document_title: Ohio elections, 2018

question_text: who is running for secretary of state in ohio

text: Ohio elections, 2018

text: United States Senate[edit]

text: Democratic Senator Sherrod Brown is eligible for re-election in 2018.

text: United States House of Representatives[edit]

text: All of Ohio's 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives will be up for election in 2018.

text: Governor and Lieutenant Governor[edit]

text: Incumbent Republican Governor John Kasich and Lieutenant Governor Mary Taylor are term-limited and cannot run for a third consecutive term.

text: Attorney General[edit]

text:
Ohio Attorney General election, 2018

← 2014
November 6, 2018
2022 →

Nominee

Dave Yost

Steven Dettelbach

Party

Republican

Democratic

Attorney General before election
Mike DeWine
Republican

Elected Attorney General
TBD

text: Incumbent Republican Attorney General Mike DeWine is term-limited and cannot run for a third term as attorney general. He is currently the Republican nominee for Governor.

text: Republican primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Dave Yost, State Auditor[1]

text: Keith Faber, State Representative and former Ohio Senate President (running for State Auditor)[2][3][4]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Republican primary results

Party

Candidate

Votes

%

Republican

Dave Yost

636,877

100

Total votes

636,877

100

text: Democratic primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Steve Dettelbach, former United States Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio[5]

text:
Joe Schiavoni, Minority Leader of the Ohio Senate (running for Governor)[6][7]
Connie Pillich, former State Representative and nominee for Ohio State Treasurer in 2014 (running for Governor)[6][8]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Democratic primary results

Party

Candidate

Votes

%

Democratic

Steve Dettelbach

504,244

100

Total votes

504,244

100

text: General election[edit]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source

Date(s)administered

Samplesize

Margin oferror

SteveDettelbach (D)

DaveYost (R)

Other

Undecided

Fallon Research

May 21–25, 2018

800

± 3.5%

32%

41%

—

27%

text: Secretary of State[edit]

text:
Ohio Secretary of State election, 2018

← 2014
November 6, 2018
2022 →

Nominee

Frank LaRose

Kathleen Clyde

Party

Republican

Democratic

Incumbent Secretary of State
Jon Husted
Republican

text: Incumbent Republican Secretary of State Jon Husted is term-limited and cannot run for a third term as secretary of state.

text: Republican primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Frank LaRose, State Senator[9]

text: Dorothy Pelanda, State Representative[10][11]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Republican primary results

Party

Candidate

Votes

%

Republican

Frank LaRose

601,185

100

Total votes

601,185

100

text: Democratic primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Kathleen Clyde, State Representative[12]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Democratic primary results

Party

Candidate

Votes

%

Democratic

Kathleen Clyde

508,396

100

Total votes

508,396

100

text: General election[edit]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source

Date(s)administered

Samplesize

Margin oferror

KathleenClyde (D)

FrankLaRose (R)

Other

Undecided

Fallon Research

May 21–25, 2018

800

± 3.5%

31%

32%

—

37%

PPP/Ohio Democratic Party

April 25–26, 2018

770

± 3.5%

43%

40%

—

17%

text: Treasurer[edit]

text:
Ohio State Treasurer election, 2018

← 2014
November 6, 2018
2022 →

Nominee

Robert Sprague

Rob Richardson, Jr.

Party

Republican

Democratic

State Treasurer before election
Josh Mandel
Republican

Elected State Treasurer
TBD

text: Incumbent Republican State Treasurer Josh Mandel is term-limited and cannot run for a third term as treasurer.

text: Republican primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Robert Sprague, State Representative[13]

text: Sandra "Sandy" O'Brien, former Ashtabula County Auditor[14][15]

text: Clarence Mingo, Franklin County Auditor[16][17]

text: Keith Faber, State Representative and former Ohio Senate President (running for State Auditor)[18][4]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Republican primary results

Party

Candidate

Votes

%

Republican

Robert Sprague

408,487

57.52%

Republican

Sandra O'Brian

301,652

42.48%

Total votes

710,139

100

text: Democratic primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Rob Richardson Jr., former Chair of the University of Cincinnati Board of Trustees and candidate for Mayor of Cincinnati in 2017[19]

text: Neil Patel, president and chairman of the Central Ohio Chapter of the Federation of Indian Associations[20]

text: Jeremy Blake, Newark City Councilman (running for State Representative)[21][22]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Democratic primary results

Party

Candidate

Votes

%

Democratic

Rob Richardson

494,273

100

Total votes

494,273

100

text: General election[edit]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source

Date(s)administered

Samplesize

Margin oferror

RobRichardson (D)

RobertSprague (R)

PaulCurry (G)

Other

Undecided

Fallon Research

May 21–25, 2018

800

± 3.5%

30%

33%

5%

—

32%

text: Auditor[edit]

text:
Ohio State Auditor election, 2018

← 2014
November 6, 2018
2022 →

x150px

Nominee

Keith Faber

Zack Space

Party

Republican

Democratic

State Auditor before election
Dave Yost
Republican

Elected State Auditor
TBD

text: Incumbent Republican State Auditor Dave Yost is term-limited and cannot run for a third term as auditor.

text: Republican primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Keith Faber, State Representative and former Ohio Senate President[4]

text: Cliff Rosenberger, Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives[23][24]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Republican primary results

Party

Candidate

Votes

%

Republican

Keith Faber

606,182

100

Total votes

606,182

100

text: Democratic primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Zack Space, former U.S. Representative[25]

text: Kelli Prather, occupational therapist, candidate for U.S. Senate in 2016, candidate for Cincinnati City Council in 2017[26][27]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Democratic primary results

Party

Candidate

Votes

%

Democratic

Zack Space

501,670

100

Total votes

501,670

100

text: General election[edit]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source

Date(s)administered

Samplesize

Margin oferror

ZackSpace (D)

KeithFaber (R)

Other

Undecided

Fallon Research

May 21–25, 2018

800

± 3.5%

35%

32%

—

33%

text: State legislative branch[edit]

text: Ohio Senate[edit]

text: The 17 odd-numbered districts out of 33 seats in the Ohio Senate are up for election in 2018. Nine of these seats are currently held by Republicans, seven are held by Democrats, and one is vacant.

text:
Senatorial district

Incumbent

This race

District

Senator

Party

Firstelected

Incumbent status

Candidates

1

Robert McColley

Republican

2017 (appointed)

Running

Adam Papin (Democratic)[28]Robert McColley (Republican)[29]

3

Kevin Bacon

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Tina Maharath (Democratic)[29]
Anne Gonzales (Republican)[29]

5

Bill Beagle

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Paul Bradley (Democratic)[30]Steve Huffman (Republican)[31]

7

Steve Wilson

Republican

2017 (appointed)

Running

Sara Bitter (Democratic)[30]Steve Wilson (Republican)[32]

9

Cecil Thomas

Democratic

2014

Running

Cecil Thomas (Democratic)[29]

11

Edna Brown

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Teresa Fedor (Democratic)[33]Ernest McCarthy (Republican)[29]

13

Gayle Manning

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Sharon Sweda (Democratic)[29]
Nathan Manning (Republican)[29]

15

Charleta Tavares

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Hearcel Craig (Democratic)[34]Jordan Garcea (Republican)[29]

17

Bob Peterson

Republican

2012 (appointed)

Running

Scott Dailey (Democratic)[35]Bob Peterson (Republican)[29]

19

Kris Jordan

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Louise Valentine (Democratic)[36]Andrew Brenner (Republican)[37]

21

Sandra Williams

Democratic

2014

Running

Sandra Williams (Democratic)[29]

23

Michael J. Skindell

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Nickie Antonio (Democratic) [38]

25

Kenny Yuko

Democratic

2014

Running

Kenny Yuko (Democratic)[29]

27

Frank LaRose

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited; running for Secretary of State)[9]

Adam VanHo (Democratic) [39]Kristina Roegner (Republican)[29]

29

Scott Oelslager

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Lauren Friedman (Democratic)[40]Kirk Schuring (Republican)[29]

31

Jay Hottinger

Republican

2014

Running

Melinda Miller (Democratic)[41]Jay Hottinger (Republican)[29]

33

Joe Schiavoni

Democratic

2009 (appointed)

Not running (term-limited; running for Governor)[7]

John Boccieri (Democratic)[42]Michael Rulli (Republican)[43]

text: Ohio House of Representatives[edit]

text: All 99 seats in the Ohio House of Representatives are up for election in 2018. Sixty five of these seats are currently held by Republicans, thirty three are held by Democrats, and one seat is vacant.

text:
House district

Incumbent

This race

District

Representative

Party

Firstelected

Incumbent status

Candidates

1

Scott Wiggam

Republican

2016

Running

Kevin Barnet (Democratic)[44]Scott Wiggam (Republican)[29]

2

Mark Romanchuk

Republican

2012

Running

Lane Winters (Democratic)[45]Mark Romanchuk (Republican)[29]

3

Theresa Gavarone

Republican

2016 (appointed)

Running

Daniel Gordon (Democratic)[46]Theresa Gavarone (Republican)[29]

4

Robert R. Cupp

Republican

2014

Running

Tristam Cheeseman (Democratic)
Robert R. Cupp (Republican)[29]

5

Tim Ginter

Republican

2014

Running

John Dyce (Democratic)[47]Tim Ginter (Republican)[29]

6

Marlene Anielski

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Phil Robinson (Democratic)[48]Jim Trakas (Republican)[29]

7

Tom Patton

Republican

2016

Running

Aziz Ahmed (Democratic)[49]Tom Patton (Republican)[50]

8

Kent Smith

Democratic

2014

Running

Kent Smith (Democratic)[29]

9

Janine Boyd

Democratic

2014

Running

Janine Boyd (Democratic)[29]
Joe Miller (Republican)[29]

10

Bill Patmon

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Terrence Upchurch (Democratic)[29]

11

Stephanie Howse

Democratic

2014

Running

Stephanie Howse (Democratic)[29]

12

John E. Barnes, Jr.

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Juanita Brent (Democratic)[29]

13

Nickie Antonio

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Mike Skindell (Democratic)[51]Jay Carson (Republican)[29]

14

Martin J. Sweeney

Democratic

2014

Not running (running for Ohio Senate)

Bride Sweeney (Democratic)[52]

15

Nicholas J. Celebrezze

Democratic

2012 (appointed)

Running

Nicholas J. Celebrezze (Democratic)[29]

16

David Greenspan

Republican

2016

Running

Cassimir Svigeli (Democratic)[29]
David Greenspan (Republican)[29]

17

Adam Miller

Democratic

2016

Running

Adam Miller (Democratic)[29]
John Rush (Republican)[29]

18

Kristin Boggs

Democratic

2016 (appointed)

Running

Kristin Boggs (Democratic)[29]
David Todd (Republican)[29]

19

Anne Gonzales

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Mary Lightbody (Democratic)[29]
Tim Barhorst (Republican)[29]

20

Richard Brown

Democratic

2017 (appointed)

Running

Richard Brown (Democratic)[29]
Bobby Mitchell (Republican)[29]

21

Mike Duffey

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Beth Liston (Democratic)[53]Stu Harris (Republican)[29]

22

David J. Leland

Democratic

2014

Running

David J. Leland (Democratic)[29]
Doug Moody (Republican)

23

Laura Lanese

Republican

2016

Running

Russell Harris (Democratic)[29]
Laura Lanese (Republican)[29]

24

Jim Hughes

Republican

2016

Not running (running for Court of Common Pleas)[54]

Allison Russo (Democratic)[53]Erik Yassenof (Republican)[29]

25

Bernadine Kent

Democratic

2016

Running

Bernadine Kent (Democratic)[29]
Debbie Staggs (Republican)[29]

26

Hearcel Craig

Democratic

2014

Not running (running for Ohio Senate)[55]

Erica Crawley (Democratic)[29]
Shareeque Sadiq (Republican)[29]

27

Tom Brinkman

Republican

2014

Running

Christine Fisher (Democratic)[56]Tom Brinkman (Republican)[29]

28

Jonathan Dever

Republican

2014

Running

Jessica Miranda (Democratic)[57]Jonathan Dever (Republican)[29]

29

Louis Blessing

Republican

2012

Running

Carrie Davis (Democratic)[58]Louis Blessing (Republican)[29]

30

Bill Seitz

Republican

2016

Running

Clayton Adams (Democratic)[59]Bill Seitz (Republican)[29]

31

Brigid Kelly

Democratic

2016

Running

Brigid Kelly (Democratic)[29]

32

Catherine Ingram

Democratic

2016

Running

Catherine Ingram (Democratic)[29]
Marilyn Tunnat (Republican)[29]

33

Alicia Reece

Democratic

2010 (appointed)

Not running (term-limited)

Sedrick Denson (Democratic)[60]

34

Emilia Sykes

Democratic

2014

Running

Emilia Sykes (Democratic)[29]
Josh Sines (Republican)[29]

35

Tavia Galonski

Democratic

2014

Running

Tavia Galonski (Democratic)[29]
Ostia Obierika (Republican)[29]

36

Anthony DeVitis

Republican

2011 (appointed)

Running

Tim Piatt (Democratic)[61]Anthony DeVittis (Republican)[29]

37

Kristina Roegner

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Casey Weinstein (Democratic)[62]Mike Rasor (Republican)[29]

38

Marilyn Slaby

Republican

2012 (appointed)

Not running (retiring)

Elliot Kolkovich (Democratic)[63]Bill Roemer (Republican)[29]

39

Fred Strahorn

Democratic

2012

Running

Fred Strahorn (Democratic)[29]

40

Michael Henne

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Ryan Taylor (Democratic)[29]
Phil Plummer (Republican)[29]

41

Jim Butler

Republican

2011 (appointed)

Running

John McManus (Democratic)[64]Jim Butler (Republican)[29]

42

Niraj Antani

Republican

2014 (appointed)

Running

Zach Dickerson (Democratic)[65]Niraj Antani (Republican)[29]

43

Jeff Rezabek

Republican

2014

Not running (running for Judge)[66]

Dan Foley (Democratic)[66]Todd Smith (Republican)[29]

44

Michael Ashford

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Paula Hicks-Hudson (Democratic)[67]Kenneth Cousino (Republican)[29]

45

Teresa Fedor

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Lisa Sobecki (Democratic)[68]David Davenport (Republican)[29]

46

Michael Sheehy

Democratic

2013 (appointed)

Running

Michael Sheehy (Democratic)[29]

47

Derek Merrin

Republican

2016 (appointed)

Running

Gary Newnham (Democratic)[68]Derek Merrin (Republican)[29]

48

Kirk Schuring

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Lorraine Wilburn (Democratic)[69]Scott Oelslager (Republican)[29]

49

Thomas West

Democratic

2016

Running

Thomas West (Democratic)[29]
James Haavisto (Republican)[29]

50

Christina Hagan

Republican

2011 (appointed)

Not running (running for U.S. Representative)[70]

Cassie Gabelt (Democratic)[71]Reggie Stoltzfus (Republican)[72]

51

Wes Retherford

Republican

2012

Not running (defeated in primary)[29]

Susan Vaughn (Democratic)[73]Sara Carruthers (Republican)[29]

52

George Lang

Republican

2017 (appointed)

Running

Kathy Wyenandt (Democratic)[74]George Lang (Republican)[29]

53

Candice Keller

Republican

2016 (appointed)

Running

Rebecca Howard (Democratic)[75]Candice Keller (Republican)[29]

54

Paul Zeltwanger

Republican

2014

Running

Nikki Foster (Democratic)[76]Paul Zeltwanger (Republican)[29]

55

Nathan Manning

Republican

2014

Not running (running for Ohio Senate)

Kelly Kraus Mencke (Democratic)[77]Gayle Manning (Republican)[29]

56

Dan Ramos

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Joe Miller (Democratic)[77]Rob Weber (Republican)

57

Dick Stein

Republican

2016

Running

James Johnson (Democratic)[77]Dick Stein (Republican)[29]

58

Michele Lepore-Hagan

Democratic

2014

Running

Michele Lepore-Hagan (Democratic)[29]
David Simon (Republican)[29]

59

John Boccieri

Democratic

2015 (appointed)

Not running (running for State Senator)[42]

Eric Ungaro (Democratic)[78]Don Manning (Republican)[29]

60

John Rogers

Democratic

2012

Running

John Rogers (Democratic)[29]

61

Ron Young

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Rick Walker (Democratic)[79]Jamie Callender (Republican)[29]

62

Scott Lipps

Republican

2016

Running

Jim Staton (Democratic)[76]Scott Lipps (Republican)[29]

63

Glenn Holmes

Democratic

2016

Running

Glenn Holmes (Democratic)[29]
Jim Hughes (Republican)[29]

64

Michael O'Brien

Democratic

2014

Running

Michael O'Brien (Democratic)[29]
Martha Yoder (Republican)[29]

65

John Becker

Republican

2012

Running

Patricia Lawrence (Democratic)[29]
John Becker (Republican)[29]

66

Doug Green

Republican

2012

Running

Jeff Richards (Democratic)[29]
Doug Green (Republican)[29]

67

Andrew Brenner

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited; running for State Senator)[37]

Cory Hoffman (Democratic)[80]Kris Jordan (Republican)[29]

68

Rick Carfagna

Republican

2016

Running

Kathleen Tate (Democratic)[29]
Rick Carfagna (Republican)[29]

69

Steve Hambley

Republican

2014

Running

Carol Brenstuhl (Democratic)[29]
Steve Hambley (Republican)[29]

70

Darrell Kick

Republican

2016

Running

Steve Johnson (Democratic)[29]
Darrell Kick (Republican)[29]

71

Scott Ryan

Republican

2014

Running

Jeremy Blake (Democratic)[81]Scott Ryan (Republican)[29]

72

Larry Householder

Republican

2016

Running

Tyler Shipley (Democratic)[82]Larry Householder (Republican)[29]

73

Rick Perales

Republican

2012

Running

Kim McCarthy (Democratic)[29]
Rick Perales (Republican)[29]

74

Bill Dean

Republican

2016 (appointed)

Running

Anne Gorman (Democratic)[29]
Bill Dean (Republican)[29]

75

Kathleen Clyde

Democratic

2010

Not running (term-limited; running for Secretary of State)[12]

Randi Clites (Democratic)[83]Jim Lutz (Republican)[83]

76

Sarah LaTourette

Republican

2014

Running

John Kennedy (Democratic)[83]Sarah LaTourette (Republican)[29]

77

Tim Schaffer

Republican

2014

Running

Brett Pransky (Democratic)[29]
Tim Schaffer (Republican)[29]

78

Ron Hood

Republican

2012

Running

Amber Daniels (Democratic)[29]
Ron Hood (Republican)[29]

79

Kyle Koehler

Republican

2014

Running

Amanda Finfrock (Democratic)[29]
Kyle Koehler (Republican)[29]

80

Steve Huffman

Republican

2014

Not running (running for State Senator)[31]

Scott Zimmerman (Democratic)[76]Jena Powell (Republican)[29]

81

James Hoops

Republican

2014

Running

Janet Breneman (Democratic)[29]
James Hoops (Republican)

82

Craig Riedel

Republican

2016

Running

Aden Baker (Democratic)[84]Craig Riedel (Republican)[29]

83

Robert Sprague

Republican

2011 (appointed)

Not running (running for Treasurer)[13]

Mary Harshfield (Democratic)[29]
Jon Cross (Republican)[29]

84

Keith Faber

Republican

2016

Not running (running for Auditor)[4]

Joseph Monbeck (Democratic)[29]
Susan Manchester (Republican)[29]

85

Nino Vitale

Republican

2014

Running

Garrett Baldwin (Democratic)
[29]
Nino Vitale (Republican)[29]

86

Dorothy Pelanda

Republican

2011 (appointed)

Not running (running for Secretary of State)[10]

Glenn Coble (Democratic)[29]
Tracy Richardson (Republican)

87

Riordan McClain

Republican

2018 (Appointed)

Mary Pierce-Broadwater (Democratic)[29]
Riordan McClain (Republican)[29]

88

Bill Reineke

Republican

2014

Running

Rachel Crooks (Democratic)[85]Bill Reineke (Republican)[29]

89

Steve Arndt

Republican

2015 (appointed)

Running

Joe Helle (Democratic)[86]Steve Arndt (Republican)[29]

90

Terry Johnson

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Adrienne Buckler (Democratic)[29]
Brian Baldridge (Republican)[29]

91

Shane Wilkin

Republican

2018 (appointed)

Running

Justin Grimes (Democratic)[29]
Shane Wilkin  (Republican)[29]

92

Gary Scherer

Republican

2012 (appointed)

Running

Beth Workman (Democratic)[29]
Gary Scherer (Republican)[29]

93

Ryan Smith

Republican

2012 (appointed)

Running

Jim Rumley (Democratic)[29]
Ryan Smith (Republican)[29]

94

Jay Edwards

Republican

2016

Running

Taylor Sappington (Democratic)[87]Jay Edwards (Republican)[29]

95

Andy Thompson

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Dan Milleson (Democratic)[88]Don Jones (Republican)[29]

96

Jack Cera

Democratic

2011 (appointed)

Running

Jack Cera (Democratic)[29]
Bob Mazeroski (Republican)[29]

97

Brian Hill

Republican

2011 (appointed)

Running

Kristine Geis (Democratic)[29]
Brian Hill[29]

98

Al Landis

Republican

2010

Not running (term-limited)

Jeremiah Johnson (Democratic)[29]
Brett Hillyer (Republican)[29]

99

John Patterson

Democratic

2012

Running

John Patterson (Democratic)[29]
Michael Pircio (Republican)[29]

text: State judicial branch[edit]

text: Supreme Court of Ohio[edit]

text: While judicial races in Ohio are technically non-partisan (party affiliations are not listed on the ballot), candidates run in party primaries. Terms are six years, and justices may run for re-election an unlimited number of times before their 70th birthday.

text:
Incumbent

This race

Justice

Party

Firstelected

Incumbent status

Candidates

Terrence O'Donnell

Republican

2003 (appointed)

Not running(mandatory retirement age reached)

Michael P. Donnelly (D) Craig Baldwin (R)

Mary DeGenaro

Republican

2018 (appointed)

Running

Melody J Stewart (D) Mary DeGenaro (R)

text: Court of Appeals[edit]

text: The Ohio District Courts of Appeals consists of 69 judges in 12 districts. Judges serve a 6-year term. Approximately 1/3 of these positions will be up for election in 2018.


document_title: World energy consumption

question_text: where does most of earth's energy come from

question_tokens: where does most of earth 's energy come from

root

text: World energy consumption

text: Overview[edit]

text: Energy supply, consumption and electricity[edit]

text:
Key figures 1

Year
Primary energy
supply (TPES)2
Final energy
consumption2
Electricity
generation
Ref

1973

71,013
(Mtoe 6,106)

54,335
(Mtoe 4,672)

6,129
[2]

1990
102,569
–
11,821
–

2000
117,687
–
15,395
–

2010

147,899
(Mtoe 12,717)

100,914
(Mtoe 8,677)

21,431
[5]

2011

152,504
(Mtoe 13,113)

103,716
(Mtoe 8,918)

22,126
[6]

2012

155,505
(Mtoe 13,371)

104,426
(Mtoe 8,979)

22,668
[7]

2013

157,482
(Mtoe 13,541)

108,171
(Mtoe 9,301)

23,322
[8]

2014

155,481
(Mtoe 13,369)

109,613
(Mtoe 9,425)

23,816
[9]

1 all figures given in terawatt-hours (TWh)
2 converted from Mtoe into TWh (1 Mtoe = 11.63 TWh)

tag: table

text: World total primary energy supply (TPES), or "primary energy" differs from the world final energy consumption because much of the energy that is acquired by humans is lost as other forms of energy during the process of its refinement into usable forms of energy and its transport from its initial place of supply to consumers. For instance, when oil is extracted from the ground it must be refined into gasoline, so that it can be used in a car, and transported over long distances to gas stations where it can be used by consumers. World final energy consumption refers to the fraction of the world's primary energy that is used in its final form by humanity.

tag: p

text: In 2014, world primary energy supply amounted to 155,481 terawatt-hour (TWh) or 13,541 Mtoe, while the world final energy consumption was 109,613 TWh or about 29.5% less than the total supply.[9] World final energy consumption includes products as lubricants, asphalt and petrochemicals which have chemical energy content but are not used as fuel. This non-energy use amounted to 9,404 TWh (809 Mtoe) in 2012.[10]

text: By the end of 2014, the total installed global power generating capacity is nearly 6.142 TW (million MW) which does not include the DG sets not connected to local electricity grids.[11] In 2014, world energy consumption for electricity generation was coal 40.8%, natural gas 21.6%, nuclear 10.6%, hydro 16.4%, 'others' (solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, etc.) 6.3% and oil 4.3%. Coal and natural gas were the most popular energy fuels for generating electricity. The world's electricity consumption was 18,608 TWh[citation needed] in 2012. This figure is about 18% smaller than the generated electricity, due to grid losses, storage losses, and self-consumption from power plants (gross generation). Cogeneration (CHP) power stations use some of the energy that is otherwise wasted for heating buildings or in industrial processes.

text: 2014 World electricity generation (23,816 TWh) by source (IEA, 2016)[12]

text: The United States Energy Information Administration regularly publishes a report on world consumption for most types of primary energy resources. For 2013, estimated world energy consumption was 5.67 × 1020 joules, or 157,481 TWh. According to the IEA the total world energy consumption was 143,851 TWh in 2008, 133,602 TWh in 2005, 117,687 TWh in 2000, and 102,569 TWh in 1990. Total world electricity consumption was 19,504 TWh in 2013, 16,503 TWh in 2008, 15,105 TWh in 2005, and 12,116 TWh in 2000.[2] In 2012 approximately 22% of world energy was consumed in North America, 5% was consumed South and Central America, 23% was consumed in Europe and Eurasia, 3% was consumed in Africa, and 40% was consumed in the Asia Pacific region.[1]

text: Recently there has been a large increase in international agreements and national Energy Action Plans, such as the EU 2009 Renewable Energy Directive, to increase the use of renewable energy due to the growing concerns about pollution from energy sources that come from fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas.[3][13] One such initiative was the United Nations Development Programme's World Energy Assessment in 2000 that highlighted many challenges humanity would have to overcome in order to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.[3] From 2000–2012 renewable energy grew at a rate higher than any other point in history, with a consumption increase of 176.5 million tonnes of oil. During this period, oil, coal, and natural gas continued to grow and had increases that were much higher than the increase in renewable energy. The following figures illustrate the growth in consumption of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas as well as renewable sources of energy during this period.[1]

text: Trends[edit]

text: The energy consumption growth in the G20 slowed down to 2% in 2011, after the strong increase of 2010. The economic crisis is largely responsible for this slow growth. For several years now, the world energy demand is characterized by the bullish Chinese and Indian markets, while developed countries struggle with stagnant economies, high oil prices, resulting in stable or decreasing energy consumption.[17]

text: According to IEA data from 1990 to 2008, the average energy use per person increased 10% while world population increased 27%. Regional energy use also grew from 1990 to 2008: the Middle East increased by 170%, China by 146%, India by 91%, Africa by 70%, Latin America by 66%, the USA by 20%, the EU-27 block by 7%, and world overall grew by 39%.

text: In 2008, total worldwide primary energy consumption was 132,000 terawatt-hours (TWh) or 474 exajoules (EJ).[18] In 2012, primary energy demand increased to 158,000 TWh (567 EJ).[19]

text: Energy consumption in the G20 increased by more than 5% in 2010 after a slight decline of 2009. In 2009, world energy consumption decreased for the first time in 30 years by 1.1%, or about 130 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe), as a result of the financial and economic crisis, which reduced world GDP by 0.6% in 2009.[20]

text: This evolution is the result of two contrasting trends: Energy consumption growth remained vigorous in several developing countries, specifically in Asia (+4%). Conversely, in OECD, consumption was severely cut by 4.7% in 2009 and was thus almost down to its 2000 levels. In North America, Europe and the CIS, consumptions shrank by 4.5%, 5% and 8.5% respectively due to the slowdown in economic activity. China became the world's largest energy consumer (18% of the total) since its consumption surged by 8% during 2009 (up from 4% in 2008). Oil remained the largest energy source (33%) despite the fact that its share has been decreasing over time. Coal posted a growing role in the world's energy consumption: in 2009, it accounted for 27% of the total.

text: Most energy is used in the country of origin, since it is cheaper to transport final products than raw materials. In 2008, the share export of the total energy production by fuel was: oil 50% (1,952/3,941 Mt), gas 25% (800/3,149 bcm) and hard coal 14% (793/5,845 Mt).[21]

text: Most of the world's high energy resources are from the conversion of the sun's rays to other energy forms after being incident upon the planet. Some of that energy has been preserved as fossil energy, some is directly or indirectly usable; for example, via solar PV/thermal, wind, hydro- or wave power. The total solar irradiance is measured by satellite to be roughly 1361 watts per square meter (see solar constant), though it fluctuates by about 6.9% during the year due to the Earth's varying distance from the sun. This value, after multiplication by the cross-sectional area intercepted by the Earth, is the total rate of solar energy received by the planet; about half, 89,000 TW, reaches the Earth's surface.[22]

text: The estimates of remaining non-renewable worldwide energy resources vary, with the remaining fossil fuels totaling an estimated 0.4  yottajoule (YJ) or 4 × 1023 joules, and the available nuclear fuel such as uranium exceeding 2.5 YJ. Fossil fuels range from 0.6 to 3 YJ if estimates of reserves of methane clathrates are accurate and become technically extractable. The total power flux from the sun intercepting the Earth is 5.5 YJ per year, though not all of this is available for human consumption. The IEA estimates for the world to meet global energy demand for the two decades from 2015 to 2035 it will require investment of $48 trillion and "credible policy frameworks."[23]

text: According to IEA (2012) the goal of limiting warming to 2 °C is becoming more difficult and costly with each year that passes. If action is not taken before 2017, CO2 emissions would be locked-in by energy infrastructure existing in 2017. Fossil fuels are dominant in the global energy mix, supported by $523 billion subsidies in 2011, up almost 30% on 2010 and six times more than subsidies to renewables.[24]

text:
Regional energy use (kWh/capita & TWh) and growth 1990–2008 (%)[25][26]

kWh/capita
Population (million)
Energy use (1,000 TWh)

Region
1990
2008
Growth
1990
2008
Growth
1990
2008
Growth

USA
89,021
87,216
−2%
250
305
22%
22.3
26.6
20%

EU-28
40,240
40,821
1%
473
499
5%
19.0
20.4
7%

Middle East
19,422
34,774
79%
132
199
51%
2.6
6.9
170%

China
8,839
18,608
111%
1,141
1,333
17%
10.1
24.8
146%

Latin America
11,281
14,421
28%
355
462
30%
4.0
6.7
66%

Africa
7,094
7,792
10%
634
984
55%
4.5
7.7
70%

India
4,419
6,280
42%
850
1,140
34%
3.8
7.2
91%

Others*
25,217
23,871
nd
1,430
1,766
23%
36.1
42.2
17%

The World
19,422
21,283
10%
5,265
6,688
27%
102.3
142.3
39%

Source: IEA/OECD, Population OECD/World Bank

Energy use = kWh/capita* Mrd. capita (population) = 1000 TWh
Others: Mathematically calculated, includes e.g. countries in Asia and Australia. The use of energy varies between the "other countries": E.g. in Australia, Japan, or Canada energy is used more per capita than in Bangladesh or Burma.

text: Emissions[edit]

text: Global warming emissions resulting from energy production are an environmental problem. Efforts to resolve this include the Kyoto Protocol, which is a UN agreement aiming to reduce harmful climate impacts, which a number of nations have signed. Limiting global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius, thought to be a risk by the SEI, is now doubtful.

text: To limit global temperature to a hypothetical 2 degrees Celsius rise would demand a 75% decline in carbon emissions in industrial countries by 2050, if the population is 10 billion in 2050.[27] Across 40 years, this averages to a 2% decrease every year. In 2011, the emissions of energy production continued rising regardless of the consensus of the basic problem. Hypothetically, according to Robert Engelman (Worldwatch institute), in order to prevent collapse, human civilization would have to stop increasing emissions within a decade regardless of the economy or population (2009).[28]

text: Greenhouse gases are not the only emissions of energy production and consumption. Large amounts of pollutants such as sulphurous oxides (SOx), nitrous oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) are produced from the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass; the World Health Organisation estimates that 7 million premature deaths are caused each year by air pollution.[29] Biomass combustion is a major contributor.[29][30][31] In addition to producing air pollution like fossil fuel combustion, most biomass has high CO2 emissions.[32]

text: By source[edit]

text: Total primary energy supply of 13,699 mega-toe by source in 2014 (IEA, 2016)[12][7]:28

text: Fossil fuels[edit]

text: The twentieth century saw a rapid twenty-fold increase in the use of fossil fuels. Between 1980 and 2006, the worldwide annual growth rate was 2%.[18] According to the US Energy Information Administration's 2006 estimate, the estimated 471.8 EJ total consumption in 2004, was divided as given in the table above, with fossil fuels supplying 86% of the world's energy:

text: Coal[edit]

text: In 2000, China accounted for 28% of world coal consumption, other Asia consumed 19%, North America 25% and the EU 14%. The single greatest coal-consuming country is China. Its share of the world coal production was 28% in 2000 and rose to 48% in 2009. In contrast to China's ~70% increase in coal consumption, world coal use increased 48% from 2000 to 2009. In practice, the majority of this growth occurred in China and the rest in other Asia.[33] China's energy consumption is mostly driven by the industry sector, the majority of which comes from coal consumption.[34]

text: World annual coal production increased 1,905 Mt or 32% in 6 years in 2011 compared to 2005, of which over 70% was in China and 8% in India. Coal production was in 2011 7,783 Mt, and 2009 6,903 Mt, equal to 12.7% production increase in two years.[35]

text: If production and consumption of coal continue at the rate as in 2008, proven and economically recoverable world reserves of coal would last for about 150 years. This is much more than needed for an irreversible climate catastrophe. Coal is the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the world. According to James Hansen the single most important action needed to tackle the climate crisis is to reduce CO2 emissions from coal.[36] Indonesia and Australia exported together 57.1% of the world coal export in 2011. China, Japan, South Korea, India and Taiwan had 65% share of all the world coal import in 2011.[37]

text:
Regional coal supply (TWh), share 2010 (%) and share of change 2000–2010[33][38]

Region
2000
2008
2009*
2010*
 %*
Change
2000–2009*

North America
6,654
6,740
6,375
6,470
16%
−1.2%

Asia excl. China
5,013
7,485
7,370
7,806
19%
18.9%

China
7,318
16,437
18,449
19,928
48%
85.5%

EU
3,700
3,499
3,135
3,137
8%
−3.8%

Africa
1,049
1,213
1,288
1,109
3%
0.4%

Russia
1,387
1,359
994
1,091
3%
−2.0%

Others
1,485
1,763
1,727
1,812
4%
2.2%

Total
26,607
38,497
39,340
41,354
100%
47.9%

Source: IEA, *in 2009, 2010 BP
*Change 2000–2009: Region's share of the world change +12,733 TWh from 2000 to 2009

text:
Top 10 coal exporters (Mt)[39]

Rank
Nation
2010
2011
Share
% 2011
2012

1
Indonesia
162
309
29.7%
383

2
Australia
298
285
27.4%
302

3
Russia
89
99
9.5%
103

4
US
57
85
8.2%
106

5
Colombia
68
76
7.3%
82

6
South Africa
68
70
6.7%
72

7
Kazakhstan
33
34
3.3%
32

8
Canada
24
24
2.3%
25

9
Vietnam
21
23
2.2%
18

10
Mongolia
17
22
2.1%
22

x
Others
19
14
1.3%

Total (Mt)
856
1,041

1,168

Top ten
97.8%
98.7%

text: Oil[edit]

text: Coal fueled the industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th century. With the advent of the automobile, aeroplanes and the spreading use of electricity, oil became the dominant fuel during the twentieth century. The growth of oil as the largest fossil fuel was further enabled by steadily dropping prices from 1920 until 1973. After the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979, during which the price of oil increased from 5 to 45 US dollars per barrel, there was a shift away from oil.[40] Coal, natural gas, and nuclear became the fuels of choice for electricity generation and conservation measures increased energy efficiency. In the U.S. the average car more than doubled the number of miles per gallon. Japan, which bore the brunt of the oil shocks, made spectacular improvements and now has the highest energy efficiency in the world.[41] From 1965 to 2008, the use of fossil fuels has continued to grow and their share of the energy supply has increased. From 2003 to 2008, coal was the fastest growing fossil fuel.[42]

text: It is estimated that between 100 and 135 billion tonnes of oil has been consumed between 1850 and the present.[43]

text: Natural Gas[edit]

text: In 2009, the world use of natural gas grew 31% compared to 2000. 66% of this growth was outside EU, North America, Latin America, and Russia. Others include the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. The gas supply increased also in the previous regions: 8.6% in the EU and 16% in the North America 2000–2009.[44]

text:
Regional gas supply (TWh) and share 2010 (%)[38][44]

Land
2000
2008
2009
2010
 %

North America
7,621
7,779
8,839
8,925
27%

Asia excl. China
2,744
4,074
4,348
4,799
14%

China
270
825
1,015
1,141
3%

EU
4,574
5,107
4,967
5,155
16%

Africa
612
974
1,455
1,099
3%

Russia
3,709
4,259
4,209
4,335
13%

Latin America
1,008
1,357
958
nd
nd

Others
3,774
5,745
6,047
7,785
23%

Total
24,312
30,134
31,837
33,240
100%

Source: IEA, in 2009, 2010 BP

text: Nuclear power[edit]

text: As of 1 July 2016, the world had 444 operable grid-electric nuclear power reactors with 62 others under construction.[45] Since commercial nuclear energy began in the mid 1950s, 2008 was the first year that no new nuclear power plant was connected to the grid, although two were connected in 2009.[46][47]

text: Annual generation of nuclear power has been on a slight downward trend since 2007, decreasing 1.8% in 2009 to 2558 TWh, and another 1.6% in 2011 to 2518 TWh, despite increases in production from most countries worldwide, because those increases were more than offset by decreases in Germany and Japan. Nuclear power met 11.7% of the world's electricity demand in 2011. Source: IEA/OECD[6]

text: Renewable energy[edit]

text: Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources that are not significantly depleted by their use, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat.[49] Renewable energy is gradually replacing conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.[50]

text: Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (non-biomass), 3.8% hydro electricity and 2% electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$214 billion in 2013, with countries like China and the United States heavily investing in wind, hydro, solar and biofuels.[51] Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits.[52] In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power.[53] At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 percent of energy supply. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond.[54]

text: The following table shows increasing nameplate capacity, and has capacity factors that range from 11% for solar, to 40% for hydropower.[55]

text:
Selected renewable energy global indicators
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Investment in new renewable capacity (annual) (109 USD)[56]
182
178
237
279
256
232
270
285

Renewables power capacity (existing) (GWe)
1,140
1,230
1,320
1,360
1,470
1,578
1,712
1,849

Hydropower capacity (existing) (GWe)
885
915
945
970
990
1,018
1,055
1,064

Wind power capacity (existing) (GWe)
121
159
198
238
283
319
370
433

Solar PV capacity (grid-connected) (GWe)
16
23
40
70
100
138
177
227

Solar hot water capacity (existing) (GWth)
130
160
185
232
255
373
406
435

Ethanol production (annual) (109 litres)
67
76
86
86
83
87
94
98

Biodiesel production (annual) (109 litres)
12
17.8
18.5
21.4
22.5
26
29.7
30

Countries with policy targets
for renewable energy use
79
89
98
118
138
144
164
173

Source: The Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21)–Global Status Report[57][58][59][60][61]

text:
Renewable energy 2000-2013 (TWh) [62]

2000
2010
2013

North-America
1,973
2,237
2,443

EU
1,204
2,093
2,428

Russia
245
239
271

China
2,613
3,374
3,847

Asia (-China)
4,147
4,996
5,361

Africa
2,966
3,930
4,304

Latin America
1 502
2,127
2,242

Other
567
670
738

Total renewable
15,237
19,711
21,685

Total energy
116,958
148,736
157,485

Share
13.0%
13.3%
13.8%

Total nonrenewable
101,721
129,025
135,800

text: From 2000 to 2013 the total renewable energy use has increased 6,450 TWh and total energy use 40,500 TWh.

text: Hydro[edit]

text: Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the kinetic energy of falling or flowing water. In 2015 hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity,[63] which continues the rapid rate of increase experienced between 2003 and 2009.[64] Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generating 32 percent of global hydropower in 2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 2,600 PJ (721 TWh) of production in 2010, representing around 17% of domestic electricity use. There are now three hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam in Brazil, and Guri Dam in Venezuela.[64] Nine of the worlds top 10 renewable electricity producers are primarily hydroelectric, one is wind.

text: Marine energy[edit]

text: Marine energy, also known as ocean energy and marine and hydrokinetic energy (MHK) includes tidal and wave power and is a relatively new sector of renewable energy, with most projects still in the pilot phase, but the theoretical potential is equivalent to 4–18 million tonne of oil equivalent (toe). MHK development in U.S. and international waters includes projects using devices such as, wave energy converters in open coastal areas with significant waves, tidal turbines placed in coastal and estuarine areas, in-stream turbines in fast-moving rivers, ocean current turbines in areas of strong marine currents, and ocean thermal energy converters in deep tropical waters.[65]

text: Wind[edit]

text: Wind power is growing at the rate of 17% annually, with a worldwide installed capacity of 432,883 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2015,[66][67][68] and is widely used in Europe, Asia, and the United States.[69][70] Several countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 21% of stationary electricity production in Denmark,[71] 18% in Portugal,[71] 16% in Spain,[71] 14% in Ireland[72] and 9% in Germany in 2010.[71][73] As of 2011, 83 countries around the world are using wind power on a commercial basis.[73] Continuing strong growth, by 2016 wind generated 3% of global power annually.[74]

text: Solar[edit]

text: Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, concentrated solar power and solar architecture, which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces. The International Energy Agency projected that solar power could provide "a third of the global final energy demand after 2060, while CO2 emissions would be reduced to very low levels."[75] Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. From 2012 to 2016 solar capacity tripled and now provides 1.3% of global energy.[76]

text: Geothermal[edit]

text: Geothermal energy is used commercially in over 70 countries.[77] In 2004, 200 petajoules (56 TWh) of electricity was generated from geothermal resources, and an additional 270 petajoules (75 TWh) of geothermal energy was used directly, mostly for space heating. In 2007, the world had a global capacity for 7010100000000000000♠10 GW of electricity generation and an additional 7010280000000000000♠28 GW of direct heating, including extraction by geothermal heat pumps.[78][79] Heat pumps are small and widely distributed, so estimates of their total capacity are uncertain and range up to 7011100000000000000♠100 GW.[77]

text: Bio energy[edit]

text: Until the beginning of the nineteenth century biomass was the predominant fuel, today it has only a small share of the overall energy supply. Electricity produced from biomass sources was estimated at 44 GW for 2005. Biomass electricity generation increased by over 100% in Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. A further 220 GW was used for heating (in 2004), bringing the total energy consumed from biomass to around 264 GW. The use of biomass fires for cooking is excluded.[78] World production of bioethanol increased by 8% in 2005 to reach 33 gigalitres (8.7×109 US gal), with most of the increase in the United States, bringing it level to the levels of consumption in Brazil.[78] Biodiesel increased by 85% to 3.9 gigalitres (1.0×109 US gal), making it the fastest growing renewable energy source in 2005. Over 50% is produced in Germany.[78]

text: By country[edit]

text: World total final consumption of 13,699 Mtoe by region in 2014 (IEA, 2016)[12]

text: Energy consumption is loosely correlated with gross national product and climate, but there is a large difference even between the most highly developed countries, such as Japan and Germany with an energy consumption rate of 6 kW per person and the United States with an energy consumption rate of 11.4 kW per person. In developing countries, particularly those that are sub-tropical or tropical such as India, the per person energy use rate is closer to 0.7 kW. Bangladesh has the lowest consumption rate with 0.2 kW per person.

text: The US consumes 25% of the world's energy with a share of global GDP at 22% and a share of the world population at 4.59%.[80] The most significant growth of energy consumption is currently taking place in China, which has been growing at 5.5% per year over the last 25 years. Its population of 1.3 billion people (19.6% of the world population[80]) is consuming energy at a rate of 1.6 kW per person.

text: One measurement of efficiency is energy intensity. This is a measure of the amount of energy it takes a country to produce a dollar of gross domestic product.

text: Oil[edit]

text: Saudi Arabia, Russia and the United States accounted for 34% of oil production in 2011. Saudi Arabia, Russia and Nigeria accounted for 36% of oil export in 2011.

text:
Top 10 oil producers (Mt)[39]

Rank
Nation
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share %
2011
2012

1
Saudi Arabia
519
509
452
471
517
12.9%
544

2
Russia
470
485
494
502
510
12.7%
520

3
United States
307
300
320
336
346
8.6%
387

4
Iran
205
214
206
227
215
5.4%
186

5
China
183
190
194
200
203
5.1%
206

6
Canada
143
155
152
159
169
4.2%
182

7
UAE
nd
136
120
129
149
3.7%
163

8
Venezuela
162
137
126
149
148
3.7%
162

9
Mexico
188
159
146
144
144
3.6%
nd

10
Nigeria
133
nd
nd
130
139
3.5%
nd

x
Kuwait
nd
145
124
nd
nd
nd
152

x
Iraq
nd
nd
114
140
nd
nd
148

x
Norway
139
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd

Total
3,923
3,941
3,843
3,973
4,011
100%

Top ten
62%
62%
61%
62%
63%

text:
Top 10 oil exporters (Mt)[81]

Rank
Nation
2011
Share %
2011
2012

1
Saudi Arabia
333
17.0%

2
Russia
246
12.5%

3
Nigeria
129
6.6%

4
Iran
126
6.4%

5
UAE
105
5.4%

6
Iraq
94
4.8%

7
Venezuela
87
4.4%

8
Angola
84
4.3%

9
Norway
78
4.0%

10
Mexico
71
3.6%

x
Others
609
31.0%

Total (Mt)
1,962

text: Coal[edit]

text:
Top 10 coal producers (Mt)[39]

Rank
Nation
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share %
2011
2012

1
China
2,226
2,761
2,971
3,162
3,576
46%
3,549

2
US
1,028
1,076
985
997
1,004
13%
935

3
India
430
521
561
571
586
8%
595

4
Australia
372
397
399
420
414
5%
421

5
Indonesia
318
284
301
336
376
5%
443

6
Russia
222
323
297
324
334
4%
354

7
South Africa
315
236
247
255
253
3%
259

8
Germany
nd
nd
nd
nd
189
2%
197

9
Poland
160
144
135
134
139
2%
144

10
Kazakhstan
79
108
101
111
117
2%
126

11
Colombia
65
79
73
74
1%
nd
nd

Total
5,878
6,796
6,903
7,229
7,783
100%
7,831

Top ten
89%
87%
88%
88%
nd
90%

*include hard coal and brown coal

text:
Top 10 coal importers (Mt)[82]

Rank
Nation
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011

1
China
25
nd
114
157
177

2
Japan
178
186
165
187
175

3
South Korea
77
100
103
119
129

4
India
37
58
66
88
101

5
Taiwan
61
66
60
63
66

6
Germany
38
46
38
45
41

7
UK
44
43
38
26
32

8
Turkey
nd
19
20
27
24

9
Italy
24
25
19
22
23

10
Malaysia
nd
nd
nd
19
21

x
Spain
25
19
16
nd
nd

x
France
nd
21
nd
nd
nd

x
US
28
nd
nd
nd
nd

Total
778
778
819
949
1,002

Top ten
69%
75%
78%
79%
79%

Import of production
16%
13%
14%
15%
13%

*2005–2010 hard coal

text: Natural gas[edit]

text:
Top 10 natural gas producers (bcm)[81]

Rank
Nation
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share %
2011

1
Russia
627
657
589
637
677
20.0%

2
US
517
583
594
613
651
19.2%

3
Canada
187
175
159
160
160
4.7%

4
Qatar
nd
79
89
121
151
4.5%

5
Iran
84
121
144
145
149
4.4%

6
Norway
90
103
106
107
106
3.1%

7
China
nd
76
90
97
103
3.0%

8
Saudi Arabia
70
nd
nd
82
92
2.7%

9
Indonesia
77
77
76
88
92
2.7%

10
Netherlands
79
85
79
89
81
2.4%

x
Algeria
93
82
81
nd
nd
nd

x
UK
93
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd

Total
2,872
3,149
3,101
3,282
100%
3,388

Top ten
67%
65%
65%
65%
67%

bcm = billion cubic meters

text:
Top 10 natural gas importers (bcm)[81]

Rank
Nation
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Share %
2011

1
Japan
81
95
93
99
116
13.9%

2
Italy
73
77
69
75
70
8.4%

3
Germany
91
79
83
83
68
8.2%

4
US
121
84
76
74
55
6.6%

5
South Korea
29
36
33
43
47
5.6%

6
Ukraine
62
53
38
37
44
5.3%

7
Turkey
27
36
35
37
43
5.2%

8
France
47
44
45
46
41
4.9%

9
UK
nd
26
29
37
37
4.4%

10
Spain
33
39
34
36
34
4.1%

x
Netherlands
23
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd

Total
838
783
749
820
834
100%

Top ten
70%
73%
71%
69%
67%

Import of production
29%
25%
24%
25%
25%

bcm = billion cubic meters

text: Wind power[edit]

text:
Top 10 countries
by nameplate windpower capacity
(2011 year-end)[83]

Country
Windpower capacity
(MW) ǂprovisional
 % world total

China
62,733ǂ
26.3

United States
46,919
19.7

Germany
29,060
12.2

Spain
21,674
9.1

India
16,084
6.7

France
6,800ǂ
2.8

Italy
6,747
2.8

United Kingdom
6,540
2.7

Canada
5,265
2.2

Portugal
4,083
1.7

(rest of world)
32,446
13.8

World total
238,351 MW
100%

text:
Top 10 countries
by windpower electricity production
(2010 totals)[84]

Country
Windpower production
(TWh)
 % world total

United States
95.2
27.6

China
55.5
15.9

Spain
43.7
12.7

Germany
36.5
10.6

India
20.6
6.0

United Kingdom
10.2
3.0

France
9.7
2.8

Portugal
9.1
2.6

Italy
8.4
2.5

Canada
8.0
2.3

(rest of world)
48.5
14.1

World total
344.8 TWh
100%

text: By sector[edit]

text:
World energy use by sector, 2012[85]

Sector
1015Btu
Petawatt-hours
percentage

Residential
53.0
15.5
13

Commercial
29.3
8.6
7

Industrial
222.3
65.1
54

Transportation
104.2
30.5
26

Total*
408.9
119.8
100

Source: US DOE. PWh from 0.293 times Btu column.
Numbers are the end use of energy

text: The table to the right shows the amounts of energy consumed worldwide in 2012 by four sectors, according to the Energy Information Administration of the US Department of Energy:

text:
Residential (heating, lighting, and appliances)
Commercial (lighting, heating and cooling of commercial buildings, and provision of water and sewer services)
Industrial users (agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and construction)
Transportation (passenger, freight, and pipeline)

tag: ul

text: Of the total 120 PWh (7020432000000000000♠120×1015 Wh) consumed, 19.4 were in the form of electricity, but this electricity required 61.7 PWh to produce. Thus the total energy consumption was around 160 PWh (ca 7020580280718941000♠550×1015 Btu).[85] The efficiency of a typical existing power plant is around 38%.[86] The new generation of gas-fired plants reaches a substantially higher efficiency of 55%. Coal is the most common fuel for the world's electricity plants.[87]

text: Another report gives different values for the sectors, apparently due to different definitions. According to this, total world energy use per sector in 2008 was industry 28%, transport 27% and residential and service 36%. Division was about the same in the year 2000.[88]

text:
World energy use per sector[88]

Year
2000
2008
2000
2008

Sector
TWh
 %*

Industry
21,733
27,273
26.5
27.8

Transport
22,563
26,742
27.5
27.3

Residential and service
30,555
35,319
37.3
36.0

Non-energy use
7,119
8,688
8.7
8.9

Total*
81,970
98,022
100
100

Source: IEA 2010, Total is calculated from the given sectors
Numbers are the end use of energy
Total world energy supply (2008) 143,851 TWh

text: European Union[edit]

text: The European Environmental Agency (EEA) measures final energy consumption (does not include energy used in production and lost in transportation) and finds that the transport sector is responsible for 31.8% of final energy consumption, households 26.2%, industry 25.6%, services 13.5% and agriculture 2.9% in 2012.[89] The use of energy is responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions (79%), with the energy sector representing 31%, transport 19%, industry 13%, households 9% and others 7%.[90]

text: While efficient energy use and resource efficiency are growing as public policy issues, more than 70% of coal plants in the European Union are more than 20 years old and operate at an efficiency level of between 32–40%.[91] Technological developments in the 1990s have allowed efficiencies in the range of 40–45% at newer plants.[91] However, according to an impact assessment by the European Commission, this is still below the best available technological (BAT) efficiency levels of 46–49%.[91] With gas-fired power plants the average efficiency is 52% compared to 58–59% with best available technology (BAT), and gas and oil boiler plants operate at average 36% efficiency (BAT delivers 47%).[91] According to that same impact assessment by the European Commission, raising the efficiency of all new plants and the majority of existing plants, through the setting of authorisation and permit conditions, to an average generation efficiency of 51.5% in 2020 would lead to a reduction in annual consumption of 15 km3 (3.6 cu mi) of natural gas and 25 Mt (25,000,000 long tons; 28,000,000 short tons) of coal.[91]


document_title: Chevrolet Camaro

question_text: what year did the camaro z28 come out

question_tokens: what year did the camaro z28 come out

text: Chevrolet Camaro

text: Background[edit]

text: Before any official announcement, reports began running during April 1965 within the automotive press that Chevrolet was preparing a competitor to the Ford Mustang, code-named Panther.[6] On June 21, 1966, around 200 automotive journalists received a telegram from General Motors stating, "...please save noon of June 28 for important SEPAW meeting. Hope you can be on hand to help scratch a cat. Details will follow...(signed) John L. Cutter – Chevrolet public relations – SEPAW secretary." The following day, the same journalists received another General Motors telegram stating, "Society for the Eradication of Panthers from the Automotive World will hold first and last meeting on June 28...(signed) John L. Cutter – Chevrolet public relations SEPAW secretary." These telegrams puzzled the automotive journalists.[6]

text: On June 28, 1966, General Motors held a live press conference in Detroit’s Statler-Hilton Hotel. It was the first time that 14 cities were connected in real time for a press conference via telephone lines.[6] Chevrolet general manager Pete Estes started the news conference stating that all attendees of the conference were charter members of the Society for the Elimination of Panthers from the Automotive World and that this would be the first and last meeting of SEPAW. Estes then announced a new car line, project designation XP-836, with a name that Chevrolet chose in keeping with other car names beginning with the letter C such as the Corvair, Chevelle, Chevy II, and Corvette. He claimed the name, suggests the comradeship of good friends as a personal car should be to its owner and that to us, the name means just what we think the car will do... go. The Camaro name was then unveiled.[6] Automotive press asked Chevrolet product managers, what is a Camaro? and were told it was a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs.[7]

text: According to the book The Complete Book of Camaro: Every Model Since 1967, the name Camaro was conceived by Chevrolet merchandising manager Bob Lund and General Motors vice president Ed Rollett, while they were reading the book Heath's French and English Dictionary by James Boïelle and by de V. Payen-Payne printed in 1936. In the book The Complete Book of Camaro, it states that Mr. Lund and Mr. Rollett found the word camaro in the French-English dictionary was slang, to mean friend, pal, or comrade. The article further repeated Estes's statement of what the word camaro was meant to imply, that the car's name "suggests the comradeship of good friends, as a personal car should be to its owner".[8] In fact, the actual French word that has that meaning is "camarade", from which the English word "comrade" is derived,[9] and not "camaro"; "camaro" is not a recognized word in the French language.[10]

text: The Camaro was first shown at a press preview in Detroit, Michigan, on September 12, 1966, and later in Los Angeles, California, on September 19, 1966. Public introduction of the new model was on September 26, 1966.[11] The Camaro officially went on sale in dealerships on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year.[12]

text: First generation (1967–1969)[edit]

text: The first-generation Camaro debuted in September 1966, for the 1967 model year, up to 1969 on a new rear-wheel drive GM F-body platform and was available as a two-door coupé or convertible with 2+2 seating, and a choice of 230 cu in (3.8 L), 250 cu in (4.1 L) inline-6 or 302 cu in (4.9 L), 307 cu in (5.0 L), 327 cu in (5.4 L), 350 cu in (5.7 L), and 396 cu in (6.5 L) V8 powerplants. Concerned with the runaway success of the Ford Mustang, Chevrolet executives realized that their compact sporty car, the Corvair, would not be able to generate the sales volume of the Mustang due to its rear-engine design, as well as declining sales, partly due to the negative publicity from Ralph Nader's book, Unsafe at Any Speed. Therefore, the Camaro was touted as having the same conventional rear-drive, front-engine configuration as the Mustang and Chevy II Nova. In addition, the Camaro was designed to fit a variety of power plants in the engine bay. The first-generation Camaro lasted until the 1969 model year and eventually inspired the design of the new retro fifth-generation Camaro.

text: The first-generation offered a standard, Super Sport, and Rally Sport editions. In 1967, the Z/28 model was added featuring stripes on the hood and trunk, styled rally road wheels, and a 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8 engine.

text: Second generation (1970 - 1981)[edit]

text: Introduced in February 1970, the second-generation Camaro was produced through the 1981 model year, with cosmetic changes made in 1974 and 1978 model years. The car was heavily restyled and became somewhat larger and wider with the new styling. Still based on the F-body platform, the new Camaro was similar to its predecessor, with a unibody structure, front subframe, an A-arm front suspension, and leaf springs to control the solid rear axle. Road & Track picked the 1971 SS350 as one of the 10 best cars in the world in August 1971. RS (shown to the right), SS package was dropped in 1972 and reintroduced in 1996.

text: The 1980 and 1981 Z28 models included an air induction hood scoop with an intake door that opened under full throttle.

text: Third generation (1982–1992)[edit]

text: The third-generation Camaro was produced from 1981 (for the 1982 model year) to 1992. These were the first Camaros to offer modern fuel injection, Turbo-Hydramatic 700R4 four-speed automatic transmissions, five-speed manual transmissions, 15- or 16-inch wheels, a standard OHV 4-cylinder engine,[13] and hatchback bodies. The cars were nearly 500 pounds (227 kg) lighter than the second generation model.

text: The IROC-Z was introduced in 1985 and continued through 1990. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Regulations required a CHMSL (Center High Mounted Stop Lamp) starting with the 1986 model year. For 1986, the new brake light was located on the exterior of the upper center area of the back hatch glass. Additionally, the 2.5 L Iron Duke pushrod 4-cylinder engine was dropped, and all base models now came with the 2.8 L V6 (OHV). For 1987 and later, the CHMSL was either mounted inside the upper hatch glass, or integrated into a rear spoiler (if equipped). In 1985, the 305 cu in (5.0 L) small block V8 was available with indirect injection called "tuned port injection" (TPI). In 1987 the L98 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8 engine became a regular option on the IROC-Z, paired with an automatic transmission only. The convertible body style returned in 1987 (absent since 1969) and all came with a special "20th Anniversary Commemorative Edition" leather map pocket. 1992 offered a "25th Anniversary Heritage Package" that included stripes and a unique spoiler plaque. Beginning in 1988, the 1LE performance package was introduced, optional on street models and for showroom stock racing in the U.S. and Canada. The B4C or "police" package was made available beginning in 1991. This created a Z28 in more subtle RS styling.

text: Fourth generation (1993–2002)[edit]

text: The fourth-generation Camaro debuted in 1993 on an updated F-body platform. It retained the same characteristics since its introduction in 1967: a coupé body style with 2+2 seating (with an optional T-top roof) or convertible (reintroduced in 1994), rear-wheel drive, pushrod 6-cylinder and V8 engines. The standard powerplant from 1993-1995 was a 3.4 L V6, then a 3.8 L V6 was introduced in 1995. A 350 MPFI (LT1) Small Block V-8 engine, which was introduced in the Corvette in 1992, was standard in the Z28. Optional equipment included all-speed traction control and a new six-speed T-56 manual transmission; the 4L60E 4-speed automatic transmission was standard on the Z28, yet optional on the V6 models which came with 5-speed manual as standard. Anti-lock brakes were standard equipment on all Camaros. A limited quantity of the SS version (1996-1997) came with the 330 HP LT4 small block engine from the Corvette, although most were equipped with the 275 hp LT1. The 1997 model year included a revised interior, and the 1998 models included exterior styling changes, and a switch to GM's aluminium block LS1 used in the Corvette C5. In 1998, the 5.7 L LS1 was the first all-aluminum engine offered in a Camaro since the 1969 ZL-1 and carried a 305-horsepower rating.[14] The SS versions (1998-2002) received slightly improved exhaust and intake systems, bigger wheels and tires, a slightly revised suspension for improved handling and grip while retaining ride comfort, an arc-shaped rear wing for downforce, and different gearing ratios for faster acceleration, over the Z28 models. Chevrolet offered a 35th anniversary edition for the 2002 model year. Production of the F-Body platform was discontinued due to slowing sales, a deteriorating market for sports coupés, and plant overcapacity, but an entirely new platform went on sale in 2009. The B4C Special Service Package for police agencies was carried over from the 3rd generation & sold between 1993-2002.[15][16]

text: Fifth generation (2010–2015)[edit]

text: The Camaro received a complete redesign and new platform for the 2010 model year and fifth generation. Based on the 2006 Camaro Concept[17] and 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept, production of the fifth-generation Camaro was approved on August 10, 2006. The Oshawa Car Assembly plant in the city of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, began producing the new Camaro[18] which went on sale in spring of 2009 as a 2010 model year vehicle.[19][20]

text: Following the development of the Zeta architecture and because of its position as the GM global center of RWD development, GM Holden in Australia led the final design, engineering, and development of the Camaro. Production of the coupé began on March 16, 2009, in LS, LT, and SS trim levels.[21][22] LS and LT models are powered by a 3.6 L (220 cu in) V6 producing 312 hp (233 kW) for the 2010 and 2011 models mated to either a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed automatic with manual shift. The SS is powered by the 6.2 L (376 cu in) LS3 V8 producing 426 hp (318 kW) and is paired with a 6-speed manual. The automatic SS has the L99 V8 with 400 hp (300 kW). The RS appearance package is available on both the LT and SS and features 20-inch wheels with a darker gray tone, halo rings around xenon headlamps, a unique spoiler, and red RS or SS badges.

text: On April 1, 2010, the Camaro was named the World Car Design of the Year at the World Car of the Year Awards.[23]

text: In late January 2011, the production of 2011 Camaro Convertibles started. The first going to Rick Hendrick via Barret-Jackson Car Auction. Convertibles had the same options as the coupé (engines, RS, SS, etc.). The Camaro convertible added an aluminium brace over the engine assembly, and under the transmission. Due to the 2011 Fukushima earthquake, certain pigment colors were not available to make certain colors.

text: On November 2011, the export version (excluding Japanese version) of the Camaro was introduced after a two-year delay. The delay was due to the unexpected domestic demand. The export version included different tail lamps with integrated reverse and amber turn signal lamps, larger external rear view mirrors with integrated side turn signal repeaters, a rear bumper without reverse light inserts, and other changes as to comply with ECE regulations.[24]

text: Although not in continuous production for the entire period, the 2012 model year marked the 45th anniversary of the Camaro and this was commemorated with a model available only in "Carbon Flash Metallic" paint. This edition Camaro also included a unique stripe package, red, white, and blue interior stitching and 45th edition exclusive 20-inch wheels. The V6 was updated to a 3.6 L "LFX" engine producing 323 hp (241 kW). The SS model received an upgrade to the suspension system. All models received the RS spoiler and taillight details, steering wheel-mounted volume and radio controls, and Bluetooth connectivity controls as standard. The 2012 ZL1 Camaro included a 6.2 L LSA supercharged V8 producing 580 hp (430 kW). This engine was first used in the Cadillac CTS-V for the 2009 model year. Other features included a 2-stage exhaust, the addition of suede seats, steering wheel, and shift knob, as well as ZL1-exclusive 20-inch aluminum wheels. In 2012, Chevrolet unveiled the production of the 2013 Camaro ZL1 Convertible.

text: On December 19, 2012, GM announced that Camaro production would return to the United States at the Lansing Grand River Assembly Plant in Michigan, citing "lower capital investment and improved production efficiencies" as "key factors" in the move.[25] This move was expected to start in late 2015 or early 2016.[26]

text: The 2013 New York Auto Show unveiled the 2014 Camaros with a refreshed body style and a return of a Z/28 model.[27] Upgrades included a slimmer grille along with a larger lower fascia and new fog lights along with taillights that took styling cues from the original first generation Camaro. The RS appearance package incorporates LEDs into both the headlights and taillights. The Z/28 model features a high-performance 7.0 L LS7 V8 engine that produces 505 hp (377 kW),[28] the same engine used in the C6 Z06 Corvette. The new Z/28 features upgrades intended to improve lap times, and as with the original Z/28, air conditioning is an option. The Z/28 model retains only one speaker for the seat belt chime, the rear quarter glass has been thinned, rear seats have been thinned, and most of the sound deadening has been removed in an effort to reduce the weight of the vehicle.

text: In November 2015, Motor Trend Magazine named the 2016 Camaro its Car of the Year, further cementing the car's staying power and consumer appeal, as it moves into its 6th generation.[29]

text: Sixth generation (2016–present)[edit]

text: On May 16, 2015, Chevrolet introduced the sixth generation Camaro at Belle Isle park in Detroit, Michigan. The launch, complete with previous generation Camaros on display, coincided with the vehicle's upcoming 50th birthday.[30]

text: The sixth generation Camaro[31] sales began in late 2015 and are offered in LT and SS models built on the GM Alpha platform at Lansing Grand River Assembly in Michigan.[32] The Alpha platform is currently used by the Cadillac ATS and Cadillac CTS. The 2016 Camaro will weigh 200 lb (91 kg) less than its predecessor. Over 70% of the sixth generation's architectural components are unique to the car and are not shared with any other current GM product.[33]

text: Early production will have three engine versions: a 2.0 L turbo-charged inline-four producing 275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS), a new 3.6 L V6 making 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS), while the SS model features the 6.2 L LT1 V8 with 455 hp (339 kW; 461 PS); the ZL1 model will use a supercharged 650 hp (480 kW) LT4 based on the Corvette Z06,[34] and the transmissions are either a six-speed manual or an eight-speed automatic (the 2017 ZL1 will share the six-speed manual but has an optional ten-speed automatic).[32]

text: The 2016 Camaro[35] will come equipped with both Apple CarPlay and Android Auto Capability features. However, only one of their phone brands at any one time can be used.[36][37] The 2017 ZL1 Camaro has a top speed of 198 mph, and a Nürburgring Nordschleife lap time of 7:29.6.[38]

text: For the 2017 model year, the 1LE performance package returns to the Camaro. The package builds off the success of the previous-generation 1LE, offering increased handling and track performance. In response to customer demand, Chevrolet offers two distinct 1LE packages, for both V6 and V8 models, each visually distinguished with a satin black hood, specific wheels and more.[39]

text: For the 2018 model year, Chevrolet introduced the ZL1 1LE package for the Camaro. The new package tested to be three seconds faster around General Motors' Milford Road Course than the next-fastest ZL1 Camaro. The ZL1 1LE performance package introduces improved aerodynamics, a new racing-inspired adjustable suspension, and new lightweight forged aluminum wheels with Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar 3R tires created especially for the ZL1 1LE. Overall the new performance package reduces the car's weight by 60 lb (27 kg) over the ZL1. The ZL1 1LE shares the ZL1's supercharged 650 hp (480 kW) LT4 engine paired with a six-speed manual transmission with Active Rev Match.[40]

text: Racing[edit]

text: The Camaro was one of the vehicles in the SCCA-sanctioned Trans-Am Series. Chevrolet worked with Roger Penske to operate their unofficially factory-backed Trans Am team, winning the title in 1968 and 1969 with Mark Donohue. Jim Hall's Chaparral team replaced Penske for the 1970 season. Warren Agor of Rochester, NY, was the series' leading Camaro privateer, his orange #13's o, 1993, 1994, and 1998.

text: There was also another SCCA Trans-Am Series Camaro that was not popular because of racing but because of its body modifications. This Camaro, number 13, had been built and driven by Henry “Smokey” Yunick. Smokey Yunick was a car builder who worked to reduce the weight of his cars by acid-dipping body parts and installing thinner safety glass.

text: Camaro-styled cars also race in the NASCAR Xfinity Series.

text: The Penske/Donohue Camaros also had the front sheet metal dropped, all four fenders widened, windshield laid back, front sub-frame “Z’d” to lower the car, the floor pan moved up and even the drip-rails were moved closer to the body. This Camaro had always kept its stock look and had a 302 engine that was able to produce 482 horsepower. One part that had come out of his testing was the Edelbrock Cross-Manifold. To this day the Smokey Yunick 1968 Camaro is owned by Vic Edelbrock Jr.

text: Bob Jane won both the 1971 and 1972 Australian Touring Car Championships at the wheel of a Camaro.[41]

text: The Camaro was the official car of and used in the International Race of Champions starting in 1975 and lasting for 12 years until 1989. It was the first American car of the series succeeding the Porsche Carrera RSR.

text: Today, Camaros are raced in many forms of auto racing throughout the world. They are a favorite in drag racing, have won many championships, and can be currently found in several series from the National Hot Rod Association, International Hot Rod Association, and United States Hot Rod Association. Road racing Camaros can currently be found in the Sports Car Club of America's American Sedan series. They have also been the vehicle used in the Swedish Camaro Cup series since 1975.

text: The Camaro was the Indianapolis 500 Pace Car in 1967, 1969, 1982, 1993, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2014. The Camaro also paced races at Daytona, Watkins Glen, Mosport in Canada, and Charlotte Motor Speedway.

text: The Camaro was also a regular in the IMSA GT Series.

text: The fifth-generation Camaro took to the tracks in 2010 in the GT class of the Grand Am Road Racing Championship. Stevenson Motorsports announced that it was seeking to run a two-car team of Pratt & Miller built cars, based on the same spaceframe as the Pontiac GXP-R.[42] The team also competed with Camaros in the Grand Sports class of the Grand-Am's Continental Tire Challenge.[43]

text: In 2013, the Camaro was the car used for almost all the Chevy teams in the NASCAR Nationwide Series. Later, all Chevy teams used a Camaro in the Xfinity Series. The Camaro ZL1 will be introduced in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series in 2018, replacing the discontinued Chevrolet SS.[44] On February 18 2018 Austin Dillon won the Daytona 500 in what was the Camaro ZL1's debut in the Nascar Monster Energy series.

text: Sales[edit]

text:
Model year
US sales[45]

1967
220,906

1968
235,147

1969
243,085

1970
124,901

1971
114,630

1972
68,651

1973
96,571

1974
151,008

1975
145,770

1976
182,959

1977
218,853

1978
272,631

1979
282,571

1980
152,005

1981
126,139

1982
189,747

1983
154,381

1984
261,591

1985
180,018

1986
192,219

1987
137,760

1988
96,275

1989
110,739

1990
34,986

1991
100,838

1992
70,007

1993
39,103

1994
119,799

1995
122,738

1996
61,362

1997
60,202

1998
54,026

1999
42,098

2000
45,461

2001
29,009

2002
41,776

Camaro ceases production until 2009

2010
81,299[46]

2011
88,249[46]

2012
84,391[47]

2013
80,567[48]

2014
86,297[49]

2015
77,502[50]

2016
72,705[51]

2017
67,940[52]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: General Motors has made product placement, or embedded marketing, deals for the Chevrolet Camaro in numerous media.[53][54]

text: The vehicle mode of the fictional character Bumblebee in the 2007 film, Transformers, is first depicted as a 1976 Camaro[55] and later a fifth-generation concept variant. A modified fifth-generation Camaro reprises the role of Bumblebee in the sequels, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.[56] Bumblebee takes on the form of a modified 1967 Camaro in Transformers: Age of Extinction, and later a sixth-generation concept Camaro. He also returns as a modified 2016 Camaro in Transformers: The Last Knight.