document_title: Generation

question_text: what is the name of the generation before gen x

text: Generation

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The word generate comes from the Latin generāre, meaning "to beget".[3] The word generation as a cohort in social science signifies the entire body of individuals born and living at about the same time, most of whom are approximately the same age and have similar ideas, problems, and attitudes (e.g., Beat Generation and Lost Generation).[4]

text: Familial generation[edit]

text: A familial generation is a group of living beings constituting a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor.[5] In developed nations the average familial generation length is in the high 20s and has even reached 30 years in some nations.[6] Factors such as greater industrialisation and demand for cheap female labour, urbanisation, delayed first pregnancy and a greater uncertainty in relationship stability have all contributed to the increase of the generation length from the late 18th century to the present. These changes can be attributed to both social factors, such as GDP and state policy, and related individual-level variables, particularly a woman's educational attainment.[7] Conversely, generation length has changed little and remains in the low 20s in less developed nations.[6][8]

text: An intergenerational rift in the nuclear family, between the parents and two or more of their children, is one of several possible dynamics of a dysfunctional family. Coalitions in families are subsystems within families with more rigid boundaries and are thought to be a sign of family dysfunction.[9]

text: Social generation[edit]

text: Social generations are cohorts of people born in the same date range and who share similar cultural experiences.[10] The idea of a social generation, in the sense that it is used today, gained currency in the 19th century. Prior to that the concept "generation" had generally referred to family relationships and not broader social groupings. In 1863, French lexicographer Emile Littré had defined a generation as, "all men living more or less at the same time".[11]

text: Several trends promoted a new idea of generations, as the 19th century wore on, of a society divided into different categories of people based on age. These trends were all related to the processes of modernisation, industrialisation, or westernisation, which had been changing the face of Europe since the mid-18th century. One was a change in mentality about time and social change. The increasing prevalence of enlightenment ideas encouraged the idea that society and life were changeable, and that civilization could progress. This encouraged the equation of youth with social renewal and change. Political rhetoric in the 19th century often focused on the renewing power of youth influenced by movements such as Young Italy, Young Germany, Sturm und Drang, the German Youth Movement, and other romantic movements. By the end of the 19th century, European intellectuals were disposed toward thinking of the world in generational terms—in terms of youth rebellion and emancipation.[11]

text: Two important contributing factors to the change in mentality were the change in the economic structure of society. Because of the rapid social and economic change, young men particularly were less beholden to their fathers and family authority than they had been. Greater social and economic mobility allowed them to flout their authority to a much greater extent than had traditionally been possible. Additionally, the skills and wisdom of fathers were often less valuable than they had been due to technological and social change.[11] During this time, the period between childhood and adulthood, usually spent at university or in military service, was also increased for many people entering white-collar jobs. This category of people was very influential in spreading the ideas of youthful renewal.[11]

text: Another important factor was the breakdown of traditional social and regional identifications. The spread of nationalism and many of the factors that created it (a national press, linguistic homogenisation, public education, suppression of local particularities) encouraged a broader sense of belonging beyond local affiliations. People thought of themselves increasingly as part of a society, and this encouraged identification with groups beyond the local.[11] ′ Auguste Comte was the first philosopher to make a serious attempt to systematically study generations. In Cours de philosophie positive Comte suggested that social change is determined by generational change and in particular conflict between successive generations.[12] As the members of a given generation age, their "instinct of social conservation" becomes stronger, which inevitably and necessarily brings them into conflict with the "normal attribute of youth"—innovation. Other important theorists of the 19th century were John Stuart Mill and Wilhelm Dilthey.

text: Sociologist Karl Mannheim was a seminal figure in the study of generations. He elaborated a theory of generations in his 1923 essay The Problem of Generations.[2] He suggested that there had been a division into two primary schools of study of generations until that time. Firstly, positivists such as Comte measured social change in designated life spans. Mannheim argued that this reduced history to "a chronological table". The other school, the "romantic-historical" was represented by Dilthey and Martin Heidegger. This school focused on the individual qualitative experience at the expense of social context. Mannheim emphasised that the rapidity of social change in youth was crucial to the formation of generations, and that not every generation would come to see itself as distinct. In periods of rapid social change a generation would be much more likely to develop a cohesive character. He also believed that a number of distinct sub-generations could exist.[2]

text: According to Gilleard and Higgs, Mannheim identified three commonalities that a generation shares:[13]

text:
Shared temporal location – generational site or birth cohort
Shared historical location – generation as actuality or exposure to a common era
Shared sociocultural location – generational consciousness or "entelechy"

text: Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe developed the Strauss-Howe generational theory outlining what they saw as a pattern of generations repeating throughout American history. This theory became quite influential with the public and reignited an interest in the sociology of generations. This led to the creation of an industry of consulting, publishing, and marketing in the field.[14] The theory has alternatively been criticized by social scientists and journalists who argue it is non-falsifiable, deterministic, and unsupported by rigorous evidence.[15][16]

text: According to an article by Frank Giancola, cohort generations are "triumphant in popular culture but have been confined by experts to the shadow world of unproven hypothesis". He and others argued that the concept may be overused and that differences have been overstated in many cases.[17]

text: Generational theory[edit]

text: While the concept of a generation has a long history and can be found in ancient literature,[18] there are also psychological and sociological dimensions in the sense of belonging and identity which may define a generation.

text: The concept of a generation can also be used to locate particular birth cohorts in specific historical and cultural circumstances, such as the "Baby boomers".[18]

text: While all generations have similarities, there are differences among them as well. A 2007 Pew Research Center report called "Millennials: Confident. Connected. Open to Change" noted the challenge of studying generations: "Generational analysis has a long and distinguished place in social science, and we cast our lot with those scholars who believe it is not only possible, but often highly illuminating, to search for the unique and distinctive characteristics of any given age group of Americans. But we also know this is not an exact science. We are mindful that there are as many differences in attitudes, values, behaviors, and lifestyles within a generation as there are between generations. But we believe this reality does not diminish the value of generational analysis; it merely adds to its richness and complexity."[19] Another element of generational theory is recognizing how youth experience their generation, and how that changes based on where they reside in the world. "Analyzing young people's experiences in place contributes to a deeper understanding of the processes of individualization, inequality, and of generation." [20] Being able to take a closer looks at youth cultures and subcultures in different times and places adds an extra element to understanding the everyday lives of youth. This allows a better understanding of youth and the way generation and place play in their development.[21]

text: It is not where the birth cohort boundaries are drawn that is important, but how individuals and societies interpret the boundaries and how divisions may shape processes and outcomes. However, the practice of categorizing age cohorts is useful to researchers for the purpose of constructing boundaries in their work.[22]

text: Generational tension[edit]

text: Norman Ryder, writing in American Sociological Review in 1965, shed light on the sociology of the discord between generations by suggesting that society "persists despite the mortality of its individual members, through processes of demographic metabolism and particularly the annual infusion of birth cohorts". He argued that generations may sometimes be a "threat to stability" but at the same time they represent "the opportunity for social transformation".[23] Ryder attempted to understand the dynamics at play between generations.

text: Amanda Grenier, in a 2007 essay published in Journal of Social Issues, offered another source of explanation for why generational tensions exist. Grenier asserted that generations develop their own linguistic models that contribute to misunderstanding between age cohorts, "Different ways of speaking exercised by older and younger people exist, and may be partially explained by social historical reference points, culturally determined experiences, and individual interpretations".[24]

text: Karl Mannheim, in his 1952 book Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge asserted the belief that people are shaped through lived experiences as a result of social change. Howe and Strauss also have written on the similarities of people within a generation being attributed to social change. Based on the way these lived experiences shape a generation in regard to values, the result is that the new generation will challenge the older generation's values, resulting in tension. This challenge between generations and the tension that arises is a defining point for understanding generations and what separates them.[25]

text: List of generations[edit]

text: Western world[edit]

text: For the purposes of this list, "Western world" can be taken to include North America, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Many variations may exist within these regions, both geographically and culturally, which means that the list is broadly indicative, but necessarily very general. The contemporary characterization of these cohorts used in media and advertising borrows from the Strauss–Howe generational theory among others.

text:
The Lost Generation, also known as the Generation of 1914 in Europe,[26] is a term originating with Gertrude Stein to describe those who fought in World War I. The members of the lost generation were typically born between 1883 and 1900.
The G.I. Generation, is the generation that includes the veterans who fought in World War II. They were born from around 1901 to 1924, coming of age during the Great Depression. Journalist Tom Brokaw described U.S members of this cohort as the "greatest generation" in a book of the same name.[27]
The Silent Generation, also known as the Lucky Few, were born from approximately 1925 to 1942.[28] It includes some who fought in World War II, most of those who fought the Korean War and many during the Vietnam War.
The Baby Boomers are the generation that were born mostly following World War II. There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end. Typically, they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964. Increased birth rates were observed during the post–World War II baby boom making them a relatively large demographic cohort.[29][30]
Generation X, commonly abbreviated to Gen X, is the generation following the baby boomers. Demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1960s and ending birth years in the early 1980s. The term has also been used in different times and places for a number of different subcultures or countercultures since the 1950s.

In the U.S., some called Generation Xers the "baby bust" generation because of the drop in the birth rate following the baby boom.[31] The drop in fertility rates in America began in the late 1950s. But according to authors and demographers William Strauss and Neil Howe (who use 1961 to 1981 for Gen X birth years), there are approximately 88.5 million Gen Xers in the U.S. today.[32]

Millennials, also known as Generation Y,[33] are the cohort of people following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid 1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. According to Pew Research, as of April 2016 the Millennials surpassed the Baby Boomers in size in the U.S., with 76 million Boomers and 77 million Millennials.[34]
Generation Z, also known as the iGeneration, Post-Millennials, Homeland Generation, or Plurals is the cohort of people born after the Millennials. Demographers and researchers typically use the mid-1990s to mid-2000s as starting birth years.

text: Other areas[edit]

text:
In Armenia, people born after the country's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 are known as the "Independence generation."[35]
In the People's Republic of China, the "Post-80s" (Chinese: 八零后世代 or 八零后) (born-after-1980 generation) are those who were born in the 1980s in urban areas of Mainland China. Growing up in modern China, the Post-80s has been characterised by its optimism for the future, newfound excitement for consumerism and entrepreneurship and acceptance of its historic role in transforming modern China into an economic power. [36] There is also the similarly named Post-90s (Chinese: 九零后), referring to modern teenagers and college students.[citation needed] A broader generational classification would be the "one-child generation" born between the introduction of the one-child policy in 1980 and its softening into a "two-child policy" in 2013. The lack of siblings has had profound psychological effects on this generation, such as egoism due to always being at the centre of parents' attention as well as the stress of having to be the sole provider once the parents retire.
People born post-1980s in Hong Kong are for the most part different from the same generation in mainland China.[37] The term "Post-80s" (八十後) came into use in Hong Kong between 2009 and 2010, particularly during the opposition to the Guangzhou-Hong Kong Express Rail Link, during which a group of young activists came to the forefront of Hong Kong's political scene.[38] They are said to be "post-materialist" in outlook, and they are particularly vocal in issues such as urban development, culture and heritage, and political reform. Their campaigns include the fight for the preservation of Lee Tung Street, the Star Ferry Pier and the Queen's Pier, Choi Yuen Tsuen Village, real political reform (on 23 June), and a citizen-oriented Kowloon West Art district. Their discourse mainly develops around themes such as anti-colonialism, sustainable development, and democracy.
In Germany, generations widely follow the Western world pattern but have many aspects of different Vergangenheitsbewältigung. In German history the start and abolishment of Gleichschaltung in mass movements (Nazi Hitlerjugend and later communist Free German Youth) also shaped generations.[citation needed] The baby boomer generation was heavily challenging their parents and relatives with their past in Nazi Germany and in World War II as well as their (individual) responsibility for the Holocaust but also the survival of the Third Reich in (West) German administration, science, legislation and culture due to claimed unsuccessful denazification. It formed German student movement which translated West Germany in some aspects. Later, Generation Golf (named after the VW Golf) is very similar to Generation X describing the generation that was raised in late West Germany with the specific background of the german separation, then deadlocked German question and cold-war threats.[citation needed] The east-german generation which was born in the mid-eighties and later was little influenced and indoctrinated by East German Communist education system and not captured by Free German Youth. Children in the New states of Germany who were not older than seven years during german reunification are often in a stronger cultural contrast to their parents and relatives while those who were slightly older saw a massive change in their school system, syllabi and breakdown of the youth welfare but also unexpected opportunities and chances in modern Germany.[citation needed]
In Poland, two important groups with a shared generational identity are recognized: the Generation of Columbuses, who were born during the brief period of Polish independence in the interbellum and survived World War II, and the "generation of free Poland", born after the dissolution of communism in 1989.[citation needed]
In Romania, all people who were born in 1989 are called the Revolution Generation because communism fell that year and Romania experienced a violent revolution that ended the communist regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu and brought democracy to Romania.[citation needed] There was also a demographic called "Decrețeii", representing those that were born during the effect of the communism regime applied Decree 770, which lasted between 1967 and 1989.
In South Africa, people born after the first democratic election held after apartheid are often referred to in media as the "born-free generation".[39][40][41]
In South Korea, generational cohorts are often defined around the democratization of the country, with various schemes suggested including names such as the "democratization generation", 386 generation[42][43] (named after Intel 386 computer in the 1990s to describe people in their late 30s and early 40s who were born in the 1960s, and attended university/college in the 1980s, also called the "June 3, 1987 generation"), that witnessed the June uprising, the "April 19 generation" (that struggled against the Syngman Rhee regime in 1960), the "June 3 generation" (that struggled against the normalization treaty with Japan in 1964), the "1969 generation" (that struggled against the constitutional revision allowing three presidential terms), and the shin-se-dae ("new") generation.[43][44][45] The term Shin-se-dae generation refers to the generation following Millennials in the Korean language. The Shin-se-dae generation are mostly free from ideological or political bias.[46]
In India, generations tend to follow a pattern similar to the broad Western model, although there are still major differences, especially in the older generations.[47] One interpretation sees India's independence in 1947 as India's major generational shift. People born in the 1930s and 1940s tended to be loyal to the new state and tended to adhere to "traditional" divisions of society. Indian "boomers", those born after independence and into the early 1960s, tended to link success to leaving India and were more suspicious of traditional social institutions. Events like the Indian Emergency between 1975 and 1977 made them more sceptical of government. Gen Xers experienced India's economic ascendance and are more comfortable with diverse perspectives. Generation Y continues this pattern.[citation needed]
In Iran, the generation born after 1981 up to 1991 are called the "sixties' decade generation,"[citation needed] named after the solar calendar 1360 up to 1370,[citation needed] and are known as calm and well-behaved children. Some argue that because of the war between Iran and Iraq at that time, this generation suffers stress and depression.[citation needed] The next generation from 1991 to 2001 or post war are called the "seventies' decade generation,"[citation needed] also named after the solar calendar, from 1370 to 1380,[citation needed] who are known to be more aggressive, careless, and perky.[citation needed]
In the Philippines, people also identify with Western terms such as "Generation X" and "Millennials", with Filipinos born before or during the Second World War (as well as those living as adults in that period) constituting an unofficial generation. "Martial Law Babies" are generally defined as people born in the time period between the imposition of Martial Law by President Ferdinand Marcos on 21 September 1972 and its formal lifting in January 1981.[48] The term is sometimes extended to anyone born within Marcos' entire 21-year rule, while those born after the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled the regime are sometimes termed "EDSA Babies".[49]
In Taiwan, the term Strawberry generation refers to Taiwanese people born after 1981 who "bruise easily" like strawberries – meaning they can not withstand social pressure or work hard like their parents' generation; the term refers to people who are insubordinate, spoiled, selfish, arrogant, and sluggish in work.
9X Generation is a Vietnamese term for people born during the 1990s.

text: Other terminology[edit]

text: The term generation is sometimes applied to a cultural movement, or more narrowly defined group than an entire demographic. Some examples include:

text:
The Stolen Generations, refers to children of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander (AATSI) descent, who were removed from their families by the Australian Federal and State government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments between approximately 1869 and 1969.
The Beat Generation, refers to a popular American cultural movement widely cited by social scholars as having laid the foundation of the pro-active American counterculture of the 1960s. It consisted of Americans born between the two world wars who came of age in the rise of the automobile era, and the surrounding accessibility they brought to the culturally diverse, yet geographically broad and separated nation.[50]
Generation Jones is a term coined by Jonathan Pontell to describe the cohort of people born between 1954 and 1965. The term is used primarily in English-speaking countries.[51][52] Pontell defined Generation Jones as referring to the second half of the post–World War II baby boom [53] The term also includes first-wave Generation X.
MTV Generation, a term referring to the adolescents and young adults of the 1980s and early 1990s who were heavily influenced by the MTV television channel. It is often used synonymously with Generation X.[54][55][56]
In Europe, a variety of terms have emerged in different countries particularly hard hit following the financial crisis of 2007–2008 to designate young people with limited employment and career prospects.[57] The Generation of 500 is a term popularized by the Greek mass media and refers to educated Greek twixters of urban centers who generally fail to establish a career. Young adults are usually forced into underemployment in temporary and occasional jobs, unrelated to their educational background, and receive the minimum allowable base salary of €500. This generation evolved in circumstances leading to the Greek debt crisis and participated in the 2010–2011 Greek protests.[58] In Spain, they are referred to as the mileurista (for €1,000),[59] in France "The Precarious Generation", and in Italy also the generation of 1,000 euros.
Xennials, Oregon Trail Generation, and Generation Catalano are terms used to describe individuals born during Generation X/Millennial cusp years, typically late 1970s to early 1980s.[60][61][62]


document_title: The Greatest Showman

question_text: who played the bearded lady in the greatest shiwman

root

text: The Greatest Showman

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the late 19th century, P. T. Barnum and his troupe perform a show at the circus ("The Greatest Show"). In a flashback to Barnum's childhood where he and his father Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, he becomes infatuated with their daughter, Charity. Though Charity is being sent to finishing school, Barnum reassures her they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ("A Million Dreams"), eventually marrying and raising two daughters, Caroline and Helen, in New York City ("A Million Dreams" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum dreams of more.

tag: p

text: Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. Taking a risky bet, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer's lost ships as collateral. He uses this loan to buy Barnum's American Museum in downtown Manhattan, an attraction showcasing various wax models. Initially, sales are slow; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something "alive", Barnum searches for "freaks" to serve as performers for his museum ("Come Alive"). This attracts a large audience despite protests and poor reviews, prompting Barnum to rename his venture "Barnum's Circus."

text: Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class, Barnum meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ("The Other Side"). Carlyle is enchanted with Anne Wheeler, an African-American trapeze artist, but he hides his feelings. During a trip, Carlyle arranges for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria. Afterwards, Barnum meets Jenny Lind, a famed Swedish singer, whom he convinces to perform in America, with him serving as her manager. Lind's first American performance is a rousing success ("Never Enough"). While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons, he begins to distance himself from his original troupe, refusing to socialize with them. Dejected, they decide to stand against their local harassers ("This Is Me").

text: Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theater together one night, only to run into Carlyle's parents, who are blatantly racist toward Wheeler, causing her to leave. Carlyle chases her and tries to convince her that they can be together, but she rejects him despite her feelings towards him ("Rewrite the Stars"). As Barnum takes Lind on a US tour, Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home with their daughters ("Tightrope"). While on tour, Lind begins falling in love with Barnum, but when he refuses her advances, she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show, which is photographed by the press ("Never Enough" reprise). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who had tried to save Anne not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued by Barnum amid the chaos but suffers severe burns. Most of the sets and props are destroyed. Word of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking Caroline and Helen to her parents' home.

text: Depressed, Barnum retreats to a local bar, where his troupe find him there and explain that despite their disappointments, they still consider themselves a family that needs him. An inspired Barnum resolves to start anew and not let ambition overtake his loved ones anymore. Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Anne by his side and they share a kiss ("From Now On").

text: Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners, which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum rebuilds it as an open-air tent circus by the docks. The revamped circus is a huge success, and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family ("The Greatest Show" reprise).

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hugh Jackman as P. T. Barnum, an ambitious showman and entrepreneur.
Ellis Rubin as Young P. T. Barnum
Ziv Zaifman provides Young P. T. Barnum's singing voice.
Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle, a playwright who becomes Barnum's partner. His character is partly based on James Anthony Bailey.
Michelle Williams as Charity Hallett-Barnum, the wife of P.T. Barnum.
Skylar Dunn as Young Charity
Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind, a famous Swedish singer known as the "Swedish Nightingale".
Loren Allred provides Lind's singing voice.[8][9]
Zendaya as Anne Wheeler, an acrobat, trapeze artist, W.D.'s younger sister and Phillip Carlyle's love interest. Her character is partly based on Ruth Louisa McCaddon.
Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz, a bearded lady. She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as W. D. Wheeler, an acrobat and Anne's brother.
Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan, a Chinese acrobat and blade-specialist.
Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett, the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald.
Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb.
James Babson provides Stratton's speaking and singing voice.
Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley, a former thief whom Barnum employs at his circus to handle different tasks like staffing the front of the house, selling tickets, reading the reviews, fending off the protestors, producing the posters and promotional materials, and distributing the circus posters on everything.
Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds, a heavyweight man who is based on Teodulo Valenzuela.
Timothy Hughes as the Strongman, a man with enhanced strength who is based on Angus MacAskill.
Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine, the Tattooed Man who is based off George Costentenus.
Luciano Acuna Jr. as Walter, the Dog Boy who is based on Fedor Jeftichew.
Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker, the "Siamese Twins."
Jonathan Redavid as Frank Lentini, the Three-Legged Man.
Nick Jantz as Jeff Harris, the Juggler.
Kenneth Chan as the Human Cannonball
Martha Nichols as Woman in Gold, a woman in gold clothing with gold spots on her.
Jeremy Hudson as The Elephant-Skinned Man, a man who is based on Ralph Krooner. He was credited as "Dancer Oddity #3."[10]
Taylor James as Blockhead, a man with facial piercing that is based on Melvin Burkhart. He is credited as "Dancing Oddity #4."[10]
Chelsea Caso as Tattoo Lady, a woman covered in tattoos who is based on Nora Hildebrant. She is credited as "Dancing Oddity #5."[10]
Caoife Coleman and Mishay Petronelli as the Albino Twins. They were credited as "Dancer Oddity #6" and "Dancer Oddity #7."
Khasan Brasilford as Albino Man, a white-haired man in white clothes. He was credited as "Ensemble Dancer #1."[10]
Alex Wong as Oriental Man, a man dressed in an oriental outfit. He was credited as "Ensemble Dancer #2."[10]
Julius Rubio as Golden Boy, a man in gold clothing with gold spots on him. He was credited as "Ensemble Dancer #2."[10]
Vincent-Oliver Noiseux as Devil Boy, a performer with horns. He was credited as "Ensemble Dancer #4."[10]
Dean Walters and Jessica Castro as the Voodoo Twins. They are credited as "Ensemble Dancer #5" and "Ensemble Dancer" #6.[10]
Najla Gilam as Snake Dancer, a snake charmer who is based on Nala Damajanti. She was credited as "Ensemble Dancer #7."[10]
Damian Young as Mr. Winthrop
Tina Benko as Mrs. Winthrop
Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria.
Will Swenson as Philo Barnum, a tailor and the father of P. T. Barnum.
Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett, father of Charity and abusive father-in-law of Barnum.
Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett, mother of Charity and mother-in-law of Barnum.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role.[11] In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct.[12] In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs.[13]

text: On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to star in the film,[14] and in July 2016, Michelle Williams was cast.[15][16][17][18] The film was choreographed by Ashley Wallen.[19]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Rehearsals on the film began in October 2016 in New York City, and principal photography began on November 22, 2016.[20][21]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that James Mangold, who had worked with Jackman on several projects (including 2017's Logan), had been brought in to serve as an executive producer during the film's post-production. In an interview, director Michael Gracey noted, "There were eight producers on this film, and it was amazing having one of them be a filmmaker."[22]

text: Music[edit]

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote all the songs appearing in the film.[23]

text:
"The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zac Efron, Zendaya
"A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams
"A Million Dreams" (Reprise) – Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely, Jackman
"Come Alive" – Jackman, Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya
"The Other Side" – Jackman & Efron
"Never Enough" – Loren Allred
"This Is Me" – Settle
"Rewrite the Stars" – Efron & Zendaya
"Tightrope" – Williams
"Never Enough" (Reprise) – Allred
"From Now On" – Jackman

tag: ol

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album is produced by Greg Wells, Justin Paul, and Benj Pasek, featuring the eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1.[24] The Greatest Showman now[when?] draws level with Adele's 21 for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit in the last 30 years. The cast album is now[when?] at 910,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 420,000 physical copies, 186,000 downloads and 186,000 streaming.[25]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Greatest Showman held its premiere on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2, while it was docked in New York City. The film was then released in the United States on December 20, 2017.[26][27] Like Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, a sing-along version of the film was released in the United Kingdom on February 23, 2018.[28] The film had a limited IMAX release on February 2.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On June 28, 2017, 20th Century Fox released the first international trailer to promote the film. On November 13, 2017, the second trailer was released.[29]

text: On December 17, 2017, Fox televised a live performance of "Come Alive" from Warner Bros. Studios during its live musical special A Christmas Story Live! (which was based on fellow Pasek and Paul work A Christmas Story: The Musical). The number featured the film's stars and a cast of 150 dancers.[30][31]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In the United States, the film was released via digital download on March 20, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray, DVD and 4K Ultra HD on April 10, 2018.[32] In the United Kingdom, the film was released first on digital download on April 27, 2018, while Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and DVD copies went on sale on May 14. These versions include the sing-along version, two hours of behind-the-scenes footage and music machine jukebox features.[33]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Greatest Showman grossed $174.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $260.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $434.5 million, against a production budget of $84 million.[3] It is the third highest grossing musical ever in North America and globally, respectively, and Deadline Hollywood estimated the film would turn a profit between $50–100 million.[34]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Greatest Showman was released alongside Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, and was projected to gross around $21 million from 3,006 theaters over its first six days.[35][36] It took in $2 million on its first day and $2 million on its second. Over the three day weekend, it grossed $9 million (for a six-day total of $19 million), finishing fourth at the box office, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Pitch Perfect 3.[37] In its second weekend, the film grossed $15.5 million, again finishing 4th at the box office.[38] The weekend-to-weekend increase of 76.3% marked the largest ever for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters, and the fourth biggest ever.[39][40] In its third week, the film dropped 11% to $14 million.[41]

text: The film made $13 million in its fourth weekend and $11 million in its fifth, finishing 4th and 5th at the box office, respectively.[42] The film continued to hold well in its sixth week of release, grossing $9.5 million and returning to 4th place,[43] and again finished fourth in its seventh week, this time grossing $7.8 million (a drop of just 18%).[44] It is the 13th highest-grossing film that never reached first place at the American box office.[45]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 56% based on 208 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Greatest Showman tries hard to dazzle the audience with a Barnum-style sense of wonder – but at the expense of its complex subject's far more intriguing real-life story."[46] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[47] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while it earned a 70% "definite recommend" from comScore.[37]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing, "The Greatest Showman is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype."[48] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, The Greatest Showman ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand."[49] Steve Persall of Tampa Bay Times gave the film an 'A', and said, "The Greatest Showman is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,"[50] while William Bibbiani of IGN gave The Greatest Showman a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, "wildly entertaining."[51]

text: Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News said, "The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make The Greatest Showman."[52] Jackie K Cooper of HuffPost gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, "You will be overwhelmed by the music and magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage."[53] Hugh Armitage of Digital Spy said, "The Greatest Showman is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family."[54] Alan Jones of Radio Times called it "A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered."[55]

text: Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating "The Greatest Showman is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs."[56] Douglas Davidson of CLTure called the film, "An undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack, a movie that dazzles and delights."[57] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film a 3/4 score, and said, "The film has show-stopping well-choreographed numbers with catchy tunes,"[58] and Calvin Wilson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch called the film "highly enjoyable."[59]

text: Carl Kozlowski of Pasadena Weekly gave the film an 'A', calling it "Groundbreaking & grandly innovative."[60] Sean P. Means of The Salt Lake Tribune gave The Greatest Showman 3.5/4 stars, stating, "A strong cast give emotional power to this romanticized, tune-filled biography."[61] Manuela Lazic of Little White Lies gave it 4/5, saying, "The Greatest Showman deserves to become a Christmas classic. The film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming."[62] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, "A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd."[63]

text: Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying "There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but The Greatest Showman is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided – and yet it's well-made."[64] In a negative review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney wrote "This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."[65]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is The Greatest Showman? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."[66] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film's failures "are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."[67]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Nominee(s)

Result

Ref(s)

AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards

February 5, 2018

Best Grownup Love Story

The Greatest Showman

Won

[68][69]

Academy Awards

March 4, 2018

Best Original Song

"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Nominated

[70][71]

Casting Society of America

January 18, 2018

Big Budget – Comedy

Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield, Rori Bergman and Patrick Goodwin

Won

[72]

Costume Designers Guild

February 20, 2018

Excellence in Period Film

Ellen Mirojnick

Nominated

[73]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards

January 11, 2018

Best Song

"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Nominated

[74]

Dorian Awards

February 24, 2018

Campy Flick of the Year

The Greatest Showman

Nominated

[75][76]

Empire Awards

March 18, 2018

Best Costume Design

The Greatest Showman

Nominated

[77][78]

Best Make-up And Hairstyling

The Greatest Showman

Nominated

Georgia Film Critics Association

January 12, 2018

Best Original Song

"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Nominated

[79]

Golden Globe Awards

January 7, 2018

Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

Hugh Jackman

Nominated

[80]

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

The Greatest Showman

Nominated

Best Original Song – Motion Picture

"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Won

Golden Reel Awards

February 18, 2018

Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical

Jen Monnar, Jim Harrison, Jeff Carson, Peter Myles and Sheri Ozeki

Won

[81]

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards

February 8, 2018

Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Over 25 Million Dollars

Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Nominated

[82]

Best Song/Recording Created for a Film

"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Nominated

Heartland Film Festival

December 31, 2017

Truly Moving Picture Award

Michael Gracey

Won

[83]

Kids' Choice Awards

March 24, 2018

Favorite Movie

The Greatest Showman

Nominated

[84]

Favorite Movie Actress

Zendaya

Won

Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild

February 24, 2018

Feature Motion Picture: Best Period and/or Character Makeup

Nicki Ledermann, Tania Ribalow and Sunday Englis

Nominated

[85]

Saturn Awards

June 27, 2018

Best Action or Adventure Film

The Greatest Showman

Won

[86][87]

Best Costume Design

Ellen Mirojnick

Nominated

Best Music

John Debney and Joseph Trapanese

Nominated

Teen Choice Awards

August 12, 2018

Choice Breakout Movie Star

Keala Settle

Nominated

[88]

Choice Collaboration

"Rewrite the Stars" – Zac Efron and Zendaya

Won

Choice Drama Movie

The Greatest Showman

Won

Choice Drama Movie Actor

Zac Efron

Won

Hugh Jackman

Nominated

Choice Drama Movie Actress

Zendaya

Won

Choice Liplock

Zac Efron and Zendaya

Nominated

Choice Movie Ship

Zac Efron and Zendaya

Won

Choice Pop Song

"This Is Me" – Keala Settle

Nominated

tag: table

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: Detailing the differences between the biography of Barnum, and the character portrayed in the film, Smithsonian magazine called the film "pretty humbug."  The magazine noted that one of the legacies ascribed to the real Barnum was his profiting from marketing racism to the masses, even though later in life he came to express some regrets.[89]


document_title: List of longest PGA Tour win streaks

question_text: who won 11 golf tournaments in a row

question_tokens: who won 11 golf tournaments in a row

text: List of longest PGA Tour win streaks

text: The following represents the golfers who have won at least three (3) consecutive starts in PGA Tour events. Note that in some cases the players have competed in and failed to win non-PGA Tour events in between these events.

text:
Player
Year(s)

11 wins

 Byron Nelson

1945

7 wins

 Tiger Woods

2006–2007

6 wins

 Ben Hogan

1948

 Tiger Woods

1999–2000

5 wins

 Tiger Woods

2007–2008

4 wins

 Byron Nelson

1945–1946

 Jack Burke, Jr.

1952

 Ben Hogan

1953

3 wins

 Walter Hagen

1923

 Joe Kirkwood, Sr.

1924

 Bill Mehlhorn

1929

 Horton Smith

1929

 Paul Runyan

1933

 Henry Picard

1939

 Jimmy Demaret

1940

 Ben Hogan

1940

 Byron Nelson

1944

 Sam Snead

1945

 Ben Hogan

1946 (twice)

 Bobby Locke

1947

 Jim Ferrier

1951

 Billy Casper

1960

 Arnold Palmer

1960

 Arnold Palmer

1962

 Johnny Miller

1974

 Jack Nicklaus

1975

 Hubert Green

1976

 Gary Player

1978

 Tom Watson

1980

 Nick Price

1993

 David Duval

1997

 Tiger Woods

2000

 Tiger Woods

2001

 Vijay Singh

2004

 Rory McIlroy

2014

 Dustin Johnson

2017

text: Sources: 4+ wins,[1] 3+ wins[2]


document_title: Shameless (UK TV series)

question_text: when does fiona come back in shameless uk

text: Shameless (UK TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Series 1 (2004)[edit]

text: The first series of Shameless ran from 19 January to 24 February 2004. It consisted of 7 episodes.

text: The first series chronicled the life of the Gallagher family and their neighbours. David Threlfall was cast as alcoholic father of six, Frank Gallagher. Anne-Marie Duff was cast as his eldest daughter and "head" of the family, Fiona.[1] Jody Latham and Gerard Kearns played Gallagher brothers Lip and Ian. Twin brothers Elliott and Luke Tittensor both took on the role of youngster Carl Gallagher, whilst Rebecca Ryan was cast as Debbie Gallagher, and Liam was played by Joseph Furnace (series 1-2) and Johnny Bennett (series 3-8). Other characters included James McAvoy as Fiona's boyfriend Steve McBride. The Gallaghers' next-door neighbours Kev and Veronica, were played by Dean Lennox Kelly and Maxine Peake. Maggie O'Neill played agoraphobic Sheila Jackson, a love interest of Frank. Appearing alongside her were Rebecca Atkinson as her 15 year old wayward daughter Karen and Steve Pemberton appeared in the first two episodes as Karen's god-fearing father Eddie. Two other characters were introduced, local shopkeepers Kash and Yvonne Karib, played by Chris Bisson and Kelli Hollis. The series also debuted future regular cast members, including Jack Deam, as Veronica's arsonist brother Marty Fisher, their mother Carol, played by Marjorie Yates. The local pub landlady Jez, played by Lindsey Dawson. Samantha Siddall appeared in one episode as Mandy Maguire, whilst Anthony Flanagan and Warren Donnelly appeared together as local coppers PC Tony and Stan Waterman.

text: The "main" storyline during the first series was the romance between Fiona and Steve. However, many other plots took centre stage throughout the series, in particular, the sexual affair between Frank Gallagher and Sheila, the mother of Karen Jackson, who was dating Lip. The storyline ended with a violent showdown between father and son, and Karen absconding from Chatsworth. Other storylines included Ian Gallagher's homosexuality and his affair with shopkeeper Kash, Kev and Veronica's "fake" wedding, Sheila attempting to overcome her agoraphobia, and Frank's strained relationship with most of his kids. The series concluded with a "two-part story", featuring the return of the Gallaghers' absent mother Monica, played by Annabelle Apsion, and Frank's growing debts. The series concludes with Frank faking his own death to evade bailiffs and his growing debts and the announcement that Sheila, who had overcome her agoraphobia, was pregnant by Frank.

text: Series 2 (2005)[edit]

text: The second series ran from 4 January to 8 March 2005. It consisted of 10 regular episodes and a Christmas Special (which aired on 23 December 2004) for a total of 11 episodes.

text: Series 3 (2006)[edit]

text: The third series began on 3 January 2006 and ended on 21 February 2006. The series was reduced to eight episodes.

text: The third series was the first series to not feature Fiona or Steve who were both heavily featured in the previous series. This series saw Carl's character, who had a minor role in the first series, and a slightly larger role in the second, expanded. This series also saw the introduction of Nicky Evans as Shane Maguire, who only appeared in one episode, but would become an essential character in later series.

text: The series kicks off with a New Year's Day special where Debbie convinces everyone Liam has cancer to stop him getting expelled from school but things slowly get out of hand. Monica and Norma Starkey, played by Dystin Johnson, return for one episode this series. Kev and Veronica unsuccessfully trying for a baby through IVF, Mandy giving birth to Lip's baby and Frank and Sheila getting married are all storylines covered in the third series.

text: Series 4 (2007)[edit]

text: The fourth series, again consisting of 8 episodes, ran between 9 January 2007 until 27 February 2007. It featured the biggest cast change in the show's 9-year run, with many characters from the first three series departing and many new characters introduced to replace them. Most notably, the series saw the introduction of the Maguire family as main characters rather than the antagonists that they were in the early series. From Series 4, the Maguires would gradually become the focus of the show during its final years. Alongside Tina Malone (Mimi), Sean Gilder (Paddy) and Samantha Siddall (Mandy), new members of the Maguire family were introduced. Firstly, Ciarán Griffiths took on the role of the homosexual yet homophobic Micky Maguire. Aaron McCusker joined the cast as murderer Jamie Maguire, the oldest of the Maguire children who had been in prison for 10 years, whilst Nicky Evans, who appeared in a guest role in Series 3, returned on a regular basis as Shane Maguire. All the Gallagher family returned, with Annabelle Apsion reprising her role again as absentee mother Monica, which ultimately led to the departure of Maggie O'Neill as Sheila Jackson. Dystin Johnson as Monica's lesbian lover, Norma Starkey, also returned as a regular cast member. With the introduction of Aaron McCusker as her new love interest, Rebecca Atkinson, who has played Karen Jackson since the first series, became a more prominent character, having been a recurring character during the second and third series. The Karib family also expanded in Series 4, with the arrivals of Kash and Yvonne's children, Chesney, played by Qasim Akhtar, and Meena, portrayed by Sarah Byrne, occurring this series. The Chatsworth police became a more prominent focus in the series, with Michael Legge and Amanda Ryan portraying young police officers Tom O'Leary and Carrie Rogers, alongside original cast member Warren Donnelly as Stan Waterman.

text: Series 5 (2008)[edit]

text: The fifth series aired between 1 January 2008 to 15 April 2008. It consisted of 16 episodes, a big expansion from previous series.

text: Series 6 (2009)[edit]

text: The sixth series began on 27 January and concluded on 5 May 2009. Again, the series consisted of 16 episodes.

text: The series begins with Debbie's 16th birthday and her break-up from Tom. Ian recovers from amnesia after being struck by a car, and decides he wants more from life than Chatsworth has to offer. Monica is suffering from post-natal depression after the birth of her and Frank's seventh child, Stella. Mickey enrolls in college, and discovers a talent for writing erotica. Maxine Donnelly, played by Joanna Higson, a spirited young auxiliary nurse, befriends both Carl and Debbie, and moves in with the Gallaghers. A parents' meeting at Liam's primary school affirms that Frank's youngest son is a genius. A rift develops in Jamie and Karen's marriage. Ben Batt joined the cast as villainous Joe Pritchard, the captain of the local football team, who began a relationship with Mandy which ended in him becoming abusive. Additionally, he developed an obsession with Karen, leading to an affair, and when she falls pregnant in the last episode of the series, she does not know whether the father is Joe or Jamie. Chris Bisson reprised his role as Kash Karib for a single episode towards the end of the series, with his character being killed-off in a fireworks explosion at the shop as his and Yvonne's lies became apparent to their children, Chesney and Meena. Paddy is held hostage by a mystery woman who gets him addicted to heroin, but things take a sinister turn when she gets Mandy involved, ultimately resulting in tragedy. Samantha Siddall left her role as Mandy Maguire in this series after being killed-off in an explosion, coinciding with her father Paddy's heroin addiction storyline. Series 6 also saw the departures of Rebecca Ryan as Debbie Gallagher, Dystin Johnson as Norma Starkey and Sarah Byrne as Meena Karib, with Annabelle Apsion also leaving her role as Monica Gallagher, however she would return for guest stints in future series. The tone of Series 6 was noticeably darker than previous series, something which continued into Series 7.

text: Series 7 (2010)[edit]

text: The seventh series began on 26 January 2010 and concluded on 4 May 2010. As with series 5 and 6, the seventh series consisted of 16 episodes.

text: Series 7 saw the arrivals of Libby Croker, played by Pauline McLynn, the next serious love interest for Frank, and her battleaxe wheelchair-bound mother, Patty, with Valerie Lilley taking on the role. This series also introduced Maxine's brother Bruce, who would only appear during this series. Also to arrive in Series 7 was Billy Tutton (Michael Taylor), a new love interest for Mimi, who would return as a regular in the following series. Sean Gilder left his role as Paddy Maguire towards the end of Series 7, with Warren Donnelly, Joanna Higson, Gerard Kearns and Ben Batt also leaving their roles as Stan Waterman, Maxine Donnelly, Ian Gallagher and Joe Pritchard. Kelli Hollis also left her role as Yvonne Karib, however she would return in the final series. In the series finale, Mimi surprisingly gave birth to baby Cilla, a storyline which would continue into the eighth series. Karen's bipolar and her affair with Joe, Carl and Chesney being on the run for murder, and the wedding of Shane and Kelly are all prominent storylines to feature in the seventh series.

text: Series 8 (2011)[edit]

text: Unlike any previous series, the eighth series of 22 episodes was split into two halves. The first five episodes were aired consecutively during one week, from 10 January to 14 January 2011, to tie-in with a series-opener story-arc. After this, the series returned to its regular weekly slot, and continued for a further 7 episodes between 18 January to 8 March 2011. After a four-month break, the final 9 episodes of the eighth series began on 30 August 2011 and concluded the series on 25 October 2011. Starting with series 8 the show took a more light hearted, comedy approach, rarely taking on board the gritty realistic drama it had started out with. From this point onwards the shows storylines became increasingly farfetched and viewing figures started to drop rapidly.[citation needed]

text: Series 8 saw a variety of new characters arrive, including the Powell family, consisting of Emmanuel Ighodaro as Jackson, Karen Bryson as Jackson's wife Avril, and Kira Martin as their daughter Letitia. Also, Libby and Patty's relative, Aidan Croker, played by Robbie Conway, arrived to fill the hole left by Liam, following his departure in the early episodes of the series. Billy Tutton returned and is revealed as the father of Mimi's baby, Cilla, while Aysha Kala took on the role of Chesney's cousin, Sita Desai, however the character departed midway through the series. Annabelle Apsion reprised her role as Monica Gallagher for the early episodes of the series, to coincide with a storyline featuring Frank and Libby and the departure of Liam. Also departing this series was Libby, who left after realizing that Frank shows her no affection. Samantha Siddall returned as an apparition of her deceased character Mandy, who appeared as a vision to Mimi when she suffered from insomnia during this series. This series also saw the return of Jack Deam as Marty Fisher as a regular cast member, who left the show in Series 4. When Frank finds himself being framed for brutally mugging a pensioner, Kev Ball, who left the show in Series 4, returned to help, with Dean Lennox Kelly reprising the role for a single episode to mark Shameless' 100th episode.

text: Series 9 (2012)[edit]

text: The ninth series of Shameless began on 9 January 2012 and concluded on 13 March 2012. The ninth series, originally consisting of 22 episodes, was reduced to 11 episodes, with the remaining 11 being turned into the tenth series. Like 2011, the first two episodes aired on two consecutive nights.

text: The ninth series primarily featured the arrivals of Gloria Meak, played by Angeline Ball, and her brother, Dominic Meak, with former EastEnders actor Stephen Lord taking on this role. Gloria embarked on an affair with Jamie after having a catfight with Karen. Also in Series 9, Mimi's glamorous Scottish niece, Ruby Hepburn, portrayed by Kari Corbett, arrived. Ciarán Griffiths left his role as Micky Maguire during this series, with the character leaving after helping a woman give birth and agreeing to raise the baby when the woman tragically dies. Also departing this series was Carl, who made numerous guest appearances before leaving. Prominent storylines for this series include Micky being the victim of a homophobic attack, and Frank, Jamie, Shane, Ruby and Aidan being trapped underground when a plan to rob lottery tickets goes dramatically wrong.

text: Series 10 (2012)[edit]

text: Series 10, originally planned to be the second half of the ninth series, was reduced from 11 episodes to 10. It aired between 13 September and 1 November 2012. As with the last two series, the first two episodes aired on two consecutive nights.

text: The final episode of the tenth series saw three prominent characters depart: Emmanuel Ighodaro left his role as Jackson Powell when he and Avril's mounting debts and fractured marriage become too much, Kari Corbett's character Ruby Hepburn was killed-off when she took Mimi hostage which resulted in her falling out of a window to her death, and Valerie Lilley made her exit as Patty Croker, when she was told that she was dying and wanted Frank to take her to the beach to see Ireland one last time, however Frank left her to go to the pub, allowing the tide to take her away. Jamie continued his affair with Gloria in Series 10, however this stopped following a pregnancy scare, and eventually Karen discovers his deceit. Shane accidentally killed a man after running him over in a hit-and-run, and battled his conscience as he began helping the man's family through their grief.

text: Series 11 (2013)[edit]

text: The eleventh and final series of Shameless began on 26 February 2013 and concluded the show itself on 28 May 2013. An expansion from the last two series, the eleventh series consisted of 14 episodes. The shows final episode saw the return of several departed characters, mostly consisting of the Gallagher children.

text: During the eleventh series, all characters made their final appearances, however only certain characters made exits from Chatsworth. These include Sally Carman as Kelly Maguire, Jack Deam as Marty Fisher, Angeline Ball as Gloria Meak and Stephen Lord as Dominic Meak. A variety of new characters made their first appearances in the final series, including Jacqueline Boatswain as Avril's older sister Patreesha St. Rose and her daughter Mary-Mae, who would begin a relationship with Chesney. Also, Moya Brady - who played The Jockey's former landlady Cassie Western in Series 2 - returned playing Remona, who opened a pharmacy in Chesney's shop. A new family, the Blancos, arrived consisting of Kassi, played by Jalaal Hartley, Esther, portrayed by Isy Suttie, and their three children: Tam (Rhys Cadman), Thalia (Jade Kilduff) and Saul (Lewis Hardaker). Also, Sherilee and Derilee, played by Sarah Totty and Sue Vincent, appeared for a number of episodes as Frank's new prostitutes.

text: Most notably, the role of Stella Gallagher was recast, with Nikita Brownlee playing the character. The final ever episode saw numerous old cast members return, including Annabelle Apsion as Monica Gallagher, Anne-Marie Duff as Fiona McBride, Jody Latham as Lip Gallagher, Elliott Tittensor as Carl Gallagher, Dean Lennox Kelly as Kev Ball and Kelli Hollis as Yvonne Karib. Storylines covered in the final series included Jamie discovering that Paddy is not his biological father, and finding his new half-brother Kassi and his family; Frank's dalliance with prostitutes Sherilee and Derilee, with a hostage situation occurring at the Gallagher household when Derilee's husband Baxter finds out; Shane's brief relationship with a copper, Sgt. Randall (Thaila Zucchi), putting a strain on his relationship with his family; Mimi starting work at a primary school as a governor; and the breakdown of Kelly and Lillian's friendship after Kelly and Marty steal a large amount of money from her.

text: Setting[edit]

text: The Gallagher family resides at 2 Windsor Gardens on the fictional Chatsworth Estate, a deprived council estate in Stretford, Manchester.[2] Originally the show was filmed on location in West Gorton in East Manchester and at the Pie Factory Studios in Salford. Some scenes were also filmed in the Wythenshawe area in the south of the city.

text: After Series 5, the show was filmed at a purpose-built set on the Roundthorn Industrial Estate in South Manchester, on the site of an old Umbro warehouse, and around Wythenshawe and Sale.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Shameless initially focused on the layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next door neighbours, Kev and Veronica. Later the Maguire family was introduced: Paddy, his wife, Mimi, and their three sons—Jamie, Shane and Micky—and daughter, Mandy. The Maguires became the focus of the show as the Gallagher children departed. Other characters also become the focus after only starting off as minor characters, such as those from the Karib family.

text:
Key

Series regular
Series guest
No appearances

text:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Fiona McBride
Anne-Marie Duff

Anne-Marie Duff

Frank Gallagher
David Threlfall

Steve McBride
James McAvoy

Lip Gallagher
Jody Latham
Jody Latham

Jody Latham

Ian Gallagher
Gerard Kearns

Carl Gallagher
Elliott & Luke Tittensor
Elliott Tittensor

Elliott Tittensor

Debbie Gallagher
Rebecca Ryan

Liam Gallagher
Joseph Furnace
Johnny Bennett
Johnny Bennett

Sheila Jackson
Maggie O'Neill

Karen Maguire
Rebecca Atkinson

Kev Ball
Dean Lennox Kelly
Dean Lennox Kelly

Dean Lennox Kelly

Dean Lennox Kelly

Veronica Ball
Maxine Peake
Maxine Peake

Kash Karib
Chris Bisson
Chris Bisson

Chris Bisson

Yvonne Karib
Kelli Hollis
Kelli Hollis

Kelli Hollis

Tony
Anthony Flanagan

Jez
Lindsey Dawson

Carol Fisher
Marjorie Yates
Marjorie Yates

Marty Fisher
Jack Deam
Jack Deam
Jack Deam

Jack Deam
Jack Deam

Mandy Maguire
Samantha Siddall
Samantha Siddall

Samantha Siddall

Monica Gallagher
Annabelle Apsion

Annabelle Apsion
Annabelle Apsion

Annabelle Apsion

Annabelle Apsion

Norma Starkey
Dystin Johnson

Dystin Johnson
Dystin Johnson

Stan Waterman
Warren Donnelly
Warren Donnelly
Warren Donnelly

Lillian Tyler

Alice Barry

Paddy Maguire

Sean Gilder
Sean Gilder

Mimi Tutton

Tina Malone
Tina Malone

Craig Garland

Chris Coghill
Chris Coghill

Sue Garland

Gillian Kearney
Gillian Kearney

Kelly Maguire

Sally Carman
Sally Carman
Sally Carman

Shane Maguire

Nicky Evans
Nicky Evans

Micky Maguire

Ciarán Griffiths

Tom O'Leary

Michael Legge

Jamie Maguire

Aaron McCusker

Carrie Rogers

Amanda Ryan

Chesney Karib

Qasim Akhtar
Qasim Akhtar

Meena Karib

Sarah Patel
Sarah Byrne

Joe Pritchard

Ben Batt

Maxine Donnelly

Joanna Higson

Bruce Donnelly

Philip Hill-Pearson

Libby Croker

Pauline McLynn

Patty Croker

Valerie Lilley

Billy Tutton

Michael Taylor
Michael Taylor

Avril Powell

Karen Bryson

Jackson Powell

Emmanuel Ighodaro

Letitia Powell

Kira Martin

Aidan Croker

Robbie Conway

Sita Desai

Aysha Kala

Gloria Meak

Angeline Ball
Angeline Ball

Ruby Hepburn

Kari Corbett

Dominic Meak

Stephen Lord
Stephen Lord

Stella Gallagher

Nikita Brownlee

Patreesha St. Rose

Jacqueline Boatswain

Mary-Mae St. Rose

Adelle Leonce

Sherilee

Sarah Totty

Derilee

Sue Vincent

Kassi Blanco

Jalaal Hartley

Esther Blanco

Isy Suttie

Tam Blanco

Rhys Cadman

Saul Blanco

Lewis Hardaker

Thalia Blanco

Jade Kilduff

Sgt. Randall

Thaila Zucchi

Remona

Moya Brady

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: In April 2005, the programme's first series won the Best Drama Series category at the British Academy Television Awards. It was also nominated for Best British Drama at the National Television Awards 2007, but lost out to Doctor Who. Shameless won an award at the Royal Television Awards Society North West Awards 2007 where it beat Coronation Street to the Best Continuing Drama Award.[citation needed]

text: In 2011, Owen Jones in his book Chavs criticised the fact that the show portrayed working-class people in a negative light "it fails to address how the characters ended up in their situation, or what impact the destruction of industry has had on working class communities in Manchester".

text: The programme has been sold overseas, where it airs on channels such as SBS One (Australia),[3] UKTV (New Zealand), Acht (Belgium), I.Sat (Brazil), Showcase (Canada), Virgin 17 (France), Nederland 3 (Netherlands), YLE FST5 (Finland), SIC Radical (Portugal), RTÉ Two (Ireland), BBC America (only aired the first series) and Sundance Channel (United States), yes+ (Israel), I.Sat (Latin America) and Jimmy (Italy).Netflix.

text: American version[edit]

text: HBO began developing an American version of Shameless after striking a deal with John Wells.[4]

text: By October 2009, the development had moved to Showtime. John Wells Productions filmed a pilot episode for the cable network in January 2010. It stars William H. Macy in the Frank Gallagher role.[5] Allison Janney was cast as a romantic interest for Frank, but left after taking a job on Matthew Perry's Mr. Sunshine and was unable to be a part of both series. Academy Award nominee Joan Cusack joined the cast as the new Sheila Jackson, along with Emmy Rossum as Frank's sensible and feisty eldest daughter, and Justin Chatwin as a car thief who falls for her.[6] Showtime's Shameless cast also includes Jeremy Allen White, Cameron Monaghan, Emma Kenney, Ethan Cutkosky, Noel Fisher, Steve Howey and Shanola Hampton. The first episode of the series aired on Showtime on 9 January 2011. The American version has received critical acclaim and some of Showtime's highest recorded ratings. As of 2018 eight seasons have aired with a ninth planned, making it the network's longest running original-scripted program.

text: Turkish version[edit]

text: On September 14, 2017, Fox Türkiye began airing the Turkish adaptation starring Hazal Kaya and Burak Deniz. It is titled as "bizim hikaye"

text: Russian version[edit]

text: On September 24, 2017, NTV began airing a Russian Adaption titled Besstydniki Russian for Shameless.[7]

text: Home media releases[edit]

text: This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Shameless: Series 1

Set Details
Special Features

7 Episodes
2 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Meet the Cast
An interview with Paul Abbott

Release Dates

United Kingdom,
Ireland

Australia
United States

27 December 2004
22 September 2005
24 April 2007

Shameless: Series 2 + Christmas Special

Set Details
Special Features

11 Episodes
3 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Feature Length Christmas Special
Audio Commentary (Episode 4) Featuring Paul Abbott, Dearbhla Walsh & Matt Jones

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland
Australia

31 October 2005
7 October 2010

Shameless: Series 2

Set Details
Special Features

10 Episodes
3 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Audio Commentary (Episode 4) Featuring Paul Abbott, Dearbhla Walsh & Matt Jones

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

16 January 2006

Shameless: Series 3 + New Year Special

Set Details
Special Features

8 Episodes
3 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Feature Length New Year Special
Mockumentary: Being Alice Barry (Lillian Unpeeled)

Release Dates

United Kingdom. Ireland

30 October 2006

Shameless: Series 1-3 Boxset

Set Details
Special Features

26 Episodes
8 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Meet the Cast
An interview with Paul Abbott
Feature Length Christmas Special
Audio Commentary (Episode 4) Featuring Paul Abbott, Dearbhla Walsh & Matt Jones
Feature Length New Year Special
Mockumentary: Being Alice Barry (Lillian Unpeeled)

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

30 October 2006

Shameless: Series 4

Set Details
Special Features

8 Episodes
3 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Take That Sequence Directors Cut
The Missing Scenes
Full Unedited Frank Rant
Outtakes

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

29 October 2007

Shameless: Series 1-4 Boxset

Set Details
Special Features

34 Episodes
11 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Meet the Cast
An interview with Paul Abbott
Feature Length Christmas Special
Audio Commentary (Episode 4) Featuring Paul Abbott, Dearbhla Walsh & Matt Jones
Feature Length New Year Special
Mockumentary: Being Alice Barry (Lillian Unpeeled)
Take That Sequence Directors Cut
The Missing Scenes
Full Unedited Frank Rant
Outtakes

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

29 October 2007

Shameless: Series 5

Set Details
Special Features

16 Episodes
5 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Behind-The Scenes
Exclusives Audio Commentaries on Episode 9 & 11
Building The Set
Outtakes
Deleted Scenes

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

21 April 2008

Shameless: Series 1-5 Boxset

Set Details
Special Features

50 Episodes
16 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Meet the Cast
An interview with Paul Abbott
Feature Length Christmas Special
Audio Commentary (Episode 4) Featuring Paul Abbott, Dearbhla Walsh & Matt Jones
Feature Length New Year Special
Mockumentary: Being Alice Barry (Lillian Unpeeled)
Take That Sequence Directors Cut
The Missing Scenes
Full Unedited Frank Rant
Outtakes From Series 4 And 5
Behind-The Scenes Exclusives
Audio Commentaries
Building The Set

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

21 April 2008

Shameless: Series 6

Set Details
Special Features

16 Episodes
5 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Meeting Danny
Meeting Carl & Maxine
Frank's Alternative Titles
Deleted and Extended Scenes
Outtakes
Audio Commentary - Episodes 7&12
Her name was Maxine his name was Carl
Jockey Drinking Game (Alphabet Males)

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

18 May 2009

Shameless: Series 1-6 Boxset

Set Details
Special Features

66 Episodes
21 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Meet the Cast
An interview with Paul Abbott
Feature Length Christmas Special
Audio Commentary (Episode 4) Featuring Paul Abbott, Dearbhla Walsh & Matt Jones
Feature Length New Year Special
Mockumentary: Being Alice Barry (Lillian Unpeeled)
Take That Sequence Directors Cut
The Missing Scenes
Full Unedited Frank Rant
Outtakes From Series 4-6
Behind-The Scenes Exclusives
Audio Commentaries
Building The Set
Meeting Danny
Meeting Carl & Maxine
Frank's Alternative Titles
Deleted and Extended Scenes
Audio Commentary - Episodes 7&12
Her name was Maxine his name was Carl
Jockey Drinking Game (Alphabet Males)

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

18 May 2009

Shameless: Series 7

Set Details
Special Features

16 Episodes
4 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Deleted and Extended scenes
Audio commentary

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

17 May 2010

Shameless: Series 1-7 Boxset

Set Details
Special Features

82 Episodes
25 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

17 May 2010

Shameless: Series 8

Set Details
Special Features

22 Episodes
4 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

9 January 2012

Shameless: Series 1-8 Boxset

Set Details
Special Features

104 Episodes
31 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Special Features To Be Confirmed

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

9 January 2012

Shameless: Series 9

Set Details
Special Features

11 Episodes
3 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

25 February 2013

Shameless: Series 10

Set Details
Special Features

10 Episodes
3 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

20 May 2013

Shameless: Series 11

Set Details
Special Features

14 Episodes
4 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

2 September 2013

Shameless: Complete Series 1-11 Boxset

Set Details
Special Features

139 Episodes
41 Disc Set
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Subtitles: yes (English)
English (Stereo)

Special Features To Be Confirmed

Release Dates

United Kingdom, Ireland

2 September 2013