document_title: List of The Boondocks characters

question_text: who did regina king play in the boondocks

text: List of The Boondocks characters

text: Main fictional characters[edit]

text: The Freeman family[edit]

text: Huey Freeman[edit]

text: Huey Freeman (voiced by Regina King) is a young, leftist, radical Black revolutionary and retired domestic terrorist. He is a practicing and near master practitioner of Chinese martial arts, as seen in the episodes "Let's Nab Oprah", "Attack of the Killer Kung Fu Wolf Bitch", "Stinkmeaner 3: The Hateocracy", and "...Or Die Trying". He maintains an austere, yet strangely loving relationship with his brother Riley, and has shown the willingness to go out of his way to prevent his brother from succumbing to bad influences (occasionally giving him some "tough love"). Over the course of the comic strip and television series, Huey retains a sober demeanor, tending not to let his countenance relay his mood. During most episodes, Huey takes on the role of narrator, and it is often only through his narration that his thoughts and emotions are revealed. In the comic strip, Huey's best friend was Michael Caesar, who effectively balanced out Huey's pessimistic world outlook with his upbeat personality and temperament. The role he played in Huey's life has been taken up by his neighbor Jazmine Dubois in the television series. Unlike Caesar, Jazmine tries to balance Huey's demeanour with a childlike, naive innocence, which often leads to Huey having to resolve a situation where Jazmine is being taken advantage of.

text: Riley Freeman[edit]

text: Riley Freeman (voiced by Regina King) is Huey's younger brother. Riley could be described as a product of mass media influence, in that he refers to women as "bitches" or "hoes", frequently alludes to his "rep" and his status on the "streets", and idolizes gangsta rappers and their lifestyle. He often refers to himself as self-appointed moniker "Young Reezy". Though he would seem to be everything his brother is not, he has demonstrated his ability to rationalize and plan things out, such as when he planned his "fund raiser" and when he rendered attorney Tom Dubois speechless after debating with him regarding the R. Kelly trial in "The Trial of R. Kelly". "Damn, you just got beat by an eight year-old." which Huey remarked. His criminal aptitude is put to the test when he goes on some crime sprees with the incompetent Ed Wuncler III and Gin Rummy in the episode "Let's Nab Oprah" during which he effectively acts as the brains behind the operation to kidnap Oprah. Riley can be seen as representative of the misguided Black youth. He has a fascination for firearms, and his tendency for violence is displayed time and time again. At Christmas, he declared himself "The Santa Stalker" and attacked the Santa at the local mall with airsoft Glock 17s, hitting many innocent bystanders. Riley does not own any real firearms and has only been seen owning Airsoft-style guns—a Glock 17 and an MP5K—but he pals around with Ed Wuncler III and Gin Rummy, who have on occasion granted him access to real weapons. He also seems to possess unusually large amount of strength and stamina, as seen when he fights his brother Huey, who is a very high degree martial artist and swordsman. It can also be seen when he fights Stinkmeaner alongside his family where, albeit slow, his blows seem to be worth blocking against a kung-fu trained Stinkmeaner. Indeed, though, beyond this tough-guy facade, there would seem to be some measure of sensitivity that is especially apparent in the episode "Riley Wuz Here" during which he learns to use his incredible artistic abilities to create art for the sake of creating art, and not for personal glory.

text: Robert Freeman[edit]

text: Robert Jebediah "Granddad" Freeman (voiced by John Witherspoon), is the paternal grandfather and legal guardian of Huey and Riley who lives in a peaceful environment in Woodcrest while he tries to enjoy his retirement. Robert has witness to many major incidents in American history. He was a part of the civil rights movement, but was prone to certain faux pas such as donning a raincoat in preparation for getting doused by a police fire hose. Robert was also a fighter pilot in World War II, during which time he flew a P-51 Mustang with the Tuskegee Airmen. He was also a part of the Montgomery bus boycott, even sitting next to Rosa Parks, though she received all the credit for refusing to give up her seat while he, having actually refused before her and much to his chagrin, received none. This also brings Robert's age into question, since in order to have been in World War II and in the civil rights movement he claims to have been in (while making his relative stamina and cartoonish actions realistic), he would be between 87 (the minimum age of World War II participants of 1945) and 100 years old today. Granddad occasionally serves as a more pragmatic voice of reason. Though he has expressed his embarrassment over Huey and Riley, his primary motivation is to advance his family's best interest. This is where he most often finds himself at odds with his grandsons. Huey and Riley, though possessing contrasting personalities, tend not to act in a manner in line with their grandfather's desire for simplistic living. Riley gets in trouble a lot and Huey always has his eye on some bigger picture. He does not hesitate to use corporal punishment when necessary, wielding his belt with great dexterity for this purpose. Although it is never directly explained how Robert came to be Huey and Riley's guardian, it is implied that Huey and Riley's biological parents are deceased.

text: Secondary fictional characters[edit]

text: The DuBois family[edit]

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Thomas Lancaster DuBois (voiced by Cedric Yarbrough) – Tom DuBois is the Freemans' wimpy, geeky across-the street neighbor who works as an attorney. He is an African-American, whose character is a stereotype of a successful white-collar middle-class black man. Skittish and easily frightened, Tom adheres strictly to the law because of his virgivitiphobia, the fear of being anally raped in prison, as Huey's narration explains in "A Date With The Health Inspector": a flashback shows 10-year-old Tom being terrified by a prison movie he's watching on TV; from then on, he refuses even the slightest legal infractions ("But what if we get caught? We'll get arrested and anally raped!"). Huey mentions that Tom's job as a prosecutor sends other Black men to the very fate he most fears. He also played basketball in college. His character can be interpreted as an "Uncle Tom" as he is seen as having turned his back on his Black heritage (however genealogical testing shows him as being 32.5% Scottish) to marry a white woman (Sarah), producing a mixed-race child (Jazmine), and becoming a criminal prosecutor who often convicts Black people. But in line with the show's complexity, the name "Dubois" may be an homage to W. E. B. Du Bois, thus putting his character in a state of conflict. For example, in one episode the neighborhood watch was convinced of the Freeman family's guilt in a string of local break-ins due to their reluctance to speak to the police, and Tom, rather than acquiescing, confronted the neighborhood watch with the ridiculous nature of their accusations. Tom was at one point the unwilling vessel for Stinkmeaner after Stinkmeaner's escape from Hell; however, Stinkmeaner was eventually exorcised which returned Tom to normal. Various episodes depict Tom as a supporter of LGBT rights, gun control (or at least proper gun registration), and protection of Intellectual property.
Sarah DuBois (voiced by Jill Talley) – Sarah is Tom's white wife. She is very comfortable about their interracial marriage even when Tom is mocked for it in "The Trial of R. Kelly". She even jokingly said to Tom, "I told you about messin' with them white women". Sarah and her daughter are Usher fans, which makes Tom jealous. Several episodes imply that Sarah is sexually frustrated when Tom's jealousy over Usher forced Sarah to throw him out of the house.
Jazmine DuBois (voiced by Gabby Soleil for first 3 seasons, Kiarah Pollas for season 4) – Jazmine DuBois is Tom and Sarah's biracial daughter. She can be extremely paranoid and a bit naive, making her an object of ridicule for Riley. Jazmine was shocked by both the September 11 attacks (and hid in her room for two years as a result in the comic strip) and finding out that the tooth fairy is not real. She is a strong believer in Santa Claus, viewing him as the true meaning of Christmas to the point where she dreams of preaching the gospel of Santa to the masses. Huey can sometimes be cold toward her and this is shown through her constantly following him around. She first appears in the episode "The Trial of R. Kelly".

text: Other major fictional characters[edit]

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Uncle Ruckus (voiced by Gary Anthony Williams) – Uncle Ruckus is the main antagonist. Overweight with a grotesque appearance and a glass eye (it is also implied that he may possibly be senile), he idolizes old black-slave culture. Ruckus is self-hating, disassociating himself from his African-American heritage as best he can, and hates all non-white people.[1] His greatest wish is that black people were still enslaved, because he believes that they were better off. His name draws on the character Uncle Remus, the fabled raconteur from African-American folktales like Song of the South. His views of black people align with the views of white racists. He claims to be white by stating he has a mythical disease called "re-vitiligo" ("It's the opposite of what Michael Jackson's got, lucky bastard" he always retorts). The episode "The Garden Party" strongly evidences his hatred of black people to the point that when Riley, Huey and Granddad arrive he exclaims, in an ignorant misuse of the hospital emergency codes system, "We have a 'code black' at the main gate". During that episode, Ruckus performs an impromptu song entitled "Don't Trust Them New Niggas Over There." Not only is Uncle Ruckus racist toward blacks, but he seems to be a white supremacist and an extreme racist which is strongly shown in "The Red Ball", where he claims that Ed Wuncler Sr.'s "White leadership" helped the team win the game and refers to a Chinese man as a "yellow nigga". Ironically, he is the show's darkest-skinned character. His character is a hyperbolic parody of the self-hating black man. However, as much as he may hate black culture, other episodes show him socializing with the Freemans. In "…Or Die Trying", he demonstrates a mastery of the nunchaku and hand-to-hand combat. In "The Uncle Ruckus Reality Show", he is horrified to learn via a DNA test that he is 102% African with a 2% margin of error. The knowledge of his true heritage causes him to quit all of his jobs (he is seen in a variety of service jobs in the show) and adopt other behaviors that conform with his racist views. Later in the episode he is shown false documents stating that he is 52% white after the executives in charge of the show become upset over the plummet in ratings that Ruckus' behavior caused. He is told the original results were performed by a black doctor and were erroneous. In "The Color Ruckus," his childhood and possible reason for his hatred towards black people was revealed. He was subject to frequent physical abuse from his drunken father, Mister Ruckus, and raised with the belief of his re-vitiligo and white man history by his loving mother, Bunny Ruckus. Although Mister would later state that he was really an accidental birth and his skin condition was a deluded hoax, Ruckus would still retain the belief that he was adopted and originally white. In "Good Times," Uncle Ruckus started his campaign to run for mayor.
Edward "Ed" Rothschild Wuncler Sr. (voiced by Edward Asner) – Ed Wuncler Sr. is an overweight, rich realtor who is the father of Ed Wuncler Jr. and the grandfather of Ed Wuncler III. His family founded the town of Woodcrest and have lived in the area for over a century. His last name draws on the character “the Once-ler” from Dr. Seuss's book The Lorax. Like his namesake, Wuncler acts as the hyperbolic archetypal capitalist. He praises the freedom to exploit cheap labor and complains about high taxes in "The Block is Hot". The wealthy Wuncler owns the loan on Granddad's house (as he does with every house in Woodcrest) and somehow Woodcrest's police force, and is embarrassed by Ed Wuncler III. Wuncler sometimes does things considered racist such as referring to Grandad as "Robert Freedman", and employing only illegal Mexicans at his restaurants. Ultimately, though, his racism is implied as simply being a byproduct of his insatiable greed rather than an active hatred of those from different races. Ed seems to have taken a general liking to Robert, referring to him as "old school", and even funding his soul food Restaurant venture in the episode "The Itis", though this may have merely been part of an elaborate scheme to lower property values in the area so that he could purchase the nearby park and "develop" it. Along with this, he owns a fast food restaurant called "McWuncler", a parody of McDonald's as seen in the episode "Return of the King". He also has a sweatshop which is run by 12-year-old Indonesian girls as Huey reveals and Ed confirms in "The Block is Hot", demonstrating his ruthless manner. It appears that Wuncler's pettiness and self-serving nature knows no bounds, as in the episode "The Red Ball," he admits to orchestrating an elaborate hoax in order to emotionally traumatize Huey into never playing kick-ball again, by convincing Huey that he was responsible for giving a young girl a "...permanent, severe limp..." during a friendly kick-ball game, simply to make sure Huey would never challenge Wuncler's own undefeated kick-ball team in future competition. In the season 3 finale, "It's Goin' Down," Ed masterminds a false terrorist attack in Woodcrest, with the intention of making the lone victim (an overweight security guard) a national martyr and cultural icon, and then exploit his likeness for profit including a film that would star Jack Black. The plot is foiled by Huey and a government agent named Jack Flowers, but Ed avoids arrest thanks to the intervention of President Barack Obama (who called up Jack Flowers). In the final minutes of the episode, an angry Flowers takes Ed's grandson hostage, and he responds by smiling and saying "What are you waiting for? Shoot him!"
Edward "Ed" Wuncler Jr. (voiced by Sam McMurray) – Ed Wuncler Jr. is the son of Ed Wuncler Sr., immoral like his father with an apparent code of conduct akin to the mafia as he is not above committing acts of violence. Wuncler Jr. first appears in Season 4 to seemingly help Robert with his money trouble in "Good Times", only to have the Freeman family in even worse conditions and in debt to him. Soon after, Wuncler Jr. has the Freemans and other people indebted to him work in the his Freedomland amusement park as slaves. But Huey stages a revolt and the amusement park closes soon after.
Edwin "Ed" Wuncler III (voiced by Charlie Murphy) – Ed Wuncler III is the grandson of Ed Wuncler Sr. and the son of Ed Wuncler Jr. Ed Wuncler III is a drunken, psychopathic, trigger-happy ex-special forces soldier freshly discharged from active duty in Iraq. His character could be seen as a parody of a young George W. Bush, painted in broad strokes — a figure destined to be president on the strength of his family's wealth and power, despite his sub-average intelligence (as referenced at the end of "The Garden Party", where his grandfather says, "In 30 years, that boy will be President of the United States... and he'll still be a fucking idiot!"). His personality and physical appearance are strikingly similar to rapper Eminem (especially his Slim Shady persona). He reveals that while in Iraq, he defecated in his pants out of fear so many times that the smell compromised his unit's position; he was not allowed to go on patrol as a result. Ed's bling includes a large medallion in the shape of the letter W, and he frequently wears a bulletproof vest. Although he is set to inherit an enormous fortune, he insists upon living a life of poorly executed crime, usually on behalf of his grandfather's business interests or as personal favors to Riley Freeman. He seems to have trouble distinguishing targets; as he has repeatedly kidnapped or attempted to murder the wrong person. Ed III and his friend, Gin Rummy, get away with their misguided and comically inept criminal antics because Ed Wuncler Sr. has the police and everyone else in the city on his payroll, and because his status as a member of the U. S. Armed Forces confers the public image of a hero no matter how immoral his actions may be, while Gin Rummy often argues that their escapes are the result of his being a master planner. For example, the pair go unpunished when staging a poorly executed bank robbery; Ed and Rummy are seen as heroes when they rob a convenience store owned by a person of "terrorist descent" after an unexpected shootout ensues; in attempting to kidnap Oprah Winfrey, they mistakenly abduct Maya Angelou, then Bill Cosby instead. Ed's signature line is "'The fuck y'all looking at?"
Gin Rummy (voiced by Samuel L. Jackson) – Gin Rummy is a former special forces soldier and Ed Wuncler III's best friend. The character is apparently intended as a parody of Donald Rumsfeld by similarities in name, appearance, and use of actual quotes. His last name, "Rummy," matches the nickname given to Rumsfeld that was often spoken by President George W. Bush. Even though he is shown to be more intelligent than his best friend, he shares the same homicidal tendencies. His name is also a reference to the card game Gin rummy. When someone challenges his poor criminal planning, claiming they only get away because no one comes after them, he defends himself by claiming just because they do not know no one comes after them does not mean there is not anyone coming after them, asserting that "the absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence" (parodying the claims of Bush and Rumsfeld regarding Saddam Hussein's supposed weapons of mass destruction in Iraq) in reference to the assertion that no one ever comes after them or by insisting that he could not plan for "unknown unknowns". In every episode he appears in, he complains about modern technology, from Bluetooth headsets to the iPhone. Gin Rummy considers himself a patriot and will do whatever it takes to bring the "Fugitives of Justice" their due; a behavior that mirrors most American militiamen. Though never implied, he is probably individually wealthy, unlike Ed who is an inheritor. He first appears in the episode "A Date With The Health Inspector". His style of speaking often parodies Samuel L. Jackson's character Jules Winnfield from Pulp Fiction. In many episodes Rummy drives a black Cadillac Escalade.
Otis Jenkins (voiced by series producer Carl Jones) – Otis Jenkins is a once-famous rapper named Thugnificent and Riley's most recent idol. Thugnificent hails from the fictional town of Terra-Belle, Georgia. He is loud-mouthed and sports afro puffs similar to those worn by the rapper Ludacris. His narcissism is unmatched, epitomized by the ubiquitous statues of himself, designed to mirror Ancient Greek gods in their style and pose, that adorn his white-and-gold mansion, as well as by a painting depicting himself standing above Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G.. Soon after moving into the neighborhood, he begins a rivalry with Robert and later initiates Riley into his entourage, the "Lethal Interjection Crew," consisting of himself, fellow rappers Macktastic and Flonominal, whom he met through his record label, and "other niggas [he's] known his whole life". Despite his less-than-attractive traits, Thugnificent does attempt to be a good neighbor by asking for permission to throw his loud parties and encouraging face-to-face communication within the neighborhood, and is fairly friendly with most other neighborhood citizens. In the episode "The Fried Chicken Flu" he is even seen saving the family from Uncle Ruckus and Mrs. Von Hueson, after Robert kicked him out of the house. In "Bitches To Rags" it is revealed that Thugnificent has a bachelor's degree in Communications. "Bitches To Rags" also reveals that Thugnificent's record sales and popularity have been in sharp decline; by the end of the episode his home is foreclosed and his belongings auctioned to pay his debts. Relinquishing his stage name, Otis thus begins a new career as a delivery man and cuts his hair (all the while hoping for a reality show to save him from "real work"). His catchphrase is "Eat a Dick!!". He is a marijuana aficionado; being a firm critic of the Pharmaceutical industry, he admits he doesn't consume any medications over the counter or prescribed.
Leonard (voiced by DeRay Davis) is Thugnificent's dim yet well-meaning friend and member of Thugnificent's Lethal Interjection Crew. Although Leonard was treated as a second-class member of the Lethal Interjection Crew—mostly due to his penchant for being socially awkward—he is the only member of the crew to stick with Thugnificent when he lost all of his money. While he is shown to be slow and a bit of a buffoon (Believing that Buffalo Wings are made from Buffalo), he is also shown to be more thoughtful, generous and loyal than most characters on the show. In the third season he is almost always shown in his Wendy's uniform, the job he took after Lethal Interjection disbanded.

text: Real life characters[edit]

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Martin Luther King Jr. (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) – In this show, Martin Luther King Jr. did not die from being shot. Instead, he ended up in a coma that lasted for forty years. He came out of his coma in "Return of the King" following the events of 9/11.
Sway Calloway (voiced by himself) – Sway is the MTV News reporter who first appears in "The Story of Gangstalicious" narrating the documentary "Gangstalicious: Resurrection" and then the breaking news. He last appears in "The Story of Thugnificent" narrating the documentary "Thugnificent: Rags to Bitches." He also appears in shinin' reporting Riley's chain getting stolen.
Bill Cosby (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) – Bill Cosby is played as a barely intelligible cynic who complains endlessly about the poor manners of young people. Ed and Rummy kidnap him in "Let's Nab Oprah," but return him almost immediately as they find him too annoying.
Xzibit (voiced by himself) – Xzibit pimps the Freemans' car Dorothy as a result of one of Riley's scams, and makes a short appearance in the second season when Granddad asks him to assist with a diss rap.
Ghostface Killah (voiced by himself) – Ghostface Killah appears to Huey as a ghost (despite not being actually dead) and advises him when Tom Dubois is possessed by Stinkmeaner's spirit.
Lamilton Taeshawn (voiced by Bobb'e J. Thompson) – Lamilton Taeshawn is based on Latarian Milton, the 7 year old who stole his grandmother's car and went for a joyride, quotes such as "I like to do bad things" and "my friend who smokes wit cigarettes" are said by both Lamilton and Latarian. A friend of Riley's but, he soon realizes that Lamilton's intentions were evil. He (like his real-life counterpart) steals his grandmother's car and goes on a joyride with Riley, and convinces him to engage in all types of misconduct (spraying a combination of hot sauce and urine at people, dropping a life-sized dummy of a person from an overpass to cause a massive car pileup, etc.) until his attempts to rob Mrs. Van Hausen's house result in him killing a dog, at which point he is apprehended. Lamilton gets out of the system and, believing that Riley is the one who told on him (it was actually his former therapist who was stalking him under the suspicion that he was still dangerous), hunts him down and tries to kill him. After the ensuing fight, he falls off a roof and survives, but is attacked by the therapist.
The Booty Warrior – The Booty Warrior is a homosexual prison inmate who is based on real-life convicted serial rapist Fleece Johnson in appearance, voice, and personality, though here The Booty Warrior's mannerisms (and obsession with anally raping men) are more of a caricature of Johnson's than anything else. In "A Date With the Booty Warrior", it is revealed that The Booty Warrior was convicted due to raping Chris Hansen. During a program where troubled schoolchildren are sent to prison where they will learn what happens there at which Tom was chaperoning, Booty Warrior developed a lust for Tom and holds him hostage with a shank he stole from Tom (who took it from Riley prior to the field trip) in an attempt to rape him, and a riot ensues. The Booty Warrior stalks Tom in his attempt to anally violate him, but loses when he steps on wet soap.
Winston Jerome – Winston Jerome is a superstar playwright, screenwriter, actor and cult leader. He appears in the episode "Pause" where it is revealed that Winston founded his theatrical cult for the purpose of having sex with men. Robert auditioned to be the leading man in one of his plays. His character, and more specifically, his success as an actor and scriptwriter, is a spoof of Tyler Perry.
Joe Petto (voiced by Fred Willard) – Riley's school teacher who in a state of confusion called him "nigga" causing an uproar. Petto is confused because he had assumed that saying "nigga" was different from "nigger". Petto fervently states that Riley said the word first, and says it so frequently he does not even notice. Petto is based on the real-life teacher Paul Dawson who called his student Keysean Chavers "nigga" during a confrontation in class. Petto's confusion on the words are exclusively based on Dawson.
George W. Bush – 43rd President of the United States.
Barack H. Obama – 44th President of the United States.
Ronald Reagan – 40th President of the United States
Wedgie Rudlin (voiced by Donald Faison) – Wedgie Rudlin is President of entertainment for BET, and a simpering yes-man to his superiors. An obvious parody of actual BET President of entertainment (and executive producer for the Boondocks) Reginald Hudlin.
Kardashia Kardashian (voiced by Grey DeLisle) – Kardashia is a parody of the Kardashian sisters of Khloe, Kim, and Kourtney. Like them, she is a Caucasian reality TV star with butt implants, which explode during one date with Robert. She dies alone and the pilot for her reality show was never pitched.
Siri (voiced by Grey DeLisle) – An app that Granddad becomes attached to and the main antagonist of "I Dream of Siri". But, when he said that he loves her, Siri becomes obsessed. Going haywire, she hacks Robert's new Android and at the wedding, she sends fake pictures of Robert being a terrorist to al-Qaeda. A drone comes to the Freeman house and destroys Siri. Granddad's complaint made it to Apple. He is also removed from the president's kill list and also received a free iPad, as shown in the epilogue notice.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

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The White Shadow (voiced by John C. McGinley) – The White Shadow is a white, secret agent with white hair and shades whose responsibility is spying on Huey for his radical actions. An enigmatic individual claiming to be sent by the apparent "powers that be" to spy on Huey from monitoring his communications to personal conversations. It is not proven as to whether or not he is a real agent or simply a figment of Huey's imagination due to his ever-increasing paranoia; given the fact that he appears and disappears so easily and no one else has yet to see him. Though he seems as a sinister individual, he usually appears to provide insight or warn Huey. Huey is the one who dubs him "The White Shadow."
Gangstalicious (voiced by Mos Def) – Gangstalicious is one of Riley's favorite rappers. Gangstalicious features in "The Story of Gangstalicious", "The Story of Gangstalicious Part 2", and "Thank You for Not Snitching" and makes a cameo appearance in "It's a Black President, Huey Freeman." He is responsible for the hit single "Thuggin' Luv" heard in the show ( which is heard in many episodes), as well as "Homies Over Hoes". Inspired as a child by Ice Cube, he acted "like a killer" so people would like him. This behavior carried over into his adult life, and he's been living a lie ever since. He is a closet homosexual and goes to great lengths to keep this secret from the public. He was formerly involved in a secret homosexual affair with a gangster named Lincoln who attempts to kill Gangstalicious for betraying their love while on tour, and at some point assaulted a record label executive and rapped about it on TRL only to be arrested later. He was also involved in a relationship with a hip-hop video vixen named Jessica Ethelberg, who later wrote a book revealing he was gay (despite the fact that there were already countless obvious clues to the fact beforehand). His real name is Frederick.
Macktastic (voiced by Snoop Dogg) – Macktastic is a rapper and member of Thugnificent's Lethal Interjection crew. Despite his stereotypical gangsta attitude, he is shown to be quite articulate in his speech at times (slightly similar to his voice actor), and is a man of few words. His appearance resembles that of Taboo of The Black Eyed Peas. After the fall-out of Lethal Interjection, Thugnificent mentions that Mack went back to pimpin'.
Flonominal (voiced by Busta Rhymes) – Derrick Cornish is a rapper under the name Flonominal and member of Thugnificent's Lethal Interjection crew. His vocabulary seems to be quite limited, and uses hip-hop slang frequently at the end of, and even in between his sentences, and if he cannot think of anything else to say, he will say things such as "Word!" and "Nah mean?" (phrases commonly used by the rapper Ghostface Killah of the Wu-Tang Clan, who plays a role in "Stinkmeaner Strikes Back"). Although he puts on a hard-man, gangsta facade and is as loud as Thugnificent at times, he is shown to be soft and sensitive, as seen as when his mother called him and scolded him about the controversy caused the Lethal Interjection label and the constant attacks on the elderly by Thugnificent's rivalry with Robert Freeman (Granddad), and when Butch Magnus Milosevic hit him on the leg with a baseball bat, after demanding Riley's chain back. He resigns from the Lethal Interjection in "Bitches to Rags" when Thugnificent is unable to pay for the house and when Thugnificent gets him fired from a job as an office worker.
A Pimp Named Slickback (voiced by Katt Williams) – A Pimp Named Slickback is a pimp who gets easily irritated when someone calls him "Slickback" for short, demanding to be addressed by his complete self-professed name: "It's like 'A Tribe Called Quest' — you say the whole thing." He first appeared in "Guess Hoe's Coming to Dinner" when Granddad began dating his prostitute, Cristal. He made a cameo appearance in "Return of the King" but had no speaking lines. He appears in the season 2 episode "Tom, Sarah and Usher", in the episode where Tom believes Sarah is having an affair with singer Usher, attempting to teach Tom to gain the respect of his wife through violence and intimidation. The character is modeled after Katt Williams' character of "Money Mike" in Friday After Next. He also drives a purple BMW which matches his purple suit. He also appears in "The Story of Gangstalicious Part 2" where he is brought in by Granddad to talk to Riley about sex and dissuade him from homosexuality.
Colonel H. Stinkmeaner (voiced by Cedric Yarbrough) is a blind old black man whose appearance resembles Dr. Badvibes from C.O.P.S.. As Huey states, Stinkmeaner has acted like an ornery old man for his entire life and saw his Cancer-induced blindess at age 15 as good thing since he hated everything and everyone he saw. Though expected to die within three years, the doctors believed that Stinkmeaner's "Love of Hatred" kept him alive as he dedicated the rest of his life to making everyone's lives a living hell. After beating Robert in a fight in the mall parking lot, Huey mistakes Stinkmeaner for a blind swordsman (specifically Zatoichi) and has his Granddad train to fight Stinkmeaner. But by the time Huey realizes Stinkmeaner is a regular old man, having had the match legally sanctioned prior at the last second to ensure no prosecution, the fight ended with Robert unintentionally killing Stinkmeaner. Ending up in Hell soon after, Stinkmeaner trains in martial arts before the events of "Stinkmeaner Strikes Back" where the Devil sends him back to Earth to spread ignorance and chaos among black people. Once back on Earth, Stinkmeaner possess Tom Dubois to take revenge upon Robert before being exorcised when tricked by Huey into finding common ground with Uncle Ruckus. In the season 3 episode "Stinkmeaner III: The Hateocracy," serving as its narrator, Stinkmeaner is revealed to have belonged to a crew of violent, elderly hoodlums known as the "Hateocracy." Once notified of Stinkmeaner's death, the surviving members of the Hateocracy, a trio of skilled martial artists named Lord Rufus Crabmiser, Lady Esmerelda Gripenasty, and Mister George Pistofferson, reunite to attack the Freeman family as it gave them an excuse to ruin someone's life. Luckily, as Crabmiser murdered Bushido Brown during the attack, the Hateocracy are arrested by the police shortly. In the season 4 episode "Stinkmeaner: Begun the Clone War Has", it is revealed that Stinkmeaner enlisted in a cloning project prior to his death and left instructions for his clone, who is genetically enhanced, to continue antagonizing Robert. Eventually, after Robert newly descended to his level, the Stinkmeaner clone renounces the vendetta but still harasses the Freeman family.[2]
Reverend Rollo Goodlove (voiced by CeeLo Green) – Reverend Rollo Goodlove is an African-American left-wing activist whose activism seems more to get him media exposure than to show his opinion on the issue. He originally appeared in the Boondocks episode "The S-Word", as a supporter of the Freemans after Mr. Petto used a racial "slur" on Riley. He then turned it into a political debate between himself and Ann Coulter (which was carefully orchestrated) giving him more media exposure. His protest was overshadowed (forcefully with rifles) by elderly women protested for the right to own guns. Granddad was certain he will receive lots of money for the incident. He also helped Huey in a hunger strike in an attempt to pull BET off the air, but Rollo was offered a TV sitcom to be aired on BET, which led to him no longer aiding Huey's strike. His character is loosely based on Rev. Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson.
Cynthia "Cindy/C Murder/Fearsome" McPhearson (voiced by Tara Strong) – Cynthia is a girl who originally appeared as a recurring character in the comic strip as a girl in Huey's class who is oblivious to racial issues. She enjoys rap music, especially Snoop Dogg. In the TV series, she appears as an extremely-talented junior basketball player for her team, is well-versed (yet overblown) in AAVE, and matches Riley in cockiness. Riley soon resorts to insulting her mother and the problems related to her in Cindy's life to put her off her game, which leads to her crying and running off the court. She appears in the episode "Ballin'" and "The Story of Gangstalicious Part 2", in Season 2 and in Season 3 in the episode "The Red Ball" as part of Huey's kickball team, although she doesn't speak. She has a bigger role in the Season 3 episode "The Fundraiser" as one of Riley's partners in his chocolate enterprise.
Bushido Brown (voiced by Cedric Yarbrough in the first appearance, Michael Jai White in the second appearance) – Bushiso Brown is a kung-fu bodyguard hired by Oprah. For a while on the show he is the best martial artist whose skills greatly surpass Huey Freeman. He appeared in the season one episode "Let's Nab Oprah" and the season two episode "Attack of the Killer Kung-Fu Wolf Bitch". He is killed in the season three episode "Stinkmeaner 3: The Hateocracy" after being decapitated in a fight with three elderly martial artists the "Hateocracy" (who were associated with Colonel H. Stinkmeaner) when they were out to kill Robert using a flying guillotine at the time when he was protecting them. Before his demise, he is revealed to be an arrogant jerk who overcharges his clients for his services. After Bushido Brown's death, the Hateocracy members are arrested by the police for the murder of Bushido Brown. Bushido Brown's character is heavily influenced by the character Black Belt Jones from Black Belt Jones and William from Enter the Dragon (both played by martial artist Jim Kelly), as well as Michael Jai White's own character parody "Black Dynamite" from the film Black Dynamite.[citation needed]
Mrs. Van Heusen (voiced by Marion Ross) – Mrs. Van Heusen is a right-wing elderly woman who is head of the local neighborhood watch, and Second Amendment Sisters. When Ed the 3rd and Gin Rummy are engaging in their local crime spree, she tries militarizing the neighborhood watch after the Freemans. During the Fried Chicken Flu, she organizes another militia to try and take the Freeman's supplies.
Deborah LeVil (voiced by Debra Wilson) – Deborah LeVil who is the fictional head of BET (Black EVIL Television). Deborah LeVil is a psychotically evil woman dedicated to the network's goal: the destruction of black people. She has been shown to murder her employees when they do not meet her insidious standards. As she states, "It's not enough that the shows are bad. They have to be EVIL as well!" She is mostly portrayed as a female version of Dr. Evil from the Austin Powers film series.
Cristal (voiced by Tiffany Thomas) – Cristal is a provocative looking young woman.


document_title: Stuck in the Middle (TV series)

question_text: harley diaz from stuck in the middle real name

root

text: Stuck in the Middle (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Set in Massachusetts,[1] in the fictional town of Marshport, the series tells the story of the Diaz family, specifically focusing on Harley, the middle of the seven children. Harley makes her way using her creativity to deal with living in a large family.

tag: p

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Harley Diaz (Jenna Ortega) is the middle of seven children and a young engineering prodigy. She is the central character in the series and views herself as an inventor. Some of her known inventions are the Conveyor Belt Table, the Slushinator, the Skate Kite, and a snow machine. In "Stuck in the Sweet Seat", it is revealed it is her 13th birthday. A significant feature is that she tends to break the fourth wall to tell the viewers something about the situation.
Rachel Diaz (Ronni Hawk) is the oldest of the seven children and Harley's vain older sister. In "Stuck with No Rules", it is revealed that she is 16.
Ethan Diaz (Isaak Presley) is Harley's oldest brother and her partner-in-crime; she refers to him as her "best friend in the family". He is an aspiring musician. In "Stuck in the Sweet Seat", it is implied that he is the third oldest of the seven, behind Rachel and Georgie.
Daphne Diaz (Ariana Greenblatt) is the youngest of the seven children and Harley's younger sister. She enjoys having tea time with her dolls. In "Stuck with No Rules", it is revealed that Daphne can easily retaliate against anyone who takes things from her without getting her approval first.
Georgie Diaz (Kayla Maisonet) is one of Harley's older sisters and the second oldest of the seven as implied in "Stuck in the Sweet Seat". She is a basketball player at her school.
Lewie Diaz (Nicolas Bechtel)[Note 1] is one of Harley's two younger brothers and Beast's twin. It is revealed in "Stuck in the Beast-Day Party" that Lewie is older than Beast by five minutes.
Beast Diaz (Malachi Barton)[Note 1] is one of Harley's two younger brothers and Lewie's twin.
Suzy Diaz (Cerina Vincent) is Harley's quirky mother who rarely has any alone time from her children and tends to spend it in the most unlikely places.
Tom Diaz (Joe Nieves) is Harley's father who operates a marina store, called "Tom's Bait and Bite", which sells camping and fishing equipment.

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Bethany Peters (Lauren Pritchard) is a neighbor of the Diaz family who regularly criticizes Suzy and Tom's parenting of their children. She is a protective mother to her daughter Ellie whom she never lets have any fun as seen in "Stuck in the Block Party".
Ellie Peters (Lulu Lambros) is Bethany's daughter and Harley's best friend. She is on the same basketball team as Georgie. In "Stuck in Harley's Comet", it is revealed that Ellie is afraid of heights, darkness, and birds.
Cuff (Brett Pierce) is an irresponsible teenager who is Rachel's boyfriend and is disliked by Tom. When Cuff works briefly at "Tom's Bait and Bite" in "Stuck with My Sister's Boyfriend", his real first name is revealed to be Warren. He has only appeared in the first season.

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ Jump up to: a b Malachi Barton is credited before Nicolas Bechtel in the Stuck in the Middle pilot episode, but Bechtel is credited before Barton in all subsequent episodes starting with "Stuck in the Sweet Seat".

tag: ol

text: Production[edit]

text: Production on the series began in November 2015.[2] A preview of Stuck in the Middle aired on Disney Channel on February 14, 2016.[3] Additional episodes began airing on March 11, 2016.

text: Disney Channel renewed Stuck in the Middle for a second season on June 15, 2016.[4] The second season premiered on February 3, 2017. The series was renewed for a third season by Disney Channel on August 31, 2017.[5]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
17
February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14)
July 22, 2016 (2016-07-22)

2
TBA
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)
TBA

tag: table

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
17
February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14)
2.81[6]
July 22, 2016 (2016-07-22)
2.06[7]
1.60

2
15
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)
2.13[8]
TBA
TBD
1.19

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref.

2017
Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Program
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards Colombia
Favorite International Program
Pending

Kids' Choice Awards Argentina
Favorite International Program
Pending

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series first premiered 15 minutes before the first airing in the U.S. on Disney Channel in Canada as a special on February 14, 2016. The series premiered on Watch Disney Channel and Disney Channel on Demand on February 15, 2016. The series began airing regularly on March 11, 2016, airing at the same time as the United States.[9]


document_title: List of current Home and Away characters

question_text: who plays ava gilbert in home and away

question_tokens: who plays ava gilbert in home and away

text: Present characters[edit]

text:
Character
Actor(s)
Duration

Stewart, AlfAlf Stewart
Meagher, RayRay Meagher
1988–

Stewart, RooRoo Stewart
Parker, GeorgieGeorgie Parker
1988–1989, 2010–

Clarke, JustineJustine Clarke

Chambers, MarilynMarilyn Chambers
Symons, EmilyEmily Symons
1989–1992, 1995–1999, 2001, 2010–

Roberts, IreneIrene Roberts
McGranger, LynneLynne McGranger
1991–

Phillips, JacquyJacquy Phillips

Fraser Richards, OliviaOlivia Fraser Richards
Banno, RaechelleRaechelle Banno
1998–1999, 2005, 2015–2018

Latimer, IvyIvy Latimer

actresses, VariousVarious actresses

Patterson-Baker, LeahLeah Patterson-Baker
Nicodemou, AdaAda Nicodemou
2000–

Palmer, JohnJohn Palmer
Withington, ShaneShane Withington
2009–

Ashford, MartinMartin Ashford
Mason, GeorgeGeorge Mason
2014–2018

King, HunterHunter King
Lee, ScottScott Lee
2015–2018

Morgan, ToriTori Morgan
McNamee, PennyPenny McNamee
2016–

Morgan, JustinJustin Morgan
Stewart, JamesJames Stewart
2016–

Morgan, BrodyBrody Morgan
Heywood, JacksonJackson Heywood
2016–

Morgan, MasonMason Morgan
Pledger, OrpheusOrpheus Pledger
2016–

Morrison, RaffyRaffy Morrison
Deeble, OliviaOlivia Deeble
2016–

Astoni, ZiggyZiggy Astoni
Dillman, SophieSophie Dillman
2017–

Astoni, BenBen Astoni
Nichol, RohanRohan Nichol
2017–

Astoni, MaggieMaggie Astoni
Morassi, KestieKestie Morassi
2017–

Astoni, CocoCoco Astoni
Cocquerel, AnnaAnna Cocquerel
2017–

, RobboRobbo
Ryan, JakeJake Ryan
2017–

Jackson, RyderRyder Jackson
Radovich, LukasLukas Radovich
2017–

Harris, WillowWillow Harris
Roberts, SarahSarah Roberts
2017–

text: Recurring and guest characters[edit]

text:
Character
Actor(s)
Duration

Stevenson, NealNeal Stevenson
Mattiuzzi, Michele-AntonioMichele-Antonio Mattiuzzi
2011–

Murray, BenBen Murray
Jory, John-PaulJohn-Paul Jory
2012–2013, 2015–

Sarah, NurseNurse Sarah
Ward, SamanthaSamantha Ward
2015–

McCarthy, PhillipPhillip McCarthy
Cassim, NicholasNicholas Cassim
2016–

the Dog, BuddyBuddy the Dog
, HimselfHimself
2016–

Gilbert, NinaNina Gilbert
Naylor, ZoeZoe Naylor
2016–

Gilbert, AvaAva Gilbert
Thomas, GraceGrace Thomas
2016–

Delaney, JasmineJasmine Delaney
Frost, SamSam Frost
2017–

Thompson, DeanDean Thompson
O'Connor, PatrickPatrick O'Connor
2018–

Thorne, ColbyColby Thorne
Franklin, TimTim Franklin
2018–

Easton, HazelHazel Easton
Lemon, GenevieveGenevieve Lemon
2018

Salisbury, LanceLance Salisbury
McLaren, AngusAngus McLaren
2018–

Easton, EbonyEbony Easton
Heine, CaribaCariba Heine
2018

Anderson, TyTy Anderson
Williams, DariusDarius Williams
2018

text: Cast changes[edit]

text: Upcoming and returning characters[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Debut/return date
Reference

Chelsea Campbell
Ashleigh Brewer
2018
[1][2]

TBC
Jessica Clarke
2018
[3]

TBC
Sophie Don
2018
[4]

text: Departing characters[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Departure date
Reference

Ashford, MartinMartin Ashford
Mason, GeorgeGeorge Mason
2018
[5]

Fraser Richards, OliviaOlivia Fraser Richards
Banno, RaechelleRaechelle Banno
2018
[6]

King, HunterHunter King
Lee, ScottScott Lee
2018
[7][8]

text: Past characters[edit]


document_title: Agora

question_text: what were the central market places in ancient greece called

text: Agora

text: Origins[edit]

text: Early in Greek history (18th century–8th century BC), free-born citizens would gather in the agora for military duty or to hear statements of the ruling king or council. Later, the Agora also served as a marketplace where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods amid colonnades.  This attracted artisans who built workshops nearby.[2]

text: From this twin function of the agora as a political and commercial space came the two Greek verbs ἀγοράζω, agorázō, "I shop", and ἀγορεύω, agoreúō, "I speak in public".

text: The term agoraphobia denotes a phobic condition in which the sufferer becomes anxious in environments that are unfamiliar—for instance, places where he or she perceives that they have little control. Such anxiety may be triggered by wide open spaces, by crowds, or by some public situations, and the psychological term derives from the agora as a large and open gathering place.


document_title: List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: N–O

question_text: who is called as the policeman of europe

text: N[edit]

text:
Napoleon I of France Boney, Corporal Violet, Father Violet, Jean de l'epee"' "le petit tondu", "Jupiter Scapin, Napoglione Paille au Nez (Napoleon Straw-in-the-Nose) , That Corsican Ogre, the Armed Soldier of Democracy, the Corsican General, the Emperor of Elba, the Enlightened Despot, the Great, the Horse Thief of Berlin, the Little Corporal, the Little Corsican, the Little General, the Little Gunner of Toulon, the Man of Destiny , the Modern Alexander, the Modern Hannibal, the Nightmare of Europe, the Ogre, Old Puss in Boots, the Representative (of) Men, the Straw-in-the-Nose (Fr. Paille au Nez), the Victor of Marengo [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Napoleon II of France the Baby Eagle, the Eaglet [9]
Napoleon III of France Boustrapa Comte d'Arenenberg Conscience Tranquelle, Little Napoleon the Small, Grosbec (Nosey), Ratipole, Ratipol, Verhuel, the Arbiter of Europe, the Arch-monarch of the World, Badinguet, the Little, the Small, the Man of December , the Man of Sedan, the Sedantaire , the Man of the Third Republic, the Man of Silence the Socialist on Horseback [5][10]
Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte Craint Plomb (Fear-Lead), Plon-Plon [11]
Naya of Málaga the Usurper
Nell Gwyn Madam Gwyn, Old Madam Gwyn, Pretty, Witty Nell (Samuel Pepys), the Most Famous Restoration Actress of All Time (Elizabeth Howe), the Protestant Whore [12]
Nero the Olympic Champion
Nero Claudius Drusus the Elder
Neri the vice
Nerva the Adoptive Emperor
Nest verch Rhys the Helen of Wales, the Helen of Troy of Wales
Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha Nevşehirli (From Nevşehirli")
Niall of the Nine Hostages Niall of the Nine Hostages (Noiggiallach) [13]
Niall III of Ailech, 36th King of Ireland Caille
Niall Glúndub Black Knee, Glundubh [14]
Niall, King of Ulster, 1364–1394 the Big
Niall, King of Ulster, 1394–1403 the Younger
Niall More O'Neill, Lord of Tyrone the Destroyer of the English, the Exalter of the Church, the Uniter of the Irish [15]
Niall Frossach of the Showers
Niall O'Neill, King of Ulster, 1230 the Red
Niall of the Nine Hostages the Great
Nicephorus I the Alarmed, the General, the Great Logothete, the Logothete
Nicephorus II, Byzantine Emperor Nikfour, the Artisan of Good Victories (Gr. Killinikos), the Pale Death of the Saracens [16] [17]
Nicephorus III, Byzantine Emperor Botaniates
Nicholas I of Montenegro the Father-in-law of Europe
Nicholas I of Russia the Don Quixote of Russian Absolutism, the Iron Czar, the Iron Hand. the Policeman of Europe,,[18] the Iron Emperor [19][20][21][22]
Nicholas II of Russia Bloody Nicholas, the Martyr, Tzar-Cloth
Nicholas III Radziwill, Prince of Goniądz and Medely Poland's Darling (Amor Poloniae):
Nicholas, Lord of Avesnes the Handsome [23]
Nicholas, Duke of Mecklenburg in Rostock, 1282–1314 the Child
Nicholas of Silesia "The Little", "Small"
Niccolò II d'Este the Cripple, the Lame [24]
Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult Premier Manœuvrier de l'Europe , the Iron-Arm , the Iron Hand,[21] the Iron Marshal , the Duke of Damnation,[21] le Roi Nicolas
Nicolas Oudinot the Marshal With Thirty-Five Wounds , the Modern Bayard , the Most Wounded Marshal,[25] the Bayard of the French Army [25]
Nicolas of Estouteville (d. 1416), Lord of Torcy Colart [26]
Nigel d'Aubigny (1066–1129) Scutifer Conquestoris
Nikola Zrinski the Poet-Warlord [27]
Nikolaus II Priscus Radziwiłł Mathusalem [28]
Nikolaus III Radziwiłł Amor Poloniae [28]
Nikolaus Esterházy the Lover of Splendor,[29] the Magnificent [30] [31]
Nino Visconti the Brigand [32]
Nithard Nithard of Ponthieu, the Chronicler, the Historian
Nivelon I, Count of Autun (d. 768) the Historian
Nuño González, Lord of Lara (d. 1275)
Nuño Nuñez of Castile He of Brasera, He of Branosera (Sp. El de Brasera, El de Branosera) [33]
Nuño Nuñez, Count of Castile He of Castrogeriz (Sp. El de Castrogeriz) [33]
Nuno Álvares Pereira the Constable-Saint, the Count-Saint, the Holy Constable, the Portuguese Cid [3][34]
Nuño Nuñez of Castile He of Roa, Rasura [33]
Nuño Nuñez of León, Count of Amaya, c. 954 Rasura
Nuño of Leon Belchides, son of Ordoño I of Leon
Nuno Álvares Pereira the Great Constable

text: O[edit]

text:
Oberto, Margrave of Massa and Corsica Brattoporrata, Brotoporrada [35]
Obizzo, Margrave, c. 1108, Malnitpore [35]
Ocko I of East Frisia the Elder
Ocko II of East Frisia the Younger
Odet de Coligny Cardinal de Châtillon, the Protestant Cardinal [36][37][38]
Odette de Champdivers la Petite Reine
Odo II of Blois le Champenois [39]
Odo, Count of Paris Capet
Odo, Count of Valois (d. c. 1085), the Mad
Odo of Apulia the Good Marquis
Odo of Aquitaine the Great
Oddone (d. 1104), Altasapada [40]
Olaf I of Denmark le Famelique, Olaf Hunger
Olaf I of Norway the Sleeper, the Sleeping Hero, the Sleeping King
Olaf I of the Isle of Man Morsel, the Dwarf
Olaf II of the Isle of Man the Black [41]
Olaf Cuaran Hairy Brogues, Sandals [42]
Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf Olaf II, King of Vestfold and Jutland, the Elf of Geirstad (Nor. Geristad-alf, Geirstada-Alf, Geirstadaalf)
Olaf Ingjaldsson, King of Dublin (835–871), the White
Olaf of Denmark the Mild
Olaf I Godredsson, King of the Isle of Man, 1097–1153, the Red
Olav II of Norway the Big One, Digera, the Chapman, the Fat, the Saint, the Seaman
Olav III of Norway the Mild, the Pacific [43]
Olav IV of Norway Harefoot
Olav V of Norway the People's King
Oleg I, Prince of Novgorod-Severskiy, 1097–1115, the Infamous
Oleg I, Prince of Ryazan, 1252–1258, Krasniy, the Fair, the Handsome [44]
Oleg II, Grand Prince of Ryazan, 1389–1402, the Great
Oleg of Novgorod the Knowing, the Seer, the Wise
Oleg Svyatoslavich, Prince Chernigov Gorislavich [45][46][47][48]
Olga of Kiev Preskasa, the Beauty, the Saint [49][50]
Oliver Cromwell Crum-Hell, Ironsides , Nosey, Old Ironsides, Old Noll, Ruby Node, the Almighty Nose, the Archangel Who did Battle with the Devil, the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth [5][51]
Olivier de Clisson the Butcher
Oliver St John the Dark Lanthorn of the Commonwealth[52]
Olof of Sweden the Lap King , the Tax King, the Treasurer [53]
Olof Trätälja the Tree-Cutter, the Tree-Hewer, the Tree-Feller, the Wood-Cutter [54]
Olof the Sharp-sighted
Ordoño IV of León the Bad, the Hunchback
Orhan I the Fighter, the Hero of the Religion, the Leader, the Ruler, the Warrior of the Faith [55]
Orielda of Tirel the Noble Lady, wife of Fulk de Tirel, son of Ralph, Lord of Tirel and Poix
Orlando of Fidenza the Magnificent
Orlando Pallavicini (c. 1393-1457), the Magnificent [56]
Oshin of Armenia the Regent
Osman I Little Osman, the Black, the Dark, the Fighter, the Founder, the Holy Warrior, the Pride of the Religion [55][57][58][59]
Osman I, King in Bithynia, 1282–1326, the Warrior of the Faith
Osman II Farisi, the Martyr, the Younger, the Young Osman [55][60]
Oswald of Northumbria the Saint
Oswine of Deira the Saint
Ottar of Sweden Wend-crow
Ottaviano degli Ubaldini the Cardinal [61]
Otto I of Bohemia (d. 1091), Duke of Olmutz the Handsome
Otto I, Count of Guelders (1150–1207), the Great
Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen (1340–1394), the Evil
Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1204–1252), the Child
Otto I, Duke of Saxony the Magnificent
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor the Great, the Pious [62]
Otto II, Count of Habsburg
Otto II (VI), Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen, 1367–1394, the Bad
Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous, the Victorious
Otto II, Duke of Luneburg, 1464–1471 the Magnificent
Otto II, Count of Guelders Horsefoot [63]
Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor the Bloody, the Red (Rufus) [5]
Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg (1147–1205), the Spendthrift, the Extravagant
Otto II, Marquess of Montferrat, 1372–1378, Secondotto
Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria the August, the Noble
Otto III, Duke of Swabia Otto of Schweinfurt, the White
Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg, 1220–1267, the Pious
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor the Infant, the Wonder of the Age, the Wonder of the World (Lat. Stupor Mundi), the World's Wonder [20][64]
Otto IV of Brandenburg Otto with the Arrow, Sagittarius
Otto IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1434–1446), the Lame
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor Otto of Brunswick, the Proud
Otto IV of Kirchberg the Great
Otto IV, Duke of Bavaria der Abbacher
Otto V, Duke of Bavaria, the Bavarian, the Lazy, the Pimple
Otto of Austria the Well-Beloved, the Merry
Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen, 1394–1463, the Blind
Otto of Austria the Wise
Otto of Bamberg the Father of Monks, the Saint [65][65]
Otto of Nordheim Otto of Northeim
Otto von Bismarck the Founding Father, the Man of Blood and Iron , the Iron Chancellor [66]
Otto-Henry, Duke of Burgundy the Great
Ottokar I of Bohemia the Victorious
Ottokar II of Bohemia the Iron and Gold King, the King of Gold and Iron [67]
Owain Goch ap Gruffydd the Red
Owain Danwyn the White Tooth
Owain ap Thomas, Prince of Gwynedd the Red Hand [68]
Owain Foel (fl. 1018), Owain the Bald
Owain Lawgoch Owain of the Red Hand

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Schneider, John. "Book 19 - Section 1, Chapter 3". Napoleonic-literature.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012. Retrieved July 2012.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Jupiter Scapin (Nuttall Encyclopædia)". Fromoldbooks.org. Retrieved July 2012.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b "Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Vol. 1". Manybooks.net. Retrieved July 2012.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
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text:
[hide]

v
t
e

Nicknames of European royalty and nobility

Listed by proper name

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N–O
P–Q
R
S
T–V
W–Z

Listed by nickname

Monarchs

text: Lists of people by name featureLists of people by nickname

text: CS1 errors: datesAll articles with dead external linksArticles with dead external links from January 2017Articles with permanently dead external linksPages with citations lacking titlesPages with citations having bare URLsWebarchive template wayback linksAll articles with self-published sourcesArticles with self-published sources from July 2012All articles lacking reliable referencesArticles lacking reliable references from July 2012Wikipedia articles incorporating an MLCC with a warningCS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertaintyArticles with dead external links from July 2012Articles lacking reliable references from August 2012Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica without Wikisource reference


document_title: LSU–Texas A&M football rivalry

question_text: when was the last time a&m beat lsu

question_tokens: when was the last time a&m beat lsu

text: LSU–Texas A&M football rivalry

text: History[edit]

text: The majority of the pre-2012 games were non-conference; there was a five-game stretch from 1906 to 1914 when they were opponents in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA).[2]

text: They have built good home-field advantages, and the series record reflects it: LSU is 25–10–1 in Baton Rouge; A&M is 7–4–1 in College Station. LSU is 4–3–1 at neutral sites, including wins in the two bowl games where they were opponents: the 1944 Orange Bowl in Miami and 2011 Cotton Bowl Classic in Arlington. From 1945–73, LSU went 17–3–1 against A&M. LSU has won the last seven. Currently, it has been 23 years since Texas A&M has defeated LSU in a football game.

text: Pre-SIAA/SIAA[edit]

text: The teams first played at College Station in 1899. A&M won 52–0. It was the only game before they joined the SIAA.

text: They did not meet again until 1906 in Baton Rouge, the first of five games between 1906 and 1914 in which they were opponents in the SIAA. They played two more times in 1913 and 1914. A&M went 3–1–1. After 1914, A&M left to join the newly formed Southwest Conference (LSU participated in initial meetings to form it, but chose not to join.)

text: SEC vs. SWC[edit]

text: They played two neutral-site games in 1916 and 1917 before four straight games from 1920–23. Between 1916 and 1923, A&M went 3–2–1. The series resumed from 1942 to 1949 in the regular season. In addition to the regular season game in 1943, they met in the first bowl game of the rivalry. LSU won the January 1, 1944 Orange Bowl 19–14. LSU went 7–2, winning the last five.

text: They met again in 1955 and 1956, with A&M taking both games. They were led by John David Crow, their first Heisman Trophy winner. They played annually from 1960–75, always in Baton Rouge, since A&M could receive a larger gate by playing at Tiger Stadium, which at the time had a much larger seating capacity than Kyle Field. This was the longest consecutive games played between the two teams in the series history. LSU went 12–3–1. After 1961, LSU took the lead in the series; LSU still leads the series today. A&M's 1970 win had a 79-yard touchdown pass with 13 seconds left to upset LSU (who would win the SEC title). A&M did not win another game that year.

text: The series resumed from 1986–95, with the teams alternating between Baton Rouge and College Station. A&M went 6–4, winning the last five. Four were over LSU head coach Curley Hallman, a former Aggie. R. C. Slocum, a native Louisianian, was A&M's head coach for the last seven.

text: SEC vs. Big 12[edit]

text: They did not meet again until January 7, 2011, in the Cotton Bowl Classic. It was the only meeting during the Aggies' tenure in the Big 12 Conference, and the second time in a bowl game. In 2011, the Cotton Bowl celebrated its 75th Anniversary and this was the first Cotton Bowl Classic to be played in prime time in the highly anticipated matchup. LSU beat Texas A&M in the Cotton Bowl 41–24 at Arlington, Texas.

text: SEC[edit]

text: The series resumed in 2012, and for the first time since the SIAA days they would be conference opponents, when A&M joined the SEC and was placed in the West Division with LSU. Since joining the conference, LSU is the only team A&M has never defeated in the SEC West.

text: In 2012, A&M's Johnny Manziel won the Heisman. LSU's defense caused him to have his worst performance of the year, which included 0 touchdowns and 3 interceptions. #6 LSU won 24–19 at College Station in the first SEC game. In 2013, #22 LSU won 34–10, A&M's first SEC road loss.

text: In 2014, they played on Thanksgiving night for the first time in the series history.[3] The last time LSU played on Thanksgiving was 1973. LSU won 23–17 in College Station. The two teams played again on Thanksgiving, two years later (in College Station); LSU won 54–39.

text: Game results[edit]

text:
LSU victories
Texas A&M victories
Tie games

text:
No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

1
December 2, 1899
College Station, TX
Texas A&M
52–0

2
November 19, 1906
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
22–12

3
October 21, 1907
College Station, TX
Texas A&M
11–5

4
October 17, 1908
New Orleans, LA
LSU
26–0

5
November 27, 1913
Houston, TX
Tie
7–7

6
October 31, 1914
Dallas, TX
Texas A&M
63–9

7
October 14, 1916
Galveston, TX
LSU
13–0

8
October 27, 1917
San Antonio, TX
Texas A&M
27–0

9
October 16, 1920
College Station, TX
Tie
0–0

10
October 15, 1921
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
6–0

11
October 20, 1922
College Station, TX
Texas A&M
46–0

12
October 20, 1923
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
28–0

13
September 26, 1942
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
16–7

14
October 9, 1943
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
28–13

15
January 1, 1944A
Miami, FL
LSU
19–14

16
October 14, 1944
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
7–0

17
October 13, 1945
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
31–12

18
October 12, 1946
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
33–9

19
October 11, 1947
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
19–13

20
October 9, 1948
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
14–13

21
October 8, 1949
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
34–0

22
September 24, 1955
Dallas, TX
Texas A&M
28–0

23
September 29, 1956
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
9–6

24
September 27, 1960
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
9–0

25
September 30, 1961
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
16–7

26
September 22, 1962
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
21–0

27
September 21, 1963
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
14–6

28
September 19, 1964
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
9–6

29
September 18, 1965
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
21–0

No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

30
October 8, 1966
Baton Rouge, LA
Tie
7–7

31
September 30, 1967
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
17–6

32
September 21, 1968
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
13–12

33
September 20, 1969
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
35–6

34
September 19, 1970
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
20–18

35
September 18, 1971
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
37–0

36
September 23, 1972
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
42–17

37
September 22, 1973
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
28–23

38
September 21, 1974
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
21–14

39
September 20, 1975
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
39–8

40
September 13, 1986
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
35–17

41
September 5, 1987
College Station, TX
LSU
17–3

42
September 3, 1988
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
27–0

43
September 2, 1989
College Station, TX
Texas A&M
28–16

44
September 29, 1990
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
17–8

45
September 14, 1991
College Station, TX
Texas A&M
45–7

46
September 5, 1992
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
31–22

47
September 4, 1993
College Station, TX
Texas A&M
24–0

48
September 3, 1994
Baton Rouge, LA
Texas A&M
18–13

49
September 2, 1995
College Station, TX
Texas A&M
33–17

50
January 7, 2011B
Arlington, TX
#11 LSU
41–24

51
October 20, 2012
College Station, TX
#6 LSU
24–19

52
November 23, 2013
Baton Rouge, LA
#22 LSU
34–10

53
November 27, 2014
College Station, TX
LSU
23–17

54
November 28, 2015
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
19–7

55
November 24, 2016
College Station, TX
#25 LSU
54–39

56
November 25, 2017
Baton Rouge, LA
#18 LSU
45–21

Series: LSU leads 33–20–3

A1944 Orange Bowl • B2011 Cotton Bowl Classic
Source[4]


document_title: Lincoln (film)

question_text: who plays abe lincoln in the movie lincoln

text: Lincoln (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In January 1865, President Abraham Lincoln expects the Civil War to end soon, with the defeat of the Confederate States. He is concerned that his 1863 Emancipation Proclamation may be discarded by the courts after the war, and the proposed Thirteenth Amendment will be defeated by the returning slave states. He feels it imperative to pass the amendment beforehand, to remove any possibility that freed slaves might be re-enslaved.

text: The Radical Republicans fear the amendment will be defeated by some who wish to delay its passage; support from Republicans in the border states is not yet assured. The amendment also requires the support of several Democratic congressmen to pass. With dozens of Democrats being lame ducks after losing their re-election campaigns in the fall of 1864, some of Lincoln's advisors believe he should wait for a new Republican-heavy Congress. Lincoln remains adamant about having the amendment in place before the war is concluded and the southern states readmitted.

text: Lincoln's hopes rely upon the support of Francis Preston Blair, a founder of the Republican Party whose influence could win over members of the western and border state conservative faction. With Union victory in the Civil War highly likely, but not yet secured, and with two sons serving in the Union Army, Blair is keen to end hostilities. Therefore, in return for his support, Blair insists that Lincoln allow him immediately to engage the Confederate government in peace negotiations. Yet Lincoln knows that significant support for the amendment comes from Radical Republicans, for whom negotiated peace is unacceptable. Unable to proceed without Blair's support, Lincoln reluctantly authorizes Blair's mission.

text: In the meantime, Lincoln and Secretary of State William Seward work to secure Democratic votes for the amendment. Lincoln suggests they concentrate on the lame duck Democrats, as they will feel freer to vote as they choose, and will also soon need employment; Lincoln will have many federal jobs to fill as he begins his second term. Though Lincoln and Seward are unwilling to offer monetary bribes to the Democrats, they authorize agents to contact Democratic congressmen with offers of federal jobs in exchange for their support.

text: At a key moment in the debate, racial-equality advocate Thaddeus Stevens agrees to moderate his position and argue that the amendment represents only legal equality, not a declaration of actual equality. Meanwhile, Confederate envoys are ready to meet with Lincoln to discuss terms for peace, but he instructs they be kept out of Washington, as the amendment approaches a vote on the House floor. Rumor of their mission circulates, prompting both Democrats and conservative Republicans to advocate postponing the vote. But in a carefully worded statement, Lincoln denies there are envoys in Washington, and the vote proceeds, passing by a margin of just two votes. Black visitors to the gallery celebrate, and Stevens returns home to his "housekeeper" and lover, a black woman.

text: When Lincoln meets with the Confederates, he tells them slavery cannot be restored, as the North is united for ratification of the amendment, and several of the southern states' reconstructed legislatures would also vote to ratify. On April 3, Lincoln visits the battlefield at Petersburg, Virginia, where he exchanges a few words with Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant. Six days later, Grant receives General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.

text: On April 14, Lincoln is meeting members of his cabinet to discuss future measures to enfranchise blacks, when he is reminded that First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln is waiting to take them to their evening at Ford's Theatre. That night, while Lincoln's son Tad is watching Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp at Grover's Theatre, the manager suddenly stops the play to announce that the President has been shot. The next morning Lincoln dies; Secretary of War Edwin Stanton declares, "Now he belongs to the ages".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Daniel Day-Lewis as President Abraham Lincoln[11]

His performance earned Day-Lewis his third Academy Award for Best Actor, making him the only actor who has won three Oscars in the leading actor category.

Sally Field as First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln[12]

Her performance earned Field a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Gloria Reuben[13] as Elizabeth Keckley, a former slave who was dressmaker and confidante to Mary Todd Lincoln.
Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Robert Todd Lincoln[14]

Robert Lincoln had recently left his studies at Harvard Law School and was newly named a Union Army captain and personal attendant to General Grant. He returned to the White House on April 14, 1865 to visit his family. His father was assassinated that night.[15]

Gulliver McGrath as Tad Lincoln[16]
Stephen Henderson as Lincoln's valet William Slade[17]
Elizabeth Marvel as Mrs. Jolly[17]

text:
Adam Driver as Lincoln's telegraph operator, historically Grant's operator, Samuel Beckwith[17]
Jared Harris as Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant[17]
Asa-Luke Twocrow as Lieutenant Colonel Ely S. Parker, a Native American Military Secretary to Grant and drafter of the terms of the Confederate Army's surrender at Appomattox Court House[18]
Colman Domingo as Private Harold Green[17]
David Oyelowo as Corporal Ira Clark[19]
Lukas Haas as First White Soldier[17]
Dane DeHaan as Second White Soldier[17]

text:
David Strathairn as Secretary of State William H. Seward[20]
Bruce McGill as Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton[21]
Joseph Cross as Major John Hay, Lincoln's military secretary
Jeremy Strong as John George Nicolay, Lincoln's private secretary[13][17]
Grainger Hines as Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles[22]
Richard Topol as Attorney General James Speed[17]
Dakin Matthews as Secretary of the Interior John Palmer Usher[13][17]
Walt Smith as Secretary of the Treasury William P. Fessenden[22]
James Ike Eichling as Postmaster General William Dennison[22]

text:
Tommy Lee Jones as Republican Congressman Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania.[14]

A leader of the Radical Republicans and a fervent abolitionist, Stevens feared that Lincoln would "turn his back on emancipation."[15] Jones' performance as Stevens earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Lee Pace as Democratic Congressman Fernando Wood of New York
Peter McRobbie as Democratic Congressman George H. Pendleton of Ohio, leader of the Democratic opposition
Bill Raymond as Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax of Indiana, a Republican
David Costabile as Republican Congressman James Ashley of Ohio[13]
Stephen Spinella as radical Republican Congressman Asa Vintner Litton[17]
Michael Stuhlbarg as Democratic Congressman George Yeaman of Kentucky[17]
Boris McGiver as Democratic Congressman Alexander Coffroth of Pennsylvania[13]
Walton Goggins as Democratic Congressman Clay Hawkins of Ohio.[23]
David Warshofsky as Congressman William Hutton, whose brother died in the war[13]
Michael Stanton Kennedy as Republican Congressman Hiram Price of Iowa
Raynor Scheine as Republican Congressman Josiah S. 'Beanpole' Burton of Missouri.
Christopher Evan Welch as Clerk of the House Edward McPherson

text:
Hal Holbrook as Francis Preston Blair[13]

Blair was an influential Republican politician who tried to arrange a peace agreement between the Union and the Confederacy. Holbrook had previously portrayed Lincoln in the 1976 mini-series Carl Sandburg's Lincoln and in the 1980s North and South mini-series.[17]

James Spader as Republican Party operative William N. Bilbo

Bilbo had been imprisoned but was freed by Lincoln, and then lobbied for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.[13]

Tim Blake Nelson[24] as lobbyist Richard Schell. (Schell was a Democratic lobbyist who worked with Republicans to obtain votes in the House for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.)
John Hawkes as Republican operative[13] Colonel Robert Latham
Byron Jennings[13] as Conservative Republican Montgomery Blair, son of Francis Preston Blair[17]
Julie White as Elizabeth Blair Lee: Lee was the daughter of Francis Preston Blair, and wrote hundreds of letters documenting events during the Civil War[17]
S. Epatha Merkerson as Lydia Smith: Smith was Thaddeus Stevens' biracial housekeeper.[17]
Wayne Duvall as Radical Republican Senator Benjamin "Bluff Ben" Wade
John Hutton as Senator Charles Sumner[22]

text:
Jackie Earle Haley as Confederate States Vice President Alexander H. Stephens[25]

Stephens had served with Lincoln in Congress from 1847 to 1849. He met with Abraham Lincoln on the steamboat River Queen at the unsuccessful Hampton Roads Conference on February 3, 1865

Gregory Itzin as John Archibald Campbell[17]

Campbell was a former Supreme Court Justice who had resigned at the start of war and then served as Assistant Secretary of War in the Confederate government. He was also a member of the Confederate delegation that met with Lincoln at the Hampton Roads Conference.

Michael Shiflett as the third Confederate delegate to Hampton Roads, Senate President Robert M. T. Hunter
Christopher Boyer (non-speaking role) as Robert E. Lee

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: While consulting on a Steven Spielberg project in 1999, Goodwin told Spielberg she was planning to write Team of Rivals, and Spielberg immediately told her he wanted the film rights.[26] DreamWorks finalized the deal in 2001,[27] and by the end of the year, John Logan signed on to write the script.[28] His draft focused on Lincoln's friendship with Frederick Douglass.[29] Playwright Paul Webb was hired to rewrite and filming was set to begin in January 2006,[27] but Spielberg delayed it out of dissatisfaction with the script.[30] Liam Neeson said Webb's draft covered the entirety of Lincoln's term as President.[31]

text: Tony Kushner replaced Webb. Kushner considered Lincoln "the greatest democratic leader in the world" and found the writing assignment daunting because "I have no idea [what made him great]; I don't understand what he did any more than I understand how William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet or Mozart wrote Così fan tutte." Kushner said Lincoln's abolitionist ideals made him appealing to a Jewish writer, and although he felt Lincoln was Christian, he noted the president rarely quoted the New Testament and that his "thinking and his ethical deliberation seem very talmudic".[32] By late 2008, Kushner joked he was on his "967,000th book about Abraham Lincoln".[33] Kushner's initial 500-page draft focused on four months in the life of Lincoln, and by February 2009 he had rewritten it to focus on two months in Lincoln's life when he was preoccupied with adopting the Thirteenth Amendment.[31]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Spielberg first approached Daniel Day-Lewis about the project in 2003, but Day-Lewis turned down the part at the time, believing the idea of himself playing Lincoln to be "preposterous".[34] Liam Neeson was then cast as Lincoln in January 2005, having previously worked with Spielberg in Schindler's List.[27] In preparation for the role, Neeson studied Lincoln extensively.[35] However, in July 2010, Neeson left the project, saying that he had grown too old for the part. Neeson was 58 at the time, and Lincoln, during the time period depicted, was 55 and 56.[36] In an interview with GQ Neeson stated that he realized during a table read that the part was not right for him in "a thunderbolt moment" and after the read requested that Spielberg recast his role.[37] Co-star Sally Field, in a 2012 PBS interview, intimated that Neeson's decision was influenced by the death of his wife Natasha Richardson less than a year earlier.[38][39] In November 2010, it was announced that Day-Lewis would replace Neeson in the role.[40]

text: While promoting Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in May 2008, Spielberg announced his intention to start filming in early 2009,[41] for release in November, ten months after the 200th anniversary of Lincoln's birth.[26] In January 2009, Taunton and Dighton, Massachusetts were being scouted as potential locations.[42] Spielberg arranged a $50 million budget for the film, to please Paramount Pictures CEO Brad Grey, who had previously delayed the project over concerns it was too similar to Spielberg's commercially unsuccessful Amistad (1997). Spielberg had wanted Touchstone Pictures – which agreed to distribute all his films from 2010 – to distribute the film, but he was unable to afford paying off Paramount, which had collaborated with DreamWorks on the film's development.[43]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming took place in Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Petersburg, Virginia. In reference to Petersburg, according to location manager Colleen Gibbons, "one thing that attracted the filmmakers to the city was the 180-degree vista of historic structures" which is "very rare".[44]

text: The Virginia State Capitol served as the exteriors and interiors of the U.S Capitol, and the exteriors of the White House. The House of Delegates inside the building was remodeled to fit for The House of Representatives Chamber set. Scenes representing Grovers Theatre were filmed in Fredericksburg, Virginia, at Virginia Repertory Theatre's November Theatre.[45]

text: Music[edit]

text: John Williams composed and conducted the score. The score was recorded by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Chicago Symphony Chorus.[46][47] The soundtrack album was released by Sony Classical on November 6, 2012.

text:
Lincoln: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Film score by John Williams

Released
November 6, 2012 (2012-11-06)

Recorded
2012

Studio
Symphony Center, Chicago

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
58:46

Label
Sony Classical

Producer
John Williams

text: All music was composed by Williams, except "Battle Cry of Freedom," which was written in 1862 by American composer George Frederick Root (1820–1895) during the American Civil War.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"The People's House"
3:43

2.
"The Purpose of the Amendment"
3:07

3.
"Getting Out the Vote"
2:49

4.
"The American Process"
3:57

5.
"The Blue and Grey"
3:00

6.
""With Malice Toward None""
1:51

7.
"Call to Muster, and Battle Cry of Freedom"
2:17

8.
"The Southern Delegation, and the Dream"
4:43

9.
"Father and Son"
1:42

10.
"The Race to the House"
2:42

11.
"Equality under the Law"
3:12

12.
"Freedom's Call"
6:08

13.
"Elegy"
2:35

14.
"Remembering Willie"
1:51

15.
"Appomattox, April 9, 1865"
2:38

16.
"The Peterson House, and Finale"
11:00

17.
""With Malice Toward None" (Piano Solo)"
1:31

Total length:
58:46

text: Release[edit]

text: Lincoln held its world premiere at the New York Film Festival on October 8, 2012.[48] The film was also screened at the 2012 AFI Film Festival on November 8, 2012.[49] Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributed the film in North America through the Touchstone Pictures banner, while 20th Century Fox distributed the film in the remaining international territories.[9] Disney Publishing Worldwide released several companion books and ancillary literature in anticipation of the film, including Lincoln: A Cinematic and Historical Companion and Lincoln: A Spielberg Film – Discover the Story.[50] DreamWorks and Google Play released the film's trailer during a Google+ hangout with Spielberg and Joseph Gordon-Levitt on September 13, 2012.[51] Then, on September 10, 2012, a teaser for the trailer was released.[52]

text: Lincoln was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download in North America on March 26, 2013.[53] The film debuted at No. 1 in Blu-ray and DVD sales in its first week of release.[54] Disney Educational Productions donated DVD copies of the film and a teaching guide titled Stand Tall: Live Like Lincoln to more than 37,100 secondary schools in the United States, after Spielberg received letters from educators requesting to incorporate the film into their curriculum.[55][56][57]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Lincoln earned $182,207,973 in North America from 2,293 theaters and $93,085,477 overseas for a total of $275,293,450, well exceeding its $65 million budget. The film had a limited opening in 11 theaters with $944,308 and an average of $85,846 per theater. It opened at the #15 rank, becoming the highest opening of a film with such a limited release. The film opened in 1,175 theaters with $21,049,406 and an average of $11,859 per theater.[4] Due to the widespread success of Lincoln, Disney produced additional prints of the film to accommodate theater demand.[58]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Lincoln received worldwide critical acclaim. The cast was notably lauded, especially Day-Lewis, Field, and Jones. The film currently holds a 90% approval rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 261 reviews with an average rating of 8/10,[59] with the critical consensus "Daniel Day-Lewis characteristically delivers in this witty, dignified portrait that immerses the audience in its world and entertains even as it informs." On Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 86 (out of 100) based on 44 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim", thus making it Spielberg's highest rated film on the site since Saving Private Ryan.[60]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 4 out of 4 stars and said, "The hallmark of the man, performed so powerfully by Daniel Day-Lewis in Lincoln, is calm self-confidence, patience and a willingness to play politics in a realistic way."[61] Glenn Kenny of MSN Movies gave it 5 out of 5 stars stating, "It's the most remarkable movie Steven Spielberg has made in quite a spell, and one of the things that makes it remarkable is how it fulfills those expectations by simultaneously ignoring and transcending them."[62]

text: Colin Covert of the Star Tribune wrote, "Lincoln is one of those rare projects where a great director, a great actor and a great writer amplify one another's gifts. The team of Steven Spielberg, Daniel Day-Lewis and Tony Kushner has brought forth a triumphant piece of historical journalism, a profound work of popular art and a rich examination of one of our darkest epochs."[63] It was praised by Charlie McCollum of the San Jose Mercury News as "one of the finest historical dramas ever committed to film."[64] Despite mostly positive reviews, Rex Reed of The New York Observer stated, "In all, there's too much material, too little revelation and almost nothing of Spielberg's reliable cinematic flair." However, the reviews have been unanimous in their praise of Day-Lewis's performance as Abraham Lincoln. A. O. Scott from The New York Times stated the film "is finally a movie about how difficult and costly it has been for the United States to recognize the full and equal humanity of black people" and concluded that the movie was "a rough and noble democratic masterpiece".[65]

text: Scott also stated that Lincoln's concern about his wife's emotional instability and "the strains of a wartime presidency... produce a portrait that is intimate but also decorous, drawn with extraordinary sensitivity and insight and focused, above all, on Lincoln's character as a politician. This is, in other words, less a biopic than a political thriller, a civics lesson that is energetically staged and alive with moral energy."[65]

text: Lebanese film critic Anis Tabet gave the film a positive review, giving it a 3.5/4 rating.[66]

text: As reported in the Maariv newspaper, on February 3, 2013, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu and his ministers discussed Spielberg's film, which several of them saw in Israeli cinemas. They debated whether the end of abolishing slavery justified the means used by Lincoln, and also compared Lincoln's predicament with their own complicated situation in the confused aftermath of the 2013 Israeli elections.[67]

text: The review by The Daily Mail suggested: "The sad truth is that Spielberg and his writer Tony Kushner are offering a phoney, sanitised version of Lincoln."[68]

text: Historian response[edit]

text: Eric Foner (Columbia University), a Pulitzer Prize–winning historian of the period, claimed in a letter to The New York Times that "The film grossly exaggerates the possibility that by January 1865 the war might have ended with slavery still intact." He also noted, "The 13th Amendment originated not with Lincoln but with a petition campaign early in 1864 organized by the Women’s National Loyal League, an organization of abolitionist feminists headed by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton."[69] Kate Masur (Northwestern University) accuses the film of oversimplifying the role of blacks in abolition and dismissed the effort as "an opportunity squandered" in an op-ed for The New York Times.[70] Harold Holzer, co-chair of the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation and author of more than 40 books, served as a consultant to the film and praised it, but also observed that there is "no shortage of small historical bloopers in the movie" in a piece for The Daily Beast. Holzer states, "As for the Spielberg movie’s opening scene, ... it is almost inconceivable that any uniformed soldier of the day (or civilians, for that matter) would have memorized a speech that, however ingrained in modern memory, did not achieve any semblance of a national reputation until the 20th century." [71]

text: Barry Bradford, a member of the Organization of American Historians, offers an analysis of some of the finer historical points of the film's representation of clothing, relationships and appearance.[72] Allen Guelzo (Gettysburg College), also writing for The Daily Beast, had some plot criticism, but disagreed with Holzer, arguing that, "The pains that have been taken in the name of historical authenticity in this movie are worth hailing just on their own terms".[73] In a later interview with the World Socialist Web Site Guelzo claimed that "the film was 90 percent on the mark, which given the way Hollywood usually does history is saying something".[74] David Stewart, independent historical author, writing for History News Network, described Spielberg's work as "reasonably solid history", and told readers of HNN to "go see it with a clear conscience".[75] Lincoln biographer Ronald White also admired the film, though he noted a few mistakes and pointed out in an interview with NPR, "Is every word true? No."[76]

text: Historian Joshua M. Zeitz, writing in The Atlantic, noted some minor mistakes, but concluded "Lincoln is not a perfect film, but it is an important film".[77] Following a screening during the film's opening weekend, the Minnesota Civil War Commemoration Task Force held a panel discussion in which Dr. David Woodard of Concordia University remarked, "I always look at these films to see if a regular person who wasn't a 'Lincoln nut' would want to read a book about it after they watched the movie. I get the impression that most people who are not history buffs will now want to read something about Lincoln."[78]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Top ten lists[edit]

text: Lincoln was listed on many critics' top ten lists.[79]

text:
1st – David Denby, The New Yorker (tied with Zero Dark Thirty)
1st – Owen Gleiberman, Entertainment Weekly
1st – Stephen Holden, The New York Times
1st – Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle
2nd – Lisa Schwarzbaum, Entertainment Weekly
2nd – David Edelstein, New York
2nd – Betsy Sharkey, Los Angeles Times (tied with Django Unchained)
2nd – Christopher Orr, The Atlantic
2nd – Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
2nd – Ann Hornaday, The Washington Post
2nd – Huffington Post
2nd – A.O. Scott, The New York Times
3rd – Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times
3rd – Mike Scott, The Times-Picayune
3rd – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
3rd – Mary Pols, Time
3rd – Dana Stevens, Slate
4th – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
4th – Rene Rodriguez, Miami Herald
4th – Bill Goodykoontz, Arizona Republic
4th – Joshua Rothkopf, Time Out New York
4th – Alison Willmore, The A.V. Club
4th – Steven Rea, Philadelphia Inquirer
5th – Anne Thompson, Indiewire
5th – Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News
6th – Ty Burr, Boston Globe
6th – David Fear, Time Out New York
6th – Kristopher Tapley, HitFix
6th – Jake Coyle, Associated Press
6th – Andrew O'Hehir, Salon.com
7th – Glenn Kenny, MSN Movies
8th – David Germain, Associated Press
8th – Lisa Kennedy, Denver Post
10th – Melissa Anderson, Village Voice
10th – Richard Roeper, Chicago Sun-Times
Best of 2014 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Bob Mondello, NPR
Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Claudia Puig, USA Today
Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Joe Morgenstern, The Wall Street Journal