document_title: Demography of the United States

question_text: what is the largest age group in america

question_tokens: what is the largest age group in america

text: Demography of the United States

text: History[edit]

text: In 1900, when the U.S. population was 76 million, there were 66.8 million Whites in the United States, representing 88% of the total population,[24] 8.8 million Black Americans, with about 90% of them still living in Southern states,[25] and slightly more than 500,000 Hispanics.[26]

text: Under the law, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,[27] the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased,[28] from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007.[29] Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s.[30] In 2009, 37% of immigrants originated in Asia, 42% in North America, and 11% in Africa.[31]

text: In 1900, non-Hispanic whites comprised almost 97% of the population of the 10 largest American cities.[32] The Census Bureau reported that minorities (including Hispanic whites) made up 50.4% of the children born in the U.S. between July 2010 and July 2011,[33] compared to 37% in 1990.[34]

text: In 2010 the state with the lowest fertility rate was Rhode Island, with a rate of 1.63, while Utah had the greatest rate with a rate of 2.45.[20] This correlates with the ages of the states' populations: Rhode Island has the ninth-oldest median age in the US—39.2—while Utah has the youngest—29.0.[35]

text: Vital statistics[edit]

text: The U.S. total fertility rate as of 2010 census is 1.931:

text:
1.948 for White Americans (including White Hispanics)

1.791 for non-Hispanic Whites

1.972 for Black Americans (including Black Hispanics)

1.958 for non-Hispanic Blacks

1.404 for Native Americans (including Hispanics)
1.689 for Asian Americans (including Hispanics)

text:
2.350 for Hispanics (of all racial groups)
1.831 for non-Hispanics (of all racial groups)

text: (Note that ~95% of Hispanics are included as "white Hispanics" by CDC, which does not recognize the Census' "Some other race" category and counts people in that category as white.)

text: Source: National Vital statistics report based on 2010 US Census data[20]

text: Vital statistics[edit]

text:
Average population (x 1,000)[37]
Live births
Deaths
Natural change
Crude birth rate (per 1,000)
Crude death rate (per 1,000)[38]
Natural change (per 1,000)
Total fertility rate

1935
127,362
2,377,000
1,392,752
984,248
18.7
10.9
7.7
2.19

1936
128,181
2,355,000
1,479,228
875,772
18.4
11.5
6.8
2.15

1937
128,961
2,413,000
1,450,427
962,573
18.7
11.2
7.5
2.17

1938
129,969
2,496,000
1,381,391
1,114,609
19.2
10.6
8.6
2.22

1939
131,028
2,466,000
1,387,897
1,078,103
18.8
10.6
8.2
2.17

1940
132,165
2,559,000
1,417,269
1,142,000
19.4
10.8
8.6
2.23

1941
133,002
2,703,000
1,397,642
1,305,358
20.3
10.5
9.8
2.33

1942
134,464
2,989,000
1,385,187
1,603,813
22.2
10.3
11.9
2.55

1943
136,003
3,104,000
1,459,544
1,644,306
22.8
10.7
12.1
2.64

1944
138,083
2,939,000
1,411,338
1,644,456
21.2
10.2
11.0
2.49

1945
139,994
2,858,000
1,401,719
1,456,281
20.4
10.0
10.4
2.42

1946
140,008
3,411,000
1,395,617
2,015,383
24.1
10.0
14.1
2.86

1947
145,023
3,817,000
1,445,370
2,371,630
26.6
10.0
16.6
3.18

1948
148,013
3,637,000
1,444,337
2,192,663
24.9
9.8
15.1
3.03

1949
149,336
3,649,000
1,443,607
2,205,393
24.5
9.7
14.8
3.04

1950
151,861
3,632,000
1,452,454
2,180,000
24.1
9.6
14.5
3.03

1951
154,056
3,823,000
1,482,099
2,340,901
24.8
9.6
15.2
3.20

1952
156,431
3,913,000
1,496,838
2,416,162
25.0
9.6
15.4
3.30

1953
159,047
3,965,000
1,447,459
2,517,541
25.2
9.1
16.1
3.36

1954
161,948
4,078,000
1,481,091
2,596,909
24.8
9.3
15.5
3.48

1955
163,476
4,097,000
1,528,717
2,568,283
25.0
9.3
14.3
3.52

1956
166,578
4,218,000
1,564,476
2,653,524
25.1
9.3
15.8
3.63

1957
169,637
4,308,000
1,633,128
2,666,872
25.3
9.5
15.8
3.71

1958
172,668
4,255,000
1,647,886
2,607,114
24.4
9.5
14.9
3.65

1959
175,642
4,244,796
1,656,814
2,587,982
24.0
9.4
14.7
3.66

1960
179,979
4,257,850
1,711,982
2,545,868
23.7
9.5
14.1
3.65

1961
182,992
4,268,326
1,701,522
2,566,804
23.3
9.3
14.0
3.62

1962
185,771
4,167,362
1,756,720
2,410,642
22.4
9.5
12.9
3.46

1963
188,483
4,098,020
1,813,549
2,284,471
21.7
9.6
12.1
3.32

1964
191,141
4,027,490
1,798,051
2,229,439
21.1
9.4
11.7
3.19

1965
193,526
3,760,358
1,828,136
1,932,222
19.4
9.5
9.9
2.91

1966
195,576
3,606,274
1,863,149
1,743,125
18.4
9.5
8.9
2.72

1967
197,457
3,520,959
1,851,323
1,669,636
17.8
9.4
8.4
2.56

1968
199,399
3,501,564
1,930,082
1,571,482
17.6
9.7
7.9
2.46

1969
201,385
3,600,206
1,921,990
1,678,216
17.9
9.5
8.4
2.46

1970
203,984
3,731,386
1,921,031
1,810,355
18.4
9.4
9.0
2.480

1971
206,827
3,555,970
1,927,542
1,628,428
17.2
9.3
7.9
2.266

1972
209,284
3,258,411
1,963,944
1,294,467
15.6
9.4
6.2
2.010

1973
211,357
3,136,965
1,973,003
1,163,962
14.8
9.5
5.3
1.879

1974
213,342
3,159,958
1,934,388
1,225,570
14.8
9.1
5.7
1.835

1975
215,465
3,144,198
1,892,879
1,251,319
14.6
8.8
5.8
1.774

1976
217,563
3,167,788
1,909,440
1,258,348
14.6
8.8
5.8
1.738

1977
219,760
3,326,632
1,899,597
1,427,035
15.1
8.6
6.5
1.789

1978
222,095
3,333,279
1,927,788
1,405,491
15.0
8.7
6.3
1.760

1979
224,567
3,494,398
1,913,841
1,580,557
15.6
8.5
7.1
1.808

1980
227,225
3,612,258
1,989,841
1,622,417
15.9
8.8
7.1
1.839

1981
229,466
3,629,238
1,977,981
1,651,257
15.8
8.6
7.2
1.812

1982
231,664
3,680,537
1,974,797
1,705,740
15.9
8.5
7.4
1.827

1983
233,792
3,638,933
2,019,201
1,619,732
15.6
8.6
6.9
1.799

1984
235,825
3,669,141
2,039,369
1,629,772
15.6
8.6
6.9
1.806

1985
237,924
3,760,561
2,086,440
1,674,121
15.8
8.8
7.0
1.844

1986
240,133
3,756,547
2,105,361
1,651,186
15.6
8.8
6.9
1.837

1987
242,289
3,809,394
2,123,323
1,686,071
15.7
8.8
7.0
1.872

1988
244,499
3,909,510
2,167,999
1,741,511
16.0
8.9
7.1
1.934

1989
246,819
4,040,958
2,150,466
1,890,492
16.4
8.7
7.7
2.014

1990
249,623
4,158,212
2,148,463
2,009,749
16.7
8.6
8.1
2.081

1991
252,981
4,110,907
2,169,518
1,941,389
16.2
8.6
7.7
2.062

1992
256,514
4,065,014
2,175,613
1,889,401
15.8
8.5
7.4
2.046

1993
259,919
4,000,240
2,268,553
1,731,687
15.4
8.7
6.7
2.019

1994
263,126
3,952,767
2,278,994
1,673,773
15.0
8.7
6.4
2.001

1995
266,278
3,899,589
2,312,132
1,587,457
14.6
8.7
6.0
1.978

1996
269,394
3,891,494
2,314,690
1,576,804
14.4
8.6
5.9
1.976

1997
272,647
3,880,894
2,314,245
1,566,649
14.2
8.5
5.7
1.971

1998
275,854
3,941,553
2,337,256
1,604,297
14.3
8.5
5.8
1.999

1999
279,040
3,959,417
2,391,399
1,568,018
14.2
8.6
5.6
2.007

2000
282,172
4,058,814
2,403,351
1,655,463
14.4
8.5
5.9
2.056

2001
285,082
4,025,933
2,416,425
1,609,508
14.1
8.5
5.6
2.030

2002
287,804
4,021,726
2,443,387
1,578,339
14.0
8.5
5.5
2.020

2003
290,326
4,089,950
2,448,288
1,641,662
14.1
8.4
5.5
2.047

2004
293,046
4,112,052
2,397,615
1,714,437
14.0
8.2
5.9
2.051

2005
295,753
4,138,349
2,448,017
1,690,332
14.0
8.3
5.7
2.057

2006
298,593
4,265,555
2,426,264
1,839,291
14.3
8.1
6.2
2.108

2007
301,580
4,316,234
2,423,712
1,892,522
14.3
8.0
6.3
2.120

2008
304,375
4,247,694
2,471,984
1,775,710
14.0
8.1
5.9
2.072

2009
307,007
4,130,665
2,437,163
1,693,502
13.5
7.9
5.6
2.002

2010
309,330
3,999,386
2,468,435
1,530,951
13.0
8.0
5.0
1.931

2011
311,583
3,953,590
2,515,458
1,438,412
12.7
8.1
4.6
1.894

2012
313,874
3,952,841
2,543,279
1,409,562
12.6
8.1
4.5
1.880

2013
316,129
3,932,181
2,596,993
1,336,183
12.4
8.2
4.2
1.857

2014
319,113
3,988,076
2,626,418
1,361,658
12.5
8.2
4.3
1.862

2015
321,442
3,978,497
2,712,630
1,265,867
12.4
8.4
4.0
1.843

2016
323,100
3,941,109
2,733,000
1,209,000
12.2
8.4
3.8
1.818

text: Population density[edit]

text: The most densely populated state is New Jersey (1,121/mi2 or 433/km2). See List of U.S. states by population density for maps and complete statistics.

text: The United States Census Bureau publishes a popular "dot" or "nighttime" map showing population distribution at resolutions of 1,000 and 7,500 people,[39] as well as complete listings of population density by place name.[40]

text: Cities[edit]

text: The United States has dozens of major cities, including 31 "global cities"[41] of all types, with 10 in the "alpha" group of global cities: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, DC, Boston, San Francisco, Miami, Philadelphia, Dallas, and Atlanta.[42] As of 2011[update], the United States had 51 metropolitan areas with a population of over 1,000,000 people each. (See Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas.)

text: As of 2011[update], about 250 million Americans live in or around urban areas. That means more than three-quarters of the U.S. population shares just about three percent of the U.S. land area.[43]

text: The following table shows the populations of the top twenty metropolitan areas. Note Denver and Baltimore have over 2.5 million residents in their metro areas.

text:
Leading population centers (see complete list)

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Rank
Core city (cities)
Metro area population
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Region[44]

New York City

Los Angeles

Chicago

Dallas

1
New York
20,153,634
New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA MSA
Northeast

2
Los Angeles
13,310,447
Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA MSA
West

3
Chicago
9,512,999
Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI MSA
Midwest

4
Dallas–Fort Worth
7,233,323
Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX MSA
South

5
Houston
6,656,947
Houston–The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA
South

6
Washington, D.C.
6,772,470
Washington, DC–VA–MD–WV MSA
South

7
Philadelphia
6,070,500
Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA
Northeast

8
Miami
6,066,387
Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FL MSA
South

9
Atlanta
5,789,700
Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA
South

10
Boston
4,794,447
Boston–Cambridge–Quincy, MA–NH MSA
Northeast

11
San Francisco
4,679,166
San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont, CA MSA
West

12
Phoenix
4,661,537
Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler, AZ MSA
West

13
Riverside–San Bernardino
4,527,837
Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario, CA MSA
West

14
Detroit
4,297,617
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI MSA
Midwest

15
Seattle
3,798,902
Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA
West

16
Minneapolis–St. Paul
3,551,036
Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI MSA
Midwest

17
San Diego
3,317,749
San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos, CA MSA
West

18
Tampa–St. Petersburg
3,032,171
Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA
South

19
Denver
2,853,077
Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO MSA
West

20
St. Louis
2,807,002
St. Louis MO–IL MSA
Midwest

Based on 2015 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau[45]

text: Race and ethnicity[edit]

text: Race[edit]

text: The United States Census Bureau collects racial data in accordance with guidelines provided by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and these data are based on self-identification. The racial classifications and definitions used by the U.S. Census Bureau are:[46]

text: White: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.

text: Black or African American: a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa.

text: American Indian or Alaska Native: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.

text: Asian: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.

text: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.

text: Other races: includes all other responses not included in the "White", "Black or African American", "American Indian or Alaska Native", "Asian", and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" racial categories described above.

text: Two or more races: people may choose to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, providing multiple responses, or some combination of check boxes and other responses.

text: According to the 2010–2015 American Community Survey, the racial composition of the United States in 2015 was: [47]

text:
Race
Population (2015 est.)
Share of total population

Total
316,515,021
100%

One race
307,067,138
97.0%

  White
232,943,055
73.6%

  Black or African American
39,908,095
12.6%

  American Indian and Alaska Native
2,569,170
0.8%

  Asian
16,235,305
5.1%

  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
546,255
0.2%

  Some other race
14,865,258
4.7%

Two or more races
9,447,883
3.0%

  White and Black or African American
2,407,385
0.8%

  White and American Indian and Alaska Native
1,846,997
0.6%

  White and Asian
1,871,046
0.6%

  Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native
311,538
0.1%

text:
State or territory
Population
(2015 est.)
White
Black or
African American
American Indian
and Alaska Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian and
Other Pacific Islander
Some other race
Two or more races

Alabama
4,830,620
68.8%
26.4%
0.5%
1.2%
0.1%
1.3%
1.7%

Alaska
733,375
66.0%
3.4%
13.8%
5.9%
1.2%
1.3%
8.4%

Arizona
6,641,928
78.4%
4.2%
4.4%
3.0%
0.2%
6.5%
3.2%

Arkansas
2,958,208
78.0%
15.5%
0.6%
1.4%
0.2%
2.1%
2.1%

California
38,421,464
61.8%
5.9%
0.7%
13.7%
0.4%
12.9%
4.5%

Colorado
5,278,906
84.2%
4.0%
0.9%
2.9%
0.1%
4.3%
3.5%

Connecticut
3,593,222
77.3%
10.3%
0.2%
4.2%
0.0%
5.1%
2.8%

Delaware
926,454
69.4%
21.6%
0.3%
3.6%
0.0%
2.3%
2.7%

District of Columbia
647,484
40.2%
48.9%
0.3%
3.7%
0.0%
4.2%
2.7%

Florida
19,645,772
76.0%
16.1%
0.3%
2.6%
0.1%
2.5%
2.4%

Georgia
10,006,693
60.2%
30.9%
0.3%
3.6%
0.0%
2.8%
2.1%

Hawaii
1,406,299
25.4%
2.0%
0.2%
37.7%
9.9%
1.1%
23.7%

Idaho
1,616,547
91.7%
0.6%
1.3%
1.3%
0.1%
2.4%
2.6%

Illinois
12,873,761
72.3%
14.3%
0.2%
5.0%
0.0%
5.8%
2.2%

Indiana
6,568,645
84.2%
9.2%
0.2%
1.9%
0.0%
2.3%
2.2%

Iowa
3,093,526
91.2%
3.2%
0.3%
2.0%
0.1%
1.3%
2.0%

Kansas
2,892,987
85.2%
5.8%
0.8%
2.6%
0.1%
2.2%
3.3%

Kentucky
4,397,353
87.6%
7.9%
0.2%
1.3%
0.0%
0.9%
2.1%

Louisiana
4,625,253
62.8%
32.1%
0.6%
1.7%
0.0%
1.0%
1.8%

Maine
1,329,100
95.0%
1.1%
0.6%
1.1%
0.0%
0.2%
2.0%

Maryland
5,930,538
57.6%
29.5%
0.3%
6.0%
0.0%
3.6%
3.0%

Massachusetts
6,705,586
79.6%
7.1%
0.2%
6.0%
0.0%
4.2%
2.9%

Michigan
9,900,571
79.0%
14.0%
0.5%
2.7%
0.0%
1.1%
2.6%

Minnesota
5,419,171
84.8%
5.5%
1.0%
4.4%
0.0%
1.5%
2.7%

Mississippi
2,988,081
59.2%
37.4%
0.4%
1.0%
0.0%
0.9%
1.2%

Missouri
6,045,448
82.6%
11.5%
0.4%
1.8%
0.1%
1.1%
2.4%

Montana
1,014,699
89.2%
0.5%
6.5%
0.7%
0.1%
0.5%
2.5%

Nebraska
1,869,365
88.1%
4.7%
0.9%
2.0%
0.1%
1.9%
2.2%

Nevada
2,798,636
69.0%
8.4%
1.1%
7.7%
0.6%
8.8%
4.4%

New Hampshire
1,324,201
93.7%
1.3%
0.2%
2.4%
0.0%
0.5%
1.8%

New Jersey
8,904,413
68.3%
13.5%
0.2%
9.0%
0.0%
6.4%
2.5%

New Mexico
2,084,117
73.2%
2.1%
9.1%
1.4%
0.1%
10.9%
3.3%

New York
19,673,174
64.6%
15.6%
0.4%
8.0%
0.0%
8.6%
2.9%

North Carolina
9,845,333
69.5%
21.5%
1.2%
2.5%
0.1%
3.0%
2.4%

North Dakota
721,640
88.7%
1.6%
5.3%
1.2%
0.0%
0.8%
2.2%

Ohio
11,575,977
82.4%
12.2%
0.2%
1.9%
0.0%
0.8%
2.5%

Oklahoma
3,849,733
73.1%
7.2%
7.3%
1.9%
0.1%
2.6%
7.8%

Oregon
3,939,233
85.1%
1.8%
1.2%
4.0%
0.4%
3.4%
4.1%

Pennsylvania
12,779,559
81.6%
11.0%
0.2%
3.1%
0.0%
2.0%
2.1%

Rhode Island
1,053,661
81.1%
6.5%
0.5%
3.2%
0.0%
5.8%
2.8%

South Carolina
4,777,576
67.2%
27.5%
0.3%
1.4%
0.1%
1.5%
2.0%

South Dakota
843,190
85.0%
1.6%
8.6%
1.2%
0.0%
0.9%
2.6%

Tennessee
6,499,615
77.8%
16.8%
0.3%
1.6%
0.1%
1.5%
2.0%

Texas
26,538,614
74.9%
11.9%
0.5%
4.2%
0.1%
6.0%
2.5%

Utah
2,903,379
87.6%
1.1%
1.1%
2.2%
0.9%
4.5%
2.6%

Vermont
626,604
94.9%
1.1%
0.3%
1.4%
0.0%
0.3%
1.9%

Virginia
8,256,630
69.0%
19.2%
0.3%
6.0%
0.1%
2.2%
3.2%

Washington
6,985,464
77.8%
3.6%
1.3%
7.7%
0.6%
3.8%
5.2%

West Virginia
1,851,420
93.6%
3.3%
0.2%
0.7%
0.0%
0.2%
2.0%

Wisconsin
5,742,117
86.5%
6.3%
0.9%
2.5%
0.0%
1.7%
2.1%

Wyoming
579,679
91.0%
1.1%
2.2%
0.9%
0.1%
2.1%
2.7%

Puerto Rico
3,583,073
69.7%
8.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
12.0%
9.3%

text: Hispanic or Latino origin[edit]

text: The U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines "Hispanic or Latino" as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. People who identify with the terms “Hispanic” or “Latino” are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the decennial census questionnaire and various Census Bureau survey questionnaires – “Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano” or ”Puerto Rican” or “Cuban” – as well as those who indicate that they are “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin.”[48] People who identify their origin as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.[46]

text:
Hispanic or Latino and Race
Population (2015 est.)
Percentage of total population

Total
316,515,021
100%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
54,232,205
17.1%

  White
35,684,777
11.3%

  Black or African American
1,122,369
0.3%

  American Indian and Alaska Native
490,557
0.1%

  Asian
181,231
0.0%

  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
46,724
0.0%

  Some other race
14,226,829
4.5%

  Two or more races
2,479,718
0.8%

Not Hispanic or Latino
262,282,816
82.9%

text: Other groups[edit]

text: There were 22.1 million veterans in 2009,[49] meaning that less than 10% of Americans served in the Armed Forces.[50]

text: In 2010, The Washington Post estimated that there were 11 million illegal immigrants in the country.[51]

text: There were about 2 million people in prison in 2010.[52]

text: The 2000 U.S. Census counted same-sex couples in an oblique way; asking the sex and the relationship to the "main householder", whose sex was also asked. One organization specializing in analyzing gay demographic data reported, based on this count in the 2000 census and in the 2000 supplementary survey, that same-sex couples comprised between 0.99% and 1.13% of U.S. couples in 2000.[53] A 2006 report issued by The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation concluded that the number of same-sex couples in the U.S. grew from 2000 to 2005, from nearly 600,000 couples in 2000 to almost 777,000 in 2005. A 2006 UCLA study reported that 4.1% of Americans aged 18–45 identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[54]

text: A 2011 report by the Institute estimated that 4 million adults identify as gay or lesbian, representing 1.7% of the population over 18. A spokesperson said that, until recently, few studies have tried to eliminate people who had occasionally undertaken homosexual behavior or entertained homosexual thoughts, from people who identified as lesbian or gay.[55] (Older estimates have varied depending on methodology and timing; see Demographics of sexual orientation for a list of studies.) The American Community Survey from the 2000 U.S. Census estimated 776,943 same-sex couple households in the country as a whole, representing about 0.5% of the population.[54]

text: Projections[edit]

text:
U.S. Census Population projections (2012)[56]

2015
2050

White Americans1
77.4%
70.8%

> Non-Hispanic Whites
61.8%
46.6%

Black Americans1
13.2%
14.4%

Asian Americans1
5.3%
7.7%

Multiracial Americans1
2.6%
5.4%

Hispanics/Latinos (of any race)
17.8%
28.0%

1 Including Hispanics

text: A report by the U.S. Census Bureau projects a decrease in the ratio of Whites between 2010 and 2050, from 79.5% to 74.0%.[57] At the same time, Non-Hispanic Whites are projected to no longer make up a majority of the population by 2042, but will remain the largest single ethnic group. In 2050 they will compose 46.3% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites made up 85% of the population in 1960.[58]

text: The report foresees the Hispanic or Latino population rising from 16% today to 30% by 2050, the Black percentage barely rising from 12.9% to 13.1%, and Asian Americans upping their 4.6% share to 7.8%. The United States had a population of 310 million people in October 2010, and is projected to reach 400 million by 2039 and 439 million in 2050.[18][59][60][61] It is further projected that 82% of the increase in population from 2005 to 2050 will be due to immigrants and their children.[62]

text: Of the nation's children in 2050, 62% are expected to be of a minority ethnicity, up from 44% today. Approximately 39% are projected to be Hispanic or Latino (up from 22% in 2008), and 38% are projected to be single-race, non-Hispanic Whites (down from 56% in 2008).[63] Racial and ethnic minorities surpassed non-Hispanic whites as the largest group of American children under 5 years old in 2015.[64]

text: In 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau projected the future censuses as follows:[18]

text:
Year
Projection
Actual result

2010
310,232,863
308,745,538

2020
325,896,000

2030
350,471,000

2040
380,015,000

2050
389,803,000

text: Religion[edit]

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2014)

text: Religious affiliations in 2004[edit]

text: The table below is based mainly on selected data as reported to the United States Census Bureau. It only includes the voluntary self-reported membership of religious bodies with 750,000 or more. The definition of a member is determined by each religious body.[65] In 2004[update], the US census bureau reported that about 13% of the population did not identify themselves as a member of any religion.[66][clarification needed]

text: In a Pew Research Survey performed in 2012, Americans without a religion (atheists, agnostics, nothing in particular, etc.) surpassed Evangelical Protestant Americans with almost 20% of Americans being nonreligious. If this current growth rate continues, by 2050, around 51% of Americans will not have a religion.[67]

text: A survey conducted in 2014 by the same organization indicated that the percentage of Americans unaffiliated with a religion rose to nearly 23% of the population, up from 16% in 2007.[68]

text:
Religious body
Year
reported
Places of
worship
Membership
(thousands)
Clergy

!a
0000
-9999
-9999
-9999

African Methodist Episcopal Church
1999
no data
2,500
7,741

African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
2002
3,226
1,431
3,252

American Baptist Association
1998
1,760
275
1,740

Amish, Old Order
1993
898
227
3,592

American Baptist Churches USA
1998
3,800
1,507
4,145

Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America
1998
220
65
263

Armenian Apostolic Church
2010
153
1,000
200

Armenian Catholic Church
2010

36

Assemblies of God
2009
12,371
2,914
34,504

Baptist Bible Fellowship International
1997
4,500
1,200
no data

Baptist General Conference
1998
876
141
no data

Baptist Missionary Association of America
1999
1,334
235
1,525

Buddhism
2001
no data
1,082
no data

Christian and Missionary Alliance, The
1998
1,964
346
1,629

Christian Brethren (Plymouth Brethren)
1997
1,150
100
no data

Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
1997
3,818
879
3,419

Christian churches and churches of Christ
1998
5,579
1,072
5,525

Christian Congregation, Inc., The
1998
1,438
117
1,436

Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
1983
2,340
719
no data

Christian Reformed Church in North America
1998
733
199
655

Church of God in Christ
1991
15,300
5,500
28,988

Church of God of Prophecy
1997
1,908
77
2,000

Church of God (Anderson, IN)
1998
2,353
234
3,034

Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
1995
6,060
753
3,121

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2014
14,018
6,466
38,259

Church of the Brethren
1997
1,095
141
827

Church of the Nazarene
1998
5,101
627
4,598

Churches of Christ
1999
15,000
1,500
14,500

Conservative Baptist Association of America
1998
1,200
200
no data

Community of Christ
1998
1,236
140
19,319

Coptic Orthodox Church
2003
200
1,000
200

Cumberland Presbyterian Church
1998
774
87
630

Episcopal Church
2013
6,736[69]
1,866[70]
8,131

Evangelical Covenant Church, The
1998
628
97
607

Evangelical Free Church of America, The
1995
1,224
243
1,936

Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
2011
9,638[71]
4,050[71]
9,646

Evangelical Presbyterian Church
1998
187
61
262

Free Methodist Church of North America
1998
990
73
no data

Full Gospel Fellowship
1999
896
275
2,070

General Association of General Baptists
1997
790
72
1,085

General Association of Regular Baptist Churches
1998
1,415
102
no data

U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches
1996
368
82
590

Grace Gospel Fellowship
1992
128
60
160

Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
1998
523
1,955
596

Hinduism
2001
no data
766
no data

Independent Fundamental Churches of America
1999
659
62
no data

International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
1998
1,851
238
4,900

International Council of Community Churches
1998
150
250
182

International Pentecostal Holiness Church
1998
1,716
177
1507

Islam
2011
no data
2,600
no data

Jainism
no data
no data
50
no data

Jehovah's Witnesses
2014
13,871
1,243
no data

Judaism
2006
3,727
6,588
no data

Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, The
1998
6,218
2,594
5,227

Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric
2010
19
50
no data

Mennonite Church USA
2005
943
114
no data

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches
1998
416
67
534

National Association of Free Will Baptists
1998
2,297
210
2,800

National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.
1987
2,500
3,500
8,000

National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.
1992
33,000
8,200
32,832

National Missionary Baptist Convention of America
1992
no data
2,500
no data

Orthodox Church in America
1998
625
1,000
700

Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc.
1998
1,750
1,500
4,500

Pentecostal Church of God
1998
1,237
104
no data

Pentecostal Church International, United
2008
28,351
4,037
22,881

Presbyterian Church in America
1997
1,340
280
1,642

Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
2013
10,038[70]
1,760[70]
9,390

Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc.
1995
2,000
2,500
no data

Reformed Church in America
1998
902
296
915

Religious Society of Friends
1994
1,200
104
no data

Roman Catholic Church
2002
19,484
66,404
50,017 (1997)[72]

Romanian Orthodox Episcopate
1996
37
65
37

Salvation Army, The
1998
1,388
471
2,920

Scientology
2005
1,300
55[73]
1

Serbian Orthodox Church
1986
68
67
60

Seventh-day Adventist Church
1998
4,405
840
2,454

Sikhism
1999
244
80
no data

Southern Baptist Convention
2012
46,034[74]
15,900[74]
71,520

Unitarian Universalism
2001
no data
629
no data

United Church of Christ
1998
6,017
1,421
4,317

United House of Prayer For All People
no data
100
25
no data

United Methodist Church, The
1998
36,170
8,400
no data

Wesleyan Church, The
1998
1,590
120
1,806

Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
1997
1,240
411
1,222

~z
9999
99999999
99999999
99999999

text:
Religious affiliation within each state that has the largest deviation compared to the national average, 2001.

Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2001.

Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.

text: Religions of American adults[edit]

text: The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. The survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008, was a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 54,461 American residential households in the contiguous United States. The 1990 sample size was 113,723; 2001 sample size was 50,281.

text: Adult respondents were asked the open-ended question, "What is your religion, if any?". Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. The religion of the spouse or partner was also asked. If the initial answer was "Protestant" or "Christian" further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination. About one-third of the sample was asked more detailed demographic questions.

text:
Religious Self-Identification of the U.S. Adult Population: 1990, 2001, 2008[75]
Figures are not adjusted for refusals to reply; investigators suspect refusals are possibly more representative of "no religion" than any other group.

text:
Source:ARIS 2008[75]

Group
1990
adults
× 1,000
2001
adults
× 1,000
2008
adults
× 1,000

Numerical
Change
1990–
2008
as %
of 1990
1990
% of
adults
2001
% of
adults
2008
% of
adults
change
in % of
total
adults
1990–
2008

Adult population, total
175,440
207,983
228,182
30.1%

Adult population, Responded
171,409
196,683
216,367
26.2%
97.7%
94.6%
94.8%
–2.9%

Total Christian
151,225
159,514
173,402
14.7%
86.2%
76.7%
76.0%
–10.2%

Catholic
46,004
50,873
57,199
24.3%
26.2%
24.5%
25.1%
–1.2%

Non-Catholic Christian
105,221
108,641
116,203
10.4%
60.0%
52.2%
50.9%
–9.0%

Baptist
33,964
33,820
36,148
6.4%
19.4%
16.3%
15.8%
–3.5%

Mainline Protestant
32,784
35,788
29,375
–10.4%
18.7%
17.2%
12.9%
–5.8%

Methodist
14,174
14,039
11,366
–19.8%
8.1%
6.8%
5.0%
–3.1%

Lutheran
9,110
9,580
8,674
–4.8%
5.2%
4.6%
3.8%
–1.4%

Presbyterian
4,985
5,596
4,723
–5.3%
2.8%
2.7%
2.1%
–0.8%

Episcopalian/Anglican
3,043
3,451
2,405
–21.0%
1.7%
1.7%
1.1%
–0.7%

United Church of Christ
438
1,378
736
68.0%
0.2%
0.7%
0.3%
0.1%

Christian Generic
25,980
22,546
32,441
24.9%
14.8%
10.8%
14.2%
–0.6%

Jehovah's Witness
1,381
1,331
1,914
38.6%
0.8%
0.6%
0.8%
0.1%

Christian Unspecified
8,073
14,190
16,384
102.9%
4.6%
6.8%
7.2%
2.6%

Non-denominational Christian
194
2,489
8,032
4040.2%
0.1%
1.2%
3.5%
3.4%

Protestant - Unspecified
17,214
4,647
5,187
–69.9%
9.8%
2.2%
2.3%
–7.5%

Evangelical/Born Again
546
1,088
2,154
294.5%
0.3%
0.5%
0.9%
0.6%

Pentecostal/Charismatic
5,647
7,831
7,948
40.7%
3.2%
3.8%
3.5%
0.3%

Pentecostal - Unspecified
3,116
4,407
5,416
73.8%
1.8%
2.1%
2.4%
0.6%

Assemblies of God
617
1,105
810
31.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.4%
0.0%

Church of God
590
943
663
12.4%
0.3%
0.5%
0.3%
0.0%

Other Protestant Denomination
4,630
5,949
7,131
54.0%
2.6%
2.9%
3.1%
0.5%

Seventh-Day Adventist
668
724
938
40.4%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.0%

Churches of Christ
1,769
2,593
1,921
8.6%
1.0%
1.2%
0.8%
–0.2%

Mormon/Latter-Day Saints
2,487
2,697
3,158
27.0%
1.4%
1.3%
1.4%
0.0%

Total non-Christian religions
5,853
7,740
8,796
50.3%
3.3%
3.7%
3.9%
0.5%

Jewish
3,137
2,837
2,680
–14.6%
1.8%
1.4%
1.2%
–0.6%

Eastern Religions
687
2,020
1,961
185.4%
0.4%
1.0%
0.9%
0.5%

Buddhist
404
1,082
1,189
194.3%
0.2%
0.5%
0.5%
0.3%

Muslim
527
1,104
1,349
156.0%
0.3%
0.5%
0.6%
0.3%

New Religious Movements & Others
1,296
1,770
2,804
116.4%
0.7%
0.9%
1.2%
0.5%

None/ No religion, total
14,331
29,481
34,169
138.4%
8.2%
14.2%
15.0%
6.8%

Agnostic+Atheist
1,186
1,893
3,606
204.0%
0.7%
0.9%
1.6%
0.9%

Did Not Know/ Refused to reply
4,031
11,300
11,815
193.1%
2.3%
5.4%
5.2%
2.9%

text: Marriage[edit]

text: In 2010, the median age for marriage for men was 27; for women, 26.[76]

text: Income[edit]

text: In 2006, the median household income in the United States was around $46,326. Household and personal income depends on variables such as race, number of income earners, educational attainment and marital status.

text:
Median income levels

Households
Persons, age 25 or older with earnings
Household income by race or ethnicity

All households
Dual earner
households
Per household
member
Males
Females
Both sexes
Asian
Non-Hispanic White
Hispanic
(of any race)
Black

$46,326
$67,348
$23,535
$39,403
$26,507
$32,140
$57,518
$48,977
$34,241
$30,134

text:
Median personal income by educational attainment

Measure
Some High School
High school graduate
Some college
Associate's degree
Bachelor's degree or higher
Bachelor's degree
Master's degree
Professional degree
Doctorate degree

Persons, age 25+ w/ earnings
$20,321
$26,505
$31,054
$35,009
$49,303
$43,143
$52,390
$82,473
$70,853

Male, age 25+ w/ earnings
$24,192
$32,085
$39,150
$42,382
$60,493
$52,265
$67,123
$100,000
$78,324

Female, age 25+ w/ earnings
$15,073
$21,117
$25,185
$29,510
$40,483
$36,532
$45,730
$66,055
$54,666

Persons, age 25+, employed full-time
$25,039
$31,539
$37,135
$40,588
$56,078
$50,944
$61,273
$100,000
$79,401

Household
$22,718
$36,835
$45,854
$51,970
$73,446
$68,728
$78,541
$100,000
$96,830

text:
Household income distribution

Bottom 10%
Bottom 20%
Bottom 25%
Middle 33%
Middle 20%
Top 25%
Top 20%
Top 5%
Top 1.5%
Top 1%

$0 to $10,500
$0 to $18,500
$0 to $22,500
$30,000 to $62,500
$35,000 to $55,000
$77,500 and up
$92,000 and up
$167,000 and up
$250,000 and up
$350,000 and up

Source: US Census Bureau, 2006; income statistics for the year 2005

text: Economic class[edit]

text: Social classes in the United States lack distinct boundaries and may overlap. Even their existence (when distinguished from economic strata) is controversial. The following table provides a summary of some prominent academic theories on the stratification of American society:

text:
Academic class models

Dennis Gilbert, 2002
William Thompson & Joseph Hickey, 2005
Leonard Beeghley, 2004

Class
Typical characteristics
Class
Typical characteristics
Class
Typical characteristics

Capitalist class (1%)
Top-level executives, high-rung politicians, heirs. Ivy League education common.
Upper class (1%)
Top-level executives, celebrities, heirs; income of $500,000+ common. Ivy league education common.
The super-rich (0.9%)
Multi-millionaires whose incomes commonly exceed $350,000; includes celebrities and powerful executives/politicians. Ivy League education common.

Upper middle class[1] (15%)
Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees), most commonly salaried, professionals and middle management with large work autonomy.
Upper middle class[1] (15%)
Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees) professionals & managers with household incomes varying from the high 5-figure range to commonly above $100,000.
The rich (5%)
Households with net worth of $1 million or more; largely in the form of home equity. Generally have college degrees.

Middle class (plurality/
majority?; ca. 46%)
College-educated workers with considerably higher-than-average incomes and compensation; a man making $57,000 and a woman making $40,000 may be typical.

Lower middle class (30%)
Semi-professionals and craftsmen with a roughly average standard of living. Most have some college education and are white-collar.
Lower middle class (32%)
Semi-professionals and craftsmen with some work autonomy; household incomes commonly range from $35,000 to $75,000. Typically, some college education.

Working class (30%)
Clerical and most blue-collar workers whose work is highly routinized. Standard of living varies depending on number of income earners, but is commonly just adequate. High school education.

Working class (32%)
Clerical, pink- and blue-collar workers with often low job security; common household incomes range from $16,000 to $30,000. High school education.
Working class
(ca. 40–45%)
Blue-collar workers and those whose jobs are highly routinized with low economic security; a man making $40,000 and a woman making $26,000 may be typical. High school education.

Working poor (13%)
Service, low-rung clerical and some blue-collar workers. High economic insecurity and risk of poverty. Some high school education.

Lower class (ca. 14–20%)
Those who occupy poorly-paid positions or rely on government transfers. Some high school education.

Underclass (12%)
Those with limited or no participation in the labor force. Reliant on government transfers. Some high school education.
The poor (ca. 12%)
Those living below the poverty line with limited to no participation in the labor force; a household income of $18,000 may be typical. Some high school education.

References: Gilbert, D. (2002) The American Class Structure: In An Age of Growing Inequality. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, ISBN 0534541100. (see also Gilbert Model);

Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005). Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon; Beeghley, L. (2004). The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon.

1 The upper middle class may also be referred to as "Professional class" Ehrenreich, B. (1989). The Inner Life of the Middle Class. NY, NY: Harper-Collins.

text: Health[edit]

text: In 2010, the average man weighed 194.7 pounds (88.3 kg); the average woman 164.7 pounds (74.7 kg).[77][unreliable source?] The height of an American man was 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m)[78][unreliable source?] and woman 5 feet 3.8 inches (1.621 m)[79][unreliable source?] The average BMI is 27.3 for males (overweight) and 28.5 for females (overweight).[80][unreliable source?]

text: According to a Gallup poll in 2012, an estimated 26% of the population were obese,[81] 21% smoked,[82] and 11% had diabetes.[83]

text: A nationwide study reported by The New York Times in 2010 indicated that 19.5% of teens, aged 12–19, had developed "slight" hearing loss. "Slight" was defined as an inability to hear at 16 to 24 decibels.[84]

text: According to the Centers for Disease Control in 2011, an estimated 1.2 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in the United States.[85]

text: Generational cohorts[edit]

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: A study by William Strauss and Neil Howe, in their books Generations and Fourth Turning, looked at generational similarities and differences going back to the 15th century and concluded that over 80-year spans, generations proceed through four stages of about 20 years each.

text: A definitive recent study of US generational cohorts was done by Schuman and Scott (2012) in which a broad sample of adults of all ages was asked, "What world events are especially important to you?"[86] They found that 33 events were mentioned with great frequency. When the ages of the respondents were correlated with the expressed importance rankings, seven (some put 8 or 9) distinct cohorts became evident.

text: Today the following descriptors are frequently used for these cohorts:

text:
Lost Generation – born from approximately 1883 to 1900.
G.I. Generation – born from approximately 1901 to 1924 (depression cohort who fought and won World War II).
Silent Generation – born from approximately 1925 to 1942[87] during the Great Depression and World War II.[88] The label was originally applied to people in North America but has also been applied to those in Western Europe, Australasia and South America. It includes most of those who fought during the Korean War.
Baby Boomers – There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1940s and ending birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1960s.
Generation X – demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years ranging from the early-to-mid 1960s and ending birth years ranging from the late 1970s to early 1980s.[89]

In the U.S., some called Generation Xers the "baby bust" generation because of the drop in the birth rate following the baby boom.[90] The drop in fertility rates in America began in the late 1950s. But according to authors and demographers William Strauss and Neil Howe (who use 1961 to 1981 for Gen X birth years), there are approximately 88.5 million Gen Xers in the U.S. today.[91][92]

Millennials (also known as Generation Y) – demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years.
Generation Z (also known as Homelanders or Digital Natives) – demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years that range from the mid-1990s to early 2000s, and as of yet there is little consensus about ending birth years.

text: U.S. demographic birth cohorts[edit]

text: Subdivided groups are present when peak boom years or inverted peak bust years are present, and may be represented by a normal or inverted bell-shaped curve (rather than a straight curve). The boom subdivided cohorts may be considered as "pre-peak" (including peak year) and "post-peak". The year 1957 was the baby boom peak with 4.3 million births and 122.7 fertility rate. Although post-peak births (such as trailing edge boomers) are in decline, and sometimes referred to as a "bust", there are still a relatively large number of births. The dearth-in-birth bust cohorts include those up to the valley birth year, and those including and beyond, leading up to the subsequent normal birth rate. The Baby boom began around 1943 to 1946.[citation needed]

text: From the decline in U.S. birth rates starting in 1958 and the introduction of the birth control pill in 1960, the Baby Boomer normal distribution curve is negatively skewed. The trend in birth rates from 1958 to 1961 show a tendency to end late in the decade at approximately 1969, thus returning to pre-WWII levels, with 12 years of rising and 12 years of declining birth rates. Pre-war birth rates were defined as anywhere between 1939 and 1941 by demographers such as the Taeuber's, Philip M. Hauser and William Fielding Ogburn.[93]

text: Demographic statistics[edit]

text: The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[94]

text: Ages[edit]

text: Median ages are 37.3 years; males are 36.1 years; females are 38.5 years estimated as of 2012.

text: As of 2012, people are distributed by age as follows:

text:
0–14 years: 19.8% (male 31,639,127/female 30,305,704)
15–64 years: 66.8% (male 101,612,000/female 104,577,000)
65 years and over: 13.4% (male 18,332,000/female 23,174,000) (2012 est.)

text: Birth, growth, and death rates[edit]

text: The growth rate is 0.76% as estimated from 2014–2010 by the US Census

text: The birth rate is 12.5 births/1,000 population, estimated as of 2013. This was the lowest since records began. There were 3,957,577 births in 2013.[95]

text: In 2009, Time magazine reported that 40% of births were to unmarried women.[97] The following is a breakdown by race for unwed births: 17% Asian, 29% White, 53% Hispanics, 66% Native Americans, and 72% Black American.[98]

text: The drop in the birth rate from 2007 to 2009 is believed to be associated with the Late-2000s recession.[99]

text: A study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that more than half (51 percent) of live hospital births in 2008 and 2011 were male.[100]

text: Per U.S. federal government data released in March 2011, births fell 4% from 2007 to 2009, the largest drop in the U.S. for any two-year period since the 1970s.[101] Births have declined for three consecutive years, and are now 7% below the peak in 2007.[102] This drop has continued through 2010, according to data released by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics in June 2011.[103] Numerous experts have suggested that this decline is largely a reflection of unfavorable economic conditions.[104] This connection between birth rates and economic downturns partly stems from the fact that American birth rates have now fallen to levels that are comparable to the Great Depression of the 1930s.[105] Teen birth rates in the U.S. are at the lowest level in U.S. history.[106] In fact, teen birth rates in the U.S. have consistently decreased since 1991 through 2011, except for a brief increase between 2005 and 2007.[106] The other aberration from this otherwise steady decline in teen birth rates is the 6% decrease in birth rates for 15- to 19-year-olds between 2008 and 2009.[106] Despite these years of decrease, U.S. teen birth rates are still higher than in other developed nations.[106] Racial differences prevail with teen birth and pregnancy rates as well. The American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic black teen pregnancy rates are more than double the non-Hispanic white teen birth rate.[107]

text: Birth data[edit]

text: Note: Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.[108][8] Also note that growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.

text:
Race of mother
Number of births
in 2014
 % of all
born
TFR
(2014)
Number of births
in 2015
 % of all
born
TFR
(2015)

White

3,019,863

75.72%
1.876

3,012,855

75.73%
1.864
0.23%

> Non-Hispanic

2,149,302

53.89
1.763

2,130,279

53.54%
1.746

0.89%

Black

640,562

16.06%
1.872

640,079

16.09%
1.853
0.075%

> Non-Hispanic

588,891

14.77%
1.874

589,047

14.80%
1.857

0.03%

Asian and Pacific islander

282,723

7.09%
1.715

281,264

7.07%
1.646
0.52%

Native (incl. Alaska native)

44,928

1.13%
1.289

44,299

1.11%
1.263
1.40%

Total

3,988,076

100%
1.862

3,978,497

100%
1.843
0.24%

text: NOTE:

text:
TFR = Total fertility rate.
Growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.

text:
Ethnicity of mother
Number of births
in 2014
TFR
(2014)
Number of births
in 2015
TFR
(2015)

Non-Hispanic (of any race)

3,043,519

1.793

3,021,999

1.770
0.71%

Hispanic (of any race)

914,065

2.131

924,048

2.124
1.09%

text:
Foreign-born fertility rate (‰) by race
and those of Hispanic origin[109]

Race
2008
2011
2013

White
2.29
2.01
1.94

Black
2.51
2.57
2.35

Asian
2.25
2.02
1.93

Other
1.80
2.04
2.06

Hispanic (of any race)
3.15
2.77
2.46

Total
2.75
2.45
2.22

text:
Age group
Total
(of population)
White alone
(of race/age group)
Black alone
(of race/age group)
Mixed and/or Some Other Race
(of race/age group)
Asian alone
(of race/age group)
Either American Indian or Alaska Native
(of race/age group)
Either Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
(of race/age group)

Total
7008308745538000000♠308745538
(100%)
7008223553265000000♠223553265
(72.41%)
7007389293190000000♠38929319
(12.61%)
7007281164410000000♠28116441
(9.11%)
7007146742520000000♠14674252
(4.75%)
7006293224800000000♠2932248
(0.95%)
7005540013000000000♠540013
(0.17%)

0–4
7007202013620000000♠20201362
(6.5%)
7007127956750000000♠12795675
(5.7%/63.34%)
7006290259000000000♠2902590
(7.5%/14.37%)
7006331548000000000♠3315480
(11.8%/16.41%)
7005898011000000000♠898011
(6.1%/4.45%)
7005244615000000000♠244615
(8.3%/1.21%)
7004449910000000000♠44991
(8.3%/0.22%)

5–9
7007203486570000000♠20348657
(6.6%)
7007132937990000000♠13293799
(5.9%/65.33%)
7006288259700000000♠2882597
(7.4%/14.17%)
7006295748700000000♠2957487
(10.5%/14.53%)
7005928248000000000♠928248
(6.3%/4.56%)
7005243259000000000♠243259
(8.3%/1.20%)
7004432670000000000♠43267
(8.0%/0.21%)

10–14
7007206771940000000♠20677194
(6.7%)
7007137373320000000♠13737332
(6.1%/66.44%)
7006303426600000000♠3034266
(7.8%/14.67%)
7006273657000000000♠2736570
(9.7%/13.23%)
7005881590000000000♠881590
(6.0%/4.26%)
7005245049000000000♠245049
(8.4%/1.19%)
7004423870000000000♠42387
(7.8%/0.20%)

15–19
7007220403430000000♠22040343
(7.1%)
7007146206380000000♠14620638
(6.5%/66.35%)
7006344805100000000♠3448051
(8.9%/15.64%)
7006270457100000000♠2704571
(9.6%/12.27%)
7005956028000000000♠956028
(6.5%/4.34%)
7005263805000000000♠263805
(9.0%/1.20%)
7004472500000000000♠47250
(8.7%/0.21%)

20–24
7007215859990000000♠21585999
(7.0%)
7007145359470000000♠14535947
(6.5%/67.34%)
7006311139700000000♠3111397
(8.0%/14.41%)
7006253896700000000♠2538967
(9.0%/11.76%)
7006110622200000000♠1106222
(7.5%/5.12%)
7005240716000000000♠240716
(8.2%/1.12%)
7004527500000000000♠52750
(9.8%/0.24%)

25–29
7007211018490000000♠21101849
(6.8%)
7007143453640000000♠14345364
(6.4%/67.98%)
7006278625400000000♠2786254
(7.2%/13.20%)
7006246434300000000♠2464343
(8.8%/11.68%)
7006123432200000000♠1234322
(8.4%/5.85%)
7005221654000000000♠221654
(7.6%/1.05%)
7004499120000000000♠49912
(9.2%/0.24%)

30–34
7007199620990000000♠19962099
(6.5%)
7007135732700000000♠13573270
(6.1%/68.00%)
7006262792500000000♠2627925
(6.8%/13.16%)
7006227332200000000♠2273322
(8.1%/11.39%)
7006124090600000000♠1240906
(8.5%/6.22%)
7005202928000000000♠202928
(6.9%/1.02%)
7004437480000000000♠43748
(8.1%/0.22%)

35–39
7007201796420000000♠20179642
(6.5%)
7007139967970000000♠13996797
(6.3%/69.36%)
7006261338900000000♠2613389
(6.7%/12.95%)
7006203840800000000♠2038408
(7.2%/10.10%)
7006129630100000000♠1296301
(8.8%/6.42%)
7005196017000000000♠196017
(6.7%/0.97%)
7004387300000000000♠38730
(7.2%/0.19%)

40–44
7007208909640000000♠20890964
(6.8%)
7007150527980000000♠15052798
(6.7%/72.05%)
7006266903400000000♠2669034
(6.9%/12.78%)
7006178246300000000♠1782463
(6.3%/8.53%)
7006115556500000000♠1155565
(7.9%/5.53%)
7005194713000000000♠194713
(6.6%/0.93%)
7004363910000000000♠36391
(6.7%/0.17%)

45–49
7007227085910000000♠22708591
(7.4%)
7007170282550000000♠17028255
(7.6%/74.99%)
7006282865700000000♠2828657
(7.3%/12,46%)
7006153211700000000♠1532117
(5.4%/6.75%)
7006107606000000000♠1076060
(7.3%/4.74%)
7005207857000000000♠207857
(7.1%/0.92%)
7004356450000000000♠35645
(6.6%/0.16%)

50–54
7007222981250000000♠22298125
(7.2%)
7007171786320000000♠17178632
(7.7%/77.04%)
7006269424700000000♠2694247
(6.9%/12.08%)
7006122217500000000♠1222175
(4.3%/5.48%)
7005980282000000000♠980282
(6.7%/4.40%)
7005191893000000000♠191893
(6.5%/0.86%)
7004308960000000000♠30896
(5.7%/0.14%)

55–59
7007196648050000000♠19664805
(6.4%)
7007155621870000000♠15562187
(7.0%/79.14%)
7006220582000000000♠2205820
(5.7%/11.22%)
7005873943000000000♠873943
(3.1%/4.44%)
7005844490000000000♠844490
(5.8%/4.29%)
7005154320000000000♠154320
(5.3%/0.78%)
7004240450000000000♠24045
(4.5%/0.12%)

60–64
7007168179240000000♠16817924
(5.4%)
7007136933340000000♠13693334
(6.1%/81.42%)
7006168669500000000♠1686695
(4.3%/10.03%)
7005611144000000000♠611144
(2.2%/3.63%)
7005689601000000000♠689601
(4.7%/4.10%)
7005118362000000000♠118362
(4.0%/0.70%)
7004187880000000000♠18788
(3.5%/0.11%)

65–69
7007124352630000000♠12435263
(4.0%)
7007103130020000000♠10313002
(4.6%/82.93%)
7006116257700000000♠1162577
(3.0%/9.35%)
7005394208000000000♠394208
(1.4%/3.17%)
7005474327000000000♠474327
(3.2%/3.81%)
7004790790000000000♠79079
(2.7%/0.64%)
7004120700000000000♠12070
(2.2%/0.10%)

70–74
7006927816600000000♠9278166
(3.0%)
7006774093200000000♠7740932
(3.5%/83.43%)
7005852317000000000♠852317
(2.2%/9.19%)
7005268574000000000♠268574
(1.0%/2.89%)
7005354268000000000♠354268
(2.4%/3.82%)
7004539260000000000♠53926
(1.8%/0.58%)
7003814900000000000♠8149
(1.5%/0.09%)

75–79
7006731779500000000♠7317795
(2.4%)
7006622456900000000♠6224569
(2.8%/85.06%)
7005616789000000000♠616789
(1.6%/8.43%)
7005184596000000000♠184596
(0.7%/2.52%)
7005251210000000000♠251210
(1.7%/3.43%)
7004352680000000000♠35268
(1.2%/0.48%)
7003536300000000000♠5363
(1.0%/0.07%)

80–84
7006574332700000000♠5743327
(1.9%)
7006500242700000000♠5002427
(2.2%/87.10%)
7005424592000000000♠424592
(1.1%/7.39%)
7005122249000000000♠122249
(0.4%/2.13%)
7005168879000000000♠168879
(1.2%/2.94%)
7004219630000000000♠21963
(0.7%/0.38%)
7003321700000000000♠3217
(0.6%/0.06%)

85+
7006549343300000000♠5493433
(1.8%)
7006485830700000000♠4858307
(2.2%/88.44%)
7005382122000000000♠382122
(1.0%/6.96%)
7004958240000000000♠95824
(0.3%/1.74%)
7005137942000000000♠137942
(0.9%/2.51%)
7004168240000000000♠16824
(0.6%/0.31%)
7003241400000000000♠2414
(0.4%/0.04%)

text: Death rate[edit]

text: As of July 2010, it was estimated that there were 8.18 deaths/1,000 population per year.[110]

text: Immigration and emigration[edit]

text: 13% of the population was foreign-born in 2009 – a rise of 350% since 1970 when foreign-born people accounted for 3.7% of the population,[111] including 11.2 million illegal aliens,[112] 80% of whom come from Latin America.[113] Latin America is the largest region-of-birth group, accounting for over half (53%) of all foreign born population in US,[114] and thus is also the largest source of both legal and illegal immigration to US.[115] In 2011, there are 18.1 million naturalized citizens in the United States, accounting for 45% of the foreign-born population (40.4 million) and 6% of the total US population at the time,[116] and around 680,000 legal immigrants are naturalized annually.[117]

text: 4.32 people migrate per 1,000 population, estimated in 2010.[citation needed]

text:
Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents, Top Five Sending Countries, 2011[118]

Country
2011

Mexico
143,446

China
87,016

India
69,013

Philippines
57,011

Dominican Rep.
46,019

text:
Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents by Region, 2011[118]

Region
2011

Asia
451,593

Americas
419,996

Africa
100,336

Europe
83,635

All immigrants
1,062,040

text: Sex ratios[edit]

text: Infant mortality rate[edit]

text: Life expectancy at birth[edit]

text:
<3.0%
  <3.5%
  <4.0%

  <4.5%
  <5.0%
  <5.5%

  <6.0%
  <6.5%
  ≥6.5%

text: Total fertility rate[edit]

text: Unemployment rate[edit]

text: As of July 2016[update], the U.S. unemployment rate was 4.9 percent (U3 Rate).[120]

text: As of July 2015[update], the U.S. unemployment rate was 5.3 percent (U3 Rate).[121]

text: As of July 2014[update], the U.S. unemployment rate was 6.2 percent (U3 Rate).[120]

text: As of April 2017[update], the U6 unemployment rate is 8.6 percent.[122] The U6 unemployment rate counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment (the more familiar U-3 rate), but also counts "marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons." Note that some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U-3 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the "marginally attached workers" include those who have gotten discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work. The age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over.[123]

text: Mobility[edit]

text: In 2013, about 15% of Americans moved.[citation needed] Most of these, 67%, moved within the same county. Of the 33% who moved beyond local county boundaries, 13% of those moved more than 200 miles (320 km).[124]


document_title: For the Love of a Daughter

question_text: what is the song for the love of a daughter about

root

text: For the Love of a Daughter

text: Background[edit]

text: "For the Love of a Daughter" was composed by Demi Lovato and William Beckett, the lead singer for the American recording group, The Academy Is.... The song was recorded at Kite Studios in Los Angeles, California. It was produced, mixed and programmed by Toby Gad (The Veronicas, Selena Gomez & the Scene), who also provided the song's instrumentation.[1] It was originally recorded as a pop rock song and selected to be included in Lovato's second album, Here We Go Again, released in 2009. Although not planning to write a personal song, a "really long talk" with Beckett resulted in the song being written.[2] The song was set to appear on the album, but Lovato and her management felt that the song's subject would be too much for her young audience.[3] In an interview with Women's Wear Daily, Lovato explained: "When I took a step back, I realized I wouldn't like those subjects being talked about in somebody else's home, with a seven-year-old and their mom." Several other "emotional" songs were also put on hold.[4] The song was later rewritten, recorded, and selected for inclusion of Lovato's third studio album Unbroken, was released on September 20, 2011, just months after Lovato announced her departure from the Disney Channel series Sonny with a Chance.

tag: p

text: Composition[edit]

text: The song chronicles Lovato's relationship with her estranged birth father, who she rarely saw after her parents divorced when she was two years old.[5] In the song, she pleads with her father to "put the bottle down" and questions him: "How could you push me out of your world, lie to your flesh and your blood, put your hands on the ones that you swore you loved?"[6] Indicative in the lyrics "It's been five years since we've spoken last / And you can't take back what we never had"[7] is distance that has added to the strained relationship with her father. An author from Sputnikmusic interpreted it as a song about her relationship with her alcoholic father who didn't seem to see her as a good enough reason to stop drinking and be there for her when she needed him.[8]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Embrace You Magazine commented that song as "definitely pulsating; it holds me tighter than 'Skyscraper' and enlightens me further about the girl behind the music."[9] Chris Williams for Reuters praised "For The Love Of A Daughter" as "a moving, vulnerable, angry screed taking aim at the dad from whom she's been long estranged."[10] Joe DeAndrea of AbsolutePunk noted it as the best track on the album and commented on Lovato's vocals and the songs lyrics, noting that the two make "for the most enrapturing song of hers to date, and displays the true endeavors of what Unbroken is all about — to overcome any obstacle and escape a better person."[11] An author from Sputnikmusic noted it as one of the album's highlights, commenting that Lovato “sings with so much sincerity and passion that she really gives the song life and meaning. This is her best song yet and a great closer to this heartfelt album."[8] Jason Scott of seattlepi.com praised the song, commenting that it closes out the album "in stunning, tear-inducing style."[12] Shaun Kitchener of Trash Lounge complimented the song, along with "Skyscraper" and "Fix a Heart," as "beautifully performed."[13] Baby A. Gil of Philippine Star complimented the song as a "superb production."[14] Rick Florino of Artist Direct named "For the Love of a Daughter" as the album's "true standout," commented that it is "revealing and raw."[15]

text: Credits and personnel[edit]

text:
Recorded at Kite Studios (Los Angeles, California)
Mastered at Capitol Mastering (Los Angeles, California)
Who’s Your Daddy And What Does He Do Publishing (ASCAP); Seven Peaks Music o/b/o Itself and Demi Lovato Publishing (ASCAP)

tag: ul

text:
Demi Lovato – songwriting, lead vocals, backing vocals
William Beckett – songwriting
Toby Gad – production, mixing, all instruments, programming
Robert Vosgien – mastering

text: Credits adapted from Unbroken liner notes.[16]


document_title: List of valkyrie names

question_text: who did the norse god odin have as handmaidens

text: List of valkyrie names

text: In Norse mythology, a valkyrie (from Old Norse valkyrja "chooser of the slain") is one of a host of female figures who decide who will die in battle. Selecting among half of those who die in battle (the other half go to the goddess Freyja's afterlife field Fólkvangr), the valkyries bring their chosen to the afterlife hall of the slain, Valhalla, ruled over by the god Odin. There, when the einherjar are not preparing for the events of Ragnarök, the valkyries bear them mead. Valkyries also appear as lovers of heroes and other mortals, where they are sometimes described as the daughters of royalty, sometimes accompanied by ravens, and sometimes connected to swans.

text: The Old Norse poems Völuspá, Grímnismál, Darraðarljóð, and the Nafnaþulur section of the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál provide lists of valkyrie names. Other valkyrie names appear solely outside these lists, such as Sigrún (who is attested in the poems Helgakviða Hundingsbana I and Helgakviða Hundingsbana II). Valkyrie names commonly emphasize associations with battle and, in many cases, with the spear—a weapon heavily associated with the god Odin.[1] Scholars such as Hilda Ellis Davidson and Rudolf Simek propose that the names of the valkyries themselves contain no individuality, but are rather descriptive of the traits and nature of war-goddesses, and are possibly the descriptive creations of skalds, a type of traditional Scandinavian poet.[2]

text: Some valkyrie names may be descriptive of the roles and abilities of the valkyries. The valkyrie name Herja may point to an etymological connection to Hariasa, a Germanic goddess attested on a stone from 187 CE.[3] The name Herfjötur has been theorized as pointing to the ability of the valkyries to place fetters, which would connect the valkyries to the earlier Idisi.[4] The name Svipul may be descriptive of the influence the valkyries have over wyrd or ørlog—a Germanic concept of fate.[5]

text: Valkyrie names[edit]

text:
Name
Name meaning
Referred to as a valkyrie in

Brynhildr
"Armor battle" or "bright battle"[6]
Skáldskaparmál

Eir
"Peace, clemency"[7] or "help, mercy"[8]
Nafnaþulur

Geirahöð
Connected to the Old Norse words geirr ("spear") and höð ("battle").[9]
GrímnismálAppears in some manuscripts of Grímnismál in place of the valkyrie name Geirölul[9]

Geiravör
"Spear-vör"[9]
Nafnaþulur

Geirdriful
"Spear-flinger"[9]
Nafnaþulur

Geirönul, Geirrönul, Geirömul, Geirölul (various spellings)
Uncertain; possibly connected to the Odinic name Geirölnir and the dwarf name Ölnir.[10] Possibly meaning "the one charging forth with the spear".[10] The form Geirölul may be connected to the runic charm word alu.[10]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Geirskögul
"Spear-skögul"[11] (see Skögul entry below)
Hákonarmál, Völuspá, Nafnaþulur

Göll
"Tumult"[12] or "noise, battle"[13]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Göndul
"Wand-wielder"[12]
Völuspá, Nafnaþulur

Guðr or Gunnr
"War"[12] or "battle"[14]
Völuspá, Darraðarljóð, Gylfaginning, Nafnaþulur

Herfjötur
"Host-fetter"[12] or "fetter of the army"[4]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Herja
Related to the Old Norse herja and Old High German herjón (meaning "devastate")[15]
Nafnaþulur

Hlaðguðr svanhvít
"Hlaðguðr swan-white"[16]
Völundarkviða

Hildr
"Battle"[17]
Völuspá, Grímnismál, Darraðarljóð, Nafnaþulur

Hjalmþrimul
Possibly "Helmet clatterer" or "female warrior"[18]
Nafnaþulur

Hervör alvitr
Alvitr possibly means "all-wise" or "strange creature"[19]
Völundarkviða

Hjörþrimul
"The sword warrioress," derived from Old Norse hjörr ("sword") and þrima ("battle, noise")[18]
Darraðarljóð, Nafnaþulur

Hlökk
"Noise, battle"[12]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Hrist
Related to Old Norse hrista (meaning "shake, quake") and therefore meaning "the quaking one"[20]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Hrund
"Pricker"[12]
Nafnaþulur

Kára
Either "the wild, stormy one" (based on Old Norse afkárr, meaning "wild") or "curl" or "the curly one"[21]
Helgakviða Hundingsbana II

Mist
"Cloud" or "Mist"[22]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Ölrún
Possibly "ale-rune"[23]
Völundarkviða

Randgríðr, Randgrid
"Shield-truce"[12] or possibly "shield-destroyer"[24]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Ráðgríðr
"Council-truce"[12] or possibly "the bossy"[25]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Reginleif
"Power-trace"[12] or "daughter of the gods"[26]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Róta
Possibly connected to the Old Norse noun róta (meaning "sleet and storm")[27]
Gylfaginning

Sanngriðr
"Very violent, very cruel"[28]
Darraðarljóð

Sigrdrífa
"Victory-urger"[12] or "inciter to victory"[29]
Sigrdrífumál

Sigrún
"Victory rune"[12]
Helgakviða Hundingsbana I, Helgakviða Hundingsbana II

Skalmöld
"Sword-time"[30]
Nafnaþulur

Skeggöld or Skeggjöld
"Axe-age"[12]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Skögul
"Shaker"[12] or possibly "high-towering"[1]
Hákonarmál, Völuspá, Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

Skuld
Possibly "debt" or "future"[31]
Völuspá, Gylfaginning, Nafnaþulur

Sveið
Unclear; possibly "vibration" or "noise"[32]
Nafnaþulur

Svipul
"Changeable"[5]
Darraðarljóð, Nafnaþulur

Þögn
"Silence"[33]
Nafnaþulur

Þrima
"Fight"[34]
Nafnaþulur

Þrúðr
"Strength"[35] or "power"[36]
Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Davidson (1988:96).
Jump up ^ Examples include Davidson (1988:96–97) and Simek (2007:349).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:143). For Hariasa, Simek (2007:131).
^ Jump up to: a b Simek (2007:142).
^ Jump up to: a b Simek (2007:308).
Jump up ^ For "armor battle", see Haymes (2010:27). For "bright battle", see Orchard (1997:193).
Jump up ^ Lindow (2001:105).
Jump up ^ Orchard (1997:36).
^ Jump up to: a b c d Simek (2007:102).
^ Jump up to: a b c Simek (2007:102–103).
Jump up ^ Orchard (1997:193).
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Orchard (1997:194).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:115).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:125).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:143).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:151).
Jump up ^ Orchard (1997:192).
^ Jump up to: a b Simek (2007:150).
Jump up ^ Orchard (1997:83).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:160).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:182).
Jump up ^ Orchard (1997:194) and Simek (2007:218).
Jump up ^ Ochard (1997:278).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:261).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:258).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:262).
Jump up ^ Vigfusson (1874:503).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:275).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:284).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:288).
Jump up ^ Orchard (1997:151).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:306).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:316).
Jump up ^ Simek (2007:328).
Jump up ^ Lindow (2001:291).
Jump up ^ Orchard (1997:195).

tag: ol


document_title: NHL uniform

question_text: when did nhl start wearing dark jerseys at home

text: NHL uniform

text: Background[edit]

text: Historically, the only standardized piece of the equipment has been the sweater (jersey), which has to be of identical design by the same company for all members of a team. Other elements merely have a number scheme, allowing individual players to select their own brand and model colored to match the uniform but not necessarily identical in appearance. Sticks and other equipment worn under the clothes have no requirements in terms of matching a team's colors; teams will sometimes provide players with team-brand undershirts or other under-clothing, but players are not required or limited to wearing them.

text: Goalies often have their pads and gloves and masks colored to match the team's color scheme, but there is no requirement for this equipment to match, and goalies who transfer to a new team often play in their old equipment until new colors can be obtained. Alternatively, players who transfer teams have sometimes had their gloves painted temporarily to match the required colors, and are given new helmets.

text: Each team is currently required to have two sweater designs: One with a white base (or sometimes historically, a light color), and one with a darker-colored base. Between the 1970-71 and 2002-03 seasons, NHL teams wore white uniforms at home and dark uniforms on the road (which is the current convention in some low-level ice hockey leagues). Since the 2003–04 season, NHL teams typically wear the dark color at home and the white for road games; there are occasional single-game exceptions.[1][2][3] The only element allowed by NHL rules to be interchangeable between the two sets of equipment is the pants.

text: Third Sweater Program[edit]

text: Starting in 1995 (excluding a few prior isolated instances), some teams began to design a third sweater, or alternate sweater, which allowed them to experiment with new designs, or throwback to a vintage design. Though they are termed third sweaters, they can actually entail an entirely separate look from the primary equipment, often including alternate socks, and sometimes alternate helmets and other equipment.[4] Some third sweaters have eventually become the bases for new primary sweater designs.

text: Third sweaters are typically worn only a few times a season by special permission of the league, based on a list of requested games. They can also be worn during selected playoff games. The third sweater program, as the NHL came to call it, was temporarily suspended on two occasions: for the 2007–08 season (due to logistics problems with the introduction of the Reebok Edge sweater that was unveiled at the 2007 NHL All-Star Game) and for the 2017–18 season (due to the introduction of the Adidas sweater).

text: A team's desire to wear their third sweater sometimes requires the opposing team to wear their home or road sweater when the opposite would be normally worn, due to the color of the third sweater. This can occur when a road team wishes to wear a colored third sweater, or a home team wishes to wear a white third sweater, as there must be one team each wearing white and colored uniforms in a game. This can require a team to carry two sets of uniforms and equipment on the road, whether they are using their third sweaters, or are playing against a team who is. As of the 2017-18 season, no team wears a white third sweater. The Washington Capitals (2011 Winter Classic sweater modeled after the sweater the team wore from 1974 to 1995) were the only NHL team to have a white third sweater from the 2011-12 season to the 2014-15 season, when they were replaced by red sweaters of the same design. The Philadelphia Flyers used a special white third sweater for their 50th anniversary in the 2016–17 season.

text: Sweaters[edit]

text: As hockey originates as an outdoor winter sport where players wore sweaters, this terminology has been retained to describe what is probably the most recognized element of a team's equipment (which is the only element which is mass marketed to the public).

text: Most NHL sweaters (jerseys) display the team's primary logo in the center of the chest, while some also display secondary logos on the shoulders. Each player in a team's lineup for a game must have a different number displayed on the back of their sweater, as well as the player's surname above their number on the back of their sweater. While not required, teams typically place their numbers on each upper arm as well. Team captains and alternate captains wear the letters "C" and "A" respectively on the front of their sweaters. Sweaters have a loop of fabric sewn into the inside back, called a "fight strap" or "tie-down", which must be secured to the player's pants during a game, to prevent the sweater from being pulled over the player's head in a fight. Players normally get a new jersey every ten or so games, although due to other reasons players may get another jersey sooner

text: In recent years, teams have sold both "pro" model sweaters, ostensibly identical to those worn by players, and "replica" quality sweaters which are cheaper versions that typically use cheaper production methods and lower-quality materials. Replica versions typically lack the fight strap, and in recent years have an additional brand logo on the left wrist.

text: History[edit]

text: Prior to 2000, different NHL teams had contracts with different manufacturers for their sweaters, although in some years all or most teams had a deal with one supplier. Manufacturers included CCM, Koho, Nike, Starter, and Pro Player.

text: From the 2000–01 season, up to the 2005–06 NHL season, all team sweaters were made by The Hockey Company in an NHL-wide deal, and were branded with subsidiary brands. The Koho brand was on dark sweaters and third sweaters, while the CCM brand was on the white sweaters. The Hockey Company began the practice of putting the manufacturer's logo on the back of the sweater, below the neck, rather than on the back of the waist hem, as had previously been the practice. Jofa, another subsidiary, made the sweaters for referees and linesmen until the 2005–06 season, when they were re-branded CCM which they remain as of 2008–09.

text: Following Reebok's purchase of The Hockey Company, all official NHL team sweaters were switched to the Reebok (Rbk Hockey) brand (which is more familiar to the general public), while cheaper replica sweaters sold to fans retained the CCM branding. Reebok logos are on the side boards in all NHL arenas (for marketing purposes) just above the blue and red lines.

text: 2007-2017: Reebok Edge[edit]

text: The Rbk Edge, or simply Edge, is a newer line of sweaters designed by Reebok. They were announced by Reebok after nearly three years of development.[5] The new sweaters are tighter-fitting, are less water-absorbent, and are more flexible than before.[6] It was intended to make players more maneuverable on the ice. The Edge sweaters were unveiled at the 55th National Hockey League All-Star Game and began to be worn, league-wide, from the 2007–08 NHL season onwards. Almost every team in the league made at least minor changes to their equipment design in conjunction with implementing the new sweater style. The San Jose Sharks, Tampa Bay Lightning, Ottawa Senators, Vancouver Canucks, Dallas Stars, and Washington Capitals redesigned their equipment altogether with a new or updated logo. The Columbus Blue Jackets and Minnesota Wild used their alternate sweater from the previous three seasons as the basis for their new look, complete with the team adopting the alternate logo from their alternates as their primary logo.

text: Five of the Original Six teams (excluding the Boston Bruins) as well as the New Jersey Devils kept their previous styles intact when possible, with the Devils going as far as to issue a press release saying that the team had no plans for an event unveiling the Rbk Edge design, because there was nothing new to see.[7] The Anaheim Ducks and Buffalo Sabres, who both had just redesigned their sweaters the year before the implementation of the Edge sweaters, also left theirs mostly unchanged. But the Sabres made the logo on the front of their sweater smaller and took away the silver outline on their white away sweater, and the Ducks added orange piping to their sweater's neckline.

text: Along with the traditional differences between the replica and authentic versions of NHL sweaters, the replica (billed as "premier") versions of the Edge sweater sold to the public have a "jock tag" on the left side of the front near the waist with the Reebok vector, NHL logo, and sweater size.

text: Citing player complaints, Reebok later modified the Edge sweaters, removing the play-dry material in the front and making the sleeves bigger. The modified sweaters, dubbed the Edge II, made their debut at the 2008 NHL Winter Classic on January 1, 2008.[8]

text: 2017–present: Adidas ADIZERO[edit]

text: In 2015, the NHL and Adidas announced plans for Adidas to begin manufacturing official NHL jerseys starting in the 2017–18 season. On June 20, 2017, the NHL unveiled new ADIZERO sweaters for each of the 31 teams, including the first uniform for the league's newest team, the Vegas Golden Knights. The new sweaters are advertised as being lighter, cooler, and stronger than previous jerseys. [9] Due to the change, there will be no third "alternate" jerseys for any NHL teams for the 2017–18 season.

text: Other equipment[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: A team's gear also includes color requirements for other equipment, while not requiring players to use a specific brand or model, so they may select equipment to their preferences. This includes a player's gloves, pants, and helmet. Socks are also part of the design, historically with some pattern of horizontal stripes. CCM/Reebok has been a frequent supplier of player equipment and skates.

text: There is a sock and pant design by Reebok with similar technological improvements and design intentions.


document_title: How I Met Your Mother (season 7)

question_text: when does victoria come back in how i met your mother

text: How I Met Your Mother (season 7)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby
Jason Segel as Marshall Eriksen
Cobie Smulders as Robin Scherbatsky
Neil Patrick Harris as Barney Stinson
Alyson Hannigan as Lily Aldrin
Bob Saget (uncredited) as future Ted Mosby (voice only)

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Kal Penn as Kevin
Lyndsy Fonseca as Penny, Ted's Daughter
David Henrie as Luke, Ted's Son
Becki Newton as Quinn Garvey
Nazanin Boniadi as Nora
Chris Elliott as Mickey Aldrin, Lily's father
Ellen D. Williams as Patrice
Ashley Williams as Victoria
Alexis Denisof as Sandy Rivers
Vicki Lewis as Dr. Sonya
Martin Short as Garrison Cootes, Marshall's boss
Frances Conroy as Loretta Stinson
Wayne Brady as James Stinson
Bill Fagerbakke as Marvin Eriksen, Sr.
Ray Wise as Robin Scherbatsky, Sr., Robin's father
Suzie Plakson as Judy Eriksen
Cristine Rose as Virginia Mosby
Joe Nieves as Carl
Chris Romano as Punchy
Marshall Manesh as Ranjit

text: Guest cast[edit]

text:
Conan O'Brien as a background bar patron (uncredited)[4]
Katie Holmes as Naomi/Slutty Pumpkin[5]
"Weird Al" Yankovic as himself
Ernie Hudson as himself
Brendan Robinson as Ned

text: Ratings[edit]

text: As of December 21, 2011[update], the 7th season was averaging a 5.3 rating / 14% share among adults 18-49, ranking as the 5th highest rated comedy series among adults 18-49.[6]

text: On April 8, 2012, the New York Times stated that the 7th season ratings had reached a series high, marking a 20% increase in ratings among adults 18-49.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Season seven of How I Met Your Mother received mixed reviews from critics. Alan Sepinwall gave the season a mixed review and criticized the flash-forwards throughout the season saying, "the show is just much, much stronger when its stories dwell on matters of the present or the past, and where the writers don't have to act like magicians trying to keep the audience from figuring out how the trick works. And the finale affirmed that belief for me. The parts that had little or nothing to do with things to come were quite good; the parts that were all about the future made me roll my eyes and ask, for the umpteenth time, 'Really? This is where you're going with this?'".[7] Ethan Alter, of Television Without Pity, gave the season a lukewarm response. In his review of the season finale, he criticized the Robin-Barney storyline throughout the season, writing "So after an entire season, we're basically right back where we started, with the writers having taken 24 episodes to stage a reveal that could have happened in the first five minutes of the premiere and had the exact same impact."[8]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

137
1
"The Best Man"
Pamela Fryman
Carter Bays & Craig Thomas
September 19, 2011 (2011-09-19)
7ALH01
11.00[9]

While Barney prepares for his wedding, he and Ted reminisce about Punchy's wedding, which was ruined due to Marshall's drunk antics. Robin considers telling Barney she has feelings for him until Barney receives a call from Nora.

138
2
"The Naked Truth"
Pamela Fryman
Stephen Lloyd
September 19, 2011 (2011-09-19)
7ALH02
12.22[9]

Marshall finally lands his dream job, but he worries that his new employer would rescind the offer because of some past videos showing him as a streaker- Beercules. Meanwhile, Ted is at a loss over whom to take to the Architects' Ball while Barney tries to convince Nora that he can be trustworthy.

139
3
"Ducky Tie"
Rob Greenberg
Carter Bays & Craig Thomas
September 26, 2011 (2011-09-26)
7ALH03
10.50[10]

Ted runs into his old girlfriend, Victoria, and tries to make amends with her since he cheated during their relationship. She reveals she's engaged to a man she met in Germany. Marshall and Lily make a bet with Barney that could force him to wear Marshall's ducky tie.

140
4
"The Stinson Missile Crisis"
Pamela Fryman
Kourtney Kang
October 3, 2011 (2011-10-03)
7ALH04
10.39[11]

Robin is forced to undergo court-mandated therapy sessions after she assaults a girl who is out to ruin Barney's relationship with Nora. Robin becomes attracted to her therapist, Kevin (Kal Penn). Ted gets too involved in Lily's pregnancy.

141
5
"Field Trip"
Pamela Fryman
Jamie Rhonheimer
October 10, 2011 (2011-10-10)
7ALH06
8.89[12]

Ted takes his class on a field trip and Barney tags along. Meanwhile, Marshall takes matters into his own hands when his boss treads too carefully in making a huge settlement with a major company.

142
6
"Mystery vs. History"
Pamela Fryman
Chuck Tatham
October 17, 2011 (2011-10-17)
7ALH05
9.81[13]

The gang intervenes in Ted's business when he refuses to gather information online about a woman he is going to date with disastrous consequences. Meanwhile, Marshall and Lily decide not to find out the sex of their baby, but Barney soon tempts them to change their minds while setting up the baby's room. Kevin, Robin's boyfriend, paints the baby's bedroom.

143
7
"Noretta"
Pamela Fryman
Matt Kuhn
October 24, 2011 (2011-10-24)
7ALH07
9.87[14]

Kevin helps the gang realize that their partners remind them of one of their parents, depressing and embarrassing Marshall and Lily. Meanwhile, Barney and Nora's planned romantic evening is ruined by a string of horrible events.

144
8
"The Slutty Pumpkin Returns"
Pamela Fryman
Tami Sagher
October 31, 2011 (2011-10-31)
7ALH08
10.49[15]

Ted runs into "The Slutty Pumpkin" (Katie Holmes) but realizes that she is not "The One" and actually has nothing in common with him. Barney learns he is part Canadian, to his dismay and Robin's joy, and Lily has pregnancy brain.

145
9
"Disaster Averted"
Michael Shea
Robia Rashid
November 7, 2011 (2011-11-07)
7ALH09
10.28[16]

While the gang reminisces about Hurricane Irene, Barney tries to cut a deal with Marshall and Lily to get out of wearing the Ducky Tie.

146
10
"Tick Tick Tick…"
Pamela Fryman
Chris Harris
November 14, 2011 (2011-11-14)
7ALH10
10.42[17]

Barney and Robin hide a deep secret from their partners after sleeping together. Barney admits that he loves Robin and breaks up with Nora. Ted, Lily and Marshall attend a concert.

147
11
"The Rebound Girl"
Pamela Fryman
Carter Bays & Craig Thomas
November 21, 2011 (2011-11-21)
7ALH11
10.01[18]

On Thanksgiving, Ted and Barney talk about a potential life-changing decision together by adopting a baby. Barney then steals a baby who turned out to be his brother's new baby girl. Robin tries to discourage Marshall and Lily from moving to Long Island to start their new life as a family. Robin reveals a shocking secret to Barney concerning their night together.

148
12
"Symphony of Illumination"
Pamela Fryman
Joe Kelly
December 5, 2011 (2011-12-05)
7ALH12
11.51[19]

Robin receives the bad news that she can never have children and decides to hide it from the gang. Marshall is trapped on the roof of his house in the suburbs and is blackmailed by a teenager to stay there.

149
13
"Tailgate"
Pamela Fryman
Carter Bays & Craig Thomas
January 2, 2012 (2012-01-02)
7ALH13
10.14[20]

Marshall visits his father's grave to continue an old family tradition. Barney and Ted open a new bar and Robin's career takes a more positive turn.

150
14
"46 Minutes"
Pamela Fryman
Dan Gregor & Doug Mand
January 16, 2012 (2012-01-16)
7ALH14
10.08[21]

Marshall and Lily move to Long Island and her father won't stop tormenting them about their house. Barney declares himself "New Leader of the Gang" now that Lily is not present to boss Barney around. The new and 'improved' gang embrace the 'new Lily and Marshall' (Lily's stripper doppelgänger and her boyfriend) with bad consequences.

151
15
"The Burning Beekeeper"
Pamela Fryman
Carter Bays & Craig Thomas
February 6, 2012 (2012-02-06)
7ALH17
9.98[22]

Lily and Marshall throw a housewarming party, where various things go awry.

152
16
"The Drunk Train"
Pamela Fryman
Craig Gerard & Matthew Zinman
February 13, 2012 (2012-02-13)
7ALH16
9.01[23]

Lily and Marshall invite Robin and Kevin on a Valentine's Day trip to Vermont. Lily and Marshall worry about scores concerning the pregnancy. Kevin and Robin use the trip to talk about taking their relationship to the next level. Robin admits to Kevin that she can't have children and he proposes. Meanwhile, Barney realizes he has finally met his match.

153
17
"No Pressure"
Pamela Fryman
George Sloan
February 20, 2012 (2012-02-20)
7ALH15
9.68[24]

After Kevin breaks up with Robin, Ted confesses his feelings to her. Barney finds something private in Marshall and Lily's things. Marshall says something to Robin that he feels Ted loves her too much to say. Special appearance by Conan O'Brien as a background extra in MacLaren's.

154
18
"Karma"
Pamela Fryman
Stephen Lloyd
February 27, 2012 (2012-02-27)
7ALH18
9.07[25]

Barney tries to convince Quinn, aka Karma the stripper, (Becki Newton) to go out with him. Ted wonders what to do with the room now vacated by Robin, who has moved out to the suburbs with help from Marshall and Lily.

155
19
"The Broath"
Pamela Fryman
Carter Bays & Craig Thomas
March 19, 2012 (2012-03-19)
7ALH19
8.15[26]

Barney and Quinn want to move in together, but Barney's friends do not like or trust Quinn and try to break them up. Robin and Ted fight over who deserves to sublet Quinn's apartment.

156
20
"Trilogy Time"
Pamela Fryman
Kourtney Kang
April 9, 2012 (2012-04-09)
7ALH23
8.00[27]

Ted, Marshall and Barney watch the original Star Wars trilogy and suddenly think about their lives three years into the future.

157
21
"Now We're Even"
Pamela Fryman
Chuck Tatham
April 16, 2012 (2012-04-16)
7ALH22
7.24[28]

Although Ted is happy with living alone at his new apartment, Barney tries to convince him about going out every night, attempting to distract himself from the disturbing thoughts of what Quinn would be doing at that moment. Lily has a naughty dream, but Marshall is not in it. Robin finally starts her stint as a news anchor at World Wide News.

158
22
"Good Crazy"
Pamela Fryman
Carter Bays & Craig Thomas
April 30, 2012 (2012-04-30)
7ALH20
7.99[29]

Marshall panics when a baby shower indicates that the birth is close at hand and accidentally takes a road trip with Barney to Atlantic City where he gets completely and utterly drunk. Ted hallucinates seeing Robin while trying to get over her and decides to patch up their differences. Barney tries to talk Quinn out of being a stripper. Lily goes into labor.

159

160
23

24
"The Magician's Code"
Pamela Fryman
Jennifer Hendriks

Carter Bays & Craig Thomas
May 14, 2012 (2012-05-14)
7ALH21

7ALH24
8.58[30]

Marshall and Barney are still in Atlantic City when Lily goes into labor. In order to get back to Manhattan in time for the birth, Marshall must do a deal with the devil — Barney. While waiting for them to get back to the city, Ted and Robin try to keep Lily's mind occupied with stories.

Ted realizes that he has a history of bad relationships with every girl he has dated except for Victoria, and makes it a plan to contact her. Ted is conflicted when Victoria meets up with him on her wedding day and asks him to run away with her. Lily and Marshall have Robin take pictures of the baby's first day. Meanwhile, Barney and Quinn are arrested by airport security while on the way to Hawaii when Barney refuses to open a box they are travelling with. On Barney's future wedding day, his bride is finally revealed.

text: DVD release[edit]

text:
How I Met Your Mother - Season Seven - The Ducky Tie Edition

Set Details
Special Features

Three discs
523 minutes
Anamorphic widescreen format
English 5.1 Dolby Digital audio
English, French and Spanish subtitle options

Neil Patrick Harris' Hollywood Walk of Fame Tribute
Audio Commentary on "The Best Man" episode
Audio Commentary on "The Drunk Train" episode
Audio Commentary on "Karma" episode
Deleted Scenes
Guest Star Powers
How We Wrote Your Mother
How We Make Your Mother
Gag Reel

Release Dates

Region 1

October 2, 2012 (2012-10-02)[31]


document_title: Xbox Game Pass

question_text: what is the game pass on xbox one

question_tokens: what is the game pass on xbox one

text: Xbox Game Pass

text:
Xbox Game Pass

Developer
Microsoft

Type
Subscription gaming service

Launch date
June 1, 2017[1]
May 24, 2017 (Xbox Live Gold access)[2]

Platform
Xbox One and Windows 10 over Xbox app

Status
Active

Website
Official site

text: Xbox Game Pass is a subscription service from Microsoft for use with its Xbox One games console. Described as "Netflix for video games",[3] the Xbox Game Pass grants users access to a catalog of games from a range of publishers for a single monthly subscription price. The service was launched on June 1, 2017 while Xbox Live Gold subscribers received priority access on May 24.

text: History[edit]

text: On February 28, 2017, Microsoft announced the debut of Xbox Game Pass and made a limited catalog of games available to select members of its Xbox Insider community for testing and feedback.[3] Later in the second quarter of 2017, the service was opened up to players who subscribe to Xbox Live Gold, and then to the general user population. An Xbox Live Gold subscription is not required for Xbox Game Pass, but it is required for any online multiplayer content the games in the catalog may contain.

text: As part of Microsoft's E3 2017 press conference, Microsoft announced that select Xbox titles would be made available through a new backward-compatibility feature similar to that in place for Xbox 360 titles. In a later interview, Phil Spencer stated that some of those games could make their way onto Game Pass, as well.[4]

text: On January 23, 2018, Microsoft announced an expansion of Game Pass that would see first-party titles arrive on the catalog day-and-date with the retail release of the game.[5] Sea of Thieves was the first new title to appear on Game Pass on its retail launch date, March 20, 2018.[5] Crackdown 3 and State of Decay 2 will also be added upon launch, although their launch dates were not announced at the time, and future releases in existing Microsoft franchises, such as Halo and Gears of War, will also be added upon their release.[5] Additionally, select ID@Xbox titles are also added to the service on their release dates, the first being Robocraft Infinity.[6]

text: Structure[edit]

text: Xbox Game Pass is similar to Xbox One's existing EA Access video game subscription and to the PlayStation Now service offered by rival Sony.[3][7][8] The subscription catalog contains more than 100 games at launch, with games being added to, and sometimes withdrawn from, the catalog from time to time.[9] Unlike PlayStation Now, in which the player streams the game to their device, Xbox Game Pass allows the player to download the full game to the console; according to Head of Xbox Phil Spencer, this was done to give players "continuous, full-fidelity gameplay without having to worry about streaming, bandwidth or connectivity issues".[10] Unlike EA Access, Xbox Game Pass offers games from a wide range of publishers, such as Namco, Capcom, WB Games, 2K Games, SEGA, and first party games from Microsoft Studios.[9] Addtionally, while Playstation Now has a rental option for its games in addition to a paid subscription option, Xbox Game Pass has no such option.

text: The catalog features select games for Xbox One as well as select Xbox 360 titles with which Xbox One is backward-compatible.[10] There is no limit to the number of games a player can download and install to their consoles, other than the amount of storage space available to the console.[9] As long as a game remains in the catalog, it is available for unlimited download and play by subscribers.[10] Players can purchase games in the catalog at a 20% discount, and any related add-on content for those games at a 10% discount. The discounted price is available only while the game is in the catalog and is only for the particular game; for comparison, the EA Access 10% subscriber discount applies to any EA-published content, not just content in its subscription catalog.[10] Games from the catalog can be played while the console is offline, but for no more than 30 days before it must reconnect to verify an active subscription.[11]

text: If the game is removed from the catalog by Microsoft, or the player ends their subscription, access is suspended until the player purchases the game or renews their subscription, but their in-game progress will be saved in the interim.[10] If the game is an Xbox 360 title, it will be back-compatible and must be used on Xbox One; it cannot be downloaded to a player's Xbox 360 console unless the player chooses to purchase it.[10]


question_text: who is burried in the tomb of the unknown soldier

text: Coordinates: 39°56′49″N 75°09′10″W / 39.947073°N 75.152689°W / 39.947073; -75.152689

text: The Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier, sometimes referred to as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the American Revolution, is a war memorial located within Washington Square in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The memorial honors the thousands of soldiers who died during the American Revolutionary War, many of whom were buried in mass graves in the square. The tomb and Washington Square are part of Independence National Historical Park.

text: The memorial was first conceived in 1954 by the Washington Square Planning Committee, and was completed in 1957.[1] The monument was designed by architect G. Edwin Brumbaugh and includes an eternal flame and a bronze cast of Jean Antoine Houdon's statue of George Washington as the monument's centerpiece. The tomb includes remains which were disinterred, after archeological examination, from beneath the square. The remains are that of a soldier, but it is uncertain if he was Colonial or British.[1] An unknown number of bodies were buried beneath the square and the surrounding area. Remains are still occasionally found during construction and maintenance projects.

text: Engraved in the side of the tomb are these words:[1]

text:
"Freedom is a light for which many men have died in darkness"
"The independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint councils and joint efforts of common dangers, suffering and success" (Washington Farewell Address, Sept. 17, 1796)
"In unmarked graves within this square lie thousands of unknown soldiers of Washington's Army who died of wounds and sickness during the Revolutionary War."

text: The plaque on the tomb reads:[1]

text: "Beneath this stone rests a soldier of Washington's army who died to give you liberty."


question_text: how many premier league goals has defoe scored

text: Since the Premier League's formation at the start of the 1992–93 season, 28 players have managed to accrue 100 or more goals in the competition.

text: During the 1995–96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League.[1][2] After Shearer, Harry Kane is the second-fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 141 games.[3]

text: Players[edit]

text:
List of Premier League players with 100 or more goals

Rank
Player
Premier League club(s)
Goals
Played
Ratio

1
 Shearer, AlanAlan Shearer
Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United
260
441
0.59

2
 Rooney, WayneWayne Rooney
Everton, Manchester United
208
491
0.42

3
 Cole, AndyAndy Cole
Newcastle United, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth
187
414
0.45

4
 Lampard, FrankFrank Lampard
West Ham United, Chelsea, Manchester City
177
609
0.29

5
 Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
Arsenal
175
258
0.68

6
 Fowler, RobbieRobbie Fowler
Liverpool, Leeds United, Manchester City
163
379
0.43

7
 Defoe, JermainJermain Defoe
West Ham United, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Bournemouth
162
491
0.33

8
 Owen, MichaelMichael Owen
Liverpool, Newcastle United, Manchester United, Stoke City
150
326
0.46

9
 Ferdinand, LesLes Ferdinand
Queens Park Rangers, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers
149
351
0.42

10
 Sheringham, TeddyTeddy Sheringham
Nottingham Forest, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United, Portsmouth, West Ham United
146
418
0.35

11
 van Persie, RobinRobin van Persie
Arsenal, Manchester United
144
280
0.51

12
 Agüero, SergioSergio Agüero
Manchester City
143
206
0.69

13
 Hasselbaink, Jimmy FloydJimmy Floyd Hasselbaink
Leeds United, Chelsea, Middlesbrough, Charlton Athletic
127
288
0.44

14
 Keane, RobbieRobbie Keane
Coventry City, Leeds United, Tottenham Hotspur, Liverpool, West Ham United, Aston Villa
126
349
0.36

15
 Anelka, NicolasNicolas Anelka
Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester City, Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea, West Bromwich Albion
125
364
0.34

16
 Yorke, DwightDwight Yorke
Aston Villa, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Birmingham City, Sunderland
123
375
0.33

17
 Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard
Liverpool
120
504
0.24

18
 Wright, IanIan Wright
Arsenal, West Ham United
113
213
0.53

19
 Dublin, DionDion Dublin
Manchester United, Coventry City, Aston Villa
111
312
0.36

20
 Heskey, EmileEmile Heskey
Leicester City, Liverpool, Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic, Aston Villa
110
516
0.21

21
 Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs
Manchester United
109
632
0.17

22
 Kane, HarryHarry Kane
Tottenham Hotspur
108
153
0.71

23
 Crouch, PeterPeter Crouch
Aston Villa, Southampton, Liverpool, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Stoke City
108
462
0.23

23
 Scholes, PaulPaul Scholes
Manchester United
107
499
0.21

25
 Bent, DarrenDarren Bent
Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Aston Villa, Fulham
106
276
0.38

26
 Drogba, DidierDidier Drogba
Chelsea
104
254
0.41

27
 Lukaku, RomeluRomelu Lukaku
West Bromwich Albion, Everton, Manchester United
101
220
0.46

28
 Le Tissier, MattMatt Le Tissier
Southampton
100
270
0.37

Italics show players still playing professional football; Bold shows players still playing in the Premier League.[4]