document_title: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

question_text: how much does a full grown cavalier king charles weight

text: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

text: History[edit]

text: During the early part of the 18th century, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, kept red and white King Charles type spaniels for hunting. The duke recorded that they were able to keep up with a trotting horse. His estate was named Blenheim in honour of his victory at the Battle of Blenheim. Because of this influence, the red and white variety of the King Charles Spaniel and thus the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel became known as the Blenheim.[4]

text: Attempts were made to recreate the original King Charles Spaniel as early as the turn of the 20th century, using the now extinct Toy Trawler Spaniels. These attempts were documented by Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth, in the book "Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors Including the History And Management of Toy Spaniels, Pekingese, Japanese and Pomeranians" published under the name of the "Hon. Mrs Neville Lytton" in 1911.[5]

text: Divergence from King Charles Spaniel[edit]

text: In 1926, the American Roswell Eldridge offered a dog show class prize of twenty-five pounds each as a prize for the best male and females of "Blenheim Spaniels of the old type, as shown in pictures of Charles II of England's time, long face, no stop, flat skull, not inclined to be domed, with spot in centre of skull."[6] The breeders of the era were appalled, although several entered what they considered to be sub-par King Charles Spaniels in the competition. Eldridge died before seeing his plan come to fruition, but several breeders believed in what he said and in 1928 the first Cavalier club was formed.[6] The first standard was created, based on a dog named "Ann's Son" owned by Mostyn Walker,[7] and the Kennel Club recognised the variety as "King Charles Spaniels, Cavalier type".[6]

text: The Second World War caused a drastic setback to the emerging breed, with the vast majority of breeding stock destroyed because of wartime hardship and food shortages. For instance, in the Ttiweh Cavalier Kennel, the population of sixty dogs dropped to three during the 1940s.[8] Following the war, just six dogs would survive as the new beginning from which all present-day Cavaliers descend.[6] These dogs were Ann's Son, his litter brother Wizbang Timothy, Carlo of Ttiweh, Duce of Braemore, Kobba of Kuranda and Aristide of Ttiweh.[9] The numbers increased gradually, and in 1945[10] the Kennel Club first recognised the breed in its own right as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.[6]

text: The history of the breed in America is relatively recent. The first recorded Cavalier living in the United States was brought from the United Kingdom in 1956 by W. Lyon Brown, together with Elizabeth Spalding and other enthusiasts, she founded the Cavalier King Charles Club USA which continues to the present day. In 1994, the American Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club was created by a group of breeders to apply for recognition by the American Kennel Club. The Cavalier would go on to be recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1995,[2] and the ACKCSC became the parent club for Cavaliers.[11]

text: Description[edit]

text: Historically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a lap dog and is small for a spaniel, with fully grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds. Breed standards state that height of a Cavalier should be between 12 to 13 inches (30 to 33 cm) with a proportionate weight between 10 to 18 pounds (4.5 to 8.2 kg). The tail is usually not docked,[12] and the Cavalier should have a silky coat of moderate length. Standards state that it should be free from curl, although a slight wave is allowed. Feathering can grow on their ears, feet, legs and tail in adulthood. Standards require this be kept long, with the feathering on the feet a particularly important aspect of the breed's features.[12]

text: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the English Toy Spaniel can be often confused with each other. In the United Kingdom, the English Toy Spaniel is called the King Charles Spaniel while in the United States, one of the colours of the Toy Spaniel is known as King Charles. The two breeds share similar history and only diverged from each other about 100 years ago. There are several major differences between the two breeds, with the primary difference being the size. While the Cavalier weighs on average between 10 to 18 pounds (4.5 to 8.2 kg), the King Charles is smaller at 9 to 12 pounds (4.1 to 5.4 kg). In addition their facial features while similar, are different; the Cavalier's ears are set higher and its skull is flat while the King Charles's is domed. Finally the muzzle length of the Cavalier tends to be longer than that of its King Charles cousin.[6][13]

text: Colour[edit]

text: The breed has four recognized colours. Cavaliers which have rich chestnut markings on a pearly white background are known as Blenheim in honour of Blenheim Palace, where John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, raised the predecessors to the Cavalier breed in this particular colour. In some dogs there is a chestnut spot in the middle of the forehead: this is called the "blenheim" spot.[14] The Blenheim spot is also known as the mark of the "Duchess Thumb Print", based on the legend that Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough while awaiting news of her husband's safe return from the Battle of Blenheim, pressed the head of an expecting dam with her thumb, resulting in five puppies bearing the lucky mark after news that the battle had been won.[15] Black and Tan are dogs with black bodies with tan highlights, particularly eyebrows, cheeks, legs and beneath the tail.[16] Black and Tan is referred to as "King Charles" in the King Charles Spaniel.[6] Ruby Cavaliers should be entirely chestnut all over,[1] although some can have some white in their coats which is considered a fault under American Kennel Club conformation show rules.[17] The fourth colour is known as Tricolour, which is black and white with tan markings on cheeks, inside ears, on eyebrows, inside legs, and on underside of tail.[16] This colour is referred to as "Prince Charles" in the King Charles Spaniel.[6]

text:
Rich chestnut markings on a white pearly coat

Black-and-tan Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Front and top view of Blenheim Spot

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel in the window

Portrait of a young female

text: Popularity[edit]

text: According to statistics released by The Kennel Club, Cavaliers were the sixth most popular dog in the United Kingdom in 2007 with 11,422 registrations in a single year. Labrador Retrievers were the most popular with 45,079 registrations in that year.[18] Their popularity is on the rise in America; in 1998 they were the 56th most popular breed but in both 2007 and 2008 they were the 25th most popular.[19] They ranked higher in some individual US cities in the 2008 statistics, being eighth in both Nashville and Minneapolis-St.Paul,[20] seventh in Boston, Atlanta[21] and Washington D.C.,[22] and sixth in both New York City[20] and San Francisco.[22] The breed's popularity has continued to grow, ranking in 18th place in 2013.[23] In 2009, the Cavalier was the fourth most popular breed in Australia with 3,196 registrations behind only Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd Dogs and Staffordshire Bull Terriers.[24] In addition, there are also national breed clubs in Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Spain and Sweden.[25]

text: Temperament[edit]

text: The breed is highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please. As such, dogs of the breed are good with children and other dogs.[2] Cavaliers are not shy about socialising with much larger dogs.[26] They will adapt quickly to almost any environment, family, and location and suit city and country life.[2] Their ability to bond with larger and smaller dogs makes them ideal in houses with more than one breed of dog as long as the other dog is trained. Cavaliers rank 44th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of average intelligence in working or obedience. Cavaliers are naturally curious and playful, but also enjoy simply cuddling up on a cushion or lap, making them excellent companion or lap dogs for medical patients and the elderly.[27]

text: Cavaliers are active and sporting. Cavaliers are successful in conformation shows, obedience and agility and they also make wonderful therapy dogs due to their sweet, gentle natures.[2] The breed is adaptable in their need for exercise, happy with either sleeping on the couch or taking long walks.[2]

text: They have an instinct to chase most things that move including vehicles on busy streets, and so most Cavaliers will never become "street-wise".[28] As they tend to regard all strangers as friends, members of the breed will usually not make good guard dogs. Spaniels have a strong hunting instinct and may endanger birds and small animals. However, owners have reported that through training their Cavaliers live happily with a variety of small animals including hamsters and gerbils.[29]

text: The Cavaliers coat requires weekly brushing, but no trimming.[2] However, some owners prefer to trim their Cavalier's long feathers and slippers which can become very dirty when walking or playing outside.

text: Health[edit]

text: Cavaliers can notably suffer from mitral valve disease, which leads to heart failure. This appears in many Cavaliers at some point in their lives and is the most common cause of death. Some serious genetic health problems, including early-onset mitral valve disease (MVD), the potentially severely painful syringomyelia (SM), hip dysplasia, luxating patellas, and certain vision and hearing disorders are health problems for this breed. As today's Cavaliers all descend from only six dogs, any inheritable disease present in at least one of the original founding dogs can be passed on to a significant proportion of future generations. This is known as the founder effect and is the likely cause of the prevalence of MVD in the breed.[30] The health problems shared with this breed include mitral valve disease, luxating patella, and hereditary eye issues such as cataracts and retinal dysplasia.[31] Cavaliers are also affected by ear problems, a common health problem among spaniels of various types, and they can suffer from such other general maladies as hip dysplasia, which are common across many types of dog breeds.

text: Mitral valve disease[edit]

text: Nearly all Cavaliers eventually suffer from disease of the mitral valve, with heart murmurs which may progressively worsen, leading to heart failure. This condition is polygenic (affected by multiple genes), and therefore all lines of Cavaliers worldwide are susceptible. It is the leading cause of death in the breed. A survey by The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom showed that 42.8% of Cavalier deaths are cardiac related. The next most common causes are cancer (12.3%) and old age (12.2%).[32] The condition can begin to emerge at an early age and statistically may be expected to be present in more than half of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels by age 5. It is rare for a 10-year-old Cavalier not to have a heart murmur. While heart disease is common in dogs generally – one in 10 of all dogs will eventually have heart problems – mitral valve disease is generally (as in humans) a disease of old age. The "hinge" on the heart's mitral valve loosens and can gradually deteriorate, along with the valve's flaps, causing a heart murmur (as blood seeps through the valve between heartbeats) then congestive heart failure. The Cavalier is particularly susceptible to early-onset heart disease, which may be evident in dogs as young as one or two years of age.[33]

text: Veterinary geneticists and cardiologists have developed breeding guidelines to eliminate early-onset mitral valve disease in the breed, but it is unclear if a statistically significant number of breeders follow these guidelines.[34] The chairperson of the UK CKCS Club said in 2009: "There are many members who are still not prepared to health check their breeding stock, and of those who do, it would appear that many would not hesitate to breed from affected animals."[35] The MVD breeding protocol recommends that parents should be at least 2.5 years old and heart clear, and their parents (i.e., the puppy's grandparents) should be heart clear until age 5.[36]

text: Syringomyelia[edit]

text: Syringomyelia (SM) is a condition affecting the brain and spine, causing symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain and partial paralysis. It is caused by a malformation, commonly known as Chiari Malformation, in the lower back of the skull which reduces the space available to the brain, compressing it and often forcing it out (herniating it) through the opening into the spinal cord. This blocks the flow of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) around the brain and spine and increases the fluid's pressure, creating turbulence which in turn is believed to create fluid pockets, or syrinxes (hence the term syringomyelia), in the spinal cord. Syringomyelia is rare in most breeds but has become widespread in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, with international research samples in the past few years consistently showing over 90% of Cavaliers have the malformation, and that between 30–70% have syrinxes.[37] However, most dogs with syrinxes are not symptomatic. Although symptoms of syringomyelia can present at any age, they typically appear between six months and four years of age in 85% of symptomatic dogs, according to Clare Rusbridge, a research scientist. Symptoms include sensitivity around the head, neck, or shoulders, often indicated by a dog whimpering or frequently scratching at the area of his neck or shoulder. Scratching is often unilateral – restricted to one side of the body. Scratching motions are frequently performed without actually making physical contact with the body ("air scratching"). The scratching behavior appears involuntary and the dog frequently scratches while walking – without stopping – in a way that is very atypical of normal scratching ("bunny hopping"). Scratching typical of SM is usually worse when the dog is wearing a collar, is being walked on leash, or is excited, and first thing in the morning or at night.[38]

text: Not all dogs with SM show scratching behavior. Not all dogs who show scratching behavior appear to suffer pain, though several leading researchers, including Dr Clare Rusbridge in the UK and Drs Curtis Dewey and Dominic Marino in the US, believe scratching in SM cavaliers is a sign of pain and discomfort and of existing neurological damage to the dorsal horn region of the spine. If onset is at an early age, a first sign may be scratching and/or rapidly appearing scoliosis. If the problem is severe, there is likely to be poor proprioception (awareness of body position), especially with regard to the forelimbs. Clumsiness and falling results from this problem. Progression is variable though the majority of dogs showing symptoms by age four tend to see progression of the condition.[38]

text: A veterinarian will rule out basic causes of scratching or discomfort such as ear mites, fleas, and allergies, and then, primary secretory otitis media (PSOM – glue ear), as well as spinal or limb injuries, before assuming that a Cavalier has SM. PSOM can present similar symptoms but is much easier and cheaper to treat.[39] Episodic Falling Syndrome can also present similar symptoms. An MRI scan is normally done to confirm diagnosis of SM (and also will reveal PSOM). If a veterinarian suspects SM he or she will recommend an MRI scan. Neurologists give scanned dogs a signed certificate noting its grade.[38]

text: Episodic Falling (EF)[edit]

text: Episodic Falling causes "exercise-induced paroxysmal hypertonicity" meaning that there is increased muscle tone in the dog and the muscles cannot relax. Previously thought to be a muscular disorder, it is now known to be neurological. EF is caused by a single recessive gene, and a genetic test is available.[40] Except for severe cases, episodes will be in response to exercise, excitement or similar exertions. Although EF is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy, which typically results in loss of consciousness, the dog remains conscious throughout the episode.[41] Severity of symptoms can range from mild, occasional falling to freezing to seizure-like episodes lasting hours. Episodes can become more or less severe as the dog gets older and there is no standard pattern to the attacks. The onset of symptoms usually occurs when a dog is between 4 months and 4 years of age.[40] It is similar to Scotty Cramp, a genetic disorder in Scottish Terriers.[42] About 1% of Cavaliers are affected by the condition, with 19% being carriers. Dogs with whole coloured coats were more likely to be affected than dogs with parti-coloured coats.[43]

text: Thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytopenia[edit]

text: As many as half of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may have a congenital blood disorder called idiopathic asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood, according to recent studies in Denmark and the United States. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are disk-shaped blood elements which aid in blood clotting. Excessively low numbers are the most common cause of bleeding disorders in dogs. The platelets in the blood of many Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are a combination of those of normal size for dogs and others that are abnormally oversized, or macrothrombocytes. Macrothrombocytosis also is a congenital abnormality found in at least a third of CKCSs. These large platelets function normally, and the typical Cavalier does not appear to experience any health problems due to either the size or fewer numbers of its platelets.[44]

text: Hip and knee disorders[edit]

text: Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common genetic disease that affects Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. It is not present at birth but develops with age. Hip dysplasia is diagnosed by X-rays, but it is not usually evident in X-rays of Cavaliers until they mature. Even in adult spaniels with severe HD, X-rays may not always indicate the disease.[45] In a series of evaluations by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, the Cavalier was ranked 78th worst out of 157 breeds. The worst affected breeds were the Bulldog, Pug and Dogue de Bordeaux.[46]

text: Cavaliers can be subject to a genetic defect of the femur and knee called luxating patella. This condition is most often observed when a puppy is 4 to 6 months old. In the most serious cases, surgery may be indicated. The grading system for the patella runs from 1 (a tight knee), to 4 (a knee so loose that its cap is easily displaced). If a cavalier has a grade 1–2, physical rehabilitation therapy and exercise may reduce the grading and potentially avoid surgery. The grades 3–4 are most severe where surgery will most likely be needed to correct the problem to avoid the development of arthritis and lameness in the limb.[47]

text: Eye problems[edit]

text: A disorder commonly found in Cavaliers is keratoconjunctivitis sicca, colloquially known as "dry eye". The usual cause of this condition is an autoimmune reaction against the dog's lacrimal gland (tear gland), reducing the production of tears. According to the Canine Inherited Disorders Database, the condition requires continual treatment and if untreated may result in partial or total blindness.[48] This disorder can decrease or heal over time.[49]

text: A 1999 study of Cavaliers conducted by the Canine Eye Registration Foundation showed that an average of 30% of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels evaluated had eye problems.[50] They include hereditary cataracts, corneal dystrophy, distichiasis, entropion, microphthalmia, progressive retinal atrophy, and retinal dysplasia.[51]

text: Ear disorders[edit]

text: Primary Secretory Otitis Media (PSOM), also known as glue ear, consists of a highly viscous mucus plug which fills the dog's middle ear and may cause the tympanic membrane to bulge. PSOM has been reported almost exclusively in Cavaliers, and it may affect over half of them. Because the pain and other sensations in the head and neck areas, resulting from PSOM, are similar to some symptoms caused by syringomyelia (SM), some examining veterinarians have mis-diagnosed SM in Cavaliers which actually have PSOM and not SM.[52]

text: Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may be predisposed to a form of congenital deafness, which is present at birth, due to a lack of formation or early degeneration of receptors in the inner ear, although this is relatively rare. In addition, more recent studies have found Cavaliers that develop a progressive hearing loss, which usually begins during puppyhood and progresses until the dog is completely deaf, usually between the ages of three and five years. The progressive nature of this form of deafness in Cavaliers is believed to be caused by degeneration of the hearing nerve rather than the lack of formation or early degeneration of the inner ear receptors.[53]

text: Urban myth[edit]

text: An urban legend claims that Charles II issued a special decree granting King Charles Spaniels permission to enter any establishment in the UK,[54][55] overriding "no dog except guide dogs" rules. A variant of this myth relates specifically to the Houses of Parliament.[56][57] This myth is sometimes instead applied to the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.[58]

text: The UK Parliament website states: "Contrary to popular rumour, there is no Act of Parliament referring to King Charles spaniels being allowed anywhere in the Palace of Westminster. We are often asked this question and have thoroughly researched it."[56] Similarly, there is no proof of any such law covering the wider UK. A spokesman for the Kennel Club said: "This law has been quoted from time to time. It is alleged in books that King Charles made this decree but our research hasn't tracked it down."[54]


document_title: Munster Senior Hurling Championship

question_text: when did clare last win munster hurling final

root

text: Munster Senior Hurling Championship

text: History[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Following the foundation of the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1884, new rules for Gaelic football and hurling were drawn up and published in the United Irishman newspaper. In 1886, county committees began to be established, with several counties affiliating over the next few years. The GAA ran its inaugural All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 1887. The decision to establish that first championship was influenced by several factors. Firstly, inter-club contests in 1885 and 1886 were wildly popular and began to draw huge crowds. Clubs started to travel across the country to play against each other and these matches generated intense interest as the newspapers began to speculate which teams might be considered the best in the country. Secondly, although the number of clubs was growing, many were slow to affiliate to the Association, leaving it short of money. Establishing a central championship held the prospect of enticing GAA clubs to process their affiliations, just as the establishment of the FA Cup had done much in the 1870s to promote the development of the Football Association in England. The championships were open to all affiliated clubs who would first compete in county-based competitions, to be run by local county committees. The winners of each county championship would then proceed to represent that county in the All-Ireland series.[5] For the first and only time in its history the All-Ireland Championship used an open draw format. Six teams entered the first championship, however, this number increased to nine in 1888. Because of this, and in an effort to reduce travelling costs, the GAA decided to introduce provincial championships in Leinster and Munster.

tag: p

text: Beginnings[edit]

text: The inaugural Munster Championship featured Clare, Cork, Limerick, Tipperary and Waterford. Cork and Tipperary contested the very first match on Sunday 27 May 1888. Despite losing, Cork advanced to the Munster semi-final as Tipperary champions Clonoulty used players from other clubs to supplement their team. Such a format was not yet allowed. A replay was ordered in Cork but Clonoulty refused to play anywhere in Cork stating a preference for Kilmallock. As a result of their refusal to play they were disqualified. The inaugural Munster final between Cork and Clare was to be played on Wednesday 29 August 1888, however, the provincial showpiece ended in disarray. Clare champions Ogonelloe, who had received a walkover from South Liberties of Limerick in the semi-final. Before the final commenced South Liberties took to the field to play Ogonelloe, with the winners competing in the final later that day. The officials decided then not to play either game. It was then decided to play the final in Cork on Sunday 2 September 1888, however, Clare refused to travel and Cork were awarded the title.

text: Postponements, disqualifications, objections, withdrawals and walkovers were regular occurrences during the initial years of the championship. Kerry became the sixth and final team to enter the championship in 1889, however, the championship ended without a final once again as Kerry conceded a walkover to Clare.

text: On Sunday 28 September 1890 the very first Munster final took place. Cork won their first title on the field of play after a 2-00 to 0-01 defeat of Kerry. Since then the championship title has been awarded every year except in 1908 when Tipperary were awarded the title after being granted a walkover by Kerry.

text: Team changes[edit]

text: In spite of winning the Munster title in 1891, Kerry eventually became a county dominated by Gaelic football. Because of this the inter-county hurling team went into a sharp decline. Kerry's championship appearances were sporadic by the 1950s and the county eventually stopped fielding a team at senior level before regrading to the All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship. After some successes in the All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, Kerry returned to the Munster Championship after a nineteen-year absence in 1977. A decade later the team made a more permanent return to the championship, however, Kerry only recorded one championship victory from then until their last appearance in the championship in 2004.[6]

text: Due to a lack of competition in the Connacht Championship, the Galway County Board proposed a regrading  to the junior championship in January 1958. This led to a wider debate regarding the structure of the championship. The abolition of the provincial system and the introduction of an open draw was rejected. Galway put forward their own proposal for the creation of a new "province" consisting of Galway, Clare, Laois, Offaly and Westmeath, however, this was also rejected. The possibility of starting the National Hurling League in April in an effort to give Galway some game time before the start of the championship was also discussed. At a meeting of the Munster Council on 10 January 1959 it was decided to invite Galway to participate in all grades of hurling in Munster on a temporary basis. This decision was later ratified at the GAA Congress. Galway played in the Munster Championship from 1959 until 1969, however, during that time they won just one of their twelve championship games.[7]

text: Team dominance[edit]

text: Since the beginning the championship has been dominated by Cork and Tipperary. They have won a combined total of 94 of the 129 championship titles. These two teams began their hegemony by winning 18 championship titles between 1890 and 1909. Cork set a number of records during this time by becoming the first team to win successive titles in 1893, before claiming a first three-in-a-row the following year. Cork also set the all-time record of five successive championships which they won between 1901 and 1905. After twenty years Limerick emerged to break the dominance of the "big two" when they claimed five championship titles between 1910 and 1923. Limerick enjoyed a second golden era by winning a further five championship titles between 1933 and 1940. After a period in decline Cork returned to dominate by winning nine championships between 1942 and 1956. A period in decline followed once again, as Tipperary emerged with what many people regard as their greatest ever team. Between 1958 and 1971 they won nine championships, however, a sixteen-year barren spell followed. Cork dominated the next two decades, winning thirteen championships between 1972 and 1986. The 1990s saw a more equitable period develop in the championship as every team qualified for a Munster final with victories for Clare, Cork, Limerick and Tipperary.

text: Format[edit]

text: Between 1888 and 2017 the Munster Championship was a knockout tournament whereby once a team was defeated they were eliminated from the championship. In the early years the pairings were drawn at random and there was no seeding. Each match was played as a single leg. If a match ended in a draw there was a replay. Drawn replays were settled with extra time; however, if both sides were  still level at the end of extra time a second replay took place and so on until a winner was found. Extra-time was eventually adopted in the event of a draw for all championship games except the final.

text: The dominance of Cork and Tipperary eventually led to both these teams being placed on opposite sides of the championship draw. This was later viewed as a mean of penalising the other teams. While it might be possible to beat one of these teams it was deemed near impossible to beat the two strongest teams in the province in a single championship season. This practice was eventually abolished with a return to the open draw in which three of the five teams automatically qualified for the semi-final stage of the championship. Two other teams played in a lone quarter-final with the winner joining the other three teams at the semi-final stage.

text: The Munster Championship was an integral part of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Between 1888 and 1996 the Munster final winners automatically qualified for either the All-Ireland semi-final or final. The introduction of the "back door" system in 1997 allowed the defeated Munster finalists access to the All-Ireland quarter-final, while the Munster champions received a bye to the All-Ireland semi-final. The "back door" system was replaced in 2002 by the All-Ireland Qualifiers which afforded every defeated team in the Munster Championship the chance of qualifying for the All-Ireland Championship. Between 2005 and 2007 both Munster finalists qualified for the All-Ireland quarter-finals, however, this system was abolished in 2008 with the Munster champions receiving a bye to the All-Ireland semi-final.

text: Current format[edit]

text: Championship[edit]

text: There are five teams in the Munster Championship. During the course of a season (from May to June) each team plays the others once (a single round-robin system) for a total of 10 games. Teams receive two points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points and then head-to-head results. The top two teams in the group contest the Munster final.

text: Qualification for the All-Ireland Championship[edit]

text: As of the 2018 championship qualification for the All-Ireland Championship has changed due to the abolition of the qualifiers. The Munster champions continue to receive a bye to the All-Ireland semi-final while the defeated Munster finalists enter the All-Ireland quarter-finals. The third-placed team in the group enter the All-Ireland Championship at the preliminary quarter-final stage where they play either the champions or runners-up of the Joe McDonagh Cup.

text: Promotion and relegation[edit]

text: A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Munster Championship and the Joe McDonagh Cup, however, this only occurs if Kerry win the Joe McDonagh Cup. If that were to happen they contest a relegation/promotion play-off with the bottom team in the Munster group for the right to compete in the following year's Munster Championship.

text: Venues[edit]

text: History[edit]

text: Munster Championship matches were traditionally played at neutral venues or at a location that was deemed to be halfway between the two participants; however, teams eventually came to home and away agreements depending on the capacity of their stadiums. Teams that previously had agreements prior to the restructuring of the championship were Cork and Tipperary, Limerick and Cork and Limerick and Tipperary.[8][9] Every second meeting between these teams was played at the home venue of one of them.

text: Waterford and Clare, in spite of having home stadiums, did not have home and away agreements with the other teams as their stadiums were initially deemed not to be of an adequate size for Munster Championship games. These teams usually played their games at neutral venues.[10]

text: Attendances[edit]

text: Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for the Munster Council and for the teams involved. For the 2017 championship, average attendances were 31,998 with a total aggregate attendance figure of 127,992. For a four-game championship, it was the highest cumulative figure since 2008 (136,868). The 2017 figure represented the highest combined total for a Munster Championship since 2009, when 136,908 fans attended five games, including a semi-final replay between Limerick and Waterford.[11]

text: Group stage[edit]

text: Fixtures in the five group stage rounds of the championship are played at the home ground of one of the two teams. Each team is guaranteed two home games.

text: Final[edit]

text: The final has historically been played at either Semple Stadium, Páirc Uí Chaoimh or the Gaelic Grounds. As of the 2018 championship, the final will be played at one of these venues as per the home and away agreements between Cork, Limerick and Tipperary. If Clare or Waterford reach the Munster final the game will be played at a neutral venue.

text: Managers[edit]

text: Managers in the Leinster Championship are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and sourcing of players from the club championships. Their influence varies from county-to-county and is related to the individual county boards. From 2018, all inter-county head coaches must be Award 2 qualified. The manager is assisted by a team of two or three selectors and an extensive backroom team consisting of various coaches. Prior to the development of the concept of a manager in the 1970s, teams were usually managed by a team of selectors with one member acting as chairman.

text:
Winning managers (1973-2017)

Manager

Team

Wins

Winning years

 Justin McCarthy

CorkWaterford

6

1975, 1984, 1985, 2002, 2004, 2007

 Bertie Troy

Cork

5

1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979

 Michael "Babs" Keating

Tipperary

5

1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993

 Michael O'Brien

Cork

4

1984, 1985, 1990, 1992

 Ger Loughnane

Clare

3

1995, 1997, 1998

 Jimmy Barry-Murphy

Cork

3

1999, 2000, 2014

 John Allen

CorkLimerick

3

2005, 2006, 2013

 Jackie Power

Limerick

2

1973, 1974

 Noel Drumgoole

Limerick

2

1980, 1981

 Johnny Clifford

Cork

2

1983, 1986

 Tom Ryan

Limerick

2

1994, 1996

 Liam Sheedy

Tipperary

2

2008, 2009

 Declan Ryan

Tipperary

2

2011, 2012

 Nicky English

Tipperary

1

2001

 Donal O'Grady

Cork

1

2003

 Davy Fitzgerald

Waterford

1

2010

 Éamonn O'Shea

Tipperary

1

2015

 Michael Ryan

Tipperary

1

2016

 Kieran Kingston

Cork

1

2017

 John Meyler

Cork

1

2018

tag: table

text:
Current managers

Nat.

Name

Team(s)

Appointed

Time as manager

Derek McGrath
Waterford
23 October 2013
7003172400000000000♠4 years, 263 days

Michael Ryan
Tipperary
3 November 2015
7002983000000000000♠2 years, 252 days

John Kiely
Limerick
13 September 2016
7002668000000000000♠1 year, 303 days

Donal MoloneyGerry O'Connor
Clare
11 October 2016
7002640000000000000♠1 year, 275 days

John Meyler
Cork
17 October 2017
7002269000000000000♠269 days

John Meyler
Cork
17 October 2017
7002269000000000000♠269 days

text: Trophy and medals[edit]

text: At the end of the Munster final, the winning team is presented with a trophy. The Munster Cup, which is similar in design to the Liam MacCarthy Cup, is held by the winning team until the following year's final. Traditionally, the presentation is made at a special rostrum in the stand where GAA and political dignitaries and special guests view the match.

text: The cup is decorated with ribbons in the colours of the winning team. During the game the cup actually has both teams' sets of ribbons attached and the runners-up ribbons are removed before the presentation. The winning captain accepts the cup on behalf of his team before giving a short speech. Individual members of the winning team then have an opportunity to come to the rostrum to lift the cup.

text: The present Munster Cup is the second to be used. The first was used from 1928, when it was donated by the Munster Council, until 1990 when a replica was commissioned due to old age. In 2013 a proposal from the Limerick County Board to name the cup in honour of Mick Mackey was rejected.[12]

text: In accordance with GAA rules, the Munster Council awards up to twenty-six gold medals to the winners of the Munster final.

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: Since 1995, the Munster Championship has been sponsored. The sponsor has usually been able to determine the championship's sponsorship name.

text:
Period

Sponsor(s)

Name

1888-1994

No main sponsor

The Munster Championship

1995-2007

 Guinness

The Guinness Munster Championship

2008-2009

 RTÉ Sport,  Etihad Airways,  Guinness

The Munster GAA Hurling Championship

2010-2012

 Centra,  Etihad Airways,  Guinness

The Munster GAA Hurling Championship

2013-2016

 Centra,  Etihad Airways,  Liberty Insurance

The Munster GAA Hurling Championship

2017-2019

 Centra,  Littlewoods Ireland,  Bord Gáis Energy

The Munster GAA Hurling Championship

text: Media coverage[edit]

text: In the early years of coverage Radio Éireann had exclusive radio coverage of championship games. When Telefís Éireann was established on 31 December 1961, the new station was interested in the broadcasting of championship games. The GAA, however, were wary that live television coverage would result in lower attendances at games. Because of this, the association restricted annual coverage of its games to the All-Ireland hurling and football finals, the two All-Ireland football semi-finals and the two Railway Cup finals.

text: RTÉ broadcast highlights of the Munster final for the first time on 19 July 1970. These highlights programmes continued for the rest of the decade until the development of a dedicated highlights programme called The Sunday Game. The first edition of the programme on 8 July 1979 featured extensive coverage and analysis of the Munster final between Cork and Limerick. The first live broadcast of a Munster final took place on Network 2 on 2 July 1989.

text: In 2007 it was announced that TV3 had signed a three-year broadcasting deal with the GAA, resulting in senior inter-county championship games not being broadcast exclusively on RTÉ for the first time since 1962.[13] TV3's first live championship broadcast was a semi-final between Limerick and Waterford on 1 June 2008. Following the completion of the initial three-year deal in 2010, the GAA were satisfied to give TV3 an expanded role in Gaelic games broadcasting. TV3 broadcast one of the semi-finals over the next three years, however, RTÉ retained the rights to the other matches, including the final.

text: Since 2017, Sky Sports and RTÉ have shared live coverage of championship matches. Sky broadcast their first championship match, a semi-final between Clare and Limerick, on 4 June 2017, while RTÉ had live coverage of the other three matches including the final.[14]

text: Championship upsets[edit]

text: The possibility of unlikely victories in the various rounds of the championship, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition in what is known as a "giant killing", is much anticipated by the public. Such upsets are considered an integral part of the tradition and unpredictable nature of the championship, and the attention gained by giant-killing teams can be as great as that for winners of the championship. Almost every team in the championship has a fondly remembered giant-killing act in its history. It is considered particularly newsworthy when a top championship team suffers an upset defeat.

text:
Waterford 9-3 Tipperary 3-4 (12 July 1959): An incredible game of hurling which saw reigning All-Ireland champions Tipperary trounced by Munster minnows Waterford. Tipperary played against the wind in the opening half, however, after one of the most remarkable halves in the history of hurling, Waterford had recorded 8-2 while holding Tipperary scoreless. Michael O'Hehir, who was commentating on a match in the Connacht Football Championship, announced the half-time score on Radio Éireann but advised listeners to "beware for the scoreline read is most probably a hoax". Tipperary were shell shocked; however, they managed to score 3-4 in the second half.[15]
Limerick 6-7 Tipperary 2-18 (29 July 1973): A day which saw Limerick end a provincial drought which had lasted since 1955. Tipperary looked a sure thing to win the game and looked set to break away into an unbeatable lead, however, Limerick hung in their with a fantastic goal-scoring ability. The game hinged on the very final passage of play. A Limerick shot appeared to have gone wide before it struck a Tipperary defender. In spite of this, Limerick were still awarded a 70-yard free. Richie Bennis stepped up to take it and was told that it would have to make a direct score as it was the final puck of the game. Bennis didn't fail, in spite of some Tipperary fans behind the goal claiming that the sliotar trailed off and went wide.[16]
Kerry 4-13 Waterford 3-13 (23 May 1993): Kerry went into this match with great optimism, in spite of not having won a match in the Munster Championship since 1926. Waterford got off to a great start by scoring a goal inside the first minute, however, Kerry battled for every ball. After the interval Kerry were still in contention; however, Waterford pulled five points clear and an upset looked unlikely. A Christy Walsh goal brought Kerry back into the game and a lucky goal from a long-range free from D. J. Leahy gave Kerry the impetus to drive on and win the game.[17][18]
Cork 4-16 Tipperary 2-14 (15 July 1990): Tipperary were reigning All-Ireland champions and were expected to build on this success in 1990 by retaining the title but despite a strong early start which gave them a good lead Tipperary lost their way and Cork won well in the end. Mark Foley played the game of his life, scoring 2-7 from play, and helped Cork to an eight-point defeat of the All-Ireland champions.[19]
Clare 2-13 Cork 3-9 (4 June 1995): Regarded as the game that changed Clare hurling forever. Trailing by two points with time almost up, Fergus Tuohy angled a line ball neatly into the Cork square and Ollie Baker flicked the ball to the net for the winning goal. Clare later claimed the Munster title for the first time in 63 years following a 1-17 to 0-11 defeat of reigning champions Limerick.[20]
Limerick 1-13 Clare 0-15 (16 June 1996): Played on the hottest day of the year, Limerick set out to topple the reigning All-Ireland champions on the opening day of their campaign. In a game that had a draw written all over it, Clare acquitted themselves well in energy-sapping conditions.  While the game entered the dying stages Pat Tobin leveled for Limerick and it looked like a replay would be required.  The resultant puck-out fell into the hands of Limerick captain Ciarán Carey who took off on a remarkable solo-run. Balancing the sliotar on the end of his hurley, Carey ran 70 metres before sending over the match-winner.[21]
Waterford 2-23 Tipperary 3-12 (30 June 2002):  Another Munster Championship game in which the record books were rewritten under the weight of expectation. Waterford were seeking a first Munster title in 39 years, while Tipperary were the reigning provincial and All-Ireland champions.  A point adrift at the interval, Waterford finished in style scoring 1-6 without reply in the final twenty minutes. Ken McGrath scored seven points from play, in spite of going into the game nursing a shoulder injury.[22]

tag: ul

text: General statistics[edit]

text: See: Munster Senior Hurling Championship records and statistics

text: List of Munster Finals[edit]

text:
All-Ireland champions

All-Ireland runners-up

text:
Year

Winners

Score

Runners-up

Score

Venue

Winning Captain

Attendance

1888

Cork

w/o

Clare

scr

William Gleeson

1889

Clare

w/o

Kerry

scr

John Considine

1890

Cork

2-0

Kerry

0-1

Dan Lane

1891(R)

Kerry

1-12-4

Limerick

1-20-1

NewcastlewestAbbeyfeale

John O'Mahony

1892

Cork

5-3  (28)

Kerry

2-5  (15)

Bill O'Callaghan

1893

Cork

5-3  (28)

Limerick

0-0  (0)

John 'Curtis' Murphy

1894

Cork

3-4  (19)

Tipperary

1-2  (7)

Charleville

Stephen Hayes

1895

Tipperary

7-8  (43)

Limerick

0-2  (2)

Mikey Maher

1896(R)

Tipperary

1-3  (6)7-9  (30)

Cork

1-3  (6)2-3  (9)

Mikey Maher

1897

Limerick

4-9  (21)

Cork

1-6  (9)

Tipperary

Denis Grimes

1898(R)

Tipperary

3-0  (9)1-13  (16)

Cork

2-3  (9)1-2  (5)

Mikey Maher

1899

Tipperary

5-16  (31)

Clare

0-8  (8)

Tim Condon

1900

Tipperary

6-11  (29)

Kerry

1-9  (12)

Ned Hayes

1901

Cork

3-10  (19)

Clare

2-6  (12)

Market's Field

Paddy Cantillon

1902

Cork

2-9  (15)

Limerick

1-5  (8)

Tipperary

Jamesy Kelleher

1903

Cork

5-16  (31)

Waterford

1-1  (4)

Tipperary

Steva Riordan

1904

Cork

3-10  (19)

Tipperary

3-4  (13)

Denis Harrington

1905

Cork

7-12  (33)

Limerick

1-4  (7)

Tipperary

Chris Young

1906

Tipperary

3-4  (13)

Cork

0-9  (9)

Tipperary

Tom Semple

1907

Cork

1-6  (9)

Tipperary

1-4  (7)

Jamesy Kelleher

1908

Tipperary

w/o

Kerry

scr

Tom Semple

1909

Tipperary

2-10  (16)

Cork

2-6  (12)

Tom Semple

1910

Limerick

5-1  (16)

Cork

4-2  (14)

Tralee

John "Tyler" Mackey

1911

Limerick

5-3  (18)

Tipperary

4-3  (15)

John "Tyler" Mackey

1912

Cork

5-1  (16)

Tipperary

3-1  (10)

Barry Murphy

1913

Tipperary

8-2  (26)

Cork

4-3  (15)

Fraher Field

Patrick 'Wedger' Meagher

1914

Clare

3-2  (11)

Cork

3-1  (10)

Thurles Sportsfield

Amby Power

1915

Cork

8-2 (26)

Clare

2-1  (7)

Markets Field

Connie Sheehan

1916

Tipperary

5-0  (15)

Cork

1-2  (5)

Fraher Field

Johnny Leahy

1917(R)

Tipperary

3-4  (13)6-4  (22)

Limerick

3-4  (13)3-1  (10)

Cork Athletic GroundsCork Athletic Grounds

Johnny Leahy

1918

Limerick

11-3  (36)

Clare

1-2  (5)

Thurles Sportsfield

Willie Hough

1919

Cork

3-5  (14)

Limerick

1-6  (9)

Markets Field

Jimmy ‘Major’ Kennedy

1920

Cork

3-4  (13)

Limerick

0-5  (5)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Dick O'Gorman

1921

Limerick

5-2  (17)

Cork

1-2  (5)

Thurles Sportsfield

Bob McConkey

1922(R)

Tipperary

2-2  (8)4-2  (14)

Limerick

2-2  (8)1-4  (7)

Thurles SportsfieldMarkets Field

Johnny Leahy

1923

Limerick

2-3  (9)

Tipperary

1-0  (3)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Paddy McInerney

1924

Tipperary

3-1  (10)

Limerick

2-2  (8)

Fraher Field

Johnny Leahy

1925

Tipperary

6-6  (24)

Waterford

1-2  (5)

Fraher Field

Johnny Leahy

1926(R)(R)

Cork

0-0  (0)3-4  (13)3-6  (15)

Tipperary

1-2  (5)4-1  (13)2-4  (10)

Cork Athletic GroundsThurles SportsfieldCork Athletic Grounds

Seán Óg Murphy

1927

Cork

5-3  (18)

Clare

3-4  (13)

Market's Field

Seán Óg Murphy

1928(R)

Cork

2-2  (8)6-4  (22)

Clare

2-2  (8)2-2  (8)

Gaelic Grounds

Seán Óg Murphy

1929

Cork

4-6  (18)

Waterford

2-3  (9)

Fraher Field

Dinny Barry-Murphy

1930

Tipperary

6-4  (22)

Clare

2-8  (14)

Cork Athletic Grounds

John Joe Callanan

1931(R)

Cork

1-9  (12)5-4  (19)

Waterford

4-0  (12)1-2  (5)

Ned Hall ParkNed Hall Park

Eudie Coughlan

1932

Clare

5-2  (17)

Cork

4-1  (13)

Thurles Sportsfield

John Joe Doyle

1933

Limerick

3-7  (16)

Waterford

1-2  (5)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Micky Fitzgibbon

1934

Limerick

4-8  (20)

Waterford

2-5  (11)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Timmy Ryan

1935

Limerick

5-5  (20)

Tipperary

1-4  (7)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Timmy Ryan

1936

Limerick

8-5  (29)

Tipperary

4-6  (18)

Thurles Sportsfield

Mick Mackey

1937

Tipperary

6-3  (21)

Limerick

4-3  (15)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Jim Lanigan

1938

Waterford

3-5  (14)

Clare

2-5  (11)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Willie Walsh

1939

Cork

4-3  (15)

Limerick

3-4  (13)

Thurles Sportsfield

Jack Lynch

1940(R)

Limerick

4-3  (15)3-3  (12)

Cork

3-6  (15)2-4  (10)

Thurles SportsfieldThurles Sportsfield

Mick Mackey

1941

Tipperary

5-4  (19)

Cork

2-5  (11)

Gaelic Grounds

Johnny Ryan

10,000

1942

Cork

4-15  (27)

Tipperary

4-1  (13)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Jack Lynch

1943

Cork

2-13  (19)

Waterford

3-8  (17)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Mick Kennefick

1944(R)

Cork

6-7  (25)4-6  (18)

Limerick

4-13  (25)3-6  (15)

Thurles SportsfieldThurles Sportsfield

Seán Condon

1945

Tipperary

4-3  (15)

Limerick

2-6  (12)

Thurles Sportsfield

John Maher

1946

Cork

3-8  (17)

Limerick

1-3  (6)

Thurles Sportsfield

Christy Ring

1947

Cork

2-6  (12)

Limerick

2-3  (9)

Thurles Sportsfield

Seán Condon

1948

Waterford

4-7  (19)

Cork

3-9  (18)

Thurles Sportsfield

Jim Ware

1949

Tipperary

1-16  (19)

Limerick

2-10  (16)

Cork Athletic Grounds

Pat Stakelum

35,000

1950

Tipperary

2-17  (23)

Cork

3-11  (20)

FitzGerald Stadium

Seán Kenny

38,733

1951

Tipperary

2-11  (17)

Cork

2-9  (15)

Gaelic Grounds

Jimmy Finn

42,237

1952

Cork

1-11

Tipperary

2-6

Gaelic Grounds

Paddy Barry

42,326

1953

Cork

3-10  (19)

Tipperary

1-11  (14)

Gaelic Grounds

Christy Ring

46,295

1954

Cork

2-8  (14)

Tipperary

1-8  (11)

Gaelic Grounds

Christy Ring

50,071

1955

Limerick

2-15  (21)

Clare

2-6  (12)

Gaelic Grounds

Liam Ryan

23,125

1956

Cork

5-5  (20)

Limerick

3-5  (14)

Thurles Sportsfield

Christy Ring

47,017

1957

Waterford

1-11  (14)

Cork

1-6  (9)

Thurles Sportsfield

Phil Grimes

40,368

1958

Tipperary

4-12  (24)

Waterford

1-5  (8)

Thurles Sportsfield

Tony Wall

41,384

1959

Waterford

3-9  (18)

Cork

2-9  (15)

Thurles Sportsfield

Frankie Walsh

55,174

1960

Tipperary

4-13  (25)

Cork

4-11  (23)

Thurles Sportsfield

Tony Wall

49,670

1961

Tipperary

3-6  (15)

Cork

0-7  (7)

Gaelic Grounds

Matt Hassett

62,175

1962

Tipperary

5-14  (29)

Waterford

2-3  (9)

Gaelic Grounds

Jimmy Doyle

31,000

1963

Waterford

0-11  (11)

Tipperary

0-8  (8)

Gaelic Grounds

Joe Condon

36,000

1964

Tipperary

3-13  (22)

Cork

1-5  (8)

Gaelic Grounds

Mick Murphy

44,245

1965

Tipperary

4-11  (23)

Cork

0-5  (5)

Gaelic Grounds

Jimmy Doyle

40,687

1966

Cork

4-9  (21)

Waterford

2-9  (15)

Gaelic Grounds

Gerald McCarthy

31,352

1967

Tipperary

4-12  (24)

Clare

2-6  (12)

Gaelic Grounds

Mick Roche

34,940

1968

Tipperary

2-13  (19)

Cork

1-7  (10)

Gaelic Grounds

Mick Roche

43,238

1969

Cork

4-6  (18)

Tipperary

0-9  (9)

Gaelic Grounds

Denis Murphy

43,569

1970

Cork

3-10  (19)

Tipperary

3-8  (17)

Gaelic Grounds

Paddy Barry

33,900

1971

Tipperary

4-16  (28)

Limerick

3-18  (27)

FitzGerald Stadium

Tadhg O'Connor

31,118

1972

Cork

6-18  (36)

Clare

2-8  (14)

Semple Stadium

Frank Norberg

25,048

1973

Limerick

6-7  (25)

Tipperary

2-18  (24)

Semple Stadium

Éamonn Grimes

41,723

1974

Limerick

6-14  (32)

Clare

3-9  (18)

Semple Stadium

Seán Foley

36,446

1975

Cork

3-14  (23)

Limerick

0-12  (12)

Gaelic Grounds

Gerald McCarthy

46,851

1976

Cork

3-15  (24)

Limerick

4-5  (17)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Ray Cummins

46,800

1977

Cork

4-15  (27)

Clare

4-10  (22)

Semple Stadium

Martin O'Doherty

44,586

1978

Cork

0-13 (13)

Clare

0-11 (11)

Semple Stadium

Charlie McCarthy

54,981

1979

Cork

2-14  (20)

Limerick

0-9  (9)

Semple Stadium

John Horgan

47,849

1980

Limerick

2-14  (20)

Cork

2-10  (16)

Semple Stadium

Seán Foley

43,090

1981

Limerick

3-12  (21)

Clare

2-9  (15)

Semple Stadium

Paudie Fitzmaurice

40,205

1982

Cork

5-31  (46)

Waterford

3-6  (15)

Semple Stadium

Jimmy Barry-Murphy

38,558

1983

Cork

3-22  (31)

Waterford

0-12  (12)

Semple Stadium

Jimmy Barry-Murphy

20,816

1984

Cork

4-15  (27)

Tipperary

3-14  (23)

Semple Stadium

John Fenton

50,093

1985

Cork

4-17  (29)

Tipperary

4-11  (23)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Ger Cunningham

49,691

1986

Cork

2-18  (24)

Clare

3-12  (21)

FitzGerald Stadium

Tom Cashman

39,975

1987(R)

Tipperary

1-18  (21)4-22  (34)

Cork

1-18  (21)1-22  (25)

Semple StadiumFitzGerald Stadium

Richard Stakelum

56,00545,000

1988

Tipperary

2-19  (25)

Cork

1-13  (16)

Gaelic Grounds

Pat O'Neill

50,000

1989

Tipperary

0-26  (26)

Waterford

2-8  (14)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Bobby Ryan

30,241

1990

Cork

4-16  (28)

Tipperary

2-14  (20)

Semple Stadium

Kieran McGuckin

54,000

1991(R)

Tipperary

2-16  (22)4-19  (31)

Cork

4-10  (22)4-15  (27)

Páirc Uí ChaoimhSemple Stadium

Declan Carr

46,92755,600

1992

Cork

1-22  (25)

Limerick

3-11  (20)

Semple Stadium

Ger FitzGerald

48,036

1993

Tipperary

3-27  (36)

Clare

2-12  (18)

Gaelic Grounds

Michael O'Meara

41,557

1994

Limerick

0-25  (25)

Clare

2-10  (16)

Semple Stadium

Gary Kirby

43,638

1995

Clare

1-17  (20)

Limerick

0-11  (11)

Semple Stadium

Anthony Daly

46,361

1996(R)

Limerick

0-19  (19)4-7  (19)

Tipperary

1-16  (19)0-16  (16)

Gaelic GroundsPáirc Uí Chaoimh

Ciarán Carey

43,52540,000

1997

Clare

1-18  (21)

Tipperary

0-18  (18)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Anthony Daly

43,560

1998(R)

Clare

1-16  (19)2-16  (22)

Waterford

3-10  (19)0-10  (10)

Semple StadiumSemple Stadium

Anthony Daly

51,41751,731

1999

Cork

1-15  (18)

Clare

0-14  (14)

Semple Stadium

Mark Landers

54,000

2000

Cork

0-23 (23)

Tipperary

3-12 (21)

Semple Stadium

Fergal Ryan

54,586

2001

Tipperary

2-16  (22)

Limerick

1-17  (20)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Tommy Dunne

43,500

2002

Waterford

2-23  (29)

Tipperary

3-12  (21)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Fergal Hartley

40,276

2003

Cork

3-16  (25)

Waterford

3-12  (21)

Semple Stadium

Alan Browne

52,833

2004

Waterford

3-16  (25)

Cork

1-21  (24)

Semple Stadium

Ken McGrath

52,100

2005

Cork

1-21  (24)

Tipperary

1-16  (19)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Seán Óg Ó hAilpín

43,500

2006

Cork

2-14  (20)

Tipperary

1-14  (17)

Semple Stadium

Pat Mulcahy

53,500

2007

Waterford

3-17 (26)

Limerick

1-14 (17)

Semple Stadium

Michael 'Brick' Walsh

48,700

2008

Tipperary

2-21 (27)

Clare

0-19 (19)

Gaelic Grounds

Eoin Kelly

48,076

2009

Tipperary

4-14  (26)

Waterford

2-16  (22)

Semple Stadium

Willie Ryan

40,330

2010(R-ET)

Waterford

2-15  (21)1-16  (19)

Cork

2-15  (21)1-13  (16)

Semple StadiumSemple Stadium

Stephen Molumphy

35,37522,763

2011

Tipperary

7-19 (40)

Waterford

0-19 (19)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Eoin Kelly

36,654

2012[24]

Tipperary

2-17 (23)

Waterford

0-16 (16)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Paul Curran

26,438

2013[25]

Limerick

0-24 (24)

Cork

0-15  (15)

Gaelic Grounds

Donal O'Grady

42,730

2014[26]

Cork

2-24 (30)

Limerick

0-24  (24)

Páirc Uí Chaoimh

Pa Cronin

36,075

2015[27]

Tipperary

0-21 (21)

Waterford

0-16 (16)

Semple Stadium

Brendan Maher

43,084

2016[28]

Tipperary

5-19 (34)

Waterford

0-13 (13)

Gaelic Grounds

Brendan Maher

26,508

2017

Cork

1-25 (28)

Clare

1-20 (23)

Semple Stadium

Stephen McDonnell

45,558

2018

Cork

2-24 (30)

Clare

3-19 (28)

Semple Stadium

Seamus Harnedy

45,364


document_title: 10 Things I Hate About You

question_text: where was 10 things i hate about filmed

question_tokens: where was 10 things i hate about filmed

text: 10 Things I Hate About You

text: Plot[edit]

text: Cameron James, a new student at Padua High School in the Seattle area, becomes instantly smitten with popular sophomore Bianca Stratford. Geeky Michael Eckman warns him that Bianca is vapid and conceited, and that her overprotective father does not allow Bianca or her older sister, the shrewish Kat, to date. Kat, a senior, is accepted to Sarah Lawrence College in New York, but her father, Walter, wants her to stay close to home. Bianca wishes to date affluent senior Joey Donner, but Walter, an obstetrician worrisome of teenage pregnancy, will not allow his daughters to date until they graduate. Frustrated by Bianca's insistence and Kat's rebelliousness, Walter declares that Bianca may date only when Kat does, knowing that Kat's antisocial attitude makes this unlikely.

text: When Cameron asks Bianca out, she informs him of her father's new rule and, as a pretense for allowing her to date Joey, suggests that Cameron find someone willing to date Kat. Cameron selects "bad boy" Patrick Verona, but Patrick scares him off. Michael assists by convincing Joey to pay Patrick to take out Kat, under the pretense that this will allow Joey to date Bianca. Patrick agrees to the deal, but Kat rebuffs his first few advances. Michael and Cameron help him by prying Bianca for information on Kat's likes and dislikes. Armed with this knowledge, Patrick begins to win Kat's interest. She goes to a party with him, which enables Bianca to go as well, much to Walter's dismay.

text: At the party, Kat becomes upset when she sees Bianca with Joey, and responds by getting drunk. Patrick attends to her, and Kat starts to open up, expressing her interest in starting a band. However, when she tries to kiss him, Patrick pulls away and Kat leaves, infuriated. Meanwhile, Bianca ignores Cameron in favor of Joey, leaving Cameron dejected. Bianca soon realizes, however, that Joey is shallow and self-absorbed, and asks Cameron for a ride home. Cameron admits his feelings for her and his frustration with how she has treated him. Bianca responds by kissing him.

text: Joey offers to pay Patrick to take Kat to the prom so he can take Bianca. Patrick initially refuses, but relents when Joey offers him more money. Kat is still angry with Patrick, but he wins her over by serenading her with the accompaniment of the marching band, and she helps him sneak out of detention. They go on a date which turns romantic, but Kat becomes suspicious and angry when Patrick insists that she go with him to the prom, an event she is adamantly against. Bianca is irritated that Cameron has not asked her to the prom, and so accepts Joey's invitation, but Walter will not allow it unless Kat goes too. Kat confesses to Bianca that she dated Joey when they were freshmen and, succumbing to peer pressure, had sex with him. Afterward she regretted it and Joey dumped her, so she vowed to never again do anything just because everyone else was doing it. Bianca insists that she can make her own choices, so Kat agrees to go to the prom with Patrick, and Bianca decides to go with Cameron instead of Joey.

text: All is going well at the prom until Bianca learns that Joey planned to have sex with her that night. Angry that Bianca has spurned him for Cameron, Joey reveals his arrangement with Patrick, which causes Kat to leave heartbroken. Joey then punches Cameron, but is in turn beaten up by Bianca for having hurt her, Kat, and Cameron. Bianca and Cameron share another kiss.

text: The next day, Bianca reconciles with Kat and begins dating Cameron. Walter admits that Kat is capable of taking care of herself, and gives her permission to attend Sarah Lawrence College. For an assignment in which the students were required to write their own version of William Shakespeare's Sonnet 141, Kat reads aloud a poem titled "10 Things I Hate About You", revealing that she still loves Patrick. Patrick surprises her with a guitar bought with the money that Joey paid him, and confesses that he has fallen for her. Kat forgives him, and the two reconcile with a kiss.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Julia Stiles as Katarina "Kat" Stratford, the antisocial, shrewish elder Stratford sister.
Heath Ledger as Patrick Verona, the "bad boy" who is hired to date Kat and falls for her in the process.
Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Cameron James, the new student at Padua High School who is smitten with Bianca and goes to great lengths to win her favor.
Larisa Oleynik as Bianca Stratford, the younger of the two Stratford sisters, superficial and popular.
Larry Miller as Walter Stratford, an obstetrician and single parent who is overprotective of his daughters, Kat and Bianca.
Andrew Keegan as Joey Donner, an affluent, self-absorbed high school senior and aspiring model who intends to have sex with Bianca, and to that end pays Patrick to date Kat.
David Krumholtz as Michael Eckman, a geek who assists Cameron in his quest to woo Bianca, and in the process tries to woo Kat's friend Mandella.
Susan May Pratt as Mandella, Kat's only close friend and an aficionado of William Shakespeare, who ends up going to the prom with Michael.
Gabrielle Union as Chastity Church, Bianca's best friend, who betrays Bianca by going out with Joey when Bianca spurns him.
Daryl Mitchell as Mr. Morgan, teacher of Kat, Patrick, and Joey's English class.
Allison Janney as Ms. Perky, Padua High School's guidance counselor and a writer of erotic literature.
David Leisure as Mr. Chapin, coach of the girls' soccer team.
Greg Jackson as "Scurvy", a friend of Patrick.
Kyle Cease as Bogey Lowenstein, a golf enthusiast and member of a clique of aspiring MBAs.
The band Letters to Cleo (singer Kay Hanley, guitarists Greg McKenna and Michael Eisenstein, bassist Scott Riebling, and drummer Jason Sutter) appears as the band performing at Club Skunk, playing their songs "Come On" and "Co-Pilot", and playing a cover version of Cheap Trick's "I Want You to Want Me" on the school's rooftop during the closing credits. Hanley and Eisenstein also appear in the prom scene, performing a cover of Nick Lowe's "Cruel to Be Kind" with Save Ferris.
The band Save Ferris (singer Monique Powell, guitarist Brian Mashburn, bassist Bill Uechi, trumpeter José Castellaños, trombonist Brian Williams, saxophonist Eric Zamora, and drummer Evan Kilbourne) appears as the band performing at the prom, playing their songs "I Know" and "Can't Stop" as well as covers of The Isley Brothers' "Shout" and Nick Lowe's "Cruel to Be Kind".

text: Production[edit]

text: Many of the scenes were filmed on location at Stadium High School and at a house in the Proctor District of Tacoma, Washington. The prom sequence was shot over three days in Seattle.[2]

text: Costume designer Kim Tillman designed original dresses for Larisa Oleynik and Julia Stiles as well as the period outfits for Susan May Pratt and David Krumholtz. Gabrielle Union's snakeskin prom dress is a Betsey Johnson design. Heath Ledger and Joseph Gordon-Levitt's vintage tuxes came from Isadora's in Seattle.[2]

text: The primary tagline is an allusion to a poem written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning from her Sonnets from the Portuguese collection. ("How do I loathe thee? Let me count the ways.") Another tagline is a spoof from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet ("Romeo, Oh Romeo, Get Out Of My Face.") and another is a line from The Taming of the Shrew that is spoken in the film by Cameron ("I burn, I pine, I perish!"). The original script was finalized on November 12, 1997.[3]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In its opening weekend, the film grossed US$8,330,681 in 2,271 theaters in the United States and Canada, averaging $3,668 per venue, and ranking number two at the box office (behind The Matrix). It grossed a total of $38,178,166 in the United States and Canada and $15,300,000 in other territories, about $53,500,000 worldwide. The film had an estimated budget of $16 million and is considered a moderate financial and critical success. On October 12, 1999, the Region 1 DVD was released. In the box office, the film is number ten in teen romance, 18th in high school comedies, and ranked 96th in comedies.[4]

text: Critics[edit]

text: The film received generally positive feedback from critics. Geoff Andrew from Time Out praised the film's leads, stating "Stiles grows into her character, and Ledger is effortlessly charming".[5] Roger Ebert gave the film two and a half stars out of four, claiming, "I liked the movie's spirit, the actors and some of the scenes. The music, much of it by the band Letters to Cleo, is subtle and inventive while still cheerful."[6] Brad Laidman from Film Threat said the film was "pure of heart and perfectly executed."[7] Ron Wells, another critic from Film Threat, expressed, "Of all the teen films released this year, this one is, by far, the best."[8]

text: Entertainment Weekly listed the film at #49 on its list of Best High School Movies.[9]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film got a 61% from critics, based on 62 reviews, with a rating of 6.1/10. The critical consensus on the site was: "Julia Stiles and Heath Ledger add strong performances to an unexpectedly clever script, elevating 10 Things (slightly) above typical teen fare."[10]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: 10 Things I Hate About You was a breakout success for stars Stiles, Ledger, and Gordon-Levitt.[11][12][13] Gordon-Levitt, Stiles, and Oleynik each received Young Star Award nominations for Best Actor/Actress in a Comedy Film. The movie was nominated for seven Teen Choice Awards: Choice Movie: Breakout Star (Stiles), Choice Movie: Comedy, Choice Movie: Funniest Scene (featuring Krumholtz), Choice Movie: Love Scene (featuring Stiles and Ledger), Choice Movie: Hissy Fit (Gordon-Levitt), Choice Movie: Villain (Gordon-Levitt) and Choice Movie: Soundtrack. The film's casting directors Marcia Ross and Donna Morong won "Best Casting for Feature Film, Comedy" at the Casting Society of America in 1999. In 2000, Stiles won the CFCA Award for "Most Promising Actress" for her role as Kat Stratford (tied with Émilie Dequenne in Rosetta) and an MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance. The same year, Ledger was nominated for Best Musical Performance for the song "Can't Take My Eyes Off You."

text: Soundtrack album[edit]

text: The soundtrack album features popular modern rock anthems from 1970s up to the late 1990s, including various covers from Letters to Cleo, who created modernised renditions of songs such as "I Want You To Want Me" by Cheap Trick and "Cruel to Be Kind" by Nick Lowe. The albums peak position in the Billboard (magazine) charts was 52nd,[14] which was just after its release and it managed to hold a place in the Billboard top 200 for a total of 27 weeks.[15] Artists such as The Notorious B.I.G. and Joan Jett were also used in the films soundtrack, although were not featured on the soundtrack album. The album was described by AllMusic as "One of the best modern rock soundtracks of the spring 1999 season".[16]

text:
10 Things I Hate About You

Soundtrack album by various artists

Released
April 6, 1999 (1999-04-06)

Genre

Alternative rock
ska
pop
funk

Label
Hollywood

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Allmusic
[17]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer
Length

1.
"I Want You to Want Me" (originally performed by Cheap Trick)
Rick Nielsen
Letters to Cleo
3:25

2.
"F.N.T." (from Great Divide, 1996)
Dan Wilson, Jacob Slichter
Semisonic
3:29

3.
"I Know" (contains an interpretation of "Shout", written by O'Kelly Isley, Ronald Isley, and Rudolph Isley and originally performed by The Isley Brothers)
Michael Holton, Miré Molner, Brian Mashburn
Save Ferris
2:52

4.
"Your Winter" (from Fortress, 2000)
Ken Block, Jett Beres, Andrew Copeland, Ryan Newell, Mark Trojanowski, Bill Smith
Sister Hazel
4:39

5.
"Even Angels Fall" (from Key of a Minor, 2000)
Tom Whitlock, Jessica Riddle, Kim Bullard, Penny Framstad
Jessica Riddle
3:27

6.
"New World" (from Leroy, 2001)
Leroy Miller
Leroy
3:02

7.
"Saturday Night"
Rodney Jerkins, Marti Sharron, Dan Sembello
Ta-Gana
4:26

8.
"Atomic Dog" (from Computer Games, 1982)
George Clinton, Garry Shider, David Spradley
George Clinton
4:44

9.
"Dazz" (from Good High, 1976)
Ray Ransom, Edward Irons, Reginald Hargis
Brick
3:24

10.
"The Weakness in Me" (from Walk Under Ladders, 1981)
Joan Armatrading
Joan Armatrading
3:32

11.
"War" (from "My Favourite Game", 1998)
Peter Svensson, Nina Persson
The Cardigans
3:57

12.
"Wings of a Dove" (1983)
Carl Smyth, Graham McPherson
Madness
3:00

13.
"Cruel to Be Kind" (originally performed by Nick Lowe)
Nick Lowe, Ian Gomm
Letters to Cleo
3:01

14.
"One More Thing"
Richard Gibbs
Richard Gibbs
3:01

Total length:
49:59

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: In June 1999, the Scholastic Corporation published a novelization of the story, adapted by David Levithan.[18] The story is retold as it is in the film with each chapter written from the point of view of either Bianca, Cameron, Kat, Patrick, or Michael.

text: In October 2008, ABC Family ordered a pilot episode of 10 Things I Hate About You, a half-hour, single-camera comedy series based on the feature film of the same name. Larry Miller is the only actor from the film to reprise his role in the television series. The director of the film, Gil Junger, directed many of the episodes including the pilot while the film's music composer, Richard Gibbs, also returned to do the show's music. The series was adapted and produced by Carter Covington.[19] The show premiered on July 7, 2009,[20] and lasted 20 episodes.

text: References to Shakespeare[edit]

text: The film is a retelling of William Shakespeare's play The Taming of the Shrew in an American high school setting. Screenwriters Karen McCullah and Kirsten Smith also wrote the script for She's the Man (2006), a retelling of Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night set in an American college.

text: Kat and Bianca share the same names as the female leads in the original play. Their surname is Stratford, a nod to Shakespeare’s birthplace. Patrick’s surname Verona references the home of his relative character Petruchio. The characters attend Padua High School, named after where the play is set.

text: Cameron (Lucentio, who disguises himself as a tutor named Cambio) tutors Bianca in French and slips in a line from play while obsessing over her: “I burn, I pine, I perish”. Patrick's character reflects the outlandish behavior of Petruchio, and Michael coerces Patrick into the marching band incident with the words from Sonnet 56: “Sweet love, renew thy force”. The physicality of Petruchio and Katherina is transformed into a playful paintball match; the prom substitutes for the Act V feast; Kat's poem replaces Katherina's famous Act V speech; and Joey Donner's wager over Bianca's virginity parallels the bet placed by Shakespeare's husbands regarding their partners' obedience.[21]