document_title: Internet café

question_text: where was the first cybercafe in the united states opened

text: Internet café

text: History[edit]

text: The first online café in South Korea called Electronic Café opened in front of Hongik University in March 1988 by Ahn Sang-Su and Keum Nuri in Seoul. It had two 16bit computers connected to Online service networks through telephone lines. Online service users’ offline meetings were held in the Electronic Café, which served as a place that connected online and offline activities. The opening of the online café in Korea was 2–3 years ahead of other countries.[1]

text: The online café phenomenon in the United States was started in July 1991 by Wayne Gregori in San Francisco when he began SFnet Coffeehouse Network. Gregori designed, built and installed 25 coin-operated computer terminals in coffeehouses throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. The café terminals dialed into a 32 line Bulletin Board System that offered an array of electronic services including FIDOnet mail and, in 1992, Internet mail.[2]

text: The concept of a café with full Internet access (and the name Cybercafé) was invented in early 1994 by Ivan Pope. Commissioned to develop an Internet event for an arts weekend at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in London, and inspired by the SFnet terminal based cafes, Pope wrote a proposal outlining the concept of a café with Internet access.

text: After an initial run in late 1993 as a café showcasing computers, a bar called CompuCafé was established in Helsinki, Finland in the spring of 1994 featuring both Internet access and a robotic beer seller.[3]

text: Around June 1994, The Binary Cafe, Canada's first Internet café, opened in Toronto, Ontario.

text: Inspired partly by the ICA event, a commercial establishment of this type, called Cyberia, opened on September 1, 1994 in London, England. In January 1995, CB1 Café in Cambridge, installed an Internet connection and is the longest running Internet Café in the UK, still operating today.[4]

text: The first public, commercial American Internet café was conceived and opened by Jeff Anderson and Alan Weinkrantz in August 1994, at Infomart in Dallas, Texas and was called The High Tech Cafe.[5]

text: The Scottish Bar is the first Internet café in French-speaking Switzerland, connected on June 27, 1995 by Pierre Hemmer and his company MC Management & Communication.

text: Three Internet cafés subsequently opened in the East Village neighborhood of New York City: Internet Cafe, opened by Arthur Perley, the @Cafe, and the Heroic Sandwich.[6] In 1996, the Internet café Surf City opened in downtown Anchorage, Alaska.

text: A variation of Internet café called PC bang (similar to LAN gaming centers) became extremely popular in South Korea when StarCraft was released in 1998. Although computer and broadband penetration per capita were very high, young people went to PC bangs to play multiplayer games.

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Internet cafés are located worldwide, and many people use them when traveling to access webmail and instant messaging services to keep in touch with family and friends. Apart from travelers, in many developing countries Internet cafés are the primary form of Internet access for citizens as a shared-access model is more affordable than personal ownership of equipment and/or software. A variation on the Internet café business model is the LAN gaming center, used for multiplayer gaming. These cafés have several computer stations connected to a LAN. The connected computers are custom-assembled for gameplay, supporting popular multiplayer games. This is reducing the need for video arcades and arcade games, many of which are being closed down or merged into Internet cafés. The use of Internet cafés for multiplayer gaming is particularly popular in certain areas of Asia like India, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and the Philippines. In some countries, since practically all LAN gaming centers also offer Internet access, the terms net cafe and LAN gaming center have become interchangeable. Again, this shared-access model is more affordable than personal ownership of equipment and/or software, especially since games often require high end and expensive PCs.

text: There are also Internet kiosks, Internet access points in public places like public libraries, airport halls, sometimes just for brief use while standing.

text: Many hotels, resorts, and cruise ships offer Internet access for the convenience of their guests; this can take various forms, such as in-room wireless access, or a web browser that uses the in-room television set for its display (usually in this case the hotel provides a wireless keyboard on the assumption that the guest will use it from the bed), or computer(s) that guests can use, either in the lobby or in a business center. As with telephone service, in the US most mid-price hotels offer Internet access from a computer in the lobby to registered guests without charging an additional fee, while fancier hotels are more likely to charge for the use of a computer in their "business center."

text: For those traveling by road in North America, many truck stops have Internet kiosks, for which a typical charge is around 20 cents per minute.[7]

text: Internet cafés come in a wide range of styles, reflecting their location, main clientele, and sometimes, the social agenda of the proprietors. In the early days they were important in projecting the image of the Internet as a 'cool' phenomenon.

text: Evolution[edit]

text: Internet cafés are a natural evolution of the traditional café. Cafés started as places for information exchange, and have always been used as places to read the paper, send postcards home, play traditional or electronic games, chat to friends, find out local information.

text: As Internet access is in increasing demand, many pubs, bars and cafés have terminals, so the distinction between the Internet café and normal café is eroded. In some, particularly European countries, the number of pure Internet cafés is decreasing since more and more normal cafés offer the same services. However, there are European countries where the total number of publicly accessible terminals is also decreasing. An example of such a country is Germany. The cause of this development is a combination of complicated regulation, relatively high Internet penetration rates, the widespread use of notebooks, tablets and smartphones and the relatively high number of wireless internet hotspots. Many pubs, bars and cafés in Germany offer wireless internet, but no terminals since the Internet café regulations do not apply if no terminal is offered. Additionally, the use of Internet cafés for multiplayer gaming is very difficult in Germany since the Internet café regulations and a second type of regulations which was originally established for video arcade centres applies to this kind of Internet cafés. It is, for example, forbidden for people under the age of 18 to enter such an Internet café, although particularly people under 18 are an important group of customers for this type of Internet café.

text: While most Internet cafés are private businesses many have been set up to help bridge the 'digital divide', providing computer access and training to those without home access. For example, the UK government has supported the setting up of 6000 telecentres.

text: In Asia, gaming is very popular at the Internet cafés. This popularity has helped create a strong demand and a sustainable revenue model for most Internet cafés. With growing popularity, there also comes with this a responsibility as well. In fighting for competitive market share, the Internet cafés have started charging less and hence are adopting alternate means to maximize revenue. This includes selling food, beverages, game and telephone cards to its patrons.

text: By 2010, a variation of the internet café known as a "sweepstakes parlor" had become widespread in certain regions of the United States. These facilities offer entries in a contest to customers who purchase internet usage. The result of the customers' entries are revealed using software installed on the computer terminals, which may simulate the appearance and operation of casino games such as a slot machine. Although meant to resemble it, these sweepstakes and software are designed in such a way that they could legally be considered sweepstakes rather than gambling. Sweepstakes parlors have faced scrutiny by local governments, who have argued that despite arguments claiming otherwise, sweepstakes parlors are a form of illegal gambling, and their patrons are more interested in playing the sweepstakes than actually using their purchased internet time. A large number of these locations have faced raids by officials, while a number of states have enacted laws meant to ban them.[8][9][10]

text: Legal issues[edit]

text: In 2003 the EasyInternetcafé chain was found liable for copyright infringement occurring when customers used its CD-burning service to burn illegally downloaded music to their own CDs.[11]

text: In 2005 Italy began requiring entities such as Internet cafés to collect photocopies of the passports of Internet, phone, or fax-using customers as a result of anti-terrorism legislation passed in July of that year.[12]

text: Venues[edit]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Netcafe opened in St Kilda at the Deluxe Café on April 4, 1995, inspired by the internet café phenomenon that was going on in Seattle. As Australia’s First Internet Café, founders included Gavin Murray, Rita Arrigo and Christopher Beaumont. Direct from London’s Cyberia we were joined by Kathryn Phelps and partnerships with Adam Goudie of Standard Computers for hardware and Michael Bethune from Australia Online, Australia’s First ISP for of course our Internet Access. In 1995 it was delivered via a standard analogue phone line using a 9600 Baud US Robotics Modem.

text: Brazil[edit]

text: In Brazil, the initial concept brought by Monkey Paulista was based on the business model used by Internet cafés in South Korea, since this was the first house LAN to exist in Brazil, inaugurated in São Paulo, starting its activities in 1998. The company closed in 2010. However, just a week later for reasons of bureaucracy, the company Lan Game @ The House[13] was opened and today is the first LAN house of Brazil in activity. Today it is seen as the country as a way to test new technologies and demonstration of games and products.

text: Mainland China[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: According to the "Survey of China Internet Café Industry" by the People's Republic of China Ministry of Culture in 2005, Mainland China has 110,000 Internet cafés, with more than 1,000,000 employees contributing 18,500,000,000 yuan to P.R. China's GDP. More than 70% of Internet café visitors are from 18 to 30 years old. 90% are male, 65% are unmarried, and 54% hold a university degree. More than 70% of visitors play computer games. 20% of China's Internet users go to Internet cafés.

text: Internet cafes allow individuals to go about the Internet anonymous, faster, and cheaper than at home. Large Internet cafes of major cities in China are expensive and heavily regulated by Government officials. Large Internet cafes are used by wealthy elite for business transactions and social gatherings. The majority of Internet cafes are small privately owned cafes comprising 90% of the market. (China Tightening Control, 2003) The majority of Internet cafes are unregistered because they do not meet the requirements of government standards or they do not want to go through the lengthy process of registering. According to Hong and Huang only 200 out of 2,400 cafes are registered in Beijing. The Chinese government is cracking down on the number of unregistered Internet cafes because some users spread propaganda, slander, allow pornography, and allow underage users. Crack downs by Chinese Government Officials banned 17,488 Internet Cafes in 2002 and another 27,000 were banned in 2003. (J. Hong, L. Huang) Internet cafes that are getting closed are being replaced with government approved businesses. These pre-approved businesses monitor patrons’ activities and help the government crackdown on offending users. (Xiao, 2003; Qiu 2003)

text: Milestones:

text:
Before 1995 – An Internet café called 3C+T appeared in Shanghai, probably the first in China. The price was 20 yuan per hour ($2.50 per hour)
1995–1998 – China's Internet cafés proliferate. Playing unconnected games is the main purpose of café users. The average price was 15~20 yuan per hour.
After 2002 – Heavy censorships were imposed, including real-name registration. At the end of 2004, more than 70,000 Internet cafés were closed in a nationwide campaign.
2008 – Microsoft attempts to make Internet cafés profitable in Asia and other emerging markets. After discussions with the governments of these countries, it helps to establish safe Internet cafés.

text: Indonesia[edit]

text: According to APWKomitel[14] (Association of Community Internet Center), there are 5,000 Internet cafés in urban Indonesian cities in 2006 providing computer/printer/scanner rentals, training, PC gaming and Internet access/rental to people without computer or internet access. The website[15] also contains a directory listing some of these warnet/telecenter/gamecenter in Indonesia. In urban areas, the generic name is warnet (or warung internet) and in rural areas the generic name is telecenter. Warnets/netcafes are usually privately owned as bottom-up initiatives, while telecenters in rural villages are typically government or donor-funded as top-down financing. Information on netcafe/warnet in Indonesia can also be found in a book titled: Connected for Development: Indonesian Case study.[16]

text: Currently, no special license is required to operate an Internet café or warnet in Indonesia, except for the ordinary business license applicable to cafes or small shops. Because of hype and poor business planning, many net cafes have closed down. Although the number of Internet cafes are growing, associations such as APWKomitel[17] urge new Internet café owners to do a feasibility study before planning to open an Internet café, and provide a business model called multipurpose community Internet center or "MCI Center"[18] to make the business more sustainable and competitive. Hourly usage rate varies between Rp 2500-15000 ($0,27 - 1,60)

text: Japan[edit]

text: Japan has a strong Internet cafe culture, with most serving a dual purpose as joint Internet-manga cafes. Most chains (like Media Cafe Popeye and Jiyū Kūkan) allow offer customers a variety of seating options, including normal chair, massage chair, couch, and flat mat. Customers are then typically given unlimited access to soft drinks, manga, magazines, Internet, online video games, and online pornography. Most offer food and shower services for an additional fee. In fact, many purchase "night packs" and shower/sleep in the cafes, giving rise to a phenomenon known as "net cafe refugee" or "net cafe homeless".[19]

text: Malaysia[edit]

text: In Malaysia, Internet cafés are popular among teenagers who enjoy gaming. An Internet café is also known as a cybercafe. Some Internet cafés in Malaysia combine the characteristics of a F&B café and an Internet café.[citation needed]

text: Philippines[edit]

text: In the Philippines, Internet cafés or better known as computer shops are found on every street in major cities and there is at least one in most municipalities or towns. There are also Internet cafés in coffee shops and malls. High-end restaurants and fast food chains also provide free broadband to diners. Rates range from P10 ($0.20) on streets, up to P100 ($2) in malls.

text: In some major cities with existing ordinances regulating Internet cafés (e.g. Valenzuela, Marikina, Davao, Lapu-lapu and Zamboanga), students who are below 18 years old are prohibited from playing computer games during regular class hours. Depending on the city, regulations varies on their exact details and implementation.[20] Such city ordinances usually also requires Internet café owners to:

text:
Install filtering software to block adult oriented sites
Prohibit the sales of intoxicating drinks and cigarettes inside their establishment
Allow open view of rented computers (i.e. no closed cubicles)
Front wall panel is 50% transparent to allow a clear view of the interior of the establishment
Adequate lighting both inside and outside of the establishment to allow a clear view of the interior at all times

tag: ol

text: South Korea[edit]

text: In South Korea, Internet cafés are called PC bangs.[21] They are ubiquitous in South Korean cities, numbering over 20,000.[22] PC bangs mostly cater to online game playing for the younger generation. On average and mode, use of a PC bang computer is priced at around 1,000 won per hour (about $0.88 USD).

text: Taiwan[edit]

text: Internet cafés are omnipresent in Taiwan, and especially concentrated in major cities, namely Taipei and Kaohsiung. The Internet café is called a "網咖" (Wǎng kā) in traditional Chinese. The first character literally means "net" and the second character is the first syllable of "café."The rate is consistent at about NT$10~20 in the most part, but prominent districts, such as the Eastern District of Taipei, can charge users up to NT$35 per hour. With the growth of smartphone ownership and free Wi-Fi networks in all major public attractions, the Internet cafés now primarily cater to gamers, and some even provide food and drinks.

text: Vietnam[edit]

text: In Vietnam, many people go to Internet cafés for $0.25 an hour, as it is very cheap for them. Internet café in Vietnamese is "Quán Nét" or "Tiệm Nét". 'Quán', 'Tiệm' mean "store" and 'Nét' means 'Net' (Internet).

text: United States[edit]

text: Reputedly, the first kosher cybercafe was the IDT Cafe in New York City’s diamond district, opened in the spring of 1997.[23][24][25][26][27]

text: India[edit]

text: In India, Internet cafés are used by traveling people and business is declining since the arrival of widespread mobile Internet usage. A set of other services are also offered, such as printing of documents or webpages. Operators also help computer illiterates through some government processes (as a part of e-governance in India ). Low speed of mobile Internet and these services offered by Internet cafés help its survival. In India a positive government ID is compulsory for every cafe users in most states.

text: Kenya[edit]

text: Cybercafes are prevalent in the city of Mombasa, as poverty and unreliable infrastructure do not make personal Internet a viable option for many citizens. The cafes are often combined with a variety of other businesses, such as chemists, manicurists, repair shops, and convenience stores. Video gaming has become particularly profitable in cybercafes in Kenya in recent years.


document_title: The Hoppings

question_text: when does the town moor come to newcastle

root

text: The Hoppings

text: The Hoppings is an annual travelling funfair held on the Town Moor in Newcastle upon Tyne, during the last week in June. It is one of Europe's largest travelling funfairs.[1][2][3]  Its forerunner was The Blaydon Races, which was held in Blaydon.[citation needed]

tag: p

text: Several origins have been suggested for the name, most of which relate to dancing. The word “hopping”, means a dance in Middle English (Old fairs included dancing). Another idea stems from the clothing which the travellers used to wear; that being of old, sack-like tops and pants. Clothing often became infested with fleas from the animals that travelled with the fair. People were often seen “jumping” or “hopping” about itching from the bites which they received. Or the name may derive from the Anglo-Saxon word “hoppen” meaning funfair.

text: The fair began as a Temperance Fair in 1882.[4] It was scheduled to coincide with Race Week at Newcastle Racecourse, during which the Northumberland Plate was awarded.

text: The fair took place at Jesmond Dene from 1914–1918 and returned to the more spacious Town Moor, just north of the city centre, in 1919.[citation needed] There was no Festival on the Moor between 1920 and 1923, but it returned in June 1924, where it continued annually until 1946; a non-Showmen's Guild Fair was held that year but proved to be unpopular.[citation needed] The Guild showmen returned in 1947 and the Hoppings was a success with a record attendance.[citation needed]

text: The Hoppings inspired the song Katie Was There by Eric Boswell which was part of his 1983 musical Katie Mulholland, based on Catherine Cookson's novel, staged by Newcastle Playhouse.

text: In 2013 after a dispute between the Showmen's Guild and Newcastle City Council over pitch and rent terms, alternate fairs were held at Nuns Moor Newcastle upon Tyne and Herrington Country Park, Sunderland.[5][6] Newcastle council held an alternate event  with “broader appeal” which included a funfair held on the Town Moor.[7] The Hoppings returned to the Town Moor in 2014 after the dispute was resolved.[8]


document_title: List of Australian Football League wooden spoons

question_text: who has won the most afl wooden spoons

question_tokens: who has won the most afl wooden spoons

text: Criteria[edit]

text: The team which finishes on the bottom of the ladder wins the wooden spoon. This is determined by:

text:
Fewest premiership points (four points for a win, two points for a draw)
Lowest percentage (the ratio of points for to points against if on same numbers of points)

tag: ul

text: No countback exists if teams finish equal on points but with a different number of wins.

text: From 1901–1907, the VFL season was set up such that each team played fourteen regular season games: two games against each opponent. Based upon regular season ladder positions, teams were divided into pools A (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th) and B (2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th), and each team played the opponents from its pool once each in the "sectional round."

text: Following the sectional round, the results of these matches were added to the ladder to give a final ladder based on seventeen matches per team. As such, the wooden spooner is considered to be the team which finishes last after all seventeen matches.

text: The three sectional games changed the outcome of the wooden spoon twice in the seven seasons of this format: in 1905, St Kilda beat Geelong in their last game, relegating Melbourne to last, and in 1907, Fitzroy won all three of their games, relegating Essendon to last.

text: In the war-time season of 1916, only four teams (Carlton, Collingwood, Fitzroy and Richmond) competed. Fitzroy finished last after the home-and-away season with a record of 2–9–1 (10 pts), and Richmond finished third with a record of 5–7–0 (20 pts).

text: All four teams competed in the finals under the amended Argus system in place at the time. Richmond lost their Semi-Final and finished in overall last place as the lowest placed Semi-Final loser, while Fitzroy won their Semi-Final, the Final and the Grand Final to claim the premiership.

text: There is hence some uncertainty regarding which team should lay claim to the wooden spoon in that season; by analogy with the minor and major premierships, it could be said that Fitzroy won the "minor wooden spoon" and Richmond won the "major wooden spoon".

text: The official AFL season guide recognises Richmond as the wooden spooners for the 1916 VFL season.

text: Records[edit]

text:
St Kilda has won the most wooden spoons of any existing AFL team, with 27; its most recent wooden spoon was in 2014.
Carlton has the longest wooden spoon drought in VFL/AFL history, and was the last of the foundation clubs to win a wooden spoon. Its first wooden spoon came in 2002, the club's 106th season of VFL/AFL competition. Despite this, they currently have the most wooden spoons in the 21st century with four.
Essendon and Collingwood are the only teams to follow up a wooden spoon with a Grand Final appearance, in 1907–08 and 1976–77 respectively. Neither was victorious.
Essendon hold the record for the swiftest rise from wooden spoon to premiership, two seasons: they finished last in 1921 and won back-to-back premierships in 1923-24.
Melbourne and Fitzroy hold the record for the swiftest descent from premiership to wooden spoon, three seasons: Melbourne finished last in 1951 after winning the premiership in 1948, and Fitzroy laid partial claim to the 1916 wooden spoon after winning the premiership in 1913.
St Kilda, Hawthorn, Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney all won the wooden spoon in their inaugural season in the VFL/AFL.
Collingwood in 1976 holds the record for the most wins by a wooden spooner with six.
Thirteen wooden spooners failed to win a match during the season, the most recent being Fitzroy in 1964.
The highest percentage recorded by a wooden spoon team was by South Melbourne, with 91.3% in 1922.
The Adelaide Crows and Port Adelaide are the only teams to not have "won" a wooden spoon.

text: Wooden spoons by season[edit]

text:
Season
Wooden spoon
Wins
Losses
Draws
Percentage
Points

1897
St Kilda
0
14
0
29.1
0

1898
St Kilda
0
14
0
33.5
0

1899
St Kilda
0
14
0
28.0
0

1900
St Kilda
1
13
0
39.1
4

1901
St Kilda
1
16
0
–
4

1902
St Kilda
0
17
0
–
0

1903
South Melbourne
2
15
0
–
8

1904
St Kilda
3
14
0
–
12

1905
Melbourne
3
14
0
–
12

1906
Melbourne
1
16
0
–
4

1907
Essendon
5
12
0
–
20

1908
Geelong
2
16
0
–
8

1909
St Kilda
2
15
0
59.3
8

1910
St Kilda
1
17
0
62.3
4

1911
University
1
17
0
52.1
4

1912
University
1
17
0
57.0
4

1913
University
0
18
0
57.6
0

1914
University
0
18
0
47.0
0

1915
Geelong
3
13
0
68.0
12

1916 Minor
1916 Major
Fitzroy
Richmond
2
5
9
7
1
0
81.6
89.9
10
20

1917
Richmond
3
11
1
–
14

1918
Essendon
3
11
0
64.2
12

1919
Melbourne
0
16
0
43.0
0

1920
St Kilda
2
14
0
57.2
8

1921
Essendon
3
11
2
80.8
16

1922
South Melbourne
4
11
1
91.3
18

1923
Melbourne
3
13
0
80.4
12

1924
St Kilda
4
12
0
75.7
16

1925
Hawthorn
3
14
0
66.1
12

1926
North Melbourne
0
17
1
73.7
2

1927
Hawthorn
1
17
0
63.1
4

1928
Hawthorn
0
18
0
61.6
0

1929
North Melbourne
1
17
0
60.2
4

1930
North Melbourne
1
17
0
51.8
4

1931
North Melbourne
0
18
0
50.8
0

1932
Hawthorn
3
15
0
64.1
12

1933
Essendon
2
16
0
77.1
12

1934
North Melbourne
0
18
0
66.4
0

1935
North Melbourne
1
17
0
65.1
4

1936
Fitzroy
2
16
0
68.9
8

1937
North Melbourne
3
15
0
64.2
12

1938
South Melbourne
2
16
0
71.8
8

1939
South Melbourne
3
15
0
70.8
12

1940
North Melbourne
4
14
0
75.1
16

1941
Hawthorn
3
15
0
68.2
12

1942
Hawthorn
1
14
0
65.6
8

1943
St Kilda
1
8
1
73.9
10

1944
Geelong
1
17
0
58.6
4

1945
St Kilda
2
18
0
62.2
8

1946
Hawthorn
3
16
0
70.5
12

1947
St Kilda
1
17
1
58.7
6

1948
St Kilda
2
17
0
59.9
8

1949
Hawthorn
3
16
0
61.1
12

1950
Hawthorn
0
18
0
49.8
0

1951
Melbourne
1
17
0
70.5
4

1952
St Kilda
2
17
0
68.1
8

1953
Hawthorn
3
15
0
68.5
12

1954
St Kilda
4
13
1
72.7
18

1955
St Kilda
1
17
0
45.4
4

1956
North Melbourne
3
16
0
69.5
12

1957
Geelong
5
12
1
88.2
22

1958
Geelong
4
14
0
73.8
16

1959
Footscray
3
15
0
73.3
12

1960
Richmond
2
14
2
65.1
12

1961
North Melbourne
4
13
1
79.1
18

1962
South Melbourne
3
15
0
74.4
12

1963
Fitzroy
1
17
0
57.5
4

1964
Fitzroy
0
18
0
59.7
0

1965
Hawthorn
4
14
0
68.9
16

1966
Fitzroy
1
17
0
53.8
4

1967
Footscray
4
14
0
71.8
16

1968
North Melbourne
3
17
0
74.3
12

1969
Melbourne
3
17
0
83.1
12

1970
North Melbourne
4
18
0
79.1
16

1971
South Melbourne
3
19
0
69.9
12

1972
North Melbourne
1
21
0
62.9
4

1973
South Melbourne
4
18
0
79.0
16

1974
Melbourne
3
19
0
77.1
12

1975
South Melbourne
2
20
0
75.0
8

1976
Collingwood
6
16
0
86.4
24

1977
St Kilda
3
17
2
73.5
16

1978
Melbourne
5
17
0
69.1
20

1979
St Kilda
3
19
0
65.0
12

1980
Fitzroy
4
17
1
86.0
18

1981
Melbourne
1
21
0
63.5
4

1982
Footscray
3
19
0
68.1
12

1983
St Kilda
5
17
0
79
20

1984
St Kilda
5
17
0
76
20

1985
St Kilda
3
19
0
64.7
12

1986
St Kilda
2
20
0
71.9
8

1987
Richmond
5
17
0
83
20

1988
St Kilda
4
18
0
82
16

1989
Richmond
5
17
0
71
20

1990
Brisbane Bears
4
18
0
71
16

1991
Brisbane Bears
3
19
0
70
12

1992
Sydney
3
18
1
74
14

1993
Sydney
1
19
0
63
4

1994
Sydney
4
18
0
78
16

1995
Fitzroy
2
20
0
58.2
8

1996
Fitzroy
1
21
0
49.5
4

1997
Melbourne
4
18
0
60.8
16

1998
Brisbane Lions
5
16
1
75
22

1999
Collingwood
4
18
0
84.8
16

2000
St Kilda
2
19
1
70.5
10

2001
Fremantle
2
20
0
72.0
8

2002
Carlton
3
19
0
73.1
12

2003
Western Bulldogs
3
18
1
74.8
14

2004
Richmond
4
18
0
69.2
16

2005
Carlton
4
17
1
75.5
18

2006
Carlton
3
18
1
74.2
14

2007
Richmond
3
18
1
77.2
14

2008
Melbourne
3
19
0
62.6
12

2009
Melbourne
4
18
0
74.7
16

2010
West Coast
4
18
0
77.1
16

2011
Gold Coast
3
19
0
56.27
12

2012
Greater Western Sydney
2
20
0
46.17
8

2013
Greater Western Sydney
1
21
0
50.97
4

2014
St Kilda
4
18
0
60.8
16

2015
Carlton
4
18
0
64.8
16

2016
Essendon
3
19
0
61
12

2017
Brisbane Lions
5
17
0
74.3
20

tag: table

text: Wooden spoon tally[edit]

text:
Club
Total
Wooden
Spoons
Years of Wooden Spoon

St Kilda

27

1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1904, 1909, 1910, 1920, 1924, 1943, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 2000, 2014

North Melbourne

13

1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1940, 1956, 1961, 1968, 1970, 1972

Melbourne

12

1905, 1906, 1919, 1923, 1951, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1981, 1997, 2008, 2009

Hawthorn

11

1925, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1965

South Melbourne/Sydney

11

1903, 1922, 1938, 1939, 1962, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1992, 1993, 1994

Fitzroy

8*

1916*, 1936, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1980, 1995, 1996

Richmond

7*

1916*, 1917, 1960, 1987, 1989, 2004, 2007

Geelong

5

1908, 1915, 1944, 1957, 1958

Essendon

5

1907, 1918, 1921, 1933, 2016

University

4

1911, 1912, 1913, 1914

Footscray/Western Bulldogs

4

1959, 1967, 1982, 2003

Carlton

4

2002, 2005, 2006, 2015

Brisbane Bears

2

1990, 1991

Brisbane Lions

2

1998, 2017

Collingwood

2

1976, 1999

Greater Western Sydney

2

2012, 2013

Fremantle

1

2001

West Coast Eagles

1

2010

Gold Coast

1

2011

Port Adelaide

0

N/A

Adelaide

0

N/A

text: current clubs are shown in bold

text: * See 1916 explanation above

text: Longest wooden spoon droughts[edit]

text:
Club
Time period
Years

Carlton
1897–2002
105

Essendon
1933–2016
83

Collingwood
1897–1976
79

Geelong
1958–present
59

Hawthorn
1965–present
52

North Melbourne
1972–present
45

Richmond
1917–1960
43

Fitzroy
1897–19361
39

Footscray
1925–1959
34

text: 1 See discussion on 1916 wooden spoon.

text: AFL Women's[edit]

text:
Season
Wooden spoon
Wins
Losses
Draws
Percentage
Points

2017
Greater Western Sydney
1
5
1
51.8
6


document_title: List of House of Cards episodes

question_text: how many episides in season 5 house of cards

text: List of House of Cards episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

1
13
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)

2
13
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)

3
13
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)

4
13
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)

5
13
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

1
1
"Chapter 1"
David Fincher
Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-101

2
2
"Chapter 2"
David Fincher
Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-102

3
3
"Chapter 3"
James Foley
Keith Huff and Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-103

4
4
"Chapter 4"
James Foley
Rick Cleveland and Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-104

5
5
"Chapter 5"
Joel Schumacher
Sarah Treem
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-105

6
6
"Chapter 6"
Joel Schumacher
Sam Forman
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-106

7
7
"Chapter 7"
Charles McDougall
Kate Barnow and Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-107

8
8
"Chapter 8"
Charles McDougall
Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-108

9
9
"Chapter 9"
James Foley
Beau Willimon and Rick Cleveland
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-109

10
10
"Chapter 10"
Carl Franklin
Sarah Treem
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-110

11
11
"Chapter 11"
Carl Franklin
Keith Huff and Kate Barnow and Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-111

12
12
"Chapter 12"
Allen Coulter
Gina Gionfriddo and Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-112

13
13
"Chapter 13"
Allen Coulter
Beau Willimon
February 1, 2013 (2013-02-01)
HOC-113

text: Season 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

14
1
"Chapter 14"
Carl Franklin
Beau Willimon
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-201

15
2
"Chapter 15"
Carl Franklin
Beau Willimon
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-202

16
3
"Chapter 16"
James Foley
Bill Cain
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-203

17
4
"Chapter 17"
James Foley
Laura Eason
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-204

18
5
"Chapter 18"
John Coles
Kenneth Lin
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-205

19
6
"Chapter 19"
John Coles
John Mankiewicz
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-206

20
7
"Chapter 20"
James Foley
Bill Kennedy
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-207

21
8
"Chapter 21"
James Foley
David Manson
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-208

22
9
"Chapter 22"
Jodie Foster
Beau Willimon
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-209

23
10
"Chapter 23"
Robin Wright
Laura Eason and Beau Willimon
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-210

24
11
"Chapter 24"
John Coles
John Mankiewicz and Beau Willimon
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-211

25
12
"Chapter 25"
James Foley
Beau Willimon
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-212

26
13
"Chapter 26"
James Foley
Beau Willimon
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
HOC-213

text: Season 3 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

27
1
"Chapter 27"
John David Coles
Beau Willimon
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-301

28
2
"Chapter 28"
John David Coles
John Mankiewicz
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-302

29
3
"Chapter 29"
Tucker Gates
Frank Pugliese
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-303

30
4
"Chapter 30"
Tucker Gates
Laura Eason
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-304

31
5
"Chapter 31"
James Foley
Kenneth Lin
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-305

32
6
"Chapter 32"
James Foley
Melissa James Gibson
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-306

33
7
"Chapter 33"
John Dahl
Beau Willimon
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-307

34
8
"Chapter 34"
John Dahl
Bill Kennedy
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-308

35
9
"Chapter 35"
Robin Wright
John Mankiewicz
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-309

36
10
"Chapter 36"
Agnieszka Holland
Frank Pugliese
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-310

37
11
"Chapter 37"
Agnieszka Holland
Melissa James Gibson
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-311

38
12
"Chapter 38"
Robin Wright
Beau Willimon
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-312

39
13
"Chapter 39"
James Foley
Beau Willimon
February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27)
HOC-313

text: Season 4 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

40
1
"Chapter 40"
Tucker Gates
Beau Willimon
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-401

41
2
"Chapter 41"
Tucker Gates
Melissa James Gibson
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-402

42
3
"Chapter 42"
Robin Wright
Frank Pugliese
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-403

43
4
"Chapter 43"
Robin Wright
John Mankiewicz
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-404

44
5
"Chapter 44"
Tom Shankland
Melissa James Gibson
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-405

45
6
"Chapter 45"
Tom Shankland
Laura Eason
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-406

46
7
"Chapter 46"
Tom Shankland
Bill Kennedy
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-407

47
8
"Chapter 47"
Alex Graves
John Mankiewicz
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-408

48
9
"Chapter 48"
Robin Wright
Frank Pugliese
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-409

49
10
"Chapter 49"
Robin Wright
Melissa James Gibson and Kenneth Lin
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-410

50
11
"Chapter 50"
Kari Skogland
Tian Jun Gu
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-411

51
12
"Chapter 51"
Jakob Verbruggen
Laura Eason and Bill Kennedy
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-412

52
13
"Chapter 52"
Jakob Verbruggen
Beau Willimon
March 4, 2016 (2016-03-04)
HOC-413

text: Season 5 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

53
1
"Chapter 53"
Daniel Minahan
Frank Pugliese
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-501

54
2
"Chapter 54"
Daniel Minahan
Melissa James Gibson
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-502

55
3
"Chapter 55"
Alik Sakharov
John Mankiewicz
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-503

56
4
"Chapter 56"
Alik Sakharov
Kenneth Lin
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-504

57
5
"Chapter 57"
Michael Morris
Laura Eason
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-505

58
6
"Chapter 58"
Michael Morris
Bill Kennedy
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-506

59
7
"Chapter 59"
Alik Sakharov
Tian Jun Gu
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-507

60
8
"Chapter 60"
Roxann Dawson
John Mankiewicz
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-508

61
9
"Chapter 61"
Roxann Dawson
Bill Kennedy
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-509

62
10
"Chapter 62"
Agnieszka Holland
Kenneth Lin
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-510

63
11
"Chapter 63"
Agnieszka Holland
Laura Eason
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-511

64
12
"Chapter 64"
Robin Wright
Frank Pugliese & Melissa James Gibson
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-512

65
13
"Chapter 65"
Robin Wright
Melissa James Gibson & Frank Pugliese
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-513


document_title: The Hate U Give (film)

question_text: who plays chris in the hate u give

question_tokens: who plays chris in the hate u give

text: The Hate U Give (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Starr Carter is constantly switching between two worlds: the poor, mostly black, neighborhood where she lives and the rich, mostly white, prep school she attends. The uneasy balance between these worlds is shattered when Starr witnesses the fatal shooting of her childhood best friend Khalil at the hands of a police officer. Now, facing pressures from all sides of the community, Starr must find her voice and stand up for what's right.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Amandla Stenberg as Starr Carter[2]
Regina Hall as Lisa Carter, Starr's mother[3]
Russell Hornsby as Maverick Carter, Starr's father
Common [4] as Uncle Carlos Carter, Lisa's brother, Starr’s uncle and a police officer
Lamar Johnson as Seven Carter, Starr's older half-brother[5]
TJ Wright as Sekani Carter, Starr's younger brother
Issa Rae as April Ofrah, an activist that helps Starr find her voice and speak up.[6]
KJ Apa as Chris, Starr's boyfriend[7]
Sabrina Carpenter as Hailey, one of Starr’s friends from her prep school.[8]
Anthony Mackie as King, a local drug dealer, Kenya's father[9]
Karan Kendrick as Iesha, Seven and Kenya’s Mom
Algee Smith as Khalil, Starr's childhood best friend[10]
Dominique Fishback as Kenya, Seven's half-sister
Megan Lawless as Maya, one of Starr's friends from her prep school.
Tony Vaughn as Mr. Lewis, a shop owner in Starr's neighborhood. His shop is next to Maverick's.

text: Production[edit]

text: On March 23, 2017, it was announced that Amandla Stenberg would star as Starr Carter in the film based on the novel The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas, which George Tillman Jr. would direct from a screenplay by Audrey Wells, while producers would be Marty Bowen and Wyck Godfrey through State Street Pictures and Temple Hill Entertainment.[2] On August 1, 2017, Russell Hornsby and Lamar Johnson were cast in the film to play Maverick Carter, Starr's dad, and Seven Carter, Starr's brother, respectively.[5] On August 3, Regina Hall was cast in the film to play Lisa Carter, Starr's mom, and on August 15, Algee Smith joined the film to play Khalil, Starr's childhood best friend.[3][10] On August 22, it was reported that Common had joined the cast to play Starr's uncle as a police officer.[4]

text: On August 23, 2017, Issa Rae was cast in the film to play April, the social activist who helps Starr find her voice and speak up, and on the next day Sabrina Carpenter also joined the film to play Hailey, one of Starr's friends from her school.[6][8] On September 12, Anthony Mackie and Kian Lawley joined the film to play the local drug dealer King, and Starr's boyfriend, Chris, respectively.[9]

text: Principal photography on the film began on September 12, 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia.[9][11]

text: On February 5, 2018, it was announced that Kian Lawley had been fired from the film due to a resurfaced video showing Lawley using racially offensive slurs, resulting in his role to be recast and scenes reshot.[12] On April 3, 2018, it was announced that KJ Apa had been cast to replace Lawley.[7]


document_title: Bat Masterson (TV series)

question_text: who sang the theme song to bat masterson

text: Bat Masterson (TV series)

text: Overview[edit]

text: The show took a tongue-in-cheek outlook, with Barry's Masterson often dressed in expensive Eastern clothing and preferring to use his cane rather than a gun to get himself out of trouble, hence the nickname "Bat". Masterson was also portrayed as a ladies' man who traveled the West looking for women and adventure.

text: The black derby, fancy vest, black jacket, and elegant cane were his trademarks. Miniaturized versions were marketed to children as tie-in products during the run of the show.[1]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Gene Barry as Bat Masterson (108 episodes)
Allison Hayes as Ellie Winters (7 episodes)
Allen Jaffe as Belligerent Drunk (7 episodes)
Ken Drake as Burdette (6 episodes)
Troy Melton as Government Agent (6 episodes)

text: Guest cast[edit]

text: Bat Masterson guest stars included the character actor Robert F. Simon, who appeared as Harrison Whitney in the episode "Death by Decree", and Richard Eastham, who appeared in the 1961 episode "A Lesson in Violence". Stephanie Powers appeared in 1961 episode named "Dead Man's Claim" (using the name Taffy Paul) as Ann, the daughter of the Boarding House owner. George Macready appeared as Clyde Richards in the 1961 episode "Tempest at Tioga Pass". Quintin Sondergaard appeared in various roles on the series five times between 1958 and 1961. Dan Sheridan was cast as Joe Rankin in the 1959 episode "Election Day".

text: Yvonne Lime Fedderson was cast as Lola White in the 1960 episode "The Snare". Ron Hayes appeared four times in the role of Wyatt Earp. Gary Vinson appeared as Billy Thompson in the 1958 episode "A Noose Fits Anybody". Tyler McVey appeared from 1958 to 1961 in different roles in three episodes ("Dynamite Blows Two Ways", "Incident at Fort Bowie", and "Dead Man's Claim"). Ron Foster (1960) appeared twice as Toby Dawson in "Six Feet of Gold" and as Sheriff Buck Simpson in "Jeopardy at Jackson Hole" (1961). James Coburn also appeared in "Six Feet of Gold". Tom Greenway guest starred twice, as Charlie in "Buffalo Kill" (1959) and as Ben Pick in "Dagger Dance" (1961). Brett King appeared four times, beginning with the role of Hub Elliott in "License to Cheat" (1959); Douglas Kennedy was cast as Sheriff Jeb Crater in that same episode. William Tannen was cast in four episodes of Bat Masterson.

text: Diane Brewster, also known as second-grade teacher "Miss Canfield" in Leave It to Beaver and as gambler "Samantha Crawford" in Maverick opposite James Garner as well as in a single episode of Cheyenne, played the role of Miss Lynn Harrison in the 2-part episode "The Conspiracy" (1959). Kevin Hagen appeared as Ace Williams in "The Fourth Man" (1961). Lon Chaney, Jr., played the role of Rance Fletcher in "Bat Trap" (1961).

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The series was loosely based on Richard O'Connor's 1957 biography of Masterson.[2] This was highlighted by the book's front cover being shown at the end of the closing credits with an onscreen notation "based on".

text: From 1955 to 1959, Mason Alan Dinehart played a 20-something Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes of the ABC/Desilu western series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, starring Hugh O'Brian as the frontier peace officer Wyatt Earp. Dinehart left the series, and Barry was hence cast as a 40-something Masterson in a separate series on a different network. In the year 1958-1959 both actors were featured in the role of Masterson.[3]

text: The theme song was sung by Bill Lee, a member of the Mellomen.

text: Barry went on to star in Burke's Law, a detective series set in modern-day Los Angeles, as well as The Name of the Game.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: The series consisted of three seasons and 107 episodes:

text: Season 1 (37 episodes)[edit]

text:
Ep #
Title
Airdate

1
"Double Showdown"
October 8, 1958

2
"Two Graves for Swan Valley"
October 15, 1958

3
"Dynamite Blows Two Ways"
October 22, 1958

4
"Stampede at Tent City"
(with James Best and William Conrad)
October 29, 1958

5
"The Fighter"
(with Marie Windsor and Robert J. Wilke)
November 5, 1958

6
"Bear Bait"
November 12, 1958

7
"A Noose Fits Anybody"
November 19, 1958

8
"Dude's Folly"
November 26, 1958

9
"The Treasure of Worry Hill"
(with Ross Martin)
December 3, 1958

10
"Cheyenne Club"
December 17, 1958

11
"Sherman's March Through Dodge City"
December 24, 1958

12
"Trail Pirate"
December 31, 1958

13
"Double Trouble in Trinidad"
January 7, 1959

14
"Election Day"
January 14, 1959

15
"One Bullet from Broken Bow"
January 21, 1959

16
"A Personal Matter"
January 8, 1959

17
"License to Cheat"
February 4, 1959

18
"Sharpshooter"
February 11, 1959

19
"River Boat"
February 18, 1959

20
"Battle of the Pass"
February 25, 1959

21
"Marked Deck"
March 11, 1959

22
"Incident in Leadville"
March 18, 1959

23
"The Tumbleweed Wagon"
March 25, 1959

24
"Brunette Bombshell"
April 1, 1959

25
"Deadline"
April 8, 1959

26
"A Matter of Honor"
with John Vivyan
April 22, 1959

27
"Man of Action"
April 29, 1959

28
"Lottery of Death"
May 13, 1959

29
"The Death of Bat Masterson"
May 20, 1959

30
"The Secret is Death"
May 27, 1959

31
"Promised Land"
June 10, 1959

32
"The Conspiracy: Part 1"
June 17, 1959

33
"The Conspiracy: Part 2"
June 24, 1959

34
"The Black Pearls"
July 1, 1959

35
"The Desert Ship"
July 15, 1959

36
"The Romany Knives"
July 22, 1959

37
"Buffalo Kill"
July 29, 1959

text: Season 2 (37 episodes)[edit]

text:
Ep #
Title
Airdate

1
"To the Manner Born"
October 1, 1959

2
"Wanted -- Dead"
October 15, 1959

3
"No Funeral for Thorn"
October 22, 1959

4
"Shakedown at St. Joe"
October 29, 1959

5
"Lady Luck"
November 5, 1959

6
"Who'll Bury My Violence?"
November 12, 1959

7
"Dead Men Don't Pay Debts"
November 19, 1959

8
"Death and Taxes"
November 26, 1959

9
"Bat Plays a Dead Man's Hand"
December 3, 1959

10
"Garrison Finish"
December 10, 1959

11
"The Canvas and the Cane"
December 17, 1959

12
"The Inner Circle"
December 31, 1959

13
"The Pied Piper of Dodge City"
January 7, 1960

14
"A Picture of Death"
January 14, 1960

15
"Pigeon and Hawk"
January 21, 1960

16
"Flume to the Mother Lode"
January 28, 1960

17
"Death by the Half Dozen"
February 4, 1960

18
"Deadly Diamonds"
February 11, 1960

19
"Mr. Fourpaws"
February 18, 1960

20
"Six Feet of Gold"
February 25, 1960

21
"Cattle and Cane"
March 3, 1960

22
"The Disappearance of Bat Masterson"
March 10, 1960

23
"The Snare"
March 17, 1960

24
"Three Bullets for Bat"
March 24, 1960

25
"The Reluctant Witness"
March 31, 1960

26
"Come Out Fighting"
April 7, 1960

27
"Stage to Nowhere"
April 14, 1960

28
"Incident at Fort Bowie"
April 21, 1960

29
"Masterson's Arcadia Club"
April 28, 1960

30
"Welcome to Paradise"
May 5, 1960

31
"A Grave Situation"
May 12, 1960

32
"Gold Is Where You Steal It"
May 19, 1960

33
"Wanted -- Alive Please"
May 26, 1960

34
"The Elusive Baguette"
June 2, 1960

35
"The Big Gamble"
June 16, 1960

36
"Blood on the Money" with Walter Coy
June 23, 1960

37
"Barbary Castle"
July 1, 1960

text: Season 3 (34 episodes)[edit]

text:
Ep #
Title
Airdate

1
"Debt of Honor"
September 29, 1960

2
"Law of the Land"
October 6, 1960

3
"Bat Trap"
October 13, 1960

4
"The Rage of Princess Ann"
October 20, 1960

5
"The Hunter"
with guest star John Vivyan
October 27, 1960

6
"Murder Can Be Dangerous"
November 3, 1960

7
"High Card Loses"
November 10, 1960

8
"Dakota Showdown "
November 17, 1960

9
"The Last of the Night Raiders"
November 24, 1960

10
"Last Stop to Austin"
December 1, 1960

11
"A Time to Die"
December 15, 1960

12
"Death by Decree"
December 22, 1960

13
"The Lady Plays Her Hand"
December 29, 1960

14
"Tempest at Tioga Pass"
January 5, 1961

15
"The Court Martial of Major Mars"
January 19, 1961

16
"The Price of Paradise"
January 19, 1961

17
"End of the Line"
January 26, 1961

18
"The Prescott Campaign"
February 2, 1961

19
"Bullwhacker's Bounty"
February 16, 1961

20
"A Lesson in Violence"
February 23, 1961

21
"Run for Your Money"
March 2, 1961

22
"Terror on the Trinity"
March 9, 1961

23
"Episode in Eden"
March 16, 1961

24
"The Good and the Bad"
March 23, 1961

25
"No Amnesty for Death"
(with DeForest Kelley)
March 30, 1961

26
"Ledger of Guilt"
April 6, 1961

27
"Meeting at Mimbres"
April 13, 1961

28
"Dagger Dance"
April 20, 1961

29
"The Fourth Man"
April 27, 1961

30
"Dead Man's Claim"
May 4, 1961

31
"The Marble Slab"
May 11, 1961

32
"Farmer with a Badge"
May 18, 1961

33
"The Fatal Garment"
May 25, 1961

34
"Jeopardy at Jackson Hole"
June 1, 1961

text: Spin-offs and remakes[edit]

text: Guns of Paradise (1990)[edit]

text: Barry recreated the role of Bat Masterson in an episode of the television series Guns of Paradise (1990), alongside Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp.

text: The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw (1991)[edit]

text: In The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw (1991) Barry played Masterson, also with O'Brian as Earp, as well as Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick and Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie.[4]

text: Home Media[edit]

text: TGG Direct released seasons the first and second seasons on DVD in Region 1 on January 29, 2013.[5][6] The third and final season was released on November 5, 2013.[7] Due to licensing issues, the episode Terror on the Trinity is not included.

text: In other media[edit]

text: Comics[edit]

text: Dell Comics issued nine issues of a quarterly Bat Masterson comic book between Aug./Oct. 1959 and Nov. 1961/Jan. 1962 with the initial issue a Four Color tryout (#1013).[8] Columbia Features syndicated a comic strip from September 7, 1959 to April 1960 written by Ed Herron and drawn by Howard Nostrand (Sept. 1959–Dec. 1959) and Bob Powell (Dec. 1959–April 1960).[9] Notably Nostrand was assisted (on backgrounds) by Neal Adams who had just graduated from the School of Industrial Arts; it was among his first professional art jobs.[10]


document_title: In-flight entertainment

question_text: what airline was the first to offer in-flight movies to their 1st class passengers

text: In-flight entertainment

text: History[edit]

text: The first in-flight movie was in 1921 on Aeromarine Airways showing a film called Howdy Chicago to its passengers as the amphibious airplane flew around Chicago.[3] The film The Lost World was shown to passengers of an Imperial Airways flight in April 1925 between London (Croydon Airport) and Paris.[4]

text: Eleven years later in 1932, the first in-flight television called 'media event' was shown on a Western Air Express Fokker F.10 aircraft.[3]

text: The post-WWII British Bristol Brabazon airliner was initially specified with a 37-seat cinema within its huge fuselage; this was later reduced to a 23-seat cinema sharing the rear of the aircraft with a lounge and cocktail bar. The aircraft never entered service.[5]

text: However, it was not until the 1960s that in-flight entertainment (other than reading, sitting in a lounge and talking, or looking out the window) was becoming mainstream and popular. In 1961, David Flexer of Inflight Motion Pictures developed the 16mm film system using a 25-inch reel for a wide variety of commercial aircraft. Capable of holding the entire film, and mounted horizontally to maximize space, this replaced the previous 30-inch-diameter film reels. In 1961, TWA committed to Flexer's technology and was first to debut a feature film in flight.[3] Interviewed by the New Yorker in 1962, Mr Flexner said, "an awful lot of ingenuity has gone into this thing, which started from my simply thinking one day, in flight, that air travel is both the most advanced form of transportation and the most boring.”[6] Amerlon Productions, a subsidiary of Inflight, produced at least one film, Deadlier Than the Male, specifically for use on airplanes.

text: In 1963, AVID Airline Products developed and manufactured the first pneumatic headset used on board the airlines and provided these early headsets to TWA. These early systems consisted of in-seat audio that could be heard with hollow tube headphones.[3] In 1979 pneumatic headsets were replaced by electronic headsets. The electronic headsets were initially available only on selected flights and premium cabins whereas economy class still had to make do with the old pneumatic headsets.[citation needed] In the United States, the last airline to offer pneumatic headphones was Delta Air Lines, which switched to electronic headphones in 2003, despite the fact that all Delta aircraft equipped with in-flight entertainment since the Boeing 767-200 have included jacks for electronic headphones.

text: Throughout the early to mid-1960s, some in-flight movies were played back from videotape, using early compact transistorized videotape recorders made by Sony (such as the SV-201 and PV-201) and Ampex (such as the VR-660 and VR-1500), and played back on CRT monitors mounted on the upper sides in the cabin above the passenger seats with several monitors placed a few seats apart from each other. The audio was played back through the headsets.

text: In 1971, TRANSCOM developed the 8mm film cassette. Flight attendants could now change movies in-flight and add short subject programming.

text: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, CRT-based projectors began to appear on newer widebody aircraft, such as the Boeing 767. These used LaserDiscs or video cassettes for playback. Some airlines upgraded the old film IFE systems to the CRT-based systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s on some of their older widebodies. In 1985, Avicom introduced the first audio player system, based on the Philips Tape Cassette technology. In 1988, the Airvision company introduced the first in-seat audio/video on-demand systems using 2.7 inches (69 mm) LCD technology for Northwest Airlines.[citation needed] The trials, which were run by Northwest Airlines on its Boeing 747 fleet, received overwhelmingly positive passenger reaction. As a result, this completely replaced the CRT technology.[citation needed]

text: Today, in-flight entertainment is offered as an option on almost all wide body aircraft, while some narrow body aircraft are not equipped with any form of In-flight entertainment at all. This is mainly due to the aircraft storage and weight limits. The Boeing 757 was the first narrow body aircraft to widely feature both audio and video In-flight entertainment and today it is rare to find a Boeing 757 without an In-flight entertainment system. Most Boeing 757s feature ceiling-mounted CRT screens, although some newer 757s may feature drop-down LCDs or audio-video on demand systems in the back of each seat. Many Airbus A320 series and Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft are also equipped with drop-down LCD screens. Some airlines, such as WestJet, United Airlines, and Delta Air Lines, have equipped some narrow body aircraft with personal video screens at every seat. Others, such as Air Canada and JetBlue, have even equipped some regional jets with AVOD.

text: For the introduction of personal TVs onboard jetBlue, company management tracked that lavatory queuing went far down. They originally had two planes, one with functioning IFE and one with none, the functioning one later was called "the happy plane".[7]

text: System safety and regulation[edit]

text: One major obstacle in creating an in-flight entertainment system is system safety. With the sometimes miles of wiring involved, voltage leaks and arcing become a problem. This is of more than theoretical concern. The IFE system was implicated in the crash of Swissair Flight 111 in 1998. To contain any possible issues, the in-flight entertainment system is typically isolated from the main systems of the aircraft. In the United States, for a product to be considered safe and reliable, it must be certified by the FAA and pass all of the applicable requirements found in the Federal Aviation Regulations. The concerning section, or title, dealing with the aviation industry and the electronic systems embedded in the aircraft, is CFR title 14 part 25. Contained inside Part 25 are rules relating to the aircraft's electronic system.[8]

text: There are two major sections of the FAA"s airworthiness regulations that regulate flight entertainment systems and their safety in transport category aircraft: 14 CFR 25.1301 which approves the electronic equipment for installation and use, by assuring that the system in question is properly labeled, and that its design is appropriate to its intended function.[9] 14 CFR 25.1309 states that the electrical equipment must not alter the safety or functionality of the aircraft upon the result of a failure.[10] One way for the intended IFE system to meet this regulatory requirement is for it to be independent from the aircraft's main power source and processor. By separating the power supplies and data links from that of the aircraft's performance processor, in the event of a failure the system is self-sustained, and can not alter the functionality of the aircraft. Upon a showing of compliance to all of the applicable U.S. regulations the in-flight entertainment system is capable of being approved in the United States. Certain U.S. design approvals for IFE may be directly accepted in other countries, or may be capable of being validated, under existing bilateral airworthiness safety agreements.

text: Cost efficiency[edit]

text: The companies involved are in a constant battle to cut costs of production, without cutting the system's quality and compatibility. Cutting production costs may be achieved by anything from altering the housing for personal televisions, to reducing the amount of embedded software in the in-flight entertainment processor. Difficulties with cost are also present with the customers, or airlines, looking to purchase in-flight entertainment systems. Most in-flight entertainment systems are purchased by existing airlines as an upgrade package to an existing fleet of aircraft. This cost can be anywhere from $2 million to $5 million for a plane to be equipped with a set of seat back LCD monitors and an embedded IFE system.[11] Some of the IFE systems are being purchased already installed in a new aircraft, such as the Airbus A320,[12] which eliminates the possibility of having upgrade difficulties. Some airlines are passing the cost directly into the customers ticket price, while some are charging a user fee based on an individual customers use. Some are also attempting to get a majority of the cost paid for by advertisements on, around, and in their IFE.

text: The largest international airlines sometimes pay more than $90,000 for a licence to show one movie over a period of two or three months. These airlines usually feature up to 100 movies at once, whereas 20 years ago they would have only 10 or 12. In the United States, airlines pay a flat fee every time the movie is watched by a passenger. Some airlines spend up to $20 million per year on content.[13]

text: Software reliability[edit]

text: Software for In-flight entertainment systems should be aesthetically pleasing, reliable, compatible, and also must be user friendly. These restrictions account for expensive engineering of individually specific software. In-flight entertainment equipment is often touch screen sensitive, allowing interaction between each seat in the aircraft and the flight attendants, which is wireless in some systems.[citation needed] Along with a complete aircraft intranet to deal with, the software of the in-flight entertainment system must be reliable when communicating to and from the main In-flight entertainment processor. These additional requirements not only place an additional strain on the software engineers, but also on the price. Programming errors can slip through the testing phases of the software and cause problems.[14]

text: Varieties of in-flight entertainment[edit]

text: Moving-map systems[edit]

text: A moving-map system is a real-time flight information video channel broadcast through to cabin project/video screens and personal televisions (PTVs). In addition to displaying a map that illustrates the position and direction of the plane, the system gives the altitude, airspeed, outside air temperature, distance to the destination, distance from the origination point, and local time. The moving-map system information is derived in real time from the aircraft's flight computer systems.[15]

text: The first moving-map system designed for passengers was named Airshow and introduced in 1982.[16] It was invented by Airshow Inc (ASINC), a small southern California corporation, which later became part of Rockwell Collins. KLM and Swissair were the first airlines to offer the moving map systems to their passengers.

text: The latest versions of moving-maps offered by IFE manufacturers include AdonisOne IFE, ICARUS Moving Map Systems, Airshow 4200 by Rockwell Collins, iXplor2 by Panasonic Avionics and JetMap HD by Honeywell Aerospace. In 2013, Betria Interactive unveiled FlightPath3D, a fully interactive moving-map that enables passengers to zoom and pan around a 3D world map using touch gestures, similar to Google Earth.[17] FlightPath3D was chosen by Norwegian as the moving-map on their new fleet of Boeing 787 Dreamliners, running on Panasonic's Android based touch-screen IFE system.[18]

text: After the attempted Christmas Day bombing of 2009, the United States Transportation Security Administration (TSA) briefly ordered the live-map shut-off on international flights landing in the United States. Some airlines complained that doing so may compel the entire IFE system to remain shut. After complaints from airlines and passengers alike, these restrictions were eased.

text: Audio entertainment[edit]

text: Audio entertainment covers music, as well as news, information, and comedy. Most music channels are pre-recorded and feature their own DJs to provide chatter, song introductions, and interviews with artists. In addition, there is sometimes a channel devoted to the plane's radio communications, allowing passengers to listen in on the pilot's in-flight conversations with other planes and ground stations.

text: In audio-video on demand (AVOD) systems, software such as MusicMatch is used to select music off the music server. Phillips Music Server is one of the most widely used servers running under Windows Media Center used to control AVOD systems.

text: This form of in-flight entertainment is experienced through headphones that are distributed to the passengers. The headphone plugs are usually only compatible with the audio socket on the passenger's armrest (and vice versa), and some airlines may charge a small fee to obtain a pair. The headphones provided can also be used for the viewing of personal televisions.

text: In-flight entertainment systems have been made compatible with XM Satellite Radio and with iPods, allowing passengers to access their accounts or bring their own music, along with offering libraries of full audio CDs from an assortment of artists.[19]

text: Video entertainment[edit]

text: Video entertainment is provided via a large video screen at the front of a cabin section, as well as smaller monitors situated every few rows above the aisles. Sound is supplied via the same headphones as those distributed for audio entertainment.

text: However, personal televisions (PTVs) for every passenger provide passengers with channels broadcasting new and classic films, as well as comedies, news, sports programming, documentaries, children's shows, and drama series. Some airlines also present news and current affairs programming, which are often pre-recorded and delivered in the early morning before flights commence.

text: PTVs are operated via an In flight Management System which stores pre-recorded channels on a central server and streams them to PTV equipped seats during flight. AVOD systems store individual programs separately, allowing a passenger to have a specific program streamed to them privately, and be able to control the playback.

text: Some airlines also provide video games as part of the video entertainment system. For example, Singapore Airlines passengers on some flights have access to a number of Super Nintendo games as part of its KrisWorld entertainment system. Also Virgin America's and V Australia's new RED Entertainment System offers passengers internet gaming over a Linux-based operating system.[20]

text: Personal televisions[edit]

text: Some airlines have now installed personal televisions (otherwise known as PTVs) for every passenger on most long-haul routes. These televisions are usually located in the seat-backs or tucked away in the armrests for front row seats and first class. Some show direct broadcast satellite television which enables passengers to view live TV broadcasts. Some airlines also offer video games using PTV equipment. Fewer still provide closed captioning for deaf and hard-of-hearing passengers.

text: Audio-video on demand (AVOD) entertainment has also been introduced. This enables passengers to pause, rewind, fast-forward, or stop a program that they have been watching. This is in contrast to older entertainment systems where no interactivity is provided for. AVOD also allows the passengers to choose among movies stored in the aircraft computer system.

text: In addition to the personal televisions that are installed in the seatbacks, a new portable media player (PMP) revolution is under way.[when?] There are two types available: commercial off the shelf (COTS) based players and proprietary players. PMPs can be handed out and collected by the cabin crew, or can be "semi-embedded" into the seatback or seat arm. In both of these scenarios, the PMP can pop in and out of an enclosure built into the seat, or an arm enclosure. An advantage of PMPs is that, unlike seatback PTVs, equipment boxes for the inflight entertainment system do not need to be installed under the seats, since those boxes increase the weight of the aircraft and impede legroom.

text: In-flight movies[edit]

text: Personal on-demand videos are stored in an aircraft's main in-flight entertainment system, from whence they can be viewed on demand by a passenger over the aircraft's built in media server and wireless broadcast system. Along with the on-demand concept comes the ability for the user to pause, rewind, fast forward, or jump to any point in the movie. There are also movies that are shown throughout the aircraft at one time, often on shared overhead screens or a screen in the front of the cabin. More modern aircraft are now allowing Personal Electronic Devices (PED's) to be used to connect to the on board in-flight entertainment systems.[citation needed]

text: Regularly scheduled in flight movies began to premiere in 1961 on flights from New York to Los Angeles.[21]

text: Closed-captioning[edit]

text: Closed captioning technology for deaf and hard-of-hearing passengers started in 2008 with Emirates Airlines. The captions are text streamed along with video and spoken audio and enables passengers to either enable or disable the subtitle/caption language. Closed captioning is capable of streaming various text languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Spanish, and Russian. The technology is currently based on Scenarist file multiplexing so far; however, portable media players tend to use alternative technologies. A WAEA technical committee is trying to standardize the closed caption specification. In 2009, the US Department of Transportation ruled a compulsory use of captions of all videos, DVDs, and other audio-visual displays played for safety and/or informational purposes in aircraft should be high-contrast captioned (e.g., white letters on a consistent black background [14 CFR Part 382/ RIN 2105–AD41 /OST Docket No. 2006–23999]). As of 2013, several airlines, including

text:
United Airlines,[22]
Qantas[23]
Southwest[24]
and Emirates,[25]

text: have closed-captioning provided on their AVOD systems.

text: In-flight games[edit]

text: Video games are another emerging facet of in-flight entertainment. Some game systems are networked to allow interactive playing by multiple passengers. Later generations of IFE games began to shift focus from pure entertainment to learning. The best examples of this changing trend are the popular trivia game series and the Berlitz Word Traveler that allows passengers to learn a new language in their own language. Appearing as a mixture of lessons and mini games, passengers can learn the basics of a new language while being entertained. Many more learning applications continue to appear in the IFE market.

text: Islamic prayers and directions to Mecca[edit]

text: In several airlines from the Muslim world the AVOD systems provide Qibla directions to allow Muslims to pray toward Mecca (e.g. Emirates, Etihad, Malaysia Airlines, Qatar Airways, Royal Jordanian and Saudia); Malaysia Airlines has built-in Qur'an e-books and Garuda Indonesia has a unique Qur'an channel.

text: Several Islamic airlines may also switch to a pre-flight Qur'an prayer prior to taking off, like Egypt Air, Etihad, Jazeera Airways, Kuwait Airways, Pakistan International Airlines, Royal Brunei, and Saudia.

text: In-flight connectivity[edit]

text: In recent years, IFE has been expanded to include in-flight connectivity—services such as Internet browsing, text messaging, cell phone usage (where permitted), and emailing. In fact, some in the airline industry have begun referring to the entire in-flight-entertainment category as "IFEC" (In-Flight Entertainment and Connectivity or In-Flight Entertainment and Communication).

text: The airline manufacturer Boeing entered into the in-flight-connectivity industry in 2000 and 2001 with an offshoot called Connexion by Boeing. The service was designed to provide in-flight broadband service to commercial airlines; Boeing built partnerships with United Airlines, Delta, and American. By 2006, however, the company announced it was closing down its Connexion operation. Industry analysts cited technology, weight, and cost issues as making the service unfeasible at the time. The Connexion hardware that needed to be installed on an aircraft, for example, weighed nearly 1,000 pounds (450 kg), which added more "drag" (a force working against the forward movement of the plane) and weight than was tolerable for the airlines.

text: Since the shuttering of Connexion by Boeing, several new providers have emerged to deliver in-flight broadband to airlines—notably Row 44, OnAir and AeroMobile (who offer satellite-based solutions), and Aircell (which offers air-to-ground connectivity via a cellular signal).

text: In the past few years, many US commercial airlines have begun testing and deploying in-flight connectivity for their passengers, such as Alaska Airlines, American, Delta, and United. Industry expectations were that by the end of 2011, thousands of planes flying in the US will offer some form of in-flight broadband to passengers. Airlines around the world are also beginning to test in-flight-broadband offerings as well.

text: Satellite and internal telephony[edit]

text: Some airlines provide satellite telephones integrated into their system. These are either found at strategic locations in the aircraft or integrated into the passenger remote control used for the individual in-flight entertainment. Passengers can use their credit card to make phone calls anywhere on the ground. A rate close to US$10.00/minute is usually charged regardless of where the recipient is located and a connection fee may be applied even if the recipient does not answer. These systems are usually not capable of receiving incoming calls. There are also some aircraft that allow faxes to be sent and the rate is usually the same as the call rate, but at a per page rate. Some systems also allow the transmission of SMS.

text: More modern systems allow passengers to call fellow passengers located in another seat by simply keying in the recipient's seat number.

text: Data communication[edit]

text: IFE producers have begun to introduce Intranet type systems. Virgin America's and V Australia's RED Entertainment System allows for passengers to chat amongst one another, compete against each other in the provided games, talk to the flight attendants and request, and pay for in advance, food or drinks, and have full access to the internet and email.

text: Wi-Fi[edit]

text: Several airlines are testing in-cabin wi-fi systems.[26] In-flight internet service is provided either through a satellite network or an air-to-ground network.[27] In the Airbus A380 aircraft, data communication via satellite system allows passengers to connect to live Internet from the individual IFE units or their laptops via the in-flight Wi-Fi access.[28]

text: Boeing's cancellation of the Connexion by Boeing system in 2006 caused concerns that inflight internet would not be available on next-generation aircraft such as Qantas' fleet of Airbus A380s and Boeing Dreamliner 787s. However, Qantas announced in July 2007 that all service classes in its fleet of A380s would have wireless internet access as well as seat-back access to email and cached web browsing when the Airbuses started operations in October 2008. Certain elements were also retrofitted into existing Boeing 747-400s.[29]

text: Sixteen major U.S. airlines now offer Wi-Fi connectivity service on their aircraft. The majority of these airlines use the service provided by Gogo Wi-Fi service. The service allows for Wi-Fi enabled devices to connect to the Internet. Delta currently has the most Wi-Fi equipped fleet with 500 aircraft that now offer in-flight Wi-Fi.[30]

text: Mobile phone[edit]

text: As a general rule, mobile phone use while airborne is usually not just prohibited by the carrier but also by regulatory agencies in the relevant jurisdiction (e.g. FAA and FCC in the US). However, with added technology, some carriers nonetheless allow the use of mobile phones on selected routes.

text: Emirates became the first airline to allow mobile phones to be used during flight. Using the systems supplied by telecom company AeroMobile, Emirates launched the service commercially on 20 March 2008.[31] Installed first on an Airbus A340-300, AeroMobile is presently operating on Emirates A340, A330, and B777 aircraft.[32] Emirates planned to roll out the system over their entire fleet by 2010.

text: Ryanair had previously aimed to become the first airline to enable mobile phone usage in the air, but instead ended up launching its system commercially in February 2009.[33] The system is set up on 22 737-800 jets based at Dublin Airport and was fitted on Ryanair's 200+ fleet off 737-800 jets by 2010.

text: OnAir offers inflight mobile connectivity to a range of airlines through its GSM network. The GSM network connects to the ground infrastructure via an Inmarsat SwiftBroadband satellite which provides consistent global coverage.

text: Brands[edit]

text: Most airlines have their own brand for its in-flight entertainment system to differentiate themselves. Amongst them are:

text:
Air Astana: KCTV (AVOD on Boeing 767 and select 757, streaming on select Airbus A320, and AOD on all aircraft)
Air Canada: enRoute (AVOD), including its Air Canada enRoute Film Festival; GoGo (Wi-Fi) only on specific flights/destinations
Air France: AIRFRANCE touch (AVOD, on some Boeing B777-200ER and Boeing B777-300ER fitted with "Best and Beyond" product); other aircraft fitted with normal AVOD.
Air New Zealand: KiaOra (AVOD); Kupe (New AVOD)
All Nippon Airways: ANA Sky Channel (AVOD)
American Airlines: ON (AVOD, non AVOD, Overhead)
Asiana Airlines: Asiana Entertainment (New AVOD), Asiana In-flight Entertainment World (AVOD)
Batik Air: all planes
British Airways: High Life Entertainment (AVOD)
Cathay Pacific: StudioCX (AVOD) On all aircraft
China Southern Airlines: CSAir (AVOD and Overhead on Short, Mid and Long Haul Routes)
China Airlines: Fantasy Sky (AVOD)
Delta Air Lines: Delta Studio (AVOD); Delta on Air (Overhead) as well as GoGo WiFi on all long haul aircraft
Emirates: Ice Digital Widescreen and Ice (AVOD); Emirates TV&Radio (non AVOD)
Etihad Airways: E-Box (AVOD)
EVA Air: Sky Gallery (AVOD, non-AVOD, overhead)
Garuda Indonesia: Stars [AVOD, non-AVOD and overhead]
Hawaiian Airlines: Pau Hana Network (AVOD)
Japan Airlines: JAL Mooove! Magic 3 (AVOD) on B777-200ER and B767-300ER. Magic 4 (AVOD) on B737-700. Magic 5 (AVOD) on Boeing 777, B767-300ER and B787 Magic 6 (New AVOD) on Boeing 777 |B777-300ER]] and Boeing 787-8
Jet Airways : JetScreen (AVOD) Domestic & International
Jetblue Airways: Plus TV (Channel 41) Jetblue Features (Channels 38, 39, and 40) (All on PTVs)
Korean Air: Sky Program I (AVOD), Sky Program II (AVOD), Sky Program III (AVOD), Red Program (Drop Down Screen)
KLM: KLM's interactive entertainment system (AVOD)
Lufthansa: Lufthansa Media World (AVOD, non AVOD and Overhead)
Mango (airline): MangoTv (non-AVOD), drop down and bulkhead screens all Boeing 737-800's *All Mango (airline) aircraft are 737-800
Malaysia Airlines: Select (AVOD) on all aircraft.
Malindo Air: on all Boeing 737s
Middle East Airlines: enRoute (AVOD); GoGo(Wi-Fi)
LAN Airlines: IN (AVOD)
Philippine Airlines: Flights of Fancy (AVOD, non AVOD, Overhead), myPAL eSuite(AVOD)
Pakistan International Airline: Bulk screens, digital systems.
Qantas: on:Q (iQ and Total Entertainment System: AVOD, On:Q PTV: non AVOD, On:Q Mainscreen: Overhead *On A330-300 and selected A330-200 aircraft, AVOD is used for domestic flights.)
Qatar Airways: Oryx Entertainment (PTV AVOD; Dropdown, and Bulkhead screens)
Royal Brunei Airlines : Impian (In-Seat AVOD : all widebody aircraft)
Royal Jordanian : SiT from ZodiacAerospace (In-Seat AVOD : Airbus A340-200)
Singapore Airlines: KrisWorld (New KrisWorld and Wiseman 3000: AVOD)
South African Airways: AirScape (AVOD: Airbus A340-600 and A340-300. Non AVOD: Airbus A319, Boeing 737-800, Airbus A340-200.)
TAM Airlines: TAM Nas Nuvens (AVOD in all long haul airplanes, except economy class in Boeing 767-300ER. Overheads in some Airbus A320, Airbus A321)
Thai Airways International: Vision (AVOD, non AVOD and Overhead)
Turkish Airlines Planet (AVOD,Overhead and Non AVOD)
United Airlines: United Private Screening (AVOD, non-AVOD, Overhead), DirecTV on United (Satellite TV on pre-merger Continental aircraft)
US Airways (defunct): Overture Interactive (AVOD: Airbus A330-200, Airbus A330-300 and in Envoy class on Boeing 767-200ER, Boeing 757-200), Overture (Overhead), US Airways Hub (Gogo vision WIFI streaming)
Vietnam Airlines: LOTUSTAR (AVOD) on all wide body aircraft
Virgin America: Red (AVOD)
Virgin Atlantic Airways: VERA Touch and VERA On Demand (AVOD) ; VERA Reel (non AVOD)
Virgin Australia: Red (AVOD) Selected Airbus A330-200s & all Boeing 777-300ERs
Westjet