document_title: College basketball

question_text: when did college basketball switch to 4 quarters

text: College basketball

text: History[edit]

text: The history of basketball can be traced back to a YMCA International Training School, known today as Springfield College, located in Springfield, Massachusetts. The sport was created by a physical education teacher named James Naismith, who in the winter of 1891 was given the task of creating a game that would keep track athletes in shape and that would prevent them from getting hurt. The date of the first formal basketball game played at the Springfield YMCA Training School under Naismith's rules is generally given as December 21, 1891.[1][2][3] Basketball began to be played at some college campuses by 1893.[4]

text: Collegiate firsts[edit]

text: The first known college to field a basketball team against an outside opponent was Vanderbilt University, which played against the local YMCA in Nashville, Tennessee, on February 7, 1893.[4] The second recorded instance of an organized college basketball game was Geneva College's game against the New Brighton YMCA on April 8, 1893, in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, which Geneva won 3–0.[4]

text: The first recorded game between two college teams occurred on February 9, 1895, when Hamline University faced Minnesota A&M (which later became a part of the University of Minnesota).[4][5] Minnesota A&M won the game, which was played under rules allowing nine players per side, 9–3.[5] The first intercollegiate match using the modern rule of five players per side is often credited as a game between the University of Chicago and the University of Iowa, in Iowa City, Iowa, on January 18, 1896.[4][6] The Chicago team won the game 15-12, under the coaching of Amos Alonzo Stagg, who had learned the game from James Naismith at the Springfield YMCA.[5][6] However, some sources state the first "true" five-on-five intercollegiate match was a game in 1897 between Yale and Penn, because although the Iowa team that played Chicago in 1896 was composed of University of Iowa students, it reportedly did not officially represent the university, rather it was organized through a YMCA.[5] By 1900, the game of basketball had spread to colleges across the country.

text: Tournaments[edit]

text: The Amateur Athletic Union's annual U.S. national championship tournament (first played in 1898) often featured collegiate teams playing against non-college teams. Four colleges won the AAU tournament championship: Utah (1916), NYU (1920), Butler (1924) and Washburn (1925). College teams were also runners-up in 1915, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1932 and 1934.

text: The first known tournament featuring exclusively college teams was the 1904 Summer Olympics, where basketball was a demonstration sport, and a collegiate championship tournament was held.[7] The Olympic title was won by Hiram College.[7] In March 1908, a two-game "championship series" was organized between the University of Chicago and Penn, with games played in Philadelphia and Bartlett, Illinois. Chicago swept both games to win the series.[8][9]

text: In March 1922, the 1922 National Intercollegiate Basketball Tournament was held in Indianapolis – the first stand-alone post-season tournament exclusively for college teams. The champions of six major conferences participated: Pacific Coast Conference, Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, Western Pennsylvania League, Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The Western Conference and Eastern Intercollegiate League declined invitations to participate.[10] Wabash College won the 1922 tournament.

text: The first organization to tout a regularly occurring national collegiate championship was the NAIA in 1937, although it was quickly surpassed in prestige by the National Invitation Tournament, or NIT, which brought six teams to New York's Madison Square Garden in the spring of 1938.[5] Temple defeated Colorado in the first NIT tournament championship game, 60–36.[5]

text: NCAA tournament[edit]

text: In 1939, another national tournament was implemented by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The location of the NCAA Tournament varied from year to year, and it soon used multiple locations each year, so more fans could see games without traveling to New York. Although the NIT was created earlier and was more prestigious than the NCAA for many years, it ultimately lost popularity and status to the NCAA Tournament. In 1950, following a double win by the 1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team (when the NIT comprised 12 and the NCAA 8 teams), the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments, and effectively indicated that a team eligible for the NCAA tournament should play in it.[11] Not long afterward, assisted by the 1951 scandals based in New York City, the NCAA tournament had become more prestigious than before, with conference champions and the majority of top-ranked teams competing there.[12] The NCAA tournament eventually overtook the NIT by 1960. Through the 1960s and 1970s, with UCLA leading the way as winner of ten NCAA Tournament championships, a shift in power to teams from the west amplified the shift of attention away from the New York City-based NIT. When the NCAA tournament expanded its field of teams from 25 to 32 in 1975, to 48 in 1980, to 64 in 1985, and to 68 teams in 2011, interest in the NCAA tournament increased again and again, as it comprised more and more teams, soon including all of the strongest ones. (Expansion also improved the distribution of playing locations, which number roughly one-third the number of teams in the field.)

text: In 2011, the NCAA field expanded to 68 teams and the last 8 teams playing for four spots making the field into 64, which is called the first round and so on. The former first round is called the second round, the second round is called the third round, and the Sweet Sixteen is the same, but it is technically the fourth round in the current format, etc.[13]

text: In 2016, the field did not expand, but the round numbers changed again. The first four games containing the last 8 teams is now referred to as the first four. Consequently, the first round does not start until the first four games are out of the way and the field is narrowed to 64 teams. So after the first four games the first round starts instead of that being the second round. The Second is now when there are 32 teams left, the sweet sixteen is the third round, and so on.[14]

text: Original rules[edit]

text: The original rules for basketball were very different from today's modern rules of the sport, including the use of 8 players per side. In the beginning James Naismith established 13 original rules:

text:
The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist.
A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, with allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed.
The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it.
No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking, or tripping in any way of an opponent is allowed. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.
A foul will be called when a player is seen striking at the ball with the fist, or when violations of rules 3 and 4 and such as described in rule 5 have been made.
If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents ("consecutive" means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).
A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to rule 5.
The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between.
The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner.

tag: ol

text: History of NCAA Basketball Rule Changes[edit]

text: The following is a list of some of the major NCAA Basketball rule changes with the year they went into effect.[15][16]

text:
Season
Rule Change

1891–92
The first set of women's rules is created.

1900–01
A dribbler may not shoot for a field goal and may dribble only once, and then with two hands.

1908–09
A dribbler is permitted to shoot. The dribble is defined as the "continuous passage of the ball," making the double dribble illegal.
Players are disqualified upon committing their fourth personal foul (women).

1910–11
Players are disqualified upon committing their fourth personal foul (men).
No coaching is allowed during the progress of the game by anybody connected with either team. A warning is given for the first violation and a free throw is awarded after that.

1917–18
Players are disqualified upon committing their fifth personal foul (women only).

1920–21
The basket is moved to two feet from the baseline. Previously the players could climb the padded wall to get closer to the basket (with the new rule the wall is out of bounds).
A player can re-enter a game once. Before this rule, if a player left the game, he could not re-enter for the rest of the game.

1921–22
Running with the ball was changed from a foul to a violation.

1923–24
The player fouled must shoot his own free throws. Before this rule, one person usually shot all the free throws for a team.

1928–29
The charging foul by the dribbler is introduced.

1930–31
A held ball may be called when a closely guarded player is withholding the ball from play for 5 seconds.

1932–33
The 10-second (mid-court) line is introduced to reduce stalling (men only).
No player with the ball may stand in the free throw lane for more than 3 seconds.

1933–34
A player may re-enter a game twice.

1935–36
No offensive player (with or without the ball) may stand in the free throw lane for more than 3 seconds.

1937–38
The center jump after every made basket is eliminated.

1938–39
The ball will be thrown in from out of bounds at mid-court by the team shooting a free throw after a technical foul. Previously, the ball was put into play by a center jump after the technical free throw.

1939–40
Teams have the option of taking a free throw or taking the ball at midcourt.

1942–43
Any player who has yet to foul out, will be allowed to receive a fifth foul in overtime.

1944–45
Defensive goaltending is banned.
Five personal fouls disqualifies a player; no extra foul is permitted in overtime (men).
Unlimited substitution is allowed.
Offensive players cannot stand in the free throw lane for more than 3 seconds.

1948–49
Coaches are allowed to speak to players during a timeout.

1951–52
Games are to be played in four 10-minute quarters. Previously it was two 20-minute halves.

1952–53
Teams can no longer waive free throws and take the ball at midcourt.

1954–55
The one-and-one free throw is introduced allowing a player to take a second free throw if the first one is made.
Games return to two 20-minute halves.

1955–56
The two-shot penalty in existence for the last 3 minutes of each half is eliminated; the one-and-one free throw exists for the whole game.

1956–57
The free-throw lane is increased from 6 feet to 12 feet in width.
On the lineup for a free throw, the two spaces adjacent to the end line must be occupied by opponents of the shooter. In the past, one space was marked 'H' for the home team, and one 'V' for the visitors.
Grasping the rim is ruled unsportsmanlike conduct.

1957–58
Offensive goaltending is now banned.
One free throw for each common foul for the first six personal fouls in a half, and the one-and-one is used thereafter.

1967–68
The dunk is made illegal during the game and during warmups.

1969–70
Women's basketball introduces the five-player full-court game on an experimental basis.

1971–72
The five-player full-court game becomes mandatory for women's basketball.
The 30-second shot clock is introduced (women only).

1972–73
The free throw on the common foul for the first six personal fouls in a half is eliminated.
An official can charge a technical foul on a player for unsportsmanlike conduct if the official deems the player 'flopped' to get a charging call.
Freshmen are now eligible to play varsity basketball.

1973–74
Officials can now penalize players away from the ball for fouls for acts such as holding, grabbing and illegal screens.

1976–77
The dunk is made legal again.

1981–82
The jump ball is eliminated except for the start of the first and second half, and overtime if necessary. An alternating arrow will indicate possession of the ball in jump-ball situations in a game (men only).

1982–83
When a closely guarded player is guarded for 5 seconds, a jump ball is no longer required. Instead a turnover is created and the ball goes to the other team.

1983–84
Two free throws are issued if a foul occurs in the last two minutes of a half or in overtime (men only). This rule was rescinded a month into the season, before the start of conference play.

1984–85
A new, smaller ball ("size 6"; 28.5 inches circumference, 18 ounces) is introduced for women's play.

1985–86
The 45-second shot clock is introduced for men's play.
If a shooter is intentionally fouled and the basket is missed, the shooter will get two free throws and the team will get possession of the ball.

1986–87
A three-point shot was introduced, with the line a uniform 19′ 9″ from the center of the basket. Mandatory for men's basketball; experimental for women's.
The men's alternating possession rule is extended to the women's game.

1987–88
The men's three-point line was made mandatory for women's basketball.
Each intentional personal foul gives the non-fouling team two free throws and possession of the ball (men only).
The NCAA adopts a single rule book for men's and women's basketball for the first time, although some rules differ between the sexes to this day.

1988–89
The men's rule regarding intentional fouls is extended to the women's game.

1990–91
Beginning with a team's 10th foul in a half, two free throws (the so-called "double bonus") are to be awarded for each non-shooting personal foul on the defense, and each loose-ball foul (men only).
Three free throws are awarded when a shooter is fouled from three-point range and misses the shot (both men and women).

1993–94
The men's shot clock is reduced from 45 seconds to 35 seconds.
The game clock will be stopped with successful baskets in the last minute of each half and in the last minute of overtime, with no substitution permitted.The 5-second rule regarding closely guarded players is eliminated.

1994–95
Scoring is restricted to a tap-in when 0.3 seconds or less remains on the game clock (men and women).

1997–98
The 5-second rule regarding closely guarded players is reinstated.
Timeouts can be made be players on the court or the head coach.
The "double bonus" introduced to the men's game in 1990 is extended to the women's game.

1998–99
In a held ball situation initiated by the defense, the defense shall gain possession of the ball regardless of the possession arrow.

1999–2000
The held ball rule from 1998–99 was rescinded.
Maximum of five players occupying lane spaces during free throws in women's play (two from the shooting team, three from the defending team).

2000–01
In women's play only, if the defending team commits a foul during a throw-in after a made basket or free throw, the team putting the ball in play retains the right to run the end line during the subsequent throw-in.

2001–02
In women's play, six players now allowed in lane spaces (four defenders, two offensive players). Additionally, the defensive players nearest the basket are now required to line up in the second space from the basket.

2005–06
Kicked balls will no longer reset the shot clock. If the violation occurs with less than 15 seconds, the clock will be reset to 15 seconds.

2006–07
A timeout called by an airborne player falling out of bounds will not be recognized.

2007–08
The women's rule regarding lane alignment during free throws (maximum of four defenders and two offensive players, with the nearest defenders on the second space from the basket) is extended to the men's game.

2008–09
Three-point arc extended to 20′ 9″ from the center of the basket for men's play only.
Referees may use instant replay to determine if a flagrant foul has been committed and who started the incident.
When the entire ball is over the level of the basket during a shot and touches the backboard, it is a goaltending violation if the ball is subsequently touched, even if still moving upward.

2011–12
Women's three-point arc extended to match men's arc.
Restricted area arc created 3 feet from the center of the basket (men and women). When an offensive player makes contact with a defender who establishes position within this area, the resulting foul is blocking on the defender.

2013–14
10-second backcourt rule introduced (women only).
Any timeout called within the 30 seconds preceding a scheduled media timeout break replaces the media timeout (women only).

2015–16
The men's shot clock changed to 30 seconds, making it identical to the women's shot clock.
Coaches prohibited from calling timeouts from the bench in live-ball situations; players remain free to do so.
Restricted area arc extended from 3 feet to 4 feet from the center of the basket (men only).
Dunks are permitted during warm-ups.
Number of timeouts for each team reduced from 5 to 4.
Women's basketball changed from 20-minute halves to 10-minute quarters.
In women's basketball, bonus free throws come into effect on the fifth team foul in a quarter; all bonus free throw situations result in two free throws.
The women's rule regarding timeouts within 30 seconds of a scheduled media timeout was extended to the men's game.

2016–17
Coaches allowed to call timeouts from the bench during inbounds plays before the pass is released.

2017–18
Men only: The shot clock will be reset to 20 seconds, or the amount remaining on the shot clock if greater, when the ball is inbounded in the frontcourt after (1) a defensive foul or (2) a deliberate kick or fisting of the ball by the defense.
Men only: If an injured player is unable to shoot free throws as the result of a flagrant foul, or if the player is bleeding, only his substitute can shoot the ensuing free throws.
Men only: When the ball is legally touched inbounds and an official immediately signals a clock stoppage, a minimum of 0.3 seconds must elapse on the game clock.
Men only: A player dunking the ball may hold onto the rim to prevent injury to himself or another player, even if it would result in another violation.
Women only: No new 10-second backcourt count awarded if the team in possession is granted and charged a timeout.
Women's basketball adopted the men's 4-foot restricted area arc.
Women only: Abandoned the "flagrant-1" and "flagrant-2" foul designations in favor of the FIBA standard of "unsportsmanlike" and "disqualifying" fouls. The new "unsportsmanlike" designation now includes contact dead-ball technicals.

text: One-and-Done Rule[edit]

text: The One-and-Done rule has been a part of the Collegiate Basketball since 2006, the first NBA draft it affected. The rule was created by NBA Commissioner, David Stern, which changed the draft age from 18 years old to 19 years old. This age change made it to where players could not be drafted into the NBA straight out of high school. Instead, however, they usually went to a college to play only one season before entering the following NBA draft when they are eligible, hence the name One-and-Done.[citation needed] The first player to be drafted during this "one-and-done era" was Tyrus Thomas, a forward out of Louisiana State, who was drafted fourth overall in 2007.[citation needed]

text: Conferences[edit]

text: NCAA Division I[edit]

text: In 2017–18, a total of 351 schools are playing men's basketball in 32 Division I basketball conferences. All of these schools also sponsor women's basketball except The Citadel and VMI, two military colleges that were all-male until the 1990s and remain overwhelmingly male today.

text: The conferences for 2017–18 are:

text:
America East Conference
American Athletic Conference
Atlantic 10 Conference
Atlantic Coast Conference
Atlantic Sun Conference
Big 12 Conference
Big East Conference
Big Sky Conference
Big South Conference
Big Ten Conference
Big West Conference
Colonial Athletic Association
Conference USA
Horizon League
Ivy League
Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
Mid-American Conference
Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference
Missouri Valley Conference
Mountain West Conference
Northeast Conference
Ohio Valley Conference
Pac-12 Conference
Patriot League
Southeastern Conference
Southern Conference
Southland Conference
Southwestern Athletic Conference
Sun Belt Conference
Summit League
West Coast Conference
Western Athletic Conference

text: In the early decades of college basketball, and well into the 1970s, many schools played as independents, with no conference membership. However, the rise of televised college sports in the 1980s led to the formation of many new conferences and the expansion of previously existing conferences. The last Division I school to play as an independent in basketball was NJIT, which was forced to go independent in 2013 after the collapse of its former all-sports league, the Great West Conference. NJIT joined the Atlantic Sun Conference in 2015, leaving no Division I basketball independents.

text: NCAA Division II[edit]

text: There are 24 Division II basketball conferences. The conferences are as follows:

text:
California Collegiate Athletic Association
Central Atlantic Collegiate Conference
Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association
Conference Carolinas
East Coast Conference
Great American Conference
Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
Great Lakes Valley Conference
Great Midwest Athletic Conference
Great Northwest Athletic Conference
Gulf South Conference
Heartland Conference
Lone Star Conference
Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association
Mountain East Conference
Northeast-10 Conference
Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference
Pacific West Conference
Peach Belt Conference
Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference
Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference
South Atlantic Conference
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
Sunshine State Conference

text: There are 2 independent Division II schools without conference affiliations for the 2016–17 season.

text: The most recent change in the list of Division II conferences came after the 2012–13 season, when the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC) folded. In June 2012, the conference's nine football-playing members announced a split from the six non-football schools. Eight of the nine schools that announced the split eventually joined with one WVIAC non-football member and three other institutions to form the Mountain East Conference, which began play in the 2013–14 season. Of the remaining schools, three joined the Great Midwest Athletic Conference and two joined the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference, with one becoming independent.

text: NCAA Division III[edit]

text:
Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference
American Collegiate Athletic Association
American Southwest Conference[a]
Capital Athletic Conference
Centennial Conference[a]
City University of New York Athletic Conference
College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin[a]
Colonial States Athletic Conference
Commonwealth Coast Conference[a]
Empire 8 Conference[a]
Great Northeast Athletic Conference
Great South Athletic Conference
Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference[a]
Iowa Intercollegiate Athletic Conference[a]
Landmark Conference
Liberty League[a]
Little East Conference
MAC Commonwealth Conference[b]
MAC Freedom Conference[b]
Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference[a]
Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association[a]
Midwest Conference[a]
Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference[a]
New England Collegiate Conference
New England Small College Athletic Conference[a]
New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference[a]
New Jersey Athletic Conference[a]
North Atlantic Conference
North Coast Athletic Conference[a]
North Eastern Athletic Conference
Northern Athletics Collegiate Conference[a]
Northwest Conference[a]
Ohio Athletic Conference[a]
Old Dominion Athletic Conference[a]
Presidents' Athletic Conference[a]
St. Louis Intercollegiate Athletic Conference[a]
Skyline Conference
Southern Athletic Association[a]
Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference[a]
Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference
State University of New York Athletic Conference
University Athletic Association[a]
Upper Midwest Athletic Conference[a]
USA South Athletic Conference[a]
Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference[a]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Conference sponsors football.
^ Jump up to: a b This is one of the three leagues operated by the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC). It does not sponsor football, but several of its members play football in the MAC's Middle Atlantic Conference.

text: NAIA Division I and II[edit]

text:
American Midwest Conference (AMC)
Appalachian Athletic Conference (AAC)
California Pacific Conference (CAL-PAC)
Cascade Collegiate Conference
Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference (CCAC)
Crossroads League (CL)
Frontier Conference
Golden State Athletic Conference (GSAC)
Great Plains Athletic Conference (GPAC)
Gulf Coast Athletic Conference (GCAC)
Heart of America Athletic Conference (HAAC)

Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC)
Midlands Collegiate Athletic Conference
Mid-South Conference (MSC)
Midwest Collegiate Conference (MCC)
North Star Athletic Association (NSAA)
Red River Athletic Conference (RRAC)
River States Conference (RSC)
Sooner Athletic Conference (SAC)
Southern States Athletic Conference (SSAC)
The Sun Conference (TSC)
Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference (WHAC)

text: National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA) Divisions I and II[edit]

text:
Central Region
East Region
Mid-East Region
Mid-West Region
North Central Region
South Region
Southwest Region
West Region

text: National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Divisions I,II, and III[edit]

text:
Alabama Community College Conference
Arizona Community College Athletic Conference
Arrowhead Conference
Bi-State Conference
Carolinas Junior College Conference
Colorado Community College Athletic Conference
Eastern Pennsylvania Collegiate Conference
Garden State Athletic Conference
Georgia Junior College Athletic Association
Great Rivers Athletic Conference
Illinois N4C Conference
Illinois Skyway Conference
Iowa Community College Athletic Conference
Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference
Maryland Junior College Athletic Conference
Massachusetts Community College Athletic Association
Metro Athletic Conference
Michigan Community College Athletic Association
Mid-Florida Conference
Mid Hudson Conference
Mid-State Athletic Conference
Mid-West Athletic Conference
Minnesota College Athletic Conference
Mississippi Association of Community & Junior Colleges
MISS-LOU Junior College Conference
Missouri Community College Athletic Conference
Mon-Dak Conference
Mountain Valley Conference
NJCAA Region 9
North Texas Junior College Athletic Conference
Northeast JC Football Conference
Ohio Community College Athletic Conference
Panhandle Conference
Pennsylvania Collegiate Athletic Association
Scenic West Athletic Conference
Southern Conference
Southwest Junior College Conference
Southwest Junior College Football Conference
Suncoast Conference
Tennessee Junior and Community College Athletic Association
Western Junior College Athletic Conference
Western New York Athletic Conference
Western Pennsylvania Collegiate Conference
Western States Football League
Wyoming Community College Athletic Conference

text: California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA)[edit]

text:
Bay Valley Conference
Big 8 Conference (California)
Central Valley Conference
Coast Conference
Foothill Athletic Conference
Golden Valley Conference
Orange Empire Conference
Pacific Coast Athletic Conference (CCCAA)
South Coast Conference
Western State Conference

text: United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA)[edit]

text:
Penn State University Athletic Conference
Yankee Small College Conference

text: Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC)[edit]

text:
Northern Region
Southern Region
Eastern Region
Western Region

text: Association of Christian College Athletics (ACCA)[edit]

text: Midwest Christian College Conference

text: Independent conferences[edit]

text:
Liga Atlética Interuniversitaria de Puerto Rico
Manitoba Colleges Athletic Conference
Northern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
Pacific Christian Athletic Conference
Wisconsin Collegiate Conference

text: Relationship to professional basketball[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In past decades, the NBA held to tradition and drafted players who had graduated from college. This was a mutually beneficial relationship for the NBA and colleges—the colleges held onto players who would otherwise go professional, and the NBA did not have to fund a minor league. As the college game became commercialized, though, it became increasingly difficult for "student athletes" to be students. A growing number of poor and under-educated, but highly talented, teenage basketball players found the system exploitative—they brought in funds to schools where they learned little and played without income.

text: The American Basketball Association began to employ players who had not yet graduated from college. After a season of junior college, a season at the University of Detroit, and an Olympic gold medal, Spencer Haywood played the 1969–70 season with the ABA's Denver Rockets. He signed with the NBA's Seattle SuperSonics in 1970, before his college class graduation, defying NBA rules. Haywood pleaded that, as his family's sole wage earner, he should be allowed to earn a living in the NBA or else his family would face destitution. The ensuing legal battle went to the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled in 1971 that the NBA does not have the same antitrust exemption enjoyed by Major League Baseball. Thereafter, collegiate players demonstrating economic hardship were allowed early entry into the NBA draft. The hardship requirement was eliminated in 1976.

text: In 1974, Moses Malone joined the Utah Stars of the American Basketball Association (which became part of the NBA after the ABA–NBA merger in 1976) straight out of high school and went on to a Hall of Fame career. The past 30 years have seen a remarkable change in the college game. The best international players routinely skip college entirely, many American stars skip college (Kevin Garnett, Kobe Bryant, Tracy McGrady, Dwight Howard, Amar'e Stoudemire, and LeBron James) or only play one year (Carmelo Anthony, Chris Bosh, Kevin Durant, and John Wall), and only a dozen or so college graduates are now among the 60 players selected in the annual NBA draft. Fewer high schoolers have progressed directly to the NBA without at least one year of college basketball beginning in 2006; citing maturity concerns after several incidents involving young players, the labor agreement between players and owners now specifies that players must turn 19 years of age during the calendar year of the draft to be eligible. Additionally, U.S. players must be at least one year removed from their high school graduation.[17]

text: The pervasiveness of college basketball throughout the nation, the large population of graduates from "major conference" universities, and the NCAA's marketing of "March Madness" (officially the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship), have kept the college game alive and well. Some commentators have argued that the higher turnover of players has increased the importance of good coaches. Many teams have been highly successful, for instance, by emphasizing personality in their recruiting efforts, with the goal of creating a cohesive group that, while lacking stars, plays together for all 4 years and thus develops a higher level of sophistication than less stable teams could achieve.

text: College basketball remains more popular than the NBA in some regions of the United States, such as in North Carolina and the Midwest (where traditionally strong programs at Louisville, Kentucky, and Indiana are found).

text: Distinctions with NBA and WNBA play[edit]

text: The NCAA Men's Basketball Rules Committee, consisting of coaches from all three divisions of the NCAA, sets the rules for college men's basketball play. A parallel committee sets rules for college women's play. Although many of the NBA and WNBA rules apply in NCAA play, there are differences that make NCAA play unique.[18]

text: As of the most recent 2017–18 season, NCAA men's games are divided into two halves, each 20 minutes long; NBA games are played in four quarters of 12 minutes each; and WNBA and NCAA women's games are played in 10-minute quarters. The NCAA shot clock gives teams of both sexes 30 seconds to shoot, while the shot clock used in both the NBA and WNBA gives teams 24 seconds. Also, NCAA teams are allowed 10 seconds to move the ball past the halfcourt line (with this rule only having been added to the women's college game in the 2013–14 season), while NBA and WNBA rules allow only 8 seconds. However, like the NBA and WNBA (and high school basketball), during the last minute of each period, the game clock keeps time remaining in the period measured in tenths of a second, rather than full seconds.

text: Prior to the 2015–16 season, NCAA men's basketball used a 35-second shot clock, while NCAA women's basketball was played with the same 20-minute halves as the men's game.

text: Though the height of the basket, the foul line's distance from the backboard, and the court dimensions are the same, the distance between the three-point line and the backboard is different. The NBA three-point line measures 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) at the top of the circle, or 22 feet (6.7 m) in the corners or baseline.[19] On the NCAA court, the three-point line had been a constant 19 feet 9 inches (6.02 m), but the NCAA Rules Committee voted in May 2007 to extend it a foot more to 20 feet 9 inches (6.32 m), which became effective beginning the 2008–09 season for men[20] and the 2011–12 season for women. The WNBA's three-point line was 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in), which FIBA used before it extended its three-point arc to 6.75 m (22 ft 1 1⁄2 in) at the top of the circle and 6.6 m (21 ft 8 in) at the corners and baseline. The NCAA lane measures 12 feet (3.7 m) in width, while the NBA and WNBA lane is 16 feet (4.9 m); the FIBA lane is marginally wider than the NBA/WNBA lane at exactly 4.9 m (16 ft 1 in).

text: NCAA players are allowed five personal fouls before fouling out, as opposed to their NBA counterparts, who are allowed six. This maintains the same ratio of minutes of play per foul allowed, eight. However, the WNBA allows players six personal fouls despite playing the same number of minutes as the NCAA. The number of team fouls allotted is also different. In all three competitions, team fouls can be categorized as shooting or non-shooting. A shooting foul occurs when a player gets fouled in the act of shooting (while airborne), giving him the chance to shoot free throws. A common foul (non-shooting foul) consists of all other fouls, including making contact with the opposing player while "reaching in" to steal the ball.

text: A team may make a certain number of non-shooting fouls per period before the opposing team is awarded free throws. In the NBA, WNBA, and (since 2015–16) NCAA women's basketball, the fifth team foul in a quarter places the team in penalty. For every foul starting with the fifth, whether it's shooting or non-shooting, the opposing team receives two free throws. In addition, if an NBA team has not entered the penalty in the last two minutes of a period, its team foul count is reset; the second team foul in the last two minutes triggers the penalty. The WNBA has the same rule, except that the "reset" does not occur until the final minute of a period. In the NCAA men's game, the penalty begins with the seventh team foul in a half. However, the fouled player must make the first free throw in order to get the second. This is called a "one-and-one" or "one and the bonus" situation. On the tenth team foul, the "double bonus" situation comes into play, meaning that every subsequent team foul results in two free throws for the opposing team. No free throws are shot at either level for a player control foul, which is an offensive foul (usually a charge). Unlike NBA/WNBA rules, the team foul count does not reset in the last one or two minutes of a half (men's) or quarter (women's). Overtime periods are considered an extension of the second half under NCAA men's rules and the fourth quarter under NCAA women's rules, but not under NBA/WNBA rules; in those leagues, the fourth team foul in any overtime period, or the second in the last one (WNBA) or two minutes (NBA), triggers the penalty.

text: When a dispute over ball possession arises, the jump ball is used in the NBA and WNBA. In the NCAA, once the first possession has been established from the opening tip, no further jump balls occur except to begin an overtime period. Since 1981, a possession arrow on the scorer's table has dictated which team should possess the ball, with the arrow switching directions after each use.

text: NCAA teams can call a timeout after they made a basket (Indiana scores a 3-point field goal and calls a timeout); in the NBA and WNBA, only the opposing team can call a timeout after a basket is made. Since the 2015–16 season, NCAA men's coaches have been banned from calling timeouts from the bench while the ball is live, although players remain free to do so.

text: In addition, the NBA limits what types of defense a team can play, primarily in an effort to prevent coaches from slowing down the pace of the game by using zone defenses. Zone defense is permitted in the NBA and WNBA; however, players cannot stand in the lane for more than three seconds if they are not guarding anyone. In NCAA basketball, no such restriction exists, and coaches are free to design a variety of defensive techniques.

text: In college basketball, it is required by rule that the home team wears their white or light-colored jerseys while the visiting team wears their darker jersey color. The NBA, like most other professional sports leagues, lets the home team decide which uniform to wear, but with a few exceptions the home team has continued the tradition of the college game and wears white (or in the case of the Los Angeles Lakers for non-Sunday home games, gold) at home. This is for regular season play only; home teams always wear white during the playoffs. The WNBA, however, follows the college rule for all games.

text: The NBA introduced a new dress code rule in 2005. Now players are required to wear business casual attire whenever they are engaged in team or league business. This includes a long or short-sleeved dress shirt (collared or turtleneck), and/or a sweater; dress slacks, khaki pants, or dress jeans, and appropriate shoes and socks, including dress shoes, dress boots, or other presentable shoes, but not including sneakers, sandals, flip-flops, or work boots. The WNBA has a similar dress code, adjusted for standard women's attire. NCAA rules have no set dress code rule, leaving it up to individual teams or conferences.

text: The organizations also have different rules for jersey numbers. While the NBA and WNBA allow players to wear any number from 0 to 99, including 00, so long as it is available, the NCAA disallows any jersey number with a 6, 7, 8, or 9 in it. This is done to allow the referee to report fouls using hand signals with one hand, as each hand has only five fingers. High school basketball, whose rules are set by the National Federation of State High School Associations, also follows the NCAA's convention on jersey numbering.

text: Other divisions[edit]

text: While less commercialized than Division I, Division II and Division III are both highly successful college basketball organizations. Women's Division I is often televised, but to smaller audiences than Men's Division I. Generally, small colleges join Division II, while colleges of all sizes that choose not to offer athletic scholarships join Division III. Games other than NCAA D-I are rarely televised by national media, although CBS televises the Championship Final of NCAA Division II, while CBS College Sports Network televises the semifinals as well as the Division III Final.

text: The NAIA also sponsors men and women's college-level basketball. The NAIA Men's Basketball National Championship has been held annually since 1937 (with the exception of 1944), when it was established by James Naismith to crown a national champion for smaller colleges and universities. Unlike the NCAA Tournament, the NAIA Tournament features only 32 teams, and the entire tournament is contested in one week instead of three weekends. Since 2002 the NAIA National Tournament has been played in Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. (in 1994–2001 it was held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and 1937–1999 it was held at Municipal then Kemper Arena in Kansas City). Media coverage has sporadically been provided by CBS, the Victory Sports Network, and various lesser-known media.

text: Since 1992, the NAIA has sponsored a Division II championship, similar to the NCAA Division I and II. There is also an NAIA Women's Basketball Championship.

text: The only school to have won national titles in both the NAIA and NCAA Division I is Louisville; the Cardinals have also won the NIT title. Southern Illinois has won NAIA and NIT titles. Central Missouri and Fort Hays State have won NAIA and NCAA Division II national titles.

text: National Invitation Tournament (NIT)[edit]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Men's college basketball awards
Women's college basketball awards
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame
Sporting News College Basketball Athlete of the Decade (2000–09)

text: Records and lists[edit]

text: Men's[edit]

text:
List of teams with the most victories in NCAA Division I men's college basketball
List of college men's basketball coaches with 600 wins
NCAA Division I Men's Final Four appearances by school
List of NCAA Division I Men's Final Four appearances by coach
NCAA Division I Men's Final Four appearances by school
NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament all-time team records
NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament bids by school
NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament bids by school and conference
NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament records
NAIA Men's Basketball Championships
NIT all-time team records
NIT bids by school and conference
NIT championships and semifinal appearances
NCAA Division I Men's basketball statistical leaders
List of current NCAA Division I men's basketball coaches

text: Women's[edit]

text:
NCAA Division I Women's Tournament bids by school
NAIA Women's Basketball Championships
AIAW Women's Basketball Champions
List of NCAA Division I women's basketball career scoring leaders


document_title: List of Seattle Seahawks seasons

question_text: when was the last time the seahawks made the playoffs

root

text: List of Seattle Seahawks seasons

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
Super Bowl Champions
Conference Champions
Division Champions
Wild Card Berth

tag: table

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season

Postseason results
Awards
Head coaches

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties
W %

1976
1976
NFL
NFC
West
5th
2
12
0
.143

Jack Patera

1977
1977
NFL
AFC
West
4th
5
9
0
.357

Jack Patera

1978[1]
1978
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
9
7
0
.563

Jack Patera (COY)
Jack Patera

1979
1979
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
9
7
0
.563

Jack Patera

1980
1980
NFL
AFC
West
5th
4
12
0
.250

Jack Patera

1981
1981
NFL
AFC
West
5th
6
10
0
.375

Jack Patera

1982[2]
1982
NFL
AFC

8th[3]
4
5
0
.444

Jack Patera (0–2)
Mike McCormack (4–3)

1983
1983
NFL
AFC
West
2nd[4]
9
7
0
.563
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Broncos) 31–7
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Dolphins) 27–20
Lost AFC Championship (at Raiders) 14–30

Chuck Knox

1984
1984
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
12
4
0
.750
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Raiders) 13–7
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Dolphins) 10–31
Chuck Knox (COY)
Kenny Easley (DPOY)
Chuck Knox

1985
1985
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
8
8
0
.500

Chuck Knox

1986
1986
NFL
AFC
West
2nd[5]
10
6
0
.625

Chuck Knox

1987[6]
1987
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
9
6
0
.600
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Oilers) 20–23 (OT)

Chuck Knox

1988
1988
NFL
AFC
West
1st
9
7
0
.563
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bengals) 13–21
Steve Largent (WP MOY)
Chuck Knox

1989
1989
NFL
AFC
West
4th
7
9
0
.438

Chuck Knox

1990
1990
NFL
AFC
West
3rd[7]
9
7
0
.563

Chuck Knox

1991
1991
NFL
AFC
West
4th
7
9
0
.438

Chuck Knox

1992
1992
NFL
AFC
West
5th
2
14
0
.125

Cortez Kennedy (DPOY)
Tom Flores

1993
1993
NFL
AFC
West
5th
6
10
0
.375

Tom Flores

1994
1994
NFL
AFC
West
5th
6
10
0
.375

Tom Flores

1995
1995
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
8
8
0
.500

Dennis Erickson

1996
1996
NFL
AFC
West
4th
7
9
0
.438

Dennis Erickson

1997'
1997
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
8
8
0
.500

Dennis Erickson

1998
1998
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
8
8
0
.500

Dennis Erickson

1999
1999
NFL
AFC
West
1st[8]
9
7
0
.563
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Dolphins) 17–20

Mike Holmgren

2000
2000
NFL
AFC
West
4th
6
10
0
.375

Mike Holmgren

2001
2001
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
9
7
0
.563

Mike Holmgren

2002
2002
NFL
NFC
West
3rd
7
9
0
.438

Mike Holmgren

2003
2003
NFL
NFC
West
2nd
10
6
0
.625
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Packers) 27–33 (OT)

Mike Holmgren

2004
2004
NFL
NFC
West
1st
9
7
0
.563
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Rams) 20–27

Mike Holmgren

2005
2005
NFL
NFC
West
1st
13
3
0
.813
Won Divisional Playoffs (Redskins) 20–10
Won NFC Championship (Panthers) 34–14
Lost Super Bowl XL (vs. Steelers) 10–21
Shaun Alexander (MVP, OPOY)
Mike Holmgren

2006
2006
NFL
NFC
West
1st
9
7
0
.563
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Cowboys) 21–20
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 24–27 (OT)

Mike Holmgren

2007
2007
NFL
NFC
West
1st
10
6
0
.625
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Redskins) 35–14
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Packers) 20–42

Mike Holmgren

2008
2008
NFL
NFC
West
3rd
4
12
0
.250

Mike Holmgren

2009
2009
NFL
NFC
West
3rd
5
11
0
.313

Jim L. Mora

2010
2010
NFL
NFC
West
1st
7
9
0
.438
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Saints) 41–36
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 24–35

Pete Carroll

2011
2011
NFL
NFC
West
3rd
7
9
0
.438

Pete Carroll

2012
2012
NFL
NFC
West
2nd
11
5
0
.688
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Redskins) 24–14
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Falcons) 28–30

Pete Carroll

2013
2013
NFL
NFC
West
1st
13
3
0
.813
Won Divisional Playoffs (Saints) 23–15
Won NFC Championship (49ers) 23–17
Won Super Bowl XLVIII (1) (vs. Broncos) 43–8
Malcolm Smith (SB MVP)
Pete Carroll

2014
2014
NFL
NFC
West
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Panthers) 31–17
Won NFC Championship (Packers) 28–22 (OT)
Lost Super Bowl XLIX (vs. Patriots) 24–28

Pete Carroll

2015
2015
NFL
NFC
West
2nd
10
6
0
.625
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Vikings) 10–9
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Panthers) 24–31

Pete Carroll

2016
2016
NFL
NFC
West
1st
10
5
1
.656
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Lions) 26–6
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Falcons) 20–36

Pete Carroll

2017
2017
NFL
NFC
West
2nd
9
7
0
.563

Pete Carroll

Totals
10 Division Titles
3 NFC Titles
1 NFL Title
Regular Season
334
323
1
.508

Postseason
16
15
0
.516

Overall
350
338
1
.509

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The NFL expanded from a 14-game regular season schedule to 16 beginning in 1978.
Jump up ^ The 1982 season was shortened to nine games by a players' strike. The top eight teams in each conference advanced to the playoffs.
Jump up ^ The Seattle Seahawks, Cleveland Browns and Buffalo Bills finished with 4–5 records. Cleveland's better conference record (4–3 vs. Buffalo's 3–3 and Seattle's 3–5 advanced the Browns to the playoffs. The Bills and Seahawks did not go to the playoffs.
Jump up ^ The Seattle Seahawks, Cleveland Browns and Denver Broncos finished with 9–7 records. Seattle's and Denver's better head-to-head record (2–1 vs. Cleveland's 0–2) eliminated the Browns from the playoffs. Seattle's better conference record (5–3 vs. 3–5) gave the Seahawks the 1st Wild Card and Denver the 2nd Wild Card.
Jump up ^ The Seattle Seahawks, New York Jets, Kansas City Chiefs and Cincinnati Bengals finished with 10–6 records. New York and Kansas City advanced to the playoffs as Wild Cards based on better conference records (8–4 and 9–5 vs. Seattle's and Cincinnati's 7–5). The Seahawks and Bengals did not go to the playoffs.
Jump up ^ The 1987 season was shortened to 15 games by a players' strike.
Jump up ^ The Seattle Seahawks, Houston Oilers and Pittsburgh Steelers finished with 9–7 records. Houston's better conference record (8–4 vs. Seattle's 7–5 and Pittsburgh's 6–6) gave the Oilers the Wild Card and eliminated the Seahawks and Steelers from the playoffs.
Jump up ^ The Seattle Seahawks and Kansas City Chiefs finished with 9–7 records. Seattle's head-to-head sweep of the Chiefs gave the Seahawks the division championship. The Chiefs did not go to the playoffs.


document_title: The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

question_text: who plays suzie in the marvelous mrs maisel

text: The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

text: Plot[edit]

text: Miriam "Midge" Maisel (Rachel Brosnahan) is a Jewish housewife living in New York City in 1958. Her husband, Joel, is a businessman who moonlights as a struggling comedian at The Gaslight Cafe. Midge supports Joel, providing feedback about his sets, but becomes disillusioned when she discovers that Joel has stolen one of his best routines from Bob Newhart.

tag: p

text: One night, after a particularly unsuccessful performance, Joel confesses to Midge that he has been having an affair and leaves her. Midge goes to her parents for support but is instead met with criticism for choosing to marry Joel and a demand to persuade Joel into returning.

text: After drinking too much wine, Midge returns to the Gaslight Cafe and impulsively goes on stage, delivering an impromptu set about her predicament which the audience finds hilarious. After baring her breasts in an attempt to demonstrate how attractive she is, Midge is arrested and taken to jail for indecent exposure and performing without a cabaret license.

text: The squad car contains another comedian who was also arrested: Lenny Bruce (Luke Kirby).  Midge, who had seen Lenny perform, returns to jail the next morning to bail him out and ask him if he loves performing stand-up comedy.  Bruce warns Midge that the comedy business is terrible, but Midge takes his warning as encouragement and teams with Susie (Alex Borstein), a comedy club employee, to hone her act.

text: The second season is set to feature Midge and Susie going out on the road together with Midge playing clubs along the Borscht Belt in the Catskill Mountains.[1]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Rachel Brosnahan as Miriam "Midge" Maisel, a Jewish housewife who discovers a flair for stand-up comedy. After her husband leaves her, she finds a job as a make-up counter girl at B. Altman.
Alex Borstein as Susie Myerson, an employee of The Gaslight Cafe and later Midge's manager.
Michael Zegen as Joel Maisel, Midge's estranged husband, who leaves Midge for his secretary. He is also an aspiring stand-up comic, but only relies on the routines of Bob Newhart.
Tony Shalhoub as Abraham "Abe" Weissman, Midge’s father.
Marin Hinkle as Rose Weissman, Midge’s mother.

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Bailey De Young as Imogene Cleary, Midge's best friend.
Nunzio and Matteo Pascale as Ethan Maisel, Midge and Joel's eldest child.
Matilda Szydagis as Zelda, the Weissmans' live-in maid.
Brian Tarantina as Jackie, the emcee at The Gaslight.
Joel Johnstone as Archie Cleary, Imogene's husband and Joel's coworker.
Holly Curran as Penny Pann, Joel's former secretary and girlfriend.
Cynthia Darlow as Mrs. Moskowitz, Joel's secretary and Penny's replacement.
Luke Kirby as Lenny Bruce, a well-known New York City comedian.
Kevin Pollak as Moishe Maisel, Joel's father.
Caroline Aaron as Shirley Maisel, Joel's mother.
David Paymer as Harry Drake, a successful manager of comedians with clients including Sophie Lennon.
Mary Testa as Drina Romanoff, a psychic that Rose frequents.
Zachary Levi as TBA (season 2)
Jane Lynch as Sophie Lennon (season 2; guest season 1), a successful stand-up comic who relies on shticky gimmicks about her life in Queens and her frumpy appearance. In reality, she is a rich aristocrat with refined taste and wears a fat suit on stage.

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Gilbert Gottfried as Strip Club Emcee ("Pilot"), an emcee at the strip club where Midge and Joel first see Lenny Bruce perform.
Matthew Cusack, Mike Rosengarten, and Eric William Morris as The Kingston Trio ("Pilot"), a folk group that Midge and Joel see at the Gaslight performing the song "Sixteen Tons".
Caitlin Mehner as Honey Bruce ("Pilot"), the wife of Lenny Bruce.
Max Casella as Michael Kessler ("Because You Left"), Midge's lawyer.
Alison Smith as Jane Jacobs ("The Disappointment of the Dionne Quintuplets"), a community activist whose rally Miriam stumbles across in Washington Square Park.
Allen Lewis Rickman as Red Skelton ("The Disappointment of the Dionne Quintuplets"), a comedian that Miriam and Susie see perform at the Copacabana nightclub.
Carolee Carmello as Loretta ("The Disappointment of the Dionne Quintuplets")
Wallace Shawn as Herb Smith ("Doink"), a hack comedy writer who Midge briefly hires after she bombs a set.
Frank L. Ridley as Sal ("Doink"), the bartender at the Old Town Bar where Joel and Archie go to drink.
Nate Corddry as Randall ("Mrs. X at the Gaslight"), an amateur comedian who does improvisational skits with Midge at parties.
Will Brill as Noah ("Mrs. X at the Gaslight"), Midge's brother.
Justine Lupe as Astrid ("Mrs. X at the Gaslight"), Noah's wife and Midge's sister-in-law. She is very insecure about the fact that she's not Jewish.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date11"Pilot"Amy Sherman-PalladinoAmy Sherman-PalladinoMarch 17, 2017 (2017-03-17)
In 1958 Manhattan, Miriam "Midge" Maisel is a contented, young, Jewish, Upper West Side housewife who has been married for four years. She occupies herself with raising her son and daughter and facilitating her untalented husband's dream of becoming a stand-up comedian at The Gaslight Cafe. When her reality is threatened by his decision to leave her for his secretary, she drunkenly discovers that she herself possesses a previously unrealized talent for stand-up comedy. Arrested for baring her breasts onstage, Midge finds herself in a police car with Lenny Bruce. Susie bails Midge out, and Midge bails out Lenny Bruce.
22"Ya Shivu v Bolshom Dome Na Kholme"Amy Sherman-PalladinoAmy Sherman-PalladinoNovember 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
Joel breaks the news of the separation to his father. Both Midge's and Joel's parents are unhappy about the breakup. To make people happier, Midge invites all four parents plus Joel to dinner at her apartment. Conflict erupts. After Joel's father reveals that he plans to evict Midge and the children from their apartment, Midge leaves her own dinner party to go back to the Gaslight, where she performs again and is arrested again.
33"Because You Left"Daniel PalladinoDaniel PalladinoNovember 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
Midge, in jail again, is bailed out by Lenny Bruce. Midge's parents, who were babysitting her kids until 1:30 a.m. are baffled about Midge's new life. Midge and Susie engage a lawyer, but in court, Midge clashes with the judge and is found in contempt of court and put in a jail cell until she comes up with a $200 fine.  She asks Joel for the money to pay her fine, which he agrees to do. Meanwhile, Midge's father Abe visits Joel's father Moishe to ask if he can share the cost to keep the apartment where Midge and the children are living, and Moishe agrees. Midge joins Lenny Bruce at the Village Vanguard, where she does a short set. Susie visits the Friars Club to talk with Harry Gray about managing Midge. Joel asks Miriam to give their marriage another go, but she says no.
44"The Disappointment of the Dionne Quintuplets"Amy Sherman-PalladinoAmy Sherman-PalladinoNovember 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
Midge moves in with her parents. Abe wants to turn off TV where Ethan is watching Howdy Doody, Midge suggests she could have TV in her room where she could also watch Jack Paar, but Abe is reluctant. Midge takes Ethan to visit Joel in his new apartment, which she discovers he shares with Penny Pan. Susie takes Midge to a record store of rare and little-known albums, where Midge buys a record by Redd Foxx, and meets Virgil and Oz.  Susie also takes her to many other clubs to see other comics perform, including Red Skelton. Midge wants to be friends with Susie, but Susie claims she just wants a professional relationship. When Midge gets home late, Abe angrily says he won't buy her a TV. Miriam decides she needs to get a job.
55"Doink"Amy Sherman-PalladinoDaniel PalladinoNovember 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
Midge applies for a job running elevators at B. Altman, but is hired instead for the makeup department. Performing at the Gaslight, Midge has her first experience in failing to get laughs. She decides to try hiring a comedy writer: Herb Smith (played by Wallace Shawn.) When Midge performs jokes Herb Smith wrote for her, she bombs even worse, and tells Susie she's giving up on having a stand-up career. Meanwhile, Joel takes Penny Pann to meet his parents, who are charming to her but agree, "No." Archie cancels a double date to go with Joel and Penny to see The Music Man on Broadway, making up a number of excuses why they cannot attend. Midge goes to party with her makeup counter friends and has a great time making people laugh. Susie stares unhappily at the telephone she bought in order to be Midge's agent.
66"Mrs. X at the Gaslight"Scott EllisSheila R. LawrenceNovember 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
Midge entertains (unpaid) at parties hosted by her new B. Altman friends. She meets and briefly performs with male comic Randall (Nate Cordrry), who later introduces her to his agent from William Morris. Columbia University professor Abe is recruited to join Bell Labs. Midge's brother Noah and his wife Astrid (a gentile who enthusiastically converted to Judaism to impress the unbothered Weissmans) visit to join in the celebration. But when Midge's family goes out to celebrate at a Chinese restaurant, the occasion is spoiled because Joel and Penny Pann are in the same restaurant. Joel apologizes to Midge before noticing that she no longer wears her wedding and engagement rings. When Midge visits Susie at her apartment, Susie bluntly tells Midge that they are in a partnership and Midge doesn't require a man to be a successful comic. Midge tearfully apologizes yet insists that Susie needs to support Midge personally if they're going to be professional partners, and the two reconcile. As the episode ends, Virgil and Oz are shown from above enjoying a tape of Midge's earlier comic performances. Not knowing her name, they label the tape they have "Mrs. X at the Gaslight."
77"Put That On Your Plate!"Daniel PalladinoDaniel PalladinoNovember 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
Midge hones her comedy act. At work, Joel's ideas win him fans. Susie tries to get Midge a chance to open for comedienne Sophie Lennon. Abe brings home a surprise dinner guest--a divorce attorney. Rose is furious, and not consoled when Abe confesses that Joel already tried to come back but Midge turned him away. Rose seeks consolation from Drina, but Drina has vanished, replaced by "Madame Cosma." Joel tells Abe that, with his new promotion, he can pay for everything Midge might want. Midge visits Sophie Lennon, discovering that the beloved comedienne "from Queens" is really a rich and arrogant graduate of Yale University. Onstage "Sophie" is a gimmick, wearing a fat suit. The real Sophie tells Midge that women can't succeed without gimmicks. As Midge leaves to meet her parents in synagogue, Sophie forces a mink coat on her for a parting gift. In synagogue, Rose loudly demands to know where the mink coat came from. Later, at the Gaslight, Midge lampoons expectations imposed on women, and makes fun of Sophie Lennon. Sophie's agent Harry, in the audience to hear Midge perform, is furious, and tells the terrified Susie, "You're on my bad side!"
88"Thank You and Good Night"Amy Sherman-PalladinoAmy Sherman-PalladinoNovember 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
Susie and Midge get drunk at a bar, upset that Midge made fun of Sophie Lennon, and now Harry might try to ruin her career. The next day, a hungover Midge hosts a birthday party for her son, where she reconnects with Joel and ends up sleeping with him in her childhood room. It appears that they may get back together, but Joel later overhears a bootleg tape of Midge's act at Virgil and Oz's record store, and gets angry. At the big company meeting, a deflated Joel announces that he wants to quit. Midge's "shit gig" at a stripper show is canceled because of Harry. Susie begs Lenny Bruce to come back to the Gaslight to help Midge, which he does. Midge's set is a great hit, and at the end she introduces herself as "Mrs. Maisel."  Joel watches Midge's act, argues with Susie about it, then sadly leaves the Gaslight.

text: Production[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: Amy Sherman-Palladino was inspired by childhood memories of her father (a standup comedian based in NYC) and an admiration for early female comics such as Joan Rivers.[2] Sherman-Palladino explained the show concept as follows:

text: I wanted to do a story about a woman who thought she’d scored...She’d gotten it all, and then, bam, it all falls apart. And in falling apart, she discovers an ambition and a need to speak, and a voice that she just frankly didn’t know was there.”[3]

text: The series drew inspiration from female comedians of the time period like Rivers and Totie Fields.[4][5]

text: Development[edit]

text: On June 6, 2016, it was announced that Amazon had given the production a pilot order. The pilot episode was written by Sherman-Palladino, who was also expected to executive produce.[6] On March 2, 2017, it was reported that the pilot would premiere as a part of Amazon's Spring 2017 pilot season on March 17, 2017.[7] On April 10, 2017, it was announced that Amazon had given the production a series order consisting of two seasons. The series was expected to be executive produced by Sherman-Palladino and Daniel Palladino with Dhana Gilbert serving as a producer.[8] On October 10, 2017, it was reported that the series would premiere on November 29, 2017.[9]

text: On May 20, 2018, it was announced that Amazon had renewed the series for a third season.[10]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On August 5, 2016, it was announced that Rachel Brosnahan had been cast in the pilot's titular lead role.[11] In September 2016, it was reported that Tony Shalhoub and Michael Zegen had joined the pilot's main cast.[12][13] On October 6, 2016, it was announced that Marin Hinkle had been cast in one of the pilot's main roles.[14] In May 2017, it was reported that Joel Johnstone, Caroline Aaron, Kevin Pollak, and Bailey De Young were set to appear in recurring roles.[15][16]

text: On May 23, 2018, it was announced that Zachary Levi would appear in the second season in a recurring capacity.[17] On August 15, 2018, it was reported that Jane Lynch would reprise her role of Sophie Lennon in recurring capacity in season two.[18]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for the pilot took place from September 27 to October 14, 2016 in New York City.[19] On October 4 and 5, 2016, filming took place at 96 St. Marks Place in New York City where exterior shots were being filmed. Residents of the building being used for filming were reportedly unhappy about the disruption that the production would cause.[20]

text: Design[edit]

text: The "apartment" where Midge and her husband Joel live was created on the same set as the apartment where Midge's parents live, but with more modern (late-1950s) design, inspired in part by Doris Day movies, according to production designer Bill Groom.[3] The retro looking typeface used for the main title is called Sparkly and was designed by Stuart Sandler of Font Diner.[21]

text: Release[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On October 10, 2017, the official trailer for the first season was released.[9] On August 9, 2018, a teaser trailer for the second season was released.[22]

text: Premiere[edit]

text: On November 13, 2017, the series held its official premiere at the Village East Cinema in New York City.[23]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The series has been met with a positive response from critics since its premiere. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 94% based on 70 reviews, with an average rating of 7.63 out of 10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel is an upbeat addition to Amazon's original offerings, propelled by a playful yet poignant performance by Rachel Brosnahan."[24]  On Metacritic the series has an average weighted score of 80 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[25]

text: The pilot episode of The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel was one of Amazon Video's most successful ever, achieving an average viewer rating of 4.9 (out of 5).[8] The review of the pilot in The Guardian praised the "combination of [Sherman-Palladino's] banging dialogue and the utterly winning charm of Brosnahan",[26] while The A.V. Club praised the "outstanding" production design and said "this is a series that's as confident as its heroine—and what a heroine she is. Midge is already layered, conflicted, hilarious, and charming."[27] A critic for Slate called the episode "a knockout", stating that the stand-up element "introduces a welcome streak of discipline, both verbal and thematic, into Sherman-Palladino’s charming but manic work."[28]

text: The Jerusalem Post highlighted the exceptionally well done "Jewishness" of the work, calling it a "comedic delight of a show, combining Sherman-Palladino’s knack for witty dialogue with the colorful, rich world of 1950s New York and the intensity of family drama and changing times."[29] NPR similarly highlighted the effectiveness of the comedy in the show, writing "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel isn't aiming for realism. It's a heroic fantasy. And Midge's humor, one might say, is the ultimate version of staircase wit. Recklessly honest, she says what female comedians would've said half a century ago — if they had only been free to say it."[30]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

2018

Golden Globe Awards

Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

Won

[31][32][33][34]

Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy

Rachel Brosnahan

Won

[35][36][37][38]

Critics' Choice Television Awards

Best Comedy Series

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

Won

[39]

Best Actress in a Comedy Series

Rachel Brosnahan

Won

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Alex Borstein

Nominated

Producers Guild of America Awards

Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Comedy

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

Won

[40]

Directors Guild of America Awards

Outstanding Directorial Achievement for a Comedy Series

Amy Sherman-Palladino (for "Pilot")

Nominated

[41]

Costume Designers Guild Awards

Excellence in Period Television

Donna Zakowska

Nominated

[42]

Location Managers Guild Awards

Outstanding Locations in Period Television

Amanda Foley-Burbank, Jose Guerrero

Nominated

[43]

Peabody Award

Entertainment, children's and youth honoree

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

Won

[44]

Television Critics Association Awards

Individual Achievement in Comedy

Rachel Brosnahan

Won

[45]

Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Comedy Series

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel

Pending

[46]

Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series

Rachel Brosnahan

Pending

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series

Tony Shalhoub

Pending

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Alex Borstein

Pending

Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series

Amy Sherman-Palladino (for "Pilot")

Pending

Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series

Pending

Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards

Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series

Jane Lynch (for "Put That on Your Plate!")

Pending

Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series

Meredith Tucker, Jeanie Bacharach, and Cindy Tolan

Pending

Outstanding Cinematography for a Single Camera Series

M. David Mullen (for "Pilot")

Pending

Outstanding Hairstyling for a Single Camera Series

Francesca Paris, Christine Cantrell, Cassie Hurd, and Reo Anderson (for "Pilot")

Pending

Outstanding Music Supervision

Robin Urdang, Amy Sherman-Palladino, and Daniel Palladino (for "Pilot")

Pending

Outstanding Period Costumes

Donna Zakowska, Marina Rei, Ginnie Patton, and Sheila Grover (for "The Disappointment of the Dionne Quintuplets")

Pending

Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Period or Fantasy Program (One Hour or More)

Bill Groom, Neil Prince, Ellen Christiansen (for "Ya Shivu v Bolshom Dome Na Kholme")

Pending

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series

Brian A. Kates (for "Pilot")

Pending


document_title: Donald Fullilove

question_text: who does the voice of reggie on american dad

text: Donald Fullilove

text:
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text:
Donald Fullilove

Born
(1958-05-16) May 16, 1958 (age 59)
Dallas, Texas, U.S.

Residence
Burbank, California, U.S.

Other names
Don Fullilove

Occupation
TV, voiceover and movie actor

Years active
1971–present

text: Donald "Don" Fullilove (born May 16, 1958 in Dallas, Texas) is an American film and voice actor[1] who has had a role in numerous projects over the course of his forty-year plus career in both films and television. He portrayed Hill Valley, California Mayor Goldie Wilson in the first Back to the Future movie, and his grandson hovermobile salesman Goldie Wilson III in Back to the Future Part II, and more recently he has had a role as Nurse George, a character in Pixar's Up. He also provided the voice of Michael Jackson as a child voice actor in the animated ABC-TV Saturday Morning series The Jackson 5ive (1971–73). He also appeared in Partsaurus Rex,a Toy Story short film. He also currently has a recurring role as Reginald in American Dad!. Fullilove, who graduated from Crenshaw High School in Los Angeles in 1976 and currently resides in Burbank, California.

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Film

Year
Film
Role
Other notes

1980
Scared Straight! Another Story
Smash
Television movie

1981
Homeroom
Billy Coe

1985
Tuff Turf
Howard

1985
Back to the Future
Goldie Wilson

1985
Basic Training
Typewriter Man

1988
Cadillac Dreams
Snake
Short film

1989
Back to the Future Part II
Goldie Wilson III
Billed as Don Fullilove

1990
Penny Ante: The Motion Picture
RJ Wallis

1992
White Men Can't Jump
Jake

1998
Mulan
Additional Voice

2001
Osmosis Jones
Additional Character Voices

2002
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron
Train Pull Foreman

2006
Domestic Import
Jamaican Shop Keeper

2006
Curious George
Animal Control Man

2007
Transformers: The Game
Walla
Video game; billed as Don Fullilove

2008
The Hustle
Hose Man

2008
Tres caminos
Thomas
segment "Los Angeles"

2009
Up
Nurse George
voice

2010
Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam
John White

2012
Partysaurus Rex
Chuck E. Duck (calmer voice)
Voice

Television

Year
Series
Role
Other notes

1971
The Jackson 5ive
Michael Jackson
voice

1972
Kid Power
Diz/Randy
Voice

1973–1974
Emergency +4
Jason Phillips
Main role; 23 episodes

1984
High Street Blues
Blood/Junkie
"The End of Logan's Run" (Season 4, Episode 17) (as Junkie)
"Lucky Ducks" (Season 4, Episode 21) (as Blood)

1985
The Fall Guy
Guard
"Dead Ringer" (Season 5, Episode 1)

1986
What's Happening Now!!
Junior
"Goodbye, Mr. Ripps" (Season 1, Episode 17)

1990
Mancuso, FBI

"Death and Taxes" (Season 1, Episode 16)

1990
Major Dad
2nd Lt. Ned Nicholas
"Wetting Down" (Season 2, Episode 16)

1993
Johnny Bago
Redwood
"Spotting Elvis" (Season 1, Episode 6)

1996
Martin
Street Neighbor
"Kicked to the Curb" (Season 4, Episode 17)

2003
What's New, Scooby-Doo?
Passenger 3
"The San Franpsycho" (Season 2, Episode 8)
Voice role

2006
All of Us

"Robert and Neesee Get Real" (Season 3, Episode 14)

2009
American Dad!
Reginald/Tortoise/Cop
"Family Affair" (Season 4, Episode 10) (as Reginald)
"Wife Insurance" (Season 4, Episode 15) (as Reginald)
"Delorean Story-An" (Season 4, Episode 16) (as Tortoise)
"Stan's Night Out" (Season 4, Episode 20) (as Cop)
Voice roles


document_title: Three-point field goal

question_text: when did the nba start the 3 point shot

question_tokens: when did the nba start the 3 point shot

text: Three-point field goal

text: History[edit]

text: The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in a 1945 NCAA game between Columbia and Fordham but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 m) from the baskets, except along the sides.[2] The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season.

text: The three-point shot later became popularized by the American Basketball Association after its introduction in the 1967–68 season. Then commissioner of the ABA George Mikan stated the three-pointer "would give the smaller player a chance to score and open up the defense to make the game more enjoyable for the fans."[3] During the 1970s, the ABA used the three-point shot, along with the slam dunk, as a marketing tool to compete with the National Basketball Association (NBA).

text: In the 1979–80 season, after having tested it in the previous pre-season, the NBA adopted the three-point line despite the view of many that it was a gimmick.[4] Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics is widely credited with making the first three-point shot in NBA history on October 12, 1979. Kevin Grevey of the Washington Bullets also made one on the same day.

text: The sport's international governing body, FIBA, introduced the three-point line in 1984, at a distance of 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in).

text: The NCAA's Southern Conference became the first collegiate conference to use the three-point rule, adopting a 22-foot (6.71 m) line for the 1980–81 season.[5][6] Ronnie Carr of Western Carolina University was the first to score a three-point field goal in college basketball history on November 29, 1980.[6][7][8] Over the following five years, NCAA conferences differed in their use of the rule and distance required for a three-pointer. The line was as close as 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m) in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and as far away as 22 feet in the Big Sky Conference.[9] Used in conference play, it was adopted by the NCAA for the 1986–87 men's season at 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m), and was first used in the NCAA Tournament in 1987.[10] In the same 1986–87 season, the NCAA adopted the three-pointer in women's basketball on an experimental basis, using the same 19 ft 9 in distance, and made its use mandatory beginning in 1987–88.[11] In 2007, the NCAA lengthened the men's three-point distance to 20 ft 9 in (6.32 m), with the rule coming into effect at the beginning of the 2008–09 season.[12] The NCAA women's three-point distance was moved to match the men's distance in 2011–12.[11] American high schools, along with elementary and middle schools, adopted a 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m) line nationally in 1987, a year after the NCAA.[13]

text: During the 1994–95, 1995–96, and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the distance of the line from 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m) (22 ft (6.71 m) at the corners) to a uniform 22 ft (6.71 m) around the basket. From the 1997–98 season on, the NBA reverted the line to its original distance of 23 ft 9 in (22 ft at the corners, with a 3 inch differential). Ray Allen is currently the NBA all-time leader in career made three-pointers with 2,973.[14]

text: In 2008, FIBA announced that the distance would be increased by 50 cm (19.69 in) to 6.75 m (22 ft 1 3⁄4 in), with the change being phased in beginning in October 2010. In December 2012, the WNBA announced that it would be using FIBA's distance, too, as of the 2013 season. The NBA has discussed adding a four-point line, according to president Rod Thorn.[15]

text: Rule specifications[edit]

text: A three-point line consists of an arc at a set radius measured from the point on the floor directly below the center of the basket, and two parallel lines equidistant from each sideline extending from the nearest end line to the point at which they intersect the arc. In the NBA and FIBA standard, the arc spans the width of the court until it is a specified minimum distance from each sideline. The three-point line then becomes parallel to the sidelines from those points to the baseline. The unusual formation of the three-point line at these levels allows players some space from which to attempt a three-point shot at the corners of the court; the arc would be less than 2 feet (0.61 m) from each sideline at the corners if it was a continuous arc. In the NCAA and American high school standards, the arc spans 180° around the basket, then becomes parallel to the sidelines from the plane of the basket center to the baseline (5 feet 3 inches or 1.60 metres). The distance of the three-point line to the center of the hoop varies by level:

text:
Arc radius
Minimum distance from sidelines

National Basketball Association
23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m)
3 feet (0.91 m)
[16]

FIBA (also used by WNBA)
6.75 meters (22 ft 2 in)
0.90 meters (2 ft 11 in)
[17]

National Collegiate Athletic Association
20 feet 9 inches (6.32 m)
4 feet 3 inches (1.30 m)
[18]

American High school basketball
19 feet 9 inches (6.02 m)
5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m)
[19]

text: A player's feet must be completely behind the three-point line at the time of the shot or jump in order to make a three-point attempt; if the player's feet are on or in front of the line, it is a two-point attempt. A player is allowed to jump from outside the line and land inside the line to make a three-point attempt, as long as the ball is released in mid-air.

text: An official raises his/her arm with three fingers extended to signal the shot attempt. If the attempt is successful, he/she raises his/her other arm with all fingers fully extended in manner similar to a football official signifying successful field goal to indicate the three-point goal. The official must recognize it for it to count as three points. Instant replay has sometimes been used, depending on league rules. The NBA,[20] WNBA, FIBA and the NCAA specifically allow replay for this purpose. In NBA, FIBA, and WNBA games, video replay does not have to occur immediately following a shot; play can continue and the officials can adjust the scoring later in the game, after reviewing the video. However, in late game situations, play may be paused pending a review.

text: If a shooter is fouled while attempting a three-pointer and subsequently misses the shot, the shooter is awarded three free-throw attempts. If a player completes a three-pointer while being fouled, the player is awarded one free-throw for a possible 4-point play. Conceivably, if a player completed a three-pointer while being fouled, and that foul was ruled as either a Flagrant 1 or a Flagrant 2 foul, the player would be awarded two free throws for a possible 5-point play.

text: Related concepts[edit]

text: Major League Lacrosse features a two-point line which forms a 15-yard (14 m) arc around the front of the goal. Shots taken from behind this line count for two points, as opposed to the standard one point.

text: In gridiron football, a standard field goal is worth three points; various professional and semi-pro leagues have experimented with four-point field goals. NFL Europe and the Stars Football League adopted a rule similar to basketball's three-point line in which an additional point was awarded for longer field goals; in both leagues any field goal of 50 yards (46 m) or more was worth four points. The Arena Football League awards four points for any successful drop kicked field goal (like the three-point shot, the drop kick is more challenging than a standard place kick, as the bounce of the ball makes a kick less predictable, and arena football also uses narrower goal posts for all kicks than the outdoor game does).

text: During the existence of the World Hockey Association in the 1970s, there were proposals for two-point hockey goals for shots taken beyond an established distance (one proposal was a 44-foot (13.4m) arc, which would have intersected the faceoff circles), but this proposal gained little support and faded after the WHA merged with the NHL. It was widely believed that long-distance shots in hockey had little direct relation to skill (usually resulting more from goalies' vision being screened or obscured), plus with the lower scoring intrinsic to the sport a two-point goal was seen as disruptive of the structure of the game.

text: The Super Goal is a similar concept in Australian rules football, in which a 50-meter (55 yd) arc determines the value of a goal; within the arc, it is the usual 6 points, but 9 points are scored for a "super goal" scored from outside the arc. To date the super goal is only used in pre-season games and not in the season proper.[21]

text: The National Professional Soccer League II, which awarded two points for all goals except those on the power play, also used a three-point line, drawn 45 feet (14 m) from the goal. It has since been adopted by some other indoor soccer leagues.