document_title: Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah

question_text: where is the set of taarak mehta ka ooltah chashmah

text: Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Gokuldham Society is a residential society in Powder Galli, Goregaon, Mumbai with three wings: A Wing, B Wing and C Wing. Although the society has more than 50 flats, the show revolves around the lives of eight families:

text:
Jethalal Champaklal Gada, an electronics shop-owner from Kutch district, Gujarat, and his wife Daya, father Champaklal Jayantilal Gada and son Tipendra (Tapu). Residents of B Wing.
The narrator, Taarak Mehta, a column-writer and his wife Anjali, a disciplined dietician who are from Gujarat. Residents of B Wing.
The society's secretary, Aatmaram Tukaram Bhide, a home tutor from Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, his wife Madhavi, a business woman and daughter Sonalika (Sonu). Residents of A Wing.
Dr. Hansraj Hathi, the resident doctor from Uttar Pradesh, his wife Komal and son Gulabkumar (Goli). Residents of A Wing.
Roshan Singh Sodhi, a car mechanic from Amritsar, Punjab and his Parsi wife, also named Roshan and their son Gurucharan (Gogi). Residents of A Wing.
Krishnan Subramaniam Iyer, a Tamil scientist from Chennai, Tamil Nadu and his Bengali wife Babita from Kolkata, West Bengal. Residents of C Wing.
Popatlal Pandey, a newspaper journalist working for Toofan Express and from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Residents of C Wing.
Pinku, part of the Tapu sena and resides in A Wing.

tag: ul

text: There are also other recurring characters including Sundarlal (brother of Jethalal's wife Daya, from Ahmedabad, Gujarat)and his friends. Abdul, the shopkeeper of the provisions store located outside the society entrance, reporter Rita Shrivastav from 'Kal Tak' a news channel, Inspector Chalu Pandey, Asit Kumarr Modi as himself, Jethalal's shop assistants - Natwarlal Prabhashankar Udhaiwala (Natu Kaka) and his nephew Baagheshwar Dadu Udhaiwala (Baagha), who are often bent on doing the wrong job, and Baagha's fiancée Bawri Dhondulal Kanpuria.

text: The members of the society and other characters have a good psychological bond of love and sympathy for one another that makes them live like members of one family. They are often seen celebrating festivals and participating in events together. Although they are shown to live the lives of typical Indian families, the characters, more often than not Jethalal Gada, tend to find themselves in trouble, cropping up from routine activities that intensify in a comical manner.

text: The quirks of the individual characters seek to enhance the humour quotient of the show. Whatever the nature of the problem that a member of the society encounters, all the other members stand by them to extend every possible help. In an episode, the resolution of the problem that a character faces is usually followed by a moral message at the end by Taarak Mehta, which is meant for all the characters of the show as well as the viewers.

text: The Tapu Sena[edit]

text: The Tapu Sena is a five-member group of children residing in Gokuldham Society: Tapu (the leader of Tapu Sena), Goli, Gogi, Pinku and Sonu. These children have played significant roles, providing a fun young tone to the show. Usually, the group becomes a nuisance for the other members of the society because of their mischief, while at other times, it draws praises from the members by doing something laudable. Since the beginning of the show, the Tapu Sena has, with their childlike activities, characterized the typical frolicsome Indian children. As the children grow up and mature, the stories are tailored to suit their ages.[2][3]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dilip Joshi as Jethalal Champaklal Gada
Disha Vakani as Daya Jethalal Gada
Raj Anadkat as Tipendra Jethalal Gada (Tapu)
Amit Bhatt as Champaklal Jayantilal Gada Bapuji/Champak Chacha(Bapuji/Chachaji/Dadaji/Champak Chacha)
Shailesh Lodha as Taarak Mehta
Neha Mehta as Anjali Taarak Mehta
Tanuj Mahashabde as Subramaniam Iyer
Munmun Dutta as Babita Iyer
Mandar Chandwadkar as Atmaram Tukaram Bhide
Sonalika Joshi as Madhvi Atmaram Bhide
Nidhi Bhanushali as Sonalika Bhide
Gurucharan Singh as Roshan Singh Harjeet Singh Sodhi
Jennifer Mistry Bansiwal as Roshan Sodhi
Samay Shah as Gurcharan Roshan Sodhi (Gogi)
Azad Kavi as Dr Hansraj Hathi
Ambika Ranjankar as Komal Hansraj Hathi
Kush Shah as Gulabkumar Hathi (Goli)
Sharad Sankla as Abdul
Ghanashyam Nayak as Natwarlal Prabhashankar Udahiwala Nattu Kaka
Tanmay Vekaria as Bagheshwar dhadhu Udhaiwala(Bagha)
Monika Bhadouria as Bawree Dhondulal Kanpuria
Priya Ahuja Rajda as Reporter Rita Shrivastav
Daya Shankar Pandey as Inspector Chalu Pandey
Azhar Shaikh as Pinku
Mayur Vakani as Sundarlal

text: Former cast[edit]

text:
Dilkhush Reporter as Roshan Kaur Roshan Singh Sodhi (2013–2016)
Laad Singh Maan as Sardar Roshan Singh Harjeet Singh Sodhi (2013–2014)
Jheel Mehta as Sonalika Aatmaram Bhide/Sonu (2008–2012)
Nirmal Soni as Dr. Hansraj Hathi (2008–2009)
Bhavya Gandhi as Tipendra Jethalal Gada (2008 – February 2017)

text: Production and promotion[edit]

text: The major part of the shooting is done in Mumbai. However, some parts of the show have also been shot in places such as Gujarat, New Delhi, Goa and in foreign locations such as London, Brussels, Paris and Hong Kong.[4]

text: To celebrate Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah completing 1,000 episodes on 6 November 2012,[5] the director "decided to shoot the film on a different canvas as he does not want the audience to feel that they are watching yet another episode of the serial."[6]

text: In October 2013, Joshi and Vakani participated in a promotional event held in New Jersey at the Expo Center.[7]

text: In February 2015, Joshi, Vakani, and Lodha hosted the red carpet at the 60th Britannia Filmfare awards to promote the 'Clean India' campaign.[8]

text: Reception and impact[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In 2010, the show beat Balika Vadhu to become the most watched television programme in India. The show has constantly achieved high ratings throughout its run, irrespective of the Indian Premiere League. In the first week of 2017, the show stood in fourth position with 6,004 TVT ratings. In the fourth week, the show entered the top five and stood in fifth position with 6,059 TVT ratings. In March 2017, the show remained within the top five shows urban rural metrics. In the 25th week of 2017, the show stood at the top spot with 6,092 TVT ratings. In the 26th week of 2017, the show stood at third spot with 6,049 TVT ratings. It is the longest running scripted show on Indian television.

text: Polish Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage, Piotr Glinski visited the sets of Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah in February 2016.

text: Special episodes[edit]

text: C.I.D. on Sony TV and SAB TV. The Episodes were named as Mahasangam.

text: Awards[edit]

text: Indian Television Academy Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

2008
Best Actress-Comedy
Disha Vakani[9]
Won

2009
Best Actress-Comedy[10]
Won

Best Serial–Comedy[10]
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

2010
Best Serial-Comedy[11]
Won

2012
Best Actor-Comedy
Dilip Joshi[12]
Won

2013
The ITA Scroll Of Honour[13]
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

2014
Best Actor-Comedy
Dilip Joshi[14]
Won

Best Actress-Comedy
Disha Vakani[15]
Won

2015
Best Show - Comedy
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

2016
Best Serial- Comedy
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

text: Indian Telly Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

2009
Best Actor in a Comic Role (Male)
Dilip Joshi[16]
Won

Best Actor in a Comic Role (Female)
Disha Vakani[16]
Won

Best Sitcom[16]
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

Best Sitcom Writer
Raju Odedra and Rajan Upadhyay[16]
Won

2010
Most Popular Actor in a Comic Role (Male)
Dilip Joshi[17]
Won

Most Popular Actor in a Comic Role (Female)
Disha Vakani[17]
Won

Most Popular Child Artist (Male)
Bhavya Gandhi[17]
Won

Best Sitcom[17]
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

Best Sitcom Writer
Raju Odedra and Rajan Upadhyay[17]
Won

2012
Most Popular Actor in a Comic Role (Male)
Dilip Joshi[18]
Won

Best Actress in a Comic Role (Jury)
Disha Vakani[18]
Won

Best Sitcom[18]
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

2013
Actress in a Comic Role (Jury)
Disha Vakani[19]
Won

Best Director (Sitcom)
Harshad Joshi and Malav Rajda[19]
Won

Most Popular Actor in a Comic Role
Dilip Joshi[19]
Won

Best Sitcom / Comedy Program[19]
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

text: Star Guild Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

2011
Best Actor in a Drama Series
Dilip Joshi
Won

2013
Best Comedy Series
Neela Tele Films Private Limited
Won

text: Other awards[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result

2011
Global Honours
Best Actor in a Comic Role (Male)[20]
Won


document_title: Matthew 6:33

question_text: who said seek ye first the kingdom of god

root

text: Matthew 6:33

text: Matthew 6:33 is the thirty-third verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount.[1] This verse continues the discussion of worry about material provisions.

tag: p

text: In the Authorized King James Version of the Bible the text reads:

text: The World English Bible translates the passage as:

text: For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 6:33

text: Jesus has just told his followers not to worry about material things such as food or clothing, as God will provide the needs of his followers. Earlier in the chapter Jesus presented a discussion on how one must not pursue wealth and material things before God. This verse ties the two notions together. If one places the pursuit of the Kingdom of God first, then material needs will follow without need for worry or anxiety. The present imperative verb seek makes clear that pursuing the eschatological kingdom is not a passive act, but one that must be pursued with rigour. Hill notes that the word God is left out of many of the better early manuscripts of the Gospel, and it thus might be a later addition. Kingdom of God is a somewhat unusual phrase, with the author of Matthew generally preferring Kingdom of Heaven. Even without the word it is quite clear that this is a reference to the Kingdom of God.[2] The parallel to this verse at Luke 12:31 does not mention righteousness, but as France notes the author of Matthew shows a special interest in righteousness throughout his gospel.[3]

text: Interpretation[edit]

text: The interpretation or meaning of this verse may be a subjective matter. However, the common perception is speaking of prioritization, in which one who is a believer is to place God above all other things.


document_title: Climate of California

question_text: when does the cold weather end in california

text: Climate of California

text: Temperature range[edit]

text: The cool California Current offshore, enhanced by upwelling of cold sub-surface waters, often creates summer fog near the coast, creating a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb). Further inland, the climate becomes more continental, with some areas turning semi-arid (Köppen BSk), with colder winters and markedly hotter summers. Low-lying inland valleys, especially the Central Valley, have a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), with subtropical temperatures but a well-defined summer dry season and a foggy, rainy season in winter.

text: The temperature gradient between immediate coast and low-lying inland valleys in the south is about 7 °F (4 °C) in winter, the coast being warmer, and in summer roughly 25 °F (14 °C), the interior being warmer. For example, the average daily high in San Francisco in July and August is between 62 and 68 °F (17 and 20 °C),[1][2] and in Walnut Creek, some 20 miles (32 km) inland, the average daily high in July and August is 90 °F (32 °C): a temperature gain of more than one degree (Fahrenheit) per mile.[3] In the south,[where?] the figures are approximately 4 °F and 23 °F (2 °C and 13 °C), respectively. At the coast in Santa Monica, the average high in August is 75 °F (24 °C), while in Burbank, approximately 10 miles (16 km) inland, the average high in August is 95 °F (35 °C): a temperature gain of about two degrees Fahrenheit per mile.[4]

text: During the cooler winter months (October–March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles,[clarification needed] the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (72 °F, 22 °C) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (52 °F, 11 °C) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high/low/mean temperatures of 75 °F/50 °F/63 °F, (24 °C/10 °C/17 °C) respectively during the period of cooler weather from November to April.[5]

text: The extreme southwest, around San Diego, has a subtropical semi-arid or steppe climate (Koppen BSh) as winters are drier there.

text: The southeastern regions have a hot arid climate (Koppen BWh), similar to that of the Sahara Desert. In the northern portion of the Mojave Desert on the east side of the state is Death Valley, which has recorded temperatures among the highest in the world. It is common in the summer for temperatures in the valley to reach 120 °F (49 °C). The highest reliably recorded temperature in the world,[6][7] 134 °F (56.7 °C), was recorded in Death Valley on July 10, 1913. Temperatures of 130 °F (54 °C) or higher have been recorded as recently as 2005. The 24-hour average July temperature in Death Valley is 101.8 °F (38.8 °C) (1981–2010 NCDC Normals).

text:
Alturas

Bakersfield

Bishop

Bodie

Death Valley

Eureka

Fresno

Los Angeles

Needles

Redding

Riverside

Sacramento

San Diego

San Francisco

San Jose

Santa Rosa

South Lake Tahoe

Map of locations in the table below

tag: table

text:
Average daily high and low temperatures in °F (°C)
for locations in California,
colored and sortable by average monthly temperature

Place
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

Alturas[8]
44 / 18
(7 / −8)
48 / 21
(9 / −6)
54 / 25
(12 / −4)
60 / 28
(16 / −2)
70 / 34
(21 / 1)
79 / 40
(26 / 4)
90 / 44
(32 / 7)
89 / 42
(32 / 6)
80 / 36
(27 / 2)
68 / 28
(20 / −2)
52 / 23
(11 / −5)
42 / 18
(6 / −8)

Bakersfield[9]
56 / 39
(13 / 4)
63 / 42
(17 / 6)
69 / 47
(21 / 8)
75 / 50
(24 / 10)
84 / 58
(29 / 14)
91 / 64
(33 / 18)
97 / 71
(36 / 22)
96 / 69
(36 / 21)
90 / 64
(32 / 18)
80 / 55
(27 / 13)
66 / 45
(19 / 7)
57 / 39
(14 / 4)

Bishop[10]
54 / 23
(12 / −5)
58 / 27
(14 / −3)
66 / 31
(19 / −1)
73 / 36
(23 / 2)
82 / 44
(28 / 7)
92 / 51
(33 / 11)
98 / 56
(37 / 13)
96 / 54
(36 / 12)
88 / 47
(31 / 8)
76 / 37
(24 / 3)
63 / 28
(17 / −2)
53 / 22
(12 / −6)

Bodie[11]
40 / 5
(4 / −15)
41 / 7
(5 / −14)
45 / 11
(7 / −12)
50 / 17
(10 / −8)
61 / 24
(16 / −4)
70 / 30
(21 / −1)
78 / 34
(26 / 1)
77 / 32
(25 / 0)
71 / 26
(22 / −3)
60 / 18
(16 / −8)
49 / 11
(9 / −12)
41 / 6
(5 / −14)

Death Valley[12]
67 / 40
(19 / 4)
73 / 46
(23 / 8)
82 / 55
(28 / 13)
91 / 62
(33 / 17)
101 / 73
(38 / 23)
110 / 81
(43 / 27)
117 / 88
(47 / 31)
115 / 86
(46 / 30)
107 / 76
(42 / 24)
93 / 62
(34 / 17)
77 / 48
(25 / 9)
65 / 38
(18 / 3)

Eureka[13]
56 / 41
(13 / 5)
56 / 42
(13 / 6)
57 / 43
(14 / 6)
58 / 44
(14 / 7)
60 / 48
(16 / 9)
62 / 50
(17 / 10)
63 / 52
(17 / 11)
64 / 53
(18 / 12)
64 / 50
(18 / 10)
62 / 47
(17 / 8)
58 / 44
(14 / 7)
55 / 41
(13 / 5)

Fresno[14]
55 / 38
(13 / 3)
62 / 42
(17 / 6)
68 / 46
(20 / 8)
75 / 49
(24 / 9)
84 / 56
(29 / 13)
92 / 62
(33 / 17)
98 / 68
(37 / 20)
97 / 66
(36 / 19)
91 / 62
(33 / 17)
80 / 53
(27 / 12)
65 / 43
(18 / 6)
55 / 38
(13 / 3)

Los Angeles[15]
68 / 48
(20 / 9)
69 / 49
(21 / 9)
70 / 51
(21 / 11)
73 / 54
(23 / 12)
75 / 57
(24 / 14)
78 / 60
(26 / 16)
83 / 64
(28 / 18)
84 / 64
(29 / 18)
83 / 63
(28 / 17)
79 / 59
(26 / 15)
73 / 52
(23 / 11)
68 / 48
(20 / 9)

Needles[16]
65 / 44
(18 / 7)
70 / 47
(21 / 8)
77 / 52
(25 / 11)
85 / 59
(29 / 15)
95 / 68
(35 / 20)
104 / 77
(40 / 25)
109 / 84
(43 / 29)
107 / 83
(42 / 28)
100 / 75
(38 / 24)
88 / 62
(31 / 17)
73 / 50
(23 / 10)
63 / 43
(17 / 6)

Redding[17]
55 / 37
(13 / 3)
60 / 39
(16 / 4)
65 / 43
(18 / 6)
71 / 46
(22 / 8)
81 / 54
(27 / 12)
90 / 61
(32 / 16)
98 / 66
(37 / 19)
97 / 63
(36 / 17)
90 / 58
(32 / 14)
78 / 50
(26 / 10)
63 / 41
(17 / 5)
55 / 36
(13 / 2)

Riverside[18]
69 / 43
(21 / 6)
70 / 45
(21 / 7)
73 / 46
(23 / 8)
78 / 50
(26 / 10)
83 / 55
(28 / 13)
89 / 60
(32 / 16)
95 / 64
(35 / 18)
96 / 65
(36 / 18)
92 / 61
(33 / 16)
83 / 55
(28 / 13)
75 / 47
(24 / 8)
68 / 42
(20 / 6)

Sacramento[19]
54 / 39
(12 / 4)
60 / 41
(16 / 5)
65 / 44
(18 / 7)
71 / 46
(22 / 8)
80 / 51
(27 / 11)
87 / 56
(31 / 13)
92 / 58
(33 / 14)
91 / 58
(33 / 14)
87 / 56
(31 / 13)
78 / 50
(26 / 10)
64 / 43
(18 / 6)
54 / 38
(12 / 3)

San Diego[20]
65 / 49
(18 / 9)
65 / 51
(18 / 11)
67 / 53
(19 / 12)
68 / 56
(20 / 13)
69 / 59
(21 / 15)
71 / 62
(22 / 17)
75 / 65
(24 / 18)
76 / 67
(24 / 19)
76 / 65
(24 / 18)
73 / 61
(23 / 16)
69 / 54
(21 / 12)
65 / 48
(18 / 9)

San
Francisco[1]
57 / 46
(14 / 8)
60 / 48
(16 / 9)
62 / 49
(17 / 9)
63 / 49
(17 / 9)
64 / 51
(18 / 11)
66 / 53
(19 / 12)
66 / 54
(19 / 12)
68 / 55
(20 / 13)
70 / 55
(21 / 13)
69 / 54
(21 / 12)
63 / 50
(17 / 10)
57 / 46
(14 / 8)

San Jose[21]
58 / 42
(14 / 6)
62 / 45
(17 / 7)
66 / 47
(19 / 8)
69 / 49
(21 / 9)
74 / 52
(23 / 11)
79 / 56
(26 / 13)
82 / 58
(28 / 14)
82 / 58
(28 / 14)
80 / 57
(27 / 14)
74 / 53
(23 / 12)
64 / 46
(18 / 8)
58 / 42
(14 / 6)

Santa Rosa[22]
59 / 39
(15 / 4)
63 / 41
(17 / 5)
67 / 43
(19 / 6)
70 / 45
(21 / 7)
75 / 48
(24 / 9)
80 / 52
(27 / 11)
82 / 52
(28 / 11)
83 / 53
(28 / 12)
83 / 52
(28 / 11)
78 / 48
(26 / 9)
67 / 43
(19 / 6)
59 / 39
(15 / 4)

South Lake
Tahoe[23]
43 / 16
(6 / −9)
44 / 18
(7 / −8)
49 / 23
(9 / −5)
54 / 27
(12 / −3)
64 / 32
(18 / 0)
72 / 37
(22 / 3)
81 / 41
(27 / 5)
80 / 40
(27 / 4)
74 / 35
(23 / 2)
63 / 28
(17 / −2)
51 / 22
(11 / −6)
43 / 17
(6 / −8)

text: Full statistics for selected cities[edit]

text:
[show]Climate data for Fresno, California (Fresno Airport), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1881–present[a]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
78
(26)
84
(29)
90
(32)
101
(38)
110
(43)
112
(44)
115
(46)
113
(45)
111
(44)
102
(39)
90
(32)
77
(25)
115
(46)

Average high °F (°C)
54.8
(12.7)
61.6
(16.4)
67.6
(19.8)
74.6
(23.7)
84.1
(28.9)
92.0
(33.3)
98.4
(36.9)
97.1
(36.2)
90.9
(32.7)
79.5
(26.4)
65.1
(18.4)
54.9
(12.7)
76.7
(24.8)

Average low °F (°C)
38.3
(3.5)
41.5
(5.3)
45.6
(7.6)
49.4
(9.7)
56.2
(13.4)
62.4
(16.9)
67.6
(19.8)
66.2
(19)
61.5
(16.4)
53.0
(11.7)
43.4
(6.3)
38.0
(3.3)
51.9
(11.1)

Record low °F (°C)
17
(−8)
24
(−4)
26
(−3)
32
(0)
36
(2)
42
(6)
50
(10)
49
(9)
37
(3)
27
(−3)
26
(−3)
18
(−8)
17
(−8)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
2.19
(55.6)
2.03
(51.6)
2.03
(51.6)
0.95
(24.1)
0.43
(10.9)
0.21
(5.3)
0.01
(0.3)
0.01
(0.3)
0.17
(4.3)
0.63
(16)
1.07
(27.2)
1.77
(45)
11.50
(292.1)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
7.6
8.6
7.5
4.5
2.2
0.7
0.2
0.3
1.0
2.5
5.5
7.5
48.1

Average relative humidity (%)
83.3
77.2
68.9
57.4
47.3
41.9
39.2
44.7
50.0
58.5
74.1
84.2
60.6

Mean monthly sunshine hours
141.5
196.9
286.2
335.5
398.9
412.2
428.2
399.6
345.9
302.3
189.9
127.1
3,564.2

Percent possible sunshine
46
65
77
85
91
94
96
95
93
87
62
42
80

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[24][25][26], Weather.com[27]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Los Angeles (USC, Downtown), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1877–present

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
95
(35)
95
(35)
99
(37)
106
(41)
103
(39)
112
(44)
109
(43)
106
(41)
113
(45)
108
(42)
100
(38)
92
(33)
113
(45)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
83.3
(28.5)
84.3
(29.1)
85.8
(29.9)
91.2
(32.9)
89.7
(32.1)
90.2
(32.3)
94.1
(34.5)
95.3
(35.2)
98.9
(37.2)
95.5
(35.3)
88.0
(31.1)
81.4
(27.4)
102.7
(39.3)

Average high °F (°C)
68.2
(20.1)
68.6
(20.3)
70.2
(21.2)
72.7
(22.6)
74.5
(23.6)
78.1
(25.6)
83.1
(28.4)
84.4
(29.1)
83.1
(28.4)
78.5
(25.8)
72.8
(22.7)
67.7
(19.8)
75.2
(24)

Daily mean °F (°C)
58.0
(14.4)
58.9
(14.9)
60.6
(15.9)
63.1
(17.3)
65.8
(18.8)
69.2
(20.7)
73.3
(22.9)
74.3
(23.5)
73.1
(22.8)
68.6
(20.3)
62.4
(16.9)
57.6
(14.2)
65.4
(18.6)

Average low °F (°C)
47.8
(8.8)
49.3
(9.6)
51.0
(10.6)
53.5
(11.9)
57.1
(13.9)
60.3
(15.7)
63.6
(17.6)
64.1
(17.8)
63.1
(17.3)
58.7
(14.8)
52.0
(11.1)
47.5
(8.6)
55.7
(13.2)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
41.3
(5.2)
42.9
(6.1)
44.9
(7.2)
48.4
(9.1)
53.6
(12)
57.2
(14)
61.2
(16.2)
61.8
(16.6)
59.2
(15.1)
54.1
(12.3)
45.0
(7.2)
40.8
(4.9)
39.1
(3.9)

Record low °F (°C)
28
(−2)
28
(−2)
31
(−1)
36
(2)
40
(4)
46
(8)
49
(9)
49
(9)
44
(7)
40
(4)
34
(1)
30
(−1)
28
(−2)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
3.12
(79.2)
3.80
(96.5)
2.43
(61.7)
0.91
(23.1)
0.26
(6.6)
0.09
(2.3)
0.01
(0.3)
0.04
(1)
0.24
(6.1)
0.66
(16.8)
1.04
(26.4)
2.33
(59.2)
14.93
(379.2)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)
6.1
6.4
5.5
3.2
1.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
1.0
2.5
3.3
5.2
35.7

Mean monthly sunshine hours
225.3
222.5
267.0
303.5
276.2
275.8
364.1
349.5
278.5
255.1
217.3
219.4
3,254.2

Percent possible sunshine
71
72
72
78
64
64
83
84
75
73
70
71
73

Source: NOAA (sun 1961–1977)[28][29][30]

text:
[show]Climate data for Los Angeles (LAX), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1944–present

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
91
(33)
92
(33)
95
(35)
95
(35)
91
(33)
103
(39)
93
(34)
98
(37)
106
(41)
101
(38)
101
(38)
94
(34)
106
(41)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
81.2
(27.3)
81.0
(27.2)
79.6
(26.4)
83.4
(28.6)
79.9
(26.6)
80.0
(26.7)
83.6
(28.7)
85.7
(29.8)
90.1
(32.3)
89.9
(32.2)
85.5
(29.7)
78.9
(26.1)
94.7
(34.8)

Average high °F (°C)
64.6
(18.1)
64.3
(17.9)
64.4
(18)
66.4
(19.1)
68.1
(20.1)
70.6
(21.4)
73.8
(23.2)
74.9
(23.8)
74.6
(23.7)
72.5
(22.5)
68.9
(20.5)
64.6
(18.1)
69.0
(20.6)

Daily mean °F (°C)
56.7
(13.7)
57.1
(13.9)
58.0
(14.4)
60.1
(15.6)
62.7
(17.1)
65.5
(18.6)
68.8
(20.4)
69.6
(20.9)
68.9
(20.5)
65.9
(18.8)
61.1
(16.2)
56.6
(13.7)
62.6
(17)

Average low °F (°C)
48.8
(9.3)
50.0
(10)
51.7
(10.9)
53.8
(12.1)
57.3
(14.1)
60.5
(15.8)
63.7
(17.6)
64.3
(17.9)
63.2
(17.3)
59.3
(15.2)
53.2
(11.8)
48.7
(9.3)
56.2
(13.4)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
41.1
(5.1)
42.5
(5.8)
44.6
(7)
47.5
(8.6)
52.5
(11.4)
56.2
(13.4)
59.8
(15.4)
60.6
(15.9)
58.4
(14.7)
52.7
(11.5)
45.3
(7.4)
40.9
(4.9)
38.8
(3.8)

Record low °F (°C)
27
(−3)
34
(1)
35
(2)
42
(6)
45
(7)
48
(9)
52
(11)
51
(11)
47
(8)
43
(6)
38
(3)
32
(0)
27
(−3)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
2.71
(68.8)
3.25
(82.6)
1.85
(47)
0.70
(17.8)
0.22
(5.6)
0.08
(2)
0.03
(0.8)
0.05
(1.3)
0.21
(5.3)
0.56
(14.2)
1.11
(28.2)
2.05
(52.1)
12.82
(325.6)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)
6.0
6.6
5.8
2.8
1.2
0.6
0.5
0.3
1.0
2.3
3.4
5.2
35.7

Average relative humidity (%)
63.4
67.9
70.5
71.0
74.0
75.9
76.6
76.6
74.2
70.5
65.5
62.9
70.8

Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1961–1990)[28][31][32]

text:
[show]Climate data for Sacramento, California (Sacramento Executive Airport), 1981–2010 normals,[b] extremes 1941–present[c]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
76
(24)
76
(24)
88
(31)
95
(35)
105
(41)
115
(46)
114
(46)
110
(43)
108
(42)
104
(40)
87
(31)
73
(23)
115
(46)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
64.0
(17.8)
70.5
(21.4)
76.8
(24.9)
87.2
(30.7)
95.8
(35.4)
102.3
(39.1)
105.0
(40.6)
103.7
(39.8)
100.1
(37.8)
91.6
(33.1)
76.1
(24.5)
64.6
(18.1)
106.8
(41.6)

Average high °F (°C)
53.8
(12.1)
60.3
(15.7)
65.1
(18.4)
71.1
(21.7)
79.9
(26.6)
87.1
(30.6)
92.1
(33.4)
91.2
(32.9)
87.2
(30.7)
77.6
(25.3)
63.8
(17.7)
53.9
(12.2)
73.6
(23.1)

Average low °F (°C)
38.8
(3.8)
41.4
(5.2)
44.1
(6.7)
46.2
(7.9)
51.1
(10.6)
55.8
(13.2)
58.4
(14.7)
58.0
(14.4)
55.7
(13.2)
50.2
(10.1)
42.8
(6)
38.4
(3.6)
48.4
(9.1)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
29.1
(−1.6)
31.5
(−0.3)
35.1
(1.7)
38.0
(3.3)
42.9
(6.1)
48.7
(9.3)
53.1
(11.7)
53.0
(11.7)
49.2
(9.6)
41.7
(5.4)
32.5
(0.3)
28.5
(−1.9)
26.6
(−3)

Record low °F (°C)
20
(−7)
23
(−5)
26
(−3)
31
(−1)
34
(1)
41
(5)
48
(9)
48
(9)
42
(6)
35
(2)
26
(−3)
18
(−8)
18
(−8)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
3.64
(92.5)
3.47
(88.1)
2.75
(69.9)
1.15
(29.2)
0.68
(17.3)
0.21
(5.3)
trace
0.05
(1.3)
0.29
(7.4)
0.97
(24.6)
2.11
(53.6)
3.25
(82.6)
18.75
(476.3)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
10.3
9.4
9.1
4.9
3.2
1.2
0.0
0.3
1.3
3.6
6.9
9.9
60.0

Average relative humidity (%)
83.3
76.8
71.6
64.5
58.9
55.0
53.2
55.7
57.0
63.1
75.6
82.9
66.5

Mean monthly sunshine hours
145.5
201.3
278.0
329.6
406.3
419.5
440.2
406.9
347.8
296.7
194.9
141.1
3,607.8

Percent possible sunshine
48
67
75
83
92
94
98
96
93
86
64
48
81

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[34][35]

text:
[show]Climate data for Sacramento 5 ESE, California (1981–2010 normals,[b] extremes 1877–present)

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
79
(26)
80
(27)
90
(32)
98
(37)
107
(42)
112
(44)
114
(46)
111
(44)
109
(43)
102
(39)
86
(30)
72
(22)
114
(46)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
65.7
(18.7)
72.8
(22.7)
80.0
(26.7)
90.2
(32.3)
97.9
(36.6)
104.1
(40.1)
106.6
(41.4)
105.4
(40.8)
101.7
(38.7)
93.1
(33.9)
77.0
(25)
65.6
(18.7)
108.3
(42.4)

Average high °F (°C)
54.4
(12.4)
61.2
(16.2)
66.8
(19.3)
72.7
(22.6)
80.9
(27.2)
87.9
(31.1)
93.3
(34.1)
92.2
(33.4)
87.9
(31.1)
77.9
(25.5)
63.7
(17.6)
54.3
(12.4)
74.4
(23.6)

Average low °F (°C)
40.7
(4.8)
43.7
(6.5)
46.5
(8.1)
49.0
(9.4)
53.9
(12.2)
58.4
(14.7)
60.9
(16.1)
60.5
(15.8)
58.4
(14.7)
52.8
(11.6)
45.5
(7.5)
40.4
(4.7)
50.9
(10.5)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
32.8
(0.4)
35.0
(1.7)
38.7
(3.7)
41.9
(5.5)
46.7
(8.2)
51.6
(10.9)
55.0
(12.8)
55.3
(12.9)
52.1
(11.2)
45.1
(7.3)
35.7
(2.1)
31.5
(−0.3)
30.1
(−1.1)

Record low °F (°C)
19
(−7)
21
(−6)
29
(−2)
34
(1)
37
(3)
43
(6)
47
(8)
48
(9)
44
(7)
34
(1)
27
(−3)
17
(−8)
17
(−8)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
3.63
(92.2)
3.90
(99.1)
2.86
(72.6)
1.36
(34.5)
0.75
(19)
0.21
(5.3)
0.02
(0.5)
0.04
(1)
0.35
(8.9)
1.06
(26.9)
2.46
(62.5)
3.43
(87.1)
20.06
(509.5)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
11.2
9.8
9.2
5.2
3.2
1.2
0.1
0.4
1.4
3.6
7.4
10.5
63.5

Source: NOAA[34], Western Regional Climate Center[36]

text:
[show]Climate data for San Francisco (downtown),[d] 1981–2010 normals,[e] extremes 1849–present

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
79
(26)
81
(27)
87
(31)
94
(34)
97
(36)
103
(39)
98
(37)
98
(37)
106
(41)
102
(39)
86
(30)
76
(24)
106
(41)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
67.3
(19.6)
72.5
(22.5)
75.7
(24.3)
82.3
(27.9)
82.7
(28.2)
86.0
(30)
83.1
(28.4)
85.5
(29.7)
89.6
(32)
88.1
(31.2)
76.1
(24.5)
66.4
(19.1)
94.3
(34.6)

Average high °F (°C)
56.9
(13.8)
60.2
(15.7)
61.8
(16.6)
63.1
(17.3)
64.3
(17.9)
66.4
(19.1)
66.5
(19.2)
68.1
(20.1)
70.2
(21.2)
69.2
(20.7)
63.1
(17.3)
57.1
(13.9)
63.9
(17.7)

Daily mean °F (°C)
51.3
(10.7)
53.9
(12.2)
55.1
(12.8)
56.2
(13.4)
57.6
(14.2)
59.6
(15.3)
60.3
(15.7)
61.6
(16.4)
62.7
(17.1)
61.5
(16.4)
56.6
(13.7)
51.6
(10.9)
57.3
(14.1)

Average low °F (°C)
45.7
(7.6)
47.5
(8.6)
48.5
(9.2)
49.2
(9.6)
51.0
(10.6)
52.8
(11.6)
54.1
(12.3)
55.1
(12.8)
55.1
(12.8)
53.7
(12.1)
50.1
(10.1)
46.1
(7.8)
50.7
(10.4)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
40.3
(4.6)
41.8
(5.4)
43.6
(6.4)
45.1
(7.3)
47.7
(8.7)
50.2
(10.1)
51.5
(10.8)
52.6
(11.4)
52.0
(11.1)
49.6
(9.8)
44.2
(6.8)
40.1
(4.5)
38.2
(3.4)

Record low °F (°C)
29
(−2)
31
(−1)
33
(1)
40
(4)
42
(6)
46
(8)
47
(8)
46
(8)
47
(8)
43
(6)
38
(3)
27
(−3)
27
(−3)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
4.50
(114.3)
4.46
(113.3)
3.26
(82.8)
1.46
(37.1)
0.70
(17.8)
0.16
(4.1)
0.00
(0)
0.06
(1.5)
0.21
(5.3)
1.12
(28.4)
3.16
(80.3)
4.56
(115.8)
23.65
(600.7)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)
11.7
11.1
11.0
6.5
3.8
1.5
0.3
1.0
1.7
3.9
8.9
11.6
73.0

Average relative humidity (%)
80
77
75
72
72
71
75
75
73
71
75
78
74.5

Mean monthly sunshine hours
185.9
207.7
269.1
309.3
325.1
311.4
313.3
287.4
271.4
247.1
173.4
160.6
3,061.7

Percent possible sunshine
61
69
73
78
74
70
70
68
73
71
57
54
69

Source #1: NOAA (sun 1961–1974)[37][38][39]

Source #2: Met Office for humidity[40]

text:
[show]Climate data for San Diego Int'l Airport (1981–2010 normals,[f] extremes 1874–present)[g]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
88
(31)
90
(32)
99
(37)
98
(37)
98
(37)
101
(38)
100
(38)
98
(37)
111
(44)
107
(42)
100
(38)
88
(31)
111
(44)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
78.4
(25.8)
79.2
(26.2)
79.8
(26.6)
82.8
(28.2)
79.0
(26.1)
81.2
(27.3)
83.2
(28.4)
85.4
(29.7)
89.5
(31.9)
86.8
(30.4)
82.9
(28.3)
76.6
(24.8)
94.1
(34.5)

Average high °F (°C)
65.1
(18.4)
65.0
(18.3)
65.6
(18.7)
67.5
(19.7)
68.5
(20.3)
70.8
(21.6)
74.6
(23.7)
76.4
(24.7)
75.9
(24.4)
72.8
(22.7)
69.0
(20.6)
64.7
(18.2)
69.7
(20.9)

Average low °F (°C)
49.0
(9.4)
50.7
(10.4)
53.2
(11.8)
55.9
(13.3)
59.4
(15.2)
62.0
(16.7)
65.4
(18.6)
66.7
(19.3)
65.2
(18.4)
60.6
(15.9)
53.6
(12)
48.4
(9.1)
57.5
(14.2)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
41.9
(5.5)
44.6
(7)
47.1
(8.4)
50.7
(10.4)
55.0
(12.8)
59.1
(15.1)
62.5
(16.9)
63.3
(17.4)
60.4
(15.8)
54.4
(12.4)
45.8
(7.7)
41.4
(5.2)
40.3
(4.6)

Record low °F (°C)
25
(−4)
34
(1)
36
(2)
39
(4)
45
(7)
50
(10)
54
(12)
54
(12)
50
(10)
43
(6)
36
(2)
32
(0)
25
(−4)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
1.98
(50.3)
2.27
(57.7)
1.81
(46)
0.78
(19.8)
0.12
(3)
0.07
(1.8)
0.03
(0.8)
0.02
(0.5)
0.15
(3.8)
0.57
(14.5)
1.01
(25.7)
1.53
(38.9)
10.34
(262.6)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)
6.7
7.1
6.5
4.0
1.4
0.8
0.7
0.4
1.2
2.8
4.1
5.8
41.5

Average relative humidity (%)
63.1
65.7
67.3
67.0
70.6
74.0
74.6
74.1
72.7
69.4
66.3
63.7
69.0

Mean monthly sunshine hours
239.3
227.4
261.0
276.2
250.5
242.4
304.7
295.0
253.3
243.4
230.1
231.3
3,054.6

Percent possible sunshine
75
74
70
71
58
57
70
71
68
69
73
74
69

Source: NOAA (sun and relative humidity 1961–1990)[42][43][44]

text: Precipitation[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The large Westerly winds from the oceans also bring moisture, and the northern parts of the state generally receive higher annual rainfall amounts than the south. California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well: moisture-laden air from the west cools as it ascends the mountains, dropping moisture; some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Northwestern California has a temperate climate with rainfall of 15 inches (380 mm) to 50 inches (1,300 mm) per year. Some areas of Coast Redwood forest receive over 100 inches (2,500 mm) of precipitation per year.

text: The Central Valley has a wide range of precipitation. The northern parts of the Central Valley receive substantially greater precipitation from winter storms which sweep down from the Pacific Northwest, while the southernmost regions of the Central Valley are near desert-like because of a lack of precipitation. Parts of the Valley are occasionally filled with thick fog (known locally as "tule fog").

text: The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range, and the Klamath Mountains, have a mountain climate with snow in winter and mild to moderate heat in summer. Ski resorts at Lake Tahoe, Mammoth Lakes, and Mount Shasta routinely receive over 10 feet (3.0 m) of snow in a season, and some years, substantially more – leading, for example, to annual ski races on the Fourth of July.

text: On the east side of the mountains is a drier rain shadow. California's desert climate regions lie east of the high Sierra Nevada and southern California's Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges. The low deserts east of the southern California mountains, including the Imperial and Coachella valleys and the lower Colorado River, are part of the Sonoran Desert, with minimal frost in the winter; the higher elevation deserts of eastern California, including the Mojave Desert, Owens Valley, and the Modoc Plateau, are part of the Great Basin region, which has a more continental climate. During the summer months, especially from July through early September, the region is affected by the Mexican Monsoon (also called the "southwest monsoon"), which drives moisture from the tropical Pacific, Gulf of California, and/or Gulf of Mexico into the deserts, setting off brief, but often torrential thunderstorms, particularly over mountainous terrain.

text: Despite its long coastline, California is not vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Because of the cold California Current from the North Pacific Ocean and the fact that the storms tend to "steer" west, California has only been hit with two tropical storms in recorded history, a storm which came ashore in 1939 and dumped heavy rainfall on the Los Angeles Area and interior deserts and Tropical Storm Nora. The remnants of tropical systems will affect California more commonly, every several years.

text: The ENSO cycle has a huge effect on rainfall and snowfall patterns in California, especially during the winter and spring seasons. During the El Niño phase, the jet stream is located south through California, allowing for warmer temperatures and more heavy rains to occur, particularly in the southern portions of the state. During the La Niña phase, the jet stream is much further north, and therefore the far northern portions of California are wetter, while the southern half stays cool and dry.

text:
Snow in the mountains of Southern California

Summer in the Sierra Nevada at Lake Tahoe

High precipitation in 2005 caused an ephemeral lake in the Badwater Basin of Death Valley.

text: Wildfires[edit]

text:
External video

 Wildfires in California 2015.

text: Summers in inland California can see temperatures well over 100 °F (38 °C) during the day and less than 0.3 in (7.6 mm) of monthly rainfall, particularly in the southern areas. This makes them prone to wildfires. These can be life-threatening and cause evacuation. Wildfires are less common along the coast because of the cooler, more humid summers, but can occur in autumn when the marine layer is less common, making temperatures warmer and humidity drop significantly.

text: Glossary[edit]

text: The following are terms used to describe local or regional weather events.

text:
Santa Ana winds: Santa Anas are hot, high winds that blow from the eastern mountains and deserts towards coastal southern California, usually in the spring and fall. They are the result of air pressure buildup between the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains. This air mass spills out, is pulled by gravity, and circulates clockwise around the high pressure area, bringing winds from the east and northeast; as the air descends in elevation, it heats up and the humidity plummets to less than 15 percent. It is often said that the air is heated and dried as it passes through the nearby deserts, but according to meteorologists this is a popular misconception (it is actually due to adiabatic compression as the air flows from the higher elevations down to sea level); during Santa Ana conditions, it is typically hotter along the coast than in the deserts. As the Santa Ana winds are channeled through the mountain passes they can approach hurricane force. The combination of speed, heat, and dryness turns the chaparral into explosive fuel for wildfires.
Pineapple Express: A complex combination of events, bringing high levels of torrential precipitation to California. The Pineapple Express occurs when the jet stream dips across California, and warm, humid air from the mid-Pacific (from the vicinity of Hawaii–hence, the name) is drawn towards California. The resulting combination can cause extraordinarily heavy rains. A January 2005 Pineapple Express dropped nearly 25 inches (63.5 cm) of rain in Santa Barbara County.
Tule fog: A thick ground fog that settles in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley areas of the California Central Valley. Tule fog forms during the mid fall, winter to early spring after the first significant rainfall. This phenomenon is named after the tule grass wetlands of the Central Valley. Tule fog can extend from Bakersfield to Chico. Accidents caused by the tule fog are the leading cause of weather-related deaths in California; visibility is usually less than an eighth of a mile (about 600 feet or 183–200 m), but can be less than 10 feet (3 m).
May Gray/June Gloom: A characteristic weather pattern of late spring (May and June) in which a combination of inland heat, off-shore cool water, and prevailing wind patterns bring foggy and overcast weather to coastal regions. From Point Conception northwards the gloom continues until early autumn. (See also: Catalina eddy)
Marine layer: The cool, moist layer of air coming in from the ocean which typically includes fog. A standard weather phenomenon along the northern and central California coast from late spring to early fall.
"Earthquake weather:" Any unseasonal, uncomfortable weather, typically hot and more humid than usual, and often associated with high and mid-level clouds, is spoken of (usually jokingly) as "earthquake weather."[citation needed]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Visitors at Redwood National Park

Mediterranean climate at Santa Barbara

Storms over California

Play media

Storms over California


document_title: Hocus Pocus (1993 film)

question_text: who is the teenage girl in hocus pocus

question_tokens: who is the teenage girl in hocus pocus

text: Hocus Pocus (1993 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1693 on October 31, near Salem, Massachusetts, Thackery Binx sees his little sister, Emily, spirited away to the cottage of three witches. There, the Sanderson sisters, Winifred, Sarah and Mary, cast a spell on Emily to absorb her youth and regain their own, killing her in the process. Thackery confronts the witches who transform him into an immortal black cat to live with his guilt for not saving Emily. The townsfolk, led by Binx's father, capture and hang the witches, but Winifred's spellbook casts a curse that will resurrect the witches during a full moon on All Hallows Eve when any virgin lights the Black Flame Candle. Thackery guards the cottage to ensure no one summons the witches.

text: 300 years later on October 31, 1993, Max Dennison moves from Los Angeles to Salem with his family, including his sister Dani. Max is feeling unsettled for the sudden move. While exploring the town, he and Dani meet Allison, whose family owns the Sanderson cottage as a museum. Max suggests that they go there and impress Allison, but promised Dani to go trick-or-treating.

text: Investigating inside the cottage, Max lights the Black Flame Candle and inadvertently resurrects the witches, who plot to continue their plan to suck out the souls of all of Salem's children, beginning with Dani. Escaping, Max steals Winifred's spellbook on advice from Thackery. The witches pursue them to a cemetery, where Winifred raises her unfaithful lover Billy Butcherson as a zombie to chase them on foot. The witches try to acclimate to the 20th century, but are horrified when they discover Halloween has become a holiday, and their broomsticks are stolen. The witches plan to achieve their goals or else they will be disintegrated on sunrise. They pursue the children across town using Mary's enhanced sense of smell. Max, Allison and Dani find their parents at a Halloween party at the town hall, where Winifred enchants the partygoers to dance and sing until they die. At Jacob Bailey High School, the children trap the witches in a kiln to burn them alive. While celebrating, the witches' curse revives them again, and they kidnap Dani and Thackery after Max and Allison open the spellbook exposing their location. Sarah then uses her siren-like voice to mesmerize Salem's children and lure them to the Sandersons' cottage. Max and Allison rescue Dani and Thackery by tricking the witches into believing sunrise came an hour early.

text: Back at the cemetery, Max runs into Billy, who cuts open his stitched up mouth and insults Winifred, joining Max to protect Dani. The witches attack and Winifred attempts to suck out the soul from Dani with the single vial of potion she retrieved from her cauldron. Thackery leaps on Winifred and knocks the potion out of her hand into Max's, but Thackery is thrown to the ground and mortally wounded. Rather than smashing the vial, Max drinks it and apparently makes himself a sacrifice. As the sun rises, Winifred is unable to drain Max's life force from him after falling into the hallowed ground, and soon turns to stone and is disintegrated to dust along with her sisters.

text: As the satisfied Billy returns to his grave, Thackery dies, freeing his soul. He thanks Max, Dani and Allison for their help, and bids farewell to them, before he and Emily walk into the afterlife. As the end credits begin, the exhausted partygoers are freed from the spell and return home. Meanwhile, at the Sandersons' cottage, Jay and Ernie, two male bullies who earlier tormented Max and Dani, remain imprisoned in their cages while passing the time singing "Row, Row, Row Your Boat". Unbeknownst to them, Winifred's spellbook opens its eye to seek its master, possibly hinting that the Sanderson sisters might return again one day.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Bette Midler as Winifred "Winnie" Sanderson, the leader of the Sanderson sisters and the oldest.
Kathy Najimy as Mary Sanderson, the middle sister.
Sarah Jessica Parker as Sarah Sanderson, the youngest sister.

text:
Omri Katz as Max Dennison, a teenager originally from Los Angeles, California who moves to Salem, Massachusetts with his family.
Thora Birch as Dani Dennison, Max's 8-year-old younger sister and an enthusiastic trick-or-treater
Vinessa Shaw as Allison, Max's love interest and native Salem resident
Sean Murray as Thackery Binx; originally a teenager from 1693, he follows Emily into the woods, where he fails to prevent her death at the hands of the Sanderson sisters. The witches transform him into an immortal cat, voiced by Jason Marsden.[4]
Doug Jones as Billy Butcherson; Winifred's lover and a zombie
Charles Rocket as Dave Dennison, Max and Dani's father
Stephanie Faracy as Jenny Dennison, Max and Dani's mother

text:
Amanda Shepherd as Emily Binx, Thackery's younger sister in 1693 who's the same age as Dani.
Larry Bagby as Ernie / "Ice", the leader of a group of high school delinquents
Tobias Jelinek as Jay, another delinquent and Ernie's friend
Steve Voboril as Elijah, a boy from a farm in 1693
Norbert Weisser as Mr. Binx, Emily and Thackery's father
Kathleen Freeman as Miss Olin, Max's and Allison's teacher at Jacob Bailey High School
Garry Marshall (uncredited) as "The Devil", a man wearing a devil costume whom the Sanderson sisters assume to be their "Master."
Penny Marshall (uncredited) as the "Devil's" wife. The sisters assume that she is Medusa due to her curlers, which resemble snakes.

text: Production[edit]

text: In the 1994 TV documentary Hocus Pocus: Begin the Magic, and on the film's Blu-ray release, producer David Kirschner said he came up with the idea for the film one night. He and his young daughter were sitting outside and his neighbor's black cat strayed by. Kirschner invented a tale of how the cat was once a boy who was changed into a feline three hundred years ago by three witches.

text: Hocus Pocus started life as a script for a special original film for the Disney Channel, to be produced by one of the smaller studios owned by The Walt Disney Company. The script, however, caught the eye of Walt Disney Studios, who decided that the film was strong enough to carry well-known names and to attract a cinema audience. Leonardo DiCaprio was originally offered the lead role of Max for a large salary, but declined it in order to pursue What's Eating Gilbert Grape.[5][6] The idea to cast Bette Midler was partly inspired by Midler's Golden Globe-nominated performance in a milestone motion picture for The Walt Disney Company on its Touchstone Pictures line, Down and Out in Beverly Hills. Midler, who plays the central antagonist of the film, is quoted as saying that Hocus Pocus "was the most fun I'd had in my career up to that point".[citation needed]

text: Principal photography began on October 12, 1992. The film is set in Salem, Massachusetts, but most of it was shot on sound stages in Burbank, California. However, its daytime scenes were filmed in Salem and Marblehead, Massachusetts during two weeks of filming with principal cast. Production was completed on February 10, 1993.

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score for "Hocus Pocus" was composed and conducted by John Debney. James Horner was originally slated to score the film, but became unavailable at the last minute, so Debney had to score the entire film in two weeks. Even though he didn't score the film, Horner came back to write the theme for Sarah (sung by Sarah Jessica Parker, more commonly known as "Come Little Children") which is featured in Intrada's Complete Edition of the score.

text: Debney released a promotional score through the internet containing 19 tracks from the film. Bootlegs were subsequently released across the internet, primarily because the promotional release missed the entire opening sequence music.

text:
"Sarah's Theme" - music by James Horner; lyrics by Brock Walsh; performed by Sarah Jessica Parker
"I Put a Spell on You" - written by Jay Hawkins and produced and arranged by Marc Shaiman; performed by Bette Midler
"Witchcraft" - written by Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh; performed by Joe Malone
"I Put a Spell on You" - written by Jay Hawkins; performed by Joe Malone
"Sabre Dance" - written by George Wilson
Chants and Incantations - conceived and written by Brock Walsh

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received negative reviews from film critics, at the time of release. Reception has since grown to be more positive towards the film, and it has become a cult film. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 30%, based on 43 reviews, with an average rating of 3.1 stars out of 5.[7]

text: The Miami Herald called it "a pretty lackluster affair", adding this comment: "Despite the triple-threat actress combo, Hocus Pocus won't be the Sister Act of 1993. There are a lot of gotta-sees this summer, and this isn't one of them."[8] The New York Times' Janet Maslin wrote that the film "has flashes of visual stylishness but virtually no grip on its story".[9] Ty Burr of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C-, calling it "acceptable scary-silly kid fodder that adults will find only mildly insulting. Unless they're Bette Midler fans. In which case it's depressing as hell"; and stating that while Najimy and Parker "have their moments of ramshackle comic inspiration, and the passable special effects should keep younger campers transfixed [...] the sight of the Divine Miss M. mugging her way through a cheesy supernatural kiddie comedy is, to say the least, dispiriting."[10]

text: Home media and television[edit]

text: The film was released to VHS in North America on September 9, 1994,[11] and later to DVD on June 4, 2002.[12] Following the film's release on the latter format, it has continued to show strong annual sales, raking in more than $1 million in DVD sales each October.[12] In the mid to late 1990s, the film was rebroadcast annually on ABC and Disney Channel before switching over to ABC Family's 13 Nights of Halloween lineup in the early 2000s. The film has continuously brought record viewing numbers to the lineup, including a 2009 broadcast watched by 2.5 million viewers.[13] In 2011, an October 29 airing became the lineup's most watched program, with 2.8 million viewers.[14]

text: On September 4, 2012, the film was released on Blu-ray.[15]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Over the years, through various outlets such as strong DVD sales and annual record-breaking showings on ABC Family's 13 Nights of Halloween, the film has achieved cult status.[16] Various media outlets such as Celebuzz and Oh No They Didn't have reiterated such claims.[14][16][17] In October 2011, the Houston Symphony celebrated various horror and Halloween classics, including Hocus Pocus, with "The Hocus Pocus Pops."[18]

text: On October 19, 2013, D23 held a special screening of Hocus Pocus at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, to honor the 20th anniversary of the film. Nine of the cast and crew gathered for the screening, and hundreds of D23 members attended. Returning members included Kathy Najimy, David Kirschner, Thora Birch, Doug Jones, Vinessa Shaw, and Omri Katz.[19]

text: During her Divine Intervention Tour, Bette Midler appeared on stage dressed as Winifred Sanderson. Her Harlettes appeared with her dressed as Mary and Sarah, and the three of them performed the film's version of "I Put a Spell on You".[20]

text: On September 15, 2015, the Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular was introduced at the Magic Kingdom as a part of Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party. The show introduces new actresses as the Sanderson Sisters, who try to make a villain party and summon or attract various Disney villains in the process.[21]

text: In September 2016, entertainment critic Aaron Wallace published Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic, the first full-length book written about the movie. The book includes a foreword by Thora Birch and afterword by Mick Garris. Billed as a "lighthearted but scholarly look at the film," the book analyzes the movie's major themes, which it identifies as festivity, nostalgia, home, horror, virginity, feminism, Broadway-style musical moments, sibling rivalry, "Spielbergian" filmmaking style, Disney villain traditions, and more. Wallace also analyzes Walt Disney World's Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular as part of the movie's legacy and includes "the largest collection of Hocus Pocus fun facts and trivia ever assembled," complete with extensive endnote citations.[22][23][24]

text: Possible sequel and confirmed remake[edit]

text: In July 2014, it was announced that Disney was developing a supernatural-themed film about witches, and that Tina Fey was on board as a producer and star. However, Deadline debunked rumors that the film was a sequel to Hocus Pocus.[25]

text: In November 2014, Bette Midler said in an interview that she was ready and willing to return for a sequel. She also says her co-stars Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy are interested in reprising the roles of the Sanderson sisters as well. Disney has yet to greenlight any sequel.[26]

text: In November 2015, Midler stated in a Facebook Q&A that "after all these years and all the fan demand, I do believe I can stand and firmly say an unequivocal no" in response to a question about a sequel.[27]

text: In June 2016, actor Doug Jones mentioned that Disney had been considering a sequel, and behind the scenes discussions were in place to possibly continue the series.[28]

text: In October 2016, Sarah Jessica Parker was asked by Andy Cohen about a sequel. Her response was, "I would love that. I think we've been very vocal that we're very keen."[29]

text: In Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic, author Aaron Wallace identifies several potential approaches for a sequel, but notes that the project's biggest challenge is the Walt Disney Studios' interest in tentpole projects that promise very high box office returns.[30]

text: In September 2017, screenwriter Mick Garris admitted that he was working on a script for Hocus Pocus 2 and that it would potentially be developed as a television film for Disney Channel, Freeform or ABC.[31] It was later confirmed that it will instead be a remake to air on Disney Channel, with The Royals writer Scarlett Lacey attached to write, original film producer David Kirschner executive producing.[32][33]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Recipient
Result

1994
Saturn Awards
Best Actress
Bette Midler
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress
Kathy Najimy
Nominated

Sarah Jessica Parker
Nominated

Best Fantasy Film
Hocus Pocus
Nominated

Best Special Effects
Hocus Pocus
Nominated

Best Costumes
Hocus Pocus
Won

Young Artist Awards
Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy
Thora Birch
Won

Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy
Vinessa Shaw
Nominated

Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy
Omri Katz
Nominated

Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy
Sean Murray
Nominated

Best Youth Actor in a Voice Over Role - TV or Movie
Jason Marsden
Nominated


document_title: Krishna Cottage

question_text: who is the singer of bepanah pyar hai aaja

text: Krishna Cottage

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film opens at a function celebrating the launch of a book by Professor Siddharth Das (Rajendranath Zutshi). The professor donates a copy of the book to JC College. The college principal removes the book from the library and places it in an abandoned storeroom.

text: A group of close college friends all attend JC College: Manav (Sohail Khan), Shanti (Anita Hassanandani),Kabir (Ali Hassan (actor)), Akshay (Hiten Tejwani),Nupur (Divya Palat) and Talli (Vrajesh Hirjee). Disha (Isha Koppikar), a beautiful girl arrives joins the college. Although Manav is engaged to Shanti, he finds himself strangely drawn towards Disha. Disha gradually gets close to Manav, which perturbs Shanti. Manav explains that he feels strangely protective of Disha but that his real love is Shanti.

text: Strange telekinetic events transpire at Manav and Shanti's engagement, one of which nearly kills Disha. When the group drives Disha home, their car breaks down and they are forced to spend the night at an old halfway house: Krishna Cottage. The peculiar events intensify at Krishna Cottage, and two of the friends are nearly killed. Disha explains that the spirit of her dead boyfriend, Amar Khanna, is the one causing these supernatural occurrences. One day, Nupur reads Professor Siddharth Das's book and discovers that the book exposes something about Amar Khanna. Before she can reveal it, she is murdered by a mysterious force.

text: Talli overhears a conversation between Professor Siddharth Das and the college principal. The professor explains that the book is jinxed and cautions that it must be destroyed. Kabir reads the book and is murdered. Shanti meets Disha's mother, who reveals Disha has been dead for 22 years. Stunned, Shanti flees and is pursued by Disha's spirit. She faints and awakens at the home of a noted medium, Sunita Menon (Rati Agnihotri). Sunita performs a seance that invokes Disha's spirit. The spirit angrily exclaims its quest for the death of the kids.

text: Talli reads the book and learns that it is all about Krishna Cottage, but is murdered by Disha. Professor Das has burnt the last few pages of the book and has also been killed by the spirit. Manav discovers a body preserved in ice. The body bears an uncanny similarity to him; this brings back a flood of visions: Manav was in fact, Amar Khanna in his previous birth. He and Disha were students of JC College many years ago. Disha was madly in love with him, but he turned her down because he thought of her as a friend. Angry, Disha committed murders and framed Amar for it. However, Amar found the murder weapon in Disha's car. Disha crashed the car into the side of a mountain, instantly killing them both. The professor and the principal were witnesses to Amar and Disha's death. Disha has now returned as a spirit to reclaim her lost love.

text: Sunita suggests the only way to stop Disha: Manav and Shanti must be married, as this bond is too strong for a spirit to break. The wedding ceremony commences that night, and Disha's spirit attacks, throwing Sunita up, in the air and she falls down on a tree branch which impales her belly, killing her. Manav then agrees to go with Disha's spirit, but says that while the spirit may claim his body, his heart belongs to his wife Shanti. This finally appeases the spirit and liberates it. The film ends with Manav and Shanti happily married.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sohail Khan as Manav / Amar Khanna
Isha Koppikar as Disha
Anita Hassanandani as Shanti
Rati Agnihotri as Sunita Menon
Vrajesh Hirjee as Puneet "Talli" Kumar
Divya Palat as Nupur
Hiten Tejwani as Akshay
Ali Hassan (actor) as Kabir
Rajendranath Zutshi as Professor Siddharth Das
Rajendra Gupta as J.C. College's Principal
Usha Nadkarni as Disha's mom

text: Track list[edit]

text: The film's soundtrack contains 7 songs composed by Anu Malik & Vishal Shekhar (for Hameesha Tere Saath). Lyrics penned by Sanjay Chhel, Neelesh Mishra, Sameer & Shekhar Ravjiani. The album was released on 16 April 2004.

text:
#
Title
Singer(s)
Lyrics
Length

1
"Bindaas"
Sunidhi Chauhan, Shaan
Sanjay Chhel
6:03

2
"Suna Suna (Bepanah Pyaar Hai Aaja)"
Shreya Ghoshal
Neelesh Mishra
7:24

3
"Aaju Mein Tum"
Alka Yagnik & Kumar Sanu
Sameer

4
"Uff Yun Maa"
Sunidhi Chauhan, Shaan (singer)
Sanjay Chhel

5
"Hamesha Tere Saath"
Vishal Dadlani
Shekhar Ravjiani

6
"Laila Laila"
Sowmya Raoh
Sanjay Chhel

7
"Rang Rang"
Sowmya Raoh, Alka Yagnik, Vishal Dadlani
Sameer
4:02


document_title: State of the Union

question_text: when is the state of the union adress usually given

text: State of the Union

text: Ceremony[edit]

text: The practice arises from a duty given to the president in the Constitution of the United States:

text: He shall from time to time give to Congress information of the State of the Union and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.

text: Although the language of this State of the Union Clause[5] of the Constitution is not specific, since the 1930s, the President makes this report annually in late January or early February. Between 1934 and 2013 the date has been as early as January 3,[6] and as late as February 12.[7]

text: While not required to deliver a speech, every president since Woodrow Wilson, with the notable exception of Herbert Hoover,[8] has made at least one State of the Union report as a speech delivered before a joint session of Congress. Before that time, most presidents delivered the State of the Union as a written report.[6]

text: Since Franklin Roosevelt, the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol. Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term, but this speech is not officially considered to be a "State of the Union".[6]

text: What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5).

text: History[edit]

text: George Washington delivered the first regular annual message before a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1790, in New York City, then the provisional U.S. capital. In 1801, Thomas Jefferson discontinued the practice of delivering the address in person, regarding it as too monarchical (similar to the Speech from the Throne). Instead, the address was written and then sent to Congress to be read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy. However, there have been exceptions to this rule. Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century[who?] have sent written State of the Union addresses. The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981, after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended.[9]

text: For many years, the speech was referred to as "the President's Annual Message to Congress".[10] The actual term "State of the Union" first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase, becoming its generally accepted name since 1947.[10]

text:
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (January 6, 1941)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt's January 6, 1941 State of the Union Address introducing the theme of the Four Freedoms (starting at 32:02)
Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Prior to 1934, the annual message was delivered at the end of the calendar year, in December. The ratification of the 20th Amendment on January 23, 1933, changed the opening of Congress from early March to early January, affecting the delivery of the annual message. Since 1934, the message or address has been delivered to Congress in January or February.

text: The Twentieth Amendment also established January 20 as the beginning of the presidential term. In years when a new president is inaugurated, the outgoing president may deliver a final State of the Union message, but none has done so since Jimmy Carter sent a written message in 1981. In 1953 and 1961, Congress received both a written State of the Union message from the outgoing president and a separate State of the Union speech by the incoming president. Since 1989, in recognition that the responsibility of reporting the State of the Union formally belongs to the president who held office during the past year, newly inaugurated Presidents have not officially called their first speech before Congress a "State of the Union" message.

text: In 1936, President Roosevelt set a precedent when he delivered the address at night. Only once before—when Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to order the U.S. into World War I—had a sitting president addressed Congress at night.[11]

text: Warren Harding's 1922 speech was the first to be broadcast on radio, albeit to a limited audience,[12] while Calvin Coolidge's 1923 speech was the first to be broadcast across the nation.[2] Harry S. Truman's 1947 address was the first to be broadcast on television. Lyndon B. Johnson's address in 1965 was the first delivered in the evening.[12] Three years later, in 1968, television networks in the United States, for the first time, imposed no time limit for their coverage of a State of the Union address. Delivered by Lyndon B. Johnson, this address was followed by extensive televised commentary by, among others, Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Milton Friedman.[13] Ronald Reagan's 1986 State of the Union Address is the only one to have been postponed. He had planned to deliver it on January 28, 1986 but postponed it for a week after learning of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and instead addressed the nation on the day's events.[14][15] Bill Clinton's 1997 address was the first broadcast available live on the World Wide Web.[16]

text: Delivery of the speech[edit]

text: A formal invitation is made by the Speaker of the House to the President several weeks before each State of the Union Address.[17][18]

text: Invitations[edit]

text:
Every member of Congress can bring one guest to the State of the Union address.
The President may invite up to 24 guests with the First Lady in her box.
The Speaker of the House may invite up to 24 guests in the Speaker’s box.
Seating for Congress on the main floor is by a first-in, first-served basis with no reservations. The Cabinet, Supreme Court justices, members of the Diplomatic Corps, and Joint Chiefs have reserved seating.

text: Protocol of entry into House chamber[edit]

text: By approximately 8:30 pm on the night of the address, the members of the House have gathered in their seats for the joint session.[19] Then, the Deputy Sergeant at Arms addresses the Speaker and loudly announces the Vice President and members of the Senate, who enter and take the seats assigned for them.[19]

text: The Speaker, and then the Vice President, specify the members of the House and Senate, respectively, who will escort the President into the House chamber.[19] The Deputy Sergeant at Arms addresses the Speaker again and loudly announces, in order, the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, the Chief Justice of the United States and the Associate Justices, and the Cabinet, each of whom enters and takes their seats when called.[19] The justices take the seats nearest to the Speaker's rostrum and adjacent to the sections reserved for the Cabinet and the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[20]

text: Just after 9 pm, as the President reaches the door to the chamber,[21] the House Sergeant at Arms stands just inside the doors, faces the Speaker, and waits until the President is ready to enter the chamber.[20] When the President is ready, the Sergeant at Arms always announces his entrance, loudly stating the phrase: "Mister Speaker, the President of the United States!"[21]

text: As applause and cheering begins, the President slowly walks toward the Speaker's rostrum, followed by members of his Congressional escort committee.[21] The President's approach is slowed by pausing to shake hands, hug, kiss, and autograph copies of his speech for Members of Congress.[20] After he takes his place at the House Clerk's desk,[21] he hands two manila envelopes, previously placed on the desk and containing copies of the speech, to the Speaker and Vice President.

text: After continuing applause from the attendees has diminished, the Speaker introduces the President to the Representatives and Senators, stating: "Members of Congress, I have the high privilege and distinct honor of presenting to you the President of the United States."[20][21] This leads to a further round of applause and, eventually, the beginning of the address by the President.[21]

text: At close of the ceremony, attendees leave on their own accord. The Sergeants at Arms guides the President out of the Chamber. Some politicians stay to shake hands with and congratulate the President on his way out.

text: Designated survivor and other logistics[edit]

text: Customarily, one cabinet member (the designated survivor) does not attend the speech, in order to provide continuity in the line of succession in the event that a catastrophe disables the President, the Vice President, and other succeeding officers gathered in the House chamber. Additionally, since the September 11 attacks in 2001, a few members of Congress have been asked to relocate to undisclosed locations for the duration of the speech to form a rump Congress in the event of a disaster.[22] Since 2003, each chamber of Congress has formally named a separate designated survivor.[23][24]

text: Both the Speaker and the Vice President sit at the Speaker's desk, behind the President for the duration of the speech. If either is unavailable, the next highest-ranking member of the respective house substitutes. Once the chamber settles down from the President's arrival, the Speaker officially presents the President to the joint session of Congress. The President then delivers the speech from the podium at the front of the House Chamber.

text: In the State of the Union the President traditionally outlines the administration's accomplishments over the previous year, as well as the agenda for the coming year, often in upbeat and optimistic terms.[25] Since the 1982 address, it has also become common for the President to honor special guests sitting in the gallery, such as American citizens or visiting heads of state. During that 1982 address, President Ronald Reagan acknowledged Lenny Skutnik for his act of heroism following the crash of Air Florida Flight 90.[26] Since then, the term "Lenny Skutniks" has been used to refer to individuals invited to sit in the gallery, and then cited by the President, during the State of the Union.[27][28]

text: State of the Union speeches usually last a little over an hour, partly because of the large amounts of applause that occur from the audience throughout. The applause is often political in tone, with many portions of the speech being applauded only by members of the President's own party. As non-political officeholders, members of the Supreme Court or the Joint Chiefs of Staff rarely applaud in order to retain the appearance of political impartiality. In recent years, the presiding officers of the House and the Senate, the Speaker and the Vice President, respectively, have departed from the neutrality expected of presiding officers of deliberative bodies, as they, too, stand and applaud in response to the remarks of the President with which they agree.

text: For the 2011 address, Senator Mark Udall of Colorado proposed a break in tradition wherein all members of Congress sit together regardless of party, as well as the avoiding of standing;[29] this was in response to the 2011 Tucson Shooting in which Representative Gabrielle Giffords was shot and wounded in an assassination attempt. This practice was also repeated during the 2012 address and every address after.[30]

text: Opposition response[edit]

text: Since 1966,[31] the speech has been followed on television by a response or rebuttal by a member of the major political party opposing the President's party. The response is typically broadcast from a studio with no audience. In 1970, the Democratic Party put together a TV program with their speech to reply to President Nixon, as well as a televised response to Nixon's written speech in 1973.[32] The same was done by Democrats for President Reagan's speeches in 1982 and 1985. The response is not always produced in a studio; in 1997, the Republicans for the first time delivered the response in front of high school students.[33] In 2004, the Democratic Party's response was also delivered in Spanish for the first time, by New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson.[34] In 2011, Minnesota Congresswoman Michele Bachmann also gave a televised response for the Tea Party Express, a first for a political movement.[35]

text: Significance[edit]

text: Although much of the pomp and ceremony behind the State of the Union address is governed by tradition rather than law, in modern times, the event is seen as one of the most important in the US political calendar. It is one of the few instances when all three branches of the US government are assembled under one roof: members of both houses of Congress constituting the legislature, the President's Cabinet constituting the executive, and the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court constituting the judiciary. In addition, the military is represented by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, while foreign governments are represented by the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps. The address has also been used as an opportunity to honor the achievements of some ordinary Americans, who are typically invited by the President to sit with the First Lady.[28]

text: Local versions[edit]

text: Certain states have a similar annual address given by the governor. For most of them, it is called the State of the State address. In Iowa, it is called the Condition of the State Address; in Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, the speech is called the State of the Commonwealth address. The mayor of Washington, D.C. gives a State of the District address. American Samoa has a State of the Territory address given by the governor. Puerto Rico has a State Address given by the governor.

text: Some cities or counties also have an annual State of the City Address given by the mayor, county commissioner or board chair, including Sonoma County, California; Orlando, Florida; Cincinnati, Ohio; New Haven, Connecticut; Parma, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Seattle, Washington; Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Buffalo, New York; Rochester, New York; San Antonio, Texas; McAllen, Texas; and San Diego, California. The Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County in Nashville, Tennessee gives a speech similar called the State of Metro Address. Some university presidents give a State of the University address at the beginning of every academic term.[36][37] Private companies usually have a "State of the Corporation" or "State of the Company" address given by the respective CEO.[38]

text: The State of the Union model has also been adopted by the European Union,[39] and in France since the presidency of Emmanuel Macron.

text: Historic speeches[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
President James Monroe first stated the Monroe Doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress on December 2, 1823. It became a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States and one of its longest-standing tenets, and would be invoked by many U.S. statesmen and several U.S. presidents, including Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan.
The Four Freedoms were goals first articulated by Franklin D. Roosevelt on January 6, 1941. In an address known as the Four Freedoms speech, he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
During his State of the Union Address on January 11, 1944, FDR proposed the Second Bill of Rights. Roosevelt's argument was that the "political rights" guaranteed by the constitution and the Bill of Rights had "proved inadequate to assure us equality in the pursuit of happiness".
During his State of the Union address on January 8, 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson introduced legislation that would come to be known as the "War on Poverty". This legislation was proposed by Johnson in response to a national poverty rate of around nineteen percent. The speech led the United States Congress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act, which established the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to administer the local application of federal funds targeted against poverty.
During his State of the Union address on January 15, 1975, Gerald R. Ford very bluntly stated that "the state of the Union is not good: Millions of Americans are out of work...  We depend on others for essential energy. Some people question their Government's ability to make hard decisions and stick with them; they expect Washington politics as usual." Ford said he didn't "expect much, if any, applause. The American people want action, and it will take both the Congress and the President to give them what they want. Progress and solutions can be achieved, and they will be achieved."

text: In his 2002 State of the Union Address, President George W. Bush identified North Korea, Iran, and Iraq as representing significant threats to the United States. He said, "States like these and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil, arming to threaten the peace of the world". In this speech, he would outline the objectives for the War on Terror.

text: TV ratings[edit]

text: Television ratings for recent State of the Union Addresses were:[40][41][42]

text:
Date

President

Viewers,
millions

Households,
millions

Rating

Networks

1/30/2018

Donald Trump

45.551

32.168

26.9

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, ESTRELLA, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION, CNN, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, MSNBC, PBS

2/28/2017

Donald Trump

47.741

33.857

28.7

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, UNIVISION, PBS, CNN, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, MSNBC, NBC UNIVERSO

1/12/2016

Barack Obama

31.334

23.040

19.6

ABC, AL JAZEERA AMERICA, AZTECA, CBS, CNN, FOX, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, GALAVISION, MSNBC, NBC, NBC UNIVERSO, UNIVISION**

1/20/2015

Barack Obama

31.710

23.137

19.9

ABC, AL JAZEERA AMERICA, AZTECA, CBS, CNN, FOX, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, GALAVISION, MSNBC, MUNDOFOX, NBC, UNIVISION**

1/28/2014

Barack Obama

33.299

23.949

20.7

CBS, ABC, NBC, FOX, AZTECA, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, CNN, MSNBC, CNBC, AL JAZEERA AMERICA, GALAVISION, MUN2, UNIVISION**

2/12/2013

Barack Obama

33.497

24.767

21.8

FOX, ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, AZTECA, UNIVISION, MFX, CNBC, CNN, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, MSNBC, CURRENT, CENTRIC, GALAVISION

1/24/2012

Barack Obama

37.752

27.569

24.0

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, TELEMUNDO, TF, UNIVISION, CNBC, CNN, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, GALAVISION, MSNBC, MUN2

1/25/2011

Barack Obama

42.789

30.871

26.6

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION, CNN, CENTRIC, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC

1/27/2010

Barack Obama

48.009

34.182

29.8

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION, CNN, BET, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC

2/24/2009

Barack Obama

52.373

37.185

32.5

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION

1/28/2008

George W. Bush

37.515

27.702

24.7

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO**, UNIVISION

1/24/2007

George W. Bush

45.486

32.968

29.6

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION

2/01/2006

George W. Bush

43.179

30.528

31.2

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO, AZTECA AMERICA, TELFUTURA

2/02/2005

George W. Bush

39.432

28.359

35.3

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO, TELEFUTURA

1/20/2004

George W. Bush

43.411

30.286

28.0

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC

1/28/2003

George W. Bush

62.061

41.447

38.8

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC

1/29/2002

George W. Bush

51.773

35.547

33.6

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC

2/27/2001

George W. Bush

39.793

28.201

27.6

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC

1/27/2000

Bill Clinton

31.478

22.536

22.4

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC

1/19/1999

Bill Clinton

43.500

30.700

31.0

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC

1/27/1998

Bill Clinton

53.077

36.513

37.2

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, CNBC

2/04/1997

Bill Clinton

41.100

27.600

28.4

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN

1/23/1996

Bill Clinton

40.900

28.400

29.6

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN

1/24/1995

Bill Clinton

42.200

28.100

29.5

ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN

1/25/1994

Bill Clinton

45.800

31.000

32.9

ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN

2/17/1993

Bill Clinton

66.900

41.200

44.3

ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN


document_title: List of Game of Thrones episodes

question_text: what was the latest game of thrones episode

text: List of Game of Thrones episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Avg. U.S. viewers
(millions)

First aired
Last aired

1
10
April 17, 2011 (2011-04-17)
June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19)
2.52[13]

2
10
April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01)
June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03)
3.80[13]

3
10
March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31)
June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09)
4.97[14]

4
10
April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06)
June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)
6.84[15]

5
10
April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12)
June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14)
6.88[16]

6
10
April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24)
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)
7.69[17]

7
7
July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16)
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
10.26[18]

8
6
2019 (2019)[12]
2019 (2019)[12]
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2011)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Winter Is Coming"
Tim Van Patten
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 17, 2011 (2011-04-17)
2.22[19]

2
2
"The Kingsroad"
Tim Van Patten
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 24, 2011 (2011-04-24)
2.20[20]

3
3
"Lord Snow"
Brian Kirk
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 1, 2011 (2011-05-01)
2.44[21]

4
4
"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things"
Brian Kirk
Bryan Cogman
May 8, 2011 (2011-05-08)
2.45[22]

5
5
"The Wolf and the Lion"
Brian Kirk
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 15, 2011 (2011-05-15)
2.58[23]

6
6
"A Golden Crown"
Daniel Minahan
Story by : David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
Teleplay by : Jane Espenson and David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 22, 2011 (2011-05-22)
2.44[24]

7
7
"You Win or You Die"
Daniel Minahan
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 29, 2011 (2011-05-29)
2.40[25]

8
8
"The Pointy End"
Daniel Minahan
George R. R. Martin
June 5, 2011 (2011-06-05)
2.72[26]

9
9
"Baelor"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 12, 2011 (2011-06-12)
2.66[27]

10
10
"Fire and Blood"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19)
3.04[28]

text: Season 2 (2012)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"The North Remembers"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01)
3.86[29]

12
2
"The Night Lands"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 8, 2012 (2012-04-08)
3.76[30]

13
3
"What Is Dead May Never Die"
Alik Sakharov
Bryan Cogman
April 15, 2012 (2012-04-15)
3.77[31]

14
4
"Garden of Bones"
David Petrarca
Vanessa Taylor
April 22, 2012 (2012-04-22)
3.65[32]

15
5
"The Ghost of Harrenhal"
David Petrarca
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 29, 2012 (2012-04-29)
3.90[33]

16
6
"The Old Gods and the New"
David Nutter
Vanessa Taylor
May 6, 2012 (2012-05-06)
3.88[34]

17
7
"A Man Without Honor"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 13, 2012 (2012-05-13)
3.69[35]

18
8
"The Prince of Winterfell"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 20, 2012 (2012-05-20)
3.86[36]

19
9
"Blackwater"
Neil Marshall
George R. R. Martin
May 27, 2012 (2012-05-27)
3.38[37]

20
10
"Valar Morghulis"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03)
4.20[38]

text: Season 3 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

21
1
"Valar Dohaeris"
Daniel Minahan
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31)
4.37[39]

22
2
"Dark Wings, Dark Words"
Daniel Minahan
Vanessa Taylor
April 7, 2013 (2013-04-07)
4.27[40]

23
3
"Walk of Punishment"
David Benioff
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 14, 2013 (2013-04-14)
4.72[41]

24
4
"And Now His Watch Is Ended"
Alex Graves
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 21, 2013 (2013-04-21)
4.87[42]

25
5
"Kissed by Fire"
Alex Graves
Bryan Cogman
April 28, 2013 (2013-04-28)
5.35[43]

26
6
"The Climb"
Alik Sakharov
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 5, 2013 (2013-05-05)
5.50[44]

27
7
"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
Michelle MacLaren
George R. R. Martin
May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12)
4.84[45]

28
8
"Second Sons"
Michelle MacLaren
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 19, 2013 (2013-05-19)
5.13[46]

29
9
"The Rains of Castamere"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 2, 2013 (2013-06-02)
5.22[47]

30
10
"Mhysa"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09)
5.39[48]

text: Season 4 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

31
1
"Two Swords"
D. B. Weiss
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06)
6.64[49]

32
2
"The Lion and the Rose"
Alex Graves
George R. R. Martin
April 13, 2014 (2014-04-13)
6.31[50]

33
3
"Breaker of Chains"
Alex Graves
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 20, 2014 (2014-04-20)
6.59[51]

34
4
"Oathkeeper"
Michelle MacLaren
Bryan Cogman
April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27)
6.95[52]

35
5
"First of His Name"
Michelle MacLaren
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 4, 2014 (2014-05-04)
7.16[53]

36
6
"The Laws of Gods and Men"
Alik Sakharov
Bryan Cogman
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
6.40[54]

37
7
"Mockingbird"
Alik Sakharov
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)
7.20[55]

38
8
"The Mountain and the Viper"
Alex Graves
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 1, 2014 (2014-06-01)
7.17[56]

39
9
"The Watchers on the Wall"
Neil Marshall
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 8, 2014 (2014-06-08)
6.95[57]

40
10
"The Children"
Alex Graves
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)
7.09[58]

text: Season 5 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

41
1
"The Wars to Come"
Michael Slovis
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12)
8.00[59]

42
2
"The House of Black and White"
Michael Slovis
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 19, 2015 (2015-04-19)
6.81[60]

43
3
"High Sparrow"
Mark Mylod
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 26, 2015 (2015-04-26)
6.71[61]

44
4
"Sons of the Harpy"
Mark Mylod
Dave Hill
May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03)
6.82[62]

45
5
"Kill the Boy"
Jeremy Podeswa
Bryan Cogman
May 10, 2015 (2015-05-10)
6.56[63]

46
6
"Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken"
Jeremy Podeswa
Bryan Cogman
May 17, 2015 (2015-05-17)
6.24[64]

47
7
"The Gift"
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 24, 2015 (2015-05-24)
5.40[65]

48
8
"Hardhome"
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 31, 2015 (2015-05-31)
7.01[66]

49
9
"The Dance of Dragons"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 7, 2015 (2015-06-07)
7.14[67]

50
10
"Mother's Mercy"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14)
8.11[68]

text: Season 6 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

51
1
"The Red Woman"
Jeremy Podeswa
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24)
7.94[69]

52
2
"Home"
Jeremy Podeswa
Dave Hill
May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01)
7.29[70]

53
3
"Oathbreaker"
Daniel Sackheim
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 8, 2016 (2016-05-08)
7.28[71]

54
4
"Book of the Stranger"
Daniel Sackheim
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)
7.82[72]

55
5
"The Door"
Jack Bender
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)
7.89[73]

56
6
"Blood of My Blood"
Jack Bender
Bryan Cogman
May 29, 2016 (2016-05-29)
6.71[74]

57
7
"The Broken Man"
Mark Mylod
Bryan Cogman
June 5, 2016 (2016-06-05)
7.80[75]

58
8
"No One"
Mark Mylod
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 12, 2016 (2016-06-12)
7.60[76]

59
9
"Battle of the Bastards"
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)
7.66[77]

60
10
"The Winds of Winter"
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)
8.89[78]

text: Season 7 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

61
1
"Dragonstone"
Jeremy Podeswa
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16)
10.11[79]

62
2
"Stormborn"
Mark Mylod
Bryan Cogman
July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)
9.27[80]

63
3
"The Queen's Justice"
Mark Mylod
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
9.25[81]

64
4
"The Spoils of War"
Matt Shakman
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
10.17[82]

65
5
"Eastwatch"
Matt Shakman
Dave Hill
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
10.72[83]

66
6
"Beyond the Wall"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
10.24[84]

67
7
"The Dragon and the Wolf"
Jeremy Podeswa
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
12.07[85]

text: Season 8[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by [86][87]
Written by [88]
Original air date [12]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

68
1
TBA
David Nutter
Dave Hill
2019 (2019)
TBD

69
2
TBA
David Nutter
Bryan Cogman
2019 (2019)
TBD

70
3
TBA
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
2019 (2019)
TBD

71
4
TBA
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
2019 (2019)
TBD

72
5
TBA
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
2019 (2019)
TBD

73
6
TBA
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
2019 (2019)
TBD

text: Home media releases[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
DVD release date

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

1
10
March 6, 2012[89]
March 5, 2012[90]
August 10, 2012[91]

2
10
February 19, 2013[92]
March 4, 2013[93]
March 6, 2013[94]

3
10
February 18, 2014[95]
February 17, 2014[96]
February 19, 2014[97]

4
10
February 17, 2015[98]
February 16, 2015[99]
February 18, 2015[100]

5
10
March 15, 2016[101]
March 14, 2016[102]
March 16, 2016[103]

6
10
November 15, 2016[104]
November 14, 2016[105]
November 16, 2016[106]

7
7
December 12, 2017[107]
December 11, 2017[108]
December 11, 2017[109]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Average

1
2.22
2.20
2.44
2.45
2.58
2.44
2.40
2.72
2.66
3.04
2.52[110]

2
3.86
3.76
3.77
3.65
3.90
3.88
3.69
3.86
3.38
4.20
3.80[110]

3
4.37
4.27
4.72
4.87
5.35
5.50
4.84
5.13
5.22
5.39
4.97[111]

4
6.64
6.31
6.59
6.95
7.16
6.40
7.20
7.17
6.95
7.09
6.84[112]

5
8.00
6.81
6.71
6.82
6.56
6.24
5.40
7.01
7.14
8.11
6.88[113]

6
7.94
7.29
7.28
7.82
7.89
6.71
7.80
7.60
7.66
8.89
7.69[114]

7
10.11
9.27
9.25
10.17
10.72
10.24
12.07
N/A
10.26[115]