document_title: List of This Is Us characters

question_text: who plays kevin's wife on this is us

question_tokens: who plays kevin 's wife on this is us

text: List of This Is Us characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Family tree[edit]

text: The characters in green have regular roles on the show. Dotted lines indicate a parental relationship through adoption, and dashed lines indicate either divorced, or widowed (or similarly separated), characters.

text:
Jack Pearson

Rebecca Pearson

Miguel Rivas

William Hill

Laurel

Sophie

Kevin Pearson

Kate Pearson

Toby Damon

Randall Pearson

Beth Pearson

Tess Pearson

Annie Pearson

Déjà

text: Jack Pearson[edit]

text: Jack Pearson (August 31, 1944 – January 26, 1998),[2][3] portrayed by Milo Ventimiglia, was Rebecca's first husband (until he died), and the father of Kevin, Kate, and Randall.[4] Jack had a brother named Nick.[5]

text: Jack had a rough childhood because of his abusive, alcoholic father Stanley Pearson, causing them to have a strained relationship. Stanley did not know that Jack was married, so when Jack found out that he and Rebecca were expecting triplets, he went to his father asking for money, citing gambling debts, rather than telling him that he intended to buy a house for his family.[6] When Stanley was in the nursing home dying, he met Rebecca and his granddaughter Kate for the first time. Jack was camping with Kevin and Randall when Rebecca contacted him about his father dying, but Jack refused to see him.[5]

text: Jack was drafted into the Army at age 25; he served in the Vietnam War as a mechanic.[7][8] He served along with his brother Nick, who died in the war.[5][9] (After Jack took Randall to Washington, D.C. on a college tour to Howard University, he took Randall to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and told him about being drafted and how the war affected him; this may have been the first time that Jack shared about his Vietnam experiences to a member of the Pearson family—including Rebecca.)[8][10]

text: After serving in the war, and working as a manual laborer, Jack became a construction foreman. When he wanted to buy the house for his family, he approached his boss and got a raise to $17,000 a year (equivalent to more than $49,000 in 2016), making him the highest paid foreman at the company.[6] He dreamed of opening his own firm, "Big Three Homes", but put his dreams on hold in order to provide a steady income for his children by getting a desk job.[11] However, he later decided to start the business, though the Big Three were about to start college.[12]

text: Two of the triplets (the third triplet was stillborn) and Randall (who was left at a fire station) were all born on Jack's 36th birthday.[4] Jack always wanted to find out who Randall's biological father was, and never knew that Rebecca had found him.[13]

text: Jack struggled with alcoholism while the children were young, but he stopped drinking to focus more on his family.[14] (Sometimes he'd vent his anger on a punching bag to avoid drinking after a tough day.)[15] However, he relapsed into alcoholism when he had a drink after a disagreement and argument with his wife, who wanted to go on tour with a band with a member she'd once dated.[16] His drinking continued for some time until he decided to deal with the problem by attending AA meetings.[15] His sobriety and AA work continued for at least 6 months.[8]

text: Jack died when his children were 17,[2] and Kate keeps his ashes with her.[17][18] On the night of the Super Bowl, Jack, Rebecca, Kate, and Randall go to bed for the night (Kevin was at a party with his girlfriend Sophie). [19] Previously, a smoke alarm was shown to be missing batteries, and thus be inoperable.[12] An old slow cooker given years previous by a neighbor was shown to have a faulty switch, which sparked and flamed, setting a towel and the house ablaze.

text: Jack saved Kate and Randall from the fire by guiding them to his and Rebecca's bedroom. He then hoisted them down from the first story roof. Kate was worried about her dog, so Jack went back inside and got the dog and other family pictures. Jack was hospitalized for smoke inhalation, which caused stress on his heart and eventually caused fatal cardiac arrest.[20]

text: Rebecca Pearson[edit]

text: Rebecca Pearson née Malone (born 1950 or 1951), portrayed by Mandy Moore, is Jack's widow, Miguel Rivas' second wife (after Jack died), and the mother of Kevin, Kate, and Randall.[4]

text: She strives to be a better mother to her children,[21] and has issues with Jack's alcoholism.[14] She has always known that William is Randall's father, but kept them apart as she was afraid that he would try to take Randall back.[13]

text: Rebecca always wanted to be a singer, but gave up on her dreams in order to focus on her family.[22] In the mid 1990s, she had a chance to become a singer again by joining a band with her ex-boyfriend. Jack was upset after finding out about their history, which caused a rift between Rebecca and Jack.[16]

text: When the house caught fire and Jack suffered smoke inhalation, at the hospital, since Jack appeared to be fine, Rebecca was making reservations for hotel rooms—unaware that Jack was coding and staff was rushing to him. After making reservations, Rebecca got a candy bar for her and Jack. Rebecca turned around and the doctor explained the cause of Jack's cardiac arrest. In shock, Rebecca took a bite of the candy bar, refusing to believe Jack was dead. She goes to his room to tell him what the doctor said, only to see him lifeless. She immediately shuts down upon seeing him dead. She then drives to Miguel's and tells him the news, then goes in to talk to Kate and Randall. [3]

text: Since she was out of Jack's room when he died, Rebecca got the Pearsons to the funeral early, because she wanted to be present when the urn with Jack's ashes was brought out. After Jack's funeral, Dr. K let Rebecca know that she had always been strong. This encouragement gave her the strength to let Kevin and Randall know that neither of them needed to be "the man of the house", since they were teenagers and should be dating, and to tell Kate not to blame herself for Jack's death because Jack made his own decisions. She also got the courage to drive across a bridge she had feared, while taking the "Big Three" to a Bruce Springsteen concert that Jack had previously obtained tickets for the night of the funeral.[9]

text: At least 10 years after Jack's death, Rebecca posted pictures of Tess, her first grandchild, on Facebook, then got a message from Jack's best friend, Miguel Rivas.[23] Rebecca later married Miguel.[14]

text: Kevin Pearson[edit]

text: Kevin Pearson (born August 31, 1980), portrayed by Justin Hartley (current day), Logan Shroyer (age 15—17), and Parker Bates (ages 8—10), is Jack and Rebecca's son, and Kate and Randall's brother.[4] He is "Number One" of the "Big Three", being the first of the surviving triplets to be born.[4]

text: Shortly before his tenth birthday, Kevin became attracted to Kate's best friend, Sophie, whom he married when they were older. Kevin and Sophie decided that she would stay in New York and he would move to California to pursue acting, believing that their marriage could handle the distance. Kevin and Sophie later divorced, 12 years prior to season 1, due to the distance and Kevin cheating on her.[18][24]

text: Kevin has always struggled with worrying about what people think of him, which caused him to have a strained relationship with Randall as they grew up.[14] Kevin was visibly envious of Randall, who had always excelled in everything and received more attention from their parents, but he didn't realize that Randall has longed for the same attention from him. In high school he played football, as a quarterback, wearing number twelve one year and number one the next[22][25] (His number one jersey was on display with Kevin's trophies when he visited the high school at age 37, for an alumni celebration.)[25] His goal of a football career ended when his knee was injured from a tackle during a game.[25]

text: Kevin was an actor in Los Angeles, starring as the lead on a long-running sitcom called The Manny, a sitcom in the tradition of Who's the Boss and The Nanny. He abruptly quit that show on his 36th birthday, criticizing the script quality, the producer's reluctance to add nuance to the show, and the audience.[4] After quitting his job, Kevin decided to move to New York to pursue a career as a serious stage actor on Broadway.[26] Upon arriving in New York, he got hired as the lead role, David, in Back of an Egg, opposite a cynical actress named Olivia Maine (who thought Kevin did not have the ability, but that Kevin was hired because his being "The Manny" would sell tickets).[26]

text: When Kevin had trouble connecting with the emotions needed for his role, he began spending time with Olivia, who tried to get him to connect with his feelings.[11] Kevin and Olivia briefly dated, but broke up after she brought her ex-boyfriend to the Pearson family cabin.[13] After his breakup with Olivia, Kevin began dating the writer of the play, Sloane Sandburg, attending Hanukkah with her family and inviting her to the Christmas Eve party at Randall's house.[27]

text: Sloane took over as the lead of the play when Olivia disappeared and the play was at risk. Kevin decided to self-fund the performance, in order to save it.[6] After Kevin and Sloane broke up, he reconnected with Sophie and began a relationship with her again.[18][28]

text: Director Ron Howard saw Kevin's play and had him cast in a war movie.[28] Kevin had trouble with his lines when he could not focus after, when Kate (visiting the set) talked with costar Sylvester Stallone about her dad, Stallone talked to Kevin about his dad. Kevin also reinjured his knee (an old football injury) during an explosion on the set.[29]

text: As a result of the injury, Kevin became addicted to pain medication and alcohol, and allowed his relationship with Sophie to deteriorate by telling her that he saw a future with her as a nightmare, although he failed to specify that this was due to his alcoholism and drug addition.[30] One day after a brief visit with Randall, Kevin was speeding down a road, unaware that Tess was hiding in the back seat; Kevin was pulled over and charged with DUI, and Randall and Beth became angry with Kevin for endangering Tess.[8] The judge ordered Kevin to go to rehab.[2]

text: As part of Kevin's ongoing efforts to rehabilitate, he was determined to make amends with everyone. He settled things with his mom (who was hurt during the rehab family session, tearfully revealing that Kevin was the first to leave after Jack's death.)[6] Kevin found out from Miguel that the thought of his being in love with Rebecca never crossed his mind while Jack was alive, and Miguel reassured him that he loved Rebecca now and was not going anywhere.[12] When Kevin attempted to make things right with Sophie, she told him to not say anything and to just leave her with the memories of how he was at 10, or 17, or when their marriage was good.[31] Kevin reconciled with Randall by helping him fix up the apartment building William lived in, and the two shared with each other how odd it felt that they could outlive their dad.[31] On Super Bowl Sunday, about 20 years after Jack's death, Kevin visited the memorial tree with some of his dad's ashes, to talk with him, vowing to make him proud.[3] (Kevin was at a party with Sophie when the house caught fire.)[31][3]

text: Kate Pearson[edit]

text: Kate Emily Pearson (born August 31, 1980), portrayed by Chrissy Metz (current day), Hannah Zeile (age 15—17), and Mackenzie Hancsicsak (ages 8—10), is Jack and Rebecca's daughter, and Kevin and Randall's sister.[4] She is "Number Two" of the "Big Three", being the second and last of the surviving triplets to be born.[4]

text: Kate is obese and has struggled with issues of self-esteem her entire life, which she greatly attributes to her strained relationship with her mother and the death of her father.[4][28] Her relationship with her mother led to depression, for which she later took Prozac. She discontinued taking this drug due to the side effect of weight gain.[27]

text: Kate lives in Los Angeles and was her brother, Kevin's, personal assistant.[32] When Kevin decided to move to New York, he fired her in order to allow her to build her own life, apart from him.[26] She is an ardent Pittsburgh Steelers fan and has a routine where she watches the games with her dad's ashes.[17] At nine years old, she had her appendix removed on Christmas Eve.[27]

text: Kate decided to join a weight-loss support group, where she met Toby. Despite saying that she was not going to get involved with a fat person, she fell for Toby.[4] When Toby decided to not continue with his diet, Kate broke up with him and decided to go to Randall's for Thanksgiving. During a turbulent plane ride to New Jersey, Kate had an epiphany and decided to have gastric bypass surgery.[33] After consulting with a doctor, she instead decided to enter a fat camp to attempt to lose the weight without surgery.[18] When Toby surprised Kate by showing up at Randall's house for Christmas, he told her that he can live without pizza and junk food, but that he cannot live without her.[27] Toby collapsed from a heart attack, and was taken to the hospital.

text: After Toby's heart surgery, Kate and Toby decided to get engaged.[6] Kate later found out she was pregnant.[34] Kate and Toby announced their pregnancy to Kevin, and planned to get married at city hall, but then considered a big wedding.[30] But Kate lost the baby in a miscarriage.[35] Despite some struggle in their relationship after the miscarriage, Toby eventually came through for Kate.[35] Kate struggled with eating junk food after the miscarriage, which Toby noticed when a trash bag broke.[2]

text: Kate had said that her father's death was her fault,[28] and has a fear of caring for dogs.[31] (Jack went back inside their burning house to save her dog, causing smoke inhalation which led to his death in the hospital. Afterwards, Kate wanted to give away the dog.)[3] She blames herself even though Rebecca told Kate after Jack's funeral not to blame herself, because Jack made his own decisions.[9] Every year on Super Bowl Sunday, Kate would watch the videotape Jack made of her singing for a Berklee College of Music audition.[3]

text: Randall Pearson[edit]

text: Randall Kenneth Pearson (born August 31, 1980), portrayed by Sterling K. Brown (current day), Niles Fitch (ages 15—17), and Lonnie Chavis (ages 8—10), is Jack and Rebecca's (adopted) son, and Kate and Kevin's brother.[4] He is "Number Three" of the "Big Three", being adopted after Kevin and Kate were born.[4] On his 36th birthday, he found his biological father, William, and invited him to his northern New Jersey home.[4]

text: Randall worked at selling commodity futures based on weather patterns, and was shown to be successful and affluent.[11] However, after a nervous breakdown and some time off, he felt that his firm did not appreciate or respect him, and quit.[16][28]

text: On the day that Randall was born, he was dropped off in front of a firehouse by his biological father, William, and then taken to the hospital, where he was adopted by Jack and Rebecca.[4] Jack and Rebecca originally named him Kyle (the name they had intended for their third child, who was stillborn). Taking William's advice, Rebecca decided to give him his own name, naming him after William's favorite poet, Dudley Randall, although she refused to let William see Randall.[4][32] This allowed them to honor both their stillborn son's memory and Randall, rather than essentially replacing one son with the other.

text: At age nine, Randall’s teacher informed Jack and Rebecca that Randall was a gifted child who was not being challenged enough at his current school. They decided to remove him from public school and send him to Hanes Academy.[11] In high school Randall played football, wearing number 36.[22]

text: Randall and Kevin had an estranged relationship and didn't reconnect until they were 36 years old. At some points, Kevin openly despised Randall.[14] At a high school football game, where they played on opposing teams, they got in a fight.[22] However, there were also some moments when they acted like brothers.[5] When they were teenagers, Kevin was there with Kate to comfort Randall when a woman claimed to be his birth mother as a scam to get money.[29] When they were 36, they got in a fight on the street in New York, but Kevin told onlookers they were brothers.[22] When Randall had his nervous breakdown, Kevin left the theater—when opening day was about to start—to comfort Randall.[16]

text: As an adult, Kevin was hurt that Randall didn't seem to care about his acting career.[22] They began to reconnect when Kevin needed Randall's advice, but Randall coldly told him he shouldn't care what he thinks. Eventually, Kevin moved to Randall's house in New Jersey, but they still had some work to do on building their relationship.[26] He loves Thanksgiving and has his family recreate a specific childhood Thanksgiving every year, including a 3.4 mile hike, watching Police Academy 3: Back in Training, and imitating a hotel owner known as "Pilgrim Rick".[33]

text: In season 2, Randall wanted to adopt a baby (to honor his father's legacy), but decided (with Beth's input) to foster an older child who may need help.[7][19] They fostered a 12-year old girl named Deja, whose mother Shauna was incarcerated. She showed signs of physical abuse, but Randall and Beth started to win her trust and get her to open up.[29][34][5] When the charges against Shauna were dropped, Deja went back home with her (over Randall's initial objections). Randall and Beth planned to try fostering again after some time.[8]

text: Beth Pearson[edit]

text: Beth Pearson, portrayed by Susan Kelechi Watson, is Randall's wife, whom he met in college and later married, circa 1999. The couple has two daughters, Annie and Tess.[14] Their marriage is based on honesty where they make an effort not to have secrets from one another. William revealed to Beth that he had met and communicated with Rebecca. This caused Beth to give Rebecca an ultimatum: to either tell Randall or she would. Growing up, Beth lived in a three-bedroom house with 14 other people.[22] After Randall quit his job, Beth took a job so Randall could be a stay-at-home dad.[19] But after a while, Beth thought Randall was in "outer space", and Beth thought working again would be good for Randall.[12]

text: When Annie's pet lizard "Mr. McGiggles" went missing during a Super Bowl Party, she accidentally stepped on him, killing him.[3]

text: Toby Damon[edit]

text: Toby Damon, portrayed by Chris Sullivan is Kate's fiancé[6] Toby was born in Palm Springs, California.[6] Toby began dating Kate after they met at a weight-loss support group.[4] Toby is confident with his own body although obese, and encourages Kate to have better self-esteem. He was previously married to a woman whom Kate views as beautiful and successful, but who treated him badly. Toby gained 90 pounds in the first year after his divorce.[26]

text: Refusing to take Kate's hesitance about the relationship lightly, Toby has continually come up with sweet gestures to win her over.[32] In the beginning, he felt that he had to compete with Kevin for Kate's attention.[32] Despite breaking his weight-loss goals, Toby decided dieting was not for him and went off his diet, resulting in Kate breaking up with him.[13] He surprised Kate by showing up at Randall's house for Christmas Eve, stating that he could live without pizza and junk food, but that he could not live without her.[27] On Christmas Eve, Toby collapsed and ended up in the hospital with an arrhythmia.[27]

text: After Toby's heart surgery, he and Kate decided to get engaged.[6] Kate became pregnant with Toby's child, but she miscarried; afterwards, despite an initial struggle in their relationship, Toby came through for her.[34][35] Kate, around the 20th anniversary of Jack's death, told Toby he strengthens her and Jack would have loved him.[3]

text: William Hill[edit]

text: William H. "Shakespeare" Hill (died 2017), portrayed by Ron Cephas Jones (recent days) and Jermel Nakia (as a young adult), was Randall's biological father.[32]

text: William was a recovering drug addict who was suffering from terminal stage-four stomach cancer in the present.[26] He grew up in Memphis,[18] and after his mother moved to Pittsburgh he stayed in Memphis to play in his cousin Ricky's band, where he played piano, wrote, and sang.[36] William left the band, with the intention of returning, to care for his dying mother. However, after meeting Randall's mother and becoming a drug addict, he never returned.[36] He got clean after he thought he saw a monkey on the streets, realizing that nothing good comes from a person being on the street at 3:30 am. (He also stayed clean for years after being told by a judge, who offered to help him after his first conviction, to picture the judge's face when he was tempted to do the wrong thing.)[30] William returned to Philadelphia to attend a Narcotics Anonymous meeting, hoping to find and reconnect with his former lover—a man named Jessie.[27]

text: William, who was bisexual, and Jesse never officially broke up. Jessie assumed William had died when he vanished one night—the night William moved in with Randall's family.[27]

text: After leaving Randall at the firehouse, he waited outside the hospital to see him being taken home by Jack and Rebecca. Rebecca realized that William was Randall's father, after seeing him getting onto the bus as she left the hospital. She eventually tracked him down,[14] a secret she kept from everyone, including Randall and Jack.[13]

text: William always wanted to have a relationship with his child,[13] but promised Rebecca he would stay away for Randall's benefit.[32] He accidentally revealed this secret to Beth one night when they got high together,[22] and Randall accidentally found out himself, when he found a letter and photo in William's apartment, from Rebecca, while looking for cassette tapes.[33] (William also told Randall about the second time William saw Rebecca; he took a cab to follow her home, hoping he could be in Randall's life, but when he was outside the house, he thought better of it.)[8]

text: William eventually succumbed to his cancer during a road trip back to Memphis with Randall.[36] Prior to his death he left a letter to Randall's girls, asking them to plan a fun memorial for him. He also sent Beth a postcard from Memphis, saying goodbye and calling her the daughter he never had.[28]

text: Miguel Rivas[edit]

text: Miguel Rivas, portrayed by Jon Huertas, was Jack's best friend and is Rebecca's second husband. Miguel was originally married to Shelly, before they divorced.[24] While it originally seemed that his marriage to Rebecca happened shortly after Jack's death, in season 2 it is clarified that the two did not get together until at least ten years after Jack's passing.[23][2] Miguel was initially disliked by Kevin, until Miguel told Kevin how much he is like his father.[16]

text: Miguel told Beth and Toby one day, when Kevin in rehab was meeting with "immediate family", that he felt like a real outsider compared to them and the Pearson family.[2] When Kevin got out of rehab and stayed with Rebecca, Miguel was protective of her after she was hurt by Kevin's arrest, and by Kevin criticizing her in his rehab session with the family.[12] Kevin asked Miguel if he was in love with Rebecca when Jack was alive; Miguel said that idea never occurred to him because everyone saw Jack and Rebecca as one entity rather than two separate individuals. But he stated that he loves Rebecca now, and is not going anywhere.[12]

text: Sophie[edit]

text: Sophie, portrayed by Alexandra Breckenridge (modern day), Amanda Leighton (ages 15-17), and Sophia Coto (age 10), was Kate's childhood best friend and Kevin's childhood love and his ex-wife. Kevin moved to New York and reconciled with her, after his relationships with Olivia and Sloane ended.[18][28] Their relationship initially survived the distance when Kevin was in his movie in L.A., but Kevin broke up with Sophie, admitting that he couldn't be the man that he wanted to be for her.[30] When Kevin got sober, he tried making amends to Sophie; she just wanted to remember Kevin when they were younger.[3]

text: Tess Pearson[edit]

text: Tess Pearson, portrayed by Eris Baker, is Randall and Beth's older daughter. She was promoted to series regular in season two.[37] She was named after the Tessana ceiling fan Randall was going to purchase when hearing about Beth going into labor.[23] Although not noticed acting out previously, she hid in her uncle Kevin's car (claiming she hates it at her house), when he was pulled over for speeding and charged with DUI;[8] she later claimed she was just unhappy that Deja, the foster child, had to go home.[2] Tess admitted one day (on the 20th anniversary of Jack's death) she had tried to prevent social workers from calling, worried that recent changes meant Randall wanted a "new life"; Randall reassured her that he would always be devoted to her.[3] Tess is shown in the future as an adult, working as a social worker, with an older Randall meeting her for dinner like they have done while Tess was younger.[3]

text: Annie Pearson[edit]

text: Annie Pearson, portrayed by Faithe Herman, is Randall and Beth's younger daughter. She was also promoted to series regular in season two.[37] On William's first night at Randall's family's house, when William wanted to step out, Annie convinced William that he might be happy if he stayed. [29]

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: Introduced in season one[edit]

text: Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka "Dr. K"): The obstetrician who delivered Kate and Kevin.

tag: ul

text: Janet Montgomery as Olivia Maine: a theatre actress, Kevin's former stage partner and ex-girlfriend.

text: Milana Vayntrub as Sloane Sandburg: Kevin's stage partner and ex-girlfriend.

text: Ryan Michelle Bathe as Yvette: A family friend of the Pearsons.

text: Denis O'Hare as Jessie: William's friend and former lover.[27][6]

text: Adam Bartley as Duke: The stable worker at the weight-loss camp Kate attended.

text: Jill Johnson as Laurie: A member of Toby and Kate's weight-loss support group.[4]

text: Peter Onorati as Stanley Pearson: Jack's father.

text: Hari Dhillon as Sanjay Jahiri: Randall's newer former coworker.

text: Caitlin Thompson as Madison: Member of Toby and Kate's support group.

text: Introduced in season two[edit]

text: Lyric Ross as Deja: Randall and Beth's foster child while her mother was incarcerated.[39]

text: Guest stars[edit]

text: The following is a supplementary list of guest stars, some recurring, who appear in lesser roles. The characters are listed, in alphabetical order by actor, by the season in which they first appeared.

text: Introduced in season one[edit]

text:
Susan Blakely as Anne: Dr. K, a widower, dates and marries Anne.[38][9]
Katie Couric as herself: Kevin had a recurring dream about an interview by Katie Couric going badly.[16]
Wynn Everett as Shelly: Shelly was Miguel's first wife until their divorce.[24]
Brad Garrett as Wes Manning: Wes was the television network president tasked with negotiating Kevin's exit from The Manny.[14]
Jami Gertz as Marin Rosenthal: Marin hired Kate to be an event coordinator.[11]
Ron Howard as himself: After Howard saw Kevin's play, he called Kevin to praise his performance and offered to send him a script for a new movie he was producing.[28]
Mario Lopez as himself: Lopez was hosting a talk show discussing Kevin's on-set meltdown.[4]
Seth Meyers as himself: Meyers saw Kevin and Randall fighting on a New York City sidewalk and approached the pair, recognizing Kevin as a showbiz colleague.[22]
Elizabeth Perkins as Janet Malone: Rebecca's overbearing mother.
Katey Sagal as Lanie Schulz: Kevin's Hollywood agent.[14]
Jimmi Simpson as Andy Fannan: Andy was a co-worker whom Randall talked out of committing suicide on Christmas Eve.[27]
Alan Thicke as himself: Thicke was guest-starring on The Manny when Kevin had his on-set meltdown.[4]

text: Introduced in season two[edit]

text:
Kate Burton as Barbara: Psychologist at Kevin's rehab who facilitates his meeting with the family.[40]
Garrett Morris as Lloyd: A resident living in William's old apartment building.[41]
Debra Jo Rupp as Linda: A social worker who worked with Randall and Beth Pearson when they fostered Deja.[42]
Sylvester Stallone as himself: Actor in a movie Kevin was cast in.[43]


document_title: The Equalizer

question_text: who played the equalizer in the original tv series

root

text: The Equalizer

text: Series plot elements[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The series featured English actor Edward Woodward as Robert McCall, a former covert operations officer of an unnamed US government intelligence organization, which was often referred to simply as "The Agency" or "The Company", who tries to atone for his past by offering, usually free of charge, his services as a troubleshooter, a protector, and an investigator. People in need find him through a newspaper classified ad: "Got a problem? Odds against you? Call the Equalizer. 212 555 4200."  When he begins this business in the pilot episode, it is revealed that the nickname "Equalizer" was bestowed on him by another operative by the name of "Brahms", played by Jerry Stiller.

tag: p

text: Aided by a group of sometimes-mysterious contacts, some of whom date back to his spying days, McCall traverses the streets of New York City, delivering justice upon bullies, corrupt police and politicians, hoodlums, mobsters, rapists, racists, murderers, kidnappers, drug dealers, and other "truly deserving" people.[1] His contacts are also prone to human foibles, ranging from egotism to domestic problems.[citation needed]

text: Many episodes focus on McCall interacting with "Control" (played by Robert Lansing), the unnamed head of the Manhattan office of the secret organization for which McCall used to work. As a general rule, however, the people answering the newspaper ad were unremarkable, average, and unknown.[citation needed]

text: McCall's car, weapons, and other gadgetry at times feature significantly as elements in the plot.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Edward Woodward as Robert McCall: A veteran operative of The Company who becomes disillusioned with sacrificing ordinary people for the perceived greater good.  He quits and takes out a newspaper advert offering his services to those who need it as The Equalizer.  McCall himself is divorced, a "lost dad" long estranged from his son, Scott (William Zabka). Scott comes back into his life as a young adult who is at first bitterly critical of his father's world, but then becomes drawn into that world to the dismay of both of his parents. McCall also lost a woman he was in love with, a fellow operative named Manon Brevard, and discovers that she had secretly given birth to his daughter Yvette.[2]  McCall appears to be independently wealthy, as although he almost never takes payment for his work, he owns a high-end apartment, is always well dressed and drives a Jaguar XJ6 car (registered 5809-AUG).  He enjoys classical music (playing the piano himself), fine wine and dining and is occasionally seen dating and trying to live a "normal" life, only for work or his past to get in the way.  His Father, William, was a British Army officer, killed in Egypt in 1952 when McCall was 19 and also an Army Officer.  His mother was American, a working class entertainer and his father was disinherited by his family and shunned by his regiment for seen to be marrying beneath himself.[3]  Woodward was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Actor in a Drama series four years in a row for his performance, but never won.
Keith Szarabajka as Mickey Kostmayer (Also starring, 56 episodes): A former Navy SEAL, who was in the brig for a crime he didn't commit until McCall cleared him and recommended he join The Company.[4]  Often seen surveilling suspects or protecting witnesses.  Always laconic, very little of his personal life is given away although he is seen to enjoy fishing in his free time.  His brother is a priest, also in the city, and needs the help of McCall and Mickey in one episode.[5] While McCall is almost always dressed in a suit, Mickey is usually seen in jeans and wearing a watch cap and army overcoat. A black Dodge van is his usual mode of transport.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Robert Lansing as Control (29 episodes).  A contemporary of McCall's in The Company who has risen to a senior rank, they are usually friendly although at times Control's focus on the mission causes friction with McCall's desire to avoid collateral damage.  Although McCall does not always agree with Control's methods, he usually helps his old friend when younger and even more ruthless agents try to force him out.  For his part Control allows McCall to utilize Company men like Mickey, Jimmy and Sterno provided they are not on assignment.
Mark Margolis as Jimmy (16 episodes).  Another company veteran and an expert in surveillance.  Usually brought in by McCall when high tech bugs or wiretaps are required.  He is divorced and almost always has a story about his ex-wife to tell McCall.
William Zabka as Scott McCall (12 episodes).  McCall's estranged son when the series begins, their growing relationship is one of the recurring themes throughout the series.  Scott is an accomplished musician but is drawn more and more deeply in to his Father's world as the series progresses.
Chad Redding as Sgt. Alice Shepard (11 episodes).  An NYPD detective who often assists McCall, recognizing that he can take action where she cannot.
Richard Jordan as Harley Gage (10 episodes).  Another disillusioned Company veteran, Gage was brought in by Richard Dyson (Played by Robert Mitchum) to track down McCall when he goes missing in Mission McCall, and ends up staying on and helping people with McCall.  This was done to lighten the load on Woodward after he suffered a heart attack,[6] although strangely Keith Szarabajka was rarely featured in episodes with Jordan.
Maureen Anderman as Pete O'Phelan (9 episodes).  The widow of a former colleague of McCall's, and a former operative herself.  She owns a bar that McCall and Mickey frequent, and also helps out with their missions from time to time.
Ron O'Neal as Lt. Isadore Smalls (7 episodes).  An NYPD Detective who assists McCall.
Irving Metzman as Sterno (6 episodes).  Another Company man, specializing in computers and finance. He is often seen eating, particularly fast food, which generally annoys McCall's more refined tastes.
Steven Williams as Lt. Jefferson Burnett (5 episodes).  An NYPD detective in the first season, who is aware of McCall's past and is initially distrustful of him.

text: Notable guest stars[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The show had quite a number of notable guest stars, many of whom became major stars within a few years of their appearances. Eight-year-old Macaulay Culkin appeared in one episode as a kidnap victim. Nine-year-old Melissa Joan Hart appeared as a young girl whom McCall protected from her ex-con father. Christian Slater appeared as a high-school student in the episode "Joyride". Kevin Spacey played a corrupt police officer. Ed O'Neill played a doctor in the first season episode "The Children's Song".  John Goodman played a single father who was tricked by co-worker Joe Morton into taking part in a robbery. Goodman's frequent co-star Steve Buscemi appeared in the same episode, which marks the first time the two were onscreen together.

text: Stewart Copeland, who composed the show's theme song and much of its music, made a cameo as a pickpocket. Vincent D'Onofrio appeared twice in the series, playing the arsonist son of a mobster in his first appearance, and a mentally-challenged man falsely accused of murder in his second. Adam Ant played a villain in an episode that also featured J.T. Walsh, David Alan Grier, Lori Petty and Luis Guzman. Adam Horovitz of the Beastie Boys made a rare acting appearance in an episode alongside Alex Winter. Bradley Whitford appeared as a brutal young thug whose terrorizing of a hitch-hiking young couple leads to a siege of the weaponless McCall and his son who are away on a father-son weekend. Melissa Sue Anderson played McCall's daughter (unbeknownst to herself) by an old girlfriend; in real life, Anderson was, and is the wife of series co-creator Michael Sloan. Frank Whaley, Sam Rockwell, and Jerry O'Connell appeared in the same episode as members of a teen robbery gang. Shelby Anderson lent her singing ability as a lounge singer in an episode that also involved her giant panda, ZhenZhen. Singer Vitamin C appeared in two episodes under her real name, Colleen Ann Fitzpatrick.

text: Other well-known stars at the time, as well as future stars, who appeared on the show included Robert Mitchum, Telly Savalas, Maureen Stapleton, E.G. Marshall, Laurence Fishburne, Jane Kaczmarek, Lauren Tom, Patricia Clarkson, Jennifer Grey, Reginald VelJohnson, Quentin Crisp, Laurie Metcalf, Frances Fisher, Oliver Platt, Patricia Richardson, William H. Macy, Robin Curtis, Roma Maffia, Olympia Dukakis, Michael Moriarty, Chris Cooper, Michael Rooker, David Strathairn, Charles S. Dutton, Cynthia Nixon, Bruce Payne, Laura San Giacomo, Kasi Lemmons, Al Leong, Ving Rhames, Amanda Plummer, Daniel Davis, Jon Polito, Jasmine Guy, Mark Linn-Baker, Meat Loaf, Lori Loughlin, Michael Wincott, Tony Shalhoub, Anthony Zerbe, Michael Cerveris, and the singing duo of Ashford and Simpson.

text: The series also made good use of its New York City filming location/setting by employing actors who were appearing on Broadway in the late 1980s as guest stars. These included Terrence Mann, Frances Ruffelle, Kevin Conway, J. Smith-Cameron, Philip Bosco, Caitlin Clarke, Josef Sommer, Jim Dale, Christine Baranski and Anne Twomey.

text: Additionally, several former stage, and screen co-stars of Edward Woodward appeared on the show. These included Brian Bedford, Tammy Grimes (real-life mother of the aforementioned Ms. Plummer), Gwen Verdon, Sandy Dennis, Jenny Agutter, Shirley Knight and Sylvia Sidney. Harvard-educated Shakespearean theatre, Broadway stage, screen and film actor Richard Jordan appeared as the character Harley Gage in 10 episodes.

text: Woodward's second wife, Michele Dotrice, appeared as the central character in the season 2 episode, "Heartstrings". Her father, Roy Dotrice, also guest starred on the show in season 4's "Trial By Ordeal". Edward Woodward's son, actor Tim Woodward, appeared as McCall's father in a flashback scene in the episode "Prisoners of Conscience", also in season 4.

text: Music[edit]

text: The show's theme song was created by composer/performer Stewart Copeland.

text: Six episodes in the 1988 season were scored by Joseph Conlan.

text: Episode list[edit]

text: The show ran for four seasons of 22 episodes each. It was initially renewed for a fifth season (causing Keith Szarabajka to turn down a role on Midnight Caller). However the show was later cancelled due to a row between CBS and Universal Studios over the renewal of Murder, She Wrote.[7]

text: In The Story of The Equalizer, created for the DVD box set, Executive Producer Coleman Luck also stated that Universal requested a script for a crossover episode with Magnum, PI despite the objections of the crew due to the vastly different tones of the two shows.  Ultimately the crossover did not happen and the episode was re-written as "Beyond Control".

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: On February 12, 2008, Universal Studios Home Entertainment released Season 1 of The Equalizer on DVD in Region 1 (US only).[8]

text: On May 15, 2013, it was announced that Visual Entertainment had acquired the rights to the series in Region 1.[9] They subsequently released season 2 on DVD on August 26, 2014.[10][11] Season 3 was released on October 25, 2014, followed by season 4 on November 24, 2014.

text: Visual Entertainment also released a limited edition complete series set on DVD on August 19, 2014.[12] The Equalizer Complete Collection Limited Edition set contains all 88 episodes plus 12 hours of bonus content including CI5: The New Professionals; the last film ever done by Edward Woodward, A Congregation of Ghosts; and The Story of The Equalizer featuring interviews with cast and crew.[12]

text: In Region 2, Universal Playback UK released season 1 on DVD on April 21, 2008. In late 2011, Fabulous Films announced that they had acquired the rights to the series.  They have subsequently released seasons 2–4.[13] On May 27, 2013, Fabulous Films released The Equalizer: The Complete Collection on DVD.[14] This 24-disc box set contains all 88 episodes of the series as well as bonus content including an all-new documentary featuring interviews with cast and crew.

text: Many fans have noted that the Region 1 version has had several of the originally used songs replaced. In actual fact nearly 50 per cent of all music apart from the theme, and scoring by Stewart Copeland has been replaced by "covers" due to expired music licensing agreements, and the costs which would be incurred in the USA to have the licensing renewed. In contrast, the Region 2 version contains all of the original music intact.

text: In Region 4, Umbrella Entertainment has released all four seasons on DVD in Australia.[15]

text:
DVD Name

Ep#

Release dates

Region 1

Region 2

Region 4

The First Season

22

February 12, 2008

April 21, 2008

March 9, 2011

The Second Season

22

August 26, 2014

March 26, 2012

April 4, 2012

The Third Season

22

October 25, 2014

October 1, 2012

August 1, 2012

The Fourth Season

22

November 24, 2014

October 29, 2012

November 7, 2012

text: Film adaptations[edit]

text: A film starring Denzel Washington in the title role, very loosely based upon the series, was released in September 2014. A sequel film, The Equalizer 2, was released on July 20, 2018.

text: In other media[edit]

text:
The short-lived Saturday morning TV series Flip! featured The Get-Even Guy, a series of short films which spoofed The Equalizer. Each film starred a teenage boy sporting a trench coat, obviously dyed hair, and an affected British accent; he would lend an assist to hapless youngsters who were being treated less than fairly by various adults...including a high-school gym-class teacher and a video store-clerk. The Get-Even Guy never used a real weapon or seriously injured anyone, but rather employed whatever was at hand to humiliate his adversary...such as an ordinary videocassette, the tape from which was used to hopelessly entangle the dastardly clerk.
The 2013 movie The Wolf of Wall Street shows opening credits for The Equalizer and a scene with Steve Buscemi when "Mad" Max Belfort (Rob Reiner) receives a phone call in the middle of the episode. Max gets angry because he is a hardcore fan of the show.


document_title: Closing milestones of the S&P 500

question_text: what is the highest closing for the s&p 500

text: Closing milestones of the S&P 500

text: History[edit]

text: Standard & Poor's, initially known as the Standard Statistics Company, created its first stock market index in 1923. It consisted of 233 different stocks and was computed on a weekly basis. Three years later, it developed a 90 component composite price index that was computed on a daily basis; that was expanded over the years. On March 4, 1957, the Standard & Poor's 500 (.INX) (.SPX) was introduced.

text: Milestone highs and lows[edit]

text:
June 4, 1968: S&P 500 closes above 100 for the first time.
October 19, 1987: S&P 500 registers its largest daily percentage loss, falling 20.47 percent. The one-day crash, known as "Black Monday," was blamed on program trading and those using a hedging strategy known as portfolio insurance. Despite the losses, the S&P 500 still closed positive for the year.
March 24, 1995: The S&P 500 index closes above 500 for the first time. In exactly five years time, the S&P 500 tripled its value, and reached its peak prior to the dot-com bubble.
February 2, 1998: S&P 500 closes above 1,000 for the first time.
March 15, 1999: The S&P 500 closed above 1,300 for the first time. On the next day, the more commonly followed Dow Jones Industrial Average traded above 10,000 points for the first time.
March 24, 2000: The S&P 500 index reaches an all-time intraday high of 1,552.87 during the dot-com bubble.
October 9, 2007: Index closes at a record high of 1,565.15, the highest close prior to the 2008 financial crisis.
October 11, 2007: S&P 500 hits an intraday record high of 1,576.09.
October 13, 2008: S&P 500 marks its best daily percentage gain, rising 11.58 percent. It also registers its largest single-day point increase of 104.13 points.
December 31, 2008: For the year, S&P 500 falls 38.49 percent, its worst yearly percentage loss. In September 2008, Lehman Brothers collapsed as the financial crisis spread.
March 9, 2009: S&P 500 closes at 676.53 (it hit a 666 intraday low on March 6th), its closing low after the onset of the 2008 financial crisis and the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers.
March 28, 2013: S&P 500 ends at 1,569.19, surpassing its previous record closing high set in 2007.
April 10, 2013: S&P 500 hits new all-time intraday record high at 1,589.07, surpassing the previous record of 1,576.09 set during trading on October 11, 2007.
May 3, 2013: S&P 500 closes above 1,600 for the first time, finishing at 1,614.42 after a much better-than-expected April U.S. non-farm payrolls report. The index also hit an all-time intraday high of 1,618.46.
August 1, 2013: S&P 500 closes above 1,700 for the first time, finishing at 1,706.87, as well as reaching an all-time intraday high of 1,707.85.[2]
November 22, 2013: S&P 500 closes above 1,800 for the first time, finishing at 1,804.76 points.
May 23, 2014: S&P 500 closes above 1,900 for the first time, finishing at 1,900.53 points.
August 26, 2014: S&P 500 closes above 2,000 for the first time, finishing at 2,000.02 points.
February 17, 2015: S&P 500 closes above 2,100 for the first time, finishing at 2,100.34 points.[3]
November 22, 2016: S&P 500 closes above 2,200 for the first time, finishing at 2,202.94 points.
February 9, 2017: S&P 500 closes above 2,300 for the first time, finishing at 2,307.87 points.
May 15, 2017: S&P 500 closes above 2,400 for the first time, finishing at 2,402.32 points.
September 15, 2017: S&P 500 closes above 2,500 for the first time, finishing at 2,500.23 points.
November 24, 2017: S&P 500 closes above 2,600 for the first time, finishing at 2,602.42 points.
January 3, 2018: S&P 500 closes above 2,700 for the first time, finishing at 2,713.06 points.
January 17, 2018 S&P 500 closes above 2,800 for the first time, finishing at 2,802.56 points.

text: Records[edit]

text:
Category
All-time highs
All-time lows

Closing
2,872.87
Friday, January 26, 2018
16.66
Tuesday, January 3, 1950

Intraday
2,872.87
Friday, January 26, 2018
16.66
Tuesday, January 3, 1950

text: Incremental closing milestones[edit]

text: The following is a list of the milestone closing levels of the S&P 500. 1-point increments are used up to the 20-point level; 2 to 50; 5 to 100; 10 to 500; 20 to 1,000; 50 to 3,000; and 100-point increments thereafter. Bold formatting is applied to every five milestones, excluding peaks.[4]

text: The Post-World War II Boom (1949–1966)[edit]

text:
Milestone
Closing level
Date first achieved

16.66[a]
16.66
January 3, 1950

17
17.08
January 9, 1950

18
18.03
April 18, 1950

19
19.14
June 8, 1950

20
20.00
October 4, 1950

22
22.20
February 5, 1951

24
24.16
January 14, 1952

26
26.04
December 12, 1952

28
28.18
April 29, 1954

30
30.14
July 9, 1954

32
32.00
September 22, 1954

34
34.03
November 23, 1954

36
36.75
January 3, 1955

38
38.27
April 18, 1955

40
40.10
June 17, 1955

42
43.18
July 6, 1955

44
44.19
September 12, 1955

46
46.41
November 14, 1955

48
48.14
March 16, 1956

50
50.06
September 30, 1958

55
55.21
December 31, 1958

60
60.01
July 7, 1959

65
65.06
March 30, 1961

70
70.01
November 6, 1961

75
75.02
December 31, 1963

80
80.02
April 6, 1964

85
85.04
October 8, 1964

90
90.27
May 13, 1965

text: The 1970s Bear Market (1967–1973)[edit]

text:
Milestone
Closing level
Date first achieved

94.06[b]
94.32
May 4, 1967

95
95.37
August 1, 1967

100
100.38
June 4, 1968

110
110.18
April 12, 1972

120
120.24
January 11, 1973

text: The Early 1980s Bull Depression (1980–1982)[edit]

text:
Milestone
Closing level
Date first achieved

120.24[c]
121.44
July 17, 1980

130
130.40
September 22, 1980

140
140.40
November 20, 1980

text: The Mid-1980s Bull Market (1982–1987)[edit]

text:
Milestone
Closing level
Date first achieved

140.52[d]
142.87
November 3, 1982

150
150.88
March 1, 1983

160
160.71
April 20, 1983

170
170.53
June 21, 1983

180
180.35
February 4, 1985

190
190.04
June 4, 1985

200
201.41
November 21, 1985

210
212.02
December 16, 1985

220
222.45
February 18, 1986

230
231.69
March 11, 1986

240
242.22
April 16, 1986

250
250.84
June 30, 1986

260
260.30
January 12, 1987

270
273.91
January 22, 1987

280
281.16
February 5, 1987

290
290.52
March 5, 1987

300
301.16
March 23, 1987

310
310.68
July 14, 1987

320
322.09
August 6, 1987

330
333.99
August 14, 1987

text: The 1990s Technology Bubble (1989–2000)[edit]

text:
Milestone
Closing level
Date first achieved

336.77[e]
338.05
July 26, 1989

340
341.99
July 27, 1989

350
351.52
August 24, 1989

360
360.65
May 29, 1990

370
370.47
March 1, 1991

380
380.40
April 12, 1991

390
390.45
April 17, 1991

400
404.84
December 26, 1991

410
415.14
December 30, 1991

420
420.44
January 14, 1992

430
430.16
November 27, 1992

440
441.28
December 18, 1992

450
454.71
March 8, 1993

460
460.13
August 25, 1993

470
470.54
December 27, 1993

480
481.61
January 31, 1994

490
490.05
March 13, 1995

500
500.97
March 24, 1995

520
520.48
May 3, 1995

540
545.22
June 19, 1995

560
560.89
July 12, 1995

580
583.61
September 14, 1995

600
600.07
November 17, 1995

620
620.18
December 6, 1995

640
641.43
February 5, 1996

660
661.45
February 12, 1996

680
680.54
September 13, 1996

700
701.46
October 4, 1996

720
724.59
November 6, 1996

740
742.16
November 19, 1996

760
768.86
January 14, 1997

780
782.72
January 21, 1997

800
802.77
February 12, 1997

820
830.29
May 5, 1997

840
841.88
May 15, 1997

860
862.91
June 9, 1997

880
883.46
June 12, 1997

900
904.03
July 2, 1997

920
925.76
July 15, 1997

940
940.30
July 24, 1997

960
960.32
August 6, 1997

980
983.12
October 7, 1997

1,000
1,001.27
February 2, 1998

1,050
1,052.02
March 3, 1998

1,100
1,105.65
March 24, 1998

1,150
1,157.33
July 6, 1998

1,200
1,202.84
December 21, 1998

1,250
1,272.34
January 6, 1999

1,300
1,307.26
March 15, 1999

1,350
1,358.63
April 12, 1999

1,400
1,403.28
July 9, 1999

1,450
1,458.34
December 23, 1999

1,500
1,500.64
March 22, 2000

text: The Mid-2000s Cyclical Bull Market (2007)[edit]

text:
Milestone
Closing level
Date first achieved

1,527.46[f]
1,530.23
May 30, 2007

1,550
1,552.50
July 13, 2007

text: The Mid 2010s Bull Market (2013-Present)[edit]

text:
Milestone
Closing level
Date first achieved

1,565.15[g]
1,569.19
March 28, 2013

1,600
1,614.42
May 3, 2013

1,650
1,650.34
May 14, 2013

1,700
1,706.87
August 1, 2013

1,750
1,754.67
October 22, 2013

1,800
1,804.76
November 22, 2013

1,850
1,854.29
February 27, 2014

1,900
1,900.53
May 23, 2014

1,950
1,951.27
June 9, 2014

2,000
2,000.02
August 26, 2014

2,050
2,051.80
November 18, 2014

2,100
2,100.34
February 17, 2015

2,130.82[h]
2,137.16
July 11, 2016

2,150
2,152.14
July 12, 2016

2,200
2,202.94
November 22, 2016

2,250
2,259.53
December 9, 2016

2,300[i]
2,307.87
February 9, 2017

2,350
2,351.16
February 17, 2017

2,400[j]
2,402.32
May 15, 2017

2,450
2,453.46
June 19, 2017

2,500
2,500.23
September 15, 2017

2,550
2,552.07
October 5, 2017

2,600
2,602.42
November 24, 2017

2,650
2,651.50
December 8, 2017

2,700
2,713.06
January 3, 2018

2,750
2,751.29
January 9, 2018

2,800
2,802.56
January 17, 2018

2,850
2,872.87
January 26, 2018


document_title: Veronica Mars (season 2)

question_text: when do logan and veronica get back together in season 2

text: Veronica Mars (season 2)

text: Cast and crew[edit]

text: The second season was produced by Warner Bros. Television, Silver Pictures Television and Rob Thomas Productions. Joel Silver and Thomas served as the executive producers,[5] and Jennifer Gwartz, Danielle Stokdyk and Diane Ruggiero served as co-executive producers. The season's crew also included producers Howard Grisby and Dan Etheridge, co-producer Stacy Fields, head writer Dayna Lynne North, and casting director Deedee Bradley.[6]

text: The second season features a cast of nine actors who receive star billing, six of whom were regulars in the first season. Kristen Bell portrays the titular Veronica Mars, a high school senior and skilled private detective. Teddy Dunn plays Duncan Kane, Veronica's ex-boyfriend and Lilly's brother. Jason Dohring plays Logan Echolls, the "bad-boy" son of an A-list actor and an "09er", a group of wealthy students from the fictional 90909 ZIP code. Percy Daggs III portrays Wallace Fennel, Veronica's best friend and frequent partner in solving mysteries. Francis Capra portrays Eli "Weevil" Navarro, the leader of the PCH Biker gang and Veronica's friend. Enrico Colantoni plays Veronica's father Keith Mars, a private investigator and former Balboa County Sheriff.

text: Thomas, who said that he "conceive[d] the show as a one-year mystery", decided that he needed to introduce and eliminate several characters to be able to create an "equally fascinating mystery" for the series' second season. Thomas felt that he could not bring back the Kanes and the Echolls and "have them all involved in a new mystery"; he needed "new blood".[7] The second season saw the introduction of Tessa Thompson as Jackie Cook, a romantic interest of Wallace and daughter of a famous baseball player. Previous recurring characters Dick Casablancas and Cassidy "Beaver" Casablancas were upgraded to series regulars. Dick, played by Ryan Hansen, was an 09er friend of Logan, a womanizer and former high-school bully turned frat boy. Kyle Gallner portrayed "Beaver", Dick's introverted younger brother.[8] Dunn, who played Duncan Kane, left the series midway through the season.[9] Thomas explained that the Logan–Veronica–Duncan love triangle had run its course, and to keep the series fresh, there would need to be "other guys in her life". He attributed Dunn's removal to fan interest dominating the Logan–Veronica relationship,[10] saying "it became clear that one suitor won out".[11]

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Brian Raftery of Entertainment Weekly praised the cast as ingenious, in particular Bell and Colantoni, who he thought kept the season "humming along". Raftery found their characters' "sweet-natured, genuine father-daughter friendship remains the show's rock-hard axis".[12] Eric Goldman of IGN wrote that the season was "entertaining start to finish", with "great" returning characters and a "wonderful array of guest stars". Goldman criticized the main mysteries for not having the "same personal touchstone for Veronica or for the audience", but found the pace pick[ed] up considerably in the final episodes". The reviewer called Bell's performance "Emmy-worthy", showing "an amazing amount of different emotions throughout the season, while maintaining Veronica's trademark wit and cleverness".[8]

text: Jeff Swindoll of Monsters and Critics found that the focus was less on Veronica than in the first season. Swindoll wrote that although the ongoing bus crash mystery lacked the personal touch of season one, other characters were given more screen time and the narrative was still interesting and enjoyable.[13] Reviewers for UGO Networks declared the second season "much more captivating than its freshman predecessor".[14] Despite the positive reviews, numerous critics were frustrated with the complexity of the second season. Entertainment Weekly thought that the season contained "way-too-ancillary characters and red-herring subplots so extraneous that even the most ardent followers needed a Wikipedic memory to keep track of things".[12] Robert Bianco of USA Today felt that the season was "lost in an overly complex plot".[15]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The second season was nominated for nine awards, winning two. Kristen Bell and Enrico Colantoni were awarded with the Family Television Award for Favorite Father/Daughter.[16] The series was nominated for the International Cinematographers Guild Publicists Award for The Maxwell Weinberg Publicist Showmanship Award for Television,[17] and the Saturn Award for Best Network Television Series.[18] Kristen Bell won the Saturn Award for Best Television Actress,[19] was nominated for the Satellite Award for Actress in a Drama Series,[20] and the Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actress: Drama/Action Adventure.[21] Percy Daggs III and Enrico Colantoni were respectively nominated for the Teen Choice Awards for Choice TV Sidekick and Choice TV Parental Unit.[22] Rob Thomas was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Episodic Drama for his work on "Normal Is the Watchword".[23]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: The second season was released in the US under the title Veronica Mars: The Complete Second Season as a widescreen six-disc Region 1 DVD box set on August 22, 2006,[24] Region 2 on August 15, 2008,[25] and Region 4 on September 8, 2008.[26] In addition to all of the aired episodes, DVD extras included a gag reel, a promo trailer for the third season, deleted and additional scenes, including an alternate ending to "My Mother, the Fiend", and two featurettes: "A Day on the Set with Veronica Mars" and "Veronica Mars: Not Your Average Teen Detective".[8] IGN's Goldman was displeased with the minimal amount of extras, and criticized the crew for the lack of commentaries. The reviewer felt that although the DVD was worth the episodes alone, the few extras made the set a disappointment.[8] Contrastingly, reviewers for UGO Networks wrote that the DVD box set was as engaging as the season's episodes.[14]

text: The CTV Television Network, which began airing the first season in Canada in May 2005,[27][28] decided not to pick up the second season. Instead, Sun TV began broadcasting the season on July 18, 2006.[29] Living began airing the second season in the United Kingdom on June 8, 2006,[30] airing one episode per week rather than showing one every night as they did in the first season.[31] Despite "underwhelming" ratings, Living picked up the series' third season.[32] Network Ten broadcast the second season in Australia on Fridays in 2007.[33]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: The season begins with Veronica's life returning to the way it was before Lilly's death: having broken up with Logan during the summer, she reunites with Duncan and is somewhat accepted by the 09ers. However, her tough personality and work as a private investigator keep her from being truly assimilated back into the rich crowd. 09ers Dick and Cassidy are abandoned by their father, who flees the country while under investigation for real estate fraud. The brothers are forced to deal with their stepmother, Kendall (Charisma Carpenter), who is only interested in their father's money. Wallace discovers that his biological father is alive and takes a romantic interest in Jackie.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

23
1
"Normal Is the Watchword"
John Kretchmer
Rob Thomas
September 28, 2005 (2005-09-28)
2T7201
3.29[3]

After breaking up with Logan during the summer and resuming dating Duncan, Veronica tries to rebuild a normal life. When several athletes—including Wallace and Meg—fail their drug tests, Veronica uncovers who faked the results. Logan is accused of murdering PCH biker gang member Felix Toombs, however the charges are dropped because of a lack of evidence. While on a school tour of the home ground of the professional baseball team Neptune Sharks, Veronica meets Woody Goodman, the team's owner. Veronica is thrust into a larger mystery when the school bus that she had just missed mysteriously plunges off a cliff into the Pacific Ocean.

24
2
"Driver Ed"
Nick Marck
Diane Ruggiero
October 5, 2005 (2005-10-05)
2T7202
2.73[34]

Veronica discovers that Meg is the only survivor from the bus crash, but is in a coma. When the bus driver is blamed for the crash, his daughter Jessie asks Veronica to clear his name. Wallace meets the new rich girl Jackie Cook, and tries to impress her. Woody is running for the position of Balboa County Supervisor, more commonly known as the "Mayor of Neptune". He asks Keith to run for Sheriff, and Keith accepts after seeing Sheriff Lamb's investigation of the bus crash case. Kevin Smith guest stars as Duane Anders.

25
3
"Cheatty Cheatty Bang Bang"
John Kretchmer
Phil Klemmer & John Enbom
October 12, 2005 (2005-10-12)
2T7203
3.03[35]

Cassidy hires Veronica to prove that his stepmother, Kendall, is cheating on his father Richard. During the investigation, Veronica discovers that Richard is stealing money entrusted to his real estate company. She decides to go expose Richard's crime, which forces him to flee the country before the SEC can arrest him. Keith and Alicia, Wallace's mother, spend the weekend in Chicago, where Alicia runs into a man from her past.

26
4
"Green-Eyed Monster"
Jason Bloom
Dayna Lynne North
October 19, 2005 (2005-10-19)
2T7204
3.05[36]

Veronica investigates a woman's fiancé, but finds that the only secret he has been concealing is that he is independently wealthy. Meg's sister asks Duncan to help retrieve information from Meg's laptop before her parents find it. The man who Alicia met in Chicago comes to Neptune, and Keith finds out that he is Alicia's former husband and Wallace's father.

27
5
"Blast from the Past"
Harry Winer
Phil Klemmer & Cathy Belben
October 26, 2005 (2005-10-26)
2T7205
3.58[37]

Wallace confronts his mother about his father, Nathan Woods. Wallace confides in Veronica, but she is preoccupied with the crash and helping Jackie find out who stole her credit card. Wallace decides to leave with his father for Chicago. Veronica learns that Terrence Cook, Jackie's father, has a large gambling debt. Terrence tells Veronica that he is being blackmailed by Sheriff Lamb, who has threatened to reveal Terrence's address to the men he owes money to. Veronica later finds a voice mail message left by a student on the bus, which suggests that an explosion immediately preceded the crash. When she plays the message for Keith, he gives it to Sheriff Lamb rather than revealing it to the public.

28
6
"Rat Saw God"
Kevin Bray
John Enbom & Phil Klemmer
November 9, 2005 (2005-11-09)
2T7206
3.07[38]

Keith loses the election for Sheriff to Lamb, and Logan is arrested for Felix's murder after a witness testifies that Logan was on the bridge. Abel Koontz reappears and asks Veronica to track down his daughter Amelia so he can see her before he dies. Keith breaks into the area where the bus is kept and finds a rat taped under one of the seats. Joss Whedon guest stars as a rental car supervisor.

29
7
"Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner"
Nick Marck
Diane Ruggiero
November 16, 2005 (2005-11-16)
2T7207
2.94[39]

When Duncan learns from Meg's emails that she had been babysitting an abused child, Veronica takes on a series of babysitting jobs to help Duncan try to find the victim. Logan asks Veronica to prove that the witness to Felix's murder, Dr. Tom Griffith, is lying and that he was not on the bridge the night of the killing. Woody wins the election and is named the Balboa County Supervisor. He tells Keith of his plan to incorporate the wealthy part of Neptune, which would widen the gap between the rich and the poor. Woody promises Keith that if his plan for incorporation passes, he will make Keith the Chief of Police.

30
8
"Ahoy, Mateys!"
Steve Gomer
John Enbom & Cathy Belben
November 23, 2005 (2005-11-23)
2T7208
2.50[40]

Veronica and Keith try to uncover who is tormenting the Oliveres family, whose son Marcos died in the crash. Veronica learns that the witness who saw Logan on the bridge, Dr. Griffith, has ties to the "Fighting Fitzpatricks", a Neptune crime family. Thumper, one of the PCHers, tells Weevil that the last people on the bridge with Felix were Hector and Bootsy.

31
9
"My Mother, the Fiend"
Nick Marck
Phil Klemmer & Dayna Lynne North
November 30, 2005 (2005-11-30)
2T7209
2.82[41]

After reading her mother's high school permanent record, Veronica investigates her mother's suspension for spreading "malicious lies" and a possible relation to Neptune High's deaf cafeteria lady. Weevil tells Logan that he no longer believes that Logan killed Felix, and they agree to work together in secret while publicly continuing their feud. Cassidy uses his trust fund money to start a real estate holding company, Phoenix Land Trust, with Kendall as the figurehead CEO. Veronica surreptitiously visits Meg in the hospital and discovers her still comatose and visibly pregnant.

32
10
"One Angry Veronica"
John Kretchmer
Russell Smith
December 7, 2005 (2005-12-07)
2T7210
3.42[42]

Veronica is selected to be a juror for a case between two 09er boys and a poor Hispanic woman, and Keith investigates the disappearance of sex tapes from the evidence locker in the police station. Meg awakes from her coma and tells Veronica that she does not want her parents to receive custody of her baby. She apologizes to Veronica for her attitude towards her after Duncan dumped her, and although she dies shortly afterwards, her baby survives. Wallace returns from Chicago.

33
11
"Donut Run"
Rob Thomas
Rob Thomas
January 25, 2006 (2006-01-25)
2T7211
1.62[43]

Veronica helps Duncan, who kidnapped his daughter, escape the country under the noses of Sheriff Lamb and the FBI. Logan and Weevil, working together in secret to avoid the wrath of the PCHers, try to figure out which PCHer is working with the Fitzpatricks. Wallace reveals that he left Chicago because he was in the car when his teammate Rashard Rucker ran over a drunken homeless person in a hit-and-run accident.

34
12
"Rashard and Wallace Go to White Castle"
John Kretchmer
John Enbom
February 1, 2006 (2006-02-01)
2T7212
2.12[44]

When Wallace reveals Rashard's hit-and-run, Rashard and his uncle turn the tables by producing witnesses who will testify that Wallace was the driver. Weevil investigates the Fitzpatricks with Veronica's help, and finds out that it was Thumper who was working with them. However, Thumper organizes a coup against Weevil, and the PCHers beat him and throw his motorcycle into the ocean. Veronica discovers that Woody told his daughter Gia not to ride the school bus the day of the bus crash.

35
13
"Ain't No Magic Mountain High Enough"
Guy Bee
Diane Ruggiero
February 8, 2006 (2006-02-08)
2T7213
2.05[45]

At the winter carnival, the cash box with the money for the senior class trip is stolen and Veronica must find it to clear her name. Logan flirts with Hannah, the sophomore daughter of the bridge witness Dr. Griffith. Terrence is accused by Sheriff Lamb of planting the explosive device on the bus and detonating it with a cell phone. He hires Keith to prove his innocence, and reveals that he is a gambling addict.

36
14
"Versatile Toppings"
Sarah Pia Anderson
Phil Klemmer
March 15, 2006 (2006-03-15)
2T7214
2.73[46]

Veronica is hired to capture two criminals; a person stealing from pizza boys and another who blackmails gay students at Neptune High. Logan uses his relationship with Hannah to put pressure on her father to drop his testimony against Logan. Keith finds out that Terrence was at a casino at the time of the bus crash, and could not have used his cell phone. Keith uses this information as an alibi and Terrence is released, but Lamb refuses to drop the charges. Veronica finds explosives and detonators in the garage where Terrence keeps his cars.

37
15
"The Quick and the Wed"
Rick Rosenthal
John Serge
March 22, 2006 (2006-03-22)
2T7215
2.34[47]

Veronica must find a missing bride-to-be who disappeared after her bachelorette party. Dr. Griffith agrees to drop his testimony after Logan stops seeing Hannah. Sheriff Lamb issues a warrant for Terrance's arrest, charging him with eight counts of murder. Kendall visits Aaron in prison, and she asks him to invest in Phoenix Land Trust. Aaron agrees to give her money if she can retrieve some of Duncan's hair.

38
16
"The Rapes of Graff"
Michael Fields
John Enbom
March 29, 2006 (2006-03-29)
2T7216
2.15[48]

On a visit to Hearst College, Veronica runs into ex-boyfriend and drug dealer Troy Vandergraff, who claims to have reformed from his old life. The very next day, Troy is charged with a brutal date-rape and asks Veronica to help prove his innocence. Despite achieving his goals through the relationship, Logan feels guilty for hurting Hannah.

39
17
"Plan B"
John Kretchmer
Dayna Lynne North
April 5, 2006 (2006-04-05)
2T7217
2.85[49]

Weevil, Veronica and Logan try to prove that Thumper killed Felix. Woody receives a video of the inside of his own home, and asks Keith to investigate. When they discover it was filmed months before Woody announced his controversial incorporation plan, he asks Keith to stop searching for the stalker. Veronica and Logan contact the real caller from the bridge, and Veronica convinces him to tell Sheriff Lamb what he saw on the bridge. Weevil believes that the Fitzpatricks ordered Felix's murder because they found out about his relationship with Molly Fitzpatrick, and that Thumper was the one who killed him.

40
18
"I Am God"
Martha Mitchell
Diane Ruggiero & Cathy Belben
April 11, 2006 (2006-04-11)
2T7218
1.76[50]

The victims of the bus crash and a mysterious phrase haunt Veronica's dreams as she continues to search for the person responsible for the crash. Veronica finds out that Meg's parents had been trying to set her up with a Neptune High janitor named Tommy "Lucky" Dohanic. Keith discovers that the family of a bus crash victim won two million dollars from a secret settlement with Woody. Richard took out an insurance policy on his sons a few days after his marriage to Kendall, which makes them worth more dead than they are alive.

41
19
"Nevermind the Buttocks"
Jason Bloom
Phil Klemmer
April 18, 2006 (2006-04-18)
2T7219
1.91[51]

Veronica tries to discover who is responsible for a hit-and-run that killed a classmate's dog. Veronica and Keith find out that Kendall was Cormac Fitzpatrick's partner-in-crime, and that if Cassidy and Dick die simultaneously, she stands to receive more than ten million dollars. Desperate to be free of the brutal Fitzpatricks, the PCHers come to Weevil for help. Construction workers find one of Aaron Echolls' Oscars buried on Kane property, covered with Lilly's blood and Duncan's hair.

42
20
"Look Who's Stalking"
Michael Fields
John Enbom
April 25, 2006 (2006-04-25)
2T7220
1.85[52]

Gia asks Veronica to discover who is stalking her after she receives a video of her brother's soccer game, which is similar to the one received by Woody. The video turns out to be from Lucky, the janitor at Neptune High who used to be the batboy for the Neptune Sharks. Although he is arrested, his bail is paid by the Mannings. Woody enlists Keith to help cover up an unconscious hooker that was in a hotel room with him.

43
21
"Happy Go Lucky"
Steve Gomer
Diane Ruggiero
May 2, 2006 (2006-05-02)
2T7221
2.09[53]

Aaron finally goes to trial for his crimes, and Veronica and Logan are the key witnesses. Keith and Veronica discover that Woody molested two boys who died in the bus crash. Jackie's father Terrence is cleared as a suspect, but must work off his casino debt. Lucky shows up at Neptune High and threatens Gia Goodman, and is killed by security. Sheriff Lamb tries to arrest Goodman, and Aaron is acquitted at his trial.

44
22
"Not Pictured"
John Kretchmer
Story by: Rob Thomas
Teleplay by: Rob Thomas & John Enbom
May 9, 2006 (2006-05-09)
2T7222
2.42[4]

It is Graduation Day for Veronica and her classmates, but Sheriff Lamb arrests Weevil during the ceremony for his involvement in Thumper's murder. Veronica continues to seek Woody's third victim, who she identifies as the bus bomber and a Neptune High student. Keith searches for Woody himself with the help of Vinnie Van Lowe. Aaron is assassinated by Clarence Wiedman, on orders from Duncan, who is shown relaxing on a beach in Australia. Veronica and Logan resume their romantic relationship.


document_title: List of women's One Day International cricket records

question_text: highest score in women's odi cricket player

question_tokens: highest score in women 's odi cricket player

text: Team records[edit]

text: Team wins, losses, and ties[edit]

text: Most wins[edit]

text: Teams are sorted by most wins, then most matches, then by alphabetical order.

text:
Ranking
Team
Span
Matches
Won
Lost
Tied
NR
 %Win*

1
 Australia
1973–2017
308
238
62
2
6
79.13

2
 England
1973–2017
320
188
120
2
10
60.96

3
 New Zealand
1973–2017
317
160
149
2
6
51.76

4
 India
1978–2017
247
136
106
1
4
56.17

5
 South Africa
1997–2017
170
82
79
2
7
50.90

6
 West Indies
1979–2017
156
74
77
1
4
49.01

7
 Sri Lanka
1997–2017
149
55
89
0
5
38.19

8
 Pakistan
1997–2017
144
40
102
0
2
28.16

9
 Ireland
1987–2017
145
39
100
0
6
28.05

10
 Netherlands
1984–2011
101
19
81
0
1
19.00

11
 Bangladesh
2011–2017
30
7
21
0
2
25.00

12
 Denmark
1989–1999
33
6
27
0
0
18.18

13
International XI
1973–1982
18
3
14
0
1
17.64

14
 Trinidad and Tobago
1973-1973
6
2
4
0
0
33.33

15
 Scotland
2001–2003
8
1
7
0
0
12.50

16
Young England
1973-1973
6
1
5
0
0
16.66

17
 Jamaica
1973-1973
5
1
4
0
0
20.00

18
 Japan
2003-2003
5
0
5
0
0
0.00

text: Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 21 July 2017.

text: * The percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.

text: Most consecutive wins[edit]

text:
Rank
Wins
Team
Period

1
17
 Australia
12 December 1997 to 7 February 1999

2
16
 Australia
25 February 1999 to 18 December 2000

16
 India
7 February 2016 to 17 May 2017

4
13
 England
19 July 1989 to 20 July 1991

5
12
 Australia
1 January 1978 to 30 January 1982

12
 Sri Lanka
20 January 2002 to 23 March 2003

12
 Australia
3 March 2002 to 17 February 2004

Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 27 June 2017.

text: Most consecutive defeats[edit]

text:
Rank
Defeats
Team
Period

1
22
 Netherlands
19 August 2005 to 26 April 2011

2
20
 Netherlands
26 July 1998 to 14 April 2001

3
19
 Sri Lanka
18 May 2015 to 7 February 2017

4
15
 Pakistan
28 January 1997 to 1 August 2000

15
 Pakistan
29 March 2004 to 26 January 2007

Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 27 June 2017.

text: Team scoring records[edit]

text: Highest innings totals[edit]

text:
Rank
Score
Teams
Venue
Season

1
455–5 (50 overs)
 New Zealand v Pakistan
Christchurch
1997–1998

2
412–3 (50 overs)
 Australia v Denmark
Mumbai
1997–1998

3
397–4 (50 overs)
 Australia v Pakistan
Melbourne
1996–1997

4
378–5 (50 overs)
 England v Pakistan
Worcester
2016

5
377–7 (50 overs)
 England v Pakistan
Leicester
2017

Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 27 June 2017.

text: Highest match aggregate[edit]

text:
Rank
Score
Teams
Venue
Season

1
678–14 (100 overs)
 England v  South Africa
Bristol
2017

2
577–12 (96.4 overs)
 Australia v  New Zealand
Sydney
2012–13

3
570–14 (98.0 overs)
 New Zealand v  Australia
Hamilton
2008–09

4
563–16 (98.2 overs)
 England v  New Zealand
Chennai
2006–07

5
551–15 (97.5 overs)
 New Zealand v  Australia
Auckland
2016–17

Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated: 5 July 2017.

text: Largest successful run chases[edit]

text:
Rank
Score
Teams
Venue
Season

1
289–6 (46.4 overs)
 Australia v  New Zealand
Sydney
2012–13

2
276–5 (49.1 overs)
 New Zealand v  Australia
Auckland
2016–17

3
273–5 (49.2 overs)
 Australia v  New Zealand
Mount Maunganui
2016–17

4
269–4 (46.4 overs)
 Australia v  England
Chennai
2006–07

269–6 (49.3 overs)
 Australia v  England
Hobart
2013–14

Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 27 June 2017

text: Lowest team totals[edit]

text:
Rank
Score
Teams
Venue
Season

1
22 (23.4 overs)
 Netherlands v West Indies
Deventer
2008

2
23 (24.1 overs)
 Pakistan v Australia
Melbourne
1996–97

3
24 (21.3 overs)
 Scotland v England
Reading
2001

4
26 (19.1 overs)
 India v New Zealand
St Saviour
2002

5
27 (13.4 overs)
 Pakistan v Australia
Hyderabad (Deccan)
1997–98

Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 27 June 2017.

text: Individual records[edit]

text: This section shows individual players records. All players still available for selection on international matches appear in bold.

text: Batting[edit]

text: Most career runs[edit]

text:
Runs
Player
Innings
Average
ODI Career Span

6,190
Mithali Raj
167
51.58
1999–present

5,992
Charlotte Edwards
180
38.16
1997–2016

4,844
Belinda Clark
114
47.49
1991–2005

4,814
Karen Rolton
132
48.14
1995–2009

4,101
Claire Taylor
120
40.20
1998–2011

Source:Cricinfo. Last updated: 15 July 2017.

text: Highest career average[edit]

text:
Batting average
Player
Innings
Career Runs
ODI Career Span

58.45
Rachael Heyhoe-Flint
20
643
1973–1982

57.44
Lindsay Reeler
23
1,034
1984–1988

55.53
Meg Lanning
62
2,999
2011–present

53.40
Bronwyn Calver
21
534
1991–1998

51.58
Mithali Raj
167
6,190
1999–present

Qualification: Minimum of 20 innings.
Source:Cricinfo. Last updated: 15 July 2017

text: Most career centuries[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Team
100's
Innings

1
Meg Lanning
 Australia
11
62

2
Charlotte Edwards
 England
9
180

3
Suzie Bates
 New Zealand
8
99

Claire Taylor
 England
8
120

Karen Rolton
 Australia
8
132

6
Amy Satterthwaite
 New Zealand
6
95

Mithali Raj
 India
6
167

8
Jan Brittin
 England
5
59

Sarah Taylor
 England
5
101

Stafanie Taylor
 West Indies
5
104

Belinda Clark
 Australia
5
114

text: Most career fifties[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Team
50+
50's
100's
Innings

1
Mithali Raj
 India
55
49
6
159

Charlotte Edwards
 England
55
46
9
180

3
Karen Rolton
 Australia
41
33
8
132

4
Debbie Hockley
 New Zealand
38
34
4
115

5
Belinda Clark
 Australia
35
30
5
114

6
Stafanie Taylor
 West Indies
31
26
5
98

7
Claire Taylor
 England
31
23
8
120

8
Suzie Bates
 New Zealand
30
22
8
95

9
Alex Blackwell
 Australia
26
23
3
116

10
Lisa Keightley
 Australia
25
21
4
78

text: Highest individual score[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Runs
Team
Opponent
Date

1
Belinda Clark
229*
 Australia
 Denmark
16 December 1998

2
Deepti Sharma
188
 India
 Ireland
15 May 2017

3
Chamari Atapattu
178
 Sri Lanka
 Australia
29 June 2017

4
Charlotte Edwards
173*
 England
 Ireland
16 December 1997

5
Harmanpreet Kaur
171*
 India
 Australia
20 July 2017

Stafanie Taylor
171
 West Indies
 Sri Lanka
3 February 2013

7
Tammy Beaumont
168*
 England
 Pakistan
27 June 2016

Suzie Bates
168
 New Zealand
 Pakistan
19 March 2009

9
Rachel Priest
157
 New Zealand
 Sri Lanka
7 November 2015

10
Lisa Keightley
156*
 Australia
 Pakistan
7 February 1997

Claire Taylor
156*
 England
 India
14 August 2006

text: Source Cricinfo.com – Updated 20 July 2017

text: Most runs in a calendar year[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Team
Runs
Year

1
Belinda Clark
 Australia
970
1997

2
Debbie Hockley
 New Zealand
880
1997

3
Amy Satterthwaite
 New Zealand
853
2016

4
Belinda Clark
 Australia
842
2000

5
Claire Taylor
 England
807
2005

6
Meg Lanning
 Australia
761
2016

7
Ellyse Perry
 Australia
732
2016

8
Emily Drumm
 New Zealand
722
2000

9
Stafanie Taylor
 West Indies
707
2013

10
Mithali Raj
 India
684
2006

text: Bowling[edit]

text: Best figures in a match[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Figures
(wickets – runs)
Team
Opposition
Date

1
Sajjida Shah
7–4
 Pakistan
 Japan
21 July 2003

2
Jo Chamberlain
7–8
 England
 Denmark
19 July 1991

3
Anisa Mohammed
7–14
 West Indies
 Pakistan
26 November 2011

4
Shelley Nitschke
7–24
 Australia
 England
19 August 2005

5
Jackie Lord
6–10
 New Zealand
 India
14 January 1982

Mamatha Maben
6–10
 India
 Sri Lanka
25 April 2004

Shabnim Ismail
6–10
 South Africa
 Netherlands
18 November 2011

8
Glenys Page
6-20
 New Zealand
 Trinidad and Tobago
23 June 1973

Deepti Sharma
6–20
 India
 Sri Lanka
19 February 2016

10
Jhulan Goswami
6–31
 India
 New Zealand
5 July 2011

text: Source Cricinfo.com – Updated 27 June 2017

text: Most career wickets[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Team
Wickets
Average
Best
(wickets-runs)
5w

1
Jhulan Goswami
 India
200
21.95
6–31
2

2
Cathryn Fitzpatrick
 Australia
180
16.79
5–14
4

3
Lisa Sthalekar
 Australia
146
24.97
5–35
1

4
Neetu David
 India
141
16.34
5–20
2

5
Anisa Mohammed
 West Indies
136
18.72
7–14
5

6
Jenny Gunn
 England
123
27.99
5–22
2

7
Katherine Brunt
 England
120
22.28
5–18
4

8
Stafanie Taylor
 West Indies
116
18.73
4–17
0

Ellyse Perry
 Australia
116
24.12
5–19
2

10
Dane van Niekerk
 South Africa
120
17.66
5–17
2

Shashikala Siriwardene
 Sri Lanka
106
25.20
4–11
0

text: Most wickets in a calendar year[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Team
Wickets
Year

1
Anisa Mohammed
 West Indies
37
2011

Suné Luus
 South Africa
37
2016

3
Charmaine Mason
 Australia
36
2000

4
Neetu David
 India
33
2005

Neetu David
 India
33
2004

6
Stefanie Taylor
 West Indies
32
2013

7
Dane van Niekerk
 South Africa
28
2013

Clare Taylor
 England
28
2000

9
Laura Marsh
 England
26
2009

Rachel Pullar
 New Zealand
26
2000

text: Fielding records[edit]

text: Most dismissals by a wicketkeeper in ODI career[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Team
Dismissals
Catches
Stumpings

1
Trisha Chetty
 South Africa
135
93
42

2
Rebecca Rolls
 New Zealand
133
89
44

3
Jane Smit
 England
114
69
45

4
Sarah Taylor
 England
113
73
40

5
Julia Price
 Australia
99
69
30

6
Batool Fatima
 Pakistan
97
51
46

7
Merissa Aguilleira
 West Indies
87
67
20

8
Rachel Priest
 New Zealand
86
67
19

9
Anju Jain
 India
81
30
51

10
Jodie Fields
 Australia
74
55
19

text: Most catches by a fielder in ODI career[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Team
Catches
Innings

1
Jhulan Goswami
 India
59
162

2
Alex Blackwell
 Australia
54
141

3
Suzie Bates
 New Zealand
52
98

Lydia Greenway
 England
52
123

Charlotte Edwards
 England
52
187

6
Stafanie Taylor
 West Indies
49
99

Lisa Sthalekar
 Australia
49
125

8
Jenny Gunn
 England
47
135

10
Belinda Clark
 Australia
45
117

Mithali Raj
 India
45
186

text: Source Cricinfo.com – Last updated 20 July 2017

text: Most matches played[edit]

text:
Position
Name
Team
Matches

1
Charlotte Edwards
 England
191

2
Mithali Raj
 India
186

3
Jhulan Goswami
 India
158

4
Karen Rolton
 Australia
141

5
Alex Blackwell
 Australia
134

Sara McGlashan
 New Zealand
134

7
Jenny Gunn
 England
133

8
Anjum Chopra
 India
127

9
Lydia Greenway
 England
126

Claire Taylor
 England
126

text: Source Cricinfo.com – Last updated 27 June 2017<

text: Partnerships records[edit]

text: Highest wicket partnerships by wicket[edit]

text:
Wicket
Runs
Team
Partners
Opposition
Date

1st.
320
 India
Poonam Raut & Deepti Sharma
 Ireland
15 May 2017

2nd.
275
 England
Tammy Beaumont & Sarah Taylor
 South Africa
5 July 2017

3rd.
244
 Australia
Karen Rolton & Lisa Sthalekar
 Ireland
31 July 2005

4th.
224*
 South Africa
Johmari Logtenberg & Mignon du Preez
 Netherlands
5 August 2007

5th.
188*
 England
Claire Taylor & Jane Smit
 Sri Lanka
12 December 2000

6th.
142
 South Africa
Suné Luus & Chloe Tryon
 Ireland
5 August 2016

7th.
104*
 New Zealand
Sarah Tsukigawa & Nicola Browne
 England
23 February 2007

104
 England
Natalie Sciver & Danielle Hazell
 Sri Lanka
17 November 2016

8th.
85*
 England
Sarah Clarke & Nicky Shaw
 Scotland
10 August 2001

9th.
73
 England
Lynsey Askew & Isa Guha
 New Zealand
3 March 2007

10th.
76
 Australia
Alex Blackwell & Kristen Beams
 India
20 July 2017


document_title: Petrol engine

question_text: who developed a machine which could be run by petrol

text: Petrol engine

text: History[edit]

text: The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nikolaus August Otto, although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir, Siegfried Marcus, Julius Hock and George Brayton.[1] The first petrol combustion engine (one cylinder, 121.6 cm3 displacement) was prototyped in 1882 in Italy by Enrico Bernardi. British engineer Edward Butler constructed the first petrol (gasoline) internal combustion engine. Butler invented the spark plug, ignition magneto, coil ignition and spray jet carburetor, and was the first to use the word petrol.[2]

text: Compression ratio[edit]

text: With both air and fuel in a closed cylinder, compressing the mixture too much poses the danger of auto-ignition — or behaving like a diesel engine. Because of the difference in burn rates between the two different fuels, petrol engines are mechanically designed with different timing than diesels, so to auto-ignite a petrol engine causes the expansion of gas inside the cylinder to reach its greatest point before the cylinder has reached the "top dead center" (T.D.C) position. Spark plugs are typically set statically or at idle at a minimum of 10 degrees or so of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches T.D.C, but at much higher values at higher engine speeds to allow time for the fuel-air charge to substantially complete combustion before too much expansion has occurred - gas expansion occurring with the piston moving down in the power stroke. Higher octane petrol burns slower, therefore it has a lower propensity to auto-ignite and its rate of expansion is lower. Thus, engines designed to run high-octane fuel exclusively can achieve higher compression ratios.

text: Most modern automobile petrol engines generally have a compression ratio of 10.0:1 to 13.5:1.[3] Engines with a knock sensor can and usually have C.R higher than 11.1:1 and approaches 14.0:1 (for high octane fuel and usually with direct fuel injection) and engines without a knock sensor generally have C.R of 8.0:1 to 10.5:1.[4][5]

text: Speed and efficiency[edit]

text: Petrol engines run at higher rotation speeds than diesels, partially due to their lighter pistons, connecting rods and crankshaft (a design efficiency made possible by lower compression ratios) and due to petrol burning more quickly than diesel.

text: Because pistons in petrol engines tend to have much shorter strokes than pistons in diesel engines, typically it takes less time for a piston in a petrol engine to complete its stroke than a piston in a diesel engine. However the lower compression ratios of petrol engines give petrol engines lower efficiency than diesel engines.

text: Typically, most petrol engines have approximately 20%(avg.) thermal efficiency, which is nearly half of diesel engines. However some newer engines are reported to be much more efficient(thermal efficiency up to 38%) than previous spark-ignition engines.[6]

text: Applications[edit]

text: Current[edit]

text: Petrol engines have many applications, including:

text:
Automobiles
Motorcycles
Aircraft
Motorboats
Small engines, such as lawn mowers, chainsaws and portable engine-generators

text: Historical[edit]

text: Before the use of diesel engines became widespread, petrol engines were used in buses, lorries (trucks) and a few railway locomotives. Examples:

text:
Bedford OB bus
Bedford M series lorry
GE 57-ton gas-electric boxcab locomotive

text: Design[edit]

text: Working cycles[edit]

text: Petrol engines may run on the four-stroke cycle or the two-stroke cycle. For details of working cycles see:

text:
Four-stroke cycle
Two-stroke cycle
Wankel engine

text: Cylinder arrangement[edit]

text: Common cylinder arrangements are from 1 to 6 cylinders in-line or from 2 to 16 cylinders in V-formation. Flat engines – like a V design flattened out – are common in small airplanes and motorcycles and were a hallmark of Volkswagen automobiles into the 1990s. Flat 6s are still used in many modern Porsches, as well as Subarus. Many flat engines are air-cooled. Less common, but notable in vehicles designed for high speeds is the W formation, similar to having 2 V engines side by side. Alternatives include rotary and radial engines the latter typically have 7 or 9 cylinders in a single ring, or 10 or 14 cylinders in two rings.

text: Cooling[edit]

text: Petrol engines may be air-cooled, with fins (to increase the surface area on the cylinders and cylinder head); or liquid-cooled, by a water jacket and radiator. The coolant was formerly water, but is now usually a mixture of water and either ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. These mixtures have lower freezing points and higher boiling points than pure water and also prevent corrosion, with modern antifreezes also containing lubricants and other additives to protect water pump seals and bearings. The cooling system is usually slightly pressurized to further raise the boiling point of the coolant.

text: Ignition[edit]

text: Petrol engines use spark ignition and high voltage current for the spark may be provided by a magneto or an ignition coil. In modern car engines the ignition timing is managed by an electronic Engine Control Unit.

text: Power measurement[edit]

text: The most common way of engine rating is what is known as the brake power, measured at the flywheel, and given in kilowatts (metric) or horsepower (Imperial/USA). This is the actual mechanical power output of the engine in a usable and complete form. The term "brake" comes from the use of a brake in a dynamometer test to load the engine. For accuracy, it is important to understand what is meant by usable and complete. For example, for a car engine, apart from friction and thermodynamic losses inside the engine, power is absorbed by the water pump, alternator, and radiator fan, thus reducing the power available at the flywheel to move the car along. Power is also absorbed by the power steering pump and air conditioner (if fitted), but these are not installed for a power output test or calculation. Power output varies slightly according to the energy value of the fuel, the ambient air temperature and humidity, and the altitude. Therefore, there are agreed standards in the USA and Europe on the fuel to use when testing, and engines are rated at 25 ⁰C (Europe), and 64 ⁰F (USA)[7] at sea level, 50% humidity. Marine engines, as supplied, usually have no radiator fan, and often no alternator. In such cases the quoted power rating does not allow for losses in the radiator fan and alternator. The SAE in USA, and the ISO in Europe publish standards on exact procedures, and how to apply corrections for deviating conditions like high altitude.

text: Car testers are most familiar with the chassis dynamometer or "rolling road" installed in many workshops. This measures drive wheel brake horsepower, which is generally 15-20% less than the brake horsepower measured at the crankshaft or flywheel on an engine dynamometer. A YouTube video shows workshop measurement of a car's power. The measured power curve in kW is shown at 3:39.


document_title: Pork tenderloin

question_text: what part of the pig is pork tenderloin

question_tokens: what part of the pig is pork tenderloin

text: Pork tenderloin

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The pork tenderloin, also called pork fillet, is a long thin cut of pork.

text: As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle along the central spine portion, ventral to the lumbar vertebrae. This is the most tender part of the animal, because these muscles are used for posture, rather than locomotion.

text: American products and uses[edit]

text: In some countries, such as the US and The Netherlands ('varkenshaas'), pork tenderloin can be bought as a processed product, already flavored with a marinade. A common American dish is a pork tenderloin sandwich (also called simply a "tenderloin") – a very thinly sliced piece of pork, usually the larger, tougher loineye (longissimus) muscle, uniquely battered and breaded, which is deep fried and served in a hamburger bun, usually with garnishes such as mustard, ketchup, pickle and onions. This sandwich is generally sold in the US Midwest, especially in the state of Indiana. In the southern states, tenderloin is often prepared as a breakfast biscuit, usually with egg or cheese. It is quite common for pork tenderloin to be used as an alternative to beef tenderloin (usually called beef fillet in the UK), as it can be just as tender but costs significantly less.

text: Alton Brown's television show Good Eats includes an episode about pork tenderloin, "Tender is the Pork".