document_title: Flag of South Africa

question_text: when was the new national flag of the republic of south africa hoisted for the first time

root

text: Flag of South Africa

text: Colours[edit]

text: At the time of its adoption, the South African flag was the only national flag in the world to comprise six colours in its primary design and without a seal and brocade. The design and colours are a synopsis of principal elements of the country's flag history. The colours themselves have no essential meaning.[1]:18

tag: p

text: The central design of the flag, beginning at the flagpost in a "V" form and flowing into a single horizontal band to the outer edge of the fly.

text:
Colour

Textile colour

Pantone equivalent

RGB

RGB sample

Green

CKS 42 c Spectrum green

3415 c

#007749

Black

CKS 401 c Blue black

#000000

White

CKS 701 c National flag white

#FFFFFF

Gold

CKS 724 c Gold yellow

1235 c

#FFB81C

Red

CKS 750 c Chilli red

179 c

#E03C31

Blue

CKS 762 c National flag blue

Reflex blue c

#001489

tag: table

text: Construction sheet[edit]

text: Symbolism[edit]

text: According to official South African government information, the South African flag is "a synopsis of principal elements of the country's flag history."  Although different people may attribute personal symbolism to the individual colours or colour combinations, "no universal symbolism should be attached to any of the colours."  The only symbolism in the flag is the V or Y shape, which can be interpreted as "the convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity".[2]

text: From time to time explanations of the meanings or symbolism of the flag's colours are published in various media, including official government publications and speeches by government officials.

text:
Three of the colours — black, green and yellow — are found in the flag of the African National Congress. The other three — red, white and blue — are used in the modern flag of the Netherlands and the flag of the United Kingdom; the colours white and blue were also found in the old flag of South Africa.
Former South African President F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 April 1994,[3] stated in his autobiography, The Last Trek: a New Beginning, that chilli red was chosen instead of plain red (which Anglo-Africans would have preferred) or orange (as Afrikaners would have preferred).

text: History[edit]

text: The  Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek (Transvaal) became British colonies along with the existing Cape and Natal colonies. Each was also entitled to a colonial flag following in the British tradition.

text: On 31 May 1910 these four colonies came together to form the Union of South Africa and the individual colonial flags were no longer used and new South African flags came into being. Once again, as a British dominion the British Union Flag was to continue as the national flag and the standard British ensign pattern was used as a basis for distinctive South African flags.

text: As was the case throughout the British Empire, the Red and Blue Ensigns were the official flags for merchant and government vessels at sea, and the British Admiralty authorised them to be defaced in the fly with the shield from the South African coat of arms.[4][5] These ensigns were not intended to be used as the Union's national flag, although they were used by some people as such. Although these ensigns were primarily intended for maritime use, they were also flown on land.

text:
The South Africa Red Ensign was South Africa's de facto national flag between 1910 and 1928 and was flown at times from Government buildings.

The design of the Red Ensign was modified slightly in 1912 when the shield was placed on a white disc so as to make it more distinguishable. The Red Ensign continued to be used as the flag of the South African merchant marine until 1951.[6]

The Blue Ensign was flown over the Union’s offices abroad between 1910 and 1928.

The Blue Ensign from 1912 to 1928.

tag: ul

text: These flags never enjoyed much popular support due to the animosities lingering after the Anglo-Boer War. The Afrikaner descendants of the Dutch settlers from the former Boer Republics found the prominent position of the British Union Flag to be offensive while the English-speakers saw any move to remove it as an Afrikaner plot to deprive them of their imperial symbol.

text: 1928–1994 flag[edit]

text:
South Africa

Proportion
2:3Adopted
May 1928Relinquished
April 1994

text: Due to the lack of popularity of these flags, there were intermittent discussions about the desirability of a more distinctive national flag for South Africa after 1910,[1]:70 it was only after a coalition government took office in 1925 that a bill was introduced in Parliament to introduce a national flag for the Union.  This provoked an often violent controversy that lasted for three years based on whether the British Union Flag should be included in the new flag design or not. The Natal Province even threatened to secede from the Union should it be decided to remove it.

text: Finally, a compromise was reached that resulted in the adoption of a separate flag for the Union in late 1927 and the design was first hoisted on 31 May 1928. The design was based on the so-called Van Riebeeck flag or "Prince's Flag"  (Prinsenvlag in Afrikaans) that was originally the Dutch flag; it consisted of orange, white, and blue horizontal stripes. A version of this flag had been used as the flag of the Dutch East India Company (known as the VOC) at the Cape (with the VOC logo in the centre) from 1652 until 1795. The South African addition to the design was the inclusion of three smaller flags centred in the white stripe. The miniature flags were the British Union Flag (mirrored) towards the hoist, the flag of the Orange Free State hanging vertically in the middle and the Transvaal Vierkleur towards the fly. The position of each of the miniature flags is such that each has equal status. However, to ensure that the Dutch flag in the canton of the Orange Free State flag is placed nearest to the upper hoist of the main flag, the Free State flag must be reversed.  The British Union Flag, which is nearest to the hoist and is thus in a more favoured position, is spread horizontally from the Free State flag towards the hoist and is thus also reversed.  Although placed horizontally furthest from the hoist, to balance the British Union Flag, the Vierkleur is the only one of the miniature flags which is spread in the same direction as the main flag. This compensates for its otherwise less favourable position.  In this arrangement, each of the miniature flags enjoy equal precedence.[7] Note that the miniature flag of the Orange Free State contains a miniature of the Dutch flag, making the old South African flag the only former national flag in the world containing a flag in a flag in a flag.

text: The choice of the Prinsenvlag (which was believed to be the first flag hoisted on South African soil  by Jan van Riebeeck of the VOC) as the basis upon which to design the South African flag had more to do with compromise than Afrikaner political desires, since the Prinsenvlag was politically neutral, as it was no longer the national flag of any nation. A further element of this compromise was that the British Union Flag would continue to fly alongside the new South African national flag over official buildings. This dual flag arrangement continued until 1957 when the British Union Flag lost its official status per an Act of Parliament.

text: Following a referendum the country became a republic on 31 May 1961, but the design of the flag remained unchanged. However, there was intense pressure to change the flag, particularly from Afrikaners who still resented the fact that the British Union Flag was a part of the flag. In 1968, the then Prime Minister, John Vorster, proposed the adoption of a new flag from 1971, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the declaration of a republic  but this never materialised.[8]

text: Current flag since 1994[edit]

text: The present South African national flag was first flown on 27 April 1994, the day of the 1994 election. However, the flag was first intended to be an interim flag only, and its design was decided upon only a week beforehand.[9]

text: The choice of a new flag was part of the negotiation process set in motion when Nelson Mandela was released from prison in 1990. When a nationwide public competition was held in 1993, the National Symbols Commission received more than 7,000 designs. Six designs were shortlisted and presented to the public and the Negotiating Council, but none elicited enthusiastic support. A number of design studios were then contacted to submit further proposals, but these also did not find favour. Parliament went into recess at the end of 1993 without a suitable candidate for the new national flag.

text: In February 1994, Cyril Ramaphosa and Roelf Meyer, the chief negotiators of the African National Congress and the National Party government of the day respectively, were given the task of resolving the flag issue. A final design was adopted on 15 March 1994, derived from a design developed by the State Herald Fred Brownell,[10] who had also previously designed the Flag of Namibia. This interim flag was hoisted for the first time on the 27 April 1994, the day when the nation’s first fully inclusive elections commenced which resulted in Nelson Mandela being inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected president on 10 May 1994.[11]

text: The proclamation of the new national flag by South African President F. W. de Klerk was only published on 20 April 1994,[3] a mere seven days before the flag was to be inaugurated, sparking a frantic last-minute flurry for flag manufacturers. As stated in South Africa's post-apartheid interim constitution, the flag was to be introduced on an interim probationary period of five years, after which there would be discussion about whether or not to change the national flag in the final draft of the constitution. The Constitutional Assembly was charged with the responsibility of drafting the country’s new constitution and had called for submissions, inter alia, on the issues of its various national symbols.  It received 118 submissions recommending the retention of the new flag and 35 suggesting changes to it.  Thus on 28 September 1995 it decided that the flag should be retained unchanged and accordingly it was included as Section One of the Constitution of South Africa which came into force in February 1997.[12]

text: Proper display of the flag[edit]

text: The South African government published guidelines for proper display of the flag at designated flag stations, in Government Notice 510 of 8 June 2001 (Gazette number 22356). These rules apply only to official flag stations and not to the general public.

text: The Southern African Vexillological Association (SAVA), a non-official association for the study of flags, published their own guide for proper display of the flag in 2002.  This guide has no official authority but was drawn up with generally accepted vexillological etiquette and principles in mind.[13]

text: Heraldic description[edit]

text: An addendum to the Transitional Executive Council agenda (April 1994) described the flag in heraldic terms as follows:

text: The National flag shall be rectangular in the proportion of two in the width to three to the length; per pall from the hoist, the upper band red (chilli) and lower band blue, with a black triangle at the hoist; over the partition lines a green pall one fifth the width of the flag, fimbriated white against the red and blue, and gold against the black triangle at the hoist, and the width of the pall and its fimbriations is one third the width of the flag.

text: Schedule One of the Constitution of South Africa (1996) replaced the heraldic definition and described the flag in plain English as follows:[14]

text:
The national flag is rectangular; it is one and a half times as long as it is wide.
It is black, gold, green, white, chilli red and blue.
It has a green Y-shaped band that is one fifth as wide as the flag. The centre lines of the band start in the top and bottom corners next to the flag post, converge in the centre of the flag, and continue horizontally to the middle of the free edge.
The green band is edged, above and below in white, and towards the flag post end, in gold. Each edging is one fifteenth as wide as the flag.
The triangle next to the flag post is black.
The upper horizontal band is chilli red and the lower horizontal band is blue. These bands are each one third as wide as the flag.

tag: ol


document_title: 2011 Census of India

question_text: as per 2011 census which state of india has lowest population

text: 2011 Census of India

text: Census[edit]

text: C Chandramauli was the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India for the 2011 Indian Census. Census data was collected in 16 languages and the training manual was prepared in 18 languages. In 2011, India and Bangladesh also conducted their first-ever joint census of areas along their border.[14][15] The census was conducted in two phases. The first, the house-listing phase, began on 1 April 2010 and involved collection of data about all the buildings and census houses.[16] Information for the National Population Register was also collected in the first phase. The second, the population enumeration phase, was conducted from 9 – 28 February 2011 all over the country. The eradication of epidemics, the availability of more effective medicines for the treatment of various types of diseases and the improvement in the standard of living were the main reasons for the high decadal growth of population in India.

text: Information[edit]

text: House-listings[edit]

text: The House-listing schedule contained 35 questions.[17]

text:
Building number
Census house number
Predominant material of floor, wall and roof of the census house
Ascertain use of actual house
Condition of the census house
Household number
Total number of persons in the household
Name of the head of the household
Sex of the head
Caste status (SC or ST or others)
Ownership status of the house
Number of dwelling rooms
Number of married couple the household
Main source of drinking water
Availability of drinking water source
Main source of lighting
Latrine within the premises
Type of latrine facility
Waste water outlet connection
Bathing facility within the premises
Availability of kitchen
Fuel used for cooking
Radio/Transistor
Television
Computer/Laptop
Telephone/Mobile phone
Bicycle
Scooter/Motor cycle/Moped
Car/Jeep/Van
Availing Banking services.

text: Population enumeration[edit]

text: The Population enumeration schedule contained 30 questions.[18][19]

text:
Name of the person
Relationship to head
Sex
Date of birth and age
Current marital status
Age at marriage
Religion
Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe
Disability
Mother tongue
Other languages known
Literacy status
Status of attendance (Education)
Highest educational level attained
Working any time during last year
Category of economic activity
Occupation Nature of industry
Trade or service
Class of worker
Non economic activity
Seeking or available for work
Travel to place of work
Birthplace
Place of last residence
Reason for migration
Duration of stay in the place of migration
Children surviving
Children ever born
Number of children born alive during last one year

text: National Population Register[edit]

text: The National Population Register household schedule contained 9 questions.[20]

text:
Name of the person and resident status
Name of the person as should appear in the population register
Relationship to head
gender
Date of birth
Marital status
Educational qualification
Occupation/Activity
Names of father, mother and spouse

text: Once the information was collected and digitised, fingerprints were taken and photos collected. Unique Identification Authority of India was to issue a 12-digit identification number to all individuals and the first ID was to have been issued in 2011.[21][22][23]

text: Census report[edit]

text: Provisional data from the census was released on 31 March 2011 (and was updated on 20 May 2013).[24][25][26][27][28] Transgender population was counted in population census in India for first time in 2011.[29][30] The overall sex ratio of the population is 943 females for every 1,000 males in 2011.[31] The official count of the third gender in India is 4.9 lakh[32]

text:
Population
Total
1,210,854,977

Males
623,724,568

Females
586,469,294

Literacy
Total
74%

Males
82.10%

Females
65.50%

Density of population
per km2
382

Sex ratio
per 1000 males
943 females

Child sex ratio (0–6 age group)
per 1000 males
919

text: Population[edit]

text: The population of India as per 2011 census was 1,210,193,422.[33] India added 181.5 million to its population since 2001, slightly lower than the population of Brazil. India, with 2.4% of the world's surface area, accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with roughly 200 million people. Over half the population resided in the six most populous states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.[34] Of the 121 crore Indians, 83.3 crore (68.84%) live in rural areas while 37.7 crore stay in urban areas.[35][36] 45.36 crore people in India are migrants, which is 37.8% of total population.[37][38][39]

text: India is the homeland of major belief systems such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism, while also being home to several indigenous faiths and tribal religions which have survived the influence of major religions for centuries.

text: Ever since its inception, the Census of India has been collecting and publishing information about the religious affiliations as expressed by the people of India. In fact, population census has the rare distinction of being the only instrument that collects this diverse and important characteristic of the Indian population.

text:
Population distribution in India by states

[hide]Rank
State /
Union Territory (UT)
Type
Population[40]
% of total population[41]
Males
Females
Sex Ratio
[42]
Literacy rate (%)
Rural[43]
Population
Urban[43]
Population
Area[44]
(km²)
Density
(/km²)
Decadal Growth% (2001-2011)

1
Uttar Pradesh
State
199,812,341
16.5
104,480,510
95,331,831
930
67.68
155,111,022
44,470,455
240,928
828
20.1%

2
Maharashtra
State
112,374,333
9.28
58,243,056
54,131,277
929
82.34
61,545,441
50,827,531
307,713
365
16.0%

3
Bihar
State
104,099,452
8.6
54,278,157
49,821,295
918
61.80
92,075,028
11,729,609
94,163
1,102
25.1%

4
West Bengal
State
91,276,115
7.54
46,809,027
44,467,088
950
76.26
62,213,676
29,134,060
88,752
1,030
13.9%

5
Andhra Pradesh[a]
State
84,580,777
6.99
42,442,146
42,138,631
993
67.02
56,361,702
28,219,075
275,045
308
11.1%

6
Madhya Pradesh
State
72,626,809
6.00
37,612,306
35,014,503
931
69.32
52,537,899
20,059,666
308,245
236
20.3%

7
Tamil Nadu
State
72,147,030
5.96
36,137,975
36,009,055
996
80.09
37,189,229
34,949,729
130,058
555
15.6%

8
Rajasthan
State
68,548,437
5.66
35,550,997
32,997,440
928
66.11
51,540,236
17,080,776
342,239
201
21.4%

9
Karnataka
State
61,095,297
5.05
30,966,657
30,128,640
973
75.36
37,552,529
23,578,175
191,791
319
15.7%

10
Gujarat
State
60,439,692
4.99
31,491,260
28,948,432
919
78.03
34,670,817
25,712,811
196,024
308
19.2%

11
Odisha
State
41,974,218
3.47
21,212,136
20,762,082
979
72.87
34,951,234
6,996,124
155,707
269
14.0%

12
Kerala
State
33,406,061
2.76
16,027,412
17,378,649
1,084
94.00
17,445,506
15,932,171
38,863
859
4.9%

13
Jharkhand
State
32,988,134
2.72
16,930,315
16,057,819
948
66.41
25,036,946
7,929,292
79,714
414
22.3%

14
Assam
State
31,205,576
2.58
15,939,443
15,266,133
958
72.19
26,780,526
4,388,756
78,438
397
16.9%

15
Punjab
State
27,743,338
2.29
14,639,465
13,103,873
895
75.84
17,316,800
10,387,436
50,362
550
13.7%

16
Chhattisgarh
State
25,545,198
2.11
12,832,895
12,712,303
991
70.28
19,603,658
5,936,538
135,191
189
22.6%

17
Haryana
State
25,351,462
2.09
13,494,734
11,856,728
879
75.55
16,531,493
8,821,588
44,212
573
19.9%

18
Delhi
UT
16,787,941
1.39
8,887,326
7,800,615
868
86.21
944,727
12,905,780
1,484
11,297
21%

19
Jammu and Kashmir
State
12,541,302
1.04
6,640,662
5,900,640
889
67.16
9,134,820
3,414,106
222,236
56
23.7%

20
Uttarakhand
State
10,086,292
0.83
5,137,773
4,948,519
963
79.63
7,025,583
3,091,169
53,483
189
19.2%

21
Himachal Pradesh
State
6,864,602
0.57
3,481,873
3,382,729
972
82.80
6,167,805
688,704
55,673
123
12.8%

22
Tripura
State
3,673,917
0.30
1,874,376
1,799,541
960
87.22
2,710,051
960,981
10,486
350
14.7%

23
Meghalaya
State
2,966,889
0.25
1,491,832
1,475,057
989
74.43
2,368,971
595,036
22,429
132
27.8%

24
Manipur
State
2,721,756
0.21
1,290,171
1,280,219
992
79.21
1,899,624
822,132
22,327
122
18.7%

25
Nagaland
State
1,978,502
0.16
1,024,649
953,853
931
79.55
1,406,861
573,741
16,579
119
-0.5%

26
Goa
State
1,458,545
0.12
739,140
719,405
973
88.70
551,414
906,309
3,702
394
8.2%

27
Arunachal Pradesh
State
1,383,727
0.11
713,912
669,815
938
65.38
1,069,165
313,446
83,743
17
25.9%

28
Puducherry
UT
1,247,953
0.10
612,511
635,442
1,037
85.85
394,341
850,123
479
2,598
27.7%

29
Mizoram
State
1,097,206
0.09
555,339
541,867
976
91.33
529,037
561,997
21,081
52
22.8%

30
Chandigarh
UT
1,055,450
0.09
580,663
474,787
818
86.05
29,004
1,025,682
114
9,252
17.1%

31
Sikkim
State
610,577
0.05
323,070
287,507
890
81.42
455,962
151,726
7,096
86
12.4%

32
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
UT
380,581
0.03
202,871
177,710
876
86.63
244,411
135,533
8,249
46
6.7%

33
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
UT
343,709
0.03
193,760
149,949
774
76.24
183,024
159,829
491
698
55.5%

34
Daman and Diu
UT
243,247
0.02
150,301
92,946
618
87.10
60,331
182,580
112
2,169
53.5%

35
Lakshadweep
UT
64,473
0.01
33,123
31,350
946
91.85
14,121
50,308
32
2,013
6.2%

TOTAL
India
35
1,210,854,977
100
623,724,248
586,469,174
943
73.00
833,087,662
377,105,760
3,287,240
382
17.64%

text: Religious demographics[edit]

text: The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015.[45][46][47] Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million),[48] while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India.[49][49][50][51] and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India.[52][53] For the first time, a "No religion" category was added in the 2011 census.[54][55] 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to "No Religion" in India in the 2011 census.[56][57] - 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion.[58][59] Given below is the decade-by-decade religious composition of India till the 2011 census.[60][61][62] There are six religions in India that have been awarded "National Minority" status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis.[63][64] Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India.[65][66][67] As per 2011 census, six major faiths- Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India’s 121 crore population, while “other religions, persuasions” (ORP) count is 82. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths- 49.57 lakh-strong Sarna, 10.26 lakh-strong Gond, 5.06 lakh-strong Sari, Doni Polo (3.02 lakh) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahi (2.22 lakh) in Manipur, Khasi (1.38 lakh) in Meghalaya dominate.[68] Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Meghalaya (9,089) and Kerala.[69]

text:
Religious
group
Population
% 1951
Population
% 1961
Population
% 1971
Population
% 1981
Population
% 1991
Population
% 2001
Population
% 2011[70]

Hinduism
84.1%
83.45%
82.73%
82.30%
81.53%
80.46%
79.80%

Islam
9.8%
10.69%
11.21%
11.75%
12.61%
13.43%
14.23%

Christianity
2.3%
2.44%
2.60%
2.44%
2.32%
2.34%
2.30%

Sikhism
1.79%
1.79%
1.89%
1.92%
1.94%
1.87%
1.72%

Buddhism
0.74%
0.74%
0.70%
0.70%
0.77%
0.77%
0.70%

Jainism
0.46%
0.46%
0.48%
0.47%
0.40%
0.41%
0.37%

Zoroastrianism
0.13%
0.09%
0.09%
0.09%
0.08%
0.06%
n/a

Other religions / No religion
0.43%
0.43%
0.41%
0.42%
0.44%
0.72%
0.9%

text: Literacy[edit]

text: Any one above age 7 who can read and write in any language with an ability to understand was considered a literate. In censuses before 1991, children below the age 5 were treated as illiterates. The literacy rate taking the entire population into account is termed as "crude literacy rate", and taking the population from age 7 and above into account is termed as "effective literacy rate". Effective literacy rate increased to a total of 74.04% with 82.14% of the males and 65.46% of the females being literate.[71]

text:
S.No.
Census year
Total (%)
Male (%)
Female (%)

1
1901
5.35
9.83
0.60

2
1911
5.92
10.56
1.05

3
1921
7.16
12.21
1.81

4
1931
9.50
15.59
2.93

5
1941
16.10
24.90
7.30

6
1951
16.67
24.95
9.45

7
1961
24.02
34.44
12.95

8
1971
29.45
39.45
18.69

9
1981
36.23
46.89
24.82

10
1991
42.84
52.74
32.17

11
2001
64.83
75.26
53.67

12
2011
74.04
82.14
65.46

text: The table lists the "crude literacy rate" in India from 1901 to 2011.[citation needed]


document_title: Buffalo Wild Wings

question_text: where was the first buffalo wild wings built

text: Buffalo Wild Wings

text: History[edit]

text: Buffalo Wild Wings & Weck was founded in 1982 by Jim Disbrow and Scott Lowery. Lowery's parents had become Disbrow's guardians as they were his ice skating coaches. After Disbrow had finished judging amateur figure skating competition at Kent State University, the pair met up to get some Buffalo-style chicken wings to eat. Failing to find any restaurant serving them, they decided to open their own restaurant serving wings. For the first location, they selected a location near the Ohio State University, Columbus. Weck was an original part of the name, as beyond the wings and its dozen sauces, the restaurant served beef on weck.[6]

text: The pair brought on an additional partner, Mark Lutz, within six months after opening. None had any restaurant experience and thus ran all aspects of the business, including its finances, haphazardly. The restaurant expanded into a chain over the next decade as it added six additional locations in Ohio, Indiana, and Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The Colorado location was selected as they skied there.[6]

text: The company began to franchise in 1992 by working with Francorp, a Chicago-based law firm. The original franchise fee was $15,000 to $20,000 plus a percentage of sales. Its bottled wing sauces were then manufactured by Wilsey, Inc. of Atlanta. The company's headquarters was set up in 1992 in Cincinnati. By 1993, eight more locations were added, primarily in Ohio.[6]

text: In late 1994, Disbrow hired a part-time chief financial officer, Sally Smith, who was employed at his new father-in-law's business. In order to get her full time, the company moved its headquarters to the Minneapolis/Saint Paul area where Smith wished to stay. Smith had to deal with issues with lenders and the Internal Revenue Service and a potential bankruptcy as a part overhauling its finances. Smith was unable to determine the firm's net income/loss prior to 1995. While in 1995, the company did $12 million in revenue with loss of $1.6 million.[6]

text: Expecting more growth in 1995, BW3 designed a new prototype free-standing outlet with clear separation between the bar and dining areas and seating 190 in a 5,000- to 7,500-square-foot space. This was a shift in strategy from a college sports-bar to casual dining. The company looked closer at new franchisees' qualifications. Existing franchisees were encouraged to add more locations while more corporate locations were planned. At that time, there were 48 locations with 12 corporate owned.[6]

text: Smith was promoted to president and CEO in August 1996, while Disbrow became chairman of the board. At the end of the year, 27 new locations were opened. An initial public stock offering was considered in 1998, but discarded given unfavorable market conditions. After using different name variations, bw-3 and Buffalo Wild Wings, in different markets in its first national ad campaign market; the decision was made to standardize the name through out the system with the latter name. The company moved to increase home sales of their sauces by upgrading the packaging.[6]

text: The 100th location opened in October 1999 in Apple Valley, Minnesota a short drive from its corporate headquarters. At the time, there were 23 company owned restaurants. Three venture capital firms and other purchased a majority stake, $8.5 million in shares, available in a December 1999 private placement. The funding was planned to fund expansion with expectation to have 260 sites by late 2003. The company tested new several sauces in 2000 but only added two to the menu with its first dessert. In 2000, the chain, now calling its locations, Buffalo Wild Wings Grill & Bar, was in 19 states and 140 locations (at year end) with one finally it the city of its signature menu item, Buffalo, New York.[6]

text: System-wide revenue were $150 million in 2001 with same-stores averaged growth of 8 percent per year. The company began pushing takeout sales. In late 2001, the company signed on Frito-Lay to its plans for branded potato chips to the retail market.[6]

text: Disbrow died in October 2002, while Smith continued as company executive with Lowery as vice-president of franchise construction. There were 211 locations in 27 states by the end of third quarter of 2003.[6]

text: In 2010, the company announced an expansion into Canada.[7] In 2015, Buffalo Wild Wings expanded in the United Arab Emirates when it opened a restaurant in Dubai.[8]

text: In March 2013, the company took a minority stake in PizzaRev upscale pizza restaurant.[9] In August 2014, BW3 had purchased a majority stake in Rusty Taco chain[10] and changed its name to R Taco the next year.[11]

text: On September 11, 2017, customers at the Eastvale, California franchise complained that an employee muted the sound for the United States National Anthem at the start of the Monday Night Football game claiming that it was controversial and that it was not company policy to play it. The franchise owner later apologized and clarified that there is no policy regarding this matter.[12]

text: In November 2017, Roark Capital Group's Arby's announced its plan to purchase the chain for about $2.4 billion plus debt .[13][14] This deal completed on February 5, 2018 with Arby's Group renamed Inspire Brands an holding parent company to Arby's, Buffalo Wild Wings, R Taco with each keeping their brands, name, logos, and operating autonomously.[15]

text: Concept[edit]

text: The chain is best known for Buffalo-style chicken wings along with over a dozen sauces, as well as a complement of other items such as chicken tenders and legs. The chain's menu also features appetizers, burgers, tacos, salads, and desserts, along with beer, wine, and other beverages. They are known for their famous "Blazin Wing Challenge." They challenge customers to eat 12 of their hottest wings under six minutes. The winners receive a free T-shirt. The restaurants feature an open layout with a bar area and patio seating flanked by over 50 televisions and media screens.[16] Starting in 2016, the new restaurants being built follow a new type of layout that gives the guests the feeling as if they were actually in a sports stadium. Server uniforms consist of gray shorts and jerseys with the number 82, signifying the year that the chain was established in 1982.[17]

text: Naming rights[edit]

text: Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl – NCAA Division I FBS football

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Buffalo Wild Wings location in Athens, Ohio

The exterior of a Buffalo Wild Wings location in Carolina Forest, South Carolina

A Buffalo Wild Wings in Gillette, Wyoming


document_title: Tesla Model 3

question_text: when did tesla start taking deposits for model 3

text: Tesla Model 3

text: History[edit]

text: In 2008, the car was stated to be a family car.[32]  In 2017, Tesla added that the standard-battery version of the all-electric car would have have an estimated EPA-rated range of 220 miles (354 km), a five-passenger seating capacity, front and rear trunks, and promised sports-car levels of acceleration performance.[better source needed][33][34] Tesla said it would have a 5-Star safety rating and have a drag coefficient of Cd=0.23.[35] This will be lower than the Tesla Model S drag coefficient of Cd=0.24, which, in 2014, was the lowest among the production cars of the time.[35]

text: Industry experts were dubious when, in May 2016, Tesla announced its decision to advance its 500,000-total-unit build plan (combined for Model S, Model X, and Model 3) to 2018, two years earlier than previously planned, in order to accelerate its target for Model 3 output.[36][37][38] As predicted, there were "production bottlenecks" and "production hell". Tesla issued US$2 billion in new shares to the stock market to finance the plan.[39]

text: The company plans for the Model 3 are part of Tesla's three-step strategy to start with a high-price vehicle and move progressively towards lower-cost vehicles, while the battery and electric drivetrain were improved and paid for through the sales of the Roadster, Model S, and Model X vehicles.[40]

text: On April 18, 2018, Tesla updated its production target to 6,000 vehicles per week by the end of June 2018, an increase from its previous target of 5,000 vehicles per week which was previously promised at earlier dates.[41][42][43][44]

text: Model naming[edit]

text: The Model 3 was codenamed Tesla BlueStar in the original business plan in 2007.[45][46] The intended name was Model E, that was abandoned due to Ford trademark. Model 3, originally stylized as "Model ☰", was announced on Musk's Twitter account on July 16, 2014.[47] Musk wanted the three current models to spell SEX, but settled for "S3X".[48] In early 2017, after trademark opposition regarding Adidas's three stripes logo,[49] the triplicate horizontal-bar stylization was abandoned and changed to a numeric "3".[50]

text: Market[edit]

text: In September 2015, Tesla announced that the Model 3 would be unveiled in March 2016.[51] In January 2016, Musk said that the first official pictures of the car will be revealed at the end of March 2016.[52] Delivery would begin in late 2017 first on the U.S.'s west coast and then move eastwards.[53] Potential customers were first able to reserve a car at Tesla stores or online on March 31 with a refundable deposit of $1000.[54][55] In February 2016, Tesla indicated that the unveiling would be on March 31, 2016.[56] Employees of Tesla[57][58] and SpaceX were given early access to Model 3 reservation,[59] and about 10,000 signed up without discount,[60] scheduled to receive the first batch of cars.[61][54] Current owners of Tesla vehicles will get priority sales after employees but before the general public, as a reward for helping pay for the development of the Model 3.[54] Early production is usually more flawed: both the Model S and the Model X had several problems at the start of their production,[62][54] but have since improved.[63]

text: On the morning of March 31, 2016, tens of thousands of people waited in lines to place the refundable deposit to reserve a Model 3 for 2017 delivery.[64][65] During the Model 3 unveiling event, Tesla said that over 115,000 people had reserved the Model 3 in less than 24 hours prior;[66][67] more cars than Tesla had sold by that time.[14] 24 hours after opening reservations, Tesla had advanced orders for over 180,000 cars.[better source needed][68][69] Two days later, Tesla said they had 232,000 reservations.[14][70]

text: One week after the unveiling, Tesla said it had over 325,000 reservations, more than triple the number of Model S sedans sold by the end of 2015.[14][15] Musk said that 5% of reservations correspond to the maximum of two vehicles allowed per customer, "suggesting low levels of speculation",[71] and that 93% of Model 3 reservations are from new buyers who do not currently own a Tesla.[54] The previous record for advance deposits on a car was the 1955 Citroën DS that had 80,000 deposits during the ten days of the Paris Auto Show, while the Model 3 had 232,000 reservations in two days.[14]

text: According to Tesla's global vice-president Robin Ren, China is the second-largest market for the Model 3 after the US.[72] Tesla said the number of net reservations totaled about 373,000 as of  May 15, 2016[update], after about 8,000 customer cancellations and about 4,200 reservations canceled by the automaker because these appeared to be duplicates from speculators.[73][74] Upon its release in July 2017, there had been over 500,000 reservations for the Model 3,[75] with Musk later clarifying there were a net of 455,000 reservations outstanding, and an average of 1,800 reservations were being added per day.[16][17]

text: The cheapest Model 3 available comes with a price tag of $ 45000. It has a range of 430 km. A variant with an extended range (500 km) is priced at $ 54000. A future version of the Model 3 will come at the cost of $ 80000.[76]

text: Design[edit]

text: In 2013, design chief Franz von Holzhausen said that the Model 3 will "be an Audi A4, BMW 3 Series, Mercedes-Benz C-Class type of vehicle that will offer everything: range, affordability, and performance" that is targeted toward the mass market.[77] While technology from Tesla's Model S will be used in the Model 3,[78] it will be 20% smaller than the Model S[79] and have its own unique design.[80] According to Tesla's CTO, JB Straubel, in October 2015, most Tesla engineers were working on the 3 rather than S or X.[81][82] Since electric cars have lower cooling needs than combustion cars, the Model 3 does not have or need a front grille.[83] Musk intended for the final design to be released on June 30, 2016[84] but when the design was finished on July 27, it was not publicly released.[85] After the final design of the first Model 3, any further changes would be included in future versions of the Model 3.[86] The optional glass roof developed by Tesla Glass will be made of the same glass used for Tesla's roof tiles;[87] a glass roof was introduced on the Model S in late 2016.[88]

text: Production[edit]

text:
The Model 3 is mostly steel, with some aluminum.[89]
As of  December 2016[update], Tesla planned to increase the size of the Tesla Factory in Fremont, California to accommodate Model 3 production.[90][91][92][needs update]

text: Production stages[edit]

text: In a 2013 interview Jerome Guillen discussed "BlueStar" (codename for the Model 3 project), stating that Tesla was expecting to produce 400,000 cars per year.[93]

text: In May 2016, Tesla told its suppliers that it intended to double earlier-announced Model 3 production targets to 100,000 in 2017 and 400,000 in 2018 due to demand, which suppliers[94][95] and many experts viewed as unattainable.[96][97] In the Tesla Factory, paint lines for 500,000 automobiles commenced in 2015, and some stamping equipment for the Model 3 was operational by August 2016.[98] Tesla bought Grohmann Engineering, experienced in automated manufacturing, January 2017. This acquisition launched Tesla Advanced Automation Germany, which Tesla said would develop manufacturing processes to be used initially in Model 3 production.[99] According to Tesla in late 2016, the company expected to invest between US$2 billion and US$2.5 billion in capital expenditures ahead of the start of Model 3 production.[99]

text: After the two Alpha prototypes were shown (silver and black; red was a shell) in April 2016, Tesla finished the design in late July 2016. Tesla ordered parts equivalent to 300 Beta prototypes in August 2016, preparing for development of the assembly line.  As of August 2016, the company intended to make release candidates for testing prior to actual production.[100][101] Tesla began building Model 3 prototypes in early February 2017 as part of the testing of the vehicle design and manufacturing processes. Tesla said in late 2016 that initial crash test results had been positive.[99]

text: In October 2016, Tesla said its production timeline was on schedule.[102][103][104] Again in February 2017, Tesla said that vehicle development, supply chain and manufacturing are on track to support volume deliveries of the Model 3 in the second half of 2017. Limited vehicle production began in July 2017 and volume production was scheduled at that time to start by September 2017. As of February 2017, Tesla planned to ramp up production to exceed 5,000 vehicles per week in Q4 2017 and reach 10,000 vehicles per week in 2018.[99] However, Tesla missed their Q4 production target by far, as only 2,425 vehicles were produced during the entire 3-month period.[105][106] 5 months before, Musk claimed on Twitter that Tesla would be able to produce 20,000 Model 3 per month by December of the same year. Tesla's actual production numbers were therefore 93% lower than his prediction.[105]

text: Gigafactory 1 had been intended to produce battery packs for Model 3 and it was announced in January 2017 that Tesla would also manufacture drive units[clarification needed] at Gigafactory 1.[107] In February 2017, Tesla said that installation of Model 3 manufacturing equipment was underway in the Fremont factory and at Gigafactory 1, where in January, production of battery cells for energy-storage products began, which have the same form-factor as the cells that will be used in Model 3.[99]

text: Deliveries[edit]

text: As industry experts had predicted, Tesla did not meet the announced delivery targets.[108][109]  The first delivery was on July 7, 2017, to Musk himself.[110] The first 30 production units were delivered on July 28, 2017.[111]

text:
Tesla Model 3 vehicles per quarter

Quarter

Model 3 vehicles produced

2017 Q3[18]

260(222 delivered)

2017 Q4[19]

2,425(1,542 delivered)

2018 Q1[20]

9,766(8,182 delivered)

2018 Q2[21][112]

28,578(18,449 delivered)

2018 Q3[22][113]

53,239(56,065 delivered)

text: In early July 2017, Musk forecast at least six months of serious production difficulties.[114] Tesla's announced goal at that time was to produce 1,500 units in the third quarter of 2017, increasing to 5,000 per week by end of December 2017,[115] but only 260 vehicles were manufactured during the third quarter. The company blamed product bottlenecks but said there were "no fundamental issues with the Model 3 production or supply chain" and expressed confidence about its ability to resolve the bottlenecks in the near future.[116][117]

text: Tesla delivered 1,542 Model 3 cars in the fourth quarter of 2017,[19] about 2,900 less than Wall Street estimations, which were already halved previously after Tesla published the company's third quarter report.[118] Customer deliveries totaled 1,764 units in 2017.[18][19] By early November 2017, Musk postponed the target date for manufacturing 5,000 of the vehicles per week from December 2017 to March 2018.[119][42][119] An analyst with Cowan and Company, an investment banking firm, said "Elon Musk needs to stop over-promising and under-delivering".[120] Prior to a planned shutdown in mid-April to further increase production, Tesla produced more than 2,000 Model 3 vehicles for three straight weeks.[20]

text: Deliveries totaled 8,182 units in the first quarter, rose to 18,449 in the second, and achieved a record of 55,840 units in the third, totaling 82,471 units sold in the first nine months of 2018.[20][21][113] Since inception, deliveries totaled 84,460 units through September 2018.[18][19][20][21][22] In August 2018, the Model 3 surpassed the Nissan Leaf as world's best selling plug-in car during 2018, with a record of about 17,895 units delivered, a monthly sales record for plug-in cars previously held by the BAIC EC-Series.[121]

text: Since January 2018, the Model 3 has remained the top-selling plug-in car in the U.S. each month, with an estimated 78,132 units delivered through September 2018.[23] During the first half of 2018, the Model 3 was also the top selling alternative powertrain vehicle in California with 12,674 units, followed by the Toyota Prius conventional hybrid (10,043).[122]

text: By October 2018, Bloomberg reported that, in the U.S. market, Tesla Model 3 sales made it the fifth best-selling sedan in the previous quarter, behind the Toyota Camry and Corolla and Honda Civic and Accord models, but ahead of Nissan Sentra and Altima, Hyundai Elantra, Ford Fusion, and Chevrolet Cruze and Malibu models.[123] According to Tesla, the Model 3 will be delivered in Europe in February or March 2019.[124]

text: Issues[edit]

text: In May 2018, Consumer Reports Model 3 testing found "big flaws — such as long stopping distances in our emergency braking test and difficult-to-use controls”, finding the braking distance worse than a Ford F-150 full-size pickup truck, and causing it to not recommend the car. Tesla responded to the claims with concern and, a few days later (over a weekend), released an over-the-air (OTA) update fixing the anti-lock braking algorithm. Consumer Reports, impressed with the prompt - and unprecedented - brake fix OTA update, verified the improved braking performance and changed its rating to a recommended model.[125][126]

text: Specifications[edit]

text: The base Model 3 has a 50-kWh battery with a range of about 220 mi (350 km) and the optional 75-kWh battery has a range of about 310 mi (500 km).[2][127] The battery uses 2170-size lithium-ion cells[128] which have a higher energy density than the 18650-size cells used in previous Tesla vehicles by as much as 30%.[129]

text: The Model 3 battery pack is made of four longitudinal modules each containing the individual battery cells.[130] The Standard Battery version carries 2,976 cells arranged in groups of 31.[130]  The Long Range Battery version carries 4,416 cells arranged in groups of 46.[130]

text: The inverter for the Model 3 drive unit uses 24 pairs of Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET chips rated for 650 volts each.[131]

text: In July 2018, media reported that a Model 3 prototype had been seen in California and Nevada while towing a trailer in an apparent evaluation of a tow bar.[132]

text: The Model 3 uses regenerative braking, which was improved in October 2018 using a software update.[133]

text:
Specifications

Battery

Standard

Mid Range

Long Range

Powertrain

RWD

RWD

RWD

AWD

AWD Performance

Production

TBA

October 2018–present

July 2017–October 2018

July 2018–present

Base price (US market)

US$35,000[134]

US$46,000[5]

(was US$49,000)

US$53,000[5]

US$64,000[5]

Range

220 mi (354 km)[135]

260 mi (418 km)[5]

334 miles (538 km) combined
347 miles (558 km) city
318 miles (512 km) highway

308 miles (496 km) combined
319 miles (513 km) city
296 miles (476 km) highway

Efficiency

TBD

TBD

26 kWh per 100 miles (16kWh/100km)
MPGe 130 combined 136 city 123 highway

29 kWh per 100 miles (18kWh/100km)
MPGe 116 combined 120 city 112 highway

Battery capacity

50 kWh (180 MJ)[135]

62 kWh (220 MJ)

75 kWh (270 MJ)[136][129][6][137]

DC charging

130 miles (209 km) range available after 30 minutes[138]

TBD

170 miles (274 km) range available after 30 minutes[139]

AC charging

30 miles (48 km) range per hour (240 V outlet, 32 A)[135]

TBD

44 miles (71 km) range per hour (240 V outlet, 48 A)[135][140]

Powertrain

Single-Motor Rear-Wheel Drive[5][141][142]

Single-Motor Rear-Wheel Drive[5]

Single-Motor Rear-Wheel Drive[5][141][142]

Dual Motor All-Wheel Drive[5]

Motor

permanent magnet switched reluctance[143][144][145][146] rear

permanent magnet switched reluctance[143][144][145][146] rear

permanent magnet switched reluctance[143][144][145][146] rear

permanent magnet switched reluctance rear & induction front[143][144][145][146]

Curb Weight

3,552 lb (1,611 kg)[5]

3,686 lb (1,672 kg)[5]

3,805 lb (1,726 kg)[5]

4,072 lb (1,847 kg)[5]

Power

TBD

TBD

271 hp (202 kW)

346 hp (258 kW) combined
252 hp (188 kW) rear & 197 hp (147 kW) front

450 hp (336 kW) combined
283 hp (211 kW) rear & 197 hp (147 kW) front

Power to Weight

TBD

TBD

14 lb/hp (117 W/kg)

12 lb/hp (140 W/kg)

9 lb/hp (182 W/kg)

Torque

TBD

TBD

307 lb-ft (416 N-m)

389 lb-ft (527 N-m)

471 lb-ft (639 N-m)

Acceleration

0–60 mph (0–97 km/h)
5.6 seconds advertised[5][135][141]

0–60 mph (0–97 km/h)
5.6 seconds advertised[5]

0–60 mph (0–97 km/h)
5.1 seconds advertised[5][139][147]
(4.6 seconds tested[148])

0–60 mph (0–97 km/h)
4.5 seconds advertised[5]
(3.9 seconds tested[citation needed])

0–60 mph (0–97 km/h)
3.3 seconds advertised[5]
(3.2 seconds tested[149])

Top speed

130 mph (209 km/h)[134]

125 mph (201 km/h)[5]

140 mph (225 km/h)[134]

145 mph (233 km/h)[5]

Wheels

18-inch (457 mm) diameter 8.5-inch (216 mm) width 21.3 lb (9.7 kg), Aero wheel covers 2 lb (0.91 kg), 235/45R18 tires

Autonomous capability

Some active-safety autonomy[141][150], all vehicles include all hardware needed for Autopilot including 1 radar, 8 cameras, 12 sonar, and AI computer

Luggage

Rear 12 cu ft (340 L) and front 3 cu ft (85 L) trunks with 15 cu ft (425 L) total volume[141][5][151][152]

Rear seat

60/40-split-folding rear seat[153][154]

Display

Single center-mounted 15.4-inch (39 cm) LCD touchscreen in landscape orientation that combines the instrument cluster and infotainment[5][155][156]

Entry

Keyless NFC keycard and Bluetooth smartphone connection for vehicle access[157]

Options

Wheels

19-inch (480 mm) diameter 8.5-inch (220 mm) width 29.5 lb (13.4 kg), 235/40R19 tires

20-inch (508 mm) 8.5-inch (220 mm) 235/35R20 with Performance Upgrade package

Paint

Colors other than Solid Black (Midnight Silver Metallic, Deep Blue Metallic, Pearl White Multi-Coat, Red Multi-Coat)

Interior

TBA

Black or White

Black

Black or White

Roof

Center-roof-panel options: standard metal, glass,[141] with roof rack.[158] Rear roof and rear window is one continuous piece of glass.[141]

Premium Upgrade package

LED fog lamps, automatically-dimming power-folding heated side mirrors, tinted glass roof, docking for two smartphones, premium audio, 12-way power seats and steering column and side mirrors with driver profiles, premium seating materials, heated seating, rear USB ports

Performance Upgrade package

not available

Performance Brakes, 20" Wheels, Carbon Fiber Spoiler, Aluminum Pedals, 155 mph (249 km/h) max speed

Driver assistance

Enhanced Autopilot, TACC, lane-keeping, lane-changing, and self-parking modes[159] (Since all vehicles include all sensor hardware optional Autopilot and self-driving capabilities can be enabled later if not ordered at time of vehicle purchase)

text: Reception[edit]

text: Car-design columnist and former car designer for GM Robert Cumberford said the Model 3 "is an excellent design" and praised the front fascia skin that he thinks is superior to the black plastic simulated grille of the pre-refresh Model S.[160][161] Cumberford praised the Model 3's minimalist design, and "elegant simplicity" akin to Apple products.[162] Although he criticized the car's spoiler, he said the Model 3 has a design that would age well, and "in 10 years it will still look contemporary and beautifully understated, not old and irrelevant."[162]

text: Motor Trend said the nose was controversial and polarizing, but probably intentionally so.[163] Vanity Fair and others compared the Model 3 to the Ford Model T for its intended affordability as a volume-produced electric vehicle[164][165][166][167] and for its limited set of options, namely range, wheels and exterior color of which all but black costs extra.[168][169] Automotive journalist Doug DeMuro said the Model 3 was better, though $2,000 more expensive than, the BMW 340i and that it was the "coolest car of the year," later clarifying that this was based on the "long waiting lists, obsessive interest and news stories."[170] Alex Roy said that DeMuro's review had concentrated on hardware details and missed out on the bigger picture.[167]

text: Automotive-industry analyst Toni Sacconaghi of AllianceBernstein said after driving the latest Tesla vehicle in November 2017 that "Overall, we found the Model 3 to be a compelling offering, and believe it is likely to further galvanize the overall Electric Vehicle category." He was less impressed with build quality of the test samples. "Fit and finish on the two demo cars we saw—perhaps not surprisingly—was relatively poor." He said that there were quality issues at first with the Model X which led to some concern. "This is going to be a much, much higher-volume car, and if there are any quality issues, that could overwhelm the service centers and undermine the Tesla brand." Nonetheless, Sacconaghi was impressed with the ride quality, performance and interior space, and concluded that the 3 "risks cannibalizing the [very expensive] Model S going forward." [171]

text: Road and Track's Bob Sorokanich said the "Model 3 proves that Tesla is thinking far beyond the edges of the Model S and X. Stepping out of the 3, you realize that, as far as the S and X pushed the envelope, they were always meant as intermediaries, stepping stones designed to draw people away from comfortable convention and into the future of the automobile. ... The Model 3 is Tesla at its most unabashed. It's an automaker finally willing to abandon the skeuomorphism of a false radiator grille, the tradition of a driver-oriented gauge panel."[172]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Popular Mechanics named the Tesla Model 3 the magazine's Car of the Year. Popular Mechanics said the car represented the future of motoring, with "ferocious" acceleration, and novel and reliable autonomous features. The review said the car lacked a head-up display, but was overall impressive.[173]

text: Model 3 was given the 2018 Design of the Year award by Automobile magazine.[162]