document_title: China and the United Nations

question_text: when did china become permanent member of un security council

root

text: China and the United Nations

text: Activity[edit]

text: The Republic of China used its Security Council veto only once, to stop the admission of the Mongolian People's Republic to the United Nations in 1955 on the grounds it recognized all of Mongolia as part of China.[5][6][7]

tag: p

text: As of June 2012[update], the People's Republic of China had used its Security Council veto eight times, fewer than other countries with the veto: in 1972 to veto the admission of Bangladesh (which it recognized as a province of Pakistan), in 1973 (in conjunction with the Soviet Union) to veto a resolution on the ceasefire in the Yom Kippur War, in 1997 to veto ceasefire observers to Guatemala (which recognised the ROC as the legitimate government of China),[8] in 1999 to veto an extension of observers to the Republic of Macedonia (same),[9] in 2007 (in conjunction with Russia) to veto criticizing Myanmar (Burma) on its human rights record,[10] in 2008 (with Russia) to veto sanctions against Zimbabwe,[11] in 2011 (with Russia) to veto sanctions against Syria,[12] and in February 2012 (with Russia) to veto for the second time a draft resolution calling for foreign military intervention in Syria.[13]

text: The ROC co-founded the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in 1943 (prior to the establishment of UN)[14] and is one of four members of its policy-making Central Committee.[15] UNRRA provided supplies and services to areas under occupation by the Axis Powers. The largest project undertaken by UNRRA was the China program which had a total estimated cost of $658.4 million. UNRRA China Office was opened in Shanghai at the end of 1944, and operated until the official termination of the office on 31 December 1947. Final work and responsibilities were finished by March, 1948.[16] UNRRA cooperated with Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, led by Jiang Tingfu, to distribute relief supplies in China.[17] UNRRA functions were later transferred to several UN agencies, including the International Refugee Organization and the World Health Organization.

text: Peng Chun Chang of ROC was the Vice-Chairman of United Nations Commission on Human Rights that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.[18] Eleanor Roosevelt, as the driving force behind the Declaration, recalled in her memoirs:

text: Dr. Chang was a pluralist and held forth in charming fashion on the proposition that there is more than one kind of ultimate reality. The Declaration, he said, should reflect more than simply Western ideas and Dr. Humphrey would have to be eclectic in his approach...at one point Dr. Chang suggested that the Secretariat might well spend a few months studying the fundamentals of Confucianism!

text: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly as Resolution 217 A(III) on 10 December 1948, as the result of the experience of the Second World War.[19] The ROC was one of the 48 states that voted for it.

text: On 1 February 1951, after cease fire negotiations failed, United Nations General Assembly passed resolution 498 and called the intervention of the People's Republic of China in Korea an act of aggression.[20]

text: As of June 2012[update], China had sent 3,362 military personnel to 13 UN peacekeeping operations in its first dispatch of military observers to the United Nations peacekeeping operations since military team to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

text: The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. The Court has jurisdiction if a situation is referred to the Court by the United Nations Security Council. As of May 2013, 122 states have ratified or acceded to the Rome Statute that established the Court, but the PRC is not one of them. The PRC, as well its neighbouring rival India, has been critical of the Court.[21]

text: China ranked 7th among member states for contributing 3.93% of United Nations Peacekeeping operations budget for 2013–2015. United States ranked first by contributing 27.14%.[22]

text: The 1954 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).[23] The Nobel Foundation noted that UNHCR, among other contributions, was asked by UN General Assembly (Resolution 1167[24] and 1784[25]), in 1957 and again in 1962, to assist Chinese refugees in Hong Kong[26][27] whose numbers are estimated at over one million. UNHCR assistance was also given to needy refugees among the Chinese refugees in Macao, and the Tibetan refugees in India and Nepal.[23] India hosted some 110,000 Tibetan refugees as of the end of 2001.[28] UNHCR estimates that there are 15,000 Tibetans who arrived in Nepal prior to 1990 and were recognized by the Government as refugees.[29]

text: History[edit]

text: Republic of China in the UN (1945–1971)[edit]

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tag: table

text:
Republic of China

United Nations membership

Membership
Former full member

Dates
October 24, 1945 (1945-10-24) – October 25, 1971 (1971-10-25)

UNSC seat
Permanent

Permanent Representatives

Tsiang Tingfu (first)
Quo Tai-chi
Liu Chieh (last)

text: The Republic of China (ROC) was a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the Security Council until 1971. The ROC joined the United Nations as a founding member on 24 October 1945.

text: The "Big Four" victors of World War II (Nationalist China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) [30] were the founding members of the United Nations that drafted the United Nations Charter in 1944, which was ratified on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of 50 countries.[31] China, in recognition of its long-standing fight against aggression, was accorded the honor of being the first to sign UN Charter.[3] President Franklin Roosevelt had acknowledged China's war effort in World War II and stated his desire to allow China to "play its proper role in maintaining peace and prosperity" in the world.[32] Thus, despite opposition from other leaders, especially Winston Churchill,[33] China became a permanent member of the Security Council from its creation in 1945.

text: In 1949, the Communist Party of China won the Chinese Civil War in mainland China and established the People's Republic of China (PRC), claiming to be the sole legitimate government of China. The ROC government retreated to the island of Taiwan (which it gained control of in 1945 at the end of hostilities in WWII), Quemoy Island, and the Matsu Islands. Until 1991, the ROC also actively claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China, and during the 1950s and 1960s this claim was accepted by the United States and most of its allies. While the PRC was an ally of the Soviet Union, the U.S. sought to prevent the Communist bloc from gaining another permanent seat in the Security Council. To protest the exclusion of the PRC, Soviet representatives boycotted the UN from January to August 1950, so they didn't veto the intervention of UN military forces in Korea.

text: The ROC complained to the UN against the Soviet Union for violating the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and the United Nations Charter in 1949; as a result, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 291 and 292, referring the complaint "to the Interim Committee of the General Assembly for continuous examination and study".[34] In 1952, the United Nations General Assembly found that the Soviet Union prevented the National Government of the ROC from re-establishing Chinese authority in Manchuria after Japan surrendered, and gave military and economic aid to the Chinese Communists, who founded the PRC in 1949, against the National Government of the ROC. Resolution 505 was passed to condemn the Soviet Union with 25 countries supporting, 9 countries opposing, 24 countries abstaining, and 2 countries non-voting. The resolution also affirmed the ROC as the "Central Government of China".[35][36]

text: The ROC used its veto only once. Recognition of the Soviets' violation of their friendship treaty abrogated its recognition of Mongolia's independence. It therefore vetoed its admission into the United Nations on 13 December 1955, claiming it—as Outer Mongolia—to be an integral part of China.[5][6][7] Mongolia's application had been tabled at the UN on 24 June 1946, but had been blocked by Western countries, as part of a protracted Cold War dispute about the admission of new members to the UN. The General Assembly, by Resolution 918 (X) of 8 December 1955, had recommended to the Security Council that this dispute should be ended by the admission, in a single resolution, of a list of eighteen countries. On 14 December 1955, the Security Council adopted a compromise proposed by the Soviet Union, and the General Assembly, by Resolution 995 (X), admitted sixteen countries into UN, omitting Mongolia and Japan from the list.[37][38] This postponed the admission of Mongolia until 1961, when the Soviet Union agreed to lift its veto on the admission of Mauritania, in return for the admission of Mongolia. Faced with pressure from nearly all the other African countries, the ROC relented under protest. Mongolia and Mauritania were both admitted to the UN on 27 October 1961.[39] The same year, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1668 made China's representation an "important question" requiring a two-thirds majority vote to alter.

text: From the 1960s onwards, nations friendly to the PRC, led by the People's Republic of Albania under Enver Hoxha, moved an annual resolution in the General Assembly to expel the "representatives of Chiang Kai-shek" (an implicit reference to the ROC) and permit the PRC to represent China at the UN. Every year the United States was able to assemble enough votes to block this resolution. Both sides rejected compromise proposals to allow both states to participate in the UN, based on the One-China policy.[40]

text: The admission of newly independent developing nations in the 1960s gradually turned the General Assembly from being Western-dominated to being dominated by countries sympathetic to Beijing. Not only the newly founded developing countries, but also most of the Western countries eventually decided to recognise the PRC. During the 1950s and 1960s, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, and France shifted their recognition of China from Taipei to Beijing. In the early 1970s, Canada, Turkey, and more western countries established diplomatic relations with the PRC, and severed diplomatic relations with the ROC.

text: In a Security Council meeting on 9 February 1971, Somalia objected to the credentials of the representative of Republic of China as China representation, and ROC and the United States responded that the question of China's representation should not be dealt with in the Security Council.[41][42]

text: Seeking to place more diplomatic pressure on the Soviet Union, American president Richard Nixon sent his national security advisor Henry Kissinger on two trips to the People's Republic of China in July and October 1971 (the first of which was made in secret via Pakistan) to confer with Premier Zhou Enlai, then in charge of Chinese foreign policy.[43][44][45] His trips paved the way for the groundbreaking 1972 summit between Nixon, Zhou, and Communist Party of China Chairman Mao Zedong, as well as the formalization of relations between the two countries, ending 23 years of diplomatic isolation and mutual hostility in favor of a tacit strategic anti-Soviet alliance between China and the United States.

text: On 15 July 1971, 17 UN members requested that a question of the "Restoration of the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations" be placed on the provisional agenda of the twenty-sixth session of the UN General Assembly, claiming that the PRC, a "founding member of the United Nations and a permanent member of the Security Council, had since 1949 been refused by systematic maneuvers the right to occupy the seat to which it is entitled ipso jure". On 25 September 1971, a draft resolution, A/L.630 and Add.l and 2, was submitted by 23 states including 17 of the states which had joined in placing the question on the agenda, to "restore to the People's Republic of China all its rights and expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek." On 29 September 1971, another draft resolution, A/L.632 and Add.l and 2, sponsored by 22 members, was proposed declaring that any proposal to deprive the Republic of China of representation was an important question under Article 18 of the UN Charter, and thus would require a two-thirds supermajority for approval. A/L.632 and Add.l and 2 was rejected on 25 October 1971 by a vote of 59 to 55, with 15 abstentions.

text: Saudi Arabia submitted a proposition allowing the ROC to retain its seat at the UN and its affiliated organizations "until the people of the Island of Taiwan are enabled by a referendum or a plebiscite" under the auspices of the UN to choose among three options: continued independence as a sovereign state with a neutral status defined by a treaty recorded by the UN; a confederation with the PRC; or a federation with the PRC,[46] but was not supported by the United States.[47]

text: On 25 October 1971, the United States moved that a separate vote be taken on the provisions in the resolution "to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupied at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it" in the draft resolution. This motion would have allowed the PRC to join the UN as "China's representative",[clarification needed] while allowing the ROC to remain a regular UN member (if there had been enough votes for it). The motion was rejected by a vote of 61 to 51, with 16 abstentions. The representative of ROC made a declaration that the rejection of the 22-power draft resolution calling for a two-thirds majority was a flagrant violation of the United Nations Charter which governed the expulsion of Member States and that the delegation of the Republic of China had decided not to take part in any further proceedings of the General Assembly.[41] With the support from 26 African UN Member States[48] and in accordance with Article 18 of the UN Charter,[49] the Assembly then adopted Resolution 2758, with 76 countries supporting, 35 countries opposing, 17 countries abstaining, and 3 countries non-voting, withdrawing recognition of the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek as the legitimate representative of China, and recognizing the Government of PRC as the only legitimate representative of China to the United Nations.[50][51] At a Security Council meeting on 23 November 1971, after the General Assembly passed Resolution 2758, the President of the Council and the other representatives made statements welcoming the representatives of the People's Republic of China. The ROC lost not only its Security Council seat, but any representation in the UN.[41]

text:
Voting records of the United Nations General Assembly Resolutions 505 and 2758

Member state
Resolution 505
Resolution 2758

 AFGHANISTAN
Abstention
Yes

 ALBANIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 ALGERIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 ARGENTINA
Abstention
Abstention

 AUSTRALIA
Abstention
No

 AUSTRIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 BAHRAIN
Not member state yet
Abstention

 BARBADOS
Not member state yet
Abstention

 BELGIUM
Abstention
Yes

 BHUTAN
Not member state yet
Yes

 BOLIVIA
Yes
No

 BOTSWANA
Not member state yet
Yes

/ BRAZIL
Yes
No

 BULGARIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 BURMA
No
Yes

 BURUNDI
Not member state yet
Yes

 BYELORUSSIAN SSR
No
Yes

 CAMEROON
Not member state yet
Yes

/ CANADA
Abstention
Yes

 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Not member state yet
No

 CEYLON
Not member state yet
Yes

 CHAD
Not member state yet
No

 CHILE
Yes
Yes

 CHINA
Yes
Non-voting

 COLOMBIA
Yes
Abstention

 CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE)
Not member state yet
Yes

 CONGO (LEOPOLDVILLE)
Not member state yet
No

 COSTA RICA
Yes
No

 CUBA
Yes
Yes

 CYPRUS
Not member state yet
Abstention

 CZECHOSLOVAKIA
No
Yes

 DAHOMEY
Not member state yet
No

 DEMOCRATIC YEMEN
Not member state yet
Yes

 DENMARK
Abstention
Yes

 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Yes
No

 ECUADOR
Yes
Yes

/ EGYPT
Abstention
Yes

 EL SALVADOR
Non-voting
No

 EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Not member state yet
Yes

 ETHIOPIA
Abstention
Yes

 FIJI
Not member state yet
Abstention

 FINLAND
Not member state yet
Yes

 FRANCE
Abstention
Yes

 GABON
Not member state yet
No

 GAMBIA
Not member state yet
No

 GHANA
Not member state yet
Yes

/ GREECE
Yes
Abstention

 GUATEMALA
Abstention
No

 GUINEA
Not member state yet
Yes

 GUYANA
Not member state yet
Yes

/ HAITI
Yes
No

 HONDURAS
Yes
No

 HUNGARY
Not member state yet
Yes

 ICELAND
Abstention
Yes

 INDIA
No
Yes

 INDONESIA
No
Abstention

 IRAN || Abstention || Yes

/ IRAQ
Yes
Yes

 IRELAND
Not member state yet
Yes

 ISRAEL
No
Yes

 ITALY
Not member state yet
Yes

 IVORY COAST
Not member state yet
No

 JAMAICA
Not member state yet
Abstention

 JAPAN
Not member state yet
No

 JORDAN
Not member state yet
Abstention

 KENYA
Not member state yet
Yes

 KHMER REPUBLIC
Not member state yet
No

 KUWAIT
Not member state yet
Yes

 LAOS
Not member state yet
Yes

 LEBANON
Yes
Abstention

 LESOTHO
Not member state yet
No

 LIBERIA
Yes
No

 LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Not member state yet
Yes

 LUXEMBOURG
Abstention
Abstention

 MADAGASCAR
Not member state yet
No

 MALAWI
Not member state yet
No

 MALAYSIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 MALDIVES
Not member state yet
Non-voting

 MALI
Not member state yet
Yes

 MALTA
Not member state yet
No

 MAURITANIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 MAURITIUS
Not member state yet
Abstention

/ MEXICO
Abstention
Yes

 MONGOLIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 MOROCCO
Not member state yet
Yes

 NEPAL
Not member state yet
Yes

 NETHERLANDS
Abstention
Yes

 NEW ZEALAND
Abstention
No

 NICARAGUA
Yes
No

 NIGER
Not member state yet
No

 NIGERIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 NORWAY
Abstention
Yes

 OMAN
Not member state yet
Non-voting

 PAKISTAN
Abstention
Yes

 PANAMA
Yes
Abstention

/ PARAGUAY
Yes
No

 PERU
Yes
Yes

 PHILIPPINES
Yes
No

 POLAND
No
Yes

 PORTUGAL
Not member state yet
Yes

 QATAR
Not member state yet
Abstention

 ROMANIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 RWANDA
Not member state yet
Yes

 SAUDI ARABIA
Abstention
No

 SENEGAL
Not member state yet
Yes

 SIERRA LEONE
Not member state yet
Yes

 SINGAPORE
Not member state yet
Yes

 SOMALIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 SOUTH AFRICA (UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA in 1952)
Non-voting
No

/ SOVIET UNION
No
Yes

 SPAIN
Not member state yet
Abstention

 SUDAN
Not member state yet
Yes

 SWAZILAND
Not member state yet
No

 SWEDEN
Abstention
Yes

/ SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (SYRIA in 1952)
Abstention
Yes

 THAILAND
Yes
Abstention

 TOGO
Not member state yet
Yes

 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Not member state yet
Yes

 TUNISIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 TURKEY
Yes
Yes

 UGANDA
Not member state yet
Yes

 UKRAINIAN SSR
No
Yes

 UNITED KINGDOM
Abstention
Yes

 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
Not member state yet
Yes

/ UNITED STATES
Yes
No

 UPPER VOLTA
Not member state yet
No

 URUGUAY
Yes
No

/ VENEZUELA
Yes
No

/ YEMEN
Abstention
Yes

 YUGOSLAVIA
Abstention
Yes

 ZAMBIA
Not member state yet
Yes

text: Efforts to reintroduce the ROC to the UN[edit]

text: Following the adoption of Resolution 2758, the Republic of China was no longer represented by a Permanent Representative at the UN. In addition to losing its seat in the UN, the UN Secretary-General concluded from the resolution that the General Assembly considered Taiwan to be a province of China, and thus it does not permit the ROC to become a party treaties for which it is the depository.[52]

text: In 1993 the ROC began campaigning to rejoin the UN separately from the People's Republic of China. A number of options were considered, including seeking membership in the specialized agencies, applying for observer status, applying for full membership, or having resolution 2758 revoked to reclaim the seat of China in the UN.[53]

text: Every year from 1993–2006, UN member states submitted a memorandum to the UN Secretary-General requesting that the UN General Assembly consider allowing the ROC to resume participating in the United Nations.[54] This approach was chosen, rather than a formal application for membership, because it could be enacted by the General Assembly, while a membership application would need Security Council approval, where the PRC held a veto.[53] Early proposals recommended admitting the ROC with parallel representation over China, along with the People's Republic of China, pending eventual reunification, citing examples of other divided countries which had become separate UN member states, such as East and West Germany and North and South Korea. Later proposals emphasized that the ROC was a separate state, over which the PROC had no effective sovereignty. These proposed resolutions referred to the ROC under a variety of names: "Republic of China in Taiwan" (1993–94), "Republic of China on Taiwan" (1995–97, 1999–2002), "Republic of China" (1998), "Republic of China (Taiwan)" (2003) and "Taiwan" (2004–06).

text: However, all fourteen attempts were unsuccessful as the General Assembly's General Committee declined to put the issue on the Assembly's agenda for debate, under strong opposition from the PRC.[55]

text: While all these proposals were vague, requesting the ROC be allowed to participate in UN activities without specifying any legal mechanism, in 2007 the ROC submitted a formal application under the name "Taiwan" for full membership in the UN.[56] On 15 September 2007, over 3,000 Taiwanese Americans and their supporters rallied in front of the UN building in New York City,[57] and over 300,000 Taiwanese people rallied in Taiwan,[58] all in support of the ROC joining the UN. The ROC also won the backing of many Members of the European Parliament on this issue.[59] However, the application was rejected by the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs citing General Assembly Resolution 2758,[60] without being forwarded to the Security Council. Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon stated that:

text: The position of the United Nations is that the People's Republic of China is representing the whole of China as the sole and legitimate representative Government of China. The decision until now about the wish of the people in Taiwan to join the United Nations has been decided on that basis. The resolution (General Assembly Resolution 2758) that you just mentioned is clearly mentioning that the Government of China is the sole and legitimate Government and the position of the United Nations is that Taiwan is part of China.[61]

text: Responding to the UN's rejection of its application, the ROC government has stated that Taiwan is not now nor has it ever been under the jurisdiction of the PRC, and that since General Assembly Resolution 2758 did not clarify the issue of Taiwan's representation in the UN, it does not prevent Taiwan's participation in the UN as an independent sovereign nation.[62] The ROC argued that Resolution 2758 merely transferred the UN seat from the ROC to the PRC, but did not address the issue of Taiwan's representation in the UN. The ROC government also criticized Ban for asserting that Taiwan is part of China and returning the application without passing it to the Security Council or the General Assembly,[63] contrary to UN's standard procedure (Provisional Rules of Procedure of the Security Council, Chapter X, Rule 59).[64] The ROC emphasized that the United Nations has never taken a formal stance regarding the sovereignty of Taiwan. On the other hand, the PRC government, which has stated that Taiwan is part of China and firmly opposes the application of any Taiwan authorities to join the UN either as a member or an observer, praised that UN's decision "was made in accordance with the UN Charter and Resolution 2758 of the UN General Assembly, and showed the UN and its member states' universal adherence to the one-China principle".[65] A group of UN member states put forward a draft resolution for that autumn's UN General Assembly calling on the Security Council to consider the application.[56]

text: Ban Ki-moon also came under fire for this statement from the United States via non-official channels. There are unconfirmed reports that Ban's comments prompted the US to restate its position regarding the status of Taiwan. A Heritage Foundation article suggests that the US may have presented a démarche stating among others that:

text: If the UN Secretariat insists on describing Taiwan as a part of the PRC, or on using nomenclature for Taiwan that implies such status, the United States will be obliged to disassociate itself on a national basis from such position."[66]

text: The Wall Street Journal criticized Ban Ki-moon for rejecting the ROC's July 2007 application and regarded Ban's interpretation of Resolution 2758 (that Taiwan was part of China) as erroneous.[67] Nevertheless, Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon's statement reflected long-standing UN convention and is mirrored in other documents promulgated by the United Nations. For example, the UN's "Final Clauses of Multilateral Treaties, Handbook", 2003 (a publication which predated his tenure in Office) states:

text: [r]egarding the Taiwan Province of China, the Secretary-General follows the General Assembly’s guidance incorporated in resolution 2758 (XXVI)of the General Assembly of 25 October 1971 on the restoration of the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations. The General Assembly decided to recognize the representatives of the Government of the People’s Republic of China as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations. Hence, instruments received from the Taiwan Province of China will not be accepted by the Secretary-General in his capacity as depositary.[68]

text: In 2008, two referendums by the ROC on joining the UN failed because of low voter participation. That autumn the ROC took a new approach, with its allies submitting a resolution requesting that the "Republic of China (Taiwan)" be allowed to have "meaningful participation" in the UN specialized agencies.[69] Again the issue was not put on the Assembly's agenda when the United Nations subcommittee ruled it would not let the General Assembly consider the ROC's application to join UN activities.[55][70] Shortly after this, the United States and the European Union both expressed their support for "Taiwan" (neither recognises the ROC) to have "meaningful participation" in UN agencies that do not require statehood, such as the World Health Organization.[71] In May 2009, the Department of Health of the Republic of China was invited by the World Health Organization to attend the 62nd World Health Assembly as an observer under the name "Chinese Taipei". This was the ROC's first participation in an event organized by a UN-affiliated agency since 1971, as a result of the improved cross-strait relations since Ma Ying-jeou became the President of the Republic of China a year before.[72]

text: In 2009, the ROC chose not to bring the issue of its participation in the UN up for debate at the General Assembly for the first time since it began the campaign in 1993.[73][74]

text: A 2013 United States congressional report describes US bipartisan "One China" policy as follows:

text: The United States has its own "one China" policy (vs. the PRC's "one China" principle) and position on Taiwan's status. Not recognizing the PRC's claim over Taiwan nor Taiwan as a sovereign state, U.S. policy has considered Taiwan's status as unsettled.[75]

text: The Constitution of the Republic of China still claims to be the government of the whole of China. Taiwan independence supporters say that the non-assertion of the claim is mainly due to PRC's public statement that any attempts to change the ROC constitution is interpreted as declaring independence, which will lead to "military actions" from the PRC.[citation needed] Given the PRC's attitude, even having the General Assembly admit the ROC or "Taiwan" as an observer, as with Palestine, would be problematic; the case of Palestine is different from that of the ROC because of the UN's commitment to a two-state solution for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict but not for the Taiwan issue.

text: People's Republic of China in the UN (1971–present)[edit]

text: The People's Republic of China (PRC), commonly called China today, was admitted into the UN in 1971 on the 21st time of voting on its application. The PRC was admitted into the UN on a vote of 76 in favor, 35 opposed, and 17 abstentions.[76]

text: In the 1960s and early 1970s that the United States' close ally, Pakistan, especially under the presidency of Ayub Khan, was carrying out messenger diplomacy to the PRC's entry into the UN by the United States' diplomacy to People's Republic of China in the time of Sino-Soviet split. This involved secret visits by American officials to the PRC. In 1971, Henry Kissinger made a secret visit to the PRC through Pakistan.[citation needed]

text: Since the early 1980s, and particularly since 1989, by means of vigorous monitoring and the strict maintenance of standards, United Nations human rights organizations have encouraged China to move away from its insistence on the principle of noninterference, to take part in resolutions critical of human rights conditions in other nations, and to accept the applicability to itself of human rights norms and UN procedures. Even though China has continued to suppress political dissidents at home, and appears at times resolutely defiant of outside pressure to reform, Ann Kent argues that it has gradually begun to implement some international human rights standards.[77] On human rights issues, the PRC has been increasingly influential by the bargaining of its robust Macroeconomics growth[78] for the domestic social equality.[79] In 1995, they won 43 percent of the votes in the General Assembly; by 2006 they won 82 percent.[80]

text: In the 1991 Gulf War resolution, the PRC abstained, and it voted for the ultimatum to Iraq in the period leading up to the 2003 War in Iraq. Most observers believe that the PRC would have abstained had a resolution authorizing force against Iraq in 2003 reached the Security Council.[81][82]

text: When an enlargement of the Security Council was discussed in 1995, China encouraged African states to demand their seats as a counter-move to Japan's ambitions, thereby nullified the Japanese initiative.[80]


document_title: Ahura Mazda

question_text: ancient persian god ahura is similar to the vedic god

text: Ahura Mazda

text: Nomenclature[edit]

text: "Mazda", or rather the Avestan stem-form Mazdā-, nominative Mazdå, reflects Proto-Iranian *Mazdāh (a feminine noun). It is generally taken to be the proper name of the spirit, and like its Sanskrit cognate medhās, means "intelligence" or "wisdom". Both the Avestan and Sanskrit words reflect Proto-Indo-Iranian *mazdhā-, from Proto-Indo-European *mn̩sdʰeh₁, literally meaning "placing (*dʰeh₁) one's mind (*mn̩-s)", hence "wise".[2]

text: The name was rendered as Ahuramazda (Old Persian) during the Achaemenid era, Hormazd during the Parthian era, and Ohrmazd was used during the Sassanian era.[3]

text: The name may be attested on cuneiform tablets of Assyrian Assurbanipal, in the form Assara Mazaš, though this interpretation is very controversial.[4]

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Even though Ahura Mazda was a spirit in the Old Iranian religion, he had not yet been given the title of "uncreated spirit". This title was given by Zoroaster, who proclaimed Ahura Mazda as the uncreated spirit, wholly wise, benevolent and good, as well as the creator and upholder of Asha ("truth").

text: Zoroaster's revelation[edit]

text: At the age of 30, Zoroaster received a revelation: while fetching water at dawn for a sacred ritual, he saw the shining figure of the yazata, Vohu Manah, who led Zoroaster to the presence of Ahura Mazda, where he was taught the cardinal principles of the "Good Religion" later known as Zoroastrianism. As a result of this vision, Zoroaster felt that he was chosen to spread and preach the religion.[5] He stated that this source of all goodness was the only Ahura worthy of the highest worship. He further stated that Ahura Mazda created spirits known as yazatas to aid him, who also merited devotion. Zoroaster proclaimed that all of the Iranian daevas were bad spirits and deserved no worship. These "bad" spirits were created by Angra Mainyu, the hostile and evil spirit. The existence of Angra Mainyu was the source of all sin and misery in the universe. Zoroaster claimed that Ahura Mazda was not an omnipotent God, but used the aid of humans in the cosmic struggle against Angra Mainyu. Nonetheless, Ahura Mazda is Angra Mainyu's superior, not his equal. Angra Mainyu and his daevas (destroyers), which attempt to attract humans away from the path of righteousness (asha), would eventually be destroyed.[6]

text: History[edit]

text: Achaemenid Empire[edit]

text: Whether the Achaemenids were Zoroastrians is a matter of much debate. However, it is known that the Achaemenids were worshipers of Ahura Mazda.[7] The representation and invocation of Ahura Mazda can be seen on royal inscriptions written by Achaemenid kings. The most notable of all the inscriptions is the Behistun Inscription written by Darius I which contains many references to Ahura Mazda. An inscription written in Greek was found in a late Achaemenid temple at Persepolis which invoked Ahura Mazda and two other spirits, most likely Mithra and Anahita. On the Elamite Persepolis Fortification Tablet 377, Ahura Mazda is invoked along with Mithra and Voruna (Apam Napat, probably vedic Varuna, "water-god"). Artaxerxes III makes this invocation to the three spirits again in his reign.

text: The early Achaemind period contained no representation of Ahura Mazda. The winged symbol with a male figure who was formerly regarded by European scholars as Ahura Mazda has been shown to represent the royal xvarənah, the personification of royal power and glory. However, it was customary for every emperor from Cyrus until Darius III to have an empty chariot drawn by white horses as a place for Ahura Mazda to accompany the Persian army on battles. The use of images of Ahura Mazda began in the western satraps of the Achaemenid Empire in the late 5th century BCE. Under Artaxerxes II, the first literary reference as well as a statue of Ahura Mazda was built by a Persian governor of Lydia in 365 BCE.[8]

text: Parthian Empire[edit]

text: It is known that the reverence for Ahura Mazda, as well as Anahita and Mithra continued with the same traditions during this period. The worship of Ahura Mazda with symbolic images is noticed, but it stopped with the beginning of the Sassanid period. Zoroastrian iconoclasm, which can be traced to the end of the Parthian period and the beginning of the Sassanid, eventually put an end to the use of all images of Ahura Mazda in worship. However, Ahura Mazda remained symbolized by a dignified male figure, standing or on horseback which is found in Sassanian investiture.[8]

text: Sassanid Empire[edit]

text: During the Sassanid Empire, a heretical[9][10][11] form of Zoroastrianism, termed Zurvanism, emerged. It gained adherents throughout the Sassanid Empire, most notably the royal lineage of Sassanian emperors. Under the reign of Shapur I, Zurvanism spread and became a widespread cult. Zurvanism revokes Zoroaster's original message of Ahura Mazda as the uncreated spirit, and the "uncreated creator" of all, and reduces him to a created spirit, one of two twin sons of Zurvan, their father and the primary spirit. Zurvanism also makes Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu of equal strength and only contrasting spirits.

text: Other than Zurvanism, the Sassanian kings demonstrated their devotion to Ahura Mazda in other fashions. Five kings took the name Hormizd and Bahram II created the title of "Ohrmazd-mowbad" which was continued after the fall of the Sassanid Empire and through the Islamic times. All devotional acts in Zoroastrianism originating from the Sassanian period begin with homage to Ahura Mazda. The five Gāhs begin with the declaration in Middle Persian, that "Ohrmazd is Lord" and incorporate the Gathic verse "Whom, Mazda hast thou appointed my protector". Zoroastrian prayers are to be said in the presence of light, either in the form of fire or the sun. In the Iranian dialects of Yidḡa and Munǰī, the sun is still called "ormozd".[8]

text: Present-day Zoroastrianism[edit]

text: In 1884, Martin Haug proposed a new interpretation of Yasna 30.3 that subsequently influenced Zoroastrian doctrine to a significant extent. According to Haug's interpretation, the "twin spirits" of 30.3 were Angra Mainyu and Spenta Mainyu, the former being literally the "Destructive Spirit"[n 1] and the latter being the "Bounteous Spirit" (of Mazda). Further, in Haug's scheme, Angra Mainyu was now not Ahura Mazda's binary opposite, but—like Spenta Mainyu—an emanation of Him. Haug also interpreted the concept of a free will of Yasna 45.9 as an accommodation to explain where Angra Mainyu came from since Ahura Mazda created only good. The free will made it possible for Angra Mainyu to choose to be evil. Although these latter conclusions were not substantiated by Zoroastrian tradition,[2] at the time Haug's interpretation was gratefully accepted by the Parsis of Bombay since it provided a defense against Christian missionary rhetoric,[n 2] particularly the attacks on the Zoroastrian idea of an uncreated Evil that was as uncreated as God was. Following Haug, the Bombay Parsis began to defend themselves in the English-language press, the argument being that Angra Mainyu was not Mazda's binary opposite, but his subordinate, who—as in Zurvanism also—chose to be evil. Consequently, Haug's theories were disseminated as a Parsi interpretation, also in the West, where they appeared to be corroborating Haug. Reinforcing themselves, Haug's ideas came to be iterated so often that they are today almost universally accepted as doctrine.[8][12][n 3]

text: In other religions[edit]

text: Some scholars (Kuiper. IIJ I, 1957; Zimmer. Münchner Studien 1984:187–215) believe that Ahura Mazda originates from *vouruna-mitra, or Vedic Varuna (and Mitra).[13] According to William W Malandra both Varuna (in Vedic period) and Ahura Mazda (in old Iranian religion) represented same Indo-Iranian concept of a supreme "wise, all-knowing lord".[14]

text: In Manichaeism, the name Ohrmazd Bay ("god Ahura Mazda") was used for the primal figure Nāšā Qaḏmāyā, the "original man" and emanation of the Father of Greatness (in Manicheism called Zurvan) through whom after he sacrificed himself to defend the world of light was consumed by the forces of darkness. Although Ormuzd is freed from the world of darkness his "sons", often called his garments or weapons, remain. His sons, later known as the World Soul after a series of events will for the most part escape from matter and return again to the world of light where they came from. Manicheans often identified many of Mani's cosmological figures with Zoroastrian ones. This may be in part because Mani was born in the greatly Zoroastrian Parthian Empire.

text: In Sogdian Buddhism, Xwrmztʼ (Sogdian was written without a consistent representation of vowels) was the name used in place of Ahura Mazda.[15][16] Via contacts with Turkic peoples like the Uyghurs, this Sogdian name came to the Mongols, who still name this deity Qormusta Tengri (Also Qormusta or Qormusda) is now a popular enough deity to appear in many contexts that are not explicitly Buddhist.[17]

text: The pre-Christian Armenians had Aramazd as an important deity in their pantheon of gods. He is thought to be a syncretic deity, a combination of the autochthonous Urartian figure Ara and the Iranian Ahura Mazda. In modern-day Armenia, Aramazd is a male first name.

text: 101 Names[edit]

text:
yazat ("Worthy of worship.")
harvasp-tavãn ("Omnipotent.")
harvasp-âgâh ("Omniscient.")
harvasp-h'udhâ ("The Lord of all.")
abadah ("Without beginning.")
awî-añjâm ("Without end.")
bûnastah ("The origin of the formation of the world.")
frâxtañtah ("Broad end of all.")
jamakh ("Greatest cause.")
parjahtarah ("More exalted.")
tum-afayah ("Most innocent.")
abravañt ("Apart from everyone.")
parvañdah ("Relation with all.")
an-ayâfah ("Incomprehensible by anyone.")
ham-ayâfah ("Comprehensible of all.")
âdharô ("Most straight, most just.")
gîrâ ("Holding fast all.")
acim ("Without reason.")
cimnâ ("Reason of reasons.")
safinâ ("Increaser.")
âwzâ ("Causer of increase. The Lord of purity")
nâshâ ("Reaching all equally.")
parvarâ ("Nourisher.")
âyânah ("Protector of the world.")
âyaîn-âyânah ("Not of various kinds.")
an-âyanah ("Without form.")
xraoshît-tum ("Firmest.")
mînôtum ("Most invisible.")
vâsnâ ("Omnipresent.")
harvastum ("All in all.")
husipâs ("Worthy of thanks.")
har-hemît ("All good-natured.")
harnekfareh ("All good auspicious-glory.")
beshtarnâ ("Remover of affliction.")
tarônîs ("The triumphant.")
anaoshak ("Immortal.")
farashak ("Fulfiller of wishes.")
pazohadhad ("Creator of good nature.")
xavâpar ("Beneficient.")
awaxshâyâ ("Bestower of Love.")
awarzâ ("Excessive bringer.”)
â-sitôh ("Undefeated, undistressed.")
raxôh ("Independent, carefree.")
varûn ("Protector from evil.")
a-frîpah ("Undeceivable.")
awe-frîftah ("Undeceived.")
adhvaî ("Unparalleled.")
kãme-rat ("Lord of wishes.")
framãn-kãm ("Only wish is His command.")
âyextan ("Without body.")
â-framôsh ("Unforgetful.")
hamârnâ ("Taker of accounts.")
snâyâ ("Recognizable, worth recognition.")
a-tars ("Fearless.")
a-bîsh ("Without affliction or torment.")
a-frâzdum ("Most exalted.")
hamcûn ("Always uniform.")
mînô-stîgar ("Creator of the Universe spiritually.")
a-mînôgar ("Creator of much spirituality.")
mînô-nahab ("Hidden in Spirits.")
âdhar-bâtgar ("Air of fire, i.e. transformer into air.")
âdhar-namgar ("Water of fire, i.e. transformer into water.")
bât-âdhargar ("Transformer of air into fire.")
bât-namgar ("Transformer of air into water.")
bât-gelgar ("Transformer of air into earth.")
bât-girdtum ("Transformer of air into girad, i.e. gathered.")
âdhar-kîbarît-tum ("Transformer of fire into jewels.")
bâtgarjâi ("Who creates air in all places.")
âwtum ("Creator of most excessive water.")
gel-âdhargar ("Transformer of the earth into fire.")
gel-vâdhgar ("Transformer of the earth into air.")
gel-namgar ("Transformer of the earth into water.")
gargar ("Artisan of artisans.")
garôgar ("Bestower of wishes.")
garâgar ("Creator of man")
garâgargar ("Creator of the entire creation")
a-garâgar ("Creator of four elements)"
a-garâgargar ("Creator of clusters of the stars")
a-gûmãn ("Without doubt.")
a-jamãn ("Without time.")
a-h'uãn ("Without sleep.")
âmushthushyâr ("Intelligent.")
frashûtanâ ("Eternal protector-increaser.")
padhamãnî ("Maintainer of padman, i.e. the golden mean.")
pîrôzgar ("Victorious.")
h'udhâvañd ("Lord-Master of the Universe.")
ahuramazda ("Lord Omniscient.")
abarînkuhantavãn ("Of the most exalted rank in the power of maintaining the origin of the creations.")
abarîn-nô-tavã ("Of the most exalted rank in the power of rendering the creations anew.")
vaspãn ("Attainer to all the creations.")
vaspâr ("Bringer of and attainer to all.")
h'âwar ("Merciful.")
ahû ("Lord of the world.")
âwaxsîdâr ("Forgiver.")
dâdhâr ("The just creator.")
rayomañd ("Full of rae-lustre-splendour.")
h'arehmand ("Full of khoreh, i.e. glory.")
dâwar ("The just judge.")
kerfagar ("Lord of meritorious deeds.")
buxtâr ("Redeemer, saviour.")
frashôgar ("Restorer through increase of the soul.")

tag: ol

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
Ormazd and Ahriman feature in the 2008 video game, Prince of Persia.
Ormazd and Ahriman feature heavily in the Philip K. Dick novel The Cosmic Puppets.
In the 2001 video game Severance: Blade of Darkness, Ahura Mazda was the god who created the entire world in which the game takes place.
General Electric exploited the association of the name with light for their brand of Mazda light bulbs.
One of the inspirations for the name of the Mazda Motor Corporation is Ahura Mazda, with homophone similarity to founder Jujiro Matsuda.
A statue of Ahura Mazda is built to contain the Djinn in the film Wishmaster.
In the 2013 Amish Tripathi novel The Oath of the Vayuputras, Ahura Mazda is shown as the God of Pariha.
Ahura Mazda is mentioned in the Immortal Technique song "Sign of the Times" from the album The Martyr.
In the novel Battle Royale, a student named Mizuho Inada believes she is a warrior for the god Ahura Mazda.
Ahura Mazda appears as a character in the Lucifer's Halo miniseries of Joseph Michael Linsner's comic Dawn.
Ahura Mazda was the name of a late 1960s, early 1970s psychedelic and fusion prog-rock band from the Netherlands.
Ahura Mazda is featured in the book Kushiel's Avatar, the third novel in Jacqueline Carey's Kushiel's Legacy series.
In the MMORPG Final Fantasy XIV, Ahura Mazda is the ultimate move of the third god of the Warring Triad, Zurvan.
Ahriman appears as a character in the television show Highlander: The Series.

tag: ul


document_title: NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament

question_text: who won the college women's basketball championship last year

question_tokens: who won the college women 's basketball championship last year

text: Tournament format[edit]

text: A total of 64 teams qualify for the tournament played in March and April. Of these teams, 32 earn automatic bids by winning their respective conference tournaments. Since 2017 the Ivy League conducts their own post-season tournament. The remaining teams are granted "at-large" bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Dr. Marilyn McNeil, vice president/director of athletics at Monmouth University is the current chairwoman. On March 1, 2011, Bowling Green State University's director of intercollegiate athletics, Greg Christopher, was appointed chair of the NCAA Division I Women’s Basketball Committee during the 2011–12 academic year.[3]

text: The tournament is split into four regional tournaments, and each regional has teams seeded from 1 to 16, with the committee ostensibly making every region as comparable to the others as possible[citation needed]. The top-seeded team in each region plays the #16 team, the #2 team plays the #15, etc.

text: Number of teams, and seeding[edit]

text: The first NCAA women's basketball tournament was held in 1982. The AIAW also held a basketball tournament in 1982, but most of the top teams, including defending AIAW champion Louisiana Tech, decided to participate in the NCAA tournament.

text: The championship consisted of 32 teams from 1982–1985 (in 1983, 36), 40 teams from 1986–1988, and 48 teams from 1989–1993. Since 1994, 64 teams compete in each tournament.

text: Prior to 1996, seeding was conducted on a regional basis. The top teams (eight in the 32-, 40-, and 48-team formats, and 16 in the 64-team format) were ranked and seeded on a national basis. The remaining teams were then seeded based on their geographic region. Teams were moved outside of its geographic region only if it was necessary to balance the bracket, or if the proximity of an opponent outside of its region would be comparable and a more competitive game would result. In 1993, all teams except for the top four were explicitly unseeded. The regional seeding resumed in 1994. In 1996, seeds were assigned on a national basis using an "S-Curve" format[clarification needed] similar to the process used in selecting the field for the men's tournament.

text: The following table summarizes some of the key attributes of the seeding process:[4]

text:
Number of teams selected

Year
Automatic
At-Large
Total
Location of first round(s)
Seeding Basis

1982
12
20
32
Higher seed
Regional

1983
14
22
36
Higher seed†

1984
17
15
32

1985
18
14
Higher seed

1986
17
23
40
Higher seed†

1987
18
22

1988

1989
19
29
48

1990
21
27

1991

1992
22
26

1993
23
25

1994
32
32
64

1995

1996
31
33
Higher seed
National

1997
30
34
Higher seed†

1998
Higher seed

1999

2000
Higher seed†

2001
31
33

2002
Higher seed

2003
16 Sites‡

2004

2005
8 Sites‡

2006

2007

2008

2009
16 Sites‡

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014
32
32

2015
Higher seed†

2016

2017

2018

2019

text:
† Some exceptions. Due to venue availability, in some cases, the lower seed hosted, or the game was played at a neutral site.
‡ From 2003–2014, sixteen predetermined sites were selected for first and second-round games. Teams were allowed to play at home, if hosting.
Between 2005 and 2008, eight sites were used for first-round games.

text: Selection process[edit]

text: A special selection committee appointed by the NCAA determines which 64 teams will enter the tournament, and where they will be seeded and placed in the bracket. Because of the automatic bids, only 32 teams (the at-large bids) rely on the selection committee to secure them a spot in the tournament.

text: Women's NCAA Division I basketball champions[edit]

text:
Year
Winner
Score
Opponent
Venue
Other Semifinalists

1982
Louisiana Tech
76–62
Cheyney State
Norfolk Scope (Norfolk, Virginia)
Tennessee & Maryland

1983
USC
69–67
Louisiana Tech
Old Dominion & Georgia

1984
USC
72–61
Tennessee
Pauley Pavilion (Los Angeles, California)
Cheyney State & Louisiana Tech

1985
Old Dominion
70–65
Georgia
Frank Erwin Center (Austin, Texas)
Western Kentucky & Northeast Louisiana

1986
Texas
97–81
USC
Rupp Arena (Lexington, Kentucky)
Western Kentucky & Tennessee

1987
Tennessee
67–44
Louisiana Tech
Frank Erwin Center (Austin, Texas)
Texas & Long Beach State

1988
Louisiana Tech
56–54
Auburn
Tacoma Dome (Tacoma, Washington)
Long Beach State & Tennessee

1989
Tennessee
76–70
Auburn
Louisiana Tech & Maryland

1990
Stanford
88–81
Auburn
Thompson–Boling Arena (Knoxville, Tennessee)
Virginia & Louisiana Tech

1991
Tennessee
70–67 (OT)
Virginia
Lakefront Arena (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Connecticut & Stanford

1992
Stanford
78–62
Western Kentucky
Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena (Los Angeles, California)
Southwest Missouri State & Virginia

1993
Texas Tech
84–82
Ohio State
Omni Coliseum (Atlanta, Georgia)
Iowa & Vanderbilt

1994
North Carolina
60–59
Louisiana Tech
Richmond Coliseum (Richmond, Virginia)
Purdue & Alabama

1995
Connecticut
70–64
Tennessee
Target Center (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
Stanford & Georgia

1996
Tennessee
83–65
Georgia
Charlotte Coliseum (Charlotte, North Carolina)
Connecticut & Stanford

1997
Tennessee
68–59
Old Dominion
Riverfront Coliseum (Cincinnati, Ohio)
Notre Dame & Stanford

1998
Tennessee
93–75
Louisiana Tech
Kemper Arena (Kansas City, Missouri)
Arkansas & North Carolina State

1999
Purdue
62–45
Duke
San Jose Arena (San Jose, California)
Louisiana Tech & Georgia

2000
Connecticut
71–52
Tennessee
First Union Center (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Rutgers & Penn State

2001
Notre Dame
68–66
Purdue
Savvis Center (St. Louis, Missouri)
Connecticut & Southwest Missouri State

2002
Connecticut
82–70
Oklahoma
Alamodome (San Antonio, Texas)
Tennessee & Duke

2003
Connecticut
73–68
Tennessee
Georgia Dome (Atlanta, Georgia)
Texas & Duke

2004
Connecticut
70–61
Tennessee
New Orleans Arena (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Minnesota & LSU

2005
Baylor
84–62
Michigan State
RCA Dome (Indianapolis, Indiana)
LSU & Tennessee

2006
Maryland
78–75 (OT)
Duke
TD Garden (Boston, Massachusetts)
North Carolina & LSU

2007
Tennessee
59–46
Rutgers
Quicken Loans Arena (Cleveland, Ohio)

2008
Tennessee
64–48
Stanford
St. Pete Times Forum (Tampa, Florida)
LSU & Connecticut

2009
Connecticut
76–54
Louisville
Scottrade Center (St. Louis, Missouri)
Stanford & Oklahoma

2010
Connecticut
53–47
Stanford
Alamodome (San Antonio, Texas)
Baylor & Oklahoma

2011
Texas A&M
76–70
Notre Dame
Conseco Fieldhouse (Indianapolis, Indiana)
Connecticut & Stanford

2012
Baylor
80–61
Notre Dame
Pepsi Center (Denver, Colorado)
Stanford & Connecticut

2013
Connecticut
93–60
Louisville
New Orleans Arena (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Notre Dame & California

2014
Connecticut
79–58
Notre Dame
Bridgestone Arena (Nashville, Tennessee)
Stanford & Maryland

2015
Connecticut
63–53
Notre Dame
Amalie Arena (Tampa, Florida)
South Carolina & Maryland

2016
Connecticut
82–51
Syracuse
Bankers Life Fieldhouse (Indianapolis, Indiana)
Oregon State & Washington

2017
South Carolina
67–55
Mississippi State
American Airlines Center (Dallas, Texas)
Connecticut & Stanford

2018
Notre Dame
61–58
Mississippi State
Nationwide Arena (Columbus, Ohio)
Connecticut & Louisville

2019

Amalie Arena (Tampa, Florida)

2020

Smoothie King Center (New Orleans, Louisiana)

text: Team titles[edit]

text:
Team
Titles
Year Won

Connecticut
11
1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016

Tennessee
8
1987, 1989, 1991,1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008

Baylor
2
2005, 2012

Louisiana Tech
2
1982, 1988

Notre Dame
2
2001, 2018

Stanford
2
1990, 1992

USC
2
1983, 1984

Maryland
1
2006

North Carolina
1
1994

Old Dominion
1
1985

Purdue
1
1999

South Carolina
1
2017

Texas
1
1986

Texas A&M
1
2011

Texas Tech
1
1993

text: NCAA Final Fours by school[edit]

text:
School
Final Four Years
Number of Appearances
Championships

Connecticut
1991, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
19
11

Tennessee
1982, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008
18
8

Stanford
1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2017
13
2

Louisiana Tech
1982, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1994, 1998, 1999
10
2

Notre Dame
1997, 2001, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018
8
2

Georgia
1983, 1985, 1995, 1996, 1999
5
0

LSU
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
5
0

Maryland
1982, 1989, 2006, 2014, 2015
5
1

Duke
1999, 2002, 2003, 2006
4
0

Auburn
1988, 1989, 1990
3
0

Baylor
2005, 2010, 2012
3
2

Louisville
2009, 2013, 2018
3
0

North Carolina
1994, 2006, 2007
3
1

Oklahoma
2002, 2009, 2010
3
0

Old Dominion
1983, 1985, 1997
3
1

Purdue
1994, 1999, 2001
3
1

Texas
1986, 1987, 2003
3
1

USC
1983, 1984, 1986
3
2

Virginia
1990, 1991, 1992
3
0

Western Kentucky
1985, 1986, 1992
3
0

Cheyney St.
1982, 1984
2
0

Long Beach St.
1987, 1988
2
0

Mississippi St.
2017, 2018
2
0

Missouri St.
1992, 2001
2
0

Rutgers
2000, 2007
2
0

South Carolina
2015, 2017
2
1

Alabama
1994
1
0

Arkansas
1998
1
0

California
2013
1
0

Iowa
1993
1
0

Louisiana-Monroe
1985
1
0

Michigan St.
2005
1
0

Minnesota
2004
1
0

North Carolina St.
1998
1
0

Ohio St.
1993
1
0

Oregon St.
2016
1
0

Penn St.
2000
1
0

Syracuse
2016
1
0

Texas A&M
2011
1
1

Texas Tech
1993
1
1

Vanderbilt
1993
1
0

Washington
2016
1
0

text: Multiple NCAA championship coaches[edit]

text:
Coach
School
Championships

Geno Auriemma
Connecticut
11

Pat Summitt
Tennessee
8

Muffet McGraw
Notre Dame
2

Kim Mulkey
Baylor

Linda Sharp
USC

Tara VanDerveer
Stanford

text: NCAA Championship by Conference[edit]

text: Note: Conferences are listed by all champions' affiliations at that time; these do not necessarily match current affiliations.

text:
Conference
Year
Championships

Big East[a 1]
1995, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2013
9

Southeastern
1987, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2017

American Athletic
2014, 2015, 2016
3

Atlantic Coast
1994, 2006, 2018

Big 12
2005, 2011, 2012

Pac-12[a 2]
1990, 1992
2

Southwest
1986, 1993

Western Collegiate
1983, 1984

American South
1988
1

Big Ten
1999

Independent
1982

Sun Belt
1985

text:
Jump up ^ The Big East Conference operated in its original form from 1979 until 2013. During that time, Connecticut won eight championships, and Notre Dame won one. Following the three-way 2013 split of that conference and subsequent settlement between the non-FBS schools and the remaining schools, the conference legally changed its name to the American Athletic Conference. Three schools (among them Notre Dame) left for the Atlantic Coast Conference in 2013, with a fourth doing the same in 2014; one school left for the Big Ten in 2014; and the non-FBS schools retained the Big East name. However, the current Big East now maintains the history of the original conference in all sports that it sponsors, including women's basketball. The American no longer claims any of the original Big East's competition history, even in the two sports that it sponsors and the current Big East does not (football and women's rowing).
Jump up ^ Known as the Pacific-10 Conference, or Pac-10, when both of its titles were won.

text: NCAA Final Four locations[edit]

text:
1982 – Norfolk, Virginia
1983 – Norfolk, Virginia
1984 – Los Angeles, California
1985 – Austin, Texas
1986 – Lexington, Kentucky
1987 – Austin, Texas
1988 – Tacoma, Washington
1989 – Tacoma, Washington
1990 – Knoxville, Tennessee
1991 – New Orleans, Louisiana
1992 – Los Angeles, California
1993 – Atlanta, Georgia
1994 – Richmond, Virginia
1995 – Minneapolis, Minnesota
1996 – Charlotte, North Carolina
1997 – Cincinnati, Ohio
1998 – Kansas City, Missouri
1999 – San Jose, California
2000 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
2001 – St. Louis, Missouri
2002 – San Antonio, Texas
2003 – Atlanta, Georgia
2004 – New Orleans, Louisiana
2005 – Indianapolis, Indiana
2006 – Boston, Massachusetts
2007 – Cleveland, Ohio
2008 – Tampa Bay, Florida
2009 – St. Louis, Missouri
2010 – San Antonio, Texas
2011 – Indianapolis, Indiana
2012 – Denver, Colorado
2013 – New Orleans, Louisiana
2014 – Nashville, Tennessee
2015 – Tampa Bay, Florida
2016 – Indianapolis, Indiana
2017 – Dallas, Texas
2018 – Columbus, Ohio
2019 – Tampa Bay, Florida
2020 – New Orleans, Louisiana

text: Tournament trends[edit]

text: Top-ranked teams[edit]

text: Since the women's tournament began in 1982, 16 teams have entered the tournament ranked #1 in at least 1 poll and gone on to win the tournament:

text:
1982: Louisiana Tech
1983: USC
1986: Texas
1989: Tennessee
1995: Connecticut
1998: Tennessee
1999: Purdue
2000: Connecticut
2002: Connecticut
2003: Connecticut
2009: Connecticut
2010: Connecticut
2012: Baylor
2014: Connecticut
2015: Connecticut
2016: Connecticut

text: Champions excluded the next year[edit]

text: Only once has the reigning champion (the previous year's winner) not made it to the tournament the next year.

text: 1985 champion Old Dominion went 15–13 in 1986.

text: #1 seeds[edit]

text: Since 1982, at least one #1 seed has made the Final Four every year.

text: Under coach Geno Auriemma, Connecticut has been seeded #1 a record 22 times. Tennessee is second with 21 #1 seeds.

text: All four #1 seeds have made it to the Final Four 4 times (champion in bold):

text:
1989 Auburn, Louisiana Tech, Maryland, Tennessee
2012 Baylor, Connecticut, Notre Dame, Stanford
2015 Connecticut, Maryland, Notre Dame, South Carolina
2018 Connecticut, Mississippi State, Notre Dame, Louisville

text: The championship game has matched two #1 seeds 13 times:

text:
1983 USC beat Louisiana Tech
1986 Texas beat USC
1989 Tennessee beat Auburn
1991 Tennessee beat Virginia
1995 Connecticut beat Tennessee
2000 Connecticut beat Tennessee
2002 Connecticut beat Oklahoma
2003 Connecticut beat Tennessee
2010 Connecticut beat Stanford
2012 Baylor beat Notre Dame
2014 Connecticut beat Notre Dame
2015 Connecticut beat Notre Dame
2018 Notre Dame beat Mississippi State

text: Three teams have beaten three #1 seeds during the course of a tournament (the largest number of such teams that can be faced) (all three teams won the national championship as beating a 3rd #1 seed in a single tournament can only happen in the finals):

text:
1987 Tennessee (beat Auburn, Long Beach State, Louisiana Tech)
1988 Louisiana Tech (beat Auburn, Tennessee, Texas)
2005 Baylor (beat LSU, Michigan State, North Carolina)

text: Prior to the expansion of the tournament to 64 teams, all four #1 seeds advanced to the Sweet Sixteen with three exceptions. Notably, the first two times this occurred were at the hands of the same school:

text:
1986 East #1 seed Virginia lost to #8 seed James Madison
1991 East #1 seed Penn State lost to #8 seed James Madison
1992 Midwest #1 seed Iowa lost to #8 seed Southwest Missouri State

text: High seeds[edit]

text: 1999 was the first time in tournament history (since the expansion to 64 teams) that all top seeds (1, 2, 3, and 4 seeds) made it to the Sweet Sixteen.

text: Low seeds[edit]

text: Lowest seeds to reach each round since the expansion to 64 teams:

text:
Second Round: #16 seed[5]

Harvard in 1998 (the only #16 seed to beat a #1 seed in either the women's or men's tournament until 2018, and still the only one to do so in the women's tournament)

Regional Semifinals (Sweet Sixteen): #13 seed[5]

Texas A&M in 1994
Liberty in 2005
Marist in 2007

Regional Finals (Elite Eight): #11 seed

Gonzaga in 2011

National Semifinals (Final Four): #9 seed[5]

Arkansas in 1998

National Finals (Championship Game): #5 seed

Louisville in 2013

National Champion: #3 seed[5]

North Carolina in 1994
Tennessee in 1997

text: Best Performances by #14 & #15 Seeds[edit]

text: Unlike in the men's tournament, no #14 seed has beaten a #3 and no #15 seed has beaten a #2 seed, but they have come close.

text:
2 points: #14 Seed

Austin Peay lost to UNC in 2003 (2 points, 72–70)
Eastern Michigan lost to Boston College in 2004 (2 points, 58–56)
Creighton lost to St. John's in 2012 (2 points, 69–67)

Overtime games: #15 Seed

UTSA lost to Baylor in 2009 (5 points, 87–82). UTSA is the only #15 seed to take a game into overtime.

1 point: #15 Seed

Long Beach State lost to Oregon State in 2017 (1 point, 56–55)

text: First-round games[edit]

text: Since the expansion to 64 teams in 1994, each seed-pairing has played 100 first-round games with these results:

text:
The #1 seed is 99–1 against the #16 seed (.990).
The #2 & #3 seeds are 100–0 against the #15 & #14 seeds, respectively (1.000).
The #4 seed is 94–6 against the #13 seed (.940).
The #5 seed is 78–22 against the #12 seed (.780).
The #6 seed is 69–31 against the #11 seed (.690).
The #7 seed is 65–35 against the #10 seed (.650).
The #9 seed is 53–47 against the #8 seed (.530).

text: Second-round games[edit]

text: Since the expansion to 64 teams in 1994, the following results have occurred for each pairing:

text: In the 1/16/8/9 bracket:

text:
vs. #8
vs. #9

#1
45–1 (.978)
46–2 (.958)

#16
–
0–1 (.000)

text:
note: The 3 losses by the #1 seed vs #8/9 were: Duke (vs Michigan St, 2009), Ohio St (vs Boston College, 2006), Texas Tech (vs Notre Dame, 1998).
note: The #9 vs. #16 game was Arkansas over Harvard in 1998.

text: In the 2/15/7/10 bracket:

text:
vs. #7
vs. #10

#2
49–13 (.790)
31–3 (.912)

#15
–
–

text: In the 3/14/6/11 bracket:

text:
vs. #6
vs. #11

#3
45–22 (.672)
17–12 (.586)

#14
–
–

text: In the 4/13/5/12 bracket:

text:
vs. #5
vs. #12

#4
42–27 (.609)
18–3 (.857)

#13
3–3 (.500)
–

text: Teams entering the tournament unbeaten[edit]

text: Of the 18 teams who have entered the tournament unbeaten, 9 went on to win the National Championship.[6]

text:
In 1986, Texas entered the tournament 30–0, beat USC for the national title, and ended the season 34–0.
In 1990, Louisiana Tech entered the tournament 29–0, but lost in the Final Four to Auburn.
In 1992, Vermont entered the tournament 29–0, but lost in the first round to George Washington.
In 1993, Vermont entered the tournament 28–0, but lost in the first round to Rutgers.
In 1995, Connecticut entered the tournament 29–0, beat Tennessee for the national title, and ended the season 35–0.
In 1997, Connecticut entered the tournament 30–0, but lost in the Midwest Regional Final to Tennessee.
In 1998, Tennessee (33–0) and Liberty (28–0) both entered the tournament unbeaten; Liberty lost in the first round to Tennessee, which went on to beat Louisiana Tech for the national title and ended the season 39–0.
In 2002, 2009, and 2010, Connecticut entered the tournament 33–0, won the national title in each, and ended those seasons 39–0. They respectively beat Oklahoma, Louisville, and Stanford in those championship games.
In 2012, Baylor entered the tournament 34–0, beat Notre Dame for the national title, and ended the season 40–0. The Lady Bears became the first team in NCAA college basketball history, for either women or men, to win 40 games in a season. Notably, Louisiana Tech went 40–5 during the 1979–80 season. This was during the AIAW era for women's basketball.
In 2014, Connecticut (34–0) and Notre Dame (32–0) both entered the tournament unbeaten; Connecticut beat Notre Dame 79–58 for the national title, ended the season 40–0 and is the 8th team to end the season unbeaten.
In 2015, Princeton entered the tournament 30–0, but lost in the second round to Maryland.
In 2016, Connecticut entered the tournament 32–0, beat Syracuse for the national title, ending the season 38–0.
In 2017, Connecticut entered the tournament 32–0, but lost in the Final Four to Mississippi State, ending their 111-game winning streak to finish 36–1.
In 2018, Connecticut entered the tournament 32–0, but lost in the Final Four to Notre Dame, ending their 36-game winning streak to finish 36–1.

text: Home state[edit]

text: Only one team has ever played the Final Four on its home court. Two other teams have played the Final Four in their home cities, and seven others have played the Final Four in their home states.

text: The only team to play on its home court was Texas in 1987, which lost its semifinal game at the Frank Erwin Special Events Center.

text: Old Dominion enjoyed nearly as large an advantage in 1983 when the Final Four was played at the Norfolk Scope in its home city of Norfolk, Virginia, but also lost its semifinal. The Scope has never been the Lady Monarchs' regular home court. ODU has always used on-campus arenas, first the ODU Fieldhouse and since 2002 the Ted Constant Convocation Center. The following year, USC won the national title at Pauley Pavilion, the home court of its Los Angeles arch-rival UCLA.

text: Of the other teams to play in their home states, Stanford (1992) won the national title; Notre Dame (2011) lost in the championship game; and Western Kentucky (1986), Penn State (2000), Missouri State (2001), LSU (2004), and Baylor (2010) lost in the semifinals.

text: Championship margins[edit]

text:
Overtime games in a championship game:[7]

Tennessee 70, Virginia 67/OT (1991)
Maryland 78, Duke 75/OT (2006)

Smallest margin of victory in a championship game: 1 point[8]

North Carolina 60, Louisiana Tech 59 (1994)

Biggest margin of victory in a championship game: 33 points[8]

Connecticut 93, Louisville 60 (2013)

Margin of 10 points: Louisiana Tech (1982), Tennessee (1987 & 1989), Purdue (1999), Connecticut (2000, 2002, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016), and Baylor (2012) are teams to win every game in the tournament by 10 points or more on their way to a championship. The 2016 UConn team won every game by more than 20 points.
Top 8 largest point differentials accumulated over the entire tournament by tournament champion. Notably, Louisiana Tech's differential is prior to the expansion of 64 teams and the addition of one more round of play.

2016 Connecticut (+239)
2010 Connecticut (+214)
2013 Connecticut (+208)
2015 Connecticut (+197)
2000 Connecticut (+187)
2002 Connecticut (+161)
1982 Louisiana Tech (+158)
2014 Connecticut (+156)

text: Same-conference championship games[edit]

text: 6 championship games have featured two teams from the same conference (winner in bold):

text:
1989 SEC, Tennessee and Auburn
1996 SEC, Tennessee and Georgia
2006 ACC, Maryland and Duke
2009 Big East, Connecticut and Louisville
2013 Big East, Connecticut and Louisville
2017 SEC, South Carolina and Mississippi State

text: Result by school and by year[edit]

text: 267 teams have appeared in the NCAA Tournament in at least a year, since 1982 (the initial year that the post-season tournament was under the auspices of the NCAA). The results for all years are shown in this table below.[9]

text: The code in each cell represents the furthest the team made it in the respective tournament:

text:
<blank> Not in tournament
O Opening Round (only in 1983)
1 First round
2 Second Round
S Sweet 16
E Elite 8
F Final 4
R National Runner-up
C National Champion

text:
Year ->
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

Team

Akron

1 !1

Alabama

3 !S

1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
5 !F
3 !S
3 !S
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2

Alabama St.

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Albany (NY)

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

Alcorn St.

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

American

1 !1

1 !1

Appalachian St.

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Arizona

2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

Arizona St.
3 !S
3 !S

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

3 !S
2 !2
4 !E
2 !2
4 !E

1 !1

2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2

Arkansas

1 !1

1 !1
4 !E
3 !S

2 !2

5 !F

2 !2
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2

2 !2

Army

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Auburn
1 !1
3 !S

3 !S
3 !S
4 !E
6 !R
6 !R
6 !R
4 !E

3 !S
2 !2

4 !E
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

2 !2

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2
1 !1

Austin Peay

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Ball St.

2 !2

Baylor

1 !1
2 !2

3 !S
7 !C
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
5 !F
4 !E
7 !C
3 !S
4 !E
4 !E
4 !E
4 !E
3 !S

Belmont

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Boise St.

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1
1

Boston College

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S

Boston U.

1 !1

Bowling Green

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
3 !S

1 !1
1 !1

Brown

1 !1

Bucknell

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Buffalo

1 !1

3 !S

Butler

1 !1

BYU

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

3 !S
1 !1

2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

3 !S
2 !2
1 !1

Cal Poly

1 !1

Cal St. Fullerton

1 !1

2 !2

Cal St. Northridge

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

California

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
3 !S

2 !2
5 !F
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
1 !1

Campbell

1 !1

Canisius

1 !1

Central Arkansas

1 !1
1 !1

Central Mich.

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

3 !S

Charlotte

1 !1

1 !1

Chattanooga

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Cheyney
6 !R
3 !S
5 !F

Cincinnati

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
1 !1

Clemson
1 !1

2 !2
3 !S
3 !S
4 !E
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

Cleveland St.

1 !1

1 !1

Colgate

1 !1

Colorado

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
4 !E
3 !S
4 !E
2 !2
3 !S

2 !2
4 !E
3 !S
1 !1

1 !1

Colorado St.

2 !2

2 !2
3 !S

2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

Connecticut

1 !1
2 !2
5 !F
2 !2
1 !1
4 !E
7 !C
5 !F
4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
7 !C
5 !F
7 !C
7 !C
7 !C
3 !S
4 !E
4 !E
5 !F
7 !C
7 !C
5 !F
5 !F
7 !C
7 !C
7 !C
7 !C
6 !F
5 !F

Coppin St.

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Cornell

1 !1

Creighton

2 !2

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

Dartmouth

0 !O

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Dayton

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
4 !E

1 !1
1 !1

Delaware

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
3 !S

Delaware St.

1 !1

Denver

1 !1

DePaul

2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2

Detroit

1 !1

Drake
4 !E

1 !1

2 !2

2 !2

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
3 !S

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Drexel

1 !1

Duke

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
4 !E
6 !R
3 !S
3 !S
5 !F
5 !F
4 !E
4 !E
6 !R
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
4 !E
4 !E
4 !E
4 !E
2 !2
3 !S

2 !2
3 !S

Duquesne

2 !2

East Carolina
1 !1

1 !1

East Tenn. St.

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Eastern Ill.

1 !1

Eastern Ky.

1 !1

1 !1

Eastern Mich.

1 !1

1 !1

Eastern Wash.

1 !1

Elon

1 !1
1 !1

Evansville

1 !1

1 !1

Fairfield

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

FGCU

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2

FIU

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

2 !2

Fla. Atlantic

1 !1

Florida

2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
4 !E
3 !S
1 !1

2 !2
1 !1

2 !2

1 !1

2 !2

2 !2

2 !2

1 !1

Florida A&M

1 !1

1 !1

Florida St.

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
4 !E
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
4 !E
3 !S
4 !E
2 !2

Fordham

1 !1

1 !1

Fresno St.

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Furman

1 !1

1 !1

Ga. Southern

1 !1
1 !1

Gardner-Webb

1 !1

George Washington

2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
4 !E
2 !2

2 !2
1 !1

2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
3 !S

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Georgetown

3 !S

2 !2
3 !S
2 !2

Georgia
1 !1
5 !F
4 !E
6 !R
3 !S
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
4 !E

2 !2

5 !F
6 !R
4 !E
1 !1
5 !F
4 !E
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
1 !1
4 !E
1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

Georgia St.

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Georgia Tech

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
3 !S

1 !1

Gonzaga

1 !1

2 !2
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S

1 !1
1 !1

Grambling

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Green Bay

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

2 !2

1 !1
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Hampton

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Hartford

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2

1 !1
1 !1

Harvard

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Hawaii

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Holy Cross

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Houston

2 !2

1 !1

2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

Howard
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Idaho

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Idaho St.

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Illinois
1 !1

2 !2
2 !2

3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2

1 !1

Illinois St.

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

Indiana

3 !S

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

Iona

1 !1

Iowa

2 !2
4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
5 !F
2 !2

3 !S
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S

1 !1

Iowa St.

1 !1
2 !2
4 !E
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2

1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
4 !E
3 !S
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Jackson St.
1 !1
0 !O

1 !1

1 !1

Jacksonville

1 !1

James Madison

3 !S
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2

3 !S

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

Kansas

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1

3 !S
3 !S

Kansas St.
4 !E
3 !S
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

Kent St.
1 !1

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Kentucky
4 !E
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

2 !2

4 !E
2 !2
4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2

La.-Monroe

1 !1
3 !S
5 !F

La Salle

0 !O

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

La.-Lafayette

1 !1

Lamar

4 !E

1 !1

Lehigh

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Liberty

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Lipscomb

1 !1

Little Rock

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

2 !2

1 !1

LIU Brooklyn

1 !1

Long Beach St.
3 !S
4 !E
4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
5 !F
5 !F
4 !E
2 !2
3 !S
1 !1

1 !1

Louisiana Tech
7 !C
6 !R
5 !F
4 !E
4 !E
6 !R
7 !C
5 !F
5 !F
1 !1
1 !1
4 !E
6 !R
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
6 !R
5 !F
4 !E
4 !E
1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Louisville

1 !1
1 !1

2 !2

2 !2

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
3 !S
6 !R

3 !S
2 !2
6 !R
4 !E
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
5 !F

Loyola Marymount

1 !1

Loyola (MD)

1 !1
1 !1

LSU

3 !S

4 !E
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
1 !1
2 !2

3 !S

3 !S
4 !E
2 !2
2 !2
4 !E
5 !F
5 !F
5 !F
5 !F
5 !F
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
3 !S
3 !S
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Maine

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Manhattan

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Marist

1 !1

1 !1
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

Marquette

1 !1
1 !1

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

2 !2

2 !2

2 !2

1 !1
2 !2

Marshall

1 !1

Maryland
5 !F
3 !S
1 !1

2 !2

4 !E
5 !F
2 !2
1 !1
4 !E
2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
7 !C
2 !2
4 !E
4 !E

2 !2
4 !E
3 !S
5 !F
5 !F
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2

Massachusetts

1 !1

1 !1

McNeese St.

1 !1
1 !1

Memphis
3 !S

1 !1

2 !2

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Mercer

1 !1

Miami (FL)

1 !1

3 !S
2 !2

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

Miami (OH)

1 !1

Michigan

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2

Michigan St.

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2
6 !R
3 !S
2 !2

3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
1 !1

Middle Tenn.

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Milwaukee

1 !1

1 !1

Minnesota

2 !2

2 !2
3 !S
5 !F
3 !S
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1

2 !2

Ole Miss
1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
1 !1
4 !E

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

4 !E

Mississippi St.

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
3 !S

1 !1
3 !S
6 !R
6 !R

Missouri
3 !S
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

1 !1

3 !S

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

Missouri State

2 !2
5 !F
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
5 !F

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Monmouth

1 !1

Montana

0 !O
3 !S

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Montana State

1 !1

1 !1

Mount St. Mary’s

1 !1
1 !1

Murray St.

1 !1

N.C. A&T

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Navy

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Nebraska

2 !2

2 !2

1 !1

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

3 !S

1 !1
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

New Mexico

1 !1

1 !1
3 !S
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

New Mexico St.

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

New Orleans

2 !2

Nicholls St.

1 !1

Norfolk St.

1 !1

North Carolina

1 !1
3 !S
1 !1
3 !S
2 !2

2 !2
3 !S
7 !C
3 !S

3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
3 !S

3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
4 !E
5 !F
5 !F
4 !E
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S

2 !2
4 !E
3 !S

North Carolina St.
3 !S
1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S

3 !S
3 !S
3 !S

3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
5 !F
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
3 !S

North Dakota

1 !1

North Texas

1 !1

Northeastern

1 !1

Northern Ariz.

1 !1

Northern Colorado

1 !1

Northern Ill.

2 !2

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Northern Iowa

1 !1

Northwestern
1 !1

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

Northwestern St.

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Notre Dame

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
5 !F
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
7 !C
2 !2
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
3 !S
1 !1
3 !S
6 !R
6 !R
5 !F
6 !R
6 !R
3 !S
4 !E
7 !C

Oakland

1 !1

1 !1

Ohio

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Ohio St.
1 !1

1 !1
4 !E
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2

6 !R

2 !2

1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
1 !1

2 !2
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2

Oklahoma

3 !S

2 !2

3 !S
3 !S
6 !R
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
5 !F
5 !F
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

Oklahoma St.

2 !2
1 !1
3 !S

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

1 !1
3 !S

2 !2

2 !2
3 !S

1 !1

2 !2

Old Dominion
3 !S
5 !F
4 !E
7 !C

3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
6 !R
3 !S
3 !S
3 !S
1 !1
4 !E
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S

Oral Roberts

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Oregon
1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

2 !2

4 !E
4 !E

Oregon St.

3 !S
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
5 !F
3 !S
4 !E

Penn

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Penn St.
3 !S
4 !E
1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
4 !E
2 !2
3 !S

2 !2
5 !F
1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
4 !E
1 !1

2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S

Pepperdine

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Pittsburgh

2 !2
3 !S
3 !S

2 !2

Portland

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Portland St.

1 !1

Prairie View

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Princeton

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

Providence

1 !1

1 !1
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1

Purdue

2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S

5 !F
4 !E
1 !1
2 !2
4 !E
7 !C
2 !2
6 !R
2 !2
4 !E
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
4 !E
2 !2
4 !E

2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2

Quinnipiac

1 !1

1 !1

3 !S
2 !2

Radford

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Rhode Island

1 !1

Rice

2 !2

1 !1

Richmond

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Robert Morris

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Rutgers

4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

3 !S
4 !E
5 !F
2 !2

2 !2
1 !1
4 !E
3 !S
6 !R
4 !E
3 !S
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

2 !2

Sacred Heart

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Samford

1 !1
1 !1

San Diego

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

San Diego St.

3 !S
3 !S

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

2 !2
3 !S

1 !1

San Francisco

1 !1
3 !S
1 !1

1 !1

Santa Clara

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Savannah St.

1 !1

Seton Hall

3 !S
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1

Siena

1 !1

SMU

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
2 !2

1 !1

South Ala.

1 !1

South Carolina
3 !S

1 !1

2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
1 !1

4 !E
2 !2

3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
5 !F
3 !S
7 !C
4 !E

South Carolina St.

1 !1

South Dakota

1 !1

South Dakota St.

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1

South Fla.

1 !1

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

Southeast Mo. St.

1 !1
1 !1

Southern California
4 !E
7 !C
7 !C
3 !S
6 !R
3 !S
3 !S

2 !2
4 !E
3 !S
4 !E
1 !1

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1

Southern Ill.

2 !2
3 !S

1 !1

2 !2

Southern Miss

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1

3 !S
1 !1
2 !2

Southern U.

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

St. Bonaventure

3 !S

2 !2

St. Francis Brooklyn

1 !1

Saint Francis (PA)

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

St. John’s

1 !1
1 !1

2 !2

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
1 !1
2 !2

1 !1

Saint Joseph’s

1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2

Saint Mary's

1 !1

2 !2

Saint Peter’s
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Seattle

1 !1

Stanford
1 !1

3 !S
4 !E
7 !C
5 !F
7 !C
3 !S
4 !E
5 !F
5 !F
5 !F
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
4 !E
4 !E
4 !E
2 !2
6 !R
5 !F
6 !R
5 !F
5 !F
3 !S
5 !F
3 !S
4 !E
6 !F
3 !S

Stephen F. Austin
1 !1
1 !1

2 !2
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S
3 !S
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Stetson

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Syracuse

1 !1

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
6 !R
2 !2
1 !1

TCU

2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Temple

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2

1 !1

Tennessee
5 !F
4 !E
6 !R
3 !S
5 !F
7 !C
5 !F
7 !C
4 !E
7 !C
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
6 !R
7 !C
7 !C
7 !C
4 !E
6 !R
3 !S
5 !F
6 !R
6 !R
5 !F
4 !E
7 !C
7 !C
1 !1
3 !S
4 !E
4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
4 !E
4 !E
2 !2
2 !2

Tennessee St.

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Tennessee Tech
1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Texas

4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
7 !C
5 !F
4 !E
4 !E
4 !E
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S
5 !F
3 !S
2 !2

2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

2 !2
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
3 !S

Texas A&M

3 !S

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2
4 !E
3 !S
2 !2
7 !C
3 !S
2 !2
4 !E
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S

Texas Southern

1 !1

Texas St.

1 !1

1 !1

Texas Tech

1 !1

2 !2

1 !1
1 !1
3 !S
7 !C
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
3 !S
4 !E
2 !2
3 !S

1 !1

1 !1

Texas-Arlington

1 !1

1 !1

Toledo

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Troy

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Tulane

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

Tulsa

2 !2

1 !1

UAB

1 !1

3 !S

UC Davis

1 !1

UC Irvine

1 !1

UC Riverside

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

UC Santa Barb.

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

UCF

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1

UCLA

1 !1

3 !S

1 !1

3 !S

2 !2
4 !E
1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

2 !2

3 !S
3 !S
4 !E

UMBC

1 !1

UNC Asheville

1 !1

1 !1
1

UNC Greensboro

1 !1

UNI

1 !1
1 !1

UNLV

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

3 !S
2 !2
2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

UT Martin

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Utah

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
3 !S

2 !2

2 !2
4 !E

1 !1
2 !2

1 !1

UTEP

2 !2

1 !1

UTSA

1 !1
1 !1

Valparaiso

1 !1
1 !1

Vanderbilt

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1
3 !S
3 !S
4 !E
5 !F
3 !S
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
1 !1

2 !2
4 !E
4 !E
2 !2
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

VCU

1 !1

Vermont

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
2 !2

Villanova

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1

2 !2
2 !2
4 !E
2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

2 !2

Virginia

1 !1
1 !1
2 !2
3 !S
4 !E
3 !S
5 !F
6 !R
5 !F
4 !E
3 !S
4 !E
4 !E
3 !S
2 !2
1 !1
3 !S
1 !1
1 !1
2 !2

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1

2 !2

Virginia Tech

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2
3 !S

2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2

Wake Forest

2 !2

Washington

1 !1
2 !2
2 !2
3 !S
2 !2
4 !E
3 !S

2 !2
2 !2
3 !S

1 !1
1 !1

4 !E

1 !1

2 !2
1 !1

1 !1
5 !F
3 !S

Washington St.

1 !1

Weber St.

1 !1
1 !1

West Virginia

2 !2

3 !S

1 !1

2 !2
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
2 !2

2 !2
2 !2

Western Caro.

1 !1

1 !1

Western Ill.

1 !1

1 !1

Western Ky.

5 !F
5 !F
2 !2
2 !2
1 !1
1 !1
3 !S
6 !R
3 !S
2 !2
3 !S

1 !1
2 !2

2 !2

1 !1

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

Western Mich.

1 !1

1 !1

Wichita State

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1

Winthrop

1 !1

Wisconsin

1 !1

2 !2
2 !2

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1

1 !1

Wright St.

1 !1

Wyoming

1 !1

Xavier

1 !1

2 !2
1 !1
4 !E

1 !1

1 !1
1 !1
1 !1
4 !E
2 !2

Youngstown St.

1 !1

2 !2

1 !1


document_title: El Chapo (TV series)

question_text: when is el chapo season 3 coming out

question_tokens: when is el chapo season 3 coming out

text: El Chapo (TV series)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Marco de la O as Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán
Humberto Busto as Conrado Higuera Sol "Don Sol" (a fictionalized portrayal of Genaro García Luna)
Alejandro Aguilar as Toño
Rodrigo Abed as Amado Carrillo Fuentes (alias "El Señor de los Cielos")
Luis Fernando Peña as Armando "Rayo" López
Juan Carlos Oliva as Héctor Luis Palma Salazar (alias "El Güero Palma")
Antonio de la Vega as Arturno Bernal Leyda (a fictionalized portrayal of Arturo Beltrán Leyva)
Rolf Petersen as Ramón Avendaño (a fictionalized portrayal of Ramón Arellano Félix)
Carlos Hernán Romo as Benjamín Avendaño (a fictionalized portrayal of Benjamín Arellano Félix)
Héctor Holten as President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Diego Vásquez as Ismael Zambada García (alias "El Mayo" and/or "Don Ismael")
Teté Espinoza as Chío
Luis Rábago as General Blanco
Dolores Heredia as Gabriela Saavedra

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Ricardo Lorenzana as Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo (alias "El Padrino")
Mauricio Mejía as Pablo Escobar
Biassini Segura as "El Lobito" Avendaño
Valentina Acosta as Alejandra (Alejandrina María Salazar Hernández)
Juliette Pardau as Graciela (Griselda López Pérez)
Abril Schreiber as Guadalupe
Hugo Gómez as Attorney Federico Livas
Joseph Fusezzy as Charles Pilliod (U.S. Ambassador)
David Ojalvo as DEA Administrator John C. Lawn
Camilo Amores as Arturo Guzmán Loera (alias "El Pollo")

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
7
April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)
May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21)[7][8]

2
12
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)[9][10]
December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03)[11]

3
TBA
2018
TBA

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Chapter 1"
April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)
1.73[12]

Joaquín Guzmán is a man who seeks to open his way in the illegal world of drug trafficking. for this he makes himself known with his other colleagues like El Chapo and seeks to change the rules of business at all costs. To start with everything knows that he needs to risk dying and looks for the Colombian capo named Pablo Escobar and offers to spend a ton of merchandise in only 48 hours but if he does not he will be a dead man. Joaquín is a lover of the tunnels to cross the drug along the Mexican border without any danger of being discovered and this will be his key to climbing the business. When everything seems to go perfectly El Chapo receives the news of his father's death by a severe illness and although his relationship was not the best he wanted to say goodbye but time did not work in his favor.

2
2
"Chapter 2"
April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)
1.73[12]

Joaquín Guzmán Loera initiates a war against the Avendaño to avenge the death of his compadre and of the family of El Güero. Amado, General Blanco and Don Sol decide to blame El Chapo for the murder of Cardinal Posadas Ocampo.

3
3
"Chapter 3"
April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30)
1.60[13]

Ramón will do his best to get revenge on El Chapo. Don Sol meets with Gabriela to question her about the crimies of Colonel Blanco that he has been able to maintain in the dark.

4
4
"Chapter 4"
May 7, 2017 (2017-05-07)
1.58[14]

El Chapo proposes to Herrerías to give him part of his merchandise in El Salvador as long as they are associated. El Chapo is quoted to talk business with Herrerías but everything turns out to be a deception of Lieutenant Rosado to be able to deliver it to the police.

5

6
5

6
"Chapter 5 and 6"
May 14, 2017 (2017-05-14)
1.37[15]

El Chapo is taken to Mexico thanks to the military. Conrado Sol is given the task of holding a press conference where he presents El Chapo as the most important drug trafficker in Mexico. Gabriela is murdered for having had copies of the unpublished newspaper file of Colonel Blanco that implicates him. El Chapo begins his days in jail and this puts him thinking about how to escape.

7
7
"Chapter 7"
May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21)
1.54[16]

El Chapo spent four months isolated in The Paddies on orders from La Licenciada. After a long time in the punishment cell, El Chapo returns to his cell where he believes he can rest from so many humiliations.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

8
1
"Chapter 1"
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)[17][18]
1.45[19]

El Chapo is once again the news of the moment around the world. El Chapo proposes to his new allies to work together to get rid of the Avedaño cartel.

9
2
"Chapter 2"
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
1.18[20]

El Chapo asks Chito for help so that he can escape from prison in exchange for making him part of his team. Conrado is looking for Mirta to offer his services against narco and thus be able to put himself back into the government.

10
3
"Chapter 3"
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
1.19[21]

El Chapo prepares the fall of the Avendaño and keeps Don Sol informed of all his movements. Don Sol warns the president to gain his trust and be appointed as the operational director of the federal police.

11
4
"Chapter 4"
October 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)
N/A

The Chapo carries out a lethal attack against the gulf cartel. El Cano and his accomplices set up a new breed of hired assassins.

12
5
"Chapter 5"
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
N/A

El Chapo is pressed by the government to avoid a new war. El Chapo talks with Chente and proposes to leave apart personal rivalries for stability in business.

13
6
"Chapter 6"
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
N/A

Before a new electoral year, 'Don Sol' looks for the way to stay in the next government. "El Chapo" meets Elba Coronado, a 17-year-old teenager who is hopelessly in love with her.

14
7
"Chapter 7"
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)
N/A

El Chapo believes he has everything to become the king of the narco and therefore plans to make his move bolder. El Chapo decides to go for Chente and El Cano to snatch Juarez and Nuevo Laredo.

15
8
"Chapter 8"
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05)
1.35[22]

Evelina, a humble peasant decides to go to Culiacán to look for her daughter who was kidnapped by the Sinaloa cartel. Omar, a teenager from Nuevo Laredo, is kidnapped, drugged and forced to kill for 'Los Emes'.

16
9
"Chapter 9"
November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12)
1.13[23]

Arturo Bernal Leyda, one of the main partners of 'El Chapo' in 'La Federación', takes the risk of leading the negotiations with his fiercest enemies. 'El Chapo' negotiates with 'Don Sol' to let his son go free.

17
10
"Chapter 10"
November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19)
1.15[24]

In a tragic and unexpected turn of events, Sinaloa's own sicarios confuse the presence of Arturo Meza and the son of El Chapo with Arturo Bernal's.

18
11
"Chapter 11"
December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03)[11]
1.30[25]

After recognizing the body of his son, El Chapo takes refuge in the ranch of his mother to take grief. In the city, the enemies of El Chapo give no respite and continue the war. Don Sol demands the presence of El Chapo in the battle.

19
12
"Chapter 12"
December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03)[11]
1.30[25]

El Chapo reaffirms his destiny and unlike what his enemies expected the pain of his son's death has not sunk him, on the contrary, it has fueled his ambition. Joaquín confirms that he is back and stronger than ever.


document_title: Police station

question_text: who is the incharge of police station in india

text: Police station

text: Name[edit]

text: Large departments may have many stations to cover the area they serve. The names used for these facilities include:

text:
Barracks for many American state police and highway patrol stations and in Ireland.
District office for the California Highway Patrol.
Precinct house or informally precinct for some urban police departments in the United States such as the New York City Police Department, Memphis Police Department, Newark Police Department, where stations are in charge of precincts.
Police house
Police office, especially in Scotland.
Station house
Substations are smaller facilities used by many departments, especially county sheriffs.

text: Multiple informal names exist, such as "cophouse".

text: The area a police station serves has a variety of different names, such as precinct, district, division and zone. However, in some police forces such as Hampshire Constabulary, police stations do not serve a specific area and the officers have great flexibility over where they can operate.

text: Facilities[edit]

text: Typical facilities at police stations include:

text:
Office space where senior officers, detectives and administrative staff can work.
Cells for detainees. In the UK, the area with cells is known as a custody suite.
Interview rooms, for both detainees and non-detained visitors.
Property rooms for storing evidence and seized property.
Lockers and storerooms for storing equipment.
A reception desk for public visitors.

text: Specialized stations exist in a number of countries. An example includes women's police stations in Latin America.

text: By country[edit]

text: India[edit]

text: A police station in India is typically under the command of an Inspector. In the case of a police station which is the headquarters of a Police Circle, the Inspector's office is clearly demarcated (and most likely in a separate building).In police station SHO(station house officer) is in charge.An urban police station probably have a Inspector ranked officer will have the charge of sho.w ile in rural station SI will be in charge of station.Other than sho the police station have Adl si,GD,Writers, station guards,women desk,driver constable and duty staffs.

text: Ireland[edit]

text: The police stations (or barracks) of the Garda Síochána come in the following types, in ascending order of size:

text:
Sub-district stations: Stations in small towns and villages, led by an officer who is no higher in rank than a sergeant. Since the 1980s, many of these small stations have been closed or reduced to operating part-time.
District headquarters: Located in the largest town in a Garda district, with the most senior officer being a superintendent.
Divisional headquarters: Located in the largest town or city within a Garda division, which in turn comprises multiple districts. The most senior officer is a chief superintendent.
Garda headquarters: Located in Phoenix Park, Dublin and includes the office of the Garda Commissioner, as well as other senior officers.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: The county Constabularies in Great Britain were previously organised on a village basis. Most villages of any size had a "police house". Police houses in small villages were often staffed by a single uniformed Constable, with larger stations being staffed by more. Local police stations were grouped together under the command of a uniformed Sergeant, whose station was known as a "sergeant's station". Larger towns in the county constabulary areas had police stations staffed by a number of officers, often under the command of an inspector or superintendent, usually also commanding a sub-division or division respectively, and therefore giving the names of "sub-divisional station" or "divisional station" to their stations.

text: In Scotland a Police Station may be referred to as a Police Office.[citation needed]

text: Image gallery[edit]

text:
An English police station: Wood Street station in Wakefield

Police Assistance Booth, Manali, Himachal Pradesh, India

Famous Davidwache in Hamburg, Germany.

Many British and Commonwealth police stations have a blue lamp outside.

Cells used in Leith Police Station between 1833 and 2003

J.C. "Buster" Court Public Safety complex in Stafford, Texas

Police station in Patagonia (southern Chile).

The NYPD's 1st precinct station on Varick Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.