document_title: Eggnog

question_text: what type of liquor is in egg nog

question_tokens: what type of liquor is in egg nog

text: Eggnog

text: Terminology[edit]

text: The Modern Bartender's Guide from 1878 lists many variant names for the drink. It distinguishes "plain egg nog", "egg milk punch", and "milk punch" from one another. It also includes variants such as "Baltimore egg nog", "General Jackson egg nog", "Imperial egg nog", two types of "sherry cobbler egg nog", as well as "sherry cobbler with egg", "mulled claret with egg", "egg sour", and "Saratoga egg lemonade" (also called "sea breeze").[6][2][3]

text: History[edit]

text: Etymology and origins[edit]

text: The origins, etymology, and the ingredients used to make original eggnog drinks are debated. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, nog was "a kind of strong beer brewed in East Anglia".[7] The first known use of the word "nog" was in 1693.[8] Alternatively, nog may stem from noggin, a Middle English term for a small, carved wooden mug used to serve alcohol.[9] However, the British drink was also called an Egg Flip, from the practice of "flipping" (rapidly pouring) the mixture between two pitchers to mix it. One dictionary lists the word "eggnog" as being an Americanism invented in 1765-75.[10]

text: Babson College professor Frederick Douglass Opie "wrote that the term is a combination of two colonial slang words — rum was referred to as grog and bartenders served it in small wooden mugs called noggins. The drink first became known as egg-n-grog and later as eggnog."[11] Ben Zimmer, executive editor for Vocabulary.com, disputes the "egg-n-grog" theory as lacking proof; Zimmer states that the term "nog" may be related to the "Scottish term nugg or nugged ale, meaning "ale warmed with a hot poker."[12]

text: The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term "egg nog" is an American term introduced in 1775, consisting of the words "egg" and "nog", with "nog" meaning "strong ale".[13] The first example of the term "eggnog" was in 1775, when Maryland clergyman and philologist Jonathan Boucher wrote a poem about the drink which was not published until 30 years after his death: "Fog-drams i' th' morn, or (better still) egg-nogg, / At night hot-suppings, and at mid-day, grogg, / My palate can regale..."[12] The first printed use of the term appeared in the New-Jersey Journal of March 26, 1788, which referred to a young man drinking a glass of eggnog.[12] An 1869 dictionary entry for "egg nog" defines it as a mixture of wine, spirits, eggs and sugar; there is no mention of dairy products.[14]

text: "While culinary historians debate its exact lineage, most agree eggnog originated from the early medieval" British drink called posset,[15] which was made with hot milk[9] that was curdled with wine or ale and flavoured with spices. In the Middle Ages, posset was used as a cold and flu remedy. Posset was popular from medieval times to the 19th century. Eggs were added to some posset recipes; according to Time magazine, by the "...13th century, monks were known to drink a posset with eggs and figs."[15] A 17th century recipe for "My Lord of Carlisle’s Sack-Posset" uses a heated mixture of cream, whole cinnamon, mace, nutmeg, eighteen egg yolks, eight egg whites, and one pint of Sack wine (a fortified white wine related to sherry). At the end, sugar, ambergris and animal musk are stirred in.[16] Posset was traditionally served in two-handled pots. The aristocracy had costly posset pots made from silver.

text: Eggnog is not the only mixed, sweetened alcohol drink associated with the winter season. Mulled wine or wassail is a drink made by Ancient Greeks and Romans with sweetened, spiced wine.[17] When the drink spread to Britain, the locals switched to the more widely available alcohol, hard cider, to make their mulled beverages.[17] During the Victorian era, Britons drank purl, "a heady mixture of gin, warm beer, sugar, bitter herbs, and spices".[17] In the Colonial era in America, the drink was transformed into an "ale-and-rum-based flip" warmed with a hot poker.[17]

text: Development[edit]

text: In Britain, the drink was originally popular among the aristocracy.[9] "Milk, eggs, and sherry were foods of the wealthy, so eggnog was often used in toasts to prosperity and good health."[15] Those who could afford milk and eggs and costly spirits mixed the eggnog with brandy, Madeira wine or sherry to make a drink similar to modern alcoholic egg nog.[9]

text: The drink crossed the Atlantic to the British colonies during the 18th century. Since brandy and wine were heavily taxed, rum from the Triangular Trade with the Caribbean was a cost-effective substitute.[9] The inexpensive liquor, coupled with plentiful farm and dairy products available to colonists, helped the drink become very popular in America.[18] When the supply of rum to the newly founded United States was reduced as a consequence of the American Revolutionary War, Americans turned to domestic whiskey, and eventually bourbon in particular, as a substitute.[9] In places in the American colonies where even bourbon was too expensive, homemade moonshine spirits were added to eggnog. Eggnog "became tied to the holidays" when it was adopted in the United States in the 1700s.[15] Eggnog "...seems to have been popular on both sides of the Atlantic" in the 18th century.[9]

text: Records show that the first US President, George Washington, "...served an eggnog-like drink to visitors" which included "...rye whiskey, rum, and sherry."[19] The President's recipe called for a variety of alcoholic beverages along with the dairy and egg ingredients: "One quart cream, one quart milk, one dozen tablespoons sugar, one pint brandy, 1/2 pint rye whiskey, 1/2 pint Jamaica rum, [and] 1/4 pint sherry." The recipe instructs cooks to "mix [the] liquor first, then separate yolks and whites of eggs, add sugar to beaten yolks, mix well. Add milk and cream, slowly beating. Beat whites of eggs until stiff and fold slowly into mixture. Let set in cool place for several days. Taste frequently."[15]

text: "Tom and Jerry is a form of hot eggnog [cocktail] that was once popular."[20] The Tom and Jerry was invented by British journalist Pierce Egan in the 1820s, using brandy and rum added to eggnog and served hot, usually in a mug or a bowl. It is a traditional Christmastime cocktail in the United States.

text: Isaac Weld, Junior, in his book Travels Through the States of North America and the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, during the years 1795, 1796, and 1797 (published in 1800) wrote: "The American travellers, before they pursued their journey, took a hearty draught each, according to custom, of egg-nog, a mixture composed of new milk, eggs, rum, and sugar, beat up together;..." In a similar way to how posset was drunk as a cold remedy in the Medieval era, there is evidence that eggnog was also used as a medical treatment. An 1892 scientific journal article proposes the use of eggnog to treat "grippe", commonly known as the "flu", along with ammonium chloride to treat the cough and quinine to cure the illness.[21]

text: In the American South, eggnog is made with bourbon.[9] Eggnog is called "coquito" in Puerto Rico, where rum and fresh coconut juice or coconut milk are used in its preparation.[9] Mexican eggnog, also known as "rompope", was developed in Santa Clara. It differs from regular eggnog in its use of Mexican cinnamon and rum or grain alcohol.[9] In Peru, eggnog is called "biblia con pisco", and it is made with a Peruvian pomace brandy called pisco."[9] German eggnog, called "biersuppe", is made with beer. "Eierpunsch is a German version of eggnog made with white wine", eggs, sugar, cloves, tea, lemon or lime juice and cinnamon.[20] Another recipe dating from 1904 calls for eggs, lemon juice, sugar, white wine, water and rum. In Iceland, eggnog "...is served hot as a dessert."[9]

text: Ingredients and serving style[edit]

text: Homemade[edit]

text: Traditional homemade eggnog is made of milk or cream, sugar, raw eggs, one or more alcoholic spirits, and spices, often vanilla or nutmeg and in some recipes, cloves. Some recipes call for the eggs to be separated so that the egg whites can be whipped until they are thick; this gives the drink a frothy texture. American food show presenter Alton Brown points out that based on its ingredients, eggnog is "almost identical to ice cream. It is technically just a stirred custard made of milk and egg".[22] Homemade recipes may use vanilla ice cream blended into the beverage, particularly when the goal is to create a chilled drink. Some recipes call for condensed milk or evaporated milk in addition to milk and cream. Acidophilus milk, a fermented milk product, has been used to make egg nog.[23] While some recipes call for unwhipped heavy cream, in some recipes, whipped cream is added to the mixture, which gives it a frothier texture. Various sweeteners are used, such as white sugar, brown sugar[24] and maple syrup.[25]

text: There are variations in ingredients in different recipes. Traditional eggnog has a significant fat content, due to the use of cream, and a high sugar content. Ingredients vary significantly between different recipes. Alcohol used in different national and regional versions of eggnog include brandy, cognac, bourbon, whiskey, sherry, rum and grain alcohol. Canadian chef Heidi Fink states that one of the reasons people are making less homemade eggnog is that the beverage is expensive to make, due to its use of substantial quantities of cream, eggs, and spirits.[26] Concerns about the safety of raw eggs may be another reason for the decline in homemade eggnog making.[26]

text: Commercially prepared[edit]

text: Modern commercial eggnog manufacturers add gelatin and other thickeners, a cost-savings measure that enables manufacturers to produce a thick beverage while using less egg and cream. "Commercial eggnog tends to contain less eggs than homemade nog". In the US, "FDA regulations only require that 1.0 percent of a product’s final weight be made up of egg yolk solids for it to bear the eggnog name."[27] Under current U.S. law, commercial products sold as eggnog are permitted to contain milk, sugar, modified milk ingredients, glucose-fructose, water, carrageenan, guar gum, natural and artificial flavorings, spices, monoglycerides, and colorings.[28][29] In Canada, the "National Dairy Code defines eggnog as: "food made from milk and cream containing milk and cream which has been flavoured and sweetened. The food shall contain not less than 3.25 per cent milk fat and not less than 23 per cent total solids."[30] In Canada, if a commercial product does not contain eggs, it cannot be called "eggnog".

text: Ready-made eggnog versions are seasonally available with different spirits, or without alcohol, to be drunk as bought or used as "mixes" with all the ingredients except the liquor, to be added as desired. While eggnog is mostly available from American Thanksgiving through to Christmas, in some regions a marshmallow-flavoured version is sold at Easter.[26] In the 2000s, low-fat and sugar-free commercial versions are available using sugar substitutes and skimmed or low fat milk.[31]

text: The Dutch liqueur advocaat, with around 20% alcohol, and German Eierlikör, are essentially an eggnog, although the former only tends to have a similar consistency to eggnog in export markets. In the Netherlands, advocaat is normally available as a thick and creamy confection which is either consumed as is or used as a cream for various desserts.

text: Non-dairy and vegan versions[edit]

text: Some North American manufacturers offer soy-, almond-, rice- or coconut milk-based alternatives for vegans and those with dairy allergies, lactose intolerance or other dietary restrictions. The history of non-dairy eggnogs goes back to 1899 when Almeda Lambert, in her Guide for Nut Cookery, gave a recipe for "Egg Nog" made using coconut cream, eggs, and sugar. In 1973, Eunice Farmilant, in The Natural Foods Sweet-Tooth Cookbook, gave a more modern non-dairy eggnog recipe using 3 eggs separated, 2 tablespoons of barley malt extract or Amazake syrup, four cups of chilled soy milk, 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract, and nutmeg, (p. 138-39)

text: In 1981, Grain Country of Los Angeles, California, introduced Grain Nog, the earliest non-dairy and vegan eggnog. "Vegan" means that a food contains no animal products, including milk or eggs. Based on amazake (a traditional Japanese fermented rice beverage) and containing no eggs, Grain Nog was available in plain, strawberry, and carob flavors. Also in 1981, Redwood Valley Soyfoods Unlimited (California) introduced "Soynog", the earliest soy-based non-dairy and vegan eggnog based on soy milk and tofu (added for thickness). It was renamed Lite Nog in 1982 and Tofu Nog in 1985.

text: Serving and presentation[edit]

text: Whether homemade or commercial eggnog is being served, toppings may be added, such as grated nutmeg or ground cinnamon, whipped cream,[32] a cinnamon stick, chocolate shavings[33] or a vanilla pod. Eggnog can be served in glasses, mugs or stemmed brandy snifters. Eggnog may be served to guests already poured into a glass or other container, or it may be served in a punch bowl, so that guests can serve themselves.[33] Both homemade and commercial eggnogs are made in alcohol-free versions and recipes in which alcoholic beverages, generally brown, aged spirits such as bourbon, brandy or rum are added during preparation or directly to the cup after the nog is poured. For example, for rum, some recipes specify dark rum or spiced rum, for extra flavour. A few recipes suggest Baileys Irish Cream liqueur, apple brandy or even Guinness stout as the alcohol.

text: In private homes or parties, non-alcoholic eggnog may be served to guests, but with one or more bottles of spirits (rum, whiskey, etc.) made available. This way designated drivers and people who do not drink alcohol can enjoy the drink alcohol-free, but other guests can add the type and amount of alcohol to suit their tastes. When eggnog is served in a punchbowl, in some cases a "virgin" recipe (alcohol free) and an alcohol-spiked recipe will be served in two separate bowls, labelled so that guests can choose which one.

text: Use as flavouring[edit]

text: The distinctive spices that give eggnog its characteristic taste, including cinnamon, nutmeg, and vanilla, are used to create eggnog-flavoured foods and beverages. Eggnog-flavoured foods include eggnog ice cream, pie, cupcakes, rum cake, cookies, biscotti, pancake syrup, bread pudding, French toast and waffles. Eggnog-flavoured beverages include eggnog lattes (developed by Starbucks in the mid-1980s), eggnog-flavoured coffee and tea, some craft beers (e.g., eggnog stout) and eggnog milkshakes.

text: Health and safety[edit]

text: Raw eggs[edit]

text: Most homemade eggnog recipes have historically included raw eggs. While the alcohol added to many homemade eggnogs is a bactericide, eggnog freshly made from raw eggs that are infected with salmonella and not heated can cause food poisoning. A very small percentage of raw eggs are infected with salmonella. In 1982 most of the residents and staff of a nursing home in the U.S. became ill with salmonellosis, and four died. The cause was almost certainly an eggnog made on the spur of the moment, with some cases caused in a secondary outbreak caused by food being handled later by people with contaminated hands.[34] A later publication of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that the alcohol in eggnog is not sufficient to sterilize contaminated eggs.[35] Using commercial pasteurized eggs or heating the milk-egg mixture sufficiently can make the drink safe; one recipe calls for heating the mixture gently, without boiling, until it thickens enough to "coat the back of a spoon."[36]

text: However, aged alcoholic eggnog becomes sterilized even if made with contaminated eggs. Aging alcoholic eggnog—sometimes for as long as a year—has been said to improve its flavor significantly, and also destroys pathogens. The Rockefeller University Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology carried out an experiment in 2010 where salmonella was added to a strong eggnog which was refrigerated and stored; the beverage still had dangerous levels of salmonella a week later, but it was all gone within three weeks. A concentration of at least 20% of alcohol (about the same amounts of alcoholic spirits and milk or cream), and refrigeration are recommended for safety.[37][38]

text: For concerns about the safety of selling products made from raw eggs and milk, the U.S. FDA has changed or altered the definition of eggnog a number of times towards artificial replacements for the large number of eggs traditionally used. FDA regulations (as of January 2015[update]) require eggnog to contain at least 1% egg yolk solids and at least 8.25% milk solids.[39][40][41][42] Some recipes for homemade eggnog call for egg yolks to be cooked with milk into a custard to avoid potential hazards from raw eggs.

text: Alcohol content[edit]

text: TIME magazine states that individuals should be aware of the alcohol content of eggnog, from a responsible drinking perspective. When people make homemade alcoholic eggnog, or when they add spirits to commercially prepared eggnog, in some cases, the drink has a very high alcohol content; one columnist states that in his family Christmas tradition, "it's not eggnog unless you can set fire to it", due to high alcohol percentage.[43] Jazz composer Charles Mingus had an eggnog recipe that contained enough alcohol, including 151 proof rum, to "put down an elephant".[44]

text: There is a long history of heavily alcohol-spiked eggnog. An 1894 book by a North Carolina traveler describes using "half gallon of brandy for an eggnog".[45] CNN states that some 19th century American eggnog recipes called for significant amounts of alcohol; one recipe "calls for three dozen eggs, half a gallon of domestic brandy, and another half-pint of French brandy."[19] The high alcohol content of traditional "eggnog inevitably led to problems. In 19th-century Baltimore, it was a custom for young men of the town to go from house to house on New Year’s Day, toasting their hosts in eggnog along the way. The challenge: to finish one’s rounds still standing."[46]

text: In 2015, controversy arose over a Bloomingdales advertisement which referred to adding alcohol to eggnog. The ad depicted a man and a woman, with the woman looking away from the man, and it was captioned "Spike your best friend’s eggnog when they’re not looking".[47] After being widely criticized on social media websites such as Twitter[48] as seemingly endorsing date rape and alcohol-facilitated sexual assault, Bloomingdales responded with an apology: "In reflection of recent feedback, the copy we used in our recent catalog was inappropriate and in poor taste. Bloomingdale’s sincerely apologizes for this error in judgment."[47]

text: The most notable case of alcohol problems associated with the drink was the Eggnog Riot at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York, on 23–25 December 1826. Alcohol possession at the academy was prohibited, along with drunkenness and intoxication, both of which could lead to expulsion.[49] By 1826, concern had been raised that drinking was starting to get out of hand among the 260 cadets at the academy.[50][51] The cadets were informed that, due to the alcohol prohibition on the site, their Christmas eggnog would be alcohol-free, prompting the decision by cadets to smuggle liquor into the academy.[52] Gallons of whiskey were smuggled into the barracks to make eggnog for a Christmas Day party. This led to "...a drunken free-for-all. Windows, furniture, and crockery were smashed; banisters were torn from walls, fights broke out. One eggnog-addled cadet tried, but failed, to shoot his commanding officer."[46] The incident resulted in the court-martialing of twenty cadets and one enlisted soldier. Neither the young Jefferson Davis nor Robert E. Lee, who were in attendance, was found guilty of any offences or expelled.[46]

text: Nutritional aspects[edit]

text: According to the USDA, a one cup (250 ml) serving of eggnog contains 343 calories (17% of a typical person's daily value needed); 34.4 grams of carbohydrates (11% of DV), including 21.4 grams of sugar; 19 grams of fat (29% of DV); and 9.7 grams of protein (19% of DV).[53] TIME magazine's Tristan Stephenson states that eggnog's "alcohol and sugar provide energy, eggs supply protein, and the fat from the milk or cream gives the [wintertime] drinker the necessary "layers" to deal with the frost."[54] TIME magazine also states that with its cream, eggs and sugar ingredients, "...eggnog can pack in upwards of 400 [calories] per cup."[15] CNN states that a "...relatively small four-ounce cup of store-bought eggnog boasts a whopping 170 calories (half of them from fat), nearly 10 grams of fat, and over 70 mg of cholesterol...[, which is] around a quarter of your recommended daily intake of cholesterol."[19] National Geographic writer Rebecca Rupp states that with eggnog's saturated fat, cholesterol, liquor and high calorie count, "...[t]here’s no way this stuff is good for us."[46] Esquire states that "[e]ggnog is irredeemable from a nutritional standpoint. Period. The pre-packaged stuff is mostly made from high-fructose corn syrup, dairy fat, and a bunch of unlovable additives" and it recommends a "two-drink maximum" for health reasons.[55]

text: Reception and consumption[edit]

text: Eggnog has a polarized reception from food critics, chefs and consumers; Esquire states that "there doesn't seem to be a middle ground on eggnog. You either love it or hate it".[55][56] While some are enthusiastic advocates of the beverage, others are critical of its taste or consistency. The CBC states that the "ancient drink can be quite divisive."[26] The Guardian writer Andrew Shanahan described eggnog in a critical manner in 2006: "People rarely get it right, but even if you do it still tastes horrible. The smell is like an omelette and the consistency defies belief. It lurches around the glass like partially-sentient sludge."[57] TIME magazine's Tristan Stephenson states that eggnog is popular because it "[t]ick[s] every single one of the guilt/pleasure boxes, on account of being little more than fat, sugar, and alcohol", which makes it "so ludicrously delicious", a sort of "alcoholic custard".[54]

text: Canadian chef Heidi Fink, from Victoria, praises homemade nog but criticizes the "slimy" "glop you can buy in supermarkets".[26] Chowhound criticized Trader Joe's chocolate-flavoured eggnog, calling it "ghastly".[58] The New York Daily News argued against the use of eggnog flavouring (and other flavours, like blueberry), in coffee, calling the results "Franken-coffee".[59]

text: The drink is more popular in the United States in the 2000s than the United Kingdom, despite the fact that it was developed in Britain and then transplanted to the American colonies in the 1700s. As of 2014, Canadians are drinking less store-bought eggnog. They drank 5.3 million litres of commercial eggnog in 2014's Christmas period; this is less than in 1994, when they drank eight million litres.[26] Some of the possible reasons for the decline in Canadian eggnog consumption could be concerns about raw eggs (for homemade eggnog) and health concerns, regarding the fat and sugar content of the drink.[citation needed]

text: In fiction[edit]

text: Eggnog is described in the 1932 novel Cold Comfort Farm (chapter 21) as a "Hell's Angel", made with an egg, two ounces of brandy, a teaspoonful of cream, and some chips of ice, where it is served as breakfast. Tom and Jerry, a hot eggnog cocktail, is described in Damon Runyon's 1932 story "Dancing Dan's Christmas". Tom and Jerry drinks are described in Yogi Yorgesson's 1949 novelty song "I Yust Go Nuts at Christmas" and characters drink Tom and Jerrys in the 1940 film Beyond Tomorrow[60] and the 1941 film The Great Mr. Nobody. Tom and Jerry drinks are mentioned in the 1960 film The Apartment. In the 1989 film National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation film, the fictional characters Clark Griswold and Cousin Eddie are depicted drinking egg nog out of Wally World mugs, an inside joke which makes reference to the fictional theme park featured in an earlier National Lampoon movie. In the 1988 movie Die Hard, John McClane wishes he could have a normal Christmas with eggnog rather than crawling through a ventilation duct.


document_title: Oldest McDonald's restaurant

question_text: where was the first mcdonalds in phoenix az

root

text: Oldest McDonald's restaurant

text: History[edit]

text: The McDonald brothers opened their first restaurant adjacent to the Monrovia Airport in 1937. It was a tiny octagonal building informally called The Airdrome. That octagonal building was later moved to 1398 North E Street in San Bernardino, California, in 1940. It was originally a barbecue drive-in, but the brothers discovered that most of their profits came from hamburgers. In 1948, they closed their restaurant for three months, reopening it in December as a walk-up hamburger stand that sold hamburgers, potato chips, and orange juice; the following year, french fries and Coca-Cola were added to the menu. This simplified menu, and food preparation using assembly line principles, allowed them to sell hamburgers for 15 cents, or about half as much as at a sit-down restaurant. The restaurant was very successful, and the brothers started to franchise the concept in 1953.

tag: p

text: The first franchisee was Occidental Petroleum executive Neil Fox, who opened a restaurant at 4050 North Central Avenue in Phoenix, Arizona, in May, for a flat fee of $1,000. His restaurant was the first to employ the McDonald brothers' Golden Arches standardized design, created by Southern California architect Stanley Clark Meston and his assistant Charles Fish. Fox's use of the "McDonald's" name evidently came as a surprise to the brothers, but all subsequent franchises (except for the third location in North Hollywood, CA, which operated as Peak's,) used the "McDonald's" brand. (Although there was also a "Peak's" that had been franchised by McDonald Brothers on Foothill Blvd. in Pasadena, Golden Arches and all, at the foot of Hastings Ranch).

text: Fox's brothers-in-law and business partners, Roger Williams and Bud Landon, were the franchisees for the fourth McDonald's, and used their expertise in siting gasoline stations in choosing the Downey location. Like the McDonald brothers' other franchisees, they were required to use Meston's design.[2]

text: The purchase of the chain from the McDonald brothers by Ray Kroc did not affect the Downey restaurant, as it was franchised under an agreement with the McDonald brothers, not with Kroc's company McDonald's Systems, Inc., which later became McDonald's Corporation. As a result, the restaurant was not subject to the modernization requirements that McDonald's Corporation placed on its franchisees. Its menu came to differ from that of other McDonald's restaurants, and lacked items such as the Big Mac that were developed in the corporation. In part due to these differences, as well as a corporate McDonald's opening in the mid 1970s less than a half mile away, the restaurant came to suffer poor sales, and was finally acquired by McDonald's Corporation in 1990, when it was the only remaining McDonald's that was independent of the chain.

text: With low sales, damage from the 1994 Northridge earthquake, and the lack of a drive-up window and indoor seating, the restaurant was closed, and McDonald's planned to demolish it and incorporate some of its features in a modern "retro" restaurant nearby. However, it was listed on the National Trust for Historic Preservation's 1994 list of the 11 Most Endangered Historic Places. With both the public and preservationists demanding the restaurant be saved, McDonald's spent two years restoring the restaurant and reopened it. Customers today can visit the restored restaurant and an adjoining gift shop and museum.

text: Other early McDonald's restaurants[edit]

text: Very few early McDonald's restaurants remain, largely because McDonald's Corporation required its franchisees to update their buildings. The original hexagonal McDonald's hamburger stand in San Bernardino was demolished in 1953 to be replaced by a building in the now familiar Golden Arches style; in an oversight, the McDonald brothers failed to retain rights to the McDonald's name when they sold the chain to Kroc, and were forced to rename it "The Big M". It went out of business and was demolished in 1972, although part of the sign remains; an independent McDonald's museum was opened on the site in 1998.

text: Other early buildings still standing include the seventh McDonald's, at 1057 East Mission Boulevard in Pomona, California, which is now a doughnut shop (currently the second-oldest existing McDonald's building). The 11th McDonald's at 1900 South Central Avenue in Los Angeles, (later a taco restaurant), was demolished in 2016. Kroc's 1955 McDonald's franchise in Des Plaines, Illinois, the ninth in the chain, was demolished in 1984, but a replica was built on the original foundation and is now described as the McDonald's USA No. 1 Store Museum.

text: A single-arch McDonald's sign at 2801 S. Olive Street, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, dating from 1962, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

text: A restaurant built in 1962 at 2434 Almaden Road in San Jose, California, is the only other remaining early McDonald's still in operation in the state, although a modern restaurant is now attached to it. This location is listed as one of the city's historic resources.[3]

text: An early McDonald's stands at 9100 SE Powell Boulevard in Portland, Oregon. It is not attached to the adjacent McDonald's but is available for party rentals.

text: The site of the original McDonald's on 1398 North E Street in San Bernardino was purchased in 1998 by Albert Okura, owner of the Juan Pollo chicken restaurant chain, for $135,000 in a foreclosure sale.[4][5] Okura turned the property into the headquarters for his chain of restaurants and opened an unofficial McDonald's museum on the site, which, due to communications with McDonald's, Okura refers to as the "historic site of the original McDonald's". Okura said though he did not intend to open the museum, an erroneous news story that mentioned he was planning on opening a museum gave him the idea; former employees and customers sent the museum many of the items on display.[6]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
The sign outside the Downey McDonald's in 2014

A view of the inside of the Downey McDonald's

Another view from the outside of the Downey McDonald's in 2014, with the museum to the right

The Downey McDonald's in 2017

tag: ul


document_title: Timeline of the evolutionary history of life

question_text: about how long ago did multicellular life forms appear on earth

text: Extinction[edit]

text: Species go extinct constantly as environments change, organisms compete for environmental niches, and genetic mutation leads to the rise of new species from older ones. Occasionally biodiversity on the planet takes a hit in the form of a mass extinction in which the extinction rate is much higher than usual.[8] A large extinction event often represents an accumulation of smaller extinction events that take place in a relatively brief period of time.[9]

text: The first known mass extinction in earth's history was the Great Oxygenation Event 2.4 billion years ago. The event led to the loss of most of the planet's obligate anaerobes. The five largest extinction events in earth's history since are these:[10]

text:
End of the Ordovician: 440 million years ago, 86% of all species lost, including graptolites
Late Devonian: 375 million years ago, 75% of species lost, including trilobites
End of the Permian, "The Great Dying": 251 million years ago, 96% of species lost, including tabulate corals, and most extant trees and synapsids
End of the Triassic: 200 million years ago, 80% of species lost, including all of the conodonts
End of the Cretaceous: 66 million years ago, 76% of species lost, including all of the ammonites, mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, pterosaurs, and nonavian dinosaurs

text: (Dates and percentages represent estimates.)

text: Smaller extinction events have occurred in the periods between these larger catastrophes, with some standing at the delineation points of the periods and epochs recognized by scientists in geologic time. The Holocene extinction event is currently under way.[11]

text: Factors in mass extinctions include continental drift, changes in atmospheric and marine chemistry, volcanism and other aspects of mountain formation, changes in glaciation, changes in sea level, and impact events.[9]

text: Detailed timeline[edit]

text: In this timeline, Ma (for megaannum) means "million years ago," ka (for kiloannum) means "thousand years ago," and ya means "years ago."

text: Hadean Eon[edit]

text: 4000 Ma and earlier.

text:
Date
Event

4600 Ma
The planet Earth forms from the accretion disc revolving around the young Sun with organic compounds (complex organic molecules) necessary for life having perhaps formed in the protoplanetary disk of cosmic dust grains surrounding it before the formation of the Earth.[12]

4500 Ma
According to the giant impact hypothesis, the Moon was formed when the planet Earth and the hypothesized planet Theia collided, sending a very large number of moonlets into orbit around the young Earth which eventually coalesce to form the Moon.[13] The gravitational pull of the new Moon stabilised the Earth's fluctuating axis of rotation and set up the conditions in which abiogenesis occurred.[14]

4404 Ma
First appearance of liquid water on Earth.

4280 Ma
Earliest appearance of life on Earth.[15][16][17][18]

tag: table

text: Archean Eon[edit]

text: 4000 Ma – 2500 Ma

text:
Date
Event

4000 Ma
Formation of a greenstone belt of the Acasta Gneiss of the Slave craton in Northwest Territories, Canada, the oldest rock belt in the world.[19]

4100–3800 Ma
Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB): extended barrage of impact events upon the inner planets by meteoroids. Thermal flux from widespread hydrothermal activity during the LHB may have been conducive to abiogenesis and life's early diversification.[20] "Remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia.[21][22] According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth ... then it could be common in the universe."[21][relevant? – discuss]

3900–2500 Ma
Cells resembling prokaryotes appear.[23] These first organisms are chemoautotrophs: they use carbon dioxide as a carbon source and oxidize inorganic materials to extract energy. Later, prokaryotes evolve glycolysis, a set of chemical reactions that free the energy of organic molecules such as glucose and store it in the chemical bonds of ATP. Glycolysis (and ATP) continue to be used in almost all organisms, unchanged, to this day.[24][25]

3800 Ma
Formation of a greenstone belt of the Isua complex of the western Greenland region, whose rocks show an isotope frequency suggestive of the presence of life.[19] The earliest evidences for life on Earth are 3.8 billion-year-old biogenic hematite in a banded iron formation of the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt in Canada,[26] graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland[27] and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.[28][29]

3500 Ma
Lifetime of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA);[30][31] the split between bacteria and archaea occurs.[32]
Bacteria develop primitive forms of photosynthesis which at first did not produce oxygen.[33] These organisms generated Adenosine triphosphate by exploiting a proton gradient, a mechanism still used in virtually all organisms.[34]

3000 Ma
Photosynthesizing cyanobacteria evolved; they used water as a reducing agent, thereby producing oxygen as a waste product.[35] The oxygen initially oxidizes dissolved iron in the oceans, creating iron ore. The oxygen concentration in the atmosphere slowly rose, acting as a poison for many bacteria and eventually triggering the Great Oxygenation Event. The Moon, still very close to Earth, caused tides 1,000 feet (305 m) high.[citation needed] The Earth was continually wracked by hurricane-force winds. These extreme mixing influences are thought to have stimulated evolutionary processes.[citation needed]

2800 Ma
Oldest evidence for microbial life on land in the form of organic matter-rich paleosols, ephemeral ponds and alluvial sequences, some of them bearing microfossils.[36]

text: Proterozoic Eon[edit]

text: 2500 Ma – 542 Ma. Contains the Palaeoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic eras.

text:
Date
Event

2500 Ma
Great Oxygenation Event led by cyanobacteria's oxygenic photosynthesis.[35] Commencement of plate tectonics with old marine crust dense enough to subduct.[19]

2000 Ma
Diversification and expansion of acritarchs.[37]

By 1850 Ma
Eukaryotic cells appear. Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles with diverse functions, probably derived from prokaryotes engulfing each other via phagocytosis. (See Symbiogenesis and Endosymbiont). Bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) emerge before, or soon after, the divergence of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages.[38] The appearance of red beds show that an oxidising atmosphere had been produced. Incentives now favoured the spread of eukaryotic life.[39][40][41]

1400 Ma
Great increase in stromatolite diversity.

By 1200 Ma
Meiosis and sexual reproduction are present in single-celled eukaryotes, and possibly in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes.[42] Sex may even have arisen earlier in the RNA world.[43] Sexual reproduction first appears in the fossil records; it may have increased the rate of evolution.[44]

800 Ma
First multicellular organism may have arisen.[45]

750 Ma
First protozoa (ex: Melanocyrillium)

850–630 Ma
A global glaciation may have occurred.[46][47] Opinion is divided on whether it increased or decreased biodiversity or the rate of evolution.[48][49][50]

600 Ma
The accumulation of atmospheric oxygen allows the formation of an ozone layer.[51] Prior to this, land-based life would probably have required other chemicals to attenuate ultraviolet radiation enough to permit colonisation of the land.[36]

580–542 Ma
The Ediacara biota represent the first large, complex multicellular organisms — although their affinities remain a subject of debate.[52]

580–500 Ma
Most modern phyla of animals begin to appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion.[53][54]

560 Ma
Earliest fungi

550 Ma
First fossil evidence for Ctenophora (comb jellies), Porifera (sponges), Anthozoa (corals and sea anemones)

text: Phanerozoic Eon[edit]

text: 542 Ma – present

text: The Phanerozoic Eon, literally the "period of well-displayed life," marks the appearance in the fossil record of abundant, shell-forming and/or trace-making organisms. It is subdivided into three eras, the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which are divided by major mass extinctions.

text: Palaeozoic Era[edit]

text: 542 Ma – 251.0 Ma and contains the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods.

text:
Date
Event

535 Ma
Major diversification of living things in the oceans: chordates, arthropods (e.g. trilobites, crustaceans), echinoderms, molluscs, brachiopods, foraminifers and radiolarians, etc.

530 Ma
The first known footprints on land date to 530 Ma, indicating that early animal explorations may have predated the development of terrestrial plants.[55]

525 Ma
Earliest graptolites

510 Ma
First cephalopods (nautiloids) and chitons

505 Ma
Fossilization of the Burgess Shale

485 Ma
First vertebrates with true bones (jawless fishes)

450 Ma
First complete conodonts and echinoids appear

440 Ma
First agnathan fishes: Heterostraci, Galeaspida, and Pituriaspida

434 Ma
The first primitive plants move onto land,[56] having evolved from green algae living along the edges of lakes.[57] They are accompanied by fungi[citation needed], which may have aided the colonization of land through symbiosis.

420 Ma
Earliest ray-finned fishes, trigonotarbid arachnids, and land scorpions[58]

410 Ma
First signs of teeth in fish. Earliest Nautilida, lycophytes, and trimerophytes.

395 Ma
First lichens, stoneworts. Earliest harvestmen, mites, hexapods (springtails) and ammonoids. The first known tetrapod tracks on land.

363 Ma
By the start of the Carboniferous Period, the Earth begins to resemble its present state. Insects roamed the land and would soon take to the skies; sharks swam the oceans as top predators,[59] and vegetation covered the land, with seed-bearing plants and forests soon to flourish.
Four-limbed tetrapods gradually gain adaptations which will help them occupy a terrestrial life-habit.

360 Ma
First crabs and ferns. Land flora dominated by seed ferns.

350 Ma
First large sharks, ratfishes, and hagfish

340 Ma
Diversification of amphibians

330 Ma
First amniote vertebrates (Paleothyris)

320 Ma
Synapsids (precursors to mammals) separate from sauropsids (reptiles) in late Carboniferous.[60]

305 Ma
Earliest diapsid reptiles (e.g. Petrolacosaurus)

280 Ma
Earliest beetles, seed plants and conifers diversify while lepidodendrids and sphenopsids decrease. Terrestrial temnospondyl amphibians and pelycosaurs (e.g. Dimetrodon) diversify in species.

275 Ma
Therapsid synapsids separate from pelycosaur synapsids

251.4 Ma
The Permian–Triassic extinction event eliminates over 90-95% of marine species. Terrestrial organisms were not as seriously affected as the marine biota. This "clearing of the slate" may have led to an ensuing diversification, but life on land took 30 million years to completely recover.[61]

text: Mesozoic Era[edit]

text: From 251.4 Ma to 66 Ma and containing the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

text:
Date
Event

The Mesozoic Marine Revolution begins: increasingly well adapted and diverse predators[who?] pressurize sessile marine groups; the "balance of power" in the oceans shifts dramatically as some groups of prey[who?] adapt more rapidly and effectively than others[who?].

248 Ma
Sturgeon and paddlefish (Acipenseridae) first appear.

245 Ma
Earliest ichthyosaurs

240 Ma
Increase in diversity of gomphodont cynodonts and rhynchosaurs

225 Ma
Earliest dinosaurs (prosauropods), first cardiid bivalves, diversity in cycads, bennettitaleans, and conifers. First teleost fishes. First mammals (Adelobasileus).

220 Ma
Seed-producing Gymnosperm forests dominate the land; herbivores grow to huge sizes to accommodate the large guts necessary to digest the nutrient-poor plants.[citation needed] First flies and turtles (Odontochelys). First coelophysoid dinosaurs.

205
Ma

the Massive extinction of Triassic/Jurassic, that wiped out most of the group of pseudosuchians and was given the opportunity of dinosaurs including the Apatosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, Perrotasaurus, and Stegosaurus to enter its golden age.

200 Ma
The first accepted evidence for viruses that infect eukaryotic cells (at least, the group Geminiviridae) existed.[62] Viruses are still poorly understood and may have arisen before "life" itself, or may be a more recent phenomenon.
Major extinctions in terrestrial vertebrates and large amphibians. Earliest examples of armoured dinosaurs

195 Ma
First pterosaurs with specialized feeding (Dorygnathus). First sauropod dinosaurs. Diversification in small, ornithischian dinosaurs: heterodontosaurids, fabrosaurids, and scelidosaurids.

190 Ma
Pliosauroids appear in the fossil record. First lepidopteran insects (Archaeolepis), hermit crabs, modern starfish, irregular echinoids, corbulid bivalves, and tubulipore bryozoans. Extensive development of sponge reefs.

176 Ma
First members of the Stegosauria group of dinosaurs

170 Ma
Earliest salamanders, newts, cryptoclidids, elasmosaurid plesiosaurs, and cladotherian mammals. Sauropod dinosaurs diversify.

165 Ma
First rays and glycymeridid bivalves

163 Ma
Pterodactyloid pterosaurs first appear[63]

161 Ma
Ceratopsian dinosaurs appear in the fossil record (Yinlong) and the oldest known Eutherian Mammal appear in the fossil record: Juramaia.

160 Ma
Multituberculate mammals (genus Rugosodon) appear in eastern China

155 Ma
First blood-sucking insects (ceratopogonids), rudist bivalves, and cheilostome bryozoans. Archaeopteryx, a possible ancestor to the birds, appears in the fossil record, along with triconodontid and symmetrodont mammals. Diversity in stegosaurian and theropod dinosaurs.

130 Ma
The rise of the angiosperms: Some of these flowering plants bear structures that attract insects and other animals to spread pollen;other angiosperms were pollinated by wind or water. This innovation causes a major burst of animal evolution through coevolution. First freshwater pelomedusid turtles.

120 Ma
Oldest fossils of heterokonts, including both marine diatoms and silicoflagellates

115 Ma
First monotreme mammals

110 Ma
First hesperornithes, toothed diving birds. Earliest limopsid, verticordiid, and thyasirid bivalves.

106 Ma
Spinosaurus, the largest theropod dinosaur, appears in the fossil record

100 Ma
Earliest bees

90 Ma
Extinction of ichthyosaurs. Earliest snakes and nuculanid bivalves. Large diversification in angiosperms: magnoliids, rosids, hamamelidids, monocots, and ginger. Earliest examples of ticks. Probable origins of placental mammals (earliest undisputed fossil evidence is 66 Ma).

80 Ma
First ants

70 Ma
Multituberculate mammals increase in diversity. First yoldiid bivalves.

68 Ma
Tyrannosaurus, the largest terrestrial predator of what is now western North America appears in the fossil record. First species of Triceratops.

text: Cenozoic Era[edit]

text: 66 Ma – present

text:
Date
Event

66 Ma
The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event eradicates about half of all animal species, including mosasaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, ammonites, belemnites, rudist and inoceramid bivalves, most planktic foraminifers, and all of the dinosaurs excluding the birds.[64]

From 66 Ma
Rapid dominance of conifers and ginkgos in high latitudes, along with mammals becoming the dominant species. First psammobiid bivalves. Earliest rodents. Rapid diversification in ants.

63 Ma
Evolution of the creodonts, an important group of meat-eating (carnivorous) mammals

60 Ma
Diversification of large, flightless birds. Earliest true primates, along with the first semelid bivalves, edentate, carnivoran and lipotyphlan mammals, and owls. The ancestors of the carnivorous mammals (miacids) were alive.

56 Ma
Gastornis, a large flightless bird, appears in the fossil record

55 Ma
Modern bird groups diversify (first song birds, parrots, loons, swifts, woodpeckers), first whale (Himalayacetus), earliest lagomorphs, armadillos, appearance of sirenian, proboscidean, perissodactyl and artiodactyl mammals in the fossil record. Angiosperms diversify. The ancestor (according to theory) of the species in the genus Carcharodon, the early mako shark Isurus hastalis, is alive.

52 Ma
First bats appear (Onychonycteris)

50 Ma
Peak diversity of dinoflagellates and nannofossils, increase in diversity of anomalodesmatan and heteroconch bivalves, brontotheres, tapirs, rhinoceroses, and camels appear in the fossil record, diversification of primates

40 Ma
Modern-type butterflies and moths appear. Extinction of Gastornis. Basilosaurus, one of the first of the giant whales, appeared in the fossil record.

37 Ma
First nimravid ("false saber-toothed cats") carnivores — these species are unrelated to modern-type felines

35 Ma
Grasses diversify from among the monocot angiosperms; grasslands begin to expand. Slight increase in diversity of cold-tolerant ostracods and foraminifers, along with major extinctions of gastropods, reptiles, amphibians, and multituberculate mammals. Many modern mammal groups begin to appear: first glyptodonts, ground sloths, canids, peccaries, and the first eagles and hawks. Diversity in toothed and baleen whales.

33 Ma
Evolution of the thylacinid marsupials (Badjcinus)

30 Ma
First balanids and eucalypts, extinction of embrithopod and brontothere mammals, earliest pigs and cats

28 Ma
Paraceratherium appears in the fossil record, the largest terrestrial mammal that ever lived

25 Ma
Pelagornis sandersi appears in the fossil record, the largest flying bird that ever lived

25 Ma
First deer

20 Ma
First giraffes, hyenas, bears and giant anteaters, increase in bird diversity

15 Ma
Genus Mammut appears in the fossil record, first bovids and kangaroos, diversity in Australian megafauna

10 Ma
Grasslands and savannas are established, diversity in insects, especially ants and termites, horses increase in body size and develop high-crowned teeth, major diversification in grassland mammals and snakes

9.5 Ma
The Great American Interchange, where various land and freshwater faunas migrated between North and South America. Armadillos, opossums, hummingbirds Phorusrhacids, Ground Sloths, Glyptodonts, and Meridiungulates traveled to North America, while horses, tapirs, saber-toothed cats, Jaguars, Bears, Coaties, Ferrets, Otters, Skunks and deer entered South America.

6.5 Ma
First hominins (Sahelanthropus)

6 Ma
Australopithecines diversify (Orrorin, Ardipithecus)

5 Ma
First tree sloths and hippopotami, diversification of grazing herbivores like zebras and elephants, large carnivorous mammals like lions and the genus Canis, burrowing rodents, kangaroos, birds, and small carnivores, vultures increase in size, decrease in the number of perissodactyl mammals. Extinction of nimravid carnivores.

4.8 Ma
Mammoths appear in the fossil record

4 Ma
Evolution of Australopithecus, Stupendemys appears in the fossil record as the largest freshwater turtle, first modern elephants, giraffes, zebras, lions, rhinoceros and gazelles appear in the fossil record

2.7 Ma
Evolution of Paranthropus

2.5 Ma
The earliest species of Smilodon evolve

2 Ma
First members of the genus Homo appear, Homo Habilis in the fossil record. Diversification of conifers in high latitudes. The eventual ancestor of cattle, aurochs (Bos primigenus), evolves in India.

1.7 Ma
Extinction of australopithecines

1.2 Ma
Evolution of Homo antecessor. The last members of Paranthropus die out.

800 Ka
Short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) become abundant in North America

600 ka
Evolution of Homo heidelbergensis

350 ka
Evolution of Neanderthals

300 ka
Gigantopithecus, a giant relative of the orangutan from Asia dies out

250 ka
Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa.[65][66][67] Around 50,000 years before present they start colonising the other continents, replacing the Neanderthals in Europe and other hominins in Asia.

40 ka
The last of the giant monitor lizards (Varanus priscus) die out

30 ka
Extinction of Neanderthals, first domestic dogs

15 ka
The last woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) are believed to have gone extinct

11 ka
Short-faced bears vanish from North America, with the last giant ground sloths dying out. All Equidae become extinct in North America.

10 ka
The Holocene epoch starts 10,000[68] years ago after the Late Glacial Maximum. The last mainland species of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenus) die out, as does the last Smilodon species.

8 ka
The Giant Lemur died out

text: Historical extinctions[edit]

text:
Date
Event

6000 ya (c. 4000 BC)
Small populations of American mastodon die off in places like Utah and Michigan

4500 ya (c. 2500 BC)
The last members of a dwarf race of woolly mammoths vanish from Wrangel Island near Alaska

c. 600 ya (c. 1400)
The moa and its predator, Haast's eagle, die out in New Zealand

390 ya (1627)
The last recorded wild aurochs die out

329 ya (1688)
The dodo goes extinct

249 ya (1768)
The Steller's sea cow goes extinct

134 ya (1883)
The quagga, a subspecies of zebra, goes extinct

103 ya (1914)
Martha, last known passenger pigeon, dies

81 ya (1936)
The thylacine goes extinct in a Tasmanian zoo, the last member of the family Thylacinidae

65 ya (1952)
The Caribbean monk seal goes extinct[71]

9 ya (2008)
The baiji, the Yangtze river dolphin, becomes functionally extinct, according to the IUCN Red List[72]

6 ya (2011)
The western black rhinoceros is declared extinct


document_title: Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer

question_text: first singer to win the best playback singer filmfare award

text: Superlatives[edit]

text:
Superlative
Artist
Record

Most awards
Kishore Kumar
8

Most nominations
Kishore Kumar
27

Most consecutive wins
Kumar Sanu
5

Most decades
Udit Narayan
3

Most nominations without ever winning
Suresh Wadkar, KK
6

Most nominations in a single year
Kishore Kumar (1985)
4

Oldest winner
Kishore Kumar (1986)
57

Oldest nominee
Kishore Kumar (1986)
57

Youngest winner
Arijit Singh
23

Youngest nominee
Master Vignesh (2005)
11

text: Kishore Kumar won the award the maximum number of times 8 in this category, whereas Mohammad Rafi won it 6 times. Its a bit odd that during Kishore Kumar's popularity in the 1970s, he only managed to win 3 Filmfare awards for Best Male Playback Singer. Two singers: Kumar Sanu and Udit Narayan, have won the award five wins. Mukesh has won this award four times. Mahendra Kapoor and Arijit Singh have won it thrice. Four Singers have won the award twice; in chronological order, they are Sonu Nigam, Shaan, Sukhwinder Singh and Mohit Chauhan.

text: Kumar Sanu holds the record for most consecutive wins, winning all of his five awards from 1991 to 1995. Kishore Kumar won the award four times in a row from 1983 to 1986.

text: Two singers have achieved the feat of receiving all the nominations of this category in a particular year: Mohammed Rafi was the single nominee in 1969, having all the three nominations to his credit, while Kishore Kumar was the single nominee in 1985, having all the four nominations to his credit. Incidentally, Kishore Kumar's all nominated songs were from a single movie, Sharaabi.

text: Udit Narayan holds a unique record of receiving nominations in this category in 3 different decades and getting award in all 3 different decades. Himesh Reshammiya became the first music director to win this award in 2006.

text: Most Wins[edit]

text:
Winner
Number of wins
Years

Kishore Kumar
8
1970, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986

Mohammed Rafi
6
1961, 1962, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1978

Kumar Sanu
5
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995

Udit Narayan
5
1989, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2002

Mukesh
4
1960, 1971, 1973, 1977

Mahendra Kapoor
3
1964, 1968, 1975

Arijit Singh
3
2014, 2016, 2017

text: Multiple Nominees[edit]

text:
Singer
Number of Nominations
Number of wins

Kishore Kumar
27
8

Mohammed Rafi
21
6

Udit Narayan
20
5

Sonu Nigam
16
2

Mukesh
14
4

Kumar Sanu
12
5

Arijit Singh
7
3

Sukhwinder Singh
6
2

K K
6
0

Suresh Wadkar
6
0

Mahendra Kapoor
5
3

Shaan
5
2

Mohit Chauhan
5
2

Amit Kumar
5
1

Atif Aslam
5
0

Manna Dey
4
1

K. J. Yesudas
4
1

Abhijeet Bhattacharya
4
1

S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
4
1

Shabbir Kumar
4
0

Lucky Ali
3
1

Hariharan
3
0

Mohammed Aziz
2
0

Vinod Rathod
2
0

text: List of winners[edit]

text: Note: The category for Best Playback Singer was established in 1959, and until 1966 both male and female singers used to compete for a single award.

text: 1959 award won by a female singer

text:
1960 Mukesh – "Sab Kuch Seekha Humne" from Anari

Talat Mahmood – "Jalte Hain Jiske Liye" from Sujata

1961 Mohammed Rafi – "Chaudhvin Ka Chand" from Chaudhvin Ka Chand
1962 Mohammed Rafi – "Chashme Buddoor" from Sasural

Mohammed Rafi – "Husn Wale Tera" from Gharana
Mukesh – "Hothon Pe Sacchai" from Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai

1963 Award won by a female singer

Mohammed Rafi – "Ae Gulbadan" from Professor

1964 Mahendra Kapoor – "Chalo Ek Bar Phir Se" from Gumrah

Mohammed Rafi – "Mere Mehboob Tujhe" from Mere Mehboob

1965 Mohammed Rafi – "Chahunga Main Tujhe" from Dosti

Mukesh – "Dost Dost Na Raha" from Sangam

1966 Award won by a female singer

Mohammed Rafi – "Chho Lene Do" from Kaajal

1967 Mohammed Rafi – "Baharon Phool Barsao" from Suraj

text: Note: The category for Best Playback Singer is officially divided into two separate categores to acknowledge both male and female singers individually.

text:
1968 Mahendra Kapoor – "Neele Gagan Ke Tale" from Hamraaz

Mahendra Kapoor – "Mere Desh Ki Dharti" from Upkar
Mukesh – "Sawan Ka Mahina" from Milan

1969 Mohammed Rafi – "Dil Ke Jharoke Mein" from Brahmachari

Mohammed Rafi – "Babul Ki Duvayen" from Neel Kamal
Mohammed Rafi – "Main Gaoon Tum So Jao" from Brahmachari

text:
1970 Kishore Kumar – "Roop Tera Mastana" from Aradhana

Manna Dey – "Kaal Ka Paiya" from Chanda Aur Bijli
Mohammed Rafi – "Badi Mastani Hai" from Jeene Ki Raah

1971 Mukesh – "Sabse Bada Nadan" from Pehchan

Mohammed Rafi – "Khilona Jankar" from Khilona
Mukesh – "Bas Yehi Apradh" from Pehchan

1972 Manna Dey – "Ae Bhai Zara Dekh Ke Chalo" from Mera Naam Joker

Kishore Kumar – "Yeh Jo Mohabbat Hai" from Kati Patang
Kishore Kumar – "Zindagi Ek Safar Hai Suhana" from Andaz

1973 Mukesh – "Jai Bolo Be-Imaan Ki" from Be-Imaan

Kishore Kumar – "Chingari Koi Bhadke" from Amar Prem
Mukesh – "Ek Pyar Ka Nagma Hain" from Shor

1974 Narendra Chanchal – "Beshak Mandir Masjid" from Bobby

Kishore Kumar – "Mere Dil Mein Aaj" from Daag: A Poem of Love
Manna Dey – "Yaari Hai Imaan Mera" from Zanjeer
Mohammed Rafi – "Hum Ko Jaan Se Pyaari Hai" from Naina
Shailendra Singh – "Main Shayar To Nahin" from Bobby

1975 Mahendra Kapoor – "Aur Nahi Bus Aur Nahi" from Roti Kapda Aur Makaan

Kishore Kumar – "Gaadi Bula Rahi Hai" from Dost
Kishore Kumar – "Mera Jeevan Kora Kagaz" from Kora Kagaz
Mohammed Rafi – "Accha Hi Hua Dil Toot Gaya" from Maa Bahen Aur Biwi
Mukesh – "Main Na Bhooloonga" from Roti Kapda Aur Makaan

1976 Kishore Kumar – "Dil Aisa Kisi Ne" from Amanush

Kishore Kumar – "Main Pyaasa Tu Sawan" from Faraar
Kishore Kumar – "O Manjhi Re" from Khushboo
Manna Dey – "Kya Mar Sakegi" from Sanyasi
R. D. Burman – "Mehbooba O Mehbooba" from Sholay

1977 Mukesh (Posthumous) – "Kabhi Kabhie Mere Dil Mein" from Kabhi Kabhie

Mahendra Kapoor – "Sunke Teri Pukar" from Fakira
Mukesh (Posthumous) – "Ek Din Bik Jaayega" from Dharam Karam
Mukesh (Posthumous) – "Main Pal Do Pal Ka Shayar Hoon" from Kabhi Kabhie
K. J. Yesudas – "Gori Tera Gaon" from Chitchor

1978 Mohammed Rafi – "Kya Hua Tera Wada" from Hum Kisise Kum Naheen

Kishore Kumar – "Aap Ke Anurodh Se" from Anurodh
Mohammed Rafi – "Parda Hai Parda" from Amar Akbar Anthony
Mukesh (Posthumous) – "Suhaani Chandni" from Mukti (1977 film)
K. J. Yesudas – Ka Karoon Sajni Aye Na Baalam from Swami

1979 Kishore Kumar – "Khaike Paan Banaraswala" from Don

Kishore Kumar – "O Saathi Re" from Muqaddar Ka Sikandar
Kishore Kumar – "Hum Bewafa Harghiz Na" from Shalimar
Mohammed Rafi – "Aadmi Musafir Hai" from Apnapan
Mukesh (Posthumous) – "Chanchal Sheetal" from Satyam Shivam Sundaram

text:
1980 K. J. Yesudas – "Dil Ke Tukde Tukde" from Dada

Amitabh Bachchan – "Mere Pass Aao" from Mr. Natwarlal
K. J. Yesudas – "Sunayana In Nazaron Ko" from Sunayana
Kishore Kumar – "Ek Rasta Hai Zindagi" from Kaala Patthar
Mohammed Rafi – "Chalo Re Doli Uthao" from Jaani Dushman
Nitin Mukesh – "Aaja Re Mere Dilbar" from Noorie

1981 Kishore Kumar – "Hazaar Raahen Mud Ke Dekhi" from Thodisi Bewafaii

Kishore Kumar – "Om Shanti Om" from Karz
Mohammed Rafi (Posthumous) – "Dard-e-Dil" from Karz
Mohammed Rafi (Posthumous) – "Maine Puchha Chand Se" from Abdullah
Mohammed Rafi (Posthumous) – "Mere Dost Kissa" from Dostana

1982 Amit Kumar – "Yaad Aa Rahi Hai" from Love Story

Jagjit Singh – "Hothon Se Chhoo Lo Tum" from Prem Geet
Kishore Kumar – "Hamen Tum Se Pyaar Kitna" from Kudrat
Kishore Kumar – "Chhoo Kar Mere Man Ko" from Yaarana
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam – "Tere Mere Beech Mein" from Ek Duuje Ke Liye

1983 Kishore Kumar – "Pag Ghungroo Bandh" from Namak Halaal

Amit Kumar – "Yeh Zameen Gaa Rahi Hai" from Teri Kasam
Suresh Wadkar – "Meri Kismat Tu" from Prem Rog
Suresh Wadkar – "Mein Hoon Prem Rogi" from Prem Rog

1984 Kishore Kumar – "Agar Tum Na Hote" from Agar Tum Na Hote

Kishore Kumar – "Shayad Meri Shaadi" from Souten
Shabbir Kumar – "Jab Hum Jawaan Honge" from Betaab
Shabbir Kumar – "Parvaton Se Aaj Mein" from Betaab
Shabbir Kumar – "Yaad Teri Aayengi" from Ek Jaan Hai Hum

1985 Kishore Kumar – "Manzilein Apni Jagah Hain" from Sharaabi

Kishore Kumar – "De De Pyaar De" from Sharaabi
Kishore Kumar – "Inteha Ho Gayi" from Sharaabi
Kishore Kumar – "Log Kehte Hai" from Sharaabi

1986 Kishore Kumar – "Saagar Kinare" from Saagar

Shabbir Kumar – "Tum Se Milkar Na Jane Kyon" from Pyaar Jhukta Nahin
Suresh Wadkar – "Main Hi Main Hoon" from Ram Teri Ganga Maili

1987 – No award given
1988 – No award given
1989 Udit Narayan – "Papa Kehte Hain" from Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak

Amit Kumar – "Ek Do Teen" from Tezaab
Mohammed Aziz – "Dil Tera Kisne Toda" from Dayavan

text:
1990 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam – "Dil Deewana" from Maine Pyar Kiya

Amit Kumar – "Tirchhi Topiwale" from Tridev
Mohammed Aziz – "My Name Is Lakhan" from Ram Lakhan
Suresh Wadkar – "Lagi Aaj Sawan Ki" from Chandni

1991 Kumar Sanu – "Ab Tere Bin" from Aashiqui

Amit Kumar – "Kaisa Lagta Hai" from Baaghi: A Rebel for Love
Suresh Wadkar – "O Priya Priya" from Dil

1992 Kumar Sanu – "Mera Dil Bhi" from Saajan

Pankaj Udhas – "Jeeye To Jeeye" from Saajan
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam – "Tum Se Milne Ki Tamanna Hai" from Saajan
Sudesh Bhonsle – "Jumma Chumma" from Hum

1993 Kumar Sanu – "Sochenge Tumhe Pyaar" from Deewana

Udit Narayan – "Pehla Nasha" from Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar
Vinod Rathod – "Aisi Deewangi" from Deewana

1994 Kumar Sanu – "Yeh Kaali Kaali Aankhen" from Baazigar

Kumar Sanu – "Baazigar O Baazigar" from Baazigar
Udit Narayan – "Jaadu Teri Nazar" from Darr
Udit Narayan – "Phoolon Sa Chehra Tera" from Anari
Vinod Rathod – "Nayak Nahin Kahlnayak Hoon Main" from Khalnayak

1995 Kumar Sanu – "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha" from 1942: A Love Story

Abhijeet – "Ole Ole" from Yeh Dillagi
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam – "Hum Aapke Hain Koun" from Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!
Udit Narayan – "Tu Cheez Badi" from Mohra

1996 Udit Narayan – "Mehndi Laga Ke Rakhna" from Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge

Hariharan – "Dil Ne Dil Se" from Haqeeqat
Kumar Sanu – "Tujhe Dekha To" from Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge
Udit Narayan – "Raja Ko Rani Se Pyaar" from Akele Hum Akele Tum

1997 Udit Narayan – "Pardesi Pardesi" from Raja Hindustani

Abhijeet – "Yeh Teri Aankhen Jhuki Jhuki" from Fareb
Hariharan and Suresh Wadkar – "Chappa Chappa Charkha Chale" from Maachis
Udit Narayan – "Ghar Se Nikalte Hi" from Papa Kehte Hain
Udit Narayan – "Ho Nahi Sakta" from Diljale

1998 Abhijeet – "Main Koi Aisa Geet Gaaon" from Yes Boss

Hariharan – "I Love My India" from Pardes
Kumar Sanu – "Do Dil Mil Rahe Hain" from Pardes
Sonu Nigam and Roop Kumar Rathod – "Sandese Aate Hai" from Border
Udit Narayan – "Dil To Pagal Hai" from Dil To Pagal Hai

1999 Sukhwinder Singh – "Chaiyya Chaiyya" from Dil Se..

Aamir Khan – "Aati Kya Khandala" from Ghulam
Kamaal Khan – "O O Jaane Jaana" from Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya
Kumar Sanu – "Ladki Badi Anjaani Hai" from Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
Udit Narayan – "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai" from Kuch Kuch Hota Hai

text:
2000 Udit Narayan – "Chaand Chhupa" from Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam

KK – "Tadap Tadap Ke" from Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam
Kumar Sanu – "Aankhon Ki Gusthakiyaan" from Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam
Sonu Nigam – "Ishq Bina" from Taal
Sukhwinder Singh – "Ramta Jogi" from Taal

2001 Lucky Ali – "Naa Tum Jaano Naa Hum" from Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai

Lucky Ali – "Ek Pal Ka Jeena" from Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai
Sonu Nigam – "Tu Hawa Hai" from Fiza
Sonu Nigam – "Panchhi Nadiya Pawan Ke Jhonke" from Refugee
Udit Narayan – "Dil Ne Yeh Kaha Hain" from Dhadkan

2002 Udit Narayan – "Mitwa" from Lagaan

Adnan Sami – "Mehbooba Mehbooba" from Ajnabee
Shaan – "Koi Kahe Kehta Rahe" from Dil Chahta Hai
Sonu Nigam – "Suraj Hua Maddham" from Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...
Udit Narayan – "Ud jaa Kale Kawan" from Gadar: Ek Prem Katha

2003 Sonu Nigam – "Saathiya" from Saathiya

KK – "Bardaasht Nahin" from Humraaz
Kumar Sanu – "Sanam Mere Humraaz" from Humraaz
Lucky Ali – "Aa Bhi Jaa" from Sur – The Melody of Life
Shaan – "Nikamma Kiya Is Dil Ne" from Kyaa Dil Ne Kahaa

2004 Sonu Nigam – "Kal Ho Naa Ho" from Kal Ho Naa Ho

Kumar Sanu – "Kissi Se Tum Pyar Karo" from Andaaz
Abhijeet – "Suno Na" from Chalte Chalte
Udit Narayan – "Idhar Chala" from Koi... Mil Gaya
Udit Narayan – "Tere Naam" from Tere Naam

2005 Kunal Ganjawala – "Bheegey Honth Tere" from Murder

Sonu Nigam – "Do Pal" from Veer-Zaara
Sonu Nigam – "Main Hoon Na" from Main Hoon Na
Sonu Nigam – "Tumse Milkey Dil Ka" from Main Hoon Na
Udit Narayan – "Main Yahan Hoon" from Veer-Zaara
Udit Narayan and Master Vignesh – "Yeh Taara Woh Taara" from Swades

2006 Himesh Reshammiya – "Aashiq Banaya Aapne" from Aashiq Banaya Aapne

Atif Aslam – "Woh Lamhe" from Zeher
Sonu Nigam – "Dheere Jalna" from Paheli
Sonu Nigam – "Piyu Bole" from Parineeta
KK and Shaan – "Dus Bahane" from Dus

2007 Shaan and Kailash Kher – "Chand Sifarish" from Fanaa

Atif Aslam – "Tere Bin" from Bas Ek Pal
Himesh Reshammiya – "Jhalak Dikhlaja" from Aksar
Sonu Nigam – " Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna" from Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna
Zubeen Garg – "Ya Ali" from Gangster
KK - "Tu Hi Meri Shab Hai" from Gangster

2008 Shaan – "Jab Se Tere Naina" from Saawariya

A. R. Rahman – "Tere Bina" from Guru
KK – "Aankhon Mein Teri" from Om Shanti Om
Sonu Nigam – "Main Agar Kahoon" from Om Shanti Om
Sukhwinder Singh – "Chak De India" from Chak De! India

2009 Sukhwinder Singh – "Haule Haule" from Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

Farhan Akhtar – "Socha Hai" from Rock On!!
KK – "Khuda Jaane" from Bachna Ae Haseeno
KK – "Zara Si Dil Mein" from Jannat
Rashid Ali – "Kabhi Kabhi Aditi" from Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na
Sonu Nigam – "Inn Lamhon Ke Daaman Me" from Jodhaa Akbar

text:
2010 Mohit Chauhan – "Masakali" from Delhi-6

Atif Aslam – "Tu Jaane Na" from Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani
Javed Ali and Kailash Kher – "Arziyan" from Delhi-6
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan – "Aaj Din Chadheya" from Love Aaj Kal
Sonu Nigam and Salim Merchant – "Shukran Allah" from Kurbaan
Sukhwinder Singh and Vishal Dadlani – "Dhan Te Nan" from Kaminey

2011 Rahat Fateh Ali Khan – "Dil Toh Bachcha Hai Ji" from Ishqiya

Adnan Sami and Shankar Mahadevan – "Noor-e-Khuda" from My Name Is Khan
Mohit Chauhan – "Pee Loon" from Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan – "Sajda" from My Name Is Khan
Shafqat Amanat Ali – "Bin Tere" from I Hate Luv Storys

2012 Mohit Chauhan – "Jo Bhi Main" from Rockstar

Akon and Vishal Dadlani – "Chammak Challo" from Ra.One
Mohit Chauhan – "Saadda Haq" from Rockstar
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan – "Teri Meri" from Bodyguard
Shafqat Amanat Ali – "Dildaara" from Ra.One

2013 Ayushmann Khurrana - "Pani Da Rang" from Vicky Donor

Mohit Chauhan – "Barfi" from Barfi!
Nikhil Paul George – "Main Kya Karoon" from Barfi!
Rabbi Shergill – "Challa" from Jab Tak Hai Jaan
Sonu Nigam – "Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin" from Agneepath

2014 Arijit Singh – "Tum Hi Ho" from Aashiqui 2

Amit Trivedi – "Manja" from Kai Po Che!
Ankit Tiwari – "Sunn Raha Hai" from Aashiqui 2
Benny Dayal – "Badtameez Dil" from Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani
Siddharth Mahadevan – "Zinda" from Bhaag Milkha Bhaag

2015 Ankit Tiwari - "Galliyan" from Ek Villain

Benny Dayal - "Locha-e-Ulfat" from 2 States
Arijit Singh - "Mast Magan" from 2 States
Arijit Singh - "Suno Na Sangemarmar" from Youngistaan
Shekhar Ravjiani - "Zehnaseeb" from Hasee Toh Phasee

2016 Arijit Singh - "Sooraj Dooba Hain" from Roy

Ankit Tiwari - "Tu Hai Ke Nahi" from Roy
Arijit Singh - "Gerua" from Dilwale
Atif Aslam - "Jeena Jeena" from Badlapur
Vishal Dadlani – "Gulaabo" from Shaandaar
Papon from "Moh Moh Ke Dhaage" from Dum Laga Ke Haisha

2017 Arijit Singh - "Ae Dil Hai Mushkil" from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil

Amit Mishra - "Bulleya" from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
Arijit Singh - "Channa Mereya" from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
Atif Aslam - "Tere Sang Yaara" from Rustom
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan - "Jag Ghoomeya" from Sultan


document_title: List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason streaks

question_text: who has won the most consecutive world series

text: World Series championship streaks[edit]

text:
Length
Team
Seasons

5
New York Yankees
1949–1953

4
New York Yankees
1936–1939

3
Oakland Athletics
1972–1974

3
New York Yankees
1998–2000

2
Chicago Cubs
1907–1908

2
Philadelphia Athletics
1910–1911

2
Boston Red Sox
1915–1916

2
New York Giants
1921–1922

2
New York Yankees
1927–1928

2
Philadelphia Athletics
1929–1930

2
New York Yankees
1961–1962

2
Cincinnati Reds
1975–1976

2
New York Yankees
1977–1978

2
Toronto Blue Jays
1992–1993

text: Near streaks: Runs during which a franchise won World Series championships at least 70% of the time, with gaps of no more than one year:

text:
Length
Team
Seasons

6 of 7
New York Yankees
1947, 1949–1953

6 of 8
New York Yankees
1936–1939, 1941, 1943

4 of 5
New York Yankees
1996, 1998–2000

3 of 4
Philadelphia Athletics
1910–1911, 1913

3 of 4
Boston Red Sox
1915–1916, 1918

text: World Series appearance (pennant) streaks[edit]

text:
Length
Team
Seasons

5
New York Yankees
1949–1953

5
New York Yankees
1960–1964

4
New York Giants
1921–1924

4
New York Yankees
1936–1939

4
New York Yankees
1955–1958

4
New York Yankees
1998–2001

3
Chicago Cubs
1906–1908

3
Detroit Tigers
1907–1909

3
New York Giants
1911–1913

3
New York Yankees
1921–1923

3
New York Yankees
1926–1928

3
Philadelphia Athletics
1929–1931

3
New York Yankees
1941–1943

3
St. Louis Cardinals
1942–1944

3
Baltimore Orioles
1969–1971

3
Oakland Athletics
1972–1974

3
New York Yankees
1976–1978

3
Oakland Athletics
1988–1990

2
Philadelphia Athletics
1910–1911

2
Philadelphia Athletics
1913–1914

2
Boston Red Sox
1915–1916

2
Washington Senators
1924–1925

2
St. Louis Cardinals
1930–1931

2
Detroit Tigers
1934–1935

2
New York Giants
1936–1937

2
Cincinnati Reds
1939–1940

2
Brooklyn Dodgers
1952–1953

2
Brooklyn Dodgers
1955–1956

2
Milwaukee Braves
1957–1958

2
Los Angeles Dodgers
1965–1966

2
St. Louis Cardinals
1967–1968

2
Cincinnati Reds
1975–1976

2
Los Angeles Dodgers
1977–1978

2
Atlanta Braves
1991–1992

2
Toronto Blue Jays
1992–1993

2
Atlanta Braves
1995–1996

2
Philadelphia Phillies
2008–2009

2
Texas Rangers
2010–2011

2
Kansas City Royals
2014–2015

text: Near streaks: Runs during which a franchise won its league pennant at least 70% of the time, with gaps of no more than one year:

text:
Length
Team
Seasons

15 of 18
New York Yankees
1947, 1949–1953, 1955–1958, 1960–1964

7 of 8
New York Yankees
1936–1939, 1941–1943

6 of 8
New York Yankees
1996, 1998–2001, 2003

4 of 5
Chicago Cubs
1906–1908, 1910

4 of 5
Philadelphia Athletics
1910–1911, 1913–1914

4 of 5
St. Louis Cardinals
1942–1944, 1946

4 of 5
Brooklyn Dodgers
1952–1953, 1955–1956

4 of 5
Atlanta Braves
1991–1992*, 1995–1996

3 of 4
Boston Red Sox
1915–1916, 1918

3 of 4
St. Louis Cardinals
1928, 1930–1931

3 of 4
Los Angeles Dodgers
1963, 1965–1966

text: * Because the 1994 playoffs were cancelled, the year 1994 is not counted as either a part or an interruption of any streak.

text: League Championship Series appearance streaks[edit]

text:
Length
Team
Seasons

8
Atlanta Braves
1991–1993*, 1995–1999

5
Oakland Athletics
1971–1975

4
New York Yankees
1998–2001

4
St. Louis Cardinals
2011–2014

3
Baltimore Orioles
1969–1971

3
Pittsburgh Pirates
1970–1972

3
Kansas City Royals
1976–1978

3
New York Yankees
1976–1978

3
Philadelphia Phillies
1976–1978

3
Oakland Athletics
1988–1990

3
Pittsburgh Pirates
1990–1992

3
Toronto Blue Jays
1991–1993

3
St. Louis Cardinals
2004–2006

3
Philadelphia Phillies
2008–2010

3
Detroit Tigers
2011–2013

2
Minnesota Twins
1969–1970

2
Cincinnati Reds
1972–1973

2
Baltimore Orioles
1973–1974

2
Pittsburgh Pirates
1974–1975

2
Cincinnati Reds
1975–1976

2
Los Angeles Dodgers
1977–1978

2
New York Yankees
1980–1981

2
Kansas City Royals
1984–1985

2
Baltimore Orioles
1996–1997

2
Cleveland Indians
1997–1998

2
New York Mets
1999–2000

2
Seattle Mariners
2000–2001

2
Boston Red Sox
2003–2004

2
New York Yankees
2003–2004

2
Houston Astros
2004–2005

2
Boston Red Sox
2007–2008

2
Los Angeles Dodgers
2008–2009

2
New York Yankees
2009–2010

2
Texas Rangers
2010–2011

2
Kansas City Royals
2014–2015

2
Chicago Cubs
2015–2016

2
Toronto Blue Jays
2015–2016

text: Near streaks: Runs during which a franchise appeared in its league championship series at least 70% of the time, with gaps of no more than one year:

text:
Length
Team
Seasons

9 of 10
Atlanta Braves
1991–1993*, 1995–1999, 2001

7 of 9
New York Yankees
1996, 1998–2001, 2003–2004

5 of 6
Baltimore Orioles
1969–1971, 1973–1974

5 of 6
Pittsburgh Pirates
1970–1972, 1974–1975

5 of 6
New York Yankees
1976–1978, 1980–1981

5 of 7
Cincinnati Reds
1970, 1972–1973, 1975–1976

5 of 7
St. Louis Cardinals
2000, 2002, 2004–2006

4 of 5
Kansas City Royals
1976–1978, 1980

4 of 5
Philadelphia Phillies
1976–1978, 1980

4 of 5
Oakland Athletics
1988–1990, 1992

4 of 5
Toronto Blue Jays
1989, 1991–1993

3 of 4
Cleveland Indians
1995, 1997–1998

3 of 4
New York Yankees
2009–2010, 2012

text: Postseason appearance streaks[edit]

text: Bold indicates a current streak.

text:
Length
Team
Seasons

14
Atlanta Braves
1991–1993*, 1995–2005

13
New York Yankees
1995–2007

5
New York Yankees
1949–1953

5
New York Yankees
1960–1964

5
Oakland Athletics
1971–1975

5
Cleveland Indians
1995–1999

5
Philadelphia Phillies
2007–2011

5
St. Louis Cardinals
2011–2015

5
Los Angeles Dodgers
2013–2017

4
New York Giants
1921–1924

4
New York Yankees
1936–1939

4
New York Yankees
1955–1958

4
Oakland Athletics
2000–2003

4
New York Yankees
2009–2012

4
Detroit Tigers
2011–2014

3
Chicago Cubs
1906–1908

3
Detroit Tigers
1907–1909

3
New York Giants
1911–1913

3
New York Yankees
1921–1923

3
New York Yankees
1926–1928

3
Philadelphia Athletics
1929–1931

3
New York Yankees
1941–1943

3
St. Louis Cardinals
1942–1944

3
Baltimore Orioles
1969–1971

3
Pittsburgh Pirates
1970–1972

3
Kansas City Royals
1976–1978

3
New York Yankees
1976–1978

3
Philadelphia Phillies
1976–1978

3
Oakland Athletics
1988–1990

3
Pittsburgh Pirates
1990–1992

3
Toronto Blue Jays
1991–1993

3
Houston Astros
1997–1999

3
St. Louis Cardinals
2000–2002

3
Minnesota Twins
2002–2004

3
Boston Red Sox
2003–2005

3
St. Louis Cardinals
2004–2006

3
Boston Red Sox
2007–2009

3
Los Angeles Angels
2007–2009

3
Texas Rangers
2010–2012

3
Oakland Athletics
2012–2014

3
Pittsburgh Pirates
2013–2015

2
Philadelphia Athletics
1910–1911

2
Philadelphia Athletics
1913–1914

2
Boston Red Sox
1915–1916

2
Washington Senators
1924–1925

2
St. Louis Cardinals
1930–1931

2
Detroit Tigers
1934–1935

2
New York Giants
1936–1937

2
Cincinnati Reds
1939–1940

2
Brooklyn Dodgers
1952–1953

2
Brooklyn Dodgers
1955–1956

2
Milwaukee Braves
1957–1958

2
Los Angeles Dodgers
1965–1966

2
St. Louis Cardinals
1967–1968

2
Minnesota Twins
1969–1970

2
Cincinnati Reds
1972–1973

2
Baltimore Orioles
1973–1974

2
Pittsburgh Pirates
1974–1975

2
Cincinnati Reds
1975–1976

2
Los Angeles Dodgers
1977–1978

2
Houston Astros
1980–1981

2
Kansas City Royals
1980–1981

2
Philadelphia Phillies
1980–1981

2
New York Yankees
1980–1981

2
Milwaukee Brewers
1981–1982

2
Kansas City Royals
1984–1985

2
Los Angeles Dodgers
1995–1996

2
Baltimore Orioles
1996–1997

2
Boston Red Sox
1998–1999

2
Texas Rangers
1998–1999

2
New York Mets
1999–2000

2
Seattle Mariners
2000–2001

2
Arizona Diamondbacks
2001–2002

2
San Francisco Giants
2002–2003

2
Anaheim/Los Angeles Angels
2004–2005

2
Houston Astros
2004–2005

2
San Diego Padres
2005–2006

2
Chicago Cubs
2007–2008

2
Los Angeles Dodgers
2008–2009

2
Minnesota Twins
2009–2010

2
Tampa Bay Rays
2010–2011

2
Atlanta Braves
2012–2013

2
Cincinnati Reds
2012–2013

2
Kansas City Royals
2014–2015

2
Chicago Cubs
2015–2016

2
New York Mets
2015–2016

2
Texas Rangers
2015–2016

2
Toronto Blue Jays
2015–2016

2
Washington Nationals
2016–2017

text: Near streaks: Runs during which a franchise appeared in the postseason at least 70% of the time, with gaps of no more than one year:

text:
Length
Team
Seasons

17 of 18
New York Yankees
1995–2007, 2009–2012

15 of 18
New York Yankees
1947, 1949–1953, 1955–1958, 1960–1964

7 of 8
New York Yankees
1936–1939, 1941–1943

6 of 7
Cleveland Indians
1995–1999, 2001

6 of 7
St. Louis Cardinals
2000–2002, 2004–2006

6 of 7
Boston Red Sox
2003–2005, 2007–2009

6 of 7
St. Louis Cardinals
2009, 2011–2015

6 of 8
Philadelphia Phillies
1976–1978, 1980–1981, 1983

6 of 8
Anaheim/Los Angeles Angels
2002, 2004–2005, 2007–2009

5 of 6
Baltimore Orioles
1969–1971, 1973–1974

5 of 6
Pittsburgh Pirates
1970–1972, 1974–1975

5 of 6
Kansas City Royals
1976–1978, 1980–1981

5 of 6
New York Yankees
1976–1978, 1980–1981

5 of 7
Cincinnati Reds
1970, 1972–1973, 1975–1976

4 of 5
Chicago Cubs
1906–1908, 1910

4 of 5
Philadelphia Athletics
1910–1911, 1913–1914

4 of 5
St. Louis Cardinals
1942–1944, 1946

4 of 5
Brooklyn Dodgers
1952–1953, 1955–1956

4 of 5
Oakland Athletics
1988–1990, 1992

4 of 5
Toronto Blue Jays
1989, 1991–1993

4 of 5
Houston Astros
1997–1999, 2001

4 of 5
Minnesota Twins
2002–2004, 2006

4 of 6
Tampa Bay Rays
2008, 2010–2011, 2013

3 of 4
Boston Red Sox
1915–1916, 1918

3 of 4
St. Louis Cardinals
1928, 1930–1931

3 of 4
Los Angeles Dodgers
1963, 1965–1966

3 of 4
Texas Rangers
1996, 1998–1999

3 of 4
Arizona Diamondbacks
1999, 2001–2002

3 of 4
San Francisco Giants
2000, 2002–2003

3 of 4
Los Angeles Dodgers
2006, 2008–2009