document_title: List of best-selling girl groups

question_text: who is the highest selling girl group of all time

question_tokens: who is the highest selling girl group of all time

text: List of best-selling girl groups

text: Best-selling girl groups worldwide[edit]

text: Some of this section's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Groups with claimed total record sales of more than 20 million.

text:
Artist
Nationality
Number of members
Period active
Genre
Studio albums
Claimed sales

Spice Girls
United Kingdom
5 → 4 → 5
1994–2000, 2007–2008 (8 years)
Pop
3
85 million[1][2]

The Andrews Sisters
United States
3
1925–1952, 1954–1967 (38 years)

Traditional pop
Swing music

12
75 million[3]

TLC
United States
3 → 2
1991–present (26 years)

R&B
Hip-hop

5
70 million[4]

Destiny's Child
United States
4 → 3
1997–2006 (9 years)
R&B
5
60 million[5]

Pussycat Dolls
United States
6 → 5
2003–2010 (7 years)

Pop
R&B

2
54 million[6]

AKB48
Japan
Rotational
2005–present (12 years)
J-pop
8
51.3 million[7]

Bananarama
United Kingdom
3 → 2 → 3
1979–present (38 years)
Pop
10
40 million[8][9]

The Pointer Sisters
United States
2 → 3 → 4 → 3 → 4
1969–present (48 years)

R&B
Soul
Pop

16
40 million[10]

Little Mix
United Kingdom
4
2011–present (6 years)

Pop
R&B

4
39 million[11]

t.A.T.u.
Russia
2
2000–2014 (14 years)
Pop
3
25 million[12]

The Supremes
United States
3
1959–1977 (18 years)
Pop
29
20+ million[13][14]

text: Notes:

text: Accurate total sales of the Supremes records are unknown – estimates range from 20 million records up to 100 million records.[15]

text: Best-selling girl group singles[edit]

text: Worldwide[edit]

text: It is extremely difficult to obtain worldwide sales figures for singles due to the lack of verifiable sales reporting in many countries. The best-selling single of all time by a female group is thought to be the 1996 hit "Wannabe" by British group Spice Girls, with estimated sales of 8 million copies worldwide.[16]

text: Other best-selling singles worldwide by girl groups include "The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)" by Las Ketchup (7 million[17]), and "Don't Cha" by the Pussycat Dolls (6 million).[18]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Singles certified platinum or more by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). Only includes certifications since 1989, when ARIA took over compiling the Australian charts. From November 2014 onwards paid-for audio streams were included in the Australian singles chart and counted towards sales and certifications.

text: Certifications based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2012
"I Love It"[19]
Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX
5× Platinum

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"[20]
Las Ketchup
3× Platinum

2012
"Wings"[19]
Little Mix

1996
"Wannabe"[21]
Spice Girls
2× Platinum

1997
"Never Ever"[22]
All Saints

2000
"Say My Name"[23]
Destiny's Child

"Poison"[23]
Bardot

"Independent Women"[24]
Destiny's Child

2001
"Whole Again"[24]
Atomic Kitten

2005
"Don't Cha"[25]
The Pussycat Dolls

2013
"Change Your Life"[19]
Little Mix

text: Certifications based on sales + on-demand digital streaming

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2016
"Work from Home"[26]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
6× Platinum

2014
"Ugly Heart"[27]
G.R.L.
4× Platinum

2014
"You Ruin Me"[27]
The Veronicas
3× Platinum

2017
"Shout Out to My Ex"[26]
Little Mix

2015
"Worth It"[28]
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink
2× Platinum

"Black Magic"[28]
Little Mix

2016
"Secret Love Song"[28]
Little Mix featuring Jason Derulo

"Hair"[29]
Little Mix featuring Sean Paul

2017
"Touch"[26]
Little Mix

2014
"If You Love Someone"[30]
The Veronicas
Platinum

2016
"In My Blood"[28]
The Veronicas

text: France[edit]

text: The biggest-selling single in France by a girl group is believed to be "The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)" by Spanish girl group Las Ketchup, with estimated sales of 1,750,000.[31]

text: Singles certified diamond (750,000 sales) based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group

1996
"Wannabe"[32]
Spice Girls

2001
"Toutes les femmes de ta vie"[33]
L5

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"[34]
Las Ketchup

text: Singles certified gold (250,000 sales) based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group

1996
"Say You'll Be There"[32]
Spice Girls

"2 Become 1"[32]

1997
"I Wanna Be the Only One"[35]
Eternal featuring BeBe Winans

"Who Do You Think You Are"[32]
Spice Girls

"Spice Up Your Life"[32]

"Too Much"[32]

1998
"Stop"[32]

"Viva Forever"[32]

1999
"No Scrubs"[36]
TLC

2000
"Pure Shores"[37]
All Saints

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[38]
Sales + streaming
(Based on certifications)

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
Diamond
250,000

text: Germany[edit]

text: Certifications based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[39]
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"
Las Ketchup
2× Platinum
1,000,000

2001
"Whole Again"
Atomic Kitten
Platinum
500,000

"Daylight in Your Eyes"
No Angels

2006
"Shame"
Monrose
3× Gold
450,000

1977
"Yes Sir, I Can Boogie"
Baccara
Gold
250,000

1996
"Waterfalls"
TLC

"Wannabe"
Spice Girls

1997
"Who Do You Think You Are"/"Mama"
Spice Girls

1998
"Viva Forever"

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[39]
Sales + streaming
(Based on certifications)

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
Platinum
400,000

text:
Note: Certification levels in Germany have changed several times over the years – the certification level for a gold single was 250,000 until the end of 2002, 150,000 between 2003 and mid-2014, and 200,000 from mid-2014 onwards. These different levels are reflected in the table above.
From January 2014 onwards, paid-for audio streams were included in the German singles chart and counted towards sales and certifications.[40]

text: Japan[edit]

text: The ten biggest-selling girl group singles in Japan based on total sales:

text:
Released
Single
Group
Detailed Sales
Total Sales

Physical
Downloads
Ringtones

2010
"Heavy Rotation"
AKB48
880,761[41]
1,500,000[42]
750,000[43]
3,130,761

2011
"Flying Get"
AKB48
1,625,849[44]
1,000,000[45]

2,625,849

2011
"Everyday, Katyusha"
AKB48
1,608,299[46]
1,000,000[45]

2,608,299

2009
"Mister"
KARA
144,856[41]
1,250,000[47][48]
1,000,000[49]
2,394,856

2013
"Koi Suru Fortune Cookie"
AKB48
1,533,955[50]
750,000[51]

2,283,955

2012
"Manatsu no Sounds Good"
AKB48
1,822,220[52]
250,000[45]

2,072,220

2013
"Sayonara Crawl"
AKB48
1,955,800[53]
100,000[45]

2,055,800

2010
"Beginner"
AKB48
1,039,352[54]
1,000,000[45]

2,039,352

2011
"Kaze wa Fuiteiru"
AKB48
1,457,113[55]
500,000[45]

1,957,113

2010
"Gee"
Girls' Generation
206,346[56]
1,250,000[45][57]
500,000[42]
1,956,346

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: Singles certified platinum or more by Recorded Music NZ. Since November 2014 certifications for singles have included streaming, and therefore cannot be compared to certifications from before this date.

text: Certifications based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2001
"Whole Again"[58]
Atomic Kitten
2× Platinum

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"[59]
Las Ketchup

1995
"Waterfalls"[60]
TLC
Platinum

1996
"Wannabe"[61]
Spice Girls

"Say You'll Be There"[62]

1997
"I Wanna Be the Only One"[63]
Eternal featuring BeBe Winans

"Spice Up Your Life"[64]
Spice Girls

1998
"Viva Forever"[65]

"Rollercoaster"[66]
B*witched

"Goodbye"[66]
Spice Girls

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2016
"Work from Home"[67]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
2× Platinum

2016
"Secret Love Song"[68]
Little Mix featuring Jason Derulo
Platinum

text: South Korea[edit]

text: The ten biggest-selling girl group singles in South Korea based on total sales:

text:
Released
Single
Group
Sales

2011
"Roly-Poly"
T-ara
4,826,000+[69]

2009
"I Don't Care"
2NE1
4,500,000[70]

2011
"Be My Baby"
Wonder Girls
4,168,000+[71]

2011
"So Cool"
SISTAR
4,007,555+[72]

2009
"Because of You"
After School
4,000,000+ [73]

2011
"Don't Say Goodbye"
Davichi
3,928,000[74]

2012
"Lovey-Dovey"
T-ara
3,759,000[75]

2011
"Cry Cry"
T-ara
3,756,000[76]

2011
"I Am the Best"
2NE1
3,700,000[77][78]

2011
"The Boys"
Girls' Generation
3,623,000[79]

text: Sweden[edit]

text: There were few certifications awarded in Sweden before 1996, so singles before this date are not represented in this list. There have been three different certification levels since 1996: from 1996 to June 2003 the gold/platinum levels for singles were 15,000/30,000, from July 2003 to September 2010 the levels were 10,000/20,000, and from October 2010 onwards, when streaming was included in the certification levels, the levels have been 20,000/40,000. The tables below reflect these changes in certification levels.

text: Certifications based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[80]
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"[81]
Las Ketchup
4× Platinum
120,000

1998
"Spice Up Your Life"[82]
Spice Girls
Platinum
30,000

1999
"Unpretty"[83]
TLC

2001
"Need to Know (Eenie Meenie Miny Moe)"[84]
Excellence

2002
"All the Things She Said"[85]
t.A.T.u.

"Never Let It Go"[85]
Afro-dite

2005
"Push the Button"[86]
Sugababes
20,000

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[80]
Sales + streaming
(Based on certifications)

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
4× Platinum
160,000

2015
'Emergency"
Icona Pop
2× Platinum
80,000

2012
"I Love It"
Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX
Platinum
40,000

2014
"Sledgehammer"
Fifth Harmony

2015
"Worth It"
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink

text: Switzerland[edit]

text:
Released
Single
Group
Sales

2002
"All The Things She Said"
t.A.T.u [87]
40,000

1996
"Wannabe"
Spice Girls [88]
25,000

1998
"Viva Forever"
Spice Girls [88]
25,000

2001
"Never Ever"
All Saints [89]
25,000

2001
"Whole Again"
Atomic Kitten [90]
20,000

2004
"Lose My Breath"
Destiny's Child [91]
20,000

2005
"Don't Cha"
Pussycat Dolls [92]
20,000

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: Since July 2014, certifications have included paid-for audio streams so they cannot be compared to sales-only certifications before this date. The ten biggest-selling girl group singles in the United Kingdom:

text: Physical and digital sales only (before July 2014)

text:
Released
Single
Group
Sales

1996
"Wannabe"
Spice Girls
1,385,211[93]

1997
"Never Ever"
All Saints
1,363,504[93]

1996
"2 Become 1"
Spice Girls
1,140,000[94]

2001
"Whole Again"
Atomic Kitten
1,021,465[93]

1996
"Say You'll Be There"
Spice Girls
961,000[95]

1998
"C'est la Vie"
B*Witched
925,000[96]

1998
"Goodbye"
Spice Girls
884,000[97]

1997
"Spice Up Your Life"
850,434[citation needed]

2000
"Pure Shores"
All Saints
815,000[98]

1997
"Mama"/"Who Do You Think You Are"
Spice Girls
732,000[99]

text: Physical and digital sales + on-demand digital streaming (after July 2014)

text:
Released
Single
Group
Units

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
1,209,902[93]

2015
"Black Magic"
Little Mix
1,114,114[93]

2016
"Shout Out to My Ex"
1,070,835[93]

2012
"Wings"
600,000[100]

2016
"Secret Love Song"
Little Mix featuring Jason Derulo

2017
"Touch"
Little Mix

text: United States[edit]

text: Sales figures of records in the US were not tracked accurately until May 1991, when Nielsen SoundScan started recording sales of singles and albums electronically at point of sale, rather than relying on figures provided to them by record store staff.[101] As a result there are no reliable sales figures available before this date, and therefore it is not possible to rank the best-selling singles by girl groups in the US in sales order.

text: Since 2013 certifications have included legal on-demand digital streams – separate figures for the pure sales component of singles released after 2013 are not available so they cannot be compared to sales-only certifications before this date.

text: Certifications based on sales only

text: RIAA sales certifications began in the US in 1958 – there are very few records with certifications before this date. Until 1988 a million-seller received a gold certification (and a two million-seller received a platinum certification). From 1989 onwards the levels were revised so that a million-seller received a platinum certification instead, with multi-platinum awards for multiple million sales.[102][103] However, these pre- and post-1989 certification levels are not currently reflected in the RIAA database.

text: The following singles have been certified by RIAA as selling one million copies or more in the US.

text:
Released
Single
Group
Sales (where known)

1961
"Please Mr. Postman"[104]
The Marvelettes

1964
"Dancing in the Street"[105][106]
Martha and the Vandellas

"Baby Love"[107][108]
The Supremes

1965
"Stop! In the Name of Love"[107][108]

"Don't Mess with Bill"[104]
The Marvelettes

1969
"Someday We'll Be Together"[108][109]
Diana Ross and the Supremes

1974
"When Will I See You Again"[110][111]
The Three Degrees
2,000,000[112]

1975
"Lady Marmalade"[113][114]
Labelle

"Fly, Robin, Fly"[115][116]
Silver Convention

1976
"Get Up and Boogie"[115][116]

1977
"Best of My Love"[117][118]
The Emotions
1,800,000[119]

"Angel in Your Arms"[120]
Hot

1979
"You Gonna Make Me Love Somebody Else"[121]
The Jones Girls

"We Are Family"[122][123]
Sister Sledge

"Fire"[124][125]
The Pointer Sisters

1980
"Sukiyaki"[126]
A Taste of Honey

"He's So Shy"[124]
The Pointer Sisters

1981
"Slow Hand"[124][125]

1982
"We Got the Beat"[127]
The Go-Go's

1986
"Walk Like an Egyptian"[128][129]
The Bangles

1987
"Push It"[130][131]
Salt-n-Pepa

1989
"Expression"[130][131]

1990
"Hold On"[118][132]
En Vogue

1992
"Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg"[133][134]
TLC

"Baby-Baby-Baby"[133][134]

1993
"Weak"[135][136]
SWV

"Just Kickin' It"[137][138]
Xscape

"Whatta Man"[130][131]
Salt-n-Pepa with En Vogue

1994
"Stroke You Up"[139][140]
Changing Faces

1995
"Creep"[133][134]
TLC
1,400,000[141][142]

"Waterfalls"[133][134]
1,200,000[142]

1996
"Wannabe"[143][144]
Spice Girls
2,910,000[145]

1997
"Don't Let Go (Love)"[118][132]
En Vogue
1,300,000[146][147]

"G.H.E.T.T.O.U.T."[139][148]
Changing Faces
1,200,000[147]

1998
"No, No, No"[149][150]
Destiny's Child
1,300,000[151]

"Lately"[152][153]
Divine
1,100,000[151]

2004
"Soldier"[149]
Destiny's Child

2005
"Don't Cha"[154]
The Pussycat Dolls featuring Busta Rhymes

"Stickwitu"[154]
The Pussycat Dolls

2006
"Buttons"[154]
The Pussycat Dolls featuring Snoop Dogg

"Cater 2 U"[149]
Destiny's Child

2008
"Damaged"[155]
Danity Kane

"I Hate This Part"[154]
The Pussycat Dolls

text: In addition, the following singles have been stated as selling one million copies or more in the US – however, they have not been certified by the RIAA.

text:
Released
Single
Group

1954
"Mr. Sandman"[156]
The Chordettes

1958
"Lollipop"[156]

1961
"Will You Love Me Tomorrow"[157]
The Shirelles

1962
"Soldier Boy"[157]

"He's a Rebel"[158]
The Crystals

1963
"He's So Fine"[159]
The Chiffons

"Da Doo Ron Ron"[158]
The Crystals

"My Boyfriend's Back"[160]
The Angels

"Be My Baby"[161]
The Ronettes

1964
"Chapel of Love"[153]
The Dixie Cups

"Where Did Our Love Go"[107]
The Supremes

"Come See About Me"[107]

"Leader of the Pack"[162]
The Shangri-Las

1965
"Back in My Arms Again"[107]
The Supremes

"I Hear a Symphony"[107]

"A Lover's Concerto"[163]
The Toys

1966
"You Can't Hurry Love"[107]
The Supremes

"You Keep Me Hangin' On"[107]

1967
"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone"[107]

"The Happening"[107]

"Reflections"[109]
Diana Ross and the Supremes

1968
"Love Child"[109]

1971
"Stoned Love"[109]
The Supremes

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2012
"I Love It"
Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX
4× Platinum[164]

2014
"Boss"
Fifth Harmony
Platinum[165]

"Sledgehammer"

2015
"Worth It"
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink
3× Platinum[165]

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
5× Platinum[165]

"All in My Head (Flex)"
Fifth Harmony featuring Fetty Wap
Platinum[165]

text: Best-selling girl group albums[edit]

text: Worldwide[edit]

text: The ten biggest-selling girl group albums worldwide:

text:
Released
Album
Artist
Sales

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
31 million[166][167]

1994
CrazySexyCool
TLC
23 million[168]

1997
Spiceworld
Spice Girls
20 million[169]

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child
15 million[170]

1999
FanMail
TLC
14 million[168]

2001
Survivor
Destiny's Child
12 million[170]

1990
Wilson Phillips
Wilson Phillips
11 million[171]

2005
PCD
Pussycat Dolls
9 million[172]

1993
Very Necessary
Salt-n-Pepa
7 million [173]

2004
Destiny Fulfilled
Destiny's Child
7 million[citation needed]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Albums certified platinum or more by ARIA.[174] Only includes certifications since 1997.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
6× Platinum

1997
Spiceworld

2005
The Secret Life of...
The Veronicas
4× Platinum

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child
3× Platinum

2005
PCD
The Pussycat Dolls

1998
B*Witched
B*Witched
2× Platinum

All Saints
All Saints

2000
Bardot
Bardot

2006
Young Divas
Young Divas

2007
Hook Me Up
The Veronicas

text: Brazil[edit]

text: Certifications according to ABPD.[175] Some of the certification thresholds have changed depending on the amount of sales sold. Check the ABPD for more certifications.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

2002
Rouge
Rouge
2× Platinum
2,000,000

2003
C'est La Vie
Platinum
900,000

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
2× Platinum
500,000

1997
Spiceworld
Platinum
250,000

2004
Blá Blá Blá
Rouge
Gold
135,000

2015
Reflection
Fifth Harmony
3× Platinum
120,000

2016
7/27[176]

2000
Forever
Spice Girls
Gold
100,000

2001
Survivor
Destiny's Child
50,000

2006
Live from London
The Pussycat Dolls
25,000

text: Canada[edit]

text: Certifications according to Music Canada.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification

1996
Spice[177]
Spice Girls
Diamond

1997
Spiceworld[177]

1994
CrazySexyCool[178]
TLC
8× Platinum

1990
Wilson Phillips[179]
Wilson Phillips
7× Platinum

1999
The Writing's on the Wall[180]
Destiny's Child
5× Platinum

1983
Break Out[181]
Pointer Sisters
4× Platinum

1993
Very Necessary[182]
Salt-n-Pepa

1999
FanMail[178]
TLC

2001
Survivor[180]
Destiny's Child

1997
All Saints[183]
All Saints
3× Platinum

text: Europe[edit]

text: Albums certified platinum or more for more than one million sales in Europe, according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.

text: Note: the IFPI Europe Platinum Award was only created in 1996, therefore there are few albums on this list from before that date. No awards are publicly available after 2014.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

1996
Spice[184]
Spice Girls
8× Platinum
8,000,000

1997
Spiceworld[185]
5× Platinum
5,000,000

All Saints[185]
All Saints
2× Platinum
2,000,000

1999
The Writing's on the Wall[186]
Destiny's Child

2001
Survivor[186]

2005
PCD[187]
The Pussycat Dolls

1994
CrazySexyCool[188]
TLC
Platinum
1,000,000

1996
Tic Tac Toe[184]
Tic Tac Toe

1997
Klappe die 2te[184]

Greatest Hits[185]
Eternal

2001
200 Po Vstrechnoy[189]
t.A.T.u.

2002
200 km/h in the Wrong Lane[190]

text: Germany[edit]

text: Certifications according to the IFPI.[191]

text:
Released
Album
Artist
Certification
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

2001
Elle'ments
No Angels
7× Gold
1,050,000

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
3× Gold
750,000

2002
Now ... Us!
No Angels
2× Platinum
600,000

1997
Spiceworld
Spice Girls
Platinum
500,000

2006
Temptation
Monrose
2× Platinum
400,000

2004
Destiny Fulfilled
Destiny's Child
Platinum
200,000

2001
Survivor
Platinum
300,000

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Gold
250,000

2005
PCD
Pussycat Dolls
Platinum
200,000

2001
Right Now
Atomic Kitten
Gold
150,000

text: Japan[edit]

text: Sales according to Oricon and Platinum certifications according to the RIAJ. The ten biggest-selling girl group albums in Japan:

text:
Released
Album
Group
Sales
Certification

1998
Moment
Speed
2,319,000[192]
Million[193]

2001
Best! Morning Musume 1
Morning Musume
2,260,000[192]
Million[194]

1998
Rise
Speed
2,048,000[192]
Million[193]

2002
200 km/h in the Wrong Lane
t.A.T.u.
2,000,000[195]
Million[193]

1997
Starting Over
Speed
1,926,000[192]
Million[196]

2012
1830m
AKB48
1,051,000[197]
Million[198]

2014
Tsugi no Ashiato
1,001,000[199]
Million[200]

2011
Girls' Generation
Girls' Generation
871,497[201][202]
Million[198]

2000
3rd: Love Paradise
Morning Musume
863,300[203]
Million[204]

2011
Koko ni Ita Koto
AKB48
829,645[201]
Million[205]

text: Netherlands[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Certifications according to the NVPI.[206]

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
3× Platinum
300,000

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child
2× Platinum
200,000

2009
MaMaSé!
K3
4× Platinum
200,000

2001
Survivor
Destiny's Child
2× Platinum
160,000

1978
With Luv'
Luv'
Platinum
100,000

1979
Lots Of Luv'

1978
Energy
Pointer Sisters

1997
Spiceworld
Spice Girls

1999
FanMail
TLC

1979
True Luv'
Luv'
Gold
50,000

text: South Korea[edit]

text: Sales according to Gaon Chart and the Recording Industry Association of Korea. The ten biggest-selling girl group albums in South Korea:

text:
Released
Album
Group
Sales

1968
My Dear
The Pearl Sisters
1,000,000+[207]

1999
Love
S.E.S.
760,475[208]

1998
Sea & Eugene & Shoo
S.E.S.
651,330[209]

1997
I'm Your Girl
S.E.S.
650,000[210]

2000
A Letter from Greenland
S.E.S.
626,565+[211]

1999
White
Fin.K.L
593,816[212]

2011
The Boys
Girls' Generation
464,513[213]

2002
Special Album
Baby V.O.X.
440,000[citation needed]

2000
Now
Fin.K.L
435,518[214]

2010
Oh!
Girls' Generation
418,162[215]

text: Switzerland[edit]

text: Certifications according to the IFPI.[216]

text:
Album
Group
Sales
(Based on
certifications)
Certification
Year

Spice
Spice Girls
100,000
2× Platinum
1996

Spiceworld
1997

Forever
50,000
Platinum
2000

All Saints
All Saints
1997

Elle'ments
No Angels
40,000
2001

Survivor
Destiny's Child

Temptation
Monrose
30,000
2006

The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child
25,000
Gold
1999

FanMail
TLC

Now ... Us!
No Angels
20,000
2002

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: Albums certified triple platinum or more by the BPI.[100]

text:
Released
Album
Artist
Certification

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
10× Platinum

1997
Spiceworld
5× Platinum

All Saints
All Saints

1993
Always & Forever
Eternal
4× Platinum

2005
PCD
Pussycat Dolls

2006
The Sound of Girls Aloud: The Greatest Hits
Girls Aloud

1997
Greatest Hits
Eternal
3× Platinum

1988
Greatest Hits Collection
Bananarama

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child

2001
Survivor

2001
Angels With Dirty Faces
Sugababes

text: United States[edit]

text: Albums certified platinum or more by the RIAA. The sales figures shown for the quadruple and triple platinum albums are sales recorded by Nielsen SoundScan plus known sales from BMG's Music Club.[217] These do not represent the total sales of the album in the US as they exclude unknown sales figures from Columbia House and other music clubs.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification
Known sales

1994
CrazySexyCool[133]
TLC
11× Platinum
11,200,000[218]

1999
The Writing's on the Wall[149]
Destiny's Child
8× Platinum
8,400,000[218]

1996
Spice[143]
Spice Girls
7× Platinum
7,500,000[219]

1999
FanMail[133]
TLC
6× Platinum
4,700,000[218]

1990
Wilson Phillips[220]
Wilson Phillips
5× Platinum

1993
Very Necessary[221]
Salt-n-Pepa
4,400,000[218]

2001
Survivor[149]
Destiny's Child
4× Platinum
4,739,000[217][222]

2001
Spiceworld[143]
Spice Girls
4,100,000[223]

1992
Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip[133]
TLC
2,500,000[224]

1983
Break Out[225]
The Pointer Sisters
3× Platinum

text: Taiwan[edit]

text:
Released
Album
Group
Sales

2003
Super Star (S.H.E album)
S.H.E
300,000+[226]

2002
Genesis (S.H.E album)
S.H.E
300,000+[227]

2003
Together (Best Collection)
S.H.E.
280,000[228]

2002
Youth Society
S.H.E.
280,000+[229]

2004
Magical Journey
S.H.E.
280,000[230]

2004
Encore (S.H.E album)
S.H.E
180,000[231]


document_title: Standing committee (United States Congress)

question_text: what are the standing committees in the house and the senate

root

text: This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Bender the Bot (talk | contribs) at 07:25, 25 June 2017 (→top: HTTP→HTTPS for Republican Party, per BRFA 8 using AWB). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.

tag: table

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the United States Congress, standing committees are permanent legislative panels established by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules. (House Rule X, Senate Rule XXV.) Because they have legislative jurisdiction, standing committees consider bills and issues and recommend measures for consideration by their respective chambers. They also have oversight responsibility to monitor agencies, programs, and activities within their jurisdictions, and in some cases in areas that cut across committee jurisdictions. Due to their permanent nature, these committees exist beyond the adjournment of each two-year meeting of Congress.

tag: p

text: Most standing committees recommend funding levels—authorizations—for government operations and for new and existing programs. A few have other functions. For example, the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs. The Budget Committees establish aggregate levels for total spending and revenue that serve as guidelines for the work of the authorizing and appropriating panels. Committees also provide oversight of federal agencies and programs.

text: The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 greatly reduced the number of committees. The membership of each committee is adopted at the beginning of each Congress, usually by adoption of a formal resolution. Each committee is assigned its own staff to assist with its legislative, investigative, and research functions. Several committees divide their work into sub units called subcommittees.

text: Committee sizes range from 6 to 50 members per committee. In the House, one person may not serve on more than two standing committees and four subcommittees at one time, though waivers can be granted to serve on additional committees. Also in the House, the House Republican Steering Committee assigns Republican representatives to their committee(s),[1][2] while the Steering and Policy Committee is in charge of assigning Democratic representatives to committees.[3] The Senate follows similar procedures, with senators being limited to no more than three full committees and five sub-committees.

text: Current number of standing committees[edit]

text: As of June 17, 2017, the Senate had[update] 16 standing committees and the House had 20 standing committees.[4] (The count is for standing committees only and does not include select or special committees or joint committees. See those articles for that information.)


document_title: 2008 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States

question_text: who was on the supreme court in 2008

question_tokens: who was on the supreme court in 2008

text: Table key[edit]

text:
Delivered the Court's opinion

Joined the Court's opinion

Filed a concurrence

Joined a concurrence

Filed a dissent

Joined a dissent

Filed a concurrence/dissent

Joined a concurrence/dissent

Did not participate in the decision

Decisions that do not note an argument date were decided without oral argument. Decisions that do not note a Justice delivering the Court's opinion are per curiam.
Multiple concurrences and dissents within a case are numbered, with joining votes numbered accordingly. Justices frequently join multiple opinions in a single case; each vote is subdivided accordingly.
An asterisk ( * ) in the Court's opinion denotes that it was only a majority in part or a plurality. An asterisk in a joining vote denotes that the justice joined it only in part.
A dash ( - ) denotes that the Justice concurred or dissented without filing a separate opinion.

text: 2008 term opinions[edit]

text:
#
Case name and citation
Argued
Decided
Roberts
Stevens
Scalia
Kennedy
Souter
Thomas
Ginsburg
Breyer
Alito

1
Moore v. United States, 555 U.S. 1

October 14, 2008

2
Brunner v. Ohio Republican Party, 555 U.S. 5

October 17, 2008

3
Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7
October 8, 2008
November 12, 2008

*

4
Bell v. Kelly,[1] 555 U.S. 55

November 17, 2008

5
Hedgpeth v. Pulido, 555 U.S. 57

December 2, 2008

6
Altria Group, Inc. v. Good, 555 U.S. 70
October 6, 2008
December 15, 2008

7
Jimenez v. Quarterman, 555 U.S. 113
November 4, 2008
January 13, 2009

8
Chambers v. United States, 555 U.S. 122
November 10, 2008
January 13, 2009

9
Herring v. United States, 555 U.S. 135
October 7, 2008
January 14, 2009

1

1
2

1

1
2

10
Oregon v. Ice, 555 U.S. 160
October 14, 2008
January 14, 2009

11
Waddington v. Sarausad, 555 U.S. 179
October 15, 2008
January 21, 2009

12
Locke v. Karass, 555 U.S. 207
October 6, 2008
January 21, 2009

13
Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223
October 14, 2008
January 21, 2009

14
Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee, 555 U.S. 246
December 2, 2008
January 21, 2009

15
Spears v. United States, 555 U.S. 261

January 21, 2009

1

-

1

16
Crawford v. Nashville, 555 U.S. 271
October 8, 2008
January 26, 2009

17
Kennedy v. Plan Administrator for DuPont Sav. and Investment Plan, 555 U.S. 285
October 7, 2008
January 26, 2009

18
United States v. Eurodif S. A., 555 U.S. 305
November 4, 2008
January 26, 2009

19
Arizona v. Johnson, 555 U.S. 323
December 9, 2008
January 26, 2009

20
Van de Kamp v. Goldstein, 555 U.S. 335
November 5, 2008
January 26, 2009

21
Nelson v. United States, 555 U.S. 350

January 26, 2009

22
Ysursa v. Pocatello Ed. Assn., 555 U.S. 353
November 3, 2008
February 24, 2009

1

2

*

23
Carcieri v. Salazar, 555 U.S. 379
November 3, 2008
February 24, 2009

24
United States v. Hayes, 555 U.S. 415
November 10, 2008
February 24, 2009

*

25
Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications, Inc., 555 U.S. 438
December 8, 2008
February 25, 2009

26
Pleasant Grove City v. Summum, 555 U.S. 460
November 12, 2008
February 25, 2009

1

2

3

2

1

4

27
Summers v. Earth Island Institute, 555 U.S. 488
October 8, 2008
March 3, 2009

28
Negusie v. Holder, 555 U.S. 511
November 5, 2008
March 3, 2009

29
Wyeth v. Levine, 555 U.S. 555
November 3, 2008
March 4, 2009

1

2

30
Bartlett v. Strickland, 556 U.S. 1
October 14, 2008
March 9, 2009

1

*

1

1
2

1
3

31
Vaden v. Discover Bank, 556 U.S. 49
October 6, 2008
March 9, 2009

32
Vermont v. Brillon, 556 U.S. 81
January 13, 2009
March 9, 2009

33
Kansas v. Colorado, 556 U.S. 98
December 1, 2008
March 9, 2009

34
Knowles v. Mirzayance, 556 U.S. 111
January 13, 2009
March 24, 2009

*

*

*

35
Puckett v. United States, 556 U.S. 129
January 14, 2009
March 25, 2009

36
Rivera v. Illinois, 556 U.S. 148
February 23, 2009
March 31, 2009

37
Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 556 U.S. 163
February 25, 2009
March 31, 2009

38
Philip Morris USA Inc. v. Williams,[2] 556 U.S. 178

March 31, 2009

39
Harbison v. Bell, 556 U.S. 180
January 12, 2009
April 1, 2009

1

2

40
Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc., 556 U.S. 208
December 2, 2008
April 1, 2009

41
14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett, 556 U.S. 247
December 1, 2008
April 1, 2009

1
2

2

2

2

42
United States v. Navajo Nation, 556 U.S. 287
February 23, 2009
April 6, 2009

43
Corley v. United States, 556 U.S. 303
January 21, 2009
April 6, 2009

44
Arizona v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332
October 7, 2008
April 21, 2009

2

2

1
2*

2

45
Ministry of Defense and Support for Armed Forces of Iran v. Elahi, 556 U.S. 366
January 12, 2009
April 21, 2009

*

*

*

46
Shinseki v. Sanders, 556 U.S. 396
December 8, 2008
April 21, 2009

47
Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418
January 21, 2009
April 22, 2009

48
Cone v. Bell, 556 U.S. 449
December 9, 2008
April 28, 2009

49
FCC v. Fox Television Stations, 556 U.S. 502
November 4, 2008
April 28, 2009

1
3

*

*
1

3

2

2
3

3

50
Dean v. United States, 556 U.S. 568
March 4, 2009
April 29, 2009

1

2

51
Kansas v. Ventris, 556 U.S. 586
January 21, 2009
April 29, 2009

52
Burlington N. & S. F. R. Co. v. United States, 556 U.S. 599
February 24, 2009
May 4, 2009

53
Arthur Andersen LLP v. Carlisle, 556 U.S. 624
March 3, 2009
May 4, 2009

54
Carlsbad Technology, Inc. v. HIF Bio, Inc., 556 U.S. 635
February 24, 2009
May 4, 2009

1

2

3

3

55
Flores-Figueroa v. United States, 556 U.S. 646
February 25, 2009
May 4, 2009

1

1

2

56
Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662
December 10, 2008
May 18, 2009

1

1

1

1
2

57
AT&T Corp. v. Hulteen, 556 U.S. 701
December 10, 2008
May 18, 2009

58
Haywood v. Drown, 556 U.S. 729
December 3, 2008
May 26, 2009

*

*

*

59
Montejo v. Louisiana, 556 U.S. 778
January 13, 2009
May 26, 2009

1

1

1

1*
2

60
Abuelhawa v. United States, 556 U.S. 816
March 4, 2009
May 26, 2009

61
Bobby v. Bies, 556 U.S. 825
April 27, 2009
June 1, 2009

62
CSX Transp., Inc. v. Hensley, 556 U.S. 838

June 1, 2009

1

2

63
Republic of Iraq v. Beaty, 556 U.S. 848
April 20, 2009
June 8, 2009

64
Caperton v. A. T. Massey Coal Co., 556 U.S. 868
March 3, 2009
June 8, 2009

1

1
2

1

1

65
United States v. Denedo, 556 U.S. 904
March 25, 2009
June 8, 2009

66
United States ex rel. Eisenstein v. City of New York, 556 U.S. 928
April 21, 2009
June 8, 2009

67
Boyle v. United States, 556 U.S. 938
January 14, 2009
June 8, 2009

68
Indiana State Police Pension Trust v. Chrysler LLC, 556 U.S. 960

June 9, 2009

69
Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez, 557 U.S. 1
April 1, 2009
June 15, 2009

1

1

*

*
2

70
Nijhawan v. Holder, 557 U.S. 29
April 27, 2009
June 15, 2009

71
District Attorney's Office for Third Judicial Dist. v. Osborne, 557 U.S. 52
March 2, 2009
June 18, 2009

1

1*
2

*

1

1

72
Yeager v. United States, 557 U.S. 110
March 23, 2009
June 18, 2009

1
2

*

1
2

1
2

73
Travelers Indemnity Co. v. Bailey, 557 U.S. 137
March 30, 2009
June 18, 2009

74
Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc., 557 U.S. 167
March 31, 2009
June 18, 2009

1

1
2

1
2

1
2

75
Northwest Austin Municipal Util. Dist. No. One v. Holder, 557 U.S. 193
April 29, 2009
June 22, 2009

76
Forest Grove School Dist. v. T. A., 557 U.S. 230
April 28, 2009
June 22, 2009

77
Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council, 557 U.S. 261
January 12, 2009
June 22, 2009

*
1

2

78
Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 557 U.S. 305
November 10, 2008
June 25, 2009

79
Safford Unified School Dist. #1 v. Redding, 557 U.S. 364
April 21, 2009
June 25, 2009

*
1

2

*
1
3

80
Atlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend, 557 U.S. 404
March 2, 2009
June 25, 2009

81
Horne v. Flores, 557 U.S. 433
April 20, 2009
June 25, 2009

82
Cuomo v. Clearing House Assn., L. L. C., 557 U.S. 519
April 28, 2009
June 29, 2009

83
Ricci v. DeStefano, 557 U.S. 557
April 22, 2009
June 29, 2009

1
2

2

2

#
Case name and citation
Argued
Decided
Roberts
Stevens
Scalia
Kennedy
Souter
Thomas
Ginsburg
Breyer
Alito

text: 2008 term membership and statistics[edit]

text: This was the fourth term of Chief Justice Roberts' tenure and the third and last full term with the same membership, as Justice Souter retired after the term finished.

text:
Justice
Appointment history
Agreement with judgment
Opinions filed

Seniority
Name
President
Date confirmed
%
#

Total

01 !Chief Justice
Roberts, JohnJohn Roberts
Bush, George W.George W. Bush
September 29, 2005
7001819000000000000♠81.9%
68/83
8
4
2
3
17

02 !Associate Justice
Stevens, John PaulJohn Paul Stevens
Ford, GeraldGerald Ford
December 19, 1975
7001627000000000000♠62.7%
52/83
9
3
2
15
29

03 !Associate Justice
Scalia, AntoninAntonin Scalia
Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
September 26, 1986
7001843000000000000♠84.3%
70/83
11
7
1
3
22

04 !Associate Justice
Kennedy, AnthonyAnthony Kennedy
Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
February 18, 1988
7001940000000000000♠94%
78/83
7
4
1
1
13

05 !Associate Justice
Souter, DavidDavid Souter
Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
October 9, 1990
7001699000000000000♠69.9%
58/83
8
2
1
10
21

06 !Associate Justice
Thomas, ClarenceClarence Thomas
Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
October 23, 1991
7001819000000000000♠81.9%
68/83
9
5
3
4
21

07 !Associate Justice
Ginsburg, Ruth BaderRuth Bader Ginsburg
Clinton, BillBill Clinton
August 10, 1993
7001699000000000000♠69.9%
58/83
7
1
1
9
18

08 !Associate Justice
Breyer, StephenStephen Breyer
Clinton, BillBill Clinton
August 3, 1994
7001735000000000000♠73.5%
61/83
8
7
3
11
29

09 !Associate Justice
Alito, SamuelSamuel Alito
Bush, George W.George W. Bush
January 31, 2006
7001807000000000000♠80.7%
67/83
7
8
1
6
22

Notes on statistics:

Opinion counts only include the bench opinions listed above; opinions relating to orders or in-chambers opinions are not included.
Agreement with the Court's judgment does not guarantee agreement with the reasoning expressed in its opinion. A justice is not considered in agreement if they dissented even in part. Agreement percentages are based only on the listed cases in which a justice participated and are rounded to the nearest one-tenth of one percentage point.

Totals

74
41
15
62
192

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The Court's per curiam opinion in Bell v. Kelly dismissed certiorari as improvidently granted.
Jump up ^ The Court in Phiip Morris USA Inc. v. Williams dismissed certiorari as improvidently granted. The Court had rendered an opinion at a previous stage in the litigation; see Philip Morris USA Inc. v. Williams, 549 U.S. 346 (2007).

tag: ol

text: Further reading[edit]

text: Justices Return to Work, With Less Meaty Docket, Adam Liptak. The New York Times, October 4, 2008.

tag: ul


document_title: Geological history of oxygen

question_text: when did oxygen first appear in earth's atmosphere

question_tokens: when did oxygen first appear in earth 's atmosphere

text: Geological history of oxygen

text:
Before photosynthesis evolved, Earth's atmosphere had no free oxygen (O2).[2] Photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms that produced O2 as a waste product lived long before the first build-up of free oxygen in the atmosphere,[3] perhaps as early as 3.5 billion years ago. The oxygen they produced would have been rapidly removed from the atmosphere by weathering of reducing minerals,[citation needed] most notably iron[citation needed]. This "mass rusting"[citation needed] led to the deposition of iron oxide on the ocean floor, forming banded iron formations. Oxygen only began to persist in the atmosphere in small quantities about 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxygenation Event.[4] This mass oxygenation of the atmosphere resulted in rapid buildup of free oxygen. At current rates of primary production, today's concentration of oxygen could be produced by photosynthetic organisms in 2,000 years.[5] In the absence of plants, the rate of oxygen production by photosynthesis was slower in the Precambrian, and the concentrations of O2 attained were less than 10% of today's and probably fluctuated greatly; oxygen may even have disappeared from the atmosphere again around 1.9 billion years ago.[6] These fluctuations in oxygen concentration had little direct effect on life,[citation needed] with mass extinctions not observed until the appearance of complex life around the start of the Cambrian period, 541 million years ago.[7] The presence of O
2 provided life with new opportunities. Aerobic metabolism is more efficient than anaerobic pathways, and the presence of oxygen undoubtedly created new possibilities for life to explore.[8]:214, 586[9] Since the start of the Cambrian period, atmospheric oxygen concentrations have fluctuated between 15% and 35% of atmospheric volume.[10] The maximum of 35% was reached towards the end of the Carboniferous period (about 300 million years ago), a peak which may have contributed to the large size of insects and amphibians at that time.[9] Whilst human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, affect relative carbon dioxide concentrations, their effect on the much larger concentration of oxygen is less significant.[11]

text: Effects on life[edit]

text: The concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is often cited as a possible contributor to large-scale evolutionary phenomena, such as the origin of the multicellular Ediacara biota, the Cambrian explosion, trends in animal body size, and other extinction and diversification events.[9]

text: The large size of insects and amphibians in the Carboniferous period, when the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere reached 35%, has been attributed to the limiting role of diffusion in these organisms' metabolism.[citation needed] But Haldane's essay[12] points out that it would only apply to insects. However, the biological basis for this correlation is not firm, and many lines of evidence show that oxygen concentration is not size-limiting in modern insects.[9] There is no significant correlation between atmospheric oxygen and maximum body size elsewhere in the geological record.[9] Ecological constraints can better explain the diminutive size of post-Carboniferous dragonflies - for instance, the appearance of flying competitors such as pterosaurs, birds and bats.[9]

text: Rising oxygen concentrations have been cited as one of several drivers for evolutionary diversification, although the physiological arguments behind such arguments are questionable, and a consistent pattern between oxygen concentrations and the rate of evolution is not clearly evident.[9] The most celebrated link between oxygen and evolution occurs at the end of the last of the Snowball glaciations, where complex multicellular life is first found in the fossil record. Under low oxygen concentrations and before the evolution of nitrogen fixation, biologically-available nitrogen compounds were in limited supply [13] and periodic "nitrogen crises" could render the ocean inhospitable to life.[9] Significant concentrations of oxygen were just one of the prerequisites for the evolution of complex life.[9] Models based on uniformitarian principles (i.e. extrapolating present-day ocean dynamics into deep time) suggest that such a concentration was only reached immediately before metazoa first appeared in the fossil record.[9] Further, anoxic or otherwise chemically "nasty" oceanic conditions that resemble those supposed to inhibit macroscopic life re-occur at intervals through the early Cambrian, and also in the late Cretaceous – with no apparent effect on lifeforms at these times.[9] This might suggest that the geochemical signatures found in ocean sediments reflect the atmosphere in a different way before the Cambrian - perhaps as a result of the fundamentally different mode of nutrient cycling in the absence of planktivory.[7][9]

text: Oxygen in the atmosphere can cause phosphorus and iron to be freed from rock, and these elements can then be used for building new species which require these elements.[2]


document_title: Marquis St. Evrémonde

question_text: who killed monsieur the marquis in a tale of two cities

text: Marquis St. Evrémonde

text: Overview[edit]

text: The Marquis or Monseigneur St. Evrémonde appears (in life) for only three chapters in Book the Second, symbolizing the pitiless, arrogant, French aristocracy. About 60 years old, with a face like a mask, he is Charles Darnay's uncle and twin brother of Charles Darnay's father (now deceased).

text: Marquis in Paris[edit]

text: While still handsome, fashionable, and exquisitely poised, the Marquis St. Evrémonde is out of favor at the royal court for reasons that are not specified. In "Monseigneur in Town", the Marquis is greeted without warmth by "Monseigneur" (a great lord and senior courtier) at the latter's Parisian reception. Snubbed, he waits until all Monseigneur's sycophants and hangers-on file out, then murmurs a curse sending Monseigneur to the Devil. (Note that the curse is uttered in a mirrored salon, possibly suggesting that it rebounds on the speaker.) The Marquis St. Evrémonde's carriage heads for his country chateau through the streets of Paris, at the break-neck pace favored by the nobility. Although most pedestrians scatter in terror, his carriage runs over a little child; being one of Gaspard's. The Marquis shows no remorse at the sight of the crushed body — inquiring whether his horses are alright — and, "with the air of a gentleman who had accidentally broke some common thing, and had paid for it",[1] throws a gold coin to the distraught father. The Defarges appear—Ernest Defarge to comfort the grieving Gaspard; Madame Defarge to stand erect, stare at the Marquis boldly in the face and knit his Fate. The remainder of the crowd watches in cowed silence but an unknown hand throws the coin back into the carriage. Before driving on, the Marquis responds with cold contempt that he would willingly ride over any of "you dogs" and exterminate them. This scene foreshadows the oncoming revolution in France.

text: Marquis at his estate[edit]

text: The Marquis St. Evrémonde appears in the two following chapters "Monseigneur in the Country" (when he is told by a road worker that a dust-covered figure was hanging on to the bottom of his carriage) and "the "Gorgon's Head" (dining with his nephew, Charles Darnay). Dickens uses his account of the journey of the indifferent Marquis through the countryside surrounding his chateau to graphically describe the poverty and desperation of the peasantry.

text: During the dinner between uncle and nephew, Charles Darnay apologizes for being detained in London. He alludes to his danger there (his recent treason trial) wondering aloud if his uncle did not in fact orchestrate the accusations brought against him. Charles further believes that if the Marquis were still in the French Court's good graces, he would obtain a lettre de cachet and have his nephew imprisoned in France. His uncle confesses that for the honor of the family, he '"would do exactly that'".

text: The dinner conversation between uncle and nephew reveals their diametrically opposed view of the rural peasantry. St. Evrémonde the elder considers it a divine duty to subjugate "the Vulgar", ("Repression is the only lasting philosophy…"). He regrets that recent reforms have placed some restraints on the formerly absolute powers of his class to abuse their inferiors; recalling just recently he had one peasant poniarded in his very bedroom for "professing some insolent delicacy respecting his daughter". Charles Darnay, by contrast, hopes to honor his mother’s dying wish by ameliorating the wrongs the family has caused. When his uncle laughs at this, Charles renounces his rights to the Evrémonde title and lands, in favor of a new life in London. His uncle, slyly, already knows that this "new life" includes an emigree doctor and his daughter.

text: They retire for the night.

text: Death of the Marquis and aftermath[edit]

text: At the conclusion of Chapter 9, the Marquis is found stabbed to death in his bed. “The Gorgon had surveyed the building again in the night, and had added the one stone face waiting for two hundred years." (Chapter 9). All of his property is inherited by Darnay, who remains in London but instructs an agent to redress grievances as far as possible in the growing confusion of the pending revolution.

text: A year later Gaspard, assassin of the Marquis and father of the child ridden down by his carriage, is captured and executed, his body left hanging above the village water fountain. Subsequently the Evrémonde chateau is burned to the ground at night by "Jacques" revolutionaries while the abused villagers watch in grim silence and the officers of a neighboring royal garrison stand helpless because they know that their troops will probably no longer obey their orders.

text: Only later in the novel, during the trial of Charles Darnay, is the secret of the Marquis and his brother exposed: Alexandre Manette's diary from the Bastille details how in 1767 the Evrémonde brothers {the younger initially helped by the elder} had abducted and abused a pregnant peasant wife causing her death, fatally wounded her brother who tried to protect her and had brought about the deaths of both the girl's husband and father as well. Manette tries to alert the authorities to the Evrémonde crimes but his letter is passed on to the aristocratic brothers. This was the reason he was imprisoned in the Bastille; likewise this was the inspiration of a lifelong hatred of the Evrémondes by the last member of the wronged girl's family-her sister Madame Defarge who married Manette's servant Ernest Defarge.

text: Names[edit]

text: The Marquis St. Evrémonde is referred to as "Monseigneur" and "Monsieur." These three different titles all refer to the same person: people who are below the Marquis in rank refer to him as "Monseigneur" or "Monsieur," while people of equal rank refer to him as the "Marquis."

text: Note also that the patronym "Evrémonde", suggests an Anglo-French conglomerate, ("every" plus "tout le monde"). Phonetically, it sounds like “Everyman.”

text: The note on the knife in the Marquis chest is signed "Jacques"; a common nickname used by the aristocracy for the peasant was "Jacques Goodman".

text: Cinematic and Theatrical Portrayals[edit]

text: In the 2008 Broadway musical adaptation of 'A Tale of Two Cities,' the Marquis St. Evrémonde is played by Les Minski, while on film he has been played by such actors as Basil Rathbone, Christopher Lee, and Max Adrian. In 2003, the Rathbone portrayal of St. Evrémonde was nominated for AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains as one of the Top 50 Villains.[2]


document_title: Worst Cooks in America

question_text: who won season 12 of the worst cooks in america

text: Worst Cooks in America

text: History[edit]

text: The show premiered on January 3, 2010. The show was initially hosted by chef Anne Burrell and chef Beau MacMillan in Season 1. MacMillan was replaced by chef Robert Irvine on Season 2, followed by chef Bobby Flay for Seasons 3–5. On November 20, 2014, a Food Network press release announced that chef Tyler Florence will be paired with chef Burrell to host Season 6, to debut on January 4, 2015. Burrell was the winning instructor in seasons 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 with Flay winning in Seasons 4–5. Rachael Ray and Burrell hosted the Season 7 special celebrity edition, which premiered September 23, 2015. During the finale of Season 7, a trailer previewing Season 8 was shown and was aired in January 2016 with the return of Tyler Florence.

text: Season 1: 2010[edit]

text: Chefs Beau MacMillan and Anne Burrell lead an intense culinary boot camp. They have six recruits each, and every week they must eliminate one recruit from each of their teams until there is only one from each team left. The final two create a three-course meal to fool a panel of restaurant critics into believing that the meal was created by the acclaimed chefs.

text: Recruits[edit]

text: Twelve chefs competed in the first season of Worst Cooks in America. Hometowns and occupations are available from the Food Network website.[3][4] Chef Anne's team was known as the Red Team and Chef Beau's team was known as the Blue Team.

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Rachel Coleman
23
Brooklyn, New York
Marketing Website editor
Winner February 1

Jennifer "Jenny" Cross
21
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Waitress
Runner-up February 1

Jennifer "Jen" Vecchio
38
Cumberland, Rhode Island
Dance Studio Owner
Eliminated January 31

Eddie Chang
32
Jersey City, New Jersey
IT project manager

Marque Hernandez
41
Brea, California
Director of Clinical Operations
Eliminated January 24

Rebecca Hooper
43
Sandy, Utah
Salon Owner

Sophia Gettys
27
Aurora, Colorado
Stay-at-home Mom
Eliminated January 17

Susie Shoman
53
Georgetown, South Carolina
Grants administrator and entrepreneur

Kelly Johnson
31
Scottsdale, Arizona
Corporate litigation attorney
Eliminated January 10

David Summey
29
Charlotte, North Carolina
Salesman

Wilhelmina Josephine
29
Aliso Viejo, California
Insurance claims adjuster
Eliminated January 3

Hamed Hamad
24
North Hollywood, California
Journalist and fashion consultant

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

Rachel

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WINNER

2

Jenny*

IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Jen

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Eddie

BTM
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

5

Marque

WIN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Rebecca

WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

7

Sophia*

IN
IN
IN
OUT

8

Susie

IN
BTM
IN
OUT

9

Kelly

IN
OUT

10

David

BTM
OUT

11

Wilhelmina

OUT

12

Hamed

OUT

text: Season 2: 2011[edit]

text: Casting for season 2 of Worst Cooks in America was held at the LA Marriott Burbank Airport, Hotel & Convention Center on March 27, 2010.[5] The Food Network also began accepting online video applications for season 2.[6] Food Network's website announced that Robert Irvine would replace Beau MacMillan for season 2. Season 2 debuted on January 2, 2011.[7] In this season the chefs had eight recruits each.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Joshie Berger
36
Brooklyn, New York
Attorney
Winner February 20

Georgann "Georg" Coleman
38
Chicago, Illinois
Speech pathologist
Runner-up February 20

Carlos Manuel
28
Atlanta, Georgia
Banker
Eliminated February 13

Kelsey Milos
22
Kings, Illinois
Hair stylist

Kat Rose
37
Newnan, Georgia
Stay-at-home mother
Eliminated February 6

Tyrone "Ty" Miller
33
Trenton, New Jersey
Property manager

Jennifer "Jen" MacLean
43
Sparta, New Jersey
Operating room nurse
Eliminated January 30

Kelly Gray
32
New York, New York
Aerobics instructor

Erika Rumsey
27
Elgin, Illinois
Account manager
Eliminated January 23

Anna Altomari
44
Aliso Viejo, California
RN Case manager

Priscilla Harden
60
Sugar Land, Texas
Retired teacher
Eliminated January 16

Matt Crespi
24
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PhD Student

Anthony Scinto
32
Crestwood, Illinois
Mechanical engineer
Eliminated January 9

Jeff Longcor
25
Somerville, Massachusetts
Environmental contractor

Lina Yu
28
Arcadia, California
Production manager
Eliminated January 2

Eric Ricupero
34
Quincy, Massachusetts
Bar owner

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Episode

Rank
Contestant
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Joshie

IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
9th
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
WINNER

2

Georg

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Carlos

IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
6th
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Kelsey*

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
2nd
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

5

Kat*

WIN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
OUT

6

Ty

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
3rd
IN
BTM
OUT

7

Jen

IN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
7th
IN
OUT

8

Kelly

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
5th
WIN
OUT

9

Erika

BTM
WIN
IN
WIN
IN
8th
OUT

10

Anna

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
4th
OUT

11

Priscilla

IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

12

Matt

BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

13

Anthony

IN
IN
OUT

14

Jeff

IN
BTM
OUT

15

Lina

OUT

16

Eric

OUT

text: Differences between seasons 1 and 2[edit]

text: In the first episode, a group of selected novice cooks were to prepare a dish from scratch so the chefs would get an idea of how poor their skills were. After tasting all the items, the chefs took turns picking team members for their rival chef. The first season started off with 24 novice cooks but only the worst 12 were chosen for a team. In the second season, the first episode began with 16 amateurs and all took part for the remainder of that episode.

text: In the penultimate episode of the season, the remaining four recruits learned and replicated a dessert. After this, in the first season, the recruits had to instruct a group of high school students how to replicate the dessert recipe. In the second one, the recruits were assigned the dessert to serve after both chefs, and a special guest enjoyed a main dish.

text: After learning and replicating a dessert, the recruits had to prepare a meal for both chefs and a surprise guest, usually a spouse or other family member. The first season’s main dishes were an improved version of the recruits’ audition meal. The special guests in the second season got to choose what they wanted the students to make them.

text: Two recruits remained in the final episode and had to prepare an appetizer, main dish, and dessert for a panel of three food critics. The critics in season 1 thought that the final meal was prepared by the chefs until after they sampled all the courses. In season 2, the critics learned their meal was prepared by the recruits immediately after entering the restaurant.

text: Season 3: 2012[edit]

text: Anne Burrell and Bobby Flay hosted season 3 replacing Robert Irvine.[8][9]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Kelli Powers
40
Los Angeles, California
Stay-at-home mother
Winner April 1

Vinnie Caligiuri
47
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mortgage broker
Runner-up April 1

Melissa Rhodes
28
Naples, Florida
Nursing Student
Eliminated March 25

David Shelton
26
Longview, Texas
Unemployed

Tiffany Michelle
27
Los Angeles, California
Poker player and actress
Eliminated March 18

Dorothy Strouhal
38
Cove, Texas
Make-up artist

Anthony Schiano
33
Massapequa, New York
Mechanical engineer
Eliminated March 11

Benjamin Dennis
37
Dallas, Texas
Stay-at-home father
Quit March 11

Sean "Bennett" Bennett
36
New York City
Automotive Spokesperson
Eliminated March 4

Sarina Weeraprajuk
31
West Covina, California
Wedding photographer

Erica Weidner
53
Long Beach, New York
Court Reporter Student
Eliminated February 26

Robert "Bob" Tamke
44
Massapequa Park, New York
DJ

Sherrill Moss-Solomon
55
New York, New York
Fundraiser
Eliminated February 19

Rachel Margolin
31
New York, New York
Night Club Promoter

Richard Chen
55
Queens, New York
Attorney
Eliminated February 12

Libby Floyd
46
Eden Prairie, Minnesota
ShopNBC host[10]

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1

Kelli

WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Vinnie

IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Melissa1

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

David1

IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

5

Tiffany

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Dorothy

IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
OUT

7

Anthony

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
OUT

8

Benjamin

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN

QUIT

9

Bennett

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

10

Sarina

BTM
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

11

Erica

IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

12

Bob

IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

13

Sherrill

IN
BTM
OUT

14

Rachel

BTM
BTM
OUT

15

Richard

OUT

16

Libby

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3, Team Bobby (blue team) won the first challenge, he therefore got to choose one person from Team Anne (red team) to go to his team, and then choose one person from his team to go to the other team. He chose David to go to Team Anne's team and chose Melissa from Team Anne's team to join his team.

text: Season 4: 2013[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Alina Bolshakova
28
Riga, Latvia
Caretaker/Actress
Winner March 31

Rasheeda Brown
30
Germantown, Maryland
Correctional Officer
Runner-up March 31

Chet Pourciau
40
New Orleans, Louisiana
Interior Designer
Eliminated March 24

Suzanne "Sue" Mangogna
42
Northport, New York
Single Mother

Carla Johnson
47
Long Beach, California
Alcohol & Drug Counselor
Eliminated March 17

Michael Haydin
25
Rye Brook, New York
Accountant

Carrie Lee Riggins
32
Carmel, New York
Ballerina/Actress
Eliminated March 10

Crystal Lonneberg
30
Weehawken, New Jersey
Actress/Artist

Aadip Desai
36
Sacramento, California
Writer/Musician
Eliminated March 3

Alex Stein
26
Dallas, Texas
Bail Bondsman

Michael "Big Mike" Paul
24
Thomson, Georgia
Woodworker
Eliminated February 24

Robert "Dr. Bob" Schaefer
58
Pleasant Hill, California
Chiropractor

Tim Burger
42
Novi, Michigan
Former Marine
Eliminated February 17

Diana De Rosa
62
Huntington, New York
Photographer

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Alina

BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2

Rasheeda

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Chet

WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Sue

IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

5

Carla

IN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
OUT

6

Michael

WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

Carrie Lee

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

8

Crystal

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

9

Aadip

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

10

Alex

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Mike

IN
BTM
OUT

12

Bob

BTM
BTM
OUT

13

Tim

OUT

14

Diana

OUT

text: Season 5: 2014[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Amber Brauner
37
Redlands, California
Tattoo Artist
Winner March 31

Jamie Thomas
41
New York, New York
Flight Attendant
Runner-up March 31

Daniel "Danny" Beyda
43
Long Island, New York
Radiologist
Eliminated March 24

Mike Glazer
30
Chicago, Illinois
Writer

Carie Pullano-Keller
34
Chester, Virginia
Promotional Model
Eliminated March 17

Stephanie St. Aubin
26
Washington, DC
Secretary

Danielle Ruiz-Wiley
25
Staten Island, New York
Stay at Home Mom
Eliminated March 10

Carol Holder
64
New York, New York
Real Estate Broker

Joe Slaughter
28
Los Angeles, California
Actor/Dancer
Eliminated March 3

Ken Hsu
29
Seattle, Washington
Personal Trainer

Lance Green
31
New York, New York
Music Producer
Eliminated February 24

Benjamin "Benji" Hunter Brown III
29
Nashville, Tennessee
Live Music Booking Agent

Muneerah Warner
33
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Abstinence Advisor
Eliminated February 16

Casey Pentony
26
Hollywood, California
Nurse

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Amber

WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2

Jamie

WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Danny

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Mike

IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Carrie1

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Stephanie1

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

7

Danielle

IN
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

8

Carol

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

9

Joe

IN
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

10

Ken

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Lance

BTM
IN
OUT

12

Benji

BTM
IN
OUT

13

Muneerah

OUT

14

Casey

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3 Team Anne (red team) won the first challenge, she therefore got to choose one person from Team Bobby (blue team) to go to her team, and then chose one person from her team to go to the other team. She chose Stephanie to go to Team Bobby's team and chose Carrie from Team Bobby's team to join her team.

text: Season 6: 2015[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host seasons 6, replacing Bobby Flay after 3 seasons. The season premiered on January 4, 2015 to 2,123,000 viewers.[11] The second episode was lower at 1,456,000 viewers,[12] with the third episode rising to 1,732,000 viewers[13] and the fourth episode reached 1,689,000 viewers.[14] the 5th episode reached 1,634,000 viewers. The sixth episode received 1.55 million viewers.[15]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Kristen Redmond
25
Austin, Texas
Singer/Songwriter
Winner February 15

Genique Freeman
33
Fayetteville, North Carolina
Esthetician
Runner-up February 15

Leopold "Leo" Nunan
36
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Performance Artist
Eliminated February 8

Sarah Bettendorf
33
Los Angeles, California
Art Teacher

Norman Wilson
46
Detroit, Michigan
Executive Protection
Eliminated February 1

Sharif Dean
27
Los Angeles, California
Personal Trainer

David Eric Rosenberg
51
Las Vegas, Nevada
Theatre Usher
Eliminated January 25

Kortni Montgomery
25
New Orleans, Louisiana
Customer Service Rep

Michael "Six" Muldoon
25
Queens, New York
Magician
Eliminated January 18

Mike Kennedy
45
Scottsdale, Arizona
Private Investigator

Stephanie Streisand*
25
Los Angeles, California
Writer
Withdrew January 11

Susie Babin
61
Bush, Louisiana
Retired
Eliminated January 11

Jason Dixon
30
Chicago, Illinois
Artist
Eliminated January 5

Christina Oster
38
Zion, Illinois
Single Mom

text: Contestant Stephanie Streisand was deemed too ill to continue on January 11

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Kristen

IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Genique

IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Leo

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

4

Sarah

WIN
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Norman

WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Sharif

IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

David

BTM
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

8

Kortni

BTM
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

9

Six

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

10

Mike

IN
BTM
IN
IN
OUT

11

Stephanie

IN
IN
WDR

12

Susie

IN
BTM
OUT

13

Jason

OUT

14

Christina

OUT

text: Season 7: Celebrity Edition[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 7. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. Because this season had only 7 total recruits, each team's worst recruit from that week's Main Dish challenge competed head to head in a quickfire elimination challenge instead of eliminating both recruits each week. This challenge involved more basic cooking techniques (e.g. knife skills) and the winner would be decided by a blind judging from both Anne and Rachael. The winning recruit stayed in the competition while the losing recruit was eliminated.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Jenni "JWoww" Farley
29
Reality Television Star
Winner October 28

Kendra Wilkinson
30
Former Playboy Model & Television Personality
Runner-up October 28

Ellen Cleghorne
49
Saturday Night Live Actress
Eliminated October 21

Barry Williams
60
The Brady Bunch Actor
Eliminated October 14

Chris Soules
33
The Bachelor Star
Eliminated October 7

Jaleel White
38
Actor, Television Host
Eliminated September 30

Dean Cain
48
Television Actor
Eliminated September 23

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

Jenni

IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Kendra

IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
BTM
RUNNER-UP

3

Ellen

WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Barry

BTM
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Chris

WIN
IN
OUT

6

Jaleel

IN
OUT

7

Dean

OUT

text: Season 8: 2016[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 8.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Nick Slater
24
Rancho Cucamonga, California
Construction Worker
Winner February 14

Lawrence Crawford
26
Deptford, New Jersey
Army Combat Medic
Runner-up February 14

Ginny Meerman
50
Millersville, Maryland
Project Supervisor
Eliminated February 7

Taylor Hooper
24
Boston, Massachusetts
Marine Veteran

Holgie Forrester
66
Twentynine Palms, California
Retired/Actress
Eliminated January 31

Chanda Havard
36
Chicago, Illinois
Real Estate Agent

Donna Koen
60
Newburyport, Massachusetts
Lunch Lady & Hairdresser
Eliminated January 24

Rachel Thomas
27
Tampa, Florida
Stay-at-Home Wife

Ernie Adkins
44
Mardela Springs, Maryland
Truck driver
Eliminated January 17

Glenda Galeano
40
Miami, Florida
Event Coordinator/Actress

Ty Snow
39
Pasadena, California
Special Education Teacher
Eliminated January 10

Cindy Nguyen
28
Las Vegas, Nevada
Bartender

David Fouts
42
Wales, Wisconsin
Senior Project Manager
Eliminated January 4

Jeni Erdman
51
Dousman, Wisconsin
Group Tour Coordinator

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Nick

WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
WINNER

2

Lawrence

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Ginny

WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Taylor

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
TIE
OUT

5

Holgie

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Chanda

BTM
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

Donna

IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

8

Rachel

BTM
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
OUT

9

Ernie

IN
BTM
IN
IN
OUT

10

Glenda

IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
OUT

11

Ty

IN
IN
OUT

12

Cindy

IN
IN
OUT

13

David

OUT

14

Jeni

OUT

text: Season 9: Celebrity Edition 2[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 2 of the Celebrity Edition. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. The season premiered on September 14, 2016 to 1,185,000 viewers.[16]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Loni Love
44
The Real Co-Host & Comedian
Winner November 2

Nicole Sullivan
46
Former MadTV Star, Comedian, & Actress
Runner-up November 2

John Henson
49
Former Talk Soup & Wipeout host
Eliminated October 26

Mike Situation Sorrentino
34
Reality Television Personality

Matt Dallas
33
Television Actor & YouTube Personality
Eliminated October 19

Mindy Cohn
50
The Facts of Life & Scooby-Doo Actress
Eliminated October 12

Tommy Davidson
52
Comedian & Actor
Eliminated September 28

Barbara Eden
85
Film & Television Actress (I Dream of Jeannie & Harper Valley P.T.A.)
Eliminated September 21

Kenya Moore
45
Miss USA 1993 & The Real Housewives of Atlanta Star
Eliminated September 14

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
Loni
IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WINNER

2
Nicole
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3
John
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

4
Mike
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

5
Matt
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

6
Mindy
IN
IN
TIE
BTM
OUT

7
Tommy
IN
IN
OUT

8
Barbara
BTM
OUT

9
Kenya
OUT

text: Season 10: 2017[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 10. The season premiered on January 1, 2017.[17]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Daniel Mar
35
Burbank, California
Photographer
Winner March 5

Ann Odogwu
34
Houston, Texas
Flight Attendant
Runner-Up March 5

Laura Docker
36
Fort Worth, Texas
Lawyer
Eliminated February 26

Mandy Thornton
24
Hanover, Massachusetts
Medical Assistant

Adam Cooke
32
Rancho Cucamonga, California
Auto Mechanic
Eliminated February 19

Brittany Lenore
27
Chicago, Illinois
Spiritual Speaker

Jeff West
36
Douglassville, Pennsylvania
Vending Machine President
Eliminated February 12

Kayla Kurtz
27
Kent, Ohio
Stay-at-Home Mom
Eliminated January 29

Maria Marcello
40
Torrance, California
Stay-at-Home Mom

Matt Josephs
35
Richmond, Virginia
Sports Radio Producer
Eliminated January 22

Jake Michaels
21
Manteno, Illinois
Model & Singer
Eliminated January 15

Jetta Linda Ostrofsky
66
Sacramento, California
Retired

Stephen Hawkins
67
Temecula, California
Retired
Eliminated January 8

Buffy Mykkanen
29
Portland, Oregon
Tech Support

Cedrick Miller
22
El Paso, Texas
Cashier
Eliminated January 1

Lester Turchin
65
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Retired

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Daniel

IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WINNER

2

Ann

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
SAVE
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3

Mandy

IN
IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Laura

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
OUT

5

Brittany

WIN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Adam

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

7

Jeff

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

8

Maria

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

9

Kayla

IN
IN
IN
TIE
SAVE
OUT

10

Matt

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Jetta

IN
IN
BTM
OUT

12

Jake

BTM
IN
IN
OUT

13

Stephen

BTM
IN
OUT

14

Buffy

IN
IN
OUT

15

Cedrick

OUT

16

Lester

OUT

text: In Episode 6, Both Chef Anne and Chef Rachael decided not to send anyone from their teams home.

text: Season 11: Celebrity Edition 3[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 3 of the Celebrity Edition. The season premiered on August 23, 2017[18][19]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Perez Hilton
39
Gossip Blogger
Winner October 11

Melissa Peterman
46
Actress & Comedienne
Runner-up October 11

Nora Dunn
65
Actress & Comedienne
Eliminated October 4

Vivica A. Fox
53
Actress
Eliminated October 4

Sean Lowe
33
Reality Star
Eliminated September 27

Carmen Electra
45
Model & Actress
Withdrew September 13 due to injuries

Carson Kressley
47
TV Personality
Eliminated September 6

Erik Estrada
68
Star of CHiPs
Eliminated August 30

text: •Note: Vivica was originally eliminated on September 20. In Episode 7, airing on October 4, both Vivica and Sean returned to the competition for a redemption skill drill. Vivica won the drill, re-entered the competition and was then eliminated following the main challenge.

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
Perez
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2
Melissa
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
SAVE
IN
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3
Nora
SAVE
TIE
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4
Vivica
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
TIE
SAVE
IN
OUT

RTN
OUT

5
Sean
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
TIE
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

6
Carmen
BTM
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
WDR

7
Carson
IN
TIE
WIN
IN
OUT

8
Erik
IN
TIE
OUT

text: Season 12: 2018[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 12.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Hazell Mckenzie
36
Brooklyn, New York
Graduate Student
Winner March 11

Steven Crowley
31
New York, New York
Real Estate Broker
Runner-Up March 11

Asaf Goren
25
Los Angeles, California
Dancer
Eliminated March 4

Sharon Shvarzman
32
Staten Island, New York
Drag Performer

Shatima Ruffin
34
Hampton Roads, Virginia
Receptionist
Eliminated February 25

Lacey Stout
28
Collinsville, Oklahoma
Stay-at-Home Mom

Robyn Hayden
31
Charleston, South Carolina
Balloon Artist
Eliminated February 18

Brandon Arroyo
27
Cleveland, Ohio
Sports Reporter
Eliminated February 11

Spencer Nick
25
Chicago, Illinois
Graduate Student

Sylvia Jefferies
47
Charleston, South Carolina
Stay-at-Home Mom
Quit January 28

Lily Frey
63
Anaheim, California
Retired
Eliminated January 28

Skyler Nick
25
Chicago, Illinois
Graduate Student
Eliminated January 21

Priscilla Nguyen
26
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Receptionist
Eliminated January 14

Kevin Pettice
24
Charlotte, North Carolina
Administrative Assistant

Kayrene Curtis
44
Rocky River, Ohio
Stay-at-Home Mom
Eliminated January 7

Jonathan Farhat
37
Livermore, California
Safety Professional

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Hazell

WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Steven

BTM
IN
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Sharon

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Asaf

IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

5

Lacey*

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Shatima

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

7

Robyn

IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
OUT

8

Brandon

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

9

Spencer*

BTM
IN
BTM
IN
BTM
OUT

10

Lily

IN
WIN
IN
OUT

11

Sylvia

IN
BTM
BTM
QUIT

12

Skyler

IN
BTM
OUT

13

Priscilla

IN
OUT

14

Kevin

IN
OUT

15

Jonathan

OUT

16

Kayrene

OUT

text: In episode 5, contestants Lacey and Spencer switch teams instead of being eliminated, Lacey on Chef Anne's Team and Spencer on Chef Tyler's team.

text: Season 13: Celebrity Edition 4[edit]

text: Tyler Florence returns with Anne Burrell to host season 4 of the Celebrity Edition. This is the first Celebrity Edition to not feature Rachael Ray as a judge. The season premiered on April 15, 2018.[20]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

La Toya Jackson
61
Singer & Icon
Winner May 20

Ian Ziering
53
Actor
Runner-Up May 20

Catherine Bach
64
The Dukes of Hazzard Star
Eliminated May 13

Oscar Nunez
59
The Office Star

Maria Bamford
48
Comedienne
Eliminated May 6

Nolan Gould
19
Modern Family Star
Eliminated April 29

Bronson Pinchot
58
Actor
Eliminated April 22

text: Contestant Progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

La Toya

WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Ian

WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Catherine

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

4

Oscar

BTM
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

5

Maria

IN
IN
IN
OUT

6

Nolan

SAVE
IN
OUT

7

Bronson

IN
OUT

text: Judging Records[edit]

text:
Judge
Wins
Losses

Anne Burrell
8
5

Bobby Flay
2
1

Rachael Ray
2
2

Tyler Florence
1
3

Beau MacMillan
0
1

Robert Irvine
0
1


document_title: God's Gonna Cut You Down

question_text: who wrote run on for a long time

question_tokens: who wrote run on for a long time

text: God's Gonna Cut You Down

text: Moby cover[edit]

text:
"Run On"

Single by Moby featuring Bill Landford & The Landfordairs

from the album Play

B-side
"Spirit", "Running", "Sunday", "Down Slow (full length)"

Released
1999

Length
4:24 (Extended)
3:55 (Extended 12-inch)
3:45 (LP Version)
3:33 (Single Version)
3:09 (Radio Edit)

Songwriter(s)
Traditional

Producer(s)
Moby

Moby featuring Bill Landford & The Landfordairs singles chronology

"Honey"
(1998)
"Run On"
(1999)
"Bodyrock"
(1999)

"Honey"
(1998)
"Run On"
(1999)
"Bodyrock"
(1999)

text: Electronic musician Moby released "Run On" as the second single from his studio album Play.

text: In the US, "Run On" was released as a double A-side with "Honey".

text: The vocal content of the song comes from a 1949 Columbia Records #30203 recording of "Run On For A Long Time" by Bill Landford and the Landfordairs,[2][3] and features a mix of house music and instrumental music.

text: Track listing[edit]

text: UK CD #1 (Mute Records CDMUTE221)

text:
"Run On"
"Spirit"
"Running"

text: UK CD #2 (Mute Records LCDMUTE221)

text:
"Run On (Extended)"
"Sunday"
"Down Slow (Full Length)"

text: US CD (V2 Records 63881-27583-2)

text:
"Honey (Album Mix)"
"Honey (Moby's 118 Mix)"
"Honey (Sharam Jey's Sweet Honey Mix)"
"Honey (Aphrodite & Mickey Finn Mix)"
"Run On (Extended)"
"Run On (Moby's Young And Funky Mix)"
"Run On (Sharam Jey's Always On The Run Remix)"
"Memory Gospel"

text: UK 12-inch (Mute Records 12MUTE221)

text: Side One

text: "Run On (Moby's Young & Funky Mix)"

text: Side Two

text:
"Run On (Dave Clarke Mix)"
"Run On (Extended)"

text: Music video[edit]

text: Mike Mills' video depicts Moby working at an office where everyone wears white.[4] It then shows an earlier scene involving a workout instructor who faints while teaching a class. Moby then comes in and puts an inhaler in her mouth. It then continues to show an earlier scene, going backwards to tell the entire story: the office Moby works in is heaven, the instructor is self-conscious and unsure of her capabilities, and heaven is a self-help phone line. Eventually, it shows a scene of Moby dead in a parking lot, with a man checking his pulse. It then gone to the earlier scene that concludes the video: Moby working in an office while he was alive, but it has a green light to it, and everyone is unkind and emotionally distant.

text: Johnny Cash cover[edit]

text:
"God's Gonna Cut You Down"

Single by Johnny Cash

from the album American V: A Hundred Highways

Released
July 4, 2006

Recorded
2003

Genre
Country,[5] gospel blues

Length
2:38

Label
American Recordings
Lost Highway Records

Songwriter(s)
Traditional

Producer(s)
Rick Rubin

Johnny Cash singles chronology

"Hurt"
(2006)
"God's Gonna Cut You Down"
(2006)
"Help Me"
(2007)

"Hurt"
(2006)
"God's Gonna Cut You Down"
(2006)
"Help Me"
(2007)

text: Johnny Cash recorded a version of "God's Gonna Cut You Down" on American V: A Hundred Highways in 2003, with an arrangement quite different from most known gospel versions of the song.[citation needed] The song has sold 672,000 copies in the United States as of January 2016.[6]

text: A music video, directed by Tony Kaye,[7] was made for this version in late 2006, three years after Cash's death. The video was shot entirely in black and white and features a number of celebrities: David Allan Coe, Patricia Arquette, Travis Barker, Peter Blake, Bono, Sheryl Crow, Johnny Depp, the Dixie Chicks, Flea, Billy Gibbons, Whoopi Goldberg, Woody Harrelson, Dennis Hopper, Terrence Howard, Jay-Z, Mick Jones, Kid Rock, Anthony Kiedis, Kris Kristofferson, Amy Lee, Adam Levine, Shelby Lynne, Chris Martin, Kate Moss, Graham Nash, Busy Philipps, Iggy Pop, Lisa Marie Presley, Q-Tip, Corinne Bailey Rae, Keith Richards, Chris Rock, Rick Rubin, Patti Smith, Sharon Stone, Justin Timberlake, Kanye West, Brian Wilson and Owen Wilson.[8]

text: In the FOX TV series Gotham, this version of the song can be heard at the beginning of the episode What the Little Birdie Told Him, while Jack Gruber is walking to Irwin's Electronics.[9] It also features in the NBC TV series The Blacklist, in the episode The Director: Conclusion, and in the CBC series Republic of Doyle, where it closed episode 10 of season 2, "The Special Detective."

text: The song is used by Cleveland Indians relief pitcher Cody Allen as his entrance theme.[10]

text: The song is featured in the single-player campaign of Battlefield 3, and a version of Cash's performance that was remixed by Ninja Tracks is used in the Gamescom gameplay trailer for Battlefield 1.[11]

text: The song is also used by Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Convictions Launch TrailerSplinter Cell: Conviction.

text: The "Mondkopf Plus de Sommeil" remix of Cash's performance appeared in an ad campaign for the all-new 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2).

text: The song is used as the opening and closing theme in Chris White's documentary Debunking Jordan Maxwell, The Movie Jordanus Maximus[12]

text: Other artists[edit]

text: American singer and civil rights activist Odetta recorded a version of the song in the style of a 19th-century revival meeting preaching hymn.[13] Rock singer Marilyn Manson performed a live rendition of the song during his "Heaven Upside Down" tour in 2017.

text: Kevin Lovatt covered this song and it appeared on the soundtrack of the 2016 film The Hollow Point during the closing credits [14]

text: Chart positions[edit]

text: Moby cover[edit]

text:
Chart (1999)
Peak
position

UK Singles Chart
33

text: Johnny Cash cover[edit]

text:
Chart (2006)
Peak
position

UK Singles Chart
77