film in the franchise, after Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 and Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone,[121] as well as the third-highest-grossing film of 2009 in these regions behind Avatar and Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen.[122] As with all of the previous films in the franchise, Half-Blood Prince proved to be extremely successful globally with an estimated non-US total gross of $632.5 million, totalling approximately $934.4 million worldwide,[2] making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2009, behind Avatar, and the 34th-highest-grossing film of all time, unadjusted for inflation. It is the fifth-highest-grossing film in the franchise, behind Philosopher's Stone, both parts of Deathly Hallows, and Order of the Phoenix.[6]

text: In South Africa the film opened with the number one position grossing $789,176,[123] it maintained a number one position during the second week, too, with a total of $242,336.[124] In Australia, as in most of the world, the film broke records with a debut of $11,492,142 and opening at number one, maintaining a second week at number one with a total of $5,278,096 (down 54%), and grossed a total of $24,208,243.[125] In France the film debuted at $20,541,239 from 949 cinemas.[126]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 84% based on 268 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Dark, thrilling, and occasionally quite funny, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is also visually stunning and emotionally satisfying."[127] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating to reviews, the film has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favourable" reviews.[128] The film scored an 87 from professional critics at the Broadcast Film Critics Association; it is the first Harry Potter film to receive a Critic's Choice certificate.[129] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[130]

text: The first review of the film came three weeks before the official release. Paul Dergarabedian of Hollywood.com ranked the film with The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and called the film a "possible Oscar contender". He highly praised the performance of Sir Michael Gambon, Alan Rickman and Daniel Radcliffe. He commented, "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a tour-de-force that combines style and substance, special effects and heart and most importantly great performances from all of the actors young and not-so-young".[131] Another early review came from the UK tabloid The Sun, whose anonymous reviewer called the film "masterful" and "very emotional". The reviewer praised David Yates's directing and called Jim Broadbent's portrayal of Horace Slughorn "perfect".[132] Devin Faraci of Chud.com called the film not only the best Harry Potter film yet, but also one of the best films of the year.[133]

text: Andrew Pulver of The Guardian wrote a positive review, and gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars rating.[134] Todd McCarthy of the trade magazine Variety said that the film is "dazzlingly well made" and "less fanciful than the previous entries". He praised Alan Rickman's performance and he described Helena Bonham Carter as "mesmerising" and Jim Broadbent as a "grand eccentric old professor".[135] BBC News's Tim Masters praised the film's cinematography, visual effects, production design, improved acting and darker plotline.[136] The Hollywood Reporter's Kirk Honeycutt noted that the film's first half is "jerky and explosive", but in the second half, the film finds better footing. He adds, "Composer Nicholas Hooper, cinematographer Bruno Delbonnel and designer Stuart Craig deliver a singularly muscular and vigorous chapter".[137] Screen Daily called the film "[s]tunningly shot by Bruno Delbonnel in metallic hues leavened by buttery tones and the thumping beats of Nicholas Hooper's score bear little resemblance to the original and the overall effect is much less tween, much more grown-up".[138]

text: Chris Tilly of IGN UK commented on the length of the film, saying "while on occasion it drags, the 153-minute run-time never feels too long, thanks in no small part to the astonishing visuals and (largely) marvellous performances," and goes on to say, "This is by far the best-looking of the Potter films thus far," commending the "beautiful" Quidditch match and the "stunning" finale.[139] However, Dave Golder of SFX magazine found some aspects of the film to be a disappointment, largely due to the large number of opportunities the director and screenwriter had sacrificed to devote "huge swathes of the film to subplots of Harry and his chums' teenage romances," but nevertheless found the film to be a large enjoyment, praising the performances of Jim Broadbent and Alan Rickman.[140]

text: David Stratton, of Margaret and David at the Movies, gave the film a 2.5 out of a possible 5 stars, remarking, "For non-readers [of the Harry Potter series] the films are now borderline incomprehensible", and that the film was "a little tedious" and "generally less interesting visually than its predecessors." He praised the cast, describing them as "consummate", adding Sir Michael Gambon "really makes Dumbledore an imposing character" and Jim Broadbent was "wonderful". Margaret Pomeranz, the co-host of the television show, gave the film 3 out of 5 stars.[141]

text: At the time of its release, Rowling stated that Half-Blood Prince was her "favourite one" of the six film adaptations.[61]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was nominated for BAFTA Awards in Production Design and Visual Effects,[11] and was in the longlists for five other categories, including Best Supporting Actor for Alan Rickman.[142] Bruno Delbonnel was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography at the 82nd Academy Awards.[10] The film was also one of the final seven contenders for Best Visual Effects.[143]

text:
[show]List of awards and nominations

Award
Category
Result
Recipient
Source

82nd Academy Awards
Best Cinematography
Nominated
Bruno Delbonnel
[10]

Art Directors Guild Award
Excellence in Production Design For a Feature Film
Nominated
Stuart Craig
[144]

63rd BAFTA Awards
Best Production Design
Nominated
Stuart Craig
Stephenie McMillan
[11]

Best Special Visual Effects
Nominated
John Richardson
Tim Burke
Tim Alexander
Nicolas Aithadi

BAFTA Britannia Awards
Artistic Excellence in Directing
Won
David Yates (for Harry Potter films 5–8)
[145]

BAFTA Kids' Vote
Best Film
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[146]

Digital Spy Movie Award
Best Family Film
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[147]

Golden Reel Award
Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR in a Foreign Feature Film
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[148]

Grammy Award
Best Score Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture
Nominated
Nicholas Hooper
[58]

IFTA Award
Best Supporting Actor
Nominated
Michael Gambon
[149]

IGN
Best Fantasy Movie
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[150]

MTV Movie Awards
Best Movie
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[151]

Best Female Performance
Nominated
Emma Watson

Best Male Performance
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe

Best Villain
Won
Tom Felton

Best Global Superstar
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe

National Movie Awards
Best Family Movie
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[152]

Best Performance
Nominated
Rupert Grint

Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe

Nominated
Emma Watson

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[153]

Favourite Franchise
Nominated
Harry Potter

Best On-Screen Team
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, and Emma Watson

Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards
Best Live Action Family Film
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[154]

RAAM Awards
Film of the Year
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[155]

RAFA Awards
Alan Titchmarsh Show British Film of the Year Award
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[156]

Classic FM Film Music of the Year Award
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Best Use of UK Locations in a Film
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Film of the Year sponsored by The List
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Satellite Awards
Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[157]

Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Film
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[158]

Best Costume
Nominated
Jany Temime

Best Production Design
Nominated
Stuart Craig

Best Special Effects
Nominated
Tim Burke
John Richardson
Nicholas Aithadi
Tim Alexander

Scream Award
Best Fantasy Film
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[159]

Best Fantasy Actress
Nominated
Emma Watson

Best Fantasy Actor
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe

Best Supporting Actor
Nominated
Rupert Grint

Best Supporting Actress
Nominated
Evanna Lynch

Best Villain
Nominated
Helena Bonham Carter

Best F/X
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Best Sequel
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Holy Shit! Scene of the Year
Won
"Death Eaters Attack London" Scene

Best Ensemble
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

SFX Awards
Best Film
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[160]

Switch Live Award
Favourite Flick
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[161]

2009 Teen Choice Awards
Choice Summer Movie: Action Adventure
Won
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[162]

2010 Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Fantasy
Nominated
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
[163]

Choice Movie Actress: Fantasy
Nominated
Emma Watson
[163]

VES Awards
Outstanding Matte Paintings in a Feature Motion Picture
Nominated
David Basalla
Emily Cobb
Tania Richard
[164]

Young Artist Award
Best Supporting Actress
Nominated
Evanna Lynch
[165]

tag: table


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career blocks leaders

question_text: who has the most blocks in the nba

question_tokens: who has the most blocks in the nba

text: Blocked Shots Leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season leaders in blocking shots.[2]

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration [3]

text:
Rank
Player
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[4]
Total blocks
Games played[5]
Blocks per game
average[6]

1
Hakeem Olajuwon*[7]
C
Houston Rockets (1984–2001)
Toronto Raptors (2001–2002)
3,830
1,238
3.09

2
Dikembe Mutombo*
C
Denver Nuggets (1991–1996)
Atlanta Hawks (1996–2001)
Philadelphia 76ers (2001–2002)
New Jersey Nets (2002–2003)
New York Knicks (2003–2004)
Houston Rockets (2004–2009)
3,289
1,196
2.75

3
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*[8]
C
Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1973)[9]
Milwaukee Bucks (1973–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)
3,189
1,239
2.57

4
Mark Eaton
C
Utah Jazz (1982–1993)
3,064
875
3.50

5
Tim Duncan†
PF/C
San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)
3,020
1,392
2.17

6
David Robinson*
C
San Antonio Spurs (1989–2003)
2,954
987
2.99

7
Patrick Ewing*
C
New York Knicks (1985–2000)
Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Orlando Magic (2001–2002)
2,894
1,183
2.45

8
Shaquille O'Neal*
C
Orlando Magic (1992–1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)
Miami Heat (2004–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2011)
2,732
1,207
2.26

9
Tree Rollins
C
Atlanta Hawks (1977–1988)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1988–1990)
Detroit Pistons (1990–1991)
Houston Rockets (1991–1993)
Orlando Magic (1993–1995)
2,542
1,156
2.20

10
Robert Parish*
C
Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)
2,361
1,611
1.47

11
Alonzo Mourning*
C
Charlotte Hornets (1992–1995)
Miami Heat (1995–2002, 2004–2007)
New Jersey Nets (2003–2004)
2,356
838
2.81

12
Marcus Camby
C
Toronto Raptors (1996–1998)
New York Knicks (1999–2002, 2012–2013)
Denver Nuggets (2003–2008)
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2010)
Portland Trail Blazers (2010–2012)
Houston Rockets (2012)
2,331
973
2.40

13
Ben Wallace
C/PF
Washington Bullets/Wizards (1996–1999)
Orlando Magic (1999–2000)
Detroit Pistons (2000–2006, 2009–2012)
Chicago Bulls (2006–2008)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2008–2009)
2,137
1,088
1.96

14
Shawn Bradley
C
Philadelphia 76ers (1993–1995)
New Jersey Nets (1995–1997)
Dallas Mavericks (1997–2005)
2,119
832
2.55

15
Manute Bol
C
Washington Bullets (1985–1988, 1994)
Golden State Warriors (1988–1990, 1994)
Philadelphia 76ers (1990–1993, 1994)
Miami Heat (1993–1994)
2,086
624
3.34

16
George T. Johnson
C
Golden State Warriors (1972–1973)[9]
Golden State Warriors (1973–1977)
Buffalo Braves (1977)
New Jersey Nets (1977–1980, 1984–1985)
San Antonio Spurs (1980–1982)
Atlanta Hawks (1982–1983)
Seattle SuperSonics (1985–1986)
2,082
848
2.46

17
Dwight Howard^
C
Orlando Magic (2004–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)
Houston Rockets (2013–2016)
Atlanta Hawks (2016–2017)
Charlotte Hornets (2017–present)
2,047
1,035
1.98

18
Kevin Garnett†
PF/C
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)
2,037
1,462
1.39

19
Larry Nance
PF
Phoenix Suns (1981–1988)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1988–1994)
2,027
920
2.20

20
Theo Ratliff
C
Detroit Pistons (1995–1997, 2008)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997–2001, 2008–2009)
Atlanta Hawks (2001–2004)
Portland Trail Blazers (2004–2006)
Boston Celtics (2006–2007)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2007–2008)
San Antonio Spurs (2009–2010)
Charlotte Bobcats (2010)
Los Angeles Lakers (2010–2011)
1,968
810
2.43

21
Pau Gasol^
C/PF
Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)
Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)
Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016–present)
1,926
1,196
1.61

22
Elton Brand†
PF/C
Chicago Bulls (1999–2001)
Los Angeles Clippers (2001–2008)
Philadelphia 76ers (2008–2012, 2016)
Dallas Mavericks (2012–2013)
Atlanta Hawks (2013–2015)
1,828
1,058
1.73

23
Jermaine O'Neal
C/PF
Portland Trail Blazers (1996–2000)
Indiana Pacers (2000–2008)
Toronto Raptors (2008–2009)
Miami Heat (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2012)
Phoenix Suns (2012–2013)
Golden State Warriors (2013–2014)
1,820
1,011
1.80

24
Elvin Hayes*
PF/C
San Diego/Houston Rockets (1968 –1972)[9]
Baltimore Bullets (1972–1973)[9]
Capital/Washington Bullets (1973–1981)
Houston Rockets (1981–1984)
1,771
894
1.98

25
Artis Gilmore*
C
Chicago Bulls (1976–1982)
San Antonio Spurs (1982–1987)
Chicago Bulls (1987)
Boston Celtics (1988)
1,747
909
1.92

26
Moses Malone*
C
Buffalo Braves (1976)
Houston Rockets (1976–1982)
Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)
Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)
1,733
1,329
1.30

27
Josh Smith^
PF/SF
Atlanta Hawks (2004–2013)
Detroit Pistons (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2015, 2016)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2016)
New Orleans Pelicans (2017)
1,713
894
1.92

28
Kevin McHale*
PF
Boston Celtics (1980–1993)
1,690
972
1.74

29
Vlade Divac
C
Los Angeles Lakers (1989–1996, 2004–2005)
Charlotte Hornets (1996–1998)
Sacramento Kings (1998–2004)
1,631
1,134
1.44

30
Herb Williams
C/PF
Indiana Pacers (1981–1989)
Dallas Mavericks (1989–1992)
New York Knicks (1992–1996, 1996–1999)
Toronto Raptors (1996)
1,605
1,102
1.46

31
Elden Campbell
PF/C
Los Angeles Lakers (1990–1999)
Charlotte Hornets / New Orleans Hornets (1999–2003)
Seattle SuperSonics (2003)
Detroit Pistons (2003–2004, 2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005)
1,602
1,044
1.53

32
Benoit Benjamin
C
Los Angeles Clippers (1985–1991)
Seattle SuperSonics (1991–1993)
Los Angeles Lakers (1993)
New Jersey Nets (1993–1995)
Vancouver Grizzlies (1995)
Milwaukee Bucks (1995–1996)
Toronto Raptors (1996)
Philadelphia 76ers (1998–1999)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1999)
1,581
807
1.96

33
Samuel Dalembert†
C
Philadelphia 76ers (2001–2002, 2003–2010)
Sacramento Kings (2010–2011)
Houston Rockets (2011–2012)
Milwaukee Bucks (2012–2013)
Dallas Mavericks (2013–2014)
New York Knicks (2014–2015)
1,546
886
1.74

34
Wayne Cooper
C
Golden State Warriors (1978–1980)
Utah Jazz (1980–1981)
Dallas Mavericks (1981–1982)
Portland Trail Blazers (1982–1984, 1989–1992)
Denver Nuggets (1984–1989)
1,535
984
1.56

35
Serge Ibaka^
PF
Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–2016)
Orlando Magic (2016–2017)
Toronto Raptors (2017–present)
1,523
679
2.24

36
Caldwell Jones
C/PF
Philadelphia 76ers (1976–1982)
Houston Rockets (1982–1984)
Chicago Bulls (1984–1985)
Portland Trail Blazers (1985–1989)
San Antonio Spurs (1989–1990)
1,517
1,068
1.42

37
Alton Lister
C
Milwaukee Bucks (1981–1986, 1994–1995)
Seattle SuperSonics (1986–1989)
Golden State Warriors (1989–1993)
Boston Celtics (1995–1997)
Portland Trail Blazers (1997–1998)
1,473
953
1.55

38
Andrei Kirilenko
SF/PF
Utah Jazz (2001–2011)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2012–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
1,461
797
1.83

39
Rasheed Wallace
PF/C
Washington Bullets (1995–1996)
Portland Trail Blazers (1996–2004)
Atlanta Hawks (2004)
Detroit Pistons (2004–2009)
Boston Celtics (2009–2010)
New York Knicks (2012–2013)
1,460
1,109
1.32

40
Hot Rod Williams
C/PF
Cleveland Cavaliers (1986–1995)
Phoenix Suns (1995–1998)
Dallas Mavericks (1999)
1,456
887
1.64

41
Mark West
C
Dallas Mavericks (1983–1984)
Milwaukee Bucks (1984)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1984–1988, 1996–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1988–1994, 1999–2000)
Detroit Pistons (1994–1996)
Indiana Pacers (1997–1998)
Atlanta Hawks (1999)
1,403
1,090
1.29

42
Erick Dampier
C
Indiana Pacers (1996–1997)
Golden State Warriors (1997–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2010)
Miami Heat (2010–2011)
Atlanta Hawks (2012)
1,398
987
1.42

43
Clifford Robinson
PF/SF
Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)
1,390
1,380
1.01

44
Terry Tyler
SF
Detroit Pistons (1978–1985)
Sacramento Kings (1985–1988)
Dallas Mavericks (1988–1989)
1,342
871
1.54

45
Zydrunas Ilgauskas
C
Cleveland Cavaliers (1997–2010)
Miami Heat (2010–2011)
1,327
843
1.57

46
Tyson Chandler^
C
Chicago Bulls (2001–2006)
New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2006–2009)
Charlotte Bobcats (2009–2010)
Dallas Mavericks (2010–2011, 2014–2015)
New York Knicks (2011–2014)
Phoenix Suns (2015–present)
1,304
1,079
1.21

47
Julius Erving*
SF
Philadelphia 76ers (1976–1987)
1,293
836
1.55

Greg Ostertag
C
Utah Jazz (1995–2004, 2005–2006)
Sacramento Kings (2004–2005)
756
1.71

49
Shawn Kemp
PF
Seattle SuperSonics (1989–1997)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1997–2000)
Portland Trail Blazers (2000–2002)
Orlando Magic (2002–2003)
1,279
1,051
1.22

50
DeAndre Jordan^
C
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–present)
1,277
750
1.70

text: Progressive List for Blocks[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of blocked shot leaders showing how the record has increased through the years.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[3]

text:
Team Abbreviations
Team listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

ATL
Atlanta Hawks
DEN
Denver Nuggets
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
OKC
Oklahoma City Thunder

BOS
Boston Celtics
DET
Detroit Pistons
MIA
Miami Heat
ORL
Orlando Magic

CHI
Chicago Bulls
GSW
Golden State Warriors
NJN
New Jersey Nets
SAS
San Antonio Spurs

CHO
Charlotte Hornets
HOU
Houston Rockets
NOP
New Orleans Pelicans
UTA
Utah Jazz

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
IND
Indiana Pacers
NYK
New York Knicks
TOR
Toronto Raptors

DAL
Dallas Mavericks
LAC
Los Angeles Clippers
POR
Portland Trail Blazers
WSB
Washington Bullets

text:
Career Block Leaders at the end of every season

Season
Year-by-Year Leader
Blk
Active Leader
Blk
Career Record
Blk
Single Season Record
Blk
Season

1973–74
Elmore Smith000LAL
393
Elmore Smith000LAL
393
Elmore Smith000LAL
393
Elmore Smith000LAL
393
1973–74

1974–75
216
609
609
1974–75

1975–76
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
000LAL
338
847
847
1975–76

1976–77
261
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
000LAL
1,094
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
000LAL
1,094
1976–77

1977–78
George Johnson000NJN
274
1,279
1,279
1977–78

1978–79
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
000LAL
316
1,595
1,595
1978–79

1979–80
280
1,875
1,875
1979–80

1980–81
George Johnson000SAS
278
2,103
2,103
1980–81

1981–82
234
2,310
2,310
1981–82

1982–83
Tree Rollins000ATL
343
2,480
2,480
1982–83

1983–84
Mark Eaton000UTA
351
2,623
2,623
1983–84

1984–85
456
2,785
2,785
Mark Eaton000UTA
456
1984–85

1985–86
Manute Bol000WSB
397
2,915
2,915
1985–86

1986–87
Mark Eaton000UTA
321
3,012
3,012
1986–87

1987–88
304
3,104
3,104
1987–88

1988–89
Manute Bol000GSW
345
3,189
3,189
1988–89

1989–90
Hakeem Olajuwon* HOU
376
Mark Eaton000UTA
2,592
1989–90

1990–91
David Robinson*000SAS
320
2,780
1990–91

1991–92
305
2,985
1991–92

1992–93
Hakeem Olajuwon* 0HOU
342
3,064
1992–93

1993–94
Dikembe Mutombo*
000DEN 1993–96
000ATL 1996–98
336
Hakeem Olajuwon*
000HOU 1993–2001000TOR 2001–02
2,741
1993–94

1994–95
321
2,983
1994–95

1995–96
332
3,190
Hakeem Olajuwon*
000HOU 1984–2001
000TOR 2001–02
3,190
1995–96

1996–97
264
3,363
3,363
1996–97

1997–98
277
3,459
3,459
1997–98

1998–99
Alonzo Mourning*000MIA
180
3,582
3,582
1998–99

1999–00
294
3,652
3,652
1999–00

2000–01

Jermaine O'Neal000IND
Shawn Bradley000DAL
228
3,740
3,740
2000–01

2001–02
Ben Wallace000DET
278
3,830
3,830
2001–02

2002–03
Theo Ratliff
000ATL 2002–04
000POR 2004
262
David Robinson*000SAS
2,954
2002–03

2003–04
307
Dikembe Mutombo*
000NYK 2003–04
000HOU 2004–09
2,996
2003–04

2004–05
Marcus Camby000DEN
199
3,097
2004–05

2005–06
Andrei Kirilenko000UTA
220
3,154
2005–06

2006–07
Marcus Camby000DEN
231
3,230
2006–07

2007–08
285
3,278
2007–08

2008–09
Dwight Howard^000ORL
231
3,289
2008–09

2009–10
228
Shaquille O'Neal*
000CLE 2009–10
000BOS 2010–11
2,690
2009–10

2010–11
Serge Ibaka^000OKC
198
2,732
2010–11

2011–12
241
Tim Duncan†000SAS
2,469
2011–12

2012–13
242
2,652
2012–13

2013–14
219
2,791
2013–14

2014–15
Anthony Davis^000NOP
200
2,941
2014–15

2015–16
Hassan Whiteside^000MIA
269
3,020
2015–16

2016–17
Rudy Gobert^000UTA
214
Dwight Howard^
000ATL 2016–17
000CHO 2017-18
1,916
2016–17

2017–18
Anthony Davis^000NOP
193
2,047
Mark Eaton00 34 yrs
456
2017–18

Season
Year-by-Year Leader
Blk
Active Leader
Blk
Career Record
Blk
Single Season Record
Blk
Season


document_title: Battle Red Day

question_text: when is battle red day for the texans 2017

text: Battle Red Day

text: History[edit]

text: In 2003, the Texans unveiled a red alternate jersey that the team could wear up to twice a year at home games, as per the NFL's rule on alternate uniform use. The team decided to designate these games where the team would wear the red jerseys as "battle red days" in order to drum up extra fan support and interest. The Texans Cheerleaders, Toro the mascot and the Bull Pen Pep Band all dress in red and fans are also strongly encouraged to come dressed in red as well.

text: There are one or two battle red days scheduled a year. Since 2010 there has been only one scheduled. Battle red days are usually scheduled towards the latter half of the season or in the middle of the season. Sometimes they are designated for games where they play divisional rivals. The Texans have experienced great success during battle red day games, having won the majority of the contests since the creation of the day.

text: On Thursday, December 13, 2007, they wore their red jersey with red pants for the first time in their franchise history.

text: On Sunday, October 30, 2011, they returned to the red jersey with white pants.

text: On Sunday, December 18, 2016, they wore their red jersey with blue pants for the first time in their franchise history.

text: Corporate sponsorship and Battle Red Run[edit]

text: Houston-based energy company Halliburton became the first corporate sponsor of Battle Red Day in 2006.

text: 2006 also marked the first-annual Battle Red Run, which took place on Saturday, October 21 to benefit the Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, one of the busiest and most experienced cardiac centers in the country. The event featured special appearances by Toro and the Texans Cheerleaders and encouraged participants to wear red and participate in either a 5K Race, 5K Run/Walk, or Toro’s Kids K.

text: Past Battle Red Day Results[edit]

text:
Date Played
Winning Team
Losing Team
Score

November 2, 2003
Houston Texans
Carolina Panthers
14–10

October 31, 2004
Houston Texans
Jacksonville Jaguars
20–6

November 28, 2004
Houston Texans
Tennessee Titans
31–21

October 23, 2005
Indianapolis Colts
Houston Texans
38–20

December 24, 2005
Jacksonville Jaguars
Houston Texans
38–20

October 22, 2006
Houston Texans
Jacksonville Jaguars
27–7

December 13, 2007
Houston Texans
Denver Broncos
31–13

December 30, 2007
Houston Texans
Jacksonville Jaguars
42–28

December 1, 2008
Houston Texans
Jacksonville Jaguars
30–17

September 27, 2009
Jacksonville Jaguars
Houston Texans
31–24

December 13, 2010
Baltimore Ravens
Houston Texans
34–28

October 30, 2011
Houston Texans
Jacksonville Jaguars
24–14

October 21, 2012
Houston Texans
Baltimore Ravens
43–13

November 3, 2013
Indianapolis Colts
Houston Texans
27–24

November 2, 2014
Philadelphia Eagles
Houston Texans
31–21

December 13, 2015
New England Patriots
Houston Texans
27–6

December 18, 2016
Houston Texans
Jacksonville Jaguars
21–20

December 10, 2017
San Francisco 49ers
Houston Texans
26–16

text: All-time Battle Red Day record: 10–8


document_title: Dog with a Blog

question_text: who plays stan on dog with a blog

question_tokens: who plays stan on dog with a blog

text: Dog with a Blog

text: Plot[edit]

text: Set in Pasadena, California, Avery Jennings' mother, Ellen, had just married Tyler and Chloe James' father, Bennett, so now the new family needs to make some adjustments on living together. They face an even bigger adjustment when they discover that their new dog, Stan, can talk. Only Avery, Tyler, and Chloe know this. Unbeknownst to the family, Stan also has a blog where he discusses happenings in the Jennings-James household. The children learn of Stan's talking ability in the first episode and agree to keep it a secret from their parents, fearing if the world finds out that Stan can talk, he will be taken away for experimentation.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired122October 12, 2012 (2012-10-12)August 25, 2013 (2013-08-25)224September 20, 2013 (2013-09-20)September 12, 2014 (2014-09-12)323September 26, 2014 (2014-09-26)September 25, 2015 (2015-09-25)

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Avery Jennings (G Hannelius) is the highly intelligent, hard-working step-sister of Tyler and Chloe. She hates the fact that Tyler feels everything has to go his way and that good things always seem to happen to him, such as in "Stan of the House" when Tyler books the living room as an excuse to have the school cheerleading squad come over. Avery is very straightforward in following the rules and reluctantly goes along with what Tyler does. She is very smart, an overachiever, and knows what she wants. She wants everything to be handled in an orderly fashion, such as posting sign-up sheets for the living room and bathroom. Avery is socially responsible and despises boys like Tyler, though the two do have brother–sister heart-to-heart discussions showing that, at the end of the day, no matter how much Tyler annoys her, they love each other. She did not always love to take risks, but this changes when she steals a large pig in one episode. Avery is a very good problem solver and is the school president.
Tyler James (Blake Michael) is the popular brother of Chloe and step-brother of Avery. He seems to get by with his good looks, adding to Avery's jealousy, often causing the two to fight. Manipulative and occasionally a little vain, good things always seem to happen to him; he can get any pretty girl to go out with him and is extremely charismatic. Tyler is a math genius, found out later in the first season, and although he is very smart, Tyler is slacking off in school due to laziness, but in "Stan of the House" he learns he needs to act more like a brother toward Avery and will, on some occasions, show his soft, serious, and mature side. Although he can sometimes be shown to be carefree and too laid back, Tyler will rush to a person's side when they need help, showing that he cares about people and is not at all judgmental or a bad person, as seen in "Stan of the House" when he comforts Avery after she breaks down crying over losing Stan. He can also be shown to be a little air-headed, but he has a quick wit and, like Avery, he knows what he wants and he will not stop at anything to get it.
Chloe James (Francesca Capaldi) is the younger sister of Tyler and step-sister of Avery. A running gag in the show is that the family will go somewhere and forget to bring Chloe home, and when they realize their error, they scream her name at the same time. Chloe is known to love candy, though her parents do not allow her to eat too much. She secretly hides sweets around the house in places like pillow cases and TV remote battery compartments. She has a very active imagination, making up new names for various body parts and scares Tyler while he sleeps.
 The Voice of "Stan" (Stephen Full) is the James-Jennings family's new dog who blogs and talks. He keeps his secret of talking from Ellen and Bennett, and the only people who know that Stan can talk are Avery, Tyler, Chloe, Karl, and Grandma James. Stan hates noisy pomeranians and has a deep love of poodles. It is shown that Avery is his favorite child which is also based on the fact they talk to each other the most of the three kids. As shown in "World of Woofcraft", he likes the game "Realm of the Tower". Although at times he seems almost human, he is still a dog and has many dog qualities and is very sensitive about it. Stan, while he does not like to admit it, is also part cat and blames the fact that his dog ancestor "married" his one cat ancestor because it was the 1970s. Stan has a beloved toy monkey named Robert who is his companion. Grandma James found Robert while cleaning the family room and announced that the toy was so disgustingly filthy, it was going straight to the trash. Stan panicked and shouted Robert's name right in front of her, exposing his secret and making Grandma James faint. Stan is also very sensitive about being called "just a dog", which Avery called him in the episode "Stan Runs Away". After a year of secretly writing a blog about his experiences with the family, Avery, Chloe, and Tyler soon discover Stan's blog in "The Kids Find Out Stan Blogs".
Bennett James (Regan Burns) is Tyler and Chloe's father and Avery's step-father. He is a child psychologist who often acts immature and childish himself and is the author of several books in which he uses his family as examples, only changing the names. He always tries to think of ways to get his children to come together. He is also shown to be quite conceited. Sometimes his wife thinks he got his psychology degree online as his attempts at practicing psychology do not seem to go well. In "Stan of the House", he introduces Stan to the blended family in hopes that the dog will help his children bond.
Ellen Jennings (Beth Littleford) is Avery's mother and Tyler and Chloe's step-mother. She does not like dogs and makes it known that she does not like Stan; however, by the end of Howloween, she and Stan get along. It is later revealed that she dislikes Stan due to an incident with a dog she had adored who suddenly left her. Due to this, she is reluctant to bond with Stan. She loves making jokes, often followed by her catchphrase, "Good one, Ellen!" She has been married to Bennett long enough to absorb some of his habits, including being scatterbrained. This could well account for their constant forgetting about Chloe. In Who's Training Who? Ellen hires a master dog trainer to keep Stan off the couch. Ignoring the trainer by daydreaming, Stan ends up outside until the children convince him that he's one of them, and he gives in and accepts the new dog bed Ellen bought him.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Lindsay (Kayla Maisonet) is Avery's best friend. Lindsay's unique quality is that she always wears a hat, even when it's inappropriate. Lindsay often talks fast when she panics, often leading Avery to also talk fast. Except for her lack of intelligence, she has much in common with Avery. They love the same books and movies and often say the same things at the same time involuntarily, and she also dislikes Karl just like Avery. However, Avery dislikes Karl more than she does. In Avery B. Jealous, Wes, Avery's crush, asks Lindsay out on a date. Lindsay promises Avery that she will call off the date, but when they get in a fight, she decides to go out with Wes. Lindsay admits that she has always had a crush on Wes. In Avery-body Dance Now, she and Max confront Wes when he turns Avery down on an invite to the school dance after Karl tells Wes he is going with Avery.
Nikki Ortiz (Denyse Tontz) is Avery's friend and Tyler's current girlfriend. She has a dog named Evita, who Stan despises because she yaps too much. Nikki moved from El Salvador and is sweet and talented. In Wingstan, she is shown to be great at whistling and art. In Avery's First Crush, Nikki accidentally reveals her confusing and mysterious secret: "My brother didn't fall. He was pushed." In Love Ty-Angle, she becomes jealous of Tyler's girlfriend and is confused about it. Nikki asks Tyler to dump Emily for her, but since he can't trust his dream girl, he chooses Emily; however, she learns about Nikki's pursuit of Tyler. This leads to Tyler being broken up with by Emily and, despite never being picked second for anything, Nikki accepts when Tyler chooses her.
Karl Fink (LJ Benet) is Avery's frenemy. He and Avery are the smartest children in school; however, in contrast to Avery, Karl is a shameless jerk. Being very nosy, he often barges into the Jennings–James house without knocking. He also tries to find out Stan's secret in The Bone Identity. He despises Avery because when they were much younger, she stole his graham crackers at a science camp. He often has tea and snacks with Ellen, much to the discomfort of others, though they both claim that it's not weird. He once admits that he likes to send Ellen flowers under the alias of Walter Perkins. Karl has mentioned several times that his father is up on the International Space Station and talks often about his obsessive bodybuilding mother, who he says is the strongest woman in the world, though she has never been seen on the show. In Avery-body Dance Now, he teaches Avery how to dance for the school dance with Wes; however, he tells Wes that he is going to the school dance with Avery. In Karl Finds Out Stan's Secret, it is revealed that Karl has been spying on Stan and the children for a while. Now he knows that Stan can talk, but keeps it a secret.
Max (Danielle Soibelman) is one of Avery and Lindsay's best friends, as shown in the second season. She is shown to be a very negative, but overall nice, person despite sporting dark clothing. She likes to act tough and says she hates everything, but she also dances with Karl at the school dance.
Wes (Peyton Meyer) is Avery's crush in the second season. In Lost in Stanslation, Avery acts as his Spanish tutor; at the end, he asks her if it would be inappropriate to ask her out on a date in Spanish, but since she does not actually know the language, she answers yes in Spanish. He is very upset as he had said he wanted to ask her that even before she was his tutor. In Avery B. Jealous, Wes asks Lindsay out after being rejected by Avery, but in the end he says that he is glad that he isn't going with Lindsay as he wanted to go with Avery all along. In Avery-body Dance Now, he asks Avery to go to the school dance with him; however, when Avery seeks dance lessons from Karl, Wes becomes jealous of Karl, and when Karl tells Wes he is going with Avery, Wes goes by himself. After Lindsay and Max witness Wes' anger at Avery and Avery running out of the dance in tears, they learn of Karl's deception. Wes goes to Avery's house, where he tells her he likes her, and they return to the dance together. In The Green Eyed Monster, Stan accidentally captures a photo of Wes with another girl in the park, and Avery confronts him, which causes a temporary problem between her and Wes as he tells her he can't date a girl who doesn't trust him, but Tyler and Stan get together to convince Wes it wasn't Avery's fault and that she just has strange relatives. In Love, Lose and a Beanbag Toss, Avery notices that Wes is ignoring her; after several confrontations he finally tells her that his family is moving to another city. They both agree on a long distance relationship through the Internet, but soon notice that it is not going to work out well. They then decide to end their relationship and try to move on.
Mason (Griffin Kunitz) is Chloe's current boyfriend. According to Chloe in Stan Gets Schooled, Chloe and Mason started their relationship because Chloe came up to him, said "You're my boyfriend!" and gave him a tongue click. It is shown in Stan Has Puppies that he has twin brother named Jason.
Heather Collins (Brighid Fleming) is Princess' owner and the Jennings–James' next-door neighbor who moved in with her family in Stan Falls in Love. She is shown to be spoiled, ridiculously snobby, and stuck up. She also seems to have a liking to Karl.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series is co-created by Michael B. Kaplan, who previously co-created the Disney XD series I'm in the Band.[1] Stephen Full was previously a cast member of that series, along with Beth Littleford who had a recurring role. G Hannelius and Regan Burns also previously guest starred on I'm in the Band during the show's two-season run. On February 4, 2013, Disney Channel renewed the series for a second season.[2] On February 4, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season by Disney Channel.[3]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Worldwide the show airs on Disney Channel. The series premiered in the United States on October 12, 2012.[4] and in Canada on November 23, 2012. The show later premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on December 21, 2012.[citation needed] In India, the series premiered on December 1, 2013 on Disney Channel India[citation needed] and on October 30, 2017 on Disney International HD.[5] The second season premiered on November 26, 2014.[citation needed] The series premiered in Singapore on March 2, 2013, and in Australia and New Zealand on March 25, 2013.[citation needed]  In Thailand  the series premiered on February 18, 2017.[6]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical[edit]

text: Dog with a Blog has received generally mixed reviews from critics. Critic Brian Lowry for Variety gave the show a mixed review, saying that "young kids should enjoy hearing Stan express dog-like thoughts", but concluded that "Dog with a Blog is strictly low-hanging-biscuit fare".[7] Common Sense Media gave the show two stars out of five, calling it a "so-so sitcom" with "lackluster writing and cliche humor" while praising it for having "some heartwarming messages about families".[8]

text: In a review on Gawker entitled "There Is a TV Show Called Dog with a Blog and It's About a Dog Who Blogs," Adrian Chen gave Dog With A Blog a mixed review, and remarked, "Unfortunately, there are only two short scenes where we see Stan blog in the pilot."[9]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season

Episodes

First aired

Last aired
Avg. viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

1

22

October 12, 2012 (2012-10-12)

4.50[10]

August 25, 2013 (2013-08-25)

3.24[11]
3.15

2

23

September 20, 2013 (2013-09-20)

2.99[12]

September 12, 2014 (2014-09-12)

1.70[13]
2.61

3

23

September 26, 2014 (2014-09-26)

2.19[14]

September 25, 2015 (2015-09-25)

2.15[15]
1.84

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Year

Award

Category

Result

2014

Emmy Awards

Outstanding Children's Program

Nominated

2015

2015 Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite TV Show

Nominated

Emmy Awards

Outstanding Children's Program

Nominated

2016

2016 Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite TV Show

Nominated

Emmy Awards

Outstanding Children's Program

Nominated

text: Spin-off short series[edit]

text: A spin-off short series called Dogs Rule! Cats... Not So Much debuted on Watch Disney on February 14, 2014. It is a variety show hosted by Stan comparing dogs to cats and showing various dog or cat Internet videos. The spin-off commonly aired on Disney Channel during commercial breaks.