document_title: Ian Gallagher

question_text: how old is ian from shameless season 1

question_tokens: how old is ian from shameless season 1

text: Ian Gallagher

text: UK version[edit]

text:
Ian Gallagher

Shameless character

Portrayed by
Gerard Kearns

Duration
2004–2010

First appearance
13 January 2004
Series 1 Episode 1
"Meet the Gallaghers"

Last appearance
11 May 2010
Series 7 Episode 16
"Gang Wars"

Created by
Paul Abbott

Classification
Former; regular

[show]Family

Father
Gary Bennett

Mother
Monica Gallagher

Adoptive father
Frank Gallagher

Half-brothers
Lip Gallagher
Carl Gallagher
Liam Gallagher
Sean Bennett

Half-sisters
Fiona Gallagher
Debbie Gallagher
Stella Gallagher

Grandmothers
Joan Dallimore

Nieces
Katie Maguire

text: Fictional biography[edit]

text: Ian Gallagher is the third oldest Gallagher sibling and is aged 15 at the beginning of the first series in 2004. He is the son of Monica Gallagher (Annabelle Apsion) and Gary Bennett, revealed when his blood group was found to be incompatible with the rest of his siblings'. His half-brothers are Phillip "Lip" Gallagher (Jody Latham), Carl Gallagher (Elliott Tittensor), Liam Gallagher (Johnny Bennett) and Sean Bennett, and his half-sisters are Fiona Gallagher (Anne-Marie Duff), Debbie Gallagher (Rebecca Ryan), and Stella Gallagher (Nikita Brownlee). He has one niece, Katie Maguire, who is the daughter of Lip. He used to work at The Jockey as a barman but in more recent series his employment, if he has any, has not been shown.

text: In the early series, Ian is depicted as closest to his brother Lip, with whom he shares a room, and is initially the only member of his family to know that he was gay. The brothers often have to look out for each other more than any of the other characters, due to being party to each other's secrets. In later series, all the family, except his adoptive father Frank Gallagher (David Threlfall), are aware of his sexuality.

text: Ian often identifies as gay, having various relationships with older men throughout the first four or five series. Kash Karib (Chris Bisson) is to date his only long-term boyfriend, though he has a brief relationship with Sean Bennett, and an ongoing friendship, sometimes sexual, with Micky Maguire (Ciarán Griffiths). Because he is unaware of his parentage at the time, Ian also unknowingly sleeps with his half-brother. Ian sees Sean at their biological father's funeral and later tells the truth to Sean, who wants to keep seeing Ian, but eventually agrees that they can not ignore their familial relationship. Beginning in the fourth series, Ian has a number of relationships with women. He repeatedly has sex with a girl he is briefly hiding in his home for her protection, but when she asks him to leave with her, he declines, knowing a relationship would not work. He has a relationship of convenience with Mandy Maguire (Samantha Siddall), to protect his secret, which nearly turns sexual when they're both at a low point, but they fumble about until Ian decides it's a bad idea. In the seventh series, Ian begins a serious relationship with Maxine Donnelly (Joanna Higson). When Maxine's brother, Bruce (Philip Hill-Pearson) asks if their being in a relationship means Ian is now "bisexual", Ian pauses, before saying he just believes he has found the right person.

text: Due to Gerard Kearns' break to work on a film,[1] Ian leaves in the first episode of the sixth series after suffering amnesia after being struck by a car. He is seen in episode two in a clip of him partying abroad and appears on webcam in later episodes. He returns in the seventh episode; this features the debut of Danny, a deaf teenager whom Ian unwittingly transports back to the UK in the boot of his car. Ian now lives in the house of Danny's deceased grandfather, which was leased to him by Danny's aunt, Pegg, in gratitude for looking after him. Danny and Pegg later move to Spain.

text: In Series 7 in 2010, it appears Ian has remained at Danny's old address and has accepted Micky as a tenant. Ian supports Carl's girlfriend, Maxine, when she decides to have an abortion and break up with Carl. Maxine moves in with Ian and Micky. The situation becomes complicated when Maxine asks Ian to pose as her boyfriend to impress her parents. Ian and Maxine begin to develop feelings for each other and have sex. Micky sees them and tries to convince Ian he should not be with a woman, but Ian says the labels don't matter, he wants to be with Maxine. This leads to a major falling out with Micky, who feels betrayed. Micky tells Carl, who then beats up Ian in the toilets at The Jockey. In spite of the remaining tensions, Ian and Maxine become a couple.

text: Even with the lingering animosity from Carl and Micky, Ian and Maxine are happy but they are thrown into turmoil when Carl, along with Chesney Karib (Qasim Akhtar), runs away after being accused of murder. Ian is initially not bothered with Carl's absence, and is more concerned at just how concerned Maxine is over Carl. When Ian and Maxine are in The Jockey, Maxine confronts Jimmy, whom everyone knows is the killer. As Ian looks on, Jimmy's sister hits Maxine over the head with a pool cue. Ian feels ashamed that he let Maxine fight the battle on her own and in spite of her reassurances, he begins to believe that she would have been better off with Carl. To try to prove his worth, Ian attempts to tape a confession from Jimmy, but Jimmy sees through his plan and savagely beats him. Ian begins to further withdraw and is unable to have sex with Maxine; during the time they do spend together, he becomes more paranoid about her feelings every time she mentions Carl. Carl's name is soon cleared and he attempts to make amends with Ian, but Ian isn't interested. He again accuses Maxine of wanting to be with Carl, to which she tells Ian she just doesn't want to be with him. In spite of this conflict, Ian and Maxine still have strong feelings for each other, and Carl convinces Maxine that she and Ian belong together. Ian shows up at hospital soon after Carl and Maxine talk, and he and Maxine smile at each other, and they reconcile.

text: In the finale of Series 7, Ian and Maxine were returning home after a night out, when they are accosted by a rough whom attempts to mug them. But they fight back and overpower the thug, and drag him back unconscious to their house. The thug turns out to be a hireling of Roscoe, a Moss Side-based crime lord. After hours of deciding what to do with him, Maxine overhears a conversation where Ian admits that he would "rather fuck him than kill him". This seems to be the end of the relationship, as Ian's sexuality may might turn out to be the source of future infidelities. When Ian prepares himself to kill the thug, Maxine and he find that he escaped from his bonds while they were conversing. Ian is seen later with a backpack, apparently leaving Chatsworth. It is not stated whether it is because he is leaving Maxine or if it is to avoid retribution by Roscoe's gang. He happens to bump into Karen Maguire (Rebecca Atkinson), as she and the abusive Joe Pritchard (Ben Batt) are about to leave Chatsworth themselves. After witnessing Joe's abusive treatment of Karen, Ian stows away in the boot of Joe's car. After Joe begins to strangle Karen, Ian kills him and makes his exit from the show to dispose of the body.

text: In a later episode in Series 8, Carl is shown to get a "Happy Birthday" text from Ian. In the final ever episode, it is revealed that Ian is now engaged to a transsexual. In the UK version, Ian appeared in 80 episodes overall.

text: Sexuality[edit]

text: Ian's sexuality has been open for debate. He is depicted as gay for the first three seasons, but from the fourth series on-wards he is shown to have had several sexual relationships with women. His longest and possibly most meaningful relationship with a woman is with Maxine, but she feels his sexual interest in men will get in the way of furthering their relationship. When asked if he is bisexual, Ian does not answer the question directly, simply saying that he has found the "right person".

text: Development[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2011)

text: Ian's character is distilled from several sources in series creator Paul Abbott's life, including a gay nephew who is not out to the rest of his family. Ian's relationship with Kash is based on a similar affair that Abbott had with a grocer's wife when he was 14, with the adult's gender switched for Ian's story.[2]

text: U.S. version[edit]

text:
Ian Clayton Gallagher

Cameron Monaghan as Ian Gallagher

Shameless character

Portrayed by
Cameron Monaghan

Duration
2011—

First appearance
"Pilot" (January 9, 2011)

Created by
Paul Abbott

Profile

Occupation
Student
Convenience store clerk
Stripper
EMT

[show]Family

Parents
Frank Gallagher (adoptive father/paternal uncle
Monica Gallagher (Mother)
Fiona Gallagher (Sister/Guardian)
Lip Gallagher (Brother)
Debbie Gallagher (Sister)
Carl Gallagher (Brother)
Liam Gallagher (Brother)
Mickey Milkovich (Boyfriend)

text: Fictional biography[edit]

text: Ian Gallagher was born in 1996, the product of a PCP-fueled affair between his mother Monica and Clayton Gallagher, Frank's brother, in the summer of 1995. Monica conceals knowledge of this affair from the Gallagher family, leaving them to believe that Ian is Frank's son. The truth is uncovered when Ian undergoes DNA testing in hopes of proving that Frank is not his biological father.[3] Ian feels that Frank resents him, feelings that Ian's sister Fiona attributes to Ian's looking most like Monica of all of the children.[4]

text: Ian is highly orderly and disciplined, traits that are attributed to his membership in his school's Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps.[4] He is an excellent marksman.[3]

text: Ian is gay and closeted. When his older brother Lip discovers a cache of gay pornography in the room they share, he first confronts Ian with it and then sets Ian up to receive oral sex from Karen Jackson, a neighbor whom Lip tutors. When Karen confirms that Ian was unaroused by her ministrations, Lip comes to accept his brother and becomes Ian's trusted confidant.[4]

text: When the series opens, Ian is involved in a sexual relationship with Kash, owner of the Kash and Grab, the neighborhood convenience store where Ian works.[4] Kash, a Muslim, is married to Linda, a white woman who converted to marry him, and has two children with her. Usually Ian and Kash have sex in the storeroom, but one weekend when Linda and the children are out of town Kash brings Ian to their home. Upon seeing the reality of Kash's life with his family, Ian balks at having sex with him.[5]

text: Ian's schoolmate Mandy Milkovich expresses a sexual interest in him. When he does not reciprocate, she tells her brothers that Ian raped her. After evading them, he comes out to Mandy, who not only calls off her brothers but suggests that she be his sham girlfriend to deflect any questions about his sexuality.[6]

text: Ian continues his affair with Kash but Linda, who has installed security cameras in response to rampant shoplifting at the store, catches them in the act on tape. Surprisingly, she does not mind if the affair continues but demands that Kash impregnate her before he has sex with Ian again. Meanwhile, Mickey Milkovich, one of Mandy's brothers and an aggressive shoplifter who has been terrorizing Kash, steals the gun kept in the store for protection. Ian confronts Mickey at his home, determined to retrieve it. In the ensuing altercation the pair realize their attraction and have sex.[7] They maintain the sexual relationship although Mickey denies any emotional attraction to Ian; Ian cools off his relationship with Kash. Eventually Kash catches the two having sex in the store and, in response, shoots Mickey in the leg and has him arrested following Mickey's brazen theft of a candy bar.[8]

text: Following the news of Ian's parentage, Lip encourages him to find his biological father. Upon visiting "Grammy", Frank's mother, who is incarcerated on charges relating to two deaths in a meth lab explosion, Ian and Lip learn that Frank has three brothers, Clayton, Jerry and Wyatt. Wyatt, however, is eliminated from consideration because he lost his testicles while serving in the Navy. Jerry, who turns out to be Frank's twin, refuses to speak to the boys. Clayton closely resembles Ian and the boys assume he is Ian's father. Lip suggests that the affluent Clayton would make a better father than Frank but Ian insists that Frank is his father and Lip and the rest of his siblings are his family, where he belongs.[9]

text: Season 1 closes with Ian's arrest and release after being stopped with Lip in a car stolen by Fiona's boyfriend Steve. He tells Fiona that he's gay and Fiona claims she already knows.[10]

text: Season two opens the following Summer. Ian still works at the Kash and Grab but his physical relationship with Kash is apparently over. It definitely ends when Kash, who can no longer reconcile being gay and being married, leaves. Ian is no longer interested in the Marines, setting the goal of obtaining admission to West Point. He does not have good enough grades so Lip offers tutoring.[11] Although willing to help him, Lip is opposed to Ian's joining the military to "fight for a country that thinks you're one of God's mistakes";[12] A colonel whom Lip knows through a contact at a local university leaves a West Point application with Ian, who is chagrinned to learn the officer thinks Lip is the interested party. This leads to a physical confrontation between the brothers,[13] and they refuse to communicate with each other until Grammy, recently released from prison for medical reasons, convinces them to have another fight. After a short battle Ian confesses that he feels like he is trapped in Lip's shadow. He and Lip reconcile.[14]

text: Mickey is released from juvenile detention and he and Ian resume their relationship. Mickey starts working security at the Kash and Grab.[15] Frank catches the boys having sex in the cooler and Mickey, fearing that his father will kill him should Frank tell what he saw, resolves to kill Frank. After stalking him for several days, Mickey changes his mind and assaults a police officer instead, violating his parole and returning him to juvenile detention.[16]

text: Monica Gallagher returns home following the death of Frank's mother, Grammy. While home she tells Ian that Frank told her about seeing him with Mickey and that he should be proud of who and what he is. She takes him to his first gay bar. The next day Ian, depressed over a poor math test score, allows Monica to take him to a local enlistment center to join the Army. He is refused because he has not graduated high school. The following morning Ian is attacked in his kitchen by Terry Milkovich, father of Ian's sham girlfriend Mandy, because he believes Ian has gotten her pregnant.[17]

text: Ian spends the next few days avoiding Terry but it becomes increasingly more difficult. Lip suggests they plant Grammy's old gun in the Milkovich home; this will violate Terry's parole and, if the gun is tied to a murder, could get him incarcerated for life. They break in and discover Terry already has several guns; they plant theirs anyway. Terry catches them. Lip escapes but Terry corners Ian and is about to shoot him when Mandy, brandishing a rifle, orders him to stop. Terry already knows that he himself is the father. Mandy later explains that when Terry drinks he sometimes mistakes her for her deceased mother but insists "it's no big deal". Ian helps raise funds for an abortion.[18]

text: The night before Thanksgiving Ian returns to the gay bar. He is picked up by an older gentleman who calls himself Ned; they spend the night together.[19] A few days later at Fiona's insistence her on again-off again boyfriend Jimmy arranges a dinner for the Gallaghers and his family. Ian is shocked to learn that "Ned" is really Lloyd, Jimmy's father, who sends repeated text messages to Ian suggesting they get together again. Ian tries to tell Fiona several times but is interrupted when Frank shoves him against the wall out of anger for Monica leaving. Ian is saved when Jimmy's wife Estafania hits him over the head with a frying pan.[20]

text: The third season takes place several months after the incident with Frank. Ian is still trying to improve his chances of getting into West Point, while helping with the financial stability of the family. He also now has regular contact with Lloyd, which has turned into somewhat of a friends-with-benefits relationship. When Mickey returns, Ian feels confused over whether Mickey actually likes him or not, especially after he has sex with a girl from their neighborhood.[21] He later realizes that Mickey cares about him when he follows him and Lloyd to a gay bar. Lloyd later asks Ian if he could break into his house to steal back his things since his soon-to-be ex-wife changed to locks. He enlists Mickey and a couple of his friends to do it, but when Mickey asks Ian why he likes Lloyd, he says it's because he isn't afraid to kiss him. Right before Mickey goes into Lloyd's house for the heist, he kisses Ian for the first time. When Ian and the rest of the Gallagher children are taken away by child protective services, Mickey lets him stay at his house since his father Terry was away on an extended hunting trip. Terry ends up coming home early and catches Mickey and Ian having sex. He beats both of them, and forces Ian to watch Mickey have sex with a prostitute. Afterwards, Mickey goes to great lengths to avoid Ian. Eventually Mickey marries the prostitute but he and Ian have sex on Mickey's wedding day. The season closes with Ian using brother Lip's identification to join the military.

text: Several weeks elapse between seasons three and four and no one hears from Ian in that time. Lip receives a visit from two Military Police officers who inform him that Ian is wanted for attempting to steal a helicopter and other military equipment and being absent without leave. He denies knowing Ian but he and Debbie track him to a gay bar called the White Swallow where Ian is tending bar.[22]

text: Mickey finds Ian passed out at another bar, Fairy Tails, and brings him to the Milkovich home.[23] After Mickey's wife Svetlana threatens him Ian moves back home.[24] Mickey and Ian launch a criminal enterprise, robbing closeted gay men and threaten to out them if they report the crime.[25] Following his manic behavior throughout the season, Ian ends up laid up in bed in a deep depression, worrying his family that he has inherited Monica's bipolar disorder. Mickey insists that he can take care of him, but Ian runs away with Mickey and Svetlana's baby, leading to his arrest and ultimately being voluntarily committed. [26]

text: Development[edit]

text: Ian has been described as "the anti-Kurt Hummel".[27] Actor Monaghan said he was drawn to the role because "[i]t’s one of those really intricate, multi-layered characters, with all this inner struggle going on."[27] He believes that Ian is different from other contemporary gay teenage characters on American television because he does not conform to any gay stereotypes and because of the character's blend of positive traits. "He’s smart and he’s tough and he's brave and he’s really caring and responsible—and I think that’s not always shown in one character."[28]

text: At a 2011 Television Critics Association panel, executive producer John Wells stated that with Cameron Monaghan's having turned 18 the series would be able to explore Ian's sexuality in ways that had previously been barred by federal law.[29]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Several critics have praised Ian's dynamic with Lip. Reviewing the pilot episode, Sarah Hughes of The Independent wrote that their relationship was a highlight of the UK series, and proved just as effective in the US adaptation. She additionally commended Monaghan's portrayal for providing "one of the more nuanced depictions of a gay teenager to be seen on US TV."[30] In a generally unfavorable review of the series, Variety's Brian Lowry assessed that "what little soul it possesses" is derived from the Ian–Lip relationship.[31] Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe called Monaghan "extraordinary", and wrote: "The moments when Lip confronts Ian about his sexuality are remarkably honest and refreshing, as they each slowly realize they don't need to play out predictably hostile roles."[32] In contrast, Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times opined that their relationship "borders on treacle".[33] The gay-interest media outlet AfterElton.com cited Monaghan's portrayal of Ian in naming him a "breakout actor" for 2011.[34] In 2014, Hollywood.com named Ian Gallagher in their list of "Favorite LGBTQ Characters on TV".[35]


document_title: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)

question_text: when did harry potter and the sorcerer's stone start filming

question_tokens: when did harry potter and the sorcerer 's stone start filming

root

text: Plot[edit]

text: Albus Dumbledore, Minerva McGonagall, and Rubeus Hagrid, professors of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, deliver an orphaned infant named Harry Potter to his only remaining relatives, the Dursleys. Ten years later, Harry has been battling a disjointed life with the Dursleys, inadvertently causing an accident during a family outing, and begins receiving unsolicited letters by owls. Finally, Hagrid re-appears and Harry learns he is actually a wizard, and has been accepted into Hogwarts, against the Dursleys' wishes. After taking Harry to Diagon Alley to buy his supplies for Hogwarts including a uniform, a wand and a pet owl named Hedwig (as a birthday present), Hagrid informs him of his past; Harry is the orphaned son of two wizards who met their demise at the hands of Lord Voldemort, a malevolent, all-powerful wizard, by a Killing Curse, with Harry being the only survivor in the chaos thus, leading to his fame in the wizarding world as "The Boy Who Lived". Harry is then taken to King's Cross station to board a train to the school.

tag: p

text: While on the train, Harry meets Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. He also encounters Draco Malfoy, a spoiled child from a wealthy wizarding family, who eventually becomes Harry's biggest rival. At school, the students assemble in the Great Hall, where Harry and all the other first-year students are sorted by The Sorting Hat between four houses: Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, and Slytherin. Harry is placed into Gryffindor alongside Ron and Hermione.

text: At Hogwarts, Harry begins learning wizardry and discovers more about his past and his parents. Harry is also recruited for Gryffindor's Quidditch team as a Seeker, which is rare for first-year students. While exploring the school one night, Harry and his friends discover a giant three-headed dog named Fluffy in a restricted area of the school. They later find out Fluffy is guarding the Philosopher's Stone, an object that can be used to grant its owner immortality. Harry suspects that potions teacher Severus Snape is trying to obtain the stone in order to return Voldemort to physical form. The children learn from Hagrid that Fluffy will fall asleep if played with music. Harry, Ron, and Hermione decide to try and find the stone before Snape does, but discover that Fluffy is already asleep. They get past Fluffy and face a series of safeguards, which include surviving a deadly plant known as Devil's Snare, a room filled with aggressive flying keys, and a dangerous life-sized game of chess.

text: After getting past the tasks, Harry discovers that it was Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher Professor Quirrell who was trying to claim the stone, and that Snape was protecting Harry all along. Quirrell removes his turban and reveals a weak Voldemort to be living on the back of his head. Through an enchantment placed by Professor Dumbledore, Harry finds himself in possession of the stone. Voldemort attempts to convince Harry to give him the stone by promising to bring his parents back from the dead.  When Harry refuses, Quirrell attacks, but Harry's touch burns Quirrell's skin and reduces him to dust, killing him. When Harry gets back up, Voldemort's spirit rises from Quirrell's ashes and passes through Harry, knocking him unconscious.

text: Harry wakes up in the school's hospital wing with Dumbledore at his side. Dumbledore explains that the stone has been destroyed and that Ron and Hermione are both fine. Dumbledore also reveals how Harry was able to defeat Quirrell; when Harry's mother died to save him, her death gave Harry a love-based protection against Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione are rewarded with house points for their heroic performances, tying them for first place with Slytherin. However, Neville Longbottom is awarded 10 points for attempting to stop his friends, giving Gryffindor enough points to win the House Cup. Harry returns home for the summer, happy to finally have a real home in Hogwarts.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Rowling insisted that the cast be kept British.[7] Susie Figgis was appointed as casting director, working with both Columbus and Rowling in auditioning the lead roles of Harry, Ron and Hermione.[8] Open casting calls were held for the main three roles,[9] with only British children being considered.[10] The principal auditions took place in three parts, with those auditioning having to read a page from the novel, then to improvise a scene of the students' arrival at Hogwarts, and finally to read several pages from the script in front of Columbus.[10] Scenes from Columbus' script for the 1985 film Young Sherlock Holmes were also used in auditions.[11] On 11 July 2000, Figgis left the production, complaining that Columbus did not consider any of the thousands of children they had auditioned "worthy".[11] On 8 August 2000, the virtually unknown Daniel Radcliffe and newcomers Rupert Grint and Emma Watson were selected to play Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, respectively.[12]

text:
Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, an 11-year-old orphan raised by his unwelcoming aunt and uncle, who learns of his own fame as a wizard known to have survived his parents' murder at the hands of the psychopathic dark wizard Lord Voldemort as an infant when he is accepted to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Columbus had wanted Radcliffe for the role since he saw him in the BBC's production of David Copperfield, before the open casting sessions had taken place, but had been told by Figgis that Radcliffe's protective parents would not allow their son to take the part.[13] Columbus explained that his persistence in giving Radcliffe the role was responsible for Figgis' resignation.[13] Radcliffe was asked to audition in 2000, when Heyman and Kloves met him and his parents at a production of Stones in His Pockets in London.[14] Heyman and Columbus successfully managed to convince Radcliffe's parents that their son would be protected from media intrusion, and they agreed to let him play Harry.[13] Rowling approved of Radcliffe's casting, stating that "having seen [his] screen test I don't think Chris Columbus could have found a better Harry."[15] Radcliffe was reportedly paid £1 million for the film, although he felt the fee was "not that important".[16] William Moseley, who was later cast as Peter Pevensie in The Chronicles of Narnia series, also auditioned for the role.[17]
Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, Harry's best friend at Hogwarts. A fan of the series, Grint decided he would be perfect for the part "because [he has got] ginger hair".[16] Having seen a Newsround report about the open casting he sent in a video of himself rapping about how he wished to receive the part. His attempt was successful as the casting team asked for a meeting with him.[16]
Emma Watson as Hermione Granger, Harry's other best friend and the trio's brains. Watson's Oxford theatre teacher passed her name on to the casting agents and she had to do over five interviews before she got the part.[18] Watson took her audition seriously, but "never really thought [she] had any chance of getting the role."[16] The producers were impressed by Watson's self-confidence and she outperformed the thousands of other girls who had applied.[19]
Tom Felton as Draco Malfoy, the trio's enemy.
John Cleese as Nearly Headless Nick, the ghost of Hogwarts' Gryffindor House.
Robbie Coltrane as Rubeus Hagrid, a half-giant and Hogwarts' Groundskeeper. Coltrane was one of the two actors Rowling wanted most, along with Smith as McGonagall.[20][21] Coltrane, who was already a fan of the books, prepared for the role by discussing Hagrid's past and future with Rowling.[13][22] According to Figgis, Robin Williams was interested in participating in the film, but was turned down for the Hagrid role because of the "strictly British and Irish only" rule which Columbus was determined to maintain.[20][23]
Warwick Davis as Filius Flitwick, the Charms Master and head of Hogwarts' Ravenclaw House.
Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley, Harry's Muggle (non-magical) uncle.  Ian McNeice was considered for the role of Vernon.[24]
Richard Harris as Albus Dumbledore, Hogwarts' Headmaster and one of the most famous and powerful wizards of all time. Harris initially rejected the role, only to reverse his decision after his granddaughter stated she would never speak to him again if he did not take it.[25]
Ian Hart as Quirinus Quirrell, the slightly nervous Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher at Hogwarts, and also Lord Voldemort's voice. David Thewlis auditioned for the part; he would later be cast as Remus Lupin in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.[26]
John Hurt as Mr. Ollivander, the owner of Ollivanders, a highly regarded wandmaker.
Alan Rickman as Severus Snape, the Potions Master and head of Hogwarts' Slytherin House. Tim Roth was the original choice for the role, but he turned it down for Planet of the Apes.[27]
Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley, Harry's Muggle aunt.
Maggie Smith as Minerva McGonagall, the Deputy Headmistress, head of Gryffindor and transfiguration teacher at Hogwarts. Smith was one of the two actors Rowling wanted most, along with Coltrane as Hagrid.[21]
Julie Walters as Molly Weasley, Ron's caring mother. She shows Harry how to get to Platform 9 3⁄4. Before Walters was cast, American actress Rosie O'Donnell held talks with Columbus about playing Mrs. Weasley.[28]

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In 1997, producer David Heyman searched for a children's book that could be adapted into a well-received film.[13] He had planned to produce Diana Wynne Jones' novel The Ogre Downstairs, but his plans fell through. His staff at Heyday Films then suggested Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, which his assistant believed was "a cool idea."[13] Heyman pitched the idea to Warner Bros.[13] and in 1999, Rowling sold the company the rights to the first four Harry Potter books for a reported £1 million (US$1,982,900).[29] A demand Rowling made was that the principal cast be kept strictly British, nonetheless allowing for the inclusion of Irish actors such as Richard Harris as Dumbledore, and for casting of French and Eastern European actors in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire where characters from the book are specified as such.[7] Rowling was hesitant to sell the rights because she "didn't want to give them control over the rest of the story" by selling the rights to the characters, which would have enabled Warner Bros. to make non-author-written sequels.[30]

text: Although Steven Spielberg initially negotiated to direct the film, he declined the offer.[31] Spielberg reportedly wanted the adaptation to be an animated film, with American actor Haley Joel Osment to provide Harry Potter's voice,[32] or a film that incorporated elements from subsequent books as well.[13] Spielberg contended that, in his opinion, it was like "shooting ducks in a barrel. It's just a slam dunk. It's just like withdrawing a billion dollars and putting it into your personal bank accounts. There's no challenge."[33] Rowling maintains that she had no role in choosing directors for the films and that "[a]nyone who thinks I could (or would) have 'veto-ed' [ sic ] him [Spielberg] needs their Quick-Quotes Quill serviced."[34] Heyman recalled that Spielberg decided to direct A.I. Artificial Intelligence instead.[13]

text: After Spielberg left, talks began with other directors, including: Chris Columbus, Terry Gilliam, Jonathan Demme, Mike Newell, Alan Parker, Wolfgang Petersen, Rob Reiner, Ivan Reitman, Tim Robbins, Brad Silberling, M. Night Shyamalan and Peter Weir.[13][35][36] Petersen and Reiner both pulled out of the running in March 2000,[37] and the choice was narrowed down to Silberling, Columbus, Parker and Gilliam.[38] Rowling's first choice director was Terry Gilliam,[39] but Warner Bros. chose Columbus, citing his work on other family films such as Home Alone and Mrs. Doubtfire as influences for their decision.[40] Columbus pitched his vision of the film for two hours, stating that he wanted the Muggle scenes "to be bleak and dreary" but those set in the wizarding world "to be steeped in color, mood, and detail." He took inspiration from David Lean's adaptations of Great Expectations (1946) and Oliver Twist (1948), wishing to use "that sort of darkness, that sort of edge, that quality to the cinematography," taking the colour designs from Oliver! and The Godfather.[13]

text:
"Harry Potter is the kind of timeless literary achievement that comes around once in a lifetime. Since the books have generated such a passionate following across the world, it was important to us to find a director that has an affinity for both children and magic. I can't think of anyone more ideally suited for this job than Chris."

— Lorenzo di Bonaventura[40]

tag: table

text: Steve Kloves was selected to write the screenplay. He described adapting the book as "tough", as it did not "lend itself to adaptation as well as the next two books."[41] Kloves often received synopses of books proposed as film adaptations from Warner Bros., which he "almost never read",[13] but Harry Potter jumped out at him.[13] He went out and bought the book, and became an instant fan of the series.[41] When speaking to Warner Bros., he stated that the film had to be British, and had to be true to the characters.[41] Kloves was nervous when he first met Rowling as he did not want her to think he was going to "[destroy] her baby."[13] Rowling admitted that she "was really ready to hate this Steve Kloves," but recalled her initial meeting with him: "The first time I met him, he said to me, 'You know who my favourite character is?' And I thought, You're gonna say Ron. I know you're gonna say Ron. But he said 'Hermione.' And I just kind of melted."[13] Rowling received a large amount of creative control, an arrangement that Columbus did not mind.

text: Warner Bros. had initially planned to release the film over 4 July 2001 weekend, making for such a short production window that several proposed directors pulled themselves out of the running. Due to time constraints, the date was put back to 16 November 2001.[42]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Two British film industry officials requested that the film be shot in the United Kingdom, offering their assistance in securing filming locations, the use of Leavesden Film Studios, as well as changing the UK's child labour laws (adding a small number of working hours per week and making the timing of on-set classes more flexible).[13] Warner Bros. accepted their proposal. Filming began on 29 September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and concluded on 23 March 2001,[43] with final work being done in July.[35][44] Principal photography took place on 2 October 2000 at North Yorkshire's Goathland railway station.[45] Canterbury Cathedral and Scotland's Inverailort Castle were both touted as possible locations for Hogwarts; Canterbury rejected Warner Bros. proposal due to concerns about the film's "pagan" theme.[46][47] Alnwick Castle and Gloucester Cathedral were eventually selected as the principal  locations for Hogwarts,[13] with some scenes also being filmed at Harrow School.[48] Other Hogwarts scenes were filmed in Durham Cathedral over a two-week period;[49] these included shots of the corridors and some classroom scenes.[50] Oxford University's Divinity School served as the Hogwarts Hospital Wing, and Duke Humfrey's Library, part of the Bodleian, was used as the Hogwarts Library.[51] Filming for Privet Drive took place on Picket Post Close in Bracknell, Berkshire.[49] Filming in the street took two days instead of the planned single day, so payments to the street's residents were correspondingly increased.[49] For all the subsequent film's scenes set in Privet Drive, filming took place on a constructed set in Leavesden Film Studios, which proved to have been cheaper than filming on location.[52] London's Australia House was selected as the location for Gringotts Wizarding Bank,[13] while Christ Church, Oxford was the location for the Hogwarts trophy room.[53] London Zoo was used as the location for the scene in which Harry accidentally sets a snake on Dudley,[53] with King's Cross Station also being used as the book specifies.[54]

text: Because the American title was different, all scenes that mention the philosopher's stone by name had to be re-shot, once with the actors saying "philosopher's" and once with "sorcerer's".[35] The children filmed for four hours and then did three hours of schoolwork. They developed a liking for fake facial injuries from the makeup staff. Radcliffe was initially meant to wear green contact lenses as his eyes are blue, and not green like Harry's, but the lenses gave Radcliffe extreme irritation. Upon consultation with Rowling, it was agreed that Harry could have blue eyes.[55]

text: Design and special effects[edit]

text: Judianna Makovsky designed the costumes. She re-designed the Quidditch robes, having initially planned to use those shown on the cover of the American book, but deemed them "a mess." Instead, she dressed the Quidditch players in "preppie sweaters, 19th century fencing breeches and arm guards."[56] Production designer Stuart Craig built the sets at Leavesden Studios, including Hogwarts Great Hall, basing it on many English cathedrals. Although originally asked to use an existing old street to film the Diagon Alley scenes, Craig decided to build his own set, comprising Tudor, Georgian and Queen Anne architecture.[56]

text: Columbus originally planned to use both animatronics and CGI animation to create the magical creatures, including Fluffy.[8] Nick Dudman, who worked on Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, was given the task of creating the needed prosthetics, with Jim Henson's Creature Shop providing creature effects.[57] John Coppinger stated that the magical creatures that needed to be created had to be designed multiple times.[58] The film features nearly 600 special effects shots, involving numerous companies. Industrial Light & Magic created Lord Voldemort's face on the back of Quirrell, Rhythm & Hues animated Norbert (Hagrid's baby dragon); and Sony Pictures Imageworks produced the Quidditch scenes. [13]

text: Music[edit]

text: John Williams was selected to compose the score.[59] Williams composed the score at his homes in Los Angeles and Tanglewood before recording it in London in September 2001. One of the main themes is entitled "Hedwig's Theme"; Williams retained it for his finished score as "everyone seemed to like it" and therefore it was a recurring theme throughout the series.[60]

text: Differences from the book[edit]

text: Columbus repeatedly checked with Rowling to make sure he was getting minor details correct.[57] Kloves described the film as being "really faithful" to the book. He added dialogue, of which Rowling approved. One of the lines originally included had to be removed after Rowling told him that it would directly contradict an event in the then-unreleased fifth Harry Potter novel Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.[61]

text: Several minor characters have been removed from the film version, most prominent among them the spectral History of Magic teacher, Professor Binns, and Peeves the poltergeist. The book's first chapter is from the viewpoint of Vernon and Petunia Dursley the day before they are given Harry to look after, highlighting how non-magical people react to magic. The film removes this, beginning with Professor Dumbledore, Professor McGonagall and Hagrid leaving Harry with the Dursleys (although McGonagall tells Dumbledore how she had been watching the Dursleys all day). Harry's less than pleasant times at Mrs. Figg's are cut from the film while the boa constrictor from Brazil in the zoo becomes a Burmese Python in the film. Some conflicts, such as Harry and Draco's encounter with each other in Madam Malkin's robe shop and midnight duel, are not in the film. Some of Nicolas Flamel's role is changed or cut altogether. Norbert is mentioned to have been taken away by Dumbledore in the film; whilst the book sees Harry and Hermione have to take him by hand to Charlie Weasley's friends. Rowling described the scene as "the one part of the book that she felt [could easily] be changed".[56] As such, the reason for the detention in the Forbidden Forest was changed: In the novel, Harry and Hermione are put in detention for being caught by Filch when leaving the Astronomy Tower after hours, Neville and Malfoy are given detention when caught in the corridor by Professor McGonagall. In the film, Harry, Hermione and Ron receive detention after Malfoy catches them in Hagrid's hut after hours (Malfoy however, is given detention for being out of bed after hours). Firenze the centaur, who is described in the book as being palomino with light blonde hair, is shown to be dark in the film.[62] The Quidditch pitch is altered from a traditional stadium to an open field circled by spectator towers.[56]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first teaser poster was released on 1 December 2000.[63] The first teaser trailer was released via satellite on 2 March 2001 and debuted in cinemas with the release of See Spot Run.[64] The soundtrack was released on 30 October 2001 in a CD format. A video game based on the film was released on 15 November 2001 by Electronic Arts for several consoles.[60] A port for the game, for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox was released in 2003.[65] Mattel won the rights to produce toys based on the film, to be sold exclusively through Warner Brothers' stores.[66] Hasbro also produced products, including confectionery products based on those from the series.[67] Warner Bros. signed a deal worth US$150 million with Coca-Cola to promote the film,[54] and Lego produced a series of sets based on buildings and scenes from the film, as well as a Lego Creator video game.[68]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Warner Bros. first released the film on VHS and DVD on 11 February 2002 in the E3 UK[69] 11 May 2002 in the UK[69] and 28 May 2002 in the US. The VHS and DVD (The Special Edition) was re-released in 7 May 2004[70] An Ultimate Edition was later released exclusively in the US that included a Blu-ray and DVD. The release contains an extended version of the film, with many of the deleted scenes edited back in; additionally, the set includes the existing special features disc, Radcliffe's, Grint's, and Watson's first screen tests, a feature-length special Creating the World of Harry Potter Part 1: The Magic Begins, and a 48-page hardcover booklet.[71] The extended version has a running time of about 159 minutes, which has previously been shown during certain television airings.[72]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere on 4 November 2001, in London's Leicester Square, with the cinema arranged to resemble Hogwarts School.[73] The film was greatly received at the box office. In the United States, it made $32.3 million on its opening day, breaking the single day record previously held by Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. On the second day of release, the film's gross increased to $33.5 million, breaking the record for biggest single day again. In total, it made $90.3 million during its first weekend, breaking the record for highest-opening weekend of all time that was previously held by The Lost World: Jurassic Park.[74] It held the record until the following May when Spider-Man made $114.8 million in its opening weekend.[75] The film held onto the No. 1 spot at the box-office for three consecutive weekends.[76][77] The film also had the highest grossing 5-day (Wednesday-Sunday) Thanksgiving weekend record of $82.4 million, holding the title for twelve years until both The Hunger Games: Catching Fire and Frozen surpassed it with $110.1 million and $94 million respectively.[78] Similar results were achieved across the world. In the United Kingdom, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone broke the record for the highest-opening weekend ever, both including and excluding previews, making £16.3 million with and £9.8 million without previews.[79] The film went on to make £66.1 million in the UK alone, making it the country's second highest-grossing film of all-time (after Titanic), until it was surpassed by Mamma Mia!.[80]

text: In total, the film earned $974.8 million at the worldwide box office, $317.6 million of that in the US and $657.2 million elsewhere,[5] which made it the second highest-grossing film in history at the time,[81] as well as the year's highest-grossing film.[82] As of  2018[update], it is the unadjusted thirty-fourth highest-grossing film of all-time and the second highest-grossing Harry Potter film to date[83] after Deathly Hallows – Part 2, which grossed more than $1 billion worldwide.[84] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 55.9 million tickets in the US.[85]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 80% based on 194 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone adapts its source material faithfully while condensing the novel's overstuffed narrative into an involving – and often downright exciting – big-screen magical caper."[86] On Metacritic the film has a score of 64 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[87] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[88]

text: Roger Ebert called Philosopher's Stone "a classic," giving the film four out of four stars, and particularly praising the Quidditch scenes' visual effects.[89] Praise was echoed by both The Telegraph and Empire reviewers, with Alan Morrison of the latter naming it the film's "stand-out sequence".[90][91] Brian Linder of IGN.com also gave the film a positive review, but concluded that it "isn't perfect, but for me it's a nice supplement to a book series that I love".[92] Although criticising the final half-hour, Jeanne Aufmuth of Palo Alto Online stated that the film would "enchant even the most cynical of moviegoers."[93] USA Today reviewer Claudia Puig gave the film three out of four stars, especially praising the set design and Robbie Coltrane's portrayal of Hagrid, but criticised John Williams' score and concluded "ultimately many of the book's readers may wish for a more magical incarnation."[94] The sets, design, cinematography, effects and principal cast were all given praise from Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter, although he deemed John Williams' score "a great clanging, banging music box that simply will not shut up."[95] Todd  McCarthy of Variety compared the film positively with Gone with the Wind and put "The script is faithful, the actors are just right, the sets, costumes, makeup and effects match and sometimes exceed anything one could imagine."[96] Jonathan Foreman  of the New York Post recalled that the film was "remarkably faithful," to its literary counterpart as well as a "consistently entertaining if overlong adaptation."[97]

text: Richard Corliss of Time magazine, considered the film a "by the numbers adaptation," criticising the pace and the "charisma-free" lead actors.[98] CNN's Paul Tatara found that Columbus and Kloves "are so careful to avoid offending anyone by excising a passage from the book, the so-called narrative is more like a jamboree inside Rowling's head."[99] Nathaniel Rogers of The Film Experience gave the film a negative review and wrote: "Harry Potter and the Sorceror's Stone is as bland as movies can get."[100] Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine wished that the film had been directed by Tim Burton, finding the cinematography "bland and muggy," and the majority of the film a "solidly dull celebration of dribbling goo."[101] Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times was highly negative about the film, saying "[the film] is like a theme park that's a few years past its prime; the rides clatter and groan with metal fatigue every time they take a curve." He also said it suffered from "a lack of imagination" and wooden characters, adding, "The Sorting Hat has more personality than anything else in the movie."[102]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film received three Academy Award nominations: Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, and Best Original Score for John Williams.[103] The film was also nominated for seven BAFTA Awards. These were Best British Film, Best Supporting Actor for Robbie Coltrane, as well as the awards for Best Costume Design, Production Design, Makeup and Hair, Sound and Visual Effects.[104] The film won a Saturn Award for its costumes,[105] and was nominated for eight more awards.[106] It won other awards from the Casting Society of America and the Costume Designers Guild.[107][108] It was nominated for the AFI Film Award for its special effects,[109] and the Art Directors Guild Award for its production design.[110] It received the Broadcast Film Critics Award for Best Live Action Family Film and was nominated for Best Child Performance (for Daniel Radcliffe) and Best Composer (John Williams).[111] In 2005 the American Film Institute nominated the film for AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores.[112]

text:
showList of awards and nominations

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Outcome

Ref.

74th Academy Awards

Best Costume Design

Judianna Mokovsky

Nominated

[103]

Achievement in Art Direction

Stuart Craig

Best Original Score

John Williams

Amanda Awards

Best Foreign Feature Film

[113]

American Film Institute Awards 2001

Best Digital Effects Artist

Robert Legato, Nick Davis, Roger Guyett

[109]

Art Directors Guild Award

Excellence in Production Design for a Period or Fantasy Film

Stuart Craig, John King, Neil Lamont, Andrew Ackland-Snow, Peter Francis, Michael Lamont, Simon Lamont, Steve Lawrence, Lucinda Thomson, Stephen Morahan, Dominic Masters, Gary Tomkins

[110]

Awards of the Japanese Academy

Outstanding Foreign Language Film

[114]

Artios Award

Feature Film – Comedy

Jane Jenkins, Janet Hirshenson

Won

[107]

Bogey Awards

Bogey Award in Titanium

[115]

55th British Academy Film Awards

Best British Film

Nominated

[104]

Best Supporting Actor

Robbie Coltrane

Best Costume Design

Judianna Makovsky

Best Production Design

Stuart Craig

Best Makeup & Hair

Nick Dudman, Eithne Fennel, Amanda Knight

Best Sound

Best Visual Effects

Broadcast Film Critics Association

Best Family Film (Live Action)

Won

[111]

Best Child Performance

Daniel Radcliffe

Nominated

Best Composer

John Williams

Broadcast Music Incorporated Film & TV Awards

BMI Film Music Award

Won

[116]

Costume Designers Guild Award

Excellence in Fantasy Costume Design

Judianna Makovsky

[108]

Eddie Awards

Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic

Richard Francis-Bruce

Nominated

[117]

Empire Awards

Best Film

[113]

Best Debut

Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, Emma Watson

Evening Standard British Film Awards

Technical Achievement Award

Stuart Craig

Won

[118]

Golden Reel Awards

Best Sound Editing – Foreign Film

Eddy Joseph, Martin Cantwell, Nick Lowe, Colin Ritchie, Peter Holt

Nominated

[119]

45th Grammy Awards

Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media

John Williams

[120]

Hugo Awards

Best Dramatic Presentation

[121]

2002 Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Movie

[122]

2002 MTV Movie Awards

Breakthrough Male Performance

Daniel Radcliffe

[123]

Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards

Best Family Film

Won

[124]

Best Newcomer

Daniel Radcliffe

Nominated

Best Youth Performance

Emma Watson

Best Costume Design

Judianna Makovsky

Best Original Score

John Williams

Best Production Design

Stuart Craig

Best Visual Effects

Robert Legato, Nick Davis, John Richardson, Roger Guyett

13th Producers Guild of America Awards

Producer of the Year Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures

David Heyman

[125]

Satellite Awards

Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media

[126]

Best Film Editing

Richard Francis-Bruce

Best Art Direction

Stuard Craig

Best Visual Effects

Robert Legato, Nick Davis, Roger Guyett, John Richardson

Outstanding New Talent Special Achievement Award

Rupert Grint

Won

28th Saturn Awards

Best Fantasy Film

Nominated

[106]

Best Director

Chris Columbus

Best Supporting Actor

Robbie Coltrane

Best Supporting Actress

Maggie Smith

Best Performance by a Younger Actor

Daniel Radcliffe

Best Performance by a Younger Actress

Emma Watson

Best Costumes

Judianna Makovsky

Won

Best Make-Up

Nick Dudman, Mark Coulier, John Lambert

Nominated

Best Special Effects

Robert Legato, Nick Davis, Roger Guyett, John Richardson

Sierra Awards

Best Family Film

Won

[127]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Movie: Action

Nominated

[128]

Young Artist Awards

Best Family Feature Film – Drama

Nominated

[129]

Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actress

Emma Watson (tied with Scarlett Johansson)

Won

Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actor

Tom Felton

Nominated

Best Ensemble in a Feature Film

Most Promising Young Newcomer

Rupert Grint

Won