document_title: Premier League records and statistics

question_text: most goals in a season soccer premier league

text: Premier League records and statistics

text: League records[edit]

text: Titles[edit]

text:
Most titles: 13, Manchester United[1]
Most consecutive title wins: 3

Manchester United (1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01)[1]
Manchester United (2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)[1]

Biggest title-winning margin: 19 points, 2017–18; Manchester City (100 points) over Manchester United (81 points)[2]
Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and 8 goal difference – 2011–12; Manchester City (+64) over Manchester United (+56). Both finished on 89 points, but Manchester City won the title with a superior goal difference – the only time that goal difference has determined the Premier League.[3]

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points in a season: 100, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007–08)[4]
Most home points in a season: 55, joint record:[5]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]

Fewest home points in a season: 7, Sunderland (2005–06)[7]
Most away points in a season: 50, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest away points in a season: 3, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011–12)[8]
Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996–97)[9]
Most points in a season while being relegated:

42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992–93)[10]
38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002–03)[10]

Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004–05)[11]

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Most wins in total: 629, Manchester United[12]
Most wins in a season (38 games): 32, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record:[13]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]

Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record:[7]

Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)

Most away wins in a season (19 games): 16, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest away wins in a season (19/21 games): 0, joint record:[7][14][15]

Leeds United (1992–93)
Coventry City (1999–2000)
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003–04)
Norwich City (2004–05)
Derby County (2007–08)
Hull City (2009–10)

Most consecutive wins: 18, Manchester City (between 26 August 2017 and 27 December 2017)[16][2]
Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012)[17]
Most consecutive away wins: 11, joint record:[18][16]

Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)
Manchester City (between 21 May 2017 and 27 December 2017)

Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012)[19]

text: Defeats[edit]

text:
Most defeats in total: 351, Everton[20]
Longest unbeaten run: 49 games, Arsenal (7 May 2003 – 24 October 2004)[21]
Fewest defeats in a season (38 games): 0, Arsenal (2003–04)[22]
Fewest home defeats in a season (19 games): 0, joint record:

Manchester United (1995–96, 1999–2000, 2010–11)[23][24][25]
Arsenal (1998–99, 2003–04, 2007–08)[26][27][28]
Chelsea (2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15)[28][29][30][31][32]
Liverpool (2008–09, 2017–18)[33]
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]
Tottenham Hotspur (2016–17)

Fewest away defeats in a season (19 games): 0, Arsenal (2001–02, 2003–04)[27][34]
Most consecutive home games undefeated: 86, Chelsea (20 March 2004 – 5 October 2008)[35]
Most consecutive away games undefeated: 27, Arsenal (5 April 2003 – 25 September 2004)[36]
Most defeats in a season (42 games or 38 games): 29, joint record:

Ipswich Town (1994–95)
Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)[37]

Most home defeats in a season (19 games): 14, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[38]
Most away defeats in a season (19 games): 17, Burnley (2009–10)[39]
Most consecutive defeats over more than one season (38 games): 20, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[40]

text: Draws[edit]

text:
Most draws in total: 287, Everton[20]
Most draws in a season (42 games): 18 – joint record:

Manchester City (1993–94)[41]
Sheffield United (1993–94)[41]
Southampton (1994–95)[41]

Most draws in a season (38 games): 17 – joint record:

Newcastle United (2003–04)[41]
Aston Villa (2006–07, 2011–12)[41]
Sunderland (2014–15)[41]

Most home draws in a season: 10 – joint record:

Sheffield Wednesday (1996–97)[41]
Leicester City (1997–98, 2003–04)[41]
Manchester United (2016–17)[41]

Most away draws in a season: 10, Newcastle United (2003–04)[41]
Fewest draws in a season: 3, Chelsea (1997–98, 2016–17)[41]
Fewest home draws in a season: 0 – joint record:

Manchester City (2008–09)[41]
Manchester United (2012–13)[41]
Chelsea (2016–17)[41]

Fewest away draws in a season: 1 – joint record:

Bolton Wanderers (1995–96)[41]
Queens Park Rangers (1995–96, 2014–15)[41]
Barnsley (1997–98)[41]
Chelsea (1997–98)[41]
Bradford City (1999–2000)[41]
Everton (2000–01)[41]
Ipswich Town (2000–01)[41]
Portsmouth (2005–06, 2007–08)[41]
Burnley (2009–10)[41]
Liverpool (2011–12)[41]
Newcastle United (2013–14)[41]
Queens Park Rangers (2014–15)[41]

Most consecutive draws: 7 – joint record:

Norwich City (1993–94)[41]
Southampton (1994–95)[41]
Manchester City (2009–10)[41]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a season: 106, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest goals scored in a season: 20, Derby County (2007–08)[42]
Most goals conceded in a season (42 games): 100, Swindon Town (1993–94)[43]
Most goals conceded in a season (38 games): 89, Derby County (2007–08)[44]
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[45]
Best goal difference in a season: 79, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Worst goal difference in a season: –69, Derby County (2007–08)[46]
Most goals scored in a season by a relegated team: 55, Blackpool (2010–11)[47]
Most goals scored at home in a season: 68, Chelsea (2009–10)[45]
Fewest goals scored at home in a season: 10, Manchester City (2006–07)[48]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (21 games): 45, Swindon Town (1993–94)[49]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (19 games): 43

Derby County (2007–08)[49]
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2011–12)[49]

Fewest goals conceded at home in a season (21 games or 19 games): 4, Manchester United (1994–95)[49]
Most goals scored away in a season: 48, Liverpool (2013–14)[49]
Fewest goals scored away in a season: 8

Middlesbrough (1995–96)[49]
Southampton (1998–99)[49]
Sheffield United (2006–07)[49]
Derby County (2007–08)[49]

Most goals conceded away in a season (21 games): 59, Ipswich Town (1994–95)[49]
Most goals conceded away in a season (19 games): 55, Wigan Athletic (2009–10)[49]
Fewest goals conceded away in a season: 9, Chelsea (2004–05)[49]
Fewest failures to score in a match in a season: 0 (scored in every game), Arsenal (2001–02)[50]
Most goals scored in total: 1,924, Manchester United[20]
Most goals conceded in total: 1,267, Tottenham Hotspur[20]

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest attendance, single game: 83,222, Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 Arsenal (at Wembley Stadium, 10 February 2018)[51]
Lowest attendance, single game: 3,039, Wimbledon 1–3 Everton (at Selhurst Park, 26 January 1993)[52][53]
Highest season average attendance: 75,821 – Old Trafford, Manchester United (2006–07)[54]
Lowest season average attendance: 8,353 – Selhurst Park, Wimbledon (1992–93)[54]

text: Player records[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most Premier League appearances: 653, Gareth Barry (2 May 1998 to 24 February 2018)[55]
Oldest player: John Burridge, 43 years and 162 days (for Manchester City v. Queens Park Rangers, 14 May 1995)[56]
Youngest player: Matthew Briggs, 16 years and 65 days (for Fulham v. Middlesbrough, 13 May 2007)[57]
Most consecutive Premier League appearances: 310, Brad Friedel (14 August 2004 until 7 October 2012)[58]
Most seasons appeared in: 22, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2013–14)[59]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
First Premier League goal: Brian Deane (for Sheffield United v. Manchester United, 15 August 1992)[60]
Most Premier League goals: 260, Alan Shearer[61]
Most Premier League goals at one club: 183, Wayne Rooney (Manchester United)[62]
Oldest goalscorer: 40 years and 268 days, Teddy Sheringham (for West Ham United v. Portsmouth, 26 December 2006)[63]
Youngest goalscorer: 16 years and 271 days, James Vaughan (for Everton v. Crystal Palace, 10 April 2005)[64]
Most consecutive Premier League matches scored in: 11, Jamie Vardy (for Leicester City, 29 August to 28 November 2015)[65]
Most seasons scored in: 21, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2012–13)[66]

text:
Rank
Name
Goals
Games
Goals per game
Playing position
First goal
Last goal

1
 Alan Shearer
260
441
0.59
Forward
1992–93
2005–06

2
 Wayne Rooney
208
491
0.42
Forward
2002–03
2017–18

3
 Andy Cole
187
414
0.45
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

4
 Frank Lampard
177
609
0.29
Midfield
1997–98
2014–15

5
 Thierry Henry
175
258
0.68
Forward
1999–2000
2011–12

6
 Robbie Fowler
163
379
0.43
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

7
 Jermain Defoe
162
492
0.33
Forward
2001–02
2017–18

8
 Michael Owen
150
326
0.46
Forward
1996–97
2012–13

9
 Les Ferdinand
149
351
0.42
Forward
1992–93
2004–05

10
 Teddy Sheringham
146
418
0.35
Forward
1992–93
2006–07

text:
Most goals in a season (42 games): 34, joint record:[68]

Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

text:
Most goals in a season (38 games): 32, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)[69]
Most games scored in during a Premier League season: 24, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)[70]
Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 39, Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur, 2017)[71]
Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record:

20-team league:[69]

Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996–97)
Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011–12)
Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)

22-team league:[citation needed]

Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999–2000)[72]
Most Premier League hat-tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)[73]
Most Premier League hat-tricks: 11, Alan Shearer[74]
Most goals in a game: 5, joint record:[75]

Andy Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9–0
Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8–0
Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1
Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7–1
Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6–1

text:
Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1[76]
Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000)[77]
Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999)[78]
Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011)[79]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 goals: 3 (1993–1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers)[80]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 goals: 4 (1993–1997), Alan Shearer (1993–1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996–1997 for Newcastle United)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 goals: 5 (2001–2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 goals: 11 (2004–2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United)[82]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 goal: 21 (1992–2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United)[66]
Fastest Premier League hat-trick: 2 minutes 56 seconds, Sadio Mané (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015)[83]
Most different clubs to score for: 7, Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City)[84]
Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne[85]
Most own goals in a season: 4, joint record:

Martin Škrtel (2013–14)[86]
Lewis Dunk (2017–18)[87]

Most hat-tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City)[88]
Most goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (Liverpool)[89]

text: Assists[edit]

text:
Most assists (career)

Rank
Player
Assists

1
 Ryan Giggs
162

2
 Cesc Fàbregas
111

3
 Wayne Rooney
103

4
 Frank Lampard
102

5
 Dennis Bergkamp
94

6
 Steven Gerrard
92

7
 David Beckham
80

8
 James Milner
78

9
 Teddy Sheringham
76

10
 David Silva
75

text:
Most Premier League assists in a season: 20, Thierry Henry (Arsenal, 2002–03)[91]
Most consecutive Premier League matches with an assist: 7, Mesut Özil (for Arsenal, 26 September to 21 November 2015)[92]
Most assists in a single Premier League match: 4, joint record:[93]

Dennis Bergkamp (for Arsenal v. Leicester City, 20 February 1999)
José Antonio Reyes (for Arsenal v. Middlesbrough, 14 January 2006)
Cesc Fàbregas (for Arsenal v. Blackburn Rovers, 4 October 2009)
Emmanuel Adebayor (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Newcastle United, 11 February 2012)
Santi Cazorla (for Arsenal v. Wigan Athletic, 14 May 2013)
Dušan Tadić (for Southampton v. Sunderland, 18 October 2014)[94]

text: Goalkeepers[edit]

text:
Most clean sheets (career)

Rank
Player
Clean
sheets

1
 Petr Čech
201

2
 David James
169

3
 Mark Schwarzer
151

4
 David Seaman
140

5
 Nigel Martyn
137

6
 Pepe Reina
134

7
 Edwin van der Sar
132

 Tim Howard

 Brad Friedel

10
 Peter Schmeichel
128

text:
Most clean sheets in one season: 24, Petr Čech (for Chelsea, 2004–05)[95]
Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 14 games (1,311 minutes), Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[96]
Goalscoring goalkeepers (excluding own goals):

Peter Schmeichel (Everton 3–2 Aston Villa, 20 October 2001)[97]
Brad Friedel (Charlton Athletic 3–2 Blackburn Rovers, 21 February 2004)[98]
Paul Robinson (Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Watford, 17 March 2007)[99]
Tim Howard (Everton 1–2 Bolton Wanderers, 4 January 2012)[100]
Asmir Begović (Stoke City 1–1 Southampton, 2 November 2013)[101]

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text:
Most red cards: 8, joint record:[55]

Duncan Ferguson
Patrick Vieira
Richard Dunne

Most yellow cards for a player: 103, Gareth Barry[67]
Most yellow cards for a single team in one game: 9 (Tottenham Hotspur v. Chelsea, 2 May 2016)[102]
Fouling record: 782, Kevin Davies (since 2000–01, the first season for which reliable records are available)[103]
Longest ban: 12 matches, Joey Barton. After being dismissed for violent conduct, Barton was found guilty of two further separate counts of violent conduct after his dismissal against Manchester City, 23 May 2012[104]

text: Youngest goalscorers[edit]

text: This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League.[105]

text:
Player
Date
Team
Age
Opposition

1
James Vaughan
10 April 2005
Everton
16 years, 270 days
Crystal Palace

2
James Milner
26 December 2002
Leeds United
16 years, 346 days
Sunderland

3
Wayne Rooney
19 October 2002
Everton
16 years, 351 days
Arsenal

4
Cesc Fàbregas
25 August 2004
Arsenal
17 years, 114 days
Blackburn Rovers

5
Michael Owen
6 May 1997
Liverpool
17 years, 144 days
Wimbledon

6
Andy Turner
5 September 1992
Tottenham
17 years, 166 days
Everton

7
Federico Macheda
5 April 2009
Manchester United
17 years, 226 days
Aston Villa

8
Raheem Sterling
20 October 2012
Liverpool
17 years, 317 days
Reading

9
Mikael Forssell
20 February 1999
Chelsea
17 years, 342 days
Nottingham Forest

10
Danny Cadamarteri
20 September 1997
Everton
17 years, 344 days
Barnsley

text: Match records[edit]

text: Scorelines[edit]

text:
Biggest home win: 9–0, Manchester United v. Ipswich Town (4 March 1995)[106]
Biggest away win: 1–8, Nottingham Forest v. Manchester United (6 February 1999)[106]
Biggest aggregate win: 12–1, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 7–0 Nottingham Forest (18 November 1995) & Nottingham Forest 1–5 Blackburn Rovers (13 April 1996)
Tottenham Hotspur 9–1 Wigan Athletic (22 November 2009) & Wigan Athletic 0–3 Tottenham Hotspur (21 February 2010)

Biggest loss by reigning champions: 1–6, joint record:[107]

Manchester United 1–6 Manchester City (23 October 2011), after Manchester United won the 2010–11 season
Leicester City 1–6 Tottenham Hotspur (18 May 2017), after Leicester City won the 2015–16 season

Largest goal deficit overcome to win: 3

Leeds United 4–3 Derby County (8 November 1997)[108]
West Ham United 3–4 Wimbledon (9 September 1998)[109]
Tottenham Hotspur 3–5 Manchester United (29 September 2001)[110]
Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–3 Leicester City (25 October 2003)[111]

Largest goal deficit overcome to draw: 4, Newcastle United 4–4 Arsenal (5 February 2011)[112]
Highest scoring: 7–4, Portsmouth v. Reading (29 September 2007)[113]
Highest scoring draw: 5–5, West Bromwich Albion v. Manchester United (19 May 2013)[114]
Highest scoring in the first half: 7 goals, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 3–4 Leeds United (14 September 1997 – final score; 3–4)[115]
Bradford City 4–3 Derby County (21 April 2000 – final score; 4–4)[116]
Reading 3–4 Manchester United (1 December 2012 – final score; 3–4)[117]

Most individual goal scorers in one game: 9, joint record:

Tottenham Hotspur 4–5 Arsenal (13 November 2004)[118]
Portsmouth 7–4 Reading (29 September 2007)[119]

Most individual goal scorers in one game for the same team: 7, joint record:

Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa (23 December 2012)[120]
Manchester City 7–0 Norwich City (2 November 2013)[121]
Southampton 8–0 Sunderland (18 October 2014)[122]

text: All-time Premier League table[edit]

text: The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2018–19 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column.[123]

text:
Pos.
Club
Seasons
Pld
Win
Draw
Loss
GF
GA
GD
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Relegated
Avg
Pts
Best
Pos.

1
Manchester United
26
1000
629
215
156
1924
875
1049
2102
13
6
3
1

80.85
1

2
Arsenal
26
1000
544
253
203
1772
962
810
1885
3
6
5
7

72.50
1

3
Chelsea
26
1000
537
248
215
1707
963
744
1859
5
4
4
2

71.50
1

4
Liverpool
26
1000
499
255
246
1685
1024
661
1752

3
5
7

67.38
2

5
Tottenham Hotspur
26
1000
423
255
322
1480
1267
213
1524

1
2
2

58.62
2

6
Everton
26
1000
362
287
351
1303
1265
38
1373

1

52.81
4

7
Manchester City
21
810
359
194
257
1279
952
327
1271
3
2
2
1
2
60.52
1

8
Newcastle United
23
882
334
225
323
1207
1187
20
1227

2
2
1
2
53.35
2

9
Aston Villa
24
924
316
275
333
1117
1186
−69
1223

1

1
1
50.96
2

10
West Ham United
22
844
275
221
348
1012
1214
−202
1046

2
47.55
5

11
Blackburn Rovers
18
696
262
184
250
927
907
20
970
1
1

1
2
53.89
1

12
Southampton
19
734
229
202
303
892
1022
−130
889

1
46.79
6

13
Leeds United
12
468
189
125
154
641
573
68
692

1
2
1
57.67
3

14
Middlesbrough
15
574
165
169
240
648
794
−146
661[124]

4
44.01
7

15
Sunderland
16
608
153
159
296
612
904
−292
618

4
38.63
7

16
Fulham
13
494
150
136
208
570
697
−127
586

1
45.08
7

17
Bolton Wanderers
13
494
149
128
217
575
745
−170
575

3
44.23
6

18
Leicester City
12
460
142
129
189
572
670
−98
555
1

3
46.25
1

19
West Bromwich Albion
12
456
112
128
216
475
696
−221
464

4
38.67
8

20
Stoke City
10
380
116
109
155
398
525
−127
457

1
45.70
9

21
Coventry City
9
354
99
112
143
387
490
−103
409

1
45.40
11

22
Sheffield Wednesday
8
316
101
89
126
409
453
−44
392

1
49.00
7

23
Wimbledon
8
316
99
94
123
384
472
−88
391

1
48.88
6

24
Crystal Palace
9
350
97
89
164
374
511
−137
380

4
42.22
10

25
Charlton Athletic
8
304
93
82
129
342
442
−100
361

2
45.13
7

26
Norwich City
8
316
89
92
135
365
510
−145
359

1

4
44.88
3

27
Wigan Athletic
8
304
85
76
143
316
482
−166
331

1
41.38
10

28
Swansea City
7
266
82
66
118
306
383
−77
312

1
44.57
8

29
Queens Park Rangers
7
278
81
65
132
339
431
−92
308

3
44.00
5

30
Birmingham City
7
266
73
82
111
273
360
−87
301

3
43.00
9

31
Portsmouth
7
266
79
65
122
292
380
−88
293[125]

1
41.86
8

32
Derby County
7
266
68
70
128
271
420
−149
274

2
39.14
8

33
Nottingham Forest
5
198
60
59
79
229
287
−58
239

1

3
47.80
3

34
Ipswich Town
5
202
57
53
92
219
312
−93
224

2
44.80
5

35
Watford
5
190
45
43
102
188
318
−130
178

2
35.60
13

36
Hull City
5
190
41
48
101
181
323
−142
171

3
34.20
16

37
Burnley
4
152
40
37
75
145
229
−84
157

2
39.25
7

38
Wolverhampton Wanderers
4
152
32
40
80
156
281
−125
136

2
34.00
15

39
Sheffield United
3
122
32
36
54
128
168
−40
132

2
44.00
14

40
Bournemouth
3
114
34
30
50
145
195
−50
132

44.00
9

41
Reading
3
114
32
23
59
136
186
−50
119

2
39.67
8

42
Oldham Athletic
2
84
22
23
39
105
142
−37
89

1
44.50
19

43
Bradford City
2
76
14
20
42
68
138
−70
62

1
31.00
17

44
Brighton & Hove Albion
1
38
9
13
16
34
54
–20
40

40
15

45
Blackpool
1
38
10
9
19
55
78
−23
39

1
39.00
19

46
Huddersfield Town
1
38
9
10
19
28
58
–30
37

37
16

47
Barnsley
1
38
10
5
23
37
82
−45
35

1
35.00
19

48
Cardiff City
1
38
7
9
22
32
74
−42
30

1
30.00
20

49
Swindon Town
1
42
5
15
22
47
100
−53
30

1
30.00
22

text: League or status at 2018–19:

text:
2018–19 Premier League

2018–19 EFL Championship

2018–19 EFL League One

2018–19 EFL League Two

Defunct: by a 2007 agreement, neither Milton Keynes Dons nor AFC Wimbledon regards itself as custodian of Wimbledon F.C.'s statistics.[126][127]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Most Premier League titles: 13, Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United) – 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013
Most Premier League Manager of the Month awards: 27, Sir Alex Ferguson
Most consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month awards: 4, Pep Guardiola[128]
Most promotions to the Premier League: 4, Steve Bruce (Birmingham City in 2001–02 and 2006–07 and Hull City in 2012–13 and 2015–16)
Most relegations from the Premier League: 3, Dave Bassett (Sheffield United in 1993–94, Nottingham Forest in 1996–97, and Leicester City in 2001–02)[129]
Longest spell as manager: 21 years, 224 days, Arsène Wenger (Arsenal, 1 October 1996 to 13 May 2018)[130]
Shortest spell as manager (excluding caretakers): 41 days, Les Reed (Charlton Athletic, 14 November 2006 to 24 December 2006) (8 games)[131]


document_title: Epic poetry

question_text: the world's oldest epic tale told in poetry is called the epic of

question_tokens: the world 's oldest epic tale told in poetry is called the epic of

root

text: Epic poetry

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The English word epic comes from the Latin epicus, which itself comes from the Ancient Greek adjective ἐπικός (epikos), from ἔπος (epos),[2] "word, story, poem".[3]

tag: p

text: Overview[edit]

text: Originating before the invention of writing, primary epics were composed by bards who used complex rhetorical and metrical schemes by which they could memorize the epic as received in tradition and add to the epic in their performances. Hence aside from writers like Dante, Camões, and Milton, Apollonius of Rhodes in his Argonautica and Virgil in Aeneid adopted and adapted Homer's style and subject matter, but used devices available only to those who write, and in their works Nonnus' Dionysiaca and Tulsidas' Sri Ramacharit Manas also used stylistic elements typical of epics.

text: The oldest epic recognized is the Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2500–1300 BCE), which was recorded In ancient Sumer during the Neo-Sumerian Empire. The poem details the exploits of Gilgamesh, the king of Uruk. Although recognized as a historical figure, Gilgamesh, as represented in the epic, is a largely legendary or mythical figure.[4]

text: The longest epic written is the ancient Indian Mahabharata, which consists of 100,000 ślokas or over 200,000 verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), as well as long prose passages, so that at about 1.8 million words it is about four times the length of the Rāmāyaṇa, and roughly ten times the length of the Iliad and the Odyssey combined.[5][6][7]

text: Famous examples of epic poetry include the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh,  the ancient Indian Mahabharata and Rāmāyaṇa, the Tamil Silappatikaram, the Persian Shahnameh, the Ancient Greek Odyssey and Iliad, Virgil's Aeneid,  the Old English Beowulf, Dante's Divine Comedy,  the Finnish Kalevala, the German Nibelungenlied, the French Song of Roland, the Spanish Cantar de mio Cid, Camões' Os Lusíadas, John Milton's Paradise Lost, and Adam Mickiewicz's Pan Tadeusz.

text: Oral epics[edit]

text: The first epics were products of preliterate societies and oral history poetic traditions.[citation needed] Oral tradition was used alongside written scriptures to communicate and facilitate the spread culture.[8] In these traditions, poetry is transmitted to the audience and from performer to performer by purely oral means. Early twentieth-century study of living oral epic traditions in the Balkans by Milman Parry and Albert Lord demonstrated the paratactic model used for composing these poems. What they demonstrated was that oral epics tend to be constructed in short episodes, each of equal status, interest and importance. This facilitates memorization, as the poet is recalling each episode in turn and using the completed episodes to recreate the entire epic as he performs it. Parry and Lord also contend that the most likely source for written texts of the epics of Homer was dictation from an oral performance.

text: Milman Parry and Albert Lord have argued that the Homeric epics, the earliest works of Western literature, were fundamentally an oral poetic form. These works form the basis of the epic genre in Western literature. Nearly all of Western epic (including Virgil's Aeneid and Dante's Divine Comedy) self-consciously presents itself as a continuation of the tradition begun by these poems. Classical epic poetry employs a meter called dactylic hexameter and recounts a journey, either physical (as typified by Odysseus in the Odyssey) or mental (as typified by Achilles in the Iliad) or both. Epics also tend to highlight cultural norms and to define or call into question cultural values, particularly as they pertain to heroism.[citation needed]

text: Composition and conventions[edit]

text: In his work Poetics, Aristotle defines an epic as one of the forms of poetry, contrasted with lyric poetry and with drama in the form of tragedy and comedy.[9]

text: In A Handbook to Literature (1999), Harmon and Holman define an epic:

text: Epic: a long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in adventures forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure and through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race. (Harmon and Holman)[10]

text: An attempt to delineate ten main characteristics of an epic:[10]

text:
Begins in medias res.
The setting is vast, covering many nations, the world or the universe.
Begins with an invocation to a muse (epic invocation).
Begins with a statement of the theme.
Includes the use of epithets.
Contains long lists, called an epic catalogue.
Features long and formal speeches.
Shows divine intervention on human affairs.
Features heroes that embody the values of the civilization.
Often features the tragic hero's descent into the underworld or hell.

tag: ol

text: The hero generally participates in a cyclical journey or quest, faces adversaries that try to defeat him in his journey and returns home significantly transformed by his journey. The epic hero illustrates traits, performs deeds, and exemplifies certain morals that are valued by the society the epic originates from. Many epic heroes are recurring characters in the legends of their native culture.

text: Conventions of epics:[citation needed]

text:
Proposition: Opens by stating the theme or cause of the epic. This may take the form of a purpose (as in Milton, who proposed "to justify the ways of God to men"); of a question (as in the Iliad, which Homer initiates by asking a Muse to sing of Achilles' anger); or of a situation (as in the Song of Roland, with Charlemagne in Spain).[citation needed]
Invocation: Writer invokes a Muse, one of the nine daughters of Zeus. The poet prays to the Muses to provide him with divine inspiration to tell the story of a great hero.[11] (This convention is restricted to cultures influenced by European Classical culture. The Epic of Gilgamesh, for example, or the Bhagavata Purana do not contain this element.)
In medias res: narrative opens "in the middle of things", with the hero at his lowest point. Usually flashbacks show earlier portions of the story.
Enumeratio: Catalogues and genealogies are given. These long lists of objects, places, and people place the finite action of the epic within a broader, universal context. Often, the poet is also paying homage to the ancestors of audience members.
Epithet: Heavy use of repetition or stock phrases: e.g., Homer's "rosy-fingered dawn" and "wine-dark sea".

text: Form[edit]

text: Many verse forms have been used in epic poems through the ages, but each language's literature typically gravitates to one form, or at least to a very limited set. Ancient Sumerian epic poems did not use any kind of poetic meter and lines did not have consistent lengths;[12] instead, Sumerian poems derived their rhythm solely through constant repetition, with subtle variations between lines.[12] Indo-European epic poetry, by contrast, usually places strong emphasis on the importance of line consistency and poetic meter.[12] Ancient Greek and Latin poems were written in dactylic hexameter.[13] Old English, German and Norse poems were written in alliterative verse,[14] usually without rhyme. Italian, Spanish and Portuguese long poems were usually written in terza rima [15] or especially ottava rima.[16] From the 14th century English epic poems were written in heroic couplets,[17] and rhyme royal,[18] though in the 16th century the Spenserian stanza[19] and blank verse[20] were also introduced. The French alexandrine is currently the heroic line in French literature, though in earlier periods the decasyllable took precedence. In Polish literature, couplets of Polish alexandrines (syllabic lines of 7+6 syllables) prevail.[21] In Russian, iambic tetrameter verse is the most popular.[22] In Serbian poetry, the decasyllable is the only form employed.[23][24]


document_title: A Long Line of Love

question_text: who wrote the song long line of love

question_tokens: who wrote the song long line of love

text: A Long Line of Love

text:
"A Long Line of Love"Single by Michael Martin Murpheyfrom the album AmericanaB-side
"Worlds Apart"Released
April 1987Recorded
ca. October 1986Genre
CountryLength
3:27Label
Warner Bros.Songwriter(s)
Paul Overstreet and Thom SchuylerProducer(s)
Jim Ed NormanMichael Martin Murphey singles chronology

"A Face in the Crowd" (1987)

"A Long Line of Love" (1987)

"I'm Gonna Miss You, Girl" (1987)

"A Face in the Crowd"(w/Holly Dunn)(1987)

"A Long Line of Love"(1987)

"I'm Gonna Miss You, Girl"(1987)

tag: table

text: "A Long Line of Love" is a song written by Paul Overstreet and Thom Schuyler, and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey.  It was released in April 1987 as the second single from his album Americana.  The song reached number one on the U.S. and Canadian country charts in August 1987.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1987)

Peakposition

U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles[1]

1

Canadian RPM Country Tracks Chart

1


document_title: Italy (Everybody Loves Raymond)

question_text: what italian city was everybody loves raymond filmed

text: Italy (Everybody Loves Raymond)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Frank (Peter Boyle) and Marie (Doris Roberts) announce to their family that they're all going to Italy for two weeks. The latter reasons that with her birthday coming up, she is using the money she had kept aside for 45 years to pay for the family to meet her cousin Colletta (Silvana De Santis), who lives in a small village outside of Rome. Everyone is excited to go, except Raymond (Ray Romano). Ray informs Debra (Patricia Heaton) that he doesn't want to go on the trip because he has no interest in other cultures. Debra replies that she doesn't want his "dumbness" to ruin the vacation.

text: The family arrive at Colleta's home, who welcomes them along with her husband Giorgio. Ray begins developing a cold which he claims he got from the air conditioning on the van they rode. Robert (Brad Garrett), also becomes miserable, due to his "dilemma"; because he plans to marry Amy but keeps focusing on his ex-wife Joanne, he claims that he is unable to sort out his feelings. At a gelato parlor, he becomes attracted to a waitress named Stefania Fogagnolo (Alex Meneses), whose father Signore Focagnolo (David Proval) is also the owner. He visits Rome with Stefania, but she tells him she doesn't want her dad to know she is dating. Meanwhile, Ray also goes to the city with the rest of the family, but while Debra, Frank and Marie are apparently having a great time, Ray is not.

text: After some time visiting Rome, Debra finally bursts out about Ray's attitude towards the trip and compares his behavior to Frank and Marie's; she argues that while his parents are at least trying to make the best out of things, he has been "a grumpy pain-in-the-ass". Angered, Ray tells her he "will not be a pain in anyone's ass anymore" and gets away from the three. Meanwhile, Signore Focagnolo catches Stefania and Robert about to make out in her room, and goes after Robert. It also appears that the trip is starting to go downhill for Frank, Marie and Debra. Marie decides Ray should take a walk with her to lighten him up and release her stress from Debra's behavior towards him moping and not wanting to have fun. It seems with the walk, he is starting to become positive and enjoying the vacation.

text: At lunch, Robert, who confronts Marco again, decides to talk with him so he can convince him to be with Stefania. Meanwhile, Ray gives flowers to some of the women, including Colleta, Marie and Debra. Ray shows Debra that he is starting to enjoy being in the country, which makes Debra happy, and the two go on their own date around Rome, as well and Marie and Frank. Colleta and Giorgio give a farewell to the family, while Robert and Stefania say goodbye to each other with Marco watching them. During the van ride, all the family members together sing "C'è La Luna Mezzo Mare" by Lou Monte.

text: The episode ends with Ray annoying his fellow passengers by singing loudly in Italian on the plane back to New York.

text: Production[edit]

text: After the first season of Everybody Loves Raymond ended in 1997, the series' creator, Philip Rosenthal, asked Ray Romano what he was going to do over the summer. When Rosenthal suggested he go to Italy, Romano did not accept because he was "not really interested in other cultures." According to Rosenthal, "After I got up off the floor, I realized: Here's an episode."[2] Directed by Gary Halvorson, "Italy" guest stars Silvana De Santis as Colletta, Pierrino Mascarino as Giorgio, Alex Meneses as Stefania, David Proval as Signore Fogagnolo, Enzo Vitagliano as the Bocce player, Sergio Sivori, Vanni Bramat, Luca Francucci and Alessandro Francucci.[1] It was filmed in July 2000 in the town Anguillara Sabazia outside of Rome.[2] Romano first hinted of the episode in an interview published that same month in the Rome News-Tribune.[3]

text: According to the Los Angeles Times, Brad Garrett threatened not to participate in the two-part episode unless he got a raise, which he was given.[4]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: "Italy" initially aired on the American television network CBS, part one on October 2, 2000 and part two on October 9.[5] In 2005, it was released to DVD as part of the official DVD release for the fifth season, which also came with an audio commentary for both parts of the episode by Phil Rosenthal and Ray Romano.[6] "Italy" has been positively received by critics. Former DVD Verdict writer Russell Engebretson said that while the episode "veers into sentimentality, it provides a dose of sweetness to counter a few of the more darkly comic episodes [of season five], especially the funny but bitter "Christmas Present." He also praised the impressive cinematography.[7] DVD Talk's Jeffrey Robinson called it "a fun way to start the season. It was a nice change of pace after the same settings and atmospheres." He also highlighted the introduction of a new love interest for Robert.[6] However, in a mixed review published in The Gadsden Times, David Kronke opined that in keeping with the nature of usual "special" episodes, "it's not quite up to the series' usual laugh quotient."[8] On March 2, 2002, Rosenthal won the Writers Guild of America Award for Episodic Comedy for writing "Italy".[9] He has cited the episode to be one of his favorites of Everybody Loves Raymond.[10]


document_title: List of Chicago Blackhawks seasons

question_text: when was the last time the blackhawks missed the playoffs

text: List of Chicago Blackhawks seasons

text: This is a list of seasons completed by the Chicago Blackhawks professional ice hockey club of the National Hockey League. This list documents the records and playoff results for all seasons the team has completed since their inception in 1926.

text:
Stanley Cup Champions
Conference Champions
Division/Reg. Season Leader
League Leader

text: Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

text:
NHL season
Team season
GP
W
L
T
OTL
Pts
GF
GA
PIM
Finish
Playoffs

Chicago Black Hawks

1926–27
1926–27
44
19
22
3
—
41
115
116
448
3rd, American
Lost in Quarterfinals, 5–10 (TG) (Bruins)

1927–28
1927–28
44
7
34
3
—
17
68
134
375
5th, American
Did not qualify

1928–29
1928–29
44
7
29
8
—
22
33
85
363
5th, American
Did not qualify

1929–30
1929–30
44
21
18
5
—
47
117
111
573
2nd, American
Lost in Quarterfinals, 2–3 (TG) (Canadiens)

1930–31
1930–31
44
24
17
3
—
51
108
78
416
2nd, American
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–3 (TG) (Maple Leafs)
Won in Semifinals, 3–0 (TG) (Rangers)
Lost in Finals, 2–3 (Canadiens)

1931–32
1931–32
48
18
19
11
—
47
86
101
464
2nd, American
Lost in Quarterfinals, 2–6 (TG) (Maple Leafs)

1932–33
1932–33
48
16
20
12
—
44
88
101
401
4th, American
Did not qualify

1933–34
1933–34
48
20
17
11
—
51
88
83
337
2nd, American
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–3 (TG) (Canadiens)
Won in Semifinals, 6–2 (TG) (Maroons)
Stanley Cup champions, 3–1 (Red Wings)

1934–35
1934–35
48
26
17
5
—
57
118
88
375
2nd, American
Lost in Quarterfinals, 0–1 (TG) (Maroons)

1935–36
1935–36
48
21
19
8
—
50
93
92
411
3rd, American
Lost in Quarterfinals, 5–7 (TG) (Americans)

1936–37
1936–37
48
14
27
7
—
35
99
131
291
4th, American
Did not qualify

1937–38
1937–38
48
14
25
9
—
37
97
139
258
3rd, American
Won in Quarterfinals, 2–1 (Canadiens)
Won in Semifinals, 2–1 (Americans)
Stanley Cup champions, 3–1 (Maple Leafs)

1938–39
1938–39
48
12
28
8
—
32
91
132
367
7th, NHL
Did not qualify

1939–40
1939–40
48
23
19
6
—
52
112
120
351
4th, NHL
Lost in Quarterfinals, 0–2 (Maple Leafs)

1940–41
1940–41
48
16
25
7
—
39
112
139
335
5th, NHL
Won in Quarterfinals, 2–1 (Canadiens)
Lost in Semifinals, 0–2 (Red Wings)

1941–42
1941–42
48
22
23
3
—
47
145
155
365
4th, NHL
Lost in Quarterfinals, 1–2 (Bruins)

1942–43
1942–43
50
17
18
15
—
49
179
180
361
5th, NHL
Did not qualify

1943–44
1943–44
50
22
23
5
—
49
178
187
240
4th, NHL
Won in Semifinals, 4–1 (Red Wings)
Lost in Finals, 0–4 (Canadiens)

1944–45
1944–45
50
13
30
7
—
33
141
194
245
5th, NHL
Did not qualify

1945–46
1945–46
50
23
20
7
—
53
200
178
339
3rd, NHL
Lost in Semifinals, 0–4 (Canadiens)

1946–47
1946–47
60
19
37
4
—
42
193
274
467
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1947–48
1947–48
60
20
34
6
—
46
195
225
572
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1948–49
1948–49
60
21
31
8
—
50
173
211
695
5th, NHL
Did not qualify

1949–50
1949–50
70
22
38
10
—
54
203
244
620
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1950–51
1950–51
70
13
47
10
—
36
171
280
615
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1951–52
1951–52
70
17
44
9
—
43
158
241
627
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1952–53
1952–53
70
27
28
15
—
69
169
175
736
4th, NHL
Lost in Semifinals, 3–4 (Canadiens)

1953–54
1953–54
70
12
51
7
—
31
133
242
797
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1954–55
1954–55
70
13
40
17
—
43
161
235
733
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1955–56
1955–56
70
19
39
12
—
50
155
216
826
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1956–57
1956–57
70
16
39
15
—
47
169
225
809
6th, NHL
Did not qualify

1957–58
1957–58
70
24
39
7
—
55
163
202
906
5th, NHL
Did not qualify

1958–59
1958–59
70
28
29
13
—
69
197
208
921
3rd, NHL
Lost in Semifinals, 2–4 (Canadiens)

1959–60
1959–60
70
28
29
13
—
69
191
180
970
3rd, NHL
Lost in Semifinals, 0–4 (Canadiens)

1960–61
1960–61
70
29
24
17
—
75
198
180
1072
3rd, NHL
Won in Semifinals, 4–2 (Canadiens)
Stanley Cup champions, 4–2 (Red Wings)

1961–62
1961–62
70
31
26
13
—
75
217
186
894
3rd, NHL
Won in Semifinals, 4–2 (Canadiens)
Lost in Finals, 2–4 (Maple Leafs)

1962–63
1962–63
70
32
21
17
—
81
194
178
906
2nd, NHL
Lost in Semifinals, 2–4 (Red Wings)

1963–64
1963–64
70
36
22
12
—
84
218
169
1116
2nd, NHL
Lost in Semifinals, 3–4 (Red Wings)

1964–65
1964–65
70
34
28
8
—
76
224
176
1051
3rd, NHL
Won in Semifinals, 4–3 (Red Wings)
Lost in Finals, 3–4 (Canadiens)

1965–66
1965-66
70
37
25
8
—
82
240
187
815
2nd, NHL
Lost in Semifinals, 2–4 (Red Wings)

1966–67
1966–67
70
41
17
12
—
94
262
170
757
1st, NHL
Lost in Semifinals, 2–4 (Maple Leafs)

1967–68
1967–68
74
32
26
16
—
80
212
222
606
4th, East
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–2 (Rangers)
Lost in Semifinals, 1–4 (Canadiens)

1968–69
1968–69
76
34
33
9
—
77
280
246
842
6th, East
Did not qualify

1969–70
1969–70
76
45
22
9
—
99
250
170
901
1st, East
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–0 (Red Wings)
Lost in Semifinals, 0–4 (Bruins)

1970–71
1970–71
78
49
20
9
—
107
277
184
1280
1st, West
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–0 (Flyers)
Won in Semifinals, 4–3 (Rangers)
Lost in Finals, 3–4 (Canadiens)

1971–72
1971–72
78
46
17
15
—
107
256
166
844
1st, West
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–0 (Penguins)
Lost in Semifinals, 0–4 (Rangers)

1972–73
1972–73
78
42
27
9
—
93
284
225
864
1st, West
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–1 (Blues)
Won in Semifinals, 4–1 (Rangers)
Lost in Finals, 2–4 (Canadiens)

1973–74
1973–74
78
41
14
23
—
105
272
164
877
2nd, West
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–1 (Kings)
Lost in Semifinals, 2–4 (Bruins)

1974–75
1974–75
80
37
35
8
—
82
268
241
1112
3rd, Smythe
Won in Preliminary Round, 2–1 (Bruins)
Lost in Quarterfinals, 1–4 (Sabres)

1975–76
1975–76
80
32
30
18
—
82
254
261
944
1st, Smythe
Lost in Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Canadiens)

1976–77
1976–77
80
26
43
11
—
63
240
298
1104
3rd, Smythe
Lost in Preliminary Round, 0–2 (Islanders)

1977–78
1977–78
80
32
29
19
—
83
230
220
1308
1st, Smythe
Lost in Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Bruins)

1978–79
1978–79
80
29
36
15
—
73
244
277
1254
1st, Smythe
Lost in Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Islanders)

1979–80
1979–80
80
34
27
19
—
87
241
250
1325
1st, Smythe
Won in Preliminary Round, 3–0 (Blues)
Lost in Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Sabres)

1980–81
1980–81
80
31
33
16
—
78
304
315
1660
2nd, Smythe
Lost in Preliminary Round, 0–3 (Flames)

1981–82
1981–82
80
30
38
12
—
72
332
363
1775
4th, Norris
Won in Division Semifinals, 3–1 (North Stars)
Won in Division Finals, 4–2 (Blues)
Lost in Conference Finals, 1–4 (Canucks)

1982–83
1982–83
80
47
23
10
—
104
338
268
1185
1st, Norris
Won in Division Semifinals, 3–1 (Blues)
Won in Division Finals, 4–1 (North Stars)
Lost in Conference Finals, 0–4 (Oilers)

1983–84
1983–84
80
30
42
8
—
68
277
311
1358
4th, Norris
Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–3 (North Stars)

1984–85
1984–85
80
38
35
7
—
83
309
299
1432
2nd, Norris
Won in Division Semifinals, 3–0 (Red Wings)
Won in Division Finals, 4–2 (North Stars)
Lost in Conference Finals, 2–4 (Oilers)

1985–86
1985–86
80
39
33
8
—
86
351
349
1537
1st, Norris
Lost in Division Semifinals, 0–3 (Maple Leafs)

Chicago Blackhawks

1986–87
1986–87
80
29
37
14
—
72
290
310
1692
3rd, Norris
Lost in Division Semifinals, 0–4 (Red Wings)

1987–88
1987–88
80
30
41
9
—
69
284
328
2228
3rd, Norris
Lost in Division Semifinals, 1–4 (Blues)

1988–89
1988–89
80
27
41
12
—
66
297
335
2496
4th, Norris
Won in Division Semifinals, 4–2 (Red Wings)
Won in Division Finals, 4–1 (Blues)
Lost in Conference Finals, 1–4 (Flames)

1989–90
1989–90
80
41
33
6
—
88
316
294
2426
1st, Norris
Won in Division Semifinals, 4–3 (North Stars)
Won in Division Finals, 4–3 (Blues)
Lost in Conference Finals, 2–4 (Oilers)

1990–91
1990–91
80
49
23
8
—
106
284
211
2412
1st, Norris
Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–4 (North Stars)

1991–92
1991–92
80
36
29
15
—
87
257
236
2663
2nd, Norris
Won in Division Semifinals, 4–2 (Blues)
Won in Division Finals, 4–0 (Red Wings)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–0 (Oilers)
Lost in Finals, 0–4 (Penguins)

1992–93
1992–93
84
47
25
12
—
106
279
230
2394
1st, Norris
Lost in Division Semifinals, 0–4 (Blues)

1993–94
1993–94
84
39
36
9
—
87
254
240
2125
5th, Central
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Maple Leafs)

1994–951
1994–95
48
24
19
5
—
53
156
115
1123
3rd, Central
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–3 (Maple Leafs)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–0 (Canucks)
Lost in Conference Finals, 1–4 (Red Wings)

1995–96
1995–96
82
40
28
14
—
94
273
220
1880
2nd, Central
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–0 (Flames)
Lost in Conference Semifinals, 2–4 (Avalanche)

1996–97
1996–97
82
34
35
13
—
81
223
210
1763
5th, Central
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Avalanche)

1997–98
1997–98
82
30
39
13
—
73
192
199
1546
5th, Central
Did not qualify

1998–99
1998–99
82
29
41
12
—
70
202
248
1807
3rd, Central
Did not qualify

1999–2000
1999–2000
82
33
37
10
2
78
242
245
1444
3rd, Central
Did not qualify

2000–01
2000–01
82
29
40
8
5
71
190
233
1234
4th, Central
Did not qualify

2001–02
2001–02
82
41
27
13
1
96
216
207
1234
3rd, Central
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 1–4 (Blues)

2002–03
2002–03
82
30
33
13
6
79
207
226
1189
3rd, Central
Did not qualify

2003–04
2003–04
82
20
43
11
8
59
188
259
1318
5th, Central
Did not qualify

2004–05
2004–05
Season cancelled due to 2004–05 NHL Lockout

2005–06
2005–06
82
26
43
—
13
65
211
285
1518
4th, Central
Did not qualify

2006–07
2006–07
82
31
42
—
9
71
201
258
1330
5th, Central
Did not qualify

2007–08
2007–08
82
40
34
—
8
88
239
235
1371
3rd, Central
Did not qualify

2008–09
2008–09
82
46
24
—
12
104
264
216
1129
2nd, Central
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–2 (Flames)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–2 (Canucks)
Lost in Conference Finals, 1–4 (Red Wings)

2009–10
2009–10
82
52
22
—
8
112
271
209
908
1st, Central
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–2 (Predators)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–2 (Canucks)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–0 (Sharks)
Stanley Cup champions, 4–2 (Flyers)

2010–11
2010–11
82
44
29
—
9
97
258
225
720
3rd, Central
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Canucks)

2011–12
2011–12
82
45
26
—
11
101
248
238
828
4th, Central
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Coyotes)

2012–133
2012–13
48
36
7
—
5
77
155
102
438
1st, Central
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–1 (Wild)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–3 (Red Wings)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–1 (Kings)
Stanley Cup champions, 4–2 (Bruins)

2013–14
2013–14
82
46
21
—
15
107
267
220
681
3rd, Central
Won in First Round, 4–2 (Blues)
Won in Second Round, 4–2 (Wild)
Lost in Conference Finals, 3–4 (Kings)

2014–15
2014–15
82
48
28
—
6
102
229
189
570
3rd, Central
Won in First Round, 4–2 (Predators)
Won in Second Round, 4–0 (Wild)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–3 (Ducks)
Stanley Cup champions, 4–2 (Lightning)

2015–16
2015–16
82
47
26
—
9
103
235
209
581
3rd, Central
Lost in First Round, 3–4 (Blues)

2016–17
2016–17
82
50
23
—
9
109
244
213
566
1st, Central
Lost in First Round, 0–4 (Predators)

2017–18
2017–18
82
33
39
—
10
76
229
256
597
7th, Central
Did not qualify

Reg. season totals4
6,352
2,720
2,672
814
146
6,400
19,107
19,187
90,639

62 playoff appearances, 6 Stanley Cups

text: TG = Total Goals


document_title: Katherine Kelly Lang

question_text: who plays taylor forrester on bold and the beautiful

text: Katherine Kelly Lang

text: Personal life[edit]

text: She was born in Hollywood, California and graduated from Beverly Hills High School. She is the daughter of Olympic ski jumper Keith R. Wegeman and actress Judith Lang and the granddaughter of Oscar-winning cinematographer Charles Lang.[2]

text: Lang was divorced twice. She is the mother of three children: Jeremy Skott Snider (born 1990), Julian Lang Snider (born 1992), Zoe Katrina D'Andrea (born 1997), and has a stepdaughter, Danyelle D'Andrea (born 1991).[3]

text: On November 11, 2012, it was announced that Lang had filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences after 15 years of marriage.[4] The divorce was finalized in June 2014.[citation needed]

text: Career[edit]

text: Lang's first credit role was a movie called Skatetown, U.S.A. (1979), with Scott Baio, Maureen McCormick and Patrick Swayze. That was followed by guest roles in various television series such as the short-lived The Powers of Matthew Star and Masquerade and the long-running Riptide, Happy Days, The Fall Guy and HBO's 1st & Ten. Lang starred in the 1996 movie Subliminal Seduction. In 1985, Lang appeared in three music videos: Alabama's "There's No Way" (where she played the love interest of Alabama lead singer Randy Owen), and The Beach Boys' "Getcha Back" and its sequel "It's Gettin' Late".[citation needed]

text: In 1987, she was offered the role of blue-collar Brooke Logan on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, and has been an integral part of the program ever since. Her love affair with Ridge Forrester (played by Ronn Moss) has been a key story arc for over 20 years, and a love triangle among Brooke, Ridge, and Taylor (Hunter Tylo) stretched across an entire decade. The show's 5,000th episode included only the four core characters: Brooke, Ridge, Stephanie and Eric.[5] As of February 2015, Lang is one of only two actors to be on The Bold and the Beautiful throughout the series. The other is John McCook, who portrays Eric Forrester.[6]

text: She appeared as Brooke on The Young and the Restless in 1999, interacting with Eric Braeden (Victor), Peter Bergman (Jack), and Eileen Davidson (Ashley). Lang previously appeared on The Young and the Restless as Gretchen in 1981, and returned to the soap, for a brief stint, in July 2007. Her work as Brooke has been recognized with seven Soap Opera Digest Award nominations, beginning in 1991 and most recently in 2005.

text: Crystal Chappell won a Daytime Emmy Award along with Lang, Hillary B. Smith and Galen Gering in the Outstanding Drama Series: New Approach category for producing Venice: The Series.[7]

text: In 2016, Lang made an appearance as herself in the Australian soap opera Neighbours.[8]

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
List of acting performances in film and television

Year

Title

Role

Notes

1979

Skatetown, U.S.A.

Allison

Movie

1981

The Young and the Restless

Gretchen

Brooke Logan

Guest role; 1999, 2007

1982

Desperate Lives

Mary

Movie

1987

The Bold and the Beautiful

Brooke Logan

Series regular; 1987–present

1987

The Night Stalker

Denise

Movie

1995

Till the End of the Night

Diana Davenport

Movie

1996

Subliminal Seduction

Deb Danver

Television movie

2016

Neighbours

Herself

Guest role

2016

Have You Been Paying Attention?

Herself

Guest Quiz Master

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Work

Result

Ref

1990

Most Valuable Professional Award for Best Soap Opera Actress

The Bold and the Beautiful

Won

[9]

1991

Most Valuable Professional Award for Best Soap Opera Actress

Won

Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Heroine

Nominated

Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Story Line (shared with John McCook)

Nominated

1992

Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Wedding (shared with John McCook)

Nominated

1993

Soap Opera Digest Award for Hottest Female Star

Nominated

1994

Soap Opera Digest Award for Hottest Female Star

Nominated

1995

Most Valuable Professional Award for Best Soap Opera Actress

Won

Soap Opera Digest Award for Hottest Soap Couple (shared with Ronn Moss)

Nominated

1996

Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Love Story (shared with Hunter Tylo and Ronn Moss)

Nominated

2001

Soap Opera Digest Award for Favorite Storyline (shared with Winsor Harmon)

Nominated

Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Heroine

Nominated

2002

Daytime Emmy Award for America’s Favorite Couple Special Fan Award (shared with Sean Kanan)

Nominated

2003

Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Daytime Drama

Nominated

2004

TV Soap Golden Boomerang Awards for Most Popular Couple (shared with Ronn Moss)

Won

TV Soap Golden Boomerang Awards for Most Popular Female

Won

TV Soap Golden Boomerang Awards for Most Popular Storyline (shared with Ronn Moss and Jennifer Finnigan)

Won

2006

TV Soap Golden Boomerang Awards for Most Popular Couple (shared with Ronn Moss)

Won

TV Soap Golden Boomerang Awards for Most Popular Female Actor

Won

2013

Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series

Nominated

[10]

2014

Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series

Nominated


document_title: The Godfather Part III

question_text: when does the godfather part 3 take place

text: The Godfather Part III

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1979, Michael Corleone, approaching 60, is racked with guilt over his ruthless rise to power; especially for having ordered Fredo's assassination. He donates part of his tremendous wealth in charitable acts. Michael and Kay are divorced; their children, Anthony and Mary, live with Kay. At the reception following a papal order ceremony in St. Patrick's Old Cathedral in Michael's honor, Anthony tells his father that he is leaving law school to become an opera singer. Kay supports his decision, but Michael wants Anthony to either complete his law degree or join the "family business". Michael and Kay have an uneasy reunion when Kay reveals that she and Anthony know the truth about Fredo's death. Vincent arrives at the reception. He is embroiled in a feud with Joey Zasa. When Connie arranges for Vincent to meet Zasa, who calls Vincent a bastard, Vincent bites Zasa's ear. Although Michael is troubled by Vincent's fiery temper, he is impressed by his loyalty, so agrees to include him in the business.

text: Knowing that Archbishop Gilday, head of the Vatican Bank, has accumulated a massive deficit, Michael offers the Bank $600 million in exchange for shares in Internazionale Immobiliare, an international real estate company, which would make him its largest single shareholder with six seats on the company's 13-member board. He makes a tender offer to buy the Vatican's 25% share in the company, which will give him controlling interest. Immobiliare's board quickly approve the offer, pending ratification by the Pope.

text: Don Altobello, an elderly New York Mafia boss and Connie's godfather, tells Michael that his partners on the Commission want in on the Immobiliare deal. Michael wants the deal untainted by Mafia involvement and pays off the mob bosses from the sale of his Las Vegas holdings. Zasa receives nothing and, declaring Michael his enemy, storms out. Altobello follows Zasa, saying he will reason with him. Minutes later, a helicopter hovers outside the conference room and opens fire. Most of the bosses are killed, but Michael, Vincent, and Michael's bodyguard, Al Neri, escape. Neri tells Michael that the surviving mob bosses made deals with Zasa but Michael realizes that it is Altobello who is the traitor, suffers a diabetic stroke, and is hospitalized. As Michael recuperates, Vincent and Mary begin a romantic relationship, while Neri and Connie give Vincent permission to retaliate against Zasa. During a street festival hosted by Zasa's Italian American civil rights group, Vincent kills Zasa. Michael berates Vincent for his actions and insists that Vincent end his relationship with Mary, explaining Vincent's involvement in the family's criminal enterprises endangers her life.

text: The family goes to Sicily for Anthony's operatic debut in Palermo at the Teatro Massimo and stay with Don Tommasino. Michael tells Vincent to pretend to defect from the Corleone family in order to spy on Altobello. Altobello introduces Vincent to Don Licio Lucchesi, a powerful Italian political figure and Immobiliare's chairman. Michael discovers that the Immobiliare deal is an elaborate swindle, conspired by Lucchesi, Gilday, and Vatican accountant Frederick Keinszig. Michael visits Cardinal Lamberto, favored to become the next Pope, to discuss the deal. Lamberto persuades Michael to make his first confession in 30 years. Michael tearfully confesses that he ordered Fredo's murder, and Lamberto says that Michael deserves to suffer but can be redeemed.

text: Altobello hires Mosca, a veteran hitman, to assassinate Michael. Mosca and his son, disguised as priests, kill Don Tommasino as he returns to his villa. While Michael and Kay tour Sicily, Michael asks for Kay's forgiveness, and they admit they still love each other. Michael receives word of Tommasino's death, and at the funeral vows never to sin again. After the Pope dies, Cardinal Lamberto is elected as Pope John Paul I, and the Immobiliare deal is to be ratified. The plotters against the ratification attempt to cover their tracks. Vincent tells Michael that Altobello is plotting to have Mosca assassinate Michael. Michael sees that his nephew is a changed man and names him the new Don of the Corleone family, telling him to adopt the Corleone name. Vincent ends his romance with Mary.

text: The family sees Anthony's performance in Cavalleria rusticana in Palermo while Vincent exacts his revenge:

text:
Keinszig is abducted by Vincent's men, who smother and then hang him from a bridge, making his death look like suicide.
Don Altobello, at the opera, is given poisoned cannoli by Connie, who watches him die from her opera box.
Calò, Tommasino's former bodyguard, meets with Don Lucchesi at his office, claiming to bear a message from Michael. As he whispers the message, Calò stabs Lucchesi in the neck with his own spectacles.
The Pope is served poisoned tea by Archbishop Gilday and dies after he approves the Immobiliare deal.
Al Neri travels to the Vatican, where he shoots Archbishop Gilday.

tag: ul

text: Armed with a sniper rifle at the opera house during Anthony's performance, Mosca kills three of Vincent's men, but is unable to aim at Michael. In attempting to shoot Michael outside the opera house, he kills Mary. Vincent kills Mosca. Michael cradles Mary and screams in agony.

text: Years later, an elderly Michael sits alone in the garden of Don Tommasino's villa and suddenly slumps over in his chair, falling to the ground.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Al Pacino as Michael Corleone
Andy García as Vincent Corleone
Diane Keaton as Kay Adams-Corleone
Talia Shire as Connie Corleone
Sofia Coppola as Mary Corleone
Eli Wallach as Don Altobello
George Hamilton as B. J. Harrison
Joe Mantegna as Joey Zasa
Richard Bright as Al Neri
Bridget Fonda as Grace Hamilton
Raf Vallone as Cardinal Lamberto
Franc D'Ambrosio as Anthony Corleone
Donal Donnelly as Archbishop Gilday
Helmut Berger as Frederick Keinszig
Don Novello as Dominic Abbandando
John Savage as Father Andrew Hagen
Mario Donatone as Mosca
Vittorio Duse as Don Tommasino
Enzo Robutti as Don Licio Lucchesi
Al Martino as Johnny Fontane

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: Coppola felt that the first two films had told the complete Corleone saga. In his audio commentary for Part II, he stated that only a dire financial situation caused by the failure of One from the Heart (1982) compelled him to take up Paramount's long-standing offer to make a third installment.[3]

text: Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, and Talia Shire reprised their roles from the first two films. According to Coppola's audio commentary on the film in The Godfather DVD Collection, Robert Duvall refused to take part unless he was paid a salary comparable to Pacino's. On an episode of Inside the Actors Studio,[when?] Duvall said he understood that Pacino was the star but felt insulted by the difference in their salaries, saying: "if they paid Pacino twice what they paid me, that's fine, but not three or four times, which is what they did." When Duvall dropped out, Coppola rewrote the screenplay to portray Tom Hagen as having died before the story begins and created the character B.J. Harrison, played by George Hamilton, to replace the Hagen character in the story. Coppola stated that, to him, the movie feels incomplete "without [Robert] Duvall's participation". According to Coppola, had Duvall agreed to take part in the film, the Hagen character would have been heavily involved in running the Corleone charities. Duvall confirmed in a 2010 interview that he never regretted the decision of turning down his role.[4]

text: The first draft of a script had been written by Dean Riesner in 1979, based on a story by Mario Puzo. This script centered around Michael Corleone's son, Anthony, a naval officer working for the CIA, and the Corleone family's involvement with a plot to assassinate a Central American dictator.[5] Almost none of the elements of this early script carried over to the final film, but one scene from the film – in which two men break into Vincent's house – exists in the Riesner draft and is nearly unchanged.[6]

text: Coppola says that he felt The Godfather saga was essentially Michael's story, one about how "a good man becomes evil", that Michael had not really "paid for his sins" committed in the second film, and he wanted this final chapter to demonstrate that. In keeping with this theme, Coppola completely re-wrote the script.[citation needed]

text: Julia Roberts was originally cast as Mary but dropped out due to scheduling conflicts.[7] Madonna wanted to play the role, but Coppola felt she was too old for the part.[8] Rebecca Schaeffer was set to audition[9] but was murdered. Winona Ryder dropped out of the film at the last minute.[7] Ultimately Sofia Coppola, the director's daughter, was given the role of Michael Corleone's daughter. Her much-criticized performance resulted in her father's being accused of nepotism, a charge Coppola denies in the commentary track, asserting that, in his opinion, critics, "beginning with an article in Vanity Fair," were "using [my] daughter to attack me," something he finds ironic in light of the film's denouement when the Mary character pays the ultimate price for her father's sins.

text: As an infant, Sofia Coppola had played Michael Corleone's infant nephew in The Godfather, during the climactic baptism/murder montage at the end of that film (Sofia Coppola also appeared in The Godfather Part II, as a small immigrant child in the scene where the nine-year-old Vito Corleone arrives by steamer at Ellis Island). The character of Michael's sister Connie is played by Francis Ford Coppola's sister, Talia Shire (making her both Mary's aunt in the movie and Sofia's aunt in real life). Other Coppola relatives with cameos in the film included the director's mother, father (who wrote and conducted much of the music in the film), uncle, and granddaughter Gia.[10] In addition, Coppola cast Catherine Scorsese, mother of Martin Scorsese, in a small part.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: At Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 67% rating, based on reviews from 57 critics.[11] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 60, based on 19 reviews, which indicates "mixed or average reviews".[12] Common criticisms have focused on Sofia Coppola's acting, the plot's convoluted nature, and its inadequacy as a "stand-alone" story.[13][14]

text: In his review, Roger Ebert stated that it is "not even possible to understand this film without knowing the first two." Nonetheless, Ebert wrote an enthusiastic review, awarding the film three-and-a-half stars, a better rating than he gave The Godfather Part II in an earlier review.[15] In his 2008 re-rating, he gave 4 stars for The Godfather Part II[16] and included it in his list of Great Movies from which he excluded The Godfather Part III. He also defended the casting of Sofia Coppola, who he felt was not miscast, stating, "There is no way to predict what kind of performance Francis Ford Coppola might have obtained from Winona Ryder, the experienced and talented young actress, who was originally set to play this role. But I think Sofia Coppola brings a quality of her own to Mary Corleone. A certain up-front vulnerability and simplicity that I think are appropriate and right for the role."

text: Ebert's colleague, Gene Siskel, also highly praised the film and placed it on his list of the ten best films of 1990 (#10). Siskel admitted that the ending was the film's weakest part, citing Al Pacino's makeup as very poor. He also said, “[Another] problem is the casting of Sofia Coppola, who is out of her acting league here. She’s supposed to be Andy Garcia’s love interest but no sparks fly. He’s more like her babysitter.” In response to Ebert’s defense of Coppola, Siskel said: “I know what you’re saying about her being sort of natural and not the polished bombshell, and that would’ve been wrong. There is one, a photographer in the picture, who takes care of that role, but at the same time, I don’t think it’s explained why [Vincent] really comes onto her, unless this guy is the most venal, craven guy, but look who [sic] he’s playing around with. He’s playing around with the Godfather’s daughter.”[17]

text: Leonard Maltin, giving the film three out of four stars, stated that the film is "masterfully told", but that casting Sofia Coppola was an "almost-fatal flaw."[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Although reception to the film was mixed, the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Andy García), Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (Dean Tavoularis, Gary Fettis), Best Music, Song (for Carmine Coppola and John Bettis for "Promise Me You'll Remember").[19][20] It is the only film in the series not to have Al Pacino nominated for an Academy Award (he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for The Godfather and for Best Actor for The Godfather Part II). It is the only film in the trilogy not to win for Best Picture or any other Academy Award for that matter, as well as the only film in the trilogy not selected for preservation by the U.S. National Film Registry. Along with The Lord of the Rings, The Godfather Trilogy shares the distinction that all of its installments were nominated for Best Picture.

text: The film was also nominated for seven Golden Globes Awards, but did not win.[21] Sofia Coppola won two Golden Raspberry Awards for both Worst Supporting Actress and Worst New Star.

text:
Award

Category

Nominee

Result

63rd Academy Awards

Best Picture

Francis Ford Coppola

Nominated

Best Director

Nominated

Best Actor in a Supporting Role

Andy García

Nominated

Best Music, Original Song

"Promise Me You'll Remember" (Music by Carmine Coppola; Lyrics by John Bettis)

Nominated

Best Art Direction-Set Decoration

Dean Tavoularis and Gary Fettis

Nominated

Best Cinematography

Gordon Willis

Nominated

Best Film Editing

Barry Malkin, Lisa Fruchtman, and Walter Murch

Nominated

43rd Directors Guild of America Awards

Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures

Francis Ford Coppola

Nominated

48th Golden Globe Awards

Best Motion Picture - Drama

Nominated

Best Director - Motion Picture

Francis Ford Coppola

Nominated

Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama

Al Pacino

Nominated

Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture

Andy García

Nominated

Best Screenplay - Motion Picture

Francis Ford Coppola and Mario Puzo

Nominated

Best Original Score - Motion Picture

Carmine Coppola

Nominated

Best Original Song - Motion Picture

"Promise Me You'll Remember" (Music by Carmine Coppola; Lyrics by John Bettis)

Nominated

11th Golden Raspberry Awards

Worst Supporting Actress

Sofia Coppola

Won

Worst New Star

Won

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
Michael Corleone: "Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in." – Nominated[22]

text: Historical background[edit]

text: Parts of the film are very loosely based on real historical events concerning the ending of the papacy of Pope Paul VI, the very short tenure of John Paul I in 1978, and the collapse of the Banco Ambrosiano in 1982. Like the character Cardinal Lamberto, who becomes John Paul I, the historical John Paul I, Albino Luciani, reigned for only a very short time before being found dead in his bed.

text: Journalist David Yallop argues that Luciani was planning a reform of Vatican finances and that he died by poisoning; these claims are reflected in the film.[23] Yallop also names as a suspect Archbishop Paul Marcinkus, who was the head of the Vatican bank, like the character Archbishop Gilday in the film. However, while Marcinkus was noted for his muscular physique and Chicago origins, Gilday is a mild Irishman. The character has also drawn comparisons to Cardinal Giuseppe Caprio, as he was in charge of the Vatican finances during the approximate period in which the movie was based.[24]

text: The character of Frederick Keinszig, the Swiss banker who is murdered and left hanging under a bridge, mirrors the fate (and physical appearance) of Roberto Calvi, the Italian head of the Banco Ambrosiano who was found hanging under Blackfriars Bridge in London in 1982 (it was unclear whether it was suicide or murder; courts in Italy have recently ruled the latter).[25] The name "Keinszig" is taken from Manuela Kleinszig, the girlfriend of Flavio Carbone who was indicted as one of Roberto Calvi's murderers in 2005.[26]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's soundtrack received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Score.[27] Also, the film's love theme, "Promise Me You'll Remember" (subtitled "Love Theme from The Godfather Part III") sung by Harry Connick, Jr., received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Song.

text: Al Martino, who portrayed Johnny Fontane in The Godfather and The Godfather Part III, sings "To Each His Own".

text: Planned sequel[edit]

text: Following the reaction to the third installment, Coppola stated that the idea of a fourth film was discussed but never went into production; Mario Puzo died before they were able to write the film. Puzo and Coppola had discussed a potential script, told in a similar narrative to Part II, which would have featured: De Niro reprising his role as a younger Vito Corleone in the 1930s; a young Santino Corleone gaining the Corleone family's political power; Andy Garcia reprising his role as Vincent Corleone, during the 1980s, haunted by the death of his cousin Mary, running the family business through a ten-year destructive war, and eventually losing the family's respect and power; and one final scene with Michael Corleone before his death.[28] Andy Garcia has since claimed the film's script was nearly produced.[28] Leonardo DiCaprio was slated to portray a young Sonny Corleone.[29]

text: Puzo's portion of the potential sequel, dealing with the Corleone family in the early 1930s, was eventually expanded into a novel by Edward Falco and published in 2012 as The Family Corleone.[30][31] Paramount sued the Puzo estate to prevent publication of the novel, prompting a counter-suit on the part of the estate claiming breach of contract. The studio and the estate subsequently settled the suits, allowing publication of the book, but with the studio retaining rights to future films.[32]


document_title: Card security code

question_text: where is the security code located on a master card

text: Card security code

text: Description[edit]

text: The codes have different names:

text:
"CID": "Card Id", "Card Identification Number", or "Card Identification Code" – Discover, American Express (four digits on front of card)[a][4]
"CSC" or "Card Security Code" – debit cards,[which?] American Express (three digits on back of card)[4]
"CVC2" or "Card Validation Code" – MasterCard
"CVD" or "Card Verification Data" – Discover, sometimes used as the common acronym for this kind of code
"CVE" or "Elo Verification Code" – Elo in Brazil
"CVN2" or "Card Validation Number 2" – China UnionPay
"CVV2" or "Card Verification Value 2" – Visa

text: Types of codes[edit]

text: There are several types of security codes:

text:
The first code, called CVC1 or CVV1, is encoded on track two of the magnetic stripe of the card and used for card present transactions. The purpose of the code is to verify that a payment card is actually in the hand of the merchant. This code is automatically retrieved when the magnetic stripe of a card is swiped on a point-of-sale (card present) device and is verified by the issuer. A limitation is that if the entire card has been duplicated and the magnetic stripe copied, then the code is still valid. (See credit card fraud § skimming.)
The second code, and the most cited, is CVV2 or CVC2. This code is often sought by merchants for card not present transactions occurring by mail, fax, telephone or Internet. In some countries in Western Europe, card issuers require a merchant to obtain the code when the cardholder is not present in person.[citation needed]
Contactless cards and chip cards may supply their own electronically generated codes, such as iCVV or a dynamic CVV.

text: Location of code[edit]

text: The card security code is typically the last three or four digits printed, not embossed like the card number, on the signature strip on the back of the card. On American Express cards, the card security code is the four digits printed (not embossed) on the front towards the right. The card security code is not encoded on the magnetic stripe but is printed flat.

text:
American Express cards have a four-digit code printed on the front side of the card above the number.
Diners Club, Discover, JCB, MasterCard, and Visa credit and debit cards have a three-digit card security code. The code is the final group of numbers printed on the back signature panel of the card.
New North American MasterCard and Visa cards feature the code in a separate panel to the right of the signature strip.[5] This has been done to prevent overwriting of the numbers by signing the card.

text: Security benefits[edit]

text: As a security measure, merchants who require the CVV2 for "card not present" payment card transactions are required by the card issuer not to store the CVV2 once the individual transaction is authorized.[6] This way, if a database of transactions is compromised, the CVV2 is not included, and the stolen card numbers are less useful. Virtual terminals and payment gateways do not store the CVV2 code, therefore employees and customer service representatives with access to these web-based payment interfaces who otherwise have access to complete card numbers, expiration dates, and other information still lack the CVV2 code.

text: The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) also prohibits the storage of CSC (and other sensitive authorisation data) post transaction authorisation. This applies globally to anyone who stores, processes or transmits card holder data.[7] Since the CSC is not contained on the magnetic stripe of the card, it is not typically included in the transaction when the card is used face to face at a merchant. However, some merchants in North America, such as Sears and Staples, require the code. For American Express cards, this has been an invariable practice (for "card not present" transactions) in European Union (EU) countries like Ireland and the United Kingdom since the start of 2005. This provides a level of protection to the bank/cardholder, in that a fraudulent merchant or employee cannot simply capture the magnetic stripe details of a card and use them later for "card not present" purchases over the phone, mail order or Internet. To do this, a merchant or its employee would also have to note the CVV2 visually and record it, which is more likely to arouse the cardholder's suspicion.

text: Supplying the CSC code in a transaction is intended to verify that the customer has the card in their possession. Knowledge of the code proves that the customer has seen the card, or has seen a record made by somebody who saw the card.

text: Limitations[edit]

text:
The use of the CSC cannot protect against phishing scams, where the cardholder is tricked into entering the CSC among other card details via a fraudulent website. The growth in phishing has reduced the real-world effectiveness of the CSC as an anti-fraud device. There is now also a scam where a phisher has already obtained the card account number (perhaps by hacking a merchant database or from a poorly designed receipt) and gives this information to the victims (lulling them into a false sense of security) before asking for the CSC (which is all that the phisher needs).[8]
Since the CSC may not be stored by the merchant for any length of time[6] (after the original transaction in which the CSC was quoted and then authorized), a merchant who needs to regularly bill a card for a regular subscription would not be able to provide the code after the initial transaction. Payment gateways, however, have responded by adding "periodic bill" features as part of the authorization process.
Some card issuers do not use the CSC. However, transactions without CSC are possibly subjected to higher card processing cost to the merchants,[citation needed] and fraudulent transactions without CSC are more likely to be resolved in favour of the cardholder.[citation needed]
It is not mandatory for a merchant to require the security code for making a transaction, hence the card may still be prone to fraud even if only its number is known to phishers.
It is possible for a fraudster to guess the CSC by using a distributed attack.[9]

text: Generation of CSC[edit]

text: The CSC for each card (form 1 and 2) is generated by the card issuer when the card is issued. It is calculated by encrypting the bank card number and expiration date (two fields printed on the card) with encryption keys known only to the card issuer, and decimalising the result.[10][11]