document_title: List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

question_text: the prime minister of great britain during the late 1930s was

text: Before 1721[edit]

text: Before the Georgian era, the Treasury of England was led by the Lord High Treasurer.[18] By the late Tudor period, the Lord High Treasurer was regarded as one of the Great Officers of State[18] and tended to be the dominant figure in government: the Duke of Somerset, Lord High Treasurer (1547–1549),[19] served as Lord Protector to his nephew King Edward VI;[19] Lord Burghley, Lord High Treasurer (1572–1598),[20] was the dominant minister among Queen Elizabeth I's ministers;[20] Burghley's son Lord Salisbury succeeded his father as chief minister to Elizabeth I (1598–1603) and later served King James I as Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612).[21]

text: By the late Stuart period, the Treasury was often run not by a single individual such as a Lord High Treasurer but by a committee of Lords of the Treasury,[22] led by the First Lord of the Treasury. The last Lords High Treasurer, Lord Godolphin (1702–1710)[23] and Lord Oxford (1711–1714),[24] ran the government of Queen Anne.

text: After the succession of King George I in 1714, the arrangement of a commission of Lords of the Treasury as opposed to a single Lord High Treasurer became permanent.[25] For the next three years, the government was headed by Lord Townshend, who was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department.[26] Subsequently, Lord Stanhope and Lord Sunderland ran the government jointly,[27][28] with Stanhope managing foreign affairs and Sunderland managing domestic affairs.[27][28] Stanhope died in February 1721[27] and Sunderland resigned two months later;[28] Townshend and Robert Walpole were then invited to form the next government.[29][26] From that point, the holder of the office of First Lord also unofficially held the status of Prime Minister. It was not until the Edwardian era that the title Prime Minister was constitutionally recognised.[13] With only few exceptions, the Prime Minister still holds the office of First Lord by constitutional convention.[30]

text: Since 1721[edit]

text:
By century and monarch

18th to 19th century

George I
George II
George III[a]
George IV
William IV
Victoria

20th to 21st century

Edward VII
George V
Edward VIII
George VI
Elizabeth II

text:
Whig (17)       Tory (11)       Conservative (17)       Peelite (1)       Liberal (7)       Labour (6)       National Labour (1)

Portrait
Name[b]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office[c]
Elected
Ministerial portfolios
held as Prime Minister
Party[d]
Ministry
Monarch
(Reign)
Ref.

Duration

The Right Honourable
Robert Walpole
1st Earl of Orford
KGKBPC
MP for King's Lynn[e]
(1676–1745)
4 April
1721
11 February
1742
1722

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons[f]

Whig
Walpole–Townshend
George I

(1714–1727)
[32]

1727
George II

(1727–1760)

1734
Walpole

1741

7003761900000000000♠20 years and 314 days

The Right Honourable
Spencer Compton
1st Earl of Wilmington
KGKBPC
(1673–1743)
16 February
1742
2 July
1743
—

First Lord of the Treasury

Whig
Carteret
[33]

7002502000000000000♠1 year and 137 days[†]

The Right Honourable
Henry Pelham
FRS
MP for Sussex
(1694–1754)
27 August
1743
6 March
1754
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Whig
[34]

Broad Bottom I

1747
Broad Bottom II

7003384500000000000♠10 years and 192 days[†]

His Grace
Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
KGPCFRS
(1693–1768)
16 March
1754
16 November
1756
1754

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Newcastle I
[35]

7002977000000000000♠2 years and 246 days

His Grace
William Cavendish
4th Duke of Devonshire
KGPC
(1720–1764)
16 November
1756
25 June
1757
—

First Lord of the Treasury[g]
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Pitt–Devonshire
[36]

1757 Caretaker

7002222000000000000♠222 days

His Grace
Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
KGPCFRS
(1693–1768)
2 July
1757
26 May
1762
1761

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Pitt–Newcastle
[35]

George III

(1760–1820)

7003179000000000000♠4 years and 329 days

The Right Honourable
John Stuart
3rd Earl of Bute
KGPC
(1713–1792)
26 May
1762
8 April
1763
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
Bute
(Tory–Whig)
[37]

7002318000000000000♠318 days

The Right Honourable
George Grenville
MP for Buckingham
(1712–1770)
16 April
1763
13 July
1765
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Whig
(Grenvillite)
Grenville
(Whig–Tory)
[38]

7002820000000000000♠2 years and 89 days

The Most Honourable
Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
KGPCFRS
(1730–1782)
13 July
1765
30 July
1766
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
(Rockinghamite)
Rockingham I
[39]

7002383000000000000♠1 year and 18 days

The Right Honourable
William Pitt
1st Earl of Chatham
PCFRS
MP for Bath[h]
(1708–1778)
30 July
1766
14 October
1768
1768

Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal

Whig
(Chathamite)
Chatham
(Whig–Tory)
[40]

7002808000000000000♠2 years and 77 days

His Grace
Augustus FitzRoy
3rd Duke of Grafton
KGPC
(1735–1811)
14 October
1768
28 January
1770
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
(Chathamite)
Grafton
[41]

7002472000000000000♠1 year and 107 days

The Right Honourable
Frederick North
Lord North
KG
MP for Banbury
(1732–1792)
28 January
1770
22 March
1782
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Northite)
North
[42]

1774

1780

7003443700000000000♠12 years and 54 days

The Most Honourable
Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
KGPCFRS
(1730–1782)
27 March
1782
1 July
1782
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
(Rockinghamite)
Rockingham II
[39]

7001970000000000000♠97 days[†]

The Right Honourable
William Petty
2nd Earl of Shelburne
KGPC
(1737–1805)
4 July
1782
2 April
1783
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
(Chathamite)
Shelburne
(Whig–Tory)
[43]

7002273000000000000♠273 days

His Grace
William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
PCFRS
(1738–1809)
2 April
1783
19 December
1783
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Fox–North
[44]

7002262000000000000♠262 days

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Appleby – Cambridge University[i]
(1759–1806)
19 December
1783
14 March
1801
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Pittite)
Pitt I
[45]

1784

1790

1796

7003629500000000000♠17 years and 86 days

The Right Honourable
Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844)
17 March
1801
10 May
1804
1801

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Pittite)
Addington
[46]

1802

7003115100000000000♠3 years and 55 days

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Cambridge University
(1759–1806)
10 May
1804
23 January
1806
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Pittite)
Pitt II
[45]

7002624000000000000♠1 year and 259 days[†]

The Right Honourable
William Grenville
1st Baron Grenville
PCPC (Ire)
(1759–1834)
11 February
1806
31 March
1807
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
All the Talents
(Whig–Tory)
[47]

1806

7002414000000000000♠1 year and 49 days

His Grace
William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
KGPCFRS
(1738–1809)
31 March
1807
4 October
1809
—

First Lord of the Treasury

Tory
(Pittite)
Portland II
[44]

1807

7002919000000000000♠2 years and 188 days

The Right Honourable
Spencer Perceval
KC
MP for Northampton
(1762–1812)
4 October
1809
11 May
1812
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Pittite)
Perceval
[48]

7002951000000000000♠2 years and 221 days[‡]

The Right Honourable
Robert Jenkinson
2nd Earl of Liverpool
KGPCFRS
(1770–1828)
8 June
1812
9 April
1827
1812

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
(Pittite)
Liverpool
[49]

1818

1820
George IV

(1820–1830)

1826

7003541900000000000♠14 years and 306 days

The Right Honourable
George Canning
FRS
MP for Seaford
(1770–1827)
10 April
1827
8 August
1827
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Canningite)
Canning
(Canningite–Whig)
[50]

7002121000000000000♠121 days[†]

The Right Honourable
Frederick John Robinson
1st Viscount Goderich
PC
(1782–1859)
31 August
1827
21 January
1828
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
(Canningite)
Goderich
[51]

7002144000000000000♠144 days

His Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC
(1769–1852)
22 January
1828
16 November
1830
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
Wellington–Peel
[52]

1830
William IV

(1830–1837)

7003103000000000000♠2 years and 299 days

The Right Honourable
Charles Grey
2nd Earl Grey
KGPC
(1764–1845)
22 November
1830
9 July
1834
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Grey
[53]

1831

1832

7003132600000000000♠3 years and 230 days

The Right Honourable
William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
PC
(1779–1848)
16 July
1834
14 November
1834
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Melbourne I
[54]

7002122000000000000♠122 days

His Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC
(1769–1852)
14 November
1834
10 December
1834
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Sec. of State for the Home Department
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs
Sec. of State for War and the Colonies
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
Wellington Caretaker
[52]

7001270000000000000♠27 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)
10 December
1834
8 April
1835
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
Peel I
[55]

7002120000000000000♠120 days

The Right Honourable
William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
PCFRS
(1779–1848)
18 April
1835
30 August
1841
1835

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Melbourne II
[54]

1837
Victoria

(1837–1901)

7003232700000000000♠6 years and 135 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)
30 August
1841
29 June
1846
1841

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
Peel II
[55]

7003176500000000000♠4 years and 304 days

The Right Honourable
Lord John Russell
FRS
MP for the City of London
(1792–1878)
30 June
1846
21 February
1852
1847

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Whig
Russell I
[56]

7003206300000000000♠5 years and 237 days

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
PC
(1799–1869)
23 February
1852
17 December
1852
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Conservative
Who? Who?
[57]

1852

7002299000000000000♠299 days

The Right Honourable
George Hamilton-Gordon
4th Earl of Aberdeen
KTFRSEFRSPCFSA Scot
(1784–1860)
19 December
1852
30 January
1855
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Peelite
Aberdeen
(Peelite–Whig)
[58]

7002773000000000000♠2 years and 43 days

The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
KGGCBPCFRS
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)
6 February
1855
19 February
1858
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Whig
Palmerston I
[59]

1857

7003111000000000000♠3 years and 14 days

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
PC
(1799–1869)
20 February
1858
11 June
1859
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Conservative
Derby–Disraeli II
[57]

7002477000000000000♠1 year and 112 days

The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
KGGCBPCFRS
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)
12 June
1859
18 October
1865
1859

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Liberal
Palmerston II
[59]

1865

7003232100000000000♠6 years and 129 days[†]

The Right Honourable
John Russell
1st Earl Russell
KGPCFRS
(1792–1878)
29 October
1865
26 June
1866
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Liberal
Russell II
[56]

7002241000000000000♠241 days

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
KGPC
(1799–1869)
28 June
1866
25 February
1868
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Conservative
Derby–Disraeli III
[57]

7002608000000000000♠1 year and 243 days

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
[60]

27 February
1868
1 December
1868
—

7002279000000000000♠279 days

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FSS
MP for Greenwich
(1809–1898)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[j]

Liberal
Gladstone I
[61]

3 December
1868
17 February
1874
1868

7003190300000000000♠5 years and 77 days

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
1st Earl of Beaconsfield
KGPCFRS
MP for Buckinghamshire[k]
(1804–1881)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons[l]
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal[m]
Leader of the House of Lords[n]

Conservative
Disraeli II
[60]

20 February
1874
21 April
1880
1874

7003225300000000000♠6 years and 62 days

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[o]

Liberal
Gladstone II
[61]

23 April
1880
9 June
1885
1880

7003187400000000000♠5 years and 48 days

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)
23 June
1885
28 January
1886
—

Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs
Leader of the House of Lords

Conservative
Salisbury I
[62]

7002220000000000000♠220 days

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leader of the House of Commons

Liberal
Gladstone III
[61]

1 February
1886
20 July
1886
1885

7002170000000000000♠170 days

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)
25 July
1886
11 August
1892
1886

Leader of the House of Lords
First Lord of the Treasury[p]
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs[q]

Conservative
Salisbury II
[62]

7003221000000000000♠6 years and 18 days

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leader of the House of Commons

Liberal
Gladstone IV
[61]

15 August
1892
2 March
1894
1892

7002565000000000000♠1 year and 200 days

The Right Honourable
Archibald Primrose
5th Earl of Rosebery
KGPCFRS
(1847–1929)
5 March
1894
22 June
1895
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Lord President of the Council
Leader of the House of Lords

Liberal
Rosebery
[63]

7002475000000000000♠1 year and 110 days

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)
25 June
1895
11 July
1902
—

Leader of the House of Lords
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs[r]
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal[s]

Conservative
Salisbury III
(Con.–Lib.U.)
[62]

1895

1900

7003257300000000000♠7 years and 17 days
Edward VII

(1901–1910)

The Right Honourable
Arthur Balfour
FRSDL
MP for Manchester East
(1848–1930)
11 July
1902
5 December
1905
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
Balfour
[64]

7003124400000000000♠3 years and 148 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
GCB
MP for Stirling Burghs
(1836–1908)
5 December
1905
7 April
1908
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Liberal
Campbell-Bannerman
[65]

1906

7002855000000000000♠2 years and 125 days

The Right Honourable
Herbert Henry Asquith
KCFRS
MP for East Fife
(1852–1928)
7 April
1908
5 December
1916
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Sec. of State for War[t]

Liberal
Asquith I
[66]

Jan.1910

Dec.1910
George V

(1910–1936)

—
Asquith II
(Lib.–Con.–et al.)

7003316500000000000♠8 years and 243 days

The Right Honourable
David Lloyd George
OM
MP for Caernarvon Boroughs
(1863–1945)
6 December
1916
19 October
1922
—

First Lord of the Treasury

Liberal
Lloyd George War
[67]

1918
Lloyd George II
(Lib.–Con.)

7003214400000000000♠5 years and 318 days

The Right Honourable
Bonar Law
MP for Glasgow Central
(1858–1923)
23 October
1922
20 May
1923
1922

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
(Scot.U.)
Law
[68]

7002210000000000000♠210 days

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JP
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
23 May
1923
16 January
1924
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[u]

Conservative
Baldwin I
[69]

7002239000000000000♠239 days

The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald
MP for Aberavon
(1866–1937)
22 January
1924
4 November
1924
1923

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs

Labour
MacDonald I
[70]

7002288000000000000♠288 days

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JPFRS
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
4 November
1924
5 June
1929
1924

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
Baldwin II
[69]

7003167500000000000♠4 years and 214 days

The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald
FRS
MP for Seaham
(1866–1937)
5 June
1929
7 June
1935
1929

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Labour
MacDonald II
[70]

—
National Labour
National I
(N.Lab.–Con.–et al.)

1931
National II

7003219400000000000♠6 years and 3 days

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JPFRS
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
7 June
1935
28 May
1937
1935

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
National III
(Con.–N.Lab.–et al.)
[69]

Edward VIII

(1936)

George VI

(1936–1952)

7002722000000000000♠1 year and 356 days

The Right Honourable
Neville Chamberlain
FRS
MP for Birmingham Edgbaston
(1869–1940)
28 May
1937
10 May
1940
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
National IV
[71]

Chamberlain War

7003107900000000000♠2 years and 349 days

The Right Honourable
Winston Churchill
CHTDPCcFRS
MP for Epping
(1874–1965)
10 May
1940
26 July
1945
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence
Leader of the House of Commons[v]

Conservative
Churchill War
(All parties)
[72]

Churchill Caretaker
(Con.–Lib.N.)

7003190400000000000♠5 years and 78 days

The Right Honourable
Clement Attlee
CHFRS
MP for Limehouse – Walthamstow West[w]
(1883–1967)
26 July
1945
26 October
1951
1945

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence[x]

Labour
Attlee I
[73]

1950
Attlee II

7003228400000000000♠6 years and 93 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Winston Churchill
KGOMCHTDPCcDLFRSRA
MP for Woodford
(1874–1965)
26 October
1951
6 April
1955
1951

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence[y]

Conservative
Churchill III
[72]

7003125900000000000♠3 years and 163 days
Elizabeth II

(1952–present)

The Right Honourable
Sir Anthony Eden
KGMC
MP for Warwick & Leamington
(1897–1977)
6 April
1955
10 January
1957
1955

First Lord of the Treasury

Conservative
Eden
[74]

7002646000000000000♠1 year and 280 days

The Right Honourable
Harold Macmillan
FRS
MP for Bromley
(1894–1986)
10 January
1957
19 October
1963
1959

First Lord of the Treasury

Conservative
Macmillan I
[75]

Macmillan II

7003247400000000000♠6 years and 283 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Alec Douglas-Home
KT
MP for Kinross & Western Perthshire[z]
(1903–1995)
19 October
1963
16 October
1964
—

First Lord of the Treasury

Conservative
(Scot.U.)
Douglas-Home
[76]

7002364000000000000♠364 days

The Right Honourable
Harold Wilson
OBEFRS
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995)
16 October
1964
19 June
1970
1964

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service[aa]

Labour
Wilson I
[77]

1966
Wilson II

7003207300000000000♠5 years and 247 days

The Right Honourable
Edward Heath
MBE
MP for Bexley – Sidcup[ab]
(1916–2005)
19 June
1970
4 March
1974
1970

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
Heath
[78]

7003135500000000000♠3 years and 259 days

The Right Honourable
Harold Wilson
OBEFRS
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995)
4 March
1974
5 April
1976
Feb.1974

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Labour
Wilson III
[77]

Oct.1974
Wilson IV

7002764000000000000♠2 years and 33 days

The Right Honourable
James Callaghan
MP for Cardiff South East
(1912–2005)
5 April
1976
4 May
1979
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Labour
Callaghan
[79]

7003112500000000000♠3 years and 30 days

The Right Honourable
Margaret Thatcher
FRSFRIC
MP for Finchley
(1925–2013)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
Thatcher I
[80]

4 May
1979
28 November
1990
1979

1983
Thatcher II

1987
Thatcher III

7003422700000000000♠11 years and 209 days

The Right Honourable
John Major
MP for Huntingdon
(born 1943)
28 November
1990
2 May
1997
1992

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
Major I
[81]

Major II

7003234800000000000♠6 years and 156 days

The Right Honourable
Tony Blair
MP for Sedgefield
(born 1953)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Labour
Blair I
[82]

2 May
1997
27 June
2007
1997

2001
Blair II

2005
Blair III

7003370900000000000♠10 years and 57 days

The Right Honourable
Gordon Brown
MP for Kirkcaldy & Cowdenbeath
(born 1951)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Labour
Brown
[83]

27 June
2007
11 May
2010
—

7003105000000000000♠2 years and 319 days

The Right Honourable
David Cameron
MP for Witney
(born 1966)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
Cameron–Clegg
(Con.–L.D.)
[84]

11 May
2010
13 July
2016
2010

2015
Cameron II

7003225600000000000♠6 years and 64 days

The Right Honourable
Theresa May
MP for Maidenhead
(born 1956)
Main article

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
May I
[85]

13 July
2016
Incumbent
—

2017
May II

7002524000000000000♠1 year and 159 days


document_title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

question_text: who was the murderer in the movie in the heat of the night

root

text: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1966, a wealthy industrialist named Phillip Colbert has moved from Chicago to Sparta, Mississippi to build a factory. One night, police officer Sam Wood discovers that Colbert has been murdered.

tag: p

text: Chief Gillespie leads the investigation. A doctor estimates that Colbert had been dead for a few hours. Wood finds a black man named Virgil Tibbs at the train station and arrests him. Gillespie quickly assumes that Tibbs is the culprit and tries to get Tibbs to make a confession. However, he is embarrassed to learn that Tibbs is a top homicide detective from Philadelphia. Gillespie phones Tibbs' chief, who confirms this and recommends that Tibbs should assist them. This idea does not appeal to Gillespie or Tibbs, but they reluctantly agree.

text: Gillespie arrests another suspect, but Tibbs clears him. The victim's widow is frustrated by the ineptitude of the local police and impressed by Tibbs. She threatens to stop the construction of the factory unless Tibbs leads the investigation. Despite the rocky start, the two policemen begin to respect each other as they are forced to work together.

text: Tibbs initially suspects plantation owner Endicott, a racist who publicly opposes the new factory. When Tibbs attempts to interrogate Endicott, Endicott slaps him in the face and Tibbs slaps him back. Endicott sends a gang of hooligans after Tibbs. Gillespie rescues him from the fight and tells him to leave town for his safety, but Tibbs is convinced he can solve the case. He examines Colbert's body and suggests the murder happened earlier than initially thought. He examines Colbert's car and deduces that Colbert was murdered elsewhere and the culprit moved the body. Tibbs asks Wood to retrace his car patrol route on the night of the murder, and Gillespie joins them. When Tibbs notices that Wood has changed his route, Gillespie starts suspecting Wood, though Tibbs hints there is another reason.

text: Gillespie discovers that Wood made a sizable deposit into his bank account the day after the murder while Purdy, a local, files charges against Wood for getting his 16-year-old sister Delores pregnant. Gillespie arrests Wood, despite Tibbs' protests, and Delores is interrogated. Purdy is offended that a black man was present at the interrogation, and he gathers a mob to get revenge. Tibbs reveals that the murder was committed at the site of the planned factory and clears Wood. He also admits that he knew why Wood had changed his route: Delores is an exhibitionist and Wood has been spying on her.

text: Tibbs visits a backstreet abortionist, who reveals that someone paid for Delores to have an abortion. When Delores arrives, Tibbs follows her outside and is confronted by the murderer, Ralph. Purdy's mob tracks down Tibbs and holds him at gunpoint; he responds by proving that Ralph got Delores pregnant. Ralph shoots Purdy dead before Tibbs disarms him. Ralph is arrested (presumptively for both murders) and confesses to Colbert’s: he robbed Colbert to fund Delores's abortion but accidentally killed him.

text: The final scene shows Tibbs boarding a train bound for Philadelphia, as Gillespie respectfully bids him farewell.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sidney Poitier as Virgil Tibbs
Rod Steiger as Gillespie
Warren Oates as Sam Wood
Lee Grant as Mrs. Colbert
Larry Gates as Endicott
James Patterson as Mr. Purdy
William Schallert as Mayor Schubert
Beah Richards as Mama Caleba
Peter Whitney as Courtney

Kermit Murdock as Henderson
Larry D. Mann as Watkins
Matt Clark as Packy
Arthur Malet as Ulam
Fred Stewart as Dr. Stuart
Quentin Dean as Delores
Scott Wilson as Harvey Oberst
Timothy Scott as Shagbag
William C. Watson as McNeil

Eldon Quick as Charles Hawthorne
Stuart Nisbet as Shuie
Khalil Bezaleel as Jess
Peter Masterson as Fryer
Jester Hairston as butler
Phil Adams as 1st tough
Nikita Knatz as 2nd tough
Sam Reese as clerk
Anthony James as Ralph

Uncredited
Harry Dean Stantonas policeman
Clegg Hoytas policeman[final acting roledied two monthsafter film's release]
Jazan Winona Wallace as Viola

tag: table

text: Song credit[edit]

text:
"In the Heat of the Night" sung by Ray Charles
Song lyrics by Alan & Marilyn Bergman

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Jewison, Poitier, and Steiger worked together and got along well during the filming, but Jewison had problems with the Southern authorities, and Poitier had reservations about coming south of the Mason–Dixon Line for filming. However, despite their reservations, Jewison decided to film part of the film in Dyersburg (Endicott's house) and Union City, Tennessee, anyway while the rest was filmed in Sparta, Chester (Harvey Oberst chase scene), and Freeburg (Compton's diner), Illinois.

text: The famous scene of Tibbs slapping Endicott is not present in the novel. According to Poitier, the scene was almost not in the movie. In the textbook "Civil Rights and Race Relations in the USA 1850-2009 (Access to History)," Poitier states: "I said, 'I'll tell you what, I'll make this movie for you if you give me your absolute guarantee when he slaps me I slap him right back and you guarantee that it will play in every version of this movie.' I try not to do things that are against nature." [4] However, Poitier's version of the story is contradicted by Mark Harris in his book, Pictures at a Revolution. Harris states that copies of the original draft of the screenplay that he obtained clearly contain the scene as filmed, which is backed up by Jewison and Silliphant.

text: The film is also important for being the first major Hollywood film in color that was lit with proper consideration for a person of African descent. Haskell Wexler recognized that standard strong lighting used in filming tended to produce too much glare on dark complexions and rendered the features indistinct. Accordingly, Wexler toned it down to feature Poitier with better photographic results.[5]

text: Reception[edit]

text: In contrast to films like The Chase and Hurry Sundown, which offered confused visions of the South, In the Heat of the Night offered a tough, edgy vision of a Southern town that seemed to hate outsiders more than itself, a theme reflecting the uncertain mood of the time as the Civil Rights Movement attempted to take hold. Canadian director Jewison wanted to tell an anti-racist story of a white man and a black man working together in spite of difficulties. Jewison said that this film proved a conviction he had held for a long time: "It's you against the world. It's like going to war. Everybody is trying to tell you something different and they are always putting obstacles in your way."

text: In one famous scene, Gillespie mocks the name 'Virgil' by saying "That's a funny name for a nigger boy that comes from Philadelphia! What do they call you up there?" An irritated Tibbs replies: "They call me Mr. Tibbs!" The line was later listed as number 16 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes, a list of top film quotes, and was also the title of the sequel. An iconic scene that surprised and perhaps shocked audiences at the time occurs when Tibbs is slapped by Endicott. Tibbs responds by slapping him back.

text: In a San Francisco pre-screening, Jewison was concerned when the young audience was laughing at the film as if it were a comedy. The audience's stunned reaction to the slapping scene convinced Jewison that the film was effective as drama.[6] That scene helped make the film so popular for audiences, finally seeing the top black film actor physically strike back against bigotry, that the film earned the nickname, Super-spade Versus the Rednecks.[7]  During the film's initial run, Steiger and Poitier occasionally went to the Capitol Theatre in New York to amuse themselves seeing how many black and white audience members there were, which could be immediately ascertained by listening to the former cheering Tibbs's retaliatory slap and the latter whispering "Oh!" in astonishment.[8]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Then-freshman critic Roger Ebert in 1967 gave In the Heat of the Night a positive review and placed it at number ten on his top ten list of 1967 films.[9][10] AD Murphy of Variety magazine felt it was a good but uneven film.[11]

text: With the release of the film in the United States in August, Poitier was starring in two movies simultaneously at the box office, as To Sir, with Love had been released the previous June.

text: The film, as of July 2017, holds a 96% "Certified Fresh" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, out of 44 reviews collected with an average rating of 8.2 out of 10. It's consensus states, "Tense, funny, and thought-provoking all at once, and lifted by strong performances from Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger.[12]

text: Musical score and soundtrack[edit]

text:
In the Heat of the Night
Soundtrack album by Quincy JonesReleased
1967Recorded
1967Genre
Film scoreLength
33:34Label
United ArtistsUAL 4160/UAS 5160Quincy Jones chronology

Enter Laughing(1966)Enter Laughing1966

In the Heat of the Night(1967)

In Cold Blood(1967)In Cold Blood1967

text: The film score was composed, arranged and conducted by Quincy Jones, and the soundtrack album was released on the United Artists label in 1967.[13][14] The title song performed by Ray Charles, composed by Quincy Jones, with lyrics by Marilyn Bergman and Alan Bergman was released as a single by ABC Records and reached #33 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #21 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart.

text: Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[15]

text: Allmusic's Steven McDonald said the soundtrack had "a tone of righteous fury woven throughout" and that "the intent behind In the Heat of the Night was to get a Southern, blues-inflected atmosphere to support the angry, anti-racist approach of the picture .. although the cues from In the Heat of the Night show their age".[15] The Vinyl Factory said "this soundtrack to a film about racism in the South has a cool, decidedly Southern-fried sound with funk-bottomed bluesy touches, like on the strutting ‘Cotton Curtain’, the down ‘n’ dirty ‘Whipping Boy’ or the fat ‘n’ sassy ‘Chief’s Drive to Mayor’".[16]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All compositions by Quincy Jones

text:
"In the Heat of the Night' (Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman) − 2:30
"Peep-Freak Patrol Car" − 1:30
"Cotton Curtain" − 2:33
"Where Whitey Ain't Around" − 1:11
"Whipping Boy" − 1:25
"No You Won't" − 1:34
"Nitty Gritty Time" − 1:50
"It Sure Is Groovy!" − 2:30 (Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman)
"Bowlegged Polly" − 2:30 (Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman)
"Shag Bag, Hounds & Harvey" − 3:28
"Chief's Drive to Mayor" − 1:10
"Give Me Until Morning" − 1:09
"On Your Feet, Boy!" − 1:37
"Blood & Roots" − 1:07
"Mama Caleba's Blues" − 5:00
"Foul Owl" − 2:30 (Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman)

tag: ol

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Unidentified orchestra arranged and conducted by Quincy Jones including
Ray Charles − vocals (track 1), piano (track 15)
Glen Campbell − vocals (track 9), banjo
Boomer and Travis (track 16), Gil Bernal (track 8) − vocals
Roland Kirk − flute
Bobby Scott − tack piano
Billy Preston − organ (track 1)
Ray Brown − bass
Don Elliott − human instrument
The Raelettes − backing vocals (track 1)

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Steven H. Scheuer's Movies on TV (1972–73 edition) gives In the Heat of the Night its highest rating of 4 stars, recommending it as an "[E]xciting, superbly acted and directed film about prejudice, manners and morals in a small Mississippi town", with the concluding sentences stating, "[D]irector Norman Jewison does an outstanding job in creating the subsurface tension of life in a 'sleepy' Southern town, and the supporting performances are uniformly fine. A first-rate film in all respects." Leonard Maltin's TV Movies & Video Guide (1989 edition) follows Scheuer's example with its own highest rating of 4 stars, concluding that "[M]arvelous social thriller hasn't dated one bit—tough, funny, and atmospheric, with unbeatable acting and splendid Quincy Jones score. Five Oscars include Best Picture..."

text: Mick Martin's & Marsha Porter's DVD & Video Guide (2007 edition) also puts its rating high, at 4 stars (out of 5), finding it "[A] rousing murder mystery elevated by the excellent acting of Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier."

text: British references likewise show high regard for the film, with David Shipman in his 1984 The Good Film and Video Guide giving 3 (out of 4) stars, noting that "[A]s mystery or detective story this film is only fair but it has enormous tension. Within its given framework, it is good on the colour question. There is tension in the eyes of the black (Sidney Poitier), who happens to be a homicide officer, and malevolence in those of the local police chief (Rod Steiger). These are two remarkable performances, well supported by Warren Oates, Lee Grant and Larry Gates."

text: Another British film critic with a highly personal Film Guide, Leslie Halliwell, gave 2 stars (out of 4) describing it in the 5th edition (1985) as an "[O]verrated policier in which the personality clash is amusing (and was timely) but the murder puzzle is a complete throwaway." The Guide continued to be published after Halliwell's death in 1989 and, in the 21st edition, Halliwell's Film Video & DVD Guide 2007, John Walker, who took over as the Guide's author, raised the rating to the highest level of 4 stars and rewrote the evaluation to state that it is "[A] tense and exciting thriller that also explores racism through the explosive clash of two contrasting personalities."

text: Home media[edit]

text: In the Heat of the Night was first released on DVD in 2001. In 2010, the film was digitized in High Definition (1080i) and broadcast on MGM HD.

text: In 2014, MGM released the film on Blu-ray.

text: Preservation[edit]

text: The Academy Film Archive preserved In the Heat of the Night in 1997.[17]

text: Gallery[edit]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: In the Heat of the Night was nominated for seven Academy Awards, winning five. They are as follows:[18]

text:
Academy Award for Best Picture — Walter Mirisch
Academy Award for Best Actor — Rod Steiger
Academy Award for Best Film Editing — Hal Ashby
Academy Award for Best Sound — Samuel Goldwyn Studios
Academy Award for Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium — Stirling Silliphant

text:
Academy Award for Best Director — Norman Jewison
Academy Award for Best Sound Effects — James Richard

text:
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama—Rod Steiger
Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay—Stirling Silliphant
BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor—Rod Steiger
BAFTA UN Award—Walter Mirisch
Edgar Award—Best Motion Picture Screenplay—Stirling Silliphant (Ball's book also received an Edgar, for Best First Novel)
New York Film Critics Circle Awards for Best Picture Walter Mirisch

text: American Film Institute recognition

text:
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition): #75
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains: Virgil Tibbs #19 Hero
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
Virgil Tibbs: "They call me Mister Tibbs!": #16
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers: # 21

text:
BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor—Sidney Poitier
BAFTA Award for Best Film from any Source—Norman Jewison
Directors Guild of America for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures—Norman Jewison
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture Director—Norman Jewison
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture Actor—Drama—Sidney Poitier
Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress—Lee Grant
Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress—Quentin Dean
Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media—Quincy Jones
Writers Guild of America for Best Written American Drama—Stirling Silliphant


document_title: Integumentary system

question_text: what are three functions of the skin or integument

text: Integumentary system

text: Skin[edit]

text: The skin is the largest organ of the body. In humans, it accounts for about 12 to 15 percent of total body weight and covers 1.5-2m2 of surface area.[1]

text: The human skin (integument) is composed of at least two major layers of tissue: the epidermis and dermis. (The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is not part of the skin[citation needed].) The epidermis is the outermost layer, providing the initial barrier to the external environment. Beneath this, the dermis comprises two sections, the papillary and reticular layers, and contains connective tissues, vessels, glands, follicles, hair roots, sensory nerve endings, and muscular tissue.[2]  The deepest layer, the hypodermis, is primarily made up of adipose tissue. Substantial collagen bundles anchor the dermis to the hypodermis in a way that permits most areas of the skin to move freely over the deeper tissue layers.[3]

text: Epidermis[edit]

text: The epidermis is the top layer of skin made up of epithelial cells. It does not contain blood vessels. Its main functions are protection, absorption of nutrients, and homeostasis. In structure, it consists of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium ; four types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells. The major cell of the epidermis is the keratinocyte, which produces keratin. Keratin is a fibrous protein that aids in protection. An overwhelming amount of keratin can cause disease and infection as well as some eruptions from the skin that will protrude out of the skin and lead to death.[citation needed] Keratin is also a waterproofing protein.  Millions of dead keratinocytes rub off daily. The majority of the skin on the body is keratinized. The only skin on the body that is non-keratinized is the lining of skin on the inside of the mouth. Non-keratinized cells allow water to "stay" atop the structure.

text: The protein keratin stiffens epidermal tissue to form fingernails. Nails grow from a thin area called the nail matrix; growth of nails is 1 mm per week on average. The lunula is the crescent-shape area at the base of the nail, this is a lighter color as it mixes with the matrix cells. Also, the stratum corneum is the top part of the epidermis.

text: Dermis[edit]

text: The dermis is the middle layer of skin, composed of dense irregular connective tissue and areolar connective tissue such as a collagen with elastin arranged in a diffusely bundled and woven pattern. The dermis has two layers. One is the papillary layer which is the superficial layer and consists of the areolar connective tissue. The other is the reticular layer which is the deep layer of the dermis and consists of the dense irregular connective tissue. These layers serve to give elasticity to the integument, allowing stretching and conferring flexibility, while also resisting distortions, wrinkling, and sagging.[2] The dermal layer provides a site for the endings of blood vessels and nerves. Many chromatophores are also stored in this layer, as are the bases of integumental structures such as hair, feathers, and glands.

text: Hypodermis[edit]

text: The hypodermis, otherwise known as the subcutaneous layer, is a layer beneath the skin. It invaginates into the dermis and is attached to the latter, immediately above it, by collagen and elastin fibres. It is essentially composed of a type of cell known as adipocytes specialised in accumulating and storing fats. These cells are grouped together in lobules separated by connective tissue.

text: The hypodermis acts as an energy reserve. The fats contained in the adipocytes can be put back into circulation, via the venous route, during intense effort or when there is a lack of energy providing substances, and are then transformed into energy. The hypodermis participates, passively at least, in thermoregulation since fat is a heat insulator.

text: Functions[edit]

text: The integumentary system has multiple roles in homeostasis. All body systems work in an interconnected manner to maintain the internal conditions essential to the function of the body.  The skin has an important job of protecting the body and acts as the body’s first line of defense against infection, temperature change, and other challenges to homeostasis. Functions include:

text:
Protect the body’s internal living tissues and organs
Protect against invasion by infectious organisms
Protect the body from dehydration
Protect the body against abrupt changes in temperature, maintain homeostasis
Help excrete waste materials through perspiration
Act as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold (see Somatosensory system)
Protect the body against sunburns by secreting melanin
Generate vitamin D through exposure to ultraviolet light
Store water, fat, glucose, vitamin D
Maintenance of the body form
Formation of new cells from stratum germanium to repair minor injuries
Protect from UV rays.
Regulates body temperature

text: It distinguishes, separates, and protects the organism from its surroundings. Small-bodied invertebrates of aquatic or continually moist habitats respire using the outer layer (integument). This gas exchange system, where gases simply diffuse into and out of the interstitial fluid, is called integumentary exchange.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Possible diseases and injuries to the human integumentary system include:

text:
Rash
Yeast
Athlete's foot
Infection
Sunburn
Skin cancer
Albinism
Acne
Herpes
Herpes labialis, commonly called cold sores
Impetigo
Rubella
Cancer
Psoriasis
Rabies
Rosacea
Atopic Dermatitis
Eczema


document_title: Chief Justice of Gujarat

question_text: who is chief justice of gujarat high court

text: Chief Justice of Gujarat

text: The Chief Justice of Gujarat presides over the Gujarat High Court. They are appointed by the President of India under warrant. The President is required to consult the Governor of Gujarat and the Chief Justice of India before making such appointment. The Governor of Gujarat administers the oath of office at time of appointment.

text: The Chief Justice of the High Court of Gujarat is Mr. Justice R. Subhash Reddy.

text: List of Chief justice of Gujarat[1][edit]

text:
Sr No
Name
Date of Appointment
Date of Cessation

1
Mr. Sunderlal Desai
1 May 1960
25 January 1961

2
Mr. Kantilal Desai
26 January 1961
22 May 1963

3
Mr. Jaishanker Shelat
23 May 1963
30 May 1963 (Acting CJ)

4
Mr. Jaishanker Shelat
31 May 1963
24 February 1966

5
Mr. Nomanbhai Miabhoy
21 February 1966
15 September 1967

6
Mr. Prafullchandra Bhagvati
16 September 1967
17 July 1973

7
Mr. Bipinchandra Diwan
28 August 1977
19 August 1981

8
Mr. Manharlal Thakkar
20 August 1981
15 March 1983

9
Mr. Padmanabham Poti
28 September 1983
1 February 1985

10
Mr. P R Gokulakrishnan
21 March 1985
12 August 1990

11
Mr. Gajendra Ray
2 December 1990
7 October 1991

12
Mr. S Nainar Sundaram
15 June 1992
13 December 1993

13
Mr. Bhupenranath Kirpal
14 December 1993
11 September 1995

14
Mr. Gurudas Kamat
1 July 1996
4 January 1997

15
Mr. Kumaran Sreedharan
20 October 1997
3 June 1998

16
Mr. Konakuppakatti Balakrishnan
16 July 1998
7 September 1999

17
Mr. D M Dharmadhikari
25 January 2000
4 March 2002

18
Mr. Bhawani Singh
25 August 2003
27 March 2006

19
Mr. Y R Meena
3 February 2007

20
Mr. K S Radhakrishna
4 September 2008
15 November 2009

19
Mr. Y R Meena
3 February 2007

20
Mr. K S Radhakrishna
4 September 2008
15 November 2009

21
Mr. S J Mukhopandhaya
9 December 2009
13 September 2011

22
Mr. Bhaskar Bhattacharya
21 July 2012
28 September 2014

22
Mr. R. Subhash Reddy
12 February 2016
Incumbent


document_title: Reservation against Cancellation

question_text: what is the meaning of rac in indian railway

text: Reservation against Cancellation

text:
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text: A Reservation Against Cancellation (RAC) is a type of ticket that can be sold for travel on the Indian Railways. Although it ensures certainty of travel, it does not guarantee a berth. A berth will be allocated to the person who reserves an RAC ticket if passengers who already have a confirmed ticket do not turn up before the train departure or get their confirmed ticket cancelled.[1][2] A berth is split into 2 seats for 2 RAC ticket holders. If there’s any last minute cancellations, or if any quota allocations remain unsold, or if any confirmed ticket holders are given a free upgrade (more later), an RAC ticket holder is given the empty berth, the other RAC ticket holder can then convert the 2 seats into a berth.[3]

text: Generally, RAC/WL tickets will have two numbers - RAC8/RAC2, WL20/WL15, WL12/RAC2, etc. The first number shows the status of the ticket at the time of booking. The second number after the slash (/) shows the current status of your ticket. So, RAC8/RAC2 means that when you purchased the ticket, it may be that yours was the 8th such ticket under RAC category, which has moved 6 places after 6 cancellations before your position which is moved to the 2nd (you can assume that you were the 8th person in the queue and you are the 2nd person now). You can check the current status of your booking by entering 10-digit PNR number in Indian Railway website. So having a RAC ticket means that you can travel sharing a berth with another person.[4]


document_title: Jean (female given name)

question_text: what is the meaning of the name jean

question_tokens: what is the meaning of the name jean

text: Jean (female given name)

text:
Jean

Pronunciation
/ˈdʒiːn/
sometimes Scottish: /ˈdʒeɪn/

Gender
Female

Origin

Word/name
Old French

Meaning
"The Lord is Gracious"

Other names

Related names
Jeanne, Jane, Joan, Jeannette, Janet, Jean (male given name)

text: Jean is a common female given name in English-speaking countries. It is the Scottish form of Jane (and is sometimes pronounced that way). It is sometimes spelled Jeaine. It is the equivalent of Johanna, Joanna, Joanne, Jeanne, Jana, and Joan.

text: Famous people with the given name Jean:

text: Notable people[edit]

text:
Jean Acker (1893–1978), American silent film actress
Jean Alexander (1926–2016), English television actress
Jean Anderson (1907–2001), English actress
Jean Arthur (1900–1991), American actress
Jean M. Auel (born 1936), American writer
Jean Bartik (1924–2011), American computer programmer
Jean Batten (1909–1982), New Zealand aviator
Jean Boht (born 1932), English actress
Jean Byron (1925–2006), American actress
Jean Carn (born 1947), American jazz and pop singer
Jean Carroll (1911–2010), American actress and comedian
Jean Carroll (born 1980), Irish cricketer
Jean Clemens (1880–1909), youngest daughter of writer Mark Twain
Jean Colin (1905–1989), English actress
Jean Conan Doyle (1912–1997), British Air Commandant
Jean Coulthard (1908–2000), Canadian composer
Jean Darling (1922–2015), American child actress
Jean Donovan (1953–1980), American lay missionary who was murdered in El Salvador
Jean Erdman (born 1916), American dancer and choreographer
Jean Fuller (born 1950), American politician
Jean Garcia (born 1969), Filipino actress
Jean Craighead George (1919–2012), American author
Jean D'Costa (born 1937), Jamaican children's novelist
Jean Grae (born 1976), American hip hop artist
Jean Gordon, Countess of Bothwell (1546–1629), Scottish noblewoman
Jean Hagen (1923–1977), American actress
Jean Harlow (1911–1937), American actress
Jean Hepburn (died 1599), Scottish noblewoman
Jean Horsley (1913–1997), New Zealand artist
Jean Houston (born 1937), American author
Jean Ingelow (1820–1897), an English poet and novelist
Nikki Jean (born Nicholle Jean Leary) (born 1983), American singer-songwriter
Jean Kerr (1922–2003), American author and playwright
Jean Kent (1921−2013), British actress
Jean Knight (born 1943), American soul/R&B/funk singer
Jean Madeira (1918–1972), American mezzo-soprano
Jean Marsh (born 1934), English actress and screenwriter
Jean Muir (1928–1995), English fashion designer
Jean Parker (1915–2005), American actress
Jean Passanante (born 1953), American television screenwriter
Jean Peters (1926–2000), American actress
Jean Prahm (born 1978), American bobsledder
Jean Rabe (born 1957), American fantasy and sci-fi author and editor
Jean Redpath (1937–2014), Scottish folk singer
Jean Rhys (1890–1979), Dominican novelist
Jean Ritchie (1922–2015), American folk singer and songwriter
Jean Rogers (1916–1991), American actress
Jean Sagal (born 1961), American television actress and director
Jean Saunders (1932–2011), British writer of romance novels
Jean Schmidt (born 1951), American politician
Jean Seberg (1938–1979), American actress
Jean Shafiroff (1933–2016), American philanthropist and socialite
Jean Shepard (1933–2016), American honky tonk singer-songwriter
Jean Shrimpton (born 1942), English model and actress
Jean Simmons (1929–2010), English actress
Jean Smart (born 1951), American actress
Jean Kennedy Smith (born 1928), American diplomat
Jean Stafford (1915–1979), American short story writer and novelist
Jean Stapleton (1923–2013), American actress
Jean Stewart (born 1930), New Zealand swimmer
Jean Terrell (born 1944), American R&B and jazz singer
Jean Valentine (born 1934), American poet
Jean Vander Pyl (1919–1999), American actress
Jean Webster, pseudonym for Alice Jane Chandler Webster (1876–1916), an American writer
Jean Westwood (figure skater), British ice dancer
Jean Westwood (politician) (1923–1997), a political figure born in Utah
Jean Willes (1923–1989), American film actress
Jean R. Yawkey (1909–1992), the wife of Tom Yawkey and owner of the Boston Red Sox

text: Fictional characters[edit]

text:
Jean, in the British sitcom Dinnerladies
Jean Brodie, in the novella and film The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie
Jean DeWolff, in the comic Spider-Man
Jean Louise "Scout" Finch, narrator of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird
Jean Grey, in Marvel comics. An omega-level mutant with extremely powerful empathic, telepathic and telekinetic abilities. She is host of the almighty Phoenix Force entity.
Jean Randolph, an alternate personality of Victoria Lord on the American soap opera One Life to Live
Jean Warboys, in the British sitcom One Foot in the Grave
Jean Hawkins, the deceased wife of Robert Hawkins and late mother of Sharon and Virgil in Static Shock.
Jean Nesbitt, sister of the protagonist from the TV sitcom Barbara, portrayed by Sherrie Hewson.
Jean Abbott, wife of Sid James's character in the TV sitcom Bless This House, portrayed by Diana Coupland.


document_title: Football in France

question_text: how many football teams are there in france

text: Football in France

text: League system[edit]

text: Ligue de Football Professionnel[edit]

text: The top two divisions of French football, Ligue 1 and Ligue 2, are governed by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The league is responsible for overseeing, organizing, and managing the top two leagues and is also responsible for the 46 professional football clubs that contest football in France (20 in Ligue 1, 20 in Ligue 2, and 6 in the Championnat National).[8][9][10]

text: Ligue 1 is the French professional league for football clubs. It is the country's primary football competition and serves as the top division of the French football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Ligue 2. Ligue 1 is one of the top national leagues, currently ranked fifth in Europe behind the English Premier League, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A, and the German Fußball-Bundesliga. Ligue 1 was inaugurated on 11 September 1932 under the name National before switching to Division 1 after a year of existence. The name lasted until 2002 before switching to its current name. The current champions of France are AS Monaco.

text: Ligue 2 is the second division of French football. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Championnat National. The league was created in 1934, a year after Ligue 1 and consisted of 23 clubs that were divided into two groups, Nord and Sud.

text: Championnat National[edit]

text: The Championnat National is the third division of French football. Though the league has several clubs that are members of the Ligue de Football Professionnel, it is not governed by the organization primarily because of the LFP's refusal to divide its profits into smaller shares, so they can collaborate with the many amateur clubs in the league to help them become professional. The French Football Federation moderates the league, which was founded in 1993 under the name National 1. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Championnat de France amateur.

text: Championnat de France amateur[edit]

text: The Championnat de France amateur, commonly referred to as simply CFA, is a football league in France. The league is the fourth division of French football and normally features 72 football clubs. Most clubs that participate in the league are amateur clubs (hence the league name), but a small number of clubs are semi-professional. The CFA consists of 72 clubs spread into 4 parallel groups of 18. It is open to the best reserve teams in France and amateur clubs in France, although only the amateur clubs are eligible for promotion to the Championnat National. The highest-placed amateur team in each pool are promoted, replaced by the 4 lowest-placed in the Championnat National.

text: Championnat de France amateur 2[edit]

text: The Championnat de France amateur 2, known as CFA 2, is run similarly to its predecessor. It is the 5th highest league in French football and is made up of 128 teams in 8 groups of 16 teams. Twelve teams, the teams (both amateur and reserves of professional teams in higher divisions) that top their league, along with 4 second-placed teams, are promoted to the CFA.

text: Amateur football[edit]

text: Amateur football in France is organized and managed by the Ligue du Football Amateur. The LFA, under the watch of the French Football Federation, is responsible for administering and federating the actions of the regional and district leagues beginning with the Division d'Honneur all the way down to the lower divisions of the departmental districts. The LFA takes up all issues related to the national non-professional leagues and districts.[11]

text: Women's football[edit]

text: Women's football in France consists of three divisions, Division 1 Féminine, Division 2 Féminine, and Division 3 Féminine. The D1 Féminine is the top league for women's association football clubs in France. It is the female equivalent to the men's Ligue 1 and is contested by 12 clubs. The league operates on a system of promotion and relegation with lower leagues and is governed by the French Football Federation, who resurrected the women's league in 1974.

text: Overseas leagues[edit]

text: The leagues based in the overseas departments and territories of France are run by their respective associations under the watch of the French Football Federation. Under the rules of the FFF, clubs in the leagues are allowed to participate in confederation competitions based on their regional locations. For example, the champion of the Réunion Premier League is allowed inclusion into the CAF Champions League.

text: Cup competitions[edit]

text: The two most important cup competitions in France are the Coupe de France and the Coupe de la Ligue. However, several other national cups are targeted at clubs at different levels.

text:
The Coupe de France is the premier knockout cup competition in French football. It is open to all amateur and professional football clubs in France, including clubs based in the overseas departments and territories. The final is played at the Stade de France and, during the 2007–08 season, celebrated its 90th anniversary.
The Coupe de la Ligue is the second major cup competition in France. It is known outside France as the French League Cup and is a knockout league cup competition organised by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. Unlike the Coupe de France, it is only open to professional clubs who are members of the LFP.
The Trophée des champions is played each July as a one-off match between the Coupe de France winners and the Ligue 1 champions.
Regional amateur leagues of France organise their own cup competitions that are run by the French Football Federation. For example, the Coupe Bourgogne only features amateur clubs that are based in the region of Burgundy.
Youth cups include the Coupe Gambardella, Coupe Nationale, and the Coupe Fédérale. The Coupe Gambardella cup competition held between the under-19s of the French football clubs. The Coupe Nationale holds dual competitions for the under-13 and under-15 teams of football clubs, while the Coupe Fédérale holds a national cup competition for under-16 teams.
The Coupe de l'Outre-Mer is a football cup competition that was created in 2008. It was designed to have the national football teams of the overseas territories compete against each other.
Women's football cup competitions in France consists of the Challenge de France, Coupe Nationale, and the Coupe Fédérale. The Challenge de France is the premier cup competition reserved exclusively for French women's football clubs. The competition is open to all professional and non-professional women's teams in the country. The Coupe National holds a youth cup competition for the under-14 teams, while the Coupe Fédérale holds cup competitions for the under-13 and under-16 teams.

text: Competition records[edit]

text: UEFA Champions League[edit]

text: The following teams have qualified for elimination rounds in the UEFA Champions League.

text:
Olympique de Marseille (1989–90 – Semi-finals, 1990–91 – Runner-up, 1992–93 – Champions, 2011–12 – Quarter-finals)
AS Monaco (1993–94 – Semi-finals, 1997–98 – Semi-finals, 2003–04 – Runner-up)
Saint-Étienne (1974–75 – Semi-finals, 1975–76 – Runner-up, 1976–77 – Quarter-finals)
Olympique Lyonnais (2003–04 – Quarter-finals, 2004–05 – Quarter-finals, 2005–06 – Quarter-finals, 2009–10 – Semi-finals)
Stade de Reims (1955–56 – Runner-up, 1958–59 – Runner-up, 1962–63 – Quarter-finals)
Bordeaux (1984–85 – Semi-finals, 2009–10 – Quarter-finals)
Paris Saint-Germain (1994–95 – Semi-finals, 2012–13 – Quarter Finals, 2013–14 – Quarter Finals, 2015 -16 - Quarter Finals)
Nantes (1995–96 – Semi-finals)
Auxerre (1996–97 – Quarter-finals)

text: National teams[edit]

text: The France national football team represents France in international football.[12] France was one of the four European teams that participated at the inaugural World Cup in 1930 and are one of eight national teams to have won the competition, which they did in 1998 when they hosted the Cup. They defeated Brazil 3–0 in the final. Following France's 2001 Confederations Cup victory, they became, along with Argentina, the only national teams to win the three most important men's titles organized by FIFA: the FIFA World Cup, the FIFA Confederations Cup, and the Olympic Tournament.

text: The France women's national football team represents the country in international women's football. The France women's national team initially struggled on the international stage failing to qualify for three of the first FIFA Women's World Cups and the six straight UEFA European Championships before reaching the quarter-finals in the 1997 edition of the competition. However, since the beginning of the new millennium, France have become a mid-tier national team and one of the most consistent in Europe having qualified for their first-ever FIFA Women's World Cup in 2003 and reaching the quarter-finals in two of the three European Championships held since 2000.

text: The France national youth football teams consists of age-specific national teams beginning with the France national under-16 football team and ending with the France national under-21 football team. Since the coaching tenure of Aimé Jacquet, there is an unwritten rule among senior national team coaches that players called up to the national team must have had prior international experience with the under-21 team.

text: Overseas departments national teams[edit]

text: The following overseas department national teams act as feeder teams for the French national football team. All teams are run by their respective federation under the authority of the French Football Federation.

text:
National team
Elo Ranking
Manager
Stadium
Member Association(s)

French Guiana
159
 Zulémaro, GhislainGhislain Zulémaro
Stade de Baduel
CONCACAF and CFU

Guadeloupe
91
 Salnot, RogerRoger Salnot
Stade René Serge Nabajoth
CONCACAF and CFU

Martinique
115
 Antonin, TheodoreTheodore Antonin
Stade d'Honneur de Dillon
CONCACAF and CFU

Réunion
138
TBD
Stade Jean-Ivoula
CAF

Saint-Martin
193
 Gerard, AndyAndy Gerard
TBD
CONCACAF and CFU

text: As an overseas department of the French Republic, each national team is not a member of FIFA, therefore they are not eligible to enter the World Cup. However, since inhabitants of the overseas departments are French citizens, players are eligible to play for the French national football team. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Martin, and the French Guiana are associate members of CONCACAF and are full members of the Caribbean Football Union, and are thus eligible for all competitions organized by both, while Réunion are associate members of CAF. Indeed, according to the status of the FFF (article 34, paragraph 6): "[...]Under the control of related continental confederations, and with the agreement of the FFF, those leagues can organize international sport events at a regional level or set up teams in order to participate to them."

text: A special rule of the CONCACAF Gold Cup only allows players to join the team if they have not played for France during the past five years. On the other side, any player joining the team is allowed to join the French national team afterward with no time restrictions.

text: The use of overseas department players have been extremely beneficial with regards to the French national team. Lilian Thuram and Bernard Lama, who were born in Guadeloupe and Martinique, respectively, were a part of the winning team at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Also on the team were Thierry Henry and Bernard Diomède, who, though born in metropolitan France, were descendants of parents from overseas departments. Currently, Florent Malouda (French Guiana), William Gallas, Mikaël Silvestre, Michaël Ciani (Guadeloupe), Nicolas Anelka (Martinique), and Guillaume Hoarau and Florent Sinama Pongolle (Réunion) are members of the national team who either hail from or families hail from the overseas departments.


document_title: Sleepy Lagoon murder

question_text: what was the significance of the sleepy lagoon trial

text: Sleepy Lagoon murder

text: Death[edit]

text: With the internment of Japanese Americans, racial tension in California shifted toward the Mexican-American community and, spurred by the media, a grand jury headed by E. Duran Ayres was appointed by the City of Los Angeles to investigate an alleged "Mexican Crime Wave."[2]

text: The morning of August 2, 1942, José Díaz was found unconscious and later died in the hospital. The autopsy revealed that Díaz was intoxicated and that death was the result of blunt head trauma. Despite one medical examiner stating that the injuries were consistent with being hit by a car, 20-year-old Henry Leyvas and 24 members of what the media termed "the 38th Street gang" were arrested for allegedly murdering Díaz. They suspected that rival Pachuco gang fights were the cause of Díaz's death.

text: In response to the alleged murder, the media began a campaign calling for action against "zoot suiters" which led police on August 10 to conduct a roundup of 600 Latinos who were charged with suspicion of assault, armed robbery, and related offenses; 175 were eventually held for various crimes.[2]

text: Criminal trial[edit]

text: The resulting criminal trial is now generally viewed as lacking in the fundamental requirements of due process. Seventeen Latino youths were indicted on the murder charges and placed on trial.[3] The courtroom was small and during the trial the defendants were not allowed to sit near, or to communicate with, their attorneys. None of those charged were permitted to change their clothes during the trial by order of Judge Fricke at the request of the district attorney on the grounds that the jury should see the defendants in the zoot suits that were "obviously" only worn by "hoodlums". Every time a name was mentioned by a witness or the district attorney, regardless of how damning the statement was, the named defendant was required to stand up.[2] Judge Fricke also permitted the chief of the Foreign Relations Bureau of the Los Angeles sheriff's office, E. Duran Ayres, to testify as an "expert witness" that Mexicans as a community had a "blood-thirst" and a "biological predisposition" to crime and killing, citing the culture of human sacrifice practiced by their Aztec ancestors.[4]

text: Activist involvement[edit]

text: The Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee was a community organization made up of Los Angeles community members and activists who came together to support the defendants. The SLDC (Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee) was also known as The Citizens' Committee for the Defense of Mexican-American Youth. The committee was labeled a Communist front organization by the California state legislature's Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities headed by Jack Tenney. Some SLDC members included: Alice McGrath, Josefina Fierro de Bright, Josefa Fierro, Maria Alvez, Luisa Moreno, Dorothy Healey, LaRue McCormick, Lupe Leyvas, Henry Leyvas, Doc Johnson, Frank Lopez, Bert Corona, and Gray Bemis. The SLDC's mission was to mount a civil rights crusade so that "these Mexican-American defendants might have a full measure of justice under the Constitution". The SLDC utilized their contacts with influential community members to promote their cause and for fund-raising purposes to be able to support their cause. After Judge Fricke's verdict in January, the Mexican-American youths were imprisoned without evidence and because they were "Mexican and dangerous", ipso facto. The Mexican American community was outraged and several attorneys challenged Judge Fricke's decisions: George Shibley, Robert Kenny, Clore Ware, Ben Margolis, John McTernan, Carey McWilliams, and several others. Together they hoped to remind the American society that minorities had the right to testify in court and have impartial jury trials.[5] McWilliams noted that a few months earlier over 120,000 Japanese Americans were detained and interned in detention camps, and later argued that there were common links between the Japanese-American internment and the anti-Mexican response in the Sleepy Lagoon case.[6] From 1943 through 1944, the state anti-Communist Tenney Committee subpoenaed and investigated the members of the Defense Committee in an attempt to uncover Communist ties.[7]

text: Reversal[edit]

text: In October 1944, the state Court of Appeals unanimously decided the evidence was not sufficient to sustain a guilty verdict. It reversed the 12 defendants' convictions, in the case of People v Zammora 66 Cal.App.2d 166. The appeals court also criticized the trial judge for his bias and mishandling of the case.[8]

text: Cultural references[edit]

text: The 1979 play Zoot Suit and the 1981 movie Zoot Suit are loosely based on events surrounding the murder trial. In James Ellroy's novel The Big Nowhere, the Sleepy Lagoon murder plays a major role in the story.


document_title: Boom Boom (John Lee Hooker song)

question_text: who sings opening song for ncis new orleans

text: Boom Boom (John Lee Hooker song)

text: Recording and composition[edit]

text: Prior to recording for Vee-Jay Records, John Lee Hooker was primarily a solo performer or accompanied by a second guitarist, such as early collaborators Eddie Burns or Eddie Kirkland.[4] However, with Vee-Jay, he usually recorded with a small backing band, as heard on the singles "Dimples", "I Love You Honey", and "No Shoes". Detroit pianist Joe Hunter, who had previously worked with Hooker, was again enlisted for the recording session.[1] Hunter brought with him "the cream of the Motown label's session men, later known as the Funk Brothers":[4] bassist James Jamerson, drummer Benny Benjamin, plus guitarist Larry Veeder, tenor saxophonist Hank Cosby, and baritone saxophonist Andrew "Mike" Terry.[1] They have been described as "just the right band" for "Boom Boom".[1] Hooker had a unique sense of timing, which demanded "big-eared sidemen".[5] The original "Boom Boom" is an uptempo (168 beats per minute) blues song, which has been notated in time in the key of F.[6] It has been described as "about the tightest musical structure of any Hooker composition: its verses sedulously adhere to the twelve-bar format over which Hooker generally rides so roughshod".[1] The song uses "a stop-time hook that opens up for one of the genre's most memorable guitar riffs"[7] and incorporates a middle instrumental section Hooker-style boogie.[1]

text: According to Hooker, he wrote the song during an extended engagement at the Apex Bar in Detroit.

text: I would never be on time [for the gig]; I always would be late comin' in. And she [the bartender Willa] kept saying, 'Boom boom – you late again'. Every night: 'Boom, boom – you late again'. I said 'Hmm, that's a song!' ... I got it together, the lyrics, rehearsed it, and I played it at the place, and the people went wild".[8]

text: Hooker's lyrics include

text:
Boom, boom, boom, boom
I'm gonna shoot you right down
Right off your feet
Take you home with me
Put you in my house
Boom, boom, boom, boom

text: Also included are several wordless phrases, "how-how-how-how" and "hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm". "Boom Boom" became the Hooker song that is "the most memorable, the most instantly appealing, and the one which has proved the most adaptable to the needs of other performers".[1]

text: Releases and charts[edit]

text: When "Boom Boom" was released as a single in May 1962,[9] the song became a hit. It entered the Billboard R&B chart on June 16, 1962, where it spent eight weeks and reached number 16.[10] The song also entered the Billboard Hot 100, where it reached number 60, making it one of only two Hooker singles to enter the pop chart.[10] It was included on the 1962 Vee-Jay album Burnin' (SR 1043) as well as many Hooker compilations, including John Lee Hooker: The Ultimate Collection.

text: Thirty years later in the UK, after being featured in a Lee Jeans commercial in 1992, the song reached number 16 in the UK Singles Chart.[11] Hooker recorded several later versions. Following the success of the Animals' version, Hooker re-recorded the song in 1968 for Stateside Records as the B-side of "Cry Before I Go" under the longer title "Boom Boom Boom". He reworked the song as "Bang Bang Bang Bang" for his Live at Soledad Prison album, as a South Side Chicago street musician in the film The Blues Brothers (but the song itself is not included in the film soundtrack), and as the title track for his 1992 album Boom Boom with Jimmie Vaughan.[12]

text: The Animals version[edit]

text:
"Boom Boom"

Single by The Animals

from the album The Animals

B-side
"Blue Feeling"

Released
November 1964 (1964-11)

Format
7-inch 45 rpm record

Recorded
January 1964

Genre
Blues rock

Length
2:57

Label
MGM

Songwriter(s)
John Lee Hooker

Producer(s)
Mickie Most

The Animals singles chronology

"I'm Crying"
(1964)
"Boom Boom"
(1964)
"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood"
(1965)

text: English rock band the Animals recorded "Boom Boom" for their 1964 UK debut album The Animals. Their blues-rock[13] rendition generally follows John Lee Hooker's original, although they add "shake it baby" as a response to the "come on and shake" refrain in the middle section,[14]taken from Hooker's "Shake It Baby" (recorded during the 1962 American Folk Blues Festival tour in Europe, where it became a hit in 1963).[15]

text: The Animals' version was released as a single in North America in November 1964.[16] It reached number 43 on the Billboard Hot 100[17] and number 14 on the RPM Top 40&5 singles chart.[18] The song was also released in Australia and India and is included on the Animals' second American album The Animals on Tour as well as various compilation albums (sometimes with the twelve-bar guitar solo edited out).

text: Over the years, several versions of "Boom Boom" have been recorded by various Animals reunion lineups as well as by former members Eric Burdon and Alan Price. In 2012, the original 1964 version was used in the film Skyfall.

text: Recognition and legacy[edit]

text: In 1995, John Lee Hooker's "Boom Boom" was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".[19] It was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in 2009 in the "Classics of Blues Recording" category.[4] A Detroit Free Press poll in 2016 ranked the song at number 37 in "Detroit's 100 Greatest Songs".[20]

text: A variety of artists have recorded the song, including: Rufus Thomas, Mae West, Shadows of Knight, CCS, Dr. Feelgood, Tony Joe White, Disco Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes,[21] Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, Big Head Todd and the Monsters (whose version was chosen in 2014 as the theme song for NCIS: New Orleans, and is played at Carolina Panthers home games when a touchdown is scored) and the Oak Ridge Boys. "Boom Boom" was the first studio recording by Eric Clapton, who recorded it as a demo with the Yardbirds in 1963, and which was released as a single in the Netherlands and Germany in 1966. ZZ Top later used similar lines ("how-how-how-how") to those found in "Boom Boom", on "La Grange".[7]


document_title: Premier League records and statistics

question_text: oldest player to score in premier league history

text: Premier League records and statistics

text: League records[edit]

text: Titles[edit]

text:
Most titles: 13, Manchester United[1]
Most consecutive title wins: 3, Manchester United twice (1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01 and 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)[1]
Biggest title-winning margin: 18 points, 1999–2000; Manchester United (91 points) over Arsenal (73 points)[2]
Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and 8 goal difference – 2011–12; Manchester City (+64) over Manchester United (+56). Both finished on 89 points, but Manchester City won the title with a superior goal difference – the only time that goal difference has determined the Premier League.[3]

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Most wins in a season (38 games): 30, Chelsea (2016–17)[4]
Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007–08)[5]
Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record:[5]

Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)

Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record:[6]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[7]

Most away wins in a season (19 games): 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[8]
Fewest away wins in a season (19/21 games): 0, joint record:[5][9][10]

Leeds United (1992–93)
Coventry City (1999–2000)
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003–04)
Norwich City (2004–05)
Derby County (2007–08)
Hull City (2009–10)

Most consecutive wins: 14, Arsenal (between 10 February 2002 and 24 August 2002)[5][11][12]
Most consecutive wins in a season (38 games): 13, joint record:[13]

Arsenal (2001–02)
Chelsea (2016–17)

Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007–08)[5]
Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012)[14]
Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012)[15]
Most consecutive away wins: 11, Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)[16]

text: Losses[edit]

text:
Fewest losses in a season (38 games): 0, Arsenal (2003–04)[17]
Longest unbeaten run: 49 games, Arsenal (7 May 2003 – 24 October 2004)[18]
Most losses in total: 336, Everton[19]
Fewest home losses in a season (19 games): 0, joint record:

Manchester United (1995–96, 1999–2000, 2010–11)[20][21][22]
Arsenal (1998–99, 2003–04, 2007–08) [23][24][25]
Chelsea (2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15)[25][26][27][28][29]
Liverpool (2008–09)[30]
Manchester City (2011–12)[7]
Tottenham Hotspur (2016–17)

Most consecutive losses over more than one season (38 games): 20, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[31]
Fewest away losses in a season (19 games): 0, Arsenal (2001–02, 2003–04)[24][32]
Most consecutive home games undefeated: 86, Chelsea (20 March 2004 – 26 October 2008)[33]
Most consecutive away games undefeated: 27, Arsenal (5 April 2003 – 25 September 2004)[34]

text: Draws[edit]

text:
Most draws in a season (42 games): 18 – joint record:

Manchester City (1993–94)[35]
Sheffield United (1993–94)[35]
Southampton (1994–95)[35]

Most draws in a season (38 games): 17 – joint record:

Newcastle United (2003–04)[35]
Aston Villa (2006–07 & 2011–12)[35]
Sunderland (2014–15)[35]

Most home draws in a season: 10 – joint record:

Sheffield Wednesday (1996–97)[35]
Leicester City (1997–98 & 2003–04)[35]
Manchester United (2016–17)[35]

Most away draws in a season: 10, Newcastle United (2003–04)[35]
Fewest draws in a season: 3, Chelsea (1997–98 & 2016–17)[35]
Fewest home draws in a season: 0 – joint record:

Manchester City (2008–09)[35]
Manchester United (2012–13)[35]
Chelsea (2016–17)[35]

Fewest away draws in a season: 1 – joint record:

Bolton Wanderers (1995–96)[35]
Queens Park Rangers (1995–96 & 2014–15)[35]
Barnsley (1997–98)[35]
Chelsea (1997–98)[35]
Bradford City (1999–2000)[35]
Everton (2000–01)[35]
Ipswich Town (2000–01)[35]
Portsmouth (2005–06 & 2007–08)[35]
Burnley (2009–10)[35]
Liverpool (2011–12)[35]
Newcastle United (2013–14)[35]
Queens Park Rangers (2014–15)[35]

Most consecutive draws: 7 – joint record:

Norwich City (1993–94)[35]
Southampton (1994–95)[35]
Manchester City (2009–10)[35]

Most draws in total: 277, Everton[19]

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest attendance, single game: 80,827, Tottenham Hotspur v. Liverpool (at Wembley Stadium, 22 October 2017)[36]
Lowest attendance, single game: 3,039, Wimbledon v. Everton (at Selhurst Park, 26 January 1993)[37][38]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a season: 103, Chelsea (2009–10)[39]
Fewest goals scored in a season: 20, Derby County (2007–08)[40]
Most goals conceded in a season (42 games): 100, Swindon Town (1993–94)[41]
Most goals conceded in a season (38 games): 89, Derby County (2007–08)[42]
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[43]
Best goal difference in a season: 71, Chelsea (2009–10)[43]
Most goals scored in a season by a relegated team: 55, Blackpool (2010–11)[44]
Most goals scored at home in a season: 68, Chelsea (2009–10)[43]
Fewest goals scored at home in a season: 10, Manchester City (2006–07)[45]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (21 games): 45, Swindon Town (1993–94)[46]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (19 games): 43

Derby County (2007–08)[46]
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2011–12)[46]

Fewest goals conceded at home in a season (21 games or 19 games): 4, Manchester United (1994–95)[46]
Most goals scored away in a season: 48, Liverpool (2013–14)[46]
Fewest goals scored away in a season: 8

Middlesbrough (1995–96)[46]
Southampton (1998–99)[46]
Sheffield United (2006–07)[46]
Derby County (2007–08)[46]

Most goals conceded away in a season (21 games): 59, Ipswich Town (1994–95)[46]
Most goals conceded away in a season (19 games): 55, Wigan Athletic (2009–10)[46]
Fewest goals conceded away in a season: 9, Chelsea (2004–05)[46]
Fewest failures to score in a match in a season: 0 (scored in every game), Arsenal (2001–02)[47]
Most goals scored in total: 1,856, Manchester United[19]
Most goals conceded in total: 1,231, Tottenham Hotspur[19]
Largest goal deficit overcome to win: 3

Leeds United 4–3 Derby County (8 November 1997)[48]
West Ham United 3–4 Wimbledon (9 September 1998)[49]
Tottenham Hotspur 3–5 Manchester United (29 September 2001)[50]
Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–3 Leicester City (25 October 2003)[51]

Largest goal deficit overcome to draw: 4, Newcastle United 4–4 Arsenal (5 February 2011)[52]

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points in a season: 95, Chelsea (2004–05)[53]
Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007–08)[54]
Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011–12)[55]
Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996–97)[56]
Most points in a season while being relegated:

42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992–93)[57]
38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002–03)[57]

Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004–05)[58]

text: Player records[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most Premier League appearances: 633, Gareth Barry (2 May 1998 to 25 September 2017)[59]
Oldest player: John Burridge, 43 years and 162 days (for Manchester City v. Queens Park Rangers, 14 May 1995)[60]
Youngest player: Matthew Briggs, 16 years and 65 days (for Fulham v. Middlesbrough, 13 May 2007)[61]
Most consecutive Premier League appearances: 310, Brad Friedel (14 August 2004 until 7 October 2012)[62]
Most seasons appeared in: 22, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2013–14)[63]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
First Premier League goal: Brian Deane (for Sheffield United v. Manchester United, 15 August 1992)[64]
Most Premier League goals: Alan Shearer (260)[65]

text:
Most goals scored away from home: Wayne Rooney (91)[citation needed]
Most Premier League goals at one club: Wayne Rooney (183, for Manchester United)[66]
Oldest goalscorer: Teddy Sheringham, 40 years and 268 days (for West Ham United v. Portsmouth, 26 December 2006)[67]
Youngest goalscorer: James Vaughan, 16 years and 271 days (for Everton v. Crystal Palace, 10 April 2005)[68]

text:
Most consecutive Premier League matches scored in: 11, Jamie Vardy (for Leicester City, 29 August to 28 November 2015)[69]
Most seasons scored in: 21, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2012–13)[70]

text:
Rank
Name
Goals
Games
Goals per game
Playing position
First goal
Last goal

1
 Alan Shearer
260
441
0.59
Forward
1992–93
2005–06

2
 Wayne Rooney
202
469
0.43
Forward
2002–03
2017–18

3
 Andy Cole
187
414
0.45
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

4
 Frank Lampard
177
609
0.29
Midfield
1997–98
2014–15

5
 Thierry Henry
175
258
0.68
Forward
1999–2000
2011–12

6
 Robbie Fowler
163
379
0.43
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

7
 Jermain Defoe
159
474
0.33
Forward
2001–02
2017–18

8
 Michael Owen
150
326
0.46
Forward
1996–97
2012–13

9
 Les Ferdinand
149
351
0.42
Forward
1992–93
2004–05

10
 Teddy Sheringham
146
418
0.35
Forward
1992–93
2006–07

text:
Most goals in a season (42 games): 34, joint record:[72]

Andrew Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

text:
Most goals in a season (38 games): 31, joint record:[73]

Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)
Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United, 2007–08)
Luis Suárez (Liverpool, 2013–14)

Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 36, Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1995)[74]
Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record:

20-team league: [75]

Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996–97)
Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011–12)

22-team league:

Andrew Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999–2000)[76]
Most Premier League hat-tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)[77]
Most Premier League hat-tricks: 11, Alan Shearer[78]
Most goals in a game: 5, joint record:[79]

Andrew Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9–0
Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8–0
Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1
Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7–1
Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6–1

text:
Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1[80]
Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000)[81]
Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999)[82]
Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011)[83]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 Goals: 3 (1993–1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers) [84]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 Goals: 4 (1993–1997), Alan Shearer (1993–1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996–1997 for Newcastle United)[85]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 Goals: 5 (2001–2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal)[85]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 Goals: 11 (2004–2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United)[86]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 Goal: 21 (1992–2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United)[70]
Fastest Premier League hat-trick: Sadio Mané, 2 minutes 56 seconds (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015)[87]
Highest number of different clubs to score for: 7:

Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City)[88]

Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne[89]
Most own goals in a season: 4, Martin Škrtel (2013–14)[90]
Most Hat-tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City)[91]
Most Goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (for Liverpool)[92]

text: Assists[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Assists

Most assists (career)

1
 Ryan Giggs
162

2
 Cesc Fàbregas
107

3
 Frank Lampard
102

4
 Wayne Rooney
101

5
 Dennis Bergkamp
94

6
 Steven Gerrard
92

7
 David Beckham
80

8
 Teddy Sheringham
76

9
 James Milner
75

10
 Thierry Henry
74

text:
Most Premier League assists in a season: 20, Thierry Henry (Arsenal, 2002–03)[94]
Most consecutive Premier League matches assisted in: 7, Mesut Özil (for Arsenal, 26 September to 21 November 2015)[95]
Most assists in a single Premier League match: 4, joint record:[96]

Dennis Bergkamp (for Arsenal v. Leicester City, 20 February 1999)
José Antonio Reyes (for Arsenal v. Middlesbrough, 14 January 2006)
Cesc Fàbregas (for Arsenal v. Blackburn Rovers, 4 October 2009)
Emmanuel Adebayor (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Newcastle United, 11 February 2012)
Santi Cazorla (for Arsenal v. Wigan Athletic, 14 May 2013)
Dušan Tadić (for Southampton v. Sunderland, 18 October 2014)[97]

text: Goalkeepers[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Clean
sheets

Most clean sheets (career)

1
 Petr Čech
194

2
 David James
169

3
 Mark Schwarzer
152

4
 David Seaman
142

5
 Nigel Martyn
138

6
 Pepe Reina
134

 Edwin van der Sar

8
 Tim Howard
132

 Brad Friedel

10
 Peter Schmeichel
129

text:
Most clean sheets in one season: 21, joint record:

Petr Čech (for Chelsea, 2004–05)[98]
Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[99]

Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 14 games (1,311 minutes), Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[100]
Goalscoring goalkeepers (excluding own goals):

Peter Schmeichel (Everton 3–2 Aston Villa, 20 October 2001)[101]
Brad Friedel (Charlton Athletic 3–2 Blackburn Rovers, 21 February 2004)[102]
Paul Robinson (Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Watford, 17 March 2007)[103]
Tim Howard (Everton 1–2 Bolton Wanderers, 4 January 2012)[104]
Asmir Begović (Stoke City 1–1 Southampton, 2 November 2013)[105]

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text:
Most red cards: 8, joint record:[59]

Duncan Ferguson
Patrick Vieira
Richard Dunne

Most yellow cards for a player: 103, Gareth Barry[71]
Most yellow cards for a single team in one game: 9 (Tottenham Hotspur v. Chelsea, 2 May 2016)[106]
Fouling record: 782, Kevin Davies (since 2000–01, the first season for which reliable records are available)[107]
Longest ban: 12 matches, Joey Barton. After being dismissed for violent conduct, Barton was found guilty of two further separate counts of violent conduct after his dismissal vs Manchester City, 23 May 2012[108]

text: Youngest players to score[edit]

text: This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League.[109]

text:
Player
Date
Team
Age
Opposition

1
James Vaughan
10-Apr-2005
Everton
16 years 270 days
Crystal Palace

2
James Milner
26-Dec-2002
Leeds United
16 years 356 days
Sunderland

Wayne Rooney
19-Oct-2002
Everton
Arsenal

4
Cesc Fabregas
25-Aug-2004
Arsenal
17 years 114 days
Blackburn Rovers

5
Michael Owen
06-May-1997
Liverpool
17 years 144 days
Wimbledon

6
Andy Turner
05-Sep-1992
Tottenham
17 years 166 days
Everton

7
Federico Macheda
05-Apr-2009
Manchester United
17 years 226 days
Aston Villa

8
Raheem Sterling
20-Oct-2012
Liverpool
17 years 317 days
Reading

9
Mikael Forssell
20-Feb-1999
Chelsea
17 years 342 days
Nottingham Forest

10
Danny Cadamarteri
20-Sep-1997
Everton
17 years 344 days
Barnsley

text: Match records[edit]

text: Scorelines[edit]

text:
Biggest home win: 9–0, Manchester United v. Ipswich Town (4 March 1995)[110]
Biggest away win: 1–8, Nottingham Forest v. Manchester United (6 February 1999)[110]
Biggest aggregate win: 12–1, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 7–0 Nottingham Forest (18 November 1995) & Nottingham Forest 1–5 Blackburn Rovers (13 April 1996)
Tottenham Hotspur 9–1 Wigan Athletic (22 November 2009) & Wigan Athletic 0–3 Tottenham Hotspur (21 February 2010)

Biggest loss by reigning champions: 1–6, joint record:[111]

Manchester United 1–6 Manchester City (23 October 2011), after Manchester United had won the 2010–11 competition
Leicester City 1–6 Tottenham Hotspur (18 May 2017), after Leicester City had won the 2015–16 competition

Highest scoring: 7–4, Portsmouth v. Reading (29 September 2007)[112]
Highest scoring draw: 5–5, West Bromwich Albion v. Manchester United (19 May 2013)[113]
Highest scoring in the first half: 7 goals, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 3–4 Leeds United (14 September 1997 — final score; 3–4)[114]
Bradford City 4–3 Derby County (21 April 2000 — final score; 4–4)[115]
Reading 3–4 Manchester United (1 December 2012 — final score; 3–4)[116]

Most individual goal scorers in one game: 9, joint record:

Tottenham Hotspur 4–5 Arsenal (13 November 2004)[117]
Portsmouth 7–4 Reading (29 September 2007)[118]

Most individual goal scorers in one game for the same team: 7, joint record:

Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa (23 December 2012)[119]
Manchester City 7–0 Norwich City (2 November 2013)[120]
Southampton 8–0 Sunderland (18 October 2014)[121]

text: All-time Premier League table[edit]

text: The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the start of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2017–18 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column.[122]

text:
Pos.
Club
Seasons
Pld
Win
Draw
Loss
GF
GA
GD
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Relegated
Avg
Pts
Best
Pos.

1
Manchester United
25
962
604
209
149
1856
847
1009
2021
13
5
3
1

80.84
1

2
Arsenal
25
962
525
247
190
1698
911
787
1822
3
6
5
7

72.88
1

3
Chelsea
25
962
516
241
205
1645
925
720
1789
5
4
4
2

71.56
1

4
Liverpool
25
962
478
243
241
1601
986
615
1677

3
5
6

67.08
2

5
Tottenham Hotspur
25
962
400
247
315
1406
1231
175
1447

1
1
2

57.88
2

6
Everton
25
962
349
277
336
1259
1207
52
1324

1

52.96
4

7
Aston Villa
24
924
316
275
333
1117
1186
−69
1223

1

1
1
50.96
2

8
Newcastle United
22
844
322
217
305
1168
1140
28
1183

2
2
1
2
53.77
2

9
Manchester City
20
772
327
190
255
1173
925
248
1171
2
2
2
1
2
58.55
1

10
West Ham United
21
806
265
209
332
964
1146
−182
1004

2
47.81
5

11
Blackburn Rovers
18
696
262
184
250
927
907
20
970
1
1

1
2
53.89
1

12
Southampton
18
696
222
187
287
855
966
−111
853

1
47.39
6

13
Leeds United
12
468
189
125
154
641
573
68
692

1
2
1
57.67
3

14
Middlesbrough
15
574
165
169
240
648
794
−146
661[123]

4
44.01
7

15
Sunderland
16
608
153
159
296
612
904
−292
618

4
38.63
7

16
Fulham
13
494
150
136
208
570
697
−127
586

1
45.08
7

17
Bolton Wanderers
13
494
149
128
217
575
745
−170
575

3
44.23
6

18
Leicester City
11
422
130
118
174
516
610
−94
508
1

3
46.18
1

19
West Bromwich Albion
11
418
106
115
197
444
640
−196
433

3
39.36
8

20
Stoke City
9
342
109
97
136
363
457
−94
424

47.11
9

21
Coventry City
9
354
99
112
143
387
490
−103
409

1
45.40
11

22
Sheffield Wednesday
8
316
101
89
126
409
453
−44
392

1
49.00
7

23
Wimbledon
8
316
99
94
123
384
472
−88
391

1
48.88
6

24
Charlton Athletic
8
304
93
82
129
342
442
−100
361

2
45.13
7

25
Norwich City
8
316
89
92
135
365
510
−145
359

1

4
44.88
3

26
Crystal Palace
8
312
86
78
148
329
456
−127
336

4
42.00
10

27
Wigan Athletic
8
304
85
76
143
316
482
−166
331

1
41.38
10

28
Queens Park Rangers
7
278
81
65
132
339
431
−92
308

3
44.00
5

29
Birmingham City
7
266
73
82
111
273
360
−87
301

3
43.00
9

30
Portsmouth
7
266
79
65
122
292
380
−88
293[124]

1
41.90
8

31
Swansea City
6
228
74
57
97
278
327
−49
279

46.50
8

32
Derby County
7
266
68
70
128
271
420
−149
274

2
39.10
8

33
Nottingham Forest
5
198
60
59
79
229
287
−58
239

1

3
47.80
3

34
Ipswich Town
5
202
57
53
92
219
312
−93
224

2
44.80
5

35
Hull City
5
190
41
48
101
181
323
−142
171

3
34.20
16

36
Watford
4
152
34
35
83
144
254
−110
137

2
34.25
13

37
Wolverhampton Wanderers
4
152
32
40
80
156
281
−125
136

2
34.00
15

38
Sheffield United
3
122
32
36
54
128
168
−40
132

2
44.00
14

39
Reading
3
114
32
23
59
136
186
−50
119

2
39.67
8

40
Burnley
3
114
26
25
63
109
190
−81
103

2
34.33
16

41
Oldham Athletic
2
84
22
23
39
105
142
−37
89

1
44.50
19

42
Bournemouth
2
76
23
19
34
100
134
−34
88

44.00
9

43
Bradford City
2
76
14
20
42
68
138
−70
62

1
31.00
17

44
Blackpool
1
38
10
9
19
55
78
−23
39

1
39.00
19

45
Barnsley
1
38
10
5
23
37
82
−45
35

1
35.00
19

46
Cardiff City
1
38
7
9
22
32
74
−42
30

1
30.00
20

47
Swindon Town
1
42
5
15
22
47
100
−53
30

1
30.00
22

48
Brighton & Hove Albion
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

00.00

49
Huddersfield Town
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

00.00

text: League or status at 2017–18:

text:
2017–18 Premier League

2017–18 EFL Championship

2017–18 Football League One

2017–18 Football League Two

Defunct: by a 2007 agreement, neither Milton Keynes Dons nor AFC Wimbledon regards itself as custodian of Wimbledon F.C.'s statistics.[125][126]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Most Premier League winner's medals: 13, Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United) – 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013
Winner of Premier League Manager of the Month Award: 27, Sir Alex Ferguson
Most consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month Awards: 3, Antonio Conte[127]
Most promotions to the Premier League: 4, Steve Bruce (Birmingham City in 2001–02 and 2006–07 and Hull City in 2012–13 and 2015–16)
Most relegations from the Premier League: 3, Dave Bassett (Sheffield United in 1993–94, Nottingham Forest in 1996–97, and Leicester City in 2001–02)[128]
Longest-serving manager: Arsène Wenger (Arsenal), 1 October 1996 to present[129]
Shortest-serving manager (excluding caretakers): Les Reed, 41 days (Charlton Athletic, 14 November 2006 to 24 December 2006)[130]