document_title: The Magic of Belle Isle

question_text: where was the magic of belle isle filmed

root

text: The Magic of Belle Isle

text: Plot[edit]

text: Monte Wildhorn (Freeman) is a famous Western novelist whose struggle to cope with the death of his wife six years earlier has sapped his passion for writing, and has caused him to begin drinking heavily. He takes a lakeside cabin for the summer in picturesque Belle Isle, and befriends the family next door—an attractive single mother (Madsen) and her young daughters, who help him find inspiration again.

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Morgan Freeman as Monte Wildhorn
Virginia Madsen as Charlotte O'Neil
Emma Fuhrmann as Finnegan "Finn" O'Neil
Madeline Carroll as Willow O'Neil
Nicolette Pierini as Flora "Flor" O'Neil
Kenan Thompson as Henry
Kevin Pollak as Joe Viola
Fred Willard as Al Kaiser
Ash Christian as Carl Loop
Jessica Hecht as Karen Loop
Boyd Holbrook[2] as Luke Ford

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The Magic of Belle Isle was filmed in the village of Greenwood Lake, New York in July 2011.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Magic of Belle Isle received negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 30%, based on 33 reviews, with a rating of 4.9/10.[3] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 46 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[4]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on September 18 2012, and is currently available on Netflix Streaming.[5]


document_title: List of Total Drama Island episodes

question_text: when does heather get voted off total drama island

text: List of Total Drama Island episodes

text: This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Total Drama Island

Country of origin
Canada

No. of episodes
27

Release

Original network
Teletoon

Original release
July 8, 2007 (2007-07-08) – November 29, 2008 (2008-11-29)

Season chronology

Next →
Total Drama Action

List of Total Drama episodes

text: This is a list of the episodes for Total Drama Island, a Canadian animated television series which premiered in Canada on Teletoon on July 8, 2007 and on June 5, 2008 in the U.S. on Cartoon Network. This season has 27 episodes, each 22 minutes in duration[1] and a special 44-minute episode at the end.

text: List of episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [2]
Written by
Canadian air date
U.S. air date
Prod.
code [3]

1
1
"Not So Happy Campers - Part 1"
Jennifer Pertsch
July 8, 2007 (2007-07-08)
June 5, 2008
101

Twenty-two campers arrive at Camp Wawanakwa where they will be spending eight weeks at the crummy old summer camp. The campers are split into two teams: the Screaming Gophers and the Killer Bass. The Screaming Gophers are Noah, Justin, Katie, Cody, Beth, Trent, Lindsay, Leshawna, Heather, Owen, and Gwen. The Killer Bass are Ezekiel, Eva, Tyler, Izzy, Sadie, Courtney, Harold, Bridgette, DJ, Geoff, and Duncan. The campers head to see where they could be living, and they go to eat and meet Chef Hatchet. Then, the campers go into the first part of their first challenge: jumping off a 1,000 ft. tall cliff into shark-infested waters in the hopes of making it into the safe zone.

2
2
"Not So Happy Campers - Part 2"
Jennifer Pertsch
July 8, 2007 (2007-07-08)
June 12, 2008
102

The two teams face off in their very first challenge: jumping off a thousand foot cliff into a small safe zone surrounded by shark-infested waters, then building a hot tub out of wood. One team bonds rather quickly while the other struggles to cooperate. In the end, Courtney on the losing team finds herself on the chopping block, but her teammate's bigoted views get Ezekiel voted off instead.

3
3
"The Big Sleep"
Nicole Demerse
July 15, 2007 (2007-07-15)
June 19, 2008
103

The two teams compete in a twenty kilometer race and a buffet-eating contest, only to discover that their real challenge is an "Awake-A-Thon" to test who can stay awake the longest. Gwen and Trent start to bond while another forms the first alliance. Ultimately, Eva is sabotaged by an opposing team member and becomes the second camper voted off by their team.

4
4
"Dodgebrawl"
Alex Nussbaum
July 22, 2007 (2007-07-22)
June 26, 2008
104

The two teams participate in a five round game of dodgeball. One team dominates the other team thanks to Owen and Cody displaying surprising skill - that is, until Duncan is forced to take charge of the opposing team, which turns the tides of the game. Ultimately, it is Harold who determines the final outcome for his team. Noah is eliminated for not helping and throwing nothing but sarcasm at his team.

5
5
"Not Quite Famous"
Jennifer Cowan
July 29, 2007 (2007-07-29)
July 3, 2008
105

The two teams participate in a talent show and the rivalry between Gwen and Heather grows rapidly after a shocking event. After Justin and Trent from one team and two disasters from the other, all seems lost for Harold unexpectedly pulls out some amazing talent, and gives his team the win. Heather tricks some of her other teammates into voting off Justin.

6
6
"The Sucky Outdoors"
Jennifer Pertsch
August 5, 2007 (2007-08-05)
July 10, 2008
106

The two teams must spend an entire night alone in the woods. While two teammates are lost in the woods and start a fight that jeopardizes their friendship, Izzy pulls a prank on her team. Among all these events, an unfortunate rainstorm begins, leaving both teams without any shelter. Katie is voted off the island, leaving Sadie sad.

7
7
"Phobia Factor"
Shelley Scarrow
August 12, 2007 (2007-08-12)
July 17, 2008
107

A discussion of fears evolves into a fear-facing challenge, thanks to some eavesdroppers. Most of the campers conquer their fears, but a few others don't fare as well. Tyler is voted off for being too afraid to face his fear.

8
8
"Up The Creek"
Alex Nussbaum
August 19, 2007 (2007-08-19)
July 24, 2008
108

The two teams take their canoes to a nearby island and build rescue fires. Trent and Gwen become closer due to the intervening of Cody, while an unlikely partnership ultimately wins for its team. At the same time, Bridgette begins to return their crush's feelings despite their sappy gift. Unaware of the consequences, Beth picks up a cursed idol which "curses" her team, while Izzy's past catches up to her, causing a sudden elimination.

9
9
"Paintball Deer Hunter"
Shelley Scarrow
August 26, 2007 (2007-08-26)
July 31, 2008
109

The two teams compete in a paintball competition, with members of each team divided into "hunters" and "deer". Beth of an alliance stands up against the Queen Bee leader, which causes her team to lose. Additionally, Cody is voted off after being viciously mauled by a bear.

10
10
"If You Can't Take the Heat..."
Alex Ganetakos
September 2, 2007 (2007-09-02)
August 7, 2008
110

The two teams compete in a cooking challenge. Harold's passive attitude towards hygiene prompts three campers to teach him a lesson. Meanwhile, on the other team, Leshawna and Heather's conflict reaches a boiling point when one takes the leadership role for the challenge. The girls of a cursed team end up locking Heather in the fridge. Their carelessness in the challenge causes them to lose to the more well-organized team. In the end, Beth is voted off the island for cursing her team, and Harold learns their lesson about listening to their roommates.

11
11
"Who Can You Trust?"
Alex Nussbaum
September 9, 2007 (2007-09-09)
August 14, 2008
111

The two teams are put to the ultimate tests in trust, pitting together mortal enemies and potential relationships. DJ relies on Geoff to take care of his pet, but Geoff fails to complete his duties. But, thanks to an unexpected favor from Duncan, the pet is fine - as far as they know. The losing team eliminates Sadie after a convincing argument. After Sadie's elimination she angrily calls her team "marshmallow eating freaks" and cries. Although she is still reunited with Katie again.

12
12
"Basic Straining"
Jennifer Pertsch
September 16, 2007 (2007-09-16)
August 21, 2008
112

Chef forces the teams to go through several difficult obstacles designed to push the campers to their limits. Duncan goes too far and ends up being sent to the boathouse by starting a conflict with the "Master Chief". There, he hooks up with Courtney, who is not quite his opposite as previously thought. She is then voted off the island under mysterious circumstances.

13
13
"X-Treme Torture"
Erika Strobel
September 23, 2007 (2007-09-23)
August 28, 2008
113

Chris has the contestants paired off for the next immunity challenge, a series of Extreme Sports challenges. Gwen and Bridgette begin a dispute when they find a sign of affection that Harold left for Leshawna. Harold sees Heather and gets an eyeful. Because of it, he is voted off the island, but still gets some sugar.

14
14
"Brunch of Disgustingness"
Alex Nussbaum
September 30, 2007 (2007-09-30)
September 4, 2008
114

The two teams are divided up with the guys on one team and the girls on the other, and a conflict between two of the girls forces another to choose sides. The campers have to eat many varieties of disgusting food in order to win an awesome prize. Ultimately, it is the eating habits of one side and a bottomless pit on the other that determined who is victorious.

15
15
"No Pain, No Game"
Erika Strobel
October 7, 2007 (2007-10-07)
September 11, 2008
115

The two teams are officially dissolved and Izzy and Eva both return to the game. Eva holds a strong grudge against Bridgette, making survival in the game difficult for the latter. The remaining campers are now forced to fend for themselves unless they have an alliance. The campers then face an excruciating torture challenge with individual immunity at stake for the first time. Leshawna wins the challenge, immunity, and an awesome prize, while Eva is voted off again for her temper.

16
16
"Search & Do Not Destroy"
Alex Nussbaum
October 14, 2007 (2007-10-14)
September 18, 2008
116

The remaining campers are off on a scavenger hunt for keys, and Heather kisses Trent in front of Gwen, destroying their relationship. Because of this, Leshawna tells everybody to vote either Heather or Trent off. After Heather gains immunity, Trent is voted off, but not before reconciling with Gwen.

17
17
"Hide & Be Sneaky"
Tom McGillis
October 21, 2007 (2007-10-21)
September 25, 2008
117

The campers play an extreme game of Hide and Seek with Chef who hunts them down one by one with a huge water gun. Some campers start an alliance as the other campers are slowly hunted down. Heather's amazing hiding spot and Leshawna joining the other side wins them invincibility. Bridgette is voted off thanks to the new alliance.

18
18
"That's Off the Chain!"
Erika Strobel
October 28, 2007 (2007-10-28)
October 2, 2008
118

As the campers build their own bikes using supplies from a pile of old bike parts and then race them in a dangerous motor cross, Izzy takes Leshawna who has never learned how to build or ride a bike on a joy ride. In the end, Heather betrays Lindsay, leading to an explosive elimination.

19
19
"Hook, Line & Screamer"
Erika Strobel
November 4, 2007 (2007-11-04)
October 9, 2008
119

The campers go through a challenge where they are forced to survive a real horror movie. A "psycho killer" is picking them off one by one with the exception of Duncan and Gwen. However, the challenge takes a frightening twist when Gwen encounters a real killer. In the end, DJ leaves the island for fearing Heather who wasn't the killer.

20
20
"Wawanakwa Gone Wild!"
Shelley Scarrow
November 11, 2007 (2007-11-11)
October 16, 2008
120

The campers square off in a challenge where they must trap a certain animal. Gwen gets a delicious meal as a reward for catching their animal first, while Duncan and Heather form a temporary alliance. Chef and Heather get shot with a tranquilizer dart by Izzy while Owen ends up having very bad luck. This all leads up to Izzy getting voted off once again.

21
21
"Trial by Tri-Armed Triathlon"
Shelley Scarrow
November 18, 2007 (2007-11-18)
October 23, 2008
121

The final six campers are split into three pairs and must compete in various challenges using teamwork. Some groups have trouble working together, while another become friends with each other. Once the triathlon is finished and none of the teams win, it is revealed that nobody is safe. In the end, it turns out to be Geoff who is voted off the island.

22
22
"Haute Camp-Ture"
Alex Nassbaum
November 25, 2007 (2007-11-25)
October 30, 2008
122

Chris visits the luxurious Playa Des Losers and catches up with the previously eliminated contestants. After learning their thoughts on the final five, he reveals a shocking twist in which the eliminated contestants will vote off the next camper. Thanks to Sadie and Katie, Leshawna is accidentally eliminated.

23
23
"Camp Castaways"
Erika Strobel
December 2, 2007 (2007-12-02)
November 6, 2008
123

After a huge flood, the campers float away to a "deserted island" and try to fend for themselves while dealing with the dangers there, as well as enduring each other. Meanwhile, the hosts are having a day of relaxation on the same island. While the final four are separated at first, they eventually wind up back together again and, after Owen's mental breakdown, an Mr. Coconut is eliminated.

24
24
"Are We There, Yeti?"
Alex Nassbaum
December 9, 2007 (2007-12-09)
November 13, 2008
124

The campers are stuck in the middle of the woods. The challenge is to race back to camp and tag a totem pole. The boys are on one team while the girls are on the other. Since Chris is off for the day, Chef takes over as host. In the end, Owen's eating habits distract him and allow the girls to win the challenge, resulting in Duncan's elimination.

25
25
"I Triple Dog Dare You!"
Erika Strobel
December 16, 2007 (2007-12-16)
November 20, 2008
125

The final three campers must participate in a series of dares invented by the eliminated campers, with the first camper to refuse a dare being automatically eliminated. Gwen and Owen form an alliance to take down Heather. Eventually, Heather fails a dare on a technicality and loses all of her hair and the competition, allowing Owen and Gwen to move on to the final challenge...

Rv
RV
"TDI Recap / TDI Rundown"
Matt McElhannon
January 4, 2008 (2008-01-04)
December 4, 2008
N/A

The episode is a summary of all the previous events, also containing a preview for the final episode and a music video.7

26
26
"The Very Last Episode, Really!"
Jennifer Pertsch
January 4, 2008 (2008-01-04)
December 11, 2008
126

Gwen and Owen participate in one last challenge for the grand prize, with all of the previously eliminated campers returning to watch. After a race filled with sabotage, heartbreak, and brownies, Owen wins the grand prize and Gwen goes home with a "consolation prize".

Sp
Sp
"Total Drama Drama Drama Drama Island"
Jennifer Pertsch and Tom McGillis
November 29, 2008 (2008-11-29)
December 18, 2008
N/A

Chris has one final challenge for all of the contestants, forcing them to form their own respective teams, and participate in an all-out, no-rules hunt for one million dollars! However, after a series of unpredictable and out-of-control events, the money is lost and there is only one way to settle this tie.

text: Source for list:[4]


document_title: Kane Brown

question_text: when did heaven by kane brown come out

question_tokens: when did heaven by kane brown come out

text: Kane Brown

text: Early life[edit]

text: Kane Allen Brown was raised in rural northwest Georgia and the Chattanooga, Tennessee area.[5][6] He is of mixed descent, his father is black and part Cherokee, and his mother is white.[7][8][9] He was raised by his single mother, and his family, sometimes homeless, moved around when he was younger from Rossville to Fort Oglethorpe and LaFayette Georgia, finally settling in Red Bank, Tennessee.[10][11] As a result, he attended many schools, among them Lakeview-Fort Oglethorpe High School in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia where he sang in the choir with Lauren Alaina, the runner-up on season 10 of American Idol.[12] He also attended Red Bank, Ridgeland, and Soddy Daisy High School.[12] Kane grew up listening to country music, but became interested in R&B music in middle school. However, after singing Chris Young's "Gettin' You Home" in his 11th grade during a school talent show and after winning the contest, he began to perform country music.[13]

text: Brown auditioned on both American Idol and X-Factor after the success of his school friend Lauren Alaina on Idol.[14] He was chosen for X-Factor after an audition in 2013, but left the show when its producers wanted to include him in a boy band,[12] after which he decided to post his cover versions of popular songs online.[14]

text: Music career[edit]

text: In 2014, Kane Brown began posting videos of his covers of songs by Brantley Gilbert, Billy Currington, Alan Jackson and other singers on social media. He started to acquire a following through these homemade videos on Facebook; an early video to gain wider attention was his cover of Lee Brice's "I Don't Dance".[10] His cover of George Strait's "Check Yes or No", released on September 30, 2015, went viral and received over seven million views.[15] The number of his followers on Facebook quickly reached over a million, and a clip of a teaser for his own single "Used to Love You Sober" released on October 8, 2015 received one million views in under three hours,[15] and reached over 11 million views two weeks later.[16]

text: Brown was initially signed to Zone 4,[7] and Jay Frank was his first manager.[16] Later in 2016 he became managed by Martha Earls.[8]

text: 2014: Closer EP[edit]

text: In 2014, Brown raised funds via crowdfunding site Kickstarter to produce a six-song EP,[17] which he recorded in Nashville at the home studio of Noah Henson, guitarist for Brantley Gilbert. The EP, titled Closer, was released on June 2, 2015, and debuted on the Top Country Albums chart at number 22, selling 3,200 copies in its debut week.[18] A single from the EP, "Don't Go City on Me", was first released on October 22, 2014, and it reached number 43 on the Country Digital Songs chart.[19]

text: 2015: "Used to Love You Sober" and follow-up singles[edit]

text: Brown released a new single "Used to Love You Sober" on October 21, 2015 on his birthday, and the song was spotlighted on Zane Lowe's Beats 1.[20] It reached number two on the Country Digital Songs chart based on just two days of sales, with 38,000 copies sold.[21] The release of the single also pushed his EP Closer up the chart to number 22 on the Top Album Sales chart.[22] A second song, "Last Minute Late Night", was released on November 4, 2015, and debuted on the Country Digital Songs chart at number nine, selling 26,000 copies.[23] Another, "I Love That I Hate You", followed three weeks later on November 30, 2015, selling 17,000 copies in the first week.[24]

text: 2016–present: Chapter 1 EP and self-titled album[edit]

text: Brown opened for Florida Georgia Line on their summer 2016 Dig Your Roots Tour.[25] Kane collaborated with Chandler Stephens on a song they wrote together, "Can't Stop Love", which was released on February 12, 2016.[26]

text: Kane signed with Sony Music Nashville on January 27, 2016 and records under the RCA Nashville label.[27] He released his first EP under the label, titled Chapter 1, on March 18, 2016.[28] The EP includes the singles "Used to Love You Sober" and "Last Minute Late Night". It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard 200, and number three on the Top Country Albums chart, selling 30,000 units (23,000 in traditional albums) in its first week.[29]

text: On June 17, 2016, "Ain't No Stopping Us Now" was released for sales as a single from his debut full-length album.[30][31] "Thunder in the Rain" was released as the second single from the album on August 3, 2016. He headlined his own Ain't No Stopping Us Now Tour produced by Monster Energy and Outbreak Presents starting on November 3, 2016.[32]

text: The self-titled debut album was released on December 2, 2016,[33] and debuted at number 10 on the US Billboard 200.[34] On the release of the deluxe edition of the album, it went to number 5 on the Billboard 200, and returned to number one on the Top Country Albums chart. Together with his single "What Ifs", which also reached number one on multiple charts and a new song "Heaven" released with the deluxe edition, Brown became the first artist to have simultaneous number ones on all five main country charts—Top Country Albums, Hot Country Songs, Country Airplay, Country Digital Song Sales and Country Streaming Songs.[4]

text: "What Ifs", which was recorded with his friend Lauren Alaina, was released as the third single from the album and has been certified Platinum by the RIAA.[35] It became a Number One hit on the Billboard Country Airplay charts for the week dated October 28, 2017, the first for Brown and second for Alaina. It also spent five weeks at Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart as well.

text: An expanded deluxe edition of Brown's debut album was released October 6, 2017 featuring four new tracks, including a duet with Chris Young (musician) and Heaven (Kane Brown song),[36] which was released as the album's fourth single on November 13, 2017.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Kane announced his engagement to Katelyn Jae in April 2017 during a concert in Philadelphia.[37] They are living in the Nashville area.[38]

text: Discography[edit]

text: Studio albums[edit]

text:
Title
Album details
Peak chart positions
Certifications
Sales

US
[39]
US Country
[40]
AUS
[41]
CAN
[42]

Kane Brown

Release date: December 2, 2016
Label: RCA Nashville
Formats: CD, digital download

5
1
60
25

US: Platinum[43]

US: 359,500[44]

text: Extended plays[edit]

text:
Title
Album details
Peak chart positions
Sales

US
[39]
US Country
[40]
CAN
[42]

Closer

Release date: June 2, 2015
Label: Kane Brown
Formats: CD, digital download

40
7
—

US: 38,300[45]

Chapter 1

Release date: March 18, 2016
Label: RCA Nashville
Formats: Digital download

9
3
28

US: 89,800[46]

"—" denotes releases that did not chart

text: Singles[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Peak chart positions
Certification
Sales
Album

US
[47]
US Country
[48]
US Country Airplay
[49]
CAN
[50]
CAN Country
[51]

2014
"Don't Go City on Me"
—
—
—
—
—

Closer

2015
"Used to Love You Sober"
82
15
35
—
—

RIAA: Gold[52]

US: 314,000[53]

Chapter 1

"Last Minute Late Night"
—
31
—
—
—

US: 50,000[54]

"I Love That I Hate You"
—
35
—
—
—

US: 26,000[55]

Non-album single

2016
"Ain't No Stopping Us Now"
88
19
—
—
—

US: 49,000[53]

Kane Brown

"Thunder in the Rain"
—[A]
30
43
—
—

US: 66,000[57]

2017
"What Ifs"
(featuring Lauren Alaina)
26
1
1
45
3

RIAA: Platinum[35]
MC: Platinum[58]

US: 679,000[59]

"Heaven"
28
2
5
60
18

RIAA: Platinum[35]

US: 238,000[59]

"—" denotes releases that did not chart

text: Featured singles[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Album

2016
"Can't Stop Love"
(Chandler Stephens featuring Kane Brown)[60]
Non-album single

text: Other charted songs[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Peak positions
Sales
Album

US
[47]
US Country
[48]

2016
"There Goes My Everything"
—
27

US: 22,000[61]

Chapter 1

"Wide Open"
—
34

US: 12,000[61]

"Excuses"
—
36

US: 11,000[61]

2017
"Found You"
80
13

US: 67,000[62]

Kane Brown

"What's Mine Is Yours"
—
34

US: 18,000[63]

"Setting the Night on Fire"
(with Chris Young)
—
45

US: 8,000[64]

"—" denotes releases that did not chart

text: Music videos[edit]

text:
Year
Video
Director

2015
"Used to Love You Sober"
Clark Jackson[65]

2016
David Poag[66]

2016
"Can't Stop Love"
(with Chandler Stephens)
N/A

2016
"Thunder in the Rain"
TK McKamy

2017
"What Ifs"
(featuring Lauren Alaina)
P.R. Brown

2017
"Heaven"
Alex Alvga

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient/Work
Result
Ref

2017
ACM Awards
New Male Vocalist of the Year
Himself
Nominated
[67]

CMT Music Awards
Breakthrough Video of the Year
"Used to Love You Sober"
Nominated
[68]

2018
ACM Awards
New Male Vocalist of the Year
Himself
Nominated
[69]

Vocal Event of the Year
"What Ifs" with Lauren Alaina
Pending

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ "Thunder in the Rain" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 22 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.[56]

tag: ol


document_title: The Originals (season 5)

question_text: when is season 5 episode 9 of the originals coming out

text: The Originals (season 5)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Joseph Morgan as Niklaus "Klaus" Mikaelson
Daniel Gillies as Elijah Mikaelson
Phoebe Tonkin as Hayley Marshall[a]
Charles Michael Davis as Marcellus "Marcel" Gerard
Yusuf Gatewood as Vincent Griffith
Riley Voelkel as Freya Mikaelson
Danielle Rose Russell as Hope Mikaelson[5]
Steven Krueger as Joshua "Josh" Rosza[6][b]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Nathaniel Buzolic as Kol Mikaelson[7]
Torrance Coombs as Declan O'Connell
Jedidiah Goodacre as Roman Sienna
Christina Moses as Keelin
Alexis Louder as Lisina
Nadine Lewington as Greta Sienna
Nicholas Alexander as Henry Benoit
Shiva Kalaiselvan as Ivy
Jaime Murray as Antoinette Sienna
Robert Baker as Emmett

text: Special guest[edit]

text:
Claire Holt as Rebekah Mikaelson
Candice King as Caroline Forbes[8]
Danielle Campbell as Davina Claire[7]
Matt Davis as Alaric Saltzman[9]
Leah Pipes as Camille "Cami" O'Connell[10]

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Demetrius Bridges as Dorian Williams
Katie Jane Cook as Poppy
Summer Fontana as young Hope Mikaelson
Rick Espaillat as Pierre
Malone Thomas as Colette
Jason Burkey as David
Jamie Thomas King as August Muller
Colin Woodell as Aiden
Ian Pala as Max
Jimmy Ray Pickens as Bill
Allison Gobuzzi as Elizabeth "Lizzie" Saltzman
Bella Samman as Josette "Josie" Saltzman
Aria Shahghasemi as Landon Kirby[11]
Nathan Parsons as Jackson Kenner
Sam Ashby as Connor
Sebastian Roché as Mikael

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Tonkin is credited as a series regular in episodes 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, and 13. In all other episodes, she is not credited and does not appear.

Jump up ^ Krueger is credited as a series regular from episode 1 to 10. From episode 11 to 13, he is not credited and does not appear.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeUS viewers(millions)801"Where You Left Your Heart"Lance AndersonMarguerite MacIntyreApril 18, 2018 (2018-04-18)T46.100010.97[12]
Desperate to see by her father Klaus after seven years, Hope resorts to drastic measures to bring her father back to New Orleans. Hayley attempts to minimize the fallout from Hope's actions, but not before news of what she has done ripples through the city. Meanwhile, Freya's guilt over not being able to reunite her family gets in the way of her happiness with Keelin, while Rebekah struggles with her inability to fully commit to Marcel. Finally, struggling without Elijah by his side, Klaus's murderous rampage throughout Europe leads to an unexpected encounter with Caroline Forbes.
812"One Wrong Turn on Bourbon"Carol BankerCarina Adly MacKenzieApril 25, 2018 (2018-04-25)T46.100021.03[13]
When a mysterious disappearance brings Klaus back to New Orleans, Hope looks forward to the prospect of seeing her father again. However, when the dark magic that had been keeping them apart begins to manifest in dangerous ways across the city, Vincent turns to Ivy for guidance about what it may mean. Elsewhere, Marcel returns to New Orleans amidst increased tensions between the supernatural factions, while Freya makes a decision about her future with Keelin. Finally, Roman's surprise visit to the Mikaelson compound forces Hope to reveal some dark truths about her family. Josh also appears.
823"Ne Me Quitte Pas"Joseph MorganK.C. Perry & Michelle ParadiseMay 2, 2018 (2018-05-02)T46.100030.90[14]
With no memories, Elijah moves to New York and meets Antoinette, a female vampire who does not own a daylight ring. In New York, Elijah runs into Marcel who warns him to stay away from New York, due to Rebekah also living there. However, Elijah's obsession with his past leads to Antoinette breaking things off with him. Elijah decides to move to France to look for her. Flash forward seven years, Elijah has found happiness with his simple life in France and proposes to Antoinette. Just as they are about to celebrate, Klaus arrives and announces his plans to take his brother back.
834"Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea"Michael GrossmanBeau DeMayo & Kyle ArringtonMay 9, 2018 (2018-05-09)T46.100040.76[15]
Klaus ends up threatening the werewolves, witches, and vampires following Hayley's disappearence. When his attempts to find her fail, he decides to take hostages, including Josh. Although Marcel attempts to calm him down, Klaus's hostage situation takes a turn for the worse. Meanwhile, Freya visits Hope at the Salvatore School to give her advice about life as a firstborn Mikaelson witch.
845"Don't It Just Break Your Heart"Jeffrey W. ByrdStory by : Bianca Sams & Jeffrey Lieber Teleplay by : Jeffrey LieberMay 16, 2018 (2018-05-16)T46.100050.80[16]
Marcel and Klaus stampede the vampire's household, killing everyone, except Greta, who admits to being the one who kidnapped Hayley. As they bleed her of vervain, she confesses that her husband was killed by Klaus and that Hayley will be delivered to them safely if Hope undergoes the same spell Klaus did to suppress his werewolf side. Marcel contacts Freya, who attempts the spell reluctantly, but Klaus stops it. In France, Antoinette tells Elijah that she had met him before their encounter in New York. Their relationship is strained as Antoinette talks about her father, Auguste, a vampire zealot who slaughtered werewolves, an artist who Elijah and Klaus had threatened in the 1930s. During that time, Klaus ultimately murdered Auguste along with his villagers, claiming that anyone who could pick up a coin laying next to his body would be shown mercy. Auguste's wife scrambles out of their house and picks up the coin, begging Klaus to show mercy on her, her daughter, and her son – respectively Greta, Antoinette, and Roman. In the present, Roman and Hope sneak out of the Salvatore School.
856"What, Will, I, Have, Left"Charles Michael DavisMarguerite MacIntyreMay 30, 2018 (2018-05-30)T46.100060.82[17]
With the two of them being cloaked, Roman eventually leads Hope to Hayley where he chains up Hope and defends his mother's action. Caroline and Klaus also team up to search for her, and on the way reflect on their past. Meanwhile, Freya and Vincent argue about whether they should tell Declan about Hayley's life, with Vincent being afraid of Declan suffering the same fate as Cami. Vincent keeps quiet after seeing that Declan is related to Cami. Greta visits Antoinette where she convinces Elijah to try to stop Klaus from killing Roman. Hayley eventually agrees to having her werewolf side suppressed, which will cause a beacon so Freya and Vincent can track her. Greta, Elijah, Klaus, and Caroline arrive. Caroline is quickly subdued, Hope ends up passing out from Greta, and Roman stands by and watches as Greta and Hayley duel. Elijah and Klaus manage to take their fight inside the house right as Hayley sacrifices herself to kill Greta.
867"God's Gonna Trouble the Water"Carl SeatonBianca Sams & Julie PlecJune 6, 2018 (2018-06-06)T46.100070.77[18]
Elijah and Antoinette visit the army Greta has created. There, Klaus shows up, bites Antoinette and imprisons them both. When Elijah spots her wound, he decides to make an offer to Klaus: Elijah will restore his memory if Klaus gives Antoinette his blood. When Klaus refuses, Elijah asks Marcel and Vincent, who agree. They conduct the spell which ends up failing. Meanwhile, Hope struggles with her mother's death, blaming herself. Klaus tries to comfort her, via astral projection done by Ivy, but Hope ends up pushing him away. Ivy manages to convince him to stay away from Hope, noting predictions of natural disasters made by a seer in the 1700s, which have all come true. The prediction states that if all of the disasters occur, all of the firstborns in New Orleans will die. Eventually, Hayley's funeral occurs, with another prediction happening. Klaus briefly stays with Hope before running off to prevent her from harm. On his path, he ends up trapped in a spell that transports him back to the Mikaelson residence where Elijah is also trapped.
878"The Kindness of Strangers"Kellie CyrusBeau DeMayo & Carina Adly MacKenzieJune 13, 2018 (2018-06-13)T46.100080.86[19]
All of the Mikaelson siblings end up trapped in the Chambre de Chasse as well as Marcel. It is there that they find out they are trapped in a spell with representational magic, each one of them having to find a key to unlock a door. Marcel tells them that Hope is planning to draw The Hollow out of all of their bodies. Kol and Marcel then discover a room that had been gone for over a century, meaning Hope could not have known about its existence. They deduce that it was Freya who cast the spell. She ends up vanishing after advising Klaus to let Hope do the spell. Everyone ends up unlocking the door only to enter Elijah's consciousness. There, everyone escapes and Elijah retains his memories. This results in him leaving Antoinette to mourn Hayley.
889"We Have Not Long to Love"Bethany RooneyK.C. Perry & Michelle ParadiseJune 20, 2018 (2018-06-20)T46.100090.77[20]
Hope blames Elijah for Hayley's death, disregarding the fact that Elijah had lost his memories then. When the whispers in Hope's head grow stronger, Hope visits Declan. Elijah is also there. Hope proceeds to release her anger onto Elijah. Hope confesses to Klaus that by hurting Elijah, the whispers in her voice stopped. Meanwhile, the vampires post flyers around the city, warning the werewolves that if they do not evacuate New Orleans, they will be forced out. This threat results in a faceoff between the werewolves and the vampires. When Vincent attempts to burn them, he finally realizes that they have a witch on their side. He realizes that Ivy is in danger and rushes to protect her; however, it is too late and she dies.
8910"There in the Disappearing Light"Daniel GilliesEva McKenna & Jeffrey LieberJuly 11, 2018 (2018-07-11)T46.100100.77[21]
After many failed attempts to rid Hope of the voices in her head, Klaus tracks down Roman and takes him. Antionette finds out about his abduction and asks Elijah to try to reason with Klaus. Hope ends up torturing Roman but is unwilling to kill him. Elijah comes up with a plan that will help Hope in ridding of the voices. Meanwhile, Marcel manages to track down the extremists but ends up getting captured and drained of his venom. Josh arrives to rescue him and in the process ends up dying. Antoinette gathers up the extremists in a church and Marcel, Hope, Klaus, and Elijah show up. There, Hope releases her anger, quieting the voices. Unbeknownst to them, Declan and Bill, who was finding documents for Declan, were up in the attic, with both of them getting affected by Hope's magic. Bill has died, causing Hope to trigger her curse.
9011"'Til the Day I Die"Geoff ShotzKyle Arrington & Marguerite MacIntyreJuly 18, 2018 (2018-07-18)T46.100110.68[22]
After Bill's death, Klaus notices a strange symptom present on Hope. He asks Davina for assistance, who conducts a spell but ends up finding out that Hope's condition will only worsen and will eventually kill her. Freya takes advantage of the Mikaelson reuniting and decides to have her wedding. Freya ends up asking Rebekah to be the maid of honor, Vincent to be the best man, Kol to officiate, and Elijah to walk her down the aisle. Elijah and Vincent turn down the offer. Elijah reminisces about Andrea, a woman he met in France, who was actually Hayley. After reading a letter from her, Elijah and Klaus decide to ask Freya down the aisle together. Meanwhile, Declan finds out about Marcel and threatens him, saying that he will gather the humans in retaliation. Marcel and Declan eventually come to a truce.
9112"The Tale of Two Wolves"Rudy PersicoCarina Adly MacKenzie & Julie PlecJuly 25, 2018 (2018-07-25)T46.100120.85[23]
To save Hope's life, Klaus takes her to Mystic Falls with Elijah. There he asks Caroline to help him with the power of her daughters. His plan is to carry out the magic from Hope and to put it in his body. Caroline is not happy about Klaus' decision but she accepts to help him, but Alaric disagrees,and he only accepts too when Klaus tells them he wants to kill himself after the spell. Hope faints and meets her mother, who shows her she has found peace. Hope wakes up in her father's arms. At midnight, while Hope is in transition for her first transformation in werewolf, Caroline's daughters complete the spell.
9213"When the Saints Go Marching In"Lance AndersonStory by : Julie Plec Teleplay by : Jeffrey LieberAugust 1, 2018 (2018-08-01)T46.100130.86[24]
Klaus' attempt to kill himself is interrupted by Hope and he is chained up. He hallucinates Mikael which causes him to break free, and Cami who stops him from killing Hope in time for Elijah to snap his neck. Freya asks Vincent to be a surrogate to start a family, but he declines and intends to leave the city. Kol leaves town, to Rebekah's displeasure. Klaus awakes to find that Elijah has absorbed some of the magic so he can say goodbyes, though he does not want to. Caroline holds Klaus to his promise to tour New Orleans then share a parting kiss. Marcel, Rebekah, Elijah, Freya, Keelin reminisce on memories of Klaus as they are join by Kol, then Klaus himself. They have dinner and have a wish burning ceremony where Klaus says his goodbyes to everyone, then to Hope separately. Rebekah is promised the cure to vampirism to live her life, then says goodbye to Klaus and Elijah at park bench where Klaus intends to stake himself. Vincent changes his mind to accepting a family with Freya and Keelin, and Marcel tells the vampires to leave the city. Rebekah finally accepts Marcel's marriage proposal. Elijah reveals his plan to die by Klaus' side, having already said his goodbyes, as his life's purpose to redeem Klaus is fulfilled, and he also tells Klaus that whatever lay ahead, they would face it together. They stake each other and begin to turn to ash.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Where You Left Your Heart"

April 18, 2018
0.4/2
0.97[12]
0.3
0.67
0.7
1.64[25]

2

"One Wrong Turn on Bourbon"

April 25, 2018
0.4/2
1.03[13]
0.4
0.79
0.8
1.82[26]

3

"Ne Me Quitte Pas"

May 2, 2018
0.4/2
0.90[14]
0.4
0.91
0.8
1.80[27]

4

"Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea"

May 9, 2018
0.3/1
0.76[15]
0.4
0.85
0.7
1.61[28]

5

"Don't It Just Break Your Heart"

May 16, 2018
0.3/1
0.80[16]
0.4
0.81
0.7
1.61[29]

6

"What, Will, I, Have, Left"

May 30, 2018
0.3/1
0.82[17]
0.3
0.80
0.6
1.62[30]

7

"God's Gonna Trouble the Water"

June 6, 2018
0.2/1
0.77[18]
0.4
0.79
0.6
1.56[31]

8

"The Kindness of Strangers"

June 13, 2018
0.3/1
0.86[19]
0.4
0.93
0.7
1.79[32]

9

"We Have Not Long to Love"

June 20, 2018
0.3/1
0.77[20]
0.4
0.84
0.7
1.61[33]

10

"There in the Disappearing Light"

July 11, 2018
0.3/1
0.77[21]
0.3
0.81
0.6
1.57[34]

11

"'Til the Day I Die"

July 18, 2018
0.2/1
0.68[22]
0.3
0.72
0.5
1.40[35]

12

"The Tale of Two Wolves"

July 25, 2018
0.3/1
0.85[23]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

13

"When the Saints Go Marching In"

August 1, 2018
0.3/1
0.86[24]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: World of Dance

question_text: who is the host of world of damce

question_tokens: who is the host of world of damce

text: World of Dance

text: World of Dance Competitions[edit]

text: The first World of Dance competition was held in 2008. Since then, the brand has expanded to competitions in more than 25 countries. Each year, World of Dance Qualifier events are held around the world (40 internationally, 15 in the U.S.), bringing together street and urban dance crews to compete for two titles: winner of the Upper Division (for 18 years and older) and winner of the Youth Division (17 years old or younger). The winners of each category are invited to compete at World of Dance Finals event, where they compete for the world title. National championship winners are selected for international dance championship. National dance championship was started in the year 2016.In the year 2018,national championship was won by VASHISHTA KULAKARNI registered his name as VASIJAANNU from  HYD,TELANGANA and MANISH from MUMBAI.As they are decleared as winners,they selected for internatioinal dance championship of WORLD OF DANCE(WOD).

text: World of Dance competitions are notable for their scoring approach. Each competition is judged by a five-person panel, usually composed of dance celebrities, industry professionals, and influencers. Using an Olympic-style approach, competitors are judged according to five criteria: Performance, Technique, Choreography, Creativity, and Presentation. Each category is worth 20 points, for a total of 100 points. Once all judges have inputted their score, the highest and lowest scores are removed, and the final score is the average score of the remaining three. Those with a score above 85 move on to finals.

text: In addition to the competition, World of Dance events also include performances from industry talent (non-competing), dance crews, choreographers, and freestylers, as well as live battles, appearances by industry influences, music, live art, vendors, and more.

text: Notable World of Dance judges, performers, guests[edit]

text: World of Dance events feature the industry’s best as judges, performers, or guests, including many performers who have appeared in nationally televised dance competitions, such as World of Dance, So You Think You Can Dance, America’s Best Dance Crew (ABDC), and more. Notable WOD guests include all seven ABDC champions, JabbaWockeeZ, Super Cr3w, Quest Crew, We Are Heroes, Poreotics, I.aM.mE, and Electrolytes. Additional performers include 8 Flavahz, Kaba Modern, SoReal Cru, Phunk Phenomenon, Mos Wanted Crew, Instant Noodles, Gotham actress Camren Bicondova, Les Twins, Chachi Gonzales, Dytto, Ian Eastwood, Kaelynn Gobert-Harris, Black-ish star Miles Brown, SYTYCD Season 10 Male Winner Fik-Shun, and India's famous dance group/WOD winners Desi Hoppers, led by Shantanu Maheshwari, Nimit Kotian, and Macedon D'Mello.

text: World of Dance Television Show[edit]

text: NBC World of Dance is a 10-episode dance competition program produced by Universal Television Alternative Studio in association with Nuyorican Productions and World of Dance. Executive producing are Jennifer Lopez, Elaine Goldsmith-Thomas, Benny Medina, Kris Curry, Matilda Zoltowski, David Gonzalez and Matthew Everitt. The show features celebrity judges Jennifer Lopez, Derek Hough, Ne-Yo, and host/mentor Jenna Dewan-Tatum, along with 50 of the world’s best dancers and dance teams competing for a $1 million prize—the largest prize of any dance competition show.

text: As Lopez told the New York Times, “My whole goal with this show was to create an opportunity and a venue for dancers to actually be the stars,” Ms. Lopez said, and to get to do something they rarely have a chance to do: “really make some money.”

text: World of Dance contestants were picked from qualifying events around the nation and online submissions. Contestants are divided into three divisions:

text:
Junior: Any size act, 17 years old and under
Upper: Groups of 1-4, 18 and older
Team: Groups of 5+, 18 and older

text: In each episode, dancers compete before the judges and are scored according to World of Dane scoring criteria: Performance, Technique, Choreography, Creativity, and Presentation. Each category is worth 20 points, for a total of 100 points. The show consists of five rounds:

text:
The Qualifiers: In each round of the Qualifiers, the dance acts perform a 2-minute routine in front of the judges and a live audience. They are judged according to criteria, and only those who receive a combined total score of 80 or higher move forward.
The Duels: Acts are paired against each other, and the highest scoring act moves on to the next round. In each round of The Duels, two acts in the same division compete for a spot in the next round. In each division, the acts with the top qualifying scores choose their opponents, then both acts perform back-to-back, receiving feedback from the judges. After each performance, the judges score them. Unlike the Qualifiers, only the final combined total score for each act is shown. The act with the highest score at the end of the duel moves on to the next round; the other faces immediate elimination.
The Cut: In The Cut, the 15 remaining acts compete for two spots in each of their divisions.
Divisional Finals: Two acts in each division compete against each other, winners in each division move on to the next round.
World Finals: In the World Final, the final 3 acts, one from each division, compete to win the one million dollar prize.

text: The show premiered May 30, 2017 at 10/9 central on NBC, debuting to 9.8 million viewers. It was renewed for a second season in June 2017.

text: Season 1 Performers[edit]

text: Junior Division: 801 Squad, Alaman, Boys of Temecula, D'Angelo and Amanda, Diana Pombo, Eva Igo, ImmaBEAST, JJ & Joey, Kaeli and Brandon, KynTay, Mini ReQuest, The Lab, The Maya Boys, The Mihacevich Sisters, The POSSE.

text: Upper Division: Al Taw'am, DNA, Femme Fatale, Fik-Shun, Keone & Mari, Desi Hoppers, Kyle Van Newkirk, Les Twins, Luka & Jenalyn, Nick Daniels, Pasión, Quick Style, Slavek and Juliet, The Nitty Grittyz Trent Jeray, Vibration.

text: Team: Chapkis Dance Family, FUZE, Ian Eastwood and the Young Lions, Jabbawockeez. Kinjaz, Miami All Stars, NXT LVL, P.L.A.Y., ProdiJIG, Rhythmatic, Rouge, Royal Flux, Stroll Groove, Super Cr3w, Swing Latino, The Kingdom.

text: Judges[edit]

text: The judging lineup of Lopez, Hough, and Ne-Yo was announced in November 2016. The judges were selected both for their dance experience, as well as their passion for spotlighting dancers.

text: Meredith Ahr, President of Universal Television Alternative Studio, called them ““three of the most accomplished dancers of their generation.” Lopez told Entertainment Weekly, “We all love dance, we all are performers, and we all are competitive, which you have to be in this business. We come from different backgrounds, so we bring those sensibilities.”

text: Critical Reception[edit]

text: Marketed as “the biggest dance competition in the world,” the show garnered national attention, particularly for its wide style of performances and popular performers. Les Twins (Beyoncé’s former backup dancers) made headlines in USA Today, which wrote, "Although the audience was cheering along to Les Twins’ fierce moves the entire performance, their routine’s intense ending made judge Jennifer Lopez jump out of her seat in shock."[20]

text: Similarly, young contemporary dancer Diana Pombo’s first performance made Lopez tear up, while others like Luka & Jenalyn, Fik-Shun, and Nick Daniels also wowed the crowd.

text: As USA Today wrote, “What the show also has going for it is the sense of inclusion that you don’t always find on reality TV. The show celebrates the people and cultures represented on its stage, from an Asian-American dance team that takes its inspiration from martial arts to a young Colombian-American girl from Miami who pauses to tell “Miss JLo” that she’s her idol. She cried, Lopez cried, and you’ll probably cry, too.”

text: Events[edit]

text:
August 16, 2015, World of Dance Finals, Los Angeles Convention Center[1]
August 15, 2015, World of Dance Los Angeles, Los Angeles Convention Center[1]
July 13, 2015, World of Dance Vancouver, Croatian Cultural Centre[1]
May 30, 2015, World of Dance Orlando, Osceola Performing Arts Center and Expo[1]
May 23, 2015, World of Dance New Jersey, iPLAY AMERICA[1]
May 18, 2015, World of Dance Philippine Qualifier, UP Theater[1]
April 12, 2015, World of Dance Belgium Qualifier, Venue to be determined[1]
April 11, 2015, World of Dance Dallas, South Side Ballroom[1]
April 5, 2015 World of Dance France Qualifier, La Salle Du Summum de Grenoble[1]
March 21, 2015, World of Dance Anaheim, The Grove[1]
February 10, 2015, World of Dance Industry Awards, Avalon Hollywood[1]
January 25, 2015, World of Dance Montreal, Rialto Theatre Montreal[1]
December 20, 2014, World of Dance Las Vegas, Cashman Center[1]
December 14, 2014, World of Dance Hawaii, Blaisdell Concert Hall[1]
November 22, 2014, World of Dance Chicago, Copernicus Theater[1]
November 22, 2014: World of Dance Germany, Huxleys Neue Welt[1]
November 15, 2014: World of Dance Seattle, Highline Performing Arts Center[1]
November 2, 2014: World of Dance Boston, Back Bay Event Center[1]
October 19, 2014: World of Dance Netherlands, Dommelstraat 2[1]
October 18, 2014: World of Dance San Diego, California Center for the Arts[1]
October 4, 2014: World of Dance Toronto, Queen Elizabeth Theatre[1]
September 28, 2014: World of Dance London, Coronet London[1]
August 30, 2014: World of Dance Live, Universal Citywalk[1]
August 23, 2014: World of Dance Houston, Warehouse Live[1]
August 16, 2014: World of Dance Bay Area, Solano Fairgrounds[1]
April 26, 2014: World of Dance Dallas, South Side Ballroom[1]
April 19, 2014: World of Dance Orlando, Osceola Performing Arts Center and Expo[1]
April 12, 2014: World of Dance Los Angeles, Los Angeles Convention Center[1]
March 23, 2014: World of Dance Belgium, TRIX[1]
December 8, 2013: World of Dance Hawaii, Blaisdell Arena[1]
November 16, 2013: World of Dance San Diego, San Diego Concourse[1]
November 15, 2013: World of Dance Chicago, Copernicus Theater[1]
November 9, 2013: World of Dance New Jersey, Encore Event Center[1]
November 2, 2013: World of Dance Boston, Chevalier Theater[1]
October 12, 2013: World of Dance Toronto, Queen Elizabeth Theatre[1]
September 29, 2013: World of Dance Netherlands, DommelStraat 2[1]
September 7, 2013 World of Dance Seattle, Auburn Performing Arts[1]
August 31, 2013: World of Dance Live, Universal Studios Citywalk[1]
August 24, 2013: World of Dance Houston, Warehouse Live[1]
August 17, 2013: World of Dance Bay Area, Solano County Fairgrounds[1]
July 27, 2013: World of Dance Orlando, Osceola Performing Arts Center and Expo[1]
June 22, 2013: World of Dance Vancouver, Croatian Cultural Centre[1]
May 25, 2013: World of Dance New York, Terminal 5[1]
April 20, 2013: World of Dance Dallas, Palladium Ballroom[1]
April 6, 2013: World of Dance Los Angeles, Los Angeles Convention Center[1]
December 8, 2012: World of Dance Hawaii, Blaisdell Arena Honolulu, Hawaii[1]
November 17, 2012: World of Dance Chicago, Copernicus Theater[1]
November 10, 2012: World of Dance Boston, Chevalier Theater[1]
October 6, 2012: World of Dance San Diego, San Diego Concourse[1]
September 29, 2012: World of Dance Vancouver, Douglas College[1]
September 8, 2012: World of Dance Seattle, Auburn Performing Arts Center[1]
August 18, 2012: World of Dance San Francisco, Solano County Fairgrounds[1]
May 26, 2012: World of Dance New York, Harlem Armory[1]
May 20, 2012: World of Dance Toronto, Sound Academy[1]
April 21, 2012: World of Dance Dallas, Palladium Nightclub[1]
April 7, 2012: World of Dance Los Angeles, Los Angeles Convention Center[1]
March 10, 2012: Lifestyle Event “Beat Swap Meet” - one of the best urban events held downtown Los Angeles[2]
March 3, 2012: Battlefest 17, Inside Pulse New York City[3]
March 3, 2012: Urban Street Jam Event, Anaheim Convention Center - featured over 40 groups competing in Adult, Varsity and Junior Varsity sections[4]
February 19, 2012: 2nd Annual World of Dance Industry Awards, ICON Ultra Lounge
November 27, 2011: World of Dance Chicago, Chicago Theater Illinois Chicago[5]
November 5, 2011: World of Dance Boston, Chevalier Theater Boson, Massachusetts[6]
October 15, 2011: World of Dance San Diego Concourse[7]
September 18, 2011: World of Dance Toronto[8]
August 20, 2011: World of Dance – Solano County Fairgrounds[9]
April 2, 2011: World of Dance Los Angeles 2011, Los Angeles Convention Center - Hype took 1st place[10]
2011: World of Dance Seattle, B-boys Battle[11]

text: WOD 2012 Industry Awards[edit]

text:
Decade of Dance Award – Napoleon and Tabitha D'umo (Nappytabs) were recognized for their achievement and dedication to the hip-hop dance community.[12]
Best Junior Team Award – Chi-Town's Finest Breakers were honored as the Best Junior Team of the year.[13]
Teen Choreographer of the year – 16-year-old Chachi Gonzales was named Teen Choreographer of the Year.[14]
Team of the Year - Mos Wanted Crew was nominated for Team of the Year.[15]
January 29, 2012: Vibe 17 Dance Competition, UCI Bren Events Center[16]


document_title: Bessemer process

question_text: who came up with a quicker way to make steel

text: Bessemer process

text: History[edit]

text: Early history[edit]

text: A system akin to the Bessemer process has existed since the 11th century in East Asia.[2][3] Economic historian Robert Hartwell writes that the Chinese of the Song Dynasty innovated a "partial decarbonization" method of repeated forging of cast iron under a cold blast.[11] Sinologist Joseph Needham and historian of metallurgy Theodore A. Wertime have described the method as a predecessor to the Bessemer process of making steel.[2][12][13] This process was first described by the prolific scholar and polymath government official Shen Kuo (1031–1095) in 1075, when he visited Cizhou.[11] Hartwell states that perhaps the earliest center where this was practiced was the great iron-production district along the Henan–Hebei border during the 11th century.[11]

text: In the 15th century the finery process, another process which shares the air-blowing principle with the Bessemer process, was developed in Europe. In 1740 Benjamin Huntsman developed the crucible technique for steel manufacture, at his workshop in the district of Handsworth in Sheffield. This process had an enormous impact on the quantity and quality of steel production, but it was unrelated to the Bessemer-type process employing decarburization.

text: The Japanese may have made use of a Bessemer-type process, which was observed by European travelers in the 17th century.[4] The adventurer Johan Albrecht de Mandelslo describes the process in a book published in English in 1669. He writes, "They have, among others, particular invention for the melting of iron, without the using of fire, casting it into a tun done about on the inside without about half a foot of earth, where they keep it with continual blowing, take it out by ladles full, to give it what form they please." According to historian Donald Wagner, Madelslo did not personally visit Japan, so his description of the process is likely derived from accounts of other Europeans who had traveled to Japan. Wagner believes that the Japanese process may have been similar to the Bessemer process, but cautions that alternative explanations are also plausible.[4]

text: Bessemer's patent[edit]

text: In the early 1850s, the American inventor William Kelly experimented with a method similar to the Bessemer process. Wagner writes that Kelly may have been inspired by techniques introduced by Chinese ironworkers hired by Kelly in 1854.[4] When Bessemer's patent for the process was reported by Scientific American, Kelly responded by writing a letter to the magazine. In the letter, Kelly states that he had previously experimented with the process and claimed that Bessemer knew of Kelly's discovery. He wrote that "I have reason to believe my discovery was known in England three or four years ago, as a number of English puddlers visited this place to see my new process. Several of them have since returned to England and may have spoken of my invention there."[4]

text: Sir Henry Bessemer described the origin of his invention in his autobiography written in 1890. During the outbreak of the Crimean War, many English industrialists and inventors became interested in military technology. According to Bessemer, his invention was inspired by a conversation with Napoleon III in 1854 pertaining to the steel required for better artillery. Bessemer claimed that it "was the spark which kindled one of the greatest revolutions that the present century had to record, for during my solitary ride in a cab that night from Vincennes to Paris, I made up my mind to try what I could to improve the quality of iron in the manufacture of guns."[5] At the time steel was used to make only small items like cutlery and tools, but was too expensive for cannons. Starting in January 1855 he began working on a way to produce steel in the massive quantities required for artillery and by October he filed his first patent related to the Bessemer process. He patented the method a year later in 1856.[5]

text: Bessemer licensed the patent for his process to four ironmasters, for a total of £27,000, but the licensees failed to produce the quality of steel he had promised—it was "rotten hot and rotten cold", according to his friend, William Clay[14]—and he later bought them back for £32,500.[15] His plan had been to offer the licenses to one company in each of several geographic areas, at a royalty price per ton that included a lower rate on a proportion of their output in order to encourage production, but not so large a proportion that they might decide to reduce their selling prices. By this method he hoped to cause the new process to gain in standing and market share.[14]

text: He realised that the technical problem was due to impurities in the iron and concluded that the solution lay in knowing when to turn off the flow of air in his process so that the impurities were burned off but just the right amount of carbon remained. However, despite spending tens of thousands of pounds on experiments, he could not find the answer.[16] Certain grades of steel are sensitive to the 78% nitrogen which was part of the air blast passing through the steel.

text: Bessemer was sued by the patent purchasers who couldn't get it to work. In the end Bessemer set up his own steel company because he knew how to do it, even though he could not convey it to his patent users. Bessemer's company became one of the largest in the world and changed the face of steel making.[17]

text: The solution was first discovered by English metallurgist Robert Forester Mushet, who had carried out thousands of experiments in the Forest of Dean. His method was to first burn off, as far as possible, all the impurities and carbon, then reintroduce carbon and manganese by adding an exact amount of spiegeleisen. This had the effect of improving the quality of the finished product, increasing its malleability—its ability to withstand rolling and forging at high temperatures and making it more suitable for a vast array of uses.[18][19] Mushet's patent ultimately lapsed due to Mushet's inability to pay the patent fees and was acquired by Bessemer. Bessemer earned over 5 million dollars in royalties from the patents.[20]

text: The first company to license the process was the Manchester firm of W & J Galloway, and they did so before Bessemer announced it at Cheltenham in 1856. They are not included in his list of the four to whom he refunded the license fees. However, they subsequently rescinded their license in 1858 in return for the opportunity to invest in a partnership with Bessemer and others. This partnership began to manufacture steel in Sheffield from 1858, initially using imported charcoal pig iron from Sweden. This was the first commercial production.[14][21]

text: Industrial revolution in the United States[edit]

text: Alexander Lyman Holley contributed significantly to the success of Bessemer steel in the United States. His A Treatise on Ordnance and Armor is an important work on contemporary weapons manufacturing and steel-making practices. In 1862, he visited Bessemer's Sheffield works, and became interested in licensing the process for use in the US. Upon returning to the US, Holley met with two iron producers from Troy, New York, John F. Winslow and John Augustus Griswold, who asked him to return to the United Kingdom and negotiate with the Bank of England on their behalf. Holley secured a license for Griswold and Winslow to use Bessemer's patented processes and returned to the United States in late 1863.[22]

text: The trio began setting up a mill in Troy, New York in 1865. The factory contained a number of Holley's innovations that greatly improved productivity over Bessemer's factory in Sheffield, and the owners gave a successful public exhibition in 1867. The Troy factory attracted the attention of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which wanted to use the new process to manufacture steel rail. It funded Holley's second mill as part of its Pennsylvania Steel subsidiary. Between 1866 and 1877, the partners were able to license a total of 11 Bessemer steel mills.

text: One of the investors they attracted was Andrew Carnegie, who saw great promise in the new steel technology after a visit to Bessemer in 1872, and saw it as a useful adjunct to his existing businesses, the Keystone Bridge Company and the Union Iron Works. Holley built the new steel mill for Carnegie, and continued to improve and refine the process. The new mill, known as the Edgar Thomson Steel Works, opened in 1875, and started the growth of the United States as a major world steel producer.[23] Using the Bessemer process, Carnegie Steel was able to reduce the costs of steel railroad rails from $100 per ton to $50 per ton between 1873 and 1875. The price of steel continued to fall until Carnegie was selling rails for $18 per ton by the 1890s. Prior to the opening of Carnegie's Thomson Works, steel output in the United States totaled around 157,000 tons per year. By 1910, American companies were producing 26 million tons of steel annually.[24]

text: William Walker Scranton, manager and owner of the Lackawanna Iron & Coal Company in Scranton, Pennsylvania, had also investigated the process in Europe. He built a mill in 1876 using the Bessemer process for steel rails and quadrupled his production.[25]

text: Bessemer steel was primarily used in the United States for railroad rails. During the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, a major dispute arose over whether crucible steel should be used instead of the cheaper Bessemer steel. In 1877, Abram Hewitt wrote a letter urging against the use of Bessemer steel in the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge.[26][27] Bids had been submitted for both crucible steel and Bessemer steel; John A. Roebling's Sons submitted the lowest bid for Bessemer steel,[28] but at Hewitt's direction, the contract was awarded to J. Lloyd Haigh Co..[29]

text: Technical details[edit]

text: Using the Bessemer process, it took between 10 and 20 minutes to convert three to five tons of iron into steel — it used to take at least a full day of heating, stirring and reheating to achieve this.[30]

text: Oxidation[edit]

text: The blowing of air through the molten pig iron introduces oxygen into the melt which results in oxidation, removing impurities found in the pig iron, such as silicon, manganese, and carbon in the form of oxides. These oxides either escape as gas or form a solid slag. The refractory lining of the converter also plays a role in the conversion — clay linings are used when there is little phosphorus in the raw material – this is known as the acid Bessemer process. When the phosphorus content is high, dolomite, or sometimes magnesite, linings are used in the alkaline Bessemer limestone process. These are also known as Gilchrist–Thomas converters, after their inventors, Percy Gilchrist and Sidney Gilchrist Thomas. In order to produce steel with desired properties, additives such as spiegeleisen (a ferromanganese alloy), can be added to the molten steel once the impurities have been removed.

text: Managing the process[edit]

text: When the required steel had been formed, it was poured into ladles and then transferred into moulds while the lighter slag was left behind. The conversion process, called the "blow", was completed in approximately 20 minutes. During this period the progress of the oxidation of the impurities was judged by the appearance of the flame issuing from the mouth of the converter. The modern use of photoelectric methods of recording the characteristics of the flame greatly aided the blower in controlling final product quality. After the blow, the liquid metal was recarburized to the desired point and other alloying materials were added, depending on the desired product.

text: A Bessemer converter could treat a "heat" (batch of hot metal) of 5 to 30 tons at a time.[31] They were usually operated in pairs, one being blown while another was being filled or tapped.

text: Predecessor processes[edit]

text: Before the Bessemer process, steel could only be made from wrought iron. Wrought iron was made by reducing the carbon content of pig iron. The traditional way to remove carbon from pig iron was to heat the pig iron directly in a fire and hit it with a hammer. This method was extremely labor intensive and by the early 19th century it had been replaced by the puddling process. Until technological advances made it possible to work at higher heats, slag impurities could not be removed entirely, but the reverberatory furnace made it possible to heat iron without placing it directly in the fire, offering some degree of protection from the impurity of the fuel source. Thus, with the advent of this technology, coal began to replace charcoal fuel. The Bessemer process allowed steel to be produced without fuel, using the impurities of the iron to create the necessary heat. This drastically reduced the costs of steel production, but raw materials with the required characteristics could be difficult to find.[32]

text: High-quality steel was made by the reverse process of adding carbon to carbon-free wrought iron, usually imported from Sweden. The manufacturing process, called the cementation process, consisted of heating bars of wrought iron together with charcoal for periods of up to a week in a long stone box. This produced blister steel. The blister steel was put in a crucible with wrought iron and melted, producing crucible steel. Up to 3 tons of expensive coke was burnt for each ton of steel produced. Such steel when rolled into bars was sold at £50 to £60 (approximately £3,390 to £4,070 in 2008)[33] a long ton. The most difficult and work-intensive part of the process, however, was the production of wrought iron done in finery forges in Sweden.

text: This process was refined in the 18th century with the introduction of Benjamin Huntsman's crucible steel-making techniques, which added an additional three hours firing time and required additional large quantities of coke. In making crucible steel, the blister steel bars were broken into pieces and melted in small crucibles, each containing 20 kg or so. This produced higher quality crucible steel but increased the cost. The Bessemer process reduced the time needed to make steel of this quality to about half an hour while requiring only the coke needed initially to melt the pig iron. The earliest Bessemer converters produced steel for £7 a long ton, although it initially sold for around £40 a ton.

text: "Basic" vs. acidic Bessemer process[edit]

text: Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, a Londoner with a Welsh father, was an industrial chemist who decided to tackle the problem of phosphorus in iron, which resulted in the production of low grade steel. Believing that he had discovered a solution, he contacted his cousin, Percy Gilchrist, who was a chemist at the Blaenavon ironworks. The manager at the time, Edward Martin, offered Sidney equipment for large-scale testing and helped him draw up a patent that was taken out in May, 1878. Sidney Gilchrist Thomas's invention consisted of using dolomite or sometimes limestone linings for the Bessemer converter rather than clay, and it became known as the 'basic' Bessemer rather than the 'acid' Bessemer process. An additional advantage was that the processes formed more slag in the converter, and this could be recovered and used very profitably as a phosphate fertilizer.[34]

text: Importance[edit]

text: In 1898, Scientific American published an article called Bessemer Steel and its Effect on the World explaining the significant economic effects of the increased supply in cheap steel. They noted that the expansion of railroads into previously sparsely inhabited regions of the country had led to settlement in those regions, and had made the trade of certain goods profitable, which had previously been too costly to transport.[35]

text: The Bessemer process revolutionized steel manufacture by decreasing its cost, from £40 per long ton to £6–7 per long ton, along with greatly increasing the scale and speed of production of this vital raw material. The process also decreased the labor requirements for steel-making. Before it was introduced, steel was far too expensive to make bridges or the framework for buildings and thus wrought iron had been used throughout the Industrial Revolution. After the introduction of the Bessemer process, steel and wrought iron became similarly priced, and some users, primarily railroads, turned to steel. Quality problems, such as brittleness caused by nitrogen in the blowing air,[36] prevented Bessemer steel from being used for many structural applications.[37] Open-hearth steel was suitable for structural applications.

text: Steel greatly improved the productivity of railroads. Steel rails lasted ten times longer than iron rails. Steel rails, which became heavier as prices fell, could carry heavier locomotives, which could pull longer trains.[38] Steel rail cars were longer and were able to increase the freight to car weight from 1:1 to 2:1.

text: As early as 1895 in the UK it was being noted that the heyday of the Bessemer process was over and that the open hearth method predominated. The Iron and Coal Trades Review said that it was "in a semi-moribund condition. Year after year, it has not only ceased to make progress, but it has absolutely declined." It has been suggested, both at that time and more recently, that the cause of this was the lack of trained personnel and investment in technology rather than anything intrinsic to the process itself.[39] For example, one of the major causes of the decline of the giant ironmaking company Bolckow Vaughan of Middlesbrough was its failure to upgrade its technology.[40] The basic process, the Thomas-Gilchrist process, remained in use longer, especially in Continental Europe, where iron ores were of high phosphorus content[41] and the open-hearth process was not able to remove all phosphorus; almost all inexpensive construction steel in Germany was produced with this method in the 1950s and 1960s.[42] It was eventually superseded by basic oxygen steelmaking.

text: Obsolescence[edit]

text: In the U.S., commercial steel production using this method stopped in 1968. It was replaced by processes such as the basic oxygen (Linz–Donawitz) process, which offered better control of final chemistry. The Bessemer process was so fast (10–20 minutes for a heat) that it allowed little time for chemical analysis or adjustment of the alloying elements in the steel. Bessemer converters did not remove phosphorus efficiently from the molten steel; as low-phosphorus ores became more expensive, conversion costs increased. The process permitted only limited amount of scrap steel to be charged, further increasing costs, especially when scrap was inexpensive. Use of electric arc furnace technology competed favourably with the Bessemer process resulting in its obsolescence.

text: Basic oxygen steelmaking is essentially an improved version of the Bessemer process (decarburization by blowing oxygen as gas into the heat rather than burning the excess carbon away by adding oxygen carrying substances into the heat). The advantages of pure oxygen blast over air blast was known to Henry Bessemer,[citation needed] but the 19th-century technology was not advanced enough to allow for the production of the large quantities of pure oxygen to make it economically feasible for use.