document_title: Wonder (Palacio novel)

question_text: what was the name of the school in wonder

text: Wonder (Palacio novel)

text: Plot[edit]

text: August Pullman is a homeschooled fifth-grader living in North River Heights in Upper Manhattan with his parents. He has a medical condition, often equated with Treacher Collins syndrome, which has left his face disfigured. Due to his condition, August has been homeschooled by his mother; however, wanting him to experience a larger world, his parents enroll him into Beecher Middle School for the start of fifth grade. August has a sister, Olivia, who is older than him often puts her brother's needs before her own.

text: On his first day of school, August tries not to draw attention to himself. His efforts are in vain, and Julian, the student whom the principal has asked to help August at school, immediately bullies him for his appearance, comparing him to Darth Sidious. August's hopes for the school year are later raised slightly when he forms friendships with classmates Jack and Summer, both of whom defend him from Julian's taunts.

text: The situation comes to a head on Halloween when August, disguised in a costume, overhears Jack joining in with the bullying. As August isolates himself from his classmates and family, his sister Olivia's frustration grows, fueled by years of feeling ignored by her family.

text: Returning to school, August ignores Jack but admits to Summer that he had overheard the incident. Jack, feeling ashamed, punches Julian in the face and is suspended from school. Over the Christmas break, Jack attempts reconciliation with August.

text: As the school year progresses, the bullying August faces become more serious, and extends to Jack as well. Julian manipulates several friends into turning against August and Jack. In addition, Julian's mother voices her concerns over August's attending the school, citing that his appearance may be too much of a burden for the other students to handle.

text: Olivia confides in her mother that she doesn't want August to attend her school play, as she had found comfort in the fact that nobody at her new school knew about her brother's condition. August overhears storms out of the room.

text: When the main actress in Olivia's school play cannot participate, Olivia takes on the role of the female lead. Her family celebrate by taking her out for dinner.

text: At the end of the school year, the students are invited on a three-day school trip to a nature reserve. August is initially concerned about going. However upon hearing that Julian will not be attending, August decides to join his friends on the trip. He has fun until the last night, when he and Jack go to the woods and are attacked by seventh graders who start to beat them, only to be saved by Julian's friends.

text: With the summer vacation fast approaching, August is informed that Julian will not be returning to Beecher Prep for the next grade. The Pullman family get a new puppy, whom they call 'Bear'. At the graduation ceremony, August is awarded the 'Henry Ward Beecher Medal' for being 'notable or exemplary in certain areas throughout the school year'. Incredibly proud of her son, August's mother comments that he is a 'wonder'.

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
August "Auggie" Pullman: The main character. His face is deformed due to a type of "bulofacial dysotosis",[8]:104 along with other facial malformations. He faces many difficulties when he goes into his first year of middle school after being schooled by his parents for many years. In the end, he is able to make new friends and accept himself for who he is.
Olivia "Via" Pullman: August's older sister. She talks about the boy Auggie and the hardships of being a sister of someone who is deformed in Part 2. She truly cares for Auggie and will always defend him. Often, Via feels jealous of the attention Auggie receives because of his deformity. She often scolds herself and feels guilty for feeling this way.
Summer Dawson: One of Auggie's first and best friends. She sits next to him at lunch on the first day of school when no one else would. She doesn't care what the other students think of Auggie and is always very kind to him.
Isabel and Nate Pullman: Auggie and Via's parents. They care deeply about Auggie and Via, but due to Auggie's problems, Via is often unintentionally left out. Isabel and Nate work with Auggie to make sure going to regular school instead of being homeschooled is ultimately his decision.
Jack Will: A tough city boy and August's best friend. Mr. Tushman asked Jack, Charlotte, and Julian to give August a tour of Beecher Prep. At first, Jack did not want to be friends with Auggie because of his facial deformity. He thought it would prevent him from being friends with the "popular kids." He first pretended to be friends with Auggie and was devastated when August found out, but they become friends again. Later, he comes to genuinely appreciate August for who he is.
Julian Albans: He dislikes Auggie and convinces the other students that if they touch him, they will develop "The Plague." He bullied Auggie and told most of the grade to isolate him, and Jack Will for becoming friends with Auggie. At the end of the story, Julian's parents take him out of Beecher, as they say, they don't feel Beecher Prep is an "inclusion school" and they think Auggie shouldn't have been admitted.[8]:162
Justin: Via's boyfriend. He is somewhat shocked by Auggie's appearance but is very kind to him. He has a main part in "Our Town" with Via at their high school. In his part in the book, he doesn't use proper punctuation because he thinks it takes too long to write. He also mentions that he has "tics," especially when he is nervous and describes them as "hard blinks" and "the occasional head pull."[8]:190 This leads the reader to believe that he has a form of Tourette's syndrome. Justin also gets to meet Via's parents.
Charlotte Cody: She is a smart 5th grader and one of August's friends. Despite being nice by waving to Auggie and telling Jack about the "boy war" she never truly is friends with August as she never sits with Auggie or truly sides with Jack.
Edward "Eddie" Johnson: He is a 7th grader who bullies August when he goes to a sleepaway camp.
Mr. Browne: Auggie's first teacher in 5th grade at Beecher Prep school. As he makes precepts for the class to ponder, Auggie marvels at these precepts. Mr. Browne wants to give Auggie a good year at Beecher.
Bear: August and Via's second dog that they got after the camping trip that Auggie went on, as a replacement for Daisy.
Darth Daisy "Daisy": Via and August's first dog, who goes by "Daisy." She was an old dog, and at the end of the book dies. August's family then decides to get a new dog named Bear.
Miranda Navas: Via's friend. Via, Miranda, and Ella were friends. Miranda had recently cut her hair into a bob and dyed it pink, and dressed in a manner that she would have never dressed before. Via is shocked by Miranda's new look, and the two former friends slowly drift apart. Miranda took care of August and thought of him as her own "little brother;" when she went to summer camp immediately previous to the events in the book, Miranda lied and told everyone August was her brother. She was the one who gave him his astronaut helmet he would wear to conceal his face, and they would also sing "Space Oddity" by David Bowie together, and she would call him "Major Tom" after the astronaut in the song.
Mr. Lawrence Tushman: The director of Beecher Prep. He is extremely welcoming and positive towards Auggie throughout the course of the school year. He tries his hardest to make him feel welcome at school. He delivers an important speech at graduation where he says "if every single person in this room made it a rule that wherever you are, whenever you can, you will try to act a little kinder than is necessary - the world would be a better place."[8]:301

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2016)

text: The book received positive reviews from critics.[9][10]

text: The parent resource Common Sense Media gave Wonder four out of five stars, calling it a "Moving, uplifting tale about a disfigured boy with inner beauty".[11]

text: Entertainment Weekly said: “In a wonder of a debut, Palacio has written a crackling page-turner filled with characters you can’t help but root for." New York Times called it, “Rich and memorable…It’s Auggie and the rest of the children who are the real heart of ‘Wonder,’ and Palacio captures the voices of girls and boys, fifth graders, and teenagers, with equal skill.”.

text: Awards[edit]

text: "Wonder" was on The New York Times Best Seller list[12] and was also on the Texas Bluebonnet Award master list.[13] The book was the winner of the 2014 Maine Student Book Award, Vermont's Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children's Book Award, the 2015 Mark Twain Award,[14] Hawaii's 2015 Nene Award,[15] and the Junior Young Reader's Choice Award for 2015.[16] In Illinois, it won both the Bluestem and Caudill Awards in 2014.[17]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: A film adaptation directed by Stephen Chbosky and written by Steve Conrad starring Julia Roberts and Owen Wilson as Isabel and Nate Pullman respectively, and Jacob Tremblay as August Pullman was released on November 17, 2017 by Lionsgate.

text: Related books[edit]

text: Auggie and Me[edit]

text: Auggie and Me is not a sequel but a companion book to Wonder (although "The Julian Chapter" serves as one). It contains three stories, each telling the events of Wonder from different perspectives. The first story, called "The Julian Chapter", is from the point of view of school bully Julian where he explains why he mistreats Auggie and if he will change. The second—called Pluto—focuses on August Pullman's life before Beecher Prep and is set in the point of view of Christopher, Auggie's oldest friend. The third is called Shingaling and is from the point of view of Auggie's classmate, Charlotte who in Wonder is nice but not kind enough to Auggie and focuses on things that were going on between some of the girls in Auggie's year like Ximena Chin, Summer Dawson, and Maya Markowitz.

text: 365 Days of Wonder[edit]

text: In Wonder, Mr. Browne made a precept for every month. 365 Days of Wonder states 365 different precepts collected by Mr. Browne. It also has thoughts and opinions by Mr. Browne after every 'month' in the book.


document_title: Nora Arnezeder

question_text: who plays anna maria in mozart in the jungle

root

text: Nora Arnezeder

text: Life[edit]

text: Nora Arnezeder was born in Paris, France. Her father is Austrian and her mother is of Egyptian and Italian heritage. While she was still in high-school, she studied acting, dancing and singing at the renowned drama school Cours Florent.[2]

tag: p

text: Career[edit]

text: Nora Arnezeder's first major role was in 2008 in Paris 36 (French: Faubourg 36), which was directed by Christophe Barratier and for which she won the Lumières Award[3] as well as the Étoile d'Or award.[3] In this film Nora Arnezeder performed the song "Loin de Paname", which was nominated for Best Original Song at the 82nd Academy Awards.[4] In 2009 she was the face of Guerlain's fragrance "L'Idylle". In 2012 Nora Arnezeder appeared in the film Safe House, with Ryan Reynolds and Denzel Washington. In the same year she appeared in role of Celia in The Words, opposite Bradley Cooper and Ben Barnes. The film was presented at the Sundance Film Festival.[5]

text: Nora Arnezeder also acted in the horror slasher film Maniac alongside Elijah Wood.[6]

text: In 2013 Nora Arnezeder was the leading actress in the internationally praised[7] costume drama Angélique by Ariel Zeitoun.

text: In November 2014 Nora Arnezeder was cast in the CBS series Zoo, based on the novel by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge.[8] Zoo premiered in June 2015.

text: Recently Nora Arnezeder participated in the series Mozart in the Jungle playing Anna Maria, the wife of the main character, Rodrigo (Gael Garcia Bernal). The show won two Golden Globes.[9]

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2007
Les deux mondes
Lyri

2008
Faubourg 36
Douce
first major role

2011
Louis la Chance
Katia (voice)

La croisière
Chloé

2012
What the Day Owes the Night
Émilie
major role

The Words
Celia

Maniac
Anna

Safe House
Ana Moreau

2013
Angélique
Angélique
first lead role

2014
Fiston
Sandra

Mozart in the Jungle
Anna Maria
season 1-2, 4, recurring

2014
Inside Me
Madeleine
short

2015–2016
Zoo
Chloe Tousignant
seasons 1-2

2017
Riviera
Nadia[10]

2018
In the Cloud
Z

2018
Le Musk
Juliet
lead role

tag: table


document_title: Ford Power Stroke engine

question_text: what is the horsepower of a ford 7.3 diesel

text: Ford Power Stroke engine

text: 7.3 Power Stroke[edit]

text:
7.3 Power Stroke

Overview

Manufacturer
Navistar International

Layout

Configuration
V8

Displacement
7.3 L, 444 cu³

Cylinder bore
4.11 in (104 mm)

Piston stroke
4.18 in (106 mm)

Cylinder block alloy
Iron

Cylinder head alloy
Iron

Valvetrain
OHV

Combustion

Fuel type
Diesel

Output

Power output
210-275hp [1]

Torque output
425-525 lb-ft[1]

Dimensions

Dry weight
≈920 lb (417 kg)(Dry)

Chronology

Predecessor
7.3 L IDI

Successor
6.0 Power Stroke

text: The first engine to bear the Power Stroke name, the 7.3L Power Stroke V8 is the Ford version of the Navistar T444E turbo-diesel V8. Introduced in 1994 as the replacement for the 7.3L IDI V8, the Power Stroke/T444E is a completely new engine, with only its bore and stroke dimensions common with its predecessor (resulting in its identical 444 cubic-inch displacement). In line with the IDI diesel, the Power Stroke was offered in one-ton versions of the Ford F-Series/Ford Econoline product ranges.

text: The Power Stroke is an electronically controlled, direct injection engine with a 4.11 in (104 mm) bore and 4.18 in (106 mm) stroke creating a displacement of 444 cu in (7.3 L). It has a 17.5:1 compression ratio, and a dry weight of approximately 920 lb (420 kg). This engine produces up to 250 hp (190 kW) and 505 lb⋅ft (685 N⋅m) of torque in automatic-transmission trucks from the last years of production, and 275 hp (205 kW) and 525 lb⋅ft (712 N⋅m) of torque in manual-transmission trucks. The oil capacity is 15 quarts (14.2 liters). The oil pan holds 12 quarts (11.36 liters) while the top end holds an additional 3 quarts (2.84 liters).

text: The 1994.5 to 1996/97 DI Power stroke has "single shot" HEUI (hydraulically actuated electronic unit injection) fuel injectors and ran a high pressure oil pump (HPOP) to create the necessary oil pressure to fire the fuel injectors. This generation of Power Stroke utilizes an HPOP with a 15° swash plate angle. The 1995-1997 trucks use a cam-driven fuel pump, whereas the 1999-2003 trucks use a frame rail mounted electric fuel pump. The California trucks from 1996 and 1997 have split-shot fuel injectors; other trucks did not get split-shot injectors until 1999. Single-shot injectors only inject one charge of fuel per cycle, whereas the split-shot injector releases a preliminary light load before the main charge to initiate combustion in a more damped manner. This controlled injection helps reduce the sharp combustion 'knock'.

text: It utilizes a single turbocharger with a turbine housing size of 1.15 A/R. In 1999, an air-to-air intercooler was added to cool the charged air from the turbo for increased air density. With the new cooler, denser air would increase the horsepower potential of the engine, while also reducing exhaust gas temperatures (EGT). Eventually, the turbine housing was changed to a .84 A/R and a wastegate was added. With larger injectors, the HPOP output was increased by utilizing a 17° swash plate angle to meet the requirements of the new, higher flowing injectors.

text: The 7.3 L DI Power Stroke was in production until the second quarter of model year 2003 when it was replaced by the 6.0L because of its inability to meet newer emission requirements. Nearly 2 million 7.3s were produced from International's Indianapolis plant.[2]

text: The 7.3 L DI Power Stroke engine is commonly referred to as one of the best engines that International produced.[3]

text: 6.0 Power Stroke[edit]

text: The 7.3 L (444 CID) Power Stroke was replaced by the 6.0 L (365 CID) beginning in the second quarter of the 2003 model year. The 6.0L Power Stroke, was used in Ford Super Duty trucks until the 2007 model year but lasted until 2009 in the Ford Econoline vans (model year 2010) and in the Ford Excursion SUVs until after the 2005 models when Ford discontinued Excursion production. The engine has a 3.74 in (95 mm) bore and 4.13 in (105 mm) stroke creating a displacement of 365 cu in (6.0 L) or 5,954 cc. It utilizes a variable geometry turbocharger and intercooler, producing 325 hp (242 kW) and 570 lb⋅ft (773 N⋅m) torque with an 18:1 compression ratio, with fuel cutoff at 4,200 rpm. Many poorly maintained or modified 6.0 L Power Stroke engines experienced problems,[4]

text: Key specifications[edit]

text:
Fuel injection system: Split-shot HEUI (hydraulic electronic unit injectors)
Valve train: OHV 4-valves per cylinder, 32 valves total (16 intake valves, 16 exhaust valves)
Turbo configuration: Single; variable vane geometry (VGT)

tag: ul

text: Common Issues[edit]

text: Oil Cooler/EGR Cooler - The sources of the main issues with the 6.0L were the in-block oil cooler, and the EGR cooler materials. The oil cooler is located in the valley of the engine block, underneath the cartridge oil filter set up. The sealed outer portion of the oil cooler is submerged in engine oil, with coolant flowing through the center passages. Over time, the oil cooler will develop small cracks in the aluminum tubes from the constant heating and cooling of the engine. This situation usually results in oil pushing its way into the cooling system. The sludge created from the mixture of oil and coolant creates a high pressure environment in the EGR cooler (due to the viscosity change in the coolant), leading to cracking of the EGR cooler's coolant passages. Once the EGR cooler cracks, it begins to leak coolant into the intake system and is then routed into the engine's cylinders to be burnt. The burning of coolant in the cylinders then causes a steam buildup, thus increasing cylinder pressures and the stretching of the head bolts; which leads to head gasket failure. The early EGR coolers (2003-2004.5) were also susceptible to premature failure without oil cooler issues, also resulting in head gasket failure.

text: High Pressure Oil System - With the use of Split-shot HEUI fuel injectors, high pressure oil is required to pressurize the fuel injectors. The main high pressure oil (HPO) system components are; High Pressure Oil Pump (HPOP), HPO manifolds, Stand pipes and branch tube. The HPOP is located in the engine valley at the rear of the engine block. Early build years (2003.5-04.5) are well known for premature HPOP failure. This is due to the poor quality materials used in manufacturing. The HPOP is pressurized by a rotating gear, meshed with a rear camshaft gear. The early model HPOP gears were known to be weak, and develop stress cracks in the teeth resulting in gear failure, thus causing a no start issue for the engine. Early models also had the ICP sensor located on the HPOP cover. The high amount of heat in this location, combined with the exposure to debris in the oil was known to cause ICP sensor failure also resulting in a no start condition. This issue was addressed by Ford with the late 2004 engine update, bringing a new HPOP design, along with relocation of the ICP sensor to the Passenger side valve cover. The newly designed pump is not known for frequent failure, however a new issue arose with the update. In the late model engines, Ford also redesigned the HPO stand pipes and dummy plugs in the HPO manifold, using poor quality o-rings. These o-rings were prone to failure causing a HPO leak, and eventually a no start condition. Ford addressed this concern with updated Viton o-ring washers fixing the issue. With the new HPO system design also came a Snap To Connect (STC) fitting. Some models had issue with the prongs of the STC fitting breaking causing the fitting to lose it's sealing property and again, a no start condition for the engine. Another frequent (but not always catastrophic) issue with the HPO system is the Injection Pressure Regulator (IPR) screen. The IPR screen is located in the engine valley with the oil cooler. The material used was susceptible to failure and neglecting to replace the screen during an oil cooler replacement could lead to the debris being sent through the HPOP causing complete failure.

text: Head Gaskets - Ford/International used four Torque to Yield (TTY) cylinder head bolts per cylinder for the 6.0s and 6.4s. TTY bolts offer some of the most precise clamping force available, but can be problematic. In certain situations (Oil cooler/EGR cooler failure, high boost/load levels brought on by improper use of aftermarket programmers) TTY bolts can be stretched beyond their torque mark by increased cylinder pressures. This has never been addressed by Ford due to the fact that other malfunctions or abuse must occur to stretch the bolts. Some in the aftermarket will replace the factory bolts with head studs in an attempt to protect the head gaskets from future failure. If this is done without addressing the underlying issue, the head gaskets may fail again bringing along a cracked or warped cylinder head. In contrast, the Powerstroke 7.3s and 6.7s have 6 head bolts per cylinder while the IDI 7.3s and 6.9s have five. [5]

text: Electrical and fuel[edit]

text: Numerous PCM recalibrations, fuel injector stiction along with several other driveability and quality control problems have plagued the 6.0. The FICM (fuel injection control module) has been a problem, where low voltage in the vehicle's electrical system due to failing batteries or a low-output alternator can cause damage to the FICM. In addition, the placement of the FICM on top of the engine subjects it to varying and extreme temperatures and vibrations causing solder joints and components to fail in early build models; mostly in the power supply itself. The FICM multiplies the voltage in the fuel injector circuit from 12 to 48-50 volts to fire the injectors. Low voltage can eventually cause damage to the fuel injectors.

text: 6.4 Power Stroke[edit]

text: The 6.4L Power Stroke was introduced for the 2008 model year. Also known as the Slug, the 6.4L Power Stroke was the first engine introduced to the light truck market that utilized dual turbochargers from the factory. This was the first Power Stroke to use a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in order to nearly eliminate particulate emissions. The new DPS and active regeneration system greatly hindered the engine's fuel economy capability, though the engine proved to be comparatively strong and reliable. The engine was ultimately retired after the 2010 model year, as Ford replaced it with its own in-house built 6.7L Power Stroke.

text: The engine has a 3.87 in (98 mm) bore and 4.13 in (105 mm) stroke, resulting in a total calculated displacement of 387 cu in (6.3 L) (6,333 cc). Despite having to meet emission regulations, the engine was able to increase horsepower ratings to 350 hp (261 kW) and torque to 650 lb⋅ft (881 N⋅m) at the flywheel. Horsepower and torque are achieved at 3,000 rpm and 2,000 rpm respectively. It also features a compound VGT turbo system. Air enters the low-pressure turbo (the smaller of the two) and is fed into the high-pressure turbo (the larger of the two), then is directed into the engine or intercooler. This system is designed to result in reduced turbo lag when accelerating from a stop. The series-turbo system is set up to provide a better throttle response while in motion to give a power flow more like a naturally aspirated engine. The 6.4 L also has a DPF and dual EGR coolers which are capable of reducing exhaust gas temps by up to 1,000 degrees before they reach the EGR valve and mix with the intake charge. The DPF traps soot and particulates from the exhaust and virtually eliminates the black smoke that most diesel engines expel upon acceleration. The engine computer is programmed to periodically inject extra fuel in the exhaust stroke of the engine (known as a "regeneration" in the F-Series) to burn off soot that accumulates in the DPF. This engine is designed to only run on ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel which has no more than 15 ppm sulfur content; using regular diesel fuel results in emission equipment malfunctions and violates manufacturer warranties.

text: The 6.4L has had one recall (safety product recall 07S49 was released on March 23, 2007) that addresses the potential for flames to come from the tailpipe of the truck. This problem arises from the DPF which is part of the diesel after-treatment system. A PCM recalibration was released to eliminate the possibility of excessive exhaust temperatures combined with certain rare conditions resulting from what is becoming known as a "thermal event".

text: Key specifications[edit]

text:
Fuel injection system: High pressure commonrail
Valve train: OHV 4-valve
Compound VGT turbo
DPF
Advanced multi-shot piezoelectric fuel injection control

text: Common issues[edit]

text:
Piston ring failures in #7 & #8 cylinders due to regeneration process. During regeneration, fuel is injected during the exhaust stroke in order to increase the exhaust temperature for DPF cleaning. This exposes the piston rings to excessive heat which eventually causes the piston rings to lose tension, causing low to no compression (compression skip) and excessive blow-by.
Rocker arm tips impacting (especially on lower geared trucks) due to higher pressure on valve-train (that was not upgraded from the 6.0 liter engine design) after 100,000 to 150,000 miles.
Turbo-charger bearing seal failures (which in turn allows engine lubricating oil to leak past the bearing seal) due to regeneration process pushing high exhaust temperatures thru the turbo-charger. This condition will precipitate premature clogging of the DPF, which then causes the engine to stay in regeneration mode. If this condition is not corrected quickly, the leaking seal will eventually allow all the engine oil to be pumped out of the engine thru the exhaust, causing complete engine failure due to lack of lubrication.
Higher incidents of cavitation erosion of the front cover due to the larger water pump impeller speed, causing coolant to leak into engine oil.
EGR cooler failures allowing engine coolant to flow back into #8 cylinder while engine is shut off, which causes the cylinder to hydro-lock and possibly bend the piston connecting rod as well as other damage to engine when it is subsequently started.
Cylinder head valve-guides do not have bronze sleeves, which allows for excessive wear and oil leakage around the valves(also an issue on the 6.0 liter).
If aftermarket tuning is installed that introduces too much advanced fuel injection timing, cracking of the cylinder heads can result due to excessive exhaust temperatures.
Very high cost of service and repair parts compared to other versions of the Powerstroke.

text: 6.7 Power Stroke[edit]

text: Emissions controls include exhaust gas recirculation, Denoxtronic-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) from Bosch, and a DPF. Output was originally 390 hp (291 kW) and 735 lb⋅ft (997 N⋅m).[6] but shortly after production started, Ford announced that they made an update to the 6.7L diesel. The new engine control software makes the engine capable of 400 hp (298 kW) at 2,800 rpm and 800 lb⋅ft (1,085 N⋅m) at 1,600 rpm while achieving better fuel economy and without any physical changes to the engine. [7] The 2015 engines are rated at 440 horsepower (330 kW) and 860 lb⋅ft (1,166 N⋅m).[8] Ford claims the bump in horsepower is from a new turbo, new injector nozzles and exhaust improvements. For 2017, the torque has risen to 925 lb⋅ft (1,254 N⋅m) at 1800rpm, Horsepower remains the same..[9]

text: Key specifications[edit]

text:
DPF
Valve train: OHV 4-valve
Turbo configuration: 'GT32 SST (single sequential turbocharger)' --single 64mm turbine and dual-sided compressor
Fuel injection system: High-pressure common-rail, Bosch CP4 injection pump, piezo electric injectors

text:
Turbo configuration:
'GT37' --single 72.5mm turbine and 88mm compressor[11]

Fuel system:
High-pressure common-rail, Bosch CP4.2 injection pump, piezo electric injectors

Engine:
Power Stroke V-8

Displacement:
6.7L

Bore and stroke:
3.90 x 4.25 inches

Cylinders:
90-degree V-8

Block:
Compacted graphite iron

Heads:
Aluminum (reverse flow)

Pistons:
Forged aluminum

Valvetrain:
OHV, four valves per cylinder

Horsepower:
440 at 2,800 rpm

Torque:
860 lb-ft at 1,600 rpm

Emissions equipment:
EGR, DPF, SCR

Engine dry weight:
970 pounds

text: 3.2 Power Stroke[edit]

text: The 3.2 L Power Stroke is an inline five-cylinder engine that debuted in the U.S.-spec Transit for model year 2015. The engine is a modified version of the Ford Duratorq 3.2 L diesel engine that has been adapted to meet emissions in the United States. To aid in economy, emissions, and reduce NVH, it has a high pressure common rail fuel injection system and piezo injectors that can spray up to five different injections per compression event. It has a water cooled EGR system to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas before being recirculated through the intake. A unique feature to the emissions system is that the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and the DPF have been combined into one singular unit as opposed to the traditional two separate units. Exhaust treatment continues with SCR which is done by the injection of diesel exhaust fluid in the exhaust to reduce NOx. The engine features a variable geometry turbo which allows for intake air flow tuning on the fly to increase power and fuel economy. The engine also features a variable-flow oil pump to avoid wasting mechanical energy pumping excessive amounts of oil. It has cast aluminum, low friction pistons with oil squirters to keep them cool during heavy-load conditions, a die cast aluminum cam carrier to stiffen up the valve train and reduce NVH, and to increase low end durability, the crankshaft is cast iron and the connecting rods are forged. The block itself is an extra rigid, gray cast iron with a closed deck.[12] The power figures for the 3.2 L Power Stroke are 185 hp at 3,000 rpm and 350 lb-ft at 1,500-2,750 rpm. The Euro Duratorq 3.2 makes 197 HP and 350 ft-lb of torque.

text: Key specifications[edit]

text:
Fuel injection system: High pressure commonrail
Valve train: DOHC 4-valve
Turbo configuration: Single variable geometry turbo
Combined diesel particulate filter and diesel oxidation catalyst
Urea injected selective catalytic reduction

text: 3.0 Power Stroke[edit]

text: A 3.0 liter Power Stroke turbo-diesel V6 will be introduced in the new 2018 Ford F-150 as a medium duty engine to compete with the Ram 1500 EcoDiesel V6. The engine produces 250 hp (190 kW) and 440 lb-ft of torque, and is expected to get at least 30 miles per gallon on the highway. fuel efficiency.

text: Applications[edit]

text: The Power Stroke engine has been used in the following applications.

text: Ford E-Series (full-size vans)

text:
1995–2003 7.3 L
2004–2010 6.0 L

text: Ford Excursion (full-size sport utility vehicles}

text:
2000–2003 7.3 L
2003.5–2005 6.0 L

text: Ford F-Series (full-size pickup trucks)

text:
Mid-1994–Mid-2003 7.3 L[13]
Mid-2003–2007 6.0 L
2008–2010 6.4 L
2011–present 6.7 L
2018– 3.0 L (F-150 only)

text: LCF (low cab forward)

text: 2005–2010 4.5 L

text: Ford Transit

text: 2015–present 3.2 L

text: Other engines with the Power Stroke name[edit]

text:
In South American models, the Ford Ranger 2001 up to 2012 use a Power Stroke engine in their diesel versions. A 2.8L diesel engine was developed by Navistar/International Engines from an inline-four Land Rover Defender diesel 2.5L engine, with 130 (waste gate) or 133 hp (VNT). A 3L common rail four valves per cylinder and 160 hp (waste gate turbo) became the electronic version of the Power Stroke. It has only the block and connect-rods in common with 2.8 L Power Stroke
The above-detailed 3.2L Duratorq I5 is branded as Power Stroke in US-spec Ford Transit vans.


document_title: Waikiki

question_text: where does the sand come from on waikiki beach

text: Waikiki

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The name Waikīkī means spouting fresh water in the Hawaiian language, for springs and streams that fed wetlands that once separated Waikīkī from the interior.[1]

text: History[edit]

text: The area was a retreat for Hawaiian royalty in the 1800s who enjoyed surfing there on early forms of longboards.[2]

text: A few small hotels opened in the 1880s. In 1893, Greek-American George Lycurgus leased the guest house of Allen Herbert and renamed it the "Sans Souci" (French for "without worries") creating one of the first beach resorts. Later that year Robert Louis Stevenson stayed at the resort; subsequently it became a popular destination for tourists from the mainland.[3] The area at coordinates 21°15′49″N 157°49′17″W / 21.26361°N 157.82139°W / 21.26361; -157.82139 is still called "Sans Souci Beach".[4]

text: Today, the area is filled with large resort hotels, such as the Hilton Hawaiian Village, Halekulani, the Hyatt Regency Waikīkī, Marriott Waikiki, Sheraton Waikīkī, and historic hotels dating back to the early 20th century (such as the Moana Surfrider Hotel and the Royal Hawaiian Hotel). The beach hosts many events a year, including surf competitions, outdoor performances, hula dancing and outrigger canoe races.

text: Geography[edit]

text: The neighborhood extends from the Ala Wai Canal (a channel dug to drain former wetlands) on the west and north, to Diamond Head (Lēʻahi) on the east. Waikīkī Beach is noted for its views of the Diamond Head tuff cone, its usually warm and cloud-free climate and its surf break.[5][6][7]

text: The Waikīkī skyline is now dotted with an abundance of both high-rises and resort hotels. The beach is actually fairly short, with half of it marked off for surfers. For some distance into the ocean the water is quite shallow, although there are numerous rocks on the bottom. As with most ocean beaches the waves can have some force, particularly on windy days. The surf at Waikīkī is known for its long rolling break, making it ideal for long boarding, tandem surfing and beginners.[8][9]

text: Main thoroughfares[edit]

text: Waikīkī's main thoroughfare is Kalakaua Avenue, named after King Kalakaua, which houses most of the high-end hotels (Royal Hawaiian, Sheraton, Hyatt, Moana Surfrider Hotel), most of the luxury designer brand stores (Apple Store, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Prada, Burberry, Dior, Tiffany & Co., Fendi, Cartier, Gucci, and Coach) and popular surf clothing brand stores (Quiksilver, Billabong, Volcom). Waikīkī's other main thoroughfare, Kuhio Avenue, named after Prince Kuhio, is better known for its restaurants, cafes and grocers, along with its clubs, nightlife and prostitution.[10][11]

text: Beach problems[edit]

text: Erosion[edit]

text: Over time, Waikīkī beach has had problems with erosion, leading to the construction of groynes and beach replenishment projects. For example, in the 1920s and 1930s sand was imported from Manhattan Beach, California, via ship and barge to Waikīkī.[12] Importing stopped in the 1970s. Officials are looking for ways to sustain the existing sand by eliminating loss due to tidal flow.[13] Subject to permits, a partial restoration was completed in the spring of 2012. The proposed project imported sand from nearby shoals and widened the 1,700-foot (520 m) long beach by about 37 feet (11 m) between the Royal Hawaiian Hotel concrete groyne and the Kūhiō Beach crib wall. The project restored the beach to its 1985 shoreline.[14]

text: Water quality[edit]

text: Waikiki Beach has had contamination problems with sewage spills.[15][16][17][18]

text: Economy[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2017)

text: NTT DoCoMo also has limited operations here for the convenience of Japanese tourists.[19]

text: Government and infrastructure[edit]

text: District 6 of the Honolulu Police Department (HPD) encompasses Waikiki.[20] The Waikīkī HPD Substation is located at 2425 Kalakaua Avenue next to Kuhio Beach Park.[21]

text: The United States Postal Service operates the Waikīkī Post Office at 330 Saratoga Road.[22]

text: Education[edit]

text: Hawaii Department of Education operates public schools. Thomas Jefferson Elementary School is located in Waikīkī proper, while Waikīkī Elementary School is located nearby, at the makai (southern) edge of the Kapahulu neighborhood.[23]

text: The Hawaii State Public Library System operates the Waikīkī Public Library at 400 Kapahulu Avenue.[24]

text: Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

text: Waikiki is twinned with:

text:
Freshwater, New South Wales, Australia
  Bixby, Oklahoma, United States

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Surfboards in Waikiki

Waikīkī Beach facing Diamond Head, 1958

Waikiki Beach view

Aerial view of Waikiki Beach and Honolulu, Hawaii.

Statue of Prince Kuhio in Waikiki.

A zebra shark swimming at Waikiki Aquarium.


document_title: The Lego Movie

question_text: who is the voice of emmett in the lego movie

text: The Lego Movie

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the Lego universe, populated by anthropomorphic minifigures, the evil Lord Business finds a super-weapon called the "Kragle". The wizard Vitruvius attempts to stop him, but is blinded by Business's robots. Before Business leaves with the weapon, Vitruvius prophesies a person called "The Special" will find the "Piece of Resistance", a brick capable of stopping the Kragle.

text: Eight and a half years later, in the city of Bricksburg, construction worker Emmet Brickowski finds a woman, Wyldstyle, searching for something at his construction site after hours. When he investigates, Emmet falls into a hole and finds the Piece of Resistance. Compelled to touch it, Emmet experiences vivid visions and passes out. He awakens with the Piece of Resistance attached to his back, in the custody of Good Cop/Bad Cop, Lord Business's lieutenant.

text: Wyldstyle rescues Emmet, believing him to be the Special, and takes him to meet Vitruvius in the Old West. Emmet learns Wyldstyle and Vitruvius are "Master Builders"[10] – people capable of building anything from their imagination without the need of instructions – who oppose Business. Wyldstyle explains that Business wants to use the Kragle (a tube of Krazy Glue with a weathered label) to freeze the world into perfection. Though disappointed to find Emmet is not a Master Builder, Wyldstyle and Vitruvius are convinced of his potential when he recalls visions of a seemingly human deity referred to as "The Man Upstairs".

text: Emmet, Wyldstyle and Vitruvius evade Bad Cop's forces with the aid of Batman, Wyldstyle's boyfriend. They go to the hidden realm of Cloud Cuckoo Land to attend a council of Master Builders, all of whom are unimpressed with Emmet and refuse to fight Business. Bad Cop's forces attack, having placed a tracking device on Emmet, and capture everyone except Emmet, Wyldstyle, Batman, Vitruvius, and a small group of other Master Builders. Escaping, Emmet devises a plan to infiltrate Business's office tower and disarm the Kragle, but the group is captured and imprisoned in the Think Tank, where all the Master Builders are forced to make instructions. Trying to retaliate, Vitruvius is decapitated by Business, who sets a self-destruct protocol and leaves everyone to die, including Bad Cop.

text: As he dies, Vitruvius reveals he made up the prophecy. He soon reappears to Emmet as a ghost and reveals self-belief is what makes one the Special. Strapped to the self-destruct mechanism's battery, Emmet jumps into the abyss outside the tower and severs the connection, saving his friends. Inspired by Emmet's sacrifice, Wyldstyle rallies the Lego people across the universe to use whatever creativity they have to build machines and weapons to fight against Lord Business's forces.

text: Emmet finds himself in the human world as a Lego mini-figure, unable to move. The events of the story are being played out by a little boy named Finn on his father's expansive Lego set in their basement. His father, "The Man Upstairs", comes home from work and chastises his son for ruining the set by creating variations of different playsets, and proceeds to rebuild and glue his perceived perfect creations together. Realizing the danger his friends are in, Emmet wills himself to move and gains Finn's attention.

text: Finn returns Emmet and the Piece of Resistance to the set, where Emmet now possesses the powers of a Master Builder and confronts Business. Meanwhile, Finn's father looks at his son's creations and realizes Finn had based the villainous Business on him and his perfectionism. Through a speech Emmet gives Business, Finn reconciles with his father, and the two unglue the constructions with mineral spirits, which plays out as Business having a change of heart, capping the Kragle, and thawing his victims. Emmet is hailed as a hero and begins a romantic relationship with Wyldstyle with Batman's blessing.

text: As a result of Finn's father allowing Finn's younger sister to join them in playing with his Lego sets, aliens from the planet Duplon beam down on the Lego world and announce their plans to destroy everyone.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Chris Pratt as Emmet Brickowski, an everyman and construction worker from Bricksburg.
Will Ferrell as Lord Business, president of the Octan Corporation under the name of President Business.[11][12]
Ferrell also plays "The Man Upstairs", a Lego collector in the live-action part of the film.
Elizabeth Banks as Wyldstyle,[11] a Master Builder who is Emmet's love interest and Batman's girlfriend, whose real name is Lucy.
Will Arnett as Batman, a DC Comics superhero who is a Master Builder and Wyldstyle's boyfriend.
Nick Offerman as MetalBeard, a giant makeshift pirate and Master Builder.[12].
Alison Brie as Princess Unikitty, a unicorn-kitten and Master Builder from Cloud Cuckoo Land[12][13]
Charlie Day as Benny, a "1980-something space guy" who is a Master Builder.[11]
Liam Neeson as Bad Cop / Good Cop, a double-faced police officer that leads the Super Secret Police.
Neeson also voices Pa Cop, Bad Cop/Good Cop's father.
Morgan Freeman as Vitruvius, a blind old wizard who is one of the Master Builders.
Channing Tatum as Superman, a DC Comics superhero who is one of the Master Builders.
Jonah Hill as Green Lantern, a DC Comics superhero who is one of the Master Builders.
Cobie Smulders as Wonder Woman, a DC Comics superhero who is one of the Master Builders.
Jadon Sand as Finn, The Man Upstairs' young son in the live-action part of the film.
Graham Miller as The Duplo Aliens, aliens made from Duplo blocks that come from the planet Duplon.

text: Anthony Daniels and Billy Dee Williams reprise their Star Wars roles of C-3PO and Lando Calrissian, respectively, with Keith Ferguson voicing Han Solo (whom he previously voiced in Robot Chicken and Mad).

text: Shaquille O'Neal voices a Lego version of himself who is a Master Builder alongside two generic members of the 2002 NBA All-Stars.

text: Will Forte, Dave Franco, Jake Johnson, Keegan-Michael Key, Chris McKay and Jorma Taccone provide voice cameos in the film.

text: Co-director Christopher Miller cameos as a TV presenter in the studio that films the Where Are My Pants? TV series.

text: Production[edit]

text: Dan Lin conceived of the idea for the film and began discussing it with Roy Lee before leaving Warner Bros. to form his own production company, Lin Pictures, in 2008.[14]  Meanwhile, Warner Bros. home entertainment executive Kevin Tsujihara had recognized the value of the Lego franchise by engineering the studio's purchase of Lego video game licensee Traveller's Tales in 2007, thought the success of the Lego-based video games indicated a Lego-based film was a good idea, and reportedly "championed" the development of the film.[14][15] By August 2009, Dan and Kevin Hageman were writing the script described as "action adventure set in a Lego world."[16] Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs directors Phil Lord and Christopher Miller were in talks in June 2010 to write and direct the film.[17] Warner Bros. green-lit the film by November 2011, with a planned 2014 release date. The Australian studio Animal Logic was contracted to provide the animation, which was expected to comprise 80% of the film. By this time Chris McKay, the director of Robot Chicken, had also joined Lord and Miller to co-direct.[18] McKay explained that his role was to supervise the production in Australia once Lord and Miller left to work on 22 Jump Street.[19] In March 2012, Lord and Miller revealed the film's working title, Lego: The Piece of Resistance, and a storyline.[20] In April 2012, Warner Bros. scheduled the film for release on February 28, 2014, a date that subsequently changed.[21]

text:
"We wanted to make the film feel like the way you play, the way I remember playing. We wanted to make it feel as epic and ambitious and self-serious as a kid feels when they play with LEGO. We took something you could claim is the most cynical cash grab in cinematic history, basically a 90 minute LEGO commercial, and turned it into a celebration of creativity, fun and invention, in the spirit of just having a good time and how ridiculous it can look when you make things up. And we had fun doing it.'"
 —Animation supervisor Chris McKay[19]

tag: div

text: By June 2012, Chris Pratt had been cast as the voice of Emmet, the lead Lego character, and Will Arnett voicing Lego Batman; the role of Lego Superman was offered to Channing Tatum.[22] By August 2012, Elizabeth Banks was hired to voice Lucy (later getting the alias "Wyldstyle")[11] and Morgan Freeman to voice Vitruvius, an old mystic.[22][23] In October 2012, Warner Bros. shifted the release date for the film, simply titled Lego, to February 7, 2014.[24] In November 2012, Alison Brie, Will Ferrell, Liam Neeson, and Nick Offerman signed on for roles. Brie voices Unikitty, a member of Emmet's team; Ferrell voices the antagonist President/Lord Business; Neeson voices Bad Cop/Good Cop and Offerman voices MetalBeard,[25] a pirate seeking revenge on Business.[24]

text: In July 2012, a Lego-user contest announced on the film's Facebook page would choose a winning Lego vehicle to appear in the film.[26] Miller's childhood Space Village playset is utilized in the film.[27]

text: The film is strongly inspired by the visual aesthetic and stylistics of Brickfilms and received a great deal of praise in the respective online communities who saw the film as appraising nod to their work.[28] Many Brickfilm-Fans and AFOL’s (Adult Fans of Lego) praised the painstaking amount detail in the production. Animal Logic tried to make the film's animation replicate a stop motion film even if everything was done through computer graphics, with the animation rigs following the same articulation limits actual Lego figures have. The camera systems also tried to replicate live action cinematography, including different lenses and a Steadicam simulator. The scenery was projected through The Lego Group's own Lego Digital Designer, which as CG supervisor Aidan Sarsfield detailed, "uses the official LEGO Brick Library and effectively simulates the connectivity of each of the bricks." The saved files were then converted to design and animate in Maya and XSI. At times the minifigures were even placed under microscopes to capture the seam lines, dirt and grime into the digital textures.[29] Benny the spaceman was based on the line of Lego space sets sold in the 1980s, and his design includes the broken helmet chin strap, a common defect of the space sets at that time.[30]

text: The film's total cost, including production, promotion and advertising (P&A), was $100 million.[31] Half of the film's cost was financed by Village Roadshow Pictures.[31] The rest was covered by Warner Bros., with RatPac-Dune Entertainment providing a smaller share as part of its multi-year financing agreement with Warner Bros.[32] Initially Warner Bros. turned down Village Roadshow Pictures when it asked to invest in the film.[31] However, Warner Bros. later changed its mind, reportedly due to lack of confidence in the film, initially offering Village Roadshow Pictures the opportunity to finance 25% of the film, and later, an additional 25%.[31]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Lego Movie: Original Motion Picture SoundtrackSoundtrack album by Mark Mothersbaugh, various artistsReleased
February 4, 2014Recorded
2013Trackdown Studios (Sydney)Genre
Film soundtrack, film scoreLength
58:10Label
WaterTower MusicProducer
Mark Mothersbaugh, Shawn Patterson, BartholomewMark Mothersbaugh chronology

Last Vegas(2013)Last Vegas2013

The Lego Movie(2014)

22 Jump Street(2014)22 Jump Street2014

Singles from The Lego Movie: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

"Everything Is Awesome"Released: January 27, 2014

text: The film's original score was composed by Mark Mothersbaugh, who had previously worked with Lord and Miller on Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs and 21 Jump Street. The Lego Movie soundtrack contains the score as the majority of its tracks. Also included is the song "Everything Is Awesome!!!" written by Shawn Patterson (El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera and Robot Chicken), Joshua Bartholomew,[33] and Lisa Harriton,[34] who also perform the song in the movie under the name, Jo Li. The single, released on January 27, 2014, is performed by Tegan and Sara featuring The Lonely Island (Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer, and Jorma Taccone) who wrote the rap lyrics, and is the first song played in the end credits of the movie. The soundtrack was released on February 4, 2014 by WaterTower Music.[35]

text: No.TitlePerformer(s)Length1."Everything Is Awesome!!!"Tegan and Sara featuring The Lonely Island2:432."Prologue" 2:283."Emmett's Morning" 1:594."Emmett Falls in Love" 1:115."Escape" 3:276."Into the Old West" 1:007."Wyldstyle Explains" 1:218."Emmett's Mind" 2:179."The Transformation" 1:4610."Saloons and Wagons" 3:3811."Batman" 1:2312."Middle Zealand" 0:2813."Cloud Cuckooland and Ben the Spaceman" 1:2514."Emmett's Speech" 2:0215."Submarines and Metal Beard" 1:4916."Requiem for Cuckooland" 1:2317."Reaching the Kragle" 2:3518."Emmett's Plan" 1:5419."The Truth" 3:1620."Wyldstyle Leads" 2:4621."Let's Put It All Back" 2:0222."I Am a Master Builder" 2:4823."My Secret Weapon" 4:1924."We Did It!" 1:3125."Everything Is Awesome!!!"Jo Li (Joshua Bartholomew and Lisa Harriton)1:2626."Everything Is Awesome!!! (unplugged)"Shawn Patterson and Sammy Allen1:2427."Untitled Self Portrait"Will Arnett1:0828."Everything Is Awesome!!! (instrumental sing-a-long)" 2:41Total length:58:10

text:
Chart positions

Chart (2014)

Peakposition

Australian Albums (ARIA)[36]

82

UK Independent Album Breakers (OCC)[37]

8

US Billboard 200[38]

37

US Independent Albums (Billboard)[38]

8

US Top Soundtracks (Billboard)[38]

2

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The film's theme song, "Everything is Awesome!!!", has been critically praised and has undergone some close analysis. Eric Brown, writing in the International Business Times, describes the song as a parody of fascism, saying that the song "seems little more than an infectiously catchy parody of watered-down radio pop, right down to the faux-dubstep breakdown. There's a lot more happening under the surface, however."[39]

text: In an interview with Fox News, producer Mark Mothersbaugh says the song "was supposed to be like mind control early in the film. It's totally irritating, this kind of mindless mantra to get people up and working. It's like the whip crack on their back, but then by the end of the movie it morphs into, instead of being just a mindless, go-to-work song it becomes about co-operation and people working together to do bigger things."[40]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Lego Movie premiered at the Regency Village Theatre in Los Angeles, California on February 1, 2014, and was released in theaters on February 7, 2014.[41] The film was released in Australia by the film's co-producer, Roadshow Films.[42]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Over twenty Lego sets inspired by scenes from the film were released for the film including a set of Collectible Minifigures. A website was opened up so fans could make minifigure versions of themselves, and later, put that in the film's official trailer. The company recruited a roster of global partners to a broad, multi-category licensing program to support the film.[43][44] Official Lego Brand Stores also scheduled events. Each week of January 2014, a new character poster (Wyldstyle, Batman, Emmet, Lord Business) came with every purchase.[45] By building a creative model in-store, people received a free accessory pack. Barnes & Noble hosted a themed event in January, February, and March.[46] On February 7, 2014, McDonald's released eight collectible holographic/3D cups in Happy Meals to promote the film.[47] A video game based on the film, The Lego Movie Videogame, by TT Fusion for Xbox 360, Xbox One, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation Vita, and Windows, was released on February 4, 2014.[48] An exclusive "Wild West Emmet" minifigure was released with preorders of the game at GameStop.[49]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Lego Movie was released on Digital HD on May 20, 2014. It was released by Warner Home Video on DVD and Blu-ray (2D and 3D) on June 17, 2014. A special Blu-ray 3D "Everything is Awesome Edition" also includes an exclusive Vitruvius minifigure and a collectible 3D Emmett photo.[50] The film was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on March 1, 2016.[51]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Lego Movie was met with "nearly unanimous positive reviews."[52] Review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 96% approval rating and an average rating of 8.2/10 based on 236 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Boasting beautiful animation, a charming voice cast, laugh-a-minute gags, and a surprisingly thoughtful story, The Lego Movie is colorful fun for all ages."[7] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 83 (indicating "universal acclaim") based on 43 reviews.[53] According to CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, the average grade moviegoers gave The Lego Movie was A on an A+ to F scale.[54] Filmmaker Edgar Wright, and TIME Magazine film critic Richard Corliss, each named The Lego Movie as one of their favorite films of 2014.[55][56]

text: Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Arriving at a time when feature animation was looking and feeling mighty anemic…The LEGO Movie shows 'em how it's done,"[57] with Peter Debruge of Variety adding that Lord and Miller "irreverently deconstruct the state of the modern blockbuster and deliver a smarter, more satisfying experience in its place, emerging with a fresh franchise for others to build upon."[58] Tom Huddleston of Time Out said, "The script is witty, the satire surprisingly pointed, and the animation tactile and imaginative."[59] Drew Hunt of the Chicago Reader said the filmmakers "fill the script with delightfully absurd one-liners and sharp pop culture references",[60] with A. O. Scott of The New York Times noting that, "Pop-culture jokes ricochet off the heads of younger viewers to tickle the world-weary adults in the audience, with just enough sentimental goo applied at the end to unite the generations. Parents will dab their eyes while the kids roll theirs."[61] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News said the filmmakers "don't sink into cynicism. Their computer animation embraces the retro look and feel of the toys to both ingenious and adorable effect."[62]

text: Claudia Puig of USA Today called the film "a spirited romp through a world that looks distinctively familiar, and yet freshly inventive."[63] Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail asked, "Can a feature-length toy commercial also work as a decent kids’ movie? The bombast of the G.I. Joe and Transformers franchises might suggest no, but after an uninspired year for animated movies, The Lego Movie is a 3-D animated film that connects."[64] Joel Arnold of NPR acknowledged that the film "may be one giant advertisement, but all the way to its plastic-mat foundation, it's an earnest piece of work—a cash grab with a heart."[65] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called the film "sassy enough to shoot well-aimed darts at corporate branding."[66] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post said that, "While clearly filled with affection for—and marketing tie-ins to—the titular product that's front and center, it's also something of a sharp plastic brick flung in the eye of its corporate sponsor."[67]

text: On the negative side, Kyle Smith of the New York Post called the film "more exhausting than fun, too unsure of itself to stick with any story thread for too long."[68] Moira MacDonald of The Seattle Times, while generally positive, found "it falls apart a bit near the end."[69] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap said the film "will doubtless tickle young fans of the toys. It's just too bad that a movie that encourages you to think for yourself doesn't follow its own advice."[70]

text: Television personality, author, filmmaker, radio host and conservative political commentator Glenn Beck praised the film for avoiding "the double meanings and adult humor I just hate."[71]

text: Oscar host Neil Patrick Harris referenced The Lego Movie not being nominated Best Animated Feature, which many critics considered a major snub, saying prior to the award's presentation "If you’re at the Oscar party with the guys who directed 'The Lego Movie,' now would be a great time to distract them."[72]

text: U.S. Senator Ron Johnson criticized the film's anti-corporate message, saying that it taught children that "government is good and business is bad", citing the villain's name of Lord Business. "That's done for a reason", Johnson told WisPolitics.com. "They're starting that propaganda, and it's insidious". The comments were criticized by many, and Russ Feingold brought up the comments on the campaign trail during his 2016 Senate bid against Johnson.[73]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text: The Lego Movie grossed $257.8 million in the U.S. and Canada, and $210.3 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $469.1 million.[6] Calculating in all expenses, Deadline Hollywood estimated that the film made a profit of $229 million.[74]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, the film opened at number one in its first weekend with over $69 million, which was the second-highest weekend debut in February, at the time, behind The Passion of the Christ ($83.8 million).[75] The movie retained the top spot at box office in its second weekend by declining only 28% and grossing $49.8 million.[76] The Lego Movie was number one again in its third weekend while declining 37% and grossing $31.3 million.[77] In its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number three grossing $20.8 million.[78]

text: Elsewhere, The Lego Movie was released in 34 markets in February 7, 2014—the same weekend as its U.S. release. It made $18.7 million on its opening weekend from 5,695 screens from 34 countries.[79] On its opening weekend, which varies depending on the country, it earned $3.8 million in Mexico, $2 million in Spain, and $1.8 million in Brazil.[79] With a total gross of £34.3 million, it was the second-highest-grossing film in the UK and Ireland in 2014.[80]

text: The popularity of the film led to a shortage of Lego products by September 2014.[81]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of accolades

Award / film festival

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

AACTA Awards

Best Visual Effects or Animation

Chris McKay, Amber Naismith, Aidan Sarsfield and Grant Freckelton

Won

Academy Awards

Best Original Song

"Everything is Awesome" written and lyrics by Shawn Patterson

Nominated

American Cinema Editors

Best Edited Animated Feature Film

David Burrows, Chris McKay

Won

42nd Annual Annie Awards[82]

Best Animated Feature

The Lego Movie

Nominated

Animated Effects in an Animated Feature Production

Jayandera Danappal, Matt Ebb, Christian Epunan Hernandez, Danielle Brooks, and Raphael Gadot

Nominated

Directing in an Animated Feature Production

Phil Lord and Christopher Miller Directors;Chris McKay, Co-Director

Nominated

Production Design in an Animated Feature Production

Grant Freckelton

Nominated

Writing in an Animated Feature Production

Phil Lord and Christopher Miller

Won

Editorial in an Animated Feature Production

David Burrows, Todd Hansen, Doug Nicholas, Jonathan Tappin and Courtney O'Brien-Brown

Nominated

Austin Film Critics Association

Best Animated Film

The Lego Movie

Won

BAFTA Awards[83]

Best Animated Film

The Lego Movie

Won

Black Reel Awards

Best Voice Performance

Morgan Freeman

Won

45th Annual British Academy Children's Awards[84]

Kid's Vote — Film in 2014

The Lego Movie

Nominated

Children's Feature Film in 2014

The Lego Movie

Won

Broadcast Film Critics Association

Best Animated Feature

The Lego Movie

Won

Best Song

"Everything Is Awesome"

Nominated

Chicago Film Critics Association

Best Animated Feature

The Lego Movie

Won

Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association

Best Animated Film

The Lego Movie

Won

Dublin Film Critics Circle

Top Ten Films

The Lego Movie

4th Place

Empire Awards

Best Comedy

Nominated

Florida Film Critics Circle

Best Animated Film

Won

Golden Globe Awards

Best Animated Feature Film

Nominated

Golden Tomato Awards 2014

Best Animated Film

Won

Best Wide Release 2014

2nd Place

Grammy Awards

Best Song Written for Visual Media

"Everything Is Awesome"

Nominated

Heartland Film Festival 2014[85]

Truly Moving Picture Award

Phil Lord and Christopher Miller

Won

Houston Film Critics Society

Best Animated Feature Film

The Lego Movie

Won

Best Original Song

"Everything is Awesome"

Won

Kerrang! Awards

Best Film

The Lego Movie

Won

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Animated Movie

The Lego Movie

Nominated

Favorite Movie Actor

Will Arnett (also for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

Nominated

National Board of Review

Best Original Screenplay

Phil Lord and Christopher Miller

Won

Top Ten Films

The Lego Movie

Won

New York Film Critics Circle Awards[86]

Best Animated Film

The Lego Movie

Won

New York Film Critics Online

Best Animated Film

The Lego Movie

Won

Online Film Critics Society

Best Picture

The Lego Movie

Nominated

Best Animated Feature

The Lego Movie

Won

People's Choice Awards[87]

Favorite Family Movie

The Lego Movie

Nominated

Producers Guild of America

Best Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures

Dan Lin

Won

San Diego Film Critics Society

Best Animated

The Lego Movie

Nominated

San Francisco Film Critics Circle[88]

Best Animated Feature

The Lego Movie

Won

Satellite Awards

Best Motion Picture Animated or Mixed Media

The Lego Movie

Nominated

Best Original Screenplay

Phil Lord and Christopher Miller

Nominated

Best Original Song

"Everything Is Awesome"

Nominated

Saturn Awards

Best Animated Film

The Lego Movie

Won

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association

Best Animated Film

The Lego Movie

Won

16th SXSW Film Festival[89]

SXSW Film Design Award(Special Jury Recognition)

Brian Mah (Designer)

Won

Teen Choice Awards[90]

Choice Movie: Animated

The Lego Movie

Nominated

Choice Movie: Voice

Chris Pratt

Toronto Film Critics Association

Best Animated Feature

The Lego Movie

Runner-Up

13th Visual Effects Society Awards[91]

Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture

Chris McKay, Amber Naismith, Jim Dodd, David Williams

Nominated

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature Motion Picture

Carsten Kolve, Jayandera Danappal, Matt Ebb, Miles Green

Nominated

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association[92]

Best Animated Feature

The Lego Movie

Won

Best Original Screenplay

Phil Lord and Christopher Miller

Nominated

text: Franchise[edit]

text: Because of its critical and commercial success, The Lego Movie has been turned into a franchise and a shared fictional universe, it consists of:

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A direct sequel to the film, entitled The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part, is scheduled for release on February 8, 2019 with Chris Pratt, Elizabeth Banks and Will Arnett reprising their roles of Emmet, Wyldstyle and Batman respectively and Tiffany Haddish joining the cast.

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: There are two spin-off films, the first two of which, The Lego Batman Movie and The Lego Ninjago Movie, were both released in 2017. A third spin-off titled The Billion Brick Race is currently scheduled for release in 2019.[93][94][95]

text: 4D Attraction[edit]

text: A 4-D movie featuring in-theatre effects, based on the film itself, titled The Lego Movie: 4D - A New Adventure, opened at select Legoland theme parks across the globe in  2016.[96]

text: Television series[edit]

text: On May 10, 2017, Warner Bros. and Lego announced that the character Unikitty would receive a spin-off television series on Cartoon Network, with Tara Strong voicing the character. The series premiered January 1, 2018.[97]

text: In other media[edit]

text: Emmet and Wyldstyle make a cameo in The Simpsons episode Brick Like Me in which are seen as part of a Lego building contest.


document_title: Outlander (TV series)

question_text: what year does outlander season 3 take place

text: Outlander (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
16
8
August 9, 2014 (2014-08-09)
September 27, 2014 (2014-09-27)

8
April 4, 2015 (2015-04-04)
May 30, 2015 (2015-05-30)

2
13
April 9, 2016 (2016-04-09)
July 9, 2016 (2016-07-09)

3
13
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10)

text: Season one[edit]

text: In 1946, former World War II nurse Claire Randall and her husband Frank are visiting Inverness, Scotland, when she is carried back in time from the standing stones at Craigh na Dun to the 18th century. She falls in with a group of rebel Scottish Highlanders from the Clan MacKenzie, who are being pursued by British redcoats led by Captain Jonathan "Black Jack" Randall, Frank's ancestor. She marries a highlander, Jamie Fraser, out of necessity but they quickly fall in love. The Clan suspect her of being a spy, and retain her as a healer, preventing her attempts to return to her own time. Knowing that the Jacobite cause is doomed to fail, Claire tries to warn against pursuing a rebellion. Jamie is captured and tortured by the sadistic Randall, but rescued by Claire and the Clan. They set sail for France.

text: Season two[edit]

text: In Paris, Claire and Jamie try to thwart the Jacobites by subverting the funds that King Louis XV of France is likely to provide. Jamie becomes the confidante of Bonnie Prince Charlie, but they fail to prevent the risings. Randall reappears in Paris, but Claire makes Jamie swear to keep him alive until Frank's ancestry is assured, which she achieves by convincing Randall to marry Mary Hawkins. Claire loses her baby, and they return to Scotland. The Jacobites win the Battle of Prestonpans. Before the Battle of Culloden, Jamie convinces Claire, pregnant again, to return to the 20th century. Twenty years after Claire's return, Frank has died, and Claire takes her daughter Brianna to Scotland, and persuades her to believe her story. Claire discovers that Jamie did not die at Culloden, and vows to return to him.

text: Season three[edit]

text: Jamie kills Randall at Culloden, but is gravely injured, and spared execution. At Ardsmuir prison, he befriends the governor Lord John Grey, who later paroles him to work at an English estate, where he fathers an illegitimate son, Willie. Jamie returns to Scotland and becomes a printer. Meanwhile, in 1948, Claire enrolls in medical school as she and Frank raise Jamie's daughter, Brianna, in Boston. Frank is killed in a car accident. With the help of Roger Wakefield, Claire learns of Jamie's whereabouts, and Claire returns to find him. She discovers that Jamie has remarried. To pay off his new wife Laoghaire, they try to retrieve some hidden treasure, during which his nephew Ian is captured and carried off to the Caribbean. Jamie and Claire follow, and manage to rescue him. They set sail for Scotland but are shipwrecked in Georgia.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Caitriona Balfe as Claire Beauchamp Randall/Fraser
Sam Heughan as James "Jamie" MacKenzie Fraser[3]
Tobias Menzies as Frank Randall / Jonathan "Black Jack" Randall (seasons 1–3)
Gary Lewis as Colum MacKenzie (seasons 1–2)
Graham McTavish as Dougal MacKenzie (seasons 1–2)
Lotte Verbeek as Geillis Duncan a.k.a. Gillian Edgars (seasons 1–3)
Bill Paterson as Edward "Ned" Gowan (seasons 1, 3–)
Laura Donnelly as Janet "Jenny" Fraser Murray
Douglas Henshall as Taran MacQuarrie (season 1)
Steven Cree as Ian Murray
Duncan Lacroix as Murtagh Fitzgibbons Fraser
Grant O'Rourke as Rupert MacKenzie (seasons 1–3)
Stephen Walters as Angus Mhor (seasons 1–2)
Simon Callow as Clarence Marylebone, Duke of Sandringham (seasons 1–2)
Dominique Pinon as Master Raymond (season 2)
Stanley Weber as Le Comte St. Germain (season 2)
Nell Hudson as Laoghaire MacKenzie (recurring season 1, starring seasons 2–)
Clive Russell as Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat (season 2)
Richard Rankin as Roger Wakefield (season 2–)
Sophie Skelton as Brianna "Bree" Randall (season 2–)
Andrew Gower as Prince Charles Edward Stuart (seasons 2–3)
Rosie Day as Mary Hawkins (season 2)
Frances de la Tour as Mother Hildegarde (season 2)
John Bell as Ian Fraser Murray (season 3–)
David Berry as Lord John Grey (season 3–)
Lauren Lyle as Marsali MacKimmie Fraser (season 3–)
César Domboy as Claudel "Fergus" Fraser (season 3–)
Richard Dillane as Captain Raines (season 3)

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In July 2012, it was reported that Sony Pictures Television had secured the rights to Gabaldon's Outlander series, with Moore attached to develop the project and Jim Kohlberg (Story Mining and Supply Co) producing.[4] Sony closed the deal with Starz in November 2012,[5] and Moore hired a writing team in April 2013.[6] That June, Starz picked up the Outlander project for a sixteen-episode order,[7] and in August it was announced that John Dahl would be directing the first two episodes.[8] Starz CEO Chris Albrecht later said that he had greenlighted several genre projects, including Outlander, to shift the network's series development toward "audiences that were being underserved" to "drive a real fervent fan base that then becomes the kind of advocacy group for the shows themselves".[9] Calling it "a different kind of show than has ever been on, in my memory", Albrecht believed that Outlander's combination of fantasy, action, a strong central romance and a feminist focus would set it apart.[9]

text: Another distinguishing feature of the show is its use of Scottish Gaelic. Àdhamh Ó Broin is the language consultant[10] and Griogair Labhruidh sang in Gaelic on the second season's soundtrack.[11]

text: On August 15, 2014, after only the pilot episode had aired, the network renewed the series for a second season of at least thirteen episodes, based on the second book in Gabaldon's series, Dragonfly in Amber.[12] On June 1, 2016, Starz renewed the series for a third and fourth season, which will adapt the third and fourth Outlander novels, Voyager and Drums of Autumn.[13]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Moore said of the pilot: "There's a lot of things we did in the first thirty to forty minutes that aren't in the book or are compilations of things that happened in the book". He emphasised that he did not want to present the time-travel dimension in a traditional special effects-laden science fiction manner.[14] Describing the adaptation of the first season as "straightforward", he explained: "it was always kind of clear what the basic structure was: Claire’s trying to get home, then she meets this guy, now she’s falling in love, now she has a conflict, will she go home. You lay it out in a very linear fashion".[15] Regarding the darker tone of the season's second half, he said: "the show becomes more complicated and the emotional journey more wrenching".[16]

text: Regarding the second season and the source novel Dragonfly in Amber, Moore said:

text: The book is a more complicated structure in terms of how Diana [Gabaldon] wrote it ... So it was not as easy an adaptation as the first season was ... Book 2 is just a more complex book. It’s laid out very differently, as a result it took more wrangling to try to figure out how to translate this particular story into our season. There were more complications, there were more characters ... It was a bigger task. The thing that gives me the most comfort is that Diana likes it a lot. She had said, 'Oh, I really liked the way you did it. it was a difficult plot, I know, but I think you really found the essence of it. You really found the through line that really defines what this part of the journey is.' ... It’s not going to be a literal adaptation because I don’t think that’s possible with the second book ... But I think it’s very much the same story, the major characters are all represented, the major scenes are all represented, and it still gets you to all the same places you want to go.[15]

text: Gabaldon was employed as consultant to the TV production.[17] When asked in June 2015 about the adaptation of the first season, she said: "I think they did condense it very effectively ... I ended up getting most of the things that I felt strongly about in there. There were only a few instances where the most important stuff in my opinion didn't get in".[18] In March 2015, she said of the scripts for season two: "The Parisian stuff is very good, and in fact I'm deeply impressed by the outlines I've seen ... I think they've done a wonderful job of pulling out the most important plot elements and arranging them in a convincing way".[19] Gabaldon wrote the screenplay for the 2016 season two episode "Vengeance is Mine".[20]

text: According to Moore, the writing and pre-production for season four began while season three was still in active production.[21]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On July 9, 2013, it was announced that Sam Heughan had been cast as Jamie Fraser, the male lead.[22] Tobias Menzies was the second actor cast, on August 8, in dual roles as both Frank and Jonathan Randall,[23] and on September 4 Graham McTavish and Gary Lewis were cast as the brothers MacKenzie.[24] On September 11 it was announced that Irish actress Caitriona Balfe had been cast to play Claire Beauchamp Randall.[25] The series later added Lotte Verbeek as Geillis Duncan and Laura Donnelly as Jamie's sister Jenny in October 2013.[26]

text: In December 2013, Simon Callow was cast in the supporting role of Duke of Sandringham,[27][28] and Entertainment Weekly reported in April 2014 that Steven Cree would portray Ian Murray.[29] Bill Paterson was cast as lawyer Ned Gowan in June 2014.[30][31] Author Gabaldon has a cameo as Iona MacTavish in the August 2014 episode "The Gathering".[32] In August 2014 it was announced that Frazer Hines had been cast in the role of a prison warden in an episode to air in 2015. From 1966 to 1969, Hines had portrayed the Doctor Who character Jamie McCrimmon, who Gabaldon said had inspired the setting of the Outlander series and the character of Jamie Fraser.[33] Hines plays Sir Fletcher Gordon, an English prison warden, in the May 2015 episode "Wentworth Prison".[34]

text: In June 2015, the series cast Andrew Gower as the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart;[35] Robert Cavanah as Jamie’s Scottish cousin Jared, a wine merchant and Jacobite living in Paris;[36] Margaux Châtelier as Annalise de Marillac, Jamie's French ex-lover;[37] and Laurence Dobiesz as Alex Randall, Black Jack's younger–and gentler–brother.[38] Other cast added for season 2 include Romann Berrux as the French pickpocket Fergus,[35] Rosie Day as the baronet's daughter Mary Hawkins,[39] Stanley Weber as Le Comte St. Germain,[40] Dominique Pinon as healer Master Raymond,[35] Marc Duret as French Minister of Finance Joseph Duverney,[37] Frances de la Tour as Mother Hildegarde,[41] and Audrey Brisson as Sister Angelique.[42] In July 2015, Lionel Lingelser was cast as King Louis XV of France.[43] Moore revealed June 2015 that Verbeek would be returning in the role of Geillis.[44] Richard Rankin was cast as Roger Wakefield in December 2015,[45] while Sophie Skelton was chosen to portray Brianna Randall, Claire and Jamie's daughter, in January 2016.[46]

text: In August 2016, Starz announced that David Berry had been cast as Lord John William Grey for season three.[47][48][49] In September, Wil Johnson was cast as Joe Abernathy, and John Bell as "Young Ian" Fraser Murray.[50] In October, César Domboy was cast as an adult Fergus, and Lauren Lyle as Laoghaire's daughter Marsali MacKimmie.[51] Hannah James and Tanya Reynolds were cast as sisters Geneva and Isobel Dunsany in November 2016.[52]

text: In October 2017, two season four roles were announced. Maria Doyle Kennedy was cast as Jamie's Aunt Jocasta and Ed Speleers as Stephen Bonnet, an Irish pirate and smuggler.[53] The casting of Colin McFarlane as Jocasta's slave butler Ulysses was announced in January 2018.[54]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In July 2013, British Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne confirmed that the production would benefit from the Creative Sector Tax Relief programme implemented in the UK in 2012, which extends film tax reliefs to high-end television productions.[55] The Scottish government also agreed to help pay for the conversion of a warehouse complex on the outskirts of Cumbernauld in North Lanarkshire into a film studio.[56] Principal photography began on location in Scotland in September 2013.[57] The Cumbernauld studios were used for on set filming, with location shoots taking place at Doune Castle, Stirling; mills in East Linton, East Lothian; Newtonmore in the Scottish Highlands; Rothiemurchus Forest, Aviemore; quarries near Bathgate, West Lothian and Aberfoyle, Stirling.[30] Other locations include Loch Rannoch in the Highlands and Falkland and Culross in Fife.[57]

text: Filming for season two began in April 2015, to air in spring 2016.[58] The primary setting for the season is Paris, which Moore explained is being recreated using other locations. Some interiors were filmed on the show's Scotland soundstages, while Prague was used for the exterior street scenes and the Palace of Versailles. In addition some palaces in the south of England which have French rooms and architecture were used as Parisian interiors and part of Versailles.[15][59] Moore noted that season two of Outlander "will look completely different than season one" with a "richer, more dynamic kind of visual palette".[15] With the change of setting from Scotland to France, he said that "visually you’ve moved from the heavy woods and stone of season 1 into the finery of the Parisian apartments".[15] He explained:

text: Everything about Paris is so completely different, especially the costumes ... It’s the most stylish city in the world during this time. A lot more money. A lot of finery. Scotland is featuring a lot of heavy wools and more organic colors. In Paris everyone wants to be a peacock. You’ve got a much wider palette of textiles and colors and styles than you did in Scotland. It’s a completely different world. And that kind of goes across the board for all the departments ... There were really no sets or pieces of sets that we could use for Paris that we’d used for Scotland ... There are carriages, there are servants with livery, there are props and furniture. It’s completely different. It’s a whole new show.[15]

text: Production on the third season began in September 2016 in Scotland, and filming took place in Cape Town from March to June 2017.[60] Filming completed on June 16, 2017.[61]

text: In August 2017, Moore said that for season four, locations in Scotland would double as 18th century America, and some of the mountains and rivers of North Carolina would be recreated using locations in Eastern Europe.[21]

text: Music[edit]

text: The music is composed by Bear McCreary. The title song is an adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's poem Sing me a Song of a Lad that is Gone, set to the tune of the Scottish folk song "The Skye Boat Song".[62] For the first half of season two, the second verse of the opening theme is sung in French to reflect the season's French setting.[63]

text: Release[edit]

text: Outlander premiered in the U.S. on August 9, 2014.[1][2] Its first eight episodes aired through September, and the remaining eight episodes of season one resumed in April 2015.[64][65] The first-season finale aired on May 30, 2015.[66]

text: Outlander debuted in Australia on SoHo on August 14, 2014,[67] and began airing in Canada on Showcase on August 24, 2014.[68] The series also premiered on October 21, 2014, in Ireland.[69] In the United Kingdom, it was acquired by Amazon Prime Instant Video,[70] where it premiered on March 26, 2015.[71] In April 2015, The Herald reported that emails leaked in the Sony Pictures Entertainment hack suggested that the broadcast delay in the UK may have been due to sensitivity about the September 2014 Scottish independence referendum.[72]

text: The second season of thirteen episodes premiered on April 9, 2016,[73] and the thirteen-episode third season premiered on September 10, 2017.[74] Moore stated in August 2017 that he hopes that the fourth season will premiere in Fall 2018.[21]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The first season scored 73 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 34 reviews, which were "generally favorable",[75] while the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 91% "certified fresh" critics rating with an average rating of 7.92/10 based on 49 reviews. The website consensus reads: "Outlander is a unique, satisfying adaptation of its source material, brought to life by lush scenery and potent chemistry between its leads".[76]

text: The Huffington Post called the first episode "... A masterpiece of impressive depth ... It is amazing!"[77] Entertainment Weekly gave the premiere an "A-" rating, writing that it was "sexy and smart and stirring".[2] Matt Zoller Seitz of New York magazine also praised the series, calling it "defiantly its own thing: part romance-novel fantasy, part-time-travel story, and part wartime drama (set across two time periods)".[78] Sonia Saraiya of The A.V. Club gave the first six episodes an A, writing that it "does for 1743 Scotland what Downton Abbey does for 1912 England", and adding that "Outlander succeeds admirably ... it refuses to sit comfortably in any genre."[79]

text: British reception was more mixed. In the first UK review, Siobhan Synnot of The Scotsman said "There has not been such a proud display of tartanalia[80] since the opening of the 2014 Commonwealth Games".[81] Alastair McKay of The Evening Standard quoted Saraiya's comparison with Downton Abbey, adding "[The comparison] is entirely correct. It is magical-mystical heuchter-teuchter cobblers."[82] Euan Ferguson of The Observer called it "gorgeous drivel"[83] and Thomas Batten of The Guardian stated "If you love the scenery, shifting allegiances, and palace intrigue of [Game of Thrones] but find yourself wishing the pace were a little slower and that the sex scenes were filmed in a more pretentious manner with lots of slow pans and softer lighting, here’s your show."[84] Graeme Virtue noted "the rather languid pace of the opening episodes" but praised the show's "rare acknowledgment of the female gaze" in its treatment of sex scenes.[85] The Daily Telegraph also made the Game of Thrones comparison,[86] while The Independent stated "...yes, it's a time-travelling, wish-fulfilment fantasy but it's done with such flair and attention to detail that it's impossible not to hop on board for the ride."[87]

text: The second season received positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the season has a score of 85 out of 100 based on 11 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[88] On Rotten Tomatoes, it reports a 97% "certified fresh" rating with an average rating of 8.28/10 based on 20 reviews. The website consensus reads: "Outlander returns for a second addictive season of mystery and sweeping romance as Claire and Jamie take on Paris."[89] Based on five episodes for review, Marah Eakin of The A.V. Club gave it a perfect "A" grade and wrote, "It's not just well-written and lovely to look at. It's downright immersive. ... Outlander feels important–even moreso in its second season."[90]

text: The third season has received positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the season has a score of 87 out of 100 based on 6 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[91] Rotten Tomatoes reports a 95% "certified fresh" rating with 8.08/10 based on 15 reviews. The website consensus reads: "Outlander's epic love story returns with the same strong storytelling and an added layer of maturity."[92] Based on six episodes for review, Liz Shannon Miller of IndieWire gave it an "A"-grade review and wrote, "This is a show that's grown and matured since its initial premiere in ways that defied our initial expectations."[93]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2014
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Most Exciting New Series
Outlander
Won
[94]

2015
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Cable Sci-Fi/Fantasy Show
Won
[95]

Saturn Awards
Best Actor on Television
Tobias Menzies
Nominated
[96][97]

Best Actress on Television
Caitriona Balfe
Won

Best Supporting Actor on Television
Sam Heughan
Nominated

Best Television Presentation
Outlander
Nominated

Irish Film & Television Awards
Best Actress in a Lead Role Drama
Caitriona Balfe
Nominated
[98][99]

Rising Star Award
Nominated

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score)
Bear McCreary for "Sassenach"
Nominated
[100]

2016
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor
Sam Heughan
Nominated
[101]

Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress
Caitriona Balfe
Won

Favorite Cable TV Sci-Fi/Fantasy Show
Outlander
Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Actress – Television Series Drama
Caitriona Balfe
Nominated
[102]

Best Television Series – Drama
Outlander
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Tobias Menzies
Nominated

Costume Designers Guild Awards
Outstanding Period Television Series
Terry Dresbach
Nominated
[103]

Critics' Choice Awards
Most Bingeworthy Series
Outlander
Won
[104]

Women's Image Network Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
Outlander for "The Garrison Commander"
Won
[105]

Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series
Caitriona Balfe for "The Garrison Commander"
Won

Outstanding Show Written by a Woman
Anne Kenney for "The Wedding"
Nominated

Toni Graphia for "The Devil's Mark"
Won

Outstanding Show Directed by a Woman
Anna Foerster for "The Wedding"
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Actress on Television
Caitriona Balfe
Won
[106][107]

Best Actor on Television
Sam Heughan
Nominated

Best Fantasy TV Series
Outlander
Won

Irish Film & Television Awards
Best Actress in a Lead Role Drama
Caitriona Balfe
Nominated
[108]

Costume Society of America
Costume Design Award
Terry Dresbach
Won
[109]

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Costumes for a Period/Fantasy Series, Limited Series or Movie
Terry Dresbach, Elle Wilson, Nadine Powell and Anna Lau for "Not in Scotland Anymore"
Nominated
[100]

Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Period Program (One Hour or More)
Jon Gary Steele, Nicki McCallum and Gina Cromwell for "Not in Scotland Anymore" and "Faith"
Nominated

BAFTA Scotland Awards
Television drama
Production Team – Tall Ship Productions, Story Mining & Supply Co., Left Bank Pictures, Sony Pictures Television/Amazon Prime Instant Video
Nominated
[110]

Best Actor in Television
Sam Heughan
Nominated

Best Actress in Television
Caitriona Balfe
Won

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Actor in a Drama Series
Sam Heughan
Nominated
[111]

Best Actress in a Drama Series
Caitriona Balfe
Nominated

Most Bingeworthy Series
Outlander
Won

Scottish Gaelic Awards
International Award
Àdhamh Ó Broin
Won
[112]

Hollywood Professional Association Awards
Outstanding Color Grading – Television
Steven Porter for "Faith"
Nominated
[113]

Outstanding Sound – Television
Nello Torri, Alan Decker, Brian Milliken, Vince Balunas for "Prestonpans"
Won

2017
People's Choice Awards
Favorite TV Show
Outlander
Won
[114]

Favorite Premium Sci-Fi/Fantasy Series
Outlander
Won

Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor
Sam Heughan
Won

Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress
Caitriona Balfe
Won

Globes de Cristal Award
Best Foreign Television Series
Outlander
Nominated
[115]

Satellite Awards
Best Ensemble: Television
Outlander
Won
[116]

Best Genre Series
Outlander
Won

Outstanding Blu-ray
Outlander
Won

American Society of Cinematographers
Regular Series for Non-Commercial Television
Neville Kidd for "Prestonpans"
Nominated
[117]

Golden Globe Awards
Best Actress – Television Series Drama
Caitriona Balfe
Nominated
[118]

Oscar Wilde Awards

Caitriona Balfe
Won
[119]

Women's Image Network Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
Outlander
Won
[120]

Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series
Caitriona Balfe
Nominated

Outstanding Show Written by a Woman
Diana Gabaldon for "Vengeance Is Mine"
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Television Series
Outlander
Won
[121]

Best Actor on a Television Series
Sam Heughan
Nominated

Best Actress on a Television Series
Caitriona Balfe
Nominated

Best Guest Performance on a Television Series
Dominique Pinon
Nominated

Irish Film & Television Awards
Best Actress in a Lead Role in Drama
Caitriona Balfe
Nominated
[122]

Rockie Awards
Sci-Fi, Fantasy and Action
Outlander
Nominated
[123]

2018
16th Visual Effects Society Awards
Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Photoreal Episode
Richard Briscoe, Elicia Bessette, Aladino Debert, Filip Orrby, Doug Hardy for "Eye of the Storm"
Nominated
[124]

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Episode, Commercial, or Real-Time Project
Jason Mortimer, Navin Pinto, Greg Teegarden, Steve Ong for "Eye of the Storm" – Stormy Seas
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Television Series
Outlander
Pending
[125]

Best Actor on Television
Sam Heughan
Pending

Best Actress on Television
Caitriona Balfe
Pending

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The first eight episodes averaged more than 5.1 million multiplatform viewers per episode.[126] In July 2015, noting Outlander's strong ratings, its "vocal online fandom and a slew of think pieces tied to its feminist twists on the action genre", Josef Adalian of Vulture.com credited Outlander as one of the series responsible for Starz's increased success against competitors like Showtime.[9]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13
Ep. 14
Ep. 15
Ep. 16

1
0.72
0.90
1.00
0.84
0.95
1.10
1.23
1.42
1.22
0.86
1.09
1.11
1.05
1.08
1.01
0.98

2
1.46
1.24
1.21
1.17
1.13
1.03
1.10
1.06
0.94
0.82
0.86
1.05
1.15
N/A

3
1.49
1.40
1.55
1.59
1.60
1.72
1.52
1.64
1.49
1.23
1.40
1.51
1.43
N/A


document_title: NYLON

question_text: where did the word nylon come from wikipedia

text: NYLON

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text: The portmanteau NYLON, also spelled NYLon or, less often, NY-Lon, starts with the concept of New York City and London as twin cities – the financial and cultural capitals of the English-speaking world – and takes the concept a step further, treating the two cities as "a single city separated by an ocean".[1] There is a community of high-earning professionals who commute with extreme frequency – sometimes several days in a given week – between New York and London on transatlantic flights.

text: To satisfy the tastes of this particular community, businesses such as Time Out and Conran have branches in both cities. The theatre industries of both cities are also sometimes said to be closely related and/or collaborative: most shows originating in London's West End circulate through Broadway theater and vice versa, for example.[2]