document_title: List of most common surnames in Europe

question_text: what is the most common surname in france

question_tokens: what is the most common surname in france

text: List of most common surnames in Europe

text: Albania[edit]

text: At the moment, listings for the most common names are unavailable for Albania. However the most common names include the following:

text:
Common names denoting profession. Of these, religious professional names have been particularly widespread, including Hoxha (a Muslim priest, Sunni or Bektashi, with its variant Hoxhaj), Prifti (a Christian priest, Catholic or Orthodox), Shehu (a Bektashi priest) and Dervishi (Bektashi clergy). Bektashi itself is also a common surname. Ironically, Hoxha was the surname of Enver Hoxha, the leader of Communist Albania who banned all religions. There are numerous other professional names which are not as common. Begu also denotes a former ruler and also the surname(s) Gjoni or Gjonaj
Common names which originated as patrinomials. Common names of this sort include Leka or Lekaj (Alex), Gjoni or Gjonaj (John), Murati (Murad), Mehmeti (Mehmed), Hysi (typically short for Hussein), Gjika/Gjoka (short for Jacob, cf Jake), Marku (Mark), Kola/Kolla/Nikolla (Nicholas), Hasani (Hassan), Kristi/Kristo, Luka (Lucas), Brahimi (Abraham, from Turkish), Sinani, Thanasi (Athanasius), Halili (Halil), and Abazi (Abbas). Albanians of Muslim background often bear Christian last names (denoting former Christian origin), and those with Christian often bear Muslim last names (which many in Northern regions adopted thinking it would lead to better treatment from the Ottoman authorities), although the holders of Bektashi surnames are usually actually of Bektashi background
Common names which originated as place names. May denote former residence, or, if the bearer has a Muslim patrilineal background, that their ancestors ruled the place. Common places used as surnames include Dibra, Laci, Shkodra, Prishtina, Delvina, Koroveshi and Permeti, as well as the famous Frasheri surname of the Frasheri family. Additionally common some names indicate regional origins: Gega/Gegaj (for one of Gheg origin), Tosku/Toskaj (signifying Tosk origin) and Chami (for Cham origin).
Some common names are Northern Albanian clan names that double as place names such as Kelmendi and Shkreli. Other notable clan-origin names include Berisha, Krasniqi and Gashi. These sorts of names are very common in far Northern Albania and in Kosovo.
Colors: of which Kuqi (red) and Bardhi (white) are the most commonly used as surnames.

text: Armenia[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Romanization
Meaning

1
Հովհաննիսյան
Hovhannisyan
Son of Hovhannes (John)

2
Հարությունյան
Harutyunyan
Son of Harutyun ("resurrection")

3
Սարգսյան
Sargsyan
Son of Sargis

4
Խաչատրյան
Khachatryan
Son of Khachatur ("given by cross")

5
Գրիգորյան
Grigoryan
Son of Grigor (Gregory)

text: Austria[edit]

text: The forty-one most common surnames in Austria as published in 2006 are shown below beside the approximate percentage of the Austrian population sharing each surname.[1]

text:
Rank
Name
Meaning
Approximate percentage

1
Gruber
deprecated term for miner
0.3991

2
Huber
deprecated term for land-owning farmer
0.3873

3
Bauer
farmer
0.3373

4
Wagner
wainwright
0.3100

5
Müller
miller
0.3012

6
Pichler

0.2753

7
Steiner
'one who dwells by the stone'
0.2713

8
Moser
'moss person'
0.2674

9
Mayer
deprecated term for a privileged farmer
0.2653

10
Hofer
deprecated term; probably for steward, property or horse maintenance, even blacksmith or related
0.2479

11
Leitner

0.2429

12
Berger
deprecated term for mountaineer
0.2383

13
Fuchs
fox
0.2250

14
Eder

0.2144

15
Fischer
fisher
0.2141

16
Schmid
deprecated term for blacksmith
0.2115

17
Winkler
deprecated term for an owner of a small shop
0.2015

18
Weber
weaver
0.1995

19
Schwarz
black
0.1961

20
Maier
deprecated term for farmer
0.1946

21
Schneider
tailor
0.1915

22
Reiter
rider (only horses, no bikes)
0.1790

23
Mayr
deprecated term for farmer
0.1751

24
Schmidt
deprecated term for blacksmith
0.1740

25
Wimmer

0.1628

26
Egger
ploughman
0.1610

27
Brunner
'water well person'
0.1602

28
Lang
long
0.1599

29
Baumgartner
'tree gardener'
0.1586

30
Auer

0.1555

31
Binder
cooper
0.1458

32
Lechner

0.1435

33
Wolf
wolf
0.1395

34
Wallner

0.1394

35
Aigner
allodial title
0.1386

36
Ebner

0.1342

37
Koller

0.1301

38
Lehner
a function in feudalism
0.1268

39
Haas

0.1261

40
Schuster
shoemaker
0.1168

41
Heilig
holy
0.1161

text: Azerbaijan[edit]

text:
Rank[2]
Name
Romanization
Meaning

1
Məmmədov
Mammadov
"Son of Mammad"

2
Əliyev
Aliyev
"Son of Ali"

3
Həsənov
Hasanov
"Son of Hasan"

4
Hüseynov
Huseynov
"Son of Hüseyn"

5
Quliyev
Guliyev
"Son of Qulu"

6
Hacıyev
Hajiyev
"Son of Haji"

7
Rəsulov
Rasulov
"Son of Rasul"

8
Süleymanov
Suleymanov
"Son of Suleyman"

9
Musayev
Musayev
"Son of Musa"

10
Abbasov
Abbasov
"Son of Abbas"

11
Babayev
Babayev
"Son of Baba"

12
Vəliyev
Valiyev
"Son of Vali"

13
Orucov
Orujov
"Son of Oruc"; Oruc also means "fasting"

14
İsmayılov
Ismayilov
"Son of Ismayil"

15
Ibrahimov
Ibrahimov
"Son of Ibrahim"

text: Belarus[edit]

text: Statistics available for Belarusian capital Minsk only:[3]

text:
Rank
Surname in Russian
Surname in Belarusian
Romanization
Population

1
Иванов
Іваноў
Ivanoŭ
7,000

2
Козлов
Казлоў
Kazloŭ
4,700

3
Ковалёв
Кавалёў
Kavalioŭ
4,300

4
Козловский
Казлоўскі
Kazloŭski
3,900

5
Новик
Новік
Novik
3,300

text: Belgium[edit]

text: Belgium is a European nation composed of three main regions: Flemish Region (Flanders), Walloon Region (Wallonia), and Brussels-Capital Region. The Flemish region has a Dutch language tradition, while the Walloon region has a French language tradition. These different linguistic backgrounds are reflected in differing frequencies of surnames, as shown in the table below. (data from 1 January 2008; total population: 10,666,866)[4][5]

text:
National Rank
Name
Number of people
Rank (Flanders)
Rank (Wallonia)
Rank (Brussels)

1
Peeters
32,657
1
67
2

2
Janssens
30,296
2
56
1

3
Maes
25,524
3
63
8

4
Jacobs
19,999
4
97
4

5
Mertens
18,518
6
72
5

6
Willems
18,498
5
68
17

7
Claes
16,553
7

43

8
Goossens
15,883
9

15

9
Wouters
15,732
8

35

10
De Smet
14,259
10

25

13
Dubois
12,975

1
3

17
Lambert
11,802

2
11

21
Dupont
10,369

4
12

31
Martin
9,008

3
10

37
Simon
7,774

5
13

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina[edit]

text: Bosniaks[edit]

text:
Hodžić ('Imam')
Hadžić ('Hajji')
Čengić (Turkish for Genghis)
Delić
Demirović ('son of Demir')
Kovačević ('Blacksmith')
Tahirović ('son of Tahir')
Ferhatović ('son of Ferhat')
Muratović ('son of Murat')
Ibrahimović ('son of Ibrahim')
Hasanović ('son of Hasan')
Mehmedović ('son of Mehmed')
Salihović ('son of Salih')
Terzić ('tailor')
Ademović ('son of Adem')
Adilović ('son of Adil')
Delemović
Zukić
Krličević
Suljić ('son of Salomon/Suliman')
Ahmetović ('Son of Ahmad')

text: Serbs[edit]

text: The following names are the most common names for Serbs from Bosnia.[6]

text:
Kovačević ('son of the blacksmith')
Subotić ('Saturday')
Savić ('son of Sava')
Popović ('son of the priest')
Jovanović ('son of Jovan')
Petrović ('son of Petar')
Đurić ('son of Đura')
Babić ('grandmother'/'old woman')
Lukić ('son of Luka')
Knežević ('son of the prince')
Marković ('son of Marko')
Ilić ('son of Ilija')
Đukić ('son of Đuka')
Vuković ('son of Vuk')
Vujić ('son of Vujo')
Simić ('son of Simo')
Radić ('son of Rade')
Nikolić ('son of Nikola')
Marić ('son of Mara')
Mitrović ('son of Mitar')
Tomić ('son of Toma/Tomo')
Božić ('son of Božo')
Golubović ('dove'/'pigeon')

text: Bulgaria[edit]

text: Feminized names included (m. Dimitrov - f. Dimitrova).

text:
Dimitrov ('Dimitar's')
Dzhurov
Petrov ('Petar's')
Ivanov ('Ivan's')
Stoyanov ('Stoyan's')
Stefanov ('Stefan's')
Boyanov ('Boyan's')
Trifonov ('Trifon's')
Sofiyanski
Tasev
Metodiev ('Metodiy's')
Katzarov
Iliev ('Iliya's')
Gospodinov ('Gospodin's')
Apostolov ('Apostol's')
Hristov
Hasanov ('Hasan's')
Nikolov (Nikola's')
Bojidarov ('Bojidar's')
Stoichkov
Lechkov
Yanev ('Yane's')
Yankov ('Yanko's')
Stoev
Konstantinov ('Konstantin's')
Grigorov ('Grigor's')
Gruev
Georgiev ('Georgi's')
Kremenliev
Mihaylov ('Mikhail's')
Blagoev ('Blagoy's')

text: Croatia[edit]

text:
Rank[7][8][9]
Frequency
Surname
Surname derivation[10]

1
7004216180000000000♠21,618
Horvat
ethnic name for a Croat

2
7004151600000000000♠15,160
Kovačević
patronymic, from kovač "blacksmith"

3
7004128400000000000♠12,840
Babić
matronymic, or nickname, from baba "(old) woman", "grandmother"

4
7004115550000000000♠11,555
Marić
1. matronymic, from Mara - short variant of Marija "Mary"; 2. patronymic, from Maro - short variant of Marije "Marius" or Marijan "Marianus"

5
7004111630000000000♠11,163
Jurić
patronymic, from Jure or Juro - regional variants of Juraj "George"

6
7004107940000000000♠10,794
Novak
1. a newcomer, from novy "new"; 2. topographic name, for peasant who settled on newly cleared land

7
7004105460000000000♠10,546
Kovačić
patronymic, from kovač "blacksmith"

8
7004103340000000000♠10,334
Knežević
from knez "prince" or "duke"

9
7004101910000000000♠10,191
Vuković
patronymic, from Vuk - ancient Slavic name meaning "wolf"

10
7003985400000000000♠9,854
Marković
patronymic, from Marko "Marcus"

11
7003961400000000000♠9,614
Petrović
patronymic, from Petar and Peter

12
7003996000000000000♠9,960
Matić
patronymic, from Matija "Matthias" or Matej "Matthew"; or possibly from their short variants Mate or Mato

13
7003946400000000000♠9,464
Tomić
patronymic, from Tomo or Toma "Thomas"

14
7003860100000000000♠8,601
Pavlović
patronymic, from Pavao, Pavle, and Pavel "Paul"

15
7003854200000000000♠8,542
Kovač
occupational name, from kovač "blacksmith"

16
7003825800000000000♠8,258
Božić
patronymic, from Božo (from bozhy meaning of God)

17
7003815200000000000♠8,152
Blažević
patronymic, from Blaž lat. Blasius "Blaise"

18
7003801000000000000♠8,010
Grgić
patronymic, from Grga or Grgo - short variants of Grgur "Gregory"

19
7003753800000000000♠7,538
Pavić
patronymic, from Pavo - short or regional variant of Pavao "Paul"

20
7003740600000000000♠7,406
Radić
patronymic, from Rade (Slavic name meaning happy)

21
7003735100000000000♠7,351
Perić
patronymic, from Pero (Peter)

22
7003732100000000000♠7,321
Filipović
patronymic, from Filip

23
7003718400000000000♠7,184
Šarić

24
7003713100000000000♠7,131
Lovrić
patronymic, from Lovro (Lawrence)

25
7003698600000000000♠6,986
Vidović
patronymic, from Vid (Vitus)

26
7003690300000000000♠6,903
Perković
patronymic, from Perko (Peter)

27
7003679700000000000♠6,797
Popović
patronymic, from Pop (priest)

28
7003676000000000000♠6,760
Bošnjak
ethnic name for a Bosniak

29
7003665300000000000♠6,653
Jukić
patronymic, from Juko or Juka - regional variants of Juraj "George"

30
7003641700000000000♠6,417
Barišić
patronymic, from Bariša - short or regional variant of Bartol, Bartul, Bartolomej "Bartholomew"

text: Czech Republic[edit]

text: Feminized names are included (m. Novák/f. Nováková). Figures are from 2009 and provided by Czech Ministry of the Interior.

text:
Statistic of the Czech Republic surnames[11][12][13]

Rank
Name
Meaning
Number of males
Number of females

1
Novák/Nováková
new man/woman
34,168
35,558

2
Svoboda/Svobodová
freeholder
25,292
26,569

3
Novotný/Novotná
newman
24,320
25,328

4
Dvořák/Dvořáková
grange owner
22,299
23,445

5
Černý/Černá
black man/woman
17,813
18,504

6
Procházka/Procházková
walker
16,074
16,817

7
Kučera/Kučerová
curly man/woman
15,187
15,689

8
Veselý/Veselá
cheerful, merry man/woman
12,882
13,494

9
Horák/Horáková
highlander
12,165
12,796

10
Němec/Němcová
German
11,192
11,563

text: Denmark[edit]

text: Nineteen of the twenty most common Danish surnames as of 1 January 2016 are patronymic, the only exception being Møller (Miller).[14]

text:
Nielsen – 255,138
Jensen – 254,675
Hansen – 213,339
Pedersen – 161,074
Andersen – 157,753
Christensen – 118,117
Larsen – 114,711
Sørensen – 109,746
Rasmussen – 93,723
Jørgensen – 87,466
Petersen – 78,329
Madsen – 63,723
Kristensen – 60,116
Olsen – 47,579
Thomsen – 39,117
Christiansen – 36,656
Poulsen – 31,874
Johansen – 31,001
Møller – 30,059
Mortensen – 29,258

tag: ol

text: Estonia[edit]

text: Data from 2008.[15]

text: Names of Estonian origin:

text:
Rank
#
Surname
Meaning

1
5,241
Tamm
oak

2
4,352
Saar
island/ash (tree)

3
3,624
Sepp
smith

4
3,613
Mägi
hill, mountain

5
2,847
Kask
birch

6
2,728
Kukk
rooster

7
2,265
Rebane
fox

8
2,165
Ilves
lynx

9
1,933
Pärn
linden tree

10
1,882
Koppel
paddock

text: Names of Russian origin:

text:
Rank
#
Surname

1
6,789
Ivanov

2
3,402
Smirnov

3
3,153
Vassiljev

4
2,932
Petrov

5
2,339
Kuznetsov

6
1,968
Mihhailov

7
1,927
Pavlov

8
1,909
Semjonov

9
1,862
Andrejev

10
1,845
Aleksejev

text: Faroe Islands[edit]

text: The 20 most common surnames in the Faroe Islands as published in 2009 are shown below beside the number of people of the Faroese population sharing each surname.[16]

text:
Rank
Name
Number of individuals

1
Joensen
2,512

2
Hansen
2,339

3
Jacobsen
2,169

4
Olsen
1,784

5
Poulsen
1,400

6
Petersen
1,312

7
Johannesen
1,091

8
Thomsen
722

9
Nielsen
682

10
Johansen
584

Rank
Name
Number of individuals

11
Rasmussen
565

12
Simonsen
543

13
Djurhuus
528

14
Jensen
523

15
Danielsen
518

16
Mortensen
488

17
Mikkelsen
457

18
Dam
433

19
Højgaard
429

20
Andreasen
420

text: Finland[edit]

text:
Rank
Surname
Meaning
Population
Percentage[17]

1
Korhonen
Uncertain meaning; see article
23,312
0.425

2
Virtanen
virta = stream
23,020
0.420

3
Mäkinen
mäki = hill
21,014
0.383

4
Nieminen
niemi = cape
20,969
0.382

5
Mäkelä
hill place
19,538
0.356

6
Hämäläinen
Tavastian, comes from Tavastia
19,129
0.349

7
Laine
wave
18,752
0.342

8
Heikkinen
first name Heikki, "Henry", "Henrik"
17,926
0.327

9
Koskinen
koski = rapids
17,737
0.324

10
Järvinen
järvi = lake
16,802
0.306

11
Lehtonen
lehto = grove
16,649
0.304

12
Lehtinen
lehti = leaf
15,602
0.285

13
Saarinen
saari = island
15,295
0.279

14
Salminen
salmi = strait
15,087
0.275

15
Heinonen
heinä = hay
14,957
0.273

16
Niemi
cape
14,951
0.273

17
Heikkilä
first name Heikki, "Henry", "Henrik"
14,558
0.266

18
Kinnunen
from Swedish word skinnare = skinner
14,319
0.261

19
Salonen
salo = backwoods
14,270
0.260

20
Turunen
turku = market, selling place, nowadays only the name of a city
13,802
0.252

21
Salo
backwoods
13,487
0.246

22
Laitinen
laita = side, margin
13,085
0.239

23
Tuominen
tuomi = bird cherry
12,852
0.234

24
Rantanen
ranta = shore, beach
12,834
0.234

25
Karjalainen
Karelian, comes from Karelia
12,830
0.234

26
Jokinen
joki = river
12,514
0.228

27
Mattila
first name Matti, "Matt", "Mathew", -la = place
12,330
0.225

28
Savolainen
Savonian, comes from Savonia
11,592
0.211

29
Lahtinen
lahti = bay
11,470
0.209

30
Ahonen
aho = meadow
11,238
0.205

text: Most of the names on this list are typical examples of surnames that were adopted when modern surnames were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries In the romantic spirit, they refer to natural features: virta "river", koski "rapids", mäki "hill", järvi "lake", saari "island" — often with the suffix -nen added after the model of older, mainly eastern Finnish surnames such as Korhonen and Heikkinen. "Hämäläinen" literally means an inhabitant of Häme. The suffix -nen is an adjective ending.

text: Most common Swedish surnames in Finland[edit]

text:
Rank
Surname
Population
Percentage[17]

1
Johansson
8,679
0.158

2
Nyman
7,552
0.138

3
Lindholm
7,382
0.135

4
Karlsson
7,096
0.129

5
Andersson
6,403
0.117

text: France[edit]

text:
Rank[18]
#
Surname

1
235,846
Martin

2
105,132
Bernard

3
95,998
Dubois

4
95,387
Thomas

5
91,393
Robert

6
90,689
Richard

7
88,318
Petit

8
84,252
Durand

9
78,868
Leroy

10
78,177
Moreau

11
76,655
Simon

12
75,307
Laurent

13
74,564
Lefebvre

14
74,318
Michel

15
68,720
Garcia

16
61,762
David

17
59,817
Bertrand

18
59,440
Roux

19
57,351
Vincent

20
57,047
Fournier

21
56,760
Morel

22
55,642
Girard

23
55,228
André

24
53,670
Lefèvre

25
53,622
Mercier

26
53,405
Dupont

27
51,543
Lambert

28
50,999
Bonnet

29
50,612
François

30
49,762
Martinez

text: Georgia[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Romanization
Total Number[19]
(2013)

1
ბერიძე
Beridze
28,289

2
მამედოვი
Mamedovi
27,662

3
კაპანაძე
Kapanadze
18,966

4
ალიევი
Alievi
18,687

5
გელაშვილი
Gelashvili
18,128

6
მაისურაძე
Maisuradze
16,175

7
გიორგაძე
Giorgadze
13,994

8
ლომიძე
Lomidze
12,995

9
წიკლაური
Tsiklauri
12,869

10
ბოლქვაძე
Bolkvadze
12,306

text: Germany[edit]

text:
Rank
Surname
Meaning
Percentage[20]

1
Müller
miller
0.95[21]

2
Schmidt
deprecated term for blacksmith (lit. "smith")
0.69[22]

3
Schneider
tailor
0.40

4
Fischer
fisher
0.35

5
Meyer
deprecated term for farmer, originally estate administrator (lit. "mayor")
0.33[23]

6
Weber
weaver
0.30

7
Schulz
deprecated term for constable or mayor
0.27

8
Wagner
wainwright, worn-down form of 'wagoner', one who makes wagons/wheels
0.27

9
Becker
deprecated term for baker
0.27

10
Hoffmann
deprecated term for 'man of the court'
0.26

text: Greece[edit]

text: The majority of Greek names are patronymic. There are also several names derived from professions (Samaras, Σαμαράς = saddle maker, Papoutsis, Παπουτσής = shoe maker), area of (former) residence (Kritikos, Κρητικός = from Crete, Aivaliotis, Αϊβαλιώτης= from Ayvalik), nicknames relating to physical or other characteristics (Kontos, Κοντός = short, Mytaras, Μυταράς = large-nosed, Koufos, Κουφός = deaf) and more.

text: The patronymic suffix varies between dialects; thus Giannidis, Giannakos, Giannatos, Giannopoulos, Giannelis, Giannioglou all mean "son of Giannis."[24]

text: Hungary[edit]

text:
Rank[25][26]
#
Surname
Meaning

1
235,400 (2.4%)
Nagy
Big

2
228,210 (2.3%)
Horváth
Croat

3
217,359 (2.2%)
Kovács
Smith (occupational name)

4
209,549 (2.1%)
Szabó
Tailor (occupational name)

5
206,954 (2.1%)
Tóth
Slavic (non-Orthodox)

6
137,847 (1.4%)
Varga
Leatherworker (occupational name)

7
131,435 (1.3%)
Kiss
Small

8
106,942 (1.1%)
Molnár
Miller (occupational name)

9
91,878 (0.9%)
Németh
German/Germanic

10
83,188 (0.8%)
Farkas
Wolf

11
80,575 (0.8%)
Balogh
Left-handed

12
52,766 (0.5%)
Papp
Priest (occupational name)

13
52,131 (0.5%)
Takács
Weaver (occupational name)

14
51,224 (0.5%)
Juhász
Shepherd (occupational name)

15
47,151 (0.5%)
Lakatos
Locksmith (occupational name)

16
40,079 (0.4%)
Mészáros
Butcher (occupational name)

17
38,330 (0.4%)
Oláh
Vlach/Romanian

18
37,960 (0.4%)
Simon
Simon

19
35,008 (0.4%)
Rácz
Serb, South Slavic

20
34,496 (0.3%)
Fekete
Black(-haired)

text: 2,095,788 individuals (21% of the population) bear the most common 20 names, and 3,347,493 individuals (33.5%) bearing the top 100 names.

text: Republic of Ireland[edit]

text: The prevalence of some of these names is the result of more than one distinct Irish language names being represented by the same anglicised version.

text:
#
Surname
Modern Irish
Original Irish
Meaning

1
Murphy
Ó Murchú
Ó Murchadha
Mac Murchaidh
Descendant of Murchadh (a personal name meaning "Sea hound/warrior")

2
(O')Kelly
Ó Ceallaigh
Descendant of Ceallach ("strife")

3
(O')Sullivan
Ó Súilleabháin
Descendant of Súilleabhán ("dark-eyed one", "one-eyed" or "hawk-eyed")

4
Walsh
Breathnach
Breatnach
"Breton", "Welshman"

5
Smith
Mac Gabhann
Son of a smith

6
O'Brien
Ó Briain
Descendant of Brian

7
(O')Byrne
Ó Broin
Descendant of Bran

8
(O')Ryan
Ó Riain
Ó Riain
Ó Maoilriain
Ó Ruaidhín
Descendant of Rian (possibly meaning "king")
Descendant of Maoilriaghan ("bald king")
Descendant of Ruaidhín ("little red-haired one")

9
O'Connor
Ó Conchobhair
Descendant of Conchobhar ("hound/chief assistance")

10
O'Neill
Ó Néill
Descendant of Niall (possibly meaning "cloud", "passionate" or "champion")

11
(O')Reilly
Ó Raghallaigh
Descendant of Raghallach

12
Doyle
Ó Dubhghaill
Descendant of Dubhghall ("dark-haired foreigner")

13
McCarthy
Mac Cárthaigh
Son of Cárthach ("loving")

14
(O')Gallagher
Ó Gallchóir
Ó Gallchobhair
Descendant of Gallchobhar ("foreign assistance")

15
(O')Doherty
Ó Dochartaigh
Descendant of Dochartach ("hurtful")

16
Kennedy
Ó Cinnéide
Ó Ceannéidigh
Descendant of Cinnéide ("ugly head")

17
Lynch
Ó Loingsigh
Descendant of Loingseach ("longboat")

18
Murray
Ó Muireadhaigh
Mac Muireadhaigh
Mac Giolla Mhuire
Descendant of Muireadhach ("chieftain")
Descendant of a servant of Mary

19
(O')Quinn
Ó Cuinn/Coinne
Descendant of Conn ("hound/chief")

20
(O')Moore
Ó Mórdha
Descendant of Mórdha ("majestic")

text: Names starting with O' and Mac/Mc were originally patronymic. Of the names above, with the exception of Smith and Walsh, all originally began with O' or Mac/Mc but many have lost this prefix over time. Mac/Mc, meaning Son, and Ó, meaning From, are used by sons born into the family. In the case of a daughter being born into the family she would use Ní/Nic, for example Ó Muireadhaigh becomes Ní Mhuireadhaigh. A woman who marries into the family and takes her husband's name uses Uí/Mic- e.g. Uí Mhuireadhaigh.[27][28]

text: Italy[edit]

text: From Mappa dei Cognomi website.[29]

text:
Rank
Name
Frequency
Region of Origin

1
Rossi
60.487
Lazio

2
Russo
42.877
Campania

3
Ferrari
33.707
Emilia Romagna

4
Esposito
31.980
Campania

5
Bianchi
25.121
Lombardy

6
Romano
24.062
Lazio

7
Colombo
23.484
Lombardy

8
Bruno
20.509
Piedmont

9
Ricci
19.879
Tuscany

10
Greco
18.225
Apulia

11
Marino
17.939
Sicily

12
Gallo
17.622
Campania

13
De Luca
17.438
Campania

14
Conti
17.173
Tuscany

15
Costa
16.875
Sicily

16
Mancini
16.784
Lazio

17
Giordano
16.636
Campania

18
Rizzo
16.394
Campania

19
Lombardi
15.220
Lombardy

20
Barbieri
14.304
Emilia Romagna

21
Moretti
14.255
Lombardy

22
Fontana
14.214
Lombardy

23
Caruso
13.756
Sicily

24
Mariani
13.652
Lombardy

25
Ferrara
13.236
Campania

26
Santoro
13.141
Campania

27
Rinaldi
12.861
Lombardy

28
Leone
12.661
Campania

29
D'Angelo
12.620
Abruzzo

30
Longo
12.273
Apulia

31
Galli
12.240
Lombardy

32
Martini
12.090
Lazio

33
Martinelli
11.819
Lombardy

34
Serra
11.484
Sardinia

35
Conte
11.347
Campania

36
Vitale
11.266
Campania

37
De Santis
11.208
Abruzzo

38
Marchetti
11.115
Lazio

39
Messina
11.113
Sicily

40
Gentile
11.019
Apulia

41
Villa
11.011
Lombardy

42
Marini
10.875
Lazio

43
Lombardo
10.803
Sicily

44
Coppola
10.783
Campania

45
Ferri
10.679
Emilia Romagna

46
Parisi
10.675
Lombardy

47
De Angelis
10.509
Abruzzo

48
Bianco
10.467
Piedmont

49
Amato
10.449
Campania

50
Fabbri
10.330
Emilia Romagna

51
Gatti
10.303
Lombardy

52
Sala
10.283
Lombardy

53
Morelli
10.181
Tuscany

54
Grasso
10.076
Sicily

55
Pellegrini
10.027
Veneto

56
Ferraro
10.020
Campania

57
Monti
10.007
Lombardy

58
Palumbo
9.775
Campania

59
Grassi
9.749
Lombardy

60
Testa
9.728
Campania

61
Valentini
9.435
Umbria

62
Carbone
9.293
Campania

63
Benedetti
9.258
Lazio

64
Silvestri
9.250
Lazio

65
Farina
9.168
Campania

66
D'Amico
9.125
Abruzzo

67
Martino
8.877
Calabria

68
Bernardi
8.849
Veneto

69
Caputo
8.826
Apulia

70
Mazza
8.756
Calabria

71
Sanna
8.740
Sardinia

72
Fiore
8.734
Apulia

73
De Rosa
8.727
Campania

74
Pellegrino
8.678
Sicily

75
Giuliani
8.647
Lazio

76
Rizzi
8.594
Lombardy

77
Di Stefano
8.521
Abruzzo

78
Cattaneo
8.479
Piedmont

79
Rossetti
8.454
Lombardy

80
Orlando
8.423
Sicily

81
Basile
8.368
Sicily

82
Neri
8.358
Emilia Romagna

83
Barone
8.344
Sicily

84
Palmieri
8.297
Campania

85
Riva
8.203
Lombardy

86
Romeo
8.074
Calabria

87
Franco
8.047
Calabria

88
Sorrentino
8.017
Campania

89
Pagano
8.007
Campania

90
D'Agostino
7.904
Abruzzo

91
Piras
7.889
Sardinia

92
Ruggiero
7.812
Campania

93
Montanari
7.795
Emilia Romagna

94
Battaglia
7.713
Sicily

95
Bellini
7.690
Lombardy

96
Castelli
7.671
Lombardy

97
Guerra
7.572
Veneto

98
Poli
7.538
Lombardy

99
Valente
7.493
Campania

100
Ferretti
7.489
Lazio

text: Kosovo[edit]

text: Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the Brussels Agreement. Kosovo has received formal recognition as an independent state from 112 out of 193 United Nations member states.

text:
Surname

Zogaj

Gashi

Krasniqi

Morina

Kelmendi

Beqiri

Jakupi

Kastrati

Avdiu

Shala

Ademi

Sejdiu

Hoxha

text: Latvia[edit]

text:
Rank[30][31]
Surname
Meaning

1
Bērziņš
birch (diminutive)

2
Kalniņš
hill (diminutive)

3
Ozoliņš
oak (diminutive)

4
Jansons
son of Jānis (Germanized)

5
Ozols
oak

6
Liepiņš
linden (diminutive)

7
Krūmiņš
bush (diminutive)

8
Balodis
pigeon

9
Eglītis
fir (diminutive)

10
Zariņš
branch (diminutive)

11
Pētersons
son of Pēteris (Germanized)

12
Vītols
willow

13
Kļaviņš
maple (diminutive)

14
Kārkliņš
willow (diminutive form of Kārkls)

15
Vanags
hawk

text: Lithuania[edit]

text:
Lithuania[32]

2015

Rank
Men
Women[note 1]

1
Kazlauskas
Kazlauskienė

2
Jankauskas
Jankauskienė

3
Petrauskas
Petrauskienė

4
Stankevičius
Stankevičienė

5
Vasiliauskas
Vasiliauskienė

6
Butkus
Butkienė

7
Žukauskas
Žukauskienė

8
Paulauskas
Paulauskienė

9
Urbonas
Urbonienė

10
Kavaliauskas
Kavaliauskienė

text: Luxembourg[edit]

text: Out of 236,000 entries in the EDITUS phone book:

text:
Rank[33]
#
Surname

1
1929
Schmit

2
1473
Muller

3
1380
Weber

4
1335
Hoffmann

5
1300
Wagner

6
1027
Thill

7
939
Schmitz

8
793
Schroeder

9
712
Reuter

10
706
Klein

11
674
Becker

12
660
Kieffer

13
650
Kremer

14
610
Faber

15
556
Meyer

16
550
Schneider

17
543
Weiss

18
538
Schiltz

19
537
Simon

20
533
Welter

21
504
Hansen

22
496
Majerus

23
467
Ries

24
459
Meyers

25
451
Kayser

26
441
Steffen

27
438
Krier

28
421
Braun

29
411
Wagener

30
405
Diederich

text: Malta[edit]

text:
Rank[34]
%
#
Surname

1
3.3
13,610
Borg

2
3.1
13,090
Camilleri

3
2.9
12,192
Vella

4
2.9
11,953
Farrugia

5
2.3
9,769
Zammit

6
2.1
8,767
Galea

7
2.1
8,677
Micallef

8
2.0
8,178
Grech

9
1.8
7,680
Attard

10
1.8
7,316
Spiteri

text: Macedonia[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Andov – son of Ande
Angelov – son of Angel
Bogdanov – son of Bogdan
Bozinov – son of Bozhin
Brankov – son of Branko
Damcevski
Davidov – son of David
Dimitrov – son of Dimitar
Donev – son of Doncho
Filipov – son of Filip
Georgiev – son of Georgi
Ivanov – son of Ivan
Ivanovski – son of Ivan
Janev – son of Jane
Kitanovski
Kostovski – son of Kosta
Kostov
Manasievski – son of Manas
Markov – son of Marko
Matovski – son of Mato
Mladenovski – son of Mladen
Nikolovski – son of Nikola
Pavlovski
Penov – son of Peni
Petkov – son of Petko
Petrevski – son of Petar
Petrovski
Popoff – Priest
Popovski
Ristevski – son of Risto
Stojanov – son of Stojan
Trajanovski – son of Trajan
Trajcevski
Trajkovski

text: Moldova[edit]

text:
Rank
Surname
Meaning
Total number of families[35]

1
Rusu
from Rus
23,028

2
Ceban
shepherd
20,929

3
Ciobanu
shepherd
17,167

4
Țurcan
(archaic) farmer
16,984

5
Cebotari
shoemaker
15,464

6
Sîrbu
Serb
14,171

7
Lungu
long
14,090

8
Munteanu
from the mountain
13,904

9
Rotari
from roată = wheel
13,511

10
Popa
priest
12,923

11
Ursu
bear
11,456

12
Guțu
dove
11,433

13
Roșca
red-haired, ginger
11,194

14
Melnic
miller
10,632

15
Cojocari
coat crafter
10,526

text: Netherlands[edit]

text: The most recent complete count of surnames in the Netherlands is based on the September 2007 county registrations.

text:
Rank
Name
Number in 2007
Percent
Number in 1947
English equivalent or (when lacking) meaning

1
De Jong
86,534
0.53%
55,256
Young

2
Jansen
75,699
0.46%
49,213
Johnson

3
De Vries
73,157
0.45%
49,298
the Frisian

4
Van den Berg *
60,130
0.37%
37,678
of/from the mountain

5
Van Dijk, Van Dyk
57,944
0.35%
36,578
of/from the dike

6
Bakker
56,864
0.35%
37,483
Baker

7
Janssen
55,394
0.34%
32,824
Johnson

8
Visser
50,929
0.31%
34,721
Fisher

9
Smit
43,493
0.27%
29,783
Smith

10
Meijer, Meyer
41,497
0.25%
28,256
Bailiff or steward

11
De Boer
39,576
0.24%
25,662
Farmer

12
Mulder
37,250
0.23%
24,665
Miller

13
De Groot
37,221
0.23%
24,724
The big/great/large

14
Bos
36,478
0.22%
23,790
Bush or Woods

15
Vos
31,154
0.19%
19,461
Fox

16
Peters
30,864
0.19%
18,583
Peters

17
Hendriks
30,199
0.18%
18,538
Henderson

18
Van Leeuwen
28,774
0.18%
17,754
From Leeuwen/Leuven; Levi (leeuwen is the plural of lion)

19
Dekker
28,682
0.17%
18,782
Thatcher

20
Brouwer
26,224
0.16%
17,468
Brewer

21
De Wit
24,904
0.15%
15,156
White

22
Dijkstra
24,175
0.15%
15,647
(Frisian) of/from the dike

23
Smits
23,816
0.15%
15,151
Smith

24
De Graaf
21,699
0.13%
13,718
The count/earl/administrator

25
Van der Meer
21,354
0.13%
13,011
of/from the lake

text: If closely related names are combined, the top 15 become:

text:
Name
Number of people

1
Jansen, Janssen, Janse
135,003

2
de Jong, de Jonge, de Jongh, Jong
108,240

3
Smit, Smits, Smid, de Smit, Smet, Smith
76,604

4
de Vries, Vries, de Vriese
74,058

5
vd Berg, vd Bergh, vd Berge, vd Bergen*
69,080

6
Visser, Visscher, Vissers, de Visser
68,952

7
van Dijk, van Dyk, Dijk, van Dijck
64,070

8
Bakker, Bekker, de Bakker, Backer
62,183

9
de Boer, Boer, den Boer, van de Boer
57,072

10
Mulder, Muller, Müller, Mulders, de Mulder
52,394

11
Peters, Peeters, Pieters, Peterse, Peter
52,389

12
vd Veen, vd Ven, van Veen, van 't Veen *
49,935

13
Bos, Bosch, de Bos
47,995

14
Meijer, Meyer, Meijers
47,761

15
de Groot, Groot, de Groote
47,511

text: Source: Nederlands Repertorium van Familienamen, Meertens-Instituut, 1963-2009. Data can be viewed in the Corpus of Family Names in the Netherlands See specifically De top 100 van de familienamen in Nederland (Dutch)

text: Names ending in -stra or -ma are usually of Frisian origin. For example, Terpstra, Bijlsma, Halsema.

text: Names ending in -ink or -ing are usually of Low Saxon origin. For example, Hiddink, Meyerink, Mentink.

text: Norway[edit]

text:
Rank[36]
#
Surname
Meaning

1
53,011
Hansen
patronymic; son of Hans

2
50,088
Johansen
patronymic; son of Johan or Johannes

3
49,303
Olsen
patronymic; son of Olav, Ole, Olaf or Ola

4
37.869
Larsen
patronymic; son of Lars, Lauritz ot Laurits

5
37,206
Andersen
patronymic; son of Anders (or Andres)

6
35,402
Pedersen
patronymic; son of Peder, (Petter, Peter or Per)

7
34,941
Nilsen
patronymic; son of Nils (or Niels)

8
23,595
Kristiansen
patronymic; son of Kristian (or Christian)

9
23,079
Jensen
patronymic; son of Jens

10
21,330
Karlsen
patronymic; son of Karl (or Carl)

11
20,755
Johnsen
patronymic; son of John (or Jon)

12
20,226
Pettersen
patronymic; son of Petter, (Peter, Peder or Per)

13
19,241
Eriksen
patronymic; son of Erik, (Eirik or Erich)

14
18,133
Berg
toponymic; a hill

15
14,392
Haugen
toponymic; the mound

16
14,126
Hagen
toponymic; the garden

17
13,387
Johannessen
patronymic; son of Johannes (or Johan)

18
12,139
Andreassen
patronymic; son of Andreas

19
11,925
Jacobsen
patronymic; son of Jacob (or Jakob)

20
11,540
Dahl
toponymic; a valley

21
11,481
Jørgensen
patronymic; son of Jørgen

22
11,477
Halvorsen
patronymic; son of Halvor (or Hallvard)

23
11,364
Henriksen
patronymic; son of Henrik (or Henrich)

24
11,282
Lund
toponymic; a grove

text: Poland[edit]

text:
Rank
Surname
Meaning
Population[37]

1
Nowak
"newman"
207,348

2
Kowalski
from kowal "smith"
140,471

3
Wiśniewski
from wiśnia "cherry"
111,174

4
Wójcik
from wójt, a noun describing chief officer of a municipality (gmina), from a popular name Wojciech; from the word "wojak" (warrior)
100,064

5
Kowalczyk
from kowal "smith", literally "smith's son"
98,739

6
Kamiński
from kamień "stone"
95,816

7
Lewandowski
from lawenda "lavender"
93,404

8
Zieliński
from zielony "green"; from zioło, ziele "herb"
91,522

9
Szymański
from Szymon, equivalent to Simon
89,698

10
Woźniak
from woźny, "usher"
89,015

11
Dąbrowski
from dąbrowa "oak grove"
87,304

12
Kozłowski
from kozioł "buck"
76,657

13
Jankowski
from Janek, a diminutive of John
69,280

14
Mazur
Formerly, 'a man from Mazovia'
68,090

15
Kwiatkowski
from kwiatek "flower (dim.)"
66,917

16
Wojciechowski
from the name Wojciech; from the word "wojak" (warrior)
66,879

17
Krawczyk
from krawiec "tailor", "tailor's son"
64,543

18
Kaczmarek
from karczmarz "innkeeper"
62,399

19
Piotrowski
from Piotr (Peter)
61,844

20
Piecyk
from piec "bake"
60,001

text: Polish names which end with -ski or -cki have both male and female forms - Kamiński / Kamińska, Wielicki / Wielicka, etc. This needs to be considered when taking a count by, for instance, scanning a telephone book. Historically, -ski, cognate with English -ish and French -esque, was a particle of nobility, like German von.

text: Portugal[edit]

text: The 50 most frequent surnames in Portugal are:[38][39]

text:
Order
Surname
Meaning
Frequency
%
Frequency
(in 1000)

1
Silva
woodland
9.44%
995

2
Santos
saints
5.96%
628

3
Ferreira
blacksmith
5.25%
553

4
Pereira
pear tree
4.88%
514

5
Oliveira
olive tree
3.71%
391

6
Costa
[from the] coast
3.68%
387

7
Rodrigues
son of Rodrigo
3.57%
376

8
Martins
son of Martim
3.23%
340

9
Jesus
Jesus
2.99%
315

10
Sousa
[from] Sousa (toponym)
2.95%
311

11
Fernandes
son of Fernando
2.82%
297

12
Gonçalves
son of Gonçalo
2.76%
291

13
Gomes
son of Gome/Gomo
2.57%
271

14
Lopes
son of Lopo
2.52%
265

15
Marques
son of Marcos
2.51%
265

16
Alves
abbreviated form of
Álvares, son of Álvaro
2.37%
250

17
Almeida
toponymic
2.27%
239

18
Ribeiro
from the riverside
2.27%
239

19
Pinto

2.09%
220

20
Carvalho
oak tree
1.97%
208

21
Teixeira
toponymic, yew tree related
1.69%
178

22
Moreira
mulberry
1.54%
162

23
Correia

1.53%
161

24
Mendes
son of Mendo
1.39%
146

25
Nunes
son of Nuno
1.32%
139

26
Soares
son of Soeiro
1.28%
135

27
Vieira
scallop
1.2%
127

28
Monteiro

1.11%
117

29
Cardoso
spiny, having to do with teazels
1.07%
113

30
Rocha
rock
1.04%
110

31
Neves
snows
(devotion to Our Lady of the Snows)
0.98%
103

32
Coelho
rabbit
0.97%
102

33
Cruz
cross (of Jesus)
0.94%
99

34
Cunha
wedge
0.93%
98

35
Pires
son of Pero (Peter)
0.92%
97

36
Ramos
tree branches or related to Passover Friday
0.86%
91

37
Reis
devotion to the
Three Kings ("Reis")
0.85%
90

38
Simões
son of Simão (Simon)
0.85%
90

39
Antunes
son of António
0.82%
86

40
Matos
bush
0.82%
86

41
Fonseca

0.81%
86

42
Machado
axe
0.76%
80

43
Araújo
toponymic
0.69%
73

44
Barbosa
toponymic
0.69%
72

45
Tavares
toponymic
0.67%
71

46
Lourenço
Laurent, related to laurels
0.65%
68

47
Castro
castrum
0.62%
66

48
Figueiredo

0.62%
65

49
Azevedo

0.60%
64

50
Freitas

0.60%
63

text: Romania[edit]

text:
Rank[40]
Surname
Pronunciation
Meaning

1
Popa
[ˈpopa]
Priest

2
Popescu
[poˈpesku]
from Popa (Priest)

3
Pop
[pop]
short form of Popa

4
Radu
[ˈradu]

5
Dumitru
[duˈmitru]

6
Stan
[stan]
shortened form of Stanislav

7
Stoica
[ˈstojka]

8
Gheorghe
[ˈɡe̯orɡe]
form of George

9
Matei
[maˈtej]
Romanian form of Matthew

10
Ciobanu
[t͡ʃjoˈbanu]
Shepherd

11
Ionescu
[ioˈnesku]
from Ion (Romanian form of John)

12
Rusu
[rusu]
Russian

text: Russia[edit]

text: The 20 most common widespread Russian surnames (for males) from the European part of Russia, as calculated by Balanovskaya et al. (2005):[41]

text:
Rank
Surname
Transliteration
Meaning
Percentage[41]

1
Смирно́в
Smirnov
quiet one's
1.61

2
Ивано́в
Ivanov
son of Ivan
1.30

3
Кузнецо́в
Kuznetsov
smith's
0.90

4
Попо́в
Popov
priest's son
0.79

5
Соколо́в
Sokolov
falcon's
0.73

6
Ле́бедев
Lebedev
swan's
0.65

7
Козло́в
Kozlov
he-goat's; metaphorically: bearded one
0.58

8
Но́виков
Novikov
newman's; see novik for historical details
0.54

9
Моро́зов
Morozov
frost's
0.53

10
Петро́в
Petrov
son of Pyotr
0.44

11
Во́лков
Volkov
wolf's
0.44

12
Соловьёв
Solovyov
nightingale's
0.44

13
Васи́льев
Vasilyev
son of Vasily
0.42

14
За́йцев
Zaytsev
hare's
0.41

15
Па́влов
Pavlov
son of Pavel
0.39

16
Семёнов
Semyonov
son of Semyon
0.35

17
Го́лубев
Golubev
pigeon's
0.32

18
Виногра́дов
Vinogradov
grape's
0.32

19
Богда́нов
Bogdanov
son of Bogdan
0.31

20
Воробьёв
Vorobyov
sparrow's
0.30

text: Those Russian surnames that end with -ov/-ev or -in/-yn are originally patronymic or metronymic possessive adjectivals with the meaning "son of" or "daughter/wife of" (the feminine is formed with the -a ending - Smirnova, Ivanova, etc.). In older documents such surnames were written with the word syn "son", for example, Ivánov syn "John's son" or Il'yín syn "Elijah's son"; the last word was later dropped. Such names are roughly equivalent to the English or Welsh surnames Richardson or Richards.

text: The Russian equivalent of "Smith, Jones, and Brown" (that is, the generic most popular surnames) is Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov, or "Jones, Peters, and Isidores", although Sidorov is now ranked only 66th.[41]

text: Serbia[edit]

text:
Rank[42]
Surname
Cyrillic script
Meaning

1
Jovanović
Јовановић
Son of Jovan (John)

2
Petrović
Петровић
Son of Petar (Peter)

3
Nikolić
Николић
Son of Nikola (Nicholas)

4
Marković
Марковић
Son of Marko (Mark)

5
Đorđević
Ђорђевић
Son of Đorđe (George)

6
Stojanović
Стојановић
Son of Stojan (Stoyan)

7
Ilić
Илић
Son of Ilija (Elijah)

8
Stanković
Станковић
Son of Stanko (Stan)

9
Pavlović
Павловић
Son of Pavle (Paul)

10
Milošević
Милошевић
Son of Miloš (Milosh)

text: Slovakia[edit]

text:
Rank[43][44]
#
Surname
Meaning
Origins

1
30,813
Horváth
"Croat"
Croatian through Hungarian

2
29,079
Kováč
"Blacksmith"
Slavic, Indo-European

3
21,650
Varga
"Leatherworker, cobbler"
Hungarian[26]

4
21,604
Tóth
"Slovak (Slav)"
Germanic through Hungarian[26][44]

5
19,341
Nagy
"Large/Tall"
Hungarian[26]

6
14,114
Baláž
"Blessed"
Hungarian via Latin Blasius and Old Church Slavonic "blessed", from Indo-European

7
13,998
Szabó
"Tailor"
Hungarian[26]

8
12,632
Molnár
"Miller"
Croatian through Hungarian[26]

9
10,872
Balog
"Left-handed"
Hungarian,[26] or from Slavic "marsh", or both

10
9,718
Lukáč
"Luke" Latin Lucas,
Greek

text: Note: The most common surnames in Slovakia are a mixture of Indo-European and the Ugric roots reflecting the 900-year-long coexistence of the Indo-European Slovaks and speakers of other Indo-European languages with Ugric Hungarians and the Croatians, under Hungarian assimilation pressure throughout the 19th century (see Magyarization, see History of Slovakia). In 1910 Hungarians made up one-third of the population of present-territory of Slovakia.[45] Hungarians are currently an 8% minority[44] in Slovakia due to population exchanges and Slovakization.[46] (see Demographics of Slovakia). While ethnic Hungarians are relatively few in Slovakia, their large presence on the list of most common names reflects the intra-lingual frequency of the frequent names in Hungary.

text: Slovenia[edit]

text:
Rank[47]
#
Surname
Meaning

1
11,196
Novak
new man; from a newly established farm

2
9,762
Horvat
Croat

3
5,640
Kovačič
son of blacksmith

4
5,585
Krajnc
from Carniola

5
5,019
Zupančič
son of farmer or the village elder

6
4,729
Potočnik
near stream

7
4,729
Kovač
blacksmith

8
3,957
Mlakar
near puddle

9
3,905
Kos
blackbird

10
3,885
Vidmar
farmer belonging to the ruler's estate

11
3,855
Golob
pigeon

12
3,506
Turk
Turk

13
3,421
Božič
Christmas

14
3,418
Kralj
King

15
3,285
Korošec
from Carinthia

16
3,256
Zupan
mayor (originally, village elder)

17
3,209
Bizjak
archaic term for refugee; usually applied to Slavic Christian families that had fled from the Ottoman Empire

18
3,136
Hribar
from the hill

19
3,069
Kotnik
from a remote area (literally, from a corner)

20
3,003
Kavčič

21
2,992
Rozman

22
2,873
Kastelic
from a castle

23
2,841
Oblak
cloud

24
2,828
Žagar
sawer

25
2,821
Petek
Friday

26
2,808
Hočevar
from Kočevje or from Gottschee County

27
2,807
Kolar

28
2,738
Košir

29
2,598
Koren

30
2,399
Klemenčič
son of Klemen

text: Spain[edit]

text: The top ten surnames cover about 20% of the population, with important geographical differences. The regional distribution of surnames within Spain was homogenized mostly through internal migrations, especially since 1950. Names typical of the old crown of Castile have become the most common all over the country. Most of the common Spanish surnames originating from Germanic first names were introduced in Spain during the fifth to seventh centuries by the Visigoths, so almost all are from the Visigoth tradition.

text:
García - 1,378,000 people (3.48%) Pre-Roman, Basque.
Fernández - 851,000 (2.15%) Son of Fernando, Fredenand, or Fridnand; Germanic
González - 839,000 (2.12%) Son of Gonzalo, from the Latinised form Gundisalvus; Germanic
Rodríguez - 804,000 (2.03%) Son of Rodrigo, Roderic; Germanic
López - 796,000 (2.01%) Son of Lope, Latin Lupus, meaning wolf
Martínez - 788,000 (1.97%) Son of Martin, Latin Martis, genitive form of Mars
Sánchez - 725,000 (1.83%) Son of Sancho, Latin Sanctius
Pérez - 709,000 (1.79%) Son of Pedro, Latin Petrus
Martín - 459,000 (1.16%)
Gómez - 440,000 (1.11%) Son of Gomes, Gomo, or Gomaro; Germanic
Ruiz - 321,000 (0.81%) Son of Rui, variation or short for Rodrigo
Hernández - 305,000 (0.77%) Son of Hernando, variation of Fernando
Jiménez - 293,000 (0.74%) son of Jimeno, Xemeno, or Ximeno
Díaz - 293,000 (0.74%) Son of Diego
Álvarez - 273,000 (0.69%) Son of Alvaro, from Alvar; Germanic
Moreno - 261,000 (0.66%) Brown-haired, tanned, brunet
Muñoz - 241,000 (0.61%) Son of Munio; Pre-Roman
Alonso - 206,000 (0.52%) Variation of Alfonso; Germanic
Gutiérrez - 170,000 (0.43%) Son of Gutier, Gutierre, or Gualtierre; Germanic
Romero - 170,000 (0.43%) (pilgrim)
Navarro - 158,400 (0.40%) Navarrese, "from Navarre"; toponym
Torres - 134,600 (0.34%) Towers; toponym
Domínguez - 134,600 (0.34%) Son of Domingo, from Latin Domenicus, Dominus, "master"
Gil - 134,600 (0.34%) From older form Egidio; patronymic
Vázquez - 130,000 (0.33%) Son of Vasco or Velasco
Serrano - 122,700 (0.31%) "Highlander"
Ramos - 118,000 (0.30%) Branches; meaning born during Christian festivity Palm Sunday
Blanco - 118,000 (0.30%) "White"
Sanz - 106,900 (0.27%)
Castro - 102,900 (0.26%) "village". See castro and castrum
Suárez - 102,900 (0.26%) Son of Suero or Suaro; unknown origin
Ortega - 99,000 (0.25%) From Ortiga, nettle plant
Rubio - 99,000 (0.25%) Blond, fair-haired; Latin Rubeus, meaning ruddy, reddish
Molina - 99,000 (0.25%) (Mill, place with mills)
Delgado - 95,000 (0.24%) "Thin man"
Ramírez - 95,000 (0.24%) Son of Ramiro, Radamir, or Radmir; Germanic
Morales - 95,000 (0.24%) Blackberry groves
Ortiz - 87,120 (0.22%) Son of Ortún; Latin Fortunius, meaning fortunate one
Marín - 83,160 (0.21%) Latin Marinus, meaning sailor
Iglesias - 83,160 (0.21%) "Churches"

text: Source:[48] - Data from December 1999. (2004 data confirmation of top 25)

text: Canary Islands[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Approximate percentage

1
González
4.79

2
Rodríguez
4.64

3
Hernández
4.01

4
Pérez
3.35

5
García
3.25

6
Martín
2.21

7
Santana
2.18

8
Díaz
1.86

9
Suárez
1.38

10
Sánchez
1.29

11
López
1.21

12
Cabrera
1.18

13
Ramos
0.88

14
Medina
0.87

15
Fernández
0.75

16
Morales
0.73

17
Delgado
0.70

18
Marrero
0.70

19
León
0.69

20
Alonso
0.61

21
Herrera
0.59

22
Cruz
0.58

23
Domínguez
0.55

24
Gutiérrez
0.52

25
Reyes
0.50

26
Torres
0.48

27
Alvarez
0.66

28
Rivero
0.44

29
Armas
0.42

30
Trujillo
0.40

text: Sweden[edit]

text: Source: World Family Names

text:
Rank[49]
#
Surname
Meaning

1
251,621
Andersson
son of Anders

2
251,495
Johansson
son of Johan

3
223,151
Karlsson
son of Karl

4
171,360
Nilsson
son of Nils

5
147,514
Eriksson
son of Erik

6
124,686
Larsson
son of Lars

7
114,280
Olsson
son of Olof, Olov, Ola, Ole or Olle (usually a nickname)

8
107,911
Persson
son of Per

9
101,834
Svensson
son of Sven

10
97,536
Gustafsson
son of Gustaf

11
96,011
Pettersson
son of Petter

12
73,869
Jonsson
son of Jon

13
50,170
Jansson
son of Jan

14
43,926
Hansson
son of Hans

15
34,302
Bengtsson
son of Bengt

16
32,249
Jönsson
son of Jöns

17
27,533
Lindberg
contraction of lind (the tree tilia cordata) and berg (mountain)

18
26,793
Jakobsson
son of Jakob

19
26,562
Magnusson
son of Magnus

20
26,424
Olofsson
son of Olof

text: List of the 10 most common names among the Sami people (compiled from one third of the Sametinget voting list 2005):[50]

text:
Rank
Surname
Meaning

1
Andersson
son of Anders

2
Johansson
son of Johan

3
Nilsson
son of Nils

4
Larsson
son of Lars

5
Persson
son of Per

6
Blind
 ? of Sami descent

7
Jonsson
son of Jon

8
Eriksson
son of Erik

9
Nutti
 ? of Sami descent

10
Labba
 ? of Sami descent

text: Switzerland[edit]

text: Surnames of the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino

text:
Rank
Name

1
Bianchi

2
Bernasconi

3
Fontana

4
Crivelli

5
Galli

6
Cereghetti

7
Colombo

8
Rossi

9
Ferrari

10
Cavadini

11
Sante

12
Ravelli

13
Giovanni

14
Piero

text: German-speaking cantons (1998): Source:[51]

text:
Rank
#
Surname
Meaning

1
31,000
Müller
miller

2
19,150
Meier
tenant of a large farm

3
16,900
Schmid
blacksmith

4
13,000
Keller
winemaker

5
11,850
Weber
weaver

6
10,550
Huber
tenant of a small large farm

7
10,350
Meyer
tenant of a large farm

8
10,300
Schneider
tailor

9
8,950
Steiner
'stone person'

10
8,200
Fischer
fisherman

11
8,100
Brunner
'water well person'

12
8,000
Baumann
'constructionman'

13
7,950
Gerber
tanner

14
7,750
Frei
free (in terms of freedom)

15
7,500
Moser
'bog person'

text: Turkey[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Meaning

1
Yılmaz
unbeatable/dauntless

2
Kaya
rock

3
Demir
iron

4
Şahin
falcon

5
Çelik
steel

6
Yıldız
star

7
Yıldırım
thunderbolt

8
Öztürk
pure Turk

9
Aydın
enlightened

10
Özdemir
pure iron

text: Source: Turkish General Directorate of Population and Citizenships[52]

text: Ukraine[edit]

text: Many of the surnames use the same root but different suffixes, or even different roots of the same meaning, depending on the part of Ukraine the person hails from.[53]

text:
Rank
Surname
Meaning

1
Melnyk
miller

2
Shevchenko
shoemaker's

3
Boyko
the Boyko (a member of a group of Ukrainian highlanders)

4
Kovalenko
smith's

5
Bondarenko
cooper's

6
Tkachenko
weaver's

7
Kovalchuk
smith's

8
Kravchenko
tailor's

9
Oliynyk
oil maker

10
Shevchuk
shoemaker's

11
Koval
smith

12
Polishchuk
the Polesian, a man from Polesia

13
Bondar
cooper

14
Tkachuk
weaver's

15
Moroz
frost

16
Marchenko
Mark's

17
Lysenko
fox's (from Lys) or baldhead's (from Lysyi)

18
Rudenko
redhead's

19
Savchenko
Savka's (Savka is a form of Sava or Savva)

20
Petrenko
Petro's

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: England[edit]

text:
Rank
Surname
Percentage[54]

1
Smith
1.26

2
Jones
0.75

3
Taylor
0.59

4
Brown
0.56

5
Williams
0.39

6
Wilson
0.39

7
Johnson
0.37

8
Davies
0.34

9
Robinson
0.32

10
Wright
0.32

11
Thompson
0.31

12
Evans
0.30

13
Walker
0.30

14
White
0.30

15
Roberts
0.28

16
Green
0.28

17
Hall
0.28

18
Wood
0.27

19
Jackson
0.27

20
Clarke
0.26

text: The following list is for Greater London.[55]

text:
Brown
Smith
Patel (India)
Jones
Williams
Johnson
Taylor
Thomas
Roberts
Khan (Pakistan)
Lewis
Jackson
Clarke
James
Phillips
Wilson
Ali (Arabic/Turkey)
Mason
Mitchell
Rose
Davis
Davies
Rodríguez (Spain/Latin America)
Cox
Alexander

text: Northern Ireland[edit]

text: Data from University College London, Paediatric-Epidemiology Significance Surnames Paper. Numbers in brackets indicate percentages.

text:
Wilson (England) (0.75)
Campbell (Scotland) (0.75)
Kelly (0.74)
Johnston (Scotland) (0.69)
Moore (0.62)
Thompson (0.61)
Smyth (0.60)
Brown (0.59)
O’Neill (0.57)
Doherty (0.54)
Stewart (Scotland) (0.54)
Quinn (0.51)
Robinson (England) (0.50)
Murphy (0.49)
Graham (England) (0.48)
Martin (0.45)
McLaughlin (0.45)
Hamilton (Scotland) (0.44)
Murray (0.43)
Hughes (0.41)

text: Scotland[edit]

text:
Smith (1.28)
Brown (0.94)
Wilson (England) (0.89)
Robertson (0.78)
Thomson (0.78)
Campbell (0.77)
Stewart (0.73)
Anderson (0.70)
Scott (0.55)
Murray (0.53)
MacDonald (0.52)
Reid (0.52)
Taylor (England) (0.49)
Clark (England) (0.47)
Ross (0.43)
Young (0.42)
Mitchell (0.41)
Watson (0.41)
Paterson (0.40)
Morrison (0.40)
Sanders (England) (0.40)

text: Wales[edit]

text:
Jones (5.75)
Williams (3.72)
Davies (3.72)
Evans (2.47)
Thomas (2.43)
Roberts (1.53)
Lewis (1.53)
Hughes (1.23)
Morgan (1.16)
Griffiths (0.96)
Edwards (0.93)
Smith (0.85)
James (0.82)
Rees (0.81)
Jenkins (0.69)
Owen (0.67)
Price (0.67)
Phillips (0.65)
Moss (0.63)
Driscoll (0.53) (Ireland)


document_title: H. Jon Benjamin

question_text: who does h jon benjamin play in family guy

root

text: H. Jon Benjamin

text: Early life[edit]

text: Benjamin was born on May 23, 1966 to a Jewish family[3] in Worcester, Massachusetts, and graduated from Worcester Academy in 1984.[4]

tag: p

text: Career[edit]

text: Benjamin's comedy career began in 1987 in Boston, where he was in a comedy duo with Sam Seder, then a member of Cross Comedy - a comedy team led by David Cross. For the first seven years of his career, Benjamin almost exclusively worked in groups rather than independently. Afterwards, his independent work remained more experimental, rejecting traditional styles of stand-up comedy.

text: Benjamin's live projects include the Midnight Pajama Jam, a show performed in New York City with Jon Glaser, and Tinkle, a show combining stand-up comedy and live music co-hosted by Todd Barry and David Cross. A Midnight Pajama Jam DVD is purportedly in production. He and Cross also appear together on the album Invite Them Up.

text: He was the guest on Space Ghost Coast to Coast in its eighty-first episode "King Dead" on December 17, 1999 where Zorak and Moltar kidnapped him. He has appeared in the television show Cheap Seats, on ESPN Classic, as "Gene Stapleton" and "Rabbi Marc Shalowitz". He co-starred in Todd Barry's short film Borrowing Saffron, and portrayed a talking can of vegetables with a shameful habit of autofellatio in the film Wet Hot American Summer. He also made short cameos in Not Another Teen Movie as the football trainer and on the FX Network comedy-drama Rescue Me as the pimp "F-bomb" in season two. He can also be seen in Turbocharge- the Unauthorized Story of the Cars, a comedy biopic about 80's rock band The Cars, playing the role of Cars' manager Elliot Roberts in his usual deadpan comedic delivery.[5]

text: Benjamin has done extensive voice work in animated TV shows. His credits include starring roles in several Soup2Nuts cartoon shows, such as Science Court, Home Movies, O'Grady, Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist, and Assy McGee. He also co-created the show Freak Show with his friend David Cross. Benjamin also starred as the Devil and multiple other roles in Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil, which ran for one season on Adult Swim beginning September 9, 2007. Benjamin also plays a recurring character on the PBS Kids series WordGirl, and is the announcer for The Sam Seder Show and the recently revived The Majority Report. He also did the voice of "Shelly", Sam Seder's accountant, on Breakroom Live with Maron & Seder.

text: Benjamin has made guest appearances in several animated shows. He was in the Aqua Teen Hunger Force episodes "Bus of the Undead" and "The Last One" as Mothmonsterman, in "Broodwich" as Mr. Sticks, in "Bible Fruit" as Mortimer Mango, and played the live-action role of Master Shake in "Last Last One Forever and Ever", credited as Capt. Turd Mahoy. He also made a cameo appearance as a government agent in the film Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters alongside frequent collaborator Jon Glaser. He has appeared in Family Guy as Carl, a movie trivia-obsessed convenience store clerk who also portrayed Yoda in the Star Wars parody episodes "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side" and "It's a Trap!".

text: Other notable recent appearances include The Venture Bros., in the episodes "Escape to the House of Mummies Part II," "I Know Why the Caged Bird Kills," and "The Better Man," in which he played Dr. Orpheus's master—who appears in the form of Cerberus, Catherine the Great's horse and, in "The Better Man", both Dr. Orpheus's ex-wife and a future Dean Venture, respectively. He also appeared in the Stella short "Bar", which can be found as an easter egg on the Season 1 DVD. Benjamin appeared on the Comedy Central sketch/variety show Important Things with Demetri Martin and had nearly as much screen time as Martin himself.

text: In 2009 Benjamin, along with David Cross, created and wrote for Paid Programming, a live action television pilot for Cartoon Network's late night programing block, Adult Swim. Paid Programming was not picked up for a full series; this was confirmed when Benjamin referred to it as an "abject failure".[6]

text: Benjamin was featured in a Super Bowl XLIII Bud Light commercial with Conan O'Brien[7] and was responsible for the McCain Girls[8] videos on YouTube.[9] He voices Sterling Archer, a secret agent in the FX series Archer that first aired January 14, 2010.[10] He has also appeared in several segments of the television show Human Giant and had a cameo in the American Dad! episode "License to Till" as a talking head of cabbage.

text: Benjamin starred in the Comedy Central series Jon Benjamin Has a Van, which he co-created with comedian Leo Allen.[11] The series debuted on May 14, 2011; a total of 10 episodes aired, the last on August 10, 2011.

text: Beginning in 2013, Benjamin's voice can be heard as the narrator of a series of TV commercials for Coke Zero, including some with tie-ins to ESPN's College Game Day program.[citation needed]

text: In 2014 Benjamin was named as the year's best male comedy performer for his work on Bob's Burgers and Archer by the Vulture TV Awards, a digital expansion of New York magazine.[12]

text: In 2015, despite not knowing how to play any instrument, Benjamin released his first jazz album, Well, I Should Have....[13] Benjamin "played" piano and was joined by Scott Kreitzer on sax, David Finck on bass, and Jonathan Preitz on drums.[14]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1997
Who's the Caboose?
Ken Fold

1998
Next Stop Wonderland
Eric

2000
Happy Accidents
Reveler #1

2001
Wet Hot American Summer
Can of Vegetables (voice)

Not Another Teen Movie
Trainer

2002
Martin & Orloff
Keith

Borrowing Saffron
Ron
Short film

2003
Temptation
Kevin

2004
New York Minute
Vendor

2007
Puberty: The Movie
The Torah / Uncle Irving

Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters
CIA Agent #1 (voice)

The Ten
Lying Rhyno (voice)

2008
The Toe Tactic
Police Officer

A Bad Situationist
Isaiah

Turbocharge: the Unauthorized Story of the Cars
Dance Instructor

2014
22 Jump Street
MCS Coach
Uncredited[15]

Jason Nash Is Married
Dennis

2015
Creative Control
Gary Gass

Limbo
Jim
Short film

Hell and Back
The Tree (voice)

tag: table

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1994
Understanding
Quark
Episode: "Uncertainty"

1995–1999
2002
Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist
Ben / Various voices
80 episodes; also writer

1997
The Chris Rock Show
Third man on the street
Episode: "1.4"

The Jenny McCarthy Show
Various roles
6 episodes

1997–2000
Science Court
Prof. Nick Parsons (voice)
29 episodes

1998
Sex and the City
Jeff
Episode: "Bay of Married Pigs"

Upright Citizens Brigade
Various roles
10 episodes

1999
Dick and Paula Celebrity Special
Various voices
2 episodes; also writer

1999–2004
Home Movies
Coach John McGuirk / Jason Penopolis / Various voices
52 episodes; also writer, producer

1999
Space Ghost Coast to Coast
Himself
Episode: "King Dead"

2001–2009
Aqua Teen Hunger Force
Various voices
5 episodes

2002
Saddle Rash
Gummy / Tommy Morgan (voices)
Television pilot; also writer

2004
Pilot Season
Ken Fold
2 episodes

2004–2006
Cheap Seats: Without Ron Parker
Rabbi Marc Shalowitz / Gene Stapleton
4 episodes

2004–2006
O'Grady
Kevin Harnisch / Iris / Philip (voices)
19 episodes

2005
Rescue Me
Gary
Episode: "Rebirth"

2005-2006
Sunday Pants
Bob the Log
Featured on the Travel Logs shorts by Stuart Hill.

2005–2007
Lucy, The Daughter of the Devil
Satan / Special Father #1 (voices)
11 episodes; also writer

2006
Freak Show
Tuck / Various voices
7 episodes; also co-creator, writer, executive producer

2006–2012
The Venture Bros.
The Master (voice)
4 episodes

2006–present
Family Guy
Carl
25 episodes

2006–2008
Assy McGee
The Mayor / Various voices
19 episodes; also writer, consulting producer

2007–2015
WordGirl
Reginald / InvisiBill / Jewelry Store Clerk / Additional voices
31 episodes

2007–2008
Human Giant
Various characters
4 episodes; also consultant writer

2009
Michael and Michael Have Issues
Larry
Episode: "Frog Box"

Paid Programming
Various Characters
Television pilot
Co-creator, writer, executive producer

Parks and Recreation
Scott Braddock
Episode: "Kaboom"

Titan Maximum
Tap Banister (voice)
Episode: "Dirty Lansbury"

2009–present
Archer
Sterling Archer (voice)
93 episodes

2009–2010
Important Things with Demetri Martin
Various characters
7 episodes; also writer, co-producer

2011
Jon Benjamin Has a Van
Host
10 episodes; also co-creator, writer, executive producer

Soul Quest Overdrive
Mortimer (voice)
6 episodes; also co-creator, co-writer

2011–present
Bob's Burgers
Bob Belcher / Jimmy Pesto Jr. / Ms. LaBonz / Speedo Guy / Peter Pescadaro / various (voices)
129 episodes

2011
American Dad!
Talking Cabbage (voice)
Episode: "License to Till"

2012
Suburgatory
Tabitha
Episode: "Ryan's Song"

Ugly Americans
Dick Maggotbone (voice)
Episode: "Mark Loves Dick"

2013
Nathan For You
Himself
Episode: "Yogurt Shop/Pizzeria"

2014
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver
Ben
Episode: "State Legislatures and ALEC"

Family Guy
Bob Belcher (voice)
Episode: "The Simpsons Guy"

2015
Conan
Sterling Archer (voice)
Episode: "677"

2015
Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp
Mitch/Can of Vegetables
4 episodes

The Jim Gaffigan Show
Kevin
Episode: "The Bible Story"

The Adventures of Puss in Boots
Baltasar (voice)
Episode: "Luck"

2015–2017
Master of None
Benjamin
4 episodes

2015
All Hail King Julien
Fred
Episode: "The King Who Would Be King"

2016
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver
Scientist
Season 3, Episode 11. Scientific Studies segment

2016–present
People of Earth
Officer Glimmer
Recurring

2017
Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later
Mitch/Can of Vegetables

Difficult People
Brian
Episode: "Fuzz Buddies"


document_title: Sweet Home Alabama (film)

question_text: who played the mother in sweet home alabama

text: Sweet Home Alabama (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On a stormy Alabama beach, Jake Perry shows Melanie Smooter the glass sculptures that result when sand is struck by lightning. They discuss their future together, with Jake asserting they will be married one day.

text: In the present day, Melanie has changed her last name to Carmichael to hide her poor Southern roots. She is a successful up-and-coming fashion designer in New York City. After becoming engaged to Andrew, Melanie goes home alone to Alabama to tell her parents and to procure a divorce from her estranged husband Jake. Andrew's mother, the Mayor of New York, expresses doubt that Melanie is good enough for her son, whom she is grooming to eventually run for President of the United States. Melanie asks Jake why he has returned the divorce papers unsigned for the last seven years; he orders her out of his house, eventually calling the sheriff to intervene. When Melanie's father brings her home from the station, she announces her engagement.

text: Hoping to spur Jake to sign the papers, Melanie empties out his checking account, after learning that her name is still on it. Jake says he will sign the papers in the morning, lamenting "nobody finds their soulmate when they're ten years old".  Following Jake to a local bar, Melanie gets drunk and embarrasses herself in front of her childhood friends, expressing disgust at their lifestyle, confessing that Jake got her pregnant, hence why she married him, and outing a mutual friend, Bobby Ray Bailey.  When Melanie wakes up the next morning, the divorce papers are lying on her bed, finally signed by Jake.

text: Melanie visits the Carmichael plantation to apologize to Bobby Ray, where she is cornered by a man who claims to be a journalist but is actually the mayor's assistant, sent to gather information on Melanie's background. Realizing her predicament, Bobby Ray pretends to be her cousin, backing up her pretense that this is her childhood home. Melanie soon reconciles with her other friends, and learns that Jake followed her to New York City to win her back—intimidated by the size of Manhattan, he returned home determined to make something of himself first. Jake finds Melanie in a graveyard upset over their old dog, and they have a heart to heart about their wedding, the loss of their baby due to miscarriage, and Melanie leaving for a new life. Melanie now realizes why Jake never signed the divorce papers.

text: Andrew arrives at the Carmichael Plantation to surprise Melanie. Jake takes him to a Civil War reenactment, where Melanie is with her father. On the way, knowing who Andrew is, Jake regales him with the story of "Felony" Melanie Smooter, a young girl who once tied dynamite to a cat's tail and then was arrested after it ran into the bank. When Andrew sees Melanie at the battlefield, she tells  him Jake is her former husband. When her father introduces himself as Earl Smooter, Andrew realizes that Melanie has lied to him about who she really is and leaves. Andrew soon appears at Melanie's parents' house, having gotten over the shock and admitting he still wants to marry her, here in Alabama. Once Melanie's friends from New York arrive, they browse at a glazier whose wares they all have admired in New York, only to realize it is Jake.

text: Melanie's lawyer interrupts the wedding ceremony, bringing the divorce papers that Melanie herself has missed signing. Melanie hesitates, realizing her love for Jake.  She wishes Andrew luck in finding a good woman. Andrew, distressed but showing no ill-feelings, wishes her well in return. His mother explodes, berating Andrew for risking his promising political career and verbally attacking Melanie.  She then insults the town and Melanie's mother, for which Melanie punches her in the jaw, to the cheers of the crowd.

text: Melanie, in her wedding gown in the rain, finds Jake planting metal rods in the beach to draw lightning to create more sand sculptures. She tells him they are still married, and asks why he didn't tell her he came to New York. They repeat the conversation from when they were children about why they want to be married. As Jake and Melanie kiss, sheriff Wade "arrests" them and takes them to the bar owned by Jake's mother, where their friends and family are waiting. The pair finally get their long-awaited first dance as husband and wife, to the tune of Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama." A mid-credits sequence shows that they have a daughter. Melanie continues to thrive as a designer and Jake opens a "Deep South Glass" franchise in New York. A newspaper clipping announces the wedding of Andrew and a girl named Erin Vanderbilt.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Reese Witherspoon as Melanie Smooter-Carmichael. She grew up in Pigeon Creek, Alabama and moved to New York City to follow her dreams. Now a noted fashion designer, she was engaged to the wealthy Andrew Hennings.
Dakota Fanning as Young Melanie
Josh Lucas as Jake Perry. Perry is married to Melanie who has been his best friend since childhood. He lives in Pigeon Creek, Alabama.
Thomas Curtis as Young Jake
Patrick Dempsey as Andrew Hennings. The son of New York City Mayor Kate Hennings, he is engaged to Melanie.
Ethan Embry as Bobby Ray Bailey, one of Melanie's childhood friends. He is outed by Melanie and is a good friend to Jake.
Mary Kay Place as Pearl Smooter, mother of Melanie. She is happily married to Earl Smooter.
Fred Ward as Earl Smooter, Melanie's father. He enjoys participating in re-enactments of the Civil War.
Candice Bergen as Mayor Kate Hennings. The mother of Andrew, she is wary of his relationship with Melanie.
Jean Smart as Stella Kay Perry, the mother of Jake, Melanie's husband. She owns "Stella's", a local tavern.
Melanie Lynskey as Lurlynn, who lives in Pigeon Creek and is a childhood acquaintance of Melanie.
Courtney Gains as Sheriff Wade, a childhood friend of Melanie.
Mary Lynn Rajskub as Dorothea, Wade's wife.
Rhona Mitra as Tabatha Wadmore-Smith, one of Melanie's best friends from New York.
Susannah Halling as the official leader of the Redneck Dancing Association.
Nathan Lee Graham as Frederick Montana, Melanie’s friend and mentor from New York. He is a fashion designer and friendly competitor.
Kevin Sussman as Barry Lowenstein, assistant to Mayor Kate Hennings.
Sean Bridgers as Eldon

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Although centered in a fictional version of the town of Pigeon Creek, near a fictional version of Greenville, Alabama, the film was mostly shot in Georgia. The Carmichael Plantation, which Melanie tells the reporter is her childhood home, is the Oak Hill Berry Museum, a historic landmark in Georgia which is on the campus of Berry College in Rome, Georgia.

text: The streets and storefronts of Crawfordville, Georgia were used as the backdrop for the Catfish Festival and other downtown scenes. The coonhound cemetery was on Moore Street in Crawfordville, and the bar was located at Heavy's Barbecue near the town. Glass that forms when lightning hits sand, as in the film, is called fulgurite.

text: Jake's glassblowing shop was filmed at an old mill, named Starr's Mill, in Fayette County, Georgia. Wynn's Pond in Sharpsburg, Georgia is the location where Jake lands his plane. The historic homes shown at  Melanie's return to Pigeon Creek were shot in Eufaula, Alabama.

text: The film title and theme song lyrics are from the "Sweet Home Alabama" song by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, that first appeared in 1974 on their second album, Second Helping.[2]

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: This film received mostly mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, 38% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 157 reviews.[3]

text: Roger Ebert, critic for the Chicago Sun Times, awarded it three-out-of-four stars, commenting, "It is a fantasy, a sweet, light-hearted fairy tale with Reese Witherspoon at its center. She is as lovable as Doris Day would have been in this role... So I enjoyed Witherspoon and the local color, but I am so very tired of the underlying premise."[4]

text: Andrew Sarris, critic for the New York Observer, said that the movie "Would be an unendurable viewing experience for this ultra-provincial New Yorker if 26-year-old Reese Witherspoon were not on hand to inject her pure fantasy character, Melanie Carmichael, with a massive infusion of old-fashioned Hollywood magic."[5]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text: The film grossed over US$35 million in its first weekend. By the end of its run in the United States, Sweet Home Alabama grossed over US$130 million, and another US$53,399,006 internationally. With a reported budget of US$30 million, it was a box office hit, despite the mixed reviews.[1]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The film won the following awards:

text:
2003 BMI Film Music Award — George Fenton
2003 Teen Choice Award for Choice Comedy Movie
2003 Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Liplock — Reese Witherspoon; Josh Lucas
2003 Teen Choice Award for Choice Comedy Movie Actress — Reese Witherspoon (Nominated)
2003 Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Villain — Candice Bergen (Nominated)
2003 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release (Nominated)
2003 Golden Trailer Award for Best Romance (Nominated)
2003 Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Award for Best Contemporary Hair Styling – Feature — Anne Morgan (Nominated)
2003 MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance — Reese Witherspoon (Nominated)

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Sweet Home Alabama (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack), the film soundtrack, includes thirteen songs by different artists.[6]

text: No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Sweet Home Alabama"Gary Rossington, Ronnie Van Zant, Edward King3:432."Mine All Mine"Kristyn Osborn, Hollie Poole3:553."Falling Down"Avril Lavigne, David Alspach, Lauren Christy, Graham Edwards3:544."Gonna Make You Love Me"Ryan Adams2:365."To Think I Used to Love You (DJ Homicide Remix)"Uncle Kracker3:266."Keep Your Hands to Yourself"Daniel J. Baird3:067."Bring On the Day"Amy Powers, Jeffrey C.J. Vanston4:338."Long Gone Lonesome Blues"Hank Williams2:559."You Got Me"Jason Chain3:4410."Now That I Know"Eric Bazilian, Shannon McNally4:4411."Marry Me"Dolly Parton3:1512."Weekend Song"Matt Cantor, Pete Chill, Aston Harvey, Tenor Fly3:5813."Felony Melanie - Sweet Home Alabama Suite (Score)" 5:02


document_title: List of Boston Red Sox Hall of Famers

question_text: list of red sox players in the hall of fame

text: List of Boston Red Sox Hall of Famers

text: Players[edit]

text: Position players[edit]

text:
Player

Position

Years active

AVG

H

HR

RBI

Year Inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame

Jimmy Collins

Third Base

1895- 1908

.285

1999

65

983

1945

Wade Boggs

Third baseman

1982–1999

.328

3010

118

1014

2005

Ted Williams

Left Field

1938–1942, 1946, 1960

.355

2654

521

1839

1966

text: Pitchers[edit]

text:
Player

Position

Years active

Wins

Losses

ERA

IP

K

text: Non-Players[edit]

text:
Manager

Wins

Losses

Win %

Years as manager


document_title: Point Break

question_text: where was the final scene of point break filmed

text: Point Break

text: Plot[edit]

text: Former Ohio State Buckeyes quarterback and rookie FBI Agent Johnny Utah is assigned to assist experienced agent and veteran Angelo Pappas in investigating a string of bank robberies by the "Ex-Presidents", a gang of robbers who wear face-masks depicting former US presidents Ronald Reagan, Richard Nixon, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Jimmy Carter to disguise their true identities. They raid only the cash drawers in the banks that they rob—never going for the vault—and are out within 90 seconds.

text: Pursuing Pappas's theory that the criminals are surfers, Utah goes undercover to infiltrate the surfing community. He persuades orphaned surfer Tyler Endicott to teach him to surf after she saved him from drowning during his first attempt at surfing. Through her, he meets Bodhi, the charismatic leader of a gang of surfers consisting of Roach, Grommet, and Nathaniel. The group are initially wary of Utah, but accept him when Bodhi recognizes him as the former college football star. As he masters the art of surfing, Utah finds himself increasingly drawn to the surfers' adrenaline-charged lifestyle, Bodhi's philosophies, and Tyler. Following a clue retrieved by analyzing toxins found in the hair of one of the bank robbers, Utah and Pappas lead an FBI raid on another gang of surfers. Despite their criminal records, these surfers turn out to not be the Ex-Presidents and the raid inadvertently ruins a DEA undercover operation.

text: Watching Bodhi's group surfing, Utah begins to suspect that they are the "Ex-Presidents," noting how close a group they are and the way one of them moons everyone in the same manner one of the robbers does when leaving a bank. Utah and Pappas stake out a bank and the Ex-Presidents appear. While wearing a Reagan mask, Bodhi leads Utah on a foot chase through the neighborhood, which ends when Utah causes an old knee injury to flare up again after jumping into an aqueduct. Despite having a clear shot at Bodhi, Utah does not shoot and Bodhi escapes.

text: At a campfire that night, it is confirmed that Bodhi and his gang are the Ex-Presidents. Shortly afterwards, Bodhi aggressively recruits Utah into going skydiving with the group and he accepts. After the jump, Bodhi reveals that he knows Utah is an FBI agent and has arranged for his friend Rosie, a non-surfing thug, to hold Tyler hostage. Utah is thus blackmailed into participating in the Ex-Presidents last bank robbery of the summer. As a result, Grommet, along with an off-duty police officer and a bank guard—who both attempt to foil the robbery—are killed. Outraged by Grommet's death, Bodhi knocks Utah out and leaves the scene.

text: Defying their senior officer who arrests Utah for armed robbery, Pappas and Utah head to the airport where Bodhi, Roach, and Nathaniel are about to leave for Mexico. During a shootout, Pappas and Nathaniel are killed, whereas Roach is seriously wounded. With Roach aboard, Bodhi forces Utah onto the plane at gunpoint. Once airborne and over their intended drop zone, Bodhi and Roach put on their parachutes and jump from the plane, leaving Utah to take the blame again. With no other parachutes available, Utah jumps from the plane with Bodhi's gun and intercepts him. After landing safely, Utah's knee gives out again, allowing Bodhi to escape Utah's grasp. Bodhi meets with Rosie and releases Tyler, who reunites with Utah. Roach dies of his wounds, and Bodhi and Rosie leave with the money.

text: Nine months later, Utah tracks Bodhi at Bells Beach in Victoria, Australia, where a record storm is producing lethal waves. This is an event Bodhi had talked about experiencing, calling it the "50-Year Storm." Utah attempts to bring Bodhi into custody, but Bodhi refuses. During a brawl in the surf, Utah manages to handcuff himself to Bodhi, who begs Utah to release him so he can ride the once-in-a-lifetime wave. Knowing Bodhi will not come back alive, Utah releases him, bids him farewell, and sees him step towards the wave. While the authorities watch Bodhi surf to his death, Utah walks away, throwing his FBI badge into the ocean.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Patrick Swayze as Bodhi
Keanu Reeves as FBI Agent Johnny Utah
Gary Busey as FBI Agent Angelo Pappas
Lori Petty as Tyler Endicott
John C. McGinley as FBI Director Ben Harp
James LeGros as Roach
John Philbin as Nathaniel
Lee Tergesen as Rosie
Bojesse Christopher as Grommet
Julian Reyes as FBI Agent Alvarez
Daniel Beer as FBI Agent Babbit
Vincent Klyn as Warchild
Chris Pedersen as Bunker Weiss
Dave Olson as Archbold
Anthony Kiedis as Tone
Christopher Pettiet as 15
Sydney Walsh as Miss Deer
Peter Phelps as Australian surfer
Galyn Gorg as Margarita
Tom Sizemore as DEA Agent Deets (uncredited)

text: Production[edit]

text: Originally, Matthew Broderick, Johnny Depp, Val Kilmer and Charlie Sheen were all considered to star in Point Break playing the character Johnny Utah with Ridley Scott directing.[5][6]

text: After acquiring the screenplay, the producers of Point Break began looking for a director. At the time, executive producer James Cameron was married to director Kathryn Bigelow, who had just completed Blue Steel and was looking for her next project.[5]

text: Point Break was originally called Johnny Utah when Keanu Reeves was cast in the title role.[5] The studio felt that this title said very little about surfing and by the time Patrick Swayze was cast, the film had been renamed Riders on the Storm after the famous rock song by The Doors. However, Jim Morrison's lyrics had nothing to do with the film and so that title was also rejected. It was not until halfway through filming that Point Break became the film's title because of its relevance to surfing.[5] Reeves and Swayze had appeared together once before, in the 1986 film Youngblood.

text: Reeves liked the name of his character as it reminded him of star athletes like Johnny Unitas and Joe Montana.[7] He described his character as a "total control freak and the ocean beats him up and challenges him. After a while everything becomes a game...He becomes as amoral as any criminal. He loses the difference between right and wrong."[5] Swayze felt that Bodhi was a lot like him and that they both shared "that wild-man edge."[5]

text: Two months before filming, Lori Petty, Reeves and Swayze trained with former world class professional surfer Dennis Jarvis on the Hawaiian island of Kauai.[5] Jarvis remembers, "Patrick said he'd been on a board a couple of times, Keanu definitely had not surfed before, and Lori had never been in the ocean in her life."[8] Shooting the surfing sequences proved to be challenging for both actors with Swayze cracking four of his ribs. For many of the surfing scenes he refused to use a stunt double as he never had one for fight scenes or car chases. He also did the skydiving scenes himself and the film's aerial jump instructor Jim Wallace found that the actor was a natural and took to it right away.[5] The actor ended up making 55 jumps for the film.[9] Swayze actually based aspects of his character after one of his stunt doubles, Darrick Doerner, a top big wave surfer.[10] After learning to surf for the film, Reeves took a liking to it and took it up as a hobby.[11]

text: Parts of the film were shot at Lake Powell in Utah as well as Ecola State Park and Wheeler, Oregon, and Malibu, Manhattan Beach, Santa Monica, Venice, and Fox Hills Mall in California.[12] Although the final scene of the film is set at Bells Beach, Victoria, Australia, the scene was not filmed there. Bells Beach is a straight stretch and the beach in the film is a cove with spruce trees atop a hill. The actual location of the film was a beach called Indian Beach, in Ecola State Park, located in Cannon Beach, Oregon, USA.[citation needed]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Ratt – "Nobody Rides for Free"
Concrete Blonde – "I Want You"
The Jimi Hendrix Experience – "If 6 Was 9"
School of Fish – "Rose Colored Glasses"
Public Image Ltd. – "Criminal"
Shark Island – "My City"
Love – "7 and 7 Is"
Loudhouse – "Smoke on the Water"
Westworld – "So Long Cowboy"
Little Caesar – "Down to the Wire"
L.A. Guns – "Over the Edge"
Liquid Jesus– "7 and 7 Is"
Wire Train – "I Will Not Fall"
Ice-T – "Original Gangster"
Mark Isham – "Foot Chase"
Sheryl Crow – "Hundreds of Tears"

text: On February 7, 2008, a score release for Point Break was released by La-La Land Records, featuring composer Mark Isham's score. This edition was limited to 2,000 units and features 65 minutes of score with liner notes by Dan Goldwasser that incorporate comments from both Bigelow and Isham. It is now out of print.[13]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Point Break was released on July 12, 1991 in 1,615 theaters, grossing $8.5 million on its opening weekend, behind Terminator 2: Judgment Day's (directed by Bigelow's then husband, James Cameron) second weekend and the openings of the re-issue of 101 Dalmatians and Boyz n the Hood. With a budget of $24 million, the film went on to make $43.2 million in North America and $40.3 million internationally for a worldwide total of $83.5 million.[2]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 68% rating based on 57 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10.[14] Metacritic reports a 58 out of 100 rating based on 20 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[15] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[16]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote "Bigelow is an interesting director for this material. She is interested in the ways her characters live dangerously for philosophical reasons. They aren't men of action, but men of thought who choose action as a way of expressing their beliefs."[17] In her review for The New York Times, Janet Maslin praised Reeves' performance: "A lot of the snap comes, surprisingly, from Mr. Reeves, who displays considerable discipline and range. He moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles."[18] Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "C+" rating and Owen Gleiberman wrote "Point Break makes those of us who don't spend our lives searching for the ultimate physical rush feel like second-class citizens. The film turns reckless athletic valor into a new form of aristocracy."[19]

text: In his review for The Washington Post, Hal Hinson wrote "A lot of what Bigelow puts up on the screen bypasses the brain altogether, plugging directly into our viscera, our gut. The surfing scenes in particular are majestically powerful, even awe-inspiring. Bigelow's picture is a feast for the eyes, but we watch movies with more than our eyes. She seduces us, then asks us to be bimbos."[20] Rolling Stone magazine's Peter Travers wrote, "Bigelow can't keep the film from drowning in a sea of surf-speak. But without her, Point Break would be no more than an excuse to ogle pretty boys in wet suits."[21]

text: USA Today gave the film two out of four stars and Mike Clark wrote "Its purely visceral material (surf sounds, skydiving stunt work, a tough indoor shootout midway through) are first-rate. As for the tangibles that matter even more (script, acting, directorial control, credible relationships between characters), Break defies belief. Dramatically, it rivals the lowest surf yet this year."[22] Time magazine's Richard Corliss wrote, "So how do you rate a stunningly made film whose plot buys so blithely into macho mysticism that it threatens to turn into an endless bummer? Looks 10, Brains 3."[23]

text: Some critics argue that the 2001 film The Fast and the Furious is a copy of Point Break, swapping surfing for illegal street car racing.[24]

text: In 2006, a special edition was released on DVD (In DVD was released in May 22,2001). Entertainment Weekly gave it a "B" rating and wrote, "The making-of docs (at their best discussing Swayze's extracurricular skydiving—that really is him doing the Adios, amigo fall) will leave you hanging."[25] It was first released on Blu-ray as a special "Pure Adrenaline Edition" on July 1, 2008, but that was later discontinued. Point Break was re-released on Blu-ray by Warner Home Video on June 14, 2011.

text: Accolades[edit]

text: At the 1992 MTV Movie Awards, Point Break was nominated for three awards including "Most Desirable Male" (Keanu Reeves), "Most Desirable Male" (Patrick Swayze), and "Best Action Sequence" for the second jump from the plane. In it, Utah jumps out of a plane without a parachute to catch Bodhi and rescue Tyler. Utah catches up with Bodhi and holds a gun to his head. However, Bodhi refuses to pull the rip cord and Utah must decide between dropping his gun (so he can hold on and pull the rip cord) or letting the two fall to the ground. The film ultimately won "Most Desirable Male" for Keanu Reeves.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Point Break was listed in the VH1 series I Love the 90s on the episode "1991". Many celebrities, including Dominic Monaghan, Mo Rocca, Michael Ian Black, Hal Sparks, and Chris Pontius commented about the film and why it deserved to be included in the episode. Entertainment Weekly ranked Point Break as having one of the "10 Best Surfing Scenes" in cinema.[26]

text: The film inspired a piece of cult theater, Point Break Live!, in which the role of Johnny Utah is played by an audience member chosen by popular acclamation after a brief audition. The new "Keanu" reads all of his (or her) lines from cue-cards for the duration of the show, "to capture the rawness of a Keanu Reeves performance even from those who generally think themselves incapable of acting."[27]

text: Point Break was referenced in Hot Fuzz, where the scene of Utah emptying his magazine into the sky in frustration is watched by the lead characters and later re-enacted by Nick Frost's character.[28][29]

text: The scene in which Utah jumps after Bodhi without a parachute was ranked seventh in Empire magazine's Top 10 Crazy Action Sequences. The scene was also tested by the Discovery Channel series MythBusters. It was determined that Utah and Bodhi would not have been able to free-fall for 90 seconds (as in the film), nor would they have been able to hold a conversation in mid-air. However, it was determined that, by streamlining his body, Utah could have conceivably caught up with Bodhi after jumping from the plane.[30]

text: Remake[edit]

text: Alcon Entertainment and Warner Bros. released a remake of the film in 2015 entitled Point Break, which received mostly negative reviews.


document_title: Beyond the Pale

question_text: what does beyond the pale mean in ireland

text: Beyond the Pale

text: Look up beyond the pale in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

text: Beyond the Pale may refer to:

text: The Pale, a demarcation line in Ireland while under English dominion; a usage associated with the phrase "beyond the pale", meaning unacceptable behaviour.

text: In radio:

text: Beyond the Pale, a radio program about Jewish culture and politics

text: In cinema:

text:
Beyond the Pale, a 1999 award-winning drama written by Patrick Clarke and George Bazala
Zeitgeist: Beyond the Pale, the upcoming fourth installment in Peter Joseph's Zeitgeist film series.

text: In music and comedy:

text:
Beyond the Pale (band), a Canadian klezmer and folk music band
Beyond the Pale (Fiona album)
Beyond the Pale (Jim Gaffigan album), a comedy album
Beyond the Pale, an album by The Dark Poets, with Gary Lucas.
Beyond the Pale, an album by X-Fusion
"Beyond the Pale", a song by Kerry Livgren/AD from their 1984 album "Time Line"
"Beyond the Pale", a song by Big Audio Dynamite from No. 10, Upping St.
"Beyond the Pale", a song by Pain of Salvation from Remedy Lane
"Beyond the Pale", a song by Exodus from their 2010 album "Exhibit B: The Human Condition"
"Beyond the Pale", a song by The Mission (band) from their 1988 album Children
"Beyond the Pale", a song by Mudvayne from their eponymous album

text: In literature:

text:
Beyond the Pale, a novel in the Last Rune series by Mark Anthony
Beyond the Pale Publications, a company in Northern Ireland
"Beyond the Pale" (Kipling story), a short story by Rudyard Kipling, collected in Plain Tales from the Hills
Beyond the Pale, a novel by Elana Dykewomon

text: A song by Procol Harum

text:
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Beyond the Pale.
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text: Disambiguation pages

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