document_title: Constant term

question_text: what does the constant term in the numerator represent

root

text: Constant term

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: In mathematics, a constant term is a term in an algebraic expression that has a value that is constant or cannot change, because it does not contain any modifiable variables. For example, in the quadratic polynomial

tag: p

text: the 3 is a constant term.

text: After like terms are combined, an algebraic expression will have at most one constant term. Thus, it is common to speak of the quadratic polynomial

text: where x is the variable, and has a constant term of c. If c = 0, then the constant term will not actually appear when the quadratic is written.

text:
It is notable that a term that is constant, with a constant as a multiplicative coefficient added to it (although this expression could be more simply written as their product), still constitutes a constant term as a variable is still not present in the new term. Although the expression is modified, the term (and coefficient) itself classifies as constant. However, should this introduced coefficient contain a variable, while the original number has a constant meaning, this has no bearing if the new term stays constant as the introduced coefficient will always override the constant expression - for example, in

(
x
+
1
)
(
x
−
2
)

{\displaystyle (x+1)(x-2)}

 when x is multiplied by 2, the result, 2x, is not constant; while 1 * -2 is -2 and still a constant.

text: Any polynomial written in standard form has a unique constant term, which can be considered a coefficient of x0. In particular, the constant term will always be the lowest degree term of the polynomial. This also applies to multivariate polynomials. For example, the polynomial

text: has a constant term of −4, which can be considered to be the coefficient of x0y0, where the variables are eliminated by being exponentiated to 0 (any number exponentiated to 0 becomes 1). For any polynomial, the constant term can be obtained by substituting in 0 instead of each variable; thus, eliminating each variable. The concept of exponentiation to 0 can be extended to power series and other types of series, for example in this power series:

text:
a0 is the constant term. In general a constant term is one that does not involve any variables at all. However in expressions that involve terms with other types of factors than constants and powers of variables, the notion of constant term cannot be used in this sense, since that would lead to calling "4" the constant term of

(
x
−
3

)

2

+
4

{\displaystyle (x-3)^{2}+4}

, whereas substituting 0 for x in this polynomial makes it evaluate to 13.


document_title: Zac Efron

question_text: who did zac efron play in high school musical

text: Zac Efron

text: Early life

text: Efron was born in San Luis Obispo, California,[3] and later moved to Arroyo Grande, California. His father, David Efron, is an electrical engineer at a power station, and his mother, Starla Baskett, is a secretary who worked at the same power plant.[4][5] Efron has a brother, Dylan,[2] and had, as he has described, a "normal childhood" in a middle-class family.[6] His surname, "Efron" (אפרון), is an Ashkenazi Jewish surname, taken from a Biblical place name.[7][8] Zac has described himself as Jewish;[9] though he was raised in an agnostic household and did not practice religion as a child.[10]

text: Efron has said that he would "flip out" if he got a "B" and not an "A" in school, as well as that he was a class clown.[11] His father encouraged him to begin acting when Zac was eleven years old.[4] Efron subsequently appeared in theater productions at his high school,[12] worked in the theater The Great American Melodrama and Vaudeville,[6] and began taking singing lessons.[4] He performed in shows such as Gypsy; Peter Pan; or, The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up; Little Shop of Horrors; and The Music Man. He was recommended to an agent in Los Angeles by his drama teacher, Robyn Metchik (the mother of actors Aaron Michael Metchik and Asher Metchik).[13][14] Efron was later signed to the Creative Artists Agency.[15]

text: Efron graduated from Arroyo Grande High School in 2006[16] and was then accepted into the University of Southern California, but has deferred his enrollment to work on film projects. He also attended Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts, a community college located in Santa Maria, California, which provided him with the opportunity to perform as a "young player" during the years of 2000 and 2001.[17]

text: Career

text: 2002–2006: Early career

text: Efron began acting in the early 2000s with guest roles on several television series including Firefly, ER, and The Guardian. In 2004, he began appearing as a recurring character in the first season of the WB series Summerland. For the show’s second season, which aired in 2005, he was promoted to the main cast. He also appeared in some films, including the Lifetime television film Miracle Run (2004), for which he earned a Young Artist Award nomination for his performance as one of two autistic twins.

text: 2006–2009: High School Musical and breakthrough

text: Efron’s career reached a turning point with the teen musical television film High School Musical (2006), which premiered on the Disney Channel in January 2006. The film, which has been described as a modern adaptation of Romeo and Juliet, saw Efron playing the male lead Troy Bolton, a high school basketball player who feels conflicted when he finds himself interested in participating in the school musical with Gabriella Montez (Vanessa Hudgens), a girl from the scholastic decathlon team. The film, which also starred Ashley Tisdale, Lucas Grabeel, Corbin Bleu, and Monique Coleman in pivotal roles, became a major success and helped Efron gain recognition among teenage audiences. The film’s soundtrack was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA,[18] making it one of the best-selling albums of the year in the United States. Efron’s singing talents were disputed when it was revealed that his voice had been blended with Drew Seeley’s on the soundtrack, but Efron clarified that the songs (written for a tenor) were written before he was cast and therefore did not suit his more baritone vocal range. In his subsequent musical films, Efron did his own singing.

text: Efron was next seen playing the role of Link Larkin in the musical comedy film Hairspray (2007), based on the 2002 Broadway musical of the same name. The film became a major commercial and critical success upon its release in July 2007. Later that year, he was seen reprising his role of Troy Bolton in High School Musical 2 (2007), which aired on the Disney Channel in August 2007.

text: Efron reprised his role of Troy Bolton in High School Musical 3: Senior Year (2008), the first film in the High School Musical franchise to receive a theatrical release. The film became a major blockbuster at the box office, and received mixed to positive reviews from critics. He followed this with the commercially successful comedy 17 Again (2009) about a 37-year-old man (Matthew Perry) who is transformed into his 17-year-old self (Efron) after a chance accident.

text: 2009–2014: Other work

text: Efron’s next release was Richard Linklater’s period drama Me and Orson Welles, which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2008 and received a wide release in late 2009. The film earned mostly positive reviews from critics. He next played the title role in the supernatural romantic drama Charlie St. Cloud (2010), which became a moderate success at the box office despite receiving mostly negative reviews from critics.

text: Efron next appeared as a part of the large ensemble cast in Garry Marshall’s New Year's Eve (2011), which depicted a series of holiday vignettes of different groups of characters. The film received almost unanimously negative reviews from critics, but became a major success at the box office. He also played a supporting role in the critically successful Liberal Arts (2012), which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2012 and received a limited release later that year. He also starred alongside Nicole Kidman, Matthew McConaughey, David Oyelowo, and John Cusack in The Paperboy (2012), which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2012 and received a wider release later that year. The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics.

text: After lending his voice to the commercially successful computer-animated film The Lorax (2012), he appeared as the male lead in the romantic drama The Lucky One (2012), based on the novel of the same name by Nicholas Sparks. The film became a major box office success despite negative reviews from critics. He also starred in the drama At Any Price, which premiered at the 2012 Venice International Film Festival, and the historical drama Parkland, which premiered at the 2013 Venice International Film Festival. Both of the films received mixed reviews from critics.

text: Efron’s first release of 2014 was the romantic comedy That Awkward Moment, on which he was also an executive producer. The film, which starred Efron alongside Miles Teller and Michael B. Jordan as three bachelors in New York City, became a moderate commercial success despite receiving mostly negative reviews from critics.

text: 2014–present: Major commercial success

text: Later in 2014, Efron was seen in the adult comedy Neighbors (2014), co-starring Seth Rogen. The film revolved around a young couple, played by Rogen and Rose Byrne, who struggle to raise their baby daughter while living next to the house of a wild fraternity led by its president, played by Efron. The film became a major commercial success and earned mostly positive reviews from critics, who also added that Efron had successfully shed his “Disney kid” pretty boy image.[19]

text: Efron’s only release in 2015 was the moderately successful We Are Your Friends (2015), in which he played a struggling DJ. In January 2016, he starred alongside Robert De Niro in the adult comedy Dirty Grandpa, about a straitlaced young man who begrudgingly indulges his grandfather’s unhinged personality by taking him on a vacation to Florida. The film received mostly negative reviews from critics for its crude humor, but became a commercial success upon its release. He subsequently co-starred with Seth Rogen, Rose Byrne, and Chloë Grace Moretz in the comedy sequel Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising, which became a commercial and critical success upon its release in May 2016. The film followed the same couple (Rogen and Byrne) who team up with their former rival (Efron) to take down a hard-partying sorority led by a freshman (Moretz). His third 2016 comedy, released in July, was Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates, in which he co-starred with Adam DeVine (playing siblings), as well as Anna Kendrick and Aubrey Plaza.

text: In 2017, Efron starred in Baywatch, an action comedy film version of the television series of the same name, released in May. The film features Dwayne Johnson and Efron with an ensemble cast, including Alexandra Daddario, Kelly Rohrbach, Jon Bass, Ilfenesh Hadera, and Priyanka Chopra. Also in 2017, Efron had a supporting role in two biographical films released in December, The Disaster Artist, a comedy-drama directed by and starring James Franco, and, as Phillip, in the musical The Greatest Showman, opposite Hugh Jackman. Both were nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.[20][21]

text: Upcoming projects

text: In May 2017, it was announced that Efron will play serial killer Ted Bundy in Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile, opposite Lily Collins as Bundy's girlfriend.[22] In the same year, he was cast in a co-starring role in the Harmony Korine film The Beach Bum.[23]

text: Personal life

text: Efron was on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list in 2008 as number 92, with estimated earnings of $5.8 million from June 2007 to June 2008. In April 2009, his personal wealth equaled about $10 million.[24] In May 2015, Efron's net worth was $18 million.[25]

text: People magazine said in 2007 that Efron and Vanessa Hudgens began dating in 2005 during the filming of High School Musical,[26][27][28] although Us magazine said, after the two broke up in December 2010, that they "met in 2005 while making the first High School Musical flick, and became a romantic item about two years later."[29] Efron began a romantic relationship with model and entrepreneur Sami Miró in September 2014. The couple split in April 2016.[30][31]

text: Efron sought treatment in early 2013 after struggling with alcoholism and substance abuse. He has been sober since June 2013.[1] In November 2013, Efron had to have his jaw wired shut after breaking it in a fall at home.[32] In March 2014, Efron engaged in a fight with a homeless man in Skid Row. Law enforcement officials did not make any arrests because they viewed it as mutual combat.[33]

text: Filmography

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2003
Melinda's World
Stuart Wasser

Big Wide World of Carl Laemke, TheThe Big Wide World of Carl Laemke
Pete Laemke

2004
Miracle Run
Steven Morgan

[show]
1 award (1 nomination)
Nominated—Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries or Special – Supporting Young Actor

Triple Play
Harry Fuller

2005
Derby Stallion, TheThe Derby Stallion
Patrick McCardle

2006
If You Lived Here, You'd be Home Now
Cody

High School Musical
Troy Bolton

[show]
4 awards (3 winnings; 1 nomination)
Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Award for Best TV Actor
Teen Choice Award for Choice TV: Breakout Star
Teen Choice Award for Choice TV: Chemistry (shared with Vanessa Hudgens)
Nominated—Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries or Special (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actor

2007
Hairspray
Link Larkin

[show]
14 awards (8 winnings; 6 nominations)
Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast (shared with Hairspray Cast)
Hollywood Film Award for Ensemble of the Year (shared with Hairspray Cast)
MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance
Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Award for Fave Movie Star
Palm Springs International Film Festival for Ensemble Cast (shared with Hairspray Cast)
People's Choice Award for Favorite Song from a Soundtrack (shared with Hairspray Cast)
Teen Choice Award for Choice Other: Hottie – Male
Young Hollywood Award for One to Watch
Nominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Song (shared with Queen Latifah, Nikki Blonsky & Elijah Kelley)
Nominated—Empire Award for Best Soundtrack (shared with Hairspray Cast)
Nominated—Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media (shared with Hairspray Cast)
Nominated—People's Choice Award for Favorite Star Under 35
Nominated—Satellite Award for Best Original Song (shared with Queen Latifah, Nikki Blonsky & Elijah Kelley)
Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture (shared with Hairspray Cast)

High School Musical 2
Troy Bolton

[show]
7 awards (4 winnings; 3 nominations)
Bravo Otto for TV Star – Male
CMA Wild and Young Award for Best Single International (shared with Vanessa Hudgens)
Family Television Award for Best Actor
Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Award for Fave Movie Star
Nominated—ASTRA Award for Favourite International Personality or Actor
Nominated—People's Choice Award for Favorite Star Under 35
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Other: Male Hottie

2008
High School Musical 3: Senior Year
Troy Bolton

[show]
9 awards (6 winnings; 3 nominations)
CMA Wild and Young Award for Best Actor International
CMA Wild and Young Award for Most Popular Celebrity International
MTV Movie Award for Best Male Performance
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Fave Movie Star
ShoWest Award for Breakthrough Performer of the Year
Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Actor Music/Dance
Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss (shared with Vanessa Hudgens)
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Liplock (shared with Vanessa Hudgens)
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Music: Album – Soundtrack (shared with High School Musical 3: Senior Year Cast)

2009
17 Again
Mike O'Donnell (teen)

[show]
6 awards (3 winnings; 3 nominations)
Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Award for Fave Movie Star
Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Actor – Comedy
Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Rockstar Moment
Nominated—CMA Wild and Young Award for Best Actor International
Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Male Performance
Nominated—Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor

Me and Orson Welles
Richard Samuels

2010
Charlie St. Cloud
Charlie St. Cloud

[show]
7 awards (1 winning; 6 nominations)
People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Star Under 25
Nominated—CMA Wild and Young Award for Best Actor International
Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Male Performance
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Other: Male Hottie
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Other: Smile
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer: Movie Actor
Nominated—Teen Icon Award for Iconic Actor

2011
New Year's Eve
Paul

[show]
1 award (1 nomination)
Nominated—Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Ensemble (shared with New Year's Eve Cast)

2012
Liberal Arts
Nat

Lorax, TheThe Lorax
Ted Wiggins (voice)

[show]
1 award (1 nomination)
Voice role
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Voice[34]

Lucky One, TheThe Lucky One
Logan Thibault

[show]
5 awards (3 winnings; 2 nominations)
People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie Actor
Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor: Drama
Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor: Romance[34]
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Liplock (shared with Taylor Schilling)[34]

Paperboy, TheThe Paperboy
Jack Jansen

[show]
2 awards (1 winning; 1 nomination)
People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie Actor
Nominated—Village Voice Film Award for Best Supporting Actor

At Any Price
Dean Whipple

2013
Parkland
Dr. Charles James "Jim" Carrico

2014
That Awkward Moment
Jason Flynn

[show]
6 awards (1 winning; 5 nominations)
Also executive producer
MTV Movie Award for Best Shirtless Performance
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Fashion: Male Hottie
Nominated—Young Hollywood Award for Best Threesome (shared with Miles Teller & Michael B. Jordan))

Neighbors
Teddy Sanders

[show]
10 awards (2 winnings; 8 nominations)
MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo w/ Dave Franco
MTV Movie Award for Best Shirtless Performance
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Fashion: Male Hottie
Nominated—Young Hollywood Award for Best Cast Chemistry – Film (shared with Neighbors Cast)
Nominated—Young Hollywood Award for Best Threesome (shared with Dave Franco & Christopher Mintz-Plasse)
Nominated—People's Choice Award for Favorite Comedic Movie Actor
Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Fight (Seth Rogan vs Zac Efron)
Nominated—Best Musical Moment (Seth Rogan & Zac Efron)

2015
We Are Your Friends
Cole Carter

2016
Dirty Grandpa
Jason Kelly

Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising
Theodore "Teddy" Sanders

[show]
3 awards (1 winning; 2 nominations)
Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor: Comedy
Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Hissy Fit
Nominated—People's Choice Award for Favorite Comedic Movie Actor

Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates
Dave Stangle

2017
The Disaster Artist
Dan Janjigian

Baywatch
Matt Brody

[show]
3 awards (1 winning; 2 nomination)
Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor - Comedy
Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Ship (shared with Dwayne Johnson)
Nominated—Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor

The Greatest Showman
Phillip Carlyle

2018
The Beach Bum
Flicker
Post-production

Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile
Ted Bundy
Post-production

text:
Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes

2002
Firefly
Young Simon Tam
Episode: "Safe"

2003
Guardian, TheThe Guardian
Luke Tomello
Episode: "Without Consent"

2003
ER
Bobby Neville
Episode: "Dear Abby"

2004–2005
Summerland
Cameron Bale
Lead role; 16 episodes

2005
CSI: Miami
Seth Dawson
Episode: "Sex & Taxes"

2006
NCIS
Danny
Episode: "Deception"

2006
Suite Life of Zack & Cody, TheThe Suite Life of Zack & Cody
Trevor
Episode: "Odd Couples"

2006
Heist
Pizza Delivery Guy
Episode: "Pilot"

2006
The Replacements
Davey Hunkerhoff
Episode: "Davey Hunkerhoff/Ratted Out"

2008–2014
Robot Chicken
Various
Voice role
4 episodes

2009
Saturday Night Live
Himself
2 episodes

2009
Entourage[35]
Himself
Episode: "Security Briefs"

2014
Running Wild with Bear Grylls
Himself
Single episode; Season 1 Episode 1[36]

text: Discography

text: Soundtrack albums

text:
List of albums, with selected chart positions and certifications

Title
Album details
Peak chart positions
Certifications

US
AUS
CAN
FRA
GER
IRL
JAP
NZ
KOR
UK

High School Musical (soundtrack)

Released: January 20, 2006
Label: Walt Disney Records

1
[37]
1
[38]
—
6
[39]
22
[40]
—
—
1
[41]
—
—[a]

RIAA: 4× Platinum[42]
BPI: 4× Platinum[43]
ARIA: Platinum[44]
MC: Platinum[45]
SNEP: Gold[46]
BVMI: Platinum[47]
IRMA: 4× Platinum[48]

Hairspray: Soundtrack to the Motion Picture

Released: July 10, 2007
Label: New Line Records

2
[49]
5
[50]
—
34
[51]
—
—
—
—
—
—

BPI: Gold[52]

High School Musical 2 (soundtrack)

Released: August 14, 2007
Label: Walt Disney Records

1
[53]
4
[54]
1
[55]
12
[56]
5
[57]
—
—
3
[58]
—
—[b]

RIAA: 3× Platinum[59]
BPI: 2× Platinum[60]
ARIA: Platinum[61]
BVMI: Platinum[62]

High School Musical 3: Senior Year (soundtrack)

Released: October 21, 2008
Label: Walt Disney Records

2
[63]
4
—
10
[64]
3
[65]
1
[66]
—
—
—
—[c]

RIAA: Platinum[68]
BPI: Platinum[69]
ARIA: Platinum[70]
BVMI: Platinum[71]
RMNZ: 2× Platinum[72]

The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Released: December 8, 2017
Label: Atlantic Records
Format: CD, Digital download

1
[73]
1
[74]
3
[75]
—
5
[76]
1
[77]
1
[78]
1
[79]
17
[80]
1
[81]

RIAA: Gold[82]
BPI: Platinum[83]
ARIA: Platinum[84]
MC: Gold[85]
RMNZ: Gold[86]

text: Charted Songs

text:
List of songs, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name

Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Certifications
Album

US
IRE
FRA
NZ
SPA
SWE
UK

"Ladies Choice"
2007
—
—
—
—
—
—
96
[87]

Hairspray: Soundtrack to the Motion Picture

"Can I Have This Dance"
(with Vanessa Hudgens)
2008
—
—
—
—
—
—
81
[88]

High School Musical 3: Senior Year (soundtrack)

"The Greatest Show"
(with Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zendaya and The Greatest Showman Ensemble)
2017
88
34
109
—[d]
—
—
20

BPI: Silver[90]

The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

"Rewrite the Stars"
(with Zendaya)
70
21
115
32
[91]
82
90
[92]
16

BPI: Silver[90]
ARIA: Gold[93]

"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory.

text: Awards and nominations

text:
Year
Award
Category
Work
Result

2008
Teen Choice Awards
Choice Other: Red Carpet Fashion Icon – Male
Himself
Nominated

2010
Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards
Cutest Couple (shared with Vanessa Hudgens)
Won

Bravo Otto
Best TV Star – Male
Won

2017
Teen Choice Awards
Choice Comedy Movie Actor
Baywatch
Won

2018
Golden Raspberry Awards
Worst Actor
Nominated


document_title: 2017 World Series

question_text: who had home field advantage in world series 2017

text: 2017 World Series

text: Background[edit]

text: This was the first World Series matchup, and second postseason meeting overall, between the Astros and Dodgers. Los Angeles defeated Houston in the 1981 National League Division Series in five games en route to its World Series championship that year.[10] The teams also met in the 1980 National League West tie-breaker game.[11] This was the first Fall Classic since 1970, and the eighth overall, in which both participants had 100 or more wins during the regular season.[12][13]

text: The two teams did not meet in interleague play during the regular season.[14]

text: Los Angeles Dodgers[edit]

text: The Dodgers held a 91–36 record through August 25.[15][16] They won their fifth consecutive National League West title and home field advantage throughout the playoffs.[17] In the postseason, the Dodgers swept the Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Division Series and defeated the defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs in the previous year's rematch of the National League Championship Series in five games.[18] This was the first appearance in the Fall Classic for the Dodgers since 1988, the tenth since the franchise moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles in 1958, and the 19th overall.[19]

text: Entering the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers bullpen had thrown 23 consecutive scoreless innings, a postseason record for a bullpen.[20] Additionally, by outscoring the Arizona Diamondbacks and Chicago Cubs by a combined 48–19 margin, the Dodgers entered the World Series with the third-best run differential of any pennant winner since the playoff structure was expanded in 1995.[21]

text: All-Star shortstop Corey Seager, who was out for the entire National League Championship Series with a back injury, was included on the Dodgers' World Series roster.[22] Manager Dave Roberts became first manager of Asian heritage ever in the World Series, as well as the fourth African-American manager.[23]

text: Houston Astros[edit]

text: With a 101–61 regular season record, the team won its first American League West title, and their first division title since 2001.[24][b] In the American League Division Series, they defeated the Boston Red Sox in four games and then defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Championship Series (ALCS) in seven games.[25] This was their second World Series appearance and first since 2005, when they were swept in four games by the Chicago White Sox.[26] They became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League.[27]

text: The city of Houston in August 2017 suffered record flooding from Hurricane Harvey. The team began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word "Strong" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag Houston Strong.[28][29] Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city.[30]

text: On August 31, just seconds before the midnight deadline, the Astros traded for Detroit Tigers pitcher Justin Verlander.[31] Following the trade, including the regular season and postseason to this point, Verlander had posted a 9–0 win-loss record with a 1.23 earned run average.[32] He was named the ALCS MVP.[33]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Houston won the series, 4–3.

text:
Game
Date
Score
Location
Time
Attendance

1
October 24
Houston Astros – 1, Los Angeles Dodgers – 3
Dodger Stadium
2:28
54,253[34]

2
October 25
Houston Astros – 7, Los Angeles Dodgers – 6 (11)
Dodger Stadium
4:19
54,293[35]

3
October 27
Los Angeles Dodgers – 3, Houston Astros – 5
Minute Maid Park
3:46
43,282[36]

4
October 28
Los Angeles Dodgers – 6, Houston Astros – 2
Minute Maid Park
3:06
43,322[37]

5
October 29
Los Angeles Dodgers – 12, Houston Astros – 13 (10)
Minute Maid Park
5:17
43,300[38]

6
October 31
Houston Astros – 1, Los Angeles Dodgers – 3
Dodger Stadium
3:22
54,128[39]

7
November 1
Houston Astros – 5, Los Angeles Dodgers – 1
Dodger Stadium
3:37
54,124[40]

text: Pre-game ceremonies[edit]

text:
Game 1: The ceremonial first pitch was thrown out by members of former Dodger Jackie Robinson's family, including his widow Rachel.[41] The game marked the 45th anniversary of Robinson's death, and the 2017 season was the 70th anniversary of his breaking of the baseball color line.[42] Keith Williams Jr., a gospel singer, performed "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem.[43]
Game 2: Fernando Valenzuela threw out the ceremonial first pitch to Steve Yeager; both were introduced by retired Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully.[44][45] Country music's Brad Paisley performed the national anthem.[46]
Game 3: Houston Texans defensive end J. J. Watt, who had raised $37 million for Hurricane Harvey victims, threw out the first pitch. The ball was given to him by Astros' Hall of Famer Craig Biggio.[47][48] The national anthem was performed by Texas Air National Guard Master Sergeant Promise Harris.[49]
Game 4: Hailey Dawson, a seven-year-old girl from Nevada, threw out the ceremonial first pitch using a 3D printed hand.[50][51] The national anthem was performed by the Houston Police Department Quartet.[49]
Game 5: Former President of the United States George W. Bush threw out the ceremonial first pitch. His father, former President George H. W. Bush handed him the ball.[52] Justin Verlander caught the pitch. Country singer Clay Walker performed the national anthem.[49]
Game 6: Orel Hershiser and Tommy Lasorda, celebrating the Dodgers' 1988 World Series title, each threw out the ceremonial first pitch.[53] Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officer Rosalind Curry performed the national anthem.[54]
Game 7: The LAPD Quartet sang the National Anthem. The first pitch was thrown out by Sandy Koufax. Rick Monday, Steve Garvey and Don Newcombe participated as well.[55]

tag: ul

text: Game summaries[edit]

text: Game 1[edit]

text:
October 24, 2017, 5:11 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 103 °F (39 °C), clear

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0

Los Angeles
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
X
3
6
0

WP: Clayton Kershaw (1–0)   LP: Dallas Keuchel (0–1)   Sv: Kenley Jansen (1)Home runs:HOU: Alex Bregman (1)LAD: Chris Taylor (1), Justin Turner (1)Attendance: 54,253

text: The temperature at the start of the game was 103 °F (39 °C), which made this the hottest World Series game ever recorded.[56] Clayton Kershaw started Game 1 for the Dodgers, while Dallas Keuchel started for the Astros.[57]

text:
Chris Taylor hit a home run for the Dodgers on Keuchel's first pitch of the game. It was the third home run to leadoff a game in Dodgers postseason history (following Davey Lopes in 1978 World Series and Carl Crawford in 2013 NLDS).[58] Alex Bregman hit a tying home run for the Astros in the fourth inning. In the sixth inning, Justin Turner hit a go-ahead two-run home run for the Dodgers. Turner tied Duke Snider for most career runs batted in (RBIs) in Dodgers postseason history with 26.[59]
Kershaw struck out 11 in seven innings pitched with no walks and only three hits allowed while Keuchel allowed three runs on six hits in 6 2⁄3 innings. Brandon Morrow pitched a scoreless eighth and Kenley Jansen earned the save.[60]
The two-hour, 28-minute game was the shortest World Series contest since Game 4 in 1992.[61]

text: Game 2[edit]

text:
October 25, 2017, 5:17 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 93 °F (34 °C), clear

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
7
14
1

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
2
1
6
5
0

WP: Chris Devenski (1–0)   LP: Brandon McCarthy (0–1)Home runs:HOU: Marwin González (1), José Altuve (1), Carlos Correa (1), George Springer (1)LAD: Joc Pederson (1), Corey Seager (1), Yasiel Puig (1), Charlie Culberson (1)Attendance: 54,293

text: The starting pitchers for Game 2 were Rich Hill for the Dodgers and Justin Verlander for the Astros. The Astros scored first when Bregman drove in Josh Reddick with a hit in the third inning. Hill struck out seven in four innings but was replaced by Kenta Maeda in the fifth. Joc Pederson tied the game with a home run in the bottom of the fifth inning, and the Dodgers took the lead when Corey Seager hit a two-run home run in the bottom of the sixth inning. Verlander allowed two hits, both home runs, in his six innings pitched. Carlos Correa drove in the Astros' second run of the game on a single in the eighth, ending the Dodgers bullpen's streak of 28 consecutive scoreless innings in the postseason. Marwin González hit a home run off Jansen in the ninth to tie the game.[62] This was only Jansen's second blown save all season and snapped his streak of converting his first 12 postseason save opportunities, a major league record.[63]

text: The game went into extra innings. José Altuve and Correa hit home runs off Josh Fields in the tenth inning to put the Astros in the lead. In the bottom of the inning, Yasiel Puig hit a home run off of Ken Giles and Enrique Hernández drove in Logan Forsythe to tie the game, with the latter being the Dodgers' first run that was not driven in by a home run. In the next inning, George Springer hit a two-run home run for the Astros off of Brandon McCarthy to retake the lead. In the bottom of the 11th inning, Charlie Culberson homered off of Chris Devenski, who later struck out Puig to end the game. This was the first ever World Series game in which a team hit home runs in the ninth, tenth and eleventh inning. [62][64] The teams set a new record for combined home runs in a single World Series game with eight[65] and this was the first time in MLB history, regular season or postseason, that five home runs were hit in extra innings.[66] The Astros won their first World Series game in franchise history as they had been swept in their previous appearance in 2005.[67][68]

text: Game 3[edit]

text:
October 27, 2017, 7:21 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 65 °F (18 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Los Angeles
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
4
2

Houston
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
X
5
12
0

WP: Lance McCullers Jr. (1–0)   LP: Yu Darvish (0–1)   Sv: Brad Peacock (1)Home runs:LAD: NoneHOU: Yuli Gurriel (1)Attendance: 43,282

text: The starting pitchers for Game 3 were Yu Darvish for the Dodgers and Lance McCullers Jr. for the Astros. The Astros scored four runs in the bottom of the second inning on a home run by Yuli Gurriel and RBIs by González, Brian McCann, and Bregman.[69] Darvish left the game after 1 2⁄3 innings, which was the shortest outing of his career.[70] The Dodgers scored one run in the top of the third inning as Seager grounded into a double play after McCullers loaded the bases with three consecutive walks.[69][71] The Astros added another run in the fifth on an RBI single by Evan Gattis and the Dodgers added two in the sixth on an RBI groundout by Puig and a wild pitch. McCullers wound up pitching 51⁄3 innings and allowed three runs on four hits.[72][73] Brad Peacock replaced McCullers, completing the final 3 2⁄3 innings with no hits allowed and four strikeouts to earn his first major league save. It was the longest hitless World Series relief outing since Ron Taylor's four innings in Game 4 of the 1964 Series, and tied Ken Clay for the longest hitless postseason save, first accomplished in the 1978 ALCS.[74]

text: Gurriel made a racially insensitive gesture in the dugout after his home run. He stretched the sides of his eyes and mouthing the Spanish word chinito, which translates to "little Chinese Boy"; Darvish is from Japan.[75][76] Gurriel apologized, and said that anyone from Asia is called a chino in Cuba, although he acknowledged knowing that the term was offensive in Japan from having played there.[75][77] As a result, Rob Manfred, the Commissioner of Baseball, suspended Gurriel for the first five games of the 2018 MLB season without pay, but allowed him to continue playing in the World Series.[78][79]

text: Game 4[edit]

text:
October 28, 2017, 7:20 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 67 °F (19 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
6
7
0

Houston
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
2
0

WP: Tony Watson (1–0)   LP: Ken Giles (0–1)Home runs:LAD: Joc Pederson (2)HOU: George Springer (2), Alex Bregman (2)Attendance: 43,322

text:
The starting pitchers for Game 4 were Alex Wood for the Dodgers and Charlie Morton for the Astros.[80] Springer homered off Wood in the bottom of the sixth for the first run of the ballgame. It was the only hit Wood allowed in 5 2⁄3 innings pitched in the game. Forsythe drove in Cody Bellinger to tie the game in the top of the seventh. Morton struck out seven and only allowed three hits and one run in 61⁄3 innings.[81]
Bellinger then drove in the go-ahead run with a double in the top of the ninth off of Giles and the Dodgers added four more runs on a sacrifice fly by Austin Barnes and a three-run homer by Pederson. Bregman hit a home run off of Jansen in the bottom of the ninth inning, but the Dodgers won the game to even up the series. The Astros had two hits in the game; both were home runs. This was the first game in World Series history where both starting pitchers allowed four or fewer baserunners.[82]

text: After Game 4, both teams' pitching coaches, Rick Honeycutt for the Dodgers and Brent Strom for the Astros, commented on how the baseball being used for the World Series is slicker than the baseball used during the regular season. Pitchers on both teams noted that this difference has made it more difficult for them to throw their sliders.[83]

text: Game 5[edit]

text:
October 29, 2017, 7:21 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 69 °F (21 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Los Angeles
3
0
0
1
3
0
1
1
3
0
12
14
1

Houston
0
0
0
4
3
0
4
1
0
1
13
14
1

WP: Joe Musgrove (1–0)   LP: Kenley Jansen (0–1)Home runs:LAD: Cody Bellinger (1), Yasiel Puig (2)HOU: Yuli Gurriel (2), José Altuve (2), George Springer (3), Carlos Correa (2), Brian McCann (1)Attendance: 43,300

text: Kershaw and Keuchel started Game 5, in a rematch of the opening game of the series.[84] Forsythe singled in two runs off of Keuchel in the first inning to put the Dodgers up early. A third run scored on a throwing error by Gurriel. Barnes singled in the fourth to score Forsythe. Keuchel pitched 3 2⁄3 innings for the Astros, allowing five hits and four runs (three earned). The Astros scored their first run with an RBI double by Correa in the bottom of the fourth inning, followed by a three-run home run by Gurriel to tie the game. Bellinger hit a three-run home run off of Collin McHugh in the top of the fifth to put the Dodgers back on top only for Altuve to hit his own three-run home run in the bottom of the inning off Maeda to tie it back up. Kershaw pitched 42⁄3 innings and allowed six runs on four hits and three walks.

text: A triple by Bellinger on a line drive that Springer missed on a dive in the seventh inning off of Peacock scored Hernández from first base. In the bottom of the seventh inning, Springer hit a home run off the first pitch he saw off of Morrow, who was pitching for the third consecutive day, to tie the game. Bregman scored on a double by Altuve to put the Astros ahead for the first time in the game, and then Correa hit a two-run home run to extend the lead. Seager doubled in a run in the top of the eighth inning, but McCann hit a home run in the bottom of the inning. That was the 21st home run of the series, tying the record set in the 2002 World Series. Puig broke the record with a two-run home run in the top of the ninth inning. Down to their last strike, Chris Taylor drove in Barnes to tie the game with a single.[85]

text:
In the tenth inning, McCann was hit by a pitch to put him on base with two outs. Subsequently, Springer walked on five pitches to move McCann to second base. McCann was then replaced by pinch runner Derek Fisher.[86]
On the next pitch, Bregman singled in Fisher for the winning run.[87] The Astros became only the second team to come back twice from three runs down in a World Series game,[88] the other was the Toronto Blue Jays in the 15–14 win during Game 4 of the 1993 World Series. The six game tying home runs in the series to this point is the most for any World Series on record.[89] This World Series set a new record for most players to hit a home run (14 to date in the World Series).[88] With the teams combining to score 25 runs throughout the game, this was the highest scoring World Series game since the Florida Marlins defeated the Cleveland Indians 14–11 in Game 3 of the 1997 World Series.[90] Game 5 lasted five hours and seventeen minutes, making it the second longest World Series game in history by time.[91][92]

text: Game 6[edit]

text:
October 31, 2017, 5:21 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 67 °F (19 °C), overcast

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
0

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
X
3
5
0

WP: Tony Watson (2–0)   LP: Justin Verlander (0–1)   Sv: Kenley Jansen (2)Home runs:HOU: George Springer (4)LAD: Joc Pederson (3)Attendance: 54,128

text: Game 6 featured the same starting pitchers as the second game: Verlander and Hill. Springer hit a home run off of Hill in the top of the third for the first run of the night.[93] It was Springer's fourth homer of the series, tied for third all-time in a single series and joining Gene Tenace, in 1972, as the only players with four game-tying or go-ahead home runs in a World Series.[94] Springer also joined Hank Bauer in the 1958 World Series and Barry Bonds in the 2002 World Series with four home runs in a series.[95]  The Astros loaded the bases in the fifth inning, but did not score. Hill pitched 4 2⁄3 innings, struck out five and allowed four hits and one run.[93]

text: In the sixth inning, Taylor tied the game with an RBI double and Seager hit a sacrifice fly to give the Dodgers the lead.[96] Verlander pitched six innings with nine strikeouts and only three hits allowed. Pederson hit a home run in the bottom of the seventh inning and Jansen pitched two scoreless innings for the save.[97] Pederson tied a World Series record with his fifth consecutive game with an extra base hit. Andre Ethier, who appeared in the game as a pinch hitter, set a new Dodgers franchise record with his 50th career postseason game.[98]

text: Game 7[edit]

text:
November 1, 2017, 5:21 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 69 °F (21 °C), partly cloudy

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
1

WP: Charlie Morton (1–0)   LP: Yu Darvish (0–2)Home runs:HOU: George Springer (5)LAD: NoneAttendance: 54,124

text: This was the first World Series Game 7 to be played at Dodger Stadium (and the first postseason Game 7 at the stadium since the 1988 NLCS, and the Dodgers' first World Series Game 7 since 1965).[99] It was also the first time since the 1931 World Series that a Game 7 occurred in a Series with both teams having won at least 100 games during the season.[100] This was the first time since the 2001 World Series and 2002 World Series that back-to-back Fall Classics had a Game 7.[101]

text: The starting pitchers for this game were the same as in the third game: McCullers and Darvish.[102] Springer doubled to open the game and scored the first run on an error by Bellinger, which allowed Bregman to reach second base. Bregman stole third base and scored on an Altuve groundout. McCann scored the next inning on a groundout hit by the pitcher McCullers. Springer hit a two-run home run, his fifth of the series, tying Reggie Jackson and Chase Utley for most home runs in a single World Series and setting a new record with 29 total bases in any postseason series. As in Game 3, Darvish lasted only 1 2⁄3 innings (tying the shortest outing of his career) and became the third pitcher with two starts of less than two innings in a World Series, and the first since Art Ditmar in the 1960 World Series. Morrow relieved Darvish and in the process became only the second pitcher to pitch in all seven games of a single World Series, joining Darold Knowles in the 1973 World Series. McCullers lasted only 21⁄3 innings himself; he allowed three hits and hit a World Series record four batters. This was the first Game 7 in World Series history where neither starting pitcher got past the third inning.[103]

text: The Dodgers failed to score a run and left eight men on base through five innings.[104]	Ethier, pinch hitting, scored Pederson on a single in the sixth inning for the Dodgers' only run. They only had one hit in 13 chances with runners in scoring position in the game.[103] Kershaw pitched four scoreless innings of relief in the game, and in the process, he broke Orel Hershiser's Dodgers postseason record with his 33rd strikeout.[105] Morton pitched four innings of relief to earn the win, as Corey Seager grounded out to José Altuve, who threw to Yuli Gurriel to end the game, with the Astros winning their first championship in franchise history, and ending their 56-year drought.[103] Springer won the World Series MVP Award.[5]

text: After Game 7, the trophy presention, usually taking place in the locker room whenever the visiting team clinches the series, took place on the losing team's field for the first time ever before a small crowd of mostly Astros fans that remained as most Dodgers fans left the stadium. Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted.[106]

text: Composite line score[edit]

text: 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros beat Los Angeles Dodgers.

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E

Houston Astros
2
7
2
5
4
1
4
2
2
3
2
34
56
2

Los Angeles Dodgers
4
0
1
1
4
9
3
1
8
2
1
34
47
4

Home runs:HOU: George Springer (5), José Altuve (2), Alex Bregman (2), Carlos Correa (2), Yuli Gurriel (2), Marwin González (1), Brian McCann (1)LAD: Joc Pederson (3), Yasiel Puig (2), Cody Bellinger (1), Charlie Culberson (1), Corey Seager (1), Chris Taylor (1), Justin Turner (1)Total attendance: 346,702   Average attendance: 49,529Winning player's share: $438,901.57.   Losing player's share: $259,722.14.

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: Fox broadcast the series in the United States, with Joe Buck serving as the play-by-play announcer, along with John Smoltz as color commentator and Ken Rosenthal and Tom Verducci as field reporters.[107] For Fox Deportes, Rolando Nichols provided play-by-play while Carlos Álvarez and Edgar Gonzalez provided color commentary.[108]

text: Kevin Burkhardt hosted the pregame shows, joined by analysts Keith Hernandez, David Ortiz, Alex Rodriguez, and Frank Thomas.[109] Outside the United States, MLB International televised the series, with Matt Vasgersian on play-by-play and Buck Martinez doing color commentary.[110]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: According to Nielsen ratings, this series was the third highest rated since 2005, trailing only the 2009 World Series and the 2016 World Series.[111] For the second straight year, a World Series game, Game 5, beat out NBC Sunday Night Football in ratings.[112]

text:
Game

Ratings(households)

Share(households)

U.S. audience(in millions)

Ref

1

8.7
15
14.97
[113][114]

2

9.2
18
15.48
[115][116]

3

8.8
17
15.68
[117][118]

4

8.7
17
15.40
[119][120]

5

10.5
21
18.94
[121][122]

6

12.6
23
22.23
[123][124]

7

15.8
28
28.24
[125][126]

text: Radio[edit]

text: ESPN Radio broadcast the series nationally in English, with Dan Shulman providing the play-by-play and Aaron Boone serving as color analyst. Tim Kurkjian and Buster Olney served as reporters for the network, while Marc Kestecher hosted the pre-game and post-game coverage along with analyst Chris Singleton. The ESPN Radio coverage was carried on affiliated stations throughout the United States and Canada, as well as online at ESPN.com and via the ESPN mobile app. Spanish-language coverage was provided by ESPN Deportes Radio, with Eduardo Ortega, Renato Bermúdez, José Francisco Rivera, and Orlando Hernández announcing.[127]

text: Locally, both teams' flagship radio stations broadcast the series with their regular announcers. Sportstalk 790 aired the English-language broadcast for the Houston area, with Robert Ford and Steve Sparks calling the games.[110]  In Los Angeles, AM 570 LA Sports aired the English-language broadcast, with Charley Steiner and Rick Monday announcing.[110] In Spanish, Univision America 1020 carried the broadcast, with Jaime Jarrín and Jorge Jarrín on the call. In Korean, Radio Korea 1540 aired the series, with Richard Choi and Chong Ho Yim in the booth.[128]

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: For the first time, MLB sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series;[129] the internet television service YouTube TV is the first-ever presenting sponsor of the World Series. The series is officially known as the 2017 World Series Presented by YouTube TV.[3] This sponsorship includes logo branding in-stadium and on official digital properties, as well as commercial inventory during Fox's telecasts of the games.[130]

text: Impact and aftermath[edit]

text: The Astros earned $30,420,155.57 from postseason pool money to split among team personnel; each share was worth $438,901.57. The Dodgers received $20,280,103.72, with shares of $259,722.14[131] The sportsbooks in Nevada lost $11.4 million in November 2017, a record for baseball-related betting.[132]

text: The city of Houston held a parade for the Astros on November 3, 2017, which Mayor Sylvester Turner proclaimed was "Houston Astros' Day". An estimated 750,000 to one million attended the parade.[133] Springer and Altuve appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated's November 13, 2017, issue, with Altuve holding the Commissioner's Trophy and Springer holding a copy of a Sports Illustrated from 2014 that predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series.[134]


document_title: Ovulation

question_text: a surge in which hormone is responsible for ovulation

text: Ovulation

text: In humans[edit]

text: In humans, ovulation occurs about midway through the menstrual cycle, after the follicular phase. The few days surrounding ovulation (from approximately days 10 to 18 of a 28-day cycle), constitute the most fertile phase.[3][4][5][6] The time from the beginning of the last menstrual period (LMP) until ovulation is, on average, 14.6[7] days, but with substantial variation between females and between cycles in any single female, with an overall 95% prediction interval of 8.2 to 20.5[7] days.

text: The process of ovulation is controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain and through the release of hormones secreted in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).[8]       In the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, the ovarian follicle will undergo a series of transformations called  cumulus expansion, which is stimulated by FSH. After this is done, a hole called the stigma will form in the follicle, and the secondary oocyte will leave the  follicle through this hole. Ovulation is triggered by a spike in the  amount of FSH and LH released from the pituitary gland. During the luteal (post-ovulatory) phase, the secondary oocyte will travel through the fallopian tubes toward the uterus. If fertilized by a sperm, the fertilized secondary oocyte or ovum may implant there 6–12 days  later.[9]

text: Follicular phase[edit]

text: The follicular phase (or proliferative phase) is the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the ovarian follicles mature. The follicular phase lasts from the beginning of menstruation to the start of ovulation.[10][11]

text: For ovulation to be successful, the ovum must be supported by the corona radiata and cumulus oophorous granulosa cells. The latter undergo a period of proliferation and mucification known as cumulus expansion. Mucification is the secretion of a hyaluronic acid-rich cocktail that disperses and gathers the cumulus cell network in a sticky matrix around the ovum. This network stays with the ovum after ovulation and has been shown to be necessary for fertilization.[12][13]

text: An increase in cumulus cell number causes a concomitant increase in antrum fluid volume that can swell the follicle to over 20 mm in diameter. It forms a pronounced bulge at the surface of the ovary called the blister.[citation needed]

text: Ovulation[edit]

text: Estrogen levels peak towards the end of the follicular phase. This causes a surge in levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This lasts from 24 to 36 hours, and results in the rupture of the ovarian follicles, causing the oocyte to be released from the ovary.[14]

text: Through a signal transduction cascade initiated by LH, proteolytic enzymes are secreted by the follicle that degrade the follicular tissue at the site of the blister, forming a hole called the stigma. The secondary oocyte leaves the ruptured  follicle and moves out into the peritoneal cavity through the stigma, where it is caught by the fimbriae at the end of the fallopian tube. After entering the fallopian tube, the oocyte is pushed along by cilia, beginning its journey toward the uterus.[8]

text: By this time, the oocyte has completed meiosis I, yielding two cells: the larger secondary oocyte that contains all of the cytoplasmic material and a smaller, inactive first polar body. Meiosis II follows at once but will be arrested in the metaphase and will so remain until fertilization. The spindle apparatus of the second meiotic division appears at the time of ovulation. If no fertilization occurs, the oocyte will degenerate between 12 and 24 hours after ovulation.[15] Approximately 1-2% of ovulations release more than one oocyte. This tendency increases with maternal age. Fertilization of two different oocytes by two different spermatozoa results in fraternal twins.[8]

text: The mucous membrane  of the uterus, termed the functionalis, has reached its maximum size, and so have the endometrial glands, although they are still non-secretory.[citation needed]

text: Luteal  phase[edit]

text: The follicle proper has met  the end of its lifespan. Without the oocyte, the follicle folds inward on  itself, transforming into the corpus luteum (pl. corpora lutea), a  steroidogenic cluster of cells that produces estrogen and progesterone. These hormones induce the  endometrial glands to begin production of the proliferative endometrium and later  into secretory endometrium, the site of embryonic growth if  implantation occurs. The action of progesterone increases basal body temperature by one-quarter to one-half degree  Celsius (one-half  to one degree Fahrenheit).  The corpus luteum continues this paracrine  action for the remainder of the menstrual cycle, maintaining the  endometrium, before disintegrating into scar tissue during menses.[16]

text: Clinical  presentation[edit]

text: The start of ovulation can be detected by signs. Because the signs are not readily discernible by people other than the female, humans are said to have a concealed ovulation. In many animal species there are distinctive signals indicating the period when the female is fertile. Several explanations have been proposed to explain concealed ovulation in humans.

text: Females near ovulation  experience changes in the cervical mucus, and in their basal body temperature. Furthermore, many females experience secondary fertility signs  including Mittelschmerz (pain associated with ovulation) and a heightened sense of smell, and can sense the precise moment of ovulation.[17][18]

text: Many females experience heightened sexual desire in the several days immediately before ovulation.[19]  One study concluded that females subtly improve their facial  attractiveness during ovulation.[20]

text: Symptoms related to the onset of ovulation, the moment of ovulation and the body's process of beginning and ending the menstrual cycle vary in intensity with each female but are fundamentally the same. The charting of such symptoms — primarily basal body temperature, mittelschmerz and cervical position — is referred to as the sympto-thermal method of fertility awareness, which allow auto-diagnosis by a female of her state of ovulation. Once training has been given by a suitable authority, fertility charts can be completed on a cycle-by-cycle basis to show ovulation. This gives the possibility of using the data to predict fertility for natural contraception and pregnancy planning.

text: The moment of ovulation has been photographed.[22]

text: Disorders[edit]

text: Disorders of ovulation are classified as menstrual disorders and include oligoovulation and anovulation:

text:
Oligoovulation is infrequent or irregular ovulation (usually defined as cycles of greater than 36 days or fewer than 8 cycles a year)
Anovulation is absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected (in a post-menarchal, premenopausal female).  Anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Anovulation can also cause cessation of periods (secondary amenorrhea) or excessive bleeding (dysfunctional uterine bleeding).

text: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the following classification of ovulatory disorders:[23]

text:
WHO group I: Hypothalamic–pituitary-gonadal axis failure
WHO group II: Hypothalamic–pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction. WHO group II is the most common cause of ovulatory disorders, and the most common causative member is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).[24]
WHO group III: Ovarian failure
WHO group IV: Hyperprolactinemia

text: Induction and  suppression[edit]

text: Induced ovulation[edit]

text: Ovulation  induction is a promising assisted reproductive technology for patients with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)  and oligomenorrhea. It is also used in in vitro fertilization to make the follicles mature before egg retrieval. Usually, ovarian stimulation is used in conjunction with ovulation induction to stimulate the formation of multiple oocytes.[25] Some sources[25] include ovulation induction in the definition of ovarian stimulation.

text: A low dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be injected after completed ovarian stimulation. Ovulation will occur between 24–36 hours after the HCG injection.[25]

text: By contrast, induced ovulation in some animal species occurs naturally, ovulation can be stimulated by coitus.[26]

text: Suppressed ovulation[edit]

text: Contraception can be achieved by suppressing the ovulation.[citation needed]

text: The majority of hormonal contraceptives and conception boosters focus on the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle because it is the most important determinant of fertility. Hormone therapy can positively or negatively interfere with ovulation and can give a sense of cycle control to the female.[citation needed]

text: Estradiol and  progesterone, taken in various forms including combined oral contraceptive pills, mimics the hormonal levels of  the menstrual cycle and engage in negative feedback of folliculogenesis  and ovulation.[citation needed]


document_title: Dogue de Bordeaux

question_text: what kind of dog played in turner and hooch

text: Dogue de Bordeaux

text: History[edit]

text: The Dogue de Bordeaux was known in France as early as the fourteenth century, particularly in southern France in the region around Bordeaux. Hence, the city lent its name to this large dog. A uniform breed type of the Bordeaux Dog did not exist before about 1920.[1]

text: The French placed emphasis on keeping the old breeding line pure. Black masks were considered an indication of the crossing in of the English Mastiff. As an important indication of purity of the breed, attention was paid to the self colored (pink) nose, lighter eye color (dark amber), and red mask. They were originally bred with huge heads; a pioneer for the breed in Germany, Werner Preugschat once wrote:

text: What am I supposed to do with a dog that has a monstrous skull and is at most able to carry it from the food dish to its bed?

text: The Dogue de Bordeaux was at one time known to come in two varieties, Dogues and Doguins, the Dogue being considerably larger than the Doguin. The smaller Doguin has withered away to nothing more than a mention in breed history books, as it is no longer in existence.

text: The history of the breed is believed to predate the Bullmastiff and the Bulldog. It is said that the Dogue can be found in the background of the Bullmastiff, and others claim that the Dogue and Mastiff breeds were both being accomplished at the same time. Another theory is the Dogue de Bordeaux originates from the Tibetan Mastiff and it is also said that the Dogue is related to the Greco Roman molossoids used for war.[citation needed]

text: As there was a breed similar to the Dogue de Bordeaux in Rome at the time of Julius Caesar's reign, possibly a cousin of the Neapolitan Mastiff. Others suggest that the Dogue de Bordeaux is a descendent of a breed which existed in ancient France, the Dogues de Bordeaux of Aquitaine. Whichever theory is true, it is obvious that the Dogue de Bordeaux shares the same common links as all modern molossers.

text: The Dogue de Bordeaux was once classified into three varieties, the Parisian, the Toulouse and the Bordeaux, types which were bred depending on the region of France and the jobs it was required to do. The ancestral Dogue de Bordeaux had various coat colors, such as brindle and a majority of white markings that carried fully up the legs. It had scissor bites in some regions, undershot in others; a big head or a small head, a large body or a small body; very inconsistent in type. Another controversial aspect was the mask, red (brown), none or black. The Dogue de Bordeaux of Bordeaux of the time also sported cropped ears. Regardless, it had a general type similar to today's Dogue de Bordeaux.

text: Breeding[edit]

text: In 1863, the first canine exhibition was held at the "Jardin d'Acclimatation" in Paris, France. The winner of the Dogue de Bordeaux was a female named Magentas. The Dogue de Bordeaux was then given the name of the capital of its region of origin, today's Dogue de Bordeaux.

text: During the 1960s, a group of breeders of the Dogue de Bordeaux in France, headed by Raymond Triquet, worked on the rebuilding of the foundation of the breed. In 1970, a new standard was written for the breed, with the most recent update in 1995. This standard is the basis of the standard written for the AKC in 2005.

text: Although the Dogue de Bordeaux first arrived in the USA in the 1890s for the show ring, the first documented Dogues de Bordeaux of modern times appeared in 1959[clarification needed], Fidelle de Fenelon; and in 1968, Rugby de la Maison des Arbres. Between 1969 and 1980, imported Dogues de Bordeaux in the USA were scarce, limited to a few breeders who worked closely with the French Dogue de Bordeaux Club, the SADB. The breed was first "officially" introduced to American purebred enthusiasts in an article written in 1982 and by the American anthropologist, Dr. Carl Semencic for "Dog World" magazine. That article, entitled "Introducing the Dogue de Bordeaux", was followed by chapters dedicated to the Dogue in Semencic's books on dogs, published by T.F.H. Publications of Neptune, New Jersey. When Semencic's first article on the breed was published, there were no Bordeaux Dogues in the United States. There were 600 examples left in the world, mostly in France, the Netherlands and East Berlin, and the breed's numbers were on the decline. Much later, in 1989, the typical American family saw the Dogue de Bordeaux for the first time on the big screen in Touchstone's movie Turner & Hooch about a policeman and his canine partner, although many people[who?] did not know that the massive slobbering animal was a Dogue de Bordeaux.

text: Since then, the Dogue de Bordeaux has taken hold in the United States and can be found in greatly increasing numbers across the country. The Dogue de Bordeaux has been supported by multiple breed clubs throughout the years, and has finally found its way to full AKC recognition through the assistance of the Dogue de Bordeaux Society of America. Since 1997, the DDBSA has helped bring the breed to the point in which full AKC recognition could be achieved.

text: The Dogue de Bordeaux has begun to flourish is recent years, with its introduction into more movies and even television, as well as its full recognition status by the American Kennel Club, also known as the AKC (full AKC recognition began July 2008). Its numbers are climbing, but careful attention must be paid to health in the breed if its increase in popularity is to show a positive forward motion.

text: The breed was first exhibited in France in 1863 after which time it gained in popularity not only in their home country but in other parts of the world. The first record of Dogue de Bordeaux in the UK can be seen in the Kennel Club Gazette in 1897.[2] The breed was officially recognised by the Kennel Club (UK) in 1997[3] but it was not until 2001[4] that the Kennel Club (UK) accepted an interim breed standard.

text: Appearance[edit]

text: The Dogue de Bordeaux is a well balanced, muscular and massive dog with a powerful build. The Dogue's size should come mostly from width and muscles, rather than height.[citation needed] The breed is set somewhat low to the ground and is not tall like the English Mastiff. The body of the Dogue de Bordeaux is thick-set, with a top-line that has a slight dip (topline is never completely straight) and a gentle rounded croup. The front legs should be straight and heavy-boned, well up on pasterns, down to tight cat-like feet. The straight tail, beginning thickly at the base and then tapering to a point at the end, should not reach lower than the hocks, and is set and carried low. The breed is to be presented in a completely natural condition with intact ears, tail, and natural dewclaws. It should be evaluated equally for correctness in conformation, temperament, movement, and overall structural soundness.[citation needed]

text: Weight[edit]

text: The breed standards by European FCI and the American Kennel Club specify a minimum weight of 99 pounds (45 kg) for a female and 110 pounds (50 kg) for a male.[5] There is no formally stated maximum weight, but dogs must be balanced with regard to their overall type and the conformation standards of the breed.[citation needed]

text: Height[edit]

text: The standard states that the desirable height, at maturity, should range between 24 to 27 inches (61 to 69 cm) for male dogs and from 23 to 26 inches (58 to 66 cm) for females.[5] Deviation from these margins is considered a fault.[citation needed]

text: Head[edit]

text: The massive head is a crucial breed characteristic. The Dogue de Bordeaux is claimed to have the largest head in the canine world, in proportion to the rest of the body. For males, the circumference of the head, measured at the widest point of the skull, is roughly equal to the dog's height at the withers (shoulders). For females, the circumference may be slightly less. When viewed from the front or from above, the head of the Dogue forms a trapezoid shape with the longer top-line of the skull, and the shorter line of the underjaw, forming the parallel sides of the trapezoid. The jaw is undershot and powerful. The Dogue should always have a black or red mask that can be distinguished from the rest of the coat around and under the nose, including the lips and eye rims. The nose colour in red-masked dogs should be brown, in black-masked dogs, it must be black. The muzzle should be at most a third of the total length of the head and no shorter than a quarter of the length of the head, the ideal being between the two extremes. The upper lip hangs thickly down over the lower jaw. The upper lips of the Dogue de Bordeaux hangs over the lower lips. The skin on the neck is loose, forming a noticeable dewlap, but should not resemble that of a Neapolitan Mastiff. Small pendant ears top the head, but should not be long and hound like.[citation needed]

text: Coat[edit]

text: The standard specifies the coat to be 'short, fine, and soft to the touch'. Color varies from shades of fawn (light, coppery red) to mahogany (dark, brownish red) with a black, brown, or red mask, although the red mask is true to the breed. White markings are permitted on the tips of the toes and on the chest, but white on any other part of the body is considered a fault, and a disqualifying one if the pigmentation goes beyond the neck.[citation needed]

text: Health[edit]

text: While larger breeds of canines tend to have shorter life expectancy, the life expectancy of the Dogue is still shorter than even breeds of comparable or larger size.[6] According to data collected by the Dogue De Bordeaux Society of America, the average lifespan of the breed is 5 to 6 years.[7] A veterinary database in the UK showed similar figures.[8] In the American survey, the oldest dog in the record was 12 years old.[7] The Society is actively recording dogs that are 7 years old or older to celebrate the longer-lived dogs.[9]

text: Because of its brachycephalic head, the Dogue can be affected by breathing problems. (see Brachycephalic syndrome) Some may be heat- and exercise-intolerant as a result.[10] The FCI standard considers excessive shortness of breath and raspy breathing in the Dogue a severe fault.[11] The brachycephalic head shape can also encourage ectropion—an outward rolling of the lower eyelid— which can lead to conjunctivitis (eye inflammation) and bacterial infections.[12] Under the UK Kennel Club's Breed Watch system, the Dogue is classed as a Category 3 breed (formerly High Profile Breed), meaning it is a breed "where some dogs have visible conditions or exaggerations that can cause pain or discomfort."[13]

text: Aortic stenosis is a disease of the heart valve in which the opening of the aortic valve is narrowed. Symptoms include exercise intolerance, exertional syncope (fainting from physical exertion) and sudden death. One study suggests a high predisposition in the breed. No severe cases were found in adult dogs, and most moderate to severely affected dogs died before one year of age, leading the authors to speculate that the disease is more severe in the Dogue than in other breeds.[14]

text: Another heart problem in the breed is dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged and cannot pump blood efficiently. Some affected dogs may die suddenly without showing any signs of problems. Others may die from congestive heart failure after several weeks or months. Affected dogs are often euthanized at an early stage to avoid suffering.[15]

text: An estimated 5% of dogs may be affected by footpad hyperkeratosis, a thickening of the footpad and sometimes nose.[16][17] X-rays submitted voluntarily to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals shows that more than 50% of Dogues in the database are affected by hip dysplasia.[18]

text: Reproduction[edit]

text: Data from the Norwegian Kennel Club indicates a mean litter size of 8.1 puppies (ranging from 2-17) for the breed.[19] The breed has a high stillborn and early neonatal mortality rate, with a stillborn rate of 14.2% and early neonatal mortality (death within 1 week from birth) of 10.4%. The average across all breeds in the study was 4.3% stillbirth and 3.7% early neonatal mortality. Excluding stillborn and early deaths, the mean litter size is 6.1.[20] UK Kennel Club data shows that 27.8% (5 of 18) of Dogue litters were delivered by caesarean section.[21]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders

question_text: highest scoring nba players of all time in one game

text: Key[edit]

text:
^
Denotes player who is currently active in the NBA

*
Denotes player who has been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Occurred in playoff competition

Player's team lost the game

MP
Minutes played
FGM
Field goals made
FGA
Field goal attempts

3PM
3-point field goals made
3PA
3-point field goal attempts
DNP
Did not play

FTM
Free throws made
FTA
Free throw attempts

text: List[edit]

text:
Rank
Points
Player
Date
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Team
Opponent
Score
MP
FGM
FGA
3PM
3PA
FTM
FTA
Notes
Ref.

Scoring by quarter

1
100
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-03-02-0000March 2, 1962
23
18
28
31
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
169–147
48
36
63
—
—
28
32
[A]
[1][2] [3][4][5]

2
81
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002006-01-22-0000January 22, 2006
14
12
27
28
Los Angeles Lakers
Toronto Raptors
122–104
41:56
28
46
7
13
18
20
[B]
[6][7][8]

3
78
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
147–151
63
31
62
—
—
16
31
[C]
[5]

4
73
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-13-0000January 13, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
135–117
48
29
48
—
—
15
25
[D]
[5]

73
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-16-0000November 16, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
New York Knicks
127–111
48
29
43
—
—
15
19
[E]
[9]

73
Thompson, DavidDavid Thompson*
000000001978-04-09-0000April 9, 1978
32
21
9
11
Denver Nuggets
Detroit Pistons
137–139
43
28
38
—
—
17
20
[F]

7
72
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-03-0000November 3, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
115–127
—
29
48
—
—
14
18

[9]

8
71
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001960-11-15-0000November 15, 1960
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
123–108
45
28
48
—
—
15
18
[G]

71
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
000000001994-04-24-0000April 24, 1994
18
6
19
28
San Antonio Spurs
Los Angeles Clippers
112–97
44
26
41
1
2
18
25
[H]
[10][11]

10
70
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-03-10-0000March 10, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
148–163
48
27
38
—
—
16
22

[9]

70
Booker, DevinDevin Booker^
March 24, 2017
10
9
23
28
Phoenix Suns
Boston Celtics
120–130
45
21
40
4
11
24
26
[I]

12
69
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001990-03-28-0000March 28, 1990
16
15
20
18
Chicago Bulls
Cleveland Cavaliers
117–113
50
23
37
2
6
21
23
[J]
[12][13][14]

13
68
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001967-12-16-0000December 16, 1967
14
15
15
24
Philadelphia 76ers
Chicago Bulls
143–123
—
30
40
—
—
8
22

68
Maravich, PetePete Maravich*
000000001977-02-25-0000February 25, 1977
17
14
17
20
New Orleans Jazz
New York Knicks
124–107
43
26
43
—
—
16
19

15
67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-03-09-0000March 9, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
135–126
—
27
37
—
—
13
17

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-17-0000February 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
121–128
48
26
44
—
—
15
20

[5]

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-25-0000February 25, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
135–149
48
25
38
—
—
17
22

[5]

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-01-11-0000January 11, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
129–134
—
28
47
—
—
11
17

[9]

19
66
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001969-02-09-0000February 9, 1969
17
17
22
10
Los Angeles Lakers
Phoenix Suns
134–116
48
29
35
—
—
8
18
[K]

20
65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-13-0000February 13, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
132–152
48
24
40
—
—
17
30

[5]

65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-27-0000February 27, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
147–137
48
25
43
—
—
15
20

[5]

65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001966-02-07-0000February 7, 1966
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia 76ers
Los Angeles Lakers
132–125
—
28
43
—
—
9
20

65
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002007-03-16-0000March 16, 2007
4
19
9
24
Los Angeles Lakers
Portland Trail Blazers
116–111
49:58
23
39
8
12
11
12
[L]
[15]

24
64
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001959-11-08-0000November 8, 1959
13
12
17
22
Minneapolis Lakers
Boston Celtics
136–115
—
25
47
—
—
14
19
[M]

64
Barry, RickRick Barry*
000000001974-03-26-0000March 26, 1974
—
—
23
22
Golden State Warriors
Portland Trail Blazers
143–120
43
30
45
—
—
4
5

64
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001993-01-16-0000January 16, 1993
22
8
11
16
Chicago Bulls
Orlando Magic
124–128
47
27
49
1
5
9
11
[N]
[16]

27
63
Fulks, JoeJoe Fulks*
000000001949-02-10-0000February 10, 1949
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Indianapolis Jets
108–87
—
27
56
—
—
9
14
[O]

63
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
Philadelphia Warriors
151–147
—
23
55
—
—
17
24
[P]
[17]

63
West, JerryJerry West*
000000001962-01-17-0000January 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
129–121
39
22
36
—
—
19
22

63
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-14-0000December 14, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
118–120
—
24
41
—
—
15
20

[9]

63
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001964-11-26-0000November 26, 1964
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Philadelphia 76ers
117–128
—
27
58
—
—
9
20

63
Gervin, GeorgeGeorge Gervin*
000000001978-04-09-0000April 9, 1978
20
33
10
DNP
San Antonio Spurs
New Orleans Jazz
132–153
33
23
49
—
—
17
20
[Q]

63
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001986-04-20-0000April 20, 1986
17
6
13
18
Chicago Bulls
Boston Celtics
131–135
53
22
41
0
0
19
21
[R]

34
62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-14-0000January 14, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Boston Celtics
136–145
48
27
45
—
—
8
10

[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-17-0000January 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
136–130
53
24
48
—
—
14
20
[S]
[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-21-0000January 21, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
139–132
53
25
42
—
—
12
17
[T]
[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-01-29-0000January 29, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
New York Knicks
123–103
—
27
44
—
—
8
17

[9]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001964-11-15-0000November 15, 1964
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
122–106
—
26
44
—
—
10
21

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001966-03-03-0000March 3, 1966
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia 76ers
San Francisco Warriors
135–125
—
26
39
—
—
10
19

62
McGrady, TracyTracy McGrady*
000000002004-03-10-0000March 10, 2004
7
21
24
10
Orlando Magic
Washington Wizards
108–99
45:50
20
37
5
14
17
26

[18]

62
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002005-12-20-0000December 20, 2005
15
17
30
DNP
Los Angeles Lakers
Dallas Mavericks
112–90
32:53
18
31
4
10
22
25
[U]
[19][20]

62
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
000000002014-01-24-0000January 24, 2014
20
17
19
6
New York Knicks
Charlotte Bobcats
125–96
38:39
23
35
6
11
10
10
[V]
[21]

43
61
Mikan, GeorgeGeorge Mikan*
000000001952-01-20-0000January 20, 1952
18
18
—
—
Minneapolis Lakers
Rochester Royals
91–81
—
22
45
—
—
17
21
[W]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-09-0000December 9, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
135–113
48
28
48
—
—
5
10

[5]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-22-0000February 22, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
139–121
48
21
36
—
—
19
34

[5]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-28-0000February 28, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
128–119
48
24
46
—
—
13
17

[5]

61
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001962-04-14-0000April 14, 1962
18
15
13
15
Los Angeles Lakers
Boston Celtics
126–121
—
22
46
—
—
17
19
[X]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-21-0000November 21, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
139–143
—
27
52
—
—
7
15

[9]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-11-0000December 11, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
136–124
—
27
57
—
—
7
11

[9]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-18-0000December 18, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
130–110
—
26
53
—
—
9
14

[9]

61
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001987-03-04-0000March 4, 1987
14
10
7
26
Chicago Bulls
Detroit Pistons
125–120
43
22
39
0
0
17
18
[Y]
[22][23][24]

61
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001987-04-16-0000April 16, 1987
15
17
16
13
Chicago Bulls
Atlanta Hawks
114–117
41
22
38
0
3
17
21
[Z]
[25][26][27][28][29]

61
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
000000001990-01-27-0000January 27, 1990
17
13
20
11
Utah Jazz
Milwaukee Bucks
144–96
33
21
26
0
0
19
23

[30]

61
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
000000002000-03-06-0000March 6, 2000
10
16
16
19
Los Angeles Lakers
Los Angeles Clippers
123–103
44:52
24
35
0
0
13
22
[AA]
[31]

61
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002009-02-02-0000February 2, 2009
18
16
12
15
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
126–117
36:48
19
31
3
6
20
20

[32]

61
James, LeBronLeBron James^
000000002014-03-03-0000March 3, 2014
11
13
25
12
Miami Heat
Charlotte Bobcats
124–107
41:12
22
33
8
10
9
12
[AB]
[33][34]

57
60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-01-0000December 1, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
138–117
48
22
47
—
—
16
26

[5]

60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-29-0000December 29, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
123–118
48
24
43
—
—
12
19
[AC]
[5]

60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001969-01-26-0000January 26, 1969
18
9
10
23
Los Angeles Lakers
Cincinnati Royals
126–113
—
22
36
—
—
16
24
[AD]

60
King, BernardBernard King*
000000001984-12-25-0000December 25, 1984
21
19
11
9
New York Knicks
New Jersey Nets
114–120
41
19
30
0
0
22
26

[35]

60
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
000000001985-03-12-0000March 12, 1985
12
11
19
18
Boston Celtics
Atlanta Hawks
126–115
43
22
36
1
4
15
16
[AE]
[36]

60
Chambers, TomTom Chambers
000000001990-03-24-0000March 24, 1990
14
21
14
11
Phoenix Suns
Seattle SuperSonics
121–95
42
22
32
0
0
16
18

[37][38][39][40]

60
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
000000002005-02-12-0000February 12, 2005
17
12
11
20
Philadelphia 76ers
Orlando Magic
112–99
42:01
17
36
2
5
24
27

[41][42]

60
Arenas, GilbertGilbert Arenas
000000002006-12-17-0000December 17, 2006
12
5
12
15
Washington Wizards
Los Angeles Lakers
147–141
49:00
17
32
5
12
21
27
[AF]
[43]

60
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002007-03-22-0000March 22, 2007
13
11
19
17
Los Angeles Lakers
Memphis Grizzlies
121–119
45:11
20
37
3
7
17
18
[AG]
[44]

60
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002016-04-13-0000April 13, 2016
15
7
15
23
Los Angeles Lakers
Utah Jazz
101–96
42
22
50
6
21
10
12
[AH]
[45][46]

60
Klay Thompson^
December 5, 2016
17
23
20
DNP
Golden State Warriors
Indiana Pacers
142–106
29
21
33
8
14
10
11
[AI]
[47]