document_title: List of Drake & Josh characters

question_text: what is drake's last name in drake and josh

question_tokens: what is drake 's last name in drake and josh

text: List of Drake & Josh characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Drake Parker[edit]

text: Drake Parker (Drake Bell) is depicted as a laid-back, charming, immature, and womanizing teenager. Although he often appears unintelligent, his under-achievement seems to be caused by apathy and he has been known not to think before he acts (making straight D's). Drake has great interest in music, playing the electric guitar in a band throughout the series and liking all forms, his favorite being rock. He can also play several percussion instruments, shown in "Megan's New Teacher" when he tried to play drums and guitar at the same time and in "Josh Runs Into Oprah" where he played the bongos. He usually takes advantage of Josh to get what he wants. He has a lot of success with girls and much of the comedy is his effortless ability to get dates. Drake is also very unhygienic (not washing hands, eating food off the floor). Drake feels embarrassed about his new stepbrother at first, but grows to accept Josh. Despite his arrogance and selfishness, Drake still remains a likable character and redeems himself by doing the right thing. He becomes more mature as the series progresses. In 2010, Drake Bell made an appearance in the iCarly Season 3 episode "iBloop" which stars his Drake & Josh co-star Miranda Cosgrove. He reprised his role as Drake Parker to make an appearance in the episode, during which he seems to have stepped into the alternate fictional universe of iCarly where he recognizes Cosgrove's character as Megan Parker and follows by asking the whereabouts of Josh and the rest of his family.

text: Age: 15-16 (Seasons 1-2), 17-18 (Seasons 3-4)

text: Joshua "Josh" Nichols[edit]

text: Josh Nichols (Josh Peck) is usually the most educationally successful, sensible, and the clumsy one of the two, although not often the socially stable one. He had a job for the school newspaper as Miss Nancy that caused Drake to stress out in Pilot, but eventually begins working for the fictional Premiere movie theatre. Unlike Drake, Josh often stresses over school a lot and uses his common sense, often repeating things for emphasis when anxious. Despite his good moral-compass and punctuality, Josh is prone to bad luck, especially with girls. However later, he begins to date Mindy Crenshaw, who is his academic rival. His hobbies are studying science, cooking, and performing magic tricks. Later in the series, Josh becomes more popular and gains better luck. He is obsessed with Oprah Winfrey and ran her over with his car by accident in Josh Runs into Oprah.

text: Megan Parker[edit]

text: Megan Parker (Miranda Cosgrove) is Drake's younger sister and Josh's younger stepsister. Although at times Megan helps her brothers Drake and Josh, she is usually antagonistic and hostile to them, with various implications suggesting that her hostile behavior towards them is actually far more intense than common sibling rivalry. It has also been shown that she is very smart and quick-witted, she can pull off very extreme, cruel and sometimes complicated (or even potentially dangerous) pranks on her brothers all while ensuring that her parents think of her as being a "sweet little girl", seemingly to get away with it, like when she bought a lamb online and had to hide it with the help of Drake & Josh. When they found out about it at first, she said that she promised to tell Audrey and Walter about it. However by the end of the episode, their parents find out, and once again, Megan gets away with it, by pretending that Drake & Josh bought the lamb. In the episode, "The Affair", Megan shows off her true colors in front of her mother when she called Drake a boob and Josh gross and when she talked rudely to Drake about the bitten apple, but her mother somehow let her get away with it. Even when an incident has nothing to do with them she still manages to take their distrust from others as an advantage. This has even gone so far as to suggest that she might even possess genius-level intelligence, for example building a hidden computerized monitor in her room. Megan often references an unseen best friend named Janie and often refers to her older brothers as "boobs." Most of the time throughout the series, Megan is very conceited, rude, sassy, and mean to her brothers. However, despite her near-constant harassing them, Megan actually loves her brothers deep down and has shown them genuine love and gratefulness when they uncovered that her then-boyfriend had been two-timing her.

text: Age: 8-9 (seasons 1-2), 11 (season 3), 12-13 (season 4)

text: Audrey Parker-Nichols[edit]

text: Audrey (Nancy Sullivan) is Drake and Megan's mother and Josh's stepmother. Her first name is never mentioned in the series, but is revealed in most scripts as "Audrey". She is usually telling the boys to try not to be so immature. She upsets her husband Walter because of her preference to Bruce Winchill, his rival weatherman. Because Walter is unable to discipline the boys, she usually has to punish the boys although these punishments are usually unfair because most are Megan's fault. As stepmother and stepson, Audrey and Josh have a very fond relationship, and he affectionalty calls her "Mom" or "Mama". Her profession was never specified in the series, but it is generally assumed that she is a stay-at-home mom. She is a very generous and loving mother however a bit naive when it comes to her daughter Megan Parker (Miranda Cosgrove) especially when it is Megan's word against her two brothers Drake and Josh.

text: Walter Nichols[edit]

text: Walter (Jonathan Goldstein) is Josh's father and Drake and Megan's stepfather. He is a meteorologist for a local TV news program in San Diego, but he is often wrong about the weather. Walter is often clumsy, out of date, and seemingly empty-headed. As a result, he lacks the respect of his stepchildren as Drake and Megan (they refuse to call him "Dad" in most episodes and instead refer to him by his first name, like stepchildren would normally do). When Megan calls him by his first name, he always asks "When did she start calling me Walter?" and Audrey just says "I don't know." He is also clueless and skeptical in regards to Megan's pranks which have caused the boys a lot of punishments, although starting in The Demonator, Walter slowly begins to notice Megan's evil ways. A running gag involves a rivalry between him and Bruce Winchill, an unseen weatherman from another station. He hates that Winchill is so popular, as he is always right with his predictions, and even forbids the use of Winchill's name in the family home.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: Craig Ramirez and Eric Blonowitz[edit]

text: Craig (Alec Medlock) and Eric (Scott Halberstadt) are two stereotypical "nerdy" honor students that are always being exploited by Drake, mostly due to his hare-brained schemes. Drake often mistakes Eric for Craig. Craig corrected him one time, and Drake sarcastically said "It matters". Eric first appeared in the pilot episode as an extra and along with his best friend, Craig, a few times in Season 2 and 3, but they appear more frequently in Season 4. They usually are good friends and good in nature, but not free of a selfish side. Drake is so unkind to them that anytime they try to talk with them he rudely shuts the door in their face and tells them that are lots of reasons why they don't have girlfriends. Eric left for Puerto Rico in "Dance Contest," even though it was set before Drake & Josh: Really Big Shrimp which included both Craig and Eric (possibly because the movie premiered before the episode) though that could imply that Eric left for a holiday. They are similar to and loosely based on Cecily and Gwendolyn Pigeon from The Odd Couple, such as the characters' names always get mixed up by the sloppiest protagonist Drake/Oscar. Craig and Eric appear on iCarly in "iStart a Fan War" with Gavin, implying that Drake & Josh and iCarly take place within the same universe. It is revealed in Who's Got Game that Craig and Eric don't consider themselves to be friends with Drake because of the bad things he has done to them. It is also revealed that Craig showers in his bathing suit and thought Eric once told the whole school this until Drake admitted it was him who said it and Eric said in relief "I told you I didn't do it!", to which Craig accepted his apology by giving him a hug.

text: Mindy Crenshaw[edit]

text: Mindy (Allison Scagliotti) is an intelligent but boastful girl in the boys' class at school who is always trying to top the two of them, especially Josh, who is her rival. She also shows an extreme hatred for Drake, too (for an example in "Honor Council", she took apart Mrs. Hayfer's car and rebuilt it in the middle of her classroom to frame Drake for the prank and have him suspended). For this misdeed, Mindy was sent to a mental hospital, causing a temporary departure from the series, but she eventually reappeared in "Mindy's Back" to compete in the school science fair. Later on, she became Josh's on-again off-again girlfriend, and the two enjoy studying together. One of Mindy's well-known character traits is her extraordinary intelligence and scientific talents (she defeats Josh yearly in the science fair with the exception of one year after they started to date and she let him win, which she enjoys rubbing in his face at times and cloned her pet cockapoo), and has been shown to possess a love of sharks.

text: Helen Dubois[edit]

text: Helen (Yvette Nicole Brown) is the manager of the Premiere Theater (the movie theater where Josh has a job), connected to the Premiere Galleria, a mall. She is known for her intimidating demeanor, loud voice, and demanding attitude towards employees. She adores Drake, but dislikes Josh despite the hard work he puts in at the theater. She starred in a hit television sitcom as a child, called "Happy Times" (a parody of the classic 1970's TV sitcoms Happy Days and Good Times). She married Buzz Baxter in "Drake & Josh: Really Big Shrimp", but divorced him some time before Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh after 5 weeks. Helen left the Premiere theater to take a job as principal of Hollywood Arts High School on another Dan Schneider series, Victorious. Yvette Nicole Brown plays Helen Dubois, but Frances Callier filled in for her in "Little Diva".

text: "Crazy" Steve[edit]

text: Steve (Jerry Trainor) is an employee at the movie theater at which Josh works and, as his nickname suggests, is noted for his emotional and mental instability, lashing out at co-workers, strangers, and passersby over little things. Incredibly sensitive, Steve takes offense at the slightest of subjects or even the most thoroughly minor hints at insults, hollering at others for interrupting him or denying his questions, desires, or offers. Steve's utter lack of sanity has earned him a dangerously unpredictable reputation amongst colleagues, to the extent where he finds immense frustration in following along with episodes of Dora the Explorer, screaming at the animated characters on the screen. He appears in the program's Christmas special, most notably towards its conclusion, where he shreds hunks of cheese in a wood chipper in order to grant his friends' wish for a white Christmas. He recently appeared in an episode of the series Sam and Cat where he is revealed to have been placed at a mental institution for the sick with a restrictive mask over his face (Due to the conflict that Trainor also played Spencer Shay, a friend of Sam from the iCarly series that Sam and Cat spun off from). In seasons 2 and 3, he had a lot of hair but in season 4 his head was shaved.

text: Gavin Mitchell[edit]

text: Gavin (Jake Farrow) works with Josh at the Premiere and he has a mullet-like haircut similar in fashion to Rod Stewart (in "Who's Got Game" he got a perm). A running gag throughout the series involved Helen asking him to tell Josh to clean something unusual in the theater. He normally declines doing it himself when Josh asks if he would do it. He then cleans up the mess himself - telling Josh "I got it". He also has a crush on Audrey. He can apparently get away with anything at work, like taking a nap on the roof. He first appeared in "Driver's License" and made a final appearance in Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh. Gavin appears in iCarly in Season 4 episode "iStart a Fan War" with Craig and Eric.

text: Mrs. Hayfer[edit]

text: Mrs. Hayfer (Julia Duffy) is the boys' English teacher who adores Josh (due to his hard-working personality), but hates Drake because of his consistently poor performance in school (and judging by the doodles Drake made of Mrs. Hayfer in his English notebook in "Honor Council", Drake hates her in return). This trait serves as an opposite to Helen, who adores Drake and dislikes Josh. Oddly though, in the episode "Mean Teacher", Mrs. Hayfer is shown to hate Drake for no apparent reason as it is shown that when he answered a question correctly, she dubbed it incorrect and appointed the same question correct to another student right next to him as well as grading a flawless report he did with a "D-" again for no logical reason.[1] In fact, her catchphrase is "I hate you, Drake", with Drake responding, "I know". She also always says "To the nurse!", which is her own bizarre way by telling people to leave her classroom. In "Little Sibling", Mrs. Hayfer says it to Josh when she wanted to have a private talk with Drake. Mrs. Hayfer has a daughter named Kelly, who Drake briefly dates, much to her discontent. In "Honor Council", she comes into the classroom to find her car parked where the boys' seats are originally and accuses Drake of putting the car there, but her star student, Mindy, is the real culprit. Drake apparently hates Mrs. Hayfer so much that he wishes she would die, because in the episode, "Megan's First Kiss", when Josh rushes into the room to tell Drake about Cory cheating on Megan he yells "Woah man! You're not gonna believe this!!!", Drake asks in an anxious and excited tone, "Mrs. Hayfer died?!" She has a brief appearance in Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh, where Drake accidentally hits a fire hydrant while driving, resulting in water getting sprayed all over her. She then points out and yells her famous line: "I Hate You, Drake Parker!" showing that even though they graduated, she still hates him.

text: In the season 2 finale "Honor Council", Josh mentions her full name as being Alice Hayfer. However, in season 4's "Vicious Tiberious", a video shows her full name as being Linda Hayfer.

text: Dr. Jeff Glazer[edit]

text: Dr. Glazer (Roark Critchlow) is a doctor who lives across the street from the boys. He is always called on whenever a serious emergency happens at their house. Although he always seems kind while performing medical procedures for the boys, he always leaves them with a ridiculously high bill for his services (he once charged $100 for diagnosing a sheep as pregnant after it had already given birth and an extra $50 not to tell Audrey and Walter, and charged $300 for diagnosing Drake's facial rash). He first appeared in "The Bet" and he last appeared in "Sheep Thrills".

text: Bruce Winchill[edit]

text: Although Bruce Winchill is never seen in Drake & Josh, he is mentioned throughout the series. Megan and Audrey have a crush on him because he has good hair. He is a rival weatherman of Walter, and he always gets the weather right. His last name may be a pun on "wind chill."

text: Leah[edit]

text: Leah (Cathy Shim) is a Premiere employee who is good friends with Josh. She is only seen on occasion when Josh's in the Premiere. She is also afraid of Crazy Steve.

text: Minor characters[edit]

text: Grammy Nichols[edit]

text: Grammy (Randee Heller) is Josh's grandmother and Walter's mother. She loves Josh and Megan, but she hates Drake. In her only appearance in "Grammy", she expresses anger towards Drake when he decides to go to a concert even though Audrey and Walter said that he couldn't. At the end of the episode, Grammy shows affection toward Drake when he attempts to tell his parents the truth. Even though she never made an appearance in the series after "Grammy", she is later mentioned frequently. She sent gifts to Josh many times. She is last mentioned in "Merry Christmas, Drake and Josh".

text: Papa Nichols[edit]

text: Papa Nichols (Vernon Roberts) is Josh's great-grandfather and Walter's grandfather, his father's father, and Grammy's father-in-law. In his only appearance in "The Demonator", he had surgery and said he fought in World War II. Walter tells Drake and Josh that they're not allowed to ride The Demonator and he and Audrey tell the boys to stay home and watch Papa Nichols. Meanwhile, Drake lets Craig and Eric come over and watch him while the boys and Megan go to Mystic Mountain to ride the Demonator, but when he wakes up disoriented, he thinks he is back in the war and attacks them, thinking they are Germans (whom he called "German Nerds"). When Eric's cell phone rings, Papa Nichols, thinking it is a weapon, he throws it against the wall and breaks it. At the end of The Demonator, Walter tries to wake him up and he punches him when he called him a "German." He is later mentioned once by Josh in "The Wedding".

text: Aunt Catherine[edit]

text: Great-Aunt Catherine is Drake and Josh's mean great-aunt. She is mentioned in the episode "The Wedding", where it is revealed that she is getting married and she collects hair from people she doesn't know. She also owns a beach-house, which the family wants to receive. According to Drake she is "old and gross".

text: Jackie[edit]

text: Jackie (Robin Sydney) is obsessed with Drake and appeared in a total of four episodes. She would come into the scene randomly (usually at the end, specifically when something positive happens to Drake), and shout hysterically, "I love you! Bye!" This is considered to be one of the several running gags of the series. Whenever she would appear randomly and run off, Drake would say, "Who are you?"

text: Wendy[edit]

text: Wendy (Alyson Stoner) is a girl that had a huge crush on Drake. She is about the same age as Megan, and is in a camp club with Megan and some other children. She was his biggest fan and would want to be near him wherever she went. That led to her becoming obsessed with him and wouldn't leave him alone for days. Wendy, in front of Megan and the other kids, foretold her own future about marrying Drake someday and that he was her "boyfriend". Moments later, she was confronted by Drake before the camp out started which led to him hurting her feelings. She then writes him an apology card, which he reads in "Star 99 Songwriter's Spotlight" and gets some advice from a girl backstage, which led to him cancelling his gig and goes back home to make up with Wendy. In the end Drake played to her his song, Down We Fall which he sang to her, and she was very happy to hear it. She then gave him a hug and was rewarded by getting Drake's guitar pick which he offered to her when they first met. Her only appearance was in the episode "Number 1 Fan". Her real name is Melissa, but people call her Wendy because she hates her own real name.

text: Sammy[edit]

text: Sammy (Jordan Wright) was a little kid that Drake needed to take care of because he got in trouble for lying to Mrs. Hayfer (Julia Duffy) about being in class on time when she left to check if the lunch ladies were fighting again, but they weren't. While Drake proceeds to take care of Sammy, he (Sammy) wanted Josh to be his big sibling. While they were doing their cooking show, Sammy complimented Josh by saying that he was the coolest guy ever. While others think that Drake is the cool guy, Sammy thought it about Josh. It's a possibility that Mrs. Hayfer personally picked him up as Drake's sibling, or told her husband to do so, knowing that he would prefer Josh over Drake.

text: Trevor[edit]

text: Trevor (Taran Killam) is Drake's absent-minded friend and Scottie's older brother. Even though he only appeared in "Dune Buggy", he is mentioned several times in the series, and his voice is heard over the phone in "Josh Runs into Oprah". Trevor also gets a brain scan every month, due to his unintelligence as found out in "Dune Buggy". In "The Wedding", the boys use his old car (an El Camino) to get to their Aunt Catherine's wedding, but it breaks down and later catches fire.

text: Clayton[edit]

text: Clayton (Josh Sussman) is one of the nerdy kids at school. He has talking problems since he mumbles and no one can understand what he is saying (even though closed captions reveal his incoherent mumbling). Even Craig and Eric call him a "nerd," considering that they are nerds themselves. He appears only in "Josh is Done" and "Eric Punches Drake". In "Eric Punches Drake," he begins to dislike Drake when Drake spits blue mouthwash into his bottled water, and he even goes as far as to find out where Drake and Josh live just so he could repeat "Why?"

text: Janie[edit]

text: Megan's best friend (Jasmine McNeil). She is mentioned in several episodes of Season 4 and appears in "Megan's Revenge" and "Megan's First Kiss".

text: Corey[edit]

text: Megan and Monica's ex-boyfriend (Christian Vandal). He dated both Megan and Monica at the same time, and in the end he gets exposed of it by Drake and Josh. His only appearance is in "Megan's First Kiss".

text: Monica[edit]

text: Corey's second girlfriend (Kelly Heyer). She dated Corey for a month until she found out by Drake and Josh that she had been cheated on. Her only appearance is in "Megan's First Kiss".

text: Vince[edit]

text: Vince (voiced by D. Elliot Woods) is the helicopter pilot. He gives Drake a lesson about skydiving and he takes him and Josh on a ride in his helicopter. However, he ends up hitting his head on the fire extinguisher and gets knocked unconscious. When the boys try to wake him up, Josh accidentally sprays him out of the helicopter with a fire extinguisher. When Drake and Josh get home, he comes in angrily and gives Walter a bill that he has to pay $400,000 for the damaged helicopter and Drake and Josh, knowing the consequences, ground themselves for 2 weeks.

text: Tiberius[edit]

text: Tiberius is Mrs. Hayfer's dog. When Drake and Josh arrive at Mrs. Hayfer's house, they find the house to be beautiful until they run into a Rottweiler by the name of Tiberius. Tiberius is proven to be a very violent Rottweiler and proceeds to chase Drake and Josh, until the brothers lock themselves in the bathroom. Drake and Josh's cellphones are later done for when Josh's cellphone gets flushed down a toilet and Drake's cellphone is eaten by Tiberius, thus giving them a harder time. Megan later shows up at Mrs. Hayfer's house and when Drake and Josh think that Tiberius is going to eat her, they come out the bathroom to 'rescue' her. Tiberius happens to be calm when Megan is around. After Megan leaves the house, Drake and Josh lock themselves in the bathroom when Tiberius becomes angry again. Later, the animal control man gets scared when Tiberius shows up and runs into the bathroom with Drake and Josh. Drake and Josh then devise a plan to escape out of Mrs. Hayfer's house without getting killed by Tiberius, while the animal control man carves soap on the toilet. Drake and Josh run out the bathroom and run different directions to fool Tiberius. At the end, Drake and Josh make a long run home and decided to rest on the couch. Walter goes to Mrs. Hayfer's house to look for Drake and Josh and sees Tiberius, who barks at him and starts to chase him; Walter becomes scared and runs out the house, with Tiberius still after him.

text: Karate instructor and coffee shop owner[edit]

text: Played by Toshi Toda. He first appears in the pilot as Josh's karate instructor. He is later seen in "First Crush" saying that his karate place burnt down. Since then he has become the owner of a coffee shop where he held auditions for a band. He banned Drake from entering the shop because Drake had a snake in his backpack which was put there by Megan. However Cathy, Josh's crush at the time, spoke to him about giving them another chance.

text: Drew and Jerry[edit]

text: Drew (James Immekus) and Jerry (Stephen Markarian) are two boys who look and act exactly like Drake and Josh. Drew plays the saxophone and flirts with girls while Jerry likes pool, video games and magic tricks. Josh began hanging out with Drew, making Drake jealous, which led to the friendship between him and Jerry. Jerry is also a good comedian. Jerry says that he plays a lot of pool at the Premiere, which is presumably how Drake met him. Josh and Drew then attend a movie premiere that Drake and Josh were going to see originally, so, an angry Drake gets back at Josh by spending the day with Jerry fishing. However, during an argument, Drake has Jerry do a magic trick which involved cutting a girl's ponytail and then putting it back clear in position. Josh then tells Drew to entertain everyone in the Premiere by playing the saxophone. A talent agent sees them and decides to give them their own TV show, a comedy about two brothers. Drake and Josh then watch the show themselves. They were not seen after this episode.

text: Henry Doheny[edit]

text: Henry Doheny (Steve Tom) is a used-to-be famous magician. Josh, Walter and Megan all idolize him while Drake hates him with a burning passion. Doheny does magic wherever he goes, such as interfering with random people and doing magic tricks for them and even magics a sandwich inside him without eating it. When Drake could no longer stand him in his house, he tried to kill him with a baseball bat but Josh decided to help him get recognized again. Megan came up with a trick called "The Box of Impalement", which backfired due to putting Doheny in a large box and sticking swords into his body, killing him. However at the funeral Henry came back to life and regained his career and went off to Las Vegas to perform there for 4 years. He is not seen after that.

text: Drake's girlfriends[edit]

text: Susan[edit]

text: Susan (Ashley Drane) was Drake's girlfriend in the episode "Believe Me, Brother". She loved Drake but then ended up cheating on him by flirting with Josh. Whenever Drake would come near Susan with Josh, Susan would pretend not to love Josh. She is a very manipulative character and selfish when she ran after her men that she wanted. Susan would play on the brother's relationship to get what she wanted, however she didn't know how strong the bond was between the two brothers. She paid the price; Drake and Josh planted some purple paint in her locker and it splattered all over her when she opened her locker door. She is later exposed when a prank created by Megan on their video project for class is tampered to reveal embarrassing images of the boys, including a shot of Susan kissing Josh, much to Drake's dismay.

text: Kelly Hayfer[edit]

text: Kelly Hayfer (Chelsea Brummet) was Drake's girlfriend in the episode "Mean Teacher". She has a laughing problem throughout the whole episode, much to Drake's annoyance. She really loved him deep down inside until one day during her double date with Drake, Josh, and Allison, she decided to break up with him because she didn't think things were working out between them, much to Drake's excitement. She never appeared again after this episode.

text: Carly[edit]

text: Carly (Brittany Curran) is Drake's girlfriend. She first appears in "Who's Got Game" where Josh challenges Drake on who can get the most dates. Drake meets her at the CD shop where she works and he falls in love with her at first sight. Carly grew fond of him too after meeting him. She dumps Drake when she found out about the bet, thinking Drake is just using her. He then proves to her that he can be honest and they continue dating. She makes her final appearance in "The Storm" where she befriends Drake's ex-girlfriends Lucy and Christine, thanks to Megan. Afterwards, it is not mentioned if Carly is still Drake's girlfriend. As Drake is seen flirting with other girls like in "Tree House" where he attempted to go on a double date with Josh and twins, it is possible that Drake and Carly broke up though this is debatable.

text: Lucy[edit]

text: Lucy (Gabrielle Christian) is another one of Drake's ex-girlfriends. She is introduced in "Girl Power," where she admitted to be tougher than Drake. Although Drake disagreed, Lucy decided that the two of them should wrestle each other. Drake is hesitant about wrestling her. Lucy is considered to be a tomboy. She returned in "The Storm", where she is friends with Carly and Christine (Drake's girlfriend and ex-girlfriend, respectively).

text: Christine[edit]

text: Christine (Sarah Christine Smith) is another one of Drake's ex-girlfriends. She is introduced in "The Storm", where she is friends with Carly and Lucy (Drake's girlfriend and ex-girlfriend, respectively).

text: Drake's band[edit]

text: Drake's band is the band which Drake is the frontman.

text: Band members[edit]

text: Scottie[edit]

text: Scottie (Johnny Lewis) is the former drummer of Drake's band. He is considered to be unintelligent, according to Drake and the other band members. He appeared in four episodes in Season 1. He got himself and his band members detained at a Rock Shock concert because he photocopied their tickets in "Grammy". He, Rina, and Paul were never seen again after that. Scottie is Trevor's younger brother.

text: Rina[edit]

text: Rina (Molly Orr) is the former bassist of Drake's band, appearing in four episodes in Season 1. She and Paul caused Drake peer pressure in "Grammy", when they had concert tickets to Rock Shock, the concert that Drake is not allowed to attend. Scottie got them detained because he photocopied their tickets. Scottie, Rina, and Paul were never seen again after that.

text: Paul[edit]

text: Paul (Jeremy Ray Valdez) is the former rhythm guitarist of Drake's band, appearing in four episodes in Season 1. He and Rina caused Drake peer pressure in "Grammy", when they had concert tickets to Rock Shock, the concert that Drake is not allowed to attend. Scottie got them detained because he photocopied their tickets. Scottie, Rina, and Paul were never seen or mentioned again after that.

text: Gary[edit]

text: Gary (Dan Mott) is the goofy and self-absorbed drummer of Drake's band. He has a tattoo of a foot on his chest and likes to wear girls shirts (e.g. his sister's blouse and Megan's panda shirt). He only appeared in "The Storm".

text: Julio[edit]

text: Julio (Shiloh Fernandez) is the current bassist of Drake's band. He only appeared in "The Storm" but he is mentioned in "Josh Runs Into Oprah".

text: Neil Kramer[edit]

text: Neil Kramer (Ridge Canipe) is a 5th grader who appears in "Megan's New Teacher" who played the drums for Drake when his original drummer left. Drake noticed his talent for drums when he found him playing a song on books with pencils in the classroom. After that he took him home to hear him play and Drake wanted to have him play in the band. However, when Josh handed out pop quizzes that everyone failed because they didn't do homework, Neil's mom banned him from playing. Drake and Megan hatched a plan to get Josh fired; it worked, leading to Neil playing for Drake's band at the Premiere's third anniversary. Neil was never seen again after that, probably because he is in Megan's grade and was most likely only a one time member.

text: Other members[edit]

text: In addition to the members mentioned above, Drake is seen performing in the Season 2 episode "Blues Brothers" with several other boys, who are never named and do not appear in any other episodes.

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Drake Parker - vocals, lead guitar (2003–present)
Julio - bass, backing vocals (2006–present)

text:
Scottie - drums, percussion (2003–2004)
Rina - bass, backing vocals (2003–2004)
Paul - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2003–2004)
Mitch - drums, percussion (2005–2006)
Gary - drums, percussion (2006–2007)
Neil Kramer - drums, percussion (2006)

text: Musical style and influences[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Even though their main musical style is never revealed in the show, it is presumed that their main genres are power pop (as evidenced in the song "The Girl Next Door"), alternative rock (as evidenced in the song "Hollywood Girl"), pop rock (as evidenced in the song "Makes Me Happy"), blues rock (as evidenced in "Old, Cranky Josh"), pop punk (as evidenced in the song "I Found a Way"), and post-grunge (as evidenced in the song "Don't Preach"). Possible influences for the band are Sparks (mentioned frequently in the series), Zero Gravity, and Aerosmith (the Just Push Play album sleeve is seen frequently in the series).

text: Known songs[edit]

text:
"I Found a Way" (theme song of the show)*
"The Girl Next Door" (played in "Believe Me, Brother")
"Don't Preach" (played in Drake & Josh Go Hollywood)*
"Highway to Nowhere" (played in Drake & Josh Go Hollywood, and Vicious Tiberious)*
"Hollywood Girl" (played in Drake & Josh Go Hollywood)*
"Down we fall" (played in "Number one fan")*
"Old, Cranky Josh" (played in "Alien Invasion", may not be a real song)
"Makes Me Happy" (played in "Really Big Shrimp")*

text:
"Soul Man" (played in "Blues Brothers")
"Jingle Bells" (played in Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh)
"12 Days of Christmas" (reworked, played in Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh)
"We Will Rock You" (played in "The Storm")

text: * Actual songs by Drake Bell.


document_title: Miracle of Lanciano

question_text: when did the miracle of lanciano take place

root

text: Miracle of Lanciano

text: History[edit]

text: The miracle is usually described roughly as follows: In the city of Lanciano, Italy, then known as Anxanum, some time in the 700s, a Basilian hieromonk was assigned to celebrate Mass at the monastery of St. Longinus. Celebrating in the Latin Rite and using unleavened bread, the monk had doubts about the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation. During the Mass, when he said the Words of Consecration ("This is my body. This is my blood"), with doubt in his soul, the priest saw the bread change into living flesh and the wine change into blood which coagulated into five globules, irregular and differing in shape and size.[2] The miracle was supposed to have been contemporaneously investigated and confirmed by the Church, though no documents from this alleged investigation are extant.[2]

tag: p

text: The specimens which are alleged to have resulted from this miracle are currently kept in a silver ostensorium in the Church of San Francesco, Lanciano, where they are treated as relics and visited by pilgrims.

text: Investigations[edit]

text: It is alleged that various investigations prove the specimens to be authentic. For example, it is alleged that the five globules were weighed, with each globule weighing the same amount as all of them together, or as any combination of them.[2] This measurement allegedly took place during the scientific investigation, and was allegedly replicated in an investigation by Archbishop Antonio Gaspar Rodríguez in 1574.

text: In 1971, the specimens were analyzed by Odoardo Linoli, a professor in anatomy and pathological histology as well as chemistry and clinical microscopy, and former head of the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy at the Hospital of Arezzo.[3] The report was published in Quaderni Sclavo di Diagnostica Clinica e di Laboratori in 1971.[3][4][5] Dr. Linoli's analysis was confirmed by Ruggero Bertelli, a retired professor of human anatomy at the University of Siena.[2][6]

text: Linoli's conclusions[edit]

text: According to Linoli's study, the flesh is human cardiac tissue of type AB, consistent with the source being of Middle Eastern descent. He said he found proteins in the blood, in the same normal proportions (percentage-wise) as are found in the sero-proteic make-up of normal blood. Linoli found no trace of preservatives.[5]

text: Some sources claim that Linoli's study proves that the specimens are miraculous because blood would naturally decay and Linoli's analysis is based on a comparison with normal (fresh) blood, not thousand-year-old blood. However, others claim that Linoli's report in fact proves that the blood is old and not fresh blood, which would be consistent with a naturalistic explanation.[7]

text: Current status[edit]

text: The Basilian monks kept custody of the elements until their departure in 1175. They were succeeded by Benedictine monks in 1176. The items were placed in different locations within the Church of St. Francis at Lanciano. They were kept in the Valsecca Chapel from 1636 until 1902 when they were relocated to a new altar.

text: When he was Cardinal of Kraków, Pope John Paul II visited the Church of St Francis in Lanciano.[8]

text: The elements can still be seen today. The specimen alleged to be flesh, which is the same size as the large host used in the Latin Church, is fibrous and light brown in color and becomes rose-colored when lighted from the back. The specimen alleged to be blood consists of five coagulated globules and has an earthy color resembling the yellow of ochre.

text: Pictures and documents[edit]

text:
Rear-lighted panel (side)

Rear-lighted panel (front)

Scientific recognition (18 November 1970)

Scientific recognition (4 March 1971)

Document by Prof. Ruggero Bertelli

Related article in L'Osservatore Romano

Places with similar miracles

tag: ul

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ http://visitabruzzo.altervista.org/en/2012/12/church-of-san-francesco-lanciano/
^ Jump up to: a b c d Saunders, William. The Miracle of Lanciano, "Straight Answers", Arlington Catholic Herald, September 7, 2000
^ Jump up to: a b "Physician Tells of Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano". Retrieved 2011-01-06.
Jump up ^ Linoli, O. "Histological, immunological and biochemical studies on the flesh and blood of the eucharistic miracle of Lanciano (8th century)"
^ Jump up to: a b "The Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano". Archived from the original on 2006-08-31. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
Jump up ^ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eucharistic_Miracle_of_Lanciano_-_public_documentation_-_Ruggero_Bertelli.JPG
Jump up ^ http://arumanchan.blogspot.co.uk/2008/08/eucharist-miracles-miracle-of-lanciano_12.html
Jump up ^ Pope John Paul II, "Letter To Archbishop Carlo Ghidelli Of Lanciano-Ortona (Italy)", October 4, 2004, Vatican

tag: ol

text: Links[edit]

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano.

tag: table

text: Coordinates: 42°13′48″N 14°23′24″E / 42.23000°N 14.39000°E / 42.23000; 14.39000

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document_title: All Eyez on Me

question_text: when did all eyez on me go platinum

question_tokens: when did all eyez on me go platinum

text: All Eyez on Me

text: Background[edit]

text: In October 1995, Suge Knight and Jimmy Iovine paid the $1.4 million bail necessary to get Shakur released from jail on charges of sexual abuse. At the time, Shakur was broke and thus unable to make bail himself. All Eyez on Me was released following an agreement between Knight and Shakur which stated Shakur would make three albums under Death Row Records in return for them paying his bail. Fulfilling part of Shakur's brand new contract, this double-album served as the first two albums of his three-album contract.[7][8]

text: Euthanasia was the initial title of the album until it was changed to All Eyez on Me during the recording process. Shakur explained to MTV's Bill Bellamy in December 1995 saying:

text:
“
It's called All Eyez on Me. That's how I feel it is. I got the police watching me, the Feds. I got the females that want to charge me with false charges and sue me and all that. I got the females that like me. I got the jealous homeboys and I got the homies that roll with me. Everybody's looking to see what I'mma do now so All Eyez on Me.[9]
”

text: All Eyez on Me was originally intended for a Christmas 1995 release but was pushed back as Shakur continued to record music and shoot music videos for the album.[9]

text: Recording and production[edit]

text: The album features guest spots from 2Pac's regulars, such as former-Thug Life members and The Outlawz, as well as Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Tha Dogg Pound, Nate Dogg, and George Clinton, Rappin' 4-Tay, The Click, Method Man, and Redman among others.[10] The song "Heartz of Men" samples a portion of Richard Pryor's comedy album That Nigger's Crazy. Most of the album was produced by Johnny "J" and Daz Dillinger, with help from Dr. Dre on the songs "California Love", which he himself appeared in also as an album guest spot, and "Can't C Me", which was Clinton's appearance. DJ Quik also produced, mixed and made an appearance on the album, but had to use his real name on the credits because his contract with Profile Records prevented him from using his stage name.

text: Lyrical themes[edit]

text: The songs on All Eyez on Me are, in general, unapologetic celebrations of living the "Thug Lifestyle". Though there is the occasional reminiscence about past and present friends, it is a definite move away from the social and political consciousness of 2Pacalypse Now and Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z....[11] The songs on the album along with the name of the album itself, allude to the feeling of being watched. With songs like "Can't C Me" and "All Eyez on Me", 2Pac makes it known that he feels the presence of surveillance, most notably by the police. The album also references the fact the 2Pac is under the attention of many fans, being his fourth studio album.[12]

text: Singles[edit]

text: The first single, "California Love" featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman was released, December 28, 1995.[13] This is perhaps 2Pac's best-known song and his most successful, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks (as a double A-side single with "How Do U Want It") and 5 weeks at number one in New Zealand. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award as a Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (with Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman) in 1997.[14] A remix version also produced by Dr. Dre appeared on the album. The song has since been certified 2x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.[15]

text: "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" featuring rapper Snoop Dogg, was released as the second single on, May 7, 1996.[16] The video was directed by one of 2Pac's production partners, Gobi M. Rahimi and was filmed four months prior to September 1996 shooting. The prelude for the song shows a parody of Biggie Smalls ("Piggie") and Puff Daddy ("Buff Daddy") in discussion with Shakur about the November 1994 shooting. The beginning of the scene where Tupac is speaking to Biggie is in reference to the movie Scarface where Tony speaks to his alleged killer before shooting him.[17] The song peaked at number 46 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart.[18]

text: The third single, "How Do U Want It" featuring R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo, was released, June 4, 1996.[19] It was a Double A-side single to "California Love" in America. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. There were three videos filmed for the song: two in the same set for the single in April 1996. The video was directed by Ron Hightower and produced by Tracy D. Robinson. These two are distinguished by MPAA rating (one is certified adult material). The video portrays a wild sex party with jacuzzi, mechanical bull riding, cage dancing and pole stripping. All actors and actresses are dressed in renaissance-age costumes, though all clothes are removed for the nude clip. The adult-material video also features numerous porn stars, including Nina Hartley, Heather Hunter, and Angel Kelly.[20] The limousine segment seen in the clean version is the same except no nudity.[21] The third one is the concert version, mostly them performing on stage. There are cameo appearances by K-Ci & JoJo, and fellow group member of Digital Underground Shock G both in the concert and studio segments.[22]

text: "I Ain't Mad at Cha" featuring singer Danny Boy, was released shortly after Shakur's death as the final single from the album, on September 15, 1996. For the video the song was re-recorded with a live band. The new track was recorded at Can-Am Studios by Conley Abrams. The video was shot weeks before Shakur's death.[23]

text: Hit 'Em Up[edit]

text: "Hit 'Em Up" is a diss track featuring the Outlawz. It was released on June 4, 1996, as the B-side to the single "How Do U Want It".[24] The song's lyrics contain vicious insults to several East Coast rappers, including The Notorious B.I.G., Puffy, Mobb Deep, Lil' Kim, Lil' Cease, Chino XL and the entire Junior M.A.F.I.A.. The song was recorded in Los Angeles, California at Can-Am Studios in May 1996. Reporter Chuck Philips, who interviewed Shakur at Can-Am, described the song as "a caustic anti-East Coast jihad in which the rapper threatens to eliminate Biggie, Sean Combs (Puffy), and a slew of Bad Boy artists and other New York acts."[25] The music video for "Hit 'Em Up" was filmed in a warehouse off Slauson Avenue near Fox Hills Mall in Los Angeles in May 1996.[26][27] "Hit 'Em Up" had a large role in exacerbating the East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry. The song is widely considered by the American hip hop community as one of the greatest "diss tracks" ever recorded.[28] The song didn't appear on All Eyez on Me, due to it being recorded after the release of the album, however, it was included on Shakur's Greatest Hits album in 1998.[29]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[30]

Encyclopedia of Popular Music
[31]

Entertainment Weekly
B+[32]

Los Angeles Times
[33]

NME
9/10[34]

Q
[35]

Rolling Stone
[36]

The Rolling Stone Album Guide
[37]

Spin
7/10[38]

USA Today
[39]

text: All Eyez on Me received widespread acclaim from critics. It was included in Rolling Stone's essential recordings of the 1990s.[40] Spin magazine gave it a 7 out of 10, writing that, "As long as you don't expect philanthropy from Tupac, you'll find honesty and some pleasurably twisted scenarios."[41] The record ranked No. 3 on Entertainment Weekly's list of Top 10 albums of 1996.[42] AllMusic stated, "Maybe it was his time in prison, or maybe it was simply his signing with Suge Knight's Death Row label. Whatever the case, 2Pac re-emerged hardened and hungry with All Eyez on Me, the first double-disc album of original material in hip-hop history. With all the controversy surrounding him, 2Pac seemingly wanted to throw down a monumental epic whose sheer scope would make it an achievement of itself. But more than that, it's also an unabashed embrace of the gangsta lifestyle, backing off the sober self-recognition of Me Against the World. Sure, there are a few reflective numbers and dead-homiez tributes, but they're much more romanticized this time around"."Despite some undeniable filler, it is easily the best production 2Pac's ever had on record".[43] Writing for Los Angeles Times, Cheo Hodari Coker praised the album saying: "All Eyez on Me, a 27-song, 133-minute gangster's paradise, finds the rapper even more venomous than he was before his 11-month incarceration for sexual abuse. He displays no remorse for his tough life, and even less feeling for his enemies. The only thing jail time did for 2Pac was make his creative fires burn even hotter—he raps here with a passion and skill matched in gangsta rap only by Snoop Doggy Dogg and the Notorious B.I.G. And with such producers as DJ Pooh, DJ Quik, Dr. Dre and Johnny J laying down the tracks, he finally has a musical team worthy of his talent."[33]

text: On MTV's Greatest Rappers of All Time list, All Eyez on Me was listed as one of 2Pac's "certified classic" albums, along with 2Pacalypse Now, Me Against the World, and The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory.[44]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
The information regarding accolades attributed to All Eyez on Me is adapted from Acclaimed Music.[45]
Asterisk (*) signifies unordered lists.

text:
Publication
Country
Accolade
Year
Rank

FNAC
France
The 1000 Best Albums of All Time[46]
2008
461

Rock & Folk
The Best Albums from 1963 to 1999[47]
1999
*

Babylon
Greece
The 50 Best Albums of the 1990s
48

Hip-Hop Connection
United Kingdom
The 100 Greatest Rap Albums 1995–2005
2005
35

The New Nation
Top 100 Albums by Black Artists
64

Q
The Ultimate Music Collection
*

90 Albums of the 90s
1999
*

rap.About.com
United States
100 Greatest Hip Hop Albums[48]
2008
80

Best Rap Albums of 1996[49]
1

Tom Moon
1000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die
*

Entertainment Weekly
The 100 Best Albums from 1983 to 2008
87

Ego Trip
Hip Hop's 25 Greatest Albums by Year 1980–98
1999
14

Rolling Stone
The Essential Recordings of the 90s
*

100 Best Albums of the Nineties[50]
2010
50

Complex
The 90 Best Rap Albums of the '90s
2014
10

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: All Eyez on Me debuted at number-one on both the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. It was the second album from 2Pac to do so,[51] selling 566,000 copies in the first week.[52] All Eyez on Me has shipped 10 million copies in the United States as of July 23, 2014 and has been certified Diamond by the RIAA, which makes it one of the best-selling albums in the U.S.[53][54] In the UK, BPI certified the album Silver (300,000 copies sold) on January 1, 1997 followed by Gold on July 22, 2013 and Platinum on November 14, 2014.[55] It has charted on Billboard 200 for 105 weeks in total.

text: All Eyez on Me is 2Pac's best selling album.[54] It was re-released in 2001 as enhanced CDs containing the "California Love" music video. Both discs contained the same data track. It was also re-released as a Dual-Disc in 2005.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
Disc 1: Book 1

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length

1.
"Ambitionz Az a Ridah"

Tupac Shakur
Delmar Arnaud

Daz Dillinger
4:39

2.
"All Bout U" (featuring Snoop Dogg, Nate Dogg, Dru Down, Yaki Kadafi and Hussein Fatal)

Shakur
Johnny Jackson
Larry Blackmon
Tomi Jenkins

Johnny "J"
2Pac

4:37

3.
"Skandalouz" (featuring Nate Dogg)

Shakur
Arnaud

Daz Dillinger
4:09

4.
"Got My Mind Made Up" (featuring Tha Dogg Pound and Method Man & Redman)

Shakur
Arnaud
Ricardo Brown

Daz Dillinger
5:13

5.
"How Do U Want It" (featuring K-Ci & JoJo)

Shakur
Jackson

Johnny "J"
4:48

6.
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" (featuring Snoop Dogg)

Shakur
Calvin Broadus
Arnaud

Daz Dillinger
4:07

7.
"No More Pain"

Shakur
DeVanté Swing
Timothy Mosley
Clifford Smith
Robert Diggs, Jr.

DeVante Swing
Timbaland

6:15

8.
"Heartz of Men"

Shakur
David Blake
Prince Nelson
George Clinton, Jr.
William Collins
Clarence Haskins
Bernard Worrell

DJ Quik
4:43

9.
"Life Goes On"

Shakur
Jackson
Stacey Smallie

Johnny "J"
5:02

10.
"Only God Can Judge Me" (featuring Rappin' 4-Tay)

Shakur
Doug Rasheed

Doug Rasheed
Harold Scrap Freddie

4:57

11.
"Tradin' War Stories" (featuring Dramacydal, C-Bo and Storm)

Shakur
Mike Mosley

Mike Mosley
Rick Rock

5:29

12.
"California Love (Remix)" (featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman)

Shakur
James Anderson
Andre Young
Roger Troutman
Larry Troutman
Norman Durham
Woody Cunningham

Dr. Dre
6:25

13.
"I Ain't Mad at Cha" (featuring Danny Boy)

Shakur
Arnaud

Daz Dillinger
4:54

14.
"What'z Ya Phone #" (featuring Danny Boy)

Shakur
Jackson

Johnny "J"
2Pac

5:10

Total length:
70:25

text:
Disc 2: Book 2

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length

1.
"Can't C Me" (featuring George Clinton)

Shakur
Young

Dr. Dre
5:30

2.
"Shorty Wanna Be a Thug"

Shakur
Jackson

Johnny "J"
3:52

3.
"Holla at Me"

Shakur
Bobby Ervin

Bobby "Bobcat" Ervin
4:55

4.
"Wonda Why They Call U Bytch"

Shakur
Jackson

Johnny "J"
2Pac

4:18

5.
"When We Ride" (featuring Outlawz)

Shakur
Mark Jordan

DJ Pooh
2Pac

5:10

6.
"Thug Passion" (featuring Jewell, Dramacydal and Storm)

Shakur
Jackson
L. Troutman
R. Troutman
Shirley Murdock

Johnny "J"
2Pac

5:08

7.
"Picture Me Rollin'" (featuring Danny Boy, CPO and Big Syke)

Shakur
Jackson
Tiruss Himes

Johnny "J"
5:15

8.
"Check Out Time" (featuring Kurupt and Big Syke)

Shakur
Jackson
Himes
Brown

Johnny "J"
2Pac

4:39

9.
"Ratha Be Ya Nigga" (featuring Richie Rich)

Shakur
Rasheed

Doug Rasheed
4:14

10.
"All Eyez on Me" (featuring Big Syke)

Shakur
Jackson
James Pennington

Johnny "J"
5:08

11.
"Run tha Streetz" (featuring Michel'le, Napoleon and Storm)

Shakur
Jackson

Johnny "J"
2Pac

5:16

12.
"Ain't Hard 2 Find" (featuring D-Shot, C-Bo, B-Legit, Richie Rich and E-40)

Shakur
Mosley

Mike Mosley
Rick Rock

4:29

13.
"Heaven Ain't Hard 2 Find" (featuring Danny Boy)

Shakur
Quincy Jones III

QDIII
3:59

Total length:
61:55

text:
[show]Original UK edition bonus track

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer
Length

14.
"California Love" (short radio edit; featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman)

Shakur
James Anderson
Young
R. Troutman
L. Troutman
Durham
Cunningham

Dr. Dre
4:45

Total length:
66:40

text:
"All Bout U" features additional vocals from Nate Dogg and Snoop Dogg and uncredited vocals from Dru Down.
"Life Goes On" features Stacey Smallie additional backgrounds Nanci Fletcher
"Tradin' War Stories" features uncredited vocals from CPO.
"California Love (Remix)" features background vocals from Barbara Wilson, Nanci Fletcher and Danette Williams.
"Can't C Me" features additional vocals from George Clinton and Nanci Fletcher.
"Wonder Why They Call U Bytch" originally featured former Bad Boy Records singer Faith Evans, but her vocals were replaced.
"Check Out Time" features background vocals from Natasha Walker.
"Ratha Be Ya Nigga" features background vocals from Stacey Smallie.
Track list, writing and production credits adapted from AllMusic review, MusicBrainz database and CD booklet (available from Discogs).[56][57]

text: Sample credits[edit]

text:
Ambitionz Az a Ridah[58]

"Pee-Wee's Dance" performed by Joeski Love

All Bout U[59]

"Candy" performed by Cameo

Got My Mind Made Up[60]

"I Got My Mind Made Up (You Can Get It Girl)" performed by Instant Funk
"Sucker M.C.'s" performed by Run–D.M.C.
"Eric B. is President" performed by Eric B. & Rakim

How Do U Want It[61]

"Body Heat" performed by Quincy Jones

2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted[62]

"The Message" performed by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
Radio Activity Rapp (Let's Jam)" performed by MC Frosty and Lovin' C
"The Posse (Shoot 'Em Up)" performed by Intelligent Hoodlum

No More Pain[63]

"Bring the Pain" performed by Method Man

Heartz of Men[64]

"Darling Nikki" performed by Prince and The Revolution
"Mudbone - Intro" performed by Richard Pryor
"Up for the Down Stroke" performed by Parliament
"You're Gettin' a Little Too Smart" performed by The Detroit Emeralds
"The Back Down" performed by Richard Pryor
"Nigger With a Seizure" performed by Richard Pryor
"Jim Brown" performed by Richard Pryor

Life Goes On[65]

"Brandy (You're A Fine Girl)" performed by The O'Jays

Only God Can Judge Me[66]

"Top Billin'" performed by Audio Two

Tradin' War Stories[67]

"Too Little in Common" performed by Randy Brown

California Love (Remix)[68]

"So Ruff, So Tuff" performed by Roger Troutman
"Intimate Connection" performed by Kleeer
"Woman to Woman" by Joe Cocker
"West Coast Poplock" performed by Ronnie Hudson and The Street People
"Dance Floor" performed by Zapp

I Ain't Mad at Cha[69]

"A Dream" performed by DeBarge

What'z Ya Phone #[70]

"777-9311" performed by The Time

Can't C Me[71]

"(Not Just) Knee Deep" performed by Funkadelic
"I'm Only Out for One Thang" performed by Ice Cube
"Get Off My Dick and Tell Yo Bitch to Come Here" performed by Ice Cube
"What's My Name" performed by Snoop Dogg
"Shake, Rattle and Roll" performed by Big Joe Turner

Shorty Wanna Be a Thug[72]

"Wildflower" performed by Hank Crawford

When We Ride[73]

"What Would You Do" performed by Tha Dogg Pound

Thug Passion[74]

"Computer Love" performed by Zapp & Roger

Picture Me Rollin'[75]

"Winter Sadness" performed by Kool & the Gang
"Better Off" performed by Johnny "J"

Check Out Time[76]

"Candy Rain" performed by Soul for Real
"Just Don't Bite It" performed by N.W.A

Ratha Be Ya Nigga[77]

"I'd Rather Be with You" performed by Bootsy Collins

All Eyez on Me[78]

"Never Gonna Stop" performed by Linda Clifford

Run tha Streetz[79]

"Piece of My Love" performed by Guy

Heaven Ain't Hard 2 Find[80]

"What You Won't Do for Love" performed by Bobby Caldwell

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Credits for All Eyez on Me adapted from AllMusic and CD booklet.[81][56]

text:
2Pac — associate producer, composer, primary artist, producer
Suge Knight — executive producer
Norris Anderson — production manager
Delmar "Daz" Arnaud — composer
Dave Aron — engineer, mixing
Big Syke — featured artist
Larry Blackmon — composer
David Blake — composer, mixing, producer, talk box
B-Legit — featured artist
Bobcat — composer
Calvin Broadus — composer
R. Brown — composer
C-BO — featured artist
Larry Chatman — associate producer
Rick Clifford — engineer
G. Clinton, Jr. — composer
George Clinton — composer, featured artist, vocals
Nanci Fletcher — featured artist, vocals
Dorothy Coleman — background vocals
W. Collins — composer
Kenn Cox — composer
CPO — featured artist
Woody Cunningham — composer
Tommy D. Daugherty — engineer
Danny Boy — featured artist
Dat Nigga Daz — featured artist, producer
Robert Diggs — composer
DJ Pooh — composer, mixing, producer
Dr. Dre — composer, featured artist, mixing, producer
Tha Dogg Pound — featured artist
Nate Dogg — featured artist, vocals
Dramacydal — featured artist
Dru Down — featured artist
Norman Durham — composer
E-40 — featured artist
Ebony — background vocals
Bobby Ervin — composer, producer
Fatal — featured artist
Brian Gardner — mastering
Michael Geiser — associate engineer
Yaki Kadafi — featured artist
Nathaniel Hale — composer
C. Haskins — composer
Johnny Jackson — composer
Jewell — featured artist
Johnny "J" — mixing, producer
Puff Johnson — background vocals
Jojo the Elf — featured artist
E. Jordan — composer
Kurupt — featured artist
Alvin McGill — associate engineer, engineer
Method Man — featured artist
Michel'le — featured artist
Mike Mosley — assistant engineer, composer, mixing, producer
Nanci Fletcher — featured artist
Shirley Murdock — composer
Ken Nahoum — photography
Outlawz — featured artist
J.P. Pennington — composer
Prince — composer
George Pryce — art direction, design
QD3 — composer
Rappin' 4-Tay — featured artist
Doug Rasheed — composer, producer
Danny Ray — background vocals
Redman — featured artist
Richie Rich — featured artist
Rick Rock — producer
Patrick Shevelin — associate engineer
Carl "Butch" Small — percussion
Stacey Smallie — background vocals
C. Smith — composer
Henry "Hendogg" Smith — illustrations
Snoop Doggy Dogg — featured artist, vocals
Troy Staton — engineer
D. Stevens — composer
E. Stevens — composer
D. Stewart — composer
The Storm — featured artist
DeVanté Swing — composer, mixing, producer
Roy Tesfay — production co-ordination
Rahiem Prince Thomas — composer
S. Thomas — composer
Sean "Barney" Thomas — keyboards
Larry Troutman — composer
Roger Troutman — composer, featured artist, talk box, unknown contributor role
Natasha Walker — background vocals
Carlos Warlick — engineer, mixing
Barbara Warren — stylist, unknown contributor role
Bruce Washington — composer
Danette Williams — background vocals
Barbara Wilson — background vocals
Nanci Fletcher — background vocals
Keston Wright — engineer

text: Charts[edit]

text: Weekly charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1996)
Peak
position

Australian Albums Chart[82]
19

Belgium Charts (Flanders)[83]
44

Belgium Charts (Wallonia)[84]
34

Dutch Albums Chart[85]
11

French Albums Chart[86]
15

German Albums Chart[87]
16

New Zealand Albums Chart[88]
15

Norwegian Albums Chart[89]
14

Swedish Albums Chart[90]
5

Switzerland Albums Chart[91]
15

UK R&B Albums Charts[92]
6

UK Albums Chart[93][94]
32

US Billboard 200[95]
1

US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[95]
1

text:
Chart (2002)
Peak
position

UK Albums (Official Charts Company)[96]
65

text:
Chart (2003)
Peak
position

Irish Albums Chart[97]
62

UK Albums (Official Charts Company)[96]
74

French Albums Chart[98]
99

text: End of decade charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1990–1999)
Position

U.S. Billboard 200[99]
97

text:
Preceded by
Jagged Little Pill by Alanis Morissette
Billboard 200 number-one album
March 2, 1996 – March 15, 1996
Succeeded by
Jagged Little Pill by Alanis Morissette

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[100]
Gold
35,000^

Canada (Music Canada)[101]
Platinum
100,000^

United Kingdom (BPI)[102]
Platinum
300,000^

United States (RIAA)[103]
10× Platinum
5,000,000^

^shipments figures based on certification alone


document_title: Junk food

question_text: harmful effect of junk food on our health

text: Junk food

text: Origin of the term[edit]

text: The term junk food dates back at least to the early 1950s,[10] although it has been reported that it was coined in 1972 by Michael F. Jacobson of the Center for Science in the Public Interest.[3] In 1952, it appeared in a headline in the Lima, Ohio, News, "fish, 'Junk Foods' Cause Serious Malnutrition", for a reprint of a 1948 article from the Ogden, Utah, Standard-Examiner, originally headlined, "Dr. Brady’s Health Column: More Junk Than Food". In it, Dr. Brady writes, "What Mrs. H calls 'junk' I call cheat food. That is anything made principally of (1) white flour and or (2) refined white sugar or syrup. For example, white bread, crackers, cake, candy, ice cream soda, chocolate malted, sundaes, sweetened carbonated beverages."[11] The term cheat food can be traced back in newspaper mentions to at least 1916.[12]

text: Definitions[edit]

text: Andrew F. Smith, in his book, Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food defines junk food as "those commercial products, including candy, bakery goods, ice cream, salty snacks, and soft drinks, which have little or no nutritional value but do have plenty of calories, salt, and fats. While not all fast foods are junk foods, most are. Fast foods are ready-to-eat foods served promptly after ordering. Some fast foods are high in calories and low in nutritional value, while other fast foods, such as salads, may be low in calories and high in nutritional value."[13]

text: Junk foods have empty calories as the energetic content is not complemented with proteins and lipids required for nutritious alimentation. François Magendie showed by experiment in 1816 that dogs died when fed only sugar.[14] It has been noted that the metabolic cost of processing empty calories drains a body of resources and is debilitating.[citation needed]

text: Foods commonly considered junk foods include salted snack foods, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food, and sugary carbonated beverages.[15] Many foods such as hamburgers, pizza, and tacos can be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods.[16] The more highly processed items usually fall under the junk food category,[17] including breakfast cereals that are mostly sugar or high fructose corn syrup and white flour or milled corn.[18]

text: Especially in the case of ethnic foods, a classification as "junk food" could be perceived as rather offensive, given that such foods may have been prepared and consumed for centuries and may contain healthy ingredients.[citation needed] In the book, Panic Nation: Unpicking the Myths We're Told About Food and Health, a complementary point is argued: food is food, and if there is no nutritional value, then it isn't a food of any type, "junk" or otherwise.[19] Co-editor Vincent Marks explains, "To label a food as 'junk' is just another way of saying, 'I disapprove of it.' There are bad diets - that is, bad mixtures and quantities of food - but there are no 'bad foods' except those that have become bad through contamination or deterioration."[20]

text: Popularity and appeal[edit]

text: Junk food in its various forms is extremely popular, and an integral part of modern popular culture. In the US, annual fast food sales are in the area of $160 billion,[21] compared to supermarket sales of $620 billion[22] (a figure which also includes junk food in the form of convenience foods, snack foods, and candy). In 1976, "Junk Food Junkie", the tale of a junk food addict who pretends to follow a healthy diet by day, while at night he clandestinely gorges on Hostess Twinkies and Fritos corn chips, McDonald's and KFC, became a Top 10 pop hit in the US.[23] Thirty-six years later, Time placed the Twinkie at #1 in its "Top 10 Iconic Junk Foods" special feature: "Not only...a mainstay on our supermarket shelves and in our bellies, they've been a staple in our popular culture and, above all, in our hearts. Often criticized for its lack of any nutritional value whatsoever, the Twinkie has managed to persevere as a cultural and gastronomical icon."[24]

text: America also celebrates an annual National Junk Food Day on July 21. Origins are unclear; it is one of around 175 US food and drink days, most created by "people who want to sell more food", at times aided by elected officials at the request of a trade association or commodity group.[25] "In honor of the day," Time in 2014 published, "5 Crazy Junk Food Combinations". Headlines from other national and local media coverage include: "Celebrate National Junk Food Day With… Beer-Flavored Oreos?" (MTV);[26] "National Junk Food Day: Pick your favorite unhealthy treats in this poll" (Baltimore);[27] "Celebrities' favorite junk food" (Los Angeles);[28] "A Nutritionist's Guide to National Junk Food Day" with "Rules for Splurging" (Huffington Post);[29] and "It's National Junk Food Day: Got snacks?" (Kansas City).[30]

text: It is well-established that the poor eat more junk food overall than the more affluent, but the reasons for this are not clear.[31] Few studies have focused on variations in food perception according to socio-economic status (SES); some studies that have differentiated based on SES suggest that the economically challenged don't perceive healthy food much differently than any other segment of the population.[32] Recent research into scarcity, combining behavioral science and economics, suggests that, faced with extreme economic uncertainty, where even the next meal may not be a sure thing, judgment is impaired and the drive is to the instant gratification of junk food, rather than to making the necessary investment in the longer-term benefits of a healthier diet.[33][34]

text: Health effects[edit]

text: When junk food is consumed very often, the excess fat, carbohydrates, and processed sugar found in junk food contributes to an increased risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and many other chronic health conditions.[35] A case study on consumption of fast foods in Ghana suggested a direct correlation between consumption of junk food and obesity rates. The report asserts that obesity resulted to related complex health concerns such upsurge of heart attack rates.[36] Studies reveal that as early as the age of 30, arteries could begin clogging and lay the groundwork for future heart attacks.[37] Consumers also tend to eat too much in one sitting, and those who have satisfied their appetite with junk food are less likely to eat healthy foods like fruit, vegetables or dairy products.[38]

text: Testing on rats has indicated negative effects of junk food that may manifest likewise in people. A Scripps Research Institute study in 2008 suggested that junk food consumption alters brain activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine and heroin. After many weeks with unlimited access to junk food, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pleasure; after the junk food was taken away and replaced with a healthy diet, the rats starved for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare.[39][40] A 2007 study in the British Journal of Nutrition found that female rats who eat junk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their offspring.[41]

text: Other research has been done on the impact of sugary foods on emotional health in humans, and has suggested that consumption of junk food can negatively impact energy levels and emotional well-being.[42]

text: Anti-junk food measures[edit]

text: A number of countries have adopted, or are considering, various forms of legislated action to curb junk food consumption. In 2014, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to health, Anand Grover, released his report, "Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health", and called for governments to "take measures, such as developing food and nutrition guidelines for healthy diets, regulating marketing and advertising of junk food, adopting consumer-friendly labelling of food products, and establishing accountability mechanisms for violations of the right to health."[43]

text: An early, high-profile and controversial attempt to identify and curb junk food in the American diet was launched by the so-called McGovern Committee, formally, the United States Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, between 1968 and 1977, chaired by Senator George McGovern. Initially formed to investigate malnutrition and hunger in the US, the committee's scope progressively expanded to include environmental conditions that affected eating habits, like urban decay,[44] then focused on the diet and nutritional habits of the American public. It criticized the use of salt, sugar and fat in processed foods, noted problems with overeating and the high percentage of ads for junk food on TV, and stated that bad eating habits could be as deadly as smoking. The findings were heavily criticized and rebutted from many directions, including the food industry, the American Medical Association, and within the committee itself. In 1977, the committee issued public guidelines under the title, Dietary Goals for the United States, which became the predecessor to Dietary Guidelines for Americans, published every five years beginning in 1980 by the US Department of Health and Human Services.[45][46]

text: Taxation[edit]

text: In an attempt to reduce junk food consumption through price control, forms of Pigovian taxation have been implemented. Targeting saturated fat consumption, Denmark introduced the world's first fat-food tax in October, 2011, by imposing a surcharge on all foods, including those made from natural ingredients, that contain more than 2.3 percent saturated fat, an unpopular measure that lasted a little over a year.[47][48][49] Hungary has also imposed a tax on packaged foods that contain unhealthy concentrations, such as beverages containing more than 20 mg of caffeine per 100 ml.[50] Norway taxes refined sugar, and Mexico has various excises on unhealthy food.[51] On April 1, 2015, the first fat tax in the US, the Navajo Nation's Healthy Diné Nation Act of 2014, mandating a 2% junk food tax, came into effect, covering the 27,000 sq. mi. of Navajo reservation; the Act targeted problems with obesity and diabetes among the Navajo population.[52]

text: Advertising restriction[edit]

text: Junk food that is targeted at children is a contentious issue. In "The Impact of Advertising on Childhood obesity", the American Psychological Association reports: "Research has found strong associations between increases in advertising for non-nutritious foods and rates of childhood obesity."[53] In the UK, efforts to increasingly limit or eliminate advertising of foods high in sugar, salt or fat at any time when children may be viewing are ongoing.[54] The UK government has been criticized for failing to do enough to stop advertising and promotion of junk food aimed at children.[55]

text: Controversy over junk food promotions during Australian cricket matches was reported in the news media in early 2015. A Wollongong University study showed that junk food sponsors were mentioned over 1,000 times in a single match broadcast, which included ads and branding worn on players' uniforms and on the scoreboard and pitch. A coalition of Australian obesity, cancer and diabetes organizations called on Cricket Australia, the sport's governing body, to "phase out sponsorships with unhealthy brands", emphasizing that cricket is a "healthy, family-oriented sport" with children in the audience. Many countries have restricted advertising of junk food.[56]

text: Behavior problems[edit]

text: In a study by the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the frequency of consumption of 57 foods/drinks of 4000 children at the age of four and a half were collected by maternal report. At age seven the 4000 children were given the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The test was divided into 5 sections: Hyperactivity, peer problems, emotional symptoms and pro-social behavior. A one standard deviation increase in junk food was then linked to excessive hyperactivity in 33% of the 4000 children. In conclusion, children with excess junk food at four and a half are more likely to be in the top third of the hyperactivity sub-scale; however, there is not enough correlation between junk food and the other sub-scales such as emotional symptoms and peer problems.[57]


document_title: Santa Rosa County, Florida

question_text: what cities are in santa rosa county florida

text: Santa Rosa County, Florida

text: History[edit]

text: Santa Rosa County was created in 1842. It was named for the Roman Catholic saint, Rosa de Viterbo.[3]

text: Santa Rosa County repealed its prohibition on alcohol in 2007.[4]

text: Geography[edit]

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,174 square miles (3,040 km2), of which 1,012 square miles (2,620 km2) is land and 162 square miles (420 km2) (13.8%) is water.[5]

text: National protected area[edit]

text: Choctawhatchee National Forest (part)

text: Regions[edit]

text: Santa Rosa County can be divided into three distinct sections: South Santa Rosa, Central Santa Rosa, and North Santa Rosa. The sections are centered on the main east/west roads that pass through the county.

text: South Santa Rosa County comprises the area from Holley and Navarre in the east to Gulf Breeze at the western end of the Gulf Breeze Peninsula (Fairpoint Peninsula), and along U.S. Highway 98. A section of Santa Rosa Island, containing the unincorporated community of Navarre Beach, is also part of South Santa Rosa County. Major bodies of water including Santa Rosa Sound, Pensacola Bay and East Bay strongly influence the housing and life style of citizens in the southern part of the county. This fast-growing region serves primarily as "bedroom communities" for Pensacola to the west and Hurlburt Field, Fort Walton Beach, and Eglin Air Force Base to the east. The U.S. Navy presence is marked by Whiting Field, NOLF Spencer Field and the former Ellyson Field.

text: Central Santa Rosa County is the area north of the bays and south of the extensive forests separating it from North Santa Rosa. The central section developed along "The Old Spanish Trail" that ran from St. Augustine on the Atlantic Ocean all the way to New Orleans, and further points west. Today, U.S. Highway 90 closely parallels the old trail. The county seat, Milton is located where the trail crossed the Blackwater River. To the west of Milton, the fast-growing community of Pace has turned the west central part of the county into one large "bedroom community" for people who work in the industries here and in Escambia County, to the west. Interstate 10 also passes through this section of the county.

text: Northern Santa Rosa County is forest and farming country. The only town in the north is Jay. Most development has been along State Road 4 which runs through the northern sections of Escambia, Santa Rosa, and Okaloosa counties. A large oil and natural gas field around Jay produced a great deal of oil, and made many farmers millionaires in the 1970s and 1980s, but the field has been depleted and is producing little oil today. The citizens have, for the most part, returned to farming and forestry for their livelihoods.

text: State Road 87 traverses the county from north to south, between U.S. Highway 98 and the border with Escambia County, Alabama near Brewton, where it connects with State Route 41. This road is a primary emergency evacuation route for the county during hurricanes.

text: Adjacent counties[edit]

text:
Escambia County, Alabama - north
Okaloosa County, Florida - east
Escambia County, Florida - west

text: Government[edit]

text:
Santa Rosa County vote
by party in presidential elections[6]

Year
Republican
Democratic

2016
73.7% 65,339
20.8% 18,464

2012
75.5% 58,186
23.1% 17,768

2008
73.3% 55,972
25.5% 19,470

2004
77.4% 52,059
21.8% 14,659

2000
72.1% 36,339
25.4% 12,818

1996
62.0% 26,301
25.8% 10,936

1992
52.9% 17,339
20.0% 6,556

1988
77.9% 18,973
21.6% 5,254

1984
82.0% 21,265
17.9% 4,649

1980
63.9% 13,802
32.3% 6,964

1976
52.4% 9,122
46.1% 8,020

1972
88.9% 12,669
10.5% 1,491

1968
20.2% 2,567
12.6% 1,600

1964
62.6% 5,983
37.4% 3,570

1960
35.9% 2,777
64.1% 4,960

text: Board of County Commissioners[edit]

text: The Board of County Commissioners serves as the legislative and policy setting body of Santa Rosa County as established under Section 125 of the Florida Statutes. As such, the Board enacts all legislation and authorizes programs and expenditures within the County. The Board appoints a professionally trained County Administrator who is responsible for policy and budget development and implementation.

text: The Board comprises five members, elected countywide. Each member must reside within particular district for which seat he/she seeks election. Each year the Board organizes itself selecting a Chair and Vice-Chair from among its members to preside at Commission meetings.

text: Current Santa Rosa County Commissioners

text:
District
Commissioner

1 (Pace)
Sam Parker

2 (Milton/Central to Northeastern Region)
Bob Cole

3 (Jay/Central to Northwestern Region)
Don Salter

4 (Navarre/Southeastern Region)
Rob Williamson

5 (Gulf Breeze/Southwestern Region)
Lane Lynchard

text: The Commission meets in regular session beginning at 9:00 a.m. the second and fourth Thursday of the month in the Commissioner's Board Room in the Administrative Center, 6495 Caroline Street, in Milton. Called meetings and workshops are scheduled periodically and are advertised and open to the public.

text: County officials[edit]

text:
Office
Officeholder

Supervisor of Elections
Tappie A Villane

Property Appraiser
Greg Brown

Sheriff
Bob Johnson

Tax Collector
Stan Colie Nichols

Clerk of Courts
Donald C Spencer, Esq.

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±

1850
2,883

—

1860
5,480

90.1%

1870
3,312

−39.6%

1880
6,645

100.6%

1890
7,961

19.8%

1900
10,293

29.3%

1910
14,897

44.7%

1920
13,670

−8.2%

1930
14,083

3.0%

1940
16,085

14.2%

1950
18,554

15.3%

1960
29,547

59.2%

1970
37,741

27.7%

1980
55,988

48.3%

1990
81,608

45.8%

2000
117,743

44.3%

2010
151,372

28.6%

Est. 2016
170,497
[7]
12.6%

U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10]
1990-2000[11] 2010-2015[1]

text: As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 117,743 people, 43,793 households, and 33,326 families residing in the county. The population density was 116 people per square mile (45/km²). There were 49,119 housing units at an average density of 48 per square mile (19/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 90.72% White, 4.25% Black or African American, 1.01% Native American, 1.30% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 1.98% from two or more races. 2.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

text: There were 43,793 households out of which 36.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.20% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.90% were non-families. 19.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.00.

text: In the county, the population was spread out with 26.60% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 11.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 100.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.90 males.

text: The median income for a household in the county was $41,881, and the median income for a family was $46,929. Males had a median income of $34,878 versus $22,304 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,089. About 7.90% of families and 9.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.60% of those under age 18 and 7.50% of those age 65 or over.

text: Libraries[edit]

text: The Santa Rosa County Library System has 5 branches.

text:
Gulf Breeze
Jay
Milton
Pace
Navarre

text: Communities[edit]

text: Cities[edit]

text:
Gulf Breeze
Milton

text: Town[edit]

text: Jay

text: Census-designated places[edit]

text:
Allentown
Avalon
Bagdad
Berrydale
Brownsdale
Chumuckla
Cobbtown
Dickerson City
Dixonville
East Milton
Fidelis
Floridatown
Garcon Point
Harold
Holley
Midway
Mount Carmel
Mulat
Munson
Navarre
Navarre Beach
Oriole Beach
Pace
Pea Ridge
Pine Level
Springhill
Tiger Point
Wallace
Whitfield
Woodlawn Beach

text: Politics[edit]

text:
Santa Rosa County vote
by party in presidential elections[13]

Year
Republican
Democratic
Third parties

2016
73.68% 65,339
20.82% 18,464
5.50% 4,881

2012
75.51% 58,186
23.06% 17,768
1.44% 1,106

2008
73.28% 55,972
25.49% 19,470
1.22% 935

2004
77.35% 52,059
21.78% 14,659
0.88% 589

2000
72.10% 36,339
25.43% 12,818
2.47% 1,245

1996
62.02% 26,301
25.79% 10,936
12.20% 5,173

1992
52.90% 17,339
20.00% 6,556
27.10% 8,882

1988
77.85% 18,973
21.56% 5,254
0.59% 143

1984
82.04% 21,265
17.94% 4,649
0.02% 6

1980
63.93% 13,802
32.26% 6,964
3.82% 824

1976
52.39% 9,122
46.06% 8,020
1.55% 270

1972
88.94% 12,669
10.47% 1,491
0.60% 85

1968
20.19% 2,567
12.58% 1,600
67.23% 8,549

1964
62.63% 5,983
37.37% 3,570

1960
35.89% 2,777
64.11% 4,960

1956
31.54% 1,909
68.46% 4,144

1952
28.50% 1,744
71.50% 4,375

1948
15.58% 549
65.72% 2,316
18.70% 659

1944
24.85% 862
75.15% 2,607

1940
18.40% 656
81.60% 2,910

1936
20.23% 744
79.77% 2,934

1932
10.09% 315
89.91% 2,806

1928
73.97% 1,628
24.58% 541
1.45% 32

1924
23.34% 229
70.64% 693
6.01% 59

1920
28.88% 333
70.51% 813
0.61% 7

1916
10.23% 111
82.58% 896
7.19% 78

1912
7.84% 70
66.29% 592
25.87% 231

1908
26.40% 212
66.63% 535
6.97% 56

1904
13.30% 73
73.41% 403
13.30% 73

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Airports[edit]

text:
Fort Walton Beach Airport
Peter Prince Field

text: Highways[edit]