document_title: Belgium national football team

question_text: where did the nickname red devils come from

text: Belgium national football team

text: History[edit]

text: Belgium was one of the first mainland European countries to play association football.[10] Its practice in Belgium began on 26 October 1863, after an Irish student walked into the Josephites College of Melle with a leather ball.[11] Initially an elitist pastime,[12] during the following decades association football supplanted rugby as Belgium's most popular football sport.[13] On 1 September 1895, ten clubs for football, athletics, cricket and cycling founded the Belgian sports board Union Belge des Sociétés de Sports Athlétiques (UBSSA);[13][14] a year later UBSSA organised the first annual league in Belgian football.[13]

text: On 11 October 1900, Beerschot AC honorary president Jorge Díaz announced that Antwerp would host a series of challenge matches between Europe's best football teams.[15] After some organisational problems, on 28 April 1901, Beerschot's pitch hosted its first tournament, in which a Belgian A-squad and a Dutch B-team contested the Coupe Vanden Abeele.[16][17] Belgium won,[18] and beat the Netherlands in all three follow-up games;[19] FIFA does not recognise these results because Belgium fielded some English players.[19] On 1 May 1904, the Belgians played their first official game, against France at the Stade du Vivier d'Oie in Uccle; their draw left the Évence Coppée Trophy unclaimed.[20] Twenty days later, the football boards of both countries were among the seven FIFA founders.[21][22] At that time, the Belgian squad was chosen by a committee drawn from the country's six or seven major clubs.[23] In 1906, the national team players received the nickname Red Devils because of their red jerseys,[24] and four years later, Scottish ex-footballer William Maxwell replaced the UBSSA committee as their manager.[25] From 1912, UBSSA governed football only and was renamed UBSFA.[D][1][13] During the Great War, the national team only played unrecognised friendlies, with games in and against France.[26][27]

text: At the 1920 Summer Olympics, in their first official Olympic appearance, the Red Devils won the gold medal on home soil after a controversial final in which their Czechoslovak opponents left the pitch.[28] This triumph led them to an all-time high second place in the World Football Elo Ratings.[8] In the three 1920s Summer Olympics, they achieved fair results (four wins in seven games), and played their first intercontinental match, against Argentina.[26] Over the following decade, however, Belgium lost all of their matches at the first three FIFA World Cup final tournaments.[26] According to historian Richard Henshaw, "The growth of [football] in Scandinavia, Central Europe, and South America left Belgium far behind".[29] Although World War II hindered international football events in the 1940s, the Belgian team remained active with unofficial matches against squads of other allied nations.[30]

text: Belgium qualified for only one of eight major tournaments during the 1950s and the 1960s: the 1954 World Cup. The day before the tournament began, the RBFA was among the three UEFA founders.[31] Dutch journalists considered the draw of the 1954 Belgian team in their opener against England to be the most surprising result of that match day, even more than Switzerland's victory over the Italian "football stars".[32] However, Belgium were eliminated after a loss to Italy in the second (and last) group match.[33] Two bright spots in these decades were wins against World Cup holders: West Germany in 1954, and Brazil in 1963.[26] Between these, Belgium defeated Hungary's Golden Team in 1956.[26] The combination of failure in competitive games, and success in exhibition matches, gave the Belgians the mock title of "world champion of the friendlies".[34][35]

text: The team's performance improved during the early 1970s, under manager Raymond Goethals. Fully dressed in white, as the White Devils,[36] Belgium had their first victories at World and European Championships at the 1970 World Cup and Euro 1972.[37][38] En route to that Euro appearance, their first, they eliminated reigning European champions Italy by winning the two-legged play-offs on aggregate. At the end stage, they finished third by winning the consolation match against Hungary.[38] In 1973, the denial of a match-winning goal in their last 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification game for UEFA Group 3 cost Belgium their appearance at the finals,[39] causing Belgium to become the only nation ever to miss a World Cup final round despite not allowing a goal during the qualifiers.[40] The next two attempts to reach a major finals were also fruitless.[41][42]

text: Beginning with a second-place finish at Euro 1980,[43] the 1980s and the early 1990s are generally considered as Belgium's first golden age.[44] Coached by Guy Thys, they achieved their spot in the 1980 final with an unbeaten record in the group phase; in the final, they narrowly lost the title to West Germany with the score 1–2.[43] Starting with the 1982 World Cup, and ending with the 2002 World Cup, the national team qualified for six consecutive World Cup end stages and mostly progressed to the second round.[45] During this period, managers Guy Thys, Paul Van Himst and Robert Waseige each guided a Belgian selection past the first round.[46][47][48] In addition to receiving individual FIFA recognitions,[49][50] the team reached the semi-finals of the 1986 World Cup.[51] After reaching the Euro 1980 final, they were unsuccessful at subsequent European Championships, with early exits from their appearances at Euro 1984 and Euro 2000.[52][53] During the late 1990s, they played three friendly tournaments in Morocco, Cyprus and Japan,[54][55] sharing the 1999 Kirin Cup with Peru in the latter.[56] The greatest talents of the Belgian team during this golden age were retired from international football by 2000,[57] yet in 2002, Belgium defeated reigning world and European champions France,[26] and reached the World Cup round of 16.[48]

text: After the 2002 World Cup, the team weakened with the loss of more veterans and coach Waseige.[58][59] They missed out five successive major finals from Euro 2004 until Euro 2012, and went through an equal number of head coaches.[60] A 2005 win over reigning European champions Greece meant nothing but a small comfort.[26] In between, a promising new generation was maturing at the 2007 European U-21 Championship; Belgium's squad qualified for the following year's Summer Olympics in Beijing,[61] where the Young Red Devils squad finished fourth.[62] Seventeen of them appeared in the senior national team,[57] albeit without making an immediate impact. Belgium finished in second (and last) place at the Kirin Cup in May 2009,[63] and lost against the 125th FIFA-ranked Armenian team in September 2009.[6] After Georges Leekens' second stint as national manager,[64][65] his assistant Marc Wilmots became the caretaker in May 2012.[66]

text: After two matches as interim coach, Wilmots agreed to replace Leekens as manager.[67] Following his appointment, the team's results improved,[68] such that some foreign media regarded it as another Belgian golden generation.[69][70][71] The young Belgian squad qualified as unbeaten group winners for the 2014 World Cup finals,[72] and earned Belgium's second-ever place in a World Cup quarter-finals with a four-game winning streak.[73] Belgium qualified for Euro 2016 with a match to spare in October 2015,[74] and took the top spot in the FIFA World Rankings for the first time in November 2015,[75] to stay first for five months.[6][76] In the following year, Belgium could not confirm their role as outsider at the European Championship with a quarter-final elimination by the 26th FIFA-ranked Welsh team;[6][77] this prompted the RBFA to dismiss Wilmots.[78] In the 2018 World Cup qualifying allocation, they were seeded first in their group,[79][80] and made the final tournament under Spanish manager Roberto Martínez, becoming the first European team besides the hosts Russia to do so.[81]

text: Kit[edit]

text: In home matches, the team's outfield players traditionally wear the colours of the Belgian flag: black, yellow and red.[82][83][84] Red dominates the strip and is often the sole jersey colour.[83][84] The away colours are usually white, black or both;[85] in 2014, the squad introduced a third, yellow kit.[86] Their shirts are often trimmed with tricolores at the margins.[84][87] Since 1981, the RBFA emblem has been the national team's badge;[84][88] the previous badge was a yellow lion on a black shield,[83][84] similar to the escutcheon of the national coat of arms.[89]

text: For their first unofficial match in 1901, the Belgian team wore white jerseys with tricoloured bands on the upper arms.[16] Around their third unofficial game in 1902, the choice was made for a "shirt with national colours ... [that would indicate,] with a stripe, the number of times every player has participated in an encounter".[18] Since 1904, Belgium's classic all-red jersey design has been altered twice. In 1904–05, the squad briefly wore satin shirts with three horizontal bands in red, yellow and black; according to sports journalist Victor Boin, the shirts set "the ugliness record".[23] During the 1970s, manager Raymond Goethals chose an all-white combination to improve the team's visibility during evening matches.[36][90]

text: Six clothing manufacturers have supplied the official team strip. Since 2014, it has been produced by Adidas,[91] who was also the supplier from 1974 to 1980, and from 1982 to 1991.[92] Former kit manufacturers are Umbro (early 1970s),[90][92] Admiral (1981–1982),[E][92] Diadora (1992–1999),[92] Nike (1999–2010) and BURRDA (2010–2014).[F][92][94]

text: Home stadium[edit]

text: Numerous former and current venues in 11 urban areas have hosted Belgium's home games.[26] Most of these matches have been played in Brussels at the Heysel Plateau, on the site of the present-day King Baudouin Stadium—a multipurpose facility with a seating capacity of 50,122.[95] Its field also hosts the team's final trainings before domestic games. Since 2007, most physical preparation takes place at the National Football Centre in Tubize,[96] or at Anderlecht's training ground in the Neerpede quarter.[97][98] Apart from Belgian home friendlies, at the international level Belgium's national stadium has also hosted six European Championship games.[99][100]

text: In 1930, for the country's centennial, the venue was inaugurated as the Jubilee Stadium with an unofficial match between Belgium and the Netherlands.[101] At that time, the stadium had a capacity of 75,000.[102] In 1946, it was renamed Heysel Stadium after its city quarter. This new name became associated with the tragedy preceding the 1985 European Cup final between Juventus and Liverpool; 39 spectators died after riots in the then antiquated building.[103][104] Three years after the disaster, plans were unveiled for a renovation;[105] in 1995, after two years of work, the modernised stadium was named after the late King Baudouin.[106] In May 2013, the Brussels-Capital Region announced that the King Baudouin Stadium would be replaced by Eurostadium, elsewhere on the Heysel Plateau;[107] two years later, a 2019 date was set for the stadium's completion.[108]

text: Team image[edit]

text: Media coverage[edit]

text: The first live coverage of a Belgian sporting event occurred on 3 May 1931, when journalist Gust De Muynck commentated on the football game between Belgium and the Netherlands on radio.[109] Later, football broadcasts were also televised. As 60 per cent of Belgians speak Dutch and 40 per cent French,[110] commentaries for the national team matches are provided in both languages. The games are not broadcast in German—Belgium's third official language.[110] During Belgium's tournament appearances in the 1980s and the early 1990s, Rik De Saedeleer crowned himself the nation's most famous football commentator with his emotional and humorous reports.[111]

text: Initially the matches were transmitted mainly on public television channels: the former BRTN in Dutch, and the RTBF in French. Since 1994, commercial channels such as vtm and its sister channel Kanaal 2, and VIER in Flanders, have purchased broadcasting rights.[1] As of November 2016, the Euro 2016 round-of-16 match against Hungary was the most-watched programme in Belgian television history, with an audience of over four million viewers out of 11.3 million Belgian citizens.[110][112][113]

text: In April 2014, the VRT started transmitting a nine-piece, behind-the-scenes documentary about the national team filmed during the 2014 World Cup qualifiers, titled Iedereen Duivel (Everybody Devil).[114] Cable broadband provider Telenet broadcast an eight-part documentary about individual players titled Rode Helden (Red Heroes).[115]

text: Side activities[edit]

text: Multiple events were organised for the fans during the squad's peak popularity in the 2010s. During the 2014 World Cup qualifiers, a string of interactive events called the Devil Challenges were organised.[116] The premise was that small groups of international players would do a favour in return for each of the five comprehensive chores their supporters completed ("colour Belgium red", "gather 500,000 decibels", etc.), all of which were accomplished.[117] In June 2013, the Belgian national team's first ever Fan Day attracted over 20,000 supporters;[118] a second was held after the 2014 World Cup.[119] On the days of Belgium's 2014 World Cup group matches, large dance events titled Dance with the Devils took place in three Belgian cities.[120] This type of happening was repeated during Belgium's Euro 2016 group matches.[121]

text: Occasionally, the Belgian team directly supported charity. Between 1914 and 1941 they played at minimum five unofficial games of which the returns were for charitable purposes: two against France,[27][122] and three against the Netherlands.[101][123] In mid-1986, when the Belgian delegation reached the Mexico World Cup semi-finals, the squad started a project titled Casa Hogar, an idea of delegation leader Michel D'Hooghe.[124] Casa Hogar is a home for street children in the Mexican industrial city of Toluca, to which the footballers donated part of their tournament bonuses.[125] In August 2013, the national team supported four social projects through the charity fund Football+ Foundation, by playing an A-match with a plus sign on the shoulders of their jerseys and auctioning the shirts.[126]

text: In 2002, the national squad held its first anti-racism campaign in which they posed with slogans.[127] A home Euro 2012 qualifier was given the theme of respect for diversity in 2010; this UEFA-supported action was part of the European FARE Action Week.[128] Ex-Red Devil Dimitri Mbuyu—the first black Belgium player (in 1987)[57][129]—was engaged as godfather, and other foreign, current, and former footballers who played in the Belgian top division participated.[130]

text: Nickname and logo[edit]

text: After a 1905 match, a Dutch reporter wrote that three Belgian footballers "work[ed] as devils".[131] A year later Léopold FC manager Pierre Walckiers nicknamed the players Red Devils, inspired by their jersey colour, and the achievement of three successive victories in 1906.[24][26] Because of their white home shirts in the 1970s, they were temporarily known as the White Devils.[36] Since 2012, the team logo is a red trident (or three-pronged pitchfork),[132] an item that is often associated with the devil.[133] Before that, the national squad had three official anthropomorphous mascots. The first was a lion in team kit named Diabolix,[134] a reference to the central symbol in the Belgian coat of arms that appeared on the team jerseys from 1905 to 1980.[84][135] In accordance with their epithet, the next mascots were a red super-devil and a fan-made modern devil.[134]

text: Supporters[edit]

text:
"Cycling is the traditional national sport of Belgium, but soccer is the most popular."

—Historian Richard Henshaw, 1979[13]

tag: div

text: Fans of the Belgian national team display the country's tricolour national flag, usually with an emphasis on the red element. In 2012, local supporter clubs merged into one large Belgian federation named "1895" after the foundation year of the RBFA. One year later, 1895 had 24,000 members.[136] The nationwide interest in the football squad has also been reflected by the occasional presence of Belgian monarchs at their matches since 1914.[137][138][139] One of the greatest moments for the Belgian team and their 12th man was in mid-1986 when the Belgian delegation at the Mexico World Cup received a warm "welcome home". When the World Cup semi-finalists appeared on the balcony of Brussels Town Hall, the adjoining Grand Place square was filled with an ecstatic crowd that cheered as though their squad had won a major tournament.[140]

text: The team's deterioration after the 2002 World Cup lead to their absence from the end stages of the next five major tournaments, and strained their popularity. Between 2004 and 2010, local journalists called the Belgian footballing nation "mortally ill".[141][142] Some fans continued to support their squad in bad times. Ludo Rollenberg was one of the most loyal fans attending the team's games worldwide since 1990, missing only the Japanese Kirin Cup in 1999, and two other matches by 2006.[143] He was the only supporter to attend their game in Armenia in 2009.[144]

text: Just before the kick-off of a 2014 World Cup home qualifier, Belgium's footballers saw a first tifo banner, sized 10.5 by 11.5 metres (34 by 38 ft) depicting a devil in the national colours.[145] The presence of many Belgian players in top leagues abroad, such as the Premier League,[146] and promising results under Marc Wilmots, increased fans' enthusiasm and belief in a successful World Cup campaign.[118][147] Because of this popularity peak, two Belgian monuments were decorated in national colours for the 2014 FIFA World Cup event; the Manneken Pis statue received a child-sized version of the new Belgian uniform,[148] and facets of the Atomium's upper sphere were covered in black, yellow and red vinyl.[149]

text: Rivalries[edit]

text: Belgium's main football rivals are its neighbours the Netherlands and France, with which it shares close cultural and political relations.[150][151] The matchup between the Belgian and Dutch team is known as the Low Countries derby;[101] as of November 2016[update] they have played each other in 126 official games.[152] The clash between the Belgian and French sides is nicknamed le Match Sympathique in French ("the Friendly Match");[153] they have contested 73 official games as of November 2016[update].[152]

text: Belgium won the first four—unofficial—matches against the Netherlands,[18] but lost their first FIFA-recognised contest.[26] The two national teams played each other biannually between 1905 and 1964, except during the World Wars.[26] They have met 18 times in major tournament campaigns, and have played at least 35 friendly cup matches: in Belgium for the Coupe Vanden Abeele, and in the Netherlands for the Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad-Beker.[17][131] The overall balance favours the Netherlands, with 55 wins against 41 Belgian victories.[152] The Low Countries' squads co-operated in fundraising initiatives between 1925 and 1941; they played five unofficial games for charity, FIFA and the Belgian Olympic Committee.[101][123][154]

text: The first match between Belgium and France, the Évence Coppée Trophy played in 1904, was the first official game for both teams and the first official football match between independent countries on the European continent.[155] Until 1967, the sides met almost annually.[26] As of November 2016, France has played most often against Belgium in international football.[152] Belgium have the better record, with 30 wins to France's 24.[152]

text: Management[edit]

text: Since 1904, the RBFA, 24 permanent managers and two caretaker managers have officially been in charge of the national team;[G][25][60] this includes one national footballer selector.[25] As of November 2016[update], a crew of over 20 RBFA employees guides the player group,[158] including their Spanish manager Roberto Martínez, his assistants Graeme Jones and Thierry Henry, and goalkeeping coaches Erwin Lemmens and Iñaki Bergara.[159][160] As of 28 March 2017, Marc Wilmots is statistically the best performing Belgium manager with an average of 2.18 points per match.[H] Under him, Belgium reached the top FIFA ranking spot in 2015, which earned him the title of Best Coach of the Year at the 2015 Globe Soccer Awards.[161] Under Guy Thys, the squad achieved record results at World and European championships; World Soccer magazine accordingly proclaimed him Manager of the Year in 1986.[162]

text: Rather than developing innovative team formations or styles of play, Belgium's managers applied conventional tactics. At the three 1930s World Cups, the Red Devils were aligned in a contemporary 2–3–5 "pyramid".[163][164][165] In 1954, Doug Livingstone's squad played in a 3–2–5 "WM" arrangement during World Cup matches.[33] Throughout most of their tournament games in the 1970s, the 1980s and the 1990s, the team played in a 4–4–2 formation.[37][46][47] Since Raymond Goethals' stint in the 1970s, a key strength of the Belgian squad has been their systematic use of the offside trap,[166] a defensive tactic that was already intensively applied in the 1960s by Anderlecht coach Pierre Sinibaldi.[167] According to football journalist Wim De Bock, "master tactician" Goethals represented the "conservative, defensive football of the Belgian national team"; he added that in the 1970s, the contrast between the Belgian playing style and the Total Football of their Dutch rivals "could not be bigger".[168]

text: In an attempt to win a game at the 1998 World Cup, Georges Leekens chose a 4–3–3 arrangement for Belgium's second and third group matches.[169] Robert Waseige, Belgium coach around 2000, said that "above all, [his] 4–4–2 system [was] holy", in the sense that he left good attackers on the bench to keep his favourite formation.[170] Wilmots opted for the 4–3–3 line-up again,[171] with the intention of showing dominant football against any country.[172]

text: Players[edit]

text: Current squad[edit]

text: The following 26 players were convocated for the international friendlies against Mexico and Japan, on 10 and 14 November 2017 respectively. Michy Batshuayi and Radja Nainggolan were also called up but dropped out through injury. Note that the RBFA lists all wingers as forwards.

text: Caps, goals and player numbers are correct as of 14 November 2017[update] after the game against Japan;[173] only FIFA-recognised matches are included.[I]

text:
0#0
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club

1
1GK
Thibaut Courtois
(1992-05-11) 11 May 1992 (age 25)
54
0
 Chelsea

12
1GK
Simon Mignolet
(1988-03-06) 6 March 1988 (age 29)
20
0
 Liverpool

13
1GK
Koen Casteels
(1992-06-25) 25 June 1992 (age 25)
0
0
 Wolfsburg

1GK
Matz Sels
(1992-02-26) 26 February 1992 (age 25)
0
0
 Anderlecht

5
2DF
Jan Vertonghen
(1987-04-24) 24 April 1987 (age 30)
98
8
 Tottenham Hotspur

3
2DF
Thomas Vermaelen
(1985-11-14) 14 November 1985 (age 32)
63
1
 Barcelona

15
2DF
Thomas Meunier
(1991-09-12) 12 September 1991 (age 26)
21
5
 Paris Saint-Germain

23
2DF
Laurent Ciman
(1985-08-05) 5 August 1985 (age 32)
19
1
 Los Angeles FC

2
2DF
Jordan Lukaku
(1994-07-25) 25 July 1994 (age 23)
8
0
 Lazio

20
2DF
Dedryck Boyata
(1990-11-28) 28 November 1990 (age 27)
4
0
 Celtic

4
2DF
Leander Dendoncker
(1995-04-15) 15 April 1995 (age 22)
4
0
 Anderlecht

24
2DF
Christian Kabasele
(1991-02-24) 24 February 1991 (age 26)
2
0
 Watford

6
3MF
Axel Witsel
(1989-01-12) 12 January 1989 (age 28)
87
9
 Tianjin Quanjian

10
3MF
Eden Hazard (captain)
(1991-01-07) 7 January 1991 (age 26)
82
21
 Chelsea

19
3MF
Mousa Dembélé
(1987-07-16) 16 July 1987 (age 30)
73
5
 Tottenham Hotspur

11
3MF
Kevin Mirallas
(1987-10-05) 5 October 1987 (age 30)
57
10
 Everton

7
3MF
Kevin De Bruyne
(1991-06-28) 28 June 1991 (age 26)
55
12
 Manchester City

16
3MF
Steven Defour
(1988-04-15) 15 April 1988 (age 29)
50
2
 Burnley

22
3MF
Nacer Chadli
(1989-08-02) 2 August 1989 (age 28)
40
4
 West Bromwich Albion

18
3MF
Thorgan Hazard
(1993-03-29) 29 March 1993 (age 24)
7
1
 Borussia Mönchengladbach

8
3MF
Youri Tielemans
(1997-05-07) 7 May 1997 (age 20)
7
0
 Monaco

25
3MF
Adnan Januzaj
(1995-02-05) 5 February 1995 (age 22)
6
0
 Real Sociedad

9
4FW
Romelu Lukaku
(1993-05-13) 13 May 1993 (age 24)
65
31
 Manchester United

14
4FW
Dries Mertens
(1987-05-06) 6 May 1987 (age 30)
63
13
 Napoli

17
4FW
Divock Origi
(1995-04-18) 18 April 1995 (age 22)
24
3
 Wolfsburg

21
4FW
Laurent Depoitre
(1988-12-07) 7 December 1988 (age 29)
1
1
 Huddersfield Town

text: Recent call-ups[edit]

text: The following footballers were part of a national selection in the past 12 months,[175][176] but are not part of the current squad.

text:
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club
Latest call-up

DF
Toby Alderweireld
(1989-03-02) 2 March 1989 (age 28)
71
3
 Tottenham Hotspur
v.  Cyprus, 10 October 2017 INJ

DF
Vincent Kompany (vice-captain)
(1986-04-10) 10 April 1986 (age 31)
72
4
 Manchester City
v.  Bosnia and Herzegovina, 7 October 2017 PRE

DF
Thomas Foket
(1994-09-25) 25 September 1994 (age 23)
2
0
 Gent
v.  Estonia, 9 June 2017

MF
Radja Nainggolan
(1988-05-04) 4 May 1988 (age 29)
28
6
 Roma
v.  Mexico, 10 November 2017 INJ

MF
Marouane Fellaini
(1987-11-22) 22 November 1987 (age 30)
77
15
 Manchester United
v.  Bosnia and Herzegovina, 7 October 2017 INJ

MF
Yannick Carrasco
(1993-09-04) 4 September 1993 (age 24)
21
5
 Atlético Madrid
v.  Bosnia and Herzegovina, 7 October 2017 INJ

FW
Michy Batshuayi
(1993-10-02) 2 October 1993 (age 24)
12
4
 Chelsea
v.  Mexico, 10 November 2017 INJ

FW
Christian Benteke
(1990-12-03) 3 December 1990 (age 27)
31
11
 Crystal Palace
v.  Greece, 3 September 2017 INJ

text: Notable[edit]

text: Between 1904 and 1980, mainly attacking Belgium players were recognised as talented footballers. In the team's first decade, striker Robert De Veen was very productive with 26 goals in 23 international appearances.[177] Richard Henshaw described Alphonse Six as "Belgium's greatest player in the prewar period ... [who] was often called the most skillful forward outside Great Britain".[29] The key player of the victorious 1920 Olympic squad was Robert Coppée, who scored a hat-trick against Spain's Ricardo Zamora,[178] and the penalty in the final.[179] Other outstanding Belgian strikers in the interwar period were top scorer Bernard Voorhoof and "Belgium's football grandmaster" Raymond Braine,[57][180] considered "one of the greatest players of the era".[181]

text: Gifted players in the 1940s and the 1950s included centre-back Louis Carré and attackers Jef Mermans, Pol Anoul and Rik Coppens;[29] at the 1954 World Cup, Anoul shone with three goals,[33] and newspaper L'Équipe named Coppens the event's best centre forward.[182] The 1960s and the early 1970s were the glory days of forward and four-time Belgian Golden Shoe Paul Van Himst,[183] later elected Belgian UEFA Golden Player of 1954–2003 and Belgium's Player of the Century by IFFHS.[184][185] At the 1965 Ballon d'Or, Van Himst ranked fourth, achieving Belgium's highest ever position at the European football election.[186] Decades after Coppens and Van Himst had retired from playing football, a journalist on a Flemish television show asked them "Who [from both of you] was the best, actually?". Coppens replied: "I will ask Paul that ... If Paul says it was me, then he's right".[187] In 1966, striker Raoul Lambert and defending midfielder Wilfried Van Moer joined the national team;[57] while the UEFA praised Lambert for his skills at Euro 1972,[188] Van Moer won three Golden Shoes and equalled Van Himst's fourth rank at the Ballon d'Or in 1980.[183][189]

text: Belgium has seen two talented waves since 1980, from which several players in defensive positions gained international fame. In the 1980s and the early 1990s, goalkeepers Jean-Marie Pfaff and Michel Preud'homme were elected best custodians at FIFA World Cups,[49][50] while FIFA recognised midfielders Jan Ceulemans and Enzo Scifo as the propelling forces of Belgium's 1986 FIFA World Cup squad.[49][190] In 2002, after all players of this generation had retired,[57] Marc Wilmots became Belgium's top scorer at the World Cup with five goals.[48][169]

text: During the 12 years in which Belgium failed to qualify for major tournaments, another golden generation matured, most of whom later featured in foreign top football leagues; as of July 2013, 12 Belgian national team players would play the next season in the English Premier League.[146] Five players of this generation gained both prime individual and team awards in foreign top competitions or European club competitions:[J] defenders Vincent Kompany and Jan Vertonghen,[191][192][193][194] wingers Eden Hazard and Kevin De Bruyne,[195][196][197][198] and forward Kevin Mirallas.[199][200] However, as of November 2016 none of them were regarded by FIFA or UEFA to be the best at their position in any major international tournament yet.[201][202]

text: Competitive record[edit]

text: FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Belgium failed to progress past the first round of their earliest five World Cup participations. After two scoreless defeats at the inaugural World Cup in 1930,[163] the team scored in their first-round knockout games in the 1934 and 1938 editions—but only enough to save their honour.[164][165] In 1954, they tied with England (4–4 after extra time),[33] and in 1970, they won their first World Cup match, against El Salvador (3–0).[37] From 1982 until 2002, Belgium reached six successive World Cups by playing qualification rounds, advancing to the second phase five times.[45] In the 1982 FIFA World Cup opener, Belgium beat defending champions Argentina 1–0. Their tournament ended in the second group stage, after a Polish hat-trick by Zbigniew Boniek and a 0–1 loss against the Soviet Union.[46]

text: At Mexico 1986, the Belgian team achieved their best-ever World Cup run. In the knockout phase as underdogs they beat the Soviets after extra time (3–4);[203] the unnoticed offside position of Jan Ceulemans, during the initial ninety minutes, allowed him to equalise (2–2) and force the game into extra time.[204] They also beat Spain, in a penalty shoot-out after a 1–1 draw, but lost to eventual champions Argentina in the semi-final 2–0, and France in the third-place match (4–2).[51] In the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Belgium dominated periods of their second-round match against England;[205] Enzo Scifo and Jan Ceulemans hit the woodwork.[206] David Platt's volley in the final minute of extra time, described as "nearly blind" by Richard Witzig,[207] avoided an apparently goalless draw and led to the sudden elimination of the Belgians.[208]

text: In 1994, a 3–2 defeat to defending champions Germany saw Belgium go out in the second round again.[47] Afterwards, the entire Belgian delegation criticised referee Kurt Röthlisberger for not awarding a penalty for a foul on Belgian Josip Weber.[209] Three draws in the group stage of the 1998 World Cup were insufficient for Belgium to reach the knockout stage.[169] With two draws, the 2002 FIFA World Cup started poorly for Belgium, but they won the decisive group match against Russia 3–2. In the second round, they faced eventual World Cup winners Brazil; Belgium lost 2–0 after Marc Wilmots' headed opening goal was disallowed due to a "phantom foul" on Roque Júnior, as Witzig named it.[48][210]

text: In 2014, Belgium beat all their group opponents with a single-goal difference.[73] Thereafter, they played an entertaining round of 16 game against the United States,[211] in which American goalkeeper Tim Howard made 15 saves.[K] However, they defeated the US 2–1 in extra time.[73] In a balanced quarter-final, Argentina eliminated Belgium, after a 1–0 victory.[213]

text:
Belgium's FIFA World Cup record

Qualification record

Host nation(s)
and year
Round
Pos
Pld
W
D*
L
GF
GA
Squad
Outcome
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA

 1930
Round 1
11th of 13
2
0
0
2
0
4
Squad
Qualified as invitees

 1934
15th of 16
1
0
0
1
2
5
Squad
2nd of 4
2
0
1
1
6
8

 1938
13th of 15
1
0
0
1
1
3
Squad
2nd of 4
2
1
1
0
4
3

 1950
Withdrew[214]
Withdrew

 1954
Group stage
12th of 16
2
0
1
1
5
8
Squad
1st of 3
4
3
1
0
11
6

 1958
Did not qualify
2nd of 3
4
2
1
1
16
11

 1962
3rd of 3
4
0
0
4
3
10

 1966
1st of 4, playoff loss
5
3
0
2
12
5

 1970
Group stage
10th of 16
3
1
0
2
4
5
Squad
1st of 4
6
4
1
1
14
8

 1974
Did not qualify
2nd of 4
6
4
2
0
12
0

 1978
2nd of 4
6
3
0
3
7
6

 1982
Group stage 2
10th of 24
5
2
1
2
3
5
Squad
1st of 5
8
5
1
2
12
9

 1986
Fourth place
4th of 24
7
2
2*
3
12
15
Squad
2nd of 4, playoff win
8
4
2
2
9
5

 1990
Round of 16
11th of 24
4
2
0
2
6
4
Squad
1st of 5
8
4
4
0
15
5

 1994
11th of 24
4
2
0
2
4
4
Squad
2nd of 6
10
7
1
2
16
5

 1998
Group stage
19th of 32
3
0
3
0
3
3
Squad
2nd of 5, playoff win
10
7
1
2
23
13

  2002
Round of 16
14th of 32
4
1
2
1
6
7
Squad
2nd of 5, playoff win
10
7
2
1
27
6

 2006
Did not qualify
4th of 6
10
3
3
4
16
11

 2010
4th of 6
10
3
1
6
13
20

 2014
Quarter-finals
6th of 32
5
4
0
1
6
3
Squad
1st of 6
10
8
2
0
18
4

 2018
Qualified
1st of 6
10
9
1
0
43
6

 2022
To be determined

Total
Best: fourth place
13/21
41
14
9
18
52
66
—
Total
133
77
25
31
277
141

     Champions       Runners-up       Third place       Fourth place

* Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks.

text: UEFA European Championship[edit]

text: With four successful qualification campaigns out of thirteen, Belgium's performance in the European Championship does not compare to their World Cup record. Belgium has hosted or co-hosted the event twice; they were chosen to accommodate the 1972 European Football Championship from three candidates,[L] and hosted UEFA Euro 2000 with the Netherlands.[53]

text: At Euro 1972, Belgium finished third after losing 1–2 against West Germany and beating Hungary 2–1.[38] The team's best continental result is their second place at Euro 1980 in Italy. By finishing as group winners, Belgium reached the final, to face West Germany. The West German Horst Hrubesch scored first, but René Vandereycken equalised courtesy of a penalty. Two minutes before the regular playing time ended, Hrubesch scored again denying Belgium a first European title.[43]

text: At Euro 1984, in their last and decisive group match against Denmark, the Belgian team took a 0–2 lead, but the Danes won the match 3–2.[52] Sixteen years later, Belgium automatically reappeared at UEFA's national team tournament as co-hosts. After winning the Euro 2000 opener against Sweden 2–1,[216] two 2–0 losses against eventual runners-up Italy and Turkey eliminated the Belgians from the tournament by the end of the group stage.[53]

text: In spite of winning with broad margins against the Republic of Ireland (3–0) and Hungary (0–4) at Euro 2016,[217][218] Belgium's second very talented generation disappointed with a quarter-final exit. As during the tournament's qualifiers, Wales got the better of Belgium, with a 3–1 win.[77]

text:
Belgium's UEFA European Championship record

Qualification record

Host nation(s)
and year
Round
Pos
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
Squad
Outcome
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA

 1960
Did not enter
Did not enter

 1964
Did not qualify
Preliminary loss
2
0
0
2
2
4

 1968
2nd of 4
6
3
1
2
14
9

 1972
Third place
3rd of 4
2
1
0
1
3
3
Squad
Quarter-finals win
8
5
2
1
13
4

 1976
Did not qualify
1st of 4, playoff loss
8
3
2
3
7
10

 1980
Runners-up
2nd of 8
4
1
2
1
4
4
Squad
1st of 5
8
4
4
0
12
5

 1984
Group stage
6th of 8
3
1
0
2
4
8
Squad
1st of 4
6
4
1
1
12
8

 1988
Did not qualify
3rd of 5
8
3
3
2
16
8

 1992
3rd of 4
6
2
1
3
7
6

 1996
3rd of 6
10
4
3
3
17
13

  2000
Group stage
12th of 16
3
1
0
2
2
5
Squad
Qualified as hosts

 2004
Did not qualify
3rd of 5
8
5
1
2
11
9

  2008
5th of 8
14
5
3
6
14
16

  2012
3rd of 6
10
4
3
3
21
15

 2016
Quarter-finals
7th of 24
5
3
0
2
9
5
Squad
1st of 6
10
7
2
1
24
5

 2020
To be determined

Total
Best: runners-up
5/15
17
7
2
8
22
25
—
Total
104
49
26
29
170
112

     Champions       Runners-up       Third place/semi-finalists

text: Summer Olympic Games[edit]

text: Football tournaments for senior men's national teams took place in six Summer Olympics between 1908 and 1936. The Belgian squad participated in all three Olympic football tournaments in the 1920s and kept the gold medal at home at the 1920 edition.[26][219] Apart from the proper national team, two other Belgian delegations appeared at the Olympics. At the 1900 Summer Olympics, a Belgian representation with mainly students won bronze,[220] and at the 2008 edition, Belgium's U-23 selection placed fourth.[62]

text: Belgium's 1920 Olympic squad was given a bye into the quarter-finals, where they won 3–1 against Spain, and reached the semi-finals, where they beat the Netherlands 3–0. In the first half of their final against Czechoslovakia, the Belgians led 2–0.[219] Forward Robert Coppée converted a disputed early penalty, and the action in which attacker Henri Larnoe doubled the score was also a matter of debate.[28][178] After the dismissal of the Czechoslovak left-back Karel Steiner, the discontented visitors left the pitch in the 40th minute. Afterwards, the away team reported their reasons for protest to the Olympic organisation;[28] these complaints were dismissed and the Czechoslovaks were disqualified.[29] The 2–0 score was allowed to stand and Belgium were crowned the champions.[29]

text:
[show]Belgium's Summer Olympic Games record

Host nation,
city and year
Round
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
Squad

 Athens 1896
No association football competition took place.

 Paris 1900
Tournaments played between clubs

 St. Louis 1904

 London 1908
Did not enter

 Stockholm 1912
Withdrew before the tournament[221]

 Antwerp 1920
Winners
3
3
0
0
8
1
Squad

 Paris 1924
Round 2
1
0
0
1
1
8
Squad

 Amsterdam 1928
Quarter-finals
3
1
0
2
9
12
Squad

 Los Angeles 1932
No association football competition took place.

 Berlin 1936
Did not enter

 London 1948 until
 Rio de Janeiro 2016

From the 1948 till 1988 Olympic Games, amateur selections played.
Since 1992, football at the Olympics is an under-23 tournament.

Total
3/6, 1 title
7
4
0
3
18
21
—

     Gold       Silver       Bronze

Editions in italics indicate that no actual national football teams competed.

text: Records and fixtures[edit]

text: As of 3 September 2017[update], the complete official match record of the Belgian national team comprises 753 games: 312 wins, 162 draws and 279 losses.[I][26] During these games, the team scored 1,297 times and conceded 1,232 goals. Belgium's highest winning margin is nine goals, which has been achieved on three occasions: against Zambia in 1994 (9–0), against San Marino in 2001 (10–1) and against Gibraltar in 2017 (9–0).[26] Their longest winning streak is seven wins in two periods, and their unbeaten record is fourteen consecutive official games.[I][26]

text: The entire match record can be examined on the following articles:

text:
Results in chronological order lists all individual games.
Record per opponent shows the head-to-head record against other footballing nations.
Statistics per manager compiles an overview per managerial period.

text: Upcoming fixtures are listed on the 2010s results page; these include the qualification matches for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

text: Player records[edit]

text: As of 7 October 2017[update], the RBFA lists 683 players who appeared on the men's senior national team.[M][57] With 98 official caps, Jan Vertonghen is the most appearance for Belgium.[B][177] Jan Ceulemans started the most games as captain (48).[222] Hector Goetinck had the longest career as an international footballer: 17 years, 6 months and 10 days.[57]

text: Romelu Lukaku is the highest-scoring Belgium player with 31 goals.[B][177] Those who scored the most goals in one match are Robert De Veen, Bert De Cleyn and Josip Weber (5);[57] De Veen also holds the record for the most hat-tricks with three.[57] Belgium's fastest goal after the initial kick-off was scored by Christian Benteke, 8.1 seconds into the match against Gibraltar on 10 October 2016.[222][223]


document_title: House of Cards (season 5)

question_text: when did season 5 of house of cards film

root

text: House of Cards (season 5)

text: Production[edit]

text: Casting began for the season on June 17, 2016.[1] Filming had begun by July 20, 2016,[2] and finished by February 14, 2017.[3]

tag: p

text: On January 28, 2016, Netflix renewed House of Cards for a fifth season. It was also announced that series creator Beau Willimon would step down as showrunner following the fourth season.[4] It was announced in February 2016 that Melissa James Gibson and Frank Pugliese, who both joined the show in the third season, would serve as co-showrunners for the fifth season,[5] which was released on May 30, 2017.[6] In October 2016, it was announced that Patricia Clarkson and Campbell Scott had been cast for the fifth season.[7] The first trailer for the season was released on May 1, 2017.[8]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Kevin Spacey as Francis "Frank" J. Underwood, the President of the United States[9]
Robin Wright as Claire Underwood, First Lady of the United States, former United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Democratic Vice Presidential Nominee, Vice President of the United States and the President of the United States[9]
Michael Kelly as Douglas "Doug" Stamper, the White House Chief of Staff[9]
Campbell Scott as Mark Usher,[10] top-level Republican campaign adviser and strategist
Patricia Clarkson as Jane Davis,[10] Deputy Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade
Paul Sparks as Thomas Yates,[9] speechwriter and Claire Underwood's lover
Derek Cecil as Seth Grayson,[11] the White House Press Secretary
Neve Campbell as LeAnn Harvey,[9] a Texas-based political consultant, the Underwood campaign manager
Joel Kinnaman as Will Conway, the Republican nominee for president and Governor of New York[9]
Dominique McElligott as Hannah Conway,[9] wife of New York Governor and Republican presidential nominee Will Conway
Boris McGiver as Tom Hammerschmidt, an editor at The Washington Herald and Lucas Goodwin's former boss
Korey Jackson as Sean Jeffries, a young reporter at The Washington Herald working under Hammerschmidt
Jayne Atkinson as Catherine Durant, Secretary of State[11]
Colm Feore as General Ted Brockhart, Republican Vice-Presidential Nominee
Damian Young as Aidan Macallan, a data scientist and NSA contractor who is friends with LeAnn Harvey
James Martinez as Alex Romero, a Democratic congressman from Arizona
Michel Gill as Garrett Walker, the former President of the United States and Frank's predecessor
Gerald McRaney as Raymond Tusk, former associate of President Walker's and Frank's adversary
Larry Pine as Bob Birch, the House Minority Leader and a Democratic U.S. Representative from Michigan
Curtiss Cook as Terry Womack, the House Minority Whip
Lars Mikkelsen as Viktor Petrov, the President of the Russian Federation
Wendy Moniz as Laura Moretti, widow of a liver transplant candidate
Reed Birney as Donald Blythe, the Vice President of the United States
Malcolm Madera as Eric Rawlings, a Civil War reenactor and personal trainer
Kate Lyn Sheil as Lisa Williams, a girlfriend of Rachel Posner's before Rachel's death
Jeremy Holm as Agent Nathan Green, the Deputy Director of the FBI
Kim Dickens as Kate Baldwin, a journalist and former White House Correspondent for the Wall Street Telegraph
Dan Ziskie as Jim Matthews, former Vice President of the United States and Governor of Pennsylvania.

tag: ul

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

53
1
"Chapter 53"
Daniel Minahan
Frank Pugliese
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-501

Chaos erupts when Frank steals the floor of the House and demands that Congress formally declare war on ICO. When the Speaker insists that Frank yield the floor, he insists that he "will not yield." Later, Frank and Claire attend Jim Miller's funeral, which is also attended by Will Conway and his wife. During the service, Jim's daughter Melissa blames Frank for the death of her father, before whispering something in his ear. Claire appears on Charlie Rose to debate Hammerschmidt, who claims that Frank's war on ICO is a diversion. Meanwhile, Conway goes into damage control when his wife claims that the mother of Josh Masterson is a victim, too. Claire speaks with Ms. Masterson and asks that she tell her son to surrender. The manhunt for Masterson heats up as the FBI closes in on a location on the Virginia border. However, Frank has been holding Masterson captive in an unknown location and has him summarily executed, informing the press that he "wishes" Masterson had been taken alive. Frank calls to speak with the Millers, but Jim's widow hangs up on him. Afterwards, Frank and Claire greet people outside the White House, telling them they have nothing to be afraid of.

54
2
"Chapter 54"
Daniel Minahan
Melissa James Gibson
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-502

At an event in New York City, Claire is informed that one of Frank's old friends has gone missing and is presumed dead. Meanwhile, Frank hosts a luncheon of the nation's governors, seeking to gain the support of the governors from five critical swing states. Catherine Durant states her opposition to Frank's "war" on terror, while Donald Blythe believes it has helped his poll numbers. Meanwhile, Aidan Macallan attempts to hack into a telecom switching center and delete everything that may implicate him and the Underwoods. As Aidan nervously awaits the file deletion, electronic devices around the Washington, D.C. area are affected in what Frank claims is an ICO cyber attack. He uses the incident to pressure Congress to accept his declaration of war. Meanwhile, Conway takes his kids trick-or-treating, but as the military mobilizes in response to the cyber attack, he has an outburst on live TV which Frank and Claire drink to.

55
3
"Chapter 55"
Alik Sakharov
John Mankiewicz
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-503

The day before the 2016 election, Conway holds a 24-hour live-stream call-in with voters and is asked a question by someone who knows about his time in the military; Hannah insists that Will is too humble to discuss the topic. While Claire and Frank campaign together in Pennsylvania, Doug confronts Governor Matthews for not following through with establishing voting centers or bringing in the National Guard. Back in D.C., Cathy alerts Frank to a Syrian national with strong ICO connections named Mohammad Kalabi. With Conway getting all the publicity, Frank calls into the 24-hour live stream and tells Conway that he can ask him any question he wants. Will responds by asking why he was never given a chance to complete the mission and save Mr. Miller after successfully negotiating the release of Miller's wife and daughter. Frank says the terrorists could tell Conway was weak, meaning Frank had to step in and take control. Frank's last-minute call grabs the morning headlines. However, the Underwoods are given worrying news: voter turnout is unsettlingly low across the country. Frank, however, insists that they are not going anywhere.

56
4
"Chapter 56"
Alik Sakharov
Kenneth Lin
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-504

On Election Day, voter turnout for Frank and Claire is low, and the polls are working in Conway's favor, yet he remains cautious. Frank calls the governor of Tennessee and tells him that the home of a suspected terrorist has been raided and a plot to bomb the state's polling stations has been uncovered, urging him to shut them down. A riot caused by a bomb-sniffing dog occurs at one Tennessee polling station and injures several people. Frank is able to convince the governor to halt voting and declare a state of emergency. A curfew is enacted, much to Conway's dismay. Amid terrorist threats, the governor of Ohio calls Frank and says he is considering closing down polling stations, while Frank adamantly tells him not to, pretending that he doesn’t want that to happen. After Conway wins the state of Pennsylvania, Frank calls him to concede the election, but slyly says to the camera audience, "What, do you think I learned nothing from Al Gore?" In the wake of the call, Conway, his wife Hannah, and some of his advisers are elated, but his campaign manager Mark Usher remains skeptical. Several hours pass and Frank has yet to publicly announce his concession, frustrating Conway. At that moment, the governor of Ohio makes a national TV broadcast to announce he felt he had no choice to close the Ohio polls due to the potential terror threat and that the results are not certifiable as a result. Several more states hold their election results as well, thereby leaving the election contested. In the Oval Office, Frank and Claire discuss remaining in power for decades to come.

57
5
"Chapter 57"
Michael Morris
Laura Eason
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-505

Nine weeks have passed since the unresolved election, which will now be decided by a contingent election in the House. A frustrated Conway believes he was fairly elected, and begins to show signs of a potential breakdown. Despite Frank's approval rating falling to 19%, Claire says they are done winning the American people and must now win over Congress. Hammerschmidt meets with Lisa Williams to discuss information regarding Doug, but he is hesitant to believe her. Frank talks to convince Alex Romero, a Democratic congressman, to sway other House Democrats to vote for him. Aidan, who had previously gone missing, calls LeAnn to tell her that he will leak incriminating information on the Underwoods if she doesn't get the authorities off his back. While LeAnn is able to flip a vote from Maine, Doug fails to win New Hampshire. On the day of the vote, Claire asks Donald to prevent a filibuster and keep Republicans off the floor. When he refuses, Claire begins insulting him and his late wife. Neither Conway nor Frank receive the 26 votes in the House needed to win, meaning that the Senate's vice presidential selection between Claire and General Ted Brockhart will assume the duties of the Presidency until the House votes again. Claire, alone in the White House residence, walks toward the camera and briefly looks directly at the camera audience as the episode ends.

58
6
"Chapter 58"
Michael Morris
Bill Kennedy
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-506

Claire becomes Acting President of the United States until the House votes again. Frank congratulates her on the position, even if it's just for a few weeks. Durant informs the Underwoods that a research facility in Antarctica has been taken over by an unidentified military group, suspecting the Russians. Meanwhile, it appears that Aidan has been kidnapped and may be forced to reveal secrets. Conway's campaign manager Mark Usher is able to secure a meeting for Conway with the Congressional Black Caucus, in the hopes they will consider supporting him instead of Frank, but the meeting goes very poorly. On a private plane back to New York, an exasperated Conway finally cracks under the pressure and curses out Usher, threatening to leave him on the tarmac upon arrival, then berates the pilots for not allowing him to fly the plane and declares maniacally that he will be President. Sean visits Lisa then tells Hammerschmidt, who fires him after discovering that Sean looked through his notes. Hammerschmidt later investigates the death of Zoe Barnes. To avoid a mixed-ticket White House, Frank and Claire are able to convince Usher to support new elections in Ohio and Tennessee, so long as the Speaker approves. Claire, Frank, and Cathy learn it is the Russians who have kidnapped Aidan.

59
7
"Chapter 59"
Alik Sakharov
Tian Jun Gu
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-507

Claire and Frank argue over Mark Usher and are briefed in the Situation Room about the potential location of Ahmed Al Ahmadi, the leader of ICO. The generals believe Ahmed is in Damascus, but they’re divided on how to approach the situation. Hammerschmidt continues his investigation into Rachel Posner and her possible connection to Doug. Claire holds a meeting with Cathy and Jane Davis, but the three are moved to a bunker underground when a truck carrying radioactive material is missing. Doug calls LeAnn and Seth from the bunker, telling them to keep calm. Frank and Claire question Jane's security clearance. Doug informs Frank of a hot-mic recording where Brockhart says he’d actively tell his troops to disobey orders if Frank put them on the borders of Syria. Frank leaves the bunker and accuses Brockhart of orchestrating a fake terrorist threat in order to make them evacuate D.C. and effectively stage a coup d'etat to sabotage his election; after Brockhart names the general behind the plot, the truck is "found." The general is forced to resign, but not before telling Claire that neither she nor her husband deserve to be in the White House. The next day, the Underwoods accuse Usher of being involved in the incident, playing the Brockhart audio tape. When Usher insists he stop, Frank says "it gets so much better".

60
8
"Chapter 60"
Roxann Dawson
John Mankiewicz
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-508

Frank attends an elite weekend retreat to firm up support for the upcoming elections in Ohio and Tennessee. Among the attendees are Usher, Brockhart, Raymond Tusk, and Benjamin Grant, the head of Pollyhop. Claire is awakened in the middle of the night and hurried into the Situation Room, informed that a Russian research vessel carrying 100 people is sinking in the Antarctic. The next morning, Frank and Brockhart chat about the Al Ahmadi situation. After negotiating trade deals with China, Jane reveals to Claire that they are willing to aid the rescue, as there’s an American aboard the Russian ship. Claire asks for proof of the American's presence before moving forward. In the woods, Frank contacts Doug and tells him that Brockhart is making a deal with Tusk, and orders Doug to stop it. Frank remembers something that Tusk mentioned ("A little restraint would be unexpected") and tells Doug not to act on it. Claire plays hard ball with China on the rescue operation and a trade deal. Though China is hesitant at first, the rescue mission goes through and China gets credit, but the lost American is not found. On his way out, Grant gives Frank a recording of Conway's tirade on the plane. The next day, Frank and Claire meet with Usher in the Oval Office and inform him of the recording. With that leverage, the Underwoods are able to recruit Usher, who advises them how to release the recording.

61
9
"Chapter 61"
Roxann Dawson
Bill Kennedy
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-509

After winning the Ohio election, Frank becomes President-elect of the United States. Frank offers Conway a menial position when he calls to concede, prompting Conway to curse him. Frank and Claire celebrate with champagne in the Oval Office. Doug believes it is unwise to allow LeAnn and Usher into the administration; Frank agrees that LeAnn's connection to Aidan is worrisome, but Usher should stay. Meanwhile, LeAnn has lunch with Kate Baldwin, revealing she is being kicked out because Aidan stole NSA files and might leak classified material in Russia. Tom informs Claire that he is finished being her speechwriter. Romero threatens the Underwoods, saying he will convince Congress to reopen the Declaration of War Committee to investigate them. He demands two seats on the dais at Frank's inauguration and a line in the inaugural address about Medicare. Frank is sworn in, but his address does not address Romero or his concerns. Aidan unwillingly agrees to do an interview in Russia with Kate. However, he calls LeAnn, who tells him policemen have come to arrest him. During the inaugural ball, Frank and Eric Rawlings, the civil war re-enactor and personal trainer, share a darkly intimate moment. In the halls of the West Wing, Frank tells Claire that Congress is reopening its investigation into Frank. As the party breaks up, Frank blackmails Tom and tells him not to cheat on Claire again. Meanwhile, Hammerschmidt contacts Zoe's father, who reluctantly meets with him and says he had no idea that Zoe was in trouble. LeAnn, under the impression that giving up Aidan would save her job, is shocked when Doug fires her. In the Oval Office, Claire and Frank meet with Jane. Frank says he wants Aidan back on American soil.

62
10
"Chapter 62"
Agnieszka Holland
Kenneth Lin
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-510

As Frank discovers Jackie Sharp will be testifying before the Declaration of War Committee, Claire is informed that the American from the Antarctic expedition froze to death. Claire wants the body to get lost in transit. With Romero heading the committee, Frank tries to get in his good graces again by offering him the position of party whip. Romero, however, is not looking to negotiate. Jackie pleads the Fifth during her testimony. LeAnn becomes concerned about Aidan, who isn't willing to reveal what he told the Russians. Jane makes it clear that what is important is learning what Aidan divulged. She also informs the Underwoods that a gas attack is imminent in Homs, Syria, advising that they send in 30,000 troops after the attack and divert the committee's attention. When Frank and Claire tell Durant, she begins questioning the operation and later voices her protest to Jane. Doug confronts a frightened Lisa, who then calls Hammerschmidt and tells him about the encounter. LeAnn is confronted in a parking garage by Aidan, who is alive. The two share a close moment before he leaves. Frank is informed that Garrett Walker will be testifying. Though he is expected to plead the Fifth, tension arises when he and Frank meet before the hearing. Walker breaks his silence, revealing that it was Frank who got him involved in the Chinese money dealings. That night, LeAnn is given a voice recording revealing that Aidan has been murdered in his hotel room. Meanwhile, Jane shreds files regarding the dead Antarctic worker and Aidan.

63
11
"Chapter 63"
Agnieszka Holland
Laura Eason
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-511

On MSNBC, Seth and Hammerschmidt debate Walker's credibility in the wake of his testimony. Frank, Claire, Doug, and Usher discuss impeachment and the idea of censure, which Frank and Doug oppose. The next day, Hammerschmidt discovers leaked information that the White House staged the terrorist threat on Election Day. Seth panics in his office, while Frank discusses spying on all White House personnel to identify the leaker. While alone one night in the White House residence, Claire truly breaks the fourth wall for the first time in the series, and speaks directly to the camera audience, telling them that she has always known they have been there, but she is suspicious of them and their intentions, and that she is "ambivalent about attention." The FBI tells LeAnn that Aidan's death looked like a suicide, but the gun is missing. Meanwhile, Claire tells Tom she wants him to leave. Frank is confronted by Bob Birch and Terry Womack, who want Frank to consider resignation. Frank is speechless, partially because Womack himself is under investigation. Doug spies on West Wing staffers and is intrigued when LeAnn receives something unknown from Aidan. After confessing to Laura Moretti that he is the reason her husband died, Doug goes to LeAnn's apartment and the two have sex. An article drops the next day reporting that a source within the White House confirmed that Frank used questionable intelligence to close polling stations during the election. Frank confronts Cathy about this; she is cooperating with Romero. Frank later states that he believes Cathy is the leak, and that he has held on to her resignation. News breaks that Cathy will testify before the committee. An unknown source gives Hammerschimdt a "birthday card" containing a USB flash drive.

64
12
"Chapter 64"
Robin Wright
Frank Pugliese & Melissa James Gibson
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-512

In the Executive Residence, Frank tries to dissuade Cathy Durant from testifying before the committee, but she adamantly refuses his request. On her way out, Frank then pushes her down a flight of stairs, knocking her unconscious, and calls for help, claiming she's fallen. Cathy is hospitalized and thus prevented from testifying. Frank holds a press conference in the Oval Office regarding the Syrian gas bombings. However, reporters ask him about the growing possibility of impeachment. Frank is informed that Hammerschmidt is investigating Zoe's death and believes that it was not an accident. Needing to focus attention away from them, Frank and Claire agree that someone must take the fall for this alleged investigation. The next night, Claire and Frank hold a dinner for Doug, where they try to convince him to take the blame for Zoe's murder. Though initially off-put, Doug goes to LeAnn and "confesses" to the murder, though she doesn't believe him. It is revealed that Doug is in possession of birthday cards similar to those sent to Hammerschmidt. Claire discovers that Tom has been continuing his manuscript, which includes her confessions about the deaths of Zoe and Peter Russo. She goes to visit Tom to convince him not to publish his recent work, but he refuses and threatens to blackmail her. Claire and Tom have sex, but he suddenly dies from poison Claire had put in his whiskey. Mark then comes home the next morning and discovers his body, whereupon he is forced to quietly "dispose" of it. LeAnn and Nathan Green give their testimony. Frank, watching, debates whether he should testify as well. While he is urged not to, Frank goes to the committee, and while he claims to have done nothing wrong, he accuses the committee of trying to sabotage his presidency and that he respects the office too much to allow the investigation to go on. As a result, he announces he will resign the following day.

65
13
"Chapter 65"
Robin Wright
Melissa James Gibson & Frank Pugliese
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
HOC-513

Claire protests Frank's resignation, but he concludes it's the best outcome for everyone. Frank reveals that he has been planning this since the weekend retreat before the Ohio and Tennessee elections, where he concluded that the real power is not in who occupies the White House, but who “owns” it. He reveals he is behind the leaks to Hammerschmidt. Claire then confesses to him that she has killed Tom Yates and that there is no way it will lead back to them. After Frank resigns, Claire is sworn in and assumes the presidency, whereupon she leads an operation to track down Yusef Al-Ahmadhi, the elusive ICO terrorist plaguing the U.S. Doug gets interviewed by Hammerschmidt, who is continuing his investigation into Zoe's death. LeAnn is appointed as Claire’s Chief of Staff with the agreement that she turn over everything she knew about Aidan to Jane. However, shortly after she does so, Claire, Davis and Usher claim that the impending war means a more experienced Chief of Staff is needed, and LeAnn is presumably fired or forced to resign. That night, on her way to meet with Doug, LeAnn’s car is run off the road and she is presumed dead. Seth is also replaced at Claire's behest. Frank asks for a public pardon from Claire for both him and Doug. She agrees to do so in her upcoming TV broadcast, but tells Frank that for their secret arrangement to work, he has to leave the White House and make it appear that they are estranged. Frank reluctantly does so. That night, Claire gives her first televised address as the new President, informing the nation that they have killed Ahmadhi and that the U.S. is going to war with ICO. However, she gives no mention of a pardon to Frank or Doug, despite having agreed to do so. Frank, who has been watching the broadcast from his hotel room, angrily calls her to presumably demand an explanation, but Claire rejects the call, and stares towards the camera audience and coldly declares: "My turn."

tag: table

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 71% based on 31 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The consensus reads, "House of Cards enjoys a confident return to form this season, though its outlandish edge is tempered slightly by the current political climate."[12] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 60 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[13]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: House of Cards received four major nominations for the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series, Kevin Spacey for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series, Robin Wright for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, and Michael Kelly for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.[14]


document_title: Casper the Friendly Ghost

question_text: when did casper the friendly ghost come out

text: Casper the Friendly Ghost

text: History[edit]

text: Creation and success at Paramount[edit]

text: Casper was created in the late 1930s by Seymour Reit and Joe Oriolo, the former devising the idea for the character and the latter providing illustrations.[4] Intended initially as the basis for a 1939 children's storybook, there was at first little interest in their idea. When Reit was away on military service during the Second World War before the book was released, Oriolo sold the rights to the book to Paramount Pictures' Famous Studios animation division.

text: The Friendly Ghost, the first Noveltoon to feature Casper, was released by Paramount in 1945 with a few differences from the book. In the cartoon adaptation, Casper is a cute ghost-child with a New York accent, who inhabits a haunted house along with a community of adult ghosts who delight in scaring the living. Casper, however, is a noncomformist among ghosts: he would prefer to make friends with people. He packs up his belongings and goes out into the world, hoping to find friends. However, the animals that he meets (a rooster, a mole, a cat, a mouse named Herman, and a group of hens) take one horrified look at him and run off in the other direction. Distraught, Casper unsuccessfully attempts to commit suicide (apparently forgetting that he is already dead) by lying down on a railway track before an oncoming train, before he meets two children named Bonnie and Johnny who become his friends. The children's mother—apparently widowed and impoverished—at first is frightened of Casper, but later welcomes him into the family after he (unintentionally) frightens off a greedy landlord, who, unwilling to own a "haunted" house, tears up the mortgage and gives her the house outright. The short ends with the mother kissing Bonnie, Johnny, and Casper as she sends them off to school, with Casper wearing clothing as if he were a living child.

text: Casper appeared in two more subsequent cartoons by Seymour Reit and Joe Oriolo, There's Good Boos To-Night and A Haunting We Will Go. There's Good Boos To-Night differs wildly from later Casper cartoons: although the theme of Casper trying to find a friend and failing in these attempts before succeeding also occurs in later cartoons, the tone of this short turns remarkably dark when a hunter and his dogs appear, chasing the little fox cub named Ferdie that Casper has befriended. Although Casper scares the hunter and dogs away, Casper discovers Ferdie dead after a harrowing chase scene. Happily, however, Ferdie returns as a ghost to join his friend Casper in the afterlife.

text: These were later adapted into Noveltoons before Paramount started a Casper the Friendly Ghost series in 1950, and ran the theatrical releases until the summer of 1959. Nearly every entry in the series was the same: Casper (now slightly thinner than the pudgy figure that appeared in the earlier cartoons) escapes from the afterlife of a regular ghost because he finds that scaring people can be tiresome year after year, tries to find friends but inadvertently scares almost everyone, and finally finds a (cute little) friend, whom he saves from some sort of fate, leading to his acceptance by those initially scared of him. In 1955, composer Winston Sharples composed an instrumental theme for Casper's cartoons.

text: Harvey Comics, television, and films[edit]

text: Casper went on to become one of the most famous properties from Famous Studios. Casper was first published in comics form in 1949 by St. John Publications; Alfred Harvey, founder and publisher of Harvey Comics began producing Casper comic books in 1952, and in 1959, Harvey purchased the rights to the character outright.

text: After Harvey bought the rights to Casper and many other Famous properties in 1959 (including Herman and Katnip, Little Audrey, and Baby Huey), they began broadcasting the post-September 1950 theatrical Famous shorts on a television show sponsored by Mattel Toys titled Matty's Funday Funnies on ABC in 1959 which introduced the Barbie doll to the public. The other Famous produced Casper cartoons had already been acquired by television distributor U.M. & M. TV Corporation in 1956. U.M. & M. retitled just "A Haunting We Will Go", but credited "Featuring Casper The Friendly Ghost" as "Featuring Casper's Friendly Ghost".

text: New cartoons were created for The New Casper Cartoon Show in 1963, also on ABC. The original Casper cartoons were syndicated under the title Harveytoons (initially repackaged as Casper and Company) in 1962 and ran continually until the mid-90s. Casper has remained popular in reruns and merchandising, and Hanna-Barbera produced two holiday specials, Casper's First Christmas (which also starred Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, Quick Draw McGraw, Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy) and Casper's Halloween Special (aka Casper Saves Halloween), and also the Saturday morning cartoon series Casper and the Angels (an animated takeoff on two live action hit shows Charlie's Angels and "CHiPS") in the autumn of 1979, all on NBC. Also featured on the NBC version was a big ghost named Hairy Scary (voiced by John Stephenson). None of Casper's original co-stars appeared in the show.

text: The Famous Studios version of Casper was scheduled to appear as a cameo in the deleted scene "Acme's Funeral" from the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. [5]

text: Numerous Casper cartoons were released on home video by Universal Studios (via MCA Inc.), which also adapted the friendly ghost into a live-action feature film titled Casper in 1995, where he and his wicked uncles, the Ghostly Trio, were rendered via computer animation, which initially created the first CGI lead character in a film. The film constructed a back-story for the character and is the only time in the series that the question of his death has been addressed. According to the film, Casper was a twelve-year-old boy living in Whipstaff Manor with his inventor father J.T. McFadden until he died from pneumonia after playing out in the cold until it was past nightfall.

text: In 1996, Amblin Entertainment and Universal Cartoon Studios created a new Casper series for Fox Kids, based on the 1995 feature, that lasted two years and was never seen on television again after 1998. Two live-action direct-to-video follow-ups to the film, Casper: A Spirited Beginning and Casper Meets Wendy (which introduced Hilary Duff as fellow Harvey Comics character Wendy the Good Little Witch), were made. They were followed by Casper's Haunted Christmas (starring Spooky and Poil from the comics and animated spin-off of the first movie), and Casper's Scare School, which were done entirely in CGI with no live-action elements. These films are often referred to as being "prequels" to the 1995 feature[citation needed] despite the fact that they heartily contradict the feature and do not appear to even take place in the same universe.

text: In 2001, Harvey Entertainment was acquired by Classic Media which, until 2012, licensed the Harvey properties including Casper.[6]

text: In 2007, MoonScoop Group, in association with Classic Media, TF1 et DQ, produced a TV show of 52 X 12 named Casper's Scare School.

text: In 2009, a new Casper comic was published, called Casper and the Spectrals by Arden Entertainment. Much like The Man of Steel and Batman: Year One did with their respective characters, it revamped Casper and several other Harvey characters for a new audience. After selling 6,400 copies of the first comic, the last two issues were published in 2010.

text: Casper made a cameo in a MetLife commercial in 2012. Later that same year, Classic Media was acquired by DreamWorks Animation, which in turn would be acquired by NBCUniversal in 2016, and thus Universal Studios, the producer of the original live-action feature film, now manages the rights to the character and other related characters in addition to regaining the rights to Casper's Haunted Christmas (which Universal itself originally released in late 2000).

text: Actors who have voiced or portrayed Casper[edit]

text:
Radio actress Cecil Roy voiced Casper in the majority of the Famous Studios cartoons along with Mae Questel.
Alan Shay voiced Casper in "there's Good Boos to-night" in 1948 and in the 1949 "A Haunting we will go"
Norma MacMillan provided the voice in The New Casper Cartoon Show
Julie McWhirter provided the voiced in Casper and the Angels
Malachi Pearson voiced the character in the 1995 movie Casper and The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper
Jeremy Foley voiced the character in Casper: A Spirited Beginning and Casper Meets Wendy
Brendon Ryan Barrett provided the voice in Casper's Haunted Christmas
Devon Werkheiser voiced Casper in Casper's Scare School.
Devon Sawa is the only actor to ever have played the character in live-action, portraying him in a sequence from the 1995 film in which Casper was temporarily brought back to life.

text: The cartoons and movies of "Casper, the Friendy Ghost" have also been dubbed in other languages including Spanish by other voice actors, and the name "Casper" has been translated as Gasparín.

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Ghostly Trio (sometimes)
Wendy the Good Little Witch
The Witch Sisters (Wendy's aunties): Thelma, Velma, Zelma (sometimes)[7]
Archibald the Talking Wishing Well
Hot Stuff the Little Devil
Nightmare the Ghost Horse
Spooky the Tuff Little Ghost
Poil, Spooky's girlfriend
Gned Gnome
Gnewton Gnome[8]
Gnorman Gnome[9]
Sohini
Arruda
Richie Rich (occasionally)[10]
Little Audrey
Hairy Scarey (Casper and the Angels)
Kat Harvey (Casper, 1996 animated series)
Dr. James Harvey (Casper, 1996 animated series)
Amelia Harvey (Casper)
Chris Carson (Casper: A Spirited Beginning)
Tim Carson (Casper: A Spirited Beginning)
Sheila Fistergraff (Casper: A Spirited Beginning)
Holly Jollimore (Casper's Haunted Christmas)
Ra (Casper's Scare School)
Mantha (Casper's Scare School)
Jimmy Bradly (Casper's Scare School)
Professor Phinieas Field (Casper and the Spectrals)
Eloise "Ellie" Essex (Casper and the Spectrals)

text: Enemies[edit]

text:
Kibosh (Casper: A Spirited Beginning, Casper's Haunted Christmas and Casper's Scare School)
Snivel (Casper: A Spirited Beginning and Casper's Haunted Christmas)
The Wizard (Casper: Spirit Dimensions)
Four Dragons (Casper: Spirit Dimensions)
Krank (Casper: Spirit Dimensions)
Doctor Deranged (Casper: Spirit Dimensions)
Captain Pegleg Potbelly (Casper: Spirit Dimensions)
Ghostly Trio (sometimes)
The Witch Sisters (Wendy's aunties): Thelma, Velma, Zelma (sometimes)[11]
Carrigan and Dibs (Casper)
Desmond Spellman (Casper Meets Wendy)
Vincent and Jules (Casper Meets Wendy)
Sahil (The brother of Casper's friend Sohini)
Alder and Dash (Casper's Scare School)
Thatch (Casper's Scare School)
Volbragg (Casper and the Spectrals)

text: Comic book titles[edit]

text: This is a list of comic book titles that featured Casper as the main character (or main co-character). He also appeared in back up stories and made guest appearances in many other Harvey comic books like; Little Audrey, Paramount Animated Comics, Spooky the Tuff Little Ghost, Wendy the Good Little Witch, and Ghostly Trio.

text:
Casper
Casper Adventure Digest
Casper and...
Casper and Friends
Casper and Friends Magazine
Casper and Nightmare
Casper and Spooky
Casper and The Ghostly Trio
Casper and Spooky
Casper: A Spirited Beginning (film adaptation)
Casper Big Book
Casper Digest
Casper Digest Stories
Casper Digest Winners
Casper Enchanted Tales Digest
Casper Ghostland
Casper Giant Size
Casper Halloween Trick or Treat
Casper in Space
Casper in 3-D
Casper Magazine
Casper Movie Adaptation
Casper's Ghostland
Casper's Scare School
Casper's Spaceship
Casper Special
Casper Strange Ghost Stories
Casper, the Friendly Ghost
Casper TV Showtime
Famous TV Funday Funnies
The Friendly Ghost, Casper
Harvey Two-Pack
Nightmare and Casper
Richie Rich and Casper
Richie Rich, Casper, and Wendy
TV Casper and Company
Casper and the Spectrals
Casper The Friendly Ghost (American Mythology Productions)

text: Home media[edit]

text: In 2011, Shout! Factory released a DVD set titled Casper The Friendly Ghost: The Complete Collection 1945-1963 which contains The Friendly Ghost, There's Good Boos To-Night, A Haunting We Will Go, 55 theatrical cartoons, and all 26 episodes of The New Casper Cartoon Show.

text: PC and Video games[edit]

text: Casper[edit]

text: Several video games were based on the 1995 film for PC, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, Sega Saturn, 3DO, PlayStation, and Game Boy Color. In subsequent years Windows 95 and Game Boy Advance games were released serving as sequels to the film.

text: Casper: A Spirited Beginning Activity Center[edit]

text: Developed by Sound Source Interactive, published by WayForward Technologies and released in 1998 for PC it is based on the film of the same name and is similar in format to Disney's Activity Center. Set at Ghost Central Station the player earns Casper coins by completing Casper's Spinning Squares, Strech's Memory Game, Fatso's Kitchen, Stinkie's Goo Toss and Snivel's Mix & Match. The player must collect at least 15 Casper coins from these five games to unlock Kibosh's Magic Puzzle.

text: Casper: Friends Around the World[edit]

text: Developed by Realtime Associates, published by TDK Mediactive and released in 2000 on PlayStation. It is a mostly 2D platform game with occasional forward and backward movements. The evil Kibosh has invented a device to send Casper's human friends to a place where they "would not have a ghost of a chance of being found" and has hypnotized the Ghostly Trio into doing his bidding. However Casper finds a page from a map of Hollywood giving him a clue on where to start his quest to find his friends and the three missing pieces for Kibosh's imprisoning device to get them back home safely. The game is played across ten levels set around the world with 40 friendship crystals on each level to collect in order to advance to the bonus level at the end.

text: Casper: Spirit Dimensions[edit]

text: Developed by Lucky Chicken Games and published by TDK Mediactive it was the first 3D game based on Casper. It released in 2001 for PlayStation 2 and in 2002 for Nintendo Gamecube. The evil Kibosh has taken over the Spirit World and is intent on also taking over the mortal world. Meanwhile Wendy the Good Little Witch summons Casper, the only remaining free ghost, and opens the portals to the Spirit Dimensions to help in their only chance to defeat Kibosh.

text: Casper and the Ghostly Trio[edit]

text: Developed by Data Design Interactive and Published by Blast! Entertainment it was released in 2007 on PlayStation 2. It is a 3D game in which Casper has legs and is affected by gravity though he can glide, unlike his flying ability in Spirit Dimensions. The Ghostly Trio have kidnapped Wendy the Good Little Witch in an attempt to use her magic to create a potion that would give them the power to rule Ghostland. Wendy manages to use her magic to get the message across to Casper who must find his way through six levels to rescue her. At the end of the first five levels is a bonus stage in which Casper must collect as many jewels as he can while avoiding the Trio's lightning which is chasing him.

text: Casper's Scare School[edit]

text: Developed by Data Design Interactive (DS version by Nikitova), published by Blast! Entertainment, released in 2008 and based on the TV series of the same name with separate versions for PlayStation 2 and Nintendo DS.

text: Casper's Scare School: Spooky Sports Day[edit]

text: A sequel to Casper's Scare School developed by The Code Monkeys, published by Blast! Entertainment and released for Nintendo DS and Wii in 2009. It is the annual Sports Day at Scare School and Casper and his friends have been training hard determined not to let Thatch the vampire steal all the glory for himself. The player gets to control Casper, Ra or Mantha, with more playable characters unlocked as they progress through the game. The player must win seven events: Creepy Uppies, Dragon Egg & Spoon Race, People Chase, Goal Creeper, Scare Boarding, Frog Lab and Gymnasties. After winning the Scare School sports day the player gets to play in the "fleshy" versions of each event in Deedstown.


document_title: Sohyang

question_text: asian girl sings like a bridge over troubled water

text: Sohyang

text: Biography[edit]

text: Sohyang studied French at Kyunghee University.

text: At the age of 20, when Sohyang was freshly married, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer which she survived but now she cannot bear any children.

text: Sohyang is the sister-in-law of DNCE's JinJoo Lee. They have a really close relationship which is often showcased on social media accounts like Jinjoo's Instagram profile.

text: In December 2016, she was awarded the Seoul Success Award in the Culture category.

text: Career[edit]

text: She made her debut in 1996 with the song "MR", which was released on Naver Music. Despite having a long career in South Korea, she was only able to make her international breakthrough in 2014, when she became the first Korean artist to sing the American national anthem at a NBA game.[1] Sohyang also achieved fame when she sang with Kirk Franklin.[2] Sohyang has participated many times on television music competition programs Immortal Songs 2 and I Am a Singer, winning twice on Immortal Songs 2 with songs "Lean on Me" and "Bridge Over Troubled Water".

text: In Disney's movie Moana, Sohyang voiced the protagonist in the Korean-dubbed version, for the singing parts.[3][4]

text: In the first half of 2017, Sohyang appeared on MBC's King of Mask Singer as a contestant for the show's 2nd anniversary and became the winner six consecutive times (Generation 53-58), making her the female singer with the highest number of consecutive wins ever achieved (second highest overall) before losing her crown in July 2017 and departing from the show.[5]

text: Voice[edit]

text: Sohyang's vocal type is a Lyric Soprano, specifically a Full-Lyric Soprano. Her vocal range spans from D3 to A6 (supported range from A3 to E6), a total of 3 octaves, 3 notes, and a semitone. She is known for her emotive and powerful vocals, with characteristics being a homogeneous, rounded, and bright instrument of remarkable beauty and meticulous control. This skill has been very much well showcased all throughout her career.[6][7][8][9]