document_title: Form I-9

question_text: what are two forms of identification for employment

text: Form I-9

text: Requirements[edit]

text: The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) required employers to verify that all newly hired employees presented "facially valid" documentation verifying the employee's identity and legal authorization to accept employment in the United States.[3] The I-9 form, or more properly the Employment Eligibility Verification Form, is provided by the federal government for that purpose.[4]

text: Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I-9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work.[3] The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.

text: The I-9 is not required for unpaid volunteers or for contractors.[3] However, a company could still find itself liable if it contracts work to a contractor it knows either is or employs unauthorized workers.[3]

text: On November 14, 2016, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) published a new I-9 Form. Use of the previous 2013 version of the I-9 form was only acceptable until January 22, 2017. Since January 22, 2017, all employers must use the revised I-9 Form.

text: If an employee cannot read or cannot write English, a translator or preparer may complete the form and sign it on their behalf. The form also requires the employee's own signature.

text: In October 2004, new legislation made it possible to complete the I-9 electronically.[3]

text: Prerequisites for employees[edit]

text: In completing form I-9, a prospective employee attests, under penalty of perjury, that she/he is in one of the following categories:

text:
A U.S. citizen
A non-U.S. citizen national
A lawful permanent resident
An alien authorized to work

text: Documentation for proof of identity and/or employment authorization[edit]

text: With the form, a prospective employee must provide documents that prove his/her eligibility to work. A variety of documents is acceptable, some in a specified combination with another, as described below.

text: The prospective employee must provide

text:
One document that establishes both identity and employment eligibility (on List A on the I-9) OR
One document that establishes identity (on List B), together with another document that establishes employment eligibility (on List C)

text: All documentation must be unexpired as of April 3, 2009[5]

text: List A[edit]

text: Documents that may be used under "List A" of the I-9 form to establish both identity and employment eligibility include:

text:
An unexpired U.S. Passport
A U.S. Passport Card
A Permanent Resident Card (often called a "green card") or Alien Registration Receipt Card with photograph
An unexpired Temporary Resident Card
An unexpired foreign passport with an I-551 stamp, or with Form I-94 (For the certain alien who is authorized to work with restrictions. The person should also attach the document(s) which indicate(s) an unexpired employment authorization)
An unexpired Employment Authorization Document issued by the United States Department of Homeland Security that includes a photograph (Form I-766)
An unexpired Employment Authorization Card

text: List B[edit]

text: Documents that may be used under "List B" of the I-9 to establish identity include:

text:
Driver's license or I.D. card issued by a U.S. state or outlying possession of the U.S., provided it contains a photograph or identifying information such as name, date of birth, gender, height, eye color and address.
Federal or state I.D. card provided it contains a photograph or identifying information such as name, date of birth, gender, height, eye color and address.
School I.D. with photograph
U.S. Armed Services identification card or draft record
Voter Registration Card
U.S. Coast Guard Merchant Mariner Card
Native American tribal document
Driver's license issued by a Canadian government authority
Trusted traveler documentation (Global Entry, NEXUS, SENTRI) [6]

text: For individuals under the age of 18 only, the following documents may be used to establish identity:

text:
School record or report card
Clinic, doctor or hospital record
Day-care or nursery school record

text: Employees who supply an item from List B (to establish identity) must also supply an item from List C (to establish employment eligibility).

text: List C[edit]

text: Documents that may be used under "List C" of the I-9 to establish employment eligibility include:

text:
A U.S. Social Security card issued by the Social Security Administration unless it indicates one of the following:

NOT VALID FOR EMPLOYMENT (generally issued to non-immigrant aliens unauthorized to work)
VALID FOR WORK ONLY WITH INS AUTHORIZATION
VALID FOR WORK ONLY WITH DHS AUTHORIZATION

A birth certificate issued by the U.S. State Department (Form FS-545 or Form DS-1350)
Original or certified copy of a birth certificate from the U.S. or an outlying possession of the U.S., bearing an official seal
A Certificate of U.S. Citizenship (Form N-560 or N-561)[7]
A Certificate of Naturalization (Form N-550 or N-570)[7]
Native American tribal document
U.S. Citizen I.D. Card (Form I-197)
An I.D. Card for the use of a Resident Citizen in the United States (Form I-179)
An unexpired employment authorization card issued by the Dept. of Homeland Security (other than those included on List A)
Consular Report of Birth Abroad (Form FS-240)

text: U.S. citizens who have lost their social security card can apply for a duplicate at the Social Security Administration.

text: Employees who supply an item from List C (to establish employment eligibility) must also supply an item from List B (to establish identity).

text: Reverification[edit]

text: Employers must update or reverify certain ID documents at or prior to their expiration date. This does not apply to already presented and accepted non-expired US Passports or Permanent Resident Cards when they reach their expiration date, nor to any List B documents, e.g. state driver's licenses and state ID's. The USCIS website, in the Employer section, Employer Bulletins, lists the limited requirements and allowed instances for reverification.

text: For U.S. citizens, I-9's are valid continuously unless a break of more than a year of employment occurs. International employees on F-1 (student), H-1B (specialty occupation), or J-1 (exchange visitor) visas must have their I-9 reverified each time their visa has expired with a new work authorization permit (renewed visa with work authorization, EAD, Permanent Residence Card, etc.).

text: Retention[edit]

text: Employers must retain a Form I-9 for all current employees. Employers must also retain a Form I-9 for three years after the date of hire, or one year after the date employment ends, whichever is later. Employers must show their employees' I-9 form any time the immigration or labor authority requests it.[citation needed]

text: Anti-discrimination provisions[edit]

text: The Immigration Reform and Control Act which introduced the requirement leading to the promulgation of the I-9 form, also included anti-discrimination provisions.[3] Under the Act, most US citizens, permanent residents, temporary residents or asylee/refugee who are legally allowed to work in the US cannot be discriminated against on the basis of national origin or citizenship status.[3] This provision applies to employers of three or more workers and covers both hiring and termination decisions.[3] In addition, an employer must accept any valid document or combination of documents specified in the I-9 form, as long as the documents appear genuine.[3]

text: For example, an employer could not refuse to hire a candidate because his I-9 revealed that he was a non-citizen (such as a permanent resident or a refugee) rather than a U.S. citizen. For this reason some immigration lawyers advise companies to avoid requiring an I-9 until a candidate is hired rather than risk a lawsuit.[3] As another example, a company could not insist that an employee provide a passport rather than, say, a driver's license and social security card. Another anti-discrimination provision requires that employers must enforce I-9 compliance in a uniform manner.[3] For example, an employer must not require some employees to complete an I-9 before being hired, but allow others to complete the form after starting employment.[3]

text: Employers must not assume that the employee is unauthorized to work just because the individual either could not bring the proof of employment authorization or has brought the unaccepted document(s) until the start date of the employment. Instead, employers should encourage that employee to bring the acceptable document(s) which is/are under the List A, B, and/or C. Employers may terminate the employment only if the employee cannot attest the person's work authorization by bringing the proof after the start date.

text: The Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices ("OSC") is a section within the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division that enforces the anti-discrimination provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act ("INA"). The OSC can help workers by calling employers and explaining proper verification practices and, when necessary, by providing victims of discrimination with charge forms. Upon receipt of a charge of discrimination, OSC investigations typically take no longer than 7 months. Victims may obtain various types of relief, including job relief and back pay.

text: OSC also has an extensive outreach program. It provides staff to speak at outreach events throughout the country, and has free informational brochures, posters and tapes for distribution.

text: Types of discrimination[edit]

text: The OSC investigates the following types of discriminatory conduct under the anti-discrimination provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. § 1324b:

text:
Citizenship or immigration status discrimination with respect to hiring, firing, and recruitment or referral for a fee by employers with four or more employees. Employers may not treat individuals differently because they are, or are not, U.S. citizens or work authorized individuals. U.S. citizens, recent permanent residents, temporary residents, asylees and refugees are protected from citizenship status discrimination. Exceptions: permanent residents who do not apply for naturalization within six months of eligibility are not protected from citizenship status discrimination. Citizenship status discrimination which is otherwise required to comply with law, regulation, executive order, or government contract is permissible by law.

National origin discrimination with respect to hiring, firing, and recruitment or referral for a fee, by employers with more than three and fewer than 15 employees. Employers may not treat individuals differently because of their place of birth, country of origin, ancestry, native language, accent, or because they are perceived as looking or sounding "foreign". All U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents, and work authorized individuals are protected from national origin discrimination. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has jurisdiction over employers with 15 or more employees.

Unfair documentary practices related to verifying the employment eligibility of employees. Employers may not request more or different documents than are required to verify employment eligibility, reject reasonably genuine-looking documents, or specify certain documents over others with the purpose or intent of discriminating on the basis of citizenship status or national origin. U.S. citizens and all work authorized individuals are protected from document abuse.

Retaliation. Individuals who file charges with OSC, who cooperate with an OSC investigation, who contest action that may constitute unfair documentary practices or discrimination based upon citizenship or immigration status, or national origin, or who assert their rights under the INA's anti-discrimination provision are protected from retaliation.

text: Penalties[edit]

text: The IRCA includes penalties for I-9 noncompliance. According to the I-9 form, "federal law provides for imprisonment and/or fines for false statements or use of false documents in connection with the completion of this form." An employer who hires an unauthorized worker can be fined between $250 and $5,500 per worker.[3] In addition, such an employer can be barred from federal government contracts for a year.[3] An employee who knowingly accepts fraudulent documentation can also be criminally prosecuted under other immigration laws.[3]

text: An employer who fails to keep proper records that I-9s are properly filed can be fined $110 per missing item for each form, up to $1100 per form, even if the employee is legally authorized to work in the US.[3] Since 2009, Immigration & Customs Enforcement (ICE) has conducted over 7,500 audits and imposed over $80 million in fines. In 2011 alone, ICE conducted 2,740 audits and assessed over $7 million in fines. [8]

text: An individual who knowingly commits or participates in document fraud may be fined between $375 and $3,200 per document for the first offense, and between $3,200 and $6,500 per document for subsequent offenses.[9]


document_title: Charlie Puth

question_text: when does charlie puth's album come out

question_tokens: when does charlie puth 's album come out

root

text: Charlie Puth

text: Early life[edit]

text: Charles Otto Puth Jr. was born December 2, 1991, in Rumson, New Jersey,[3] to Debra, a music teacher[4][5] who also wrote commercials for HBO,[6] and Charles Puth, a builder and real estate agent.[4] His father is Catholic[7] and his mother is Jewish.[8] He has two younger siblings, twins Stephen and Mikaela.[4]

tag: p

text: As a two-year-old, Puth's right eyebrow was permanently scarred in a nearly fatal dog-bite incident.[9]

text: Puth has perfect pitch, a rare auditory phenomenon that enables him to identify or recreate music, without a reference tone.[4][5][6][10] His mother introduced him to classical music and began teaching him the piano at age 4.[11] He started studying jazz at age 10[11] and participated in a summer youth jazz ensemble at Count Basie Theatre's Cool School[5] in Red Bank, New Jersey at 12.[12] He was hired by The Count Basie Theatre to play in a Charlie Brown production.[5] In grade six, he went door to door selling a Christmas album called Have a Merry Charlie Christmas that he had recorded and produced, making $600 in sales.[11][13]

text: He attended the Holy Cross School, Rumson, and Forrestdale Middle School,[10] before graduating from the Rumson-Fair Haven Regional High School in 2010.[14] During his seventh grade to senior years, he attended Manhattan School of Music Pre-College[15] as a jazz piano major and a classical studies minor.[10][16] Puth graduated in 2013 from the Berklee College of Music, where he majored in music production and engineering.[17]

text: Career[edit]

text: 2009–2014: Career beginnings[edit]

text: In September 2009, he started his own YouTube channel, entitled Charlies Vlogs, posting comedy videos and acoustic covers.[18] In 2010, Puth released the music video of his first song, "These Are My Sexy Shades".[19] On December 2010, he released his debut extended play, The Otto Tunes, an independent release.[20] In 2011, he won an online video competition sponsored by Perez Hilton, Can You Sing?, with a version of Adele's "Someone like You" which he performed with Emily Luther.[15] In the same year Ellen DeGeneres announced that she had signed Puth and Luther to her label, eleveneleven, after seeing their performance of Adele's "Someone like You".[21] Puth had performed the song on the show.[22] In December 2012 he released a promotional single, "Break Again", with additional vocals by Emily Luther.[23] The music video was released days later.[24] On January 25, 2012, Puth and Luther performed the song and Lady Antebellum's "Need You Now" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.[25] Puth also performed at an event supporting DKMS Delete Blood Cancer, the world's largest bone marrow donor center, in October 2012.[26] Puth left eleveneleven in late 2012.

text: On October 23, 2013, he released his second independent extended play, Ego, to streaming online.[27][28] Puth was credited with the production and writing of songs and jingles for fellow YouTube personalities. He wrote the theme song for Shane Dawson's Shane and Friends podcast and skits, the intro jingle for the videos of the Vlogger family the SHAYTARDS, the original theme song for Charles Trippy's vlog Internet Killed Television, and a song for the tour and movie of YouTube group Our 2nd Life, as well as several singles for Our 2nd Life member Ricky Dillon. In 2014 he released the promotional single "L.U.V."[29] The music video was directed by Andrew Vallentine[30] In the same year, he co-wrote the song "Celebrate" on Pitbull's eighth studio album Globalization.[31]

text: 2015–2016: See You Again and Nine Track Mind[edit]

text: In early 2015, Puth signed with Atlantic and his previous records were removed from iTunes.[32] In February 2015, Puth released his debut single "Marvin Gaye", which features guest vocals from Meghan Trainor.[33] The single has been certified 2× Platinum in Australia, topped the charts in New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, and peaked at number 21 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[34][35] Puth wrote, co-produced, and was featured on a song with Wiz Khalifa, "See You Again", a tribute to the late Paul Walker, included in the Furious 7 soundtrack. While Khalifa wrote the rap lyrics, the rest of the song has been credited to Puth. The song peaked at number one on the Hot 100 chart for 12 non-consecutive weeks.[36][37] "See You Again" was nominated for three Grammy Awards: Song of the Year, Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Best Song Written for Visual Media. It was also shortlisted for the Song of the Year for the BBC Music Awards and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.[38] He produced the song "Slow Motion" for Trey Songz and has arranged sessions with Jason Derulo and Lil Wayne.[39]

text: Puth starred as Meghan Trainor's love interest in the music video of "Dear Future Husband," released in March 2015. In the video, she meets Puth on an online dating service and he comes to Trainor's home with a carryout pizza, which succeeds in impressing her.[40] On May 1, 2015, Puth released a five-song extended play, Some Type of Love.[41] In June 2015, he released the promotional single "Nothing but Trouble" with Lil Wayne, from the soundtrack to the documentary 808: The Movie.[42] During 2015, Puth worked on several albums of other artists. He co-wrote and produced the "Broke" and "Pull Up" for Jason Derulo's album Everything Is 4,[43] co-wrote "Bombastic" with Bonnie McKee from the album with the same title,[44] and produced "Working Class Heroes (Work)" on CeeLo Green's album Heart Blanche.[45]

text: Pre-orders for Puth's debut studio album Nine Track Mind began on August 20, 2015, along with the second single "One Call Away". The song peaked at number 12 in the United States, 26 in the United Kingdom and 4 in Australia.[46] As of February 2016, the song has sold 513,700 copies domestically.[47] Puth released a remix for the song, entitled "One Call Away (Coast to Coast Mix)", featuring American rappers Tyga and Ty Dolla Sign, country recording artist Brett Eldredge and Mexican singer Sofia Reyes.[48]

text: His debut album, Nine Track Mind, was released on January 29, 2016.[49] The album debuted at number three in the United Kingdom.[50] The album itself peaked at number 6 on the Billboard 200, receiving a score of 37 out of 100 on Metacritic, becoming the 15th worst reviewed album on the site.[51] Puth embarked his debut live concert, Nine Track Mind Tour, in March 2016.[52]

text: In 2016, Puth was the first musician to sign a deal with Deutsch Music.[53]

text: 2017–present: Voicenotes[edit]

text: On April 21, 2017, Puth released the lead single, "Attention", from his upcoming second album, Voicenotes, which is set to be released in May 2018.[54] The singer has stated the album departs lyrically from his debut by avoiding the direction of "love ballads".[55] The second single off of Voicenotes, "How Long", was released on October 5, 2017.[56]

text: On January 4, 2018, Puth released the first promotional single "If You Leave Me Now" featuring Boyz II Men.[57] Puth also stated in a tweet that he would be pushing the release date to May 11, 2018, from its original release date of January 19, 2018.[58] Puth is set to embark on the Voicenotes Tour in 2018, with Hailee Steinfeld as a special guest.[59]

text: On March 15, 2018, "Done for Me" was released as the third single off of the upcoming album, Voicenotes. The song featured singer Kehlani. On March 25, 2018, Puth released the fourth single "Change" featuring James Taylor.[60]

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Nine Track Mind (2016)
Voicenotes (2018)

tag: ul

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes

2016
Undateable
Himself
Episode: "A New Year's Resolution Walks Into a Bar"

2016
The Voice
Advisor / Mentor assistant
Season 11

2017
Life in Pieces
Himself
Episode: "Facebook Fish Planner Backstage"

2017
Drop the Mic
Himself
alongside Backstreet Boys

tag: table

text:
Web

Year
Title
Role
Ref.

2009–2013
Charlies Vlogs
Himself
[61][62]

2011
Can You Sing?
Contestant
[63]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Ceremony
Award
Nominated work
Result
Ref.

2015
Teen Choice Awards
Choice Music: R&B/Hip-Hop Song
"See You Again"
Won
[64]

Choice Music: TV or Movie Song

Choice Music: Collaboration
Nominated

MTV Europe Awards
Best Song
[65]

Best Collaboration

American Music Awards
Song of the Year
[66]

Collaboration of the Year

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Song – Feature Film
Won
[67]

2016
Critics' Choice Movie Awards
Best Song
[68]

Golden Globe Award
Best Original Song
Nominated
[69]

Grammy Awards
Song of the Year
[70]

Best Pop Duo/Group Performance

Best Song Written for Visual Media

Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards
Best Collaboration
Won

Radio Disney Music Awards
Breakout Artist of the Year
Himself
Nominated

Best Crush Song
"One Call Away"

iHeartRadio Music Awards
Best Collaboration
"See You Again"
Nominated

Best Lyrics

Best Song from a Movie

Billboard Music Awards
Top New Artist
Himself
Nominated
[71]

Top Hot 100 Song
"See You Again"
Won

Top Radio Song
Nominated

Top Streaming Song (Video)
Nominated

Top Rap Song
Won

Top Selling Song
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Music: Male Artist
Himself
Nominated
[72]

Choice Music: Breakout Artist

Choice Music Single: Male
"One Call Away"

Choice Music: Break-Up Song
"We Don't Talk Anymore"

MTV Europe Music Awards
Best Push Act
Himself
Nominated

Telehit Awards
Male Soloist of the Year
Himself
Nominated

Gaon Chart Awards
International Rising Star of the Year
Charlie Puth
Won

2017
MTV Video Music Awards
Best Collaboration
"We Don't Talk Anymore" (with Selena Gomez)
Nominated

BreakTudo Awards 2017
Best Artist Male International [73] [74]
Attention
Nominated

Telehit Awards
Male Soloist of the Year
Himself
Nominated

text: Concert tours[edit]

text: Headlining

text:
Nine Track Mind Tour (2016)[75][76]
Don't Talk Tour (2016)[77][78][79]
Voicenotes Tour (2018)[80]

text: Co-headlining

text:
Jingle Ball Tour 2015 (with various artists) (2015)
Jingle Ball Tour 2016 (with various artists) (2016)
Summertime Ball Tour 2017 (with various artists) (2017)
Jingle Ball Tour 2017 (with various artists) (2017)

text: Supporting

text: Illuminate World Tour (Shawn Mendes) (2017)


document_title: Alcohol laws of Indiana

question_text: what time do they start selling beer in indiana

text: Alcohol laws of Indiana

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2017)

text: Indiana was one of nearly a dozen U.S. states to ban all Sunday alcohol sales outside of bars and restaurants. Effective March 4, 2018, stores may sell alcohol from Noon to 8 pm on Sundays.

text: Effective July 4, 2010, beer sold in microbreweries may be sold on Sundays pursuant to Senate Bill 75. The sales must take place where the brewing is done. However, off-site sales may take place in trade shows and similar back door events.[1] The sales limit is two cases per person, or 576 ounces.

text: In Indiana, alcohol may be sold only to those 21 years of age or older during the hours 7 a.m. to 3 a.m.

text: Establishments that sell beverages by the "drink" must have food service for 25 persons at a minimum (hot soups, hot sandwiches, coffee, milk, and soft drinks) available at all times. It is unlawful for establishments to provide discounts on alcohol to certain customers or at certain times of day (e.g., during "happy hour") that are not available to everyone.[2]

text: Sale or serving of alcoholic beverages from 3 a.m. Christmas Day until 7 a.m. December 26 was banned until HB 1542 was passed in 2015.[3]

text: Indiana is not an alcoholic beverage control state.

text: Public intoxication is a class B misdemeanor in Indiana.

text: On Wednesday, Feb. 28, 2018 Gov. Eric Holcomb signs Senate Bill 1, which allows Sunday carryout sales between noon and 8 p.m. by grocers, convenience stores and liquor stores starting on March 4th 2018.


document_title: Casper the Friendly Ghost

question_text: who was the voice of casper the friendly ghost

text: Casper the Friendly Ghost

text: History[edit]

text: Creation and success at Paramount[edit]

text: Casper was created in the late 1930s by Seymour Reit and Joe Oriolo, the former devising the idea for the character and the latter providing illustrations.[4] Intended initially as the basis for a 1939 children's storybook, there was at first little interest in their idea. When Reit was away on military service during the Second World War before the book was released, Oriolo sold the rights to the book to Paramount Pictures' Famous Studios animation division.

text: The Friendly Ghost, the first Noveltoon to feature Casper, was released by Paramount in 1945 with a few differences from the book. In the cartoon adaptation, Casper is a cute ghost-child with a New York accent, who inhabits a haunted house along with a community of adult ghosts who delight in scaring the living. Casper, however, is a noncomformist among ghosts: he would prefer to make friends with people. He packs up his belongings and goes out into the world, hoping to find friends. However, the animals that he meets (a rooster, a mole, a cat, a mouse named Herman, and a group of hens) take one horrified look at him and run off in the other direction. Distraught, Casper unsuccessfully attempts to commit suicide (apparently forgetting that he is already dead) by lying down on a railway track before an oncoming train, before he meets two children named Bonnie and Johnny who become his friends. The children's mother—apparently widowed and impoverished—at first is frightened of Casper, but later welcomes him into the family after he (unintentionally) frightens off a greedy landlord, who, unwilling to own a "haunted" house, tears up the mortgage and gives her the house outright. The short ends with the mother kissing Bonnie, Johnny, and Casper as she sends them off to school, with Casper wearing clothing as if he were a living child.

text: Casper appeared in two more subsequent cartoons by Seymour Reit and Joe Oriolo, There's Good Boos To-Night and A Haunting We Will Go. There's Good Boos To-Night differs wildly from later Casper cartoons: although the theme of Casper trying to find a friend and failing in these attempts before succeeding also occurs in later cartoons, the tone of this short turns remarkably dark when a hunter and his dogs appear, chasing the little fox cub named Ferdie that Casper has befriended. Although Casper scares the hunter and dogs away, Casper discovers Ferdie dead after a harrowing chase scene. Happily, however, Ferdie returns as a ghost to join his friend Casper in the afterlife.

text: These were later adapted into Noveltoons before Paramount started a Casper the Friendly Ghost series in 1950, and ran the theatrical releases until the summer of 1959. Nearly every entry in the series was the same: Casper (now slightly thinner than the pudgy figure that appeared in the earlier cartoons) escapes from the afterlife of a regular ghost because he finds that scaring people can be tiresome year after year, tries to find friends but inadvertently scares almost everyone, and finally finds a (cute little) friend, whom he saves from some sort of fate, leading to his acceptance by those initially scared of him. In 1955, composer Winston Sharples composed an instrumental theme for Casper's cartoons.

text: Harvey Comics, television, and films[edit]

text: Casper went on to become one of the most famous properties from Famous Studios. Casper was first published in comics form in 1949 by St. John Publications; Alfred Harvey, founder and publisher of Harvey Comics began producing Casper comic books in 1952, and in 1959, Harvey purchased the rights to the character outright.

text: After Harvey bought the rights to Casper and many other Famous properties in 1959 (including Herman and Katnip, Little Audrey, and Baby Huey), they began broadcasting the post-September 1950 theatrical Famous shorts on a television show sponsored by Mattel Toys titled Matty's Funday Funnies on ABC in 1959 which introduced the Barbie doll to the public. The other Famous produced Casper cartoons had already been acquired by television distributor U.M. & M. TV Corporation in 1956. U.M. & M. retitled just "A Haunting We Will Go", but credited "Featuring Casper The Friendly Ghost" as "Featuring Casper's Friendly Ghost".

text: New cartoons were created for The New Casper Cartoon Show in 1963, also on ABC. The original Casper cartoons were syndicated under the title Harveytoons (initially repackaged as Casper and Company) in 1962 and ran continually until the mid-90s. Casper has remained popular in reruns and merchandising, and Hanna-Barbera produced two holiday specials, Casper's First Christmas (which also starred Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, Quick Draw McGraw, Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy) and Casper's Halloween Special (aka Casper Saves Halloween), and also the Saturday morning cartoon series Casper and the Angels (an animated takeoff on two live action hit shows Charlie's Angels and "CHiPS") in the autumn of 1979, all on NBC. Also featured on the NBC version was a big ghost named Hairy Scary (voiced by John Stephenson). None of Casper's original co-stars appeared in the show.

text: Numerous Casper cartoons were released on home video by Universal Studios (via MCA Inc.), which also adapted the friendly ghost into a live-action feature film titled Casper in 1995, where he and his wicked uncles, the Ghostly Trio, were rendered via computer animation, which initially created the first CGI lead character in a film. The film constructed a back-story for the character and is the only time in the series that the question of his death has been addressed. According to the film, Casper was a twelve-year-old boy living in Whipstaff Manor with his inventor father J.T. McFadden until he died from pneumonia after playing out in the cold until it was past nightfall.

text: In 1996, Amblin Entertainment and Universal Cartoon Studios created a new Casper series for Fox Kids, based on the 1995 feature, that lasted two years and was never seen on television again after 1998. Two live-action direct-to-video follow-ups to the film, Casper: A Spirited Beginning and Casper Meets Wendy (which introduced Hilary Duff as fellow Harvey Comics character Wendy the Good Little Witch), were made. They were followed by Casper's Haunted Christmas (starring Spooky and Poil from the comics and animated spin-off of the first movie), and Casper's Scare School, which were done entirely in CGI with no live-action elements. These films are often referred to as being "prequels" to the 1995 feature[citation needed] despite the fact that they heartily contradict the feature and do not appear to even take place in the same universe.

text: In 2001, Harvey Entertainment was acquired by Classic Media which, until 2012, licensed the Harvey properties including Casper.[5]

text: In 2007, MoonScoop Group, in association with Classic Media, TF1 et DQ, produced a TV show of 52 X 12 named Casper's Scare School.

text: In 2009, a new Casper comic was published, called Casper and the Spectrals by Arden Entertainment. Much like The Man of Steel and Batman: Year One did with their respective characters, it revamped Casper and several other Harvey characters for a new audience. After selling 6,400 copies of the first comic, the last two issues were published in 2010.

text: Casper made a cameo in a MetLife commercial in 2012. Later that same year, Classic Media was acquired by DreamWorks Animation, which in turn would be acquired by NBCUniversal in 2016, and thus Universal Studios, the producer of the original live-action feature film, now manages the rights to the character and other related characters in addition to regaining the rights to Casper's Haunted Christmas (which Universal itself originally released in late 2000).

text: Actors who have voiced or portrayed Casper[edit]

text:
Radio actress Cecil Roy voiced Casper in the majority of the Famous Studios cartoons along with Mae Questel.
Alan Shay voiced Casper in "there's Good Boos to-night" in 1948 and in the 1949 "A Haunting we will go"
Norma MacMillan provided the voice in The New Casper Cartoon Show
Julie McWhirter provided the voiced in Casper and the Angels
Malachi Pearson voiced the character in the 1995 movie Casper and The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper
Jeremy Foley voiced the character in Casper: A Spirited Beginning and Casper Meets Wendy
Brendon Ryan Barrett provided the voice in Casper's Haunted Christmas
Devon Werkheiser voiced Casper in Casper's Scare School.
Devon Sawa is the only actor to ever have played the character in live-action, portraying him in a sequence from the 1995 film in which Casper was temporarily brought back to life.

text: The cartoons and movies of "Casper, the Friendy Ghost" have also been dubbed in other languages including Spanish by other voice actors, and the name "Casper" has been translated as Gasparín.

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Ghostly Trio (sometimes)
Wendy the Good Little Witch
Archibald the Talking Wishing Well
Hot Stuff the Little Devil
Nightmare the Ghost Horse
Spooky the Tuff Little Ghost
Poil, Spooky's girlfriend
Gned Gnome
Sohini
Arruda
Hairy Scarey (Casper and the Angels)
Kat Harvey (Casper, 1996 animated series)
Dr. James Harvey (Casper, 1996 animated series)
Amelia Harvey (Casper)
Chris Carson (Casper: A Spirited Beginning)
Tim Carson (Casper: A Spirited Beginning)
Sheila Fistergraff (Casper: A Spirited Beginning)
Holly Jollimore (Casper's Haunted Christmas)
Ra (Casper's Scare School)
Mantha (Casper's Scare School)
Jimmy Bradly (Casper's Scare School)
Professor Phinieas Field (Casper and the Spectrals)
Eloise "Ellie" Essex (Casper and the Spectrals)

text: Enemies[edit]

text:
Kibosh (Casper: A Spirited Beginning, Casper's Haunted Christmas and Casper's Scare School)
Snivel (Casper: A Spirited Beginning and Casper's Haunted Christmas)
Ghostly Trio (sometimes)
Carrigan and Dibs (Casper)
Desmond Spellman (Casper Meets Wendy)
Vincent and Jules (Casper Meets Wendy)
Sahil (The brother of Casper's friend Sohini)
Alder and Dash (Casper's Scare School)
Thatch (Casper's Scare School)
Volbragg (Casper and the Spectrals)

text: Comic book titles[edit]

text: This is a list of comic book titles that featured Casper as the main character (or main co-character). He also appeared in back up stories and made guest appearances in many other Harvey comic books like; Little Audrey, Paramount Animated Comics, Spooky the Tuff Little Ghost, Wendy the Good Little Witch, and Ghostly Trio.

text:
Casper
Casper Adventure Digest
Casper and...
Casper and Friends
Casper and Friends Magazine
Casper and Nightmare
Casper and Spooky
Casper and The Ghostly Trio
Casper and Spooky
Casper: A Spirited Beginning (film adaptation)
Casper Big Book
Casper Digest
Casper Digest Stories
Casper Digest Winners
Casper Enchanted Tales Digest
Casper Ghostland
Casper Giant Size
Casper Halloween Trick or Treat
Casper in Space
Casper in 3-D
Casper Magazine
Casper Movie Adaptation
Casper's Ghostland
Casper's Scare School
Casper's Spaceship
Casper Special
Casper Strange Ghost Stories
Casper, the Friendly Ghost
Casper TV Showtime
Famous TV Funday Funnies
The Friendly Ghost, Casper
Harvey Two-Pack
Nightmare and Casper
Richie Rich and Casper
Richie Rich, Casper, and Wendy
TV Casper and Company
Casper and the Spectrals
Casper The Friendly Ghost (American Mythology Productions)

text: Home media[edit]

text: In 2011, Shout! Factory released a DVD set titled Casper The Friendly Ghost: The Complete Collection 1945-1963 which contains The Friendly Ghost, There's Good Boos To-Night, A Haunting We Will Go, 55 theatrical cartoons, and all 26 episodes of The New Casper Cartoon Show.


document_title: FIFA World Cup

question_text: what team has won the world cup most

question_tokens: what team has won the world cup most

text: FIFA World Cup

text: History

text: Previous international competitions

text: The world's first international football match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 between Scotland and England,[5] which ended in a 0–0 draw. The first international tournament, the inaugural British Home Championship, took place in 1884.[6] As football grew in popularity in other parts of the world at the start of the 20th century, it was held as a demonstration sport with no medals awarded at the 1900 and 1904 Summer Olympics (however, the IOC has retroactively upgraded their status to official events), and at the 1906 Intercalated Games.[7]

text: After FIFA was founded in 1904, it tried to arrange an international football tournament between nations outside the Olympic framework in Switzerland in 1906. These were very early days for international football, and the official history of FIFA describes the competition as having been a failure.[8]

text: At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, football became an official competition. Planned by The Football Association (FA), England's football governing body, the event was for amateur players only and was regarded suspiciously as a show rather than a competition. Great Britain (represented by the England national amateur football team) won the gold medals. They repeated the feat at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

text: With the Olympic event continuing to be contested only between amateur teams, Sir Thomas Lipton organised the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy tournament in Turin in 1909. The Lipton tournament was a championship between individual clubs (not national teams) from different nations, each one of which represented an entire nation. The competition is sometimes described as The First World Cup,[9] and featured the most prestigious professional club sides from Italy, Germany and Switzerland, but the FA of England refused to be associated with the competition and declined the offer to send a professional team. Lipton invited West Auckland, an amateur side from County Durham, to represent England instead. West Auckland won the tournament and returned in 1911 to successfully defend their title.

text: In 1914, FIFA agreed to recognise the Olympic tournament as a "world football championship for amateurs", and took responsibility for managing the event.[10] This paved the way for the world's first intercontinental football competition, at the 1920 Summer Olympics, contested by Egypt and 13 European teams, and won by Belgium.[11] Uruguay won the next two Olympic football tournaments in 1924 and 1928. Those were also the first two open world championships, as 1924 was the start of FIFA's professional era.

text: World Cups before World War II

text: Due to the success of the Olympic football tournaments, FIFA, with President Jules Rimet as the driving force, again started looking at staging its own international tournament outside of the Olympics. On 28 May 1928, the FIFA Congress in Amsterdam decided to stage a world championship itself.[12] With Uruguay now two-time official football world champions and to celebrate their centenary of independence in 1930, FIFA named Uruguay as the host country of the inaugural World Cup tournament.

text: The national associations of selected nations were invited to send a team, but the choice of Uruguay as a venue for the competition meant a long and costly trip across the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. Indeed, no European country pledged to send a team until two months before the start of the competition. Rimet eventually persuaded teams from Belgium, France, Romania, and Yugoslavia to make the trip. In total, 13 nations took part: seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America.

text: The first two World Cup matches took place simultaneously on 13 July 1930, and were won by France and the USA, who defeated Mexico 4–1 and Belgium 3–0 respectively. The first goal in World Cup history was scored by Lucien Laurent of France.[13] In the final, Uruguay defeated Argentina 4–2 in front of a crowd of 93,000 people in Montevideo, and in doing so became the first nation to win the World Cup.[14]

text: After the creation of the World Cup, FIFA and the IOC disagreed over the status of amateur players, and so football was dropped from the 1932 Summer Olympics.[15] Olympic football returned at the 1936 Summer Olympics, but was now overshadowed by the more prestigious World Cup.

text: The issues facing the early World Cup tournaments were the difficulties of intercontinental travel, and war. Few South American teams were willing to travel to Europe for the 1934 World Cup and all North and South American nations except Brazil and Cuba boycotted the 1938 tournament. Brazil was the only South American team to compete in both. The 1942 and 1946 competitions, which Germany and Brazil sought to host,[16] were cancelled due to World War II and its aftermath.

text: World Cups after World War II

text: The 1950 World Cup, held in Brazil, was the first to include British participants. British teams withdrew from FIFA in 1920, partly out of unwillingness to play against the countries they had been at war with, and partly as a protest against foreign influence on football,[17] but rejoined in 1946 following FIFA's invitation.[18] The tournament also saw the return of 1930 champions Uruguay, who had boycotted the previous two World Cups. Uruguay won the tournament again after defeating the host nation Brazil, in the match called "Maracanazo" (Portuguese: Maracanaço).

text: In the tournaments between 1934 and 1978, 16 teams competed in each tournament, except in 1938, when Austria was absorbed into Germany after qualifying, leaving the tournament with 15 teams, and in 1950, when India, Scotland, and Turkey withdrew, leaving the tournament with 13 teams.[19] Most of the participating nations were from Europe and South America, with a small minority from North America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. These teams were usually defeated easily by the European and South American teams. Until 1982, the only teams from outside Europe and South America to advance out of the first round were: USA, semi-finalists in 1930; Cuba, quarter-finalists in 1938; North Korea, quarter-finalists in 1966; and Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1970.

text: Expansion to 32 teams

text: The tournament was expanded to 24 teams in 1982,[20] and then to 32 in 1998,[21] also allowing more teams from Africa, Asia and North America to take part. Since then, teams from these regions have enjoyed more success, with several having reached the quarter-finals: Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1986; Cameroon, quarter-finalists in 1990; South Korea, finishing in fourth place in 2002; Senegal, along with USA, both quarter-finalists in 2002; Ghana, quarter-finalists in 2010; and Costa Rica, quarter-finalists in 2014. Nevertheless, European and South American teams continue to dominate, e.g., the quarter-finalists in 1994, 1998, 2006 and 2018 were all from Europe or South America and so were the finalists of all tournaments so far.

text: Two hundred teams entered the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds; 198 nations attempted to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, while a record 204 countries entered qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[22]

text: Expansion to 48 teams

text: In October 2013, Sepp Blatter spoke of guaranteeing the Caribbean Football Union's region a position in the World Cup.[23] In the edition of 25 October 2013 of the FIFA Weekly Blatter wrote that: "From a purely sporting perspective, I would like to see globalisation finally taken seriously, and the African and Asian national associations accorded the status they deserve at the FIFA World Cup. It cannot be that the European and South American confederations lay claim to the majority of the berths at the World Cup."[24] Those two remarks suggested to commentators that Blatter could be putting himself forward for re-election to the FIFA Presidency.[25]

text: Following the magazine's publication, Blatter's would-be opponent for the FIFA Presidency, UEFA President Michel Platini, responded that he intended to extend the World Cup to 40 national associations, increasing the number of participants by eight. Platini said that he would allocate an additional berth to UEFA, two to the Asian Football Confederation and the Confederation of African Football, two shared between CONCACAF and CONMEBOL, and a guaranteed place for the Oceania Football Confederation.[26] Platini was clear about why he wanted to expand the World Cup. He said: "[The World Cup is] not based on the quality of the teams because you don't have the best 32 at the World Cup ... but it's a good compromise. ... It's a political matter so why not have more Africans? The competition is to bring all the people of all the world. If you don't give the possibility to participate, they don't improve."[26]

text: In October 2016 FIFA president Gianni Infantino stated his support for a 48-team World Cup in 2026.[27] On 10 January 2017, FIFA confirmed the 2026 World Cup will have 48 finalist teams.[28]

text: 2015 FIFA corruption case

text: By May 2015, the games were under a particularly dark cloud because of the 2015 FIFA corruption case, allegations and criminal charges of bribery, fraud and money laundering to corrupt the issuing of media and marketing rights (rigged bids) for FIFA games,[29] with FIFA officials accused of taking bribes totaling more than $150 million over 24 years. In late May, the U.S. Justice Department announced a 47-count indictment with charges of racketeering, wire fraud and money laundering conspiracy against 14 people. Arrests of over a dozen FIFA officials were made since that time, particularly on 29 May and 3 December.[30] By the end of May 2015, a total of nine FIFA officials and five executives of sports and broadcasting markets had already been charged on corruption. At the time, FIFA president Sepp Blatter announced he would relinquish his position in February 2016.[31]

text: On 4 June 2015 Chuck Blazer while co-operating with the FBI and the Swiss authorities admitted that he and the other members of FIFA's then-executive committee were bribed in order to promote the 1998 and 2010 World Cups.[32] On 10 June 2015 Swiss authorities seized computer data from the offices of Sepp Blatter.[33] The same day, FIFA postponed the bidding process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup in light of the allegations surrounding bribery in the awarding of the 2018 and 2022 tournaments. Then-secretary general Jérôme Valcke stated, "Due to the situation, I think it's nonsense to start any bidding process for the time being."[34] On 28 October 2015, Blatter and FIFA VP Michel Platini, a potential candidate for presidency, were suspended for 90 days; both maintained their innocence in statements made to the news media.[35]

text: On 3 December 2015 two FIFA vice-presidents were arrested on suspicion of bribery in the same Zurich hotel where seven FIFA officials had been arrested in May.[36] An additional 16 indictments by the U.S. Department of Justice were announced on the same day.[37]

text: Other FIFA tournaments

text: An equivalent tournament for women's football, the FIFA Women's World Cup, was first held in 1991 in China.[38] The women's tournament is smaller in scale and profile than the men's, but is growing; the number of entrants for the 2007 tournament was 120, more than double that of 1991.[39]

text: Men's football has been included in every Summer Olympic Games except 1896 and 1932. Unlike many other sports, the men's football tournament at the Olympics is not a top-level tournament, and since 1992, an under-23 tournament with each team allowed three over-age players.[40] Women's football made its Olympic debut in 1996.

text: The FIFA Confederations Cup is a tournament held one year before the World Cup at the World Cup host nation(s) as a dress rehearsal for the upcoming World Cup. It is contested by the winners of each of the six FIFA confederation championships, along with the FIFA World Cup champion and the host country.[41]

text: FIFA also organises international tournaments for youth football (FIFA U-20 World Cup, FIFA U-17 World Cup, FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup), club football (FIFA Club World Cup), and football variants such as futsal (FIFA Futsal World Cup) and beach soccer (FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup). The latter three do not have a women's version, although a FIFA Women's Club World Cup has been proposed.[42]

text: The FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup is held the year before each Women's World Cup and both tournaments are awarded in a single bidding process. The U-20 tournament serves as a dress rehearsal for the larger competition.[43]

text: Trophy

text: From 1930 to 1970, the Jules Rimet Trophy was awarded to the World Cup winning team. It was originally simply known as the World Cup or Coupe du Monde, but in 1946 it was renamed after the FIFA president Jules Rimet who set up the first tournament. In 1970, Brazil's third victory in the tournament entitled them to keep the trophy permanently. However, the trophy was stolen in 1983 and has never been recovered, apparently melted down by the thieves.[44]

text: After 1970, a new trophy, known as the FIFA World Cup Trophy, was designed. The experts of FIFA, coming from seven countries, evaluated the 53 presented models, finally opting for the work of the Italian designer Silvio Gazzaniga. The new trophy is 36 cm (14.2 in) high, made of solid 18 carat (75%) gold and weighs 6.175 kg (13.6 lb).[45] The base contains two layers of semi-precious malachite while the bottom side of the trophy bears the engraved year and name of each FIFA World Cup winner since 1974.[45] The description of the trophy by Gazzaniga was: "The lines spring out from the base, rising in spirals, stretching out to receive the world. From the remarkable dynamic tensions of the compact body of the sculpture rise the figures of two athletes at the stirring moment of victory."[46]

text: This new trophy is not awarded to the winning nation permanently. World Cup winners retain the trophy only until the post-match celebration is finished. They are awarded a gold-plated replica rather than the solid gold original immediately afterwards.[47]

text: Currently, all members (players, coaches, and managers) of the top three teams receive medals with an insignia of the World Cup Trophy; winners' (gold), runners-up' (silver), and third-place (bronze). In the 2002 edition, fourth-place medals were awarded to hosts South Korea. Before the 1978 tournament, medals were only awarded to the eleven players on the pitch at the end of the final and the third-place match. In November 2007, FIFA announced that all members of World Cup-winning squads between 1930 and 1974 were to be retroactively awarded winners' medals.[48][49][50]

text: Format

text: Qualification

text: Since the second World Cup in 1934, qualifying tournaments have been held to thin the field for the final tournament.[51] They are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, and Europe), overseen by their respective confederations. For each tournament, FIFA decides the number of places awarded to each of the continental zones beforehand, generally based on the relative strength of the confederations' teams.

text: The qualification process can start as early as almost three years before the final tournament and last over a two-year period. The formats of the qualification tournaments differ between confederations. Usually, one or two places are awarded to winners of intercontinental play-offs. For example, the winner of the Oceanian zone and the fifth-placed team from the Asian zone entered a play-off for a spot in the 2010 World Cup.[52] From the 1938 World Cup onwards, host nations receive automatic qualification to the final tournament. This right was also granted to the defending champions between 1938 and 2002, but was withdrawn from the 2006 FIFA World Cup onward, requiring the champions to qualify. Brazil, winners in 2002, were the first defending champions to play qualifying matches.[53]

text: Final tournament

text: The current final tournament has been used since 1998 and features 32 national teams competing over the course of a month in the host nation(s). There are two stages: the group stage followed by the knockout stage.[54]

text: In the group stage, teams compete within eight groups of four teams each. Eight teams are seeded, including the hosts, with the other seeded teams selected using a formula based on the FIFA World Rankings and/or performances in recent World Cups, and drawn to separate groups.[55] The other teams are assigned to different "pots", usually based on geographical criteria, and teams in each pot are drawn at random to the eight groups. Since 1998, constraints have been applied to the draw to ensure that no group contains more than two European teams or more than one team from any other confederation.[56]

text: Each group plays a round-robin tournament, in which each team is scheduled for three matches against other teams in the same group. This means that a total of six matches are played within a group. The last round of matches of each group is scheduled at the same time to preserve fairness among all four teams.[57] The top two teams from each group advance to the knockout stage. Points are used to rank the teams within a group. Since 1994, three points have been awarded for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss (before, winners received two points).

text: If one considers all possible outcomes (win, draw, loss) for all six matches in a group, there are 729 (= 36) outcome combinations possible. However, 207 of these combinations lead to ties between the second and third places. In such case, the ranking among these teams is determined as follows:[58]

text:
Greatest combined goal difference in all group matches
Greatest combined number of goals scored in all group matches
If more than one team remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined as follows:
Greatest number of points in head-to-head matches among those teams
Greatest goal difference in head-to-head matches among those teams
Greatest number of goals scored in head-to-head matches among those teams
Fair play points, defined by the number of yellow and red cards received in the group stage:
Yellow card: minus 1 point
Indirect red card (as a result of a second yellow card): minus 3 points
Direct red card: minus 4 points
Yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points
If any of the teams above remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined by the drawing of lots

tag: ol

text: The knockout stage is a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shootouts used to decide the winner if necessary. It begins with the round of 16 (or the second round) in which the winner of each group plays against the runner-up of another group. This is followed by the quarter-finals, the semi-finals, the third-place match (contested by the losing semi-finalists), and the final.[54]

text: On 10 January 2017, FIFA approved a new format, the 48-team World Cup (to accommodate more teams), which consists of 16 groups of three teams each, with two teams qualifying from each group, to form a round of 32 knockout stage, to be implemented by 2026.[59]

text: Hosts

text: Selection process

text: Early World Cups were given to countries at meetings of FIFA's congress. The locations were controversial because South America and Europe were by far the two centres of strength in football and travel between them required three weeks by boat. The decision to hold the first World Cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four European nations competing.[60] The next two World Cups were both held in Europe. The decision to hold the second of these in France was disputed, as the South American countries understood that the location would alternate between the two continents. Both Argentina and Uruguay thus boycotted the 1938 FIFA World Cup.[61]

text: Since the 1958 FIFA World Cup, to avoid future boycotts or controversy, FIFA began a pattern of alternating the hosts between the Americas and Europe, which continued until the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The 2002 FIFA World Cup, hosted jointly by South Korea and Japan, was the first one held in Asia, and the first tournament with multiple hosts.[62] South Africa became the first African nation to host the World Cup in 2010. The 2014 FIFA World Cup was hosted by Brazil, the first held in South America since Argentina 1978,[63] and was the first occasion where consecutive World Cups were held outside Europe.

text: The host country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA's Council. This is done under an exhaustive ballot system. The national football association of a country desiring to host the event receives a "Hosting Agreement" from FIFA, which explains the steps and requirements that are expected from a strong bid. The bidding association also receives a form, the submission of which represents the official confirmation of the candidacy. After this, a FIFA designated group of inspectors visit the country to identify that the country meets the requirements needed to host the event and a report on the country is produced. The decision on who will host the World Cup is usually made six or seven years in advance of the tournament. However, there have been occasions where the hosts of multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar, with Qatar becoming the first Middle Eastern country to host the tournament.[64][65]

text: For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament. The rotation policy was introduced after the controversy surrounding Germany's victory over South Africa in the vote to host the 2006 tournament. However, the policy of continental rotation will not continue beyond 2014, so any country, except those belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments, can apply as hosts for World Cups starting from 2018.[66] This is partly to avoid a similar scenario to the bidding process for the 2014 tournament, where Brazil was the only official bidder.[67]

text: The 2026 FIFA World Cup was chosen to be held in the United States, Canada and Mexico, marking the first time a World Cup has been shared by three host nations.[68] The 2026 tournament will be the biggest World Cup ever held, with 48 teams playing 80 matches. Sixty matches will take place in the US, including all matches from the quarter-finals onward, while Canada and Mexico will host 10 games each.[68]

text: Performances

text:
Six of the eight champions have won one of their titles while playing in their own homeland, the exceptions being Brazil, who finished as runners-up after losing the deciding match on home soil in 1950 and lost their semi-final against Germany in 2014, and Spain, which reached the second round on home soil in 1982. England (1966) won its only title while playing as a host nation. Uruguay (1930), Italy (1934), Argentina (1978) and
France (1998) won their first titles as host nations but have gone on to win again, while Germany (1974) won their second title on home soil.[69]

text: Other nations have also been successful when hosting the tournament. Switzerland (quarter-finals 1954), Sweden (runners-up in 1958), Chile (third place in 1962), South Korea (fourth place in 2002), and Mexico (quarter-finals in 1970 and 1986) all have their best results when serving as hosts. So far, South Africa (2010) has been the only host nation to fail to advance beyond the first round.[70]

text: Attendance

text:
Year

Hosts

Venues/Cities

Totalattendance

Matches

Avg.attendance

Highest attendances †

Number

Venue

Game(s)

1930
 Uruguay
3/1
590,549
18
32,808
93,000
Estadio Centenario, Montevideo
Uruguay 6–1 Yugoslavia, Semi-final

1934
 Italy
8/8
363,000
17
21,353
55,000
Stadio Nazionale PNF, Rome
Italy 2–1 Czechoslovakia, Final

1938
 France
10/9
375,700
18
20,872
58,455
Olympique de Colombes, Paris
France 1–3 Italy, Quarter-final

1950
 Brazil
6/6
1,045,246
22
47,511
173,850[71]
Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Brazil 1–2 Uruguay, Deciding match

1954
  Switzerland
6/6
768,607
26
29,562
63,000
Wankdorf Stadium, Bern
West Germany 3–2 Hungary, Final

1958
 Sweden
12/12
819,810
35
23,423
50,928
Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg
Brazil 2–0 Soviet Union, Group stage

1962
 Chile
4/4
893,172
32
27,912
68,679
Estadio Nacional, Santiago
Brazil 4–2 Chile, Semi-final

1966
 England
8/7
1,563,135
32
48,848
98,270
Wembley Stadium, London
England 4–2 West Germany, Final

1970
 Mexico
5/5
1,603,975
32
50,124
108,192
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Mexico 1–0 Belgium, Group stage

1974
 West Germany
9/9
1,865,753
38
49,099
83,168
Olympiastadion, West Berlin
West Germany 1–0 Chile, Group stage

1978
 Argentina
6/5
1,545,791
38
40,679
71,712
River Plate Stadium, Buenos Aires
Italy 1–0 Argentina, Group stage

1982
 Spain
17/14
2,109,723
52
40,572
95,500
Camp Nou, Barcelona
Argentina 0–1 Belgium, Opening match

1986
 Mexico
12/11
2,394,031
52
46,039
114,600
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Mexico 1–1 Paraguay, Group stageArgentina 3–2 West Germany, Final

1990
 Italy
12/12
2,516,215
52
48,389
74,765
San Siro, Milan
West Germany 4–1 Yugoslavia, Group stage

1994
 United States
9/9
3,587,538
52
68,991
94,194
Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California
Brazil 0(3)–(2)0 Italy, Final

1998
 France
10/10
2,785,100
64
43,517
80,000
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Brazil 0–3 France, Final

2002
 South Korea Japan
10/1010/10
2,705,197
64
42,269
69,029
International Stadium, Yokohama, Japan
Brazil 2–0 Germany, Final

2006
 Germany
12/12
3,359,439
64
52,491
72,000
Olympiastadion, Berlin
Germany 1(4)–(2)1 Argentina, Quarter-final

2010
 South Africa
10/9
3,178,856
64
49,670
84,490
Soccer City, Johannesburg
Spain 1–0 Netherlands, Final

2014
 Brazil
12/12
3,429,873
64
53,592
74,738
Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Germany 1–0 Argentina, Final

2018
 Russia
12/11
3,031,768
64
47,371
78,011
Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow
France 4–2 Croatia, Final

Overall
40,532,478
900
45,036
171,772
Maracanã Stadium, Rio (1950)

text: The best-attended single match, shown in the last three columns, has been the final in half of the 20 World Cups as of 2014. Another match or matches drew more attendance than the final in 1930, 1938, 1958, 1962, 1970–1982, 1990 and 2006.

text: Source: FIFA[72]

text: Broadcasting and promotion

text:
The World Cup was first televised in 1954 and is now the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world. The cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006 World Cup is estimated to be 26.29 billion.[1] 715.1 million individuals watched the final match of this tournament (a ninth of the entire population of the planet). The 2006 World Cup draw, which decided the distribution of teams into groups, was watched by 300 million viewers.[73] The World Cup attracts many sponsors such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's and Adidas. For these companies and many more, being a sponsor strongly impacts their global brands. Host countries typically experience a multimillion-dollar revenue increase from the month-long event.
The governing body of the sport, FIFA, generated $4.8 billion in revenue from the 2014 tournament.[74]

text: Each FIFA World Cup since 1966 has its own mascot or logo. World Cup Willie, the mascot for the 1966 competition, was the first World Cup mascot.[75] World Cups have also featured official match balls specially designed for each tournament.[76]

text: The World Cup even has a statistically significant effect on birth rates, the male/female sex ratio of newborns, and heart attacks in nations whose national teams are competing.[77][78][79]

text: Results

text:
#

Year

Hosts

Champions

Score and Venue

Runners-up

Third place

Score and Venue

Fourth place

Number of Teams

1

1930  Details

 Uruguay

Uruguay

4–2 Estadio Centenario, Montevideo

Argentina

United States

[note 1]

Yugoslavia

13

2

1934  Details

 Italy

Italy

2–1 (a.e.t.) Stadio Nazionale PNF, Rome

Czechoslovakia

Germany

3–2 Stadio Giorgio Ascarelli, Naples

Austria

16

3

1938  Details

 France

Italy

4–2 Stade de Colombes, Paris

Hungary

Brazil

4–2 Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Sweden

16/15
[note 2]

4

1950  Details

 Brazil

Uruguay

[note 3]2–1 Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro

Brazil

Sweden

[note 3]

Spain

16/13
[note 4]

5

1954  Details

  Switzerland

West Germany

3–2 Wankdorfstadion, Bern

Hungary

Austria

3–1 Hardturm, Zürich

Uruguay

16

6

1958  Details

 Sweden

Brazil

5–2 Råsundastadion, Solna

Sweden

France

6–3 Ullevi, Gothenburg

West Germany

16

7

1962  Details

 Chile

Brazil

3–1 Estadio Nacional, Santiago

Czechoslovakia

Chile

1–0 Estadio Nacional, Santiago

Yugoslavia

16

8

1966  Details

 England

England

4–2 (a.e.t.) Wembley Stadium, London

West Germany

Portugal

2–1 Wembley Stadium, London

Soviet Union

16

9

1970  Details

 Mexico

Brazil

4–1 Estadio Azteca, Mexico City

Italy

West Germany

1–0 Estadio Azteca, Mexico City

Uruguay

16

10

1974  Details

 West Germany

West Germany

2–1 Olympiastadion, Munich

Netherlands

Poland

1–0 Olympiastadion, Munich

Brazil

16

11

1978  Details

 Argentina

Argentina

3–1 (a.e.t.) Monumental de Núñez, Buenos Aires

Netherlands

Brazil

2–1 Monumental de Núñez, Buenos Aires

Italy

16

12

1982  Details

 Spain

Italy

3–1 Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid

West Germany

Poland

3–2 Estadio José Rico Pérez, Alicante

France

24

13

1986  Details

 Mexico

Argentina

3–2 Estadio Azteca, Mexico City

West Germany

France

4–2 (a.e.t.) Estadio Cuauhtémoc, Puebla

Belgium

24

14

1990  Details

 Italy

West Germany

1–0 Stadio Olimpico, Rome

Argentina

Italy

2–1 Stadio San Nicola, Bari

England

24

15

1994  Details

 United States

Brazil

0–0 (a.e.t.)(3–2 PSO) Rose Bowl, Pasadena

Italy

Sweden

4–0 Rose Bowl, Pasadena

Bulgaria

24

16

1998  Details

 France

France

3–0 Stade de France, Saint-Denis

Brazil

Croatia

2–1 Parc des Princes, Paris

Netherlands

32

17

2002  Details

 South Korea Japan

Brazil

2–0 International Stadium, Yokohama

Germany

Turkey

3–2 Daegu Stadium, Daegu

South Korea

32

18

2006  Details

 Germany

Italy

1–1 (a.e.t.)(5–3 PSO) Olympiastadion, Berlin

France

Germany

3–1 Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion, Stuttgart

Portugal

32

19

2010  Details

 South Africa

Spain

1–0 (a.e.t.) Soccer City, Johannesburg

Netherlands

Germany

3–2 Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth

Uruguay

32

20

2014  Details

 Brazil

Germany

1–0 (a.e.t.) Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro

Argentina

Netherlands

3–0 Estádio Nacional, Brasília

Brazil

32

21

2018  Details

 Russia

France

4–2 Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow

Croatia

Belgium

2–0 Krestovsky Stadium, Saint Petersburg

England

32

text:
a.e.t.: after extra time
PSO: after penalty shoot-out
TBD: to be determined

text:
Jump up ^ There was no official World Cup Third place match in 1930; The United States and Yugoslavia lost in the semi-finals. FIFA now recognises the United States as the third-placed team and Yugoslavia as the fourth-placed team, using the overall records of the teams in the tournament.[80]

Jump up ^ Austria withdrew after the draw as a result of the Anschluss with Germany: some Austrian players subsequently joined the German squad, leaving the tournament with 15 teams.

^ Jump up to: a b There was no official World Cup final match in 1950.[81] The tournament winner was decided by a final round-robin group contested by four teams (Uruguay, Brazil, Sweden, and Spain). Coincidentally, one of the last two matches of the tournament pitted the two top ranked teams against each other, with Uruguay's 2–1 victory over Brazil thus often being considered as the de facto final of the 1950 World Cup.[82] Likewise, the game between the lowest ranked teams, played at the same time as Uruguay vs Brazil, can be considered equal to a Third place match, with Sweden's 3–1 victory over Spain ensuring that they finished third.

Jump up ^ Only 13 teams played the 1950 FIFA World Cup.[81] 16 teams entered the seeding groups draw. However, Turkey and Scotland both withdrew before the draw; France (eliminated in qualifying) was invited as a replacement, leaving the tournament to be held with 15 teams. After the draw, India and France both withdrew, so only 13 teams participated in the tournament.

text: In all, 79 nations have played in at least one World Cup.[83] Of these, eight national teams have won the World Cup, and they have added stars to their badges, with each star representing a World Cup victory. (Uruguay, however, choose to display four stars on their badge, representing their two gold medals at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and their two World Cup titles in 1930 and 1950).

text: With five titles, Brazil are the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have played in every World Cup (21) to date.[84] Brazil were also the first team to win the World Cup for the third (1970), fourth (1994) and fifth (2002) time. Italy (1934 and 1938) and Brazil (1958 and 1962) are the only nations to have won consecutive titles. West Germany (1982–1990) and Brazil (1994–2002) are the only nations to appear in three consecutive World Cup finals. Germany has made the most top-four finishes (13), medals (12), as well as the most finals (8).

text: Teams reaching the top four

text:
Teams reaching the top four

Team
Titles
Runners-up
Third place
Fourth place
Top 4 Finishes
Top 3 Finishes
Top 2 Finishes

 Brazil

5 (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002)

2 (1950*, 1998)

2 (1938, 1978)

2 (1974, 2014*)

11
9
7

 Germany^

4 (1954, 1974*, 1990, 2014)

4 (1966, 1982, 1986, 2002)

4 (1934, 1970, 2006*, 2010)

1 (1958)

13
12
8

 Italy

4 (1934*, 1938, 1982, 2006)

2 (1970, 1994)

1 (1990*)

1 (1978)

8
7
6

 Argentina

2 (1978*, 1986)

3 (1930, 1990, 2014)

5
5
5

 France

2 (1998*, 2018)

1 (2006)

2 (1958, 1986)

1 (1982)

6
5
3

 Uruguay

2 (1930*, 1950)

3 (1954, 1970, 2010)

5
2
2

 England

1 (1966*)

2 (1990, 2018)

3
1
1

 Spain

1 (2010)

1 (1950)

2
1
1

 Netherlands

3 (1974, 1978, 2010)

1 (2014)

1 (1998)

5
4
3

 Hungary

2 (1938, 1954)

2
2
2

 Czechoslovakia#

2 (1934, 1962)

2
2
2

 Sweden

1 (1958*)

2 (1950, 1994)

1 (1938)

4
3
1

 Croatia

1 (2018)

1 (1998)

2
2
1

 Poland

2 (1974, 1982)

2
2

 Austria

1 (1954)

1 (1934)

2
1

 Portugal

1 (1966)

1 (2006)

2
1

 Belgium

1 (2018)

1 (1986)

2
1

 United States

1 (1930)

1
1

 Chile

1 (1962*)

1
1

 Turkey

1 (2002)

1
1

 Yugoslavia#

2 (1930, 1962)

2

 Soviet Union#

1 (1966)

1

 Bulgaria

1 (1994)

1

 South Korea

1 (2002*)

1

text: Best performances by continental zones

text: To date, the final of the World Cup has only been contested by teams from the UEFA (Europe) and CONMEBOL (South America) confederations. European nations have won twelve titles, while South American have won nine. Only two teams from outside these two continents have ever reached the semi-finals of the competition: United States (North, Central America and Caribbean) in 1930 and South Korea (Asia) in 2002. The best result of an African team is reaching the quarter-finals: Cameroon in 1990, Senegal in 2002 and Ghana in 2010. Only one Oceanian qualifier, Australia in 2006, has advanced to the second round.[85]

text: Brazil, Argentina, Spain and Germany are the only teams to win a World Cup outside their continental confederation; Brazil came out victorious in Europe (1958), North America (1970 and 1994) and Asia (2002). Argentina won a World Cup in North America in 1986, while Spain won in Africa in 2010. In 2014, Germany became the first European team to win in the Americas. Only on five occasions have consecutive World Cups been won by teams from the same continent, and currently it is the first time with four champions in a row from the same continental confederation. Italy and Brazil successfully defended their titles in 1938 and 1962 respectively, while Italy's triumph in 2006 has been followed by wins for Spain in 2010, Germany in 2014 and France in 2018. Currently, it is also the first time that one of the currently winning continents (Europe) is ahead of the other (South America) by more than one championship.

text:
Total times teams qualified by confederation

Confederation

AFC

CAF

CONCACAF

CONMEBOL

OFC

UEFA

Total

Teams
37
44
42
85
4
245
457

Top 16
6
9
14
35
1
91
156

Top 8
2
3
5
34
0
100
144

Top 4
1
0
1
22
0
60
84

Top 2
0
0
0
14
0
28
42

1st
0
0
0
9
0
12
21

2nd
0
0
0
5
0
16
21

3rd
0
0
1
3
0
17
21

4th
1
0
0
5
0
15
21

text: Awards

text: At the end of each World Cup, awards are presented to the players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently six awards:[86]

text:
The Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members (first awarded in 1982); the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively;[87]
The Golden Boot (sometimes called the Golden Shoe) for the top goalscorer (first awarded in 1982, but retrospectively applied to all tournaments from 1930); most recently, the Silver Boot and the Bronze Boot have been awarded to the second and third top goalscorers respectively;[88]
The Golden Glove Award (formerly the Yashin Award) for the best goalkeeper, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first awarded in 1994);[89]
The Best Young Player Award for the best player aged 21 or younger at the start of the calendar year, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first awarded in 2006);[90]
The FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team with the best record of fair play, according to the points system and criteria established by the FIFA Fair Play Committee (first awarded in 1978);[90]
The Most Entertaining Team for the team that has entertained the public the most during the World Cup, determined by a poll of the general public (first awarded in 1994);[90]

text: An All-Star Team consisting of the best players of the tournament has also been announced for each tournament since 1998.

text: Records and statistics

text: Three players share the record for playing in the most World Cups; Mexico's Antonio Carbajal (1950–1966) and Rafael Márquez (2002-2018); and Germany's Lothar Matthäus (1982–1998) all played in five tournaments.[91] Matthäus has played the most World Cup matches overall, with 25 appearances.[92] Brazil's Djalma Santos (1954–1962), West Germany's Franz Beckenbauer (1966–1974) and Germany's Philipp Lahm (2006–2014) are the only players to be named to three Finals All-Star Teams.[93]

text: Miroslav Klose of Germany (2002–2014) is the all-time top scorer at the finals, with 16 goals. He broke Ronaldo of Brazil's record of 15 goals (1998–2006) during 2014 semi-final match against Brazil. West Germany's Gerd Müller (1970–1974) is third, with 14 goals.[94] The fourth placed goalscorer, France's Just Fontaine, holds the record for the most goals scored in a single World Cup; all his 13 goals were scored in the 1958 tournament.[95]

text: In November 2007, FIFA announced that all members of World Cup-winning squads between 1930 and 1974 were to be retroactively awarded winners' medals.[48] This made Brazil's Pelé the only player to have won three World Cup winners' medals (1958, 1962, and 1970, although he did not play in the 1962 final due to injury),[96] with 20 other players who have won two winners' medals. Seven players have collected all three types of World Cup medals (winners', runner- ups', and third-place); five players were from West Germany's squad of 1966–1974 including Franz Beckenbauer, Jürgen Grabowski, Horst-Dieter Höttges, Sepp Maier and Wolfgang Overath (1966–1974), Italy's Franco Baresi (1982, 1990, 1994) and the most recent has been Miroslav Klose of Germany (2002–2014) with four consecutive medals.[97]

text: Brazil's Mário Zagallo, West Germany's Franz Beckenbauer and France's Didier Deschamps are the only people to date to win the World Cup as both player and head coach. Zagallo won in 1958 and 1962 as a player and in 1970 as head coach.[98] Beckenbauer won in 1974 as captain and in 1990 as head coach,[99] and Deschamps repeated the feat in 2018.[100] Italy's Vittorio Pozzo is the only head coach to ever win two World Cups (1934 and 1938).[101] All World Cup winning head coaches were natives of the country they coached to victory.[102]

text: Among the national teams, Germany and Brazil have played the most World Cup matches (109), Germany appeared in the most finals (8), semi-finals (13), quarter-finals (16), while Brazil has appeared in the most World Cups (21), has the most wins (73) and has scored the most goals (229).[103][104] The two teams have played each other twice in the World Cup, in the 2002 final and in the 2014 semi-final.[105]

text: Top goalscorers

text:
Players with more than 10 goals at World Cup tournaments

Rank

Nation

Player

Goals scored

1

Miroslav Klose

16

2

Ronaldo

15

3

Gerd Müller

14

4

Just Fontaine

13

5

Pelé

12

6

Jürgen Klinsmann

11

Sándor Kocsis

11

text: All-time table for champions

text:
Position

Name of Team

Participations

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

AvgPts

Trophies

1

 Brazil

21

109

73

18

18

229

105

124

237

2.17

5

2

 Germany[106]

19

109

67

20

22

226

125

101

221

2.03

4

3

 Italy

18

83

45

21

17

128

77

51

156

1.88

4

4

 Argentina

17

81

43

15

23

137

93

44

144

1.78

2

5

 France

15

66

34

13

19

120

77

43

115

1.74

2

6

 England

15

69

29

21

19

91

64

27

108

1.59

1

7

 Spain

15

63

30

15

18

99

72

27

105

1.67

1

8

 Uruguay

13

56

24

12

20

87

74

13

84

1.50

2