document_title: Chinese tea culture

question_text: what is the purpose of a chinese tea ceremony

root

text: Chinese tea culture

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The concept of tea culture is referred to in Chinese as chayi ("the art of drinking tea"), or cha wenhua ("tea culture"). The word cha (茶) denotes the beverage that is derived from Camellia sinensis, the tea plant. Prior to the 8th century BCE, tea was known collectively under the term 荼 (pinyin: tú) along with a great number of other bitter plants. These two Chinese characters are identical, with the exception of an additional horizontal stroke in the Chinese lettering 荼, which translates to tea. The older character is made up of the radical 艸 (pinyin: cǎo) in its reduced form of 艹 and the character 余(pinyun: yú), which gives the phonetic cue.

tag: p

text: Tea drinking customs[edit]

text: There are several special circumstances in which tea is prepared and consumed in Chinese culture.

text: Finger tapping[edit]

text: Light finger tapping is a customary way to thanking the tea master or tea server for tea. After one's cup is filled, the bent index and middle fingers (or some similar combination) are knocked on the table to express gratitude to the person who served the tea.[1] This custom is common in southern Chinese cultures, like the Cantonese. In other parts of China, it is only acceptable if the person wishing to express gratitude is preoccupied with conversation or cannot actually say "thank you" when the cup is filled.

text: This custom is said to have originated in the Qing dynasty when the Qianlong Emperor traveled in disguise throughout the empire and his accompanying servants were instructed not to reveal their master's identity. One day in a restaurant, after pouring himself a cup of tea the emperor filled a servant's cup as well. To that servant it was a huge honor to have the emperor pour him a cup of tea. Out of habit, he wanted to kneel and express his thanks to the emperor, but he could not do this since that would reveal the emperor's identity. Instead, he bent his fingers and knocked the table to express his gratitude and respect. In this sense, the bent fingers supposedly signify a bowing servant, one finger representing the head and the others the arms.

text: It should be noted that in formal tea ceremonies nodding the head or saying "thank you" is more appropriate.

text: Brewing Chinese tea[edit]

text: The different ways of brewing Chinese tea depend on variables like the formality of the occasion, the means of the people preparing it, and the kind of tea being brewed. For example, green teas are more delicate than oolong teas or black teas; therefore, green tea should be brewed with cooler water. The most informal method of brewing tea is to simply add the leaves to a pot containing hot water. This method is commonly found in households and restaurants, for example, in the context of dim sum or yum cha in Cantonese restaurants. Another method for serving tea is to use a small lidded bowl called a gaiwan. The Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty contributed to the development of loose tea brewing by banning the production of compressed tea.

text: Gongfu cha[edit]

text: Gongfu cha, meaning "making tea with skill", is a popular method of preparing tea in China. It makes use of small Yixing teapots holding about 100 – 150 ml (4 or 5 fl.oz.), the size being thought to enhance the aesthetics and to "round out" the taste of the tea being brewed. Brewing tea in a Yixing teapot can be done for private enjoyment as well as to welcome guests. Depending on the region of China, there may be differences in the steps of brewing as well as the tools used in the process. For example, Taiwanese-style gongfu cha makes use of several additional instruments including tweezers and a tea strainer. The procedure is mostly applicable to oolong teas, but it is some used to make pu'er and other fermented teas.

text: Influence on Chinese culture[edit]

text: Tea has had a major influence on the development of Chinese culture, and Chinese traditional culture is closely connected with Chinese tea. Tea is often associated with literature, arts, and philosophy and is closely connected with Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism. Roughly since the Tang Dynasty, drinking tea has been an essential part of self-cultivation. Chinese Chan (similar to Japanese Zen) philosophy is also linked with drinking tea.

text: Teaware[edit]

text: Traditionally, tea drinkers were regarded as the 'academic' and 'cultural elites' of the society. The practice of drinking tea was considered to be an expression of personal morality, education, social principles, and status. Increased enthusiasm for tea drinking led to the greater production of teaware, which significantly popularized Chinese porcelain culture.

text: Teahouse[edit]

text: Ancient Chinese scholars used the teahouse as a place for sharing ideas. The teahouse was a place where political allegiances and social rank were said to have been temporarily suspended in favor of an honest and rational discourse. The leisurely consumption of tea promoted conviviality and civility amongst the participants. The teahouse is not only a minor by-product of Chinese tea culture; it offers historical evidence of Chinese tea history. Today, people can also sense a kind of humanistic atmosphere in Beijing's Lao She Teahouse and in other teahouses in East China cities like Hangzhou, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi, Shaoxing, Shanghai, and other places. The teahouse atmosphere is still dynamic and vigorous.

text: Modern culture[edit]

text: In modern China, virtually every dwelling—even down to the simplest mud hut—has a set of tea implements for brewing a cup of hot tea. They are symbols of welcome for visitors or neighbors. Traditionally, a visitor to a Chinese home is expected to sit down and drink tea while talking; visiting while remaining standing is considered uncouth. Folding the napkin in tea ceremonies is a traditional act in China performed to keep away bad qi energy.

text: Tea was regarded as one of the seven daily necessities, the others being firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, and vinegar. There are several types of tea: green tea, oolong tea, red tea, black tea, white tea, yellow tea, puerh tea and flower tea. Traditionally, fresh tea leaves are regularly turned over in a deep bowl. This process allows the leaves dry in a way that preserves their full flavor, ready for use.


document_title: World Health Organization

question_text: who is involved in the world health organization

question_tokens: who is involved in the world health organization

text: World Health Organization

text: History[edit]

text: Origins[edit]

text: The International Sanitary Conferences, originally held on 23 June 1851, were the first predecessors of the WHO. A series of 14 conferences that lasted from 1851 to 1938, the International Sanitary Conferences worked to combat many diseases, chief among them cholera, yellow fever, and the bubonic plague. The conferences were largely ineffective until the seventh, in 1892; when an International Sanitary Convention that dealt with cholera was passed. Five years later, a convention for the plague was signed.[2] In part as a result of the successes of the Conferences, the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau, and the Office International d'Hygiène Publique were soon founded in 1902 and 1907, respectively. When the League of Nations was formed in 1920, they established the Health Organization of the League of Nations. After World War II, the United Nations absorbed all the other health organizations, to form the WHO.[3]

text: Establishment[edit]

text: During the 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization, Szeming Sze, a delegate from China, conferred with Norwegian and Brazilian delegates on creating an international health organization under the auspices of the new United Nations. After failing to get a resolution passed on the subject, Alger Hiss, the Secretary General of the conference, recommended using a declaration to establish such an organization. Sze and other delegates lobbied and a declaration passed calling for an international conference on health.[4] The use of the word "world", rather than "international", emphasized the truly global nature of what the organization was seeking to achieve.[5] The constitution of the World Health Organization was signed by all 51 countries of the United Nations, and by 10 other countries, on 22 July 1946.[6] It thus became the first specialized agency of the United Nations to which every member subscribed.[7] Its constitution formally came into force on the first World Health Day on 7 April 1948, when it was ratified by the 26th member state.[6] The first meeting of the World Health Assembly finished on 24 July 1948, having secured a budget of US$5 million (then GB£1,250,000) for the 1949 year. Andrija Stampar was the Assembly's first president, and G. Brock Chisholm was appointed Director-General of WHO, having served as Executive Secretary during the planning stages.[5] Its first priorities were to control the spread of malaria, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections, and to improve maternal and child health, nutrition and environmental hygiene.[8] Its first legislative act was concerning the compilation of accurate statistics on the spread and morbidity of disease.[5] The logo of the World Health Organization features the Rod of Asclepius as a symbol for healing.[9]

text: Operational history[edit]

text: In 1947 the WHO established an epidemiological information service via telex, and by 1950 a mass tuberculosis inoculation drive using the BCG vaccine was under way. In 1955, the malaria eradication programme was launched, although it was later altered in objective. 1965 saw the first report on diabetes mellitus and the creation of the International Agency for Research on Cancer.[10]

text: In 1958, Viktor Zhdanov, Deputy Minister of Health for the USSR, called on the World Health Assembly to undertake a global initiative to eradicate smallpox, resulting in Resolution WHA11.54.[11] At this point, 2 million people were dying from smallpox every year.[citation needed]

text: In 1966, the WHO moved its headquarters from the Ariana wing at the Palace of Nations to a newly constructed HQ elsewhere in Geneva.[10][12]

text: In 1967, the World Health Organization intensified the global smallpox eradication by contributing $2.4 million annually to the effort and adopted a new disease surveillance method.[13][14] The initial problem the WHO team faced was inadequate reporting of smallpox cases. WHO established a network of consultants who assisted countries in setting up surveillance and containment activities.[15] The WHO also helped contain the last European outbreak in Yugoslavia in 1972.[16] After over two decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1979 that the disease had been eradicated – the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.[17] Also in 1967, the WHO launched the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases and the World Health Assembly voted to enact a resolution on Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, with a focus on community-driven care.

text: In 1974, the Expanded Programme on Immunization and the control programme of onchocerciasis was started, an important partnership between the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the World Bank.

text: In 1977, the first list of essential medicines was drawn up, and a year later the ambitious goal of "health for all" was declared.

text: In 1986, the WHO began its global programme on HIV/AIDS. Two years later preventing discrimination against sufferers was attended to and in 1996 UNAIDS was formed.

text: In 1988, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was established.[10]

text: In 1998, WHO's Director-General highlighted gains in child survival, reduced infant mortality, increased life expectancy and reduced rates of "scourges" such as smallpox and polio on the fiftieth anniversary of WHO's founding. He, did, however, accept that more had to be done to assist maternal health and that progress in this area had been slow.[18]

text: In 2000, the Stop TB Partnership was created along with the UN's formulation of the Millennium Development Goals. In 2001 the measles initiative was formed, and credited with reducing global deaths from the disease by 68% by 2007. In 2002, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was drawn up to improve the resources available.[10] In 2006, the organization endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit for Zimbabwe, which formed the basis for a global prevention, treatment and support plan to fight the AIDS pandemic.[19]

text: Overall focus[edit]

text: The WHO's Constitution states that its objective "is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health".[20]

text: The WHO fulfills this objective through its functions as defined in its Constitution: (a) To act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work; (b) To establish and maintain effective collaboration with the United Nations, specialized agencies, governmental health administrations, professional groups and such other organizations as may be deemed appropriate; (c) To assist Governments, upon request, in strengthening health services; (d) To furnish appropriate technical assistance and, in emergencies, necessary aid upon the request or acceptance of Governments; (e) To provide or assist in providing, upon the request of the United Nations, health services and facilities to special groups, such as the peoples of trust territories; (f) To establish and maintain such administrative and technical services as may be required, including epidemiological and statistical services; (g) to stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases; (h) To promote, in co-operation with other specialized agencies where necessary, the prevention of accidental injuries; (i) To promote, in co-operation with other specialized agencies where necessary, the improvement of nutrition, housing, sanitation, recreation, economic or working conditions and other aspects of environmental hygiene; (j) To promote co-operation among scientific and professional groups which contribute to the advancement of health; (k) To propose conventions, agreements and regulations, and make recommendations with respect to international health matters and to perform.[citation needed]

text: As of  2012[update], the WHO has defined its role in public health as follows:[21]

text:
providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed;
shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation, and dissemination of valuable knowledge;[22]
setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;
providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity; and
monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.
CRVS (Civil Registration and Vital Statistics) to provide monitoring of vital events (birth, death, wedding, divorce).[23]

tag: ul

text: Communicable diseases[edit]

text: The 2012–2013 WHO budget identified 5 areas among which funding was distributed.[24] Two of those five areas related to communicable diseases: the first, to reduce the "health, social and economic burden" of communicable diseases in general; the second to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis in particular.[24]

text: As of 2015, the WHO has worked within the UNAIDS network and strived to involve sections of society other than health to help deal with the economic and social effects of HIV/AIDS.[25] In line with UNAIDS, WHO has set itself the interim task between 2009 and 2015 of reducing the number of those aged 15–24 years who are infected by 50%; reducing new HIV infections in children by 90%; and reducing HIV-related deaths by 25%.[26]

text: During the 1970s, WHO had dropped its commitment to a global malaria eradication campaign as too ambitious, it retained a strong commitment to malaria control. WHO's Global Malaria Programme works to keep track of malaria cases, and future problems in malaria control schemes. As of 2012, the WHO was to report as to whether RTS,S/AS01, were a viable malaria vaccine. For the time being, insecticide-treated mosquito nets and insecticide sprays are used to prevent the spread of malaria, as are antimalarial drugs – particularly to vulnerable people such as pregnant women and young children.[27]

text: Between 1990 and 2010, WHO's help has contributed to a 40% decline in the number of deaths from tuberculosis, and since 2005, over 46 million people have been treated and an estimated 7 million lives saved through practices advocated by WHO. These include engaging national governments and their financing, early diagnosis, standardizing treatment, monitoring of the spread and effect of tuberculosis and stabilising the drug supply. It has also recognized the vulnerability of victims of HIV/AIDS to tuberculosis.[28]

text: In 1988, WHO launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to eradicate polio.[citation needed] It has also been successful in helping to reduce cases by 99% since which partnered WHO with Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and smaller organizations. As of  2011[update], it has been working to immunize young children and prevent the re-emergence of cases in countries declared "polio-free".[29] In 2017, a study was conducted where  why Polio Vaccines may not be enough to eradicate the Virus & conduct new technology. Polio is now on the verge of extinction, thanks to a Global Vaccination Drive. the World Health Organization (WHO) stated the eradication programme has saved millions from deadly disease.[citation needed]

text: Non-communicable diseases[edit]

text: Another of the thirteen WHO priority areas is aimed at the prevention and reduction of "disease, disability and premature deaths from chronic noncommunicable diseases, mental disorders, violence and injuries, and visual impairment".[24][30] The Division of Noncommunicable Diseases for Promoting Health through the Life-course Sexual and Reproductive Health has published the magazine, Entre Nous, across Europe since 1983.[31]

text: Environmental health[edit]

text: The WHO estimates that 12.6 million people died as a result of living or working in an unhealthy environment in 2012 –  this accounts for nearly 1 in 4 of total global deaths. Environmental risk factors, such as air, water and soil pollution, chemical exposures, climate change, and ultraviolet radiation, contribute to more than 100 diseases and injuries. This can result in a number of pollution-related diseases.[32]

text: Life course and life style[edit]

text: WHO works to "reduce morbidity and mortality and improve health during key stages of life, including pregnancy, childbirth, the neonatal period, childhood and adolescence, and improve sexual and reproductive health and promote active and healthy aging for all individuals".[24][33]

text: It also tries to prevent or reduce risk factors for "health conditions associated with use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity and unsafe sex".[24][34][35]

text: The WHO works to improve nutrition, food safety and food security and to ensure this has a positive effect on public health and sustainable development.[24]

text: Surgery and trauma care[edit]

text: The WHO promotes road safety as a means to reduce traffic-related injuries.[36]

text: The WHO has also worked on global initiatives in surgery, including emergency and essential surgical care,[37] trauma care,[38] and safe surgery.[39] The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist is in current use worldwide in the effort to improve patient safety.[40]

text: Emergency work[edit]

text: The World Health Organization's primary objective in natural and man-made emergencies is to coordinate with member states and other stakeholders to "reduce avoidable loss of life and the burden of disease and disability."[24]

text: On 5 May 2014, WHO announced that the spread of polio was a world health emergency – outbreaks of the disease in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East were considered "extraordinary".[41][42]

text: On 8 August 2014, WHO declared that the spread of Ebola was a public health emergency; an outbreak which was believed to have started in Guinea had spread to other nearby countries such as Liberia and Sierra Leone. The situation in West Africa was considered very serious.[43]

text: Health policy[edit]

text: WHO addresses government health policy with two aims: firstly, "to address the underlying social and economic determinants of health through policies and programmes that enhance health equity and integrate pro-poor, gender-responsive, and human rights-based approaches" and secondly "to promote a healthier environment, intensify primary prevention and influence public policies in all sectors so as to address the root causes of environmental threats to health".[24]

text: The organization develops and promotes the use of evidence-based tools, norms and standards to support member states to inform health policy options. It oversees the implementation of the International Health Regulations, and publishes a series of medical classifications; of these, three are over-reaching "reference classifications": the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD), the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI).[44] Other international policy frameworks produced by WHO include the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (adopted in 1981),[45] Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (adopted in 2003)[46] and the Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel (adopted in 2010).[47]

text: In terms of health services, WHO looks to improve "governance, financing, staffing and management" and the availability and quality of evidence and research to guide policy. It also strives to "ensure improved access, quality and use of medical products and technologies".[24] WHO – working with donor agencies and national governments – can improve their use of and their reporting about their use of research evidence.[48]

text: Governance and support[edit]

text: The remaining two of WHO's thirteen identified policy areas relate to the role of WHO itself:[24]

text:
"to provide leadership, strengthen governance and foster partnership and collaboration with countries, the United Nations system, and other stakeholders in order to fulfill the mandate of WHO in advancing the global health agenda"; and
"to develop and sustain WHO as a flexible, learning organization, enabling it to carry out its mandate more efficiently and effectively".

text: Partnerships[edit]

text: The WHO along with the World Bank constitute the core team responsible for administering the International Health Partnership (IHP+). The IHP+ is a group of partner governments, development agencies, civil society and others committed to improving the health of citizens in developing countries. Partners work together to put international principles for aid effectiveness and development co-operation into practice in the health sector.[49]

text: The organization relies on contributions from renowned scientists and professionals to inform its work, such as the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization,[50] the WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy,[51] and the WHO Study Group on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice.[52]

text: WHO runs the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, targeted at improving health policy and systems.[53]

text: WHO also aims to improve access to health research and literature in developing countries such as through the HINARI network.[54]

text: Public health education and action[edit]

text: Each year, the organization marks World Health Day and other observances focusing on a specific health promotion topic. World Health Day falls on 7 April each year, timed to match the anniversary of WHO's founding. Recent themes have been vector-borne diseases (2014), healthy ageing (2012) and drug resistance (2011).[55]

text: The other official global public health campaigns marked by WHO are World Tuberculosis Day, World Immunization Week, World Malaria Day, World No Tobacco Day, World Blood Donor Day, World Hepatitis Day, and World AIDS Day.

text: As part of the United Nations, the World Health Organization supports work towards the Millennium Development Goals.[56] Of the eight Millennium Development Goals, three – reducing child mortality by two-thirds, to reduce maternal deaths by three-quarters, and to halt and begin to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS – relate directly to WHO's scope; the other five inter-relate and affect world health.[57]

text: Data handling and publications[edit]

text: The World Health Organization works to provide the needed health and well-being evidence through a variety of data collection platforms, including the World Health Survey covering almost 400,000 respondents from 70 countries,[58] and the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE) covering over 50,000 persons over 50 years old in 23 countries.[59] The Country Health Intelligence Portal (CHIP), has also been developed to provide an access point to information about the health services that are available in different countries.[60] The information gathered in this portal is used by the countries to set priorities for future strategies or plans, implement, monitor, and evaluate it.

text: The WHO has published various tools for measuring and monitoring the capacity of national health systems[61] and health workforces.[62] The Global Health Observatory (GHO) has been the WHO's main portal which provides access to data and analyses for key health themes by monitoring health situations around the globe.[63]

text: The WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS), the WHO Quality Of Life Instrument (WHOQOL), and the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) provide guidance for data collection.[64] Collaborative efforts between WHO and other agencies, such as through the Health Metrics Network, also aim to provide sufficient high-quality information to assist governmental decision making.[65] WHO promotes the development of capacities in member states to use and produce research that addresses their national needs, including through the Evidence-Informed Policy Network (EVIPNet).[66] The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/AMRO) became the first region to develop and pass a policy on research for health approved in September 2009.[67]

text: On 10 December 2013, a new WHO database, known as MiNDbank, went online. The database was launched on Human Rights Day, and is part of WHO's QualityRights initiative, which aims to end human rights violations against people with mental health conditions. The new database presents a great deal of information about mental health, substance abuse, disability, human rights, and the different policies, strategies, laws, and service standards being implemented in different countries.[68] It also contains important international documents and information. The database allows visitors to access the health information of WHO member states and other partners. Users can review policies, laws, and strategies and search for the best practices and success stories in the field of mental health.[68]

text: The WHO regularly publishes a World Health Report, its leading publication, including an expert assessment of a specific global health topic.[69] Other publications of WHO include the Bulletin of the World Health Organization,[70] the Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal (overseen by EMRO),[71] the Human Resources for Health (published in collaboration with BioMed Central),[72] and the Pan American Journal of Public Health (overseen by PAHO/AMRO).[73]

text: Structure[edit]

text: The World Health Organization is a member of the United Nations Development Group.[74]

text: Membership[edit]

text: As of  2016[update], the WHO has 194 member states: all of them Member States of the United Nations except for the Cook Islands and Niue.[75] (A state becomes a full member of WHO by ratifying the treaty known as the Constitution of the World Health Organization.) As of  2013[update], it also had two associate members, Puerto Rico and Tokelau.[76] Several other countries have been granted observer status. Palestine is an observer as a "national liberation movement" recognized by the League of Arab States under United Nations Resolution 3118. The Holy See also attends as an observer, as does the Order of Malta.[77] In 2010, Taiwan was invited under the name of "Chinese Taipei".[78]

text: WHO Member States appoint delegations to the World Health Assembly, WHO's supreme decision-making body. All UN Member States are eligible for WHO membership, and, according to the WHO website, "other countries may be admitted as members when their application has been approved by a simple majority vote of the World Health Assembly".[75] Liechtenstein is currently the only UN member not in the WHO membership.

text: In addition, the UN observer organizations International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies have entered into "official relations" with WHO and are invited as observers. In the World Health Assembly they are seated alongside the other NGOs.[77]

text: World Health Assembly and Executive Board[edit]

text: The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the legislative and supreme body of WHO. Based in Geneva, it typically meets yearly in May. It appoints the Director-General every five years and votes on matters of policy and finance of WHO, including the proposed budget. It also reviews reports of the Executive Board and decides whether there are areas of work requiring further examination. The Assembly elects 34 members, technically qualified in the field of health, to the Executive Board for three-year terms. The main functions of the Board are to carry out the decisions and policies of the Assembly, to advise it and to facilitate its work.[79] The World Health Assembly's President is . The current chairman of the executive board is Dr. Assad Hafeez.

text: Regional offices[edit]

text: The regional divisions of WHO were created between 1949 and 1952, and are based on article 44 of the WHO's constitution, which allowed the WHO to "establish a [single] regional organization to meet the special needs of [each defined] area". Many decisions are made at regional level, including important discussions over WHO's budget, and in deciding the members of the next assembly, which are designated by the regions.[80]

text: Each region has a Regional Committee, which generally meets once a year, normally in the autumn. Representatives attend from each member or associative member in each region, including those states that are not fully recognized. For example, Palestine attends meetings of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional office. Each region also has a regional office.[80] Each Regional Office is headed by a Regional Director, who is elected by the Regional Committee. The Board must approve such appointments, although as of 2004, it had never over-ruled the preference of a regional committee. The exact role of the board in the process has been a subject of debate, but the practical effect has always been small.[80] Since 1999, Regional Directors serve for a once-renewable five-year term, and typically take their position on 1 February.[81]

text: Each Regional Committee of the WHO consists of all the Health Department heads, in all the governments of the countries that constitute the Region. Aside from electing the Regional Director, the Regional Committee is also in charge of setting the guidelines for the implementation, within the region, of the health and other policies adopted by the World Health Assembly. The Regional Committee also serves as a progress review board for the actions of WHO within the Region.[citation needed]

text: The Regional Director is effectively the head of WHO for his or her Region. The RD manages and/or supervises a staff of health and other experts at the regional offices and in specialized centres. The RD is also the direct supervising authority—concomitantly with the WHO Director-General—of all the heads of WHO country offices, known as WHO Representatives, within the Region.[citation needed]

text:
Regional Offices of WHO

Region

Headquarters

Notes

Website

Africa

Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

AFRO includes most of Africa, with the exception of Egypt, Sudan, Djibouti, Tunisia, Libya, Somalia and Morocco (all fall under EMRO).[82] The Regional Director is Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, a Botswanan national. (Tenure: -Present).[83]

AFRO

Europe

Copenhagen, Denmark.

EURO includes all of Europe (except Liechtenstein) Israel, and all of the former USSR.[84] The Regional Director is Dr. Zsuzsanna Jakab, a Hungarian national (Tenure: 2010 – present).[85]

EURO

South-East Asia

New Delhi, India

North Korea is served by SEARO.[86] The Regional Director is Dr. Poonam Khetrapal Singh, an Indian national (Tenure: 2014 – present).[87]

SEARO

Eastern Mediterranean

Cairo, Egypt

The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office serves the countries of Africa that are not included in AFRO, as well as all countries in the Middle East except for Israel. Pakistan is served by EMRO.[88] The Regional Director is Dr. Ahmed Al-Mandhari, an Omani national (Tenure: 2018 – present).[89]

EMRO

Western Pacific

Manila, Philippines.

WPRO covers all the Asian countries not served by SEARO and EMRO, and all the countries in Oceania. South Korea is served by WPRO.[90] The Regional Director is Dr. Shin Young-soo, a South Korean national (Tenure: 2009 – present).[91]

WPRO

The Americas

Washington D.C., USA.

Also known as the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and covers the Americas.[92] The WHO Regional Director is Dr. Carissa F. Etienne, a Dominican national (Tenure: 2013 – present).[93]

AMRO

tag: table

text: Director-General[edit]

text:
Directors-General of the WHO[94]

Name and Nationality

Years of tenure

 Tedros Adhanom
2017 – present

 Margaret Chan
2007–2017

 Anders Nordström*
2006–2007

 Lee Jong-wook
2003–2006

 Gro Harlem Brundtland
1998–2003

 Hiroshi Nakajima
1988–1998

 Halfdan T. Mahler
1973–1988

 Marcolino Gomes Candau
1953–1973

 Brock Chisholm
1948–1953

*Appointed acting Director-General following the death of Lee Jong-wook while in office

text: The head of the organization is the Director-General, elected by the World Health Assembly.[95] The term lasts for 5 years, and Director-Generals are typically appointed in May, when the Assembly meets. The current Director-General is Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who was appointed on 1 July 2017.[96]

text: Employees[edit]

text: The WHO employs 8,500 people in 147 countries.[97] In support of the principle of a tobacco-free work environment, the WHO does not recruit cigarette smokers.[98] The organization has previously instigated the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2003.[99]

text: Goodwill Ambassadors[edit]

text: The WHO operates "Goodwill Ambassadors"; members of the arts, sports, or other fields of public life aimed at drawing attention to WHO's initiatives and projects. There are currently five Goodwill Ambassadors (Jet Li, Nancy Brinker, Peng Liyuan, Yohei Sasakawa and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra) and a further ambassador associated with a partnership project (Craig David).[100]

text: Country and liaison offices[edit]

text: The World Health Organization operates 147 country offices in all its regions.[101] It also operates several liaison offices, including those with the European Union, United Nations and a single office covering the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. It also operates the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France, and the WHO Centre for Health Development in Kobe, Japan.[102] Additional offices include those in Pristina; the West Bank and Gaza; the US-Mexico Border Field Office in El Paso; the Office of the Caribbean Program Coordination in Barbados; and the Northern Micronesia office.[103] There will generally be one WHO country office in the capital, occasionally accompanied by satellite-offices in the provinces or sub-regions of the country in question.

text: The country office is headed by a WHO Representative (WR). As of  2010[update], the only WHO Representative outside Europe to be a national of that country was for the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ("Libya"); all other staff were international. WHO Representatives in the Region termed the Americas are referred to as PAHO/WHO Representatives. In Europe, WHO Representatives also serve as Head of Country Office, and are nationals with the exception of Serbia; there are also Heads of Country Office in Albania, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan.[103] The WR is member of the UN system country team which is coordinated by the UN System Resident Coordinator.

text: The country office consists of the WR, and several health and other experts, both foreign and local, as well as the necessary support staff.[101] The main functions of WHO country offices include being the primary adviser of that country's government in matters of health and pharmaceutical policies.[104]

text: Financing and partnerships[edit]

text: The WHO is financed by contributions from member states and outside donors. As of  2012[update], the largest annual assessed contributions from member states came from the United States ($110 million), Japan ($58 million), Germany ($37 million), United Kingdom ($31 million) and France ($31 million).[105] The combined 2012–2013 budget has proposed a total expenditure of $3,959 million, of which $944 million (24%) will come from assessed contributions. This represented a significant fall in outlay compared to the previous 2009–2010 budget, adjusting to take account of previous underspends. Assessed contributions were kept the same. Voluntary contributions will account for $3,015 million (76%), of which $800 million is regarded as highly or moderately flexible funding, with the remainder tied to particular programmes or objectives.[106]

text: In recent years, the WHO's work has involved increasing collaboration with external bodies.[107] As of  2002[update], a total of 473 non-governmental organizations (NGO) had some form of partnership with WHO. There were 189 partnerships with international NGOs in formal "official relations" – the rest being considered informal in character.[108] Partners include the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation[109] and the Rockefeller Foundation.[110]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: IAEA – Agreement WHA 12–40[edit]

text: In 1959, the WHO signed Agreement WHA 12–40 with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). A reading of this document can result in the understanding that the IAEA is able to prevent the WHO from conducting research or work on some areas, as seen hereafter. The agreement states that the WHO recognizes the IAEA as having responsibility for peaceful nuclear energy without prejudice to the roles of the WHO of promoting health. However, the following paragraph adds that "whenever either organization proposes to initiate a programme or activity on a subject in which the other organization has or may have a substantial interest, the first party shall consult the other with a view to adjusting the matter by mutual agreement".[111] The nature of this statement has led some pressure groups and activists (including Women in Europe for a Common Future) to claim that the WHO is restricted in its ability to investigate the effects on human health of radiation caused by the use of nuclear power and the continuing effects of nuclear disasters in Chernobyl and Fukushima. They believe WHO must regain what they see as "independence".[112][113][114]

text: Roman Catholic Church and AIDS[edit]

text: In 2003, the WHO denounced the Roman Curia's health department's opposition to the use of condoms, saying: "These incorrect statements about condoms and HIV are dangerous when we are facing a global pandemic which has already killed more than 20 million people, and currently affects at least 42 million."[115] As of  2009[update], the Catholic Church remains opposed to increasing the use of contraception to combat HIV/AIDS.[116] At the time, the World Health Assembly President, Guyana's Health Minister Leslie Ramsammy, has condemned Pope Benedict's opposition to contraception, saying he was trying to "create confusion" and "impede" proven strategies in the battle against the disease.[117]

text: Intermittent preventive therapy[edit]

text: The aggressive support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for intermittent preventive therapy of malaria triggered a memo from the former WHO malaria chief Akira Kochi.[118]

text: Diet and sugar intake[edit]

text: Some of the research undertaken or supported by WHO to determine how people's lifestyles and environments are influencing whether they live in better or worse health can be controversial, as illustrated by a 2003 joint WHO/FAO report on nutrition and the prevention of chronic non-communicable disease,[119] which recommended that sugar should form no more than 10% of a healthy diet. The report led to lobbying by the sugar industry against the recommendation, to which the WHO/FAO responded by including in the report this statement: "The Consultation recognized that a population goal for free sugars of less than 10% of total energy is controversial". It also stood by its recommendation based upon its own analysis of scientific studies.[120] In 2014, WHO reduced recommended sugar levels by half and said that sugar should make up no more than 5% of a healthy diet.[121]

text: 2009 swine flu pandemic[edit]

text: In 2007, the WHO organized work on pandemic influenza vaccine development through clinical trials in collaboration with many experts and health officials.[122] A pandemic involving the H1N1 influenza virus was declared by the then Director-General Margaret Chan in April 2009.[123] Margret Chan declared in 2010 that the H1N1 has moved into the post-pandemic period.[124]

text: By the post-pandemic period critics claimed the WHO had exaggerated the danger, spreading "fear and confusion" rather than "immediate information".[125] Industry experts countered that the 2009 pandemic had led to "unprecedented collaboration between global health authorities, scientists and manufacturers, resulting in the most comprehensive pandemic response ever undertaken, with a number of vaccines approved for use three months after the pandemic declaration. This response was only possible because of the extensive preparations undertaken during the last decade".[126]

text: 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak and reform efforts[edit]

text: Following the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, the organization was heavily criticized for its bureaucracy, insufficient financing, regional structure, and staffing profile.[127]

text: An internal WHO report on the Ebola response pointed to underfunding and the lack of "core capacity" in health systems in developing countries as the primary weaknesses of the existing system.  At the annual World Health Assembly in 2015, Director-General Margaret Chan announced a $100 million Contingency Fund for rapid response to future emergencies,[128][129] of which it had received $26.9 million by April 2016 (for 2017 disbursement).  WHO has budgeted an additional $494 million for its Health Emergencies Programme in 2016–17, for which it had received $140 million by April 2016.[130]

text: The program was aimed at rebuilding WHO capacity for direct action, which critics said had been lost due to budget cuts in the previous decade that had left the organization in an advisory role dependent on member states for on-the-ground activities.  In comparison, billions of dollars have been spent by developed countries on the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic and 2015–16 Zika epidemic.[131]

text: FCTC implementation database[edit]

text: The WHO has a Framework Convention on Tobacco implementation database which is one of the only mechanisms to help enforce compliance with the FCTC.[132] However, there have been reports of numerous discrepancies between it and national implementation reports on which it was built. As researchers Hoffman and Rizvi report "As of July 4, 2012, 361 (32·7%) of 1104 countries' responses were misreported: 33 (3·0%) were clear errors (eg, database indicated “yes” when report indicated “no”), 270 (24·5%) were missing despite countries having submitted responses, and 58 (5·3%) were, in our opinion, misinterpreted by WHO staff".[133]

text: IARC controversies[edit]

text: The World Health Organization sub-department, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), has been criticized for the way it analyses the tendency of certain substances and activities to cause cancer and for having a politically motivated bias when it selects studies for its analysis. Ed Yong, a British science journalist, has criticized the agency and its "confusing" category system for misleading the public.[134] Marcel Kuntz, a French director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, criticized the agency for its classification of potentially carcinogenic substances. He claimed that this classification did not take into account the extent of exposure: for example, red meat is qualified as probably carcinogenic, but the quantity of consumed red meat at which it could become dangerous is not specified.[135]

text: Controversies have erupted multiple times when the IARC has classified many things as Class 2a (probable carcinogens), including cell phone signals, glyphosate, drinking hot beverages, and working as a barber.[136]

text: Block of Taiwanese participation[edit]

text: Political pressure from China has led to Taiwan being barred from membership of the WHO and other UN-affiliated organizations, and in both 2017 and 2018 the WHO refused to allow Taiwanese delegates to attend the WHO annual assembly.[137] On multiple occasions Taiwanese journalists have been denied access to report on the assembly.[138]

text: In May 2018, 172 members of the United States House of Representatives wrote to the Director General of the World Health Organization to argue for Taiwan's inclusion as an observer at the WHA.[139]

text: Travel expenses[edit]

text: According to The Associated Press, the WHO routinely spends about $200 million a year on travel expenses, more than it spends to tackle mental health problems, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria combined. In 2016, Margaret Chan, Director-General of WHO from November 2006 to June 2017,[140] stayed in a $1000 per night hotel room while visiting West Africa.[141]

text: Robert Mugabe's role as a goodwill ambassador[edit]

text: On 21 October 2017, the Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus appointed former Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe as a WHO Goodwill Ambassador to help promote the fight against non-communicable diseases. The appointment address praised Mugabe for his commitment to public health in Zimbabwe.

text: The appointment attracted widespread condemnation and criticism in WHO member states and international organizations due to Robert Mugabe's poor record on human rights and presiding over a decline in Zimbabwe's public health.[142][143] Due to the outcry, the following day the appointment was revoked.[144]

text: World headquarters[edit]

text: The seat of the organization is in Geneva, Switzerland. It was designed by Swiss architect Jean Tschumi and inaugurated in 1966.[145] In 2017, the organization launched an international competition to redesign and extend its headquarters.[146]

text: Early views[edit]

text: Views 2013[edit]


document_title: List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones

question_text: who has had the most number one hits worldwide

question_tokens: who has had the most number one hits worldwide

text: List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones

text: All-Time Hot 100 achievements (1958–2015)

text: In 2008, for the 50th anniversary of the Hot 100, Billboard magazine compiled a ranking of the 100 best-performing songs on the chart over the 50 years, along with the best-performing artists.[1][2] In 2013, Billboard revised the rankings for the chart's 55th anniversary edition.[3] In 2015, Billboard revised the rankings again.[4] Shown below are the top 10 songs and top 10 artists over the 57-year period of the Hot 100, through October 2015. Also shown are the artists placing the most songs on the overall "all-time" top 100 song list.

text: Top 10 songs of All-Time (1958–2015)

text:
Rank
Single
Year(s) released
Artist(s)
Peak and duration

1.

"The Twist"

1960, 1961*

Chubby Checker
#1 for 3 weeks

2.

"Smooth"

1999

Santana featuring Rob Thomas
#1 for 12 weeks

3.

"Mack the Knife"

1959

Bobby Darin
#1 for 9 weeks

4.

"How Do I Live"

1997

LeAnn Rimes
#2 for 4 weeks

5.

"Party Rock Anthem"

2011

LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett & GoonRock
#1 for 6 weeks

6.

"I Gotta Feeling"

2009

The Black Eyed Peas
#1 for 14 weeks

7.

"Macarena (Bayside Boys mix)"

1996

Los Del Rio
#1 for 14 weeks

8.

"Physical"

1981

Olivia Newton-John
#1 for 10 weeks

9.

"You Light Up My Life"

1977

Debby Boone
#1 for 10 weeks

10.

"Hey Jude"

1968

The Beatles
#1 for 9 weeks

text:
* – re-released
Source:[5]

text: Top 10 artists of All-Time (1958–2015)

text:
Rank
Artist

1.

The Beatles

2.

Madonna

3.

Elton John

4.

Elvis Presley

5.

Mariah Carey

6.

Stevie Wonder

7.

Janet Jackson

8.

Michael Jackson

9.

Whitney Houston

10.

The Rolling Stones

text: Artists with the most songs on Billboard's Top 100 Hits of All-Time (1958–2015)

text:
Number of
songs
Artist
Songs (ranking)

3

Lionel Richie
"Endless Love" (16), "Say You, Say Me" (89), "All Night Long" (91)

Boyz II Men
"I'll Make Love to You" (20), "One Sweet Day" (35), "End of the Road" (52)

Bee Gees
"How Deep Is Your Love" (23), "Night Fever" (39), "Stayin' Alive" (56)

Paul McCartney
"Silly Love Songs" (37), "Say Say Say" (41), "Ebony and Ivory" (73)

2

The Black Eyed Peas
"I Gotta Feeling" (6), "Boom Boom Pow" (53)

The Beatles
"Hey Jude" (10), "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (45)

Mariah Carey
"We Belong Together" (11), "One Sweet Day" (35)

Bruno Mars
"Uptown Funk" (12), "Just the Way You Are" (79)

Diana Ross
"Endless Love" (16), "Upside Down" (77)

Andy Gibb
"I Just Want to Be Your Everything" (27), "Shadow Dancing" (46)

Marvin Gaye
"Let's Get It On" (38), "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" (81)

Michael Jackson
"Say Say Say" (41), "Billie Jean" (83)

Pharrell Williams
"Blurred Lines" (48), "Happy" (76)

Elton John
"Candle In the Wind 1997" (49), "That's What Friends Are For" (75)

Stevie Wonder
"Ebony and Ivory" (73), "That's What Friends Are For" (75)

text: Song milestones

text: Most weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist(s)
Song
Year(s)

16

Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men
"One Sweet Day"
1995–96

Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber
"Despacito"
2017

14

Whitney Houston
"I Will Always Love You"
1992–93

Boyz II Men
"I'll Make Love to You"
1994

Los del Río
"Macarena" (Bayside Boys mix)
1996

Elton John
"Candle in the Wind 1997" /
"Something About the Way You Look Tonight"
1997

Mariah Carey
"We Belong Together"
2005

The Black Eyed Peas
"I Gotta Feeling"
2009

Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
"Uptown Funk"
2015

13

Boyz II Men
"End of the Road"
1992

Brandy and Monica
"The Boy Is Mine"
1998

12

Santana featuring Rob Thomas
"Smooth"
1999–2000

Eminem
"Lose Yourself"
2002–03

Usher featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris
"Yeah!"
2004

The Black Eyed Peas
"Boom Boom Pow"
2009

Robin Thicke featuring T.I. and Pharrell
"Blurred Lines"
2013

Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth
"See You Again"
2015

The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
"Closer"
2016

Ed Sheeran
"Shape of You"
2017

11

All-4-One
"I Swear"
1994

Toni Braxton
"Un-Break My Heart"
1996–97

Puff Daddy and Faith Evans featuring 112
"I'll Be Missing You"
1997

Destiny's Child
"Independent Women Part I"
2000–01

10

Debby Boone
"You Light Up My Life"
1977

Olivia Newton-John
"Physical"
1981–82

Santana featuring The Product G&B
"Maria Maria"
2000

Ashanti
"Foolish"
2002

Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland
"Dilemma"

Kanye West featuring Jamie Foxx
"Gold Digger"
2005

Beyoncé
"Irreplaceable"
2006–07

Flo Rida featuring T-Pain
"Low"
2008

Rihanna featuring Calvin Harris
"We Found Love"
2011–12

Pharrell Williams
"Happy"
2014

Adele
"Hello"
2015–16

Drake featuring Wizkid and Kyla
"One Dance"
2016

text: Pre-Hot 100 Notes:

text:
In 1956, Elvis Presley's "Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel" was number 1 on the "Best Sellers in Stores" and "Most Played in Jukeboxes" charts for 11 weeks.
In 1955, The McGuire Sisters' "Sincerely" was number 1 on the "Most Played by Jockeys" chart for 10 weeks.
In 1955, Pérez Prado's "Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White" was number 1 on the "Best Sellers in Stores" chart for 10 weeks.

text: Most weeks at number two (without hitting number one)

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist(s)
Song
Year(s)
Kept off of number-one by

10

Foreigner
"Waiting for a Girl Like You"
1981–82
"Physical" (Olivia Newton-John), "I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)" (Hall & Oates) [8]

Missy Elliott
"Work It"
2002–03
"Lose Yourself" (Eminem) [9]

9

Donna Lewis
"I Love You Always Forever"
1996
"Macarena (Bayside Boys Remix)" (Los del Río) [10]

Shania Twain
"You're Still the One"
1998
"Too Close" (Next),[11] "The Boy Is Mine" (Brandy and Monica) [9]

8

Shai
"If I Ever Fall in Love"
1992–93
"I Will Always Love You" (Whitney Houston)

Deborah Cox
"Nobody's Supposed to Be Here"
1998–99
"I'm Your Angel" (R. Kelly featuring Celine Dion), "Have You Ever?" (Brandy)

Brian McKnight
"Back at One"
1999–2000
"Smooth" (Santana featuring Rob Thomas) [9]

Mario Winans featuring Enya and P. Diddy
"I Don't Wanna Know"
2004
"Yeah!" (Usher featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris), "Burn" (Usher)

Ed Sheeran
"Thinking Out Loud"
2015
"Uptown Funk!" (Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars) [9]

text: Most total weeks in the top ten

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist(s)
Song
Year(s)

33

Ed Sheeran
"Shape of You"
2017

32

LeAnn Rimes
"How Do I Live"
1997–98

The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
"Closer"
2016–17

31

Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
"Uptown Funk"
2014–15

30

Santana featuring Rob Thomas
"Smooth"
1999–2000

29

LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock
"Party Rock Anthem"
2011–12

28

Jewel
"Foolish Games" / "You Were Meant for Me"
1997–98

Bruno Mars
"That's What I Like"
2017

26

Savage Garden
"Truly Madly Deeply"
1997–98

25

Chubby Checker
"The Twist"
1960, 1962

Toni Braxton
"Un-Break My Heart"
1996–97

Timbaland featuring OneRepublic
"Apologize"
2007–08

OneRepublic
"Counting Stars"
2013–14

Meghan Trainor
"All About That Bass"[13]
2014–15

Fetty Wap
"Trap Queen"
2015

Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber
"Despacito"
2017

text: Most total weeks on the Hot 100

text:
87 weeks – Imagine Dragons – "Radioactive" (2014)[16]
79 weeks – Awolnation – "Sail" (2014)[16]
76 weeks – Jason Mraz – "I'm Yours" (2009)[16]
69 weeks – LeAnn Rimes – "How Do I Live" (1998)[16]
68 weeks – LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock – "Party Rock Anthem" (2012),[16] OneRepublic – "Counting Stars" (2014)
65 weeks – Jewel – "Foolish Games" / "You Were Meant for Me" (1998), Adele – "Rolling in the Deep" (2012)[16]
64 weeks – Carrie Underwood – "Before He Cheats" (2007)[16]
62 weeks – Lifehouse – "You and Me" (2006), The Lumineers – "Ho Hey" (2013)[16]

text: The year displayed is the year the songs ended their respective chart runs.

text: Number-one debuts

text:
Michael Jackson – "You Are Not Alone" (September 2, 1995)[17]
Mariah Carey – "Fantasy" (September 30, 1995)[18]
Whitney Houston – "Exhale (Shoop Shoop)" (November 25, 1995)[19]
Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men – "One Sweet Day" (December 2, 1995)[20]
Puff Daddy and Faith Evans featuring 112 – "I'll Be Missing You" (June 14, 1997)[21]
Mariah Carey – "Honey" (September 13, 1997)[22]
Elton John – "Candle in the Wind 1997" / "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" (October 11, 1997)[23]
Celine Dion – "My Heart Will Go On" (February 28, 1998)[24]
Aerosmith – "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" (September 5, 1998)[25]
Lauryn Hill – "Doo Wop (That Thing)" (November 14, 1998)[26]
Clay Aiken – "This Is the Night" (June 28, 2003)
Fantasia Barrino – "I Believe" (July 10, 2004)
Carrie Underwood – "Inside Your Heaven" (July 2, 2005)[27]
Taylor Hicks – "Do I Make You Proud" (July 1, 2006)[28]
Britney Spears – "3" (October 24, 2009)[29]
Eminem – "Not Afraid" (May 22, 2010)[30]
Kesha – "We R Who We R" (November 13, 2010)[31]
Britney Spears – "Hold It Against Me" (January 29, 2011)[32]
Lady Gaga – "Born This Way" (February 26, 2011)[33]
Katy Perry – "Part of Me" (March 3, 2012)[34]
Baauer – "Harlem Shake" (March 2, 2013)[35]
Taylor Swift – "Shake It Off" (September 6, 2014)[36]
Justin Bieber – "What Do You Mean?" (September 19, 2015)[37]
Adele – "Hello" (November 14, 2015)[38]
Zayn Malik – "Pillowtalk" (February 20, 2016)[39]
Justin Timberlake – "Can't Stop the Feeling!" (May 28, 2016)[40]
Ed Sheeran – "Shape of You" (January 28, 2017)[41]
DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper and Lil Wayne – "I'm the One" (May 20, 2017)[42]
Drake – "God's Plan" (February 3, 2018)[43]

text: Since 2009, at least one song debuted at number one per year. In 1995, four songs debuted at number one (a record amount).

text: Biggest jump to number one

text:
97–1 – Kelly Clarkson – "My Life Would Suck Without You" (February 7, 2009)[45]
96–1 – Britney Spears – "Womanizer" (October 25, 2008)[46]
80–1 – T.I. featuring Rihanna – "Live Your Life" (October 18, 2008)[47]
78–1 – Eminem, Dr. Dre and 50 Cent – "Crack a Bottle" (February 21, 2009)[48]
77–1 – Taylor Swift – "Look What You Made Me Do" (September 16, 2017)[49]
72–1 – Taylor Swift – "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" (September 1, 2012)[50]
71–1 – T.I. – "Whatever You Like" (September 6, 2008)[51]
64–1 – Maroon 5 – "Makes Me Wonder" (May 12, 2007)
60–1 – Rihanna featuring Drake – "What's My Name?" (November 20, 2010)[52]
58–1 – Flo Rida – "Right Round" (February 28, 2009)[53]

text: Biggest single-week upward movements

text:
97–1 (96 positions) – Kelly Clarkson – "My Life Would Suck Without You" (February 7, 2009)[54]
96–1 (95 positions) – Britney Spears – "Womanizer" (October 25, 2008)[55]
94–3 (91 positions) – Beyoncé and Shakira – "Beautiful Liar" (April 7, 2007)[56]
95–7 (88 positions) – Akon featuring Eminem – "Smack That" (October 14, 2006)[57]
97–9 (88 positions) – Drake featuring Nicki Minaj – "Make Me Proud" (November 5, 2011)[58]
96–11 (85 positions) – Carrie Underwood – "Cowboy Casanova" (October 10, 2009)[59]
100–15 (85 positions) – A. R. Rahman and Pussycat Dolls featuring Nicole Scherzinger – "Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)" (March 14, 2009)[60]
85–2 (83 positions) – Katy Perry – "Roar" (August 31, 2013)[61]
86–4 (82 positions) – Vanessa Hudgens and Zac Efron – "Breaking Free" (February 11, 2006)[62]
93–12 (81 positions) – Matchbox Twenty – "How Far We've Come" (September 22, 2007)[63]
93–12 (81 positions) – Kygo and Selena Gomez – "It Ain't Me" (March 11, 2017)[64]
100–19 (81 positions) – Lorde – "Green Light" (March 25, 2017)[65]

text: Longest climbs to number one

text:
33rd week – Los del Río – "Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)" (1995–96)[67]
31st week – Lonestar – "Amazed" (1999–2000)
30th week – John Legend – "All of Me" (2013–14)[68]
27th week – Creed – "With Arms Wide Open" (2000)
26th week – Vertical Horizon – "Everything You Want" (2000)
25th week – UB40 – "Red Red Wine" (1988)
23rd week – Patti Austin and James Ingram – "Baby, Come to Me" (1983), Sia featuring Sean Paul – "Cheap Thrills" (2016), Camila Cabello featuring Young Thug – "Havana" (2017–18)
22nd week – Vangelis – "Chariots of Fire" (1982), Lady Gaga featuring Colby O'Donis – "Just Dance" (2008–09)
21st week – Nick Gilder – "Hot Child in the City" (1978), Robert John – "Sad Eyes" (1979), Outkast – "The Way You Move" (2003–04), Adele – "Set Fire to the Rain" (2011–12)

text: Biggest drop from number one

text:
1–15 – Billy Preston – "Nothing from Nothing" (October 26, 1974)
1–15 – Dionne Warwicke and The Spinners – "Then Came You" (November 2, 1974)
1–12 – Simon & Garfunkel – "The Sound of Silence" (January 29, 1966)
1–12 – Barry White – "Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" (September 28, 1974)
1–12 – Andy Kim – "Rock Me Gently" (October 5, 1974)
1–12 – Stevie Wonder – "You Haven't Done Nothin'" (November 9, 1974)
1–12 – Bachman–Turner Overdrive – "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" (November 16, 1974)
1–12 – John Lennon and Plastic Ono Band – "Whatever Gets You thru the Night" (November 23, 1974)
1–11 – Diana Ross – "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)" (January 31, 1976)
1–10 – Phil Collins – "Two Hearts" (February 4, 1989)

text: Biggest single-week downward movements

text:
17–96 (79 positions) – Javier Colon – "Stitch by Stitch" (July 23, 2011)[70]
21–99 (78 positions) – Jordan Smith – "Somebody to Love" (January 2, 2016)[71]
16–93 (77 positions) – 5 Seconds of Summer – "Amnesia" (July 26, 2014)[72]
17–92 (75 positions) – Justin Bieber – "Die in Your Arms" (June 23, 2012)[73]
23–96 (73 positions) – Colbie Caillat – "I Do" (March 5, 2011)[74]
21–94 (73 positions) – Justin Bieber – "Never Let You Go" (March 27, 2010)[75]
21–94 (73 positions) – Glee Cast – "Empire State of Mind" (October 16, 2010)[76]
16–89 (73 positions) – Jonas Brothers – "Pushin' Me Away" (August 9, 2008)[77]
13–86 (73 positions) – Justin Timberlake and Matt Morris featuring Charlie Sexton – "Hallelujah" (February 20, 2010)[78]
20–92 (72 positions) – The Beatles – "The Beatles Movie Medley" (June 5, 1982)[79]

text: Biggest drops off the Hot 100

text:
From #4 – Prince and The Revolution – "Purple Rain"† (May 21, 2016)
From #8 – Prince – "When Doves Cry"† (May 21, 2016)
From #9 – Soko – "We Might Be Dead by Tomorrow" (April 5, 2014)[81]
From #11 – Jonas Brothers – "A Little Bit Longer" (August 30, 2008),[81][82] Taylor Swift – "Mean" (November 13, 2010),[83] One Direction – "Diana" (December 14, 2013),[84] Mariah Carey – "All I Want for Christmas is You" (January 16, 2016)††[85]
From #12 – Taylor Swift – "You Belong with Me"* (November 29, 2008),[86] Lady Gaga – "Hair" (June 11, 2011),[87] One Direction – "Midnight Memories" (December 14, 2013)[84]

text: † – "Purple Rain" and "When Doves Cry" reappeared on the Hot 100 for two weeks in 2016, and the above reflects their re-entries only. When the songs originally charted in 1984, their chart positions in their final week on the Hot 100 were well below the top 10.

text: †† – A recurring holiday song charting during the Christmas season.

text: * – "You Belong with Me" later re-entered the Hot 100 as a single in 2009 to reach a peak of #2. The recurring song's final week on the Hot 100 was in 2010, when it was low as possible on the chart.

text: Number-one songs covered by different artists

text:
"Go Away Little Girl" – Steve Lawrence (1963) and Donny Osmond (1971)
"The Loco-Motion" – Little Eva (1962) and Grand Funk (1974)
"Please Mr. Postman" – The Marvelettes (1961) and The Carpenters (1975)
"Venus" – Shocking Blue (1970) and Bananarama (1986)
"Lean on Me" – Bill Withers (1972) and Club Nouveau (1987)
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" – The Supremes (1966) and Kim Wilde (1987)
"When a Man Loves a Woman" – Percy Sledge (1966) and Michael Bolton (1991)
"I'll Be There" – The Jackson 5 (1970) and Mariah Carey (1992)
"Lady Marmalade" – Labelle (1975) and Christina Aguilera / Lil' Kim / Mýa / Pink (2001)

text: Non-English language number-ones

text:
"Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu (Volare)" – Domenico Modugno (Italian – August 18, 1958 for five non-consecutive weeks)
"Sukiyaki" – Kyu Sakamoto (Japanese – June 15, 1963 for three weeks)
"Dominique" – The Singing Nun (French – December 7, 1963 for four weeks)
"Rock Me Amadeus" – Falco (English/German – March 29, 1986 for three weeks)
"La Bamba" – Los Lobos (Spanish – August 29, 1987 for three weeks)
"Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)" – Los del Río (English/Spanish – August 3, 1996 for fourteen weeks)
"Hips Don't Lie" – Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean (English/Spanish – June 17, 2006 for two weeks)[91][92]
"Despacito" – Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber (English/Spanish – May 27, 2017 for sixteen weeks)

text: Instrumental number-ones

text:
"The Happy Organ" – Dave "Baby" Cortez (May 11, 1959 for one week)
"Sleep Walk" – Santo & Johnny (September 21, 1959 for two weeks)
"Theme from A Summer Place" – Percy Faith (February 22, 1960 for nine weeks)
"Wonderland by Night" – Bert Kaempfert (January 9, 1961 for three weeks)
"Calcutta" – Lawrence Welk (February 13, 1961 for two weeks)
"Stranger on the Shore" – Mr. Acker Bilk (May 26, 1962 for one week)
"The Stripper" – David Rose (July 7, 1962 for one week)
"Telstar" – The Tornados (December 22, 1962 for three weeks)
"Love Is Blue" – Paul Mauriat (February 10, 1968 for five weeks)
"Grazing in the Grass" – Hugh Masekela (July 20, 1968 for two weeks)
"Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet" – Henry Mancini (July 28, 1969 for two weeks)
"Frankenstein" – The Edgar Winter Group (May 26, 1973 for one week)
"Love's Theme" – Love Unlimited Orchestra (February 9, 1974 for one week)
"TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)" – MFSB and The Three Degrees † (April 20, 1974 for two weeks)
"Pick Up the Pieces" – Average White Band † (February 22, 1975 for one week)
"The Hustle" – Van McCoy and the Soul City Symphony † (July 26, 1975 for one week)
"Fly, Robin, Fly" – Silver Convention † (November 29, 1975 for three weeks)
"Theme from S.W.A.T." – Rhythm Heritage (February 28, 1976 for one week)
"A Fifth of Beethoven" – Walter Murphy and the Big Apple Band (October 9, 1976 for one week)
"Gonna Fly Now" – Bill Conti † (July 2, 1977 for one week)
"Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band" – Meco (October 1, 1977 for two weeks)
"Rise" – Herb Alpert (October 20, 1979 for two weeks)
"Chariots of Fire" – Vangelis (May 8, 1982 for one week)
"Miami Vice Theme" – Jan Hammer (November 9, 1985 for one week)
"Harlem Shake" – Baauer † (March 2, 2013 for five weeks)

text: † – Contains vocal part, but is considered an instrumental. See Instrumental#Borderline cases for more.

text: Artist achievements

text: Most number-one singles

text:
Number of singles
Artist
Biggest number-one

20

The Beatles
"Hey Jude"[5]

18

Elvis Presley †
"Don't Be Cruel" / "Hound Dog"[93][94]

Mariah Carey
"We Belong Together"[5]

14

Rihanna
"We Found Love"[5]

13

Michael Jackson
"Say Say Say" (duet with Paul McCartney)[5]

12

The Supremes
"Love Child"[95]

Madonna
"Like a Virgin"[96]

11

Whitney Houston
"I Will Always Love You"[5]

10

Stevie Wonder
"Ebony and Ivory" (duet with Paul McCartney)[5]

Janet Jackson
"Miss You Much"[97]

text:
† Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100.
The biggest number-one listed by each artist reflects its overall performance on the Hot 100, as calculated by Billboard, and may not necessarily be the single which spent the most weeks at #1 for the artist, such as Madonna's "Like a Virgin" (six weeks at #1, compared to seven for "Take a Bow"), Mariah Carey's "We Belong Together" (fourteen weeks at #1, compared to sixteen for her duet with Boyz II Men, "One Sweet Day") and Michael Jackson's duet with Paul McCartney, "Say Say Say" (six weeks at #1, compared to seven for both his solo singles "Billie Jean" and "Black or White").
Billboard now credits the dual #1 Presley single "Don't Be Cruel"/"Hound Dog" as a single chart entity, and credits Presley with 17 number one singles.[98] "Don't Be Cruel"/"Hound Dog" spent 11 weeks at #1, "Hound Dog" for 6 weeks, "Don't Be Cruel" for 5 weeks. Many chart statisticians however, such as Joel Whitburn still lists Presley as having 18 number ones.

text: Source:[99][100] [101][102]

text: Most cumulative weeks at number one

text:
Weeks at
number one
Artist

79

Elvis Presley †

Mariah Carey

60

Rihanna

59

The Beatles

50

Boyz II Men

47

Usher

41

Beyoncé

37

Michael Jackson

34

Elton John

33

Janet Jackson

Katy Perry

text:
† Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100. Presley is sometimes credited with an "80th week" that occurred when "All Shook Up" spent a ninth week on top of the "Most Played in Jukeboxes" chart. Although Billboard's chart statistician Joel Whitburn still counts this 80th week based on preexisting research, Billboard magazine itself has since revised its methodology and officially credits Presley with 79 weeks.[98]
Much of Presley's total factors in pre-Hot 100 data. If counting from the August 1958 Hot 100 inception, Presley totaled 22 weeks at #1.

text: Most consecutive number-one singles

text:
Number of
singles
Artist
First hit and date
Final hit and date
Streak-breaking song

7

Whitney Houston
"Saving All My Love for You"
(October 26, 1985)
"Where Do Broken Hearts Go"
(April 23, 1988)
"Love Will Save the Day"
(#9 – August 27, 1988)

6

The Beatles
"I Feel Fine"
(December 26, 1964)
"We Can Work It Out"
(January 8, 1966)
"Nowhere Man"
(#3 – March 26, 1966)

Bee Gees
"How Deep Is Your Love"
(December 24, 1977)
"Love You Inside Out"
(June 9, 1979)
"He's A Liar"
(#30 – October 24, 1981)

5

Elvis Presley
"A Big Hunk o' Love"
(August 10, 1959)
"Surrender"
(March 20, 1961)
"I Feel So Bad"
(#5 – May 1961)

The Supremes
"Where Did Our Love Go"
(August 22, 1964)
"Back in My Arms Again"
(June 12, 1965)
"Nothing but Heartaches"
(#11 – September 4, 1965)

Michael Jackson
"I Just Can't Stop Loving You"
(with Siedah Garrett)
(September 19, 1987)
"Dirty Diana"
(July 2, 1988)
"Another Part of Me"
(#11 – September 10, 1988)

Mariah Carey
"Vision of Love"
(August 4, 1990)
"Emotions"
(October 12, 1991)
"Can't Let Go"
(#2 – January 25, 1992)

"Fantasy"
(September 30, 1995)
"My All"
(May 23, 1998)
"When You Believe" (with Whitney Houston)
(#15 – January 30, 1999)

Katy Perry
"California Gurls" (featuring Snoop Dogg)
(June 19, 2010)
"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"
(August 17, 2011)
"The One That Got Away"
(#3 – January 7, 2012)

text: Sources:[104][105][106][107][108][109][109][110]

text: Most consecutive weeks simultaneously topping the Hot 100 and Billboard 200

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist
Year(s)
charted
Singles
Albums

12

The Beatles

1964

"I Want to Hold Your Hand",
"She Loves You", "Can't Buy Me Love"
Meet the Beatles!,
The Beatles' Second Album

Whitney Houston

1992–93

"I Will Always Love You"
The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album

7

Michael Jackson

1983

"Billie Jean"
Thriller

Drake

2016

"One Dance" (featuring Wizkid and Kyla)
Views

The Monkees

1966–67

"I'm a Believer"
The Monkees, More of the Monkees

text: Most consecutive years charting a number-one single

text:
Number of
years
Artist
First number-one hit and week
Final number-one hit and final week

11

Mariah Carey
"Vision of Love"
(August 4, 1990)
"Thank God I Found You"
(February 19, 2000)

7

Elvis Presley †
"Heartbreak Hotel"
(March 17, 1956)
"Good Luck Charm"
(April 28, 1962)

The Beatles
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
(February 1, 1964)
"The Long and Winding Road"
(June 20, 1970)

6

The Supremes
"Where Did Our Love Go"
(August 22, 1964)
"Someday We'll Be Together"
(December 27, 1969)

Lionel Richie
"Endless Love"
(August 15, 1981)
"Say You, Say Me"
(January 11, 1986)

text: † Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100.

text: Most number-one singles in a calendar year

text:
Number of
singles
Artist
Year
charted
Singles

6

The Beatles

1964

"I Want to Hold Your Hand"

"She Loves You"

"Can't Buy Me Love"

"Love Me Do"

"A Hard Day's Night"

"I Feel Fine"

5

1965

"I Feel Fine"

"Eight Days a Week"

"Ticket to Ride"

"Help!"

"Yesterday"

4

Elvis Presley †

1956

"Heartbreak Hotel"

"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You"

"Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel"

"Love Me Tender"

1957

"Too Much"

"All Shook Up"

"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"

"Jailhouse Rock"

The Supremes

1965

"Come See About Me"

"Stop! In the Name of Love"

"Back in My Arms Again"

"I Hear a Symphony"

Jackson 5

1970

"I Want You Back"

"ABC"

"The Love You Save"

"I'll Be There"

George Michael

1988

"Faith"

"Father Figure"

"One More Try"

"Monkey"

Usher

2004

"Yeah!" (featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris)

"Burn"

"Confessions Part II"

"My Boo" (Duet with Alicia Keys)

Rihanna

2010

"Rude Boy"

"Love the Way You Lie" (Eminem featuring Rihanna)

"What's My Name?" (featuring Drake)

"Only Girl (In the World)"

text:
† Pre-Hot 100 charts.
Chart notes: If counting Presley's dual hit song "Don't Be Cruel/Hound Dog" separately then Elvis has 5 for 1956. Some Presley songs included here charted #1 on Cashbox, but not on the Billboard Top 100, the precursor to the Billboard Hot 100.

text: Most top 10 singles

text:
Number of
singles
Artist

38

Madonna

36

Elvis Presley †

34

The Beatles

31

Rihanna

29

Michael Jackson

28

Stevie Wonder

Mariah Carey

27

Elton John

Janet Jackson

23

The Rolling Stones

Whitney Houston

Paul McCartney

Drake

text: † Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100. Elvis Presley's total for the Hot 100 top 10 singles is 25.[118]

text: Source:[119][99][120][121][122][123][124]

text: Most consecutive weeks in the top 10

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist
Years
charted
Singles

69

Katy Perry

2010–11

"California Gurls" (featuring Snoop Dogg)

"Teenage Dream"

"Firework"

"E.T." (featuring Kanye West)

"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"

61

The Chainsmokers

2016–17

"Don't Let Me Down" (featuring Daya)

"Closer" (featuring Halsey)

"Paris"

"Something Just Like This" (with Coldplay)

51

Drake

2015–16

"Hotline Bling"

"Work" (Rihanna featuring Drake)

"Summer Sixteen"

"One Dance" (featuring Wizkid and Kyla)

48

Ace of Base

1993–94

"All That She Wants"

"The Sign"

"Don't Turn Around"

46

Rihanna

2010–11

"Love the Way You Lie" (Eminem featuring Rihanna)

"Only Girl (In the World)"

"What's My Name?" (featuring Drake)

"S&M"

text: Most top 40 singles

text:
80 – Elvis Presley†
71 – Lil Wayne
70 – Drake
57 – Elton John
55 – Taylor Swift
51 – Glee Cast
50 – The Beatles, Rihanna
49 – Madonna
48 – Jay-Z

text: Note: † If his career before the Hot 100 inception is included, Presley is credited with 114 Top 40 entries.[100]

text: Most Hot 100 entries

text:
207 – Glee Cast
161 – Drake
137 – Lil Wayne
108 – Elvis Presley
97 – Jay-Z
91 – James Brown
89 – Chris Brown
84 – Nicki Minaj
81 – Kanye West
76 – Taylor Swift

text: Notes:

text: Elvis Presley's career predated the inception of the Hot 100 by two years. He has charted 149 singles on Billboard if tracking his entire career.

text: Most consecutive weeks on Hot 100

text:
431 – Drake
326 – Lil Wayne
216 – Rihanna
207 – Nicki Minaj
161 – Chris Brown
159 – Jay-Z
152 – Nelly
141 – Kenny Chesney
139 – Destiny's Child
139 – Taylor Swift
139 – Katy Perry

text: Self-replacement at number one

text:
Elvis Presley – "Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel" → "Love Me Tender" (October 27, 1956) ("Best Sellers in Stores" and "Most Played by Jockeys" charts)
The Beatles † – "I Want to Hold Your Hand" → "She Loves You" (March 21, 1964); "She Loves You" → "Can't Buy Me Love" (April 4, 1964)
Boyz II Men – "I'll Make Love to You" → "On Bended Knee" (December 3, 1994)
Puff Daddy – "I'll Be Missing You" (Puff Daddy and Faith Evans featuring 112) → "Mo Money Mo Problems" (The Notorious B.I.G. featuring Puff Daddy and Mase) (August 30, 1997)
Ja Rule – "Always on Time" (Ja Rule featuring Ashanti) → "Ain't It Funny" (Jennifer Lopez featuring Ja Rule) (March 9, 2002)
Nelly – "Hot in Herre" → "Dilemma" (Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland) (August 17, 2002)
OutKast – "Hey Ya!" → "The Way You Move" (OutKast featuring Sleepy Brown) (February 14, 2004)
Usher – "Yeah!" (Usher featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris) → "Burn" (May 22, 2004); "Burn" → "Confessions Part II" (July 24, 2004)
T.I. – "Whatever You Like" → "Live Your Life" (T.I. featuring Rihanna) (October 18, 2008); "Whatever You Like" → "Live Your Life" (November 15, 2008)
The Black Eyed Peas – "Boom Boom Pow" → "I Gotta Feeling" (July 11, 2009)
Taylor Swift – "Shake It Off" → "Blank Space" (November 29, 2014)
The Weeknd – "Can't Feel My Face" → "The Hills" (October 3, 2015)
Justin Bieber – "Sorry" → "Love Yourself" (February 13, 2016); "I'm the One" (DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper and Lil Wayne) → "Despacito" (Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber) (May 27, 2017)

text: † The Beatles are the only act in history to have three consecutive, self-replacing #1s.

text: Simultaneously occupying the top two positions

text: Elvis Presley: October 20 – November 3, 1956 (Pre-Hot 100 charts)

text:
"Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel"
"Love Me Tender" ("Best Sellers in Stores" and "Most Played by Jockeys" charts)

tag: ol

text: The Beatles: From February 22, 1964 until April 25, 1964 the Beatles held the top two positions, with various singles. In some of the weeks, the band held the top three or top four slots, the only act in chart history to do so. On April 4, 1964, The Beatles occupied the entire top five.[137]

text:
"Can't Buy Me Love"
"Twist and Shout"
"She Loves You"
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
"Please Please Me"

text: Bee Gees: March 18 – April 15, 1978

text:
"Night Fever"
"Stayin' Alive"

text: Puff Daddy: August 9–30, 1997

text:
"I'll Be Missing You" (Puff Daddy and Faith Evans featuring 112)
"Mo Money Mo Problems" (The Notorious B.I.G. featuring Puff Daddy and Mase)

text: Ja Rule: March 9–23, 2002

text:
"Ain't It Funny" (Jennifer Lopez featuring Ja Rule)
"Always on Time" (Ja Rule featuring Ashanti)

text: Ashanti: April 20 – May 18, 2002

text:
"Foolish"
"What's Luv?" (Fat Joe featuring Ashanti)

text: Nelly: August 10–31, 2002

text:
"Hot in Herre"
"Dilemma" (Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland, songs switched positions on August 17, 2002)

text: OutKast: December 20, 2003 – February 7, 2004

text:
"Hey Ya!"
"The Way You Move" (OutKast featuring Sleepy Brown)

text: Usher: June 26 – July 3, 2004; July 17, 2004

text:
"Burn"
"Confessions Part II"

text: 50 Cent: April 16–30, 2005

text:
"Candy Shop" (50 Cent featuring Olivia)
"Hate It or Love It" (The Game featuring 50 Cent)

text: Mariah Carey: September 10, 2005

text:
"We Belong Together"
"Shake It Off"

text: Akon:

text: December 2, 2006

text:
"I Wanna Love You" (Akon featuring Snoop Dogg)
"Smack That" (Akon featuring Eminem)

text: April 14, 2007

text:
"Don't Matter"
"The Sweet Escape" (Gwen Stefani featuring Akon)

text: T.I.: October 18, 2008; November 1–29, 2008

text:
"Live Your Life" (T.I. featuring Rihanna)
"Whatever You Like" (songs switched positions several times)

text: Black Eyed Peas: June 27[138] – July 18, 2009[139]

text:
"Boom Boom Pow"
"I Gotta Feeling" (songs switched positions on July 11, 2009)

text: Pharrell Williams: June 29[140] – July 27, 2013

text:
"Blurred Lines" (Robin Thicke featuring T.I. and Pharrell)
"Get Lucky" (Daft Punk featuring Pharrell Williams)

text: Iggy Azalea: June 7[141] – July 5, 2014[142][143][144][145]

text:
"Fancy" (Iggy Azalea featuring Charli XCX)
"Problem" (Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea)

text: The Weeknd: September 26, 2015[146]

text:
"Can't Feel My Face"
"The Hills"

text: Justin Bieber:

text: February 6–13, 2016[121][147]

text:
"Sorry"
"Love Yourself" (songs switched positions on February 13, 2016)

text: July 1–22, 2017[148][149][150][151]

text:
"Despacito" (Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber)
"I'm the One" (DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper, and Lil Wayne)

text: Simultaneously three or more singles in the top 10

text:
The Beatles: February 29 – May 2, 1964 (Note: The Beatles had as many as five in the top ten April 4–11, 1964)

"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
"She Loves You"
"Please Please Me"
"Twist and Shout"
"Can't Buy Me Love"
"Do You Want to Know a Secret"

The Bee Gees: February 25 – March 4, 1978

"How Deep Is Your Love"
"Stayin' Alive"
"Night Fever"

Ashanti: March 30 – April 6, 2002

"Always On Time" (Ja Rule featuring Ashanti)
"What's Luv?" (Fat Joe featuring Ashanti)
"Foolish"

50 Cent:

May 31 – June 7, 2003

"In Da Club"
"21 Questions" (50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg)
"Magic Stick" (Lil' Kim featuring 50 Cent)

February 19 – April 30, 2005; May 14–21, 2005 (Note: 50 Cent had as many as four in the top ten April 2–9, 2005)

"Disco Inferno"
"How We Do" (The Game featuring 50 Cent)
"Candy Shop" (50 Cent featuring Olivia)
"Hate It or Love It" (The Game featuring 50 Cent)
"Just a Lil Bit"

Usher: June 5 – July 10, 2004

"Yeah!" (Usher featuring Lil Jon & Ludacris)
"Burn"
"Confessions Part II"

Akon: May 5, 2007 and May 19, 2007

"The Sweet Escape" (Gwen Stefani featuring Akon)
"Don't Matter"
"I Tried" (Bone Thugs-n-Harmony featuring Akon)

T-Pain: November 3 – December 29, 2007 (Note: All four titles below were in the top ten November 24 – December 8, 2007)

"Good Life" (Kanye West featuring T-Pain)
"Cyclone" (Baby Bash featuring T-Pain)
"Kiss Kiss" (Chris Brown featuring T-Pain)
"Low" (Flo Rida featuring T-Pain)

Chris Brown: April 5, 2008 and May 10, 2008 (Note: The first two titles below were in the top ten on both charts)

"With You"
"No Air" (Jordin Sparks & Chris Brown)
"Shawty Get Loose" (Lil Mama featuring Chris Brown & T-Pain)
"Forever"

Lil Wayne: September 27, 2008

"Got Money" (Lil Wayne featuring T-Pain)
"Can't Believe It" (T-Pain featuring Lil Wayne)
"Swagga Like Us" (Jay-Z & T.I. featuring Kanye West & Lil Wayne)

Adele: March 3, 2012

"Rolling in the Deep"
"Someone Like You"
"Set Fire to the Rain"

Iggy Azalea: August 30, 2014[152]

"Fancy" (Iggy Azalea featuring Charli XCX)
"Problem" (Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea)
"Black Widow" (Iggy Azalea featuring Rita Ora)

Ariana Grande: August 30, 2014

"Problem" (Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea)
"Bang Bang" (Jessie J, Ariana Grande & Nicki Minaj)
"Break Free" (Ariana Grande featuring Zedd)

Justin Bieber: December 5, 2015 – February 6, 2016[153]

"What Do You Mean?"
"Sorry"
"Love Yourself"

The Chainsmokers: March 18, 2017[154]

"Closer" (The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey)
"Paris"
"Something Just Like This" (The Chainsmokers and Coldplay)

Cardi B: January 6–27, 2018[155][156][157] (Note: The first two titles below were in the top ten January 6–27, 2018)

"No Limit" (G-Eazy featuring ASAP Rocky & Cardi B)
"MotorSport" (Migos, Nicki Minaj & Cardi B)
"Bodak Yellow (Money Moves)"
"Finesse" (Bruno Mars & Cardi B)

text: Posthumous number-ones

text:
Otis Redding (d. December 10, 1967) – "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" (March 16, 1968)
Janis Joplin (d. October 4, 1970) – "Me and Bobby McGee" (March 20, 1971)
Jim Croce (d. September 20, 1973) – "Time in a Bottle" (December 29, 1973)
John Lennon (d. December 8, 1980) – "(Just Like) Starting Over" (December 27, 1980)
The Notorious B.I.G. (d. March 9, 1997) – "Hypnotize" (May 3, 1997) and "Mo Money Mo Problems" (August 30, 1997)
Soulja Slim (d. November 26, 2003) – "Slow Motion" (Juvenile featuring Soulja Slim) (August 7, 2004)
Static Major (d. February 25, 2008) – "Lollipop" (Lil Wayne featuring Static Major) (May 3, 2008)

text: Age records

text:
Louis Armstrong (age 62 years, 279 days) is the oldest artist to top the Hot 100. He set that record with "Hello, Dolly!" on May 9, 1964.
Cher (age 52 years, 297 days) is the oldest female artist to top the Hot 100. She set the record with "Believe" on March 13, 1999.[159] The previous record holder was Grace Slick of Starship, who was 47 years, 156 days old when their hit "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" began its two-week reign on April 4, 1987.
Michael Jackson (age 11 years, 155 days) is the youngest artist to top the Hot 100. He achieved the record, as part of the Jackson 5, with "I Want You Back" on January 31, 1970.
Stevie Wonder (age 13 years, 89 days) is the youngest solo artist to top the Hot 100. He set the record with "Fingertips Pt. 2" on August 10, 1963.
Little Peggy March (age 15 years, 50 days) is the youngest female artist to top the Hot 100. The song which established this record for her was "I Will Follow Him", which reached #1 on April 27, 1963.
Fred Stobaugh (age 96 years, 23 days) is the oldest living artist to chart on the Hot 100. He was featured on the Green Shoe Studio song "Oh Sweet Lorriane", which ranked at #42 on September 14, 2013.[160] The previous record was held by Tony Bennett, who was 85 years, 59 days old when his song "Body and Soul", a duet with Amy Winehouse, ranked at #87 on October 1, 2011.
French-born Jordy Lemoine (age 5 years, 156 days) is the youngest artist to chart on the Hot 100. He established the record when his song "Dur dur d'être bébé! (It's Tough to Be a Baby)", where he is credited simply as Jordy, entered the chart on June 19, 1993.[161][162]
Asahd Khaled (age 132 days) is the youngest producer to chart on the Hot 100, as an executive producer for the album "Grateful" by DJ Khaled. The album's first single "Shining" featuring Jay-Z and Beyoncé entered the Hot 100 at #62 on March 4, 2017. He also became the youngest producer to earn a Hot 100 #1 (age 209 days) when the album's second single, "I'm The One" featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper, and Lil Wayne, debuted atop the chart dated May 20, 2017.[163][164]

text: Gap records

text:
The longest gap between #1 hits on the Hot 100 for an artist is 24 years, 355 days by Cher. Her single "Believe" hit #1 on March 13, 1999, her first time on top since "Dark Lady" on March 23, 1974.[159][165]
Cher also holds the record gap between first and most recent #1 on the Hot 100 over the longest period of time: 33 years, 232 days. The first of three weeks at #1 for "I Got You Babe" by Sonny & Cher was August 14, 1965. The last week at #1 for Cher's "Believe" was April 3, 1999.[165]
The record for the longest wait from an artist's Hot 100 debut entry to its first #1 belongs to Santana, with 30 years between the time he first cracked the Hot 100 with "Jingo" (October 25, 1969) and the first of 12 weeks at #1 with "Smooth," featuring Rob Thomas (October 23, 1999).[166]
When the Tony Bennett and Amy Winehouse duet "Body and Soul" debuted at #87 for the week of October 1, 2011,[167] Bennett became the artist with the longest overall span of singles on the Hot 100 – 53 years, 58 days on account of his single "Young and Warm and Wonderful" which appeared at #59 on the very first edition of the Hot 100, dated August 4, 1958.

text: Album achievements

text: Most number-one singles from one album

text:
Number of
Singles
Artist
Album
Year

5

Michael Jackson
Bad

1987

Katy Perry
Teenage Dream

2010

4

Various artists
Saturday Night Fever

1977

Whitney Houston
Whitney

1987

George Michael
Faith

Paula Abdul
Forever Your Girl

1988

Janet Jackson
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814

1989

Mariah Carey
Mariah Carey

1990

Usher
Confessions

2004

text:
Saturday Night Fever generated number-one singles for two different artists: "How Deep Is Your Love", "Stayin' Alive" and "Night Fever" by the Bee Gees; and "If I Can't Have You" by Yvonne Elliman.
Katy Perry's Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection was a reissue of the Teenage Dream album, and featured an additional single, "Part Of Me", which peaked at Number One on the Billboard Hot 100. This brings her actual total to six. However, this does not count since the single comes from a reissue of the album and not the original release.[169]

text: Most top ten singles from one album

text:
Number of
singles
Artist
Album
Year

7

Michael Jackson
Thriller

1982

Bruce Springsteen
Born in the U.S.A.

1984

Janet Jackson
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814

1989

6

Michael Jackson
Bad

1987

George Michael
Faith

Janet Jackson
Janet.

1993

Katy Perry
Teenage Dream

2010

5

Lionel Richie
Can't Slow Down

1983

Janet Jackson
Control

1986

Genesis
Invisible Touch

Madonna
True Blue

Huey Lewis and the News
Fore!

Whitney Houston
Whitney

1987

Paula Abdul
Forever Your Girl

1988

Bobby Brown
Don't Be Cruel

New Kids on the Block
Hangin' Tough

Bon Jovi
New Jersey

Milli Vanilli
Girl You Know It's True

1989

Various artists †
Waiting to Exhale

1995

Usher
Confessions

2004

Fergie
The Dutchess

2006

The Black Eyed Peas
The E.N.D.

2009

Taylor Swift
1989

2014

text: † Waiting to Exhale generated top ten singles for five different artists: "Exhale (Shoop Shoop)" and "Count on Me" by Whitney Houston (the latter with CeCe Winans), "Not Gon' Cry" by Mary J. Blige, "Sittin' Up in My Room" by Brandy, and "Let It Flow" by Toni Braxton.

text: Other album achievements

text:
Janet Jackson's Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 has the most top 5 singles, with 7.[171]
Janet Jackson has the most albums with five or more Top 10 hits. Those albums are Control, Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814, and janet.[172]
Drake's More Life places a record-breaking 22 entries to the Billboard Hot 100 at the same time, on the April 8, 2017 chart,[132] eclipsing his previous record of 18 from his album Views less than one year earlier, on May 21, 2016.[173]

text: NOTE: Numbers listed here are, per Billboard's rules,[174] over one release.

text: Producer achievements

text: Producers with the most number-one singles

text:
Number of
singles
Producer(s)
Best known producing for
Biggest number-one hit and date

23

George Martin
The Beatles
"Hey Jude"[175]
(September 28, 1968)

22

Max Martin
Britney Spears, Katy Perry,
Kelly Clarkson, Pink, Taylor Swift
"Dark Horse"[176]
(February 8, 2014)

16

Steve Sholes †
Elvis Presley
"Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel"
(August 18, 1956)

Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis
Janet Jackson
"Miss You Much"[97]
(October 7, 1989)

Dr. Luke
Katy Perry, Kelly Clarkson,
Kesha, Miley Cyrus
"Tik Tok"[177]
(January 2, 2010)

14

Barry Gibb
Bee Gees, Andy Gibb
"How Deep Is Your Love"[177]
(December 24, 1977)

Mariah Carey
Herself
"We Belong Together"[177]
(June 4, 2005)

text: † Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100

text: Songwriter achievements

text: Songwriters with the most number-one singles

text:
Number of
singles
Songwriter
Best known writing for
Biggest number-one hit and date

32

Paul McCartney
The Beatles
"Hey Jude"[175]
(September 28, 1968)

26

John Lennon

22

Max Martin
Katy Perry, Britney Spears,
Kelly Clarkson, Pink, Taylor Swift
"Dark Horse"[176]
(February 8, 2014)

17

Mariah Carey
Herself
"We Belong Together"[182]
(June 4, 2005)

16

Barry Gibb
Bee Gees, Andy Gibb
"How Deep Is Your Love"[183]
(December 24, 1977)

Dr. Luke
Katy Perry, Kesha, Miley Cyrus
"Tik Tok"
(January 2, 2010)

text:
Number of
singles
Songwriter(s)
Year
Number-one hits (in chronological order)

7

John Lennon
Paul McCartney
1964
The Beatles – "I Want to Hold Your Hand"†, "She Loves You"†, "Can't Buy Me Love"†, "Love Me Do"
Peter and Gordon – "A World Without Love"
The Beatles – "A Hard Day's Night", "I Feel Fine"†††

Barry Gibb ††
1978
Bee Gees – "How Deep Is Your Love", "Stayin' Alive"†
Andy Gibb – "(Love Is) Thicker Than Water"†
Bee Gees – "Night Fever"†
Yvonne Elliman – "If I Can't Have You"†
Andy Gibb – "Shadow Dancing"
Frankie Valli – "Grease"

5

Lamont Dozier
Brian Holland
Eddie Holland
1965
The Supremes – "Come See About Me", "Stop! In the Name of Love", "Back in My Arms Again"†
Four Tops – "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)"†
The Supremes – "I Hear a Symphony"

John Lennon †††
Paul McCartney †††
1965
The Beatles – "I Feel Fine", "Eight Days a Week", "Ticket to Ride", "Help!", "Yesterday" †††

Robin Gibb
Maurice Gibb
1978
Bee Gees – "How Deep Is Your Love", "Stayin' Alive", "Night Fever"†
Yvonne Elliman – "If I Can't Have You"†
Andy Gibb – "Shadow Dancing"

text:
† Chronologically sequential, replacing each other at #1
†† Holds all-time record of writing the most consecutively charted (self-replacing) #1 songs on the Hot 100, with 4.
††† Hold all-time record of writing the most consecutive #1 A-side singles, with 6. Record includes these five 1965 A-sides and "We Can Work It Out", which hit #1 in January 1966.

text: Selected additional Hot 100 achievements

text:
The first #1 song on the Hot 100 was "Poor Little Fool" by Ricky Nelson (August 4, 1958).
The #1 song in the first week Billboard incorporated sales and airplay data from Nielsen SoundScan and Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems was "Set Adrift on Memory Bliss" by P.M. Dawn (November 30, 1991).
The #1 song in the first week Billboard allowed songs without a commercial single release to chart on the Hot 100 was "I'm Your Angel" by R. Kelly and Céline Dion (December 5, 1998). Though the song was making its first appearance on the Hot 100 that week, Billboard did not consider it a debut at #1, since it appeared on unpublished test charts prior to the allowance of airplay-only songs on the main chart.[187] "I'm Your Angel" also entered the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart that week at #1,[188] so it would have been ineligible to chart on the Hot 100 before then.
The first "airplay-only" song to reach #1 (no points from a commercial single release) was "Try Again" by Aaliyah (June 17, 2000).
Drake holds the record for the most entries in the Hot 100 during a one-week period, with 24 on the April 8, 2017 chart.[132] The Beatles had long held this record, occupying 14 positions on the Hot 100 dated April 11, 1964, a feat unmatched for nearly 51 years. On March 7, 2015, Drake tied the Beatles mark,[189] and he equaled it again on October 17 that year.[190] Justin Bieber then reset the record to 17 on December 5, 2015,[191] before Drake reclaimed the record with 20 on May 21, 2016.[190]
Drake also holds the record for the most debuting entries on a Hot 100 chart by any artist, with 21 on April 8, 2017.[132]
Beyoncé is the record-holder among female artists for the most simultaneous entries in the Hot 100, with 12 on the May 14, 2016 chart.[192]
The Beatles are the only artists to simultaneously hold the top 2 spots on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and Billboard 200 albums chart. They achieved this feat for nine consecutive weeks, from February 29, 1964, to April 25, 1964. For the first five weeks of that run, through March 28, 1964, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" and "She Loves You" were the #1 and #2 singles (which swapped positions during March 1964), while Meet the Beatles! and Introducing... The Beatles held the top 2 spots on the albums charts. For the remaining weeks of the run, "Can't Buy Me Love" and their cover of "Twist and Shout" were the #1 and #2 singles, while Meet the Beatles! and Introducing... The Beatles continued their reign as the top 2 albums.[193][194]
Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, John Lennon, and Paul McCartney hold the record of writing all of the Top 3 singles for one week. The Gibbs co-wrote the top 3 singles for the week of March 18, 1978 – #1 "Night Fever" and #2 "Stayin' Alive" for the Bee Gees, and #3 "Emotion" for Samantha Sang. Lennon and McCartney co-wrote the top 3 singles for the week of March 14, 1964 – #1 "I Want to Hold Your Hand", #2 "She Loves You", and #3 "Please Please Me", all for The Beatles. They continued this record the following week of March 21, 1964, when "She Loves You" switched places with "I Want to Hold Your Hand".
The Black Eyed Peas hold the record for the longest uninterrupted time at #1 on the Hot 100, a total of 26 consecutive weeks from April to October 2009. "Boom Boom Pow" spent the first 12 weeks on top, with "I Gotta Feeling" taking over for the remaining 14 weeks.[195] Prior to August 2009, Usher held this record, spending 19 consecutive weeks on top of the chart in 2004 with "Yeah!" (12 weeks at #1) and "Burn" (first 7 of its 8 total weeks at #1).[196]
Taylor Swift holds the all-time record for most top ten debuts on the Hot 100, with 14.[197]
On December 4, 2010, Rihanna's "Only Girl (In the World)" reached the top spot two weeks after "What's My Name?", becoming the first time in Hot 100 history that an album's debut single hit #1 after the second single did.[198]
Ed Sheeran became the first artist to debut more than one song in the top 10 for the same week. On the chart dated January 28, 2017, "Shape of You" debuted at #1, while "Castle on the Hill" entered at #6.[199] Drake is the only other artist to have achieved this feat, doing so on April 8, 2017.[132]
Drake holds the record for being on the Hot 100 for the most consecutive weeks. He placed at least one song, either in a lead or featured role, on every chart from his debut on May 23, 2009, to August 19, 2017, for a total of 431 weeks in a row.[200]