document_title: ATP synthase

question_text: where is atp synthase located within the mitochondria

text: ATP synthase

text: Nomenclature[edit]

text: The F1 fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and FO (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally-derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the FO unit of ATP synthase.[3][4] These functional regions consist of different protein subunits — refer to tables.

text: Structure and function[edit]

text:
Located within the thylakoid membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane, ATP synthase consists of two regions FO and F1. FO causes rotation of F1 and is made of c-ring and subunits a, b, d, F6. F1 is made of

α
,
β
,
γ
,
δ

{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta }

 subunits. F1 has a water-soluble part that can hydrolyze ATP. FO on the other hand has mainly hydrophobic regions. FO F1 creates a pathway for protons movement across the membrane.[7]

text: F1 region[edit]

text:
The F1 portion of ATP synthase is hydrophilic and responsible for hydrolyzing ATP. Subunits

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

 and

β

{\displaystyle \beta }

 make a hexamer with 6 binding sites. Three of them are catalytically inactive and they bind ADP.

text:
Other three subunits catalyze the ATP synthesis. The other F1 subunits

γ
,
δ
,
ϵ

{\displaystyle \gamma ,\delta ,\epsilon }

 are a part of a rotational motor mechanism.

γ

{\displaystyle \gamma }

 subunit allows

β

{\displaystyle \beta }

 to go through conformational changes, i.e. closed, half open and open states allows for ATP to be bound and released once synthesized. The F1 particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining.[8] These are particles of 9 nm diameter that pepper the inner mitochondrial membrane.

text:
F1 - Subunits

Subunit
Human Gene

alpha
ATP5A1, ATPAF2

beta
ATP5B, ATPAF1, C16orf7

gamma
ATP5C1

delta
ATP5D

epsilon
ATP5E

text: FO region[edit]

text: Fo is a water insoluble protein with eight subunits and a transmembrane ring. The ring has a tetramer shape with a helix loop helix protein that goes though conformational changes when protonated and deprotonated, pushing neighboring subunits to rotate, causing the spinning of FO which then also affects conformation of F1, resulting in switching of states of alpha and beta subunits. The FO region of ATP synthase is a proton pore that is embedded in the mitochondrial membrane. It consists of three main subunits a, b, and c, and (in humans) six additional subunits, d, e, f, g, F6, and 8 (or A6L). An atomic model for the dimeric yeast FO region was determined by cryo-EM at an overall resolution of 3.6 Å [10]

text:
FO-Main subunits

Subunit
Human Gene

a
ATP6

b
ATP5F1

c
ATP5G1, ATP5G2, ATP5G3

text: Binding model[edit]

text: In the 1960s through the 1970s, Paul Boyer, a UCLA Professor, developed the binding change, or flip-flop, mechanism theory, which postulated that ATP synthesis is dependent on a conformational change in ATP synthase generated by rotation of the gamma subunit. The research group of John E. Walker, then at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, crystallized the F1 catalytic-domain of ATP synthase. The structure, at the time the largest asymmetric protein structure known, indicated that Boyer's rotary-catalysis model was, in essence, correct. For elucidating this, Boyer and Walker shared half of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

text: The crystal structure of the F1 showed alternating alpha and beta subunits (3 of each), arranged like segments of an orange around a rotating asymmetrical gamma subunit. According to the current model of ATP synthesis (known as the alternating catalytic model), the transmembrane potential created by (H+) proton cations supplied by the electron transport chain, drives the (H+) proton cations from the intermembrane space through the membrane via the FO region of ATP synthase. A portion of the FO (the ring of c-subunits) rotates as the protons pass through the membrane. The c-ring is tightly attached to the asymmetric central stalk (consisting primarily of the gamma subunit), causing it to rotate within the alpha3beta3 of F1 causing the 3 catalytic nucleotide binding sites to go through a series of conformational changes that lead to ATP synthesis. The major F1 subunits are prevented from rotating in sympathy with the central stalk rotor by a peripheral stalk that joins the alpha3beta3 to the non-rotating portion of FO. The structure of the intact ATP synthase is currently known at low-resolution from electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) studies of the complex. The cryo-EM model of ATP synthase suggests that the peripheral stalk is a flexible structure that wraps around the complex as it joins F1 to FO. Under the right conditions, the enzyme reaction can also be carried out in reverse, with ATP hydrolysis driving proton pumping across the membrane.

text: The binding change mechanism involves the active site of a β subunit's cycling between three states.[11] In the "loose" state, ADP and phosphate enter the active site; in the adjacent diagram, this is shown in pink. The enzyme then undergoes a change in shape and forces these molecules together, with the active site in the resulting "tight" state (shown in red) binding the newly produced ATP molecule with very high affinity. Finally, the active site cycles back to the open state (orange), releasing ATP and binding more ADP and phosphate, ready for the next cycle of ATP production.[12]

text: Physiological role[edit]

text: Like other enzymes, the activity of F1FO ATP synthase is reversible. Large-enough quantities of ATP cause it to create a transmembrane proton gradient, this is used by fermenting bacteria that do not have an electron transport chain, but rather hydrolyze ATP to make a proton gradient, which they use to drive flagella and the transport of nutrients into the cell.

text: In respiring bacteria under physiological conditions, ATP synthase, in general, runs in the opposite direction, creating ATP while using the proton motive force created by the electron transport chain as a source of energy. The overall process of creating energy in this fashion is termed oxidative phosphorylation. The same process takes place in the mitochondria, where ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and the F1-part projects into mitochondrial matrix. The consumption of ATP by ATP-synthase pumps proton cations into the matrix.

text: Evolution[edit]

text: The evolution of ATP synthase is thought to have been modular whereby two functionally independent subunits became associated and gained new functionality.[13][14] This association appears to have occurred early in evolutionary history, because essentially the same structure and activity of ATP synthase enzymes are present in all kingdoms of life.[13] The F-ATP synthase displays high functional and mechanistic similarity to the V-ATPase.[15] However, whereas the F-ATP synthase generates ATP by utilising a proton gradient, the V-ATPase generates a proton gradient at the expense of ATP, generating pH values of as low as 1.[16]

text: The F1 region also shows significant similarity to hexameric DNA helicases, and the FO region shows some similarity to H+-powered flagellar motor complexes.[15] The α3β3 hexamer of the F1 region shows significant structural similarity to hexameric DNA helicases; both form a ring with 3-fold rotational symmetry with a central pore. Both have roles dependent on the relative rotation of a macromolecule within the pore; the DNA helicases use the helical shape of DNA to drive their motion along the DNA molecule and to detect supercoiling, whereas the α3β3 hexamer uses the conformational changes through the rotation of the γ subunit to drive an enzymatic reaction.[17]

text: The H+ motor of the FO particle shows great functional similarity to the H+ motors that drive flagella.[15] Both feature a ring of many small alpha-helical proteins that rotate relative to nearby stationary proteins, using a H+ potential gradient as an energy source. This link is tenuous, however, as the overall structure of flagellar motors is far more complex than that of the FO particle and the ring with about 30 rotating proteins is far larger than the 10, 11, or 14 helical proteins in the FO complex.

text: The modular evolution theory for the origin of ATP synthase suggests that two subunits with independent function, a DNA helicase with ATPase activity and a H+ motor, were able to bind, and the rotation of the motor drove the ATPase activity of the helicase in reverse.[13][17] This complex then evolved greater efficiency and eventually developed into today's intricate ATP synthases. Alternatively, the DNA helicase/H+ motor complex may have had H+ pump activity with the ATPase activity of the helicase driving the H+ motor in reverse.[13] This may have evolved to carry out the reverse reaction and act as an ATP synthase.[14][18][19]

text: In different species[edit]

text: E. coli[edit]

text: E. coli ATP synthase is the simplest known form of ATP synthase, with 8 different subunit types.[20]

text: Yeast[edit]

text: Yeast ATP synthase is one of the best-studied eukaryotic ATP synthases; and five F1, eight FO subunits, and seven associated proteins have been identified.[7] Most of these proteins have homologues in other eukaryotes.[21][22][23]

text: Plant[edit]

text: In plants, ATP synthase is also present in chloroplasts (CF1FO-ATP synthase). The enzyme is integrated into thylakoid membrane; the CF1-part sticks into stroma, where dark reactions of photosynthesis (also called the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle) and ATP synthesis take place. The overall structure and the catalytic mechanism of the chloroplast ATP synthase are almost the same as those of the mitochondrial enzyme. However, in chloroplasts, the proton motive force is generated not by respiratory electron transport chain but by primary photosynthetic proteins.

text: Bovine[edit]

text: The ATP synthase isolated from bovine heart mitochondria (Bos taurus) is, in terms of biochemistry and structure, the best-characterized ATP synthase. Beef heart is used as a source for the enzyme because of the high concentration of mitochondria in cardiac muscle.[24][25][26]

text: Human[edit]

text: The following is a list of humans genes that encode components of ATP synthases:

text:
ATP5A1, ATP5AL1
ATP5B, ATP5BL1
ATP5C2, ATP5D, ATP5E, ATP5F1, ATP5G1, ATP5G2, ATP5G3, ATP5H, ATP5HP1, ATP5I, ATP5J, ATP5J2, ATP5L, ATP5L2, ATP5O, ATP5S
ATP6, ATP6AP1, ATP6AP2
ATPSBL1, ATPSBL2
MT-ATP6, MT-ATP8


document_title: List of National Basketball Association seasons

question_text: when did the nba go to 82 games

question_tokens: when did the nba go to 82 games

root

text: List[edit]

text:
Year[a]
Top seed
Record
Year[b]
Eastern champion
Western champion
Year[c]
Champion
No. of teams[d]
No. of games[e]
Notes[f]
Ref.

Regular season
Playoffs
Finals

1946–47
Washington Capitols
6999817009999900000♠ 49–11 (.817)
1947
—[g]
—[g]
1947
Philadelphia Warriors
11
60–61
Inaugural season started with 11 teams
[6]

1947–48
St. Louis Bombers
6999604000000000000♠ 29–19 (.604)
1948
—[g]
—[g]
1948
Baltimore Bullets[h]
8
48
4 teams folded;
1 ABL team joined
[7]

1948–49
Rochester Royals
6999750000000000000♠ 45–15 (.750)
1949
Washington Capitols
Minneapolis Lakers
1949
Minneapolis Lakers
12
60
4 NBL teams joined
[8]

1949–50
Syracuse Nationals
6999797000000000000♠ 51–13 (.797)
1950
Syracuse Nationals
Anderson Packers[i]
1950
Minneapolis Lakers[j]
17
62–68
NBL merged with BAA and was renamed NBA;
2 teams folded;
6 NBL teams joined;
1 expansion team joined
[9]

1950–51
Minneapolis Lakers
6999647000000000000♠ 44–24 (.647)
1951
New York Knicks
Rochester Royals
1951
Rochester Royals
11
66–69
6 teams folded;
1 team folded during the season;[10]
the first All-Star Game was held
[11]

1951–52
Rochester Royals
6999621000000000000♠ 41–25 (.621)
1952
New York Knicks
Minneapolis Lakers
1952
Minneapolis Lakers
10
66

[12]

1952–53
Minneapolis Lakers
6999686000000000000♠ 48–22 (.686)
1953
New York Knicks
Minneapolis Lakers
1953
Minneapolis Lakers
10
69–71

[13]

1953–54
Minneapolis Lakers
6999639000000000000♠ 46–26 (.639)
1954
Syracuse Nationals
Minneapolis Lakers
1954
Minneapolis Lakers
9
72
1 team folded
[14]

1954–55
Syracuse Nationals
Fort Wayne Pistons[k]
6999597000000000000♠ 43–29 (.597)
1955
Syracuse Nationals
Fort Wayne Pistons
1955
Syracuse Nationals
9
72
1 team folded during the season[15]
[16]

1955–56
Philadelphia Warriors
6999625000000000000♠ 45–27 (.625)
1956
Philadelphia Warriors
Fort Wayne Pistons
1956
Philadelphia Warriors
8
72

[17]

1956–57
Boston Celtics
6999611000000000000♠ 44–28 (.611)
1957
Boston Celtics
St. Louis Hawks
1957
Boston Celtics
8
72

[18]

1957–58
Boston Celtics
6999681000000000000♠ 49–23 (.681)
1958
Boston Celtics
St. Louis Hawks
1958
St. Louis Hawks
8
72

[19]

1958–59
Boston Celtics
6999722000000000000♠ 52–20 (.722)
1959
Boston Celtics
Minneapolis Lakers
1959
Boston Celtics
8
72

[20]

1959–60
Boston Celtics
6999787000000000000♠ 59–16 (.787)
1960
Boston Celtics
St. Louis Hawks
1960
Boston Celtics
8
75

[21]

1960–61
Boston Celtics
6999722000000000000♠ 57–22 (.722)
1961
Boston Celtics
St. Louis Hawks
1961
Boston Celtics
8
79

[22]

1961–62
Boston Celtics
6999750000000000000♠ 60–20 (.750)
1962
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1962
Boston Celtics
9
80
1 expansion team joined
[23]

1962–63
Boston Celtics
6999725000000000000♠ 58–22 (.725)
1963
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1963
Boston Celtics
9
80

[24]

1963–64
Boston Celtics
6999738000000000000♠ 59–21 (.738)
1964
Boston Celtics
San Francisco Warriors
1964
Boston Celtics
9
80

[25]

1964–65
Boston Celtics
6999775000000000000♠ 62–18 (.775)
1965
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1965
Boston Celtics
9
80
Named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[26]

1965–66
Philadelphia 76ers
6999688009999900000♠ 55–25 (.688)
1966
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1966
Boston Celtics
9
80

[27]

1966–67
Philadelphia 76ers
6999840000000000000♠ 68–13 (.840)
1967
Philadelphia 76ers
San Francisco Warriors
1967
Philadelphia 76ers
10
81
1 expansion team joined;
named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[28]

1967–68
Philadelphia 76ers
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
1968
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1968
Boston Celtics
12
82
2 expansion teams joined
[29]

1968–69
Baltimore Bullets
6999695009999900000♠ 57–25 (.695)
1969
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1969
Boston Celtics
14
82
2 expansion teams joined
[30]

1969–70
New York Knicks
6999732000000000000♠ 60–22 (.732)
1970
New York Knicks
Los Angeles Lakers
1970
New York Knicks
14
82
Named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[31]

1970–71
Milwaukee Bucks
6999805000000000000♠ 66–16 (.805)
1971
Baltimore Bullets
Milwaukee Bucks
1971
Milwaukee Bucks
17
82
3 expansion teams joined
[32]

1971–72
Los Angeles Lakers
6999841000000000000♠ 69–13 (.841)
1972
New York Knicks
Los Angeles Lakers
1972
Los Angeles Lakers
17
82
Named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[33]

1972–73
Boston Celtics
6999829000000000000♠ 68–14 (.829)
1973
New York Knicks
Los Angeles Lakers
1973
New York Knicks
17
82

[34]

1973–74
Milwaukee Bucks
6999720000000000000♠ 59–23 (.720)
1974
Boston Celtics
Milwaukee Bucks
1974
Boston Celtics
17
82

[35]

1974–75
Boston Celtics[l]
6999732000000000000♠ 60–22 (.732)
1975
Washington Bullets
Golden State Warriors
1975
Golden State Warriors
18
82
1 expansion team joined
[36]

1975–76
Golden State Warriors
6999720000000000000♠ 59–23 (.720)
1976
Boston Celtics
Phoenix Suns
1976
Boston Celtics
18
82

[37]

1976–77
Los Angeles Lakers
6999646000000000000♠ 53–29 (.646)
1977
Philadelphia 76ers
Portland Trail Blazers
1977
Portland Trail Blazers
22
82
ABA merged with NBA;
4 ABA teams joined
[38]

1977–78
Portland Trail Blazers
6999707000000000000♠ 58–24 (.707)
1978
Washington Bullets
Seattle SuperSonics
1978
Washington Bullets
22
82

[39]

1978–79
Washington Bullets
6999659000000000000♠ 54–28 (.659)
1979
Washington Bullets
Seattle SuperSonics
1979
Seattle SuperSonics
22
82

[40]

1979–80
Boston Celtics
6999744000000000000♠ 61–21 (.744)
1980
Philadelphia 76ers
Los Angeles Lakers
1980
Los Angeles Lakers
22
82

[41]

1980–81
Boston Celtics[m]
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
1981
Boston Celtics
Houston Rockets
1981
Boston Celtics
23
82
1 expansion team joined
[42]

1981–82
Boston Celtics
6999768000000000000♠ 63–19 (.768)
1982
Philadelphia 76ers
Los Angeles Lakers
1982
Los Angeles Lakers
23
82

[43]

1982–83
Philadelphia 76ers
6999793000000000000♠ 65–17 (.793)
1983
Philadelphia 76ers
Los Angeles Lakers
1983
Philadelphia 76ers
23
82
Named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[44]

1983–84
Boston Celtics
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
1984
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1984
Boston Celtics
23
82

[45]

1984–85
Boston Celtics
6999768000000000000♠ 63–19 (.768)
1985
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1985
Los Angeles Lakers
23
82

[46]

1985–86
Boston Celtics
6999817009999900000♠ 67–15 (.817)
1986
Boston Celtics
Houston Rockets
1986
Boston Celtics
23
82
Named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[47]

1986–87
Los Angeles Lakers
6999793000000000000♠ 65–17 (.793)
1987
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
1987
Los Angeles Lakers
23
82
Named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[48]

1987–88
Los Angeles Lakers
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
1988
Detroit Pistons
Los Angeles Lakers
1988
Los Angeles Lakers
23
82

[49]

1988–89
Detroit Pistons
6999768000000000000♠ 63–19 (.768)
1989
Detroit Pistons
Los Angeles Lakers
1989
Detroit Pistons
25
82
2 expansion teams joined;
named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[50]

1989–90
Los Angeles Lakers
6999768000000000000♠ 63–19 (.768)
1990
Detroit Pistons
Portland Trail Blazers
1990
Detroit Pistons
27
82
2 expansion teams joined
[51]

1990–91
Portland Trail Blazers
6999768000000000000♠ 63–19 (.768)
1991
Chicago Bulls
Los Angeles Lakers
1991
Chicago Bulls
27
82

[52]

1991–92
Chicago Bulls
6999817009999900000♠ 67–15 (.817)
1992
Chicago Bulls
Portland Trail Blazers
1992
Chicago Bulls
27
82
Named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[53]

1992–93
Phoenix Suns
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
1993
Chicago Bulls
Phoenix Suns
1993
Chicago Bulls
27
82

[54]

1993–94
Seattle SuperSonics
6999768000000000000♠ 63–19 (.768)
1994
New York Knicks
Houston Rockets
1994
Houston Rockets
27
82

[55]

1994–95
San Antonio Spurs
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
1995
Orlando Magic
Houston Rockets
1995
Houston Rockets
27
82

[56]

1995–96
Chicago Bulls
6999878000000000000♠ 72–10 (.878)
1996
Chicago Bulls
Seattle SuperSonics
1996
Chicago Bulls
29
82
2 expansion teams joined;
named as one of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History
[57]

1996–97
Chicago Bulls
6999841000000000000♠ 69–13 (.841)
1997
Chicago Bulls
Utah Jazz
1997
Chicago Bulls
29
82

[58]

1997–98
Utah Jazz[n]
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
1998
Chicago Bulls
Utah Jazz
1998
Chicago Bulls
29
82

align=center| [59]

1997–98
Chicago Bulls[n]
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
1998
Chicago Bulls
Utah Jazz
1998
Chicago Bulls
29
82

[60]

1998–99
San Antonio Spurs[o]
6999740000000000000♠ 37–13 (.740)
1999
New York Knicks
San Antonio Spurs
1999
San Antonio Spurs
29
50
Season delayed and shortened due to a lockout[61]
[62]

1999–00
Los Angeles Lakers
6999817009999900000♠ 67–15 (.817)
2000
Indiana Pacers
Los Angeles Lakers
2000
Los Angeles Lakers
29
82

[63]

2000–01
San Antonio Spurs
6999707000000000000♠ 58–24 (.707)
2001
Philadelphia 76ers
Los Angeles Lakers
2001
Los Angeles Lakers
29
82

[64]

2001–02
Sacramento Kings
6999744000000000000♠ 61–21 (.744)
2002
New Jersey Nets
Los Angeles Lakers
2002
Los Angeles Lakers
29
82

[65]

2002–03
San Antonio Spurs[p]
6999732000000000000♠ 60–22 (.732)
2003
New Jersey Nets
San Antonio Spurs
2003
San Antonio Spurs
29
82

[66]

2003–04
Indiana Pacers
6999744000000000000♠ 61–21 (.744)
2004
Detroit Pistons
Los Angeles Lakers
2004
Detroit Pistons
29
82

[67]

2004–05
Phoenix Suns
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
2005
Detroit Pistons
San Antonio Spurs
2005
San Antonio Spurs
30
82
1 expansion team joined
[68]

2005–06
Detroit Pistons
6999780000000000000♠ 64–18 (.780)
2006
Miami Heat
Dallas Mavericks
2006
Miami Heat
30
82

[69]

2006–07
Dallas Mavericks
6999817009999900000♠ 67–15 (.817)
2007
Cleveland Cavaliers
San Antonio Spurs
2007
San Antonio Spurs
30
82

[70]

2007–08
Boston Celtics
6999805000000000000♠ 66–16 (.805)
2008
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
2008
Boston Celtics
30
82

[71]

2008–09
Cleveland Cavaliers
6999805000000000000♠ 66–16 (.805)
2009
Orlando Magic
Los Angeles Lakers
2009
Los Angeles Lakers
30
82

[72]

2009–10
Cleveland Cavaliers
6999744000000000000♠ 61–21 (.744)
2010
Boston Celtics
Los Angeles Lakers
2010
Los Angeles Lakers
30
82

[73]

2010–11
Chicago Bulls
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
2011
Miami Heat
Dallas Mavericks
2011
Dallas Mavericks
30
82

[74]

2011–12
Chicago Bulls[q]
6999758000000000000♠ 50–16 (.758)
2012
Miami Heat
Oklahoma City Thunder
2012
Miami Heat
30
66
Season delayed and shortened due to a lockout[75]
[76]

2012–13
Miami Heat
6999805000000000000♠ 66–16 (.805)
2013
Miami Heat
San Antonio Spurs
2013
Miami Heat
30
82

[77]

2013–14
San Antonio Spurs
6999756000000000000♠ 62–20 (.756)
2014
Miami Heat
San Antonio Spurs
2014
San Antonio Spurs
30
82

[78]

2014–15
Golden State Warriors
6999817009999900000♠ 67–15 (.817)
2015
Cleveland Cavaliers
Golden State Warriors
2015
Golden State Warriors
30
82

[79]

2015–16
Golden State Warriors
6999890000000000000♠ 73–9 (.890)
2016
Cleveland Cavaliers
Golden State Warriors
2016
Cleveland Cavaliers
30
82

[80]

2016–17
Golden State Warriors
6999817009999900000♠ 67–15 (.817)
2017
Cleveland Cavaliers
Golden State Warriors
2017
Golden State Warriors
30
82

[81]

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a Each year is linked to an article about that particular BAA/NBA season.
b Each year is linked to an article about the BAA/NBA Playoffs in that year.
c Each year is linked to an article about the BAA/NBA Finals in that year.
d Number of teams participated in that particular season, including any teams that folded during the season.
e Number of regular season games played by each team.
f All team additions and subtractions occurred before the start of the season unless stated otherwise.
g Prior to 1949, there were no Eastern and Western Division champions, because the playoffs were instituted with a three-stage tournament where the Eastern and Western Division teams had played each other before the finals.
h The original Baltimore Bullets, who folded in 1954,[82] are not affiliated with the present-day Washington Wizards, who were known as the Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets from 1963 to 1997.[83]
i The Anderson Packers, who folded in 1950,[84] are not affiliated with the present-day Washington Wizards, who were known as the Chicago Packers from 1961 to 1962.[83]
j Due to the NBA's realignment into three divisions, the division champion with the best regular season record qualified automatically for the NBA Finals while the other two division champions faced off in the NBA semifinals to determine the other finalist. Eastern Division champion Syracuse had the best regular season record among the division champions, causing Central Division (no relation to the current Central Division) champion Minneapolis Lakers to face Western Division champion Anderson Packers in the NBA semifinals. The Lakers defeated the Packers to go to the Finals.
k There was no tiebreaker. Two teams with the best record received a first-round bye in the playoffs.[85][86]
l Despite having the same record as the Washington Bullets, the Boston Celtics clinched top seed by winning the tiebreaker.[87]
m Despite having the same record as the Philadelphia 76ers, the Boston Celtics clinched top seed by winning the tiebreaker.[88]
n Despite having the same record as the Chicago Bulls, the Utah Jazz clinched top seed by virtue of winning their regular season series 2–0.[89]
o Despite having the same record as the Utah Jazz, the San Antonio Spurs clinched top seed by virtue of winning their regular season series 2–1.[90]
p Despite having the same record as the Dallas Mavericks, the San Antonio Spurs clinched top seed by virtue of having a better conference record (36–16[91] vs. Dallas's 34–18[92]). The teams split their regular season series 2–2.[91]
q Despite having the same record as the San Antonio Spurs, the Chicago Bulls clinched top seed by virtue of their only regular season meeting between them, a 96–89 victory by the Bulls on February 29, 2012.[93]

tag: ul


document_title: Lorelai Gilmore

question_text: where did lorelai gilmore go to high school

text: Lorelai Gilmore

text: Arc[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: Lorelai Victoria Gilmore was born to Richard and Emily Gilmore on April 25, 1968. Lorelai was raised in Hartford, Connecticut by wealthy parents who attempted to bring her up to be a proper young lady of society, go to an Ivy league college, marry a man with wealth and good-breeding, and even arranged for her to be presented to society. However, Lorelai knew that wasn't the life she wanted. As a teenager (portrayed in flashbacks by Chelsea Brummet), Lorelai dated Christopher Hayden, the son of Straub and Francine. She discovered she was pregnant at the age of 16, before finishing high school. This greatly embarrassed and disappointed her parents as well as the parents of Christopher, the baby's father. Straub Hayden initially suggested Lorelai have an abortion, however Emily flat out refused, and Richard suggested that Lorelai and Christopher should marry instead. Christopher agreed, but Lorelai refused, convinced that marrying so young simply wouldn't work out. When Lorelai realized she was in labor, she left a note for her parents and drove alone to the hospital.[1] After her daughter, Rory, was born on October 8, 1984, Lorelai briefly lived with her parents then ran away to Stars Hollow, a small town in rural Connecticut, to find her own life. The owner of the Independence Inn, Mia, took her in, gave her a job as a maid, and let her and Rory live in the back in a renovated potting shed. The Independence Inn is where she met her best friend, Sookie St. James (Melissa McCarthy), who is executive chef at the Independence Inn. Lorelai worked her way up over the years, and was eventually promoted to executive manager, which is her job as the show opens. For many years after running away from home, Lorelai had almost no contact with her parents, except for visits during major holidays.

tag: p

text: Storylines[edit]

text: When the series starts, Rory gets accepted into Chilton Preparatory School, a private and expensive high school. In order to pay the attendance fees, Lorelai goes as a last choice to Emily and Richard who agree to loan the money. In exchange for paying for Rory's tutition at Chilton, Emily and Richard instate mandatory "Friday night dinners" to which Lorelai reluctantly agreed, which allowed them to get to know their granddaughter.[2] Lorelai meets Rory's teacher Max Medina (Scott Cohen) at Rory's first parent-teacher meeting in Chilton. They both become interested in one another and soon start seeing each other. When Lorelai wants to split as it becomes too serious, she kisses Max in Chilton, which provokes a scandal in the school and puts an end to their relationship. While they are separate, Lorelai has a one-night stand with Christopher (David Sutcliffe) after a heated argument with her parents. Christopher proposes to her, but she rejects him telling him he is not ready to take care of Rory and her. Lorelai later rekindles her relationship with Max and they become engaged. As their wedding is approaching, Lorelai has second thoughts and calls Christopher during her bachelorette party. Suddenly, Lorelai decides to go on a road-trip with Rory during which they will visit Harvard University and calls off the wedding.

text: Christopher comes back to town for Rory's debutante ball. During the evening, Lorelai and Christopher share a kiss as she finds him changed, but he tells her he is now in a serious relationship with a woman named Sherrie. Afterward, Lorelai and Sookie make plans about opening their Inn, but the building they want, Fran Weston's inn 'the Dragonfly', is not for sale. When Luke Danes (Scott Patterson)'s nephew Jess Mariano (Milo Ventimiglia) and Rory get into a car accident, Lorelai blames Jess which leads to a serious argument between Luke and Lorelai. They reconcile only months later. Christopher returns to Stars Hollow and after he tells Lorelai he has problems in his relationship with Sherrie, they spend the night together before Sookie's wedding. They are both now ready to commit, but when Christopher learns Sherrie is pregnant, he leaves Lorelai and returns to Sherrie. In the third season, Lorelai then meets Alex Lesman (Billy Burke) at a lecture about inns and they begin dating. While she is on her way to the Friday night dinner, Lorelai comes across Max and they catch up. They again run into each other at Chilton's bicentennial and share a kiss. After several days, the two meet at a Chilton's parent committee evening and Max makes it clear he does not want them to reunite. On Lorelai's birthday, Richard gives her payout from an investment he had made at her birth, however she decides to repay her parents for the loan, which shocks Emily. Fran dies which gives the possibility to Lorelai and Sookie to buy the Dragonfly. The Independence Inn closes and Lorelai plans on using the money aimed for the Dragonfly to pay for Yale University's fees. However, Rory asks her grandparents for their financial help, reinstating in return the Friday night dinners. Lorelai and Sookie decide to buy the Dragonfly on Rory's graduation day.

text: In the fourth season, Luke gets married to lawyer Nicole on a cruise but they soon divorce and Lorelai and Sookie begin the renovations of the inn. Richard forms a new partnership with his former associate's son, Jason Stiles (Chris Eigeman) who happens to be an old camp friend of Lorelai. After he has a disagreement with Emily about Richard's new business launch party, Lorelai furious goes to talk to him and at the end of their discussion he invites her to dinner but she refuses. Later on, Jason succeeds into getting invited by Emily to a Friday night dinner and he and Lorelai get closer. She eventually accepts his invitation to dinner and start seeing each other without telling her parents. As she is running out of money to renovate the inn, Lorelai asks Luke's help who offers her a loan. When Emily organizes a dinner with Jason's parents, Jason's father Floyd announces he is going to sue his son and Richard because they have taken his clients. Floyd also tells Lorelai's parents about her relationship with his son, which shocks Emily. In the fallout of Floyd's announcement, Richard decides to associate with Floyd jeopardizing Jason's career. When the former tells her he will sue her father, Lorelai breaks up with him. Luke whose marriage to lawyer Nicole failed, finally realizes the woman he truly loves is Lorelai. She serves as a date for his sister's wedding and sees him under a new light. At the end of the evening he tells her they should spend more time together. Lorelai and Sookie open their inn and after a misunderstanding about Jason, Luke and Lorelai finally kiss for the first time.

text: In the fifth season, Lorelai embarks on a relationship with Luke and after she discovers Rory has lost her virginity to married Dean, who was her first love and former boyfriend. Dean had married another girl, after breaking up with Rory. This entanglement with a married man strains Rory and Lorelai's mother-daughter relationship. Eventually Rory apologizes. Christopher panicking over Sherrie's departure to Paris, leaving him alone with their baby, calls Lorelai for help. Rory later tells Christopher to leave her mother alone. After no news following her visit to his house, she invites Christopher to the inn with Rory and notices the tension between them. Luke also worries when he learns about the dinner. When Christopher's father dies, Lorelai and Rory go at his house to support him. However, Lorelai does not mention her visit to Luke. Emily tells Christopher that the relationship between Lorelai and Luke is getting serious and that he should do something if he wants to end up with Lorelai. At Richard and Emily's wedding renewal ceremony, Lorelai finally admits to Luke her visit to Christopher when she notices his presence. Christopher tells Luke that his relationship with Lorelai won't last because he is destined to be with Lorelai. This leads to Luke breaking up with Lorelai but they later reunite. Lorelai, however, remains furious at Emily for some time and eventually forgives her. Lorelai is worried about Rory's relationship with Logan Huntzberger (Matt Czuchry) and his family's influence on her. At the conclusion of the season, they steal a yacht and end up at the police station. Rory decides to take a year off from Yale which upsets Lorelai and when her parents, who initially agreed to help, change their mind and permit Rory to move in with them, prompts Lorelai to propose to Luke.

text: In the sixth season, Lorelai and Rory do not talk for months while Luke agrees to marry Lorelai and they renovate her house. When Luke reveals he cannot trust Lorelai after she has received a message from Christopher, the two fight. Lorelai and Rory finally reconcile and she decides to return to Yale. Luke learns he has a daughter but does not tell Lorelai. Lorelai later finds out about Luke's daughter and they decide to postpone the wedding. When Christopher receives an inheritance, he starts to pay for Yale and the Friday night dinners aren't so mandatory anymore. After posing an ultimatum to Luke which leads to their break-up, Lorelai finds comfort in Christopher and they start dating again.

text: In the final season of the original series, Lorelai and Christopher jet off to Paris, where they impulsively get married. When Lorelai returns home and informs Rory and the rest of Stars Hollow, including Luke that she and Christopher are married she gets mixed reactions. Rory is upset at first, but comes around since she all she really wants is her mom (and for that matter her dad) to be happy. Throughout the season, Christopher and Lorelai face some significant issues, the biggest one is when Lorelai needs to write a character reference for Luke so he can partial custody of his daughter, April. Christopher finds a draft of the letter and when reading it, he realizes that Lorelai still loves Luke. Lorelai tries to deny it, but the both soon realize that they're better off as friends. In the end, Lorelai reunites with Luke. She realizes how much she loves Luke when she finds out that he was the one who planned Rory, her daughter's goodbye party for the entire town. Lorelai realizes that Luke has been there for her from the beginning and loves her and her daughter. In one of the final scenes of the show, Lorelai and Luke share a passionate kiss.

text: In 2016 Netflix revival of the show, Lorelai is still with Luke. They are living together in her home, he still runs the diner and she still owns her inn, but they have not married (at this point). Through out the four episodes, Lorelai goes through a lot, especially with her relationship with her mother. Loelai and Emily always had a strained relationship yet over the years it had gotten better. In the revival, the two go to family therapy. Lorelai also goes on her own version of "Wild" where she tries to find herself. When she returns, she realizes her life is with Luke in Stars Hollow and she's happy. The show ends with Lorelai and Luke's wedding in the center of Stars Hollow at dawn with some of her closest friends, Michel, Lane, Kirk and Rory (her daughter).

text: In the very last scene of the show, Lorelai is sitting with Rory and they're reflecting on 'it all'. Rory then turns to her mother and tells her she's pregnant. The show ends never revealing who the father is.

text: Character development[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text:
"She had to have everything. The role required someone who could act, who could make you cry, who could break your heart, who was funny and gorgeous and tough and sexy and vulnerable. We looked and looked and couldn't find that actress. Just about the time I was saying, 'Let's just find somebody who's pretty and put her in the corner,' in walks Lauren. She gave us everything we wanted - a lovely little gift combo."
Sherman-Palladino on Graham's casting[3]

tag: div

text: Three other actresses, including Nina Garbiras, were initially considered to play Lorelai, but the network rejected them and instead mentioned the name of Lauren Graham.[4] Before landing the role of Lorelai in Gilmore Girls, Graham starred in many short-lived TV shows, guest appeared in a number of top 10 prime-time comedies and did commercial work.[5]

text: She obtained the role in Gilmore Girls because she had all the characteristics producer Amy Sherman-Palladino was looking for. "The fact that you had someone that talented running around Hollywood, not found yet, was the biggest coup in the world", she said "Because Lorelai's a hard part. You've got to be funny, you've got to talk really fast, you've got to be able to act, you've got to be sexy, but not scary sexy. You've got to be strong, but not like 'I hate men.' It's a lot that goes into this character, and it was really a tough find. And to find it and be able to feel like you broke somebody fresh, even though everybody in town knew Lauren, like everybody here was like, 'When is Lauren going to get something great.' But America didn't know Lauren, and that was a real coup for us."[6]

text: Characterization[edit]

text: Virginia Heffernan of The New York Times described Lorelai and Rory as "unsentimental brainiacs" who, if they could see Gilmore Girls, would hate its sentimentality of the last and final season. Also, the character talks fast and uses words to keep her "loneliness at bay" which, while opinion, seems to be a relatively insightful view of her. Lorelai feels that to "swoon, even once," would make her lose her verbal power and her "reason for being."[7] On the characteristic of talking fast, Sherman-Palladino noted: "Just by listening to Lorelai's vocal patterns, it says volumes about this woman: First of all, that she's bright enough to put that many words together that quickly... and it says a lot about her emotionally, that she's got a deflection shield that's sort of the way she gets through the world, which says survivor."[8] She also said of the character: "Lorelai's humor was her guard and her deflection and what kept her strong. It was her Wonder Woman cuffs."[9]

text: Margaret Lyons of Vulture.com wrote an analysis on Lorelai pointing out her flaws: "Both Gilmores have an exaggerated sense of their own wonderfulness, though I suppose, in their defense, those around them seem to play along. [...] Lorelai's downfall is her intense, overwhelming self-absorption. She's chronically rude to people in the service industry, and she is always in the market for special treatment. She is not a good friend to Sookie, even though she thinks she is; she kinda, sorta takes advantage of Sookie's pleaser tendencies and frequently ignores, minimizes, or dismisses Sookie's ideas and problems. Her self-absorption erodes any opportunity for self-awareness. She likes to refer to her "emotional baggage," but she assiduously avoids doing anything about it. Lorelai knows how to push Emily and Richard's buttons, and she never hesitates to do so."[10]

text: In the fifth season, Lorelai started a relationship with Luke Danes; Sherman-Palladino commented: "I thought we had enough time invested in the relationship that people would care. We had a good four years, and in those four years, we saw Luke go through relationships, and we saw Lorelai go through three relationships. I felt like it was time."[11]

text: Lorelai is witty and quirky. A coffee addict, she spends a lot of time in Luke's diner  and chatting with the locals of Stars Hollow. She makes many pop culture references, many from the 80s. Lorelai speaks very fast, especially when upset. A smart businesswoman, she forms strong relationships with her employees making her business run smoothly. Her best friend is Sookie St. James. Much to her parents horror, she is a Democrat. She drives a Jeep Wrangler. Her favorite band is The Bangles.

text: Reception[edit]

text:
E! Online's Lia Harberman summarized Lorelai as "a woman we’re dying to call Mom. [...] Finally, the ultratalented actress gets a chance to shine in a show that looks like it just might stick around."[12]
Willa Paskin of PopMatters wrote Lorelai is "perhaps the most fully developed female character on television."[13] The New York Times TV columnist Virginia Heffernan said the character was "painful and surprising and exciting to watch — a marvelous high-wire act."[7] According to Michael Ausiello, fans were reluctant to let Luke and Lorelai go.[14]

text: In 2005, in honor of Mother's Day, Inside TV, a newly published weekly magazine for television fans, chose its picks for Top 10 All-Time Greatest TV Moms. Gilmore Girls Lorelai Gilmore ranked 5th ahead of classic television mothers Marion Cunningham of Happy Days, Caroline Ingalls from Little House on the Prairie and Carol Brady.[15] of The Brady Bunch. On May 11, 2008, TiVo released the results of a survey conducted by eRewards Market Research on Television's Top Moms. Lorelai ranked 14th, with 20 percent of respondents selecting her among their top 20 TV moms.[16] In the 1000th issue of Entertainment Weekly, Lorelai Gilmore was selected as the Mom for The Perfect TV Family.[17] In 2009, she was voted the "Best Mom" in Zap2it's first poll of the best television characters in the 2000s.[18] She was listed in the Top 5 Modern TV Moms by Film.com.[19] In February 2012, Zap2it held a poll to determine TV's Most Crushworthy. Lorelai was elected TV's Most Crushworthy Mom over Gloria Delgado-Pritchett of Modern Family.[20] In May 2012, Lorelai was one of the 13 moms chosen by users of iVillage on their list of "Mommy Dearest: The TV Moms You Love".[21] Lauren Graham was selected twice for her portrayal of Lorelai by the Teen Choice Awards,[22] winning "Choice TV Parental Unit" in 2005 and 2006.[23]

text: In June 2010, Lorelai was named one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years along with her daughter Rory by Entertainment Weekly.[24] She was also listed in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters.[25] AOL TV ranked her the 57th Most Memorable Female TV Character.[26] Lorelai and Rory were listed in Paste's 35 Greatest TV Duos of All Time.[27] Her relationship with Luke was included in TV Guide's list of the best TV couples of all time.[28] They were also part of Entertainment Weekly's "30 Best 'Will They/Won't They?' TV Couples".[29] AOL TV placed their kisses among the "10 Best Smooches in Television".[30] For her portrayal of Lorelai, Graham received a nomination for the award of Best Actress in a Drama Series at the 2002 Golden Globe Awards, but lost to Jennifer Garner from Alias.[31][32] She was also nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series in 2000 and in 2001.[33][34] Several critics felt Graham's performance deserved an Emmy Award nomination;[35][36][37] however she never received any, leading Megan Friedman of Time magazine to list her in her "Top 10 Emmy Snubs".[38]


document_title: Finding Dory

question_text: who plays the voice of dory in finding dory

text: Finding Dory

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dory, a regal blue tang, gets separated from her parents as a child. As she grows up, Dory attempts to search for them, but gradually forgets them due to her short-term memory loss. In the flashback of the previous film, Finding Nemo, she joins Marlin – a clownfish looking for his missing son Nemo – after accidentally swimming into him.

text: One year later, Dory is living with Marlin and Nemo on their reef. One day, Dory has a flashback and remembers that she has parents. She decides to look for them, but her memory problem is an obstacle. She eventually remembers that they lived at the Jewel of Morro Bay across the ocean in California, thanks to Nemo mentioning its name.

text: Marlin and Nemo accompany Dory. With the help of Crush, their sea turtle friend, they ride a water current to California. Upon arrival, they explore a shipwreck full of destroyed cargo, where Dory accidentally awakens a giant squid, who immediately pursues them and almost devours Nemo. Marlin berates Dory for endangering them. Her feelings hurt, Dory travels to the surface to seek help and is captured by staff members from the nearby Marine Life Institute after getting entangled in six pack rings.

text: Dory is placed in the quarantine section and tagged. There she meets a grouchy but well-meaning octopus named Hank. Dory's tag shows that she will be sent to an aquarium in Cleveland. Due to a traumatic ocean life, Hank wants to live in the aquarium instead of being released back into the ocean, so he agrees to help Dory find her parents in exchange for her tag. In one exhibit, Dory encounters her childhood friend Destiny, a nearsighted whale shark who used to communicate with Dory through pipes, and Bailey, a beluga whale who mistakenly believes he has lost his ability to echolocate. Dory subsequently has flashbacks of life with her parents and struggles to recall details. She finally remembers how she was separated from her parents: she overheard her mother crying one night, left to retrieve a shell to cheer her up, and was pulled away by an undertow current.

text: Marlin and Nemo attempt to rescue Dory. With the help of two sea lions named Fluke and Rudder and a disfigured common loon named Becky, they manage to get into the institute and find her in the pipe system. Other blue tangs tell them that Dory's parents escaped from the institute a long time ago to search for her and never came back, leaving Dory believing that they have died. Hank retrieves Dory from the tank, accidentally leaving Marlin and Nemo behind. He is then apprehended by one of the employees and unintentionally drops Dory into the drain, flushing her out to the ocean. While wandering aimlessly, she comes across a trail of shells; remembering that when she was young, her parents had set out a similar trail to help her find her way back home, she follows it. At the end of the trail, Dory finds an empty brain coral with multiple shell trails leading to it. As she turns to leave, she sees her parents Jenny and Charlie in the distance. They tell her they spent years laying down the trails for her to follow in the hopes that she would eventually find them.

text: Marlin, Nemo, and Hank end up in the truck taking various aquatic creatures to Cleveland. Destiny and Bailey escape from their exhibit to help Dory rescue them. Once on board the truck, Dory persuades Hank to return to the sea with her, and together, they hijack the truck and drive it over busy highways, creating havoc, before crashing it into the sea, freeing all the fish. Dory, along with her parents and new friends, return to the reef with Marlin and Nemo.

text: In a post-credits scene, the Tank Gang from Finding Nemo, still trapped inside their (now algae-covered) plastic bags, reach California one year after floating across the Pacific Ocean. They are eventually picked up by staff members from the Marine Life Institute.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Ellen DeGeneres as Dory, a regal blue tang who suffers from short-term memory loss.

Sloane Murray as Young Dory. Murray is the seven-year-old daughter of producer Lindsey Collins.[12]
Lucia Geddes as Teen Dory.

Albert Brooks as Marlin, an overprotective ocellaris clownfish, Nemo's father and Dory's friend.
Hayden Rolence as Nemo, a young optimistic clownfish and Marlin's son. He was previously voiced by Alexander Gould in the first film.
Ed O'Neill as Hank, a cranky East Pacific red octopus who previously lost a tentacle.
Kaitlin Olson as Destiny, a near-sighted whale shark and Dory's childhood friend.
Ty Burrell as Bailey, a beluga whale who temporarily lost echolocation due to a concussion.
Diane Keaton as Jenny, Dory's mother.
Eugene Levy as Charlie, Dory's father.
Idris Elba as Fluke, a California sea lion.
Dominic West as Rudder, a California sea lion and Fluke's friend.
Bob Peterson as Mr. Ray, a spotted eagle ray and Nemo's schoolteacher.
Andrew Stanton as Crush, a green sea turtle.
Sigourney Weaver as herself, the announcer for the recorded messages broadcast over the institute's public address system.
Bill Hader as Stan, a kelp bass and husband fish.
Kate McKinnon as Stan's wife fish.
Alexander Gould as Passenger Carl, a delivery truck driver who works for the institute.
Torbin Xan Bullock as Gerald, a California sea lion who wishes to lie on the rock occupied by Fluke and Rudder only to be constantly repelled by them, and Becky, a loon who helps Marlin and Nemo.
Katherine Ringgold as Chickenfish, named Kathy.
Bennett Dammann as Squirt, Crush's son.
John Ratzenberger as Husband Crab (Bill).
Angus MacLane as Sunfish "Charlie Back-and-Forth".
Willem Dafoe as Gill, a Moorish idol, the leader of the "Tank Gang."
Brad Garrett as Bloat, a pufferfish.
Allison Janney as Peach, a pink starfish.
Austin Pendleton as Gurgle, a royal gramma.
Stephen Root as Bubbles, a yellow tang.
Vicki Lewis as Deb (& Flo), a four-striped damselfish.
Jerome Ranft as Jacques, a cleaner shrimp.

text: Production[edit]

text: Prior to work on Finding Dory, Disney had planned to make a Finding Nemo sequel without Pixar's involvement, through Circle 7 Animation, a studio Disney announced in 2005 with the intention to make sequels to Pixar properties.[13][14] However, due to the 2006 acquisition of Pixar by Disney, Circle 7 was shut down by Disney without ever having produced a film.[15]

text: In July 2012, it was reported that Andrew Stanton was developing a sequel to Finding Nemo,[16] with Victoria Strouse writing the script and a release date scheduled for 2016.[17] However, the same day the news of a potential sequel broke, Stanton posted a message on his personal Twitter calling into question the accuracy of these reports. The message said, "Didn't you all learn from Chicken Little? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling."[18] According to a report by The Hollywood Reporter published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory.[19] In September 2012, it was confirmed by Stanton, saying: "What was immediately on the list was writing a second Carter movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I know I'll be accused by more sarcastic people that it's a reaction to Carter not doing well, but only in its timing, but not in its conceit."[20] In February 2013, it was confirmed by the press that Albert Brooks would reprise the role of Marlin in the sequel.[21]

text: In April 2013, Disney announced the sequel, Finding Dory, for November 25, 2015, confirming that DeGeneres and Brooks would be reprising their roles as Dory and Marlin, respectively.[22] Following a long campaign for a sequel on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, DeGeneres stated:

text: I have waited for this day for a long, long, long, long, long, long time. I'm not mad it took this long. I know the people at Pixar were busy creating Toy Story 16. But the time they took was worth it. The script is fantastic. And it has everything I loved about the first one: It's got a lot of heart, it's really funny, and the best part is—it's got a lot more Dory.[22]

text: In a July 2013 interview with Los Angeles Times, Stanton spoke of the sequel's origin: "There was polite inquiry from Disney [about a Finding Nemo sequel]. I was always 'No sequels, no sequels.' But I had to get on board from a VP standpoint. [Sequels] are part of the necessity of our staying afloat, but we don't want to have to go there for those reasons. We want to go there creatively, so we said [to Disney], 'Can you give us the timeline about when we release them? Because we'd like to release something we actually want to make, and we might not come up with it the year you want it.'"[23]

text: In a 2016 interview Stanton stated how the film's story came to be; "I don't watch my films that often after they're done because I have to watch them so many times before they come out. So about 2010 when we were getting Finding Nemo ready for the 10-year re-release in 3D, it was interesting to watch again after all that time. Something kind of got lodged in the back of my brain and started to sort of stew. I started to think about how easily Dory could get lost and not find Marlin and Nemo again. She basically was in the same state that she was when Marlin found her. I didn't know where she was from. I knew that she had spent most of her youth wandering the ocean alone, and I wanted to know that she could find her new family, if she ever got lost again. It's almost like the parental side of me was worried." Stanton additionally stated: "I knew if I ever said Finding Dory or mentioned a sequel to Finding Nemo out loud, I'd be done, [T]here would be no way I'd be able to put that horse back in the barn. So I kept it very quiet until I knew I had a story that I thought would hold, and that was in early 2012. So I pitched it to John Lasseter and he was all into it. Then I got a writer, and once we had a treatment that we kind of liked, I felt comfortable calling Ellen."[24]

text: Stanton selected Victoria Strouse to write the screenplay. She later said, "It was always collaborative with Andrew, but really the screenwriting was me. Of course, Andrew would do passes, and he and I would brainstorm a lot together and then we would bring it to the group of story artists. People would weigh in and share ideas."[25] She pointed to Dory's forgetfulness as a challenge when writing the script, adding, "You don't realize until you sit down to write a character who can't remember things how integral memory is to absolutely everything we do, and that's what creates a narrative that people can follow. When a main character can't self-reflect and can't tell a story, that character is very difficult to design because she can't really lead. To get her to be able to lead and to get an audience to be able to trust her was the hardest thing to do."[25]

text: The fictional Marine Life Institute depicted extensively in the film is based on the production team's research trips to the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the Marine Mammal Center and the Vancouver Aquarium.[26]

text: The film's ending was revised after Pixar executives viewed Blackfish, a 2013 documentary film which focuses on the dangers of keeping orca whales in captivity. Initially, some of the characters were to end up in a SeaWorld-like marine park, but the revision gave them an option to leave.[27][28] On September 18, 2013, it was announced that the film would be pushed back to a June 17, 2016, release. Pixar's The Good Dinosaur was moved to the November 25, 2015, release window to allow more time for production of the film.[29]

text: Angus MacLane was one of the first people to whom Stanton revealed his idea for the sequel. Together, with Bob Peterson, they discussed about different ideas for places Dory would visit during her journey — one of those ideas was the touch pool sequence. Later, during the Brave (2012) wrap party, Stanton invited Angus to join him in his first co-directing duty. Stanton described Angus' role as a "jack of all trades", particularly utilizing his experience in animation and story, as well as in production, having created a few short films himself.[30]

text: In August 2015, at Disney's D23 Expo, it was announced that Hayden Rolence would voice Nemo, replacing Alexander Gould from the first film, whose voice has deepened since reaching adulthood (Gould voiced a minor character in the sequel instead).[31][32] At the D23 expo they also announced that Ed O'Neill would be the voice of Hank.[31]

text: To make the light more realistic, RenderMan was completely re-engineered, its biggest change in 25 years.[33]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Finding Dory

Soundtrack album by Thomas Newman

Released
June 14, 2016

Recorded
2015–16

Studio
DeepSleep Studios
Newman Scoring Stage
Sony Pictures Studios
The Village

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
68:20

Label
Walt Disney

Producer

Thomas Newman
Bill Bernstein

Thomas Newman chronology

Spectre
(2015)Spectre2015
Finding Dory
(2016)
Passengers
(2016)Passengers2016

Pixar film soundtrack chronology

The Good Dinosaur
(2015) The Good Dinosaur2015
Finding Dory
(2016) Finding Dory2016
Cars 3
(2017) Cars 32017

Singles from Finding Dory

"Unforgettable"
Released: May 27, 2016

text: The film's soundtrack entitled Finding Dory was composed by Thomas Newman and released on June 17, 2016.[34][35] Louis Armstrong's version of "What a Wonderful World" is played during the scene in which fish are released into the ocean as the truck Dory and Hank are driving crashes into the water.[36] On May 20, 2016, Sia performed a cover of Nat King Cole's "Unforgettable" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show following an announcement that it would be featured in the film.[36]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Performer
Length

1.
"Kelpcake"

0:46

2.
"Finding Dory (Main Title)"

0:55

3.
"Lost at Sea"

1:36

4.
"One Year Later"

2:24

5.
"Migration Song"

0:35

6.
""O, We're Going Home""

1:38

7.
"Jewel of Morro Bay"

2:00

8.
"Gnarly Chop"

1:39

9.
"Squid Chase"

1:28

10.
"Sigourney Weaver"

1:21

11.
"Hank"

3:19

12.
"Nobody's Fine"

3:29

13.
"Rebecca Darling"

1:54

14.
"Meet Destiny"

1:07

15.
"Joker at Work"

1:16

16.
"Becky Flies"

3:53

17.
"Hands!"

2:24

18.
"Almost Home"

2:01

19.
"Open Ocean"

3:18

20.
"Two Lefts and a Right"

3:57

21.
"Everything About You"

1:41

22.
"Quarantine"

2:41

23.
"Warp"

1:03

24.
"All Alone"

0:53

25.
"...Shells"

4:47

26.
"No Walls"

2:25

27.
"Okay with Crazy"

1:50

28.
"Hide and Seek"

1:51

29.
"Quite a View"

1:25

30.
"Unforgettable (End Title)"
Sia
3:17

31.
"Three Hearts (End Title)"

3:29

32.
"Loon Tune"

1:20

33.
"Fish Who Wander"

1:18

34.
"Release"

1:13

text: Release[edit]

text: Finding Dory premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on June 8, 2016, and was theatrically released in the United States on June 17, 2016, in 2D, Disney Digital 3-D and RealD 3D.[5][6] It was also released to select IMAX 3D theaters.[37] In April 2016, it was announced that a new Pixar short, Piper, directed by Alan Barillaro and with music by Adrian Belew, would be shown in front of the film.[38] It had its UK premiere at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on June 18, 2016.[39][40]

text: The film was re-released for Labor Day weekend in 2016.[41]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Finding Dory was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD in the United States on November 15, 2016, with a digital release on October 25. In addition to Piper, the bonus features also included a short film, titled Marine Life Interviews, featuring interviews with the inhabitants of the Marine Life Institute about their encounters with Dory.[42]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Finding Dory grossed $486.3 million in the U.S. and Canada and $542.3 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.029 billion, against a budget of $200 million.[4] It had a worldwide opening of $185.7 million, which is the second-biggest of all time for an animated film behind Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs ($218.4 million), and an IMAX global opening of $6.4 million.[43][44][45] On August 16, it became the fourth film of 2016 to earn $900 million in ticket sales,[46] and on October 9—its seventeenth weekend—it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the third film of 2016 after Captain America: Civil War and Zootopia to reach that mark, the second Pixar film (after Toy Story 3), the fifth animated film (after Toy Story 3, Frozen, Minions, and Zootopia), the twelfth Disney film (fourth Disney animated film), and the twenty-seventh film overall in cinematic history.[47][48]

text: Worldwide, it is the third-highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Civil War and Rogue One),[49] the highest-grossing animated film of 2016,[49] the second-highest-grossing Pixar film ever (behind Toy Story 3),[50] the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, and the 28th-highest-grossing film of all time. Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $296.6 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the fourth-most profitable release of 2016.[51]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, Finding Dory opened on June 17, 2016, alongside Central Intelligence, with projections having the film grossing $110–120 million[52][53][54][55] in its opening weekend, with some estimates going as high as $130 million.[56][57] It received the widest release for a Pixar film (4,305 theaters, breaking Brave's record), of which 3,200 venues were in 3D, along with 425 premium large format locales, approximately 100 IMAX theaters and a handful of Dolby Cinema sites.[54] It was Fandango's top pre-selling animated film of all time, outselling the previous record-holder, Minions.[58] The film grossed $9.2 million from Thursday night previews, a record for both Pixar and any animated film,[59][60] and $54.7 million on its opening day, marking both the biggest opening day and single-day for an animated film. This also marks the first time that an animated film has grossed over $50 million in a single day.[61][62] It went on to gross $135.1 million in its opening weekend, finishing first at the box office and setting the record for the highest opening weekend for both Pixar (breaking Toy Story 3's record) and any animated film (breaking Shrek the Third's record), and became the third-biggest adjusted for inflation.[63] It is also the third-highest opening (excluding Marvel and Star Wars films) for Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures behind Beauty and the Beast ($174.8 million) and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest ($135.6 million), and is the studio's ninth-biggest debut overall.[43][64][65] It also became the fifth animated film and the fifth film of 2016 to open above $100 million.[66] Moreover, its opening also marked the second-biggest for the month of June, behind only Jurassic World.[67] Its opening was 93.8% above Finding Nemo's $70.3 million debut.[68] It further broke the record for the biggest PLF and Cinemark XD opening for an animated film with $10.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively. In IMAX, it made $5 million from 211 theaters,[45] the third-best animated IMAX opening behind Zootopia ($5.2 million) and Toy Story 3 ($8.4 million).[69]

text: Following its record-breaking openings, it scored the biggest Monday for Pixar by grossing $19.6 million (breaking Toy Story 3's $15.6 million) and the best Monday in June for an animated film. However, among all animated films, it is ranked second—behind 2004's Shrek 2, which made $23.4 million on its first Monday,[70][71] and it is also the biggest Tuesday for an animated film with $23.2 million, besting Minions' $16.8 million.[72] It jumped 18.5% over its Monday gross, a rare achievement for a film.[73] It crossed the $200 million mark in its first seven days, becoming the first (and fastest) animated film to pass the said milestone in just a week.[74] It fell only 46% in its second weekend earning $73 million to record the biggest second weekend for an animated film (breaking Shrek 2's $72.2 million previous record), the biggest for Disney and 2016 (surpassing Captain America: Civil War's $72.6 million), and the eighth-biggest second weekend gross of all time overall.[75][76] This was despite facing stiff competition from newcomer Independence Day: Resurgence.[77] It crossed $300 million in 12 days—a new record for an animated film, surpassing the previous record held by Shrek 2 and Toy Story 3 (both of which took 18 days),[78] and became the second animated film of 2016 (after Zootopia), the fourth Disney film of 2016, and the sixth overall film of the year to cross the milestone.[79] It continued to dominate the box office for the third straight weekend, despite competitions from three new wide releases—The Legend of Tarzan, The Purge: Election Year, and fellow Disney release The BFG—after witnessing a 42% decline to $41.8 million in three days and $51.4 million in four days, respectively, during the Independence Day holiday frame.[80] This made it the second time in two years and just the third time since 1992, the July 4 holiday box office was topped by a film in its third weekend of release.[81] It broke another record as it passed the $400 million mark in 21 days, which is the fastest for an animated film, the fastest of 2016, the fastest for the studio, and the fifth-fastest of all time overall. Morever, it became the second film of 2016 (after Captain America: Civil War), the fifth animated film, the ninth film for the studio, and the twenty-fourth film overall to pass the milestone.[82][83] On the following day (July 8), it surpassed Civil War to become the biggest film of the year up until Rogue One took that title in January 2017.[84][85] It dropped out of the top ten in its eighth week.[86]

text: Although the film was finally overtaken by The Secret Life of Pets (and The Legend of Tarzan in second place) in its fourth weekend, it nevertheless passed The Lion King to become the highest-grossing Disney animated film of all time in the same weekend, surpassing the latter which held the record for 15 non-consecutive years.[87] In just 30 days, it overtook Shrek 2 ($441.2 million) to become the highest-grossing animated film of all time, breaking the latter's record of 12 years.[88][89] Four days later, on July 20, it became the first-ever animated film in cinematic history to cross the $450 million mark.[90] As with its predecessor Finding Nemo, the studio expanded the theater count for the film during the Labor Day weekend from 345 theaters to 2,075 theaters, an addition of 1,730 theaters. In 2003, Nemo was expanded from 838 sites to 1,053 locations.[91][92]

text: It became the second-highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Rogue One),[93] the highest-grossing Pixar film,[50] the second-highest-grossing Walt Disney Pictures release (behind Beauty and the Beast), the highest-grossing Disney animated film, the highest-grossing animated film overall,[94] and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time.[95]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, Finding Dory received a staggered release in a span of four months from June to September, with Germany being the last country. This was done in order take advantage of key holidays and competitive dates around the world.[96][97] It was released across 29 countries—which is 32% of its entire international release territories—the same weekend as its U.S. premiere. It made an estimated $50.7 million to take the No. 1 spot at the international box office.[45] In its second weekend, it added $38.7 million from 37 markets, falling in third place behind Independence Day: Resurgence and Now You See Me 2.[96] In the same weekend along with its $73 million take in North America, the film helped Pixar cross the $10 billion mark worldwide since Toy Story (1995).[96] By its fourth weekend, the animated film helped Disney push past the $3 billion mark internationally and $5 billion globally.[98][99]

text: It had the biggest opening for an animated film in Brazil ($7.1 million) and the Netherlands ($2.1 million),[97] and the biggest of all time for a Disney animated or Pixar film in Australia ($7.7 million), the Philippines ($2.1 million), Singapore ($1.3 million), India ($1 million), Indonesia, Peru and Central America, and in Russia it opened with $3.2 million,[45][97] and the second-biggest in the United Kingdom and Ireland ($10.7 million), Mexico ($9.4 million) and Argentina ($3.5 million), and that's despite amidst the latter country's Copa America soccer match, and Colombia ($2.1 million), behind Monsters University.[45][100][101] In the UK and Ireland, the film recorded the second-biggest animated opening of the year with £8.1 million ($10.7 million) from 580 theaters, behind only The Secret Life of Pets. However, if previews are excluded, Finding Dory is ahead. Moreover, it also posted the second-biggest Disney/Pixar opening, behind only Toy Story 3 (fourth-biggest if previews are included), and the seventh-biggest animated opening of all time overall based on pure Friday-to-Sunday gross alone.[101][102][103] It added an additional 43 theaters in its second weekend, after which it added another £3.98 million ($5.1 million) at the weekend, thereby passing the £20 million mark in just 10 days (among Pixar films, only Toy Story 3 reached £20 million faster). It made an impressive £8.15 million during weekdays, from Monday to Thursday resulting in a £2.03 million daily-average gross. According to The Guardian, this was because of the school holidays that prevailed on the weekdays. Otherwise, family films earn the vast majority of their takings on Saturday and Sunday, and showtimes typically reduce on weekdays.[104] It returned to the top of the box office in its fourth weekend[105] and went on to become the highest-grossing film of the summer that year.[106] In Brazil, in addition to recording the biggest Disney/Pixar opening ever, almost twice the previous record held by The Good Dinosaur, it also set a new record for an all-time animated opening, on par with Minions in local currency.[97] In South Korea, it had the biggest opening for a Pixar film with $7.1 million, which is also the second-biggest for a Disney animated film, behind Frozen.[98] In Japan, the film had a two-day weekend opening of $7 million on Saturday and Sunday from 511 screens on 571,000 admissions. For the entire three-day holiday weekend, including Marine Day on Monday July 18, the film earned $11 million on 922,000 admissions. This made it the top western release of the weekend and the biggest foreign opening-weekend in the country of that year.[100][107] It had further number-one openings in Spain ($4.9 million), France ($4.7 million), Hong Kong ($1.9 million; $2.8 million including previews), Taiwan ($1.9 million), Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.[96][98][100] It topped the box office in the Netherlands for three[100] and in Spain and Australia for four consecutive weekends.[98] In Italy, it scored the biggest animated opening of the year with $5.8 million.[108]

text: In China, where Pixar films have been struggling to find broad audiences and accrue lucrative revenues, the film was projected to make around $30 million in its opening weekend.[109] The film ended up grossing $17.7 million—the highest Pixar opening in the country's history—debuting in second place behind Warcraft.[45] It surpassed Monsters University in just seven days to become the biggest Pixar film there with $38.1 million.[97][98] It opened in Germany—its last market—on September 29, where the film delivered a robust opening of $8.4 million, the biggest for any film of 2016 in the country. The film continued to benefit from German Unity Day on October 3.[110] It went on to top the box office there for three straight weekends, tying with Inferno in its third weekend.[111]

text: It is now the highest-grossing Disney animated or Pixar film in Australia (where it is also the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time behind Shrek 2), Bolivia, Brazil, Central America, Colombia, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Peru, the Philippines, and Trinidad.[98][100][112] It also became the second-highest-grossing Pixar release of all time in South Korea behind Inside Out.[113] Elsewhere, the biggest markets in terms of total earnings were Japan ($66 million), followed by the UK ($56.3 million), China ($38.1 million), Australia ($36.3 million), and Brazil ($34.5 million).[48]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Finding Dory has an approval rating of 94% based on 297 reviews and an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Funny, poignant, and thought-provoking, Finding Dory delivers a beautifully animated adventure that adds another entertaining chapter to its predecessor's classic story."[114] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 77 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[115] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[116]

text: Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, saying: "I never thought I wanted a sequel to Finding Nemo, but here we are and I'm pretty happy it exists. And, for me, it was a more emotional experience than the first film. Finding Dory got me—it made me cry."[117] A. O. Scott of The New York Times said that while the film lacks "dazzling originality", he overall wrote, "it more than makes up for in warmth, charm and good humor".[118] In his review for Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote, "It's a film that spills over with laughs (most of them good, a few of them shticky) and tears (all of them earned), supporting characters who are meant to slay us (and mostly do) with their irascible sharp tongues, and dizzyingly extended flights of physical comedy."[119] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal said that "Finding Dory can be touching, sweet and tender, but it's compulsively, preposterously and steadfastly funny."[120] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and said that the film "brims with humor, heart and animation miracles", despite lacking "the fresh surprise of its predecessor".[121]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, writing, "Its heroine may suffer from short-term memory loss, but viewers with any memory at all will realize that Finding Dory falls rather short of its wondrous progenitor."[122] Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan said that, "As the 13-year gap between "Nemo" and "Dory" indicates, this was not a concept that cried out to be made."[123]

text: Environmental controversies and issues[edit]

text: Conservationists warned that, very much like Finding Nemo, the film could lead to uninformed customers buying blue tangs for home aquariums.[124] Blue tangs cannot be bred in captivity and have to be caught in the wild.[125] They are related to surgeonfish and exhibit razor-sharp spines on both sides of the tail that can inflict formidable wounds.[126]

text: While promoting the film, actress Ellen DeGeneres reminded audiences that Nemo and Dory's real-life home, the Great Barrier Reef, is under enormous threat,[127] mostly due to coral bleaching, a process induced by climate change, which has killed coral reefs on an enormous scale.[128]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

2016
Alliance of Women Film Journalists
Best Animated Film
Andrew Stanton and Angus MacLane
Nominated
[129]
[130]

Best Animated Female
Ellen DeGeneres

British Academy Children's Awards
BAFTA Kids' Vote
Finding Dory
[131]
[132]

Critics' Choice Awards
Best Animated Feature
[133]

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Best Original Score – Animated Film
Thomas Newman
[134]
[135]

San Francisco Film Critics Circle
Best Animated Feature
Finding Dory
[136]
[137]

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association
Best Animated Film
[138]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Summer Movie
Won
[139]

Choice Summer Movie Star: Female
Ellen DeGeneres

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
Best Animated Feature
Finding Dory
Nominated
[140]

Best Voice Performance
Ellen DeGeneres

Women Film Critics Circle
Best Animated Female
Finding Dory
[141]

2017
Annie Awards
Best Animated Feature
[142]

Outstanding Achievement, Character Animation in a Feature Production
Erick Oh

Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Trevor Jimenez

Black Reel Awards
Outstanding Voice Performance
Idris Elba
[143]

British Academy Film Awards
Best Animated Film
Andrew Stanton
[144]

Cinema Audio Society
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Animated
Scott Curtis, Doc Kane, Nathan Nance, Michael Semanick and Thomas Vicari
Won
[145]

Empire Awards
Best Animated Film
Finding Dory
[146]

Georgia Film Critics Association
Best Animated Film
Andrew Stanton and Lindsey Collins
Nominated
[147]

Golden Tomato Awards
Best Wide Release 2016
Finding Dory
7th place
[148]

Best Animated Movie 2016
2nd Place

Houston Film Critics Society
Best Animated Feature Film
Nominated
[149]
[150]

2017 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Animated Movie
Won
[151]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie
Ellen DeGeneres

Most Wanted Pet
Nominated

#Squad
Ellen DeGeneres, Albert Brooks, Kaitlin Olson, Hayden Rolence, Willem Dafoe, Ed O'Neill, Ty Burrell and Eugene Levy
Won

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance
Idris Elba
Nominated
[152]

Online Film Critics Society
Best Animated Film
Finding Dory
[153]

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
Won
[154]

Favorite Family Movie

Favorite Animated Movie Voice
Ellen DeGeneres

Producers Guild of America
Best Animated Motion Picture
Lindsey Collins
Nominated
[155]

Satellite Awards
Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature
Finding Dory
[156]

Saturn Awards
Best Animated Film
Won
[157]

Village Voice Film Poll
Best Animated Feature
7th place
[158]

Visual Effects Society
Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature
Chris J. Chapman, Lindsey Collins, John Halstead and Angus MacLane
Nominated
[159]

Outstanding Animated Performance in an Animated Feature
Hank – Jonathan Hoffman, Steven Clay Hunter, Mark Piretti and Audrey Wong
Won

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature
Open Ocean Exhibit – Stephen Gustafson, Jack Hattori, Jesse Hollander and Michael Rutter
Nominated

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature
Stephen Gustafson, Allen Hemberger, Joshua Jenny and Matthew Kiyoshi Wong

text: Possible sequel[edit]

text: In June 2016, director Andrew Stanton talked about the possibility of a sequel, saying that he would never exclude it because of the introduction of new characters, citing the Toy Story films as guides for how to expand a world through sequels.[160]


document_title: List of most streamed songs on Spotify

question_text: who is the most listened to on spotify

question_tokens: who is the most listened to on spotify

text: List of most streamed songs on Spotify

text: This list of most streamed songs on Spotify contains the top 50 songs with the most streams of all time, as derived from Spotify charts.[1] As of September 2017, four songs have exceeded 1 billion streams, with Ed Sheeran's "Shape of You" ranked in the top position.[2]

text: Prior to February 2014, Spotify's most streamed song was "Radioactive" by Imagine Dragons;[3] it was overtaken by Avicii's "Wake Me Up", which became the first song to hit 200 million streams on February 27, 2014.[4] "Wake Me Up" held the streaming record for over a year before being surpassed on May 22, 2015 by Sheeran's "Thinking Out Loud",[5] which became the first song to hit 500 million streams on October 12, 2015.[6] A month later, however, it was surpassed by Major Lazer and DJ Snake's "Lean On", featuring MØ,[7] which held the streaming record for 11 months until Drake's "One Dance", featuring Wizkid and Kyla, overtook it on October 15, 2016.[8] "Shape of You" overtook "One Dance" on 21 September 2017.[9]

text: As of September 2017, the artists with the most singles in the top 50 are Justin Bieber, with a total of 7 singles (3 solo and 4 featured), and The Chainsmokers, Drake, Major Lazer, Ed Sheeran, and The Weeknd each with 3 singles.

text: The fastest song to reach a billion streams on Spotify is "Shape of You", doing so in 153 days.[10]

text: Top songs[edit]

text: The following table lists the top 50 most streamed songs on Spotify, with total streams, as well as the artist(s), the album it is currently published to Spotify on, and the date it was originally published to Spotify.

text:
Rank
Song name
Artist(s)
Album
Streams
Publication date
Notes

1
"Shape of You"[11]
Ed Sheeran
÷ (Deluxe) [12]
1,358,091,665
January 6, 2017
[A]

2
"One Dance"[14]
Drake featuring Wizkid and Kyla
Views [15]
1,328,809,223
April 5, 2016
[B]

3
"Closer"[16]
The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
Collage EP [17]
1,129,017,555
July 29, 2016
[C]

4
"Lean On"[20]
Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ
Peace Is the Mission [21]
1,042,130,657
March 2, 2015
[D]

5
"Sorry"[22]
Justin Bieber
Purpose (Deluxe) [23]
980,622,148
October 23, 2015
[E]

6
"Thinking Out Loud"[24]
Ed Sheeran
× (Deluxe Edition) [25]
952,910,369
June 21, 2014

7
"Love Yourself"[26]
Justin Bieber
Purpose (Deluxe) [23]
949,378,338
November 9, 2015

8
"Don't Let Me Down"[27]
The Chainsmokers featuring Daya
Collage EP [17]
921,232,697
February 5, 2016
[F]

9
"I Took a Pill in Ibiza (Seeb Remix)"[29]
Mike Posner
At Night, Alone. [30]
917,262,231
July 24, 2015

10
"Despacito (Remix)"[31]
Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber
Despacito [32]
875,001,936
April 17, 2017

11
"What Do You Mean?"[33]
Justin Bieber
Purpose (Deluxe) [23]
860,024,374
August 28, 2015

12
"Let Me Love You"[34]
DJ Snake featuring Justin Bieber
Encore [35]
842,045,910
August 5, 2016

13
"Starboy"[36]
The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk
Starboy [37]
834,507,350
September 22, 2016

14
"Cold Water"[38]
Major Lazer featuring Justin Bieber and MØ
Cold Water [39]
831,059,425
July 21, 2016

15
"Cheap Thrills"[40]
Sia
This Is Acting [41]
792,535,655
December 17, 2015
[G]

16
"Cheerleader (Felix Jaehn Remix)"[43]
OMI
Me 4 U [44]
790,461,321
December 2, 2014
[H]

17
"Uptown Funk"[46]
Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
Uptown Special [47]
768,051,505
November 10, 2014

18
"Stressed Out"[48]
Twenty One Pilots
Blurryface [49]
767,005,339
November 10, 2015
[I]

19
"7 Years"[51]
Lukas Graham
Lukas Graham [52]
761,531,785
September 18, 2015

20
"Stitches"[53]
Shawn Mendes
Handwritten [54]
745,981,839
May 5, 2015

21
"Photograph"[55]
Ed Sheeran
× (Deluxe Edition) [25]
745,832,953
June 21, 2014

22
"Can't Feel My Face"[56]
The Weeknd
Beauty Behind the Madness [57]
745,810,482
June 8, 2015

23
"Hello"[58]
Adele
25 [59]
744,286,825
October 23, 2015
[J]

24
"This Is What You Came For"[61]
Calvin Harris featuring Rihanna
This Is What You Came For [62]
743,295,790
April 29, 2016

25
"Work from Home"[63]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla $ign
7/27 (Deluxe) [64]
732,303,324
February 26, 2016

26
"Faded"[65]
Alan Walker
Faded [66]
725,033,610
December 3, 2015

27
"Work"[67]
Rihanna featuring Drake
ANTI [68]
723,209,587
January 27, 2016

28
"Take Me to Church"[69]
Hozier
Hozier [70]
717,668,910
September 13, 2013
[K]

29
"Can't Stop the Feeling!"[72]
Justin Timberlake
TROLLS: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack [73]
698,807,198
May 6, 2016
[L]

30
"See You Again"[75]
Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth
Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack [76]
693,831,695
March 10, 2015
[M]

31
"Despacito"[78]
Luis Fonsi featuring Daddy Yankee
Despacito [32]
687,935,013
January 13, 2017

32
"Light It Up (Remix)"[79]
Major Lazer featuring Nyla and Fuse ODG
Peace Is the Mission (Extended) [80]
680,164,661
November 5, 2015

33
"Treat You Better"[81]
Shawn Mendes
Illuminate [82]
676,187,223
June 3, 2016

34
"Where Are Ü Now"[83]
Jack Ü with Justin Bieber
Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü [84]
672,037,717
February 27, 2015

35
"Stay with Me"[85]
Sam Smith
In the Lonely Hour [86]
669,898,410
April 14, 2014

36
"Hotline Bling"[87]
Drake
Views [15]
661,003,534
July 31, 2015
[N]

37
"Heathens"[89]
Twenty One Pilots
Suicide Squad: The Album [90]
658,817,959
June 16, 2016

38
"Say You Won't Let Go"[91]
James Arthur
Back from the Edge [92]
656,266,480
September 9, 2016

39
"Panda"[93]
Desiigner
New English [94]
650,377,160
February 22, 2016
[O]

40
"Me, Myself & I"[96]
G-Eazy and Bebe Rexha
When It's Dark Out [97]
642,513,157
October 14, 2015
[P]

41
"Let Her Go"[99]
Passenger
All the Little Lights [100]
641,854,459
July 24, 2012
[Q]

42
"Chandelier"[102]
Sia
1000 Forms of Fear [103]
640,280,619
March 17, 2014
[R]

43
"All of Me"[105]
John Legend
Love in the Future [106]
637,714,517
August 12, 2013
[S]

44
"The Hills"[108]
The Weeknd
Beauty Behind the Madness [57]
633,143,172
May 27, 2015

45
"Sugar"[109]
Maroon 5
V [110]
632,954,507
August 29, 2014
[T]

46
"Radioactive"[112]
Imagine Dragons
Night Visions [113]
632,356,707
September 4, 2012

47
"Lush Life"[114]
Zara Larsson
So Good [115]
626,972,831
June 5, 2015
[U]

48
"Something Just Like This"[117]
The Chainsmokers and Coldplay
Memories...Do Not Open [118]
621,939,828
February 22, 2017

49
"Rockabye"[119]
Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul and Anne-Marie
Rockabye [120]
620,246,641
October 21, 2016

50
"Love Me Like You Do"[121]
Ellie Goulding
Fifty Shades of Grey: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack [122]
615,249,114
January 7, 2015

As of October 10, 2017

text: Historical most streamed Spotify songs[edit]

text: The following table lists the last 5 songs to become Spotify's most streamed song, from 2013 to the present.

text:
Song name
Publisher**
Streams*
Publication date
Date achieved
Days held
Ref(s)
Notes

"Shape of You"[24]
Ed Sheeran
1,318,000,000
January 6, 2017
September 21, 2017
20
[5]

"One Dance"[14]
Drake
882,000,000
May 6, 2016
October 15, 2016
340
[8]

"Lean On"[20]
Major Lazer
526,000,000
June 1, 2015
November 11, 2015
339
[7]

"Thinking Out Loud"[24]
Ed Sheeran
355,000,000
June 21, 2014
May 22, 2015
173
[5]

"Wake Me Up"[123]
Avicii
178,000,000
July 30, 2013
January 2014
480
[3][4]
[V]

"Radioactive"[112]
Imagine Dragons
95,000,000
January 1, 2012
February 2013
398
[3]
[W]

As of October 11, 2017

text: **The artist or group whose Spotify page the song was published on.

text: The approximate number of streams each song had when it became Spotify's most streamed song.