document_title: 90th Academy Awards

question_text: 90th academy awards nominees and winners best actor

text: 90th Academy Awards

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: The nominees for the 90th Academy Awards were announced on January 23, 2018, at 5:22 a.m. PST (13:22 UTC), at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, via global live stream,[11] from the Academy and by actors Tiffany Haddish and Andy Serkis.[12]

text: The Shape of Water led all nominees with thirteen nominations; Dunkirk came in second with eight, and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri came in third with seven.[13][14]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().[15][16]

text:
Best Picture

The Shape of Water – Guillermo del Toro and J. Miles Dale

Call Me by Your Name – Peter Spears, Luca Guadagnino, Emilie Georges, and Marco Morabito
Darkest Hour – Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, Anthony McCarten, and Douglas Urbanski
Dunkirk – Emma Thomas and Christopher Nolan
Get Out – Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, Edward H. Hamm Jr., and Jordan Peele
Lady Bird – Scott Rudin, Eli Bush, and Evelyn O'Neill
Phantom Thread – JoAnne Sellar, Paul Thomas Anderson, Megan Ellison, and Daniel Lupi
The Post – Amy Pascal, Steven Spielberg, and Kristie Macosko Krieger
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Graham Broadbent, Pete Czernin, and Martin McDonagh

Best Director

Guillermo del Toro – The Shape of Water

Christopher Nolan – Dunkirk
Jordan Peele – Get Out
Greta Gerwig – Lady Bird
Paul Thomas Anderson – Phantom Thread

Best Actor

Gary Oldman – Darkest Hour as Winston Churchill

Timothée Chalamet – Call Me by Your Name as Elio Perlman
Daniel Day-Lewis – Phantom Thread as Reynolds Woodcock
Daniel Kaluuya – Get Out as Chris Washington
Denzel Washington – Roman J. Israel, Esq. as Roman J. Israel

Best Actress

Frances McDormand – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Mildred Hayes

Sally Hawkins – The Shape of Water as Elisa Esposito
Margot Robbie – I, Tonya as Tonya Harding
Saoirse Ronan – Lady Bird as Christine "Lady Bird" McPherson
Meryl Streep – The Post as Katharine Graham

Best Supporting Actor

Sam Rockwell – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Officer Jason Dixon

Willem Dafoe – The Florida Project as Bobby Hicks
Woody Harrelson – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Chief Bill Willoughby
Richard Jenkins – The Shape of Water as Giles
Christopher Plummer – All the Money in the World as J. Paul Getty

Best Supporting Actress

Allison Janney – I, Tonya as LaVona Golden

Mary J. Blige – Mudbound as Florence Jackson
Lesley Manville – Phantom Thread as Cyril Woodcock
Laurie Metcalf – Lady Bird as Marion McPherson
Octavia Spencer – The Shape of Water as Zelda Delilah Fuller

Best Original Screenplay

Get Out – Jordan Peele

The Big Sick – Emily V. Gordon and Kumail Nanjiani
Lady Bird – Greta Gerwig
The Shape of Water – Screenplay by Guillermo del Toro and Vanessa Taylor; Story by Guillermo del Toro
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Martin McDonagh

Best Adapted Screenplay

Call Me by Your Name – James Ivory based on the novel by André Aciman

The Disaster Artist – Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber based on the book by Greg Sestero and Tom Bissell
Logan – Screenplay by Scott Frank, James Mangold and Michael Green; Story by James Mangold based on characters from the X-Men comic books and theatrical motion pictures
Molly's Game – Aaron Sorkin based on the memoir by Molly Bloom
Mudbound – Virgil Williams and Dee Rees based on the novel by Hillary Jordan

Best Animated Feature Film

Coco – Lee Unkrich and Darla K. Anderson

The Boss Baby – Tom McGrath and Ramsey Ann Naito
The Breadwinner – Nora Twomey and Anthony Leo
Ferdinand – Carlos Saldanha and Lori Forte
Loving Vincent – Dorota Kobiela, Hugh Welchman and Ivan Mactaggart

Best Foreign Language Film

A Fantastic Woman (Chile) in Spanish – Directed by Sebastián Lelio

The Insult (Lebanon) in Arabic – Directed by Ziad Doueiri
Loveless (Russia) in Russian – Directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev
On Body and Soul (Hungary) in Hungarian – Directed by Ildikó Enyedi
The Square (Sweden) in Swedish – Directed by Ruben Östlund

Best Documentary Feature

Icarus – Bryan Fogel and Dan Cogan

Abacus: Small Enough to Jail – Steve James, Mark Mitten and Julie Goldman
Faces Places – Agnès Varda, JR and Rosalie Varda
Last Men in Aleppo – Feras Fayyad, Kareem Abeed and Søren Steen Jespersen
Strong Island – Yance Ford and Joslyn Barnes

Best Documentary – Short Subject

Heaven Is a Traffic Jam on the 405 – Frank Stiefel

Edith+Eddie – Laura Checkoway and Thomas Lee Wright
Heroin(e) – Elaine McMillion Sheldon and Kerrin Sheldon
Knife Skills – Thomas Lennon
Traffic Stop – Kate Davis and David Heilbroner

Best Live Action Short Film

The Silent Child – Chris Overton and Rachel Shenton

DeKalb Elementary – Reed Van Dyk
The Eleven O'Clock – Derin Seale and Josh Lawson
My Nephew Emmett – Kevin Wilson Jr.
Watu Wote/All of Us – Katja Benrath and Tobias Rosen

Best Animated Short Film

Dear Basketball – Glen Keane and Kobe Bryant

Garden Party – Victor Caire and Gabriel Grapperon
Lou – Dave Mullins and Dana Murray
Negative Space – Max Porter and Ru Kuwahata
Revolting Rhymes – Jakob Schuh and Jan Lachauer

Best Original Score

The Shape of Water – Alexandre Desplat

Dunkirk – Hans Zimmer
Phantom Thread – Jonny Greenwood
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – John Williams
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Carter Burwell

Best Original Song

"Remember Me" from Coco – Music and Lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez

"Mighty River" from Mudbound – Music and Lyrics by Mary J. Blige, Raphael Saadiq and Taura Stinson
"Mystery of Love" from Call Me by Your Name – Music and Lyrics by Sufjan Stevens
"Stand Up for Something" from Marshall – Music by Diane Warren; Lyrics by Common and Diane Warren
"This Is Me" from The Greatest Showman – Music and Lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Best Sound Editing

Dunkirk – Richard King and Alex Gibson

Baby Driver – Julian Slater
Blade Runner 2049 – Mark Mangini and Theo Green
The Shape of Water – Nathan Robitaille and Nelson Ferreira
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – Matthew Wood and Ren Klyce

Best Sound Mixing

Dunkirk – Mark Weingarten, Gregg Landaker and Gary A. Rizzo

Baby Driver – Julian Slater, Tim Cavagin and Mary H. Ellis
Blade Runner 2049 – Ron Bartlett, Doug Hemphill and Mac Ruth
The Shape of Water – Christian Cooke, Brad Zoern and Glen Gauthier
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – David Parker, Michael Semanick, Ren Klyce and Stuart Wilson

Best Production Design

The Shape of Water – Production Design: Paul Denham Austerberry; Set Decoration: Shane Vieau and Jeff Melvin

Beauty and the Beast – Production Design: Sarah Greenwood; Set Decoration: Katie Spencer
Blade Runner 2049 – Production Design: Dennis Gassner; Set Decoration: Alessandra Querzola
Darkest Hour – Production Design: Sarah Greenwood; Set Decoration: Katie Spencer
Dunkirk – Production Design: Nathan Crowley; Set Decoration: Gary Fettis

Best Cinematography

Blade Runner 2049 – Roger Deakins

Darkest Hour – Bruno Delbonnel
Dunkirk – Hoyte van Hoytema
Mudbound – Rachel Morrison
The Shape of Water – Dan Laustsen

Best Makeup and Hairstyling

Darkest Hour – Kazuhiro Tsuji, David Malinowski and Lucy Sibbick

Victoria & Abdul – Daniel Phillips and Lou Sheppard
Wonder – Arjen Tuiten

Best Costume Design

Phantom Thread – Mark Bridges

Beauty and the Beast – Jacqueline Durran
Darkest Hour – Jacqueline Durran
The Shape of Water – Luis Sequeira
Victoria & Abdul – Consolata Boyle

Best Film Editing

Dunkirk – Lee Smith

Baby Driver – Paul Machliss and Jonathan Amos
I, Tonya – Tatiana S. Riegel
The Shape of Water – Sidney Wolinsky
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Jon Gregory

Best Visual Effects

Blade Runner 2049 – John Nelson, Gerd Nefzer, Paul Lambert and Richard R. Hoover

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 – Christopher Townsend, Guy Williams, Jonathan Fawkner and Dan Sudick
Kong: Skull Island – Stephen Rosenbaum, Jeff White, Scott Benza and Mike Meinardus
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – Ben Morris, Mike Mulholland, Neal Scanlan and Chris Corbould
War for the Planet of the Apes – Joe Letteri, Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon and Joel Whist

tag: table

text: Governors Awards[edit]

text: The Academy held its ninth annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 11, 2017, during which the following awards were presented:[17]

text:
Agnès Varda — French film director, writer, editor and producer[18]
Charles Burnett — American director, writer, producer, editor and cinematographer[19]
Donald Sutherland — Canadian actor[20]
Owen Roizman — American cinematographer[21]

tag: ul

text: Alejandro González Iñárritu for his virtual reality project Carne y Arena[22][23]

text: Films with multiple wins and nominations[edit]

text:
Films that received multiple nominations[24]

Nominations
Film

13
The Shape of Water

8
Dunkirk

7
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

6
Darkest Hour

Phantom Thread

5
Blade Runner 2049

Lady Bird

4
Call Me by Your Name

Get Out

Mudbound

Star Wars: The Last Jedi

3
Baby Driver

I, Tonya

2
Beauty and the Beast

Coco

The Post

Victoria & Abdul

text:
Films that received multiple awards[25]

Wins
Film

4
The Shape of Water

3
Dunkirk

2
Blade Runner 2049

Coco

Darkest Hour

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

text: Presenters and performers[edit]

text: The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers.[26][27][28]

text: Presenters[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role

Randy Thomas
Announcer for the 90th annual Academy Awards

Davis, ViolaViola Davis
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor

Gadot, GalGal Gadot
Hammer, ArmieArmie Hammer
Presenters of the award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling

Saint, Eva MarieEva Marie Saint
Presenter of the award for Best Costume Design

Dern, LauraLaura Dern
Gerwig, GretaGreta Gerwig
Presenters of the award for Best Documentary Feature

Henson, Taraji P.Taraji P. Henson
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Mighty River"

Elgort, AnselAnsel Elgort
González, EizaEiza González
Presenters of the awards for Best Sound Editing and Best Sound Mixing

Nanjiani, KumailKumail Nanjiani
Nyong'o, LupitaLupita Nyong'o
Presenters of the award for Best Production Design

Derbez, EugenioEugenio Derbez
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Remember Me"

Moreno, RitaRita Moreno
Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film

Ali, MahershalaMahershala Ali
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress

, BB-8BB-8
Hamill, MarkMark Hamill
Isaac, OscarOscar Isaac
Tran, Kelly MarieKelly Marie Tran
Presenters of the awards for Best Animated Short Film and Best Animated Feature Film

Vega, DanielaDaniela Vega
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Mystery of Love"

Holland, TomTom Holland
Rodriguez, GinaGina Rodriguez
Presenters of the award for Best Visual Effects

McConaughey, MatthewMatthew McConaughey
Presenter of the award for Best Film Editing

Haddish, TiffanyTiffany Haddish
Rudolph, MayaMaya Rudolph
Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Film

Chappelle, DaveDave Chappelle
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Stand Up for Something"

Hayek, SalmaSalma Hayek
Judd, AshleyAshley Judd
Sciorra, AnnabellaAnnabella Sciorra
Special presentation highlighting the Time's Up movement and diversity in film

Boseman, ChadwickChadwick Boseman
Robbie, MargotMargot Robbie
Presenters of the award for Best Adapted Screenplay

Kidman, NicoleNicole Kidman
Presenter of the award for Best Original Screenplay

Studi, WesWes Studi
Special presentation highlighting depictions of the US Military in film

Bullock, SandraSandra Bullock
Presenter of the award for Best Cinematography

Zendaya
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "This Is Me"

Walken, ChristopherChristopher Walken
Presenter of the award for Best Original Score

Blunt, EmilyEmily Blunt
Miranda, Lin-ManuelLin-Manuel Miranda
Presenters of the award for Best Original Song

Garner, JenniferJennifer Garner
Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute

Stone, EmmaEmma Stone
Presenter of the award for Best Director

Fonda, JaneJane Fonda
Mirren, HelenHelen Mirren
Presenters of the award for Best Actor

Foster, JodieJodie Foster
Lawrence, JenniferJennifer Lawrence
Presenters of the award for Best Actress

Beatty, WarrenWarren Beatty
Dunaway, FayeFaye Dunaway
Presenters of the award for Best Picture

text: Performers[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role
Performed

Harold Wheeler
Musical Arranger and Conductor
Orchestral

Blige, Mary J.Mary J. Blige
Performer
"Mighty River" from Mudbound

Gael García Bernal
Miguel
Natalia Lafourcade
Performers
"Remember Me" from Coco

Stevens, SufjanSufjan Stevens
St. Vincent, St. Vincent
Sumney, MosesMoses Sumney
Thile, ChrisChris Thile
Performers
"Mystery of Love" from Call Me by Your Name

Day, AndraAndra Day
, CommonCommon
Performers
"Stand Up for Something" from Marshall

Settle, KealaKeala Settle
Performer
"This Is Me" from The Greatest Showman

Vedder, EddieEddie Vedder
Performer
“Room at the Top” during In Memoriam segment

text: Record nominations and winners[edit]

text:
Allison Janney - Only the second performer to win an Oscar while concurrently starring in a major network television series.
Mary J. Blige – With her nominations for Best Supporting Actress and Best Original Song, she is the first person to be nominated for performance and songwriting in the same year.[29]
Yance Ford – With his Best Documentary Feature nomination for Strong Island, he is the first openly transgender director to be nominated for an Academy Award.[30][31][32]
Greta Gerwig – With her nomination for Lady Bird, she became the fifth woman filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director.[33][34][35][36][37][38]
James Ivory – At the age of 89, he became the oldest man to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Adapted Screenplay for Call Me by Your Name), and the oldest person to win a competitive Academy Award.[39]
Rachel Morrison – Became the first woman to be nominated for Best Cinematography, for Mudbound.[40][41]
Jordan Peele – With his nomination for Get Out, he became the fifth black filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director,[42][43][44] as well as the first black filmmaker to receive nominations for producing, directing and writing in the same year.[45] With his win for Best Original Screenplay, he became the first black screenwriter to win in that category.[46]
Christopher Plummer – At the age of 88, he became the oldest actor to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Supporting Actor for All the Money in the World). Plummer is also the current oldest acting winner (Best Supporting Actor for Beginners in 2012).[47]
Dee Rees – With her nomination for Mudbound, she is the first black woman to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay and the second black woman to be nominated for writing.[48][49][50]
Octavia Spencer – Now tied with Viola Davis as the most-nominated black actress, with three acting nominations (Best Supporting Actress for The Shape of Water).[51]
Meryl Streep – With her twenty-first nomination for Best Actress nomination in The Post, she broke her own record for the most-nominated actor of all time.[52][53][54]
Agnès Varda – At the age of 89, became the oldest person to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Documentary Feature for Faces Places).[55]
Denzel Washington – With his nomination for Roman J. Israel, Esq., he is now the most honored black actor.[56]
John Williams – With his fifty-first nomination, he broke his own record for the most-nominated living individual (Best Original Score for Star Wars: The Last Jedi).[57]

text: Ceremony information[edit]

text: Despite the mixed reception received from the preceding year's ceremony, the Academy rehired Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd as producers for the second consecutive year.[58] In May 2017, it was announced that Jimmy Kimmel would return as host for a second consecutive year.[59] Kimmel expressed that he was thrilled to be selected to MC the gala again, commenting, "Hosting the Oscars was a highlight of my career and I am grateful to Cheryl [Boone Isaacs], Dawn [Hudson], and the Academy for asking me to return to work with two of my favorite people, Mike De Luca and Jennifer Todd. If you think we screwed up the ending this year, wait until you see what we have planned for the 90th anniversary show!"[60] Jimmy extensively campaigned for the ceremony, shooting several promos and discussions on his talk show.

text: On December 4, 2017, it was announced that the timing of the ceremony and its pre-show had been changed and both would be scheduled to broadcast a half-hour earlier than prior telecasts.[61][62] In the first half of the nominations announcement, pre-taped category introductions were included that featured actresses Priyanka Chopra, Rosario Dawson, Gal Gadot, Salma Hayek, Michelle Rodriguez, Zoe Saldana, Molly Shannon, Rebel Wilson and Michelle Yeoh.[63][64]

text: As per the tradition of the Academy, the previous year's Best Actor winner usually presents the Best Actress award for the next year's ceremony; in lieu of this, last year's Best Actor winner Casey Affleck reportedly decided not to attend the ceremony due to his sexual harassment allegations.[65][66] Jodie Foster and Jennifer Lawrence presented the award together in place of Affleck.[67] The Best Actor award was presented by Jane Fonda and Helen Mirren.[68] Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway returned to present the Best Picture Award for the second year in the row, after last year's announcement error.[69][70] Sixth-year in a row Derek McLane designed the stage with forty-five million Swarovski crystals.[71][72]

text: Box office performance of nominated films[edit]

text:
North American box office gross for Best Picture nominees[73]

Film
Pre-nomination
(before Jan. 23)
Post-nomination
(Jan. 23 – Mar. 4)
Post-awards
(after Mar. 5)
Total

Dunkirk
$188 million
–
–
$188 million

Get Out
$175.7 million
$353,795
–
$176 million

The Post
$45.8 million
$34.6 million
$1.3 million
$81.8 million

The Shape of Water
$30.4 million
$27 million
$6.1 million
$63.8 million

Darkest Hour
$41.1 million
$14.5 million
$892,743
$56.4 million

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
$32.3 million
$19.2 million
$2.2 million
$54.4 million

Lady Bird
$39.2 million
$9.2 million
$636,405
$49 million

Phantom Thread
$6.4 million
$13.8 million
$736,566
$21 million

Call Me by Your Name
$9.4 million
$6.8 million
$1.1 million
$18 million

Total
$568.2 million
$126.7 million
$13 million
$708.5 million

Average
$63.1 million
$14.1 million
$1.4 million
$78.7 million

text: At the time of the nominations announcement on January 23, 2018, the combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $568.2 million, with an average of $63.1 million per film (although Dunkirk and Get Out were the only films with a gross above $46 million). When the nominations were announced, Dunkirk was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $188 million in domestic box office receipts. Get Out was the second-highest-grossing film with $175.6 million, followed by The Post ($45.7 million), Darkest Hour ($41 million), Lady Bird ($39.1 million), Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri ($32.2 million), The Shape of Water ($30.4 million), Call Me by Your Name ($9.1 million), and Phantom Thread ($6.3 million).[74] From the date of announcements to the time of the ceremony on March 4, 2018, the total made by the Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $126.7 million, with an average of $14.1 million per film. The Post ($34.6 million) and The Shape of Water ($27 million) had the highest grossed during that frame, followed by Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri ($19.8 million), Darkest Hour ($14.5 million), Phantom Thread ($13.8 million), Lady Bird ($9.2 million), Call Me by Your Name ($7.5 million) and Get Out ($353,795 from a one-week re-release).

text: Thirty-six nominations went to 15 films on the list of the top 50 grossing movies of the year. Of those 15 films, only Coco (12th), Logan (15th) Dunkirk (16th), Get Out (18th), The Boss Baby (19th), and Ferdinand (35th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box-office hits that earned nominations were Star Wars: The Last Jedi (1st), Beauty and the Beast (2nd), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (8th), Kong: Skull Island (17th), War for the Planet of the Apes (20th), Wonder (33rd), The Greatest Showman (29th), Baby Driver (36th), and Blade Runner 2049 (41st).

text: Frances McDormand's Oscar theft[edit]

text: Right after her win at the Governor's ball, actress Frances McDormand's Oscar was briefly stolen for fifteen minutes by a man named Terry Bryant, who had a ticket to the after-party.[75] Bryant filmed himself with the statue and reportedly telling other "guests he was a winner,"[76] before being apprehended by Chef Wolfgang Puck's photographer who did not recognize Bryant as a winner and retrieved the statue from him returning it back to the actress.[77]

text: The Academy said in a statement, "Best Actress winner Frances McDormand and her Oscar were happily reunited after a brief separation at last night’s Governors Ball. The alleged thief was quickly apprehended by a photographer and members of our fast-acting Academy and security teams."[78] Despite McDormand's consent to let Bryant go, he was arrested by LAPD and was charged with grand theft, but was released without a bail following Wednesday's hearing after the judge ruled that "he did not pose a flight risk."[79] He appeared in court on March 28, 2018, where without any consensus his hearing was rescheduled on May 1, 2018.[80]

text: Critical reception and television ratings[edit]

text: The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets were more critical of the show. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the show holds an approval rating of 46% based on 28 critics, and summarized, "The 90th Academy Awards played it safe and hit no major snags – but by clocking in at over four hours, wore out its welcome long before the surprise ending."[81]

text: Hank Stuever of The Washington Post marked, "In his second year, Kimmel has shown that the telecast needn't be anything but sharp and sure, with a funny host whose bits are manageable, shareable and — best of all — forgotten. We're not making showbiz history here; we're just trying to get through another Oscar night."[82] Chief critic David Edelstein of Vulture wrote, "This was the best, most inspiring, and most sheerly likable Academy Awards telecast I've ever seen. ... It was also — in terms of the actual awards — among the most disappointing."[83] Vanity Fair's, Richard Lawson wrote, "As a host, Kimmel struck a careful, appropriately measured tone ... All told, Sunday's ceremony did an admirable job of recognizing all the turmoil surrounding it while maintaining the silly, chintzy trappings that so many of us tune into the Oscars for."[84] CNN's Brian Lowry quipped, "The Oscars are a big, unwieldy beast, which invariably try to serve too many masters. Yet if the intent was ultimately to maintain a celebratory tone without ignoring either the outside world or the elephant in the room throughout this year's awards, host Jimmy Kimmel and the show itself largely succeeded."[85]

text: Others were more critical of the show. Television critic Maureen Ryan of Variety said, "All things considered, the show had a more or less low-key vibe. Normally it takes about two hours for the numbing effect to set in, but despite host Jimmy Kimmel's best efforts, Sunday's telecast started to feel a bit languid and low-energy far earlier."[86] Television critic James Poniewozik of The New York Times said, "despite the recent upheaval in Hollywood, the ceremony at large still focused mainly on celebration and glitter literally, in the case of the blinding set, which looked as if the ceremony were encased in an enormous geode. There's also the perennial problem of bloat. The hitch, of course, is that every part of the show has its constituency."[87] Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "What fun we had at this year's Oscars! Long show, sure, but where to cut it?"[88] Writing for Deadline Greg Evans said, "Did the nearly four-hour running time contain any moments for the Oscar ages? Probably not."[89] David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "Even the hope that the noise of clapping might keep the audience at home and in the theater awake, there was little of that for anything except the entrance of actors of advance age."[90] The Oregonian columnist Kristi Turnquist wrote, "Was it respectful? Absolutely. Did it make for kind of a dull, earnest Oscars show? Yeah, kind of."[91]

text: Attaining 26.5 million U.S. viewers according to Nielsen ratings, the ceremony's telecast had a 16-percent drop in viewership from last year's ceremony and had the lowest U.S. viewership in Oscar history.[92][93] On March 6, after the final ratings were confirmed, President Donald Trump took to his Twitter account, saying, "Lowest rated Oscars in HISTORY. Problem is, we don't have stars anymore – except your President (just kidding, of course)!".[94][95] In response, Kimmel also tweeted, saying, "Thanks, lowest rated President in HISTORY."[96][97]

text: In Memoriam[edit]

text: The annual In Memoriam segment was introduced by Jennifer Garner with Eddie Vedder performing a rendition of the Tom Petty's song "Room at the Top".[98] The segment paid tribute to following forty-four artists in the montage:[99]

text:
John G. Avildsen – Director
Toni Ann Walker – Hairstylist
June Foray – Actress, animator
Walter Lassally – Cinematographer
Chuck Berry – Singer-songwriter
Robert Osborne – Writer, columnist, television host
Jill Messick – Producer
Harry Dean Stanton – Actor
Terence Marsh – Production designer
Rita Riggs – Costume designer
Mary Goldberg – Casting director
Anthony Harvey – Director, film editor
Thérèse DePrez – Production designer
Debra Chasnoff – Documentarian
Jóhann Jóhannsson – Composer
Jonathan Demme – Director
Michael Ballhaus – Cinematographer
Les Lazarowitz – Sound mixer
Idrissa Ouedraogo – Writer, director
Joe Hyams – Public Relations
John Heard – Actor
Martin Landau – Actor
Glenne Headly – Actress
Eric Zumbrunnen – Film editor
Roger Moore – Actor
Sam Shepard – Writer, actor
Allison Shearmur – Producer, executive
John Mollo – Costume designer
Jeanne Moreau – Actress, director
Loren Janes – Stuntman
George A. Romero – Director, producer
Rance Howard – Actor
Sridevi – Actress
Haruo Nakajima – Actor
Martin Ransohoff – Producer
Hiep Thi Le – Actress
Ron Berkeley – Makeup artist
Joseph Bologna – Actor, writer
Fred J. Koenekamp – Cinematographer
Murray Lerner – Documentarian
Don Rickles – Actor, comedian
Seijun Suzuki – Director
Bernie Casey – Actor
Shashi Kapoor – Actor, producer
Tom Sanders – Production designer
Danielle Darrieux – Actress
Jerry Greenberg – Film editor
Brad Grey – Executive producer, manager
Miriam Colon – Actress
Luis Bacalov – Composer
Jerry Lewis – Actor, director, writer (Comedian)

text: On the Academy's website there is a gallery focusing on several other artists that were not included in the segment.


document_title: 100 Greatest Britons

question_text: who was voted the greatest briton of all time by the uk public in a bbc poll in 2002

root

text: 100 Greatest Britons

text: Top 10 on the list[edit]

text: Due to the nature of the poll used to select and rank the Britons, the results do not claim to be an objective assessment. They are as follows:

tag: p

text:
Rank
Name
Notability
Nomination defended by
Ref.

1
Sir Winston Churchill

Prime Minister (1940–1945, 1951–1955). Historically ranked as one of the greatest British prime ministers. Kept the nation's spirit up during World War II, when the country had to defend itself against Hitler's attempts to invade. He was an important figure in post-war international and national politics as well. Received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953.
Mo Mowlam, British politician.[12]
[13]

2
Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Designer of the Great Western Railway, Clifton Suspension Bridge, SS Great Britain and numerous significant ships, tunnels and bridges. A prominent figure during the Industrial Revolution which began in Britain, he revolutionised public transport and modern engineering.[14]
Jeremy Clarkson, TV presenter.[12]
[13]

3
Diana, Princess of Wales

First wife of Charles, Prince of Wales (marriage 1981–1996), and mother of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry. Admired for her philanthropic deeds.
Rosie Boycott, journalist and feminist activist.[12]
[13]

4
Charles Darwin

Biologist. Originator of the theory of evolution through natural selection and author of On the Origin of Species.
Andrew Marr, journalist and TV presenter.[12]
[13]

5
William Shakespeare

Poet and playwright. Creator of Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and many more. Thought of by many as the greatest of all English writers. He is still an internationally admired and influential figure in the field of theatre.
Fiona Shaw, actress and theatre and opera director.[12]
[13]

6
Sir Isaac Newton

Physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher. Originator of universal gravitation and laws of classical mechanics and laws of motion. His Principia is one of the most influential works in the history of science.
Tristram Hunt, historian.[12]
[13]

7
Elizabeth I of England

Queen of England and Ireland. (1558–1603). Brought a period of relative internal stability. She is associated with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Her reign is known as the Elizabethan era.
Michael Portillo, journalist and politician.[12]
[13]

8
John Lennon

Pop/rock singer-songwriter, musician, activist and member of music quartet The Beatles. One of the most famous, successful, influential, covered and admired pop artists of all time. Hailed for his peace activism.
Alan Davies, comedian and actor.[12]
[13]

9
Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

Naval commander, famous for his service in the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars. His victory during the Battle of Trafalgar was significant in preventing an invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte's army.
Lucy Moore, historian.[12]
[13]

10
Oliver Cromwell

1st Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653–1658). Commander of the New Model Army during the English Civil War against King Charles I. Admired for moving the country to a more democratic stateform, though his nomination was controversial due to allegations of genocide in Ireland.
Richard Holmes, military historian.[12]
[13]

text: Full list[edit]

text:
Sir Winston Churchill
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Diana, Princess of Wales
Charles Darwin
William Shakespeare
Sir Isaac Newton
Elizabeth I
John Lennon
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
Oliver Cromwell
Sir Ernest Shackleton, explorer. Made important contributions to the exploration of Antarctica.
Captain James Cook, explorer. Made maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.
Robert Baden-Powell, soldier and activist. Founder of Scouting.
Alfred the Great, king of Wessex (871–899). Successfully stopped the Viking advance in England, encouraged education, proposing that primary education be taught in English, and improved his kingdom's legal system, military structure and people's quality of life.
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, general during the Napoleonic Wars (defeated Napoleon at Waterloo) and Prime Minister (1828–1830, 1834).
Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister (1979–1990). First woman to have held the office.
Michael Crawford, TV, film and theatre actor (Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em on television, and originated the title role in The Phantom of the Opera on the West End).
Queen Victoria, queen (1837–1901). Her reign is known as the Victorian era.
Sir Paul McCartney, musician (The Beatles).
Sir Alexander Fleming, physician and chemist. Discovered penicillin. Received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945.
Alan Turing, mathematician and pioneering computer scientist. Invented the Turing Test and devised cryptanalytical techniques, including those which cracked the Enigma machine.
Michael Faraday, physicist. Discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis.
Owain Glyndŵr, Welsh ruler, the last native "prince of Wales"
Elizabeth II, queen (1952–).
Stephen Hawking, astrophysicist. Achieved groundbreaking work in the field of quantum gravity and theoretical cosmology. Author of A Brief History of Time.
William Tyndale, scholar. Translated the Bible into English.
Emmeline Pankhurst, activist for women's rights. Helped achieve women's right to vote in the United Kingdom.
William Wilberforce, politician and activist. Led the anti-slavery movement.
David Bowie, musician (Space Oddity, Ziggy Stardust, Heroes, Let's Dance)
Guy Fawkes, criminal. Tried but failed to blow up the English Parliament. The event is the origin of the annual Bonfire Night.
Leonard Cheshire, military pilot and philanthropist.
Eric Morecambe, comedian and actor (Morecambe and Wise).
David Beckham, association football player.
Thomas Paine, philosopher (The Age of Reason).
Boudica, Celtic queen of Britannia. Led resistance against the Roman army.
Sir Steve Redgrave, rower. Won gold medals at five consecutive Olympic Games (1984–2000).
Sir Thomas More, author and philosopher (Utopia).
William Blake, poet and painter (Songs of Innocence and Experience, Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion, Milton: A Poem in Two Books).
John Harrison, inventor of the marine chronometer.
Henry VIII, king (1509–1547).
Charles Dickens, novelist (Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, Great Expectations, David Copperfield).
Sir Frank Whittle, engineer and inventor. Invented the turbojet engine.
John Peel, radio presenter.
John Logie Baird, engineer and inventor. Invented the television.
Aneurin Bevan, politician. Minister of Health (1945–1951). Spearheaded the establishment of the National Health Service, providing medical care to all UK citizens regardless of wealth.
Boy George, pop singer (Culture Club).
Sir Douglas Bader, military aviator.
Sir William Wallace, knight and resistance leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence.
Sir Francis Drake, explorer and admiral. Defeated the Spanish Armada.
John Wesley, religious activist. Founder of Methodism.
King Arthur, mythical king.
Florence Nightingale, humanitarian activist and founder of modern nursing. Nursed wounded soldiers during the Crimean War.
T. E. Lawrence, better known as "Lawrence of Arabia", military.
Robert Falcon Scott, explorer. Failed to reach the South Pole before Roald Amundsen and died on the way back. Became a national hero to the British because of his perseverance.
Enoch Powell, politician.
Sir Cliff Richard, pop singer.
Alexander Graham Bell, inventor. Invented the telephone.
Freddie Mercury, rock singer (Queen).
Dame Julie Andrews, film actress (Mary Poppins, The Sound of Music).
Sir Edward Elgar, composer (Pomp and Circumstance Marches).
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, queen during WWII.
George Harrison, rock guitarist (The Beatles).
Sir David Attenborough, biologist and TV documentary presenter.
James Connolly, activist, politician and Marxist insurgent leader.
George Stephenson, civil engineer. "Father of the Railways". Invented the first practical steam locomotive and built the first public railway.
Sir Charlie Chaplin, comedian, actor and film director (The Kid, The Gold Rush, City Lights, The Great Dictator, Modern Times)
Tony Blair, Prime Minister (1997–2007).
William Caxton, printer. Introduced the printing press in England.
Bobby Moore, association football player. Captain of the England team that won the 1966 World Cup
Jane Austen, novelist (Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility).
William Booth, humanitarian activist. Founder of the Salvation Army.
Henry V, king (1413–1422). Against all odds defeated the French at the Battle of Agincourt.
Aleister Crowley, poet, novelist and occultist.
Robert the Bruce, king of the Scots (1306–1329).
Bob Geldof, pop singer (The Boomtown Rats) and humanitarian activist (Live Aid, Live 8). Born in Dún Laoghaire and thus technically an Irishman.
The Unknown Warrior, soldier whose remains are buried at Westminster Abbey.
Robbie Williams, pop singer (Take That).
Edward Jenner, physician. Inventor of the smallpox vaccine.
David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, Prime Minister (1916–1922).
Charles Babbage, mathematician, philosopher, mechanical engineer and inventor. Invented the first programmable mechanical computer.
Geoffrey Chaucer, poet (The Canterbury Tales).
Richard III, king (1483–1485).
J. K. Rowling, novelist (Harry Potter).
James Watt, inventor. Improved the steam engine, making it economical for use in factories, which was fundamental to the Industrial Revolution which originated in Great Britain
Sir Richard Branson, businessman (Virgin).
Bono, rock singer (U2). Born in Dublin, Ireland, so is an Irishman.
John Lydon (Johnny Rotten), rock/punk singer (The Sex Pistols, Public Image Ltd.)
Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein ('Monty'), WWII general.
Donald Campbell, speed record breaker. Only person to set both world land and water speed records in the same year (1964).
Henry II, king (1154–1189).
James Clerk Maxwell, physicist. Developed the theory of electromagnetic radiation.
J. R. R. Tolkien, novelist (The Hobbit, Lord of the Rings).
Sir Walter Raleigh, explorer. Explored North America.
Edward I, king (1272–1307). Hammer of the Scots. Edward turned the longbow into England's most deadly weapon against the Scottish and French with devastating results most notably at the Battle of Falkirk and Crecy in France.
Sir Barnes Wallis, engineer and inventor. Invented the bouncing bomb, earthquake bomb and geodetic airframe.
Richard Burton, theatre and film actor.
Tony Benn, politician.
David Livingstone, explorer. Discovered the origins of the Nile.
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, computer scientist. Inventor of the World Wide Web.
Marie Stopes, eugenicist and campaigner for women's rights. Pioneer in the field of birth control.

tag: ol

text: Although the BBC's original ranked list has been removed from their web server and what remains is only an alphabetical list of the Top 100,[15] several other sources[16][17][18] have preserved the original ranked list.

text: There was some question as to whether the Richard Burton listed at #96 is the actor or the explorer. A BBC press release makes it clear that they intended it to be the actor.


document_title: Canadian constitutional law

question_text: who decides whether a law follows the constitution or not

text: Canadian constitutional law

text: Reviewable matters and legal standing[edit]

text: Under the authority of section 52(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982, courts may review all matters of law. Accordingly, the courts have a broad reaching scope of competence. Constitutional issues come before the court through disputes between parties as well as through reference questions. The court has the discretion to hear any Constitutional issues as long as there is a sufficient legal component.[nb 2] The US constitutional political questions doctrine was rejected and so a political dimension to the issue does not bar it from court.[nb 3]

text: Courts must be careful when considering reference questions. They are required to be careful to only answer questions that are not speculative, of a purely political nature, or unripe.[nb 1] When answering the questions the court must retain its proper role within the constitutional framework.[nb 4]

text: A party must have standing (locus standi) to bring a constitutional challenge to the courts. Those who wish to challenge a law can do so in one of several ways. A party who is directly affected by the law that purports to be unconstitutional has standing as of right. Likewise, rights holder may challenge any law that will limit any of their rights. Those who are not protected by a right but are nonetheless prosecuted by that law may challenge it as well.[nb 5]

text: Public interest groups may also gain standing if they satisfy the requirements of the Borowski test.[nb 6] The group must demonstrate that the law raises a serious constitutional issue, the group has a genuine interest in the matter, and that there is no other reasonable and effective manner in which the issue may be brought before the Court.

text: Unwritten aspects of constitutional law[edit]

text: In rare cases, the courts have developed substantive rules of constitutional law that are not expressly set out in constitutional texts but rather implied by a number of different principles.

text: In Hunt v T&N plc,[nb 7] the Supreme Court of Canada found that "the integrating character of our constitutional arrangements as they apply to interprovincial mobility" called for the courts of each province to give "full faith and credit" to the judgments of courts of other provinces – even though Canada's constitution does not have an express Full Faith and Credit Clause. This development was criticized by at least one academic.[1]

text: In the Provincial Judges Reference,[nb 8] the Supreme Court found that there was an unwritten constitutional principle that protected a right to judicial salary commissions for provincial court judges.

text: Concepts in interpretation[edit]

text: A "living tree"[edit]

text: Since the 1929 ruling in Edwards v Canada (AG), the courts have interpreted the Constitution within the context of society to ensure that it adapts and reflects changes. As Viscount Sankey stated, "The British North America Act planted in Canada a living tree capable of growth and expansion within its natural limits."[nb 9]

text: Purposive[edit]

text: The Canadian courts have adopted a liberal approach to the approach of statutory and constitutional interpretation, best expressed in the statement, "Today there is only one principle or approach, namely, the words of an Act are to be read in their entire context and in their grammatical and ordinary sense harmoniously with the scheme of the Act, the object of the Act, and the intention of Parliament."[2]

text: Dialogue[edit]

text: In Charter jurisprudence, the "dialogue principle" is where judicial review of legislation is said to be part of a "dialogue" between the legislatures and the courts. It specifically involves governments drafting legislation in response to court rulings and courts acknowledging the effort if the new legislation is challenged.

text: Charter compliance[edit]

text: In 1982 the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was brought into effect. This was not meant to affect the workings of federalism, though some content was moved from section 91 to section 4 of the Charter. Mainly, the Charter is meant to decrease powers of both levels of government by ensuring both federal and provincial laws respect Charter rights, under section 32.

text: The relationship between federalism and the Charter is directly dealt with in section 31, which declares that neither the federal nor provincial governments gain powers under the Charter.

text: In R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd,[nb 5] it was found that legislation whose purpose is found to violate the Charter cannot be saved even if its effects were found to be inoffensive. If a provision of law cannot be seen to constitute a reasonable limit, demonstrably justifiable in a free and democratic society, it cannot be saved pursuant to section 1 of the Charter. The determination of s. 1 validity follows the Oakes test first expressed in R v Oakes, which follows four parts, of which the last three have been named as the "proportionality test":[nb 10]

text:
the reason for the rights violation must be "pressing and substantial"
there must be a "rational connection" between the rights-infringing measure and the objective
the measure must be the least restrictive means for realizing the objective
the deleterious effects of the measure must be proportionate to the importance of the objective

text: Although modified in subsequent jurisprudence to relax its strictness,[nb 11][nb 12] Oakes continues to be of valid application.[3]

text: However, the provincial education power under Section 93 of the Constitution Act, 1867 is plenary, and is not subject to Charter attack, so long as it does not extend beyond the confines of Section 93's mandate to fund Roman Catholic separate schools and public schools.[nb 13]

text: Legislative competence[edit]

text: In order to rationalize how far each jurisdiction may use its authority, certain doctrines have been devised by the courts:

text:
pith and substance, including the nature of any ancillary powers and the colourability of legislation,
double aspect,
paramountcy,
Crown immunity, and
interjurisdictional immunity

text: There are also differences in legislative competence in each of the Provinces, as each had entered Confederation on somewhat different terms. As Viscount Simon of the Privy Council noted in 1953:

text:
“

Every province created or to be created must, of course, be a province in the Dominion of Canada, but the Act of 1867 contained no such definition of province as would involve any conflict between that Act and the 1871 Act. There is no complete equality of powers between the four original provinces.[4]

”

text: Pith and substance[edit]

text: The pith and substance doctrine is founded on the recognition that it is in practice impossible for a legislature to exercise its jurisdiction over a matter effectively without incidentally affecting matters within the jurisdiction of another level of government.[5]

text: Also, some matters are by their very nature impossible to categorize under a single head of power: they may have both provincial and federal aspects. The double aspect doctrine, which applies in the course of a pith and substance analysis, ensures that the policies of the elected legislators of both levels of government are respected, by recognizing that both Parliament and the provincial legislatures can adopt valid legislation on a single subject depending on the perspective from which the legislation is considered (i.e., depending on the various aspects of the matter in question).[6]

text: In certain circumstances, however, the powers of one level of government must be protected against intrusions, even incidental ones, by the other level. For this purpose, the courts have developed the doctrines of interjurisdictional immunity and federal paramountcy.[7]

text: The Parliament of Canada has power to bind Her Majesty both in right of Canada and of any province, but provincial statutes do not of their own force bind the federal Crown.[8][nb 14] There is considerable debate as to whether interprovincial sovereign immunity exists.[9]

text: In Re Upper Churchill Water Rights Reversion Act, an Act of the Newfoundland legislature was held to be unconstitutional because of colourability. While its stated purpose was to cancel a long-term lease and to expropriate power generation assets located in the province, its real purpose was to interfere with civil rights existing outside the province. As noted by Mr Justice McIntyre:

text: Where the pith and substance of the provincial enactment is in relation to matters which fall within the field of provincial legislative competence, incidental or consequential effects on extraprovincial rights will not render the enactment ultra vires. Where, however, the pith and substance of the provincial enactment is the derogation from or elimination of extraprovincial rights then, even if it is cloaked in the proper constitutional form, it will be ultra vires. A colourable attempt to preserve the appearance of constitutionality in order to conceal an unconstitutional objective will not save the legislation.[nb 15]

text: Certain measures that would be constitutionally valid if enacted on their own are invalid if they are combined with other measures that invade unconstitutionally into the other jurisdiction. This is held to be overreach. As noted by Viscount Haldane:

text: Within the spheres allotted to them by the (B.N.A.) Act the Dominion and the Provinces are rendered on general principle co-ordinate governments. As a consequence where one has legislative power the other has not, speaking broadly, the capacity to pass laws which will interfere with its exercise. What cannot be done directly cannot be done indirectly.[nb 16]

text:
In Reference re Assisted Human Reproduction Act,[nb 17] the federal use of the criminal law power was found in certain key aspects to overreach too far into the provincial hospitals power, as well as into the more familiar sphere of property and civil rights.
In Reference re Securities Act,[nb 18] a proposed federal law for establishing a national securities regulator was held to overreach, as a whole, too far into the property and civil rights power, and was thus wholly unconstitutional.

text: "Double aspect" under Multiple Access[edit]

text: Multiple Access Ltd v McCutcheon[nb 19] held that, even when federal and provincial laws have been enacted on the same matter by virtue of the double aspect doctrine, the doctrine of paramountcy does not necessarily have to be invoked. In that regard, Mr Justice Dickson observed:

text: The conflict ... lies in large measures upon the opinion ... that the paramountcy doctrine became applicable because a plaintiff could resort to one set of provisions only and, having done so, there would be no scope for the other to have operational effect. That is unquestionably an important consideration but it is not, in my view, conclusive. The provincial legislation merely duplicates the federal; it does not contradict it. The fact that a plaintiff may have a choice of remedies does not mean that the provisions of both levels of government cannot “live together” and operate concurrently.[10]

text: Therefore, paramountcy should only be invoked where there is a conflict between the federal and provincial laws in question. There is no danger of double recovery being possible where the laws are not in conflict, as no court would permit it.[11]

text: Canadian Western Bank principles[edit]

text: The current approach to determining the constitutionality of legislation is founded in Canadian Western Bank v Alberta,[nb 20] where the Supreme Court of Canada summarized the following principles:

text:
the pith and substance of the provincial law and the federal law should be examined to ensure that they are both validly enacted laws and to determine the nature of the overlap, if any, between them.
the applicability of the provincial law to the federal undertaking or matter in question must be resolved with reference to the doctrine of interjurisdictional immunity.
only if both the provincial law and the federal law have been found to be valid pieces of legislation, and only if the provincial law is found to be applicable to the federal matter in question, then both statutes must be compared to determine whether the overlap between them constitutes a conflict sufficient to trigger the application of the doctrine of federal paramountcy.

text: The burden of proof falls on the party that is alleging paramountcy. As Mr Justice Binnie and Mr Justice LeBel noted:

text: To sum up, the onus is on the party relying on the doctrine of federal paramountcy to demonstrate that the federal and provincial laws are in fact incompatible by establishing either

text:
that it is impossible to comply with both laws or
that to apply the provincial law would frustrate the purpose of the federal law.[12]

text: Where the constitutionality of legislation is being questioned in relation to the division of powers under the Constitution Act, 1867, an analysis of its pith and substance must be undertaken. This analysis consists of an inquiry into the true nature of the law in question for the purpose of identifying the matter to which it essentially relates.[13]

text:
If its pith and substance can be related to a matter that falls within the jurisdiction of the legislature that enacted it, the courts will declare it intra vires.
If, however, it can more properly be said to relate to a matter that is outside the jurisdiction of that legislature, it will be held to be invalid owing to this violation of the division of powers.
The corollary to this analysis is that legislation whose pith and substance falls within the jurisdiction of the legislature that enacted it may, at least to a certain extent, affect matters beyond the legislature’s jurisdiction without necessarily being unconstitutional. At this stage of the analysis, the dominant purpose of the legislation is still decisive.
Merely incidental effects will not disturb the constitutionality of an otherwise intra vires law.[14]

text: Ancillary powers under Lacombe[edit]

text: In Quebec (AG) v Lacombe, the nature of any ancillary powers arising from the pith and substance of a matter was considered. As noted by Chief Justice McLachlin, the Chief Justice:[nb 21]

text:
The degree of integration required increases in proportion to the seriousness of the encroachment.
Where the impugned measure encroaches only slightly on the jurisdiction of the other level of government, a rational, functional connection is required.
As the degree of intrusion grows more serious, the required degree of integration tends toward a test of necessity.
To meet the test, a prima facie invalid measure must complement rather than merely supplement the legislative scheme. It must, both rationally and in its function, further the purposes of the valid legislative scheme of which it is said to be part.

text: Interjurisdictional immunity under COPA and PHS Community Services[edit]

text: In Quebec (AG) v Canadian Owners and Pilots Assn ("COPA"), Chief Justice McLachlin outlined a two-step test that must be undertaken to determine if interjurisdictional immunity comes into play:[nb 22]

text:
Does the provincial law trench on the protected “core” of a federal competence?
Is the provincial law’s effect on the exercise of the protected federal power sufficiently serious to invoke the doctrine of interjurisdictional immunity?

text: Though there remains some debate, it has generally been accepted that interjurisdictional immunity applies equally to both the federal and provincial governments. Nevertheless, virtually all of the case law concerns situations where provincial laws encroach on federal matters.[15] In Canada (AG) v PHS Community Services Society, the Supreme Court expressed caution in employing the doctrine in future cases because:[nb 23]

text:
It is in tension with the dominant approach that permits concurrent federal and provincial legislation with respect to a matter.
It is in tension with the emergent practice of cooperative federalism.
It may overshoot the federal or provincial power in which it is grounded and create legislative “no go” zones where neither level of government regulates.

text: As Chief Justice McLachlin explained in that decision:

text: [70] In summary, the doctrine of interjurisdictional immunity is narrow. Its premise of fixed watertight cores is in tension with the evolution of Canadian constitutional interpretation towards the more flexible concepts of double aspect and cooperative federalism. To apply it here would disturb settled competencies and introduce uncertainties for new ones. Quite simply, the doctrine is neither necessary nor helpful in the resolution of the contest here between the federal government and the provincial government.

text: Footnotes and citations[edit]


document_title: Ace (tennis)

question_text: record amount of aces in a tennis match

question_tokens: record amount of aces in a tennis match

text: Ace (tennis)

text: Professional singles records[edit]

text: Aces have been officially recorded by the top-level professional tennis circuits since 1991,[4] so these records start at that time.

text: Only main draw singles matches are included here.

text: ATP Tour[edit]

text: John Isner has the most aces in a tournament with 214 during the 2018 Wimbledon,[5] and he has the most in a single match with 113 during his 11 hour encounter with Nicolas Mahut. He is also third on the career list.[6]

text: Ivo Karlović has the most career aces with 12,862.[6] He also has the most in a best-of-three-set match with 45 at Halle in 2015.[7] Two weeks later, during Wimbledon, he became the only player to hit at least 40 aces in three consecutive matches.[8]

text: Goran Ivanišević has the most in a single season with 1,477 in 1996.[9] He also has the second most in a tournament with 213 when he won the 2001 Wimbledon title.[5]

text: Roger Federer hit 50 aces in the 2009 Wimbledon final, the record for a Grand Slam final.[10] He is also second on the career list.[6]

text:
#
Player
W/L
Opponent
Round
Event
Sets

113
 John Isner
W
 Nicolas Mahut
1R
2010 Wimbledon
5

103
 Nicolas Mahut
L
 John Isner

78
 Ivo Karlović
L
 Radek Štěpánek
SF
2009 Davis Cup
5

75
 Ivo Karlović
W
 Horacio Zeballos
1R
2017 Australian Open
5

64
 John Isner
W
 Ruben Bemelmans
2R
2018 Wimbledon
5

61
 Ivo Karlović
W
 Lu Yen-Hsun
1R
2016 US Open
5

 Ivo Karlović
L
 Jan-Lennard Struff
2R
2018 Wimbledon
5

56
 Albano Olivetti
L
 Matthew Barton
1R
2016 Wimbledon
5

55
 Ivo Karlović
L
 Lleyton Hewitt
1R
2009 French Open
5

53
 Ivo Karlović
W
 Alexandr Dolgopolov
2R
2015 Wimbledon
5

 Ivo Karlović
W
 Yūichi Sugita
2R
2018 Australian Open
5

 John Isner
L
 Kevin Anderson
SF
2018 Wimbledon
5

text:
#
Player
Years

5
 John Isner
2010, 12, 15–17

4
 Goran Ivanišević
1994, 96–98

 Ivo Karlović
2007, 14–16

2
 Milos Raonic
2012, 14

1
 Pete Sampras
1993

 Andy Roddick
2004

 Kevin Anderson
2015

text:
Most in a one-week tournament: 144 – John Isner at the 2007 Legg Mason Tennis Classic[4][11]
Most consecutive: 10 – Sam Querrey against James Blake at 2007 Indianapolis[11][12][13]
5 consecutive aces when down love-40: Boris Becker against Andriy Medvedev and John Isner against Jiří Veselý[11]

text: WTA Tour[edit]

text: Serena Williams holds the record for most aces in a tournament with 102 en route to winning the 2012 Wimbledon title.[14]

text: Karolína Plíšková has the most aces in a single season with 530 in 2016,[15] which broke her own record of 517 in 2015.[16]

text:
#
Player
W/L
Opponent
Round
Year
Event
Sets
Result

31
 Kristýna Plíšková
L
 Monica Puig
2R
2016
Australian Open
3
6–4, 6–7(6–8), 7–9

27
 Sabine Lisicki
W
 Belinda Bencic
2R
2015
Birmingham
2
6–1, 7–6(7–4)

24
 Kaia Kanepi
W
 Lucie Šafářová
1R
2008
Tokyo
3
4–6, 6–3, 6–4

 Serena Williams
W
 Victoria Azarenka
SF
2012
Wimbledon
2
6–3, 7–6(8-6)

23
 Serena Williams
W
 Zheng Jie
3R
2012
Wimbledon
3
6–7(5–7), 6–2, 9–7

 Kristýna Plíšková
L
 Océane Dodin
1R
2016
Linz
3
7–6(7-2), 5–7, 3–6

22
 Brenda Schultz
W
 Iva Majoli
QF
1994
Birmingham
3
6–4, 5–7, 6–0

 Meghann Shaughnessy
W
 Nicole Vaidišová
F
2005
Memphis
2
7–6, 7–6

 Alicia Molik
L
 Venus Williams
QF
2007
Tokyo
2
6–7(4–7), 3–6

21
 Michaëlla Krajicek
L
 Camila Giorgi
2R
2015
's-Hertogenbosch
3
7–6(7–2), 2–6, 4–6

 Naomi Broady
W
 Jelena Ostapenko
2R
2016
Auckland
3
4–6, 7–6(7–4), 7–5

 Karolína Plíšková

W

Dominika Cibulková

SF

2017

Qatar

3

6–4, 4–6, 6–3

 Naomi Broady
W
 Carol Zhao
1R
2018
Monterrey
3
6–3, 6–7(5–7), 6–2


document_title: Hermia

question_text: who is though she be but little she is fierce about

text: Hermia

text:
Hermia
A Midsummer Night's Dream character
Hermia and Lysander by John Simmons (1870)Created by
William ShakespearePortrayed by
Maison KellyDate(s)
Shakespearean timesInformationFamily
Egeus (father)

text: Hermia is a fictional character from Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream. She is a girl of ancient Athens named for Hermes, the Greek god of trade.

text: Hermia is caught in a romantic entanglement where she loves one man, Lysander, but is being courted by another, Demetrius, whose feelings she does not return.

text: Though she loves Lysander, Hermia's father, Egeus, wants her to marry Demetrius and has appealed to Theseus, the Duke of Athens, for support. Under Athenian law, Hermia's refusal of her father's command would result in her being put to death or being banished to a nunnery.

text: Lysander and Hermia flee into the forest, meeting Demetrius' former fiancé, and Hermia's lifelong friend, Helena. Demetrius had abandoned Helena to woo Hermia but Helena is still hopelessly in love with him. Hermia tells Helena not to worry; Hermia will elope with Lysander and Demetrius will no longer see her face. Helena relates Hermia's plan to Demetrius in the hope that he will realize her love for him, but Demetrius pursues Hermia and Lysander into the forest with Helena in pursuit.

text: Demetrius tries to persuade Helena to stop following him but Helena declares her love.

text: Oberon is the king of the fairies. He is invisible to humans and has been watching the story unfold. He orders his sprite, Puck, to place a drop from a magical flower on the sleeping Demetrius' eyelids so that he will fall in love with Helena when he wakes, and everyone will be content. However, Puck mistakes Lysander for Demetrius; when Lysander awakes, he sees Helena and falls deeply in love with her, forsaking Hermia. After discovering the mistake, Oberon places a drop of the magical flower on Demetrius' eyes. Demetrius awakes and his love for Helena is now rekindled; he joins Lysander in the quest for Helena's hand.

text: With both Demetrius and Lysander pursuing her, Helena becomes angry. Because Lysander's love for Hermia was so great and Demetrius had been wooing her in accordance with her father's wishes, Helena believes that they are cruelly mocking her. When Hermia returns to the scene, Helena accuses her of being part of the joke. Hermia feels betrayed by the accusation and asserts that she would never hurt her friend that way. Accusations and challenges fly between Lysander and Demetrius and between Helena and Hermia. Hermia now thinks the two swains prefer Helena because she is taller and offers to fight Helena. Helena asks for protection because Hermia was a scrapper in their younger years, saying, "And though she be but little, she is fierce."

text: Lysander and Demetrius resolve to settle their rivalry with swords and separately head further into the forest.

text: Wearied by the conflict and the chase, and with Puck providing some magic assistance, the four young Athenians fall asleep in the forest. Puck places the antidote on Lysander's eyes but not on Demetrius'. The four wake up the next morning when Theseus, Hippolyta, his betrothed, and Egeus find them.

text: This is the day Hermia is to make her choice: marry Demetrius, enter a nunnery or die. However, the lovers wake up dazed; Unable to explain how they fell asleep, they talk about a strange dream.

text: Demetrius, now permanently under the love flowers spell, says that he loves only Helena. With Demetrius out of the picture, Theseus overrules Egeus, freeing Hermia from her obligation. Hermia and Lysander marry each other at the wedding

text: As Hermia's name comes from the god of trade, there may have been an economic reason for Demetrius' courtship and Egeus' insistence on their marriage. [1]

text: In film versions, Hermia was played by Olivia de Havilland in the 1935 version and by Anna Friel in the 1999 release.


document_title: Family Day (Canada)

question_text: when did family day become a stat holiday in alberta

text: Family Day (Canada)

text: Family Day[edit]

text: Alberta[edit]

text: The holiday was first celebrated in 1990.[1] Alberta was the only province to have a statutory holiday in February until Saskatchewan began observing it in 2007.

text: The holiday was proclaimed by Lieutenant Governor Helen Hunley, on the advice of her premier, Don Getty. Premier Getty said it was important for Albertans to spend time with their families, and that this holiday would emphasize the importance of family values.[2]

text: Getty faced considerable criticism at the time; many employers felt an additional statutory holiday was an unnecessary financial burden. In response, Heritage Day was downgraded to a civic holiday, meaning employers would not be required to observe it. Under Alberta law, the employer may choose to observe Heritage Day as a general holiday, under which rules applying to general holiday pay will be used.[3]

text: Saskatchewan[edit]

text: In October 2006, Saskatchewan's Premier, Lorne Calvert, proposed the holiday for the province, starting in 2007.[4] The bill for the Labour Standards Amendment Act, 2006, was introduced in the legislature on November 1, 2006, and received Royal Assent on December 6.[5] The act officially declares Family Day on the third Monday of each February;[6] the first Family Day in Saskatchewan was February 19, 2007.

text: The annual number of days off remains unchanged for many, as Easter Monday is no longer considered a holiday by private businesses. Businesses suggested the new holiday might cost them as much as $140 million a year, and have requested tax breaks to soften the economic impact. The Saskatchewan government has provided $95 million in corporate tax cuts, but most of the companies benefiting have adjusted the official days off such that the annual allotment remains the same.[citation needed]

text: Ontario[edit]

text: During the Ontario provincial election in 2007, Dalton McGuinty, of the Liberal Party, promised that, if re-elected premier, he would establish a provincial holiday in February. On October 12, 2007, the provincial government established Family Day on the third Monday in February, to be first observed on February 18, 2008. Its creation raised Ontario's number of statutory holidays to nine per year.[7] However, this holiday does not necessarily add to the number of holidays Ontarians receive because employers can substitute any non-statutory holidays that employees may already be receiving in lieu of this day. Many employers have substituted the popular Civic Holiday, which falls on the first Monday in August. Although the Civic Holiday is enjoyed by millions every year, it is not public (statutory), and workers may have to choose one holiday or the other, based on their contract, union negotiations, service requirements, etc.[8]

text: British Columbia[edit]

text: A private member's bill to establish Family Day on the third Monday in February was introduced in the British Columbia Legislature by Liberal MLA Bob Chisholm in 1994 but failed to pass.[9] Although there were renewed calls to introduce Family Day in BC between 2007 and 2011, it was opposed by the British Columbia Chamber of Commerce and the Campbell government.[10][11]

text: On January 10, 2011, while running for the leadership of the BC Liberal Party, Christy Clark proposed establishing a Family Day holiday on the third Monday of February. Clark subsequently became premier; the Speech from the Throne, delivered on October 3, 2011, said that BC would observe its first Family Day on February 18, 2013.[12]

text: In 2012, a two-week consultation process was held in order to determine if British Columbians preferred the holiday to fall on the second or third Monday in February.[13] On May 28, 2012, it was announced that Family Day would be observed on the second Monday in February each year, starting February 11, 2013.[14] As this does not coincide with Presidents Day, it also provides two consecutive long weekends for tourism, particularly at BC's many ski resorts.

text: On February 9, 2018, the British Columbia provincial government announced that Family Day would be moved to the 3rd Monday in February in 2019, to align their holiday with the rest of those provinces who observe it on that Monday.[15]

text: New Brunswick[edit]

text: On September 5, 2010, while campaigning for re-election, New Brunswick Premier Shawn Graham promised to establish Family Day in his province if his Liberal Party was returned to government,[16] Graham did not win re-election.

text: The Liberals won re-election in September 2014, and in February 2016 the Liberal Government started studying the implementation of Family Day.[17] On April 26, 2017, Premier Brian Gallant announced that New Brunswick would become the newest province to observe Family Day, beginning on February 19, 2018.[18]

text: Other names[edit]

text: Louis Riel Day (Manitoba)[edit]

text: In February 2007, it was reported that the Manitoba government was considering a February holiday. Legislation proclaiming the third Monday in February as Louis Riel Day was passed by Manitoba's Legislative Assembly on April 17, 2007, and first celebrated February 18, 2008. The day is known as Louis Riel Day, a name suggested by Manitoba school students, in honour of Louis Riel, the Métis leader who lead the fight to maintain aboriginal rights.[19]

text: Islander Day (Prince Edward Island)[edit]

text: The provincial government of Prince Edward Island introduced Islander Day in 2009, due to the rising trend of a holiday in February. It was first held on the second Monday of February in 2009, rather than the third Monday, as in other provinces. This incongruity effected much controversy, as businesses suffered as a result of being out of sync with their partners in other provinces, as well the United States, which celebrates Presidents Day on the third Monday of February. In April 2009, Provincial Attorney General Gerard Greenan moved the holiday to the third Monday in February.[citation needed]

text: Nova Scotia Heritage Day[edit]

text: After the Nova Scotia Liberal Party was elected in 2013, its leader Stephen McNeil said he planned to create a February statutory holiday in Nova Scotia.[20] In December 2013 the government introduced a bill to create a holiday on the third Monday in February, starting in 2015.[21][22] The permanent name for the holiday, Nova Scotia Heritage Day, was announced on June 26, 2014.[23] Each year it will honour a different person, the first was Viola Desmond.[24] The first 12, which covers 2015 – 2026, were chosen by a three-member government appointed panel from suggestions from Nova Scotian school children.[25] Other days will recognize Mi'kmaq heritage, Africville, Joseph Howe, Edward Francis Arab, Nora Bernard, Carrie Best, J. Willie Comeau, Grand-Pré National Historic Site, William Hall, Rita Joe, Maud Lewis, and Mona Louise Parsons.[26]

text: Yukon Heritage Day[edit]

text: In Yukon, Yukon Heritage Day is a holiday observed on the Friday before the last Sunday of February.[27][28] Although the government and many businesses are closed on this day, it is not a statutory holiday.[29]

text: Elsewhere[edit]

text: Governments in the remaining jurisdictions without February holidays have come under some pressure to harmonize. Ontario's enactment of Family Day has meant the Canadian financial sector, including the Toronto Stock Exchange, largely shuts down on this date. In 2008, federal NDP leader Jack Layton proposed that it be made a federal holiday.[30] Not being a federal holiday, federally regulated workplaces (such as the post office) work on Family Day regardless of the day's status in the respective provinces.


document_title: Remember the Titans

question_text: who played denzel washington's wife in remember the titans

question_tokens: who played denzel washington 's wife in remember the titans

text: Remember the Titans

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1971, at the desegregated T. C. Williams High School, a black head coach, Herman Boone, is hired to lead the school's football team. Boone is assigned to the coaching team under current coach Bill Yoast, nominated for the Virginia High School Hall of Fame. But, in an attempt to placate rising racial tensions and the fact that all other high schools are "white" only, Boone is assigned the head coach job. At first, he refuses as he thinks it is extremely unfair to Yoast, but accepts when he sees what it means to the black community. Yoast is then offered an assistant coach's job by the school board and initially refuses, but reconsiders after the white players pledge to boycott the team if he does not participate. Dismayed at the prospect of the students losing their chances at scholarships, Yoast changes his mind and takes up the position of defensive coordinator under Boone.

text: The black students have a meeting in the gymnasium in auditioning to play for the team until Boone arrives, but the meeting turns into a fiasco when Yoast and white students interrupt. On August 15, 1971, the players gather and journey to Gettysburg College, where their training camp takes place. As their days of training camp progress, black and white football team members frequently clash in racially motivated conflicts, including some between captains Gerry Bertier and Julius Campbell. But after forceful coaching and rigorous athletic training by Boone, which includes an early morning run to the Gettysburg cemetery, and a motivational speech, the team achieves racial harmony and success. After returning from football camp, Boone is told by a member of the school board that if he loses even a single game, he will be dismissed. Subsequently, the Titans go through the season undefeated while battling racial prejudice, before slowly gaining support from the community. Gerry even has his best friend Ray removed from the team because of his racism, following a game where he intentionally missed a block that led to the near-season-ending injury of starting quarterback Jerry "Rev" Harris.

text: Just before the state semi-finals, Yoast is told by the chairman of the school board that he will be inducted into the Hall of Fame after the Titans lose one game, implying he wants Boone to be dismissed over his race. During the game, it becomes apparent that the referees are biased against the Titans. Upon seeing the chairman and other board members in the audience looking on with satisfaction, Yoast realizes they've rigged the game and warns the head official that he will go to the press and expose the scandal unless the game is officiated fairly. The Titans nonetheless win and advance to the state championship, but Yoast is told by the chairman that his actions have resulted in his loss of candidacy for Hall of Fame induction.

text: While celebrating the victory, Bertier is severely injured in an car accident with a truck after driving through an intersection. Although Bertier is unable to play due to being paralyzed from the waist down, the team goes on to win the state championship. Bertier would remain a paraplegic for the rest of his life. Ten years later, Bertier dies in another automobile accident by a drunk driver, after winning the gold medal in shot put. Coaches and other former teammates reunite to attend his funeral.

text: In the epilogue, descriptions show about the players and coaches activities after the events in 1971.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Denzel Washington as Coach Herman Boone
Will Patton as assistant coach Bill Yoast
Wood Harris as DE Julius Campbell
Ryan Hurst as LB Gerry Bertier
Donald Faison as RB/CB Petey Jones
Ethan Suplee as OL Louie Lastik
Kip Pardue as QB Ronnie "Sunshine" Bass
Craig Kirkwood as QB Jerry "Rev" Harris
Nicole Ari Parker as Carol Boone, Herman Boone's wife.
Krysten Leigh Jones as Nicky Boone, Herman Boone's daughter.
Inasia Brown as Karen Boone, Herman Boone's youngest daughter.
Hayden Panettiere as Sheryl Yoast, Bill Yoast's 10-year-old daughter.
Kate Bosworth as Emma Hoyt - Gerry's girlfriend
Earl C. Poitier as OL Darryl "Blue" Stanton
Ryan Gosling as Linebacker Alan Bosley
Gregory Alan Williams as Coach Paul "Doc" Hines, offensive line coach
Brett Rice as Coach Herb Tyrell, special teams coach
Burgess Jenkins as TE Ray Budds
David Jefferson Jr. as "Cook"

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming locations for the motion picture included Atlanta, Georgia,[2] including Henry Grady High School and Druid Hills High School which both filled in for T.C. Williams High School.

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: While this movie is based on a true story, it has strayed from the actual events that had occurred on many occasions to add new elements of teamwork, commitment, and friendship to the film.

text:
Boone may not be the coach that Washington portrays in the movie; in interviews, many former Titans football players said they believed his coaching strategies had no correlation to their success, and were indeed too harsh, causing some players to quit.[3]
The Titans had a solid football team for many years and most of their games were large victories. By the end of the 1971 football season they were ranked second in the nation, and nine out of thirteen games were shutouts.[4]
In the movie, Coach Boone states, "We are not like all the other schools in this conference, they're all white. They don't have to worry about race. We do." This is false as well; all the schools the Titans faced were integrated years before.
While the team is at camp, it shows Coach Boone waking them up at three in the morning to go for a run. This did not occur; neither did his speech at Gettysburg.[4] The team did go on a tour in Gettysburg, although it was not as dramatic as portrayed in the film.
Sunshine (Ronnie) was far from being the only one with long hair at the time. Even Gerry (Ryan Hurst) had long hair. But in interviews Bass said "I'll say for the record my hair was never that long." He also says the kiss with Gerry never happened.
The climax of the movie is the fictionalized 1971 AAA state championship football game between T. C. Williams and George C. Marshall High School. The dramatic license taken in the movie was to convert what was actually a mid-season match-up between T. C. Williams and Marshall into a made-for-Hollywood state championship. In reality, the Marshall game was the toughest game T. C. Williams played all year. As depicted in the movie, the real Titans won the Marshall game on a fourth down come-from-behind play at the very end of the game. The actual state championship (against Andrew Lewis High School of Salem) was a 27–0 blowout. [5]
Bertier's car accident took place AFTER the Championship game, on December 11, 1971. Bertier had been at a banquet honoring the players of the 1971, T.C. Williams Titans football team for their undefeated season. After the banquet, Bertier borrowed his mother's new 1971 Chevrolet Camaro. Bertier lost control of the Camaro and crashed. (The movie shows him getting broadsided). The cause of the accident was determined to be a mechanical failure in the motor mount of the engine. [5]
The film also omits the fact that Sheryl Yoast died in 1996 at the age of 34 and that she was not an only child as she had three sisters. Her oldest sister Bonnie was in college, her second oldest Angela went to a different high school, and her younger sister Deidre was only three years-old in 1971.

text: Music[edit]

text: On September 19, 2000, the soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records. The film score was orchestrated by musician Trevor Rabin and features music composed by various artists. From the instrumental score, Rabin's track "Titans Spirit", was the only cue (of the 12 composed) added to the soundtrack. It is also the only piece of music on the soundtrack album not to have been previously released.

text: "Titans Spirit" was a seven-minute instrumental. It has been used on numerous sports telecasts, particularly those on NBC, which utilized the score during its closing credits for the Salt Lake 2002, Athens 2004, Torino 2006, Beijing 2008, Vancouver 2010, London 2012, and the Rio 2016 Olympic Games as well as with the final closing credits montage for their 12-year run with the NBA in 2002. The song was also played as veteran New York Mets players crossed home plate during the closing ceremonies at Shea Stadium, and as the New York Yankees were awarded their rings from their 2009 World Series championship. The New Jersey Devils also used this song during the jersey number retirement ceremonies for Scott Stevens, Ken Daneyko, Scott Niedermayer, and Martin Brodeur.

text: It was also used during the 2008 Democratic National Convention to accompany the celebration and fireworks at Invesco Field after future president Barack Obama gave his nomination acceptance speech, and was also used immediately following his victory speech upon winning the 2008 Presidential Election.[6]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Remember the Titans: An Original Walt Disney Motion Picture Soundtrack

Film score by Various Artists

Released
September 19, 2000

Genre
R&B, pop rock

Length
46:21

Label
Walt Disney

text:
Remember the Titans: An Original Walt Disney Motion Picture Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough"
2:29

2.
"Spirit in the Sky"
4:02

3.
"Peace Train"
4:08

4.
"Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye"
4:05

5.
"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress"
3:17

6.
"I Want to Take You Higher"
2:44

7.
"Up Around the Bend"
2:42

8.
"Spill the Wine"
4:05

9.
"A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall"
5:10

10.
"Act Naturally"
2:21

11.
"Express Yourself"
3:53

12.
"Titans Spirit"
7:25

Total length:
46:21

text: Release[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Following its release in theaters, the Region 1 widescreen and Pan and scan edition of the motion picture was released on DVD in the United States on March 20, 2001.[7] A Special Edition widescreen format of the film was released on March 20, 2001, along with a widescreen Director's cut on March 14, 2006.[8]

text: A restored widescreen hi-definition Blu-ray version was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on September 4, 2007. Special features include backstage feature audio commentary with director Boaz Yakin, producer Jerry Bruckheimer and writer Gregory Allen Howard, feature audio commentary with real-life coaches Herman Boone and Bill Yoast, "Remember The Titans: An inspirational journey behind the scenes" hosted by Lynn Swann, "Denzel Becomes Boone," "Beating The Odds"; Deleted scenes; Movie Showcase and seamless menus.[9]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Remember the Titans opened strongly at the U.S. box office, grossing $26,654,715 in its first weekend and staying within the top five for six weeks.[10] It eventually went on to gross an estimated $115,654,751 in the U.S., and $136,706,683 worldwide.[1]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Among mainstream critics in the U.S., Remember the Titans received generally positive reviews.[11] Rotten Tomatoes reported that 73% of 132 sampled critics gave the film a positive review, with an average score of 6.3 out of 10.[12] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average out of 100 to critics' reviews, the film received a score of 48 based on 32 reviews.[11] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[13]

text: Writing for The New York Times, A. O. Scott said that "aside from a handful of tense showdowns at the line of scrimmage, there's not much else to see — is washed in on the flood tide of a thousand violins."[14] James Berardinelli writing for ReelViews, called the film "relentlessly manipulative and hopelessly predictable" but noted that it was "a notch above the average entry in part because its social message (even if it is soft-peddled) creates a richer fabric than the usual cloth from which this kind of movie is cut."[15] Describing some pitfalls, Robert Wilonsky of the Dallas Observer said that "beneath its rah-rah rhetoric and pigskin proselytizing, it's no more provocative or thoughtful than a Hallmark Hall of Fame film or, for that matter, a Hallmark greeting card. Its heart is in the right place, but it has no soul."[16] Wilonsky however was quick to admit "The film's intentions are noble, but its delivery is ham-fisted and pretentious; you can't deny the message, but you can loathe the messenger without feeling too guilty about it."[16]

text:
'Remember the Titans' has the outer form of a brave statement about the races in America, but the soul of a sports movie in which everything is settled by the obligatory last play in the last seconds of the championship game.
“
”

—Roger Ebert, writing in the Chicago Sun-Times[17]

tag: div

text: Todd McCarthy, writing in Variety, said, "As simplistic and drained of complexity as the picture is, it may well appeal to mainstream audiences as an 'if only it could be like this' fantasy, as well as on the elemental level of a boot camp training film, albeit a PG-rated one with all the cuss words removed."[18] Roger Ebert, in the Chicago Sun-Times, viewed the film as "a parable about racial harmony, yoked to the formula of a sports movie," adding, "Victories over racism and victories over opposing teams alternate so quickly that sometimes we're not sure if we're cheering for tolerance or touchdowns. Real life is never this simple, but then that's what the movies are for".[17]

text: In the San Francisco Chronicle, Mick LaSalle wrote that the film reminds the viewer that "it's possible to make a sentimental drama that isn't sickening —  and a sports movie that transcends cliches."[19] Columnist Bob Grimm of the Sacramento News & Review, somewhat praised the film, writing, "The film is quite lightweight for the subject matter, but Washington and company make it watchable."[20] Some detractors like Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "Denzel Washington should have held out for a better script before he signed on to star in Remember the Titans, but you can see why he wanted to do the movie: He gets to play Martin Luther King Jr. and Vince Lombardi rolled into one nostalgically omnipotent tough-love saint."[21] Jeff Vice of the Deseret News admitted that although the film contained dialogue that was "corny, clichéd, and downright cheesy at times," as well as how it relayed its message in one of the "most predictable, heavy-handed manners we've seen in a movie in years", the film "serves as a reminder of how much goodness there is inside people, just waiting for the right person to bring it out." He also viewed the casting as top-notch, saying that it helped to have a "rock-solid foundation in the form of leading-man Denzel Washington" at the helm.[22]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was nominated and won several awards in 2000–2001.

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2001 Angel Awards
Silver Angel
————
Nominated

BET Awards 2001
Best Actor
Denzel Washington
Won

2001 BMI Film & TV Awards
Film Music Award
Trevor Rabin
Won

Black Reel Awards of 2001
Best Actor
Denzel Washington
Won

Best Screenplay
Gregory Allen Howard
Won

Best Film
Jerry Bruckheimer, Chad Oman
Nominated

2001 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
Favorite Actor - Drama
Denzel Washington
Nominated

Favorite Supporting Actor - Drama
Wood Harris
Nominated

2001 Casting Society of America Awards
Best Casting for Feature Film - Drama
Ronna Kress
Nominated

2001 NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture
Denzel Washington
Won

Outstanding Motion Picture
————
Won

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture
Wood Harris
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture
Nicole Ari Parker
Nominated

Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress
Krysten Leigh Jones
Nominated

Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards 2000
Best Male Newcomer
Kip Pardue
Nominated

Youth in Film
Hayden Panettiere
Nominated

2001 Motion Picture Sound Editors Awards
Best Sound Editing - Dialogue & ADR
Robert L. Sephton, Christopher T. Welch, Julie Feiner, Cindy Marty, Gaston Biraben, Suhail Kafity
Nominated

Best Sound Editing - Music
Will Kaplan
Nominated

Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards 2000
Best Performance by a Youth in a Leading or Supporting Role
Hayden Panettiere
Nominated

2001 Political Film Society Awards
Human Rights
————
Won

Exposé
————
Nominated

Golden Satellite Awards 2000
Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture Drama
Denzel Washington
Nominated

2001 Teen Choice Awards
Film - Choice Drama/Action Adventure
————
Nominated

22nd Young Artist Awards
Best Performance in a Feature Film - Supporting Young Actress
Hayden Panettiere
Won

Best Family Feature Film - Drama
————
Nominated

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text: 2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[23]


document_title: Telephone numbers in Malaysia

question_text: what is the area code of kuala lumpur

question_tokens: what is the area code of kuala lumpur

text: Telephone numbers in Malaysia

text: Landline area codes[edit]

text: Landline area codes are, excluding the STD prefix 0, one digit in Peninsular Malaysia (area codes 3 to 7 and 9) and two digits in East Malaysia (area codes 8x). In Peninsular Malaysia, an area code is usually shared by multiple states and territories and roughly follows state borders. The two East Malaysian states, Sabah and Sarawak, are split into multiple area codes.

text: Landline subscriber numbers are seven digits in Peninsular Malaysia (except Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, i.e. area code 3) and six digits in East Malaysia. Until 1995, subscriber numbers in Peninsular Malaysia were six digits in areas other than area code 3. Prior to 2001, subscriber numbers were seven digits in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. From 1999 to 2001, subscriber numbers in these areas were gradually expanded to eight digits in phases to meet new demands that resulted from the growing population in the Klang Valley.

text: Thus, a full national number is 10 digits in area code 3 and 9 digits elsewhere, including the STD prefix 0. When writing a telephone number with the area code, the area code and subscriber number is separated with a hyphen. Examples:

text:
A number 2xxx xxxx in Kuala Lumpur: 03-2xxx xxxx
A number 2xx xxxx in George Town, Penang: 04-2xx xxxx
A number 2xx xxxx in Johor Bahru, Johor: 07-2xx xxxx
A number 2x xxxx in Kuching, Sarawak: 082-2x xxxx

text:
When calling from a landline, calls to landlines within the same area code do not require the area code to be dialled. Calls to and from mobile phones require full national dialling codes.
e.g. When calling a number 2xxx xxxx in Kuala Lumpur (03) from a landline:

text:
Within Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya: 2xxx xxxx
Outside Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Within Malaysia: 03-2xxx xxxx
Outside Malaysia: +60-3-2xxx xxxx (the initial 0 of the area code is omitted)

text:
Prefix

Area

02

None; formerly the domestic access code to  Singapore (Discontinued on 15 May 2017 by Telekom Malaysia and by all other providers on 1 July 2017.)[1][2]

03

 Selangor Kuala Lumpur PutrajayaGenting Highlands,  Pahang

04

 Perlis Kedah PenangPengkalan Hulu,  Perak

05

 PerakCameron Highlands,  Pahang Hulu Bernam,  Selangor

06

 Negeri Sembilan MalaccaMuar,  JohorTangkak,  Johor

07

 JohorGemas,  Negeri Sembilan

080

Domestic access code from East Malaysia to  Brunei

081

Reserved number for future use

082

 Sarawak – Kuching, Samarahan and Serian

083

 Sarawak – Sri Aman and Betong

084

 Sarawak – Sibu, Sarikei, Mukah and Kapit

085

 Sarawak – Miri, Limbang and Lawas

086

 Sarawak – Bintulu and Belaga

087

 LabuanInterior Division,  Sabah

088

 Sabah – Kota Kinabalu and Kudat

089

 Sabah – Lahad Datu, Sandakan and Tawau

09

 Pahang Terengganu Kelantan

text: Mobile phone codes and IP telephony[edit]

text: Mobile phone codes and IP telephony codes are in the area code 1, ranging 2 digits excluding the leading zero.

text: Subscriber number length is seven- or eight-digit, depending on the mobile phone code. Numbers in the 011 and 015 codes are eight digits long, while all other numbers are seven digits long. Therefore, a full national number (including the leading zero) is 11 digits long for 011 and 015 numbers, and 10 digits long for all other numbers.

text: Calling to and from mobile phones always require full national dialling, even with mobile phones in the same mobile phone code. When calling from outside Malaysia, the leading zero is dropped. For example, a number 016-xxx xxxx is dialled as +60-16-xxx xxxx from outside Malaysia.

text: Originally, each mobile phone operator was issued one mobile phone code. Through a series of mergers, there were three major mobile phone operators: Celcom, Maxis and DiGi as of 2005. As existing numbers began to run out, the three mobile phone operators were assigned numbers in 014 code distinguished by the first digit of the seven-digit subscriber number.

text: With the proliferation of new mobile virtual network operators and the exhaustion of existing codes, two new ranges 011 and 015 are made available for assignment. Subscriber numbers are eight digits long, resulting in an 11-digit mobile number including the leading zero. 011-1 was made available to mobile phone operators starting 15 December 2010.[3] The two major ISPs in Malaysia, TMNet and Jaring are assigned numbers in the 015-4 prefix to provide VoIP (also known as Telephony Service over IP, TSoIP) service. New numbers are assigned in smaller blocks of 10,000, 100,000 or 1,000,000 numbers, as opposed to the previous practice of assigning a whole prefix to an operator, which is a block of nearly 8,000,000 numbers.

text: The advent of mobile number portability means the current operator of a particular mobile phone number is not necessarily the original assigned operator of the number.

text:
Mobile Phone Number

Prefix

Range

Operator

010-

2, 36~39, 46, 56, 66, 76, 82, 88, 90~98

DiGi

30~34, 83~87

XOX

35, 44~45, 55, 65

Webe

40~41, 57~59

Celcom

42~43, 70~71, 89

Maxis

50~54, 77~81

Tune Talk

011-

100~104

Webe

105~109, 55

redONE

11, 21, 270~274, 28, 37, 39, 605~624

U Mobile

12

Maxis, ookyo

13, 205~209, 565~569, 575~579, 585~589, 595~599

XOX

140~144, 175~179, 23, 240~244, 25, 275~279

Maxis

145~149, 155~159, 19, 245~249, 29, 40~41, 54, 560~564

Celcom

150~154, 185~189, 35, 53

Tune Talk

16

DiGi, Tron

170~174, 30, 570~574, 580~584

Yes 4G

180~184

Telekom Malaysia

200~204

Tron

26, 31, 33, 36, 51

DiGi

32

Altel

34

BuzzME

38

Friendi

012-

2~9

Maxis

013-

2~9

Celcom

014-

2, 7

Maxis

3, 6, 9

DiGi

4

Tune Talk

5, 8

Celcom

016-

2~9

DiGi

017-

2~9

Maxis

018-

12, 2, 31~32, 35~57, 66, 760~794, 87~91, 94~98

U Mobile

30, 33~4, 58~65, 67~71, 795~824, 92~93

Yes 4G

019-

2~9

Celcom

text:
Broadband Service (Data Only)

Prefix

Range

Operator

015-9

10~14, 16, 60~64

DiGi

20~29

Celcom

text:
Telephony Service over IP (TSoIP) or Voice over IP (VoIP)

Prefix

Range

Operator

015-1

Onesmart Mobile

015-2

BluePack Network (5Ghz Internet & VoIP)

015-3

B&E Wireless Mobile

015-4

600~613

Telekom Malaysia

821

Time Fibre

840, 871~879

RedTone

841

Y-Max

848~849

Webe

851

Maxis

870

OCE

text:
Note : Range is the first one, two or three number of the whole mobile phone number.
Example :

text: Non-geographical short codes and special numbers[edit]

text:
Prefix

Operator

100

General telephone services

101

Operator assistance – domestic calls. Used together with 100.

102

Service assistance, used in conjunction with 100.

103

Fixed telephone line directory assistance

104

Telegram services

1051

Time announcement

1066

Earthquakes and Tsunami Alert Centre

108

Operator assistance for international calls.

112

International emergency number

120

Tune Talk IDD

121

Access the voice mailbox

12xx

Reserved number

1300-XX-XXXX

Local rate telephone number

1310

U Mobile IDD

13100

Celcom budget IDD

13188

TM SMS service

13200

Maxis IDD

13300

DiGi IDD

1315

TMNet dial-up internet service

1377X

General mass calling service, no longer active

141XX

currently unassigned

1500-XX-XXXX

Paging service

1508-XX-XXXX

Dial-up internet access service

1511

Jaring dial-up internet service

1512

Maxis dial-up internet service, no longer available.

1513

TMNet EZNet dial-up internet service, no longer active.

1515

TMNet dial-up internet service

1516

DiGi dial-up internet service, no longer available.

1517

Time Net dial-up internet service, now inactive.

1519

Celcom dial-up internet service, no longer active.

152X

ISDN dial-up internet service, no longer available.

15454

Electricity fault reporting

1600-XR-XXXX

Premium-rate telephone number (planned)

1700-XX-XXXX

Personal numbering service

1800-XX-XXXX

Toll-free telephone number (free from fixed line, local rate from mobile)

18YXX

Long Distance Carrier Selection Code

1900-XX-XXXX

Multimedia service number

600-XX-XXXX

Audiotext hosting service and premium-rate telephone number (planned renumbering to 1-600)

991

Civil Defence Department emergency number, now replaced with 999

994

Fire brigade emergency number, now replaced with 999

999

Malaysian General Emergency Service (MERS), previously allocated to police

text: Note: R = 1 to 6, X = 0 to 9, Y = 1 to 9

text: Mobile Number portability[edit]

text: Mobile number portability was introduced on 1 October 2008 for mobile phone numbers in a bid to increase market competition. Thus, subscribers are allowed to retain their mobile numbers when they switch to another service provider. Therefore, the mobile number prefix only indicates the original service provider.

text: Number portability has not been offered for landlines, as Telekom Malaysia (TM) holds a monopoly on landlines except in Putrajaya and some areas in the Klang Valley.