document_title: Arsenal F.C.

question_text: how many times has arsenal won the epl

question_tokens: how many times has arsenal won the epl

text: Arsenal F.C.

text: History

text: 1886–1919: Changing names

text: On 1 December 1886, munitions workers in Woolwich, now South East London, formed Arsenal as Dial Square, with David Danskin as their first captain.[a] Named after the heart of the Royal Arsenal complex, they took the name of the whole complex a month later.[11][12] Royal Arsenal F.C.'s first home was Plumstead Common,[12] though they spent most of their time in South East London playing on the other side of Plumstead, at the Manor Ground. Royal Arsenal won Arsenal's first trophies in 1890 and 1891, and these were the only football association trophies Arsenal won during their time in South East London.[13][14]

text: Royal Arsenal renamed themselves for a second time upon becoming a limited liability company in 1893. They registered their new name, Woolwich Arsenal, with The Football League when the club ascended later that year.[15][16] Woolwich Arsenal was the first southern member of The Football League, starting out in the Second Division and winning promotion to the First Division in 1904. Falling attendances, due to financial difficulties among the munitions workers and the arrival of more accessible football clubs elsewhere in the city, led the club close to bankruptcy by 1910.[17][18] Businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall took the club over, and sought to move them elsewhere.

text: In 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Woolwich Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, North London. This saw their third change of name: the following year, they reduced Woolwich Arsenal to simply The Arsenal.[19][20] In 1919, The Football League voted to promote The Arsenal, instead of relegated local rivals Tottenham Hotspur, into the newly enlarged First Division, despite only listing the club sixth in the Second Division's last pre-war season of 1914–15. Some books have speculated that the club won this election to division one by dubious means.[b] Later that year, The Arsenal started dropping "The" in official documents, gradually shifting its name for the final time towards Arsenal, as it is generally known today.[24]

text: 1919–1953: The Bank of England Club

text: With a new home and First Division football, attendances were more than double those at the Manor Ground, and Arsenal's budget grew rapidly.[25][26] Their location and record-breaking salary offer lured star Huddersfield Town manager Herbert Chapman in 1925.[27][28] Over the next five years, Chapman built a new Arsenal. He appointed enduring new trainer Tom Whittaker,[29] implemented Charlie Buchan's new twist on the nascent WM formation,[30][31] captured young players like Cliff Bastin and Eddie Hapgood, and lavished Highbury's income on stars like David Jack and Alex James. With record-breaking spending and gate receipts, Arsenal quickly became known as the Bank of England club.[32][33]

text: Transformed, Chapman's Arsenal claimed their first national trophy, the FA Cup, in 1930. Two League Championships followed, in 1930–31 and 1932–33.[34] Chapman also presided over multiple off the pitch changes: white sleeves and shirt numbers were added to the kit;[c] a Tube station was named after the club;[38][39] and the first of two opulent, Art Deco stands was completed, with some of the first floodlights in English football.[26] Suddenly, in the middle of the 1933–34 season, Chapman died of pneumonia.[40] His work was left to Joe Shaw and George Allison, who saw out a hat-trick with the 1933–34 and 1934–35 titles, and then won the 1936 FA Cup and 1937–38 title.

text: World War II meant The Football League was suspended for seven years, but Arsenal returned to win it in the second post-war season, 1947–48. This was Tom Whittaker's first season as manager, after his promotion to succeed Allison, and the club had equalled the champions of England record. They won a third FA Cup in 1950, and then won a record-breaking seventh championship in 1952–53.[41] However, the war had taken its toll on Arsenal. The club had had more players killed than any top flight club,[42] and debt from reconstructing the North Bank Stand bled Arsenal's resources.[26][20]

text: 1953–1986: The long sleep, Mee and Neill

text: Arsenal were not to win the League or the FA Cup for another 18 years. The '53 Champions squad was old, and the club failed to attract strong enough replacements.[43] Although Arsenal were competitive during these years, their fortunes had waned; the club spent most of the 1950s and 1960s in midleague mediocrity.[44] Even former England captain Billy Wright could not bring the club any success as manager, in a stint between 1962 and 1966.[45]

text: Arsenal tentatively appointed club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as acting manager in 1966.[46][47] With new assistant Don Howe and new players such as Bob McNab and George Graham, Mee led Arsenal to their first League Cup finals, in 1967–68 and 1968–69. Next season saw a breakthrough: Arsenal's first competitive European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. And the season after, an even greater triumph: Arsenal's first League and FA Cup double, and a new champions of England record.[48] This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the rest of the decade was characterised by a series of near misses, starting with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.[47]

text: Former player Terry Neill succeeded Mee in 1976. At the age of 34, he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date.[49] With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club reached a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and lost the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only trophy during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.[50][51]

text: 1986–present: Graham to Wenger

text: One of Bertie Mee's double winners, George Graham, returned as manager in 1986. Arsenal won their first League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. By 1988, new signings Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon and Steve Bould had joined the club to complete the "famous Back Four" led by existing player Tony Adams.[52] They immediately won the 1988 Football League Centenary Trophy, and followed it with the 1988–89 Football League title, snatched with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool.[53] Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players,[d] and he was dismissed in 1995. His permanent replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.[56]

text: The club metamorphosed during the long tenure of manager Arsène Wenger, appointed in 1996. New, attacking football,[57] an overhaul of dietary and fitness practices,[e] and efficiency with money[f] have defined his reign. Accumulating key players from Wenger's homeland, such as Patrick Vieira and Thierry Henry, Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles".[66] This latter feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.[67]

text: Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first nine seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title.[68] The club had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.[69] In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.[70] Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively.

text: The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2.[71] A year later, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second time in a row, defeating Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles, a record which Manchester United would tie the following season.[72] Arsenal later won the FA Cup for a record 13th time, defeating Chelsea 2–1 in the 2017 final and once more becoming the outright leader in terms of FA Cups won. The victory also saw Wenger become the first manager in English football history to win seven FA Cups. However, in that same season, Arsenal finished in the fifth position in the league, the first time they had finished outside the top four since before Wenger arrived in 1996.[73]

text: Crest

text: Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannons viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannons.[74] This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.[74]

text: In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit - "victory comes from harmony" – coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer.[74] For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it. Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,[75] Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.[76] The cannon once again faces east and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon. Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.[77]

text: Until the 1960s, a badge was worn on the playing shirt only for high-profile matches such as FA Cup finals, usually in the form of a monogram of the club's initials in red on a white background.[78]

text: The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors.[79] From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.[78]

text: In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th year anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.[80]

text: Colours

text: For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball.[81] The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.[82][83] In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf.[84] Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts;[83] this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season.[84] In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe.[83]

text: Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time;[84] in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip.[85] In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas.[86] These teams still wear those designs to this day.

text: For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history.[87] Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip,[87] which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.

text: When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013.[88] Until 2014, the away kit was changed every season, and the outgoing away kit became the third-choice kit if a new home kit was being introduced in the same year.[89] Since Puma began manufacturing Arsenal's kits in 2014, new home, away and third kits are released every single season.[90]

text: Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors

text: Arsenal's shirts have been made by manufacturers including Bukta (from the 1930s until the early 1970s), Umbro (from the 1970s until 1986), Adidas (1986–1994), Nike (1994–2014), and Puma (from 2014).[91] Like those of most other major football clubs, Arsenal's shirts have featured sponsors' logos since the 1980s; sponsors include JVC (1982–1999), Sega (1999–2002), O2 (2002–2006), and Emirates (from 2006).[83][84]

text: Stadiums

text: Before joining the Football League, Arsenal played briefly on Plumstead Common, then at the Manor Ground in Plumstead, then spent three years between 1890 and 1893 at the nearby Invicta Ground. Upon joining the Football League in 1893, the club returned to the Manor Ground and installed stands and terracing, upgrading it from just a field. Arsenal continued to play their home games there for the next twenty years (with two exceptions in the 1894–95 season), until the move to north London in 1913.[92][93]

text: Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing.[26] The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.[26]

text: Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators.[94] This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.[95]

text: Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties.[26] These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time.[96] After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury.[97] The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs,[98] and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season.[99] The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million.[100] Some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names.[101] The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until the end of the 2018–19 season.[102] From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.[103]

text: Arsenal's players train at the Shenley Training Centre in Hertfordshire, a purpose-built facility which opened in 1999.[104] Before that the club used facilities on a nearby site owned by the University College of London Students' Union. Until 1961 they had trained at Highbury.[105] Arsenal's Academy under-18 teams play their home matches at Shenley, while the reserves play their games at Meadow Park,[106] which is also the home of Boreham Wood F.C..

text: Supporters

text: Arsenal fans often refer to themselves as "Gooners", the name derived from the team's nickname, "The Gunners". The fanbase is large and generally loyal, and virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity),[107] and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance.[108] Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke.[109][110][111][112] The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes. Much of the Afro-Caribbean support comes from the neighbouring London Borough of Hackney and a large portion of the South Asian Arsenal supporters commute to the stadium from Wembley Park, North West of the capital.

text: Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!. In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West").

text: There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters clubs were affiliated with the club.[113] A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million.[114] The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season.[6]

text: Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies.[115] Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title[116] – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea.[117] A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important.[118]

text: Ownership and finances

text: The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke.[119] Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007,[120] and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares off David Dein in August 2007.[121] Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and Iranian London-based financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016.[122] Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%).[123][124] In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%.[125][126] As of May 2017, Kroenke owns 41,721 shares (67.05%) and Red & White Securities own 18,695 shares (30.04%).[119] Ivan Gazidis has been the club's Chief Executive since 2009.[119]

text: Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,219 shares in Arsenal have been issued,[119] and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market. On 29 May 2017, a single share in Arsenal had a mid price of £18,000, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £1,119.9m.[127] Most football clubs aren't listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their values difficult. Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at $703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand.[128] Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $2.0 billion (£1.4 billion) in 2016, ranked second in English football.[7] Research by the Henley Business School also ranked Arsenal second in English football, modelling the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015.[129][130]

text: Arsenal's financial results for the 2014–15 season show group revenue of £344.5m, with a profit before tax of £24.7m.[131] The footballing core of the business showed a revenue of £329.3m. The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenizes and compares clubs' annual revenue. They put Arsenal's footballing revenue at £331.3m (€435.5m), ranking Arsenal seventh among world football clubs.[6] Arsenal and Deloitte both list the match day revenue generated by the Emirates Stadium as £100.4m, more than any other football stadium in the world.

text: In popular culture

text: Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio.[132][133] A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.[132][134] Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964.[132][135] BSkyB's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.[132][136]

text: As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related novels, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939), which was made into a film in the same year.[137] The story centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose players is poisoned while playing. Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves in the film and manager George Allison was given a speaking part.[138] More recently, the book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular. Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s.[139] The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win, and a 2005 American version features a fan of baseball's Boston Red Sox.[140]

text: Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s;[141][142] many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine.[138] Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.[138]

text: In the community

text: In 1985, Arsenal founded a community scheme, "Arsenal in the Community", which offered sporting, social inclusion, educational and charitable projects. The club support a number of charitable causes directly and in 1992 established The Arsenal Charitable Trust, which by 2006 had raised more than £2 million for local causes.[143] An ex-professional and celebrity football team associated with the club also raised money by playing charity matches.[144]

text: In the 2009–10 season Arsenal announced that they had raised a record breaking £818,897 for the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. The original target was £500,000.[145]

text: Save the Children has been Arsenal global charity partner since 2011 and have worked together in numerous projects to improve safety and well-being for vulnerable children in London and abroad. On 3 September 2016 The Arsenal Foundation has donated £1m to build football pitches for children in London, Iraq, Jordan and Somalia thanks to The Arsenal Foundation Legends Match against Milan Glorie at the Emirates Stadium.[146]

text: Statistics and records

text: Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18),[147] and they were the first club to reach a seventh and an eighth League Championship. As of May 2016, they are one of only six teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City and Leicester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.[148]

text: They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 13.[149] The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015.[150] Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999).[68][151] They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993.[152] Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.[153]

text: Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times. They have won the second most top flight league matches in English football, and have also accumulated the second most points,[154] whether calculated by two points per win[154] or by the contemporary points value.[155] They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive seasons (92 as of 2017–18).[3][156] Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing position for the 20th century, with an average league placement of 8.5.[4]

text: Arsenal hold the record for the longest run of unbeaten League matches (49 between May 2003 and October 2004).[67] This included all 38 matches of their title-winning 2003–04 season, when Arsenal became only the second club to finish a top-flight campaign unbeaten, after Preston North End (who played only 22 matches) in 1888–89.[66][157] They also hold the record for the longest top flight win streak.[158]

text: Arsenal set a Champions League record during the 2005–06 season by going ten matches without conceding a goal, beating the previous best of seven set by A.C. Milan. They went a record total stretch of 995 minutes without letting an opponent score; the streak ended in the final, when Samuel Eto'o scored a 76th-minute equaliser for Barcelona.[69]

text: David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches between 1975 and 1993. Fellow centre half and former captain Tony Adams comes second, having played 669 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by David Seaman, with 564 appearances.[159]

text: Thierry Henry is the club's top goalscorer with 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2012,[160] having surpassed Ian Wright's total of 185 in October 2005.[161] Wright's record had stood since September 1997, when he overtook the longstanding total of 178 goals set by winger Cliff Bastin in 1939.[162] Henry also holds the club record for goals scored in the League, with 175,[160] a record that had been held by Bastin until February 2006.[163]

text: Arsenal's record home attendance is 73,707, for a UEFA Champions League match against RC Lens on 25 November 1998 at Wembley Stadium, where the club formerly played home European matches because of the limits on Highbury's capacity. The record attendance for an Arsenal match at Highbury is 73,295, for a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 9 March 1935,[159] while that at Emirates Stadium is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3 November 2007.[164]

text: Players

text: First-team squad

text: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

text:
No.

Position
Player

2

DF
Mathieu Debuchy

4

DF
Per Mertesacker (captain)

6

DF
Laurent Koscielny (vice-captain)

7

FW
Alexis Sánchez

8

MF
Aaron Ramsey

9

FW
Alexandre Lacazette

10

MF
Jack Wilshere

11

MF
Mesut Özil

12

FW
Olivier Giroud

13

GK
David Ospina

14

FW
Theo Walcott

16

DF
Rob Holding

17

FW
Alex Iwobi

18

DF
Nacho Monreal

No.

Position
Player

19

MF
Santi Cazorla

20

DF
Shkodran Mustafi

21

DF
Calum Chambers

22

MF
Jeff Reine-Adélaïde

23

FW
Danny Welbeck

24

DF
Héctor Bellerín

29

MF
Granit Xhaka

30

MF
Ainsley Maitland-Niles

31

DF
Sead Kolašinac

32

FW
Chuba Akpom

33

GK
Petr Čech

34

MF
Francis Coquelin

35

MF
Mohamed Elneny

50

GK
Dejan Iliev

61

MF
Reiss Nelson

text: Out on loan

text:
No.

Position
Player

25

DF
Carl Jenkinson (on loan at Birmingham until the end of the 2017–18 season)[166]

26

GK
Emiliano Martínez (on loan at Getafe until the end of the 2017–18 season)

27

FW
Joel Campbell (on loan at Real Betis until the end of the 2017–18 season)

No.

Position
Player

28

FW
Lucas Pérez (on loan at Deportivo until the end of the 2017–18 season)[167]

—

FW
Takuma Asano (on loan at Stuttgart until the end of the 2017–18 season)[168]

text: Under 23s and Under 18s

text: Former players

text: Current technical staff

text:
Position
Name

Manager
 Arsène Wenger

Assistant manager
 Steve Bould

First-team coach
 Boro Primorac

First-team coach
 Neil Banfield

First-team coach
 Jens Lehmann

Goalkeeping coach
 Gerry Peyton

Head of performance
 Shad Forsythe

Fitness coach
 Berick Kolisić

Head of medical services
 Colin Lewin

Club doctor
 Gary O'Driscoll

First-team physiotherapist
 Ben Ashworth

First-team physiotherapist
 Andrew Rolls

First-team physiotherapist
 James Haycock

First team strength and conditioning coach
 Barry Solan

Assistant fitness coach
 Craig Gant

Masseur
 Darren Page

Masseur
 Chris Harvey

Masseur
 Chris Senior

Soft tissue therapist
 Takahiro Yamamoto

Kit manager
 Vic Akers

Assistant kit manager
 Paul Akers

Equipment manager
 Paul Johnson

Performance nutritionist
 James Collins

Senior Football Analyst
 Ben Knapper

First Team Analyst
 Mark Curtis

Football Analyst Assistant
 Sam Hayball

text: Managers

text: There have been eighteen permanent and five caretaker managers of Arsenal since the appointment of the club's first professional manager, Thomas Mitchell in 1897.[171] The club's longest-serving manager, in terms of both length of tenure and number of games overseen, is Arsène Wenger, who was appointed in 1996.[172][173] Wenger is also Arsenal's only manager from outside the United Kingdom.[173] Two Arsenal managers have died in the job – Herbert Chapman and Tom Whittaker.[174]

text: Honours

text: As of 28 May 2017.[g] Seasons in bold are seasons when the club won a Double of the league and FA Cup, or of the FA Cup and League Cup. The 2003–04 season was the only 38-match league season unbeaten in English football history. A special gold version of the Premier League trophy was commissioned and presented to the club the following season.[184]

text: EFL and Premier League

text: First Division (until 1992) and Premier League

text: League Cup

text: League Centenary Trophy

text: The FA

text: FA Cup

text: FA Community Shield (FA Charity Shield before 2002)

text: UEFA

text: UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (European Cup Winners' Cup before 1994)

text: Inter-Cities Fairs Cup[h]

text: County FAs

text: When the FA Cup was the only national football association competition available to Arsenal, the other football association competitions were County Cups, and they made up many of the competitive matches the club played during a season. Arsenal's first first-team trophy was a County Cup, the inaugural Kent Senior Cup. After Arsenal joined the Football League in 1893, the county fixtures declined in importance. Due to the club's original location within the borders of both the London and Kent Football Associations, Arsenal competed in and won trophies organized by each.

text: Other

text: Arsenal Women

text: Arsenal Women are the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal. Founded as Arsenal Ladies F.C. in 1987 by Vic Akers, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are currently managed by Clair Wheatley. Akers currently holds the role of Honorary President of Arsenal Women.[185][186] As part of the festivities surrounding their 30th anniversary in 2017, the club announced that they were changing their formal name to Arsenal Women F.C., and would use "Arsenal" in all references except rare cases where there might be confusion with the men's side.[187]

text: Arsenal Women are the most successful team in English women's football. In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup,[188] and, as of 2017, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup or UEFA Women's Champions League, having won the Cup in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple.[189] The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Women are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Boreham Wood.[190] At present the women have won 46 trophies in their 30-year history.[191]

text: Footnotes

text:
Jump up ^ Woolwich and Plumstead were officially part of Kent until the creation of the County of London in 1889. The Arsenal History provides primary sources on the name, first meeting, and first match.[8] Bernard Joy says Danskin was captain at founding.[9] Danskin was made official captain the next month.[10]
Jump up ^ It has been alleged that Arsenal's promotion, on historical grounds rather than merit, was thanks to underhand actions by Norris, who was chairman of the club at the time; see History of Arsenal F.C. (1886–1966) for more details. This speculation ranges from political machinations to outright bribery; no evidence of any wrongdoing has ever been found. A brief account is given in Soar & Tyler.[21] A more detailed account can be found in Spurling.[22] Various primary sources are provided by Andy Kelly.[23]
Jump up ^ The new shirts are exhibited in The Arsenal Shirt.[35] Newspaper accounts of the addition of white sleeves are provided by Mark Andrews.[36] The contemporary discussion around the first use of shirt numbers, and its initial trial by Chelsea F.C., is provided by Neil Glackin.[37]
Jump up ^ Graham was banned for a year by the Football Association for his involvement in the scandal after he admitted he had received an "unsolicited gift" from Hauge.[54][55]
Jump up ^ These changes have received contemporary attention,[58] and later praise[59] and skepticism.[60] For context of the broader use of science in English football, see Soccer Science.[61]
Jump up ^ Several analyses indicate strong league performance across the Wenger period, given Arsenal's footballing outlays, including a regression analysis on wage bills,[62] regression on transfer spending,[63] regression on both,[64] and a bootstrapping approach for the period 2004–09.[65]
Jump up ^ For a record of all matches participated in by Arsenal, see the AISA Arsenal History Society's line-ups database.[175] For corroboration, multiple other sources exist.[176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183]
Jump up ^ Although not organised by UEFA, UEFA took over the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1971 and reformed it into the UEFA Cup (now UEFA Europa League). As the official precursor to the UEFA Europa League, it is included here under UEFA.


document_title: A Christmas Carol (1984 film)

question_text: who played tiny tim in a christmas carol 1984

root

text: A Christmas Carol (1984 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On Christmas Eve in 1843 London, Ebenezer Scrooge, a miserly money-lender at a local counting house, does not share the merriment of Christmas. He declines Fred Hollywell's invitation for Christmas dinner and reluctantly accepts his loyal employee Bob Cratchit's offer to have Christmas off since there will be no business for Scrooge during the day. As he leaves for the Royal Stock Exchange, Scrooge encounters Bob's ill son Tiny Tim waiting across from Scrooge's office. After initially mistaking Tim for a beggar, Scrooge assures him that he will have a long wait for his father in the cold before leaving.

tag: p

text: In the stock exchange, Scrooge is greeted by three other businessmen who wish to purchase some corn; they had delayed in concluding the deal, apparently in hopes that Scrooge would lower his price. To their dismay, however, Scrooge informs them that the price has gone up 5% because of the delay, and unless they come to an agreement, the price would go up another 5% the next day. Before leaving, Scrooge informs them that he will not ship without the cash in hand. After being approached by two gentlemen collecting money for charity, Mr. Poole and Mr. Hacking, Scrooge turns down their offer. In his house, Scrooge encounters the ghost of his deceased business partner Jacob Marley, who warns him to repent his wicked ways or he will be condemned in the afterlife like he did, carrying heavy chains forged for his own greedy ways. He informs Scrooge that three time-travelling spirits will visit him for that night.

text: At one o'clock, the child-like Ghost of Christmas Past visits Scrooge and takes him back in time to his childhood and early adult life. They visit Scrooge's time as a boarding school student. He sees his father Silas, who has him become an employee under Fezziwig, and his sister Fan, who died after giving birth to Fred. Eventually becoming a successful career in money lending and business, SCrooge becomes engaged to a woman named Belle. However, the Ghost shows Scrooge how Belle left him when he chose his wealth over her. A distraught Scrooge puts out the spirit with its cap as he returns to the present.

text: At two o'clock, Scrooge meets the Ghost of Christmas Present, who shows him the joys and wonder of Christmas Day. Scrooge and the Ghost visit Bob's house, learning his family is surprisingly content with their small dinner, Scrooge taking pity on Tim. Scrooge and the spirit go to a desolate street, where the latter disappears, warning Scrooge about the evils of "Ignorance" and "Want". The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come arrives, appearing as a silent, cloaked shadow, and takes Scrooge into the future. Scrooge witnesses the businessmen discussing the death of an unnamed colleague where they would only attend the funeral if lunch is provided. The spirit shows him that several of his possessions have been stolen and brought to fence named Old Joe. The spirit transports Scrooge to Bob's residence where he learns Tim had died. Scrooge is escorted to a cemetery, where the spirit points out his own grave, revealing Scrooge was the man who died. Realizing this, Scrooge decides to change his ways.

text: Awakening in his bedroom on Christmas Day, Scrooge finds the ghosts had visited him all in one night. Gleeful at having survived the spirits, Scrooge decides to surprise Bob's family with a turkey dinner, ventures out with the charity workers and the citizens of London to spread happiness in the city, and accepts Fred's invitation after reconciling with him. The following day, he gives Cratchit a raise and becomes like "a second father" to Tim, who escapes death. A changed man, Scrooge now treats everyone with kindness, generosity, and compassion; he now embodies the spirit of Christmas.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
George C. Scott – Ebenezer Scrooge
Mark Strickson – Young Ebenezer Scrooge
Frank Finlay – Marley's Ghost
Angela Pleasence – Ghost of Christmas Past
Edward Woodward – Ghost of Christmas Present
Michael Carter – Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come
David Warner – Bob Cratchit
Susannah York – Mrs. Cratchit
Anthony Walters – Tiny Tim Cratchit
Roger Rees – Fred Hollywell/Narrator
Caroline Langrishe – Janet Hollywell
Lucy Gutteridge – Belle (Scrooge's unappreciated fiancée)
Nigel Davenport – Silas Scrooge (Ebenezer and Fan's cruel father)
Joanne Whalley – Fan Scrooge (Ebenezer's beloved sister and Fred's mother)
Timothy Bateson – Mr. Fezziwig
Michael Gough – Mr. Poole
John Quarmby – Mr. Hacking
Peter Woodthorpe – Old Joe
Liz Smith – Mrs. Dilber
John Sharp – Tipton
Derek Francis – Pemberton
Danny Davies – Forbush
Brian Pettifer – Ben
Catherine Hall – Meg
Cathryn Harrison – Kate
Note: Local resident, Martin Wood was both Woodward's stand-in and Carter's body double.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: This movie was filmed on location in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, in The Midlands. It originally aired on the American television network CBS on 17 December 1984, and was released theatrically in Great Britain. The U.S. debut was sponsored by IBM, which purchased all of the commercial spots for the two-hour premiere. The film brought in a 20.7/30 rating/share, winning its time slot and ranking No. 10 for the week.[1] The film was marketed with the tagline "A new powerful presentation of the most loved ghost story of all time!" Scott was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or a Special for his portrayal of Scrooge.

text: The movie has run in syndication on local American channels since it debuted in 1984, earning a loyal fanbase, but was not released on VHS until 1989 (in the UK)[2] and to DVD in 1999. This was because Scott himself (and later his estate through Baxter Healthcare, to whom the Scott family donated their copyright) owned the rights to this film. On 25 November 2007, it returned to national television on AMC for the first time since its debut, and the network continues to broadcast it each December under license from the Scott estate and 20th Century Fox (the latter's distribution rights the result of their owning the video rights). In 2009, the Hallmark Channel also ran the movie soon after Thanksgiving. It remains among most beloved of the several adaptations of A Christmas Carol. In 2009, the film was re-released on DVD by Fox, with updated box art but the same menu and features as the previous DVD release. Fox released it on Blu-ray in December 2010.

text: Differences between book and film[edit]

text: Although the film was very close to the book, there were a few changes:

text:
Scrooge's nephew Fred, whose full name was never given in the book, is surnamed Hollywell. His wife, whose name was also never mentioned in the book, is called Janet. The Blind man's buff game, with Topper cheating, is changed to a game of Similes.
In the book, the three spirits are promised to visit Scrooge at one on two successive nights then at midnight on the third night; in this version the visitations all happen on the same night, starting at 1 am.
Although Marley's ghost initially appears transparent as described in the book, it "solidifies" immediately after. Also, as it makes its exit, although audiences hear moans when Scrooge looks outside from his window, the street is quiet and empty. In the book, he sees a vision of other ghosts in chains like Marley's wandering in torment for being selfish, greedy misers when these people were living.
As in the 1951 film version with Alastair Sim, it is mentioned in a dialogue between Scrooge and the Ghost of Christmas Past that Scrooge's mother died giving birth to him; Ebenezer explains that his father resented him because of this. Fan's appearance and personality suggest that she is younger than Ebenezer but it is not explained how Scrooge can have a younger sister if his mother died giving birth to him, unless Fan is his half-sister, though a stepmother to Scrooge is not seen or mentioned. It is possible that despite her youthful appearance and attitude, Fan is actually the older sibling; however, Scrooge addressing her as "Little Fan" implies she is younger than he is, although it may also refer to her being petite.
This is the first version to actually show Scrooge's father (here named Silas Scrooge), a character referred to in the book but never seen. Despite his agreeing to grant Fan's request to let Scrooge come home for Christmas, he makes it quite clear to Ebenezer when he comes personally to pick him up from school that he still wants nothing to do with his son, and plans to ship him off to Mr. Fezziwig's establishment as soon as Christmas is over. Yet, Ebenezer is not disowned completely, as the elder Scrooge did leave him "a small inheritance," which became the foundation of the young man's financial success. Silas's gruff treatment of Fan is not explained.
A subplot is added to explain what it was that caused Ebenezer to dedicate his life to the accumulation of money, putting the kindly youth on a path to hard-heartedness. During the visions of the Ghost of Christmas Past, it is shown that young Scrooge believed his lack of a fortune made him unworthy of Belle's attention and that to deserve her he must be able to finance their future together.
The period during Scrooge's time with the Ghost of Christmas Present when, in the novel, they roam the world observing the goodness of people in all situations is represented in the movie by a scene featuring an impoverished family surviving under a bridge with London's homeless population, unwilling to separate by abandoning the father and going to the poorhouse.
The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come does not speak but is accompanied by an eerie metallic noise that evokes the screech of a cemetery's gate.
Scott's Scrooge differs from most portrayals in that not only is he stocky rather than scrawny, he is portrayed as a ruthless businessman rather than an archetypal miser.
Another difference from typical portrayals is the dry humor exhibited by Scott's Scrooge, who laughs at his own joke when delivering the "stake of holly through his heart" line.
Scrooge in this version stops at the Royal Stock Exchange on his way home from work, not only giving us a look at how ruthless he is in dealing with his colleagues, but also it is where he encounters the charity collectors rather than at his office.
In the rag and bottle shop scene, the undertaker and the charwoman are omitted, leaving only the laundress Mrs. Dilber to sell off the dead Scrooge's bed curtains and other stolen belongings to Old Joe. Liz Smith, who plays Mrs. Dilber here, would reprise the character in the 1999 television film adaptation with Patrick Stewart. The young couple who are relieved that Scrooge has died and that they will be able to pay off their debt to a more lenient creditor, are also not seen.
Scrooge does not appear at Fred's house on Christmas Day during dinner and asks to be let in, but rather arrives beforehand to accept the invitation if it still stands, which Fred joyously says it does. Scrooge also asks Fred's pardon for the things he said the day before regarding Christmas.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Novelist and essayist Louis Bayard, writing for Salon.com, described this adaptation as "the definitive version of a beloved literary classic", praising its fidelity to Dickens' original story, the strength of the supporting cast, and especially Scott's performance as Scrooge.[3]

text: Novelist Anne Rice has stated: "I've always been obsessed with Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, absolutely obsessed with the idea that three spirits would come to Scrooge and transform him. I mean, I'm overly obsessed with A Christmas Carol. I've watched the English film version of it probably more than anyone in history has ever watched it, and read and re-read the story, trying to think how to redo a modern version, wanting very much for there to be a new film version, and being furious with the one they did for TV with George C. Scott. Did you see that? It was awful. And Scrooge, the one with Albert Finney, which at least was better than nothing. I'll sit and watch that rather than have nothing." (Conversations with Anne Rice by Michael Riley (Ballantine, 1996), pg 284–285)


document_title: Saturday Night Live cast members

question_text: who is the longest running snl cast member

text: Saturday Night Live cast members

text: All cast members[edit]

text: The list below includes both repertory and featured players past and present, but omits SNL writers and others who were not listed as cast members during the show's credits. The dates given are those of the years they were part of the cast. The chart also shows whether the cast member has served as a guest host, appeared as the anchorperson of the "Weekend Update" segment (by any of its titles), or has been the subject of their own "Best of" home video collection. Many of the cast members were writers as well.

text:
Performer

Years active

No. of seasons

Repertory player

Featured player only

"Weekend Update" anchor

Hosted

Best of...

Writer

Fred Armisen

2002–2013

11

Y

Y

Dan Aykroyd

1975–1979

4

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Peter Aykroyd

1979–1980

1

Y

Y

Morwenna Banks

1994–1995

1

Y

Vanessa Bayer

2010–2017

7

Y

Jim Belushi

1983–1985

2

Y

Y

John Belushi

1975–1979

4

Y

Y

Y

Beck Bennett

2013–present

5

Y

Jim Breuer

1995–1998

3

Y

Paul Brittain

2010–2012

2

Y

A. Whitney Brown

1985–1991

6

Y

Y

Aidy Bryant

2012–present

6

Y

Beth Cahill

1991–1992

1

Y

Dana Carvey

1986–1993

7

Y

Y

Y

Chevy Chase

1975-1977

2

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Michael Che

2014–present

4

Y

Y

Y

Ellen Cleghorne

1991–1995

4

Y

George Coe

1975–1976

1

Y

Billy Crystal

1984–1985

1

Y

Y

Y

Y

Jane Curtin

1975–1980

5

Y

Y

Joan Cusack

1985–1986

1

Y

Pete Davidson

2014–present

4

Y

Tom Davis

1977–1980

3

Y

Y

Mikey Day

2016–present

2

Y

Y

Denny Dillon

1980–1981

1

Y

Jim Downey

1979–1980

1

Y

Y

Robert Downey Jr.

1985–1986

1

Y

Y

Brian Doyle-Murray

1979–19801981–1982

2

Y

Y

Y

Rachel Dratch

1999–2006

7

Y

Robin Duke

1980–1984

4

Y

Y

Nora Dunn

1985–1990

5

Y

Christine Ebersole

1981–1982

1

Y

Y

Dean Edwards

2001–2003

2

Y

Abby Elliott

2008–2012

4

Y

Chris Elliott

1994–1995

1

Y

Jimmy Fallon

1998–2004

6

Y

Y

Y

Y

Siobhan Fallon

1991–1992

1

Y

Chris Farley

1990–1995

5

Y

Y

Y

Will Ferrell

1995–2002

7

Y

Y

Y

Tina Fey

2000–2006

6

Y

Y

Y

Y

Will Forte

2002–2010

8

Y

Al Franken

1977–19801985–19861988–1995

11

Y

Y

Heidi Gardner

2017–present

1

Y

Janeane Garofalo

1994–1995

1

Y

Ana Gasteyer

1996–2002

6

Y

Gilbert Gottfried

1980–1981

1

Y

Mary Gross

1981–1985

4

Y

Y

Y

Christopher Guest

1984–1985

1

Y

Y

Y

Bill Hader

2005–2013

8

Y

Y

Anthony Michael Hall

1985–1986

1

Y

Brad Hall

1982–1984

2

Y

Y

Rich Hall

1984–1985

1

Y

Y

Darrell Hammond

1995–2009

14

Y

Phil Hartman

1986–1994

8

Y

Y

Y

Y

Jan Hooks

1986–1991

5

Y

Yvonne Hudson

1980–1981

1

Y

Melanie Hutsell

1991–1994

3

Y

Victoria Jackson

1986–1992

6

Y

Leslie Jones

2014–present

4

Y

Y

Colin Jost

2013–present

5

Y

Y

Y

Chris Kattan

1995–2003

8

Y

Y

Tim Kazurinsky

1980–1984

4

Y

Y

Laura Kightlinger

1994–1995

1

Y

Y

Taran Killam

2010–2016

6

Y

David Koechner

1995–1996

1

Y

Gary Kroeger

1982–1985

3

Y

Matthew Laurance

1980–1981

1

Y

Julia Louis-Dreyfus

1982–1985

3

Y

Y

Jon Lovitz

1985–1990

5

Y

Y

Y

Norm Macdonald

1993–1998

5

Y

Y

Y

Y

Gail Matthius

1980–1981

1

Y

Y

Michael McKean

1993–1995

2

Y

Y

Mark McKinney

1994–1997

3

Y

Kate McKinnon

2012–present

7

Y

Tim Meadows

1990–2000

10

Y

Y

Y

Laurie Metcalf

1980–1981

1

Y

Seth Meyers

2001–2014

13

Y

Y

Y

John Milhiser

2013–2014

1

Y

Dennis Miller

1985–1991

6

Y

Y

Y

Jerry Minor

2000–2001

1

Y

Y

Finesse Mitchell

2003–2006

3

Y

Alex Moffat

2016–present

2

Y

Jay Mohr

1993–1995

2

Y

Y

Kyle Mooney

2013–present

5

Y

Tracy Morgan

1996–2003

7

Y

Y

Y

Garrett Morris

1975–1980

5

Y

Y

Bobby Moynihan

2008–2017

9

Y

Eddie Murphy

1980–1984

4

Y

Y

Y

Y

Bill Murray

1976–1980

4

Y

Y

Y

Y

Mike Myers

1988–1995

7

Y

Y

Y

Y

Kevin Nealon

1986–1995

9

Y

Y

Y

Laraine Newman

1975–1980

5

Y

Don Novello

1979–19801985–1986

2

Y

Y

Y

Luke Null

2017–present

1

Y

Mike O'Brien

2013–2014

1

Y

Y

Michael O'Donoghue

1975–1978

3

Y

Y

Cheri Oteri

1995–2000

5

Y

Y

Chris Parnell

1998–2006

8

Y

Nasim Pedrad

2009–2014

5

Y

Jay Pharoah

2010–2016

6

Y

Joe Piscopo

1980–1984

4

Y

Y

Amy Poehler

2001–2009

8

Y

Y

Y

Y

Emily Prager

1980–1981

1

Y

Randy Quaid

1985–1986

1

Y

Colin Quinn

1995–2000

5

Y

Y

Y

Gilda Radner

1975–1980

5

Y

Y

Chris Redd

2017–present

1

Y

Jeff Richards

2001–2004

3

Y

Rob Riggle

2004–2005

1

Y

Ann Risley

1980–1981

1

Y

Tim Robinson

2012–2013

1

Y

Y

Chris Rock

1990–1993

3

Y

Y

Y

Charles Rocket

1980–1981

1

Y

Y

Tony Rosato

1980–1982

2

Y

Y

Jon Rudnitsky

2015–2016

1

Y

Maya Rudolph

1999–2008

9

Y

Y

Andy Samberg

2005–2012

7

Y

Y

Y

Adam Sandler

1990–1995

5

Y

Y

Y

Horatio Sanz

1998–2006

8

Y

Y

Tom Schiller

1979–1980

1

Y

Y

Rob Schneider

1990–1994

4

Y

Y

Paul Shaffer

1979–1980

1

Y

Y

Molly Shannon

1994–2001

7

Y

Y

Y

Harry Shearer

1979–19801984–1985

2

Y

Y

Martin Short

1984–1985

1

Y

Y

Y

Sarah Silverman

1993–1994

1

Y

Y

Y

Jenny Slate

2009–2010

1

Y

Robert Smigel

1991–1993

2

Y

Y

David Spade

1990–1996

6

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pamela Stephenson

1984–1985

1

Y

Ben Stiller

1988–1989

1

Y

Y

Cecily Strong

2012–present

6

Y

Y

Jason Sudeikis

2004–2013

9

Y

Y

Julia Sweeney

1990–1994

4

Y

Terry Sweeney

1985–1986

1

Y

Y

Kenan Thompson

2003–present

15

Y

Danitra Vance

1985–1986

1

Y

Melissa Villaseñor

2016–present

2

Y

Dan Vitale

1985–1986

1

Y

Nancy Walls

1995–1996

1

Y

Michaela Watkins

2008–2009

1

Y

Damon Wayans

1985–1986

1

Y

Y

Patrick Weathers

1980–1981

1

Y

Noël Wells

2013–2014

1

Y

Brooks Wheelan

2013–2014

1

Y

Kristen Wiig

2005–2012

7

Y

Y

Casey Wilson

2007–2009

2

Y

Fred Wolf

1995–1997

2

Y

Y

Sasheer Zamata

2014–2017

4

Y

Alan Zweibel

1979–1980

1

Y

Y

tag: table

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Lighter colors denote "featured players" versus repertory cast members.

text: Notable tenures[edit]

text: Longest tenures[edit]

text: These are the cast members who have spent at least ten seasons on the show.

text:
Performer
No. of seasons
Notes

Kenan Thompson
15
Thompson holds the record of being the longest-tenured cast member in the show's history, having been a cast member since 2003. He is also the first person born after SNL's premiere in 1975 to have joined the cast (he was born in 1978). Thompson is also the only current cast member who was hired in the 2000s to still be on the show.

Darrell Hammond
14
Hired after a cast overhaul in 1995, he is the last cast member hired in the 1990s to leave the show, and the oldest cast member to leave the show (age 53 when he left the show in 2009). In 2014, Hammond returned to the show where he replaced Don Pardo as the show's announcer after Pardo's death, and often appears in sketches, reprising old roles such as Donald Trump and Bill Clinton.

Seth Meyers
13
He joined the show in 2001. In 2006, he starting anchoring Weekend Update and in 2012, his tenure on Weekend Update reached its seventh season, making him the longest-serving Weekend Update anchor (breaking the records held by Dennis Miller and Tina Fey). He continued to anchor Update until he left the show in February 2014 to take over hosting duties for Late Night.

Fred Armisen
11
Armisen joined the show in 2002, and left at the end of season 38 in 2013.

Al Franken
Hired as a writer in the beginning of the series, as the show progressed, he and Tom Davis were allowed to perform material on-air sporadically, starting in 1977. He left the show in 1980, but returned to the show when Lorne Michaels came back in 1985, regaining his writing and on-air featured status, and came back in the finale episode of season 11 in 1986, and after a few years off, he came back for on-and-off featured status in 1988 and stayed until 1995. Later elected the junior United States Senator from Minnesota in 2009, and then he resigned in Jan. 2018.

Tim Meadows
10
Meadows joined the show in early 1991. He left the show at the end of the season 25, which ended in 2000, after ten seasons on the show.

text: Shortest tenures[edit]

text: These cast members spent less than a full 20-episode season on the show.[1]

text:
Performer
No. of episodes
Notes

Emily Prager
0
Hired by Dick Ebersol to be a featured player, she appeared in a few sketches at dress rehearsal in what would be the final episode of season six, due to the Writers' Guild of America going on strike in 1981. She did not return to the SNL cast in season seven. This technically makes her the shortest tenured SNL cast member. Although she did not appear in the single episode for which she was credited as a featured player, she had appeared uncredited in five previous episodes.[2]

Laurie Metcalf
1
She also was hired as part of Ebersol's temporary season six cast following the termination of Jean Doumanian, and appeared on-camera in a Weekend Update piece. When the show was put on hiatus for retooling, she was not chosen to return to the show for the season seven cast.

Dan Vitale
3
Hired as an on-and-off featured player for season 11, he was only credited with appearing in three episodes throughout the season.

Morwenna Banks
4
She was hired as a repertory player for the last four episodes of season 20, but was let out of her contract as part of a major cast overhaul Lorne Michaels had planned for season 21.

Ben Stiller
4
Before becoming a cast member, he submitted a short film – a parody of the film The Color of Money – that was shown on the season 12 episode hosted by Charlton Heston. He was hired during season 14, but quit after four episodes due to creative differences. Despite this, he returned to host in 1998 and 2011.

Fred Wolf
4
He's been a writer since 1992. However, he became a featured player in near the end season 21 for the last four episodes, however, he only appeared and was credited for episodes 17, 18, and 20. His last episode was in the 3rd episode of the 22nd season. After that episode, he decided to leave the show for good.

Tom Schiller
7
One of the show writers who was upgraded to cast member status during season five, he left the show at the end of the season.

Patrick Weathers
7
Hired as a featured cast member for season six, he was fired along with many of Doumanian's cast.

George Coe
8
He was one of the original "Not-Ready-for-Primetime Players", because NBC wanted someone older in the cast. He was credited for only the first three episodes, though he continued to make several uncredited appearances throughout the first season. He was later known for voicing the valet Woodhouse in the animated series Archer.

Yvonne Hudson
8
She was a recurring extra during season five, and became the first black female cast member in season six. Like many of Doumanian's cast, she was fired mid-season.

Jim Downey
9
He was hired as one of many writers-turned-feature players in season five, and though he left the cast after the season, he returned to the show as a writer in the mid-1980s and has remained with it.

Matthew Laurance
10
Hired as a feature player during season six, he was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Alan Zweibel
11
A writer for the show before joining the cast in  season five, he left after the season finale.

Gilbert Gottfried
12
He joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Michael O'Donoghue
12
One of the original "Not Ready for Primetime Players" and the show's first head writer, he was dropped as a cast member after a few episodes. He remained with the show as a writer (leaving and returning twice) and occasional on-screen performer.

Ann Risley
12
She joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Charles Rocket
12
He joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul, after having dropped an f-bomb one episode prior.

Damon Wayans
12
Hired for season 11 as a featured player, he was fired mid-season for improvising on the air. He returned as a guest to perform stand-up comedy on season 11's last episode and hosted SNL in 1995.

Beth Cahill
13
She joined the show during season 17 as an off-and-on featured player. She did not return the following season, as she was fired along with castmate Siobhan Fallon.

Denny Dillon
13
She joined the cast for season six and was let go after the finale as part of the cast overhaul. She auditioned for the show's first season, but did not make the cut.

Gail Matthius
13
She joined the cast for season six and was let go after the season ended.

Paul Shaffer
13
After being the band's pianist for the first five seasons, he joined the cast during season five, but left after the finale. He hosted SNL in 1987, making him the only member of the house band to do so.

Janeane Garofalo
14
She joined the cast during season 20, but quit mid-season due to creative differences.

Michaela Watkins
15
She joined the show on the first episode after the 2008 United States presidential election, then was let go before the start of season 35.

Peter Aykroyd
16
He joined the show midway through season five, but left at the end of the season, after only 16 episodes.

text: Youngest cast members[edit]

text:
Performer
Age when joined show
Tenure

Anthony Michael Hall
17 years old
1985–1986

Eddie Murphy
19 years old
1980–1984

Robert Downey Jr.
20 years, 5 months
1985–1986

Pete Davidson
20 years, 10 months
2014–present

Abby Elliott
21 years, 5 months
2008–2012

Julia Louis-Dreyfus
21 years, 8 months
1982–1985

Sarah Silverman
22 years, 9 months
1993–1994

Jay Pharoah
22 years, 11 months
2010–2016

text: Oldest cast members[edit]

text:
Performer
Age when joined show
Tenure

Leslie Jones
47 years old
2014–present

George Coe
46 years, 155 days
1975

Michael McKean
46 years, 147 days
1994–1995

Darrell Hammond
39 years old
1995–2009

Garrett Morris
38 years, 8 months
1975–1980

Phil Hartman
38 years, 1 month
1986–1994

Mike O'Brien
37 years old
2013–2014

Michaela Watkins
36 years, 11 months
2008–2009

Colin Quinn
36 years, 9 months
1996–2000

Christopher Guest
36 years, 8 months
1984–1985

Mikey Day
36 years, 7 months
2016-present

text: After 14 seasons, Hammond left as the show's oldest active cast member, ending his tenure at 53 years old during his final season in 2009.

text: President of the United States impressionists[edit]

text: Portraying the sitting President of the United States is considered "about as high [...] an honor that can be bestowed upon a cast member."[3]

text:
President

Performer (years)

Gerald Ford

Chevy Chase (1975–76)

Jimmy Carter

Dan Aykroyd (1977–79) Joe Piscopo (1980–81)

Ronald Reagan

Charles Rocket (1981) Joe Piscopo (1981–84) Harry Shearer (1984) Randy Quaid (1985–86) Phil Hartman (1986–89)

George H. W. Bush

Dana Carvey (1989–93)

President

Performer (years)

Bill Clinton

Phil Hartman (1993–94) Michael McKean (1994–95) Darrell Hammond (1995–2001)

George W. Bush

Will Ferrell (2001–2002) Chris Parnell (2002–2003) Darrell Hammond (2003) Will Forte (2004–2006) Jason Sudeikis (2006–2008)

Barack Obama

Fred Armisen (2009–12)Jay Pharoah (2012–16)

Donald Trump

Alec Baldwin[n 1] (2017–present)

text: Darrell Hammond had the longest tenure portraying a U.S. president, with Bill Clinton from 1995–2001, and George W. Bush during 2003. Hammond also portrayed Richard Nixon in season 34, episode 12.

text: Michael McKean portrayed Bill Clinton during a brief period after Phil Hartman's departure. There was also a sketch featuring Chris Farley, David Spade, Chris Elliott, Adam Sandler, and Tim Meadows auditioning for the role of Clinton. There was also a gag in a 2001 sketch with Tracy Morgan filling in for Will Ferrell as George W. Bush.

text: Another noteworthy presidential portrayal was that of Dan Aykroyd as former president Richard Nixon from 1975–79.

text: Jim Carrey, while never having been an SNL cast member, portrayed Ronald Reagan in Funny or Die's Presidential Reunion of SNL Presidents (which reunited Chase as Ford, Aykroyd as Carter, Carvey as George H. W. Bush, Hammond as Clinton, Ferrell as George W. Bush, and Armisen as Obama), because two of the actors who previously portrayed Reagan had died since and the other three had declined to appear in the reunion. Carrey did, however, audition to be a cast member for the 1980–81 season; he hosted the show in May 1996, January 2011, and October 2014.

text: Donald Trump, having been a public figure before being president, was portrayed by several cast members over the years. He was portrayed by Phil Hartman (1988–90), Darrell Hammond (1999–11, 2015–16), Jason Sudeikis (2012) and Taran Killam (2015).

text: Emmy Awards[edit]

text: The Primetime Emmy Awards are presented by the American Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. These are the cast members who won or were nominated for an Emmy for their work while in the cast.

text:
Year

Performer

Category

Result

Ref.

1976

Chevy Chase

Performance in a Variety or Music Program - Supporting Actor

Won

1977

Nominated

John Belushi

Nominated

Gilda Radner

Performance in a Variety or Music Program - Supporting Actress

Nominated

1978

Dan Aykroyd

Performance in a Variety or Music Program - Supporting Actror

Nominated

John Belushi

Nominated

Jane Curtin

Performance in a Variety or Music Program - Supporting Actress

Nominated

Gilda Radner

Won

1984

Eddie Murphy

Performance in a Variety or Music Program

Nominated

Joe Piscopo

Nominated

1985

Billy Crystal

Nominated

1986

Jon Lovitz

Nominated

1987

Nominated

1989

Dana Carvey

Nominated

1990

Nominated

1991

Nominated

1992

Nominated

1993

Won

1994

Phil Hartman

Nominated

Mike Myers

Nominated

2000

Molly Shannon

Nominated

2001

Will Ferrell

Nominated

text:
Year

Performer

Category

Result

Ref.

2008

Amy Poehler

Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Nominated

2009

Nominated

Kristen Wiig

Nominated

2010

Nominated

2011

Nominated

2012

Nominated

Bill Hader

Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series

Nominated

2013

Nominated

2014

Kate McKinnon

Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Nominated

2015

Nominated

2016

Won

2017

Won

[4]

Vanessa Bayer

Nominated

Leslie Jones

Nominated

text: Both cast and hosts[edit]

text: As of May 2016, there are 33 SNL hosts who, at one point in their careers, were either a repertory or featured member of the SNL cast.

text:
Host
Number ofepisodes
First hosted
Last hosted

Fred Armisen
1

May 21, 2016

Dan Aykroyd
1

May 17, 2003

Dana Carvey
4
October 22, 1994
February 5, 2011

Chevy Chase
8[5]
February 18, 1978
February 15, 1997

Billy Crystal
2
March 17, 1984
May 12, 1984

Robert Downey Jr.
1

November 16, 1996

Jimmy Fallon
3
December 17, 2011
April 15, 2017

Chris Farley
1

October 25, 1997

Will Ferrell
4
May 14, 2005
January 27, 2018

Tina Fey
6
February 23, 2008
May 19, 2018

Bill Hader
2
October 11, 2014
March 17, 2018

Phil Hartman
2
March 23, 1996
November 23, 1996

Julia Louis-Dreyfus
3
May 13, 2006
April 16, 2016

Jon Lovitz
1

November 8, 1997

Norm Macdonald
1

October 23, 1999

Michael McKean
1

November 3, 1984

Tracy Morgan
2
March 14, 2009
October 17, 2015

Eddie Murphy
2
December 11, 1982
December 15, 1984

Bill Murray
5
March 7, 1981
February 20, 1999

Mike Myers
1

March 22, 1997

Don Novello
2
January 14, 1984
May 12, 1984

Amy Poehler
2
September 25, 2010
December 19, 2015

Chris Rock
2
November 2, 1996
November 1, 2014

Maya Rudolph
1

February 18, 2012

Andy Samberg
1

May 17, 2014

Paul Shaffer
1

January 31, 1987

Molly Shannon
1

May 12, 2007

Martin Short
3
December 6, 1986
December 15, 2012

Sarah Silverman
1

October 4, 2014

David Spade
2
November 7, 1998
March 12, 2005

Ben Stiller
2
October 24, 1998
October 8, 2011

Damon Wayans
1

April 8, 1995

Kristen Wiig
2
May 11, 2013
November 19, 2016

text: "SNL Curse"[edit]

text: Although SNL is best known as the launchpad for many successful careers, nine former cast members have died before the age of 60. This has given rise to a superstition known as the "Saturday Night Live Curse".[6][7][8]

text:
Cast member
Age
Date of death
Cause of death

John Belushi
33
March 5, 1982
Belushi died of a drug overdose from a speedball injection (cocaine and heroin). His death led to the conviction of Cathy Smith for administering the fatal injection.

Gilda Radner
42
May 20, 1989
Radner died from ovarian cancer. She was originally scheduled to host the season 13 finale, a first for a former female cast member. However, SNL was canceled due to a Writer's Guild of America (WGA) strike. Radner's health worsened the following year. Moments before the season 14 finale, news broke of Radner's death. In lieu of the opening monologue Steve Martin, visibly shaken, introduced a replay of the "Dancing in the Dark" sketch he and Radner had performed in a 1978 episode;[9] her ex-husband G. E. Smith performed a musical tribute to Radner with the SNL band.

Danitra Vance
40
August 21, 1994
Vance died of breast cancer, which had returned after a remission three years earlier.

Michael O'Donoghue
54
November 8, 1994
O'Donoghue died from cerebral hemorrhage after suffering from severe chronic migraine headaches for most of his life. Bill Murray honored O'Donoghue's memory in an appearance on a season 20 episode[10] (hosted by Sarah Jessica Parker with musical guest R.E.M.) by replaying his sketch "Mr. Mike's Least Loved Bedtime Stories: The Soiled Kimono" from 1977.[11]

Chris Farley
33
December 18, 1997
Similar to Belushi, Farley died of a drug overdose from a speedball. His death occurred less than two months after he came back to host SNL, which turned out to be his final television appearance.

Phil Hartman
49
May 28, 1998
Hartman was murdered by his wife, Brynn, while he slept in his Encino, California home. Before committing this crime, Brynn had allegedly consumed a combination of cocaine, alcohol, and the antidepressant drug Zoloft, and later killed herself. During SNL's 25th anniversary special in 1999, several of Hartman's peers honored his memory by replaying his sketch "Love is a Dream" from 1988.

Charles Rocket
56
October 7, 2005
Rocket was found dead in his Canterbury, Connecticut backyard. Local police concluded his death a suicide; Rocket had allegedly taken his own life by slashing his throat with a box cutter.

Tom Davis
59
July 19, 2012
Davis died from head and neck cancer.

Jan Hooks
57
October 9, 2014
Hooks died of throat cancer after a long illness.[12]