document_title: Legoland

question_text: how many legoland's are there in the whole world

question_tokens: how many legoland 's are there in the whole world

text: Legoland

text: Attractions[edit]

text: The parks are marketed to families with younger children (11 and under), and although the attractions include a number of roller coasters, the roller coasters are not as numerous or as extreme as those in other parks, and there is a greater emphasis on rides suitable for younger children. Legoland parks are split into various areas, which are consistent among the chain's parks. For example, all six of the parks include a Lego miniland, a model village which includes models of landmarks and scenes from around the world, made from millions of genuine Lego bricks.

text: Educational elements[edit]

text: An important aspect of Legoland is education and learning.

text: Examples include:

text:
Water flow channels in which participants can construct dams from Lego blocks to understand laminar and turbulent fluid flows
Interactive musical instruments, such as musical fountains, and the Aquatune hydraulophone, which is an underwater pipe organ in the shape of a giant Lego block
A Lego Mindstorms centre for fun-based learning
Duplo Gardens (for smaller children)
Driving area (including attractions such as Driving school, Boating school, Ballooning school, Flying school, and Fire Academy)
My Town
Wild Woods
Knights' Kingdom

text: The parks' rides are all Lego themed; many are made to appear as if they are built out of Lego bricks. They tend to be based on one particular line of Lego: for example, a popular ride at all six parks is the Dragon Coaster, which is loosely based on the Knights' Kingdom Lego sets. Another popular ride is the Driving school, in which children can drive small electric cars made to look like Lego cars around a small road network, after which they gain a mock driving license.

text: Despite the commonality of the above-mentioned attractions, the exact set of rides varies between parks, although as with the Disney parks there is some overlap.

text: Parks[edit]

text:
Site
Location
Opened
Details

Europe

Legoland Billund Resort
Billund, Denmark
1968[1]
The oldest Legoland and was built near the original Lego factory. It is divided into ten different worlds: Duplo Land, Imagination Zone, LEGOREDO Town, Adventure Land, Miniland, Pirate Land, Lego City, Knights Kingdom, Viking Land, and Polar Land. The park has 1.6 million visitors annually, making it the largest tourist attraction in Denmark outside Copenhagen.

Legoland Deutschland Resort
Günzburg, Germany
2002
As of 2009, there are seven areas in the park, including: Imagination Center, Miniland, LEGO X-treme, LEGO City, Knights Kingdom, Adventure Land, and Land of the Pirates.

Legoland Windsor Resort
Windsor, Berkshire
1996
Built on the site of the previous Windsor Safari Park. As of 2015, there are twelve areas in the park, including: The Beginning, Imagination Centre, Miniland, Duplo Land, Heartlake City, LEGO City, Land of the Vikings, Kingdom of the Pharaohs, Pirates Shores, Knights Kingdom, Star Wars and Adventure Land. It is the largest Legoland park in the world in terms of area – its area is approximately five times greater than that of Legoland Billund.

Middle East

Legoland Dubai Resort
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
October 31, 2016[2]
It was originally scheduled to open in 2011 in Dubailand as "Legoland Dubailand",[3] but was then delayed until October 2016 and is now located at Dubai Parks and Resorts and Water Park as "Legoland Dubai".[4] It has 6 areas: Factory, Lego City, Imagination, Kingdoms, Adventure, and the first indoor Miniland.

North America

Legoland California
Carlsbad, California
March 20, 1999
The park is split into nine sections, which are: The Beginning, Explorer Island, Heartlake City, Fun Town, Castle Hill, Miniland USA, Imagination Zone, Pirate Shores, and Land of Adventure. A Sea Life aquarium is adjacent to Legoland California. In 2010, a water park opened on its grounds, as one of the only three of Legoland parks (Followed by Legoland Florida [Formerly known as Splash Island], Malaysia, and Dubai being the newest) to feature a water park. On May 24, 2014, an add-on was built for the water park, themed after Legends of Chima.

Legoland Florida
Winter Haven, Florida
October 15, 2011
The second Legoland park in the United States, and the world's second largest Legoland park after Legoland Windsor which is 5 times bigger than the one in Billund.[5] The park was built on the former site of Cypress Gardens, a historically famous Florida theme park. This park is divided into 13 areas: The Beginning, Fun Town, Duplo Land, Miniland USA, Kingdoms, Pirates Cove, Imagination Zone, Technic, Land of Adventure, Lego City, Chima, LEGO Friends, Ninjago, and a restored replica of Cypress Gardens. Legoland Florida opened a water park replacing the former Cypress Gardens "Splash Island" water park on May 26, 2012.

Asia

Legoland Japan
Nagoya, Japan
April 1, 2017[6]
On June 30, 2014, Merlin and Nagoya city officially announced that they had signed a contract to construct Legoland Japan, to open in Nagoya harbour, Japan, in February 2017.[7] Construction officially began on April 15, 2015.[8] The park is expected to cost around US$15 million to construct for the first stage.[9] According to the contract, the second stage of the Legoland will be completed in 2021.

Legoland Malaysia Resort
Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia
September 15, 2012
It is the first Legoland in Asia. Initially, there are seven themed areas of attractions for all ages which are; Miniland, The Beginning, Land of Adventure, Imagination, LEGO Kingdom, LEGO Technic, and LEGO City. The centerpiece of the park is Miniland, where almost all Asian landmarks were built using LEGO bricks. LEGOLAND® Water Park was built up by March 11, 2016.

text: Future parks[edit]

text:
Site
Proposed location
Planned opening date
Details

North America

Legoland New York
Goshen, New York
2020
In May 2016 Merlin Entertainment PLC reported that it had purchased 520 acres (210 ha) in Goshen, New York, A town where amusement parks are prohibited by law {current goshen zoning} "just south of the former Arden Hill Hospital" to develop a Legoland theme park,[10] If approved, the project would break ground in spring 2017 and is expected to be completed two years later. In October 2017 the Goshen town board approved the site plan for the proposed park.[11] Site-clearing work started in January 2018, with a planned opening date of 2020.[12] A Legoland Hotel is also planned to open in 2020 along with the park.

Asia

Legoland Korea
Gangwon Province, South Korea
Spring 2019
Legoland Korea is currently under construction in Chuncheon, Gangwon Province slated for opening in Spring 2019[13] and will be the world's largest Legoland at nearly 1.3 million square meters including a Lego hotel, condos, water park, spa and outlets.[14] It will be the world's first Legoland located on an island.[15] Construction of the bridge connecting the Legoland island to Chuncheon Station officially began on November 28, 2014 and construction of the theme park will be finished by January 2019.[14][16] Located next to Seoul Metropolitan Subway's Chuncheon Station, the site is a 1-hour trip from Seoul via the ITX train.

Legoland Shanghai
Qingpu District, Shanghai
2022
On October 21, 2015, Merlin and China Media Capital announced a $300 million joint venture investment to build a Legoland amusement park in Shanghai, China.[17] Merlin Chief Executive Nick Varney said that Legoland Shanghai would be a similarly sized investment to the $300 million parks it is building in Japan, Korea and Dubai. It is expected to open in the Dianshan Lake area in Qingpu District by 2022.[18]

text: Former parks[edit]

text: There was an earlier Legoland Park in Germany, from 1973 to 1976.[19] It was located in the city of Sierksdorf in northern Germany. In 1976 the park was sold; the former Legoland Sierksdorf is now Hansa-Park.[20][21]


document_title: NFC Championship Game

question_text: when was the last time the cowboys were in the nfc championship

root

text: NFC Championship Game

text: History[edit]

text: The first NFC Championship Game was played following the 1970 regular season after the merger between the NFL and the American Football League. The game is considered the successor to the original NFL Championship, and its game results are listed with that of its predecessor in the annual NFL Record and Fact Book.[1] Since the pre-merger NFL consisted of six more teams than the AFL, a realignment was done as part of the merger to create two conferences with an equal number of teams: The NFL's Baltimore Colts, the Cleveland Browns, and the Pittsburgh Steelers joined the ten former AFL teams to form the AFC; while the remaining 13 pre-merger NFL clubs formed the NFC.

tag: p

text: Every NFC team has played in an NFC Championship at least once. The Seattle Seahawks, who have been members in both the AFC and the NFC, hold the distinction of appearing in both conference title games. Only the Detroit Lions have yet to win an NFC Championship Game.

text: Playoff structure[edit]

text: At the end of each regular season, a series of playoff games involving the top six teams in the NFC are conducted. In the current (since 2002–03 season) NFL playoff structure, this consists of the four division champions and two wild card teams (those clubs that possess the two best won-loss records after the regular season yet fail to win their division). The two teams remaining following the Wild Card round (first round) and the divisional round (second round) play in the NFC Championship game.

text: Initially, the site of the game was determined on a rotating basis. Since the 1975–76 season, the site of the NFC Championship has been based on playoff seeding based on the regular season won-loss record, with the highest surviving seed hosting the game. A wild card team can only host the game if both participants are wild cards, in which case the fifth seed would host the sixth seed. Such an instance has never occurred in the NFL.

text: George Halas Trophy[edit]

text: Beginning with 1984-85 season, the winner of the NFC Championship Game has received the George Halas Trophy, named after the longtime owner and coach of the Chicago Bears, a charter member of the NFL. The original design consisted of a wooden base with a sculpted NFC logo in the front and a sculpture of various football players in the back.

text: It, and the Lamar Hunt Trophy that is awarded to the AFC champion, were redesigned for the 2010–11 NFL playoffs by Tiffany & Co. at the request of the NFL in an attempt to make both awards more significant.[2] The trophies are now a new, silver design with the outline of a hollow football positioned on a small base to more closely resemble the Vince Lombardi Trophy, awarded to the winner of the Super Bowl.[3]

text: The George Halas Trophy should not be confused with the Newspaper Enterprise Association's George S. Halas Trophy which was awarded to the NFL's defensive player of the year from 1966 to 1996 or the Pro Football Writers Association's George S. Halas Courage Award.

text: List of NFC Championship Games[edit]

text:
Season
Playoffs
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Score
Location
Stadium

1970
1970–71
Dallas Cowboys (1)
17
San Francisco 49ers
10
San Francisco, California
Kezar Stadium[4]

1971
1971–72
Dallas Cowboys (2)
14
San Francisco 49ers
3
Irving, Texas
Texas Stadium

1972
1972–73
Washington Redskins (1)
26
Dallas Cowboys
3
Washington, D.C.
RFK Stadium[5]

1973
1973–74
Minnesota Vikings (1)
27
Dallas Cowboys
10
Irving, Texas (2)
Texas Stadium (2)

1974
1974–75
Minnesota Vikings (2)
14
Los Angeles Rams
10
Bloomington, Minnesota
Metropolitan Stadium

1975
1975–76
Dallas Cowboys (3)
37
Los Angeles Rams
7
Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum[6]

1976
1976–77
Minnesota Vikings (3)
24
Los Angeles Rams
13
Bloomington, Minnesota (2)
Metropolitan Stadium (2)

1977
1977–78
Dallas Cowboys (4)
23
Minnesota Vikings
6
Irving, Texas (3)
Texas Stadium (3)

1978
1978–79
Dallas Cowboys (5)
28
Los Angeles Rams
0
Los Angeles, California (2)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (2)

1979
1979–80
Los Angeles Rams (1)
9
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
0
Tampa, Florida
Tampa Stadium

1980
1980–81
Philadelphia Eagles (1)
20
Dallas Cowboys
7
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Veterans Stadium

1981
1981–82
San Francisco 49ers (1)
28
Dallas Cowboys
27
San Francisco, California (2)
Candlestick Park

1982
1982–83 [7]
Washington Redskins (2)
31
Dallas Cowboys
17
Washington, D.C. (2)
RFK Stadium (2)

1983
1983–84
Washington Redskins (3)
24
San Francisco 49ers
21
Washington, D.C. (3)
RFK Stadium (3)

1984
1984–85
San Francisco 49ers (2)
23
Chicago Bears
0
San Francisco, California (3)
Candlestick Park (2)

1985
1985–86
Chicago Bears (1)
24
Los Angeles Rams
0
Chicago, Illinois
Soldier Field

1986
1986–87
New York Giants (1)
17
Washington Redskins
0
East Rutherford, New Jersey
Giants Stadium

1987
1987–88
Washington Redskins (4)
17
Minnesota Vikings
10
Washington, D.C. (4)
RFK Stadium (4)

1988
1988–89
San Francisco 49ers (3)
28
Chicago Bears
3
Chicago, Illinois (2)
Soldier Field (2)

1989
1989–90
San Francisco 49ers (4)
30
Los Angeles Rams
3
San Francisco, California (4)
Candlestick Park (3)

1990
1990–91
New York Giants (2)
15
San Francisco 49ers
13
San Francisco, California (5)
Candlestick Park (4)

1991
1991–92
Washington Redskins (5)
41
Detroit Lions
10
Washington, D.C. (5)
RFK Stadium (5)

1992
1992–93
Dallas Cowboys (6)
30
San Francisco 49ers
20
San Francisco, California (6)
Candlestick Park (5)

1993
1993–94
Dallas Cowboys (7)
38
San Francisco 49ers
21
Irving, Texas (4)
Texas Stadium (4)

1994
1994–95
San Francisco 49ers (5)
38
Dallas Cowboys
28
San Francisco, California (7)
Candlestick Park (6)

1995
1995–96
Dallas Cowboys (8)
38
Green Bay Packers
27
Irving, Texas (5)
Texas Stadium (5)

1996
1996–97
Green Bay Packers (1)
30
Carolina Panthers
13
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Lambeau Field

1997
1997–98
Green Bay Packers (2)
23
San Francisco 49ers
10
San Francisco, California (8)
3Com Park (7)

1998
1998–99
Atlanta Falcons (1)
30a[›]
Minnesota Vikings
27
Minneapolis, Minnesota (3)
Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome

1999
1999–00
St. Louis Rams (2)
11
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
6
St. Louis, Missouri
Trans World Dome

2000
2000–01
New York Giants (3)
41
Minnesota Vikings
0
East Rutherford, New Jersey (2)
Giants Stadium (2)

2001
2001–02
St. Louis Rams (3)
29
Philadelphia Eagles
24
St. Louis, Missouri (2)
Edward Jones Dome (2)

2002
2002–03
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1)
27
Philadelphia Eagles
10
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2)
Veterans Stadium (2)

2003
2003–04
Carolina Panthers (1)
14
Philadelphia Eagles
3
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (3)
Lincoln Financial Field

2004
2004–05
Philadelphia Eagles (2)
27
Atlanta Falcons
10
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (4)
Lincoln Financial Field (2)

2005
2005–06
Seattle Seahawks (1)
34
Carolina Panthers
14
Seattle, Washington
Qwest Field

2006
2006–07
Chicago Bears (2)
39
New Orleans Saints
14
Chicago, Illinois (3)
Soldier Field (3)

2007
2007–08
New York Giants (4)
23a[›]
Green Bay Packers
20
Green Bay, Wisconsin (2)
Lambeau Field (2)

2008
2008–09
Arizona Cardinals (1)
32
Philadelphia Eagles
25
Glendale, Arizona
University of Phoenix Stadium

2009
2009–10
New Orleans Saints (1)
31a[›]
Minnesota Vikings
28
New Orleans, Louisiana
Louisiana Superdome

2010
2010–11
Green Bay Packers (3)
21
Chicago Bears
14
Chicago, Illinois (4)
Soldier Field (4)

2011
2011–12
New York Giants (5)
20a[›]
San Francisco 49ers
17
San Francisco, California (9)
Candlestick Park (8)

2012
2012–13
San Francisco 49ers (6)
28
Atlanta Falcons
24
Atlanta, Georgia
Georgia Dome

2013
2013–14
Seattle Seahawks (2)
23
San Francisco 49ers
17
Seattle, Washington (2)
CenturyLink Field (2)

2014
2014–15
Seattle Seahawks (3)
28a[›]
Green Bay Packers
22
Seattle, Washington (3)
CenturyLink Field (3)

2015
2015–16
Carolina Panthers (2)
49
Arizona Cardinals
15
Charlotte, North Carolina
Bank of America Stadium

2016
2016–17
Atlanta Falcons (2)
44
Green Bay Packers
21
Atlanta, Georgia (2)
Georgia Dome (2)

2017
2017–18
TBD
—
TBD
—

tag: table

text: ^ a: Overtime

text: Appearances 1970–present[edit]

text:
Num
Team
W
L
PCT
PF
PA
Last appearance
Last championship
Home games
Home wins
Home losses
Home Win Pct.
Away games
Away wins
Away losses
Away Win Pct.

15
San Francisco 49ers
6
9
.400
307
289
2013
2012
9
4
5
.444
6
2
4
.333

14
Dallas Cowboys
8
6
.571
317
264
1995
1995
5
4
1
.800
9
4
5
.444

9
Los Angeles/St. Louis Ramsb[›]
3
6
.333
82
187
2001
2001
4
2
2
.500
5
1
4
.200

8
Minnesota Vikings
3
5
.375
136
175
2009
1976
3
2
1
.667
5
1
4
.200

7
Green Bay Packers
3
4
.429
143
126
2016
2010
2
1
1
.500
4
2
2
.500

6
Washington Redskins
5
1
.833
139
78
1991
1991
5
5
0
1.000
1
0
1
.000

6
Philadelphia Eagles
2
4
.333
109
119
2008
2004
4
2
2
.500
2
0
2
.000

5
New York Giants
5
0
1.000
116
50
2011
2011
2
2
0
1.000
3
3
0
1.000

5
Chicago Bears
2
3
.400
80
86
2010
2006
4
2
2
.500
1
0
1
.000

4
Carolina Panthers
2
2
.500
90
82
2015
2015
1
1
0
1.000
3
1
2
.333

4
Atlanta Falcons
2
2
.500
108
103
2016
2016
2
1
1
.500
2
1
1
.500

3
Seattle Seahawksc[›]
3
0
1.000
85
53
2014
2014
3
3
0
1.000
0
0
0
-6 !—–

3
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1
2
.333
33
30
2002
2002
1
0
1
.000
2
1
1
.500

2
New Orleans Saints
1
1
.500
45
67
2009
2009
1
1
0
1.000
1
0
1
.000

2
Arizona Cardinals
1
1
.500
47
74
2015
2008
1
1
0
1.000
1
0
1
.000

1
Detroit Lions
0
1
.000
10
41
1991
N/A
0
0
0
-7 !—–
1
0
1
.000

text: ^ b: Includes appearances during their first tenure in Los Angeles (the 1970 merger to 1994), where they went 1–6 in NFC Championship Games; and their period as the St. Louis Rams (1995–2015), where they went 2–0 in NFC Championship Games.

text: ^ c: The Seahawks were members of the NFC in 1976 and then members of the AFC from 1977–2001, before rejoining the NFC in 2002. Including their only appearance in the AFC Championship Game (0–1), they hold a combined 3–1 record between both Conference Championship Games.

text: NFC Championship Game records[edit]

text:
Most Victories: 8 – Dallas Cowboys (1970–71, 1975, 1977–78, 1992–93, 1995)
Most Losses: 9** – San Francisco 49ers (1970–71, 1983, 1990, 1992–93, 1997, 2011, 2013)
Most Appearances: 15 – San Francisco 49ers (1970–71, 1981, 1983–84, 1988–90, 1992–93–94, 1997, 2011–12–13)
Most Consecutive Appearances: 4 (tie, 2 teams, 3 times)

Dallas Cowboys (1970–1973)
Dallas Cowboys (1992–1995)
Philadelphia Eagles (2001–04)

Most Consecutive Victories: 2 – (tie, 6 teams, 8 times)

Dallas Cowboys (1970–71)
Minnesota Vikings (1973–74)
Dallas Cowboys (1977–78)
Washington Redskins (1982–83)
San Francisco 49ers (1988–89)
Dallas Cowboys (1992–93)
Green Bay Packers (1996–97)
Seattle Seahawks (2013–14)

Most Victories Without a Loss: 5** – New York Giants (1986, 1990, 2000, 2007, 2011)
Most Appearances Without A Win: 1 – Detroit Lions (1991)
Most Defensive Shutouts – 2**; – New York Giants (Jan 11, 1987, 17–0 vs Redskins & Jan 14, 2001, 41–0 vs Vikings)
Most Times Shut Out –2**; – Los Angeles Rams (Jan 7, 1979, 0–28 vs Cowboys & Jan 12, 1986, 0–24 vs Bears)
Most Consecutive Losses: 3* – (tie, 3 times)

Los Angeles Rams (1974–76)
Dallas Cowboys (1980–82)
Philadelphia Eagles (2001–03)

Most Games Hosted: 9 – San Francisco 49ers (1970, 1981, 1984, 1989–90, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2011)
Most numerous matchup: 6** – Dallas Cowboys vs. San Francisco 49ers (1970–1971, 1981, 1992–1994)
Most points scored: 49 points – January 24, 2016 – Carolina Panthers vs. Arizona Cardinals (2015 season)
Largest margin of victory: 41 points – January 14, 2001 (2000 season), New York Giants (41) vs. Minnesota Vikings (0)
Closest margin of victory: 1 point – San Francisco 49ers (28) vs. Dallas Cowboys (27), 1981 NFC Championship Game**
Fewest points scored, winning team: 9**[›]; January 6, 1980 (1979 season) – Los Angeles Rams vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Fewest points scored – 0*; (tie, 5 teams, 6 times)

Los Angeles Rams 0 vs Dallas Cowboys 28 January 7, 1979
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 0 vs Los Angeles Rams 9 January 6, 1980
Chicago Bears 0 vs San Francisco 49ers 23 January 6, 1985
Los Angeles Rams 0 vs Chicago Bears 24 January 12, 1986
Washington Redskins 0 vs New York Giants 17 January 11, 1987
Minnesota Vikings 0 vs New York Giants 41 January 14, 2001

Most points scored, losing team: 28 (tie); January 15, 1995 (1994 season) – Dallas Cowboys vs. San Francisco 49ers, January 24, 2010 (2009 season) – Minnesota Vikings @ New Orleans Saints

tag: ul

text:
Most combined points scored: 66; January 15, 1995 (1994 season) – San Francisco 49ers (38) vs. Dallas Cowboys (28)
Fewest combined points scored: 9**; January 6, 1980 (1979 season) – Los Angeles Rams (9) vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers (0)
Longest game: 71 minutes, 52 seconds**; January 17, 1999 (1998 season) – Atlanta Falcons (30) @ Minnesota Vikings (27), OT
Most NFC Championships won in overtime: 2** – New York Giants (2007, 2011)
Most NFC Championships lost in overtime: 2* (tie) – Green Bay Packers (2007, 2014) Minnesota Vikings (1998, 2009)
Current teams which have never won an NFC Championship

Detroit Lions (0–1)***

Longest drought without appearing in an NFC Championship Game: 23 years

Detroit Lions (last appearance – 1991)
Washington Redskins (last appearance – 1991)

Longest drought without an NFC Championship: 45 years***; Detroit Lions
Largest comeback: 17 points (trailed 17–0; won 28–24), San Francisco 49ers, 2012
Overtime games

1998 Atlanta Falcons 30 Minnesota Vikings 27
2007 New York Giants 23 Green Bay Packers 20
2009 New Orleans Saints 31 Minnesota Vikings 28
2011 New York Giants 20 San Francisco 49ers 17
2014 Seattle Seahawks 28 Green Bay Packers 22

text: *Tied for Conference Championship record

text:
^ **: Conference Championship record
^ ***: Lions most recently won the NFL Championship in 1957 – pre–Super Bowl Era

text: TV Ratings[edit]

text:
2006: 35.233 million viewers; Post Gun: 24.641 million; Post Game: 15.279 million
2007: million viewers; Post Game: million [1] [2]
2008: million viewers; Post Game: million [3]
2009: million viewers; Post Game: 23.83 million (10:27pm–11:02pm) [4]
2010: 57.9 million viewers [5]
2011: 51.9 million viewers;
2012: 57.6 million viewers [6]; Post Game: million [7]
2013: 42.0 million viewers; Post Game: million [8]
2014: 55.91 million viewers(peak: 66.3 million viewers); (6:42-9:59pm); Post Game (9:55-9:59pm): 44.903 million [9]; The OT (9:59-10:19pm): 30.339 million viewers [10] [11] [12]
2015: 49.8 million viewers (peak: 60.5 million viewers); The OT: 16.280 million viewers (6:40-7:06pm)[13]


document_title: Buy side

question_text: is private equity buy side or sell side

question_tokens: is private equity buy side or sell side

text: Buy side

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Buy-side is a term used in investment firms to refer to advising institutions concerned with buying investment services. Private equity funds, mutual funds, life insurance companies, unit trusts, hedge funds, and pension funds are the most common types of buy side entities.

text: In sales and trading, the split between the buy side and sell side should be viewed from the perspective of securities exchange services. The investing community must use those services to trade securities. The "Buy Side" are the buyers of those services; the "Sell Side", also called "prime brokers", are the sellers of those services.

text: Sell side brokerages are registered members of a stock exchange, and are required to be market makers in a given security. Buy side firms usually take speculative positions or make relative value trades. Buy side firms participate in a smaller number of overall transactions, and aim to profit from market movements and accruals rather than through risk management and the bid-offer spread. The 2010 Thomson Reuters Extel/UKSIF Survey shows that buy-side firms are placing more emphasis on sustainability issues in the research and advisory services they receive from brokers.

text: Typically buy side firms do not provide custody services.

text: Buy side can also refer to real estate. There is a sell side and a buy side in every transaction. While most real estate technology currently focuses on the sell side, there are a few companies that are developing tools for the buy-side.[citation needed]

text: Challenges facing buy-side[edit]

text: Globally buy-side asset managers are looking at increased regulation in regards to their use of financial index and benchmark data, including adhering to IOSCO Principles. This is expected to increase cost and time for the buy-side in managing their data.[1]

text: Jump up ^ '2013 Buy-Side Survey' RIMES

tag: ol

text:
[hide]

v
t
e

Corporate finance and investment banking

Capital structure

Convertible debt
Exchangeable debt
Mezzanine debt
Pari passu
Preferred equity
Second lien debt
Senior debt
Senior secured debt
Shareholder loan
Stock
Subordinated debt
Warrant

Transactions
(terms/conditions)

Equity offerings

At-the-market offering
Book building
Bookrunner
Corporate spin-off
Equity carve-out
Follow-on offering
Greenshoe

Reverse

Initial public offering
Private placement
Public offering
Rights issue
Seasoned equity offering
Secondary market offering
Underwriting

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document_title: The Sixth Sense

question_text: who played the wife in the sixth sense

question_tokens: who played the wife in the sixth sense

text: The Sixth Sense

text: Plot[edit]

text: Malcolm Crowe, a child psychologist in Philadelphia, returns home one night with his wife, Anna, after having been honored for his work. Anna tells Crowe that everything is second to his work, and that she believes he is truly gifted. A young man then appears in their bathroom, and accuses Crowe of failing him. Crowe recognizes him as Vincent Grey, a former patient whom he treated as a child for hallucinations. Vincent shoots his former doctor before killing himself.

text: The next fall, Crowe begins working with another patient, nine-year-old Cole Sear, whose case is similar to Vincent's. Crowe becomes dedicated to the boy, though he is haunted by doubts over his ability to help him after his failure with Vincent. Meanwhile, he and his wife seldom, if ever, speak or do anything together. Crowe feels he must help Cole in order to rectify his failure to help Vincent and reconcile with his wife. Cole's mother, Lynn worries about his social stamina, especially after seeing signs of physical abuse. Cole eventually confides his secret to Crowe: he sees ghosts, who walk around like the living unaware they are dead.

text: At first, Crowe thinks Cole is delusional and considers dropping his case. Remembering Vincent, the psychologist listens to an audiotape from a session with Vincent when he was a child. On the tape, when Crowe leaves the room, Vincent begins crying. Turning up the volume, Crowe hears a weeping man begging for help in Spanish, and now believes that Cole is telling the truth and that Vincent may have had the same ability. He suggests to Cole that he should try to find a purpose for his gift by communicating with the ghosts and perhaps aid them with their unfinished business. At first, Cole is unwilling since the ghosts terrify and sometimes even threaten him, but he finally decides to attempt helping.

text: Cole talks to one of the ghosts, a young girl named Kyra who recently died after a chronic illness. He goes with Crowe to her funeral reception at her home, where Kyra directs him to a box holding a videotape, which he then gives to her father. The tape shows Kyra's mother poisoning her stepdaughter's food. By proving she was a victim of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Cole has saved Kyra's younger sister, the mother's next victim.

text: Learning to live with the ghosts he sees, Cole begins to fit in at school and is cast as the lead in the school play, which Crowe attends. The doctor and patient depart on positive terms and Cole suggests to Crowe that he should try speaking to Anna while she is asleep. Later, while stuck in traffic, Cole confesses his secret to his mother, saying that someone died in an accident ahead of their traffic and he knows because the person is next to him. Although his mother at first does not believe him, Cole proves his ability to her by talking about how his grandmother visits him. He describes how his grandmother saw his mother in a dance performance, even though Lynn thought her mother was not there. He further relays the answer to a question his mother privately asked at her mother's grave. When Cole says that his grandmother feels proud of Lynn, his mother tearfully accepts the truth and they hug each other.

text: Crowe returns home, where he finds his wife asleep with their wedding video playing. While still asleep, Anna asks her husband why he left her, and drops Crowe's wedding ring, which he suddenly discovers he has not been wearing. He remembers what Cole said about ghosts and realizes that he was actually killed by Vincent and was unknowingly dead the entire time he was working with Cole. Because of Cole's efforts, Crowe's unfinished business – rectifying his failure to understand and help Vincent – is finally complete. Crowe fulfills the second reason he returned; to tell his wife she was never second, and that he loves her. His goal complete, he is free to leave the world of the living.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Bruce Willis as Malcolm Crowe
Haley Joel Osment as Cole Sear
Toni Collette as Lynn Sear
Olivia Williams as Anna Crowe
Donnie Wahlberg as Vincent Grey
Glenn Fitzgerald as Sean
Mischa Barton as Kyra Collins
Trevor Morgan as Tommy Tammisimo
Bruce Norris as Mr. Stanley Cunningham
Angelica Page as Mrs. Collins
Greg Wood as Mr. Collins
M. Night Shyamalan as Dr. Hill
Peter Tambakis as Darren
Jeffrey Zubernis as Bobby

text: Production[edit]

text: David Vogel, then-president of production of The Walt Disney Studios, read Shyamalan's spec script and instantly loved it. Without obtaining corporate approval, Vogel bought the rights to the script, despite the high price of $3 million and the stipulation that Shyamalan could direct the film.[2] Disney later dismissed Vogel from his position at the studio, with Vogel leaving the company shortly thereafter.[3] Disney—apparently in a show of little confidence in the film—sold the production rights to Spyglass Entertainment, while retaining the distribution rights and 12.5% of the film's box office receipt.

text: The color red is intentionally absent from most of the film, but it is used prominently in a few isolated shots for "anything in the real world that has been tainted by the other world"[4] and "to connote really explosively emotional moments and situations".[5] Examples include the door of the church where Cole seeks sanctuary; the balloon, carpet, and Cole's sweater at the birthday party; the tent in which he first encounters Kyra; the volume numbers on Crowe's tape recorder; the doorknob on the locked basement door where Malcolm's office is located; the shirt that Anna wears at the restaurant; Kyra's mother's dress at the wake; and the shawl wrapped around the sleeping Anna.

text: All of the clothes Malcolm wears during the film are items he wore or touched the evening before his death, which included his overcoat, his blue rowing sweatshirt and the different layers of his suit. Though the filmmakers were careful about clues of Malcolm's true state, the camera zooms slowly towards his face when Cole says, "I see dead people." In a special feature, the filmmakers mention they initially feared this would be too much of a giveaway, but decided to leave it in.[6]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film had a production budget of approximately $40 million (plus $25 million for prints and advertising). It grossed $26.6 million in its opening weekend and spent five weeks as the No. 1 film at the U.S. box office.[1] It earned $293,506,292 in the United States and a worldwide gross of $672,806,292, ranking it 35th on the list of box-office money earners in the U.S. as of April 2010.[7] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 57.5 million tickets in the US.[8] In the United Kingdom, it was given at first a limited release at 9 screens, and entered at No. 8 before climbing up to No. 1 the next week with 430 theatres playing the film.[9][10]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: The Sixth Sense received positive reviews;[11] Osment in particular was singled out for his acting.[12] Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 85% of 148 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 7.6/10. The site's consensus reads: "M. Night Shayamalan's The Sixth Sense is a twisty ghost story with all the style of a classical Hollywood picture, but all the chills of a modern horror flick."[13] Metacritic rated it 64 out of 100 based on 35 reviews.[14] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[15]

text: By vote of the members of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, The Sixth Sense was awarded the Nebula Award for Best Script during 1999.[16] The film was No. 71 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments, for the scene where Cole encounters a female ghost in his tent. It was named the 89th best American film of all time in a 2007 poll by the American Film Institute.

text: The line "I see dead people" from the film became a popular catchphrase after its release, scoring No. 44 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes. There have been various parodies of this quote.

text: The Sixth Sense also scored 60th place on AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills, honoring America's most "heart pounding movies".

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The Sixth Sense has received numerous awards and nominations, with Academy Award nomination categories ranging from those honoring the film itself (Best Picture), to its writing, editing, and direction (Best Director, Best Editing, and Best Original Screenplay), to its cast's performance (Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress). Especially lauded was the supporting role of actor Haley Joel Osment, whose nominations include an Academy Award,[17] a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award,[18] and a Golden Globe Award.[19] Overall, The Sixth Sense was nominated for six Academy Awards and four British Academy Film Awards, but won none.[17][20] The film received three nominations from the People's Choice Awards and won all of them, with lead actor Bruce Willis being honored for his role.[21] The Satellite Awards nominated the film in four categories, with awards being received for writing (M. Night Shyamalan) and editing (Andrew Mondshein).[22] Supporting actress Toni Collette was nominated for both an Academy Award and a Satellite award for her role in the film.[17][22] James Newton Howard was honored by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers for his composition of the music for the film.[23]

text: In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked the screenplay #50 on its list of 101 Greatest Screenplays ever written.[24]

text: American Film Institute lists[edit]

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – No. 60
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

"I see dead people." – No. 44

AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – No. 89


document_title: List of royalty by net worth

question_text: how much is the ruler of dubai worth

question_tokens: how much is the ruler of dubai worth

text: List of royalty by net worth

text: This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (June 2017)

text: Parts of this article (those related to documentation) need to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2018)

text: This is Forbes' list of richest royals, as estimated by their personal net worth, excluding properties held by the state, government or Crown, in U.S. dollars in 2011.[1][2]

text: Since the publication of the estimates from 2011, Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and Bhumibol of Thailand have died and Beatrix of the Netherlands and Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani have abdicated. A more recent Forbes Article from 2016 updates some of the Arab members of the list.[3]

text:
Rank
Name
Title
Residence
Net worth
Source of wealth

1
Bhumibol Adulyadej
King of Thailand (died 2016)
 Thailand
7010300000000000000♠$30.0 billion (April 2011)[1][2]
Investments derived from the Bureau of the Crown Property.

2
Hassanal Bolkiah
Sultan of Brunei
 Brunei
7010200000000000000♠$20.0 billion (April 2011)[1][2]
Profits from oil and gas industry.

3
Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud
King of Saudi Arabia (died 2015)
 Saudi Arabia
7010180000000000000♠$18.0 billion (April 2011)[1][2]
Profits from oil industry.

4
Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud
Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud
 Saudi Arabia
$17.3 billion (Feb 2016)[3]
Investments, self made

5
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
President of the United Arab Emirates
Emir of Abu Dhabi
 United Arab Emirates
7010150000000000000♠$15.0 billion (April 2011)[1][2]
Investments from the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority.

6
Mohammed VI
King of Morocco
 Morocco
7009570000000000000♠$5.7 billion (2015)[4]
Investments in SNI and Siger Holdings.

7
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
Emir Sheikh of Dubai
 United Arab Emirates
7009450000000000000♠$4.5 billion (April 2011)[1][2]
Majority share of Dubai Holding and investments from the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority.

8
Hans Adam II
Prince of Liechtenstein
 Liechtenstein
7009350000000000000♠$3.5 billion (April 2011)[1]
Holdings in the Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation.

9
Sultan bin Mohammed bin Saud Al Kabeer
Prince Sultan bin Mohammed bin Saud Al Kabeer
 Saudi Arabia
$3.4 billion (Feb 2016)[3]
Dairy farming

10
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
Emir of Qatar (as of 2011, abdicated 2013)
 Qatar
7009240000000000000♠$2.4 billion (April 2011)[1]
From various enterprises.

11
Albert II
Prince of Monaco
 Monaco
7009100000000000000♠$1.0 billion (April 2011)[1][2]
Various enterprises, including Société des bains de mer de Monaco and casinos.

12
Karim al-Hussayni
Aga Khan IV
 France
7008800000000000000♠$800 million (July 2010)[1]
From various enterprises, including Aga Khan Development Network.

13
Qaboos bin Said al Said
Sultan of Oman
 Oman
7008700000000000000♠$700 million (July 2010)[1]
From various enterprises.

14
Elizabeth II
Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms (etc..)
 United Kingdom
7008450000000000000♠$450 million (April 2011)[1][2]
From property, jewellery and other assets. See Finances of the British Royal Family.

15
Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
Emir of Kuwait
 Kuwait
7008350000000000000♠$350 million (July 2010)[1]
From various enterprises.

16
Beatrix
Queen of the Netherlands (as of 2011, abdicated 2013)
 Netherlands
7008200000000000000♠$200 million (April 2011)[1][2]
Holdings in Royal Dutch Shell.

17
Mswati III
King of Swaziland
 Swaziland
7008100000000000000♠$100 million (July 2010)[1]
From various enterprises.


document_title: Colorado Springs Sky Sox

question_text: where do the colorado springs sky sox play

text: Colorado Springs Sky Sox

text: History[edit]

text: From 1950 to 1958, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox were a Class A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox in the Western League. The Sky Sox's nickname originated with their affiliation with the White Sox. The Pikes Peak region was without professional baseball for 30 years until 1988, when the Hawaii Islanders of the PCL relocated to Colorado Springs and became the second incarnation of the Sky Sox. From 1988 to 1992 the Sky Sox were the Triple-A affiliate of the Cleveland Indians. When Denver was awarded a major league franchise for the 1993 season, the new Colorado Rockies arranged for the Sky Sox to become their top farm team.[1]

text: During their first season, the Sky Sox moved from Spurgeon Stadium (in Memorial Park) to the brand new Sky Sox Stadium, now known as Security Service Field. The ballpark, on the eastern edge of Colorado Springs, cost US$3.4 million[2] to build and seats 8,500 spectators. In recent years, the Sky Sox have invested over $8 million on ballpark renovations which included a new video scoreboard, redesigned entrance plaza, new picnic facility and banquet hall. It has the highest elevation of any professional ballpark in the United States: its natural grass field sits at 6,531 feet (1,991 m) above sea level.

text: On June 21, 2017, team owner David G. Elmore announced the relocation of the Sky Sox Triple-A franchise to San Antonio, Texas, in 2019, where the team will continue to compete in the Pacific Coast League as the San Antonio Missions, who are currently members of the Double-A Texas League.[3] They will initially play in Wolff Stadium while negotiations continue for a new ballpark downtown.[4] Construction of the ballpark has been endorsed by Mayor Ivy Taylor and would be partly funded by taxpapers.[5] The Rookie Helena Brewers of the Pioneer League will relocate to Colorado Springs, but operate under a new identity.[6]

text: Roster[edit]

text:
Colorado Springs Sky Sox rostervte

Players

Coaches/Other

Pitchers

34 Tristan Archer
24 Alec Asher
32 Jacob Barnes *
12 Michael Brady
26 Aaron Brooks
 5 Zach Davies *
22 Erik Davis
11 Bubba Derby
19 Tim Dillard
37 Paolo Espino
-- Ariel Hernández  *
33 Adrian Houser  *
36 Nick Ramirez
44 Jake Thompson
10 Quintin Torres-Costa
38 Aaron Wilkerson  *
23 Brandon Woodruff  *
43 Mike Zagurski

Catchers

17 Jett Bandy
29 Christian Bethancourt
39 Dustin Houle
-- Charlie Meyer
27 Jacob Nottingham  *
Infielders

18 Andrés Blanco
10 Mauricio Dubón  *
 7 Jake Hager
13 Dylan Moore
 3 Shane Opitz
 6 Nate Orf  *
-- Angel Ortega  ‡
21 Tyler Saladino  *
25 Richie Shaffer
-- Eric Sogard
Outfielders

 2 Quintin Berry
40 Rymer Liriano
32 Domingo Santana  *
15 Tyrone Taylor

Manager

16 Rick Sweet
Coaches

35 Fred Dabney  (pitching)
20 Dave Joppie (hitting)
 4 Ned Yost IV (coach)
60-day disabled list

-- Hiram Burgos
 7-day disabled list
* On Milwaukee Brewers 40-man roster
# Rehab assignment
∞ Reserve list
‡ Restricted list
§ Suspended list
† Temporary inactive list
Roster  updated August 20, 2018
Transactions
→ More rosters: MiLB • Pacific Coast League
→ Milwaukee Brewers minor league players

text:
Sky Sox logo (1993–2008)

Sky Sox cap (2000–2008)

text: Notable alumni[edit]

text:
Sandy Alomar, Jr.
Nolan Arenado
Garrett Atkins
Brad Ausmus
Albert Belle
Vinny Castilla
Craig Counsell
Joe Girardi
Jimmy Gobble
Carlos González
Brad Hawpe
Todd Helton
Matt Holliday
Doug Jones
Gabe Kapler
Juan Pierre
Scott Podsednik
Jim Thome
Mike Hargrove (Manager)
Charlie Manuel (Manager)


document_title: The Lion King

question_text: where do most of the lions in the lion king live

text: The Lion King

text: Plot

text: In the Pride Lands of Africa, a lion rules over the animal kingdom from Pride Rock. King Mufasa's newborn son, Simba, is presented to the assembled animals by Rafiki, a mandrill who serves as Mufasa's shaman and advisor. Mufasa shows young Simba the Pride Lands and explains to him the responsibilities of kingship and the "circle of life", which connects all living things. Mufasa's younger brother, Scar, covets the throne, plotting to eliminate Mufasa and Simba, so he may become king. He tricks Simba and his best friend Nala, to whom Simba is betrothed, into exploring a forbidden elephants' graveyard, where they are attacked by three spotted hyenas, who are in cahoots with Scar. Mufasa is alerted to the danger by his majordomo, the hornbill Zazu, and rescues the cubs. Though upset with Simba, Mufasa forgives him and explains that the great kings of the past watch over them from the night sky, from which he will one day watch over Simba.

text: Scar sets a trap for his brother and nephew, luring Simba into a gorge and having the hyenas drive a large herd of wildebeest into a stampede that will trample him. He informs Mufasa of Simba's peril, knowing the king will rush to save his son. Mufasa saves Simba, but ends up hanging perilously from the gorge's edge, and is betrayed by Scar, who sends him falling to his death. Scar convinces Simba that the tragedy was Simba's own fault, and advises him to flee the kingdom. He orders the hyenas to kill the cub, but Simba escapes. Scar tells the pride that both Mufasa and Simba were killed in the stampede and steps forward as the new king, allowing a large pack of hyenas to live in the Pride Lands.

text: Simba collapses in a desert and is rescued by Timon and Pumbaa, a meerkat and warthog, who are fellow outcasts. Simba grows up in the jungle with his two new friends, living a carefree life under the motto "hakuna matata" ("no worries" in Swahili). Now a young adult, Simba rescues Timon and Pumbaa from a hungry lioness, who turns out to be Nala. She and Simba reunite and fall in love, and she urges him to return home, telling him that the Pride Lands have become a chaotic dystopia under Scar's reign. Feeling guilty over his father's death, Simba refuses and storms off. He encounters Rafiki, who tells him that Mufasa' spirit lives on in Simba. Simba is visited by the ghost of Mufasa in the night sky, who tells him that he must take his rightful place as king. Realizing he can no longer run from his past, Simba decides to return home.

text: Aided by his friends, Simba sneaks past the hyenas at Pride Rock, and confronts Scar. Scar taunts him over his role in Mufasa's death, and backs him to the edge of the rock, where he reveals to Simba that he actually murdered Mufasa. Enraged, Simba attacks Scar and forces him to reveal the truth to the rest of the pride. Timon, Pumbaa, Rafiki, Zazu, and the lionesses fend off the hyenas, while Scar, attempting to escape, is cornered by Simba at the top of Pride Rock. Scar begs for mercy and attempts to blame the hyenas for his actions; Simba spares his life, but orders him to leave the Pride Lands forever. Scar attacks his nephew, but Simba manages to toss him from the top of the rock. Scar survives the fall, but is attacked and killed by the hyenas, who had overheard his attempt to betray them. With the enemies gone, Simba takes over the kingship as the rains begin to fall, restoring life and peace to the pridelands.

text: Later, with Pride Rock restored to its former glory, Rafiki presents Simba and Nala's newborn cub to the assembled animals, continuing the circle of life.

text: Cast

text:
Matthew Broderick as Simba, son of Mufasa and Sarabi, who grows up to become King of the Pride Lands. Rock singer Joseph Williams provided adult Simba's singing voice. Mark Henn and Ruben A. Aquino respectively served as the supervising animators for young and adult Simba.[3]

Jonathan Taylor Thomas voiced young Simba, while Jason Weaver provided the cub's singing voice.[3]

Jeremy Irons as Scar, Mufasa's younger brother and Simba's uncle, who takes the throne. Andreas Deja served as the supervising animator for Scar.[3]
James Earl Jones as Mufasa, Simba's father, King of the Pride Lands as the film begins. Tony Fucile served as the supervising animator for Mufasa.[3]
Moira Kelly as Nala, Simba's best friend and later his wife. Sally Dworsky provided her singing voice. Aaron Blaise and Anthony de Rosa respectively served as the supervising animators for young and adult Nala.[3]

Niketa Calame provided the voice of young Nala while Laura Williams provided her singing voice.[3]

Nathan Lane as Timon, a wise-cracking and self-absorbed yet somewhat loyal meerkat who becomes one of Simba's best friends and adoptive parents. Michael Surrey served as his supervising animator.[3]
Ernie Sabella as Pumbaa, a naïve warthog who suffers from flatulence and is Timon's best friend and also becomes one of Simba's best friends and adoptive parents. Tony Bancroft served as his supervising animator.[3]
Robert Guillaume as Rafiki, a wise old mandrill (although, while counseling Simba, he jokes that "you are a baboon, and I am not") who serves as shaman of the Pride Lands and presents newborn cubs of the King and Queen to the animals of the Pride Lands. James Baxter served as the supervising animator for Rafiki.[3]
Rowan Atkinson as Zazu, a hornbill who serves as the king's majordomo (or "Mufasa's little stooge", as Shenzi calls him). Ellen Woodbury served as the supervising animator for Zazu.[3]
Madge Sinclair as Sarabi, Mufasa's mate, Simba's mother, and the leader of the lioness hunting party. Russ Edmonds served as the supervising animator for Sarabi.[3]
The three hyenas who serve Scar were animated by Alex Kupershmidt and David Burgess.[3]

Whoopi Goldberg as Shenzi, the sassy and short-tempered female leader of the trio.
Cheech Marin as Banzai, an aggressive and hot-headed hyena prone to complaining and acting on impulse.
Jim Cummings as Ed, a dim-witted hyena who does not talk, only communicating through laughter. Cummings also voiced a mole that talks with Zazu and made a guest appearance as Scar in certain lines of "Be Prepared" after Irons blew his voice.[4]

Zoe Leader as Sarafina, Nala's mother, who is shown briefly talking to Simba's mother, Sarabi.

text: Production

text: Development

text: The idea for The Lion King was conceived in late 1988 during a conversation between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider on a plane to Europe to promote Oliver & Company. During the conversation, the topic of a story set in Africa came up, and Katzenberg immediately jumped at the idea.[5] The idea was then developed by Walt Disney Feature Animation's vice president for creative affairs Charlie Fink.[6] Katzenberg decided to add elements involving coming of age and death, and ideas from personal life experiences, such as some of his trials in his bumpy road in politics, saying about the film, "It is a little bit about myself."[7] In November of that year Thomas Disch (author of The Brave Little Toaster) wrote a treatment entitled King of the Kalahari,[8] and afterwards, Linda Woolverton spent a year writing drafts of the script, which was titled King of the Beasts and then King of the Jungle.[6] The original version of the film was very different from the final film. The plot was centered in a battle being between lions and baboons with Scar being the leader of the baboons, Rafiki being a cheetah,[7] and Timon and Pumbaa being Simba's childhood friends.[9] Simba would also not leave the kingdom but become a "lazy, slovenly, horrible character" due to manipulations from Scar, so Simba could be overthrown after coming of age. By 1990, producer Thomas Schumacher, who had just completed The Rescuers Down Under, decided to attach himself to the project "because lions are cool".[6] Schumacher likened the script for King of the Jungle to "an animated National Geographic special".[10]

text: Oliver & Company director George Scribner was the initial director of the film,[11] being later joined by Roger Allers, who was the lead story man on Beauty and the Beast in October 1991.[5] Allers brought with him Brenda Chapman, who would become the head of story.[6] Afterwards, several of the lead crew members, including Allers, Scribner, Hahn, Chapman, and production designer Chris Sanders, took a trip to Hell's Gate National Park in Kenya, in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film.[12] After six months of story development work Scribner decided to leave the project, as he clashed with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical, as Scribner's intention was of making a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects.[5][13] Rob Minkoff replaced Scribner,[12] and producer Don Hahn joined the production as Schumacher became only an executive producer due to Disney promoting him to Vice President of Development for Feature Animation.[10] Hahn found the script unfocused and lacking a clear theme, and after establishing the main theme as "leaving childhood and facing up to the realities of the world", asked for a final retool. Allers, Minkoff, Chapman and Hahn then rewrote the story across two weeks of meetings with directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale, who had just finished Beauty and the Beast.[12] The script also had its title changed from King of the Jungle to The Lion King, as the setting was not the jungle but the savannah.[5]

text: The Lion King was the first Disney animated feature to be an original story, rather than be based on an already existing work. The filmmakers have said that the story of The Lion King was inspired by the lives of Joseph and Moses, from the Bible, and William Shakespeare's Hamlet.[14] During the summer of 1992, the team was joined by screenwriter Irene Mecchi, with a second screenwriter, Jonathan Roberts, joining a few months later. Mecchi and Roberts took charge of the revision process, fixing unresolved emotional issues in the script and adding comic business for Pumbaa, Timon, and the hyenas.[3] Lyricist Tim Rice worked closely with the writing team, flying to California at least once a month because his songs needed to work in the narrative continuity. Rice's lyrics—which were reworked up to the production's end—were pinned to the storyboards during development.[12] Rewrites were frequent, with animator Andreas Deja saying that completed scenes would be delivered, only for the response to be that parts needed to be reanimated because of dialog changes.[6]

text: Casting

text: The voice actors were chosen for how they fit and could add to the characters—for instance, James Earl Jones was cast because the directors found his voice "powerful" and similar to a lion's roar.[15] Jones commented that during the years of production, Mufasa "became more and more of a dopey dad instead of [a] grand king".[16]

text: Nathan Lane originally auditioned for Zazu, and Ernie Sabella, for one of the hyenas. Upon meeting each other at the recording studio, the actors, who at the time both co-starred in Guys and Dolls, were asked to record together as hyenas. The directors laughed at their performance and decided to cast them as Timon and Pumbaa.[15][17] For the hyenas, the original intention was to reunite Cheech & Chong, but while Cheech Marin accepted to play Banzai, Tommy Chong was unavailable. Thus his role was changed into a female hyena, Shenzi, who was voiced by Whoopi Goldberg.[9]

text: Matthew Broderick was cast as adult Simba early during production, and during the three years of voice acting only recorded with another actor once, and only discovered Moira Kelly voiced Nala at the premiere.[18] English actors Tim Curry and Malcolm McDowell were originally considered for the role of Scar,[19] however, Curry left the role due to Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, and it was ultimately won by English actor Jeremy Irons.[20] Irons had at first refused the role due to not being comfortable going from the dramatic performance as Claus von Bülow in Reversal of Fortune to a comedic role. But once he came in, Irons' performance even inspired the writers to incorporate more of his acting as von Bülow—adding one of that character's lines, "You have no idea"—and animator Andreas Deja to watch both Reversal of Fortune and Damage to pick up Irons's facial traits and tics.[16][21]

text: Animation

text:
"The Lion King was considered a little movie because we were going to take some risks. The pitch for the story was a lion cub gets framed for murder by his uncle set to the music of Elton John. People said, 'What? Good luck with that.' But for some reason, the people who ended up on the movie were highly passionate about it and motivated."

Don Hahn[17]

tag: div

text: The development of The Lion King coincided with that of Pocahontas, which most of the animators of Walt Disney Feature Animation decided to work on instead, believing it would be the more prestigious and successful of the two.[14] The story artists also did not have much faith in the project, with Chapman declaring she was reluctant to accept the job "because the story wasn't very good",[6] and writer Burny Mattinson saying to co-worker Joe Ranft "I don't know who is going to want to watch that one."[13] Most of the leading animators either were doing their first major work supervising a character, or had much interest in animating an animal.[7] Thirteen of these supervising animators, both in California and in Florida, were responsible for establishing the personalities and setting the tone for the film's main characters. The animation leads for the main characters included Mark Henn on young Simba, Ruben A. Aquino on adult Simba, Andreas Deja on Scar, Aaron Blaise on young Nala, Anthony DeRosa on adult Nala, and Tony Fucile on Mufasa.[3] Nearly 20 minutes of the film, including the "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" sequence,[9] were animated at the Disney-MGM Studios facility. More than 600 artists, animators, and technicians contributed to The Lion King.[11] Weeks before the film was to be released, the 1994 Northridge earthquake shut down the studio and required the animators to finish their work from home.[22]

text: The character animators studied real-life animals for reference, as was done for the 1942 Disney film Bambi. Jim Fowler, renowned wildlife expert, visited the studios on several occasions with an assortment of lions and other savannah inhabitants to discuss behavior and help the animators give their drawings authenticity.[12] The animators also studied animal movements at the Miami MetroZoo under guidance from wildlife expert Ron Magill.[23] The Pride Lands are modeled on the Kenyan national park visited by the crew. Varied focal lengths and lenses were employed to differ from the habitual portrayal of Africa in documentaries—which employ telephoto lenses to shoot the wildlife from a distance. The epic feel drew inspiration from concept studies by artist Hans Bacher—which, following Scribner's request for realism, tried to depict effects such as lens flare—and the works of painters Charles Marion Russell, Frederic Remington and Maxfield Parrish.[12][24] Because the characters were not anthropomorphized, all the animators had to learn to draw four-legged animals, and the story and character development was done through use of longer shots following the characters.[9]

text: Computers helped the filmmakers present their vision in new ways. For the "wildebeest stampede" sequence, several distinct wildebeest characters were created in a 3D computer program, multiplied into hundreds, cel shaded to look like drawn animation, and given randomized paths down a mountainside to simulate the real, unpredictable movement of a herd.[25] Five specially trained animators and technicians spent more than two years creating the two-and-a-half-minute stampede.[3] The CAPS helped simulate camera movements such as tracking shots, and was employed in coloring, lighting, and particle effects.[9]

text: Music

text: Lyricist Tim Rice, who was working with composer Alan Menken on songs for Aladdin, was invited to write the songs, and accepted on the condition of finding a composing partner. As Menken was unavailable, the producers accepted Rice's suggestion of Elton John,[15] after Rice's invitation of ABBA fell through due to Benny Andersson being busy with the musical Kristina från Duvemåla.[7] John expressed an interest in writing "ultra-pop songs that kids would like; then adults can go and see those movies and get just as much pleasure out of them", mentioning a possible influence of The Jungle Book, where he felt the "music was so funny and appealed to kids and adults".[26]

text: John and Rice wrote five original songs for the film ("Circle of Life", "I Just Can't Wait to Be King", "Be Prepared", "Hakuna Matata" and "Can You Feel the Love Tonight"), with John's performance of "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" playing over the end credits.[27] The IMAX and DVD releases added another song, "The Morning Report", based on a song discarded during development that eventually featured in the live musical version of The Lion King.[28] The score was composed by Hans Zimmer, who was hired based on his work in two films in African settings, The Power of One and A World Apart,[12] and supplemented the score with traditional African music and choir elements arranged by Lebo M.[27] Zimmer's partners Mark Mancina and Jay Rifkin helped with arrangements and song production.[29]

text: The Lion King original motion picture soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on July 13, 1994. It was the fourth-best-selling album of the year on the Billboard 200 and the top-selling soundtrack.[30] It is the only soundtrack for an animated film to be certified Diamond (10× platinum) by the Recording Industry Association of America. Zimmer's complete instrumental score for the film was never originally given a full release, until the soundtrack's commemorative 20th anniversary re-release in 2014.[31] The Lion King also inspired the 1995 release Rhythm of the Pride Lands, with eight songs by Zimmer, Mancina, and Lebo M.[32]

text: The use of the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" in a scene with Timon and Pumbaa led to disputes between Disney and the family of South African Solomon Linda, who composed the song (originally titled "Mbube") in 1939. In July 2004, Linda's family filed suit, seeking $1.6 million in royalties from Disney. In February 2006, Linda's heirs reached a legal settlement with Abilene Music, who held the worldwide rights and had licensed the song to Disney for an undisclosed amount of money.[33]

text: Release

text: For The Lion King's first film trailer, Disney opted to feature a single scene, the entire opening sequence with the song "Circle of Life". Buena Vista Pictures Distribution president Dick Cook said the decision was made for such an approach because "we were all so taken by the beauty and majesty of this piece that we felt like it was probably one of the best four minutes of film that we've seen", and Don Hahn added that "Circle of Life" worked as a trailer as it "came off so strong, and so good, and ended with such a bang". The trailer was released in November 1993, accompanying The Three Musketeers in theaters, as only a third of The Lion King had been completed.[34][35] Audience reaction was enthusiastic, causing Hahn to have some initial concerns as he became afraid of not living up to the expectations raised by the preview.[34] Prior to the film's release, Disney did 11 test screenings.[36]

text: Upon release, The Lion King was accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign which included tie-ins with Burger King, Mattel, Kodak, Nestlé and Payless ShoeSource, and various merchandise,[37] accounting 186 licensed products.[38][39] In 1994, Disney earned approximately $1 billion with products based on the film,[40] with $214 million for Lion King toys during Christmas 1994 alone.[41]

text: Home media

text: The Lion King was first released on VHS and laserdisc in the United States on March 3, 1995, under Disney's "Masterpiece Collection" video series. The VHS tape contained a special preview for Walt Disney Pictures' then-upcoming animated film Pocahontas, in which the title character (voiced by Judy Kuhn) sings the musical number "Colors of the Wind".[42] In addition, Deluxe Editions of both formats were released. The VHS Deluxe Edition included the film, an exclusive lithograph of Rafiki and Simba (in some editions), a commemorative "Circle of Life" epigraph, six concept art lithographs, another tape with the half-hour TV show The Making of The Lion King, and a certificate of authenticity. The CAV laserdisc Deluxe Edition also contained the film, six concept art lithographs and The Making of The Lion King, and added storyboards, character design artwork, concept art, rough animation, and a directors' commentary that the VHS edition did not have, on a total of four double sided discs. The VHS tape quickly became the best-selling videotape of all time: 4.5 million tapes were sold on the first day[43] and ultimately sales totaled more than 30 million[44] before these home video versions went into moratorium in 1997.[45]

text: On October 7, 2003, the film was re-released on VHS and released on DVD for the first time, titled The Lion King: Platinum Edition, as part of Disney's Platinum Edition line of animated classic DVDs. The DVD release featured two versions of the film on the first disc, a remastered version created for the 2002 IMAX release and an edited version of the IMAX release purporting to be the original 1994 theatrical version.[46] A second disc, with bonus features, was also included in the DVD release. The film's soundtrack was provided both in its original Dolby 5.1 track and in a new Disney Enhanced Home Theater Mix, making this one of the first Disney DVDs so equipped.[47] By means of seamless branching, the film could be viewed either with or without a newly created scene – a short conversation in the film replaced with a complete song ("The Morning Report"). A Special Collector's Gift Set was also released, containing the DVD set, five exclusive lithographed character portraits (new sketches created and signed by the original character animators), and an introductory book entitled The Journey.[45] The Platinum Edition of The Lion King featured changes made to the film during its IMAX re-release, including re-drawn crocodiles in the "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" sequence as well as other alterations.[46] More than two million copies of the Platinum Edition DVD and VHS units were sold on the first day of release.[43] A DVD boxed set of the three The Lion King films (in two-disc Special Edition formats) was released on December 6, 2004. In January 2005, the film, along with the sequels, went back into moratorium.[48]

text: Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the Diamond Edition of The Lion King on October 4, 2011.[49] This marks the time that the film has been released in high-definition Blu-ray and on Blu-ray 3D.[49][50] The initial release was produced in three different packages: a two-disc version with Blu-ray and DVD; a four-disc version with Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D, and digital copy; and an eight-disc box set that also includes the sequels The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride and The Lion King 1½.[49][50] A standalone single-disc DVD release also followed on November 15, 2011.[49] The Diamond Edition topped the Blu-ray charts with over 1.5 million copies sold.[51] The film sold 3.83 million Blu-ray units in total, leading to a $101.14 million income.[52]

text: The Lion King was once again released to home media as part of the Walt Disney Signature Collection;[53] first released on Digital HD on August 15, 2017 and on Blu-ray and DVD on August 29, 2017.[54]

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: The Lion King earned $422,783,777 in North America and an $545,700,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $968,483,777.[2] It is currently the 29th highest-grossing film,[55] the seventh highest-grossing animated film of all time worldwide and the third highest-grossing film of Walt Disney Animation Studios (behind Frozen and Zootopia).[56] The film was also the highest-grossing motion picture of 1994 worldwide.[57] After its initial run, having earned $763.4 million,[58] it ranked as the second-highest-grossing film of all time worldwide, behind Jurassic Park .[59] It held the record for the highest-grossing animated feature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by the computer animated Finding Nemo (2003), Shrek 2 (2004), Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009), and Toy Story 3 (2010) prior to the 2011 re-release. With the earnings of the 3D run, The Lion King surpassed all the aforementioned films but Toy Story 3 to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide—later downgraded to sixth after Frozen (2013), Minions (2015), and Zootopia (2016)—and it remains the highest-grossing hand-drawn animated film.[60] It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance.[61]

text: Original theatrical run

text: The Lion King had a limited release in North America on June 15, 1994, playing in only two theaters, El Capitan Theater in Los Angeles and Radio City Music Hall in New York City.[62] It still earned $1,586,753 across the weekend of June 17–19, standing at the tenth place of the box office ranking.[63] The average of $793,377 per theater stands as the largest ever achieved during a weekend.[64] The wide release followed on June 24, 1994, in 2,550 screens. The digital surround sound of the film led many of those theaters to implement Dolby Laboratories' newest sound systems.[65] The Lion King grossed $40.9 million – which at the time was the fourth biggest opening weekend earning ever and the highest sum for a Disney film  – to top the weekend box office.[11] It also earned a rare "A+" rating from CinemaScore.[66] By the end of its theatrical run, in spring 1995, it had earned $312,855,561,[2] being the second-highest-grossing 1994 film in North America behind Forrest Gump.[67] Outside North America, it earned $455.8 million during its initial run, for a worldwide total of $768.6 million.[58] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 74 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[68]

text: Re-releases

text: IMAX and large-format

text: The film was re-issued on December 25, 2002 for IMAX and large-format theaters. Don Hahn explained that eight years after The Lion King got its original release, "there was a whole new generation of kids who haven't really seen it, particularly on the big screen." Given the film had already been digitally archived during production, the restoration process was easier, while also providing many scenes with enhancements that covered up original deficiencies.[36][69] An enhanced sound mix was also provided to, as Hahn explained, "make the audience feel like they're in the middle of the movie."[36] On its first weekend, The Lion King made $2.7 million from 66 locations, a $27,664 per theater average. This run ended with $15,686,215 on May 30, 2003.[70]

text: 3D conversion

text: In 2011, The Lion King was converted to 3D for a two-week limited theatrical re-issue and subsequent 3D Blu-ray release.[49][71] The film opened at the number one spot on Friday, September 16, 2011 with $8.9 million[72] and finished the weekend with $30.2 million, ranking number one at the box office. This made The Lion King the first re-issue release to earn the number-one slot at the American weekend box office since the re-issue of Return of the Jedi in March 1997.[60] The film also achieved the fourth-highest September opening weekend of all time.[73] It held off very well on its second weekend, again earning first place at the box office with a 27 percent decline to $21.9 million.[74] Most box-office observers had expected the film to fall about 50 percent in its second weekend and were also expecting Moneyball to be at first place.[75]

text: After its initial box-office success, many theaters decided to continue to show the film for more than two weeks, even though its 3D Blu-ray release was scheduled for two-and-a-half weeks after its theatrical release.[74] In North America, the 3D re-release ended its run in theaters on January 12, 2012 with a gross $94,242,001. Outside North America, it earned $83,400,000.[76] The successful 3D re-release of The Lion King made Disney and Pixar plan 3D theatrical re-releases of Beauty and the Beast, Finding Nemo, Monsters, Inc., and The Little Mermaid during 2012 and 2013.[77] However, none of the re-releases of the first three films achieved the enormous success of The Lion King 3D and theatrical re-release of The Little Mermaid was ultimately cancelled.[78] In 2012, Ray Subers of Box Office Mojo wrote that the reason why the 3D version of The Lion King succeeded was because, "the notion of a 3D re-release was still fresh and exciting, and The Lion King (3D) felt timely given the movie's imminent Blu-ray release. Audiences have been hit with three 3D re-releases in the year since, meaning the novelty value has definitely worn off."[79]

text: Critical response

text: The Lion King was released to critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 91%, based on 113 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3 out of 10. It also ranked 56th on their "Top 100 Animation Movies".[80] The site's critical consensus reads, "Emotionally stirring, richly drawn, and beautifully animated, The Lion King stands tall within Disney's pantheon of classic family films."[81] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 83 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[82] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[83]

text: Roger Ebert gave it 3 1/2 out of 4-stars and called the film "a superbly drawn animated feature" and, in his print review wrote, "The saga of Simba, which in its deeply buried origins owes something to Greek tragedy and certainly to Hamlet, is a learning experience as well as an entertainment."[84] On the television program Siskel & Ebert, the film was praised but received a mixed reaction when compared to previous Disney films. Ebert and his partner Gene Siskel both gave the film a "Thumbs Up" but Siskel said that it was not as good as earlier films such as Beauty and the Beast and was "a good film, not a great one".[85] Hal Hinson of The Washington Post called it "an impressive, almost daunting achievement" and felt that the film was "spectacular in a manner that has nearly become commonplace with Disney's feature-length animations", but was less enthusiastic toward the end of his review saying, "Shakespearean in tone, epic in scope, it seems more appropriate for grown-ups than for kids. If truth be told, even for adults it is downright strange."[86]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly praised the film, writing that it "has the resonance to stand not just as a terrific cartoon but as an emotionally pungent movie".[87] Rolling Stone film critic Peter Travers praised the film and felt that it was "a hugely entertaining blend of music, fun and eye-popping thrills, though it doesn't lack for heart".[88] James Berardinelli from ReelViews praised the film saying, "With each new animated release, Disney seems to be expanding its already-broad horizons a little more. The Lion King is the most mature (in more than one sense) of these films, and there clearly has been a conscious effort to please adults as much as children. Happily, for those of us who generally stay far away from 'cartoons', they have succeeded."[89]

text: Some reviewers still had problems with the film's narrative. The staff of TV Guide wrote that while The Lion King was technically proficient and entertaining, it "offers a less memorable song score than did the previous hits, and a hasty, unsatisfying dramatic resolution."[90] The New Yorker's Terrence Rafferty considered that despite the good animation, the story felt like "manipulat[ing] our responses at will", as "Between traumas, the movie serves up soothingly banal musical numbers and silly, rambunctious comedy".[91]

text: Accolades

text: The Lion King received four Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations. The film would go on to win two Golden Globes; for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Score,[92] as well as two Academy Awards, for Best Original Score (Hans Zimmer) and Best Original Song with "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" by Elton John and Tim Rice.[93] The songs "Circle of Life" and "Hakuna Matata" were also nominated.[93] "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" also won the Grammy Award for Best Male Vocal Performance.[94] The Lion King also won Annie Awards for Best Animated Feature, Best Achievement in Voice Acting (for Jeremy Irons) and Best Individual Achievement for Story Contribution in the Field of Animation.[95]

text: At the Saturn Awards, the film was nominated in two categories, Best Fantasy Film and Best Performance by a Younger Actor although it did not win in either category.[96] The film also received two nominations at the British Academy Film Awards, for Best Sound as well as the Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music although it lost in both categories to Speed and Backbeat respectively.[97] The film received two BMI Film & TV Awards for Film Music and Most Performed Song with "Can You Feel the Love Tonight."[98] At the 1995 MTV Movie Awards, the film received nominations for Best Villain and Best Song, though it lost in both categories.[99] The Lion King won the Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie at the 1995 Kids' Choice Awards.[100]

text: In 2008, The Lion King was ranked as the 319th greatest film ever made by Empire magazine,[101] and in June 2011, TIME named it one of "The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films".[102] In June 2008, the American Film Institute listed The Lion King as the fourth best film in the animation genre in its AFI's 10 Top 10 list,[103] having previously put "Hakuna Matata" as 99th on its AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs ranking.[104]

text: In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

text: Controversies

text: Certain elements of the film were considered to bear a resemblance to a 1960s Japanese anime television series, Jungle Emperor (known as Kimba the White Lion in the United States), with characters having similar analogues, and various individual scenes being similar in composition to the show. Matthew Broderick believed initially that he was, in fact, working on an American version of Kimba since he was familiar with the Japanese original.[105] However, The Lion King director, Roger Allers, claimed he was unfamiliar with the show:

text: The whole time I worked on The Lion King the name of that show never came up. At least I never heard it. I had never seen the show and really only became aware of it as Lion King was being completed, and someone showed me images of it. I worked with George Scribner and Linda Woolverton to develop the story in the early days but then left to help out on Aladdin. If one of them were familiar with Kimba they didn't say. Of course, it's possible... Many story ideas developed and changed along the way, always just to make our story stronger. I could certainly understand Kimba's creators feeling angry if they felt we had stolen ideas from them. If I had been inspired by Kimba I would certainly acknowledge my inspiration. All I can offer is my respect to those artists and say that their creation has its loyal admirers and its assured place in animation history.[106]

text: Co-director Rob Minkoff also stated that he was unfamiliar with it: "I know for a fact that [Kimba] has never been discussed as long as I've been on the project... In my experience, if Disney becomes aware of anything like that, they say you will not do it. People are claiming copyright infringement all the time." He also stated that whenever a story is based in Africa, it is "not unusual to have characters like a baboon, a bird or hyenas."[107] Yoshihiro Shimizu, of Tezuka Productions, which created Kimba the White Lion, has refuted rumors that the studio was paid hush money by Disney but explains that they rejected urges from within the industry to sue because, "we're a small, weak company. It wouldn't be worth it anyway ... Disney's lawyers are among the top twenty in the world!"[108]

text: Protests were raised against one scene where it appears as if the word "SEX" might have been embedded into the dust flying in the sky when Simba flops down,[109] which conservative activist Donald Wildmon asserted was a subliminal message intended to promote sexual promiscuity. One of the animators, Tom Sito, has stated that the letters spell "SFX" (a common abbreviation for "special effects"), not with an "E" instead of the "F", and were intended as an innocent "signature" created by the effects animation team.[110]

text: Hyena biologists protested against the animal's portrayal: one hyena researcher sued Disney studios for defamation of character,[111] and another—who had organized the animators' visit to the University of California's Field Station for Behavioural Research, where they would observe and sketch captive hyenas—[112] included boycotting The Lion King among the ways it would help preserve hyenas in the wild.[113] The hyenas have also been interpreted to represent an anti-immigrant allegory, where the hyenas would be black and Latino ethnic communities.[114][115][116][117] The film has also been criticised for advancing a fascist narrative in its portrayal of the lion kingdom and the circle of life where "only the strong and the beautiful triumph, and the powerless survive only by serving the strong."[118]

text: Legacy

text: Sequels and spin-offs

text: The first Lion King-related animated projects involved the characters of Timon and Pumbaa. First, the duo starred in the animated short "Stand by Me", featuring Timon singing the eponymous song, which was released in 1995 accompanying the theatrical release of Tom and Huck. The duo then received their own animated series, The Lion King's Timon and Pumbaa, which ran for three seasons and 85 episodes between 1995 and 1999. Ernie Sabella continued to voice Pumbaa, while Timon was voiced by Quinton Flynn and Kevin Schon in addition to Nathan Lane.[119]

text: Disney released two direct-to-video films related to The Lion King. The first was sequel The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, released in 1998 on VHS. The film centers around Simba and Nala's daughter, Kiara, who falls in love with Kovu, a male lion who was raised in a pride of Scar's followers, the Outsiders.[120] 2004 saw the release of another Lion King film on DVD, The Lion King 1½. It is a prequel in showing how Timon and Pumbaa met each other, and also a parallel in that it also depicts what the characters were retconned to have done during the events of the original movie.[121]

text: In June 2014, it was announced that a new TV series based on the film would be released called The Lion Guard, featuring Kion, the second-born cub of Simba and Nala. The Lion Guard is a sequel to The Lion King and takes place during the time-gap within The Lion King II: Simba's Pride.[122] It was first broadcast on Disney Channel as a television film titled The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar in November 2015 before airing as a series on Disney Junior in January 2016.[123][124]

text: CGI remake

text: In September 2016, following the critical and financial success of The Jungle Book, Walt Disney Pictures announced that they were developing a CGI remake of The Lion King by the same name, with Jon Favreau directing.[125] The following month, Jeff Nathanson was hired to write the script for the film.[126] Favreau originally planned shoot it back to back with the sequel to The Jungle Book.[125][127] However, it was reported in early 2017 that the latter film was put on hold in order for Favreau to instead focus mainly on The Lion King.[128] In February 2017, Favreau announced that Donald Glover had been cast as Simba and that James Earl Jones would be reprising the role of Mufasa.[129] The following month, it was reported that Beyoncé was Favreau's top choice to voice Nala, but she had not accepted the role yet due to a pregnancy.[130] In April 2017, Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen joined the film as Timon and Pumbaa, respectively.[131] Two months later, John Oliver was cast as Zazu.[132] At the end of July 2017, Beyoncé had reportedly entered final negotiations to play Nala and contribute the soundtrack as well.[133] The following month, Chiwetel Ejiofor entered talks to play Scar.[134] Later on, Alfre Woodard and John Kani joined the film as Sarabi and Rafiki, respectively.[135][136] On November 1, 2017, Beyoncé and Chiwetel Ejiofor were officially confirmed to voice Nala and Scar with Eric Andre, Florence Kasumba, Keegan-Michael Key, J.D. McCrary and Shahadi Wright Joseph joining the cast as the voices of Azizi, Shenzi and Kamari, young Simba and young Nala, respectively while Hans Zimmer would return to score the film's music.[137][138][139][140][141] On November 28, 2017, it was reported that Elton John had signed onto the project to rework his musical compositions from the original film.[142]

text: Production for the film began in May 2017.[143] It is scheduled for release on July 19, 2019.[144]

text: Video games

text: Along with the film release, three different video games based on The Lion King were released by Virgin Interactive in December 1994. The main title was developed by Westwood Studios, and published for PC and Amiga computers and the consoles SNES and Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. Dark Technologies created the Game Boy version, while Syrox Developments handled the Master System and Game Gear version.[145] The film and sequel Simba's Pride later inspired another game, Torus Games' The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (2000) for the Game Boy Color and PlayStation.[146] Timon and Pumbaa also appeared in Timon & Pumbaa's Jungle Games, a 1995 PC game collection of puzzle games by 7th Level, later ported to the SNES by Tiertex.[147]

text: The Square Enix series Kingdom Hearts features Simba as a recurring summon,[148][149] as well as a playable in the Lion King world, known as Pride Lands, in Kingdom Hearts II. There the plotline is loosely related to the later part of the original film, with all of the main characters except Zazu and Sarabi.[150] The Lion King also provides one of the worlds featured in the 2011 action-adventure game Disney Universe,[151] and Simba was featured in the Nintendo DS title Disney Friends (2008).[152]

text: Stage adaptations

text: Walt Disney Theatrical produced a musical stage adaptation of the same name, which premiered in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1997, and later opened on Broadway in October 1997 at the New Amsterdam Theatre. The Lion King musical was directed by Julie Taymor[153] and featured songs from both the movie and Rhythm of the Pride Lands, along with three new compositions by Elton John and Tim Rice. Mark Mancina did the musical arrangements and new orchestral tracks.[154] The musical became one of the most successful in Broadway history, winning six Tony Awards including Best Musical, and despite moving to the Minskoff Theatre in 2006, is still running to this day in New York, becoming the third longest-running show and highest grossing Broadway production in history. The show's financial success led to adaptations all over the world.[10][155][156]

text: The Lion King inspired two attractions retelling the story of the film at Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. The first, "The Legend of the Lion King", featured a recreation of the film through life-size puppets of its characters, and ran from 1994 to 2002 at Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World.[157] Another that is still running is the live-action 30-minute musical revue of the movie, "Festival of the Lion King", which incorporates the musical numbers into gymnastic routines with live actors, along with animatronic puppets of Simba and Pumba and a costumed actor as Timon. The attraction opened in April 1998 at Disney World's Animal Kingdom,[158] and in September 2005 in Hong Kong Disneyland's Adventureland.[159] A similar version under the name "The Legend of the Lion King" was featured in Disneyland Paris from 2004 to 2009.[160][161]


document_title: Whipcracking

question_text: how fast is the tip of a whip

question_tokens: how fast is the tip of a whip

text: Whipcracking

text: Physics[edit]

text: The crack a whip makes is produced when a section of the whip moves faster than the speed of sound creating a small sonic boom. The creation of the sonic boom was confirmed in 1958 [1] by analyzing the high-speed shadow photography taken in 1927.[2][3]

text: Recently, an additional, purely geometrical factor was recognized: the tip of the whip moves twice as fast at the loop of the whip, just like the top of a car's wheel moves twice as fast as the car itself.[2][3]

text: A common explanation is to derive the behavior from the conservation of energy law. However it was noted that the energy is also conserved when the crack sizzles, therefore derivations from purely conservation laws, including conservation of momentum and some others are insufficient.[3]

text: Based on simulations, the high speed of the tip of the whip has been proposed to be a result of a "chain reaction of levers and blocks".[4]

text: In 1997 the Discover Magazine reported about the possibility of the "whipcracking" effect millions of years ago. As part of the joint computer scientists' and paleontologists' research into the motion of dinosaurs, Nathan Myhrvold, a chief technology officer from Microsoft, carried out a computer simulation of an apatosaurus, which has a very long, tapering tail resembling a whip. Basing on the reasoning described above, Myhrvold concluded that sauropods were capable of producing a crack comparable to the sound of a cannon.[5]

text: Shows and competitions[edit]

text: Goaßlschnalzen[edit]

text: Goaßlschnalzen, Goaßlschnalzn, Goasslschnoizen is translated as "whip-cracking", from the Bavarian word Goaßl (German: Geißel) for coachwhip. In earlier centuries, the carriage drivers used elaborate crack sequences to signal their approach and to identify them. Over time horse-drawn transport dwindled, but the tradition remained, and coaches practiced their skill in their spare time.

text: Today the Goaßlschnalzer ("whipsnappers") do concert performances, often as bands that include conventional musical instruments. Whipsnapping is also a traditional sport in Bavaria. There are many whip-cracking associations in Bavaria.

text: Aperschnalzen[edit]

text: Aperschnalzen or Apaschnoizn in Bavarian is an old tradition of competitive whipcracking revived in the first half of the 20th century. The word "aper" means "area free of snow", and it has been thought that this tradition had a pagan meaning of "driving the winter away" by whipcracking.

text: British Whipcracking Convention[edit]

text: The British Whipcracking Convention is a place for all who are interested in whip cracking. This ranges from complete novices who have never picked up a whip, through intermediate skills to expert skill sharing. There are workshops for the differing skill levels as well as competitions and targets. The third convention was  held in Aldersley Leisure Village, Aldersley Road, Wolverhampton on 14 July 2007.

text: Australian sport[edit]

text: In the latter half of the 20th century, attempts to preserve traditional crafts, along with a resurgence of interest in Western performance arts and the release of films such as Raiders of the Lost Ark (in which the hero, Indiana Jones, uses a bullwhip as a tool), led to an increased interest in whipcracking as a hobby and performance art, as well as a competitive sport.  Whip cracking competitions have become especially popular in Australia. They focus on the completion of complex, multiple-cracking routines and precise target work. Various whips, apart from bullwhips, are used in such competitions.  The most common whip used in Australian competitions is an Australian stockwhip, a whip unique to Australia.

text:
Target routines
target cutting
object wrapping
object moving/manipulation
Cracking routines
Cracking patterns
Cracking with two whips

text: In cracking routines, the judging criteria are the presentation and making audible cracks in prescribed moments.

text:
In 1986  an Australian whip-cracker Gary Brophy managed to crack a giant whip for the Guinness Book of Records. the whip measured a staggering 42 m (140 ft) in length.
Gary and his family now tour the world performing their wild west act in circuses and rodeos.