document_title: X-Men: Days of Future Past

question_text: who plays raven in days of future past

question_tokens: who plays raven in days of future past

text: X-Men: Days of Future Past

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a dystopian future, Sentinels have been programmed to identify and hunt down mutants and their human allies who carry the mutant gene for extermination. During a Sentinel raid which overwhelms nearly every mutant in Russia, Kitty Pryde sends Bishop's consciousness back in time a few days before the attack, in an effort to warn the X-Men so as to ensure their survival.

text: Professor Charles Xavier meets Kitty Pryde at a remote Chinese temple with other mutant survivors, and explains the history of the Sentinels, which were designed by Bolivar Trask, whom Mystique assassinated in 1973; Mystique's DNA was then modified by scientists to advance the Sentinel program. Using Kitty's ability to send a mutant's consciousness back in time, Xavier and Magneto plan to alter history by preventing Trask’s assassination. While Xavier initially plans to be the candidate, Wolverine volunteers instead since his regenerative powers would allow him to survive the process.

text: After awakening in his younger body in 1973, Wolverine arrives at the X-Mansion, discovering the school has been shut down, and that the younger Xavier can walk, lacking his powers under a specialized serum suppressing his mutant abilities. Hoping to reunite with Mystique, Xavier agrees to help Wolverine bust Erik Lensherr out of his prison cell under the Pentagon, aided by Hank McCoy and Peter Maximoff.

text: Mystique discovers Trask has been experimenting on mutants and in revenge plots to assassinate him at the Paris Peace Accords. Her vengeance results in failure after Xavier, Hank, and Wolverine intervene and Erik attempts to kill her to prevent the Sentinel takeover from happening. During a fight, Hank, Erik, and Mystique expose themselves as mutants to the world. Trask takes advantage of this event and successfully convinces President Richard Nixon to initialize the Sentinel program.

text: Erik (now Magneto) obtains his signature helmet to block out Xavier’s psychic powers, and secretly takes control of the constructed Sentinels. Xavier abandons the serum, regaining his mutant power, and communicates with his future self, who inspires him to protect the relationship between mutants and mankind. After using Cerebro to track Mystique, he, Hank and Wolverine take flight to Washington, D.C. and put an end to her assassination plot on Trask.

text: At a ceremony where Nixon unveils the Sentinels, Xavier, Hank, and Wolverine search for Mystique, disguised as a Secret Service agent. Magneto appears, controlling the Sentinels, and uses the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium to surround the White House. Hank transforms into Beast and fights a Sentinel. Wolverine confronts Magneto, but is thrown far into the Potomac River. Nixon, Trask, and Mystique hide in a safe room beneath the White House, but Magneto rips it out of the building with the intention of killing the U.S. President.

text: In the future, the Sentinels launch an attack on the X-Men, slaying most of them, including Storm, while Magneto is wounded. In the present, Xavier persuades Mystique to spare Trask after she saves President Nixon from Magneto, altering history and erasing the Sentinels from existence. Magneto and Mystique both leave, one a criminal, the other a hero. Trask is put behind bars for attempting to sell U.S military secrets to Vietnamese officials.

text: Wolverine wakes up at the mansion in the present day to find Iceman, Rogue, Colossus, Kitty, Beast, Storm, Jean Grey, Scott Summers and Xavier all alive. Wolverine speaks to Xavier, aware of the changes in history. Back in 1973, the younger Wolverine is rescued by Mystique, who is disguised as William Stryker.

text: In a post-credits scene, an Egyptian crowd is seen chanting to En Sabah Nur, who telekinetically elevates building blocks to forge pyramids as four horsemen observe him from afar.[6][7]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Hugh Jackman as Logan / Wolverine

text: James McAvoy and Patrick Stewart as Charles Xavier / Professor X

text: Michael Fassbender and Ian McKellen as Erik Lehnsherr / Magneto

text: Jennifer Lawrence as Raven Darkhölme / Mystique

text: Nicholas Hoult and Kelsey Grammer as Dr. Henry "Hank" McCoy / Beast

text: Halle Berry as Ororo Munroe / Storm

text: Anna Paquin as Marie / Rogue

text: Ellen Page as Kitty Pryde / Shadowcat

text: Shawn Ashmore as Bobby Drake / Iceman

text: Omar Sy as Bishop

text: Peter Dinklage as Bolivar Trask

text: Evan Peters as Peter Maximoff / Quicksilver

text: Josh Helman as Major William Stryker

text: Daniel Cudmore as Peter Rasputin / Colossus

text: Fan Bingbing as Blink

text: Adan Canto as Sunspot

text: Booboo Stewart as Warpath

text: Additionally, Famke Janssen and James Marsden reprise their roles as Jean Grey and Scott Summers / Cyclops respectively in cameo appearances. Lucas Till reprises his role as Alex Summers / Havok. Evan Jonigkeit portrays Mortimer Toynbee / Toad. Gregg Lowe portrays Eric Gitter / Ink. X-Men comic-book writers Len Wein and Chris Claremont appear as United States congressmen. Michael Lerner plays Senator Brickman. Mark Camacho portrays U.S. President Richard Nixon. Singer cameos as a man with a small film camera as Magneto walks away after Mystique's escape in Paris. In a post-credits scene, Brendan Pedder portrays the ancient mutant, En Sabah Nur.[42]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Producer Lauren Shuler Donner stated in August 2006 that a continuation of the X-Men main film series would require a renegotiation. New cast members of X-Men: The Last Stand were signed, while the older cast members were not.[43] Donner said, "There is forty years worth of stories. I've always wanted to do 'Days of Future Past' and there are just really a lot of stories yet to be told".[44] She later pitched the idea of a fourth installment of the X-Men franchise to director Bryan Singer, following the completion of the 2011 prequel X-Men: First Class.[45] In March 2011, Donner said the film was in "active development at Fox"; she said, "We took the treatment to Fox and they love it... And X4 leads into X5".[46]

text: 20th Century Fox saw X-Men: First Class as the first film of a new X-Men trilogy.[47] Donner compared the franchise plans to the darker, more mature content of the Harry Potter film series.[48] Early reports said Matthew Vaughn and Singer were returning to direct and produce the sequel, respectively.[49] While still attached to the project as a director, Vaughn said, "First Class is similar to Batman Begins, where you have the fun of introducing the characters and getting to know them, but that takes time. But with the second one, you can just get on with it and have a rollicking good time. That's the main difference between Batman Begins and The Dark Knight".[50] Describing the possible beginning of the film, Vaughn said, "I thought it would be fun to open with the Kennedy assassination, and we reveal that the magic bullet was controlled by Magneto".[51] Singer said the film could be set around the civil rights movement or the Vietnam War,[52] and that Wolverine could once again be featured.[53] Singer also talked about "changing history" in an interview with Empire magazine. He said he does not want people to panic about events in the past "erasing" the storylines of the previous X-Men films, as he believes in multiverses, explaining the possibility of certain events can exist equally in the histories of alternate universes.[54]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Kinberg said the main focus of this film was the future of the X-Men film series. With the use of cast members from the original trilogy and from First Class, they needed to decide the sequels' destination.[20] In preparation for the film, Kinberg studied films about time travel, including Back to the Future, The Terminator, and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. Singer originated a philosophy and a set of rules for the time travel in the film so the story would be as plausible as possible.[20]

text: According to Kinberg, as they were writing the script, they thought it is sensible that Wolverine was traveling between time periods, because of his ageless look and ability to heal rapidly.[20] He further stated of making Wolverine the time traveler, "We made the decision for a lot of reasons ... he's the protagonist of the franchise, and probably the most beloved character to a mass audience".[55] Kinberg and Vaughn considered Bishop and Cable candidates for the role of time traveler.[10] Kinberg said Rachel Summers was in the first draft of the script; she sent Wolverine back to 1973. The character was later replaced with Kitty Pryde, to whom Kinberg gave a secondary power of sending people's consciousnesses into the past.[56] Juggernaut, Jubilee, Nightcrawler and Psylocke were also considered for the film.[57][58][59][60]

text: Singer was asked how the film integrates the themes of the earlier X-Men films; he said, "It establishes that some villain characters may have been right with their fears. It confronts the notions of hope and second chances. It's characters that are lost trying to find themselves. In X-Men 1 and 2, the characters had come into their own and knew who they were. In this one, they're all lost and they're trying to keep it together".[61]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: In November 2011, Simon Kinberg—co-writer of X-Men: The Last Stand and co-producer of X-Men: First Class—was hired to write the film's screenplay.[62] In May 2012, 20th Century Fox announced the film would be released on July 18, 2014.[63] The release was later moved forward to May 23, 2014.[64] In August 2012, the title for the film was confirmed to be X-Men: Days of Future Past. The film is inspired by Chris Claremont and John Byrne's X-Men comic book storyline, "Days of Future Past", which introduced the idea of an alternate future for mutants that grew from the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants' killing of a senator, leading to a future in which mutants are hunted by Sentinels.[65]

text: In October 2012, Vaughn left the role of director to focus on Mark Millar's Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014).[66] Singer was later announced as the film's director; it was his third directorial role in the X-Men film series.[67] In preparation for the film, Singer approached James Cameron to discuss time travel, string theory and multiverses.[68] In the same month, Richard Stammers was approached to be the visual effects supervisor, as Singer liked his work in the 2012 film Prometheus.[69]

text: Singer brought back most of the crew he had in X-Men and X2. In December 2012, two long-absent designers were hired: production designer John Myhre, who had only done X-Men, and costume designer Louise Mingenbach —who also did X2 and X-Men Origins: Wolverine.[70][71] In February 2013, John Ottman—who aside from X-Men, collaborated on all of Singer's works since the 1995 film The Usual Suspects—was confirmed to work on the music and the editing of the film.[72]

text: Casting[edit]

text:
"I decided that the next time I got myself involved in a movie that had a huge amount of attention already that I would use Twitter. As a way of connecting with fans, principally. And also as a way of clearing up misunderstandings so that people know. You know, they may hear that an actor is cast or hear somebody is going to be in it, but until I say it's so, that's the confirmation".[73]

—Bryan Singer explaining the Twitter presence of the film.

tag: div

text: Singer used the online social networking service Twitter to announce casting of the film.[73] In November 2012, he announced that James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Jennifer Lawrence and Nicholas Hoult would reprise their roles from X-Men: First Class. Later the same month, he announced that Patrick Stewart and Ian McKellen would reprise their respective roles as the older versions of the characters played by McAvoy and Fassbender.[74][75][76] In December, Singer announced that Hugh Jackman would reprise his role as Wolverine.[77]

text: In January 2013, Singer announced that Anna Paquin, Shawn Ashmore, and Ellen Page would reprise their roles of Rogue, Iceman, and Kitty Pryde.[78][79] In February, Singer announced that Peter Dinklage would star in the film as the main antagonist.[80] In March, Singer announced that French actor Omar Sy had joined the cast.[81] Halle Berry said in an interview that she would reprise her role as Storm, which was followed by an announcement from Singer that Berry would be in the film.[82][83] Singer tweeted a picture of the cast, which confirmed that Daniel Cudmore would return as Colossus and that Fan Bingbing and Booboo Stewart had joined the cast.[84]

text: In April, Singer announced that American singer and songwriter Lady Gaga had joined the cast as Dazzler,[85] but it was later revealed as an April Fools' Day prank.[73] Singer retweeted a photograph of himself, Adan Canto, and confirmed cast members Patrick Stewart, McKellen, and Ashmore, which was followed by a confirmation from Canto that he had joined the cast.[86] In May, Singer announced that Evan Peters had been cast as Quicksilver.[87] In June, Australian actor Josh Helman was cast in a role.[88] In July, Singer tweeted a picture of actor Lucas Till on the set of the film, which confirmed that he was returning as Havok.[89] In January 2014, Evan Jonigkeit had been cast as the younger version of Toad.[90]

text: Filming[edit]

text: X-Men: Days of Future Past had a production budget of $205 million.[3] Principal photography began on April 15, 2013, at Mel's Cité du Cinema in Montreal, Canada, and ended on August 17, 2013.[91][92][93] Filming had to begin in April 2013 to accommodate the cast's individual schedules.[20] Olympic Stadium, Montreal City Hall, and McGill University were also used as filming locations.[94][95] An aerial plate unit was sent to film in Washington, D.C.[69] Additional filming took place in Montreal in November 2013 and February 2014.[96][97] According to the Calgary Herald, the film is the second most expensive produced by 20th Century Fox after Avatar (2009).[98] Comic book writer Chris Claremont said in an interview that he was consulted for the film.[99]

text: X-Men: Days of Future Past is the first X-Men film to be filmed in native 3D; it was shot using Arri Alexa-M cameras with Leica Prime lenses and Fujinon Zoom lenses, along with 3ality Technica TS-35 camera rigs and Stereo Image Processor (SIP) technology systems.[100][101] Director of photography Newton Thomas Sigel was asked about using Arri Alexa-M cameras; he said, "For Bryan and myself, the Alexa has been almost the gateway to getting the look we like in film". Sigel added that the Arri Alexa-M camera's small size was a big advantage to the film's main unit, which carried three 3D rigs. The film also used the Alexa XTs for the production's 2D work.[102]

text: Production designer John Myhre said his work load was "six months squeeze[d] down in to 3-4 months", given the sets were massive but he did not have the usual time to design and build before principal photography began. The lue underground hallways and Cerebro sets were faithful recreations of the sets seen in the first X-Men, albeit ransacked and damaged to imply the government had raided the mansion.[70] The sets had many hidden "Xs", including the staircase of the X-Mansion. Myrhe said he wanted to embrace the 1970s setting in the same way First Class embraced its 1960s setting,[20] and costume designer Louise Mingenbach also drew heavily from 1970s styles for the clothing seen in the 1973 scenes. Hoult wore corduroys, Jackman a wooden-paneled buckle and a peacock-print shirt, and McAvoy wore a brown leather jacket. Peters wore 1981-inspired clothing; this was Mingenbach's way of showing Quicksilver's irreverence for the exact time and place. In one scene, Mingenbach gave Fassbender as the younger Erik Lehnsherr a fedora as a nod to the one the character wore in the first X-Men film.[13] For the future period of the film, Mingenbach wanted a darker, slightly futuristic and tactical look for the characters. This included changing the suit Patrick Stewart had previously worn as Xavier to battle fatigues.[13]

text: The Sentinels had two separate versions, to depict how the earlier prototypes built by Trask in the 1970s evolved into the adaptable killing machines of the dystopian future.[103] Singer described the 1973 version as "a little fun and stylish but also a little retro", with a key element being that they are made of plastic to be unaffected by Magneto's powers. Myhre used styles from molded plastics from the 1970s to design Sentinels from that period,[20] and cited inspiration from both the cars of the decade and "those wonderful TV sets that were round with smoked glass panels". The overall style was bulky to fit "the traditional idea of a robot looks like",[103] and drew the most from the comics version, such as the purple color and a humanoid shape, while trying to stand out on its own with its retro design.[104] The robots' ability to fly was compared to a Harrier Jump Jet, as the Sentinels had vertical takeoff and could glide. Life-sized Sentinels were built by Legacy Effects to be featured on the set, and had articulated joints to be fully poseable. The sound effects averted metallic noises, while adding woof effects on the Sentinels' footsteps to display its weight on the ground.[103]

text: On the other hand, the future Sentinels would resemble "giant versions of Mystique" to show how their technological development was based on studying the shapeshifting mutant's DNA. Thus their design is sleek and feminine, with a body covered in mechanical scales that move during the process of adapting to a mutant's attack, while also featuring angular and dark faces to enhance the intimidation. The future robots would feature what Singer described as "biomechanical technology to transform to adapt to other mutants, to take on their physicality and some of their powers to use against mutantkind", which the director imagined to be fueled by nanotechnology and "the ability to really change things almost at a molecular level". The Sentinels' heads would also open up as an extra weapon, and for straighter combat the robots could create blades and spikes out of their limbs. The crackling sound of the robots' scales was made by rubbing riveted belts on shale rocks.[15][103]

text: For the future setting of the film, a set featuring a hillside monastery was built. Myhre was inspired by Chinese temples built on the sides of cliffs. The future set also featured a mixture of architectural styles from China, India, and Indonesia. Part of the set was a big wall, which was inspired by the Great Wall of China.[104]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: X-Men: Days of Future Past had 1,311 visual effects shots produced by twelve studios. Richard Stammer served as the overall effects supervisor based on his work for Prometheus.[69] The leading company was Moving Picture Company, who created the future Sentinels and worked on the sequences involving the X-Jet and Cerebro's red virtual world.[69] The Sentinels' scaled bodies were created by adapting a tool originally developed to create hair and fur, which would later evolve into creating a proxy representation of each individual scale as a "follicle".[15] Another major contributor was Digital Domain, with effects from the 1973 portion that encompassed nearly a third of the work. These included the Sentinels, Mystique's transformations and eyes, and various digital environments. Digital augmentation turned a remote airstrip into a Vietnam prisoner camp and added Paris' famed mansard rooftops to the Montreal locations. The environment work based on Washington, D.C. required the team to study period references of the National Mall and White House, and photograph almost all of RFK Stadium to create a detailed digital replica.[105] Rising Sun Pictures created a sequence considered by many reviewers the centerpiece of the film's effects, where Quicksilver uses his super speed in the Pentagon kitchen. Depicting how, to a speedster, actions in real time come down to a virtual standstill, objects float around in slow motion. After doing LIDAR scan of the kitchen set, the digital recreation added many computer generated props - cooking gear, cutlery, vegetables and water released by a fire sprinkler system - rendered in near microscopic detail regarding placement and lighting, particularly because the footage had to work in 3D. To simulate Quicksilver running on the walls, Evan Peters and a stunt double were filmed in both the set being suspended by a harness and on a treadmill that stood in front of a chroma key green screen. Only Peters' legs were digitally replaced.[15][106] Despite the sequence only having 29 effects shots,[69] it required nearly seven months of work from RSP's team of 70 artists.[107]

text: Rhythm and Hues Studios worked on Beast's transformations, the creation of Xavier's plane, and speed effects for Quicksilver. They also worked with Digital Domain on the sequence featuring the inside of the 1973 Sentinel. Mokko Studio worked on Mystique's eyes and costume fixes. Cinesite worked on the future New York City in the opening prologue along with clean-ups, wire removals, and production fixes. Fuel VFX worked on holographic effects and Havok's mutant powers. Vision Globale worked on visual effects relating to a dream and flashback sequence. Hydraulx, Lola and Method Studios handled a number of compositions and production fixes. The Third Floor worked on extensive story-boarding and visualisation.[69]

text: Music[edit]

text: Director Bryan Singer’s regular collaborator John Ottman worked on the score of the film, in addition to being its editor.[108] Ottman is the first composer to score more than one film in the X-Men film series, having previously scored X2 (2003). This also marked the first time a theme from a previous X-Men film has been retained; Ottman re-used some of his themes from X2, most notably the main title theme. While Ottman retained the same style of "lyrical and build upon character themes that would weave in and out of the film and done in a straight orchestral sense" that he had used in X2, following Singer's request he tried to compose "something more 'modern'" that could be compared to other contemporary superhero scores, and not follow Henry Jackman' score for First Class. The 1970s setting inspired the inclusion of "synthesized elements with some analog synths and electric piano and bass and some guitar".[109] The film score was released on digital download on May 16, 2014, on CD on May 26, 2014, and on vinyl on August 4, 2014.[110][111][112] The Rogue Cut also got a soundtrack album, released on July 10, 2015, by Sony Classical Records.[113]

text:
X-Men: Days of Future Past (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Film score by John Ottman

Released
May 26, 2014 (2014-05-26)

Genre
Film score

Length
76:28

Label
Sony Classical

John Ottman chronology

Non-Stop
(2014)Non-Stop2014
X-Men: Days of Future Past
(2014)
Krampus
(2015)Krampus2015

X-Men soundtrack chronology

The Wolverine
(2013) The Wolverine2013
X-Men: Days of Future Past
(2014) X-Men: Days of Future Past2014
Deadpool
(2016) Deadpool2016

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"The Future – Main Titles"
2:44

2.
"Time's Up"
4:18

3.
"Hope (Xavier's Theme)"
4:48

4.
"I Found Them"
2:52

5.
"Saigon/Logan Arrives"
4:36

6.
"Pentagon Plan/Sneaky Mystique"
3:25

7.
"He Lost Everything"
1:51

8.
"Springing Erik"
3:33

9.
"How Was She"
1:47

10.
"All Those Voices"
3:19

11.
"Paris Pandemonium"
7:45

12.
"Contacting Raven"
1:48

13.
"Rules of Time"
3:07

14.
"Hat Rescue"
1:30

15.
"Time's Up" (Film Version)
3:34

16.
"The Attack Begins"
5:04

17.
"Join Me"
3:20

18.
"Do What You Were Made For"
2:56

19.
"I Have Faith in You/Goodbyes"
2:27

20.
"Welcome Back/End Titles"
3:58

21.
"Time in a Bottle" (Performed by Jim Croce)
2:27

22.
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" (Performed by Roberta Flack)
5:20

Total length:
76:28

text: Release[edit]

text: The world premiere of X-Men: Days of Future Past occurred at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York City on May 10, 2014.[114][115] It was released in international markets in 2D and 3D theaters on May 21, 2014, and in the United States on May 23, 2014.[5] Premiere events were also held in London, Beijing, Moscow, Singapore, São Paulo, Melbourne, and Tokyo.[116]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In June 2013, 20th Century Fox presented a set tour video of X-Men: Days of Future Past at the CineEurope conference in Barcelona; director Bryan Singer acted as the tour guide.[117] The set tour video was included with the home video release of the 2013 film The Wolverine.[118] In July 2013, Singer, writer Simon Kinberg, producers Lauren Shuler Donner and Hutch Parker, together with cast members Jennifer Lawrence, Evan Peters, Omar Sy, Ellen Page, Shawn Ashmore, Anna Paquin, Halle Berry, Ian McKellen, Patrick Stewart, Hugh Jackman, James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Nicholas Hoult, and Peter Dinklage presented at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International. Footage from the film was screened.[119] In August 2013, Singer presented footage from the film at the Fantasia International Film Festival.[120] In March 2014, 20th Century Fox presented footage from the film at CinemaCon.[121] In April 2014, Page presented footage from the film at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards. Kinberg and Dinklage attended WonderCon to discuss the film.[122][123] Singer withdrew from the publicity rounds for the film because of a lawsuit alleging sexual abuse filed against him.[124] In July 2014, 20th Century Fox and Oculus Rift presented a "virtual reality experience" in 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International. Attendees were given a chance to sit in a replica of Professor X's wheelchair and virtually hunt Mystique in the San Diego Convention Center.[125]

text: In July 2013, a mid-credits scene teasing X-Men: Days of Future Past was attached to the theatrical release of The Wolverine.[126] The scene, set two years after the events of The Wolverine, depicts Wolverine going through an airport security checkpoint while a commercial for Trask Industries plays in the background. Suddenly, Wolverine notices that all the metal objects around him start to shake and levitate. He turns around to see Magneto, who says he needs Wolverine's help to combat a threat to all mutants. When Wolverine asks Magneto why he should trust him, the people around them freeze as Xavier approaches Wolverine and assures him that Magneto is telling the truth. Adam Pockross of Yahoo! Movies described the mid-credits scene as the coolest part of The Wolverine and wrote, "Boom! And that's how you tease the next film: by giving us so much to chew on, yet so few answers".[127]

text: The first official trailer for X-Men: Days of Future Past was released in October 2013.[128] Jason Callina of Herald News gave the trailer a positive response, saying, "it is fantastic to see characters that I grew up with in the flesh ... we still have to wait till the end of May to see if Fox succeeded, but for now they have my interest".[129] Ben Child of The Guardian criticized the trailer for the number of characters that will appear in the film. Child wrote, "overloading the movie with superheroes might please fans of the comic books, but the rest of us will be chewing on our own spleens when the umpteenth brightly coloured dude turns up to spout one line of dialogue, then drop off the map".[130]

text: A mid-credits scene teasing X-Men: Days of Future Past was attached to the theatrical release of The Amazing Spider-Man 2 in April 2014. In the scene, which is set during the Vietnam War, Mystique tries to infiltrate a military camp led by William Stryker to recruit fellow mutants Havok, Ink, and Toad. The Amazing Spider-Man 2 director Marc Webb had an existing contract with Fox Searchlight Pictures to direct another film following 500 Days of Summer (2009). After The Amazing Spider-Man, Webb's negotiations with Sony Pictures Entertainment stalled because of his commitment to Fox. Fox eventually agreed to allow Webb to direct the sequel of The Amazing Spider-Man, and in exchange, Sony promoted the X-Men film without charge.[131] In addition, three viral websites were launched before the release of the film—Trask-Industries.com in July 2013, TheBentBullet.com in November 2013 and 25Moments.com in April 2014.[132][133][134] To further promote the film, Jackman made a guest appearance on the April 28, 2014, episode of WWE Raw.[135][136][137] The segment received mixed reactions.[138]

text: Promotional partners[edit]

text: In July 2013, CKE Restaurant Holdings, Inc. and 20th Century Fox announced a promotional partnership for the theatrical release of X-Men: Days of Future Past. The promotion included advertising, in-restaurant merchandising, collectors' cups, and a film-themed burger—The Western "X-Tra" Bacon Thickburger[139] sold it CKE Restaurants outlets Hardee's and Carl's Jr.. Zachary Eller, senior vice president of marketing partnerships & promotions at 20th Century Fox, said, "their fun and irreverent advertising campaigns are a great fit with our film and we couldn't be more thrilled to join together to feed mutants everywhere!".[140]

text: Mountain Dew partnered with the film to promote it globally; the promotion included prizes, a television commercial, online exclusives, in-store and in-theater advertisements, and commemorative packaging featuring X-Men characters from future and past. Anna Roca, senior vice president of international promotions at 20th Century Fox, stated, "The adventurous, energetic attitude of [Mountain Dew's] fan base mirrors the franchise's own—and their international reach helps bring our beloved mutants to more corners of the world than ever before".[141]

text: In March 2014, Virgin Trains launched an 11-car Pendolino train, which featured the film characters on the carriages, at London's Euston station to promote the film. Hugh Jackman and James McAvoy attended the launch.[142]

text: Kia Motors collaborated with 20th Century Fox to promote the home media release of the film with a Wolverine-themed Sorento. The SUV made its debut at the 2015 Australian Open, with a series of videos featuring Rafael Nadal teaming up with the X-Men to save the tennis event from the Sentinels.[143]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In June 2014, cable network FX acquired the television rights to X-Men: Days of Future Past.[144] The film was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on digital download on September 23, 2014, and on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on October 14, 2014.[145] In the United Kingdom, it was released on November 10, 2014.[146] Three versions were released; a Deluxe Edition containing the Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray and digital download; a Blu-ray and digital download combo pack; and a single-disc DVD.[145]

text: The Rogue Cut[edit]

text: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released an alternate version of the film, titled The Rogue Cut, on July 14, 2015. It added 17 minutes of previously unused footage, including a subplot involving Anna Paquin's character Rogue, whose role was reduced to a brief cameo in the theatrical release.[147] The Rogue Cut was also screened at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International.[148]

text: In the Rogue Cut, Rogue's role is more consequential, and the narrative is more complex: When Kitty Pryde is accidentally wounded after Wolverine's consciousness experiences a phase between past and future from seeing Stryker in 1973, Bobby Drake (Iceman) proposes breaking into the heavily guarded remains of Cerebro at the former X-Mansion, the one place where Xavier's mind cannot reach others from the outside, in order to rescue Rogue, who is being held captive there. Xavier, Magneto, and Iceman succeed in rescuing Rogue, but at the cost of Iceman's life. Rogue uses her power to take over for Kitty in regards to keeping Wolverine's mind in 1973, for the remaining time until the moment history is changed, with a suggestion that Wolverine is aware of the switch as he appears to feel Rogue's presence. The Sentinels are able to find the X-Men through a tracking device inside a Sentinel's hand that was severed from the X-Jet during their escape. In another scene, Mystique visits the X-Mansion at night, revisits her previous romance with Beast, and destroys Cerebro the next morning in order to prevent Xavier from finding her. A new mid-credits scene shows Bolivar Trask imprisoned at the Pentagon cell for selling military secrets to foreign countries.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Worldwide, X-Men: Days of Future Past earned $262.8 million during its opening weekend, the highest worldwide opening weekend for an X-Men film.[149] The film grossed $233.9 million in the USA & Canada and $513.9 million in other markets for a worldwide gross of $747.9 million, making it the highest-grossing entry in the X-Men film series before being surpassed by Deadpool two years later.[5]

text: In the United States and Canada, the film earned $8.1 million from Thursday night showings, which is the highest late night opening for an X-Men film.[150] It was also the highest-grossing film during its opening weekend, earning $90.8 million, which made it the second-highest opening weekend of the series, at the time, behind X-Men: The Last Stand ($102.8 million).[151] During the four-day Memorial Day weekend, it earned $110.6 million.[151] The audience was 56% male and 59% were older than 25.[151]

text: Elsewhere, the film was the highest-grossing film during its opening weekend, taking $172 million, making it Fox International's highest opening weekend.[152] The film's highest-grossing debuts were in China, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta.[153] It was also the highest-grossing debut for a 20th Century Fox film in 11 markets, including South Korea, Brazil, the Philippines, and India.[151] It became the highest-grossing X-Men film in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Lebanon, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Singapore, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom & Ireland, and Venezuela.[153] [154][155][156][157][158][159]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes X-Men: Days of Future Past has an approval rating of 90% based on 296 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "X-Men: Days of Future Past combines the best elements of the series to produce a satisfyingly fast-paced outing that ranks among the franchise's finest installments".[160] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 74 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[161] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[151]

text: Sean O'Connell of Cinema Blend gave the film four and a half stars out of five, and said it was "the greatest, most complete and staggeringly entertaining [X-Men film] to date".[162] Empire gave it four out of five stars and called it, "The best X-Men film since the second one".[163] Steve Rose of The Guardian rated the film three stars out of five; he said, "Non-devotees might struggle, but director Bryan Singer whips up the action towards a symphonic climax".[164] David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter said, "While it's more dramatically diffuse than the reboot and lacks a definitive villain, the new film is shot through with a stirring reverence for the Marvel Comics characters and their universe".[165] Justin Chang of Variety said, "If the characters' quandaries at times feel overly circumscribed, they're also advanced with a bracing emotional directness, devoid of either cynicism or sentimentalism, that touches genuine chords of feeling over the course of the film’s fleet 130-minute [sic] running time".[166] In 2016, James Charisma of Playboy ranked the film #8 on a list of 15 Sequels That Are Way Better Than The Originals.[167]

text: In contrast, Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph rated the film two stars out of five and called the plot "a curate's egg, thoroughly scrambled". He concluded, "The film squanders both of its casts, reeling from one fumbled set-piece to the next. It seems to have been constructed in a stupor, and you watch in a daze of future past".[168] Simon Abrams, writing for RogerEbert.com, gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it a "visually driven and paint-by-numbers-plot". Abrams was critical of the undeveloped subplots that built up because the film's pacing left little time to develop each element of the story set in the 1970s.[169]

text: Following criticism of X-Men: The Last Stand for killing off major characters such as Professor Charles Xavier, Cyclops, and Jean Grey, X-Men: Days of Future Past has subsequently been viewed by some critics as a revision of those controversial plot elements in X-Men: The Last Stand.[170]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
Ref.

2014
Golden Trailer Awards
Best Summer 2014 Blockbuster Trailer
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Nominated
[171]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Nominated
[172][173]

Choice Movie Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Halle Berry
Nominated

Choice Movie: Villain
Michael Fassbender
Nominated

Choice Movie: Scene Stealer
Nicholas Hoult
Nominated

Ellen Page
Nominated

Young Hollywood Awards
Best Cast Chemistry – Film
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Nominated
[175]

Favorite Flick
Nominated

Fan Favorite Actor – Female
Jennifer Lawrence
Nominated

Super Superhero
Nicholas Hoult
Nominated

2015
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Nominated
[176]

Favorite Action Movie
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture
Nominated
[177]

AACTA Awards
Best Visual Effects
Nominated
[178]

Visual Effects Society Awards
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects Driven Photoreal/Live Action Feature Motion Picture
Ricard Stammers, Blondel Aidoo, Lou Pecora, Anders Landlangs, Cameron Waldbauer
Nominated
[179]

Outstanding Virtual Cinematography in a Photoreal/Live Action Feature Motion Picture
Austin Bonang, Casey Schatz, Dennis Jones, Newton Thomas Sigel for the "Kitchen Scene"
Won

Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal/Live Action Feature Motion Picture
Adam Paschke, Premamurti Paetsch, Sam Hancock, Timmy Lundin for "Quicksilver Pentagon Kitchen"
Won

British Academy Film Awards
Best Special Visual Effects
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Nominated
[180]

Academy Awards
Best Visual Effects
Nominated
[181]

Saturn Awards
Best Comic-to-Film Motion Picture
Nominated
[182]

Best Director
Bryan Singer
Nominated

Best Editing
John Ottman
Nominated

Best Costume
Louise Mingenbach
Nominated

Best Make-up
Adrien Morot, Norma Hill-Patton
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Female Action Star
Halle Berry
Nominated
[183]

Ellen Page
Nominated

Favorite Male Action Star
Hugh Jackman
Nominated

Favorite Movie Actor
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards
Best Villain
Peter Dinklage
Nominated
[184]

Empire Awards
Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy
X-Men: Days of Future Past
Won
[185]

2016
Saturn Awards
Best DVD/BD Special Edition
X-Men: Days of Future Past (The Rogue Cut)
Won
[186]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In December 2013, Singer announced X-Men: Apocalypse, an X-Men film acting as a sequel to X-Men: Days of Future Past.[187] Singer directed from a script by Simon Kinberg, Dan Harris, and Michael Dougherty.[188] Kinberg said it would take place in 1983 and would also complete a trilogy that began with X-Men: First Class. Released in 2016, Apocalypse features the ancient mutant En Sabah Nur, who was introduced in the Days of Future Past post-credits scene,[6] awakening in the 1980s and deciding to destroy modern civilization and take over the world.[60][189] Jennifer Lawrence, James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Nicholas Hoult, Evan Peters, Lucas Till and Hugh Jackman reprise their roles, along with Rose Byrne, who returned as Moira MacTaggert from X-Men: First Class.[190] Filming began in April 2015 in Montreal, Quebec for a May 27, 2016, release.[187][191]


document_title: Mikhail Baryshnikov

question_text: who plays aleksandr petrovsky in sex and the city

root

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov

text: Early life[edit]

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga, then Latvian SSR, Soviet Union, now Latvia.[3] His parents were Russians: Alexandra (a dressmaker; née Kiselyova) and Nikolay Baryshnikov (an engineer). His mother committed suicide, when he was in his early teens.[4]

tag: p

text: He began his ballet studies in Riga in 1960, at the age of 11. In 1964, he entered the Vaganova School, in what was then in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition. He joined the Mariinsky Ballet, which was then called the Kirov Ballet, in 1967, dancing the "Peasant" pas de deux in Giselle.

text: Recognizing Mikhail Baryshnikov's talent, in particular the strength of his stage presence and purity of his classical technique, several Soviet choreographers, including Oleg Vinogradov, Konstantin Sergeyev, Igor Tchernichov, and Leonid Jakobson, choreographed ballets for him. Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobson's 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle.[5] While still in the Soviet Union, he was called by New York Times critic Clive Barnes "the most perfect dancer I have ever seen."

text: Defection to Canada[edit]

text: On June 29, 1974, while on tour in Canada with the Mariinsky Ballet, Mikhail Baryshnikov defected, requesting political asylum in Toronto, and joined the Royal Winnipeg Ballet.[6][7] He also announced to the dance world he would not go back to the USSR. He later stated that Christina Berlin, an American friend of his, helped engineer his defection during his 1970 tour of London. His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide. He then went on to the United States.[8] In December 1975, he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena.

text: Principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre[edit]

text: From 1974 to 1978, Mikhail Baryshnikov was a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre (ABT), where he partnered with Gelsey Kirkland.[9]

text: Principal dancer with the New York City Ballet[edit]

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979.[10]

text: On July 8, 1978, he made his debut with George Balanchine's and Lincoln Kirstein's company at Saratoga Springs, appearing as Franz in Coppélia. On Oct. 12, 1979, Mr. Baryshnikov danced the role of the Poet in Mr. Balanchine's ballet, “La Sonnambula” with the City Ballet at the Kennedy Center in Washington.

text: This was Mikhail Baryshnikov's last performance with New York City Ballet due to a tendinitis and other injuries. His tenure there coincided with a period of ill health for him that followed an earlier heart attack and culminated in successful heart surgery in June 1979. Mikhail Baryshnikov left the company because he was going to leave anyway to become artistic director of American Ballet Theater on 1 September 1980, and now needed time off because of his injuries.[10] The parting was, by all accounts, a friendly one.

text: On stage as a dancer[edit]

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov worked with George Balanchine and as a regular guest artist with the Royal Ballet.

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov also toured with ballet and modern dance companies around the world for fifteen months. Several roles were created for him, including roles Opus 19: The Dreamer (1979), by Jerome Robbins, Rhapsody (1980), by Frederick Ashton, and Other Dances with Natalia Makarova by Jerome Robbins.

text: Artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre[edit]

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov returned to ABT in September 1980 as an artistic director, a position he held for nearly a decade. He still performed as a dancer as well.[10] In 1989, he quit in anger after they fired his right-hand man Charles France.

text: Citizenship[edit]

text: On July 3, 1986, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.[11] From 1990 to 2002, Baryshnikov was artistic director of the White Oak Dance Project, a touring company he co-founded with Mark Morris. In 2003, he won the Prix Benois de la Danse for lifetime achievement. In 2005 he launched the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York. In 2012, Baryshnikov received the Vilcek Prize in Dance.[12]

text: On April 27, 2017, Baryshnikov was granted citizenship by the Republic of Latvia for extraordinary merits.[13] The application to the Latvian parliament along with a letter from Baryshnikov in which he expressed his wish to become a citizen of what today constitutes his native country was submitted on December 21, 2016. He stated that the decision was based on memories of his first 16 years living in Latvia, which provided the basis for the rest of his life. "It was there that my exposure to the arts led me to discover my future destiny as a performer. Riga still serves as a place where I find artistic inspiration," Baryshnikov wrote in the letter to the Latvian parliament.[14]

text: Reputation as a dancer[edit]

text: Baryshnikov's talent was obvious from his youth, but being 5 ft 5in (165 cm) tall,[15] maybe 5 ft 6in (168 cm),[16] thus, shorter than most dancers, he could not tower over a ballerina en pointe and was therefore relegated to secondary parts. More frustrating to him, the Soviet dance world hewed closely to 19th-century traditions and deliberately shunned the creative choreographers of the West, whose work Baryshnikov glimpsed in occasional tours and films. Mikhail Baryshnikov's main goal in leaving the Soviet Union was to work with these innovators.

text: In the first two years after his defection, he danced for no fewer than 13 different choreographers, including Jerome Robbins, Glen Tetley, Alvin Ailey, and Twyla Tharp.

text: "It doesn't matter if every ballet is a success or not," he told New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff in 1976, "The new experience gives me a lot." He cited his fascination with the ways Ailey mixed classical and modern technique and his initial discomfort when Tharp insisted he incorporate eccentric personal gestures in the dance.

text: In 1978, he abandoned his freelance career to spend 18 months as a principal of the New York City Ballet, run by the legendary George Balanchine.

text: "Mr. B," as he was known, rarely welcomed guest artists and had refused to work with both Nureyev and Makarova. Baryshnikov's decision to devote his full attentions to the New York company stunned the dance world. Balanchine never created a new work for Baryshnikov, though he did coach the young dancer in his distinctive style, and Baryshnikov triumphed in such signature roles as Apollo, The Prodigal Son, and Rubies.

text: Jerome Robbins did, however, create Opus 19/The Dreamer for Baryshnikov and NYCB favorite Patricia McBride.[17][18]

text: In 1980, he became Artistic Director of American Ballet Theatre and his role changed from performer to director. However, in 1989, he left when the company went behind his back and fired his second-in-command Charles France.

text: Nevertheless, Mikhail Baryshnikov's fascination with the new has stood him in good stead. As he observed, "It doesn't matter how high you lift your leg. The technique is about transparency, simplicity and making an earnest attempt.”[19]

text: The White Oak Project was formed to create original work for older dancers. In a run ending just short of his 60th birthday in 2007, he appeared in a production of four short plays by Samuel Beckett staged by avant-garde director JoAnne Akalaitis.

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999.[20] In 2000, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.[21]

text: He has received three Honorary Degrees: on May 11, 2006, from New York University; on September 28, 2007, from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University; and on May 23, 2008, from Montclair State University.

text: For the duration of the 2006 Summer, Mikhail Baryshnikov went on tour with Hell's Kitchen Dance, which was sponsored by the Baryshnikov Arts Center. Featuring works by Baryshnikov Arts Center residents Azsure Barton and Benjamin Millepied, the company toured the United States and Brazil.

text: In late August 2007, Baryshnikov performed Mats Ek's Place (original Swedish title, Ställe) with Ana Laguna at Dansens Hus in Stockholm.

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov has performed in Israel three times: in 1996, when he appeared with the White Oak Dance Project at the Roman amphitheater in Caesarea; in 2010, when he performed with Ana Laguna; and in 2011, when he starred in nine performances of "In Paris" at the Suzanne Dellal Center in Tel Aviv. In an interview to Haaretz newspaper in 2011, he expressed his opposition to artistic boycotts of Israel and described the enthusiasm of Israeli contemporary dance as astounding.[22]

text: Film and television[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov made his American television dancing debut in 1976, on the PBS program In Performance Live from Wolf Trap. The program is currently distributed on DVD by Kultur Video.

text: During the Christmas season of 1977, CBS brought his highly acclaimed American Ballet Theatre production of Tchaikovsky's classic ballet The Nutcracker to television, and it has remained to this day the most popular and most often shown television production of the work, at least in the U.S. In addition to Baryshnikov in the title role, Gelsey Kirkland, Alexander Minz, and many members of the American Ballet Theatre also starred. The production was videotaped in Canada. After being shown a few times by CBS, it moved to PBS, where it was shown annually every Christmas season for many years, and still is by some PBS stations. It was first released on DVD by MGM/UA.[23] The remastered DVD of the performance, issued by Kultur Video in 2004,[24] is a bestseller during the Christmas season. The DVD has now been released in the UK by Digital Classics.[25]

text: Although Tchaikovsky's ballet has been presented on TV many times in many different versions, the Baryshnikov version is one of only two to be nominated for an Emmy Award. The other one was Mark Morris' "The Hard Nut", Morris's intentionally exaggerated and satirical version of the ballet.

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov also performed in two Emmy-winning television specials, one on ABC and one on CBS, in which he danced to music from Broadway and Hollywood, respectively. During the 1970s and 1980s, he appeared many times with American Ballet Theatre on Live from Lincoln Center and Great Performances. Over the years, he has also appeared on several telecasts of the Kennedy Center Honors.

text: Baryshnikov performed in his first film role soon after arriving in New York. He portrayed the character Yuri Kopeikine, a famous Russian womanizing ballet dancer, in the 1977 film The Turning Point, for which he received an Oscar nomination. He co-starred with Gregory Hines and Isabella Rossellini in the 1985 film White Nights, choreographed by Twyla Tharp; and he was featured in the 1987 film Dancers. On television, in the last season of Sex and the City, he played a Russian artist, Aleksandr Petrovsky, who woos Carrie Bradshaw relentlessly and takes her to Paris. He co-starred in Company Business (1991) with Gene Hackman.

text: On November 2, 2006, Mikhail Baryshnikov and chef Alice Waters were featured on an episode of the Sundance Channel's original series Iconoclasts. The two have a long friendship. They discussed their lifestyles, sources of inspiration, and social projects that make them unique. During the program, Alice Waters visited Baryshnikov's Arts Center in New York City. The Hell's Kitchen Dance tour brought him to Berkeley to visit Alice Waters' restaurant Chez Panisse. On July 17, 2007, the PBS News Hour with Jim Lehrer featured a profile of Baryshnikov and his Arts Center. Baryshnikov appears, uncredited, in the 2014 film Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit as Interior Minister Sorokin.[26]

text: In a continuation of his interest in modern dance, Mikhail Baryshnikov appeared in 2015 in a three-and-a-half minute commercial for the clothing designer Rag & Bone along with the street dance artist Lil Buck with both performing dance roles.[27]

text: On stage as an actor[edit]

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov is a performer in avant-garde theater. His breakthrough performance in Broadway was back in 1989 when he played Gregor Samsa in Metamorphosis, an adaption of Franz Kafka's novel by the same name. His debut earned him a Tony award.[28]

text: In 2004, he appeared in Forbidden Christmas or The Doctor And The Patient at New York City's Lincoln Center, and in 2007 in Beckett Shorts at New York Theatre Workshop.[29]

text: On April 11–21, 2012, Mikhail Baryshnikov starred in a new play directed by Dmitry Krymov, titled In Paris. The play was presented in the Santa Monica College Performing Arts Center, at the Broad Stage. His co-star was Anna Sinyakina.

text: He then appeared in the stage adaptation of Anton Chekhov’s Man in a Case.[30] As he said:

text: "I grew up reading Chekhov's stories and plays. I have wanted to explore a Chekhov story for the stage for some time and I'm delighted to bring Man in a Case to Berkeley Rep. Both tales are about solitary men and their self-imposed restrictions. We know very little about the character in the first story, 'Man in a Case,' except that he teaches classical Greek and he's kind of eccentric and conservative. But then something happens to him that is unexpected. The second story, 'About Love,' provides an arresting contrast to the first work. At their core both stories are about love. And I think it's a romantic show in many respects that is perfect for Berkeley Rep's audience."

text: Mikhail Baryshnikov.[31]

text: On April 21, 2015, The New York Times reported that Baryshnikov was scheduled to perform a reading of the Nobel Laureate poet Joseph Brodsky in Baryshnikov's native Riga in 2015.[32] The performance was called “Brodsky/Baryshnikov,” was performed in the original Russian, and had its premiere in Riga on Oct. 15, 2015. Its international tour began in Tel Aviv in January 2016 and it was later staged in New York City in March, 2016, still in the original Russian. Mr. Baryshnikov met Mr. Brodsky in 1974, soon after the poet had been forced by the Soviet authorities to leave his home country and had moved to the United States, and remained close to him until his (Brodsky's) death in 1996."[32]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Baryshnikov has a daughter, Aleksandra 'Shura' Baryshnikova (born 1981), from his relationship with actress Jessica Lange. When Baryshnikov and Lange met, he spoke very little English; they communicated in French instead.[citation needed] He eventually learned English by watching television.[33]

text: Baryshnikov is in a long-term relationship with former ballerina Lisa Rinehart. They have three children together: Peter (born July 7, 1989), Anna (born May 22, 1992), and Sofia (born May 24, 1994). Though he told Larry King in 2002 that he did not "believe in marriage in the conventional way",[33] he and Rinehart legally married in 2006.[34]

text: Repertory as a dancer[edit]

text:
Franz in Coppélia
Albrecht in Giselle

tag: ul

text: Awards[edit]

text:
1966 Varna International Ballet Competition (gold medal, junior division)[35]
1969 Moscow International Ballet Competition (gold medal)[36]
1969 Nijinsky Prize, Paris Academy of Dance, for performance in Vestris.
1977 Academy Award nomination for best supporting actor, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for The Turning Point.
1977 Golden Globe nomination for best supporting actor, Academy of Foreign Film Press for The Turning Point.
1978 Award from Dance magazine.
1979 D.F.A. from Yale University.
2000 Kennedy Center Honor.
2004 Jerome Robbins Prize.
2005 National Arts Award.
2006 George and Judy Marcus Prize for Lifetime Achievement.
2006 Honorary degree from New York University.
2007 Honorary degree from Shenandoah University Conservatory.
2008 Honorary degree from Montclair State University.

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film Appearances[edit]

text:
Yuri Kopeikine, The Turning Point, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1977[37]
When I Think of Russia, 1980
Narrator, That's Dancing!, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, 1985
Nikolai Rodchenko, White Nights, Columbia, 1985
Anton Sergeyev, Dancers (also known as Giselle), Golan-Globus/Cannon, 1987
Pyotr Grushenko, Company Business, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/Pathe, 1991
Cesar, The Cabinet of Dr. Ramirez, 1991
Russian Holiday (also known as Russian Roulette--Video--1994), 1992
Le mystere Babilee, 2001

text: Film Choreographer[edit]

text:
"Aurora's Wedding" and "Le corsaire" segments, The Turning Point, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1977
Additional choreography, White Nights, Columbia, 1985
"Giselle" segments, Dancers (also known as Giselle), Golan-Globus/Cannon, 1987

text: Television Appearances[edit]

text: Specials

text:
In Performance at Wolf Trap, An Evening with Mikhail Baryshnikov, PBS, 1976
Albrecht, "Giselle," Live from Lincoln Center, PBS, 1977
Title role, The Nutcracker, CBS, 1977
The 32nd Annual Tony Awards, 1978
"Theme and Variations," Live from Lincoln Center, PBS, 1978
Don Quixote, PBS, 1978
"American Ballet Theatre at the Metropolitan Opera House," Live from Lincoln Center, 1978
"Choreography by Balanchine: Part IV," Dance in America, 1979
Baryshnikov at the White House, PBS, 1979
Bob Hope Special: Bob Hope on the Road to China, NBC, 1979
Host, IBM Presents Baryshnikov on Broadway, ABC and PBS, 1980
The Kennedy Center Honors, 1980, 1981, 1983
Walt Disney ... One Man's Dream, 1981
"An Evening with American Ballet Theatre," Live from Lincoln Center, 1981
The American Film Institute Salute to Fred Astaire, 1981
Host, Baryshnikov in Hollywood, CBS, 1982
Dance in America: Baryshnikov by Tharp with American Ballet Theatre, PBS, 1984
Basilio, Don Quixote, 1984
The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, CBS, 1985
The American Film Institute Salute to Gene Kelly, CBS, 1985
The 50th Presidential Inaugural Gala, ABC, 1985
"Live from Lincoln Center," Great Performances, PBS, 1985
Liberty Weekend, ABC, 1986
The 58th Annual Academy Awards Presentation, ABC, 1986
"Celebrating Gershwin," Great Performances, PBS, 1987
"Dance in America: David Gordon's Made in U.S.A.," Great Performances, PBS, 1987
All-Star Gala at Ford's Theater, ABC, 1987
Poet, "La sonnambula," "Balanchine and Cunningham: An Evening at AmericanBallet Theatre," Great Performances, PBS, 1988
The Presidential Inaugural Gala, CBS, 1989
From the Heart ... The First International Very Special Arts Festival, NBC, 1989
Dancer, "Who Cares?" and "Apollo," "Dance in America: Baryshnikov DancesBalanchine with American Ballet Theatre," Great Performances, PBS, 1989
American Tribute to Vaclav Havel and a Celebration of Democracy in Czechoslovakia, PBS, 1990
The Nicholas Brothers: We Sing and We Dance, Arts and Entertainment, 1992
Dancer, "Zoetrope," "Great Performances' 20th Anniversary Special," Great Performances, PBS, 1992
"Martha Graham: The Dancer Revealed," American Masters, PBS, 1994
Interviewee, "Danny Kaye: A Legacy of Laughter," American Masters, PBS, 1996
53rd Presidential Inaugural Gala, CBS, 1997
Honoree, The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, CBS, 2000
Merce Cunningham: A Lifetime of Dance (documentary), PBS, 2001
(In archive footage) Bourne to Dance (documentary), Channel 4, 2001

text: Also appeared in "Prodigal Son," "The Steadfast Tin Soldier," "Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux," and "Other Dances," all Dance in America, PBS; Baryshnikov: The Dancer and the Dance, PBS; and Carmen, on French television.

text: Series

text:
The Magic of Dance, 1982
Host, Stories from My Childhood (also known as Mikhail Baryshnikov's Stories from My Childhood), 1997

text: Television Work Series

text: Producer, Stories from My Childhood (also known as Mikhail Baryshnikov's Stories from My Childhood), 1997

text: Television Artistic Director Specials

text: Dance in America: Baryshnikov by Tharp with the American Ballet Theatre, PBS, 1984

text: Television Choreographer Specials

text:
The Nutcracker, CBS, 1977
"Celebrating Gershwin," Great Performances, PBS, 1987


document_title: Cabinet of Malawi

question_text: who is the current minister of transport in malawi

text: Cabinet of Malawi

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2017)

text:
Malawi

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Malawi

Constitution[show]

Human rights

Government[show]

President (list)

Peter Mutharika

Vice-President

Saulos Chilima

Cabinet

Legislature[show]

National Assembly

Speaker: Richard Msowoya

Elections[show]

General

1964 1971 1976 1978 1983 1987 1992 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014

Referendums

1993

Political parties

Administrative divisions[show]

Regions
Districts

Foreign relations[show]

Minister of Foreign Affairs
Diplomatic missions

of Malawi
to Malawi

Passport

Visa requirements

National symbols[show]

Flag
Anthem

Other countries
Atlas

v
t
e

text: The Cabinet of Malawi is the executive branch of the government, made up of the President, Vice President, Ministers and Deputy Ministers responsible for the different departments.[1]

text: Current Cabinet[edit]

text:
Party key

Democratic Progressive Party

United Democratic Front

text:
Cabinet of Malawi: June 2014 – Present[2]

Portrait
Portfolio
Incumbent
Term began

President
Minister of Defence
Commander-in-chief of the Armed and Police forces

H.E. Peter Mutharika
31 May 2014 –

Vice President
Minister for Civil Service

Rt. Hon. Saulos Chilima
31 May 2014 –

Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation

Hon. Allan Chiyembekeza MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Education, Science and Technology

Hon. Emmanuel Fabiano MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development

Hon. Goodall Gondwe
06 June 2014 –

Minister of Foreign Affairs and International cooperation

Hon. George Chaponda MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare

Hon. Patricia Kaliati MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Health

Hon. Peter Kumpalume MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Home Affairs

Hon. Paul Chibingu MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Information, Tourism and Civic Education

Hon. Kondwani Nankhumwa MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs

Hon. Samuel Tembenu
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Labour

Hon. Henry Mussa MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development

Hon. Bright Msaka
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Local Government and Rural Development

Hon. Trasizio Gowelo MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining

Hon. Atupele Muluzi MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Trade and Industry

Hon. Joseph Mwanamveka MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Transport and Public works

Hon. Francis Kasaila MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Youth, Sports and Culture

Hon. Grace Chiumia MP
19 June 2014 –

Deputy Ministers

Deputy Minister of Defence

Hon. Jappie Mhango MP
23 June 2014 –

Deputy Minister of Education Science and Technology

Hon. Vincent Ghambi MP
23 June 2014 –


document_title: List of Indian Premier League records and statistics

question_text: who won the most matches in ipl 2008

question_tokens: who won the most matches in ipl 2008

text: Team records

text: Results summary

text:
Team
Span
Mat
Won
Lost
Tie+W
Tie+L
NR
Win %
Titles

Mumbai Indians
2008–2017
157
91
65
1
0
0
58.28
3

Royal Challengers Bangalore
2008–2017
153
72
76
1
1
3
48.66
0

Kolkata Knight Riders
2008–2017
148
77
69
0
2
0
52.70
2

Kings XI Punjab
2008–2017
148
68
78
2
0
0
46.62
0

Delhi Daredevils
2008–2017
147
62
82
0
1
2
43.10
0

Chennai Super Kings
2008–2015
132
79
51
0
1
1
60.68
2

Rajasthan Royals
2008–2015
118
61
53
2
1
1
53.41
1

Sunrisers Hyderabad
2013–2017
76
41
34
1
0
0
54.60
1

Deccan Chargers
2008–2012
75
29
46
0
0
0
38.66
1

Pune Warriors India
2011–2013
46
12
33
0
0
1
26.66
0

Rising Pune Supergiants
2016–2017
30
15
15
0
0
0
50.00
0

Gujarat Lions
2016–2017
30
13
16
0
1
0
45.00
0

Kochi Tuskers Kerala
2011–2011
14
6
8
0
0
0
42.85
0

text: Note:

text:
Defunct Teams
Tie+W and Tie+L indicates matches tied and then won or lost by "Super Over"
The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties (irrespective of a tiebreaker) as half a win
The total matches does not include matches played for Champions League T20

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Highest totals

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

7002264166666666669♠263/5 [a]
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors India
2013

248/3
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Gujarat Lions
2016

7002247166666666670♠246/5
Chennai Super Kings
Rajasthan Royals
2010

7002241166666666670♠240/5
Chennai Super Kings
Kings XI Punjab
2008

7002235166666666670♠235/1
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Mumbai Indians
2015

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Lowest totals

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

7001680909090909090♠49
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Kolkata Knight Riders
2017

7001680909090909090♠58
Rajasthan Royals
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2009

7001680909090909090♠66
Delhi Daredevils
Mumbai Indians
2017

7001680909090909090♠67
Delhi Daredevils
Kings XI Punjab
2017

7001680909090909090♠67
Kolkata Knight Riders
Mumbai Indians
2008

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Highest successful run chases

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

217/7
Rajasthan Royals
Deccan Chargers
2008

214/3
Delhi Daredevils
Gujarat Lions
2017

211/4
Kings XI Punjab
Sunrisers Hyderabad
2014

208/5
Chennai Super Kings
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2012

206/4
Kings XI Punjab
Chennai Super Kings
2014

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Lowest scores defended

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Opponent score
Season

116/9
Chennai Super Kings
Kings XI Punjab
92/8
2009

118
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Mumbai Indians
87
2018

119/8
Kings XI Punjab
Mumbai Indians
116/7
2009

Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors India
108/10
2013

120/9
Mumbai Indians
Pune Warriors India
119/6
2012

126/8
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Chennai Super Kings
112/8
2008

Sunrisers Hyderabad
Pune Warriors India
104/10
2013

text: Largest victories (by runs)

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

146
Mumbai Indians
Delhi Daredevils
2017

144
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Gujarat Lions
2016

140
Kolkata Knight Riders
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2008

138
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Kings XI Punjab
2015

130
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors
2013

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Batting records

text: Most runs

text:
Batsman
Inns
Runs
Span

 Virat Kohli (RCB)
142
4767
2008–2018

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
158
4544
2008–2018

 Sharma, RohitRohit Sharma (DC, MI)
155
4222
2008–2018

 Gambhir, GautamGautam Gambhir (DD, KKR)
148
4187
2008–2018

 David Warner (DD, SRH)
114
4014
2009–2017

text: Last updated: 8 April 2018

text: Highest individual score

text:
Batsman
Runs
Balls
Opp
Season

 Gayle, ChrisChris Gayle (RCB)
7002175000000000000♠175*
66
PWI
2013

 McCullum, BrendonBrendon McCullum (KKR)
7002158000000000000♠158*
73
RCB
2008

 Villiers, AB deAB de Villiers (RCB)
7002133000000000000♠133*
59
MI
2015

 Villiers, AB deAB de Villiers (RCB)
7002129000000000000♠129*
52
GL
2016

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
7002128000000000000♠128*
62
DD
2012

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most sixes (overall)

text:
Batsman
Inn
6's
Span

 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP)
100
265
2009–2017

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
157
173
2008–2017

 Rohit Sharma (DC, MI)
154
172
2008–2017

 David Warner (DD, SRH)
114
160
2009–2017

 Virat Kohli (RCB)
141
159
2008–2017

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most sixes (innings)

text:
Batsman
6's
Opponent
Season

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
17
PWI
2013

 Brendon McCullum (KKR)
13
RCB
2008

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
DD
2012

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
12
KXIP
2015

 AB de Villiers (RCB)
GL
2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Fastest centuries

text:
Batsman
Balls
Opp
Season

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
30
PWI
2013

 Yusuf Pathan (RR)
37
MI
2010

 David Miller (KXIP)
38
RCB
2013

 Adam Gilchrist (DC)
42
MI
2008

 AB de Villiers (RCB)
43
GL
2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Fastest fifties

text:
Batsman
Balls
Opp
Season

 K. L. Rahul (KXIP)
14
DD
2018

 Sunil Narine (KKR)
15
RCB
2017

 Yusuf Pathan (KKR)
SRH
2014

 Suresh Raina (CSK)
16
KXIP
2014

 Sunil Narine (KKR)
17
RCB
2018

 Kieron Pollard (MI)
KKR
2016

 Chris Morris (DD)
GL
2016

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
PWI
2013

 Adam Gilchrist (DC)
DD
2009

 Jos Buttler (RR)
18
DD
2018

text: Last updated: 8 April 2018

text: Best strike rate

text:
Batsman
SR
Span

 Russell, AndreAndre Russell (DD, KKR)
173.41
2012–2016

 Chris Morris (CSK, DD, RR)
165.66
2013–2017

 Maxwell, GlennGlenn Maxwell (DD, KXIP, MI)
164.39
2012–2017

 Pandya, KrunalKrunal Pandya (MI)
158.41
2016–2017

 Lynn, ChrisChris Lynn (DC, KKR)
158.02
2012–2017

text: Minimum balls faced – 125

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Bowling records

text: Most wickets

text:
Bowler
Inn
Wkts
Span

 Malinga, LasithLasith Malinga (MI)
110
154
2009–2017

 Mishra, AmitAmit Mishra (DC, DD, SRH)
126
134
2008–2017

 Harbhajan Singh (MI)
134
127
2008–2017

 Piyush Chawla (KXIP, KKR)
128
126
2008–2017

 Dwayne Bravo (CSK, GL, MI)
103
122
2008–2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Best bowling figures in an innings

text:
Player
Ovr
BBI
Opp
Season

 Sohail TanvirSohail Tanvir (RR)
4.0
7000706666666666670♠6-14
CSK
2008

 Zampa, AdamAdam Zampa (RPS)
4.0
7000616666666666670♠6-19
SRH
2016

 Kumble, AnilAnil Kumble (RCB)
3.1
7000616666666666670♠5-5
RR
2009

 Sharma, IshantIshant Sharma (DC)
3.0
7000607692307692310♠5-12
KTK
2011

 Malinga, LasithLasith Malinga (MI)
3.4
7000607142857142860♠5-13
DD
2011

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Best bowling averages

text:
Player
Mat
Average
Span

 Doug Bollinger (CSK)
27
18.72
2010–2012

 Mascarenhas, DimitriDimitri Mascarenhas (KXIP, RR)
13
18.73
2008–2013

 Malinga, LasithLasith Malinga (MI)
110
19.01
2009–2017

 Farveez Maharoof (DC)
20
19.25
2008–2010

 Chaminda Vaas (DC)
13
19.72
2008–2010

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Best economy rates

text:
Player
Mat
Econ
Span

 Narine, SunilSunil Narine (KKR)
82
6.33
2012–2017

 Shaun Pollock (MI)
13
6.54
2008–2008

 Ashwin, RavichandranRavichandran Ashwin (CSK, RPS, KXIP)
111
6.54
2009–2016

 Kumble, AnilAnil Kumble (RCB)
42
6.57
2009–2010

 Glenn Mcgrath (DD)
14
6.61
2008–2008

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most runs conceded in an innings

text:
Bowler
Overs
Wkts
Runs
Opp
Season

 Ishant Sharma (SRH)
4.0
0
66
CSK
2013

 Umesh Yadav (DD)
4.0
0
65
RCB
2013

 Sandeep Sharma (KXIP)
4.0
1
65
SRH
2014

 Varun Aaron (DD)
4.0
2
63
CSK
2012

 Ashok Dinda (PWI)
4.0
0
63
MI
2013

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most dot balls bowled

text:
Player
Inns
Dot Balls

 Praveen Kumar
119
1075

 Harbhajan Singh
134
1062

 Lasith Malinga
110
1060

 Dale Steyn
90
978

 Amit Mishra
126
953

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most maiden overs bowled

text:
Player
Inns
Maidens

 Praveen Kumar
119
14

 Irfan Pathan
101
10

 Lasith Malinga
110
8

 Sandeep Sharma
56
8

 Dhawal Kulkarni
72
7

 Dale Steyn
90
7

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: List of hat-tricks

text:
No.
Bowler
Opp
Season

1
 Lakshmipathy Balaji (CSK)
KXIP
2008

2
 Amit Mishra (DD)
DC
2008

3
 Makhaya Ntini (CSK)
KKR
2008

4
 Yuvraj Singh (KXIP)
RCB
2009

5
 Rohit Sharma (DC)
MI
2009

6
 Yuvraj Singh (KXIP)
DC
2009

7
 Praveen Kumar (RCB)
RR
2010

8
 Amit Mishra (DC)
KXIP
2011

9
 Ajit Chandila (RR)
PWI
2012

10
 Sunil Narine (KKR)
KXIP
2013

11
 Amit Mishra (SRH)
PWI
2013

12
 Pravin Tambe (RR)
KKR
2014

13
 Shane Watson (RR)
SRH
2014

14
 Axar Patel (KXIP)
GL
2016

15
 Samuel Badree (RCB)
MI
2017

16
 Andrew Tye (GL)
RPS
2017

17
 Jaydev Unadkat (RPS)
SRH
2017

text: Hat-tricks in IPL[1]

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Wicketkeeping and fielding records

text: Most dismissals

text:
Wicket Keeper
Dis
Ct
St
Span

 Karthik, DineshDinesh Karthik (DD, KXIP, MI, RCB)
106
80
26
2008–2017

 MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS)
102
72
30
2008–2017

 Uthappa, RobinRobin Uthappa (KKR, MI, PWI, RCB)
90
58
32
2008–2017

 Naman Ojha (DD, RR, SRH)
75
65
10
2008–2017

 Patel, ParthivParthiv Patel (CSK, DC, KTK, MI, RCB, SRH)
71
57
14
2008–2017

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most catches (fielder)

text:
Player
Ct
Span

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
86
2008–2017

 AB de Villiers (DD, RCB)
72
2008–2017

 Rohit Sharma (DC, MI)
71
2008–2017

 Kieron Pollard (MI)
70
2010–2017

 Dwayne Bravo (CSK, MI)
60
2008–2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Miscellaneous records

text:
Records
Player /
Team
Stats
Season /
Span

Team

Most wins[2]
Mumbai Indians
91
(2008–2017)

Most defeats[2]
Delhi Daredevils
82
(2008–2017)

Highest win%[2]
Chennai Super Kings
60.68
(2008–2015)

Largest victory (runs)[3]
Mumbai Indians v Delhi Daredevils
146
2017

Most consecutive wins
(season)[4]
Kolkata Knight Riders
9
2014

Most consecutive wins
(overall)
Kolkata Knight Riders
10
(2014–2015)

Most consecutive defeats
(season)[5]
Delhi Daredevils
Pune Warriors
9
2014
2012

Most consecutive defeats
(overall)
Delhi Daredevils
Pune Warriors
11
(2014–2015)
(2012–2013)

Batting

Most 100s[6]
 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP)
6
(2008–2018)

Most 50s[7]
 David Warner (DD, SRH)
36
(2009–2017)

Highest Partnership[8]
 Virat Kohli (RCB)
 AB de Villiers (RCB)
229
2016

Most ducks[9]
 Harbhajan Singh (MI)
13
(2008–2016)

Bowling

Most 4 wicket hauls[10][11]
 Sunil Narine (KKR)
6
(2012–2016)

Most 5 wicket hauls[12]
 James Faulkner (KXIP, PWI, RR )
2
(2011–2015)

Most hat-tricks[1]
 Amit Mishra (DC, DD, SRH)
3
(2008–2014)

Other Miscellaneous

Most matches[13]
 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
161
(2008–2017)

Most matches as captain[14]
 MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS)
143
(2008–2016)

Most man of the matches[15]
 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP)
20
(2008–2018)

Most matches as umpire[16]
 Kumar Dharmasena
87
(2009–2016)

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Awards


document_title: Tour de France records and statistics

question_text: in terms of nationality riders from what country have the most tour de france wins

text: Tour de France records and statistics

text: Appearances[edit]

text: The record for most appearances is held jointly by Sylvain Chavanel, Stuart O'Grady, and Jens Voigt with 17. In light of George Hincapie's suspension for use of performance-enhancing drugs, before which he held the mark for most consecutive finishes with sixteen, having completed all but his very first, Joop Zoetemelk holds the record for the most finishes, having completed all 16 of the Tours that he started.[2]

text:
Participations
Finishes
Name
Nationality

17 (1997, 1998,[n 1] 1999–2013)
15 (1997, 1998,[n 2] 1999, 2001–2006, 2008–2013)
Stuart O'Grady
 Australia

17 (1998–2014)
14 (1998–2002, 2004, 2006–2008, 2010–2014)
Jens Voigt
 Germany

17 (2001–2017)
15 (2001–2006, 2008–2011, 2013–2017)
Sylvain Chavanel
 France

16 (1970–1973, 1975–1986)
16 (1970–1973, 1975–1986)
Joop Zoetemelk
 Netherlands

16 (2001–2009, 2011–2017)
15 (2001–2003, 2005–2009, 2011–2017)
Haimar Zubeldia
 Spain

15 (1969–1981, 1983, 1985)
15 (1969–1981, 1983, 1985)
Lucien Van Impe
 Belgium

15 (1990–1998, 2000–2004, 2006)
15 (1990–1998, 2000–2004, 2006)
Viatcheslav Ekimov
 Russia

15 (1980–1994)
13 (1981–1982, 1984–1994)
Guy Nulens
 Belgium

15 (1996–2010)
11 (1996–1997, 1999–2000, 2003–2007, 2009–2010)
Christophe Moreau
 France

15 (2003-2017)
15 (2003-2017)
Thomas Voeckler
 France

14 (1953–1966)
13 (1953–1962, 1964–1966)
André Darrigade
 France

14 (1994–2004, 2006–2008)
13 (1995–2004, 2006–2008)
Erik Zabel
 Germany

14 (1978–1985, 1987–1992)
12 (1978–1985, 1988–1990, 1992)
Sean Kelly
 Ireland

14 (1962–1976)
11 (1962–1965, 1967, 1969–1972, 1974–1976)
Raymond Poulidor
 France

14 (1908–1914, 1920–1928)
07 (1909–1914, 1921)
Jules Deloffre
 France

14 (1996–2003, 2007-2012)
13 (1997–2003, 2007-2012)[n 3]
George Hincapie
 United States

13 (1981–1988, 1989–1994)
13 (1981–1988, 1989–1994)
Phil Anderson
 Australia

13 (1969–1975, 1977–1981, 1983)
12 (1969–1975, 1977–1980, 1983)
Joaquim Agostinho
 Portugal

13 (1974–1982, 1984, 1986–1988)
11 (1974–1975, 1977–1982, 1984, 1986–1987)
Gerrie Knetemann
 Netherlands

13 (1977–1989)
11 (1977–1985, 1987, 1989)
Henk Lubberding
 Netherlands

13 (1951–1963)
10 (1951–1952, 1954, 1956–1957, 1959–1963)
Jean Dotto
 France

13 (1964–1976)
10 (1964–1965, 1967–1971, 1973–1974, 1976)
Jean-Pierre Genet
 France

13 (1979–1983, 1985–1988, 1990–1993)
09 (1979, 1981–1983, 1985, 1987–1988, 1990–1991)
Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle
 France

13 (1953–1965)
09 (1953–1955, 1957, 1959–1960, 1962–1963, 1965)
François Mahe
 France

13 (1992–1997, 1999–2005)
08 (1993–1994, 1996, 2000, 2002–2005)
Marc Wauters
 Belgium

13 (1994–2006)
07 (1995, 1997, 2000–2001, 2003, 2005–2006)
Didier Rous
 France

text: Winning margin[edit]

text: In the early years of the Tour, cyclists rode individually, and were sometimes forbidden to ride together. This led to large gaps between the winner and the number two. Since the cyclists now tend to stay together in a peloton, the margins of the winner have become smaller, as the difference usually originates from time trials, breakaways or on mountain top finishes, or from being left behind the peloton. In the table below, the eight smallest margins between the winner and the second placed cyclists at the end of the Tour are given. The largest margin, by comparison, remains that of the first Tour in 1903: 2h 49m 45s between Maurice Garin and Lucien Pothier.[3] The nine smallest margins between first and second placed riders are as follows:[4]

text:
Winning margin
Year
Opponents

8"
1989
Greg LeMond – Laurent Fignon

23"
2007
Alberto Contador – Cadel Evans

32"
2006
Óscar Pereiro – Andreas Klöden

38"
1968
Jan Janssen – Herman Van Springel

40"
1987
Stephen Roche – Pedro Delgado

48"
1977
Bernard Thévenet – Hennie Kuiper

54"
2017
Chris Froome – Rigoberto Urán

55"
1964
Jacques Anquetil – Raymond Poulidor

58"
2008
Carlos Sastre – Cadel Evans

text: Successful breakaways[edit]

text: The longest successful post-war breakaway by a single rider was by Albert Bourlon in the 1947 Tour de France. In the stage Carcassone-Luchon, he stayed away for 253 kilometres (157 mi).[5] It was one of seven breakaways longer than 200 km, the last being Thierry Marie's 234 km escape in 1991.[5] Bourlon finished 16 m 30s ahead. This is one of the biggest time gaps but not the greatest. That record belongs to José-Luis Viejo, who beat the peloton by 22 mins 50 secs in the 1976 stage Montgenèvre-Manosque.[5] He was the fourth and most recent rider to win a stage by more than 20 minutes.

text: Overall speed[edit]

text: The 2005 edition was the fastest Tour de France in history. Lance Armstrong rode 3,592.5 km in 86h 15' 02", thus realising an overall speed of 41.654 km/h, though his win was later annulled.

text: The slowest Tour de France was the edition of 1919, when Firmin Lambot's average speed was 24.056 km/h.[6]

text: Stage speeds[edit]

text: The fastest massed-start stage was in 1999 from Laval to Blois (194.5 km), won by Mario Cipollini at 50.4 km/h (31.32 mph).[7] The fastest time-trial is Rohan Dennis' stage 1 of the 2015 Tour de France in Utrecht, won at an average of 55.446 km/h (34.5 mph).[8][9] The fastest stage win was by the 2013 Orica GreenEDGE team in a team time-trial. It completed the 25 km time-trial at 57.7 km/h (35.85 mph).[10]

text: The fastest climb of Alpe d'Huez was by Marco Pantani in 1997 Tour de France at 23.1 km/h (14.35 mph).[11]

text: Stage wins per rider[edit]

text: 33 riders have won 10 or more stages (including half-stages, excluding Team Time Trials). Riders who are still active are indicated in bold. Riders with the same number of stage wins are listed alphabetically.

text:
Rank
Name
Country
Wins[12]

1
Eddy Merckx
 Belgium
34

2
Mark Cavendish
 United Kingdom
30

3
Bernard Hinault
 France
28

4
André Leducq
 France
25

5
André Darrigade
 France
22

6
Nicolas Frantz
 Luxembourg
20

7
François Faber
 Luxembourg
19

8
Jean Alavoine
 France
17

9
Jacques Anquetil
 France
16

René Le Grevès
 France
16

Charles Pélissier
 France
16

12
Freddy Maertens
 Belgium
15

13
Marcel Kittel
 Germany
14

14
Philippe Thys
 Belgium
13

Louis Trousselier
 France
13

16
Gino Bartali
 Italy
12

Mario Cipollini
 Italy
12

Miguel Indurain
 Spain
12

Robbie McEwen
 Australia
12

Erik Zabel
 Germany
12

21
Jean Aerts
 Belgium
11

Louison Bobet
 France
11

Raffaele Di Paco
 Italy
11

André Greipel
 Germany
11

25
Maurice Archambaud
 France
10

Charly Gaul
 Luxembourg
10

Walter Godefroot
 Belgium
10

Thor Hushovd
 Norway
10

Gerrie Knetemann
 Netherlands
10

Antonin Magne
 France
10

Henri Pélissier
 France
10

Jan Raas
 Netherlands
10

Joop Zoetemelk
 Netherlands
10

text: Three riders have won 8 stages in a single year:

text:
Charles Pélissier (FRA) (1930, in addition to seven 2nd places)[13]
 Eddy Merckx (BEL) (1970, 1974)[14]
 Freddy Maertens (BEL) (1976, in addition to four 2nd and two 3rd places)[15]

text: Mark Cavendish has the most mass finish stage wins with 30 ahead of André Darrigade and André Leducq with 22, François Faber with 19 and Eddy Merckx with 18.[16]

text: The youngest Tour de France stage winner is Fabio Battesini, who was 19 when he won one stage in the 1931 Tour de France.[17]

text: Stage wins per country[edit]

text: Riders from 33 countries have won at least one stage in the Tour de France.

text:
Country
#

 France
702

 Belgium
471

 Italy
268

 Netherlands
171

 Spain
127

 Germany
87

 Luxembourg
70

 United Kingdom
67

Country
#

  Switzerland
60

 Australia
30

 Denmark
18

 United States
18

 Norway
17

 Colombia
16

 Portugal
12

 Ireland
11

Country
#

 Russia[18]
11

 Slovakia
9

 Uzbekistan
9

 Kazakhstan
5

 Poland
5

 Austria
4

 Estonia
4

 Ukraine
4

Country
#

 Czech Republic
3

 Mexico
2

 Latvia
2

 Brazil
1

 Canada
1

 South Africa
1

 Sweden
1

 Lithuania
1

 Slovenia
1

text: Detailed table[edit]

text:
1903
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1904
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1905
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1906
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1907
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1908
10
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1909
7
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1910
11
-
1
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1911
12
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1912
8
5
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1913
2
10
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1914
7
4
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1919
11
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1920
3
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1921
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1922
6
8
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1923
12
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1924
4
4
5
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1925
1
8
5
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1926
-
12
1
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1927
6
15
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1928
13
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1929
10
9
-
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1930
13
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1931
8
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1932
7
6
7
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1933
9
9
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1934
20
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1935
13
8
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1936
13
9
-
1
1
-
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1937
9
10
3
-
2
4
1
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1938
8
11
5
3
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1939
17
7
-
1
-
-
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1947
12
2
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1948
6
4
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1949
8
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1950
9
2
6
-
-
-
2
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1951
6
4
5
1
2
-
1
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1952
9
3
7
2
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1953
10
1
3
5
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1954
15
4
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1955
9
3
2
4
2
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1956
8
4
6
-
2
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1957
17
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1958
9
2
5
1
2
-
4
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1959
12
1
4
-
1
-
1
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1960
10
5
4
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1961
12
6
3
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1962
7
8
4
1
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1963
8
10
1
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1964
8
7
-
4
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1965
3
7
5
4
4
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1966
2
8
4
5
2
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1967
8
6
4
1
2
1
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1968
10
10
2
2
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1969
3
14
3
-
1
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1970
5
14
5
1
2
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1971
4
11
3
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1972
7
15
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1973
6
7
-
2
8
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1974
7
15
1
2
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1975
3
11
4
5
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1976
3
12
3
7
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1977
8
6
1
5
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1978
7
5
-
9
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1979
10
4
1
8
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1980
7
4
-
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1981
6
10
-
7
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1982
6
5
-
6
-
-
-
-
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1983
9
3
1
5
1
-
-
1
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1984
12
7
-
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1985
6
6
-
4
2
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
3
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1986
6
5
3
1
5
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1987
7
2
1
6
4
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1988
2
-
4
8
3
1
-
1
1
-
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-

1989
4
1
2
6
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
3
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1990
3
2
5
6
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1991
5
1
6
2
2
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-

1992
6
2
3
3
4
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1993
1
2
4
-
2
1
-
-
3
-
2
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1994
4
-
5
1
2
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-

1995
3
1
6
1
2
2
-
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1996
4
-
3
3
-
3
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1997
6
-
7
1
1
5
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1998
1
4
6
2
-
4
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-

1999
-
4
7
-
3
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2000
2
2
5
4
3
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2001
4
3
-
1
1
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2002
2
-
1
2
2
1
-
1
1
3
-
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2003
2
-
5
1
4
1
-
1
-
2
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2004
3
2
2
-
2
-
-
-
1
3
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2005
1
2
3
1
3
-
-
-
-
3
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2006
3
-
1
-
4
2
1
-
-
3
1
-
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2007
2
3
3
-
1
1
1
-
2
2
2
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-

2008
3
1
-
-
6
1
1
4
1
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2009
4
-
-
-
4
1
1
6
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2010
6
-
2
-
1
-
2
5
2
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2011
1
2
-
-
2
2
1
5
-
1
-
2
4
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2012
5
-
-
-
2
3
-
7
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2013
1
1
1
-
-
6
-
5
-
2
-
-
-
1
2
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2014
2
-
5
1
-
7
-
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-

2015
3
1
1
-
3
6
-
3
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2016
1
2
-
2
1
2
-
7
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

2017
5
-
1
2
-
5
-
1
-
2
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1

TOTAL
702
471
268
171
127
87
70
67
60
30
18
18
17
16
12
11
11
9
9
5
4
4
5
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1

text: Stage towns[edit]

text: Some cities and towns have hosted 25 or more stage starts and finishes:

text:
Paris – 140 (most recent finish: 2017)
Bordeaux – 80 (most recent: 2010)
Pau – 69[19] (most recent: 2017)
Bagnères-de-Luchon – 58 (most recent: 2016)
Metz – 40 (most recent: 2012)
Grenoble – 39 (most recent: 2014)
Marseille – 36 (most recent: 2017)
Nice – 36 (most recent: 2013)
Perpignan – 36 (most recent: 2009)
Caen – 35 (most recent: 2006)
Briançon – 35 (most recent: 2017)
Bayonne – 32 (most recent: 2003)
Montpellier – 31 (most recent: 2016)
Nantes – 30 (most recent: 2008)
Belfort – 29 (most recent: 2000)
Brest – 28 (most recent: 2008)
L'Alpe d'Huez – 28 (most recent: 2015)
Toulouse – 25 (most recent: 2008)
Roubaix – 25 (most recent: 1994)
Saint-Étienne – 25 (most recent: 2014)

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Assisted by illicit performance-enhancing drug use in the 1998 Tour de France
Jump up ^ Assisted by illicit performance-enhancing drug use in the 1998 Tour de France
Jump up ^ All appearances from 2004 to 2006 have been disqualified due to Hincapie's suspension for performance-enhancing drug use

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