document_title: Kansas (band)

question_text: when did carry on wayward son come out

question_tokens: when did carry on wayward son come out

text: Kansas (band)

text: History[edit]

text: 1970–1973: Early years[edit]

text: In 1969 Lynn Meredith, Don Montre, Dan Wright and Kerry Livgren (guitars, keyboards, synthesizers) were performing in a band called The Reasons Why in their hometown of Topeka, Kansas. After changing the band's name to Saratoga, they started playing Livgren's original material with Scott Kessler playing bass and Zeke Lowe on drums.

text: In 1970 they changed the band's name to Kansas and merged with members of rival Topeka progressive rock group White Clover. White Clover members Dave Hope (bass) and Phil Ehart (drums, percussion) joined with Livgren, vocalists Meredith and Greg Allen, keyboardists Montre and Wright and saxophonist Larry Baker.[3] This early Kansas group, which lasted until early 1971 when Ehart, Hope and some of the others left to re-form White Clover, is sometimes referred to as Kansas I.

text: Ehart was replaced by Zeke Lowe and later Brad Schulz, Hope was replaced by Rod Mikinski on bass, and Baker was replaced by John Bolton on saxophone and flute. (This lineup is sometimes referred to as Kansas II, and 30 years later would re-form under the name Proto-Kaw).

text: In 1972, after Ehart returned from England (where he had gone to look for other musicians), he and Hope once again re-formed White Clover with Robby Steinhardt (vocals, violin, viola, cello), Steve Walsh (vocals, keyboards, synthesizers, percussion) and Rich Williams (guitars). In early 1973 they recruited Livgren from the second Kansas group, which then folded.[5] Eventually they received a recording contract with Don Kirshner's eponymous label, after Kirshner's assistant, Wally Gold, heard one of their demo tapes and came out to check out the band at one of their local gigs in March 1973. After signing with Kirshner, the group decided to return to using the name "Kansas".

text: 1974–1979: Rise to national prominence[edit]

text: Their self-titled debut album, produced by Gold, was released in March 1974, nearly a year after it was recorded in New York. It defined the band's signature sound, a mix of American-style boogie rock and complex, symphonic arrangements with changing time signatures. Steinhardt's violin was a distinctive element of the group's sound, being defined more by heartland rock than the jazz and classical influences which most progressive rock violinists followed.

text: The band slowly developed a cult following, due to promotion by Kirshner and extensive touring for the debut album and its two follow-ups, Song for America (February 1975) and Masque (October 1975). Song for America was co-produced by Wally Gold and their former White Clover bandmate Jeff Glixman, who would go on to produce all of their albums from Masque to Two for the Show (October 1978) on his own, returning to the helm for 1995's Freaks of Nature. Both Masque and their next release, Leftoverture, were recorded at a studio in the middle of the Louisiana Bayou named Studio in the Country.

text: Kansas released its fourth album, Leftoverture, in October 1976, which produced a hit single, "Carry On Wayward Son", in 1977. The follow-up, Point of Know Return, recorded at Studio in the Country and Woodland Sound in Nashville and released in October 1977, featured the title track and "Dust in the Wind", both hit singles. Leftoverture was a breakthrough for the band, hitting No. 5 on Billboard's pop album chart. Point of Know Return peaked even higher, at No. 4. Leftoverture and Point each sold over four million copies in the U.S. Both "Carry On Wayward Son" and "Dust in the Wind" were certified gold singles, selling over one million units each. "Dust in the Wind" was certified gold as a digital download by the RIAA in 2005, almost 30 years after selling one million copies as a single. Leftoverture was eventually certified five-times platinum by the RIAA in 2001.

text: During this period, Kansas became a major headlining act and sold out the largest venues available to rock bands at the time, including New York's Madison Square Garden. The band documented this era in 1978 with Two for the Show, a double live album of recordings from various performances from its 1977 and 1978 tours. The band gained a solid reputation for faithful live reproduction of their studio recordings.

text: In March 1978 Kansas was brought over to tour Europe for the very first time and later on that same year, they were named UNICEF Deputy Ambassadors of Goodwill.[6]

text: The follow-up studio album to Point of Know Return was Monolith (May 1979), which was self-produced. The album generated a Top 40 single in "People of the South Wind", whose title refers to the meaning of the 'Kanza' (Kaw) Native American people, after whom the state and the band are named. The album failed to garner the sales and radio airplay of its two predecessors. Nevertheless, the album eventually went platinum. Livgren's platinum award for the album is on display at the Kansas History Museum.[7] The band toured the US for Monolith during the summer and fall of 1979 then went over to tour Japan for the first time in January 1980.

text: 1980–1984: Creative tensions[edit]

text: Kansas' band members began to drift apart in the early 1980s. During the tour supporting Monolith, Livgren became a born-again Christian, and this was reflected in his lyrics on the next three albums, beginning with Audio-Visions (September 1980). "Hold On", a Top 40 single from that album, displayed his new-found faith. Hope soon converted to Christianity as well. This would be the final album with the original lineup (until they briefly reunited in 1999-2000), and also the last Kansas studio album to be certified gold by the RIAA.

text: Due to creative differences over the lyrical direction of the next album, Walsh left in October 1981 to form a new band, Streets. In early 1982 Walsh was replaced by vocalist/keyboardist/guitarist John Elefante,[3] who—unknown to Livgren and Hope at the time—was also a Christian.[8] He was chosen from over 200 applicants, such as Sammy Hagar, Doug Pinnick, Ted Neeley (who played the title character in the movie Jesus Christ Superstar), Warren Ham (ex-Bloodrock, who would join the band on the road in 1982 adding sax, flute, harmonica, back-up vocals and extra keyboards) and Michael Gleason (who would supply keyboards and back-up vocals on the group's 1983 tour).

text: Kansas' first album with Elefante, Vinyl Confessions, was released in June 1982. The record renewed interest in the group and generated the band's first Top 20 hit in several years, "Play the Game Tonight", which hit number 4 on Billboard's newly deployed Mainstream Rock chart. The album's mostly Christianity-based lyrics attracted a new audience. Still, sales of the album fell short of gold status.

text: Drastic Measures followed in July 1983. For various reasons, Livgren contributed only three songs to the album. The rest were penned by the Elefante brothers (John and Dino, who later became successful producers for contemporary Christian music artists, including Sweet Comfort Band, Petra, Bride, Rick Cua and Guardian). With violinist Steinhardt leaving the group before the recording sessions, the result was a more mainstream pop-rock album. Though the album charted lower than any Kansas album since Masque, peaking at number 41, its single "Fight Fire with Fire" fared better. It did not crack the Top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100, but reached No. 3 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. It was the highest chart position of any Kansas release on any chart, though this particular chart did not exist prior to 1981. For their 1983 tour for Drastic Measures, Kansas was joined on stage by the aforementioned Michael Gleason and Terry Brock (who covered the absent Steinhardt's harmony vocals).

text: During the band's time with Elefante as lead vocalist, Livgren became increasingly uncomfortable with Kansas representing his Christian worldview. After a final New Year's Eve performance on December 31, 1983, Livgren and Hope left to form AD with Warren Ham and Michael Gleason. They were joined by drummer Dennis Holt.

text: Elefante, Ehart and Williams sought to continue as Kansas and recorded one more song, "Perfect Lover", which appeared on the retrospective The Best of Kansas (August 1984), which has sold over 4 million units in the U.S. alone. The song would eventually be removed in favor of other songs on the remastered release of the compilation. The group disbanded after its release, which thus became the final Kansas recording with Elefante. Since leaving the band, Elefante has become a popular Contemporary Christian music artist and has not performed with the group since.

text: In March 1984 Ehart, Williams and Elefante were part of a United Service Organizations (USO) tour of US military bases that had been put together by Ehart, called 1st Airborne Rock and Roll Division, that also included Patrick Simmons (Doobie Brothers), Leon Medica (LeRoux), David Jenkins, Cory Lerios and John Pierce (from Pablo Cruise) and Robin Zander, Rick Nielsen and Bun E. Carlos (from Cheap Trick). The supergroup began four days of rehearsals in Hawaii on March 10 before beginning a 17-day tour playing for the United States Seventh Fleet in the Indian Ocean and land-based troops in Korea, Okinawa, Diego Garcia and the Philippines. This was followed by a second USO tour in March 1985 that included Ehart, Williams and Steve Walsh.

text: 1985–1990: Reformation[edit]

text: In July 1985 the band came back together with Ehart, Williams and Walsh (who had briefly played keyboards on the road for Cheap Trick in the spring and summer of 1985 after the break up of Streets), but without Livgren, Hope or Steinhardt.[3] The new lineup included Streets bassist Billy Greer and guitarist Steve Morse (formerly of the Dixie Dregs). The first performances of the new lineup with Morse and Greer took place during a third USO 1st Airborne Rock and Roll Division tour that toured US military bases in the US, Japan, Okinawa, the Philippines, Singapore, Iceland and most of Europe during the late summer through early October 1986.

text: The re-formed band released Power in November 1986. The first single, "All I Wanted", became the last Kansas single to hit the Billboard Top 40 chart, peaking at No. 19.[3] It also received considerable airplay on MTV. Two more singles, the title track and "Can't Cry Anymore", were less successful, "Power" hitting the lower end of the Hot 100 and getting substantial play and charting on the Rock Charts, but "Can't Cry Anymore" receiving little airplay despite a clever music video.

text: The band added New Orleans native Greg Robert on keyboards and back-up vocals at the suggestion of LeRoux's Leon Medica. Greg played his first show with Kansas on January 31, 1987 at Roberto Clemente Stadium in Puerto Rico. The new lineup released a second album, In the Spirit of Things, in October 1988. The concept album and subsequent tour were popular with the fan base but did not receive widespread airplay beyond the "Stand Beside Me" video on MTV. Morse temporarily left the band at the end of a tour of Germany in April 1989.

text: On September 15, 1990, Walsh, Williams and Ehart played a charity event at the Saddlerock Ranch in Malibu, California, alongside Saga, Lou Gramm (of Foreigner), Mr. Big, Eddie Money, Kevin Cronin (from REO Speedwagon) and others. Alex Lifeson joined them on stage for a short set of Kansas before Geddy Lee flew in to join Alex for a Rush set, with Ehart on drums subbing for Neil Peart.[9]

text: In November 1990 a German promoter arranged to reunite all the original members of Kansas (except for Steinhardt) for a European tour. Greer joined them, along with keyboardist Greg Robert. At the end of the tour, Hope left again, but Livgren remained on into 1991.

text: 1991–1997: Addition of David Ragsdale[edit]

text: In March 1991 violinist David Ragsdale (who had submitted a tape of his playing to Ehart several years earlier) was invited to join the group and the return of the violin allowed Kansas to perform earlier material in arrangements closer to the originals. Livgren left during the 1991 summer tour, to be replaced temporarily by Steve Morse again. After the tour, Morse left the band for good to return to his own projects and eventually become a member of Deep Purple, and Ragsdale took over the extra guitar parts, leaving Williams as the primary guitar player. The resulting lineup of Ehart, Greer, Ragsdale, Robert, Walsh and Williams lasted from 1991 to 1997. This period saw one live album and accompanying video, Live at the Whisky (July 1992), and one studio album, Freaks of Nature (May 1995).

text: During the fall of 1993, drummer Van Romaine (formerly of Blood Sweat and Tears and Steve Morse's band) came in to substitute for Ehart, who was taking care of the group's business and putting together The Kansas Boxed Set, which was released in July 1994. Bryan Holmes, from The Producers, likewise filled in for Ehart during the spring and summer of 1994 until that December, when Phil returned for a tour of Germany.

text: On July 28, 1995 Kansas was inducted into the Rock Walk of Fame in Hollywood.

text: 1997–2006: Return of Robby Steinhardt[edit]

text: In early 1997, Robert and Ragsdale left the band, and Steinhardt returned.

text: In May 1998 Kansas released Always Never the Same, which featured Larry Baird conducting the London Symphony Orchestra. The album was a mix of older Kansas material (with new arrangements by Baird), several new songs, and a cover of "Eleanor Rigby".

text: Somewhere to Elsewhere, a new studio album released in July 2000, featured all the original members of Kansas, plus Greer, with all songs written by Kerry Livgren. That same summer, Kansas was the opening act for Yes during their "Masterworks" tour.

text: During the late 1990s and early 2000s, Livgren would occasionally attend Kansas shows and come on stage to play one or more songs with the band. At a March 9, 2002 concert at Lake Tahoe, he played the whole show, subbing for Rich Williams, who was "under the weather" and another live album and DVD from Kansas, entitled Device - Voice - Drum, which was recorded in the band's present home of Atlanta, was released on June 15, 2002.

text: Also in 2002, Kansas II (the lineup prior to the recording and release of Kansas' first album) released an album under the name Proto-Kaw, featuring demos and live material recorded from 1971 to 1973. This led to a new studio album, Before Became After (2004), with most of the Kansas II members participating. Proto-Kaw released a third album, The Wait of Glory, in 2006 and their fourth and final studio album, Forth, was released in 2011, after which the band ceased.

text: 2006–2014: Continued touring and regained popularity[edit]

text: Kansas continued to tour every year. The 2006 tour was delayed for a few weeks due to Steinhardt's second departure in March[10] and Ragsdale's subsequent return to the lineup.

text: In 2008 the Kansas website announced that four of the five members (Ehart, Ragsdale, Williams and Greer) had formed a side recording group called Native Window, and they released their self-titled debut album in June 2009.

text: In February 2009 Kansas recorded a concert in Topeka featuring a full symphony orchestra, with Larry Baird conducting. Morse and Livgren appeared as special guests on several songs. The performance was released on CD, DVD and Blu-ray as There's Know Place Like Home that October, and the DVD hit No. 5 on the Billboard Music Video Chart the week after its release.

text: In July 2010 Kansas completed a 30-day "United We Rock" tour with fellow classic rock acts Styx and Foreigner. Kansas then began a collegiate tour in September 2010. On this tour, they performed with the symphony orchestras of various US colleges in an effort to raise money for the individual schools' music programs. The success of the tour led the band to start another one the following year.

text: On September 13, 2012 Kansas began a new tour with a performance at the Best Buy Theater in New York City. Opening for them was the band King's X and a one-man-band called That 1 Guy. This tour featured many hits from the albums Leftoverture and Point of Know Return, as well as material from a number of their other albums.

text: The band kicked off 2013 being featured on the Rock Legends II cruise. The floating rock festival for a cause aboard Royal Caribbean International's Liberty of the Seas departed January 10, 2013 from Fort Lauderdale, FL. Other big names included Foreigner, Paul Rodgers, Creedence Clearwater Revisited, Bachman & Turner, 38 Special, The Marshall Tucker Band, Blue Öyster Cult, Foghat, and Molly Hatchet.

text: On March 1, 2013, Kansas announced a 40th anniversary celebration was in the works. However, Steinhardt suffered a heart attack days before the concert and was unable to participate.[11]

text: 2014–present: Retirement of Steve Walsh, The Prelude Implicit[edit]

text: On July 2, 2014 a statement was issued on the band's official Facebook page announcing the impending retirement of lead singer Steve Walsh.

text: On July 6, 2014, former Kansas lead singer John Elefante issued a statement that he had been contacted by the band on July 2 to discuss rejoining. However, on July 4, after turning to prayer, he said that it was not meant to be. At that point, he also cited Steve Walsh as one of the reasons he wanted to become a singer.[12]

text: A statement was issued on July 14, 2014 through the band's official Facebook page stating that Chicago native Ronnie Platt (who had previously sung with Shooting Star) had been selected as the band's new lead vocalist and keyboard player.

text: On July 24, 2014, the band announced that their longtime lighting specialist David Manion would be handling the main keyboard parts for the band on stage along with Platt, giving the group a full-time keyboardist for the first time since Greg Robert's departure in 1997. Manion had also handled keyboard responsibilities for Kansas' bassist and vocalist Billy Greer's band, Seventh Key.[13]

text: In March 2015 the band released a documentary, Miracles Out of Nowhere.[14] The documentary chronicles the band's formation and follows them throughout their success with Leftoverture and Point of Know Return. It was initially available in a limited-edition release that contained an extra DVD of bonus interviews. The documentary was released alongside a companion CD of the same name that contained a selection of the band's greatest hits along with snippets of commentary from the documentary.

text: On September 1, 2015, a press release announced that Kansas had signed with Inside Out Music, a German label dedicated to progressive rock and related genres, for the release of their upcoming 15th studio album.[15] The release of this album marked the longest period to date between studio releases since Kansas' previous album, Somewhere to Elsewhere, had been released over 15 years prior, in 2000. On February 26, 2016, the group officially announced The Prelude Implicit for a September 2016 release.[16] The album's co-producer and co-writer, Zak Rizvi, was subsequently named as a full member of the band, giving Kansas a second full-time guitarist for the first time since Steve Morse's departure in 1991.[17]

text: On September 30, 2016, the current lineup kicked off a multi-city tour at the Benedum Center in Pittsburgh, in celebration of the 40th anniversary of the release of Leftoverture, which was done again in the spring of 2017 with a twelve show 40th anniversary tour, that, like the fall jaunt, included performances of newer tracks, older songs and a complete rendering of the full Leftoverture album. A two CD set, Leftoverture Live & Beyond, was released in November 2017 that contained nineteen songs culled from different shows during the tour and the band's 2017 fall dates also included further 40th anniversary shows.

text: In 2018 the group decided to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Point of Know Return by playing that album in its entirety at the shows on a tour, set to begin in September.

text: Influences[edit]

text: Kansas' musical style, the fusion of hard rock, southern rock and progressive rock,[18] was influenced by several previous bands. The music of Yes and Genesis was inspirational to Kansas, especially demonstrated in the lyrics of Walsh.[19] Livgren cited the 1960s band Touch as foundational to his development.[20] Livgren's evolving spirituality is reflected in the band's songs, with early works showing an interest in the mysticism of Eastern religions, works in the late 1970s influenced by the American spiritual philosophy of The Urantia Book, followed in the early 1980s by works embracing born-again Christianity.[21] The re-formed band produced a harder pop metal album in the late 1980s.[19][2]

text: In a 2003 interview with The A.V. Club, Berkeley Breathed, the creator of the Opus comic strip, revealed that "Opus was named after a Kansas song." From the band's 1976 album Leftoverture, the songs "Opus Insert" and the epic "Magnum Opus" could both be the inspiration for the name. He also added, "If you're too young to know who Kansas was, to hell with you."

text: Appearances in other media[edit]

text: "Carry On Wayward Son" has been covered by many artists. It was included on soundtracks for the following movies and television shows: Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Family Guy, Gentlemen Broncos, Happy Gilmore, Heroes (1977), Scrubs, South Park ("Guitar Queer-o" episode), King of the Hill ("My Own Private Rodeo"), Strangers with Candy ("Yes You Can't"), Supernatural (during the intro for each season finale), and Supernatural: The Anime Series (as the ending for each episode). It was also featured in the video games Grand Theft Auto V, Guitar Hero II, Guitar Hero Smash Hits, Rock Band 2, and Rock Band Unplugged.

text: "Dust in the Wind" was parodied by comedian Tim Hawkins, the parody called "A Whiff Of Kansas" which is on the Pretty Pink Tractor album, and a video parody on the Insanitized live DVD. In 2016, the music video for the song was parodied on The Late Late Show with James Corden.[22]

text: Band members[edit]

text:
Phil Ehart - drums, percussion (1973–1984, 1985–present)
Rich Williams - lead and rhythm guitar (1973–1984, 1985–present)
Billy Greer - bass, backing vocals (1985–present), lead vocals (2006–present)
David Ragsdale - violin, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1991–1997, 2006–present)
Ronnie Platt - lead and backing vocals, keyboards (2014–present)
David Manion - keyboards, backing vocals (2014–present)
Zak Rizvi - rhythm and lead guitar, backing vocals (2016–present)

text:
Kerry Livgren - lead and rhythm guitar, keyboards (1973–1983, 1990–1991, 1999–2000)
Dave Hope - bass (1973–1983, 1990, 1999–2000)
Robby Steinhardt - violin, backing and lead vocals (1973–1982, 1997–2006)
Steve Walsh - lead vocals, keyboards, percussion (1973–1981, 1985–2014), backing vocals (1973–1981, 1997–2014)
John Elefante - lead vocals, keyboards (1982–1984), backing vocals (1982)
Steve Morse - lead guitar, backing vocals (1985–1991)
Greg Robert - keyboards (1990–1997; Touring member: 1986–1990)

text:
Budd Carr (1974–1989)
Phil Ehart (1990–present)

text:
Line-ups in eras

Years
Lineup
Albums

1973–1981

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Dave Hope – bass
Kerry Livgren – lead and rhythm guitar, keyboards
Robby Steinhardt – violin, backing and lead vocals
Steve Walsh – lead and backing vocals, keyboards, percussion
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar

Kansas (1974)
Song for America (1975)
Masque (1975)
Leftoverture (1976)
Point of Know Return (1977)
Two for the Show (1978)
Monolith (1979)
Audio-Visions (1980)

1982–1983

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Dave Hope – bass
Kerry Livgren – lead and rhythm guitar, keyboards
Robby Steinhardt – violin, backing and lead vocals
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
John Elefante – lead and backing vocals, keyboards

Vinyl Confessions (1982)

1983

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Dave Hope – bass
Kerry Livgren – lead and rhythm guitar, keyboards
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
John Elefante – lead vocals, keyboards

Drastic Measures (1983)

1984

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitar
John Elefante – lead vocals, keyboards

The Best of Kansas (1984)
(1 new song)

1984–1985
Disbanded

1985–1986

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Morse – lead guitar
Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards

1986–1989

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Morse – lead guitar, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards
Greg Robert (touring member) – keyboards

Power (1986)
In the Spirit of Things (1988)

1989–1990

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards
Greg Robert (touring member) – keyboards

1990

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards
Dave Hope – bass
Kerry Livgren – lead and rhythm guitar, keyboards
Greg Robert – keyboards

1990–1991

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards
Kerry Livgren – lead and rhythm guitar, keyboards
Greg Robert – keyboards

1991

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards
Kerry Livgren – lead guitar, keyboards
Greg Robert – keyboards
David Ragsdale – violin, rhythm guitar, backing vocals

1991

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards
Greg Robert – keyboards
David Ragsdale – violin, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Steve Morse – lead guitar, backing vocals

1991–1997

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards
Greg Robert – keyboards
David Ragsdale – violin, rhythm guitar, backing vocals

Live at the Whisky (1992)
Freaks of Nature (1995)

1997–1999

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead and backing vocals, keyboards
Robby Steinhardt – violin, backing and lead vocals

Always Never the Same (1998)

1999–2000

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – rhythm and lead guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead and backing vocals, keyboards
Robby Steinhardt – violin, backing and lead vocals
Dave Hope – bass
Kerry Livgren – lead and rhythm guitar, keyboards

Somewhere to Elsewhere (2000)

2000–2006

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing vocals
Steve Walsh – lead and backing vocals, keyboards
Robby Steinhardt – violin, backing and lead vocals

Device – Voice – Drum (2002)

2006–2014

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing and lead vocals
Steve Walsh – lead and backing vocals, keyboards
David Ragsdale – violin, rhythm guitar, backing vocals

There's Know Place Like Home (2009)

2014–2016

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing and lead vocals
David Ragsdale – violin, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
David Manion – keyboards, backing vocals
Ronnie Platt – lead and backing vocals, keyboards

2016–present

Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitar
Billy Greer – bass, backing and lead vocals
David Ragsdale – violin, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
David Manion – keyboards, backing vocals
Ronnie Platt – lead and backing vocals, keyboards
Zak Rizvi – rhythm and lead guitar, backing vocals

The Prelude Implicit (2016)

text: Timeline

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Kansas (1974)
Song for America (1975)
Masque (1975)
Leftoverture (1976)
Point of Know Return (1977)
Monolith (1979)
Audio-Visions (1980)
Vinyl Confessions (1982)
Drastic Measures (1983)
Power (1986)
In the Spirit of Things (1988)
Freaks of Nature (1995)
Always Never the Same (1998)
Somewhere to Elsewhere (2000)
The Prelude Implicit (2016)

text: Tours[edit]

text:
2011 Collegiate Symphony Tour (2011-2012)
Fall 2012 Tour
Leftoverture 40th Anniversary Tour (2016-2017)


document_title: The Little Mermaid (2018 film)

question_text: who plays the fortune teller in the little mermaid

root

text: The Little Mermaid (2018 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The story begins with an old grandmother telling her two granddaughters the story of The Little Mermaid. Despite their young ages, the girls don't believe in the story, until their grandmother tells them a tale of her own. Many years ago, a young reporter named Cam Harrison who had failed to earn a living sets out in search of a good story accompanied by his young niece, Elle. There, they go to a circus and encounter a beautiful mermaid trapped in a glass tank. They are further amazed when the mermaid appears before them as a young woman with legs. The duo soon learn of a prophecy about a little girl born on land but blessed with the heart of a mermaid. With this prophecy come to life in Elle, they are further entangled in a sinister plot of a wizard who wishes to keep the mermaid's soul and convert it to power.

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text:
William Moseley as Cam Harrison, a reporter.[2]
Loreto Peralta as Elle, an orphan and Cam's niece.[3]
Poppy Drayton  as Elizabeth, the mermaid.[4]
Armando Gutierrez as Locke, the wizard who has enslaved the little mermaid.[3]
Shirley MacLaine as Eloise, an eccentric woman who has intimate knowledge of the story of The Little Mermaid[5]
Shanna Collins as Thora, a fortune teller who possesses paranormal powers, including telekinesis and the ability to stop time.[6]
Diahann Carroll[2]
William Forsythe[2]
Gina Gershon[2]
Claire Crosby[7]

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was originally titled A Little Mermaid.[2][4][5] Filming took place in Savannah, Georgia,[4] in 2016.[8]

text: Marketing and release[edit]

text: A trailer for the film debuted in March 2017 and generated over 30 million views in two weeks time.[9]

text: In May 2017, it was reported that the film had been picked up for distribution by Netflix but for unexplained reasons was never released .[10]


document_title: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid

question_text: music from the film butch cassidy and the sundance kid

text: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid

text: Plot[edit]

text: In late 1890s Wyoming, Butch Cassidy is the affable, clever, talkative leader of the outlaw Hole in the Wall Gang. His closest companion is the laconic dead-shot "Sundance Kid". The two return to their hideout at Hole-in-the-Wall (Wyoming) to discover that the rest of the gang, irked at Butch's long absences, have selected Harvey Logan as their new leader.

text: Harvey challenges Butch to a knife fight over the gang's leadership. Butch defeats him using trickery, but embraces Harvey's idea to rob the Union Pacific Overland Flyer train on both its eastward and westward runs, agreeing that the second robbery would be unexpected and likely reap even more money than the first.

text: The first robbery goes well. To celebrate, Butch and Sundance visit a favorite brothel in a nearby town and watch, amused, as the town sheriff unsuccessfully attempts to organize a posse to track down the gang. They then visit Sundance's lover, schoolteacher Etta Place.

text: On the second train robbery, Butch uses too much dynamite to blow open the safe, blowing up the baggage car. As the gang scrambles to gather up the money, a second train arrives carrying a six-man team of lawmen pursuing Butch and Sundance, who unsuccessfully try to hide out in the brothel and to seek amnesty from the friendly Sheriff Bledsoe by enlisting in the army.

text: As the posse remains in pursuit, despite all attempts to elude them, Butch and Sundance determine that the group includes renowned Indian tracker "Lord Baltimore" and relentless lawman Joe Lefors, recognizable by his white skimmer. Butch and Sundance finally elude their pursuers by jumping from a cliff into a river far below. They learn from Etta that the posse has been paid by Union Pacific head E. H. Harriman to remain on their trail until Butch and Sundance are both killed.

text: Butch convinces Sundance and Etta that the three should escape to Bolivia, which Butch envisions as a robber's paradise. On their arrival there, Sundance is dismayed by the living conditions and regards the country with contempt, but Butch remains optimistic. They discover that they know too little Spanish to pull off a bank robbery, so Etta attempts to teach them the language. With her as an accomplice, they become successful bank robbers known as Los Bandidos Yanquis. However, their confidence drops when they see a man wearing a white hat (the signature of determined lawman Lefors) and fear that Harriman's posse is still after them.

text: Butch suggests "going straight", and he and Sundance land their first honest job as payroll guards for a mining company. However, they are ambushed by local bandits on their first run and their boss, Percy Garris, is killed. Butch and Sundance ambush and kill the bandits, the first time Butch has ever shot someone. Etta recommends farming or ranching as other lines of work, but they conclude the straight life isn't for them. Sensing they will be killed if they return to robbery, Etta decides to go back to the United States.

text: Butch and Sundance steal a payroll and the mules carrying it, and arrive in a small town. A boy recognizes the mules' brand and alerts the local police, leading to a gunfight with the outlaws. They take cover in a building but are both seriously wounded, after Butch makes a futile attempt to run to the mules in order to bring more ammunition, while Sundance provides cover fire. As dozens of Bolivian soldiers surround the area, Butch suggests the duo's next destination should be Australia. The film ends with a freeze frame shot on the pair charging out of the building, guns blazing, before the Bolivian forces open fire.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Paul Newman as Butch Cassidy
Robert Redford as the Sundance Kid
Katharine Ross as Etta Place
Strother Martin as Percy Garris
Henry Jones as Bike Salesman
Jeff Corey as Sheriff Bledsoe
George Furth as Woodcock
Cloris Leachman as Agnes
Ted Cassidy as Harvey Logan
Kenneth Mars as Marshal
Donnelly Rhodes as Macon
Charles Dierkop as Flat Nose Curry

text: Production[edit]

text: Screenplay[edit]

text: William Goldman first came across the story of Butch Cassidy in the late 1950s and researched it on and off for eight years before sitting down to write the screenplay.[4] Goldman says he wrote the story as an original screenplay because he did not want to do the research to make it authentic as a novel.[5] Goldman later stated:

text: The whole reason I wrote the ... thing, there is that famous line that Scott Fitzgerald wrote, who was one of my heroes, "There are no second acts in American lives." When I read about Cassidy and Longbaugh and the superposse coming after them—that's phenomenal material. They ran to South America and lived there for eight years and that was what thrilled me: they had a second act. They were more legendary in South America than they had been in the old West ... It's a great story. Those two guys and that pretty girl going down to South America and all that stuff. It just seems to me it's a wonderful piece of material.[5]

text: The characters' flight to South America caused one executive to reject the script, as it was then unusual in Western films for the protagonists to flee.[6]

text: Development[edit]

text: According to Goldman, when he first wrote the script and sent it out for consideration, only one studio wanted to buy it—and that was with the proviso that the two lead characters did not flee to South America. When Goldman protested that that was what had happened, the studio head responded, "I don't give a shit. All I know is John Wayne don't run away."[7]

text: Goldman rewrote the script, "didn't change it more than a few pages, and subsequently found that every studio wanted it."[7]

text: According to the supplemental material on the Blu-ray disc release, Richard Zanuck at 20th Century Fox purchased the script, originally called The Sundance Kid and Butch Cassidy, for $400,000, double the price the studio's board of directors had authorized.[citation needed]

text: The role of Sundance was offered to Jack Lemmon, whose production company, JML, had produced the film Cool Hand Luke (1967) starring Newman. Lemmon, however, turned down the role; he did not like riding horses, and he felt he had already played too many aspects of the Sundance Kid's character before.[8] Other actors considered for the role of Sundance were Steve McQueen and Warren Beatty, who both turned it down, with Beatty claiming that the film was too similar to Bonnie and Clyde. According to Goldman, McQueen and Newman both read the scripts at the same time and agreed to do the film. McQueen eventually backed out of the film due to disagreements with Newman. The two actors would eventually team up in the 1974 disaster film The Towering Inferno.

text: Newman was eventually cast for the role of Cassidy. Marlon Brando was seriously considered to team with Newman for one of the roles. He turned it down due to his commitment to Burn. He also felt that it was too similar to his role in One-Eyed Jacks (1961).[citation needed]

text: Joanna Pettet was first offered the role of Etta Place but was forced to turn down the role due to her pregnancy. Katharine Ross was eventually cast for the role of Etta. Sam Elliott made his debut in this film as a card player. He and Ross married in 1984.[citation needed]

text: Filming[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: In addition to some studio interiors and exteriors, the film was shot on location in various parts of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and for the Bolivia scenes, Cuernavaca and Taxco, Mexico. The cast and crew enjoyed the location work. Redford said: "We had the best locations possible, to my mind. We had Zion National Park [Utah]; Durango, Colorado. … You rode through that, it was a joy."

text: On the first day of shooting, Katharine Ross came to the set to watch the train robbery scenes being filmed. There were five cameras and there were only four operators, so director of photography Conrad Hall (whom she was dating at the time, according to his DVD commentary) put her on the extra camera, showing her how to operate it, and how to move it to get her shot. Director George Roy Hill was furious about this and banned her from the set. The silent bicycle scene was her favorite scene to film because it was shot by the crew's second unit rather than the first unit, directed by George Roy Hill.

text: During the scenes in Bolivia which were shot in Mexico, almost the entire crew and cast suffered from severe diarrhea due to drinking polluted water. Newman, Redford and Ross were exception to this because they preferred drinking soda and alcohol. Redford didn't agree with Newman on the need for rehearsal, feeling that it lessens the spontaneity, but he conceded out of respect for his co-star.

text: Redford wanted to do all his own stunts. Newman was especially upset about Redford's desire to jump onto the train roof and run along the tops of the cars as it moved. Redford said that Newman told him, "I don't want any heroics around here. … I don't want to lose a co-star."

text: Newman did his own bicycle stunts, after his stunt man was unable to stay on the bike, except for the scene where Butch crashes backwards into the fence, which was performed by the director of photography.

text: The only major conflict between Newman and George Roy Hill occurred over what became known as "the Bledsoe scene," a break in the extended superposse chase when Butch and Sundance go to visit an old sheriff hoping to get his help enlisting them in the Army to fight in the Spanish–American War. Newman felt the scene should come at the end of the chase and be the motivation for their flight to South America. Hill disagreed strongly. Every day, Newman came on the set with fresh arguments for why it should be done his way and with increasing passion for his opinion. "Paul was becoming almost anal about it," noted Redford, who at one point jokingly suggested they rename the film "The Bledsoe Scene." Ultimately, Hill won the argument.

text: Lula Parker Betenson, sister of the real Butch Cassidy, often visited the set, and her presence was welcome to the cast and crew. During lulls in shooting she would tell stories about her famous brother's escapades, and was amazed at how accurately the script and Paul Newman portrayed him. Before the film was released, the studio found out about her visits and tried to convince her to endorse the movie in a series of ads to be shown in theatres across the country. She said that she would, but only if she saw the film first and truly stood behind it. The studio refused, saying that allowing her to see the film before its release could harm its reputation. Finally, at Robert Redford's suggestion, she agreed to do the endorsements—for a small "fee."

text: Deleted scene[edit]

text: A scene that was cut from the film had Cassidy, the Kid, and Etta in a Bolivian cinema and seeing a screen re-enactment of their gang, depicting Butch and Sundance as ruthless killers gunned down by the law. As the two men watch incredulously, shouting at the screen that it didn't happen that way, Etta walks off to the station to catch the train that would begin her journey back to America. George Roy Hill thought that the scene was somewhat heavy-handed and unnecessary.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Premieres[edit]

text: The world premiere of the movie was in September 1969, at the Roger Sherman Theater, in New Haven, Connecticut. The premiere was attended by Paul Newman, his wife Joanne Woodward, Robert Redford, George Roy Hill, William Goldman, and John Foreman, among others.[9] It premiered in Los Angeles, the next day, and in New York City on October 1.[10]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2016)

text: The response of major American movie reviewers was widely favorable. Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator, give 89% "Certified fresh" favorable score based on 46 reviews with an average score of 8.2/10, the site's critical consensus reads:"With its iconic pairing of Paul Newman and Robert Redford, jaunty screenplay and Burt Bacharach score, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid has gone down as among the defining moments in late-'60s American cinema."[11] Newman and Redford's chemistry was praised as was the film's charm and humor.[citation needed]

text: Time magazine said the film's two male stars are "afflicted with cinematic schizophrenia. One moment they are sinewy, battered remnants of a discarded tradition. The next they are low comedians whose chaffing relationship—and dialogue—could have been lifted from a Batman and Robin episode."[12] Time also criticized the film's score as absurd and anachronistic.

text: Roger Ebert's review of the movie was a mixed 2.5 out of 4 stars. "The movie starts promisingly ... a scene where Butch puts down a rebellion in his gang [is] one of the best things in the movie ... And then we meet Sundance's girlfriend, played by Katharine Ross, and the scenes with the three of them have you thinking you've wandered into a really first-rate film." But after Harriman hires his posse, Ebert thought the movie's quality declined: "Hill apparently spent a lot of money to take his company on location for these scenes, and I guess when he got back to Hollywood he couldn't bear to edit them out of the final version. So the Super-posse chases our heroes unceasingly, until we've long since forgotten how well the movie started." The dialogue in the final scenes is "so bad we can't believe a word anyone says. And then the violent, bloody ending is also a mistake; apparently it was a misguided attempt to copy "Bonnie and Clyde. ..." we don't believe it, and we walk out of the theater wondering what happened to that great movie we were seeing until an hour ago."[13]

text: The Writers Guild of America ranked the screenplay #11 on its list of 101 Greatest Screenplays ever written.[14]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film earned $15 million in rentals in North America during its first year of release.[15]

text: With US box office of over US$100 million,[16] it was the top grossing film of the year. Adjusted for inflation, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ranks as the 34th top-grossing film of all time and the top 10 for its decade, due in part to subsequent re-releases.[citation needed]

text: It was the eighth most popular film of 1970 in France.[17]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The film won four Academy Awards: Best Cinematography; Best Original Score for a Motion Picture (not a Musical); Best Music, Song (Burt Bacharach and Hal David for "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"); and Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Material Not Previously Published or Produced. It was also nominated for Best Director, Best Picture, and Best Sound (William Edmondson and David Dockendorf).[18]

text: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid also won numerous British Academy Film Awards, including Best Film, Best Direction, Best Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Actor (won by Redford though Newman was also nominated), and Best Actress for Katharine Ross, among others.[19]

text: William Goldman won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay.[20]

text: In 2003, the film was selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The Academy Film Archive preserved Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in 1998.[21]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The film inspired the television series Alias Smith and Jones, starring Pete Duel and Ben Murphy as outlaws trying to earn an amnesty.[22]

text: A parody titled "Botch Casually and the Somedunce Kid" was published in MAD. It was illustrated by Mort Drucker and written by Arnie Kogen in issue No. 136, July 1970.[23]


document_title: List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

question_text: which was a state first arkansas or kansas

text: List of U.S. states[edit]

text:
State

Date(admitted or ratified)

Formed from

1

 Delaware

December 7, 1787[8](ratified)

Colony of Delaware[b]

2

 Pennsylvania

December 12, 1787[10](ratified)

Proprietary Province of Pennsylvania

3

 New Jersey

December 18, 1787[11](ratified)

Crown Colony of New Jersey

4

 Georgia

January 2, 1788[8](ratified)

Crown Colony of Georgia

5

 Connecticut

January 9, 1788[12](ratified)

Crown Colony of Connecticut

6

 Massachusetts

February 6, 1788[8](ratified)

Crown Colony of Massachusetts Bay

7

 Maryland

April 28, 1788[8](ratified)

Proprietary Province of Maryland

8

 South Carolina

May 23, 1788[8](ratified)

Crown Colony of South Carolina

9

 New Hampshire

June 21, 1788[8](ratified)

Crown Colony of New Hampshire

10

 Virginia

June 25, 1788[8](ratified)

Crown Colony and Dominion of Virginia

11

 New York

July 26, 1788[13](ratified)

Crown Colony of New York

12

 North Carolina

November 21, 1789[14](ratified)

Crown Colony of North Carolina

13

 Rhode Island

May 29, 1790[8](ratified)

Crown Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

14

 Vermont

March 4, 1791[15](admitted)

Vermont Republic[c]

15

 Kentucky

June 1, 1792[16](admitted)

Virginia (nine counties in its District of Kentucky[d])

16

 Tennessee

June 1, 1796[18](admitted)

Southwest Territory

17

 Ohio

March 1, 1803[19][e](admitted)

Northwest Territory (part)

18

 Louisiana

April 30, 1812[21](admitted)

Territory of Orleans

19

 Indiana

December 11, 1816(admitted)

Indiana Territory

20

 Mississippi

December 10, 1817[22](admitted)

Mississippi Territory

21

 Illinois

December 3, 1818[23](admitted)

Illinois Territory (part)

22

 Alabama

December 14, 1819[24](admitted)

Alabama Territory

23

 Maine

March 15, 1820[25](admitted)

Massachusetts (District of Maine[f])

24

 Missouri

August 10, 1821[26](admitted)

Missouri Territory (part)

25

 Arkansas

June 15, 1836[27](admitted)

Arkansas Territory

26

 Michigan

January 26, 1837[28](admitted)

Michigan Territory

27

 Florida

March 3, 1845(admitted)

Florida Territory

28

 Texas

December 29, 1845(admitted)

Republic of Texas

29

 Iowa

December 28, 1846(admitted)

Iowa Territory (part)

30

 Wisconsin

May 29, 1848[29](admitted)

Wisconsin Territory (part)

31

 California

September 9, 1850[30](admitted)

unorganized territory (part)

32

 Minnesota

May 11, 1858[31](admitted)

Minnesota Territory (part)

33

 Oregon

February 14, 1859(admitted)

Oregon Territory (part)

34

 Kansas

January 29, 1861[32](admitted)

Kansas Territory (part)

35

 West Virginia

June 20, 1863[33](admitted)

Virginia (50 Trans-Allegheny region counties[g])

36

 Nevada

October 31, 1864(admitted)

Nevada Territory

37

 Nebraska

March 1, 1867(admitted)

Nebraska Territory

38

 Colorado

August 1, 1876[36](admitted)

Colorado Territory

39[h]

  North Dakota

November 2, 1889[38][i](admitted)

Dakota Territory (part)

40

 South Dakota

November 2, 1889[38][i](admitted)

Dakota Territory (part)

41

 Montana

November 8, 1889[39](admitted)

Montana Territory

42

 Washington

November 11, 1889[40](admitted)

Washington Territory

43

 Idaho

July 3, 1890(admitted)

Idaho Territory

44

 Wyoming

July 10, 1890(admitted)

Wyoming Territory

45

 Utah

January 4, 1896[41](admitted)

Utah Territory

46

 Oklahoma

November 16, 1907[42](admitted)

Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory

47

 New Mexico

January 6, 1912(admitted)

New Mexico Territory

48

 Arizona

February 14, 1912(admitted)

Arizona Territory

49

 Alaska

January 3, 1959(admitted)

Territory of Alaska

50

 Hawaii

August 21, 1959(admitted)

Territory of Hawaii

text: Articles of Confederation ratification dates[edit]

text: The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. On March 4, 1789, the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the present Constitution.[43]

text:
State

Date

1

 Virginia

December 16, 1777

2

 South Carolina

February 5, 1778

3

 New York

February 6, 1778

4

 Rhode Island

February 9, 1778

5

 Connecticut

February 12, 1778

6

 Georgia

February 26, 1778

7

 New Hampshire

March 4, 1778

8

 Pennsylvania

March 5, 1778

9

 Massachusetts

March 10, 1778

10

 North Carolina

April 5, 1778

11

 New Jersey

November 19, 1778

12

 Delaware

February 1, 1779

13

 Maryland

February 2, 1781


document_title: List of Wisconsin Badgers bowl games

question_text: when was the last time the badgers went to the rose bowl

text: List of Wisconsin Badgers bowl games

text: Key[edit]

text:
General

Bowl game record attendance

Former bowl game record attendance

Results

W
Win

L
Loss

text: Bowl games[edit]

text:
List of bowl games showing bowl played in, score, date, season, opponent, stadium, location, attendance and head coach

#
Bowl
Score[A 1]
Date
Season[A 2]
Opponent[A 3]
Stadium
Location
Attendance[3]
Head coach

1
Rose Bowl
L 07 !L 7–0
000000001953-01-01-0000January 1, 1953
1952
USC Trojans
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
101,500 !101,500
Williamson, IvyIvy Williamson

2
Rose Bowl
L 36 !L 44–8
000000001960-01-01-0000January 1, 1960
1959
Washington Huskies
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
100,809 !100,809
Bruhn, MiltMilt Bruhn

3
Rose Bowl
L 05 !L 42–37
000000001963-01-01-0000January 1, 1963
1962
USC Trojans
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
098,698 !98,698
Bruhn, MiltMilt Bruhn

4
Garden State Bowl
L 07 !L 28–21
000000001981-12-13-0000December 13, 1981
1981
Tennessee Volunteers
Giants Stadium
East Rutherford
038,782 !38,782
McClain, DaveDave McClain

5
Independence Bowl
W 11 !W 14–3
000000001982-12-11-0000December 11, 1982
1982
Kansas State Wildcats
Independence Stadium
Shreveport
049,503 !49,503
McClain, DaveDave McClain

6
Hall of Fame Classic Bowl
L 01 !L 20–19
000000001984-12-29-0000December 29, 1984
1984
Kentucky Wildcats
Legion Field
Birmingham
047,300 !47,300
McClain, DaveDave McClain

7
Rose Bowl
W 05 !W 21–16
000000001994-01-01-0000January 1, 1994
1993
UCLA Bruins
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
101,237 !101,237
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

8
Hall of Fame Bowl
W 14 !W 34–20
000000001995-01-02-0000January 2, 1995
1994
Duke Blue Devils
Tampa Stadium
Tampa
061,384 !61,384
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

9
Copper Bowl
W 28 !W 38–10
000000001996-12-27-0000December 27, 1996
1996
Utah Utes
Arizona Stadium
Tucson
042,122 !42,122
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

10
Outback Bowl
L 27 !L 33–6
000000001998-01-01-0000January 1, 1998
1997
Georgia Bulldogs
Tampa Stadium !Houlihan's Stadium[A 4]
Tampa
053,161 !53,161
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

11
Rose Bowl
W 07 !W 38–31
000000001999-01-01-0000January 1, 1999
1998
UCLA Bruins
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
093,872 !93,872
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

12
Rose Bowl
W 08 !W 17–9
000000002000-01-01-0000January 1, 2000
1999
Stanford Cardinal
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
093,731 !93,731
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

13
Sun Bowl
W 01 !W 21–20
000000002000-12-29-0000December 29, 2000
2000
UCLA Bruins
Sun Bowl
El Paso
049,093 !49,093
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

14
Alamo Bowl
W 03 !W 31–28 (OT)
000000002002-12-28-0000December 28, 2002
2002
Colorado Buffaloes
Alamodome
San Antonio
050,690 !50,690
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

15
Music City Bowl
L 27 !L 28–14
000000002003-12-31-0000December 31, 2003
2003
Auburn Tigers
The Coliseum
Nashville
055,109 !55,109
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

16
Outback Bowl
L 03 !L 24–21
000000002005-01-01-0000January 1, 2005
2004
Georgia Bulldogs
Raymond James Stadium
Tampa
062,414 !62,414
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

17
Capital One Bowl
W 14 !W 24–10
000000002006-01-02-0000January 2, 2006
2005
Auburn Tigers
Florida Citrus Bowl
Orlando
057,221 !57,221
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

18
Capital One Bowl
W 03 !W 17–14
000000002007-01-01-0000January 1, 2007
2006
Arkansas Razorbacks
Florida Citrus Bowl
Orlando
060,774 !60,774
Bielema, BretBret Bielema

19
Outback Bowl
L 04 !L 21–17
000000002008-01-01-0000January 1, 2008
2007
Tennessee Volunteers
Raymond James Stadium
Tampa
060,121 !60,121
Bielema, BretBret Bielema

20
Champs Sports Bowl
L 29 !L 42–13
000000002008-12-27-0000December 27, 2008
2008
Florida State Seminoles
Florida Citrus Bowl
Orlando
052,692 !52,692
Bielema, BretBret Bielema

21
Champs Sports Bowl
W 06 !W 20–14
000000002009-12-29-0000December 29, 2009
2009
Miami Hurricanes
Florida Citrus Bowl
Orlando
056,747 !56,747
Bielema, BretBret Bielema

22
Rose Bowl
L 02 !L 21–19
000000002011-01-01-0000January 1, 2011
2010
TCU Horned Frogs
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
094,118 !94,118
Bielema, BretBret Bielema

23
Rose Bowl
L 07 !L 45–38
000000002012-01-02-0000January 2, 2012
2011
Oregon Ducks
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
091,245 !91,245
Bielema, BretBret Bielema

24
Rose Bowl
L 06 !L 20–14
000000002013-01-01-0000January 1, 2013
2012
Stanford Cardinal
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
093,359 !93,359
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

25
Capital One Bowl
L 10 !L 34–24
000000002014-01-01-0000January 1, 2014
2013
South Carolina Gamecocks
Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium
Orlando
056,629 !56,629
Andersen, GaryGary Andersen

26
Outback Bowl
W 03 !W 34–31 (OT)
000000002015-01-01-0000January 1, 2015
2014
Auburn Tigers
Raymond James Stadium
Tampa
044,023 !44,023
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez

27
Holiday Bowl
W 02 !W 23–21
000000002015-12-30-0000December 30, 2015
2015
USC Trojans
Qualcomm Stadium
San Diego
48,329
Chryst, PaulPaul Chryst

28
Cotton Bowl
W 24-16
000000002017-01-02-0000January 2, 2017
2016
Western Michigan Broncos
AT&T Stadium
Arlington
59,615
Chryst, PaulPaul Chryst

29
Orange Bowl
W 34-24
000000002017-12-30-0000December 30, 2017
2017
Miami Hurricanes
Hard Rock Stadium
Miami Gardens
65,032
Chryst, PaulPaul Chryst

text: Bowl opponent frequency[edit]

text:
Team
Times played
Record

Auburn
3
2-1

UCLA
3
3-0

USC
3
1-2

Georgia
2
0-2

Miami (FL)
2
2-0

Stanford
2
1-1

Tennessee
2
0-2

Arkansas
1
1-0

Colorado
1
1-0

Duke
1
1-0

Florida State
1
0-1

Kansas State
1
1-0

Kentucky
1
0-1

Oregon
1
0-1

South Carolina
1
0-1

Texas Christian
1
0-1

Utah
1
1-0

Washington
1
0-1

Western Michigan
1
1-0

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Results are sortable first by whether the result was an Wisconsin win, loss or tie and then second by the margin of victory.
Jump up ^ Links to the season article for the Wisconsin team that competed in the bowl for that year.
Jump up ^ Links to the season article for the opponent that Wisconsin competed against in the bowl for that year when available or to their general page when unavailable.
Jump up ^ Originally called Tampa Stadium, in 1996 it was renamed Houlihan's Stadium.[4]

tag: ol


document_title: A Different World

question_text: who did debbie allen play on a different world

text: A Different World

text: Concept[edit]

text: While it was a spin-off from The Cosby Show, A Different World typically addressed issues that were avoided by The Cosby Show writers (race and class relations, or the Equal Rights Amendment). One episode that aired in 1990 was one of the first American network television episodes to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic.[4] The original premise was to have a white student there and have Lena Horne as an acting teacher, but in production, the premise changed from being a story about a white girl in a black college to a black girl (Denise Huxtable) in a black college with a white friend.[5][6] It was ultimately decided that Denise, who was of college age, would be spun off and have a white roommate in order to show the dynamic of a white girl in predominantly black surroundings.[7] Meg Ryan was originally cast for this role, but she decided to pursue a film career, so Marisa Tomei was cast. The first season of Hillman's student body consisted of both black and white students, but this was changed at the beginning of the second season and a very predominantly black student body maintained until the series ended.

text: Season two changes[edit]

text: After the first season, it came to Cosby's and the producers' attention that the series was not accurately portraying a historically black college and life on campus, so Debbie Allen, an alumna of Howard University, was hired as the chief creative force to revamp the show. During the summer of 1988, Lisa Bonet announced that she and husband Lenny Kravitz were having a baby. Allen was in favor of having a young pregnant student in the show, but Cosby said that Lisa Bonet may be pregnant but not Denise Huxtable.[8] It was felt that viewers would not accept Denise as an unwed mother, having grown to know her as a "good girl" after four seasons of The Cosby Show. Thus it was decided that Denise would drop out of Hillman, return home to her family, and eventually travel to Africa throughout the fifth season of The Cosby Show, ensuring that viewers would not see a pregnant Denise. Allen was also in favor of keeping Tomei, as she herself recalls a white student at Howard and wanted to relate that in the show and even had possible premises for her character, such as meeting Dwayne's parents and seeing the other side of racism.[8] However, Tomei left the show, and she and Marie-Alise Recasner were replaced by Cree Summer and Charnele Brown, respectively. Darryl M. Bell and Sinbad were promoted to the principal cast, and Glynn Turman and Lou Myers were added as supporting cast members. These changes led to the placement of Whitley and Dwayne at the center of a wider ensemble, dealing with more relevant issues of the day.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6

Lisa Bonet
Denise Huxtable
Main

Guest

Marisa Tomei
Maggie Lauten
Main

Dawnn Lewis
Jaleesa Vinson-Taylor
Main

Jasmine Guy
Whitley Marion Gilbert
Main

Loretta Devine
Stevie Rallen
Main

Kadeem Hardison
Dwayne Cleophus Wayne
Main

Mary Alice
Leticia "Lettie" Bostic
Main

Darryl M. Bell
Ronald "Ron" Marlon Johnson
Recurring
Main

Sinbad
Coach Walter Oakes
Recurring
Main

Charnele Brown
Kimberly Reese

Main

Cree Summer
Winifred "Freddie" Brooks

Main

Glynn Turman
Colonel Bradford Taylor

Main

Lou Myers
Vernon Gaines

Recurring
Main

Ajai Sanders
Gina Deveaux

Recurring
Main

Jada Pinkett
Lena James

Recurring
Main

Karen Malina White†
Charmaine Tyesha Brown

Guest
Main

*After leaving the series, Lisa Bonet returned for a guest appearance as Denise in season three (episode: "Forever Hold Your Peace").
†Prior to joining the cast as a regular, Karen Malina White appears as Charmaine in season five (episode: "Conflict of Interest").

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Cory Tyler as Terrence Taylor (seasons 4 and 5)
Patrick Malone as Terrell Walker (season 6)
Bumper Robinson as Dorian Heywood (season 6)
Michael Ralph as Spencer Boyer (season 6), various characters (seasons 4 and 5)
Gary Dourdan as Shazza Zulu (seasons 5 and 6, guest starring in episode 86)
Marie-Alise Recasner as Millie (season 1)
Andrew Lowery as Matthew (Freddie's cousin/Kim's boyfriend; season 4)
Kim Wayans as Allison (season 1)
Alisa Gyse Dickens as Kinu Owens (Dwayne's girlfriend; 9 episodes)
Jenifer Lewis as Dean Dorothy Dandridge Davenport (9 episodes)
Diahann Carroll as Marion Gilbert (Whitley's mother; 7 episodes)
Patti LaBelle as Adele Wayne (Dwayne's mother; 7 episodes)
Roger Guenveur Smith as Prof. Howard Randolph (season 4)
Rosalind Cash as Dean Hughes (4 episodes)
Ron O'Neal as Mercer Gilbert (Whitley's father; 4 episodes)
Phylicia Rashad as Clair Huxtable (4 episodes)
Jonell Green as Dashawn Curtis (4 episodes)
Bill Cosby as Cliff Huxtable (3 episodes)
Keshia Knight Pulliam as Rudy Huxtable (3 episodes)
Robert Guillaume as Dean Winston and Professor Murphy(history professor/Kim's medical professor; 3 episodes)
Harold Sylvester as Woodson Wayne (Dwayne's father; 3 episodes)
Malcolm Jamal Warner as Theo Huxtable (2 episodes)

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Vanessa Bell Calloway as Lily Connors (season 3, episode 18) & Jaleesa's sister (Danielle; season 4, episode 18)
Tisha Campbell-Martin as Josie Webb (2 episodes)
Nestor Carbonell as Malik Velasquez (Whitley's mother's hired "boyfriend"; 2 episodes)
Art Evans as Mr. Johnson (Ron's father; 2 episodes)
IMx as Whitley's students (2 episodes)
Richard Roundtree as Clinton Reese (Kim's father; Season 3 episodes 8 & 9)
Halle Berry as Jaclyn (Ron's girlfriend; season 4, episode 15)
The Boys as Mice 2 Men (singing group; season 5, episode 13)
Dean Cain as Brian (A&M University student; season 5, episode 14)
Wayne Federman as A&M Wolf (season 5, episode 14)
Ernie Sabella as Campus Security (season 5, episode 14)
En Vogue as Faith, Hope, Charity, and Henrietta (Mr. Gaines' nieces; season 6, episode 16)
Whoopi Goldberg as Dr. Jordan (professor; season 4, episode 24)
David Alan Grier as Professor Byron Walcott (season 1, episode 9)
James Avery as bowler (season 3, episode 4)
Alfonso Ribeiro as Zach Duncan (prospective freshman; season 3, episode 19)
Heavy D as himself (season 3, episode 6)
Lena Horne as herself (season 6, episode 25)
Jesse Jackson as himself (season 2, episode 21)
Trina McGee as Gennifer (season 5, episode 18)
Khandi Alexander as Theressa Stone (season 2, episode 21)
Gladys Knight as herself (season 2, episode 5)
Kris Kross as Dwayne's juvenile mentees (season 6, episode 11)
Tupac Shakur as Piccolo (season 6, episode 21)
Obba Babatundé as Frank (season 3, episode 22)
Blair Underwood as Zelmer Collier (season 4, episode 14)
Billy Dee Williams as Langston Paige (landlord; season 6, episode 23)
Thomas Mikal Ford as Lamar Vinson (Jaleesa's ex-husband, season 2, episode 17)
Raven-Symoné as Olivia Kendall (Denise's step-daughter, season 3, episode 5)

text: Notable episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings[9]

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Rating

1
22
September 24, 1987 (1987-09-24)
July 7, 1988 (1988-07-07)
2
25.0

2
22
October 6, 1988 (1988-10-06)
May 4, 1989 (1989-05-04)
3
23.0

3
25
September 28, 1989 (1989-09-28)
May 3, 1990 (1990-05-03)
4
21.1

4
25
September 20, 1990 (1990-09-20)
May 2, 1991 (1991-05-02)
4
17.5

5
25
September 19, 1991 (1991-09-19)
May 14, 1992 (1992-05-14)
17
15.2

6
25
September 24, 1992 (1992-09-24)
July 9, 1993 (1993-07-09)
N/A
N/A

text: In season one, the episode "Rudy and the Snow Queen" marks the beginning of the softening of Whitley's image as a spoiled troublemaker at Hillman. Denise's kid sister Rudy (Keshia Knight-Pulliam) visits Hillman and becomes smitten with Whitley. Flattered at the attention, Whitley befriends the little girl, but when it becomes clear that she's trumping Denise as a role model, Whitley has a change of heart, steps back and gently persuades Rudy to return to her sister.

text: In season two, the episode titled "No Means No" deals with date rape. Freddie has a crush on Hillman's new top-notch baseball star Garth Parks (played by Taimak). Dwayne hears Garth discuss a disturbing incident involving another woman. Dwayne goes to Walter (Sinbad) for advice, and Walter tells him about date rape. Dwayne tries to warn Freddie, but she does not believe Garth would do such a thing. Later at a dance, Garth goes off alone with Freddie and attempts to rape her, but Dwayne finds them and fights Garth. At the end of the episode, Walter takes Garth to the police station for his assault on Freddie and the rape of the other woman.

text: In January 1991 (seven days before the beginning of Operation Desert Storm), Blair Underwood guest-starred in the episode "War and Peace" (written by Jasmine Guy and Dominic Hoffman) about the impending Persian Gulf War. A Different World became the first situation comedy to address this topic, and "War and Peace" was one of the highest-rated episodes of season four.[10]

text: In the season four episode "Ms. Understanding", Hillman student Shazza Zulu (Gary Dourdan) peddles a book he has written and self-published that is highly critical of African-American men and their allegedly sexist behavior. The episode is based on the controversy surrounding the book The Blackman's Guide to Understanding the Blackwoman  [sic]. This book, written by controversial African American author Shahrazad Ali, blamed many of the problems within the black family and the black community on African American women. Although many black women found the book highly offensive and intellectually deficient, African American men purchased hundreds of thousands of copies in 1989 and 1990, leading to a temporary rift between many African American men and women. Ali's book is mentioned specifically in the 1990 episode "Time Keeps on Slippin'" where Ron suggests putting it in the time capsule to represent a female point of view, but is shouted down by the women in the group.

text: The season five episode "Mammy Dearest" addresses two subjects almost never discussed on prime time television: the "mammy" image and its negative effect upon African Americans' sense of beauty and self-worth, and the little-known fact that some well-to-do African-Americans actually owned slaves themselves. Kim is disheartened with the display of several "mammy" dolls in a cultural exhibit, while Whitley learns that some of her African-American ancestors were slave owners. In some regions of the U.S., blacks owning black slaves (or relatives) would ensure that they would not be sold to leave the town.

text: The season five episode "Cat's in the Cradle" deals with racism, from both sides of the proverbial fence. While attending a Hillman football game on a predominantly white campus, Ron and Dwayne are involved in a bias incident with three white students, which culminates with Ron and Dwayne fighting the white students as they attempt to spraypaint the word "Nigger" on Ron's car, stopping them before they could complete the slur. They are all arrested by the campus police. They share with the campus police chief (Ernie Sabella) the perspectives of the incident, shown from each side. Predictably, it shows drastically different takes. The racist act by the white students is not alone, however, as Dwayne is guilty of the same prejudice by assuming the white campus chief is racist. Poignantly, the ending scene find both parties returning to the parking lot where the altercation started, only to find that some unknown other person or persons finished spray-painting the "Nigger" slur on the car. This episode features one of actor Dean Cain's earliest television appearances.

text: The season five episode "Love Taps" dealt with domestic violence. Gina has been dating an up-and-coming rapper named Dion, a.k.a. "I'm Down" (played by Edafe Blackmon), who many of the students admire, including Terrance. When Lena suspects that Dion has been beating up on Gina (who is sporting a black eye), she confronts her about it, but Gina makes excuses for Dion's rages and tells Lena to back off. Lena confides in Kim about Gina's situation; Kim informs Lena that some things should not be kept secret. Eventually, Dion's reputation is spread all over campus. After having a heart-to-heart talk with Whitley and engaging in a confrontation with Dion (in front of Terrance who has called the police), Gina finally decides to press assault charges against him.

text: Various episodes in the last two seasons of the series referenced contemporary high-profile cases of sexual harassment, such as the Mitsubishi scandal [11] and the Clarence Thomas-Anita Hill hearings. In the episode "Bedroom at the Top," Whitley is sexually harassed at her new job by an executive. The Anita Hill hearings also are mentioned in the episode "The Little Mister," in which Dwayne dreams about the 1992 elections imagining himself as Hillary Clinton, while Whitley is Bill.

text: The season six premiere includes Whitley and Dwayne's recounting of their honeymoon in Los Angeles, during which four white police officers who were on trial for the videotaped beating of African American motorist Rodney King were acquitted of state criminal charges, sparking the 1992 Los Angeles riots. (Actors Roseanne Barr and Tom Arnold, comedian Gilbert Gottfried and rapper Sister Soulja made cameo appearances in this two-part episode.)[12]

text: In "Homie, Don't You Know Me?" (one of the "lost episodes" from season 6), rapper Tupac Shakur portrays Lena's (Jada Pinkett) old boyfriend from back home. The two bump heads over Lena's new college "attitude", not to mention her new boyfriend Dorian (Bumper Robinson). This is one of the few television sitcom appearances made by Tupac, though his appearance was more serious than the show's tone itself.

text: The season four episode "If I Should Die Before I Wake" dealt with the AIDS epidemic. It featured actress Tisha Campbell-Martin as Hillman student Josie, who reveals during a class project that she has contracted the disease from a former boyfriend and would probably die shortly after graduating college. Because of the reveal, some of the students (including Gina and Terrance) start to treat Josie as an outcast by either covering their face around her, or refusing to have her serve food at the Pit. Their attitudes towards Josie change after being chastised by Kim and Mr. Gaines. The dialogue also causes Whitley (who was still a virgin) to put off a sexual relationship with Dwayne. Whoopi Goldberg stars as the professor who conducts the class.

text: Connections to The Cosby Show[edit]

text: As a show developed by Bill Cosby for a character from The Cosby Show, A Different World had many connections to its parent program, even before the latter program was created. The third season finale of The Cosby Show, entitled "Hillman", was essentially a pilot episode for the new show.

text: The theme song was co-written by Stu Gardner, Bill Cosby, and Dawnn Lewis – who was also a cast member. In the online interviews related to the 2006 "Hillman College Reunion," Lewis revealed that her being approached to write the song and to audition were two separate events that occurred within a short time of each other, such that she thought it was a practical joke by her friends. The song was performed by Phoebe Snow in season one, then by Aretha Franklin in seasons two through five, and Boyz II Men in season six.

text: The spin-off program featured many appearances by characters from the parent program, especially in the initial season, in which Denise's father Cliff (Bill Cosby), mother Clair (Phylicia Rashad), younger sisters Vanessa (Tempestt Bledsoe) and Rudy, brother Theo (Malcolm-Jamal Warner), and grandfather Russell (Earle Hyman) all appeared on the show, either at Hillman or at the other end of a phone call. Denise's departure from Hillman after Season 1 did not stop her mother from reappearing on the show. Three of Phylicia Rashad's four appearances as Hillman alumna Clair Huxtable took place after season one, and in one of these, she brought her younger daughter Vanessa to tour the college. Sondra was the only Huxtable child not to appear on the show. Martin (Joseph C. Phillips) and Olivia (Raven Symone) appear in season 3 episode "Forever Hold Your Peace" along with Phylicia Rashad and Lisa Bonet. Elvin (Geoffrey Owens) and Pam (Erika Alexander) also never appeared on the show.

text: Producer/director Debbie Allen is the real-life sister of Phylicia Rashad. Allen made one guest appearance on The Cosby Show, playing an aggressive aerobics instructor who helps Clair slim down for a special occasion. Allen appeared in later seasons in a recurring role as Whitley's psychiatrist. Dwayne and Whitley also visited the Huxtable home in an episode featuring the revelation that Denise had married and would not return to Hillman.

text: A young Kadeem Hardison appeared on The Cosby Show as one of Theo Huxtable's friends in the first-season episode "A Shirt Story", though not playing Dwayne.

text: Sinbad also appeared on The Cosby Show as a car salesman in third-season episode "Say Hello to a Good Buy."

text: A Hillman alumna by the name of "Louise Sujay" was mentioned on both Cosby and A Different World by Clair Huxtable, Whitley Gilbert and her mother Marion.

text: Like Lisa Bonet, Karen Malina White brought her Cosby Show character to Hillman. Charmaine was the best friend of Clair Huxtable's cousin Pam Tucker. White's Cosby Show costar Allen Payne turned down an offer to bring his role as Charmaine's boyfriend Lance Rodman to A Different World as a regular during Season 6, preferring instead to pursue a movie career; he and Jada Pinkett starred in the 1994 film Jason's Lyric, which is considered to be a milestone in both their careers. Payne did appear in one episode during season five in which Charmaine visits Hillman as a prospective student, bringing Lance along to see if he can gain admission as well. When Charmaine arrives at Hillman, she and Lance are maintaining a long-distance relationship and he is mentioned in multiple episodes. Lance and Charmaine later break up over the phone.

text: Years later, Tempestt Bledsoe (who played Vanessa on Cosby) and Darryl M. Bell (who played Ron on A Different World) became a real-life couple and co-starred on the 2009 Fox Reality Channel series Househusbands of Hollywood.

text: Hillman College[edit]

text: Hillman College is a fictional, historically Black college, founded in 1881 and located in the commonwealth of Virginia. The exact locality of the school is never revealed, but several geographic references are made which allude to the campus either being located somewhere in the Hampton Roads area or in the Roanoke Metropolitan Area. The school's motto is Deus Nondum Te Confecit, which literally translates from Latin to: God has not yet finished. The school colors are maroon and gray. Visual shots of the Hillman campus that were used in the series were actually filmed at two real-life Black colleges, Clark Atlanta University and Spelman College, both in Atlanta, Georgia.

text: The first references to Hillman on The Cosby Show were made during season one, when it is mentioned as the place where Cliff Huxtable and Clair Hanks went to school while they were engaged. Cliff's father Russell is also a Hillman alumnus. The school made its first on-screen appearance in the third-season finale of The Cosby Show, titled "Hillman", when Cliff and Clair and their family attend a Hillman commencement ceremony which also honored a retiring professor.

text: Hillman College Reunion[edit]

text: In August 2006, Nick at Nite aired a week-long marathon showing episodes of A Different World. Lisa Bonet, Dawnn Lewis, Jasmine Guy, Kadeem Hardison, Darryl M. Bell, Cree Summer, and Sinbad reunited for short vignettes that provided a glimpse of the current state of their characters. Nick at Nite's "Hillman College Reunion"[13] website added details beyond those shown on television.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Critics say that A Different World benefited from airing between The Cosby Show and Cheers on Thursday night; however, the show consistently ranked first or second among African American viewers during most of its run.[14]

text: Media reaction[edit]

text: The Hollywood Reporter is quoted as stating that when Debbie Allen became the producer (and usually director) of A Different World after the first season, she transformed it "from a bland Cosby spin-off into a lively, socially responsible, ensemble situation comedy."[14]

text: The Museum of Broadcast Communications states that Debbie Allen:

text: On August 23 & 24, 2012, Debbie Allen, the former chief creative force of A Different World from 1988 to 1993, wrote on Twitter that she wants to reboot A Different World. Over a million people on Facebook, Twitter, and blogs reacted to the tweet and approve the potential reboot.[15]

text: Impact on African-American culture[edit]

text: Because of Debbie Allen's influence as the producer (and usually director) of A Different World after the first season, African-American youth who watched the show often cite it as a defining reason why many of them decided to attend a historically Black college or university.[16][17]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Urban Works released Season 1 of A Different World on DVD in Region 1 on November 8, 2005. Several release dates for a Season 2 DVD were announced (May 2006,[18] July 2006,[19] and September 2006[20]), but the DVD was never released. Urban Works was acquired by First Look Studios in early 2006. The distribution rights for the series have since reverted to the production company, Carsey-Werner Productions.

text:
DVD Title
Release Date
No. of
Episodes
Additional Information

Season 1
November 8, 2005
22

cast interviews
out-takes
a retrospective overview of the series with cast members
an un-aired, "lost" episode featuring Tupac Shakur and Jada Pinkett-Smith