document_title: Eden Hazard

question_text: how many premier league goals does hazard have

question_tokens: how many premier league goals does hazard have

root

text: Eden Hazard

text: Early life

text: Hazard was born in La Louvière and grew up in Braine-le-Comte. His mother, Carine, and father, Thierry, were both footballers. His father spent most of his career playing at semi-professional level with La Louvière in the Belgian Second Division.[22] He played mainly as a defensive midfielder.[22] His mother played as a striker in the Belgian Women's First Division and stopped playing when she was three months pregnant with Eden.[22][23] After playing football, both parents became sports teachers.[22] Thierry retired from his position in 2009 in order to devote more time to his children.[22]

tag: p

text: Hazard is the eldest of four children. He has three brothers, all of whom play football, including Thorgan, who joined him at Chelsea in 2012 but then moved permanently to Borussia Mönchengladbach in 2015.[24] Thorgan had previously progressed through the youth ranks of Lille's biggest rivals Lens.[25][26][27][28] Hazard's other younger brothers are Kylian and Ethan. On 15 July 2013, Kylian joined White Star Bruxelles, but then went on to play for Hungarian side Újpest,[29] while Ethan remains playing in the youth academy of Eden's former club Tubize.[22][26][30][31]

text: Hazard and his three brothers were raised in a comfortable environment with their parents ensuring they had whatever they needed to excel.[32] The family lived "no more than three metres" from a football training ground and the brothers often ventured onto a training pitch through a small hole in order to hone and develop their skills.[23]

text: Club career

text: Early career

text: Hazard began his football career playing for hometown club Royal Stade Brainois at the age of four. During his time at the club, one of his youth coaches described him as a "gifted" player. He added: "He knew everything. I had nothing to teach him".[33] Hazard spent eight years at the club before moving to Tubize. While at Tubize, he was spotted by a Lille scout while playing in a local tournament with the club. The scout's subsequent report on the player prompted club officials to meet with Hazard's father and offer the young player an aspirant (youth) contract.[34]

text: Hazard's parents accepted the offer from Lille with hopes that the training facilities in France would be better.[32] Hazard's father later admitted that the decision to let Eden and, later Thorgan, join clubs in the North of France was the best solution stating "They remained so close to home and, at the same time, they integrated at structures where they could grow, because in Belgium, unfortunately, it's a little empty for the training of youth".[23]

text: Lille

text: Hazard joined Lille in 2005 and spent two years developing in the club's local sports school, due to its youth academy in Luchin not being in operation at that time.[35] On 28 May 2007, he signed his first professional contract agreeing to a three-year deal with Lille.[34] At the start of the 2007–08 season, at the age of 16, Hazard was promoted to the club's reserve team in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth level of French football, though he still played with Lille's under-18 team in its league and the Coupe Gambardella. Hazard made his amateur debut on 1 September 2007 in a league match against Racing Club de France appearing as a second-half substitute in a 3–1 defeat.[36] He made his first start a week later in the team's 1–0 defeat to Lesquin.[37]

text: After spending the majority of October and the early part of November playing with the club's under-18 team, on 14 November, due to several players being on international duty, Hazard was called up to the senior team by manager Claude Puel to participate in a friendly match against Belgian club Bruges on 16 November.[38] He appeared as a substitute in the match and, as a result of his performance, was included in the 18-man squad to face Nancy in a league match on 24 November.[39] Hazard, subsequently, made his professional debut in the match coming on as a substitute in the 78th minute.[40]

text: Hazard returned to the club's reserve team and spent December playing with the squad. Following the winter break, Hazard returned to the first team in January and made substitute appearances in three league matches against Metz, Sochaux, and Paris Saint-Germain.[41][42][43] Following the match against Paris Saint-Germain, he was demoted back to amateur level where he played concurrently with the reserve team in the fourth division and the under-18 team in the Coupe Gambardella. On 17 May 2008, he scored his first amateur goal in a 3–2 victory over Vitré.[44] Hazard finished his amateur career with 11 appearances and one goal, helping the reserve team finished in fifth place, which was first among professional clubs' reserve teams playing in the group.[45][46]

text: 2008–09 season

text: For the 2008–09 season, Hazard was given the number 26 shirt after playing with the number 33 shirt in his debut season. He was also promoted to the senior team permanently by new manager Rudi Garcia. Early on, he made substitute appearances regularly making his season debut as a substitute on 14 September 2008 against Sochaux in a 1–1 draw.[47] One of his substitute appearances proved beneficial against Auxerre on 20 September. With Lille trailing 2–1 in the waning minutes of the match, Hazard, after Lille took a corner kick, quickly scooped up a short clearance from Auxerre and took a right-footed shot just outside the box. It beat the keeper and drew the score 2–2 in the 88th minute.[48] With Lille's confidence high, the club won the match 3–2 in injury time following a goal from Tulio de Melo.[49] Hazard's first career goal resulted in him becoming the youngest goalscorer in the club's history.[17]

text: Four days after scoring his first professional goal, Hazard made his first professional start in a 4–2 defeat on penalties to Montpellier in the Coupe de la Ligue.[50] After featuring as a substitute in the team's next five league matches, on 15 November, Hazard made his first professional league start against Saint-Étienne. He capped the appearance by scoring the opening goal in the club's 3–0 victory.[51] His assured performances with the club resulted in Lille offering him a three-year contract extension, which he agreed to on 18 November 2008, tying him to the club until 2012.[52]

text: After featuring as a substitute in December, Hazard returned to the starting lineup in January. On 23 January, he scored the second goal in a 3–0 win over amateur club Dunkerque in Round of 32 of the Coupe de France.[53] Two weeks later, he scored the match-winning goal in a league match against Sochaux and, on 22 February, assisted on the winner against Monaco.[54][55] In the Round of 16 of the Coupe de France, Hazard netted a goal in a 3–2 win over the competition's defending champions Lyon.[56] On 26 April, he scored the opening goal against Marseille, though Lille lost the match 2–1.[57] In the final ten league matches of the campaign, Hazard started eight and contributed to the team finishing in fifth place, which resulted in Lille qualifying for the newly created UEFA Europa League. After the season, he was named the National Union of Professional Footballers (UNFP) Young Player of the Year, becoming the first international player to achieve the honor.[18]

text: 2009–10 season

text:
"Eden is technically gifted and very fast. He will be a major star in the future. I would take him to Real Madrid with my eyes closed."

Zinedine Zidane on the 19-year-old Eden Hazard, August 2010.[58]

tag: div

text: Following the 2008–09 season, constant media speculation occurred in numerous countries regarding Hazard's availability on the transfer market. Despite Lille chairman Michel Seydoux declaring the player off limits and Hazard stating that he wanted to remain at the club for at least another season, several clubs declared interest in the player.[59][60] These included English clubs Arsenal and Manchester United, Italian club Internazionale, and Spanish clubs Barcelona and Real Madrid. French football legend Zinedine Zidane personally recommended the player to the latter club.[61][62][63][64][65]

text: Hazard began the 2009–10 season on a positive note scoring in Lille's first competitive match of the season. The goal, contributing to the team's 2–0 victory, came against Serbian club FK Sevojno in the first leg of the club's third qualifying round match in the UEFA Europa League.[66] On 27 August, he scored his second career European goal in the club's second leg tie in the playoff round against Belgian club Genk. It was Lille's final goal in the club's 4–2 victory.[67] The 6–3 aggregate scoreline assured the club progression to the Europa League group stage.

text: On 22 October, Hazard scored a goal in Lille's important 3–0 victory over Italian club Genoa in the 84th minute after entering as a substitute 10 minutes prior. Upon receiving the ball on the left wing, Hazard proceeded to dash through the midfield dribbling past six Genoa defenders before finishing at the 18-yard box.[68][69] A month later, Hazard was instrumental in Lille's 5–1 thrashing of Czech club Slavia Prague as he was partly responsible for the opening goal — slicing through the defense and delivering a cross near post, which went off Slavia player Marek Suchý resulting in an own goal.[70]

text: On 20 December, Hazard scored his first league goal of the season in the club's 3–0 win over Le Mans. He also provided both the assists on the other two goals.[71] On 30 January, Hazard scored the only goal in Lille's win over Derby du Nord rivals Lens.[72] The victory helped the club achieve stability in the league by keeping them in the UEFA Champions League places. It also ended a disaster of a week which saw Lille suffer elimination from both of France's cup competitions. Five days later, Hazard and Lille reached an agreement on a contract extension, which will keep the player at the club until 2014.[73][74] On 11 March, Hazard scored the only goal in Lille's victory over English club Liverpool in the first leg of the club's UEFA Europa League tie converting a free kick in the 83rd minute.[75] Three weeks later, Hazard provided two assists in the club's 4–1 win over fellow title contenders Montpellier.[76] The two passes brought his league tally to seven, tied for second in the league. For his impressive displays in the month of March, Hazard was given the UNFP Player of the Month award.[77]

text: On 29 April, Hazard was nominated for the UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Year award. He was also nominated, for the second consecutive season, for the Young Player of the Year award.[78] On 9 May, Hazard was awarded the UNFP Young Player of the Year trophy for the second consecutive season. He became the first player since its inception in 1994 to win the award twice.[18] Hazard lost out on the Player of the Year award, which was awarded to Lyon striker Lisandro López.

text: 2010–11 season

text: Hazard began the 2010–11 campaign as a starter featuring in Lille's first six league matches of the season, as well as matches in the UEFA Europa League. On 29 August 2010, he scored his first goal of the season in a 1–1 draw with Nice.[79] In late September, Hazard began to struggle with inconsistency and was benched by Garcia in an effort to "allow him (Hazard) to breathe and learn that his performances were insufficient".[80] Hazard, subsequently, appeared as a substitute in the team's 2–1 defeat to Portuguese club Sporting in the Europa League and as a substitute in the next three league matches against Toulouse, Montpellier, and Lyon.[81][82][83] Hazard later admitted that his first bout of inconsistency affected him stating "The first two months were a bit tough. I wouldn’t say that I began doubting my abilities, but I definitely went through a really patchy spell".[84]

text: On 7 October, Belgium national team manager Georges Leekens, citing Hazard's recent spell on the bench at Lille, said that the player needed to work harder, both physically and mentally, to regain his past year's form. The team's assistant coach, Marc Wilmots, also stated that Hazard often displayed a lazy mentality while training with the national team.[85] Garcia responded to Leekens comments the following day stating that he thought they were "excessive" and that "Eden is only 19 years old" and can still "make more progress in all areas."[86] Following Belgium's match against Kazakhstan, in which Hazard failed to start or even appear on the substitute's bench, Leekens responded to Garcia's comments declaring that he would stand by his previous comments and that players must think about the team and not themselves.[87] Hazard, himself, later reflected on Leekens and Garcia comments in February 2011 stating "I learned a lot during those few weeks, mentally speaking. And since then things have got better. The national side has had a fair bit to do with that – I get a lot out of being a part of it".[84]

text: Following the international break, Hazard recaptured his scoring form netting the final goal in Lille's 4–1 victory over Caen in the Coupe de la Ligue on 27 October.[88] Ten days later, he scored his second league goal of the season in a 3–1 win against the league table leaders Brest.[89] On 21 November, Hazard assisted on both Lille's goals in a 2–1 win over Monaco.[90] The victory continued the club's domestic unbeaten streak, which led to Lille topping the league table following an emphatic 6–3 victory against Lorient on 5 December.[91] At the turn of the calendar year, Hazard scored in the team's first match against amateur club Forbach in the Coupe de France. Lille won the match 3–1.[92] In the team's following match, he assisted on goals scored by Moussa Sow and Gervinho in a 2–0 league victory over Nice.[93]

text: On 19 January, Hazard scored the second goal in a 3–0 victory over Nancy.[94] On 4 March, Lille officials confirmed that Hazard had added an extra year to his contract. The new deal tied him to the club until 2015 and also made him the highest paid player in Ligue 1 beginning with the 2011–12 season.[95][96][97] In his first match after the news, Hazard scored the opening goal in Lille's 2–1 away win over title rivals Marseille.[98] The goal was scored on a left-footed shot from almost 35 metres (38 yd) out and was clocked at 95 km/h (59 mph).[99]

text: On 2 April, Hazard capped his 100th league appearance with Lille by scoring the second goal in a 3–1 win over Caen.[100] The goal tied his career-high for goals in a season and also moved Lille eight points clear at the top of the league table.[101] For his performances in the month of March, Hazard was named the UNFP Player of the Month for the second time in his career.[102] On 19 April, after appearing as a first-half substitute, he scored the opening goal in Lille's 2–0 Coupe de France semi-final victory over Nice.[103] The victory inserted the club into the 2011 Coupe de France Final; the club's first appearance in the competition's final since 1955. On 7 May, Hazard converted a game-winning free-kick goal in the team's 1–0 win over Nancy.[104] Three days later, he was nominated for the UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Year award for the second consecutive season.[105]

text: In the Coupe de France final, Hazard played 89 minutes as Lille defeated Paris Saint-Germain 1–0 at the Stade de France.[106] A week later, Lille clinched the Ligue 1 title by drawing 2–2 away to Paris Saint-Germain, achieving the club's first league championship since the 1953–54 season and the club's first double since the 1945–46 season.[107][108] The domestic cup and league title were the first two honours in Hazard's career. On the day after Lille won the league, Hazard was named the UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Year becoming the youngest player ever to win the award.[109] He was also rewarded with a place in the organization's Team of the Year for the second consecutive season.[19]

text: 2011–12 season

text: Ahead of the 2011–12 season, Hazard switched to the number 10 shirt.[110] In Lille's first competitive match of the season against Marseille in the 2011 Trophée des Champions, Hazard scored the team's second goal, which put Lille up 2–0. Marseille would later come back to win the match 5–4.[111] On 20 August, in the team's third league match of the season, Hazard assisted on Lille's opening goal, scored by Benoît Pedretti, in a 2–1 win over Caen.[112] A month later on 10 September, he scored two goals in a 3–1 away victory against Saint-Étienne.[113][114] Fours days after, Hazard made his UEFA Champions League debut in a 2–2 group stage draw with Russian club CSKA Moscow.[115]

text: In Lille's next league match following his Champions League debut, he converted a penalty in a 2–2 draw with Sochaux.[116] Three days after, Hazard scored the equalizing goal in a 1–1 draw against Bordeaux.[117] Against Turkish outfit Trabzonspor on 27 September, he assisted on Lille's only goal, scored by Moussa Sow, in a 1–1 draw.[118] After going over two months without scoring a league goal, on 3 December, Hazard came on as a substitute and scored the match-winning goal in a win over Ajaccio converting a penalty—described as an "Antonín Panenka-style chipped penalty".[119][120] Two days later, Hazard was among several players nominated for UEFA's Team of the Year for the 2011 calendar year.[121]

text: In Lille's final match before the winter break, Hazard tied his career-high for league goals in a season by scoring the team's third goal in a 4–4 draw with Nice.[122] After scoring the goal, Hazard celebrated by paying tribute to Molami Bokoto, a former Lille youth academy player who had died a day prior.[123][124] In Lille's first match following the 2011–12 winter break, Hazard scored his ninth goal of the campaign in a 6–0 away win over amateur club Chantilly in the Coupe de France.[125] In the following month, Lille were defeated 2–0 by league rivals Marseille and eliminated from both national cup competitions.[126][127][128]

text: On 28 January, Hazard scored the team's opening goal converting a penalty in a 3–0 win over Saint-Étienne.[129] Two weeks later, he converted a free kick goal against Bordeaux. Lille had been trailing 4–1 prior to the goal and eventually recovered to draw the match at 4–4, however, Bordeaux scored in injury time to secure a 5–4 win.[130][131] On 3 March, Hazard scored both team goals in a 2–2 draw with Auxerre.[132]

text: On 18 March, Hazard scored a goal and assisted on two others in a 4–0 win over local rivals Valenciennes.[133] In Lille's next match against Evian, Hazard converted a penalty and assisted on a goal by Dimitri Payet in a 3–0 win.[134] The following week, on 1 April 2012, Hazard converted a first-half penalty and later assisted on another Payet goal to cap a 2–1 victory over Toulouse.[135][136]

text: On 15 April, Hazard marked his 100 consecutive Ligue 1 appearance, which to date, is the longest current run in the French top flight, by scoring a goal and assisting on another in a 4–1 win over Ajaccio.[137][138] A week later, Hazard scored another goal, this time in a 2–0 win over Dijon.[139] On 29 April, in a vital league fixture against Paris Saint-Germain, he converted his ninth penalty of the season to draw the match at 1–1 canceling out a goal from Javier Pastore. Hazard later contributed to Lille's game-winning goal after delivering a rabona-style cross into the box, which was laid onto the path of striker Nolan Roux who, subsequently, converted the goal to give Lille a 2–1 win.[140][141]

text: On 28 April, for the third consecutive season, Hazard was nominated for the UNFP Player of the Year award.[142] Two weeks later, he was awarded the prestigious honour ahead of the likes of Olivier Giroud and Younès Belhanda.[143] After capturing the award, Hazard became the second player in the awards' history after former Paris Saint-Germain striker Pauleta to achieve the honour in consecutive seasons.[144] He was also included in the Team of the Year for the third straight season. On 20 May, Hazard appeared in his final match as a Lille player, coincidentally, against Nancy, the club he made his professional debut against. In the match, Hazard recorded his first professional hat-trick in a 4–1 win.[145]

text: Chelsea

text: I'm signing for the [this season's] Champions League winner.

text: On 4 June 2012, Chelsea officially confirmed on its website that the club had agreed terms with Lille for the transfer of Hazard. The midfielder agreed personal terms with the club and passed a medical examination. The transfer fee was reported to be priced at £32 million.[147]

text: Upon signing for Chelsea, Hazard told the club's official website "I'm delighted to finally arrive here. It's a wonderful club and I can't wait to get started".[148] Hazard was given the number 17, which was previously worn by José Bosingwa.[149] On 18 July, Hazard made his Chelsea debut in the club's first pre-season friendly against the Seattle Sounders and played the majority of the match, opening his Chelsea scoring account.

text: 2012–13 season

text: On 12 August 2012, Hazard made his competitive debut for Chelsea in the 2012 FA Community Shield against Manchester City, which ended in a 3–2 defeat at Villa Park.[150] A week later, he made his league debut against Wigan Athletic at the DW Stadium. In the contest, Hazard provided the assist for Branislav Ivanović's opening goal and, minutes later, won a penalty, which Frank Lampard converted, earning his side a 2–0 victory.[151][152][153] He made his Stamford Bridge debut in the team's next fixture, against Reading on 22 August, he won another penalty from which Lampard converted. Hazard also assisted on goals by Gary Cahill and Branislav Ivanović as Chelsea won 4–2 at Stamford Bridge.[154][155] Three days later, Hazard scored his first goal as a Chelsea player in the team's league match against Newcastle United after scoring a penalty. Chelsea won the match 2–0.[156]

text: Hazard made his Champions League debut for Chelsea in the team's opening group stage game against Juventus.[157] On 6 October, he scored his second goal for Chelsea in a 4–1 win against Norwich City.[158] During December, he scored in back-to-back games, in a 5–1 away victory over Leeds United in the League Cup,[159] and an 8–0 league win against Aston Villa.[160]

text: In January 2013, Hazard scored a goal with his left-foot from 25 yards in Chelsea's 4–0 win over Stoke City, as Chelsea inflicted the first home defeat of the season on Stoke.[161] He scored again in the following game, with an impressive strike from the edge of the area in a 2–2 draw at home to Southampton.[162]

text:
"I've said to him he has got absolutely everything. He's only 22, he has the world at his feet and with the way he’s playing and the ability he has on the ball, he is scaring the life out of people."

Frank Lampard on the 22-year-old Eden Hazard, March 2013.[163]

text: On 23 January 2013, he was sent off in the Football League Cup semi-final second leg game against Swansea City for kicking a ball out from underneath a ball boy who was lying on it in order to waste time. Chelsea went on to lose the tie 2–0.[164][165] Thereafter, he told Chelsea TV that he "apologised and the boy apologised" to each other.[166] On 9 February, he scored on his return from suspension in a 4–1 win at home against Wigan Athletic.[167]

text: On 21 February 2013, Hazard came on as a substitute against Sparta Prague and scored an individual goal in stoppage time, to send Chelsea through to the last 16 on a 2–1 aggregate score.[168][169] Again Hazard came off the bench to make an impact for Chelsea, scoring a goal and providing an assist to Ramires, as the Blues came back from 2–0 down to salvage a 2–2 draw against Manchester United in the quarter-finals of the FA Cup on 10 March, setting up a replay at Stamford Bridge.[170] On 17 March 2013, Hazard put in a Man of the Match performance at Stamford Bridge in a 2–0 victory over West Ham United, assisting on Frank Lampard's 200th Chelsea goal, then scoring a solo goal.[171] On 11 May 2013, at Villa Park, Hazard was the provider of Lampard's brace against Aston Villa, which enabled Lampard to break Bobby Tambling's all-time goal scoring record for Chelsea. However an injury picked up in the same game ruled him out of the 2013 UEFA Europa League Final.[172] Hazard ended his debut campaign at Chelsea with 13 goals in all competitions.

text: 2013–14 season

text: One of Chelsea's first games of the season was against Bayern Munich in the 2013 UEFA Super Cup, where Hazard played a vital role in the buildup to the first goal and scored the second, but went on to an eventual 5–4 defeat in the penalty shoot-out.[173] In October 2013, Hazard, as a substitute, scored the game-clinching goal in a 3–1 Premier League clash against Norwich City at Carrow Road,[174] before scoring twice and assisting Samuel Eto'o's first Chelsea goal in a comprehensive defeat of Cardiff City in the same competition.[175] Hazard netted his fifth goal of the season against Schalke in a crucial 0–3 Champions League Group Stage win.[176] In October, Hazard was part of the 23-man shortlist of players nominated for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or, awarded to the player who is voted the men's world footballer of the year.[177]

text: On 9 November 2013, Hazard created Chelsea's first goal against West Bromwich Albion, which was scored by Samuel Eto'o. Later in the match Chelsea went 2–1 down, but Hazard scored a last minute penalty to clinch a point for his team.[178] On 4 December 2013, Hazard scored a brace in a 4–3 away victory over Sunderland,[179] with coach José Mourinho claiming that Hazard delivered his best performance of the season.[180] Sunderland manager Gus Poyet also praised Hazard for his individual impact on the game. Poyet said: "Eden Hazard was outstanding. He was unplayable, as a manager I haven't come up against anyone like that."[181]

text:
"I keep saying he has to improve. He needs to have his feet on the ground. Ronaldo and Messi are Ronaldo and Messi. Eden Hazard is probably the best young player in the world with legs to go there, but give him time"

José Mourinho on the 23-year-old Eden Hazard, February 2014.[182]

text: On 26 December 2013, Hazard scored the only goal in Chelsea's 1–0 victory over Swansea.[183] In Chelsea's next league match, Hazard scored a goal from 25 yards during Chelsea's 2–1 victory over Liverpool.[184] The following week, Hazard scored the opening goal in Chelsea's 2–0 victory away to Hull City.[185] After Hazard maintained his excellent form in Chelsea's 1–0 victory over Manchester City at the Etihad Stadium on 3 February 2014, Mourinho declared Hazard as the best young footballer in the world.[186][187] Hazard scored his first Premier League hat-trick against Newcastle United at Stamford Bridge on 8 February.[188]

text: On 27 April 2014, Hazard won the PFA Young Player of the Year award and finished as the runner-up to Luis Suárez for the PFA Player of the Year award for his fine attacking performances under José Mourinho.[189] After Chelsea's Champions League exit against Atlético Madrid, Hazard claimed that Chelsea are only set up to counter-attack.[190] Mourinho responded by saying that Hazard "is not so mentally ready" to help his defence, blaming him for the first goal scored by the opponents.[190] In May 2014, Hazard was voted Chelsea's Player of the Year in his second season at Stamford Bridge.[191]

text: 2014–15 season

text:
"On his day, nobody can stop him. He has such great quality on the ball. He can create something from nothing and this is the sign of a special player."

Thierry Henry on the 24-year-old Eden Hazard, March 2015.[192]

text: Upon Juan Mata's departure from the club in January 2014, Hazard was handed the number 10 shirt for Chelsea ahead of the 2014–15 season.[193] On 5 October, he won a penalty against Arsenal after being fouled by Laurent Koscielny, and then converted it himself past Wojciech Szczęsny to open a 2–0 victory which made Chelsea the last unbeaten team in the league.[194] In doing so, he maintained his 100% penalty record out of 16 penalties. He also became the only player in Europe who has taken more than 15 penalties and scored all of them.[195]

text: His first goals of the Champions League campaign came on 21 October, netting from the penalty-spot and from open play in a 6–0 home win over Maribor.[196] On 5 November, away to the Slovene team, he earned an 85th-minute penalty but had it saved by Jasmin Handanović in a 1–1 draw.[197] Hazard opened the scoring in Chelsea's 2–0 win over Hull on 13 December, with the goal being only the second headed one of his entire career.[198] The header came as a surprised for many, even Mourinho, who stated: "That he scored in the air, I was surprised. He jumps a lot but normally he closes his eyes. So I was surprised, but very good goal."[199]

text: On 12 February 2015, Hazard signed a new five-and-a-half-year contract with Chelsea.[200] After signing, Hazard said: "I’ve signed a new contract and I’m very happy because I’m playing for one of the best clubs in the world."[201] He played the full 90 minutes in the club's victory in the League Cup Final at Wembley Stadium on 1 March, a 2–0 win over Tottenham.[202]

text: On 18 April, Hazard scored the only goal in a home win over Manchester United, after he latched on to Oscar's backheel pass to score past David de Gea. He was voted Man of the Match thereafter for his performance.[203] As a result of Hazard's impressive performances throughout the 2014–15 campaign, his manager declared him "one of the top three players in the world".[204] On 26 April, Hazard was recognised as the best player of the season among his peers, winning the PFA Player of the Year.[205] A week later, he scored the only goal as Chelsea defeated Crystal Palace to win their first Premier League title since 2010. He won a penalty after being fouled by James McArthur, and took it himself, heading in the rebound after it was saved by Julian Speroni.[206]

text: On 26 May 2015, Hazard was voted as Chelsea's Player of the Year for the second year in a row. There are only four other players that have done it in the past; Juan Mata, Frank Lampard, Ray Wilkins, and John Hollins.[207]

text: 2015–16 season

text: Hazard endured a difficult start to the 2015–16 season, missing a penalty in the Champions League group stage against Maccabi Tel Aviv.[208] On 27 October, in the fourth round of the League Cup away to Stoke, Hazard was the only player to miss in Chelsea's penalty shootout elimination, his attempt being saved by Jack Butland.[209] Hazard endured a 2,358-minute scoreless run across 30 matches until 31 January 2016, when he scored from the penalty spot, his 50th goal for Chelsea in all competitions, in a 5–1 win over Milton Keynes Dons in the fourth round of the FA Cup.[210]

text: In February 2016, Hazard was scrutinised when he said it would "be difficult to say no" to a move to Paris Saint-Germain.[211] He remained scoreless in the league until 23 April, when he recorded two goals in a 4–1 victory at Bournemouth; after the result, interim manager Guus Hiddink insisted that Hazard would remain at Chelsea by next season.[211] For the second consecutive campaign, Hazard scored the goal that decided the Premier League; he came on as a substitute at home to Tottenham on 2 May, and scored an equaliser as Chelsea came from 2–0 down at half time to draw. The result meant Leicester City won the title at Tottenham's expense.[212] On 11 May 2016, Hazard scored his fourth and final goal of the season against Liverpool, although Chelsea were unable to hold on to the lead, with fellow countryman Christian Benteke scoring in extra time as the match finished in a 1–1 draw.[213]

text: 2016–17 season

text: On 15 August 2016, in Chelsea's opening Premier League match of the season, Hazard scored a penalty in a 2–1 win over West Ham United.[214] Hazard recorded a total of 81 touches throughout the game, and his performance earned him the Man of the Match.[215] On 27 August, Hazard contributed another Man of the Match display in the 3–0 victory over Burnley, scoring the opener in the ninth minute.[216] After voting ended on 5 September, Hazard received the most votes from the public poll, 41%, for the Premier League Player of the Month award[217] although Raheem Sterling was later named the Player of the Month by a Premier League panel.[218]

text: On 15 October 2016, Hazard, along with Diego Costa dedicated their goals to Willian, whose mother had died earlier that week, in the 3–0 victory over the champions, Leicester City.[219] On 23 October, he scored his fourth goal of the season in a 4–0 win over former Chelsea manager, José Mourinho's Manchester United, equalling the number of league goals he managed in the previous season.[220] Hazard continued his excellent form, scoring the first goal and assisting the second in Chelsea's 2–0 win over Southampton on 30 October. This marked the first time that he had scored in three consecutive Premier League games.[221] His run of form continued into the next match as he scored two goals and assisted another in Chelsea's 5–0 win against Everton at Stamford Bridge on 5 November. Hazard's performance against Everton earned him another Man of the Match award, his third in a row in the Premier League.[222] On 18 November 2016, Hazard was named the Premier League Player of the Month for October.[223]

text: On 26 December 2016, Hazard led the Blues to their twelfth consecutive league victory, a new club record, in the 3–0 victory over Bournemouth. He also converted a penalty for his 50th Premier League goal, making him the sixth Chelsea player to achieve this feat.[224]

text: On 20 April 2017, Hazard was named in the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth time in his five seasons at Chelsea.[225] Two days later, he scored after coming on as a substitute in Chelsea's 4–2 FA Cup semi-final victory over rivals Tottenham Hotspur at Wembley Stadium.[226]

text: 2017–18 season

text: At the beginning of the summer, Hazard suffered an ankle injury in training during international duty. The injury ruled him out for 6 to 8 weeks; missing the entire preseason and the Premier League opener.[227] On 25 August 2017, Hazard returned to action, playing 75 minutes for the Chelsea U23 side.[228] On 28 October 2017, Hazard scored his first league goal of the season in a 1–0 win against Bournemouth in the Premier League.[229] A brace against Brighton & Hove Albion on 20 January made it 100 league goals in his career. Hazard’s double helped Chelsea to a 4–0 win at Falmer Stadium.[230]

text: International career

text: Youth

text: Hazard played for various Belgian national youth teams, such as the under-17 and under-19 teams. With the under-17 team, he was a regular in the team making 17 appearances and scoring two goals. He played with the team in the Toto Cup, a yearly international youth tournament held in Austria and, also, played in the 2007 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, which Belgium hosted. In the tournament, Hazard scored his only goal in the team's opening match against the Netherlands converting a penalty in a 2–2 draw.[231] The match was a homecoming for Hazard, as it was played in Tubize, where he spent part of his youth career.[232] Throughout the tournament, Hazard impressed media and coaches, which led to many in Belgium comparing him to Belgian football legend Enzo Scifo.[233][234][235]

text: Belgium suffered elimination in the semi-finals of the competition, losing to Spain 7–6 on penalties. Belgium were minutes away from a victory, courtesy of an own goal from David Rochela, which Hazard was particularly instrumental in, however Barcelona striker Bojan Krkić equalized for his nation to send the match into extra time.[236] Due to finishing in third place at the tournament, Belgium qualified for the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup, held in South Korea. Hazard was selected to participate and played in all three group stage matches, where Belgium were eliminated.

text: After playing at the FIFA U-17 World Cup in August and September 2007, Hazard began earning call-ups to the under-19 team the following month in October. His first appearance came in a 2008 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification match against Romania coming on as a substitute in a 4–0 victory.[237] He subsequently played in the next two group stage matches against Iceland and England. Belgium lost both matches.[238][239] The negative results eliminated the country from the tournament. Due to being an underage player the previous year, Hazard was eligible for the under-19 team for the 2008–09 season. Due to his growing participation with Lille's first team, Hazard was only allowed to play in 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification matches by his club and, as a result, missed the 2008 edition of the Milk Cup, which was held during Lille's preseason.

text: On 7 October 2008, Hazard scored his first under-19 goal in the team's 5–0 victory over Estonia.[240] Three days later, he scored a double in a 2–2 draw with Croatia.[241] In the Elite Round, Hazard led the team in goals scoring three. In the opening match against the Republic of Ireland, he scored the lone goal.[242] In the next match, Hazard was influential in the team's 5–0 thrashing of Sweden scoring a goal and assisting on two others.[243] In the team's final match, they faced Switzerland. Belgium needed an outright victory to progress to the 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship, but were eliminated from qualifying after drawing 1–1 with the Swiss, despite Hazard opening the scoring for Belgium in the 21st minute.[244]

text: Early senior

text: On 18 November 2008, Hazard was called up to the Belgium senior team, for the first time, by manager René Vandereycken for the team's match against Luxembourg. Prior to making his national team debut with Belgium, Hazard was courted by French Football Federation officials who sought the player to play for the France national team as he had become eligible for French citizenship. Hazard did not respond to the courtship and later stated "Because of my presence in France for seven years, I feel 99% Belgian and 1% French, but the idea of French citizenship has never crossed my mind".[245]

text: Hazard made his highly anticipated debut for Belgium in the match against Luxembourg coming on as a substitute in the 67th minute for Wesley Sonck.[246] On his debut, Hazard became the eighth youngest international player in Belgian football history, at 17 years and 316 days.[247] On 12 August 2009, after three consecutive substitute appearances with the team, he made his first start under coach Franky Vercauteren in the team's 3–1 friendly loss to the Czech Republic.[248] Following the resignation of Vercauteren, he was replaced with manager Dick Advocaat. Under Advocaat, Hazard became a starter in the team and, on 14 November 2009, played a full match for the first time in his international career. In the match, which was played against Hungary, Hazard assisted on two goals in a 3–0 win.

text: In May 2010, Advocaat was replaced as manager by Georges Leekens. After featuring as a starter in Leekens first three matches in charge, Hazard began appearing as a substitute for Belgium during the 2010–11 season. Leekens justified his benching of Hazard citing the players' domestic performance, which had been underwhelming at the time, while also admitting that Hazard displayed a lack of desire in training with the national team and often neglected his defensive duties during international matches.[85][249] After appearing as a substitute in two straight matches, Hazard returned to the starting lineup for the team's November 2010 friendly match against Russia. In the match, which Belgium won 2–0, Hazard assisted on the team's opening goal scored by Romelu Lukaku.[250]

text: After featuring as a starter in the team's 1–1 draw with Finland in February 2011, Hazard was relegated back to the substitute's bench for the team's important March 2011 UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying matches as Leekens preferred Nacer Chadli and Mousa Dembélé on the wings.[251] In the team's 29 March qualifier against Azerbaijan, he appeared as a second-half substitute and assisted on the team's final goal in a 4–1 win.[252] Following the matches, French media began questioning why Hazard was struggling to be appreciated in his home country, while, at the same time, was being praised in France.[253] Marc Wilmots, assistant coach of the national team, responded to the media reports stating "Some people only see Eden's qualities" and "the French press are sometimes blinded by his moments of magic".[254]

text: In Belgium's next competitive match against Turkey on 3 June 2011, Hazard started the match, but was substituted out after 60 minutes. Disappointed with his performance and substitution, the midfielder retired to the locker room and was later spotted on television outside the stadium with his family eating a hamburger while the match was still ongoing.[255] Following the episode, which has become known as Burgergate in Belgium,[256] Hazard apologized for the defection, while Leekens attributed Hazard's response to the substitution as "a young player making a mistake".[257][258]

text: On 4 August, Leekens announced that Hazard would be disciplined for his actions during the Turkey match and, as a result, would miss the team's 10 August friendly match against Slovenia, as well as the team's Euro qualifying return match against Azerbaijan on 2 September and friendly against the United States four days later.[259] On 9 August, Hazard's management group issued a press release to the Belgian media. The release detailed Hazard's actions during the Turkey match, criticized the player's three-match suspension, as well as questioned Leekens constant criticism of Hazard.[260] On 25 August, it was announced that Leekens had lifted Hazard's suspension and the midfielder was subsequently named in the team to play the September fixtures.[261] Leekens decided to lift the suspension after having a meeting with Hazard that was organized by the player's agent.[262]

text: On 7 October 2011, nearly three years after his debut, Hazard scored his first international goal against Kazakhstan in a 4–1 victory.[263] The victory inserted Belgium into second-place position in its group in qualifying for UEFA Euro 2012 with the team needing a victory over Germany on 11 October to secure a place in the qualifying playoffs.[264] In the match against Germany, Hazard played the entire match as Belgium failed to earn a place in the European Championship, losing 3–1 in Düsseldorf.[265]

text: 2014 World Cup and Euro 2016

text: Hazard made nine appearances in the Red Devils' successful 2014 World Cup qualification campaign, scoring twice.[266] The first of these came on 22 March against the Republic of Macedonia at the Philip II Arena, converting a penalty to conclude a 2–0 win after being fouled by Aleksandar Lazevski.[267] Three days later in the reverse fixture, he beat two defenders before scoring the only goal of the game.[268]

text: On 13 May 2014, Hazard was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[269] He assisted Dries Mertens' winning goal in the team's first game of the tournament, a 2–1 win against Algeria in Belo Horizonte.[270] In Belgium's second match, he assisted Divock Origi's 88th-minute goal, giving the Red Devils a 1–0 win over Russia and qualifying them for the knockout stage,[271] eventually reaching the quarter-finals.

text: On 7 June 2015, due to the suspension of regular skipper Vincent Kompany, Hazard captained Belgium for the first time in a friendly against France at the Stade de France, scoring a penalty for Belgium's final goal in a 4–3 victory.[272] He won another penalty in a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying match on 3 September when fouled by Bosnia and Herzegovina's Ognjen Vranješ, and converted it past his Chelsea clubmate Asmir Begović to conclude Belgium's 3–1 comeback victory.[273] Three days later, he finished Mertens' cross with four minutes remaining, for the only goal in an away win over Cyprus.[274] On 10 October, Hazard scored a spot-kick again after Óscar Sonejee's handball, in a 4–1 win over Andorra which sealed Belgium's qualification to the continental championship for the first time since co-hosting UEFA Euro 2000.[275]

text: Due to the absence of Kompany, Hazard was named captain of Belgium for the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.[276]

text: Style of play

text: Hazard primarily plays as either an attacking midfielder or a winger and has been credited as being "possibly the outstanding talent in Europe right now".[277] At Lille under former manager Rudi Garcia, Hazard often played in the latter role in the team's 4–3–3 formation and regularly switched flanks because he could use both feet. Following the departures of fellow play-makers Yohan Cabaye and Gervinho in 2011, during the 2011–12 season, Garcia played Hazard in a creative role as a central attacking midfielder, while also allowing the player to roam back onto the wing if necessary. Two of Hazard's most common exemplary traits are his pace and technical ability, which have been described as "astonishing" and "mesmerizing", respectively.[84]

text: At Chelsea, Hazard matured into a world class player and was primarily utilised as a left midfielder. His development into one of the world's best players was highlighted in the 2014–15 Season; during this season he won multiple awards[278] and received praise from pundits and manager alike. Manager Jose Mourinho praised Hazard, saying that "He is already a top player and his evolution has been fantastic. He is still very young and he can become the best player in the world."[279] Hazard's former teammate and Lille captain Rio Mavuba described Hazard as "a great player, with an immense talent. He’s actually not that big, but he’s so fast. He’s also very difficult to dispossess and his finishing is top notch".[84]

text: Reception

text: Hazard's pace coupled with his finishing and inability to be dispossessed easily led to his former coach Claude Puel dubbing him "little Messi", in reference to the Barcelona player.[7] Puel's sentiments were later echoed by former Marseille manager and media personality Rolland Courbis who commented "At times it looks to me like Lionel Messi on the right-hand side".[80] Hazard's "flair and tricky" style of play has been described as being similar to Real Madrid player Cristiano Ronaldo; a comparison later repeated by former French international Christophe Dugarry.[280][281] His vision, described as being the trait he has improved on the most, has allowed him to develop into an effective passer.[282]

text: In Belgium, Hazard's talent and similar ascension up the country's football hierarchy has led to comparisons to former Belgian international Enzo Scifo.[26][283] Both players share the same birthplace and Scifo himself spent time with Hazard while he was in Tubize admitting "Eden, you know, I've coached in Tubize. During the week, I took care of the young people at least once, and he, in those days, I immediately saw he had a secure future".[283]

text: However, despite the positive opinions, Hazard has endured criticism from some. In 2010, former Belgium national team manager Georges Leekens questioned Hazard's work-rate.[284] Lille youth academy director Jean-Michel Vandamme countered both managers' criticism by arguing that Hazard simply possesses an intellectual honesty that is out of the ordinary and unexpected of today's footballer declaring "He is a real competitor, not a cheat, nor a moaner, because you don’t hear him complaining when he gets fouled".[80]

text: Outside football

text: Personal life

text: Hazard is married to Natacha Van Honacker.[285] On 19 December 2010, Belgian and French media announced that she had given birth to a baby boy, Yannis. She gave birth to their second son, Leo, in February 2013,[286][287] and a third son, Samy, in September 2015.[288]

text: Sponsorship

text: In 2012, Hazard signed a sponsorship deal with American sportswear and equipment supplier, Nike. He appeared in an advert for the Nike Green Speed II alongside Mario Götze, Theo Walcott, Raheem Sterling, Christian Eriksen and Stephan El Shaarawy in November 2012.[289][290] Hazard features on the cover of EA Sports' FIFA 15 video game in Belgium, the UK, the Netherlands and France, along with Lionel Messi.[291] Hazard, along with Marco Reus, James Rodríguez and Anthony Martial were announced as the official ambassadors of the game and were the finalists to be the new face of the FIFA 17 game.[292]

text: Since March 2016, Hazard has been appearing in adverts for Belgium based Lotus Bakeries promoting their Biscoff biscuit range, the advert shows him successfully Free kicking a ball into a gap in 10,000 cups.[293]

text: Club ownership

text: On 26 June 2017, Hazard would become a part-owner of expansion North American Soccer League franchise San Diego 1904 FC to begin play in 2018, alongside Demba Ba, Yohan Cabaye and Moussa Sow.[294]

text: Career statistics

text: Club

text:
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition

Club
Season
League
National Cup[nb 1]
League Cup[nb 2]
Continental
Other
Total

Division
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals

Lille
2007–08
Ligue 1
4
0
0
0
0
0
—
—
4
0

2008–09
Ligue 1
30
4
3
1
2
1
—
—
35
6

2009–10
Ligue 1
37
5
1
0
2
1
12[a]
4
—
52
10

2010–11
Ligue 1
38
7
5
3
2
2
9[a]
0
—
54
12

2011–12
Ligue 1
38
20
3
1
1
0
6[b]
0
1[c]
1
49
22

Total
147
36
12
5
7
4
27
4
1
1
194
50

Chelsea
2012–13
Premier League
34
9
6
1
5
2
14[d]
1
3[e]
0
62
13

2013–14
Premier League
35
14
3
0
1
0
10[f]
3
—
49
17

2014–15
Premier League
38
14
1
0
6
2
7[b]
3
—
52
19

2015–16
Premier League
31
4
2
2
1
0
8[b]
0
1[g]
0
43
6

2016–17
Premier League
36
16
4
1
3
0
—
—
43
17

2017–18
Premier League
34
12
5
1
4
1
8[b]
3
0
0
51
17

Total
208
69
21
5
20
5
47
10
4
0
300
89

Career total
355
105
33
10
27
9
74
14
5
1
494
139

tag: table

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Appearances in UEFA Europa League
^ Jump up to: a b c d Appearances in UEFA Champions League
Jump up ^ Appearance in Trophée des Champions
Jump up ^ One appearance in UEFA Super Cup, six appearances in UEFA Champions League, seven appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League
Jump up ^ One appearance in FA Community Shield, two appearances in FIFA Club World Cup
Jump up ^ One appearance and one goal in UEFA Super Cup, nine appearances and two goals in UEFA Champions League
Jump up ^ Appearance in FA Community Shield

tag: ol

text:
Jump up ^ Includes FA Cup and Coupe de France matches
Jump up ^ Includes EFL Cup and Coupe de la Ligue matches

text: International

text:
Appearances and goals by national team and year

National team
Year
Apps
Goals

Belgium[N]

2008
1
0

2009
9
0

2010
7
0

2011
8
1

2012
8
1

2013
9
3

2014
12
1

2015
9
6

2016
14
5

2017
5
4

2018
3
1

Total
85
22

text: ^ Hazard cap against Luxembourg on 26 May 2014 was counted by RBFA but not officially recognised by FIFA due to an excessive number of substitutions according to the Laws of the Game.[296][297]

text: International goals

text:
International goals by date, venue, cap, opponent, score, result and competition

No.
Date
Venue
Cap
Opponent
Score
Result
Competition

1
7 October 2011
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
23
 Kazakhstan
2–0
4–1
UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying

2
25 May 2012
27
 Montenegro
2–1
2–2
Friendly

3
6 February 2013
Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges, Belgium
34
 Slovakia
1–0
2–1

4
22 March 2013
Philip II Arena, Skopje, Macedonia
35
 Macedonia
2–0
2–0
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

5
26 March 2013
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
36
1–0
1–0

6
1 June 2014
Friends Arena, Solna, Sweden
44
 Sweden
2–0
2–0
Friendly

7
28 March 2015
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
54
 Cyprus
4–0
5–0
UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying

8
7 June 2015
Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France
56
 France
4–1
4–3
Friendly

9
3 September 2015
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
58
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
3–1
3–1
UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying

10
6 September 2015
GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus
59
 Cyprus
1–0
1–0

11
10 October 2015
Estadi Nacional, Andorra la Vella, Andorra
60
 Andorra
3–1
4–1

12
13 October 2015
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
61
 Israel
3–0
3–1

13
5 June 2016
65
 Norway
2–2
3–2
Friendly

14
26 June 2016
Stadium Municipal, Toulouse, France
69
 Hungary
3–0
4–0
UEFA Euro 2016

15
7 October 2016
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
73
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2–0
4–0
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

16
10 October 2016
Estádio Algarve, Faro/Loulé, Portugal
74
 Gibraltar
6–0
6–0

17
13 November 2016
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
76
 Estonia
3–0
8–1

18
31 August 2017
Stade Maurice Dufrasne, Liège, Belgium
77
 Gibraltar
6–0
9–0

19
10 October 2017
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
80
 Cyprus
1–0
4–0

20
3–0

21
10 November 2017
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
81
 Mexico
1–0
3–3
Friendly

22
6 June 2018
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels, Belgium
85
 Egypt
2–0
3–0

text: Honours

text: Lille

text:
Ligue 1: 2010–11[3]
Coupe de France: 2010–11[3]

tag: ul

text: Chelsea

text:
Premier League: 2014–15, 2016–17[299]
FA Cup: 2017–18[300]
Football League Cup: 2014–15[3]
UEFA Europa League: 2012–13[3]

text: Individual

text:
UNFP Ligue 1 Young Player of the Year: 2008–09, 2009–10
UNFP Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12
UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Year: 2010–11, 2011–12
UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Month: March 2010, March 2011, March 2012, April 2012[301][302]
Bravo Award: 2011[20]
FIFA FIFPro World XI Nominee: 2012[303]
PFA Team of the Year: 2012–13 Premier League,[304] 2013–14 Premier League,[305] 2014–15 Premier League,[306] 2016–17 Premier League[225]
PFA Young Player of the Year: 2013–14
Chelsea Player of the Year: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17[307][308]
Chelsea Players' Player of the Year: 2014–15[307]
Premier League Player of the Season: 2014–15[309]
FWA Footballer of the Year: 2014–15
PFA Players' Player of the Year: 2014–15
ESM Team of the Year: 2014–15[310]
FIFA FIFPro World XI 2nd team: 2015[311]
FIFA FIFPro World XI 4th team: 2014, 2016, 2017[312][313][314]
UEFA Best Player in Europe Award: 2015 – 6th place[315]
FIFA Ballon d'Or: 2015 – 8th place
Chelsea Goal of the Year: 2015–16 (vs. Tottenham Hotspur), 2016–17 (vs. Arsenal)[316][308]
UEFA European Championship top assist provider: 2016[317]
Premier League Player of the Month: October 2016[223]
PFA Fans' Premier League Player of the Month: October 2016[318]
Premier League Goal of the Month: February 2017[319]
UEFA Team of the Year: 2017[320]
Belgian Golden Shoe: 2017[321]


document_title: Direct current

question_text: what is the frequency of a dc voltage

question_tokens: what is the frequency of a dc voltage

text: Direct current

text: History[edit]

text: Direct current was produced in 1800 in Italian Physicist Alessandro Volta's battery, his Voltaic pile.[5] The nature of how current flowed was not understood. French physicist André-Marie Ampère conjectured that current travelled in one direction from positive to negative.[6] When French instrument maker Hippolyte Pixii built the first dynamo electric generator in 1832, he found that as the magnet used passed the loops of wire each half turn, it caused the flow of electricity to reverse, generating an alternating current.[7] At Ampère's suggestion, Pixii later added a commutator, a type of "switch" where contacts on the shaft work with "brush" contacts to produce direct current.

text: The late 1870s and early 1880s saw electricity starting to be generated at power stations. These were initially set up to power arc lighting (a popular type of street lighting) running on very high voltage (usually higher than 3000 volt) direct current or alternating current.[8] This was followed by the wide spread use of low voltage direct current for indoor electric lighting in business and homes after inventor Thomas Edison launched his incandescent bulb based electric "utility" in 1882. Because of the significant advantages of alternating current over direct current in using transformers to raise and lower voltages to allow much longer transmission distances, direct current was replaced over the next few decades by alternating current in power delivery. In the mid-1950s, high-voltage direct current transmission was developed, and is now an option instead of long-distance high voltage alternating current systems. For long distance underseas cables (e.g. between countries, such as NorNed), this DC option is the only technically feasible option. For applications requiring direct current, such as third rail power systems, alternating current is distributed to a substation, which utilizes a rectifier to convert the power to direct current.

text: Various definitions[edit]

text: The term DC is used to refer to power systems that use only one polarity of voltage or current, and to refer to the constant, zero-frequency, or slowly varying local mean value of a voltage or current.[9] For example, the voltage across a DC voltage source is constant as is the current through a DC current source. The DC solution of an electric circuit is the solution where all voltages and currents are constant. It can be shown that any stationary voltage or current waveform can be decomposed into a sum of a DC component and a zero-mean time-varying component; the DC component is defined to be the expected value, or the average value of the voltage or current over all time.

text: Although DC stands for "direct current", DC often refers to "constant polarity". Under this definition, DC voltages can vary in time, as seen in the raw output of a rectifier or the fluctuating voice signal on a telephone line.

text: Some forms of DC (such as that produced by a voltage regulator) have almost no variations in voltage, but may still have variations in output power and current.

text: Circuits[edit]

text: A direct current circuit is an electrical circuit that consists of any combination of constant voltage sources, constant current sources, and resistors. In this case, the circuit voltages and currents are independent of time. A particular circuit voltage or current does not depend on the past value of any circuit voltage or current. This implies that the system of equations that represent a DC circuit do not involve integrals or derivatives with respect to time.

text: If a capacitor or inductor is added to a DC circuit, the resulting circuit is not, strictly speaking, a DC circuit. However, most such circuits have a DC solution. This solution gives the circuit voltages and currents when the circuit is in DC steady state. Such a circuit is represented by a system of differential equations. The solution to these equations usually contain a time varying or transient part as well as constant or steady state part. It is this steady state part that is the DC solution. There are some circuits that do not have a DC solution. Two simple examples are a constant current source connected to a capacitor and a constant voltage source connected to an inductor.

text: In electronics, it is common to refer to a circuit that is powered by a DC voltage source such as a battery or the output of a DC power supply as a DC circuit even though what is meant is that the circuit is DC powered.

text: Applications[edit]

text: This section needs expansion with: more examples and additional citations (see also introduction). You can help by adding to it. (October 2015)

text: Domestic[edit]

text: DC is commonly found in many extra-low voltage applications and some low-voltage applications, especially where these are powered by batteries or solar power systems (since both can produce only DC).

text: Most electronic circuits require a DC power supply.

text: Domestic DC installations usually have different types of sockets, connectors, switches, and fixtures from those suitable for alternating current. This is mostly due to the lower voltages used, resulting in higher currents to produce the same amount of power.

text: It is usually important with a DC appliance to observe polarity, unless the device has a diode bridge to correct for this.

text: Automotive[edit]

text: Most automotive applications use DC. The alternator is an AC device which uses a rectifier to produce DC. Usually 12 V DC are used, but a few have a 6 V (e.g. classic VW Beetle) or a 42 V electrical system.

text: Telecommunication[edit]

text: Through the use of a DC-DC converter, higher DC voltages such as 48 V to 72 V DC can be stepped down to 36 V, 24 V, 18 V, 12 V, or 5 V to supply different loads. In a telecommunications system operating at 48 V DC, it is generally more efficient to step voltage down to 12 V to 24 V DC with a DC-DC converter and power equipment loads directly at their native DC input voltages, versus operating a 48 V DC to 120 V AC inverter to provide power to equipment.

text: Many telephones connect to a twisted pair of wires, and use a bias tee to internally separate the AC component of the voltage between the two wires (the audio signal) from the DC component of the voltage between the two wires (used to power the phone).

text: Telephone exchange communication equipment, such as DSLAMs, uses standard −48 V DC power supply. The negative polarity is achieved by grounding the positive terminal of power supply system and the battery bank. This is done to prevent electrolysis depositions.

text: High-voltage power transmission[edit]

text: High-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission systems use DC for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current systems. For long-distance transmission, HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses.

text: Other[edit]

text: Applications using fuel cells (mixing hydrogen and oxygen together with a catalyst to produce electricity and water as byproducts) also produce only DC.

text: Light aircraft electrical systems are typically 12 V or 20 V DC.


document_title: Cave painting

question_text: the oldest expression in art is found in caves in the south of what country

text: Cave painting

text: History of discovery[edit]

text: Age[edit]

text: Nearly 340 caves have now been discovered in France and Spain that contain art from prehistoric times. Initially, the age of the paintings had been a contentious issue, since methods like radiocarbon dating can produce misleading results if contaminated by samples of older or newer material,[3] and caves and rocky overhangs (where parietal art is found) are typically littered with debris from many time periods. But subsequent technology has made it possible to date the paintings by sampling the pigment itself and the torch marks on the walls.[4] The choice of subject matter can also indicate chronology. For instance, the reindeer depicted in the Spanish cave of Cueva de las Monedas places the drawings in the last Ice Age.

text: The oldest date given to an animal cave painting is now a pig that has a minimum age of 35,400 years old at Timpuseng cave in Sulawesi, an Indonesian island. Indonesian and Australian scientists have dated other non-figurative paintings on the walls to be approximately 40,000 years old. The method they used to confirm this was dating the age of the stalactites that formed over the top of the paintings.[5][6] The art is similar in style and method to that of the Indonesian caves as there were also hand stencils and disks made by blowing paint onto the walls. Cave paintings in El Castillo cave were found to date back to at least 37,300 years old by researchers at Bristol University, making them the oldest known cave art in Europe, 5–10,000 years older than previous examples from France.[7][8] This date coincides with the earliest known evidence for Homo sapiens in Europe. Because of the cave art's age, some scientists have conjectured that the paintings may have been made by Neanderthals.[9]

text: The earliest known European figurative cave paintings are those of Chauvet Cave in France. These paintings date to earlier than 30,000 BCE (Upper Paleolithic) according to radiocarbon dating.[10] Some researchers believe the drawings are too advanced for this era and question this age.[11] However, more than 80 radiocarbon dates had been obtained by 2011, with samples taken from torch marks and from the paintings themselves, as well as from animal bones and charcoal found on the cave floor. The radiocarbon dates from these samples show that there were two periods of creation in Chauvet: 35,000 years ago and 30,000 years ago. One of the surprises was that many of the paintings were modified repeatedly over thousands of years, possibly explaining the confusion about finer paintings that seemed to date earlier than cruder ones.[12] In 2009, cavers discovered drawings in Coliboaia Cave in Romania, stylistically comparable to those at Chauvet.[13] An initial dating puts the age of an image in the same range as Chauvet: about 32,000 years old.[2]

text: In Australia, cave paintings have been found on the Arnhem Land plateau showing megafauna which are thought to have been extinct for over 40,000 years, making this site another candidate for oldest known painting; however, the proposed age is dependent on the estimate of the extinction of the species seemingly depicted.[14] Another Australian site, Nawarla Gabarnmang, has charcoal drawings that have been radiocarbon-dated to 28,000 years, making it the oldest site in Australia and among the oldest in the world for which reliable date evidence has been obtained.[15]

text: Other examples may date as late as the Early Bronze Age, but the well-known Magdalenian style seen at Lascaux in France (c. 15,000 BCE) and Altamira in Spain died out about 10,000 BCE, coinciding with the advent of the Neolithic period. Some caves probably continued to be painted over a period of several thousands of years.[16]

text: The next phase of surviving European prehistoric painting, the rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin, was very different, concentrating on large assemblies of smaller and much less detailed figures, with at least as many humans as animals. This was created roughly between 10,000 and 5,500 years ago, and painted in rock shelters under cliffs or shallow caves, in contrast to the recesses of deep caves used in the earlier (and much colder) period. Though individual figures are less naturalistic, they are grouped in coherent grouped compositions to a much greater degree.

text: Subjects, themes and patterns[edit]

text: The most common subjects in cave paintings are large wild animals, such as bison, horses, aurochs, and deer, and tracings of human hands as well as abstract patterns, called finger flutings. The species found most often were suitable for hunting by humans, but were not necessarily the actual typical prey found in associated deposits of bones; for example, the painters of Lascaux have mainly left reindeer bones, but this species does not appear at all in the cave paintings, where equine species are the most common. Drawings of humans were rare and are usually schematic as opposed to the more detailed and naturalistic images of animal subjects. One explanation for this may be that realistically painting the human form was "forbidden by a powerful religious taboo."[17] Kieran D. O'Hara, geologist, suggests in his book Cave Art and Climate Change that climate controlled the themes depicted.[18] Pigments used include red and yellow ochre, hematite, manganese oxide and charcoal. Sometimes the silhouette of the animal was incised in the rock first, and in some caves all or many of the images are only engraved in this fashion, taking them somewhat out of a strict definition of "cave painting".

text: Similarly, large animals are also the most common subjects in the many small carved and engraved bone or ivory (less often stone) pieces dating from the same periods. But these include the group of Venus figurines, which have no real equivalent in cave paintings.[citation needed]

text: Hand stencils, made by placing a hand on the wall and blowing pigment at it (probably through a pipe of some kind), form a characteristic image of a roughly round area of solid pigment with the uncoloured shape of the hand in the centre, which may then be decorated with lines or dashes. These are often found in the same caves as other paintings, or may be the only form of painting in a location. Some walls contain many hand stencils. Similar hands are also painted in the usual fashion. A number of hands show a finger wholly or partly missing, for which a number of explanations have been given. Hand images are found in similar forms in Europe, Eastern Asia and South America.[19]

text: Theories and interpretations[edit]

text: Henri Breuil interpreted the paintings as being hunting magic, meant to increase the number of animals.

text: Another theory, developed by David Lewis-Williams and broadly based on ethnographic studies of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies, is that the paintings were made by paleolithic shamans.[20] The shaman would retreat into the darkness of the caves, enter into a trance state, and then paint images of their visions, perhaps with some notion of drawing power out of the cave walls themselves.

text: R. Dale Guthrie, who has studied both highly artistic and publicized paintings and a variety of lower quality art and figurines, identifies a wide range of skill and ages among the artists. He hypothesizes that the main themes in the paintings and other artifacts (powerful beasts, risky hunting scenes and the representation of women in the Venus figurines) are the work of adolescent males, who constituted a large part of the human population at the time.[21][verification needed] However, in analyzing hand prints and stencils in French and Spanish caves, Dean Snow of Pennsylvania State University has proposed that a proportion of them, including those around the spotted horses in Pech Merle, were of female hands.[22]

text: Locations[edit]

text: Southern Africa[edit]

text: At uKhahlamba / Drakensberg Park, South Africa, now thought to be some 3,000 years old, the paintings by the San people who settled in the area some 8,000 years ago depict animals and humans, and are thought to represent religious beliefs. Human figures are much more common in the rock art of Africa than in Europe.[23]

text: Cave paintings found at the Apollo 11 Cave in Namibia are estimated to date from approximately 23,000–25,000 BCE.[24]

text: Horn of Africa[edit]

text: In 2002, a French archaeological team discovered the Laas Geel cave paintings on the outskirts of Hargeisa in the northwestern region of Somaliland. Dating back around 5,000 years, the paintings depict both wild animals and decorated cows. They also feature herders, who are believed to be the creators of the rock art.[25] In 2008, Somali archaeologists announced the discovery of other cave paintings in Somalia's northern Dhambalin region, which the researchers suggest includes one of the earliest known depictions of a hunter on horseback. The rock art is in the Ethiopian-Arabian style, dated to 1000 to 3000 BCE.[26][27]

text: Additionally, between the towns of Las Khorey and El Ayo inKarinhegane, the site of numerous cave paintings of real and mythical animals. Each painting has an inscription below it, which collectively have been estimated to be around 2,500 years old.[28][29] Karihegane's rock art is in the same distinctive Ethiopian-Arabian style as the Laas Geel and Dhambalin cave paintings.[30][31] Around 25 miles from Las Khorey is found Gelweita, another key rock art site.[29]

text: In Djibouti, rock art of what appear to be antelopes and a giraffe are also found at Dorra and Balho.[32]

text: North Africa[edit]

text: Many cave paintings are found in the Tassili n'Ajjer mountains in southeast Algeria. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the rock art was first discovered in 1933 and has since yielded 15,000 engravings and drawings that keep a record of the various animal migrations, climatic shifts, and change in human inhabitation patterns in this part of the Sahara from 6000 BCE to the late classical period.[33] Other cave paintings are also found at the Akakus, Mesak Settafet and Tadrart in Libya and other Sahara regions including: Ayr mountains, Niger and Tibesti, Chad.

text: The Cave of Swimmers and the Cave of Beasts in southwest Egypt, near the border with Libya, in the mountainous Gilf Kebir region of the Sahara Desert. The Cave of Swimmers was discovered in October 1933 by the Hungarian explorer László Almásy. The site contains rock painting images of people swimming, which are estimated to have been created 10,000 years ago during the time of the most recent Ice Age.

text: Australia[edit]

text: Significant early cave paintings, executed in ochre, have been found in Kakadu, Australia. Ochre is not an organic material, so carbon dating of these pictures is often impossible. Sometimes the approximate date, or at least, an epoch, can be surmised from the painting content, contextual artifacts, or organic material intentionally or inadvertently mixed with the inorganic ochre paint, including torch soot.[4]

text: A red ochre painting, discovered at the centre of the Arnhem Land Plateau, depicts two emu-like birds with their necks outstretched. They have been identified by a palaeontologist as depicting the megafauna species Genyornis, giant birds thought to have become extinct more than 40,000 years ago; however, this evidence is inconclusive for dating. It may merely suggest that Genyornis became extinct at a later date than previously determined.[14]

text: The Whitsunday Islands are also home to a surprising number of cave paintings. The cave paintings by the seafaring Ngaro people on Hook Island, Australia, are remarkable for their non-figurative, non-representational, or abstract content. Their significance is a mystery.

text: Europe[edit]

text: Well-known cave paintings include those of:

text:
Magura Cave, Bulgaria
Cave of El Castillo, Spain
Lascaux, France
Grotte de Cussac, France
Pech Merle, near Cabrerets, France
La Marche, in Lussac-les-Châteaux, France
Les Combarelles, in Les Eyzies de Tayac, Dordogne, France
Chauvet Cave, near Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, France
Cave of Niaux, France
Cosquer Cave, with an entrance below sea level near Marseille, France
Font-de-Gaume, in the Dordogne Valley in France
Cave of Altamira, near Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, Spain
Cave of La Pasiega, Cuevas de El Castillo, Cantabria, Spain
Caves of Gargas, France

text: Other sites include Creswell Crags, Nottinghamshire, England, (cave etchings and bas-reliefs discovered in 2003), Peștera Coliboaia in Romania,[34] Magura Cave in Bulgaria, and Kapova Cave in Russia.

text: Rock painting was also performed on cliff faces, but fewer of those have survived because of erosion. One example is the rock paintings of Astuvansalmi in the Saimaa area of Finland.

text: When Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola first encountered the Magdalenian paintings of the Altamira cave, Cantabria, Spain in 1879, the academics of the time considered them hoaxes. Recent reappraisals and numerous additional discoveries have since demonstrated their authenticity, while at the same time stimulating interest in the artistry of Upper Palaeolithic peoples.

text: India[edit]

text: The Bhimbetka rock shelters exhibit the earliest traces of human life in India; a number of analyses suggest that some of these shelters were inhabited by humans for more than 100,000 years. The earliest paintings on the cave walls are believed to be of the Mesolithic period, dating to 30,000 years ago. The most recent painting, consisting of geometric figures, date to the medieval period. Executed mainly in red and white with the occasional use of green and yellow, the paintings depict the lives and times of the people who lived in the caves, including scenes of childbirth, communal dancing and drinking, religious rites and burials, as well as indigenous animals.[35]

text: North America[edit]

text: Distinctive monochrome and polychrome cave paintings and murals exist in the mid-peninsula regions of southern Baja California and northern Baja California Sur, consisting of Pre-Columbian paintings of humans, land animals, sea creatures, and abstract designs. These paintings are mostly confined to the sierras of this region, but can also be found in outlying mesas and rock shelters. According to recent radiocarbon studies of the area, of materials recovered from archaeological deposits in the rock shelters and on materials in the paintings themselves, suggest that the Great Murals may have a time range extending as far back as 7,500 years ago.[36]

text: Native artists in the Chumash tribes created cave paintings that are located in present-day Santa Barbara, Ventura, and San Luis Obispo Counties in Southern California. They include well executed examples at Burro Flats Painted Cave and Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park.

text: There are also Native American pictogram examples in caves of the Southwestern United States. Cave art that is 6,000 years old was found in the Cumberland Plateau region of Tennessee.[37]

text: South America[edit]

text: Serra da Capivara National Park is a national park in the north east of Brazil with many prehistoric paintings; the park was created to protect the prehistoric artifacts and paintings found there. It became a World Heritage Site in 1991. Its best known archaeological site is Pedra Furada.

text: It is located in northeast state of Piauí, between latitudes 8° 26' 50" and 8° 54' 23" south and longitudes 42° 19' 47" and 42° 45' 51" west. It falls within the municipal areas of São Raimundo Nonato, São João do Piauí, Coronel José Dias and Canto do Buriti. It has an area of 1291.4 square kilometres (319,000 acres). The area has the largest concentration of prehistoric small farms on the American continents. Scientific studies confirm that the Capivara mountain range was densely populated in prehistoric periods.

text: Cueva de las Manos (Spanish for "Cave of the Hands") is a cave located in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, 163 km (101 mi) south of the town of Perito Moreno, within the borders of the Francisco P. Moreno National Park, which includes many sites of archaeological and paleontological importance.

text: The hand images are often negative (stencilled). Besides these there are also depictions of human beings, guanacos, rheas, felines and other animals, as well as geometric shapes, zigzag patterns, representations of the sun, and hunting scenes. Similar paintings, though in smaller numbers, can be found in nearby caves. There are also red dots on the ceilings, probably made by submerging their hunting bolas in ink, and then throwing them up. The colours of the paintings vary from red (made from hematite) to white, black or yellow. The negative hand impressions date to around 550 BC, the positive impressions from 180 BC, while the hunting drawings are calculated to more than 10,000 years old.[38] Most of the hands are left hands, which suggests that painters held the spraying pipe with their right hand.[citation needed]

text: Southeast Asia[edit]

text: There are rock paintings in caves in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Burma. In Thailand, caves and scarps along the Thai-Burmese border, in the Petchabun Range of Central Thailand, and overlooking the Mekong River in Nakorn Sawan Province, all contain galleries of rock paintings. In Malaysia the oldest paintings are at Gua Tambun in Perak, dated at 2000 years, and those in the Painted Cave at Niah Caves National Park are 1200 years old. The anthropologist Ivor Hugh Norman Evans visited Malaysia in the early 1920s and found that some of the tribes (especially Negritos) were still producing cave paintings and had added depictions of modern objects including what are believed to be cars.[39] (See prehistoric Malaysia.)

text: In Indonesia the caves at Maros in Sulawesi are famous for their hand prints. About 1500 negative handprints have also been found in 30 painted caves in the Sangkulirang area of Kalimantan; preliminary dating analysis puts their age in the range of 10,000 years old.[40][41] In October 2014 it was announced that the Maros painting had been dated as being about 40,000 years old. Dr Maxime Aubert, of Griffith University in Queensland, Australia, said that the minimum age for the outline of a hand was 39,900 years old, which made it "the oldest hand stencil in the world" and added, "Next to it is a pig that has a minimum age of 35,400 years old, and this is one of the oldest figurative depictions in the world, if not the oldest one."[42][43]

text: The Padah-Lin Caves of Burma contain 11,000-year-old paintings and many rock tools.

text: In the Philippines at Tabon Caves the oldest artwork may be a relief of a shark above the cave entrance. It was partially disfigured by a later jar burial scene.

text: East Asia[edit]

text: Originating in the Paleolithic period, the rock art found in Khoit Tsenkher Cave, Mongolia, includes symbols and animal forms painted from the walls up to the ceiling.[44] Stags, buffalo, oxen, ibex, lions, Argali sheep, antelopes, camels, elephants, ostriches, and other animal pictorials are present, often forming a palimpsest of overlapping images. The paintings appear brown or red in color, and are stylistically similar to other Paleolithic rock art from around the world but are unlike any other examples in Mongolia.