document_title: Four-point play

question_text: who leads the nba in 4 point plays

question_tokens: who leads the nba in 4 point plays

root

text: Four-point play

text: In basketball, a four-point play is the rare occasion when an offensive player shoots and makes a three-point field goal while simultaneously being fouled by a defensive player, resulting in a shooting foul and one free throw attempt, or a two-point field goal and is intentionally or flagrantly fouled on the shot and is awarded two free throws. If the player makes his/her free throws, they will have scored four points on a single possession.[1] The short-lived American Basketball League first introduced the four-point play to the game of basketball, and it was later adopted by the American Basketball Association during its inaugural season.[2] The National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced that rule in 1979; FIBA in 1984; the NCAA in 1986 (men only) and 1987 (women); middle and high schools in 1987; and the WNBA in 1997.

tag: p

text: Sam Smith of the Chicago Bulls completed the first four-point play in NBA history on October 21, 1979, in a game against the Milwaukee Bucks.[3] Dale Ellis was the first player in NBA history to complete two four-point plays in the same game when he did so in a win against the Sacramento Kings on January 26, 1988.[4] On April 29, 2009, James Jones completed two four-point plays in a span of eleven seconds.[5] As of March 6, 2017[update], Jamal Crawford is the league's career leader in regular-season four-point plays with 50, and 55 when including postseason play.[6][7]


document_title: Parallelogram

question_text: shape with 4 sides and no right angles

question_tokens: shape with 4 sides and no right angles

text: Parallelogram

text: Special cases[edit]

text:
Rhomboid – A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel and adjacent sides are unequal, and whose angles are not right angles[1]
Rectangle – A parallelogram with four angles of equal size.
Rhombus – A parallelogram with four sides of equal length.
Square – A parallelogram with four sides of equal length and angles of equal size (right angles).

tag: ul

text: Characterizations[edit]

text: A simple (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral is a parallelogram if and only if any one of the following statements is true:[2][3]

text:
Two pairs of opposite sides are equal in length.
Two pairs of opposite angles are equal in measure.
The diagonals bisect each other.
One pair of opposite sides are parallel and equal in length.
Adjacent angles are supplementary.
Each diagonal divides the quadrilateral into two congruent triangles.
The sum of the squares of the sides equals the sum of the squares of the diagonals. (This is the parallelogram law.)
It has rotational symmetry of order 2.
The sum of the distances from any interior point to the sides is independent of the location of the point.[4] (This is an extension of Viviani's theorem.)

text: Thus all parallelograms have all the properties listed above, and conversely, if just one of these statements is true in a simple quadrilateral, then it is a parallelogram.

text: Other properties[edit]

text:
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel (by definition) and so will never intersect.
The area of a parallelogram is twice the area of a triangle created by one of its diagonals.
The area of a parallelogram is also equal to the magnitude of the vector cross product of two adjacent sides.
Any line through the midpoint of a parallelogram bisects the area.[5]
Any non-degenerate affine transformation takes a parallelogram to another parallelogram.
A parallelogram has rotational symmetry of order 2 (through 180°) (or order 4 if a square). If it also has exactly two lines of reflectional symmetry then it must be a rhombus or an oblong (a non-square rectangle). If it has four lines of reflectional symmetry, it is a square.
The perimeter of a parallelogram is 2(a + b) where a and b are the lengths of adjacent sides.
Unlike any other convex polygon, a parallelogram cannot be inscribed in any triangle with less than twice its area.[6]
The centers of four squares all constructed either internally or externally on the sides of a parallelogram are the vertices of a square.[7]
If two lines parallel to sides of a parallelogram are constructed concurrent to a diagonal, then the parallelograms formed on opposite sides of that diagonal are equal in area.[7]
The diagonals of a parallelogram divide it into four triangles of equal area.

text: Area formula[edit]

text: All of the area formulas for general convex quadrilaterals apply to parallelograms. Further formulas are specific to parallelograms:

text: A parallelogram with base b and height h can be divided into a trapezoid and a right triangle, and rearranged into a rectangle, as shown in the figure to the left. This means that the area of a parallelogram is the same as that of a rectangle with the same base and height:

text: The base × height area formula can also be derived using the figure to the right. The area K of the parallelogram to the right (the blue area) is the total area of the rectangle less the area of the two orange triangles. The area of the rectangle is

text: and the area of a single orange triangle is

text: Therefore, the area of the parallelogram is

text: Another area formula, for two sides B and C and angle θ, is

text:
The area of a parallelogram with sides B and C (B ≠ C) and angle

γ

{\displaystyle \gamma }

 at the intersection of the diagonals is given by[8]

text: When the parallelogram is specified from the lengths B and C of two adjacent sides together with the length D1 of either diagonal, then the area can be found from Heron's formula. Specifically it is

text:
where

S
=
(
B
+
C
+

D

1

)

/

2

{\displaystyle S=(B+C+D_{1})/2}

 and the leading factor 2 comes from the fact that the number of congruent triangles that the chosen diagonal divides the parallelogram into is two.

text: Area in terms of Cartesian coordinates of vertices[edit]

text:
Let vectors

a

,

b

∈

R

2

{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} ,\mathbf {b} \in \mathbb {R} ^{2}}

 and let

V
=

[

a

1

a

2

b

1

b

2

]

∈

R

2
×
2

{\displaystyle V={\begin{bmatrix}a_{1}&a_{2}\\b_{1}&b_{2}\end{bmatrix}}\in \mathbb {R} ^{2\times 2}}

 denote the matrix with elements of a and b. Then the area of the parallelogram generated by a and b is equal to

|

det
(
V
)

|

=

|

a

1

b

2

−

a

2

b

1

|

{\displaystyle |\det(V)|=|a_{1}b_{2}-a_{2}b_{1}|\,}

.

text:
Let vectors

a

,

b

∈

R

n

{\displaystyle \mathbf {a} ,\mathbf {b} \in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}

 and let

V
=

[

a

1

a

2

…

a

n

b

1

b

2

…

b

n

]

∈

R

2
×
n

{\displaystyle V={\begin{bmatrix}a_{1}&a_{2}&\dots &a_{n}\\b_{1}&b_{2}&\dots &b_{n}\end{bmatrix}}\in \mathbb {R} ^{2\times n}}

. Then the area of the parallelogram generated by a and b is equal to

det
(
V

V

T

)

{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\det(VV^{\mathrm {T} })}}}

.

text:
Let points

a
,
b
,
c
∈

R

2

{\displaystyle a,b,c\in \mathbb {R} ^{2}}

. Then the area of the parallelogram with vertices at a, b and c is equivalent to the absolute value of the determinant of a matrix built using a, b and c as rows with the last column padded using ones as follows:

text: Proof that diagonals bisect each other[edit]

text: To prove that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, we will use congruent triangles:

text: (since these are angles that a transversal makes with parallel lines AB and DC).

text: Also, side AB is equal in length to side DC, since opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal in length.

text: Therefore, triangles ABE and CDE are congruent (ASA postulate, two corresponding angles and the included side).

text: Therefore,

text: Since the diagonals AC and BD divide each other into segments of equal length, the diagonals bisect each other.

text: Separately, since the diagonals AC and BD bisect each other at point E, point E is the midpoint of each diagonal.

text: Parallelograms arising from other figures[edit]

text: Automedian triangle[edit]

text: An automedian triangle is one whose medians are in the same proportions as its sides (though in a different order). If ABC is an automedian triangle in which vertex A stands opposite the side a, G is the centroid (where the three medians of ABC intersect), and AL is one of the extended medians of ABC with L lying on the circumcircle of ABC, then BGCL is a parallelogram.

text: Varignon parallelogram[edit]

text: The midpoints of the sides of an arbitrary quadrilateral are the vertices of a parallelogram, called its Varignon parallelogram. If the quadrilateral is convex or concave (that is, not self-intersecting), then the area of the Varignon parallelogram is half the area of the quadrilateral.

text: Tangent parallelogram of an ellipse[edit]

text: For an ellipse, two diameters are said to be conjugate if and only if the tangent line to the ellipse at an endpoint of one diameter is parallel to the other diameter. Each pair of conjugate diameters of an ellipse has a corresponding tangent parallelogram, sometimes called a bounding parallelogram, formed by the tangent lines to the ellipse at the four endpoints of the conjugate diameters. All tangent parallelograms for a given ellipse have the same area.

text: It is possible to reconstruct an ellipse from any pair of conjugate diameters, or from any tangent parallelogram.

text: Faces of a parallelepiped[edit]

text: A parallelepiped is a three-dimensional figure whose six faces are parallelograms.


document_title: Captain Kangaroo

question_text: who played the dancing bear on captain kangaroo

text: Captain Kangaroo

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Bob Keeshan as Captain Kangaroo, Mr. Pennywhistle, Mr. Doodle, Wally and the Town Clown
Hugh "Lumpy" Brannum as Mr. Green Jeans, the New Old Folk Singer, Percy, Uncle Backwards, Mr. McGregor, and Mr. Bainter the Painter
Cosmo Allegretti appeared as Mr. Bunny Rabbit and Mr. Moose (both of which he also created), Dennis the Apprentice, Willy, Miss Frog, Mr. Whispers, Dancing Bear, Grandfather Clock, and Uncle Ralph. He was the voice of Aniforms puppet TV Fred (a live-action on-screen puppet that appeared behind the blackboard in the Treasure House), and was the artist behind the Magic Drawing Board.[5][6]

text:
Sam Levine as The Banana Man; the character was created by Adolph Proper.[7][8]
Bill Cosby as himself, the host of the Picture Pages segment (1980–1984)
Debbie Weems appeared as Debbie (1973–1978); she also provided the voice for the puppet character Baby Duck.
James Wall as Mr. Baxter (1968–1978)
Carolyn Mignini as Kathy and other female roles (1981–1993)
Kevin Clash as the puppet character Artie (1980–1984) and as himself and acted in many of the sketches
John Burstein as Slim Goodbody (1976–1981)
Bill McCutcheon as Mr. Homan (1965–1966)
Dr. Joyce Brothers as herself for three seasons

text: Format[edit]

text: The show did not have a strict format, other than the entire program taking place in and around the Treasure House or the Captain's Place, where the Captain would interact with puppets, guests, or other members of the cast. Even the opening sequence could change. The show generally began with the theme music starting up, then the Captain would unlock and open the doors of the Treasure House from the inside, and viewers would catch their first glimpse of him. Then he would put the Treasure House keys on a nail, and the music would stop. However, sometimes the Captain could not get the keys to stay on the nail, and when they fell off, the theme music would begin playing again.

text: One never knew exactly what would happen from one episode to the next, although at certain times of the year, such as the Christmas season, paper cutout versions of such stories as The Littlest Snowman would be shown.

text: Cartoons[edit]

text: Several cartoon shorts were featured over the course of the series' run, including:

text: A cartoon starring a funnel-capped shape-shifting boy named Tom Terrific was part of the show in the 1950s and 1960s. Tom had a sidekick named Mighty Manfred the Wonder Dog, and a nemesis, Crabby Appleton. Other cartoons included Lariat Sam, which was developed by veteran game show announcer Gene Wood, then a show staffer (who also sang the cartoon's theme song).

text: The British cartoon Simon in the Land of Chalk Drawings appeared in the 1970s, featuring a child with magic chalk who could create all sorts of short-lived creations in short adventures. (The original version featured a British narrator, Bernard Cribbins, but Keeshan's voice was dubbed onto the cartoons for their U.S. airing).

text: Another British-produced cartoon, Ludwig, about a magical egg-shaped robot, was also included around the same time as Simon. The cartoon's musical score consisted of selections from the works of Beethoven.

text: Also appearing in the 1970s was The Most Important Person, a short series of five-minute segments on the importance of life, and The Kingdom of Could Be You, a short series of five-minute segments on the importance of careers and the work world.

text: The cartoon series called The Toothbrush Family was based on an extended family of hygiene utensils, as the name suggests; they would embark on adventures based in the bathroom, like water skiing in the tub, or rescuing friends caught in the drain. Episodes were generally a few minutes each and basically revolved around teaching children the importance of dental care.

text: A silent cartoon in the 1970s named Crystal Tipps featured the adventures of a young girl. Later reruns were narrated by the voice of Mr. Moose. Another British favorite, The Wombles, was also featured.

text: The Red & Blue shorts from Italy were also shown.

text: The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo, featuring a family of sea explorers, was featured, as well.

text: "Good morning, Captain!"[edit]

text: Beginning in 1974 and continuing throughout the rest of the 1970s and into the 1980s, the show opened with different people wishing the Captain "good morning". Many of the openings featured noncelebrities, but some featured stars from TV shows, most of which broadcast over CBS, such as The Bob Newhart Show, The Price is Right, Match Game, M*A*S*H, and One Day at a Time, as well as other characters with a connection to another network, including William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy, dressed as Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock, characters from the Peanuts cartoons, and Fred Rogers from Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. The montage of "good mornings" always ended with the Captain himself returning the greeting before the opening credits ran.

text: Regular features[edit]

text: Other regular features included The Magic Drawing Board and the Captain's "Reading Stories" sessions, which introduced kids to stories such as Curious George, Make Way for Ducklings, Stone Soup, Caps for Sale, and Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel.[9] The Sweet Pickles books were also featured.

text: Songs included "Captain Kangaroo", "The Captain's Place", "Little Mary Make Believe", "Dennis Anyone", "Guess Who I Am", "Little Black Frog", "How Does the Jelly Get in the Donut", "There's a Hole in the Bottom of the Sea", "Erie Canal", "Horse in Striped Pajamas", "The Littlest Snowman", "Daniel the Cocker Spaniel", "You Can Grow Up to Be President", "Spend Some Time With Your Child", and many more. Carmino Ravosa was a songwriter on the show from 1975 to 1977.[10] On the first show of every month, the Captain had a birthday cake for all of the children with birthdays that month.

text: Keeshan also had a recurring role as the Town Clown, a pantomime piece that took place in and around the exposed wagon home of a tramp-like circus clown. Like the character Clarabelle that he played on Howdy Doody, the Town Clown never spoke.

text: Favorite characters on the show were Grandfather Clock (voiced by Cosmo Allegretti), Rollo the Hippo, and Dancing Bear. Dancing Bear was mute and only appeared in short subject features. He often danced waltzes to background music.

text: One of the show's long-running gags was the "Ping-Pong Ball Drop", instigated by the telling of a joke (usually a knock-knock joke) by Mr. Moose, in which the punchline included the words "ping-pong balls". At the mention of those three words, a shower of ping-pong balls was released from above on the Captain.

text: The show often had simple black light theatre segments using paper or cardboard cutouts. A notable recording of a popular song, such as Judy Garland's Decca recording of "Over the Rainbow" (from The Wizard of Oz), Mary Martin singing "Never Never Land" (from the original cast recording of the musical Peter Pan), or Danny Kaye singing "Inchworm" (from the Decca recording of the songs from Hans Christian Andersen) were heard while the cutouts played on the screen, animated by a concealed puppeteer. On other occasions, full-fledged hand puppets "performed" to the song being played (as in the case when a hand puppet dressed in Spanish clothing performed to a recording of tenor Allan Jones singing "The Donkey Serenade").

text: Familiar props included a mockup of a talking cathedral-style radio that Keeshan simply called Radio. Keeshan would turn the large knobs on Radio to get a conversation going. Reminiscent of the old Atwater Kent cathedrals, Radio had a rather interesting conversation with a smaller transistor radio in one show. Also featured was a huge Colgate toothpaste box with a large windup or clockwork key on the side. Keeshan turned the key to play a jingle ("Colgate Fluoride M-F-P/Helps Prevent the Cavity/And it Tastes Great, Naturally!") for the show's sponsor, Colgate Toothpaste.

text: At the end of each episode, the Captain always encouraged parents watching the show to spend some quality time with their children every day, and he often demonstrated various creative ways in which to do so.

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The original theme song to Captain Kangaroo (titled "Puffin' Billy") was used from 1955 to 1974. It was an instrumental, written by Edward G. White and recorded by the Melodi Light Orchestra. The track was from a British stock music production library known as the Chappell Recorded Music Library, which was sold through a New York agency called Emil Ascher. The tune's original title referred to a British steam locomotive. This tune was used on other programs on both sides of the Atlantic. For example, two years before Captain Kangaroo, it served as the wrap-up music for an episode of the radio program Rocky Fortune called "Murder Among the Statues". In the United Kingdom, it became famous as the theme to the weekly BBC radio program Children's Favourites from 1952 to 1966, and is still widely recognised by the postwar generation. It was later used in the Enid Blyton parody Five Go Mad in Dorset and in a number of British TV advertisements, including a Captain Sensible spot. The "Puffin' Billy" theme played as the opening of each episode, with the music continuing until the Captain hung his large ring of keys on a nail (which seemed to act as a switch to turn off the music). If the Captain's keys ever slipped off the nail, the music began playing again. In 1957, lyricist Mary Rogers penned lyrics to the tune, creating a newly titled Captain Kangaroo song.

text: In 1974, a new theme song titled "Good Morning, Captain" was composed for Captain Kangaroo, written by Robert L. Brush. As the new theme used similar melodic elements from the original theme, Edward G. White's name was added to the song credits. However, due to copyright issues, the song was re-recorded in 1979 without the portion of "Puffin' Billy" featured in the first version.

text: During the brief Wake Up With the Captain era, a theme titled "Wake Up" was used, but was dropped after the program moved to weekends, when the second version of "Good Morning, Captain" was reinstated.

text: For the show's later PBS run, Schoolhouse Rock mainstay Lynn Ahrens (who composed and performed a few Captain Kangaroo songs herself) wrote a new theme, entitled "Here Comes Captain Kangaroo".

text: The theme song for All New Captain Kangaroo used the opening notes and part of the melody of the original theme as its introduction.

text: Bob Keeshan also recorded music for both Columbia Records and Golden Records, aimed at introducing all kinds of music to children.[11]

text: Schedule history[edit]

text: While Captain Kangaroo was still in planning stages, CBS executives had the idea of hiring Al Lewis, a kids' show host in Cincinnati (ABC was running Lewis's show at that time), to host their show, but Lewis's managers refused to release him from his contract. Lewis's local kids' show went off the air in Cincinnati a year after Captain Kangaroo left CBS.

text: For the first three months, Captain Kangaroo was only seen on weekday mornings. From then until 1968, the show was also seen on Saturday mornings, except in the 1964-1965 season, when it was replaced by a Keeshan vehicle called Mr. Mayor. After 1968, the show was again seen only on weekdays. Except for pre-emption by news or special events, notably the three-day continuous coverage which followed the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy, and a few shows that were 45 minutes, the show aired a full 60 minutes on weekday mornings until 1981. It was broadcast in color from September 9, 1966 onward. The time slot for the show was 8:00 to 9:00 am EST, after which CBS allowed most affiliate stations to air local programming or blocks of sitcom reruns, game shows, or talk shows until time for the network's soap opera time slots.

text: The audience of children could never compete in the ratings with such entertainment/news shows as The Today Show, although Captain Kangaroo won Emmy Awards three times as Outstanding Children's entertainment series in 1978–1979, 1982–1983, and 1983–1984. In the fall of 1981, to make more room for the expansion of CBS Morning News, the Captain was moved to an earlier time slot of 7:00 am and cut to 30 minutes, sporting the new title Wake Up with the Captain. The show was moved again in the spring of 1982 to 6:30 am, a time when few children (or adults) were awake. In the fall of 1982, it returned to an hour format, but was moved to Saturday mornings at 7:00 am Eastern Time and 6:00 am in other time zones. Reruns from the previous season were offered to CBS affiliates to run Sunday morning in place of the cartoon reruns offered before, but most declined. One-third of affiliates no longer ran the show at all after 1982, and it was again reduced to a half-hour in the fall of 1984. Angered over the reduction of his program for the second time, Keeshan chose to step down at the end of 1984, after his contract with CBS expired.

text: Just over a year later, in October 13, 1986, Captain Kangaroo returned in reruns on PBS television stations, with funding from public television stations, School Zone Publishing Company, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. American Public Television, then known as the Interregional Program Service, distributed the show, along with Britder Associates (Keeshan's production company), and the Riehl Company, owned by former WPBT station manager Dale Riehl.

text: The show was on the air for 29 years, making it one of the longest-running network children's program series. Sesame Street, which still airs, holds the record at 47 years and counting. Several of the original Sesame Street writers and producers were former members of the Captain Kangaroo staff, and were hired by Children's Television Workshop to help write, produce and direct the new program when it went on the air in 1969.

text: The original director of the program was Peter Birch, who helmed the program for its first 25 years. Producer Jim Hirschfeld took over as director following Birch's heart attack in 1980 and continued directing, as well as producing throughout the rest of the show's run, including the new segments inserted into the PBS reruns, until it went off the air in 1993.

text: The cast of Captain Kangaroo also hosted the CBS coverage of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade for several years in the 1960s.

text: Schwinn marketing[edit]

text: From the late 1950s, the Schwinn Bicycle Company made use of children's television programming to expand its dominance of the child and youth bicycle markets. The company was an early sponsor (from 1958) of Captain Kangaroo. The Captain himself was enlisted to sell Schwinn-brand bicycles to the show's audience, typically six years old and under.[12] At the end of each live Schwinn marketing promotion, Bob Keeshan would intone, "Schwinn bikes--the quality bikes--are best!" and "Prices slightly higher in the South and in the West". The on-air marketing program was deemed successful by Schwinn, and the company increased its market share of child and youth bicycles throughout the 1960s.[13]

text: The marketing program continued through the 1971 season, when the Federal Trade Commission's Staff Report, Guidelines on Advertising to Children, recommended against Schwinn's on-air marketing practices using the show's host. In response, Schwinn and the show's writers altered the format in 1972. The Captain no longer insisted that his viewers purchase a Schwinn, but instead made regular on-air consultations of a new character, Mr. Schwinn Dealer.[12] A 1973 internal company news article concluded that the show's child audience had difficulty separating Schwinn's sales pitch from the regular content of the show.[12]

text: Popular culture[edit]

text: Rock musician Frank Zappa wrote a composition named "Mr. Green Genes" on his album Uncle Meat and a sequel, "Son of Mr. Green Genes" on his album Hot Rats. This led to the urban legend that Zappa was the son of Hugh Brannum, who played Mr. Green Jeans. Zappa officially dispelled this myth in his 1989 autobiography, The Real Frank Zappa Book, as did Keeshan in his 1996 autobiography, Good Morning, Captain.[14]

text: Many popular songs make reference to Captain Kangaroo, including the Statler Brothers' 1965 hit song "Flowers on the Wall", the "Weird Al" Yankovic song "The Brady Bunch", the Bloodhound Gang's "Your Only Friends Are Make Believe",[citation needed] and Slint's 'Good Morning Captain'.

text: In the 1975 TV series The Shari Show, hosted by puppeteer and ventriloquist Shari Lewis, one of the puppets is a kangaroo named "Captain Person", who is the host of a children's TV show.[15]

text: In the 1995 film Die Hard with a Vengeance, John McClane claims that he watched Captain Kangaroo while on suspension from the NYPD.

text: The character of Captain Kangaroo himself was given a brief cameo in the 2009 action comedy Black Dynamite, a parody of 1970s Blaxploitation films.[16]

text: Reboot[edit]

text: In 1997–1998, a rebooted series titled The All New Captain Kangaroo was created by Saban Entertainment. John McDonough played the Captain on this version, which was shot in Tampa, Florida. Keeshan was invited to appear as a special guest called "The Admiral", but after seeing sample episodes, he declined to appear or have any association with the new incarnation.[citation needed] It ran for one season in syndication and inspired a spin-off show, Mister Moose's Fun Time; it served as the centerpiece for a programming block on the then newly launched Fox Family Channel (half-owned by Saban), dubbed Captain Kangaroo's Treasure House, from 1998 to 2000; the block also featured reruns of Shining Time Station and Magic Adventures of Mumfie.

text: In 2011, the trademark for Captain Kangaroo was acquired by the Cashin Comedy Co.[17] In a blog, the Captain is portrayed by Pat Cashin, an entertainer and professional clown.[18] Cashin died unexpectedly at the age of 48, leaving the rights to the character with his estate. As of late 2016, the rights to the character are for sale.[19]


document_title: List of films based on Marvel Comics

question_text: what was the first marvel super hero movie

text: List of films based on Marvel Comics

text: Live-action films[edit]

text: Live-action feature films and shorts produced by Marvel Studios are set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) unless otherwise noted.

text:
Year
Title
Production studio(s)
Notes

1944
Captain America
Republic Pictures
15-chapter serial film; Marvel was then known as Timely Comics

1986
Howard the Duck
Universal Pictures
Co-produced by Lucasfilm

1989
The Punisher
New World Pictures
Direct-to-video in U.S.; limited theatrical release internationally

1990
Captain America
21st Century Film Corporation
Co-produced by Jadran Film; direct-to-video in U.S.; limited theatrical release internationally

1994
The Fantastic Four
Constantin Film
Unreleased

1998
Blade
New Line Cinema

2000
X-Men
20th Century Fox

2002
Blade II
New Line Cinema

Spider-Man
Columbia Pictures
Nominated for 2 Oscars

2003
Daredevil
20th Century Fox
Co-produced by Regency Enterprises

X2

Hulk
Universal Pictures

2004
The Punisher
Artisan Entertainment
Distributed by Lionsgate Films in the U.S. and Canada and Columbia Pictures in other territories

Spider-Man 2
Columbia Pictures
Won 1 Oscar, nominated for 2 more

Blade: Trinity
New Line Cinema

2005
Elektra
20th Century Fox
Co-produced by Regency Enterprises

Fantastic Four

2006
X-Men: The Last Stand

2007
Ghost Rider
Columbia Pictures

Spider-Man 3

Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer
20th Century Fox

2008
Iron Man
Marvel Studios
Distributed by Paramount Pictures;1 nominated for 2 Oscars

The Incredible Hulk
Distributed by Universal Pictures

Punisher: War Zone
Lionsgate Films
Co-produced by Marvel Studios under Marvel Knights banner; distributed by Columbia Pictures outside the United States; not part of MCU

2009
X-Men Origins: Wolverine
20th Century Fox

2010
Iron Man 2
Marvel Studios
Distributed by Paramount Pictures;1 nominated for 1 Oscar

2011
Thor
Distributed by Paramount Pictures1

X-Men: First Class
20th Century Fox

Captain America: The First Avenger
Marvel Studios
Distributed by Paramount Pictures1

Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance
Columbia Pictures
Co-produced by Marvel Studios under Marvel Knights banner; not part of MCU

2012
The Avengers
Marvel Studios
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures starts distributing Marvel Studios films;2 nominated for 1 Oscar

The Amazing Spider-Man
Columbia Pictures

2013
Iron Man 3
Marvel Studios
Nominated for 1 Oscar

The Wolverine
20th Century Fox

Thor: The Dark World
Marvel Studios

2014
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
Nominated for 1 Oscar

The Amazing Spider-Man 2
Columbia Pictures

X-Men: Days of Future Past
20th Century Fox
Nominated for 1 Oscar

Guardians of the Galaxy
Marvel Studios
Nominated for 2 Oscars

2015
Avengers: Age of Ultron

Ant-Man

Fantastic Four
20th Century Fox

2016
Deadpool

Captain America: Civil War
Marvel Studios

X-Men: Apocalypse
20th Century Fox

Doctor Strange
Marvel Studios
Nominated for 1 Oscar

2017
Logan
20th Century Fox
Nominated for 1 Oscar

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
Marvel Studios
Nominated for 1 Oscar

Spider-Man: Homecoming
Columbia Pictures /
Marvel Studios
Distributed by Sony Pictures; part of the MCU.[3]

Thor: Ragnarok
Marvel Studios

2018
Black Panther

Avengers: Infinity War

Deadpool 2
20th Century Fox

Upcoming

2018
Ant-Man and the Wasp
Marvel Studios
Post-production[4][5][6]

Venom
Columbia Pictures

2019
Dark Phoenix
20th Century Fox

Captain Marvel
Marvel Studios
Filming[7]

Untitled Avengers film
Post-production[8]

Gambit
20th Century Fox
In development[9]

Untitled Spider-Man: Homecoming sequel
Columbia Pictures /
Marvel Studios
Pre-production;[10] to be distributed by Sony Pictures; part of the MCU[11]

The New Mutants
20th Century Fox
Post-production[12]

2020
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3
Marvel Studios
In development[13]

tag: table

text: Short films[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Production
studio(s)
Appearance
Length
Collection

2011
The Consultant
Marvel Studios /
Ebeling Group
Thor Blu-ray release
4 minutes
Marvel One-Shots

A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor's Hammer
Captain America: The First Avenger Blu-ray release
4 minutes

2012
Item 47
Marvel Studios /
M3 Creative
The Avengers Blu-ray release
12 minutes

2013
Agent Carter
Marvel Studios
Iron Man 3 Blu-ray release and digital download
15 minutes

2014
All Hail the King
Thor: The Dark World Blu-ray release and digital download
14 minutes

2016
Team Thor
Captain America: Civil War Blu-ray release
4 minutes
None

2017
Team Thor: Part 2, Where Are They Now?
Doctor Strange Blu-ray release
5 minutes

No Good Deed
20th Century Fox
Released theatrically before Logan and free online
4 minutes

2018
Team Darryl
Marvel Studios
Thor: Ragnarok Blu-ray release
6 minutes

text: From Marvel imprints[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Production studio(s)
Notes

From Icon Comics

2010
Kick-Ass
Marv Films / Plan B Entertainment
Distributed by Lionsgate Films in the U.S. and Canada and Universal Studios in other territories

2013
Kick-Ass 2
Marv Films / Plan B Entertainment
Distributed by Universal Studios

2015
Kingsman: The Secret Service
Marv Films / Shangri-La Entertainment / TSG Entertainment
Distributed by 20th Century Fox

2017
Kingsman: The Golden Circle
Marv Films / TSG Entertainment

From Malibu Comics

1993
Hardcase
Malibu Films
6-minute short film; VHS released by Wizard to promote the launch of the Ultraverse line

Firearm
35-minute mid-short film; VHS released with Firearm comic book issue #0

1997
Nightman: World Premiere
Alliance Films
Two-part pilot from Night Man series aired as television film

Men in Black
Columbia Pictures / Amblin Entertainment / Parkes/MacDonald Productions / Image Nation
Won 1 Oscar, nominated for 2 more

2002
Men in Black II

2012
Men in Black 3

2019
Untitled Men in Black spin-off film[14]
Columbia Pictures / Amblin Entertainment
Upcoming reboot/spin-off of the Men in Black franchise

text: Television films[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Production company
Notes

1977
Spider-Man
Charles Fries Productions
Backdoor pilot episode of The Amazing Spider-Man TV series; limited theatrical release internationally

The Incredible Hulk
Universal Television
Backdoor pilot episodes of The Incredible Hulk TV series; limited theatrical releases internationally

Return of the Incredible Hulk

1978
Dr. Strange
Pilot episode for an unproduced TV series

1979
Captain America

Captain America II: Death Too Soon

1988
The Incredible Hulk Returns
New World Television /
Bixby-Brandon Productions
Revival attempts of The Incredible Hulk TV series

1989
The Trial of the Incredible Hulk

1990
The Death of the Incredible Hulk

1996
Generation X
New World Television

1998
Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
20th Century Fox Television
Pilot episode for an unproduced TV series

2005
Man-Thing
Lionsgate Films /
Artisan Entertainment
Television premiere in U.S. on Syfy channel; limited theatrical release internationally; Originally intended for direct-to-video and U.S. theater release[15][16]

text: Episodes as films[edit]

text: The following films were television series episodes released as feature films, television films or direct-to-video movies.

text:
Year
Title
Series
Production company
Notes

1978
The Incredible Hulk: Married
The Incredible Hulk
Universal Television
Titled The Bride of the Incredible Hulk for some video releases

Spider-Man Strikes Back
The Amazing Spider-Man
Charles Fries Productions
Composite of the two-part episode Deadly Dust

1979
Spider-Man: The Dragon's Challenge
Composite of the two-part episode The Chinese Web

2007
Blade: House of Chthon
Blade: The Series
New Line Television
Released on DVD in unrated expanded format with harsher language and frontal nudity

2017
Inhumans
Inhumans
ABC Studios /
Marvel Television
The two first episodes of the series, Behold... The Inhumans and Those Who Would Destroy Us, debuted in IMAX theaters,[17] and ran for two weeks before its television premiere on ABC;[18] The episodes were billed as "The First Chapter" of Inhumans: A Marvel Television Series;[19] Part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe

text: Animated films[edit]

text: All feature animated films are released direct-to-video, except as indicated.

text:
Year
Title
Production studio
Notes

2006
Ultimate Avengers
MLG Productions
Marvel Animated Features; distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment

Ultimate Avengers 2

2007
The Invincible Iron Man

Doctor Strange: The Sorcerer Supreme

2008
Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow

2009
Hulk Versus

2010
Planet Hulk

2011
Thor: Tales of Asgard

2013
Iron Man: Rise of Technovore
Madhouse
Marvel Anime; distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

Iron Man & Hulk: Heroes United
Marvel Animation
CGI and hand drawn animation

2014
Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher
Madhouse
Marvel Anime; distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment

Iron Man & Captain America: Heroes United
Marvel Animation
CGI and hand drawn animation; digital release only

Big Hero 6
Walt Disney Animation Studios
Owned by Walt Disney Animation Studios.[20] Won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature; theatrically released; CGI animation.

2015
Marvel Super Hero Adventures: Frost Fight!
Marvel Animation
Digital HD and on-demand; Christmas special.[21]

2016
Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell
Digital HD and on-demand[22][23]

Upcoming

2018
Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors
Marvel Animation

Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
Sony Pictures Animation
For theatrical release; post-production

text: Television films[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Production company
Notes

1980
Dracula: Sovereign of the Damned
Toei Animation
Anime; television movies loosely based on The Tomb of Dracula and The Monster of Frankenstein, respectively.

1981
Kyoufu Densetsu Kaiki! Frankenstein

2017
Baymax Returns
Walt Disney Television
The first two episodes of Big Hero 6: The Series. Released on Disney XD.

text: Lego versions[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Production studio
Notes

2013
Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Maximum Overload
Arc Productions
Aired on Disney.com[24] Short film

2015
Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Avengers Reassembled
Aired on Disney XD[25][26][27] Short films

2017
Lego Marvel Super Heroes - Guardians of the Galaxy: The Thanos Threat
The Lego Group

2018
Lego Marvel Super Heroes - Black Panther: Trouble in Wakanda

text: Short films[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Production studio
Notes

2010
Marvel Super Heroes 4D (London)
Threshold Animation Studios
Part of an attraction at Madame Tussauds.

2012
Marvel Super Heroes 4D (New York)

2013
Marvel Super Heroes 4D (Las Vegas)

Marvel Super Heroes 4D (Bali)

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text:
Title
Distributor(s)
Release date
(United States)
Budget
(in millions)
Box office gross[28]

Opening weekend
(North America)
North America
Other territories
Worldwide

Howard the Duck
Universal Pictures
August 1, 1986
$37
$5,070,136
$16,295,774
$21,667,000
$37,962,774

Blade
New Line Cinema
August 21, 1998
$45
$17,073,856
$70,087,718
$61,095,812
$131,183,530

X-Men
20th Century Fox
July 14, 2000
$75
$54,471,475
$157,299,717
$139,039,810
$296,339,527

Blade II
New Line Cinema
March 22, 2002
$54
$32,528,016
$82,348,319
$72,661,713
$155,010,032

Spider-Man
Sony Pictures
May 3, 2002
$139
$114,844,116
$403,706,375
$418,002,176
$821,708,551

Daredevil
20th Century Fox
February 14, 2003
$78
$40,310,419
$102,543,518
$76,636,200
$179,179,718

X2
May 2, 2003
$110
$85,558,731
$214,949,694
$192,761,855
$407,711,549

Hulk
Universal Pictures
June 20, 2003
$137
$62,128,420
$132,177,234
$113,183,246
$245,360,480

The Punisher
Lionsgate Films
April 16, 2004
$33
$13,834,527
$33,810,189
$20,889,916
$54,700,105

Spider-Man 2
Sony Pictures
June 30, 2004
$200
$88,156,227
$373,585,825
$410,180,516
$783,766,341

Blade: Trinity
New Line Cinema
December 8, 2004
$65
$16,061,271
$52,411,906
$76,493,460
$128,905,366

Elektra
20th Century Fox
January 14, 2005
$43
$12,804,793
$24,409,722
$32,271,844
$56,681,566

Fantastic Four
July 8, 2005
$100
$56,061,504
$154,696,080
$175,883,639
$330,579,719

X-Men: The Last Stand
May 26, 2006
$210
$102,750,665
$234,362,462
$224,997,093
$459,359,555

Ghost Rider
Sony Pictures
February 16, 2007
$110
$45,388,836
$115,802,596
$112,935,797
$228,738,393

Spider-Man 3
May 4, 2007
$258
$151,116,516
$336,530,303
$554,341,323
$890,871,626

Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer
20th Century Fox
June 15, 2007
$130
$58,051,684
$131,921,738
$157,126,025
$289,047,763

Iron Man
Paramount Pictures
May 2, 2008
$140
$98,618,668
$318,412,101
$266,762,121
$585,174,222

The Incredible Hulk
Universal Pictures
June 13, 2008
$150
$55,414,050
$134,806,913
$128,620,638
$263,427,551

Punisher: War Zone
Lionsgate Films
December 5, 2008
$35
$4,271,451
$8,050,977
$2,049,059
$10,100,036

X-Men Origins: Wolverine
20th Century Fox
May 1, 2009
$150
$85,058,003
$179,883,157
$193,179,707
$373,062,864

Iron Man 2
Paramount Pictures
May 7, 2010
$200
$128,122,480
$312,433,331
$311,500,000
$623,933,331

Thor
May 6, 2011
$150
$65,723,338
$181,030,624
$268,295,994
$449,326,618

X-Men: First Class
20th Century Fox
June 3, 2011
$160
$55,101,604
$146,408,305
$207,215,819
$353,624,124

Captain America: The First Avenger
Paramount Pictures
July 22, 2011
$140
$65,058,524
$176,654,505
$193,915,269
$370,569,774

Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance
Sony Pictures
February 17, 2012
$57
$22,115,334
$51,774,002
$80,789,928
$132,563,930

The Avengers
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
May 4, 2012
$220
$207,438,708
$623,357,910
$895,455,078
$1,518,812,988

The Amazing Spider-Man
Sony Pictures
July 3, 2012
$230
$62,004,688
$262,030,663
$495,900,000
$757,930,663

Iron Man 3
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
May 3, 2013
$200
$174,144,585
$409,013,994
$805,797,258
$1,214,811,252

The Wolverine
20th Century Fox
July 26, 2013
$120
$53,113,752
$132,550,960
$282,271,394
$414,828,246

Thor: The Dark World
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
November 8, 2013
$170
$85,737,841
$206,362,140
$438,209,262
$644,571,402

Captain America: The Winter Soldier
April 4, 2014
$170
$95,023,721
$259,766,572
$454,497,695
$714,264,267

The Amazing Spider-Man 2
Sony Pictures
May 2, 2014
$255
$91,608,337
$202,853,933
$506,128,390
$708,982,323

X-Men: Days of Future Past
20th Century Fox
May 23, 2014
$200
$90,823,660
$233,921,534
$513,941,241
$747,862,775

Guardians of the Galaxy
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
August 1, 2014
$170
$94,320,883
$333,176,600
$440,152,029
$773,328,629

Big Hero 6
November 7, 2014
$165
$56,215,889
$222,527,828
$435,290,784
$657,818,612

Avengers: Age of Ultron
May 1, 2015
$250
$191,271,109
$459,005,868
$946,397,826
$1,405,403,694

Ant-Man
July 17, 2015
$130
$57,225,526
$180,202,163
$339,109,802
$519,311,965

Fantastic Four
20th Century Fox
August 7, 2015
$120
$25,685,737
$56,117,548
$111,860,048
$167,977,596

Deadpool
February 12, 2016
$58
$132,434,600
$363,070,709
$420,042,270
$783,112,979

Captain America: Civil War
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
May 6, 2016
$250
$179,139,142
$408,084,349
$745,220,146
$1,153,304,495

X-Men: Apocalypse
20th Century Fox
May 27, 2016
$178
$65,769,562
$155,442,489
$388,492,298
$543,934,787

Doctor Strange
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
November 4, 2016
$165
$85,058,311
$232,641,920
$445,076,475
$677,718,395

Logan
20th Century Fox
March 3, 2017
$97
$88,411,916
$226,277,068
$390,518,532
$616,795,600

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
May 5, 2017
$200
$146,510,104
$389,813,101
$473,942,950
$863,756,051

Spider-Man: Homecoming
Sony Pictures
July 7, 2017
$175
$117,027,503
$334,201,140
$545,965,784
$880,166,924

Inhumans
IMAX Entertainment
September 1, 2017
N/A
$1,500,000
$1,521,787
$1,330,495
$2,852,282

Thor: Ragnarok
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
November 3, 2017
$180
$122,744,989
$315,058,289
$538,918,837
$853,977,126

Black Panther
February 16, 2018
$200
$202,003,951
$699,613,337
$646,523,575
$1,346,136,912

Avengers: Infinity War
April 27, 2018
$316
$257,698,183
$664,346,211
$1,356,124,742
$2,020,470,953

Deadpool 2
20th Century Fox
May 18, 2018
$110
$125,507,153
$294,562,309
$395,129,033
$689,691,342

Total
$7,318,000,000
$4,346,863,819
$11,571,209,394
$17,250,640,817
$29,629,193,449

Average
$143,490,196
$85,232,624
$226,886,459
$338,247,859
$580,964,577

text: Critical and public reception[edit]

text:
Film
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic
CinemaScore

Howard the Duck
15% (46 reviews)[29]

The Punisher (1989)
28% (18 reviews)[30]

Captain America
000000000008-01-01-00008% (13 reviews)[31]

The Fantastic Four (1994)
29% (7 reviews)[32]

Blade
54% (93 reviews)[33]
45 (23 reviews)[34]
A-[35]

X-Men
81% (166 reviews)[36]
64 (33 reviews)[37]
A-[35]

Blade II
57% (147 reviews)[38]
52 (28 reviews)[39]
B+[35]

Spider-Man
89% (237 reviews)[40]
73 (37 reviews)[41]
A-[35]

Daredevil
44% (221 reviews)[42]
42 (35 reviews)[43]
B[35]

X2
85% (240 reviews)[44]
68 (37 reviews)[45]
A[35]

Hulk
61% (227 reviews)[46]
54 (40 reviews)[47]
B-[35]

The Punisher (2004)
29% (169 reviews)[48]
33 (36 reviews)[49]
B+[35]

Spider-Man 2
94% (266 reviews)[50]
83 (41 reviews)[51]
A-[35]

Blade: Trinity
25% (167 reviews)[52]
38 (30 reviews)[53]
B+[35]

Elektra
10% (164 reviews)[54]
34 (35 reviews)[55]
B[35]

Man-Thing
17% (6 reviews)[56]

Fantastic Four (2005)
27% (206 reviews)[57]
40 (35 reviews)[58]
B[35]

X-Men: The Last Stand
58% (233 reviews)[59]
58 (38 reviews)[60]
A-[35]

Ghost Rider
26% (137 reviews)[61]
35 (20 reviews)[62]
B[35]

Spider-Man 3
63% (251 reviews)[63]
59 (40 reviews)[64]
B+[35]

Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer
37% (168 reviews)[65]
45 (33 reviews)[66]
B[35]

Iron Man
94% (268 reviews)[67]
79 (38 reviews)[68]
A[35]

The Incredible Hulk
67% (224 reviews)[69]
61 (38 reviews)[70]
A-[35]

Punisher: War Zone
27% (102 reviews)[71]
30 (22 reviews)[72]
B-[35]

X-Men Origins: Wolverine
38% (256 reviews)[73]
40 (39 reviews)[74]
B+[35]

Iron Man 2
73% (279 reviews)[75]
57 (40 reviews)[76]
A[35]

Thor
77% (270 reviews)[77]
57 (40 reviews)[78]
B+[35]

X-Men: First Class
86% (278 reviews)[79]
65 (38 reviews)[80]
B+[35]

Captain America: The First Avenger
80% (251 reviews)[81]
66 (43 reviews)[82]
A-[35]

Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance
17% (111 reviews)[83]
32 (20 reviews)[84]
C+[35]

The Avengers
92% (328 reviews)[85]
69 (43 reviews)[86]
A+[35]

The Amazing Spider-Man
73% (311 reviews)[87]
66 (42 reviews)[88]
A-[35]

Iron Man 3
80% (298 reviews)[89]
62 (44 reviews)[90]
A[35]

The Wolverine
69% (243 reviews)[91]
60 (43 reviews)[92]
A-[35]

Thor: The Dark World
66% (253 reviews)[93]
54 (44 reviews)[94]
A-[35]

Captain America: The Winter Soldier
89% (273 reviews)[95]
70 (44 reviews)[96]
A[35]

The Amazing Spider-Man 2
52% (285 reviews)[97]
53 (49 reviews)[98]
B+[35]

X-Men: Days of Future Past
91% (295 reviews)[99]
74 (43 reviews)[100]
A[35]

Guardians of the Galaxy
91% (295 reviews)[101]
76 (46 reviews)[102]
A[35]

Big Hero 6
89% (206 reviews)[103]
74 (38 reviews)[104]
A[35]

Avengers: Age of Ultron
75% (326 reviews)[105]
66 (49 reviews)[106]
A[35]

Ant-Man
82% (288 reviews)[107]
64 (43 reviews)[108]
A[35]

Fantastic Four (2015)
000000000009-01-01-00009% (228 reviews)[109]
27 (40 reviews)[110]
C-[35]

Deadpool
83% (304 reviews)[111]
65 (49 reviews)[112]
A[35]

Captain America: Civil War
91% (361 reviews)[113]
75 (52 reviews)[114]
A[35]

X-Men: Apocalypse
48% (305 reviews)[115]
52 (48 reviews)[116]
A-[35]

Doctor Strange
89% (313 reviews)[117]
72 (49 reviews)[118]
A[35]

Logan
93% (338 reviews)[119]
77 (51 reviews)[120]
A-[35]

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
83% (341 reviews)[121]
67 (47 reviews)[122]
A[35]

Spider-Man: Homecoming
92% (317 reviews)[123]
73 (51 reviews)[124]
A[35]

Thor: Ragnarok
92% (335 reviews)[125]
74 (51 reviews)[126]
A[35]

Black Panther
97% (378 reviews)[127]
88 (55 reviews)[128]
A+[35]

Avengers: Infinity War
83% (337 reviews)[129]
68 (53 reviews)[130]
A[35]

Deadpool 2
82% (294 reviews)[131]
66 (51 reviews)[132]
A[35]

List indicator(s)

A dark grey cell indicates information is not available for the film.

text: From Marvel imprints[edit]

text:
Title
Distributor(s)
Release date
(United States)
Rotten
Tomatoes
Metacritic
CinemaScore[35]
Budget
(in millions)
Worldwide
box office

Men in Black
Columbia Pictures
July 2, 1997
92%
71
B+
$90
$589,390,539

Men in Black II
July 3, 2002
39%
49
B+
$140
$441,818,803

Kick-Ass
Lions Gate Entertainment
April 16, 2010
75%
66
B
$30
$96,188,903

Men in Black 3
Columbia Pictures
May 25, 2012
68%
58
B+
$215
$624,026,776

Kick-Ass 2
Universal Pictures
August 16, 2013
32%
41
B+
$28
$60,795,985

Kingsman: The Secret Service
20th Century Fox
February 13, 2015
74%
59
B+
$81
$414,351,546

Kingsman: The Golden Circle
September 22, 2017
51%
45
B+
$104
$410,902,662


document_title: List of Attack on Titan episodes

question_text: when does episode 2 of attack on titan season 3

text: List of Attack on Titan episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired125April 7, 2013 (2013-04-07)September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)212April 1, 2017 (2017-04-01)June 17, 2017 (2017-06-17)312July 23, 2018 (2018-07-23)TBA

text: Episode list[edit]

text: Each episode contains one or two panels entitled "Information Available for Public Disclosure" presenting data about human society or the Titans.

text: Season 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [2][18]English air date11"To You, in 2000 Years: The Fall of Shiganshina, Part 1""Ni-sen Nen-go no Kimi e -Shiganshina Kanraku (1)-" (二千年後の君へ ―シガンシナ陥落①―)Hiroyuki TanakaTetsurō ArakiYasuko KobayashiApril 7, 2013May 3, 2014
22"That Day: The Fall of Shiganshina, Part 2""Sono Hi -Shiganshina Kanraku (2)-" (その日 ―シガンシナ陥落②―)Masashi KoizukaYasuko KobayashiApril 14, 2013May 10, 2014
33"A Dim Light Amid Despair: Humanity's Comeback, Part 1""Zetsubō no Naka de Nibuku Hikaru -Jinrui no Saiki (1)-" (絶望の中で鈍く光る ―人類の再起①―)Kiyoshi FukumotoHiroshi SekoApril 21, 2013May 17, 2014
44"The Night of the Closing Ceremony: Humanity's Comeback, Part 2""Kaisan Shiki no Yoru -Jinrui no Saiki (2)-" (解散式の夜 ―人類の再起②―)Makoto BesshoYasuko KobayashiApril 28, 2013May 24, 2014
55"First Battle: The Struggle for Trost, Part 1""Uijin -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (1)-" (初陣　―トロスト区攻防戦①―)Shinpei EzakiHiroshi SekoMay 5, 2013May 31, 2014
66"The World the Girl Saw: The Struggle for Trost, Part 2""Shōjo ga Mita Sekai -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (2)-" (少女が見た世界　―トロスト区攻防戦②―)Tomomi IkedaHiroshi SekoMay 12, 2013June 7, 2014
77"Small Blade: The Struggle for Trost, Part 3""Chiisana Yaiba -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (3)-" (小さな刃　―トロスト区攻防戦③―)Yuzuru TachikawaHiroshi SekoMay 19, 2013June 14, 2014
88"I Can Hear His Heartbeat: The Struggle for Trost, Part 4""Shinzō no Kodō ga Kikoeru -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (4)-" (心臓の鼓動が聞こえる ―トロスト区攻防戦④―)Satonobu KikuchiShinpei EzakiTatsuma MinamikawaNoboru TakagiMay 26, 2013June 21, 2014
99"Whereabouts of His Left Arm: The Struggle for Trost, Part 5""Hidariude no Yukue -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (5)-" (左腕の行方 ―トロスト区攻防戦⑤―)Yoshiyuki FujiwaraYasuko KobayashiJune 2, 2013June 28, 2014
1010"Response: The Struggle for Trost, Part 6""Kotaeru -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (6)-" (応える ―トロスト区攻防戦⑥―)Hiroyuki TanakaHiroshi SekoJune 9, 2013July 12, 2014[19]
1111"Idol: The Struggle for Trost, Part 7""Gūzō -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (7)-" (偶像 ―トロスト区攻防戦⑦―)Kiyoshi FukumotoHiroshi SekoJune 16, 2013July 19, 2014
1212"Wound: The Struggle for Trost, Part 8""Kizu -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (8)-" (傷 ―トロスト区攻防戦⑧―)Shintaro ItogaNoboru TakagiJune 23, 2013July 26, 2014
1313"Primal Desire: The Struggle for Trost, Part 9""Genshoteki Yokkyū -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (9)-" (原初的欲求 ―トロスト区攻防戦⑨―)Masashi KoizukaNoboru TakagiJune 30, 2013August 2, 2014
13.513.5"Since That Day""Ano Hi kara" (あの日から)Hiroyuki Tanaka—July 7, 2013—
1414"Can't Look Into His Eyes Yet: Eve of the Counterattack, Part 1[20]""Mada Me o Mirenai -Hangeki Zen'ya (1)-" (まだ目を見れない ―反撃前夜①―)Keisuke OnishiShinpei EzakiYasuko KobayashiJuly 14, 2013August 9, 2014
1515"Special Operations Squad: Eve of the Counterattack, Part 2""Tokubetsu Sakusen-han -Hangeki Zen'ya (2)-" (特別作戦班 ―反撃前夜②―)Kiyoshi FukumotoHiroshi SekoJuly 21, 2013August 16, 2014
1616"What Needs to be Done Now: Eve of the Counterattack, Part 3""Ima, Nani o Subeki ka -Hangeki Zen'ya (3)-" (今、何をすべきか ―反撃前夜③―)Keisuke OnishiYasushi MuroyaYasuko KobayashiJuly 28, 2013August 23, 2014
1717"Female Titan: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 1""Megata no Kyojin -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (1)-" (女型の巨人 ―第57回壁外調査①―)Daisuke TokudoMasashi KoizukaHiroshi SekoAugust 4, 2013September 6, 2014
1818"Forest of Giant Trees: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 2""Kyodaiju no Mori -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (2)-" (巨大樹の森 ―第57回壁外調査②―)Hiroyuki TanakaShin WakabayashiHiroshi SekoAugust 11, 2013September 13, 2014
1919"Bite: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 3""Kamitsuku -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (3)-" (噛み付く ―第57回壁外調査③―)Kiyoshi FukumotoTomomi IkedaNoboru TakagiAugust 18, 2013September 20, 2014
2020"Erwin Smith: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 4""Eruvin Sumisu -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (4)" (エルヴィン・スミス ―第57回壁外調査④―)Shintaro ItogaYasuko KobayashiAugust 25, 2013September 27, 2014
2121"Crushing Blow: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 5""Tettsui -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (5)-" (鉄槌 ―第57回壁外調査⑤―)Hiroyuki TanakaYasushi MuroyaNoboru TakagiSeptember 1, 2013October 4, 2014
2222"Defeated: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 6""Haisha-tachi -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (6)-" (敗者達 ―第57回壁外調査⑥―)Makoto BesshoShinpei EzakiNoboru TakagiSeptember 8, 2013October 11, 2014
2323"Smile: Assault on Stohess, Part 1""Hohoemi -Sutohesu-ku Kyūshū (1)-" (微笑み ―ストヘス区急襲①―)Hirokazu YamadaHiroshi SekoSeptember 15, 2013October 18, 2014
2424"Mercy: Assault on Stohess, Part 2""Jihi -Sutohesu-ku Kyūshū (2)-" (慈悲 ―ストヘス区急襲②―)Akitoshi YokoyamaHiroyuki TanakaYasuko KobayashiSeptember 22, 2013October 25, 2014
2525"Wall: Assault on Stohess, Part 3""Kabe -Sutohesu-ku Kyūshū (3)-" (壁 ―ストヘス区急襲③―)Daisuke TokudoMasashi KoizukaShintarō ItogaTetsurō ArakiYasuko KobayashiSeptember 29, 2013November 1, 2014

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [21]English air date261"Beast Titan""Kemono no Kyojin" (獣の巨人)Hiroyuki TanakaYasuko KobayashiApril 1, 2017April 22, 2017[11]
272"I'm Home""Tadaima" (ただいま)Yoshihide IbataYasuko KobayashiApril 8, 2017April 29, 2017
283"Southwestward""Nansei e" (南西へ)Kenji ImuraHiroshi SekoApril 15, 2017May 6, 2017
294"Soldier""Heishi" (兵士)Hitomi EzoeHiroshi SekoApril 22, 2017May 13, 2017
305"Historia""Hisutoria" (ヒストリア)Tetsuya WakanoYasuko KobayashiApril 29, 2017May 20, 2017
316"Warrior""Senshi" (戦士)Hiroyuki TanakaHiroshi SekoMay 6, 2017June 3, 2017
327"Close Combat (Strike・Throw・Submit)""Da - Tō - Kyoku" (打・投・極)Takayuki HiraoHiroshi SekoMay 13, 2017June 10, 2017
338"The Hunters""Oumono" (迫う者)Yūmi KawaiYasuko KobayashiMay 20, 2017June 17, 2017
349"Opening""Kaikō" (開口)Yoshihide IbataYasuko KobayashiMay 27, 2017June 24, 2017
3510"Children""Kodomotachi" (子供達)Kenji ImuraHiroshi SekoJune 3, 2017July 8, 2017
3611"Charge""Totsugeki" (突撃)Hiroyuki TanakaYasuhiro AkamatsuHiroshi SekoJune 10, 2017July 15, 2017
3712"Scream""Sakebi" (叫び)Satonobu KikuchiTakayuki HiraoTetsurō ArakiYoshihide IbataYasuko KobayashiJune 17, 2017July 22, 2017

text: Season 3 (2018–19)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [22]English air date381"Smoke Signal""Noroshi" (狼煙)Hiroyuki TanakaYasuko KobayashiJuly 23, 2018July 11, 2018[d] August 18, 2018[15]
392"Pain""Itami" (痛み)Shita TaroYasuko KobayashiJuly 30, 2018August 25, 2018
403"Old Story""Mukashibanashi" (昔話)Tomoko HirakataHiroshi SekoAugust 6, 2018September 9, 2018
414"Trust""Shinrai" (信頼)Aiko SakurabaHiroshi SekoAugust 13, 2018September 16, 2018
425"Reply""Kaitō" (回答)Miki KomuroYasuko KobayashiAugust 20, 2018September 23, 2018
436"Sin""Tsumi" (罪)Ryūta KawaharaHiroshi SekoAugust 27, 2018September 30, 2018
447"Wish""Negai" (願い)Hiroyuki TanakaKen AndōHiroshi SekoSeptember 3, 2018October 7, 2018
458"Outside the Walls of Orvud District""Orubudo-ku Gaiheki" (オルブド区外壁)Matsuo AsamiAzuma RyōsukeYasuko KobayashiSeptember 10, 2018October 14, 2018
469"Ruler of the Walls""Kabe no Ō" (壁の王)Yasuhiro AkamatsuHiroshi SekoSeptember 17, 2018October 21, 2018
4710"Friends""Yūjin" (友人)Shintarō ItogaAiko SakurabaHiroshi SekoSeptember 24, 2018October 27, 2018
4811"Bystander""Bōkansha" (傍観者)Matsuo AsamiKen AndōShingo UchidaYasuko KobayashiOctober 8, 2018[e]TBA
4912"Night of the Battle to Retake the Wall""Dakkan Sakusen no Yoru" (奪還作戦の夜)Takashi AndōYasuhiro AkamatsuHiroshi SekoOctober 15, 2018TBA
5013"The Town Where Everything Began""Hajimari no Machi" (はじまりの街)TBATBAApril 2019[25]TBA

text: Special episodes[edit]

text: OVA episodes[edit]

text: The following bonus original video animation episodes were released alongside select volumes of the manga.[26]

text:
No.TitleOriginal air date3.5"Ilse's Notebook: Memoirs of a Recon Corps Member""Iruze no Techō -Aru Chōsa Heidan'in no Shuki-" (イルゼの手帳 ―ある調査兵団員の手記―)December 9, 2013 (2013-12-09)
In the year 850, whilst Eren and the others are in training, the Recon Corps go on a mission, with Hange deciding to pursue a Titan spotted in the forest in the hopes she can capture it. Curiously, as Hange gets the Titan to chase after her, it suddenly retreats to the forest. Hange follows it to the center of the forest, where she finds it banging its head against a certain tree. The Titan turns hostile when Hange gets close to it, but Levi and the others arrive and kill it, much to Hange's dismay. Upon inspecting the scene, they discover the decapitated body of Ilse Langnar, a soldier from the 34th Recon Corps division, resting inside of the tree, and find a notebook belonging to her lying on the ground. The notebook details Ilse's records, as she escaped on foot after her squad was killed by Titans. She eventually became cornered by a Titan, but instead of killing her right away, it started to speak to her in the human language, calling her "Ymir". Ilse attempted to communicate with the Titan, but it inevitably became hostile again and bit off her head, curiously choosing not to devour her body but instead rest it inside the tree. Having read through all of Ilse's notes, Hange uses the notebook as leverage to convince Erwin to approve of operations to capture Titans alive and study them, before returning Ilse's belongings to her grief-stricken family.

Information Available for Public Disclosure: Titan Biology.
3.25"The Sudden Visitor: The Torturous Curse of Youth""Totsuzen no Raihōsha -Sainamareru Seishun no Noroi-" (突然の来訪者 ―苛まれる青春の呪い―)April 9, 2014 (2014-04-09)
In the year 849, Jean returns home after two years in training. After Jean gets into a dispute with Sasha following a training exercise, Commander Pyxis suggests they settle things in a cooking contest. With Armin and Annie joining Jean's team and Reiner and Conny teaming up with Sasha, the two groups head into the forest in search of a notorious giant boar to use as meat. Sasha's group come across the boar first and engage it in battle, with Sasha managing to kill it and claim it for her group. Later, after Jean is visited by his mother, shouting at her when he feels she is embarrassing him, he concocts a plan to steal some quality beef from the office so he can beat Sasha, but Armin and Annie refuse to help him. After inevitably giving up on his plan, Jean opens a lunchbox his mother left him containing an omelette, remembering all the times his mother stood by him. The cooking contest soon takes place, with Sasha presenting a prime boar steak whilst Jean presents a humble omelette. Although wowed by the taste of the steak, Pyxis declares Jean the winner as he showed more skill in cooking. Content with his victory, Jean considers paying a visit to his mother.
3.75"Distress""Konnan" (困難)August 8, 2014 (2014-08-08)
In the year 848, the recruits are split into two groups for a wilderness exercise to learn how to sustain themselves in times of peace. Marco has trouble leading his group due to the arrogance of both Eren and Jean. Meanwhile, Mikasa's group learns of the presence of a gang of thieves, who managed to steal their omni-directional mobility gear. That night, the thieves ambush Eren's group, taking Christa hostage along with their equipment. Putting aside their petty squabbles in order to rescue her, the group discover the thieves' hideout, using each of their talents to come up with a plan to ambush them. After Eren and Jean manage to recover the group's maneuver equipment and put a stop to the thieves' wagons, the thieves hold Christa at knifepoint, but she is rescued by the arrival of Mikasa and Annie after Armin had signalled for help. As the thieves are arrested, with no casualties taken, Armin wonders if the thieves' attack was part of the exercise all along.

Information Available for Public Disclosure: The Wasteland Navigation Exercise.

text: Bonus shorts[edit]

text: Chibi Theater: Fly, Cadets, Fly! (ちみキャラ劇場 とんでけ！訓練兵団, Chimi Kyara Gekijō – Tondeke! Kunren Heidan) is a series of flash animated gag shorts included with the Blu-ray Disc/DVD releases, featuring the characters in chibi form based on designs by Yuupon.[citation needed]

text:
No.TitleOriginal air date1"Day 01 / Day 02""Ichinichime / Futsukame" (01日目 / 02日目)July 17, 2013 (2013-07-17)
Eren has trouble getting to school on time, before he and Armin find themselves in the nurse's office.
2"Day 03 / Day 04""Mikkame / Yokkame" (03日目 / 04日目)August 21, 2013 (2013-08-21)
Eren tries to make a strong impression before his instructor, whilst Jean becomes jealous of Eren's closeness with Mikasa.
3"Day 05 / Day 06 / Day 07""Itsukame / Muikame / Nanokame" (05日目 / 06日目 / 07日目)September 18, 2013 (2013-09-18)
Sasha is accused of a crime she didn't commit, whilst Armin finds a rather dubious book. Later, Eren and Mikasa try to learn about the Titan's weakness.
4"Day 08 / Day 09 / Day 10""Yōkame / Kokonokame / Tōkame" (8日目 / 9日目 / 10日目)October 16, 2013 (2013-10-16)
Eren accidentally stumbles into the classroom as the girls were taking off their clothes, Mikasa competes against Ymir for Eren's pudding, Christa and Ymir discuss who they should spend the day with.
5"Day 11 / Day 12 / Day 13""Jūichinichime / Jūninichime / Jūsannichime" (11日目 / 12日目 / 13日目)November 20, 2013 (2013-11-20)
Eren attempts to improve his body by following Reiner's every move, Bertholdt tries to improve his confidence, Mikasa and Annie compete to see who can inflict more pain on Eren.
6"Day 14 / Day 15 / Day 16""Jūyokkame / Jūgonichime / Jūrokunichime" (14日目 / 15日目 / 16日目)December 18, 2013 (2013-12-18)
Conny and Sasha attempt to prank Shadis, Eren decides to shave his hair, Armin tutors Eren, Sasha, and Conny when they failed their test.
7"Day 17 / Day 18 / Day 19""Jūshichinichime / Jūhachinichime / Jūkunichime" (17日目 / 18日目 / 19日目)January 15, 2014 (2014-01-15)
Eren struggles to balance himself on the omni-directional mobility gear, Jean gets lost during training, Marco sneaks into the Girl's Dormitory to return a lost pink bag.
8"Day 20 / Day 21 / Day 22""Nijūnichime / Nijūichinichime / Nijūninichime" (20日目 / 21日目 / 22日目)February 19, 2014 (2014-02-19)
Franz and Hannah try to help Eren reconcile with Mikasa after an argument, Mikasa tries to act on her feelings with Eren, and Hange tries to communicate with a Titan.
9"Day 23 / Day 24 / Day 25""Nijūsannichime / Nijūyonnichime / Nijūgonichime" (23日目 / 24日目 / 25日目)March 19, 2014 (2014-03-19)
Erwin tries to change his appearance to appeal to cadets, Levi analyzes himself from another's point of view, and the graduation ceremony of the 104th Cadet Corps takes place.


document_title: Big Brother (UK TV series)

question_text: when did big brother start on channel 5

question_tokens: when did big brother start on channel 5

text: Big Brother (UK TV series)

text: History[edit]

text: Main series[edit]

text: Channel 4 (2000–2010)[edit]

text: The Big Brother reality series was initially created by John de Mol and premiered in the Netherlands.[12][13] Following the success of the series, it was confirmed that editions for both the United Kingdom and the United States were in the works.[14] In March 2000, it was revealed that the series would be broadcast by Channel 4 and E4.[15] Casting for the series began shortly afterwards.[16] Davina McCall was later revealed to be the host for the series.[17] The first series premiered on 18 July 2000, and ended when housemate Craig Phillips was crowned the winner after 64 days in the House.[17][18] The series proved to be a hit early in its run, leading to a second series.[19] Big Brother 2 premiered on 25 May 2001, and continued to have the success of the previous series.[20] The series concluded on 27 July 2001, when Brian Dowling was crowned the winner.[21] The third series premiered on 24 May 2002, and was the first series to feature a live premiere.[citation needed] Much like the previous series', the show lasted for 64 days, and saw Kate Lawler win the prize.[22] With the third series finding even more success than its predecessors, a fourth series began on 23 May 2003.[23][24] The series was one of the first to feature numerous twists throughout the series, including nominations on the first night and swapping a housemate with a housemate from the African edition of the series.[25] The series concluded after 64 days, with Cameron Stout being crowned the winner.[26] Despite the fourth series seeing a decrease in viewership and voting numbers, a fifth series began on 28 May 2004.[27] The series became one of the most controversial series at the time, mainly due to events such as "Fight Night" and the expulsion of two housemates.[28][29] The series lasted for 71 days, with Nadia Almada becoming the first transsexual housemate to win the series.[30][31]

text: Following the success of the fifth series, the sixth series began on 27 May 2005, and lasted for a total of 78 days.[32] The series was met with much controversy surrounding housemates Anthony Hutton and Makosi Musambasi, the former of which went on to win the series.[33][citation needed] The seventh series premiered on 18 May 2006, and became the first series to feature over twenty housemates.[34] It became the first series to last longer than 90 days, and was met with much controversy after allowing previously evicted housemate Nikki Grahame to return to the game with the chance of winning.[35][35][36] Pete Bennett was ultimately crowned the winner of the series.[37] The following series premiered on 30 May 2007, and became the longest series to date at 94 days.[citation needed] The series featured a set of twins in the house, who competed initially as individuals but later became one housemate.[38] Brian Belo was crowned the winner of the series. Belo is the youngest winner of the series and the only black housemate to win.[39] The ninth series featured a "Heaven and Hell" theme, and premiered on 5 June 2008.[40] Rachel Rice was the winner of the series after spending 93 days in the House.[41] On 4 June 2009, the tenth series premiered and saw housemates having to complete tasks in order to earn housemate status.[42] Sophie Reade was the winner of the series, which lasted for a total of 93 days.[citation needed] 9 June 2010 saw the premiere of the eleventh series. It was also confirmed that 2010 would be the final year of Big Brother on Channel 4.[citation needed] The series lasted for a total of 77 days, with Josie Gibson being crowned the winner.[43] Merely minutes after BB11 concluded, a special edition titled Ultimate Big Brother, featuring memorable former housemates competing for the title of "Ultimate Housemate".Big Brother 2 winner Brian Dowling, won the series after 18 days in the house.

text: Channel 5 (2011–present)[edit]

text: After Richard Desmond bought Channel 5 in 2010, he said he was keen to acquire Big Brother.[44] Meanwhile, Endemol had been granted permission to keep the Big Brother House at the Elstree TV Studios until 30 September 2013.[45] On 2 April 2011, The Daily Star, a newspaper owned by Desmond's Northern & Shell company, reported that Big Brother would be returning on Channel 5 in August 2011 with a Celebrity edition, followed by a main edition in September.[46] Four days later, Channel 5 formally confirmed that they had signed a £200 million two-year contract with Endemol to screen Big Brother from 18 August 2011.[47][48] Big Brother 2 winner Brian Dowling was announced as the new host.[49][50][51] McCall declined the offer to host, having said goodbye to the show in 2010.[52] On 3 May 2011, Endemol and Channel 5 officially opened the process for people to apply to be on the show.[53] The twelfth series officially launched on 9 September 2011.[54] Aaron Allard-Morgan was crowned the winner after spending 64 days in the House.[citation needed] The thirteenth series premiered on 5 June 2012, and was won by Luke Anderson.[55] On 2 April 2013, it was confirmed that Dowling would be replaced by Emma Willis, who had previously hosted spin-off series' for the show.[56] The fourteenth series premiered on 13 June 2013, and was won by Sam Evans.[57] The fifteenth series launched on 5 June 2014 and was won by Helen Wood, making her the first female winner since the show's revival on Channel 5. The sixteenth series began on 12 May 2015, the earliest Big Brother launch to date. Chloe Wilburn was announced as the winner of that series. The seventeenth series launched on 7 June 2016, it was the first Big Brother series to feature two separate houses and with a series length of 50 days it was the shortest ever series of Big Brother to air in the sixteen years of the programme. The Winner was stunt double Jason Burill. He is the oldest housmate to win the main series to date. The eighteenth series launched on 5 June 2017 and was won by Isabelle Warbuton. She is the first woman to win Big Brother as a late entrant, and at just 38 days in the house she has also spent the least amount of time in the house for a winner of the regular series.

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: Since its inception, Big Brother has seen numerous spin-offs and tie-in series' launch on both Channel 4 and Channel 5. The most notable spin-off, Celebrity Big Brother, began initially as a one time series and involved six celebrities staying in the House for eight days.[58][59] Following the success of the series, Celebrity Big Brother went on to become an annual occurrence, much like the main series.[60][61] Following widespread media attention involving racism during the fifth series, the show was not broadcast the following year.[62][63][64] The show returned in 2009, and the final series to air on Channel 4 aired in 2010.[citation needed] Following the show's move to Channel 5, Celebrity Big Brother began airing two series per year.[65] The show has also had various other spin-off series occur since its premiere. The first spin-off, Teen Big Brother: The Experiment, premiered on 13 October 2003 and lasted for a total of ten days.[citation needed] The series was met with much controversy, which was later heightened when two of the cast members had sex in the House.[66] Big Brother Panto, which aired in 2004, saw the return of ten former housemates who re-enacted their rendition of Cinderella.[67] Ultimate Big Brother was the final series to air on Channel 4, and featured fourteen of the most memorable housemates from both the main series and Celebrity Big Brother competing in the series.[68][69] Brian Dowling became the only housemate to win a series twice after winning Ultimate Big Brother.[citation needed] Numerous other spin-offs have occurred throughout the series such as Big Brother's Big Mouth, hosted by Russell Brand, and Big Brother's Little Brother hosted by Dermot O'Leary.[70][71][72] Following the show's move to Channel 5, Big Brother's Bit on the Side and Celebrity Big Brother are the only spin-off series now airing.[73]

text: Format[edit]

text:
"Big Brother House, this is Davina. You are live on Channel 4; please do not swear. (nominated housemates' names), the lines are closed; the votes have been counted and verified, and I can now reveal that the nth person to be evicted from the Big Brother House is...(evicted housemate's name). (Evicted housemate's name), you have 30 seconds to say your goodbyes; I'm coming to get you!"

— McCall's speech when announcing the evicted housemate. This was altered by future hosts.[74]

tag: div

text: Big Brother is a game show in which a group of contestants, referred to as housemates, live in isolation from the outside world in a custom built "house", constantly under video surveillance.[75] During their time in the house, the housemates are required to nominate two of their fellow contestants for potential eviction, and the two or more with the most votes would be nominated.[76] This process is mandatory for all housemates, and failure to comply could result in expulsion from the house.[77] During the show's broadcast on Channel 4, the viewers would vote to evict one of the nominated housemates, and the housemate with the most votes would be removed from the house.[78] The twelfth and thirteenth series', the first two to air under Channel 5, saw the public voting to save a housemate, and the housemate with the least amount of votes would be evicted.[79] Beginning with the fourteenth series, the vote to evict format returned to the series.[80] During the eighteenth series, both vote to save and vote to evict were used. The voting process can be done via telephone or online.[81] When the final week arrives, the viewers vote for which of the remaining housemates should win the series, and the housemate with the most votes becomes the winner.[82] The prize fund has varied throughout the series, ranging from £50,000 to £150,000.[citation needed]

text: During their time in the house, housemates are given weekly tasks to perform.[14] The housemates wager a portion of their weekly shopping budget on the task, and either win double their wagered fund or lose the wagered fund depending on their performance in the task.[83] The housemates are required to work as a group to complete their tasks, with the format of the tasks varying based on the amount of remaining housemates. Throughout the series, some housemates have been given secret tasks that must either be completed individually or with a small group; failure to do so can result in the housemate being nominated or punished in the house.[84] Should the housemates run out of the food provided for them, an emergency ration is available to them. The housemates are forbidden from discussing nominations, and doing so could result in punishment.[85][86] The format of the series is mainly seen as a social experiment, and requires housemates to interact with others who may have differing ideals, beliefs, and prejudices.[87][88] Housemates are also required to make visits to the diary room during their stay in the house, where they are able to share their thoughts and feelings on their fellow housemates and the game.[89]

text: House[edit]

text: For the first two series, the house was located in Bow, London, near the 3 Mills Studios.[90] After planning permission expired in 2002, Newham London Borough Council ordered the complex to be returned to a natural habitat.[91] The house has been located at Elstree Studios, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire since Big Brother 3 in 2002.[91] Following a break in during the second series, it was reported that security had increased to the point that the House was more secure than Buckingham Palace.[92][93][94] The interior of the house has changed each year, reflecting a certain theme or twist in the game. The fifth series, which featured stricter rules and consequences, featured a harsh colour scheme and a claustrophobic setting.[95][96] The third series featured a "Rich and Poor" twist, thus a row of bars was placed in the centre of the house to divide the housemates.[97][98] The diary room features a different design each year, and is frequently the last room of the house to be revealed to the public.[99] Each series has featured a garden in the house, which has included outdoor furniture, a jacuzzi, and on some occasions other luxuries.[100][101] The eighth series featured an "inside out" theme for the house, thus items such as the refrigerator were located in the garden.[102][103]

text: On 2 February 2016, a planning application to Hertsmere Borough Council first revealed that Endemol had applied to build a new extension to the house, which would be its biggest renovation to the house since it was built in 2002. The documents teased a second house with another garden, as well as a new exterior set and interview studio.[104] The old eviction set and eye studio were both demolished following the conclusion of Celebrity Big Brother 17.[105] It was later announced on 18 March 2016 that permission had been granted with no objections. Despite the overall extension, the new outdoor set will be smaller than before, holding a capacity of just 400 compared to 470 beforehand.[106]

text: From Celebrity Big Brother 19, the other house is now called The Task Building making it the house's third task room along with the small and large task room.

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: During the premiere series, the show aired six nights a week, being every night excluding Saturday.[107] The eviction episodes and final aired on Fridays;[18] after series host McCall announced the evictee, they had two hours to pack their belongings and exit the House during a second episode airing that night.[108] The remaining five weekly shows were highlight episodes, which lasted an hour in length; the Sunday episode featured a group of psychologists discussing the events of the house.[87][109] The second series aired six nights a week during the premiere week, though was reduced to only five days afterwards; the series did not air on Saturday or Sunday.[20] This series featured two eviction episodes as well, though only featured a ninety-minute gap between the two.[110] Big Brother 3 was the first series to air every night each week, and every series thereafter featured only thirty minutes between eviction episodes.[20] The third series was the first in the main series to feature a live launch, with all subsequent series featuring a live launch.[111] The series continued to air for seven nights a week until Big Brother 8, which aired every night excluding Saturday.[20] The ninth series re-introduced the seven episodes per week format, which has been continued throughout all future series'.[112][113] When the series premiered, it was aired in a 4:3 aspect ratio instead of the more common 16:9 widescreen format seen by other series at the time.[114] Beginning in 2006 with the seventh series, the show was broadcast in the 16:9 format.[115] Following the show's move to Channel 5, it was broadcast in HD.[116][117] The series can be viewed on Demand 5, a branch of Channel 5, after it airs.[118]

text: Aside from the main series, the show featured a live feed into the house where viewers could watch the housemates at any time.[119] With the series debut in 2000, the twenty-four-hour live feed was introduced which was available at any time to viewers for free.[120] The live feed featured an estimated ten minute delay to comply with broadcasting standards.[121] Beginning with the second series, the live feed became available on E4 as well.[122] In 2009, it was confirmed that the live feeds would not return for the tenth series due to a "small uptake" of subscriptions in the previous year. The feeds did return the following year, though required viewers to pay a fee, for what was at the time slated to be the final series for the show.[123] Following the show's move to Channel 5, the live feeds have not been featured for any subsequent series.[124] In 2013, it was announced that the live feed would return in the form of a two-hour nightly show that featured a live look into the House;[125][126] the show was cancelled in June of that year, reportedly due to low ratings.[127][128][129][130] Despite this, the feed was re-instated onto the official Channel 5 website for the remainder of the fourteenth series.[131]

text: Numerous spin-off series have aired either immediately after or shortly following both the highlight episodes and the live episodes. Big Brother's Big Mouth, aired following the highlight shows. The show was initially hosted by Russell Brand from 2004 to 2007,[132] but he did not return for subsequent series which featured a different host weekly.[133][134] Big Brother's Big Mouth did not return following the show's move to Channel 5.[135] Throughout the third, fourth, and fifth series' there were no weekly tasks, and the housemates instead participated in tasks during the Saturday Night Live weekly show.[136][137] Big Brother's Big Brain also aired once per week, and featured a more psychological analysis of the series;[138] it aired for two series, being renamed Big Brother: On the Couch for its second and final series.[139] Big Brother's Bit on the Side is aired seven nights a week on Channel 5 and 5*, either immediately following or an hour after the nightly episode.[140][141] Live from the House, which features a live feed into the house, airs immediately following the live eviction episode.[142][143]

text:
Big Brother theme song.

A 17 second audio sample of the series' theme song.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The opening theme for the series was both written and produced by Elementfour, which is a collaboration between Paul Oakenfold and Andy Gray.[144] Following the success of the first series, the theme was released as a single in September 2000.[145] The single proved to be successful, reaching number 4 on the UK Singles Chart.[146][147] The theme was also featured on the soundtrack for the first series, which was released that same year.[148] Since the series premiered, there have been numerous remixes and changes made to the song. The original theme by Oakenfeld and Gray was used through the first five series, however was later replaced by a revamped version from the sixth series onward.[149] The song was remixed with a Christmas theme to promote Big Brother Panto in 2004, while a carnival themed edition was made to promote the final series to air on Channel 4.[150] The intro to each series, which featured the theme song, was often based on the twist or theme of the house for the year.[151] Each series is promoted with a different eye logo,[152] with the logo also representing the theme of the house.[153][154] The eye logo is meant to symbolize the phrase "Big Brother is watching" taken from the Orwell novel.[155] The logo for the first series was a close-up of housemate Melanie Hill's eye, while the logos for the second through eleventh series' were created by Daniel Eatock.[156] Design team Hello Charlie, who had previously created the series intros, created the eye logo for the twelfth series onward following the show's move to Channel 5.[157][158][159]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Since its premiere, Big Brother has been the centre of much publicity, and has received much media attention.[160] The series often receives coverage from tabloid newspapers, magazines, and online bloggers.[161][162] The series has been a ratings success since it premiered, with the first eviction tally receiving 387,000 votes.[163] The eviction episode itself received a total of 3.4 million viewers.[164] The series continued to have successful viewership, with the third series finale reaching over 9.9 million viewers.[165] The vote for the third series finale saw over 8.6 million viewers voting for whom should win the series.[165] A number of books have been written about the series, including Big Brother: The Official Unseen Story by Jean Ritchie (ISBN 978-0-7522-1912-7),[166][167] The Psychology of Big Brother by Dan Jones (ISBN 978-1-4092-2825-7),[168][169] and Visible Thought: The New Psychology of Body Language by Geoffrey Beattie (ISBN 978-0-415-30810-6).[170][171] Narinder Kaur, who had previously appeared as a housemate in the second series, went on to release Big Brother: The Inside Story (ISBN 978-0-7535-1294-4).[172][173]

text: Following their appearance on the series, numerous former housemates went on to enjoy moderate fame and success in the public eye. Most notably, Big Brother 3 housemate Jade Goody went on to have a successful career in reality television and later went on to appear in the fifth edition of Celebrity Big Brother.[174][175] Goody died in 2009 due to cancer.[176] Following her appearance on the series, Goody has frequently been referred to as one of the most successful former housemates.[177][178] Following the initial conclusion of the series in 2010, a special titled Jade Goody: Ultimate Housemate aired on Channel 4 in memory of Goody.[179][180][181] Housemates such as Alison Hammond, Brian Dowling, and Aisleyne Horgan-Wallace have enjoyed considerate success appearing in television series and reality television following their appearance on Big Brother.[182] Housemates Nadia Almada, Craig Phillips, and Nichola Holt all released music following their appearance on the series, with Phillips ultimately having the most success.[183][184][185][186] Nikki Grahame, who rose to fame in the seventh series, had her own television series titled Princess Nikki that ran for six weeks on E4.[187] She later went on to appear in numerous reality television series.[188][189] Chanelle Hayes, who appeared on the eighth series, went on to release a single, work as a model, and receive her own reality television series.[190][191][192]

text: The series has gone on to be spoofed and parodied by comedians such as Alan Carr,[193][194] Justin Lee Collins,[195][196] and Ricky Gervais.[197][198] The series has been parodied and re-enacted on programs such as The Friday Night Project,[citation needed] an episode of Doctor Who, and Extras.[199] The Ben Elton novel Dead Famous, published in 2001, is a murder-mystery novel in a setting similar to that of Big Brother.[200][201] In October 2008, E4 aired the horror series Dead Set which was set during a fictional series of Big Brother.[202][203] The series featured numerous former housemates, as well as host Davina McCall in various roles throughout the series.[204][204][205]

text: Series details and viewership[edit]

text: Channel 4 (2000–2010)[edit]

text:
Series
Launch date
Finale date
Days
Housemates
Winner
Prize money
Average viewers
(millions)
Episodes

Big Brother 1
18 July 2000
15 September 2000

64

11

Craig Phillips
£70,000
4.5
52

Big Brother 2
25 May 2001
27 July 2001
Brian Dowling
55

Big Brother 3
24 May 2002
26 July 2002

14

Kate Lawler
5.8
72

Big Brother 4
23 May 2003
25 July 2003

13

Cameron Stout
4.6
73

Big Brother 5
28 May 2004
6 August 2004

71

Nadia Almada
£63,500
5.1
82

Big Brother 6
27 May 2005
12 August 2005

78

16

Anthony Hutton
£50,000
4.6
90

Big Brother 7
18 May 2006
18 August 2006

93

22

Pete Bennett
£100,000
4.7
107

Big Brother 8
30 May 2007
31 August 2007

94

23

Brian Belo
3.9
96

Big Brother 9
5 June 2008
5 September 2008

93

21

Rachel Rice
3.6
108

Big Brother 10
4 June 2009
4 September 2009

22

Sophie Reade
£71,320
2.5

Big Brother 11
9 June 2010
24 August 2010

77

21

Josie Gibson
£100,0001
3.0
86

text: ^1 In addition to the prize fund, the winner of Big Brother 11 won a place on Ultimate Big Brother.

text: Channel 5 (2011–present)[edit]

text:
Series
Launch date
Finale date
Days
Housemates
Winner
Prize money
Average viewers
(millions)
Episodes

Big Brother 12
9 September 2011
11 November 2011

64

15

Aaron Allard-Morgan
£50,990
1.6
71

Big Brother 13
5 June 2012
13 August 2012

70

17

Luke Anderson
£50,000
73

Big Brother 14
13 June 2013
19 August 2013

68

14

Sam Evans
£100,000
1.9
69

Big Brother 15
5 June 2014
15 August 2014

72

19

Helen Wood
1.6
72

Big Brother 16
12 May 2015
16 July 2015

66

18

Chloe Wilburn
£116,1002
1.4
66

Big Brother 17
7 June 2016
26 July 2016

50

193

Jason Burrill
£70,0004
1.6
50

Big Brother 18
5 June 2017
28 July 2017

54

22

Isabelle Warburton
£65,000
1.2
54

text:
^2 In addition to the £116,100 prize fund, Chloe won £5,000 as part of the series "Cash Bomb" week, meaning she left the house with a total of £121,100.
^3 Emma & Victoria were classed as one housemate until Victoria walked from the House. Emma then became an individual housemate.
^4 In addition to the £70,000 prize fund, Jason won £20,000 during "Annihilation" week, meaning he left the house with a total of £90,000.

text: Specials[edit]

text:
Series
Launch date
Finale date
Days
Housemates
Winner
Channel
Average viewers
(millions)[206]
Episodes

Teen Big Brother
13 October 2003
17 October 2003

10

8

Paul Brennan
Channel 4
2.6
5

Big Brother Panto
20 December 2004
5 January 2005

11

10

none
E4
N/A
12

Ultimate Big Brother
24 August 2010
10 September 2010

18

14

Brian Dowling
Channel 4
3.1
22

text: Sponsorships[edit]

text: Channel 4 (2000–2010)[edit]

text:
Series
Sponsor
Slogan
Notes
Year(s)

Big Brother 1
Southern Comfort
N/A

2000

Big Brother 2
BT Cellnet
It's the Buzz
2001

Big Brother 3
O
2
Get Connected
See note 1
2002

Big Brother 4

2003

Teen Big Brother

Big Brother 5
TalkTalk
Get Together
2004

Big Brother Panto
2004–05

Big Brother 6
2005

Big Brother 7
The Carphone Warehouse
2006

Big Brother 8
Virgin Media
For a Happy House
See note 2
2007

Big Brother 9
Virgin Mobile
See note 3
2008

Big Brother 10
Lucozade Energy
Little Brother vs. Big Brother

2009

Big Brother 11
Freederm
Skincare for spot-prone skin
2010

Ultimate Big Brother

text: Channel 5 (2011–present)[edit]

text:
Series
Sponsor
Slogan
Notes
Year(s)

Big Brother 12
Freederm
Well worth a closer look

2011

Big Brother 13
Schwarzkopf Live Color XXL[207]
If you've got the attitude we've got the colour
2012

Big Brother 14
SuperCasino
Feel it for real
See note 4
2013

Big Brother 15
#supercass
2014

Big Brother 16
Lucozade Energy
Find Your Flow

2015

Big Brother 17
Betway
...Sponsors tonight's Big Brother
2016

Big Brother 18
Castle Jackpot
2017

text:
^1 In 2002 BT Cellnet changed its name to O2, the sponsor is therefore the same as the previous series
^2 The cost of this sponsorship was £2.5 million
^3 Although the change of the name of the sponsor, it is still the same company and the same sponsor adverts were used
^4 This sponsorship is only shown after 9.00pm

text: Controversy and criticism[edit]

text: Since its inception, Big Brother has come under fire for reports of bullying,[208][209] racism,[210][211][212][213] rigging,[214][215] and the physical and mental strain of appearing on the series.[216][217]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award show
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2001
British Academy Television Awards
Innovation Award
Big Brother 1
Won

National Television Awards 2001
Most Popular Factual Programme
Big Brother 2
Won

2002
National Television Awards 2002
Big Brother 3
Won

Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
Davina McCall
Nominated

2003
National Television Awards 2003
Most Popular Factual Programme
Big Brother 4
Nominated

Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
Davina McCall
Nominated

2004
National Television Awards 2004
Most Popular Reality Programme
Big Brother 5
Won

Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
Davina McCall
Nominated

Dermot O'Leary
Nominated

2005
National Television Awards 2005
Most Popular Reality Programme
Big Brother 6
Won

Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
Davina McCall
Nominated

2006
National Television Awards 2006
Most Popular Reality Programme
Big Brother 7
Won

Celebrity Big Brother 4
Nominated

Most Popular TV Contender
Nikki Grahame
Won

Pete Bennett
Nominated

Chantelle Houghton
Nominated

Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
Davina McCall
Nominated

2007
British Academy Television Awards
Pioneer Audience Award
Celebrity Big Brother 5
Nominated

National Television Awards 2007
Most Popular Entertainment Programme
Big Brother 8
Nominated

2008
National Television Awards 2008
Big Brother 9
Nominated

2009
Digital Spy Reality TV Awards 2009
Sexiest Male
Stuart Pilkington
Nominated

Dale Howard
Won

Love to Hate Award
Rex Newmark
Won

Best Reality TV Moment
Luke Marsden and Rebecca Shiner kiss
Nominated

Most Memorable Moment
Mohamed and Kathreya's eviction
Nominated

Best Host
Davina McCall
Won

Best Reality Show
Big Brother 9
Nominated

Reality TV Legend Award
Davina McCall
Won

2010
National Television Awards 2010
Most Popular Entertainment Programme
Big Brother 10
Nominated

2011
National Television Awards 2011
Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
Davina McCall
Nominated

Most Popular Entertainment Programme
Big Brother 11
Nominated

2015
National Television Awards 2015
Celebrity Big Brother
Nominated

2016
National Television Awards 2016
Most Popular TV Presenter
Rylan Clark-Neal
Nominated