document_title: List of highest mountains on Earth

question_text: where is the tallest mountain in the world located

text: List of highest mountains on Earth

text: Considerations[edit]

text: The dividing line between a mountain with multiple peaks and separate mountains is not always clear (see also Highest unclimbed mountain). A popular and intuitive way to distinguish mountains from subsidiary peaks is by their height above the highest saddle connecting it to a higher summit, a measure called topographic prominence or re-ascent (the higher summit is called the "parent peak"). A common definition of a mountain is a summit with 300 m (980 ft) prominence. Alternatively, a relative prominence (prominence/height) is used (usually 7–8%) to reflect that in higher mountain ranges everything is on a larger scale. The table below lists the highest 100 summits with at least 500 m (1,640 ft) prominence, approximating a 7% relative prominence. A drawback of a prominence-based list is that it may exclude well-known or spectacular mountains that are connected via a high ridge to a taller summit, such as Eiger or Nuptse. A few such peaks and mountains with nearly sufficient prominence are included but not numbered in this list.

text: It is very unlikely that all given heights are correct to the nearest metre; indeed, the sea level is often problematic to define when a mountain is remote from the sea. Different sources often differ by many metres, and the heights given below may well differ from those elsewhere in this encyclopedia. As an extreme example, Ulugh Muztagh on the north Tibetan Plateau is often listed as 7,723 m (25,338 ft) to 7,754 m (25,440 ft), but appears to be only 6,973 m (22,877 ft) to 6,987 m (22,923 ft). Some mountains differ by > 100 m (330 ft) on different maps, while even very thorough current measurements of Mount Everest range from 8,840 m (29,003 ft) to 8,850 m (29,035 ft). These discrepancies serve to emphasize the uncertainties in the listed heights.

text: Though some parts of the world, especially the most mountainous parts, have never been thoroughly mapped, it is unlikely that any mountains this high have been overlooked, because synthetic aperture radar can and has been used to measure elevations of most otherwise inaccessible places. Still, heights and/or prominences may be revised, so that the order of the list may change and even "new" mountains could enter the list over time. To be safe, the list has been extended to include all 7,200 m (23,622 ft) peaks.

text: The highest mountains above sea level are generally not the highest above the surrounding terrain. There is no precise definition of surrounding base, but Denali, Mount Kilimanjaro and Nanga Parbat are possible candidates for the tallest mountain on land by this measure. The bases of mountain islands are below sea level, and given this consideration Mauna Kea (4,207 m (13,802 ft) above sea level) is the world's tallest mountain and volcano, rising about 10,203 m (33,474 ft) from the Pacific Ocean floor. Ojos del Salado has the greatest rise on Earth—13,420 m (44,029 ft) from the summit[citation needed] to the bottom of the Atacama Trench about 560 km (350 mi) away, though most of this rise is not part of the mountain.

text: The highest mountains are also not generally the most voluminous. Mauna Loa (4,169 m or 13,678 ft) is the largest mountain on Earth in terms of base area (about 2,000 sq mi or 5,200 km2) and volume (about 10,000 cu mi or 42,000 km3), although, due to the intergrade of lava from Kilauea, Hualalai and Mauna Kea, the volume can only be estimated based on surface area and height of the edifice. Mt. Kilimanjaro is the largest non-shield volcano in terms of both base area (245 sq mi or 635 km2) and volume (1,150 cu mi or 4,793 km3). Mount Logan is the largest non-volcanic mountain in base area (120 sq mi or 311 km2).

text: The highest mountains above sea level are also not those with peaks farthest from the centre of the Earth, because the figure of the Earth is not spherical. Sea level closer to the equator is several kilometres farther from the centre of the Earth. The summit of Chimborazo, Ecuador's tallest mountain, is usually considered to be the farthest point from the Earth's centre, although the southern summit of Peru's tallest mountain, Huascarán, is another contender.[1] Both have elevations above sea level more than 2 km less than that of Everest.

text: Geographical distribution[edit]

text:
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap · Google Maps

Download coordinates as: KML · GPX

text: Almost all mountains in the list are located in the Himalaya and Karakoram ranges to the south and west of the Tibetan plateau. In fact, all 7,000 m (23,000 ft) peaks in the world are located in the centre of Asia (East Asia, Central Asia and South Asia) in a rectangle edged by Noshaq (7,492 m or 24,580 ft) on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border in the West, Jengish Chokusu, (Tuōmù'ěr Fēng) (7,439 m or 24,406 ft) on the Kyrgyzstan – Xinjiang border to the North, Gongga Shan (Minya Konka) (7,556 m or 24,790 ft) in Sichuan to the East, and Kabru (7,412 m or 24,318 ft) on the Sikkim (India) – Nepal border to the South.

text: The highest mountain outside of Asia is Aconcagua (6,962 m or 22,841 ft), which one list has ranking 189th in the world amongst mountains with a 500 m or 1,640 ft prominence cutoff.[2]

text: List[edit]

text:
Rank
Mountain
Height[3]
Prominence
(m)[4]
Range
Coordinates[5]
Parent mountain
[6]
First
ascent
Ascents
(failed attempts)
bef. 2004[7]
Country
(with disputed
claims in italics)

m
ft

1
Mount Everest /
Sagarmatha /
Chomolungma
8,848[8]
29,029
8,848
Mahalangur Himalaya
27°59′17″N 86°55′31″E / 27.98806°N 86.92528°E / 27.98806; 86.92528 (1. Mount Everest / Sagarmatha / Chomolungma (8848 m))
none
1953
>>145 (121)
Nepal • China

2
K2 / Qogir /
Godwin Austen
8,611
28,251
4,020
Baltoro Karakoram
35°52′53″N 76°30′48″E / 35.88139°N 76.51333°E / 35.88139; 76.51333 (2. K2 / Qogir / Godwin Austen (8611 m))
Mount Everest[9]
1954
45 (44)
Pakistan[dp 1] • China[dp 2]

3
Kangchenjunga
8,586
28,169
3,922
Kangchenjunga Himalaya
27°42′12″N 88°08′51″E / 27.70333°N 88.14750°E / 27.70333; 88.14750 (3. Kangchenjunga (8586 m)) *
Mount Everest
1955
38 (24)
Nepal • India

4
Lhotse
8,516
27,940
610
Mahalangur Himalaya
27°57′42″N 86°55′59″E / 27.96167°N 86.93306°E / 27.96167; 86.93306 (4. Lhotse (8516 m))
Mount Everest
1956
26 (26)
Nepal • China

5
Makalu
8,485
27,838
2,378
Mahalangur Himalaya
27°53′23″N 87°05′20″E / 27.88972°N 87.08889°E / 27.88972; 87.08889 (5. Makalu (8485 m))
Mount Everest
1955
45 (52)
Nepal • China

6
Cho Oyu [10]
8,188
26,864
2,340
Mahalangur Himalaya
28°05′39″N 86°39′39″E / 28.09417°N 86.66083°E / 28.09417; 86.66083 (6. Cho Oyu (8188 m))
Mount Everest
1954
79 (28)
Nepal • China

7
Dhaulagiri I
8,167
26,795
3,357
Dhaulagiri Himalaya
28°41′48″N 83°29′35″E / 28.69667°N 83.49306°E / 28.69667; 83.49306 (7. Dhaulagiri I (8167 m))
K2
1960
51 (39)
Nepal

8
Manaslu
8,163
26,781
3,092
Manaslu Himalaya
28°33′00″N 84°33′35″E / 28.55000°N 84.55972°E / 28.55000; 84.55972 (8. Manaslu (8163 m))
Cho Oyu
1956
49 (45)
Nepal

9
Nanga Parbat
8,126
26,660
4,608
Nanga Parbat Himalaya
35°14′14″N 74°35′21″E / 35.23722°N 74.58917°E / 35.23722; 74.58917 (9. Nanga Parbat (8126 m))
Dhaulagiri
1953
52 (67)
Pakistan[dp 1]

10
Annapurna I
8,091
26,545
2,984
Annapurna Himalaya
28°35′44″N 83°49′13″E / 28.59556°N 83.82028°E / 28.59556; 83.82028 (10. Annapurna I (8091 m))
Cho Oyu
1950
36 (47)
Nepal

11
Gasherbrum I /
Hidden Peak / K5
8,080
26,509
2,155
Baltoro Karakoram
35°43′28″N 76°41′47″E / 35.72444°N 76.69639°E / 35.72444; 76.69639 (11. Gasherbrum I / Hidden Peak / K5 (8080 m))
K2
1958
31 (16)
Pakistan[dp 1] • China[dp 2]

12
Broad Peak
8,051
26,414
1,701
Baltoro Karakoram
35°48′38″N 76°34′06″E / 35.81056°N 76.56833°E / 35.81056; 76.56833 (12. Broad Peak / K3 (8051 m))
Gasherbrum I
1957
39 (19)
Pakistan[dp 1] • China[dp 2]

13
Gasherbrum II / K4
8,035
26,362
1,524
Baltoro Karakoram
35°45′28″N 76°39′12″E / 35.75778°N 76.65333°E / 35.75778; 76.65333 (13. Gasherbrum II / K4 (8035 m))
Gasherbrum I
1956
54 (12)
Pakistan[dp 1] • China[dp 2]

14
Shishapangma / Gosainthān
8,027
26,335
2,897
Jugal Himalaya
28°21′12″N 85°46′43″E / 28.35333°N 85.77861°E / 28.35333; 85.77861 (14. Shishapangma (8027 m))
Cho Oyu
1964
43 (19)
China

15
Gyachung Kang
7,952
26,089
672
Mahalangur Himalaya
28°05′53″N 86°44′42″E / 28.09806°N 86.74500°E / 28.09806; 86.74500 (15. Gyachung Kang (7952 m))
Cho Oyu
1964
5 (3)
Nepal • China

110
Gasherbrum III / K3a
7,946
26,070
355
Baltoro Karakoram
35°45′33″N 76°38′30″E / 35.75917°N 76.64167°E / 35.75917; 76.64167 (Gasherbrum III (7946 m))
Gasherbrum II
1975
2 (2)
Pakistan[dp 1] • China[dp 2]

16
Annapurna II
7,937
26,040
2,437
Annapurna Himalaya
28°32′05″N 84°07′19″E / 28.53472°N 84.12194°E / 28.53472; 84.12194 (16. Annapurna II (7937 m))
Annapurna I
1960
6 (19)
Nepal

17
Gasherbrum IV / K3
7,932
26,024
712
Baltoro Karakoram
35°45′38″N 76°36′58″E / 35.76056°N 76.61611°E / 35.76056; 76.61611 (17. Gasherbrum IV (7932 m))
Gasherbrum III
1958
4 (11)
Pakistan[dp 1]

18
Himalchuli
7,893
25,896
1,633
Manaslu Himalaya
28°26′12″N 84°38′23″E / 28.43667°N 84.63972°E / 28.43667; 84.63972 (18. Himalchuli (7893 m)) *
Manaslu
1960
6 (12)
Nepal

19
Distaghil Sar
7,884
25,866
2,525
Hispar Karakoram
36°19′33″N 75°11′16″E / 36.32583°N 75.18778°E / 36.32583; 75.18778 (19. Distaghil Sar (7884 m))
K2
1960
3 (5)
Pakistan[dp 1]

20
Ngadi Chuli
7,871
25,823
1,011
Manaslu Himalaya
28°30′12″N 84°34′00″E / 28.50333°N 84.56667°E / 28.50333; 84.56667 (20. Ngadi Chuli (7871 m))
Manaslu
1970
2 (6)
Nepal

111
Nuptse
7,864
25,801
305
Mahalangur Himalaya
27°58′03″N 86°53′13″E / 27.96750°N 86.88694°E / 27.96750; 86.88694 (Nuptse (7864 m))
Lhotse
1961
5 (12)
Nepal

21
Khunyang Chhish
7,823
25,666
1,765
Hispar Karakoram
36°12′19″N 75°12′28″E / 36.20528°N 75.20778°E / 36.20528; 75.20778 (21. Khunyang Chhish (7823 m)) *
Distaghil Sar
1971
2 (6)
Pakistan[dp 1]

22
Masherbrum / K1
7,821
25,659
2,457
Masherbrum Karakoram
35°38′28″N 76°18′21″E / 35.64111°N 76.30583°E / 35.64111; 76.30583 (22. Masherbrum / K1 (7821 m))
Gasherbrum I
1960
4 (9)
Pakistan[dp 1]

23
Nanda Devi
7,816
25,643
3,139
Garhwal Himalaya
30°22′33″N 79°58′15″E / 30.37583°N 79.97083°E / 30.37583; 79.97083 (23. Nanda Devi (7816 m))
Dhaulagiri
1936
14 (12)
India

24
Chomo Lonzo
7,804
25,604
590
Mahalangur Himalaya
27°55′50″N 87°06′28″E / 27.93056°N 87.10778°E / 27.93056; 87.10778 (24. Chomo Lonzo (7804 m))
Makalu
1954
3 (1)
China

25
Batura Sar
7,795
25,574
3,118
Batura Karakoram
36°30′37″N 74°31′21″E / 36.51028°N 74.52250°E / 36.51028; 74.52250 (25. Batura Sar (7795 m))
Distaghil Sar
1976
4 (6)
Pakistan[dp 1]

26
Kanjut Sar
7,790
25,558
1,660
Hispar Karakoram
36°12′20″N 75°25′01″E / 36.20556°N 75.41694°E / 36.20556; 75.41694 (26. Kanjut Sar (7790 m))
Khunyang Chhish
1959
2 (1)
Pakistan[dp 1]

27
Rakaposhi
7,788
25,551
2,818
Rakaposhi-Haramosh Karakoram
36°08′33″N 74°29′22″E / 36.14250°N 74.48944°E / 36.14250; 74.48944 (27. Rakaposhi (7788 m))
Khunyang Chhish
1958
8 (13)
Pakistan[dp 1]

28
Namcha Barwa
7,782
25,531
4,106
Assam Himalaya
29°37′52″N 95°03′19″E / 29.63111°N 95.05528°E / 29.63111; 95.05528 (28. Namcha Barwa (7782 m))
Kangchenjunga
1992
1 (2)
China

29
Kamet
7,756
25,446
2,825
Garhwal Himalaya
30°55′12″N 79°35′30″E / 30.92000°N 79.59167°E / 30.92000; 79.59167 (29. Kamet (7756 m)) *
Nanda Devi
1931
23 (14)
India

30
Dhaulagiri II
7,751
25,430
2,397
Dhaulagiri Himalaya
28°45′46″N 83°23′18″E / 28.76278°N 83.38833°E / 28.76278; 83.38833 (30. Dhaulagiri II (7751 m))
Dhaulagiri
1971
4 (11)
Nepal

31
Saltoro Kangri / K10
7,742
25,400
2,160
Saltoro Karakoram
35°23′57″N 76°50′53″E / 35.39917°N 76.84806°E / 35.39917; 76.84806 (31. Saltoro Kangri / K10 (7742 m)) *
Gasherbrum I
1962
2 (1)
India • Pakistan[dp 1][dp 3]

32
Kumbhakarna / Jannu
7,711
25,299
1,036
Kangchenjunga Himalaya
27°40′56″N 88°02′40″E / 27.68222°N 88.04444°E / 27.68222; 88.04444 (32. Jannu (7711 m)) *
Kangchenjunga
1962
17 (12)
Nepal

33
Tirich Mir
7,708
25,289
3,910
Hindu Kush
36°15′19″N 71°50′30″E / 36.25528°N 71.84167°E / 36.25528; 71.84167 (33. Tirich Mir (7708 m)) *
Batura Sar
1950
20 (11)
Pakistan

112
Molamenqing
7,703
25,272
433
Langtang Himalaya
28°21′18″N 85°48′35″E / 28.35500°N 85.80972°E / 28.35500; 85.80972 (Molamenqing (7703 m))
Shishapangma
1981
1 (0)
China

34
Gurla Mandhata
7,694
25,243
2,788
Nalakankar Himalaya
30°26′19″N 81°17′48″E / 30.43861°N 81.29667°E / 30.43861; 81.29667 (34. Gurla Mandhata (7694 m))
Dhaulagiri
1985
6 (4)
China

35
Saser Kangri I / K22
7,672
25,171
2,304
Saser Karakoram
34°52′00″N 77°45′09″E / 34.86667°N 77.75250°E / 34.86667; 77.75250 (35. Saser Kangri I / K22 (7672 m))
Gasherbrum I
1973
6 (4)
India

36
Chogolisa
7,665
25,148
1,624
Masherbrum Karakoram
35°36′47″N 76°34′29″E / 35.61306°N 76.57472°E / 35.61306; 76.57472 (36. Chogolisa (7665 m))
Masherbrum
1975
4 (2)
Pakistan[dp 1]

113
Dhaulagiri IV
7,661
25,135
469
Dhaulagiri Himalaya
28°44′09″N 83°18′55″E / 28.73583°N 83.31528°E / 28.73583; 83.31528 (Dhaulagiri IV (7661 m))
Dhaulagiri II
1975
2 (10)
Nepal

37
Kongur Tagh
7,649
25,095
3,585
Kongur Shan (Eastern Pamirs)
38°35′36″N 75°18′48″E / 38.59333°N 75.31333°E / 38.59333; 75.31333 (37. Kongur Tagh (7649 m))
Distaghil Sar
1981
2 (4)
China

114
Dhaulagiri V
7,618
24,993
340
Dhaulagiri Himalaya
28°44′02″N 83°21′41″E / 28.73389°N 83.36139°E / 28.73389; 83.36139 (Dhaulagiri V (7618 m)) *
Dhaulagiri IV
1975
2 (3)
Nepal

38
Shispare
7,611
24,970
1,240
Batura Karakoram
36°26′26″N 74°40′51″E / 36.44056°N 74.68083°E / 36.44056; 74.68083 (38. Shispare (7611 m))
Batura Sar
1974
3 (1)
Pakistan[dp 1]

39
Trivor
7,577
24,859
997
Hispar Karakoram
36°17′15″N 75°05′06″E / 36.28750°N 75.08500°E / 36.28750; 75.08500 (39. Trivor (7577 m)) *
Distaghil Sar
1960
2 (5)
Pakistan[dp 1]

40
Gangkhar Puensum
7,570
24,836
2,995
Kula Kangri Himalaya
28°02′50″N 90°27′19″E / 28.04722°N 90.45528°E / 28.04722; 90.45528 (40. Gangkhar Puensum (7570 m)) *
Kangchenjunga
unclimbed
0 (3)
Bhutan • China

41
Gongga Shan /
Minya Konka
7,556
24,790
3,642
Daxue Shan (Hengduan Shan)
29°35′43″N 101°52′47″E / 29.59528°N 101.87972°E / 29.59528; 101.87972 (41. Gongga Shan / Minya Konka (7556 m))
Mount Everest
1932
6 (7)
China

42
Annapurna III
7,555
24,787
703
Annapurna Himalaya
28°35′06″N 83°59′24″E / 28.58500°N 83.99000°E / 28.58500; 83.99000 (42. Annapurna III (7555 m))
Annapurna I
1961
10 (17)
Nepal

43
Skyang Kangri
7,545
24,754
1,085
Baltoro Karakoram
35°55′35″N 76°34′03″E / 35.92639°N 76.56750°E / 35.92639; 76.56750 (43. Skyang Kangri (7545 m))
K2
1976
1 (2)
Pakistan[dp 1] • China[dp 2]

44
Changtse
7,543
24,747
514
Mahalangur Himalaya
28°01′29″N 86°54′51″E / 28.02472°N 86.91417°E / 28.02472; 86.91417 (44. Changtse (7543 m))
Mount Everest
1982
9 (9)
China

45
Kula Kangri
7,538
24,731
1,654
Kula Kangri Himalaya
28°13′37″N 90°36′59″E / 28.22694°N 90.61639°E / 28.22694; 90.61639 (45. Kula Kangri (7538 m))
Gangkhar Puensum
1986
3 (2)
China( • Bhutan)[dp 4]

46
Kongur Tiube
7,530
24,705
840
Kongur Shan (Eastern Pamirs)
38°36′57″N 75°11′45″E / 38.61583°N 75.19583°E / 38.61583; 75.19583 (46. Kongur Tiube (7530 m))
Kongur Tagh
1956
2 (3)
China

47
Mamostong Kangri
7,516
24,659
1,803
Rimo Karakoram
35°08′31″N 77°34′39″E / 35.14194°N 77.57750°E / 35.14194; 77.57750 (47. Mamostong Kangri (7516 m))
Gasherbrum I
1984
5 (0)
India

48
Saser Kangri II E
7,513
24,649
1,458
Saser Karakoram
34°48′17″N 77°48′24″E / 34.80472°N 77.80667°E / 34.80472; 77.80667 (48. Saser Kangri II E (7513 m))
Saser Kangri I
2011
0 (0)[11]
India

49
Muztagh Ata
7,509
24,636
2,698
Muztagata (Eastern Pamirs)
38°16′33″N 75°06′58″E / 38.27583°N 75.11611°E / 38.27583; 75.11611 (49. Muztagh Ata (7546 m))
Kongur Tagh
1956
Many
China

50
Ismoil Somoni Peak
7,495
24,590
3,402
Pamir (Academy of Sciences Range)
38°56′35″N 72°00′57″E / 38.94306°N 72.01583°E / 38.94306; 72.01583 (50. Ismoil Somoni Peak (7495 m))
Muztagh Ata
1933

Tajikistan

51
Saser Kangri III
7,495
24,590
835
Saser Karakoram
34°50′44″N 77°47′06″E / 34.84556°N 77.78500°E / 34.84556; 77.78500 (51. Saser Kangri III (7495 m))
Saser Kangri I
1986
1 (0)
India

52
Noshaq
7,492
24,580
2,024
Hindu Kush
36°25′56″N 71°49′43″E / 36.43222°N 71.82861°E / 36.43222; 71.82861 (52. Noshaq (7492 m))
Tirich Mir
1960
33 (3)
Afghanistan • Pakistan

53
Pumari Chhish
7,492
24,580
884
Hispar Karakoram
36°12′41″N 75°15′01″E / 36.21139°N 75.25028°E / 36.21139; 75.25028 (53. Pumari Chhish (7492 m))
Khunyang Chhish
1979
1 (2)
Pakistan[dp 1]

54
Passu Sar
7,476
24,528
647
Batura Karakoram
36°29′16″N 74°35′16″E / 36.48778°N 74.58778°E / 36.48778; 74.58778 (54. Passu Sar (7476 m))
Batura Sar
1994
1 (0)
Pakistan[dp 1]

55
Yukshin Gardan Sar
7,469
24,505
1,374
Hispar Karakoram
36°15′04″N 75°22′29″E / 36.25111°N 75.37472°E / 36.25111; 75.37472 (55. Yukshin Gardan Sar (7469 m))
Pumari Chhish
1984
4 (1)
Pakistan[dp 1]

56
Teram Kangri I
7,462
24,482
1,703
Siachen Karakoram
35°34′48″N 77°04′42″E / 35.58000°N 77.07833°E / 35.58000; 77.07833 (56. Teram Kangri I (7462 m))
Gasherbrum I
1975
2 (0)
India • China[dp 2][dp 3]

57
Jongsong Peak
7,462
24,482
1,298
Kangchenjunga Himalaya
27°52′54″N 88°08′09″E / 27.88167°N 88.13583°E / 27.88167; 88.13583 (57. Jongsong Peak (7462 m))
Kangchenjunga
1930
2 (3)
India • China • Nepal

58
Malubiting
7,458
24,469
2,193
Rakaposhi-Haramosh Karakoram
36°00′12″N 74°52′31″E / 36.00333°N 74.87528°E / 36.00333; 74.87528 (58. Malubiting (7458 m))
Rakaposhi
1971
2 (6)
Pakistan[dp 1]

59
Gangapurna
7,455
24,459
563
Annapurna Himalaya
28°36′18″N 83°57′49″E / 28.60500°N 83.96361°E / 28.60500; 83.96361 (59. Gangapurna (7455 m))
Annapurna III
1965
8 (13)
Nepal

60
Jengish Chokusu /
Tömür / Pk Pobeda
7,439
24,406
4,148
Tian Shan
42°02′05″N 80°07′47″E / 42.03472°N 80.12972°E / 42.03472; 80.12972 (60. Jengish Chokusu / Tömür / Pk Pobeda (7439 m))
Ismail Samani Peak
1956

Kyrgyzstan • China

115
Sunanda Devi / Nanda Devi East
7,434
24,390
229
Garhwal Himalaya
30°22′00″N 79°59′40″E / 30.36667°N 79.99444°E / 30.36667; 79.99444 (Sunanda Devi (7434 m))
Nanda Devi
1939
14 (12)
India

61
K12
7,428
24,370
1,978
Saltoro Karakoram
35°17′45″N 77°01′20″E / 35.29583°N 77.02222°E / 35.29583; 77.02222 (61. K12 (7428 m))
Saltoro Kangri
1974
4 (2)
India • Pakistan[dp 1][dp 3]

62
Yangra /
Ganesh I
7,422
24,350
2,352
Ganesh Himalaya
28°23′29″N 85°07′38″E / 28.39139°N 85.12722°E / 28.39139; 85.12722 (62. Yangra / Ganesh I (7422 m))
Manaslu
1955
1 (6)
Nepal • China

63
Sia Kangri
7,422
24,350
642
Siachen Karakoram
35°39′48″N 76°45′42″E / 35.66333°N 76.76167°E / 35.66333; 76.76167 (63. Sia Kangri (7422 m))
Gasherbrum I
1934
6 (0)
Pakistan • India • China[dp 2][dp 3]

64
Momhil Sar
7,414
24,324
907
Hispar Karakoram
36°19′04″N 75°02′11″E / 36.31778°N 75.03639°E / 36.31778; 75.03639 (64. Momhil Sar (7414 m)) *
Trivor
1964
2 (6)
Pakistan[dp 1]

65
Kabru N
7,412
24,318
720
Kangchenjunga Himalaya
27°38′02″N 88°07′00″E / 27.63389°N 88.11667°E / 27.63389; 88.11667 (65. Kabru N (7412 m))
Kangchenjunga
1994
1 (2)[12]
India • Nepal

66
Skil Brum
7,410
24,311
1,152
Baltoro Karakoram
35°51′03″N 76°25′43″E / 35.85083°N 76.42861°E / 35.85083; 76.42861 (66. Skil Brum (7410 m))
K2
1957
2 (1)
Pakistan[dp 1]

67
Haramosh Peak
7,409
24,308
2,277
Rakaposhi-Haramosh Karakoram
35°50′24″N 74°53′51″E / 35.84000°N 74.89750°E / 35.84000; 74.89750 (67. Haramosh Peak (7409 m))
Malubiting
1958
4 (3)
Pakistan[dp 1]

68
Istor-o-Nal
7,403
24,288
1,043
Hindu Kush
36°22′32″N 71°53′54″E / 36.37556°N 71.89833°E / 36.37556; 71.89833 (68. Istor-o-Nal (7403 m))
Noshaq
1969
4 (5)
Pakistan

69
Ghent Kangri
7,401
24,281
1,493
Saltoro Karakoram
35°31′04″N 76°48′02″E / 35.51778°N 76.80056°E / 35.51778; 76.80056 (69. Ghent Kangri (7401 m))
Saltoro Kangri
1961
4 (0)
India • Pakistan[dp 1][dp 3]

70
Ultar
7,388
24,239
688
Batura Karakoram
36°23′27″N 74°43′00″E / 36.39083°N 74.71667°E / 36.39083; 74.71667 (70. Ultar (7388 m))
Shispare
1996
2 (5)
Pakistan[dp 1]

71
Rimo I
7,385
24,229
1,428
Rimo Karakoram
35°21′18″N 77°22′08″E / 35.35500°N 77.36889°E / 35.35500; 77.36889 (71. Rimo I (7385 m))
Teram Kangri I
1988
1 (3)
India[dp 5]

72
Churen Himal
7,385
24,229
650
Dhaulagiri Himalaya
28°44′05″N 83°13′03″E / 28.73472°N 83.21750°E / 28.73472; 83.21750 (72. Churen Himal (7385 m))
Dhaulagiri IV
1970
3 (0)
Nepal

73
Teram Kangri III
7,382
24,219
520
Siachen Karakoram
35°35′59″N 77°02′53″E / 35.59972°N 77.04806°E / 35.59972; 77.04806 (73. Teram Kangri III (7382 m))
Teram Kangri I
1979
1 (0)
India • China[dp 2][dp 3]

74
Sherpi Kangri
7,380
24,213
1,320
Saltoro Karakoram
35°27′58″N 76°46′53″E / 35.46611°N 76.78139°E / 35.46611; 76.78139 (74. Sherpi Kangri (7380 m)) *
Ghent Kangri
1976
1 (1)
India • Pakistan[dp 1][dp 3]

75
Labuche Kang
7,367
24,170
1,957
Labuche Himalaya
28°18′15″N 86°21′03″E / 28.30417°N 86.35083°E / 28.30417; 86.35083 (75. Labuche Kang (7367 m))
Cho Oyu
1987
1 (0)
China

76
Kirat Chuli
7,362
24,153
1,168
Kangchenjunga Himalaya
27°47′16″N 88°11′43″E / 27.78778°N 88.19528°E / 27.78778; 88.19528 (76. Kirat Chuli (7362 m))
Kangchenjunga
1939
1 (6)
India • Nepal

116
Abi Gamin
7,355
24,131
217
Garhwal Himalaya
30°55′57″N 79°36′09″E / 30.93250°N 79.60250°E / 30.93250; 79.60250 (Abi Gamin (7355 m))
Kamet
1950
17 (2)
India • China

117
Gimmigela / The Twins
7,350
24,114
432
Kangchenjunga Himalaya
27°44′27″N 88°09′31″E / 27.74083°N 88.15861°E / 27.74083; 88.15861 (Gimmigela / The Twins (7350 m))
Kangchenjunga
1994
3 (1)
India • Nepal

117
Nangpai Gosum
7,350
24,114
427
Mahalangur Himalaya
28°04′24″N 86°36′51″E / 28.07333°N 86.61417°E / 28.07333; 86.61417 (Nangpai Gosum (7350 m))
Cho Oyu
1996
3 (1)
Nepal • China

77
Saraghrar
7,349
24,111
1,979
Hindu Kush
36°32′51″N 72°06′54″E / 36.54750°N 72.11500°E / 36.54750; 72.11500 (77. Saraghrar (7349 m))
Noshaq
1959
2 (3)
Pakistan

78
Jomolhari / Chomo Lhari
7,326
24,035
2,065
Jomolhari Himalaya
27°49′36″N 89°16′04″E / 27.82667°N 89.26778°E / 27.82667; 89.26778 (78. Jomolhari (7326 m)) *
Gangkhar Puensum
1937
4 (0)
Bhutan • China

79
Chamlang
7,321
24,019
1,241
Mahalangur Himalaya
27°46′30″N 86°58′47″E / 27.77500°N 86.97972°E / 27.77500; 86.97972 (79. Chamlang (7321 m))
Lhotse
1961
7 (1)
Nepal

80
Chongtar
7,315
23,999
1,295
Baltoro Karakoram
35°54′55″N 76°25′45″E / 35.91528°N 76.42917°E / 35.91528; 76.42917 (80. Chongtar (7315 m))
Skil Brum
1994
1 (1)
China[dp 2]

81
Baltoro Kangri
7,312
23,990
1,200
Masherbrum Karakoram
35°38′21″N 76°40′24″E / 35.63917°N 76.67333°E / 35.63917; 76.67333 (81. Baltoro Kangri (7312 m))
Chogolisa
1976
1 (0)
Pakistan[dp 1]

82
Siguang Ri
7,309
23,980
669
Mahalangur Himalaya
28°08′50″N 86°41′06″E / 28.14722°N 86.68500°E / 28.14722; 86.68500 (82. Siguang Ri (7309 m))
Cho Oyu
1989
2 (1)
China

83
The Crown / Huang Guan
7,295
23,934
1,919
Yengisogat Karakoram
36°06′24″N 76°12′21″E / 36.10667°N 76.20583°E / 36.10667; 76.20583 (83. The Crown / Huang Guan (7295 m))
Skil Brum (K2)
1993
1 (3)
China[dp 2]

84
Gyala Peri
7,294
23,930
2,942
Assam Himalaya
29°48′52″N 94°58′07″E / 29.81444°N 94.96861°E / 29.81444; 94.96861 (84. Gyala Peri (7294 m))
Mount Everest
1986
1 (0)
China

85
Porong Ri
7,292
23,924
512
Langtang Himalaya
28°23′22″N 85°43′12″E / 28.38944°N 85.72000°E / 28.38944; 85.72000 (85. Porong Ri (7292 m))
Shisha Pangma
1982
5 (0)
China

86
Baintha Brakk / The Ogre
7,285
23,901
1,891
Panmah Karakoram
35°56′51″N 75°45′12″E / 35.94750°N 75.75333°E / 35.94750; 75.75333 (86. Baintha Brakk / The Ogre (7285 m)) *
Kanjut Sar
1977
3 (13)
Pakistan[dp 1]

87
Yutmaru Sar
7,283
23,894
680
Hispar Karakoram
36°13′35″N 75°22′02″E / 36.22639°N 75.36722°E / 36.22639; 75.36722 (87. Yutmaru Sar (7283 m))
Yukshin Gardan Sar
1980
1 (1)
Pakistan[dp 1]

88
Baltistan Peak / K6
7,282
23,891
1,962
Masherbrum Karakoram
35°25′06″N 76°33′06″E / 35.41833°N 76.55167°E / 35.41833; 76.55167 (88. Baltistan Peak / K6 (7282 m))
Chogolisa
1970
1 (3)
Pakistan[dp 1]

89
Kangpenqing /
Gang Benchhen
7,281
23,888
1,345
Baiku Himalaya
28°33′03″N 85°32′44″E / 28.55083°N 85.54556°E / 28.55083; 85.54556 (89. Kangpenqing / Gang Benchhen (7281 m))
Shisha Pangma
1982
1 (1)
China

90
Muztagh Tower
7,276
23,871
1,710
Baltoro Karakoram
35°49′40″N 76°21′40″E / 35.82778°N 76.36111°E / 35.82778; 76.36111 (90. Muztagh Tower (7276 m))
Skil Brum
1956
4 (2)
Pakistan[dp 1] • China[dp 2]

91
Mana Peak
7,272
23,858
732
Garhwal Himalaya
30°52′50″N 79°36′55″E / 30.88056°N 79.61528°E / 30.88056; 79.61528 (91. Mana Peak (7272 m))
Kamet
1937
7 (3)
India

118
Dhaulagiri VI
7,268
23,845
488
Dhaulagiri Himalaya
28°42′31″N 83°16′27″E / 28.70861°N 83.27417°E / 28.70861; 83.27417 (Dhaulagiri VI (7268 m))
Dhaulagiri IV
1970
5 (0)
Nepal

92
Diran
7,266
23,839
1,329
Rakaposhi-Haramosh Karakoram
36°07′13″N 74°39′42″E / 36.12028°N 74.66167°E / 36.12028; 74.66167 (92. Diran (7266 m))
Malubiting
1968
12 (8)
Pakistan[dp 1]

93
Labuche Kang III / East[13]
7,250
23,786
570
Labuche Himalaya
28°18′05″N 86°23′02″E / 28.30139°N 86.38389°E / 28.30139; 86.38389 (93. Labuche Kang III / East (7250 m))
Labuche Kang
unclimbed
0 (0)
China

94
Putha Hiunchuli
7,246
23,773
1,151
Dhaulagiri Himalaya
28°44′52″N 83°08′46″E / 28.74778°N 83.14611°E / 28.74778; 83.14611 (94. Putha Hiunchuli (7246 m))
Churen Himal
1954
11 (5)
Nepal

95
Apsarasas Kangri
7,245
23,770
607
Siachen Karakoram
35°32′19″N 77°08′55″E / 35.53861°N 77.14861°E / 35.53861; 77.14861 (95. Apsarasas Kangri (7245 m))
Teram Kangri I
1976
2 (0)
India • China[dp 2][dp 3]

96
Mukut Parbat
7,242
23,760
683
Garhwal Himalaya
30°56′57″N 79°34′12″E / 30.94917°N 79.57000°E / 30.94917; 79.57000 (96. Mukut Parbat (7242 m))
Kamet
1951
2 (1)
India • China

97
Rimo III
7,233
23,730
613
Rimo Karakoram
35°22′31″N 77°21′42″E / 35.37528°N 77.36167°E / 35.37528; 77.36167 (97. Rimo III (7233 m))
Rimo I
1985
1 (0)
India[dp 5]

98
Langtang Lirung
7,227
23,711
1,534
Langtang Himalaya
28°15′22″N 85°31′01″E / 28.25611°N 85.51694°E / 28.25611; 85.51694 (98. Langtang Lirung (7227 m))
Shisha Pangma
1978
14 (13)
Nepal

99
Karjiang
7,221
23,691
895
Kula Kangri Himalaya
28°15′27″N 90°38′49″E / 28.25750°N 90.64694°E / 28.25750; 90.64694 (99. Karjiang (7221 m))
Kula Kangri
unclimbed
0 (2)
China

100
Annapurna Dakshin
7,219
23,684
769
Annapurna Himalaya
28°31′06″N 83°48′22″E / 28.51833°N 83.80611°E / 28.51833; 83.80611 (100. Annapurna Dakshin (7219 m))
Annapurna
1964
10 (16)
Nepal

101
Khartaphu
7,213
23,665
712
Mahalangur Himalaya
28°03′49″N 86°58′39″E / 28.06361°N 86.97750°E / 28.06361; 86.97750 (101. Khartaphu (7213 m))
Mount Everest
1935
1 (0)
China

102
Tongshanjiabu[14]
7,207
23,645
1,757
Lunana Himalaya
28°11′12″N 89°57′27″E / 28.18667°N 89.95750°E / 28.18667; 89.95750 (102. Tongshanjiabu (7207 m))
Gangkar Puensum
unclimbed
0 (0)
Bhutan • China[dp 6]

103
Malangutti Sar
7,207
23,645
507
Hispar Karakoram
36°21′47″N 75°08′57″E / 36.36306°N 75.14917°E / 36.36306; 75.14917 (103. Malangutti Sar (7207 m))
Distaghil Sar
1985
1 (0)
Pakistan[dp 1]

104
Noijin Kangsang /
Norin Kang
7,206
23,642
2,160
Nagarze Himalaya
28°56′48″N 90°10′42″E / 28.94667°N 90.17833°E / 28.94667; 90.17833 (104. Noijin Kangsang / Norin Kang (7206 m))
Gangkar Puensum
1986
4 (1)
China

105
Langtang Ri
7,205
23,638
665
Langtang Himalaya
28°22′53″N 85°41′01″E / 28.38139°N 85.68361°E / 28.38139; 85.68361 (105. Langtang Ri (7205 m))
Shisha Pangma
1981
4 (0)
Nepal • China

106
Kangphu Kang
7,204
23,635
1,244
Lunana Himalaya
28°09′20″N 90°03′48″E / 28.15556°N 90.06333°E / 28.15556; 90.06333 (106. Kangphu Kang (7204 m))
Tongshanjiabu
2002
1 (0)
Bhutan • China[dp 6]

107
Singhi Kangri
7,202
23,629
730
Siachen Karakoram
35°35′59″N 76°59′01″E / 35.59972°N 76.98361°E / 35.59972; 76.98361 (107. Singhi Kangri (7202 m))
Teram Kangri III
1976
2 (0)
India • China[dp 2][dp 3]

108
Lupghar Sar
7,200
23,622
730
Hispar Karakoram
36°21′01″N 75°02′13″E / 36.35028°N 75.03694°E / 36.35028; 75.03694 (108. Lupghar Sar (7200 m)) *
Momhil Sar
1979
1 (0)
Pakistan[dp 1]

text: Data plots[edit]

text: By country[edit]

text: The following graph ranks the countries by number of mountain peaks over 7,200 metres (23,622 ft) above sea level. Note that 38 peaks are on de facto borders and two (Jongsong Peak and Sia Kangri) are on tripoints.

text: Stem and leaf plot[edit]

text: The following is a stem and leaf plot of the above data. The two digits to the left of the line are the first two digits of the mountain's height (metres), and each digit to the right of the line represents the third digit of the mountain's height. Each number on the right is linked to the corresponding mountain's article. For example, the height of one of the mountains (namely Mount Everest) is 8848 meters. Also, it is apparent that there are five mountains above 8,200 metres.

text:
88 | 4
87 |
86 | 1
85 | 8 1
84 | 8
83 |
82 |
81 | 8 6 6 2
80 | 9 8 5 3 2
79 | 5 4 3 3
78 | 9 8 7 6 2 2 1 0
77 | 9 9 8 8 5 5 4 1 0 0
76 | 9 7 6 6 4 1 1
75 | 7 7 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 1 1
74 | 9 9 9 9 7 6 6 6 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
73 | 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 5 5 5 4 2 1 1 1 0
72 | 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
1. The summit of Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth

2. K2, the highest summit of the Karakoram

3. Kangchenjunga, the second-highest mountain of the Himalaya

4. Lhotse, the third-highest mountain of the Himalaya

5. Makalu in the Himalaya

6. Cho Oyu in the Himalaya

7. Dhaulagiri in the Himalaya

8. Manaslu in the Himalaya

9. Nanga Parbat in the Himalaya

10. Annapurna I in the Himalaya

11. Gasherbrum I, the second-highest mountain of the Karakoram

12. Broad Peak, the third-highest mountain of the Karakoram

13. Gasherbrum II in the Karakoram

14. Shishapangma in the Himalaya

tag: ul


document_title: Commonwealth Games

question_text: when did the current name of cwg start

question_tokens: when did the current name of cwg start

root

text: Commonwealth Games

text: History of the Games[edit]

text: A sporting competition bringing together the members of the British Empire was first proposed by John Astley Cooper in 1891, when he wrote an article in The Times suggesting a "Pan-Britannic-Pan-Anglican Contest and Festival every four years as a means of increasing goodwill and good understanding of the British Empire". The John Astley Cooper Committees worldwide (e.g. Australia) helped Pierre de Coubertin to get his international Olympic Games off the ground.[3] In 1911, the Festival of the Empire was held at The Crystal Palace in London to celebrate the coronation of George V. As part of the Festival of the Empire, an Inter-Empire Championships was held in which teams from Australasia, Canada, South Africa, and the United Kingdom competed in athletics, boxing, wrestling and swimming events.

tag: p

text: Editions of the Games[edit]

text: During the 20th century[edit]

text: British Empire Games[edit]

text: The 1930 British Empire Games were the first of what later become known as the Commonwealth Games, and were held in Hamilton, in the province of Ontario in Canada from August 16–23, 1930. In 1928, Melville Marks Robinson of Canada was asked to organise the first British Empire Games. Eleven countries sent a total of 400 athletes to the Hamilton Games. The opening and closing ceremonies as well as athletics took place at Civic Stadium. The participant nations were Australia, Bermuda, British Guyana, Canada, England, Northern Ireland, Newfoundland, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa and Wales. The Hamilton Games featured six sports: athletics, boxing, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling and ran at a cost of $97,973. Women competed in only the aquatic events.[4] Canadian triple jumper Gordon Smallacombe won the first ever gold medal in the history of the Games.[5]

text: The 1934 British Empire Games were the second of what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, held in London, England. The host city was London, with the main venue at Wembley Park, although the track cycling events were in Manchester. The 1934 Games had originally been awarded to Johannesburg, but were given to London instead because of the potential for prejudiced treatment of black and Asian athletes in South Africa. Seventeen national teams took part, including the Irish Free State (the only Games in which they did take part) [6] and new participants Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Southern Rhodesia and Trinidad and Tobago.

text: The 1938 British Empire Games was the third British Empire Games, which were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. They were timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia). Held in the southern hemisphere for the first time, the III Games opening ceremony took place at the famed Sydney Cricket Ground in front of 40,000 spectators. Fifteen nations participated down under at the Sydney Games involving a total of 464 athletes and 43 officials. Fiji and Ceylon made their debuts. Seven sports were featured in the Sydney Games – athletics, boxing, cycling, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling.[7]

text: The 1950 British Empire Games was the fourth edition and was held in Auckland, New Zealand after a 12-year gap from the 3rd edition of the games. The fourth games were originally awarded to Montreal, Canada and were to be held in 1942 but were cancelled due to World War II. The opening ceremony at Eden Park was attended by 40,000 spectators, whilst nearly 250,000 people attended the Auckland Games. Twelve countries sent a total of 590 athletes to Auckland. Malaya and Nigeria made their first appearances.[8]

text: British Empire and Commonwealth Games[edit]

text: The 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games which were fifth edition, were held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. These were the first games since the name change from British Empire Games took effect in 1952. The 5th edition of the Games placed Vancouver on a world stage and featured memorable sporting moments as well as outstanding entertainment, technical innovation and cultural events. The ‘Miracle Mile’, as it became known, saw both the gold medallist, Roger Bannister of England and silver medallist John Landy of Australia, run sub-four minute races in an event that was televised live across the world for the first time.[9] Northern Rhodesia and Pakistan made their debuts and both performed well, winning eight and six medals respectively.

text: The 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Cardiff, Wales. The sixth edition of the games marked the largest sporting event ever held in Wales and it was the smallest country ever to host a British Empire and Commonwealth Games. Cardiff had to wait 12 years longer than originally scheduled to become host of the Games, as the 1946 event was cancelled because of World War II. The Cardiff Games introduced the Queen's Baton Relay, which has been conducted as a prelude to every British Empire and Commonwealth Games ever since. Thirty-five nations sent a total of 1,122 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals, including for the first time, Singapore, Ghana, Kenya and the Isle of Man.[10]

text: The 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Thirty-five countries sent a total of 863 athletes and 178 officials to Perth. Jersey was amongst the medal winners for the first time, whilst British Honduras, Dominica, Papua and New Guinea and St Lucia all made their inaugural Games appearances. Aden also competed by special invitation. Sarawak, North Borneo and Malaya competed for the last time before taking part in 1966 under the Malaysian flag.[11] In addition, Rhodesia and Nyasaland competed in the Games as an entity for the first and only time.

text: The 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Kingston, Jamaica. This was the first time that the Games had been held outside the so-called White Dominions. Thirty-four nations (including South Arabia) competed in the Kingston Games sending a total of 1,316 athletes and officials.[12]

text: British Commonwealth Games[edit]

text: The 1970 British Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland. This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted, the first time metric units rather than imperial units were used in events, the first time the games were held in Scotland and also the first time that HM Queen Elizabeth II attended in her capacity as Head of the Commonwealth.[13]

text: The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch, New Zealand. The Games were officially named "the friendly games". Following the massacre of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics, the tenth games at Christchurch was the first multi-sport event to place the safety of participants and spectators as its uppermost requirement. Security guards surrounded the athlete’s village and there was an exceptionally high-profile police presence. Only 22 countries succeeded in winning medals from the total haul of 374 medals on offer, but first time winners included Western Samoa, Lesotho and Swaziland.[14]

text: Commonwealth Games[edit]

text: The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. These games was the first to bear the current day name of the Commonwealth Games and also marked a new high as almost 1,500 athletes from 46 countries took part. They were boycotted by Nigeria, in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, as well as by Uganda, in protest of alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi Amin.[15][16]

text: The 1982 Commonwealth Games were held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Forty-six nations participated in the Brisbane Games with a new record total of 1,583 athletes and 571 officials. As hosts, Australia headed the medal table leading the way ahead of England, Canada, Scotland and New Zealand respectively.[17] Zimbabwe made its first appearance at the Games, having earlier competed as Southern Rhodesia and as part of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

text: The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland and were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh. Participation at the 1986 Games was affected by a boycott by 32 African, Asian and Caribbean nations in protest of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's refusal to condemn sporting contacts of Apartheid era South Africa in 1985, but the Games rebounded and continued to grow thereafter. Twenty-six nations did attend the second Edinburgh Games and sent a total of 1,662 athletes and 461 officials.[18]

text: The 1990 Commonwealth Games were held in Auckland, New Zealand. It was the fourteenth Commonwealth Games, the third to be hosted by New Zealand and Auckland’s second. A new record of 55 nations participated in the second Auckland Games sending 2,826 athletes and officials.[19] Pakistan returned to the Commonwealth in 1989 after withdrawing in 1972, and competed in the 1990 Games after an absence of twenty years.[20]

text: The 1994 Commonwealth Games were held in Victoria, in the province of British Columbia in Canada for the fourth time. The games marked South Africa's return to the Commonwealth Games following the apartheid era, and over 30 years since the country last competed in the Games in 1958. Namibia made its Games debut. It was also Hong Kong's last appearance at the games before the transfer of sovereignty from Britain to China. Sixty-three nations sent 2,557 athletes and 914 officials.[21]

text: The 1998 Commonwealth Games were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. For the first time in its 68-year history, the Commonwealth Games were held in Asia. The sixteenth games were also the first Games to feature team sports - an overwhelming success that added large numbers to both participant and TV audience numbers. A new record of 70 countries sent a total of 5,065 athletes and officials to the Kuala Lumpur Games. The top five countries in the medal standing were Australia, England, Canada, Malaysia and South Africa. Nauru also achieved an impressive haul of three gold medals. Cameroon, Mozambique and Kiribati debuted.[22]

text: During the 21st century[edit]

text: The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England. The 2002 Games were to be hosted in England to coincide with the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, head of the Commonwealth. In terms of sports and events, the 2002 Games were until the 2010 edition the largest Commonwealth Games in history featuring 281 events across 17 sports. The final medal tally was led by Australia, followed by host England and Canada. The 2002 Commonwealth Games set a new benchmark for hosting the Commonwealth Games and for cities wishing to bid for them with a heavy emphasis on legacy.[23]

text: The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Australia. The only difference between the 2006 games and the 2002 games was the absence of Zimbabwe, which withdrew from the Commonwealth of Nations. For the first time in the history of the Games the Queen's Baton visited every single Commonwealth nation and territory taking part in the Games, a journey of 180,000 km (112,500 miles). Over 4000 athletes took part in the sporting competitions. The final medal tally was led by the host Australia, followed by England and Canada.[24]

text: The 2010 Commonwealth Games were held in Delhi, India. The Games cost $11 billion and are the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events. The final medal tally was led by Australia. The host nation India achieved its best performance ever in any sporting event, finishing second overall.[25] Rwanda made its Games debut.[26]

text: The 2014 Commonwealth Games were held in Glasgow, Scotland. It was the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in 18 different sports, outranking the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, capital city of Scotland. Usain Bolt competed in the 4×100 metres relay of the 2014 Commonwealth Games and set a Commonwealth Games record with his teammates.[27] The Games received acclaim for their organisation, attendance, and the public enthusiasm of the people of Scotland, with Commonwealth Games Federation chief executive Mike Hooper hailing them as "the standout games in the history of the movement".[28]

text: The 2018 Commonwealth Games will be held in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia and the host nation will be going to host the games for the fifth time. There will be an equal number of events for men and women. This marks the first time in history that a major multi-sport event will have equality in terms of events.[29][30]

text: The three nations to have hosted the Commonwealth Games the most times are Australia (5), Canada (4) and New Zealand (3). Furthermore, six editions have taken place in the countries within the United Kingdom (Scotland (3), England (2) and Wales (1)), twice in Asia (Malaysia (1) and India (1)) and once in the Caribbean (Jamaica (1)).[1]

text: Paraplegic Games[edit]

text: The Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were an international, multi-sport event involving athletes with a disability from the Commonwealth countries. The event was sometimes referred to as the Paraplegic Empire Games and British Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Athletes were generally those with spinal injuries or polio. The event was first held in 1962 and disestablished in 1974.[31] The Games were held in the country hosting the Commonwealth Games for able-bodied athletes. The countries that had hosted the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were Australia, Jamaica, Scotland and New Zealand in 1962, 1966, 1970 and 1974 respectively. Six countries — Australia, England, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales — had been represented at all Commonwealth Paraplegic Games. Australia and England had been the top-ranking nation two times each: 1962, 1974 and 1966, 1970 respectively.

text: Inclusion of Para-sports[edit]

text: Athletes with a disability were then first included in exhibition events at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia,[32] and, at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England, they were included as full members of their national teams, making them the first fully inclusive international multi-sport games. This meant that results were included in the medal count.[33]

text: During the 2007 General Assembly of the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) at Colombo, Sri Lanka, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and CGF signed a co-operative agreement to ensure a formal institutional relationship between the two bodies and secure the future participation of elite athletes with a disability (EAD) in future Commonwealth Games.

text: IPC President Philip Craven said during the General Assembly:

text:
“We look forward to working with CGF to develop the possibilities of athletes with a disability at the Commonwealth Games and within the Commonwealth. This partnership will help to galvanize Paralympic sports development in Commonwealth countries/territories and seek to create and promote greater opportunities in sport for athletes with a disability.”

— IPC President Sir Philip Craven

tag: div

text: The co-operation agreement outlined the strong partnership between the IPC and the CGF. It recognized the IPC as the organization for overseeing the co-ordination and delivery of the Commonwealth Games EAD sports programme and committed both organizations to work together in supporting the growth of the Paralympic and Commonwealth Games Movements.[34]

text: Winter Games[edit]

text: The Commonwealth Winter Games was a multi-sport event comprising winter sports, last held in 1966. Three editions of the Games have been staged. The Winter Games were designed as a counterbalance to the Commonwealth Games, which focuses on summer sports, to accompany the Winter Olympics and Summer Olympic Games. The winter Games were founded by T.D. Richardson.[35] The 1958 Commonwealth Winter Games were held in St. Moritz, Switzerland and was the inaugural games for the winter edition.[36][37] The 1962 Games were also held in St. Moritz, complementing the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, Australia, and the 1966 event was held in St. Moritz as well, following which the idea was discontinued.[38][39]

text: Youth Games[edit]

text: The Commonwealth Youth Games is an international multi-sport event organized by the Commonwealth Games Federation. The games are held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The Commonwealth Games Federation discussed the idea of a Millennium Commonwealth Youth Games in 1997. In 1998 the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in the calendar year 1986 or later. The first version was held in Edinburgh, Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.[40]

text: Commonwealth Games Federation[edit]

text: The Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) is the international organisation responsible for the direction and control of the Commonwealth Games and Commonwealth Youth Games, and is the foremost authority in matters relating to the games. The headquarters of CGF are located in London, England, United Kingdom.[41][42]

text: The Commonwealth Games Movement is made of three major elements:

text:
International Federations (IFs) are the governing bodies that supervise a sport at an international level. For example, the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) is the international governing body for basketball.[43]
Commonwealth Games Associations (CGAs) represent and regulate the Commonwealth Games Movement within each country. For example, the Commonwealth Games England (CGE) is the CGA of England. There are currently 70 CGAs recognised by the CGF.[44]
Organising Committees for the Commonwealth Games (OCCWGs) are temporary committees responsible for the organisation of each Commonwealth Games. OCCWGs are dissolved after each Games once the final report is delivered to the CGF.

text: English is the official language of the Commonwealth. The other language used at each Commonwealth Games is the language of the host country (or languages, if a country has more than one official language apart from English). Every proclamation (such as the announcement of each country during the parade of nations in the opening ceremony) is spoken in these two (or more) languages, or the main depending on whether the host country is an English speaking country.

text: Queen's baton relay[edit]

text: The Queen's Baton Relay, is a relay around the world held prior to the beginning of the Commonwealth Games. The Baton carries a message from the Head of the Commonwealth, currently Queen Elizabeth II. The Relay traditionally begins at Buckingham Palace in London as a part of the city's Commonwealth Day festivities. The Queen entrusts the baton to the first relay runner. At the Opening Ceremony of the Games, the final relay runner hands the baton back to the Queen or her representative, who reads the message aloud to officially open the Games.The Queen's Baton Relay is similar to the Olympic Torch Relay.[45]

text: The Relay was introduced at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, Wales. Up until, and including, the 1994 Games, the Relay only went through England and the host nation. The Relay for the 1998 Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was the first to travel to other nations of the Commonwealth. The Gold Coast 2018 Queen’s Baton Relay is set to be the longest in Commonwealth Games history. Covering 230,000 km over 388 days, the Baton will make its way through the six Commonwealth regions of Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania. For the first time, the Queen's baton was presented at the Commonwealth Youth Games during its sixth edition in 2017 which were held in Nassau, Bahamas.[46]

text: Ceremonies[edit]

text: Opening[edit]

text: Various elements frame the opening ceremony of the Commonwealth Games. This ceremony takes place before the events have occurred. The ceremony typically starts with the hoisting of the host country's flag and a performance of its national anthem. The flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation, flag of the last hosting nation and the next hosting nation are also hosted during the opening ceremony. The host nation then presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance and theatre representative of its culture. The artistic presentations have grown in scale and complexity as successive hosts attempt to provide a ceremony that outlasts its predecessor's in terms of memorability. The opening ceremony of the Delhi Games reportedly cost $70 million, with much of the cost incurred in the artistic segment.[47]

text: After the artistic portion of the ceremony, the athletes parade into the stadium grouped by nation. The last hosting nation is traditionally the first nation to enter. Nations then enter the stadium alphabetical or continental wise with the host country's athletes being the last to enter. Speeches are given, formally opening the Games. Finally, the Queen's Baton is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches the final baton carrier, often a successful Commonwealth athlete from the host nation, who hands it over to the Head of the Commonwealth.

text: Closing[edit]

text: The closing ceremony of the Commonwealth Games takes place after all sporting events have concluded. Flag-bearers from each participating country enter the stadium, followed by the athletes who enter together, without any national distinction. The president of the organizing committee and the CGF president make their closing speeches and the Games are officially closed. The CGF president also speaks about the conduct of the games. The mayor of the city that organized the Games transfers the CGF flag to the president of the CGF, who then passes it on to the mayor of the city hosting the next Commonwealth Games. The next host nation then also briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theater representative of its culture. Many great artists and singers had performed at the ceremonies of the Commonwealth Games.

text: At the Closing Ceremony of every Commonwealth Games the CGF President makes an award and presents a trophy to one athlete who has competed with particular distinction and honour both in terms of athletic performance and overall contribution to his or her team. Athletes are nominated by their Commonwealth Games Association at the end of the final day of competition and the winner is selected by a panel comprising the CGF President and representatives from each of the six Commonwealth Regions. The ‘David Dixon Award’ as it is called was introduced in Manchester 2002, after the late David Dixon, former Honorary Secretary of the CGF, in honour of his monumental contribution to Commonwealth sport for many years.[48]

text: Medal presentation[edit]

text: A medal ceremony is held after each event is concluded. The winner, second and third-place competitors or teams stand on top of a three-tiered rostrum to be awarded their respective medals. After the medals are given out by a CGF member, the national flags of the three medallists are raised while the national anthem of the gold medallist's country plays. Volunteering citizens of the host country also act as hosts during the medal ceremonies, as they aid the officials who present the medals and act as flag-bearers.

text: List of Commonwealth Games[edit]

text:
Edition
Year
Host
Opened by
Start Date
End Date
Sports
Events
Nations
Competitors
Top Nation

Inter-Empire Championships

-
1911
 London, England
George V
12 May
1 June
4
9
4
Unknown
 Canada

British Empire Games

I
1930
 Hamilton, Canada
Lord Willingdon
16 August
23 August
6
59
11
400
 England

II
1934
 London, England

4 August
11 August
6
68
16
500
 England

III
1938
 Sydney, Australia

5 February
12 February
7
71
15
464
 Australia

IV
1950
 Auckland, New Zealand
Bernard Freyberg
4 February
11 February
9
88
12
590
 Australia

British Empire and Commonwealth Games

V
1954
 Vancouver, Canada
Harold Alexander
30 July
7 August
9
91
24
662
 England

VI
1958
 Cardiff, Wales

18 July
26 July
9
94
36
1122
 England

VII
1962
 Perth, Australia

22 November
1 December
9
104
35
863
 Australia

VIII
1966
 Kingston, Jamaica

4 August
13 August
9
110
34
1050
 England

British Commonwealth Games

IX
1970
 Edinburgh, Scotland
Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
16 July
25 July
9
121
42
1383
 Australia

X
1974
 Christchurch, New Zealand
Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
24 January
2 February
9
121
38
1276
 Australia

Commonwealth Games

XI
1978
 Edmonton, Canada
Elizabeth II
3 August
12 August
10
128
46
1474
 Canada

XII
1982
 Brisbane, Australia
Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
30 September
9 October
10
142
46
1583
 Australia

XIII
1986
 Edinburgh, Scotland
Elizabeth II
24 July
2 August
10
163
26
1662
 England

XIV
1990
 Auckland, New Zealand
Prince Edward
24 January
3 February
10
204
55
2073
 Australia

XV
1994
 Victoria, Canada
Elizabeth II
18 August
28 August
10
217
63
2557
 Australia

XVI
1998
 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Mahathir Mohamad
11 September
21 September
15
213
70
3633
 Australia

XVII
2002
 Manchester, England
Elizabeth II
25 July
4 August
17
281
72
3679
 Australia

XVIII
2006
 Melbourne, Australia
Elizabeth II
15 March
26 March
16
245
71
4049
 Australia

XIX
2010
 Delhi, India
Pratibha Patil
3 October
14 October
17
272
71
6081
 Australia

XX
2014
 Glasgow, Scotland
Elizabeth II
23 July
3 August
17
261
71
4947
 England

XXI
2018
 Gold Coast, Australia
TBA
4 April
15 April
18
275
70

XXII
2022
TBA

tag: table

text: Note: The 1911 Inter-Empire Championships held in London is seen as a precursor to the modern Commonwealth Games, but is not normally considered an official edition of the Games themselves.[49]

text: All-time medal table[edit]

text:
Rank
Nation
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 Australia (AUS)
20
852
716
650
2218

2
 England (ENG)
20
669
670
669
2008

3
 Canada (CAN)
20
469
476
528
1473

4
 India (IND)
16
155
155
128
438

5
 New Zealand (NZL)
20
144
203
262
609

6
 South Africa (RSA)
12
117
112
123
352

7
 Scotland (SCO)
20
110
119
178
407

8
 Kenya (KEN)
15
81
68
71
220

9
 Nigeria (NGR)
13
61
66
85
212

10
 Wales (WAL)
20
57
86
127
270

11
 Malaysia (MAS)
11
52
60
69
181

12
 Jamaica (JAM)
16
52
38
44
134

13
 Singapore (SIN)
15
31
25
30
86

14
 Northern Ireland (NIR)
19
29
33
51
113

15
 Pakistan (PAK)
12
24
24
21
69

16
 Ghana (GHA) /  Gold Coast
15
15
18
24
57

17
 Cyprus (CYP)
9
15
12
12
39

18
 Uganda (UGA)
14
13
15
21
49

19
 Cameroon (CMR)
5
10
10
14
34

20
 Nauru (NRU)
7
10
10
9
29

21
 Bahamas (BAH)
14
9
12
13
34

22
 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)
17
8
20
24
52

23
 Zimbabwe (ZIM)[Note 1]
11
6
11
19
36

24
 Tanzania
11
6
6
9
21

25
 Hong Kong
10
5
2
10
17

26
 Zambia [Note 2]
13
4
12
23
39

27
 Sri Lanka[Note 3]
15
4
7
3
14

28
 Papua New Guinea
13
4
5
2
11

29
 Guyana /  British Guiana
17
3
6
6
15

30
 Samoa
11
3
5
11
19

31
 Fiji
15
3
4
8
15

32
 Namibia
6
3
4
11
18

33
 Isle of Man
15
3
2
6
11

34
 Botswana
10
2
4
6
12

35
 Barbados
15
2
3
7
12

36
 Malaya
3
2
3
2
7

37
 Bangladesh
8
2
2
2
6

 Mozambique
5
2
2
2
6

39
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
11
2
0
1
3

40
 Mauritius
14
1
5
6
12

41
 Guernsey
12
1
3
2
6

42
 Bermuda
17
1
2
2
5

43
 Grenada
9
1
1
1
3

 Lesotho
10
1
1
1
3

45
 Jersey
15
1
0
3
4

46
 Cayman Islands
10
1
0
1
2

47
 Kiribati
5
1
0
0
1

48
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
8
1
0
0
1

49
 Seychelles
7
0
3
3
6

50
 Malta
12
0
1
3
4

 Swaziland
12
0
1
3
4

52
 Malawi
12
0
0
3
3

 Saint Lucia
10
0
0
3
3

 Tonga
9
0
0
3
3

55
 Gambia
10
0
0
1
1

 Norfolk Island
8
0
0
1
1

text:
Jump up ^ Totals for Zimbabwe include all medals won as Southern Rhodesia and Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Jump up ^ Totals for Zambia include all medals won as Northern Rhodesia
Jump up ^ Totals for Sri Lanka include all medals won as British Ceylon, and Dominion of Ceylon

tag: ol

text: List of Commonwealth sports[edit]

text: There are a total of 22 sports (with three multi-disciplinary sports) and a further seven para-sports which are approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation. Core sports must be included on each programme. A number of optional sports may be picked by the host nation, which may include some team sports such as basketball.

text:
Sport
Type
Years

Archery
Optional
1982, 2010

Athletics
Core
1911–present

Badminton
Core
1966–present

Basketball
Optional
2006, 2018

Boxing
Core
1911–present

Canoeing
Optional
Never[50]

Cycling
Optional
1934–present

Diving
Optional
1930–present

Field hockey
Core
1998–present

Gymnastics (Artistic)
Optional
1978, 1990–present

Gymnastics (Rhythmic)
Optional
1978, 1990–present

Judo
Optional
1990, 2002, 2014

Lawn bowls
Core
1930–1962, 1970–present

Netball
Core
1998–present

Rowing
Optional
1930, 1938–1962, 1986

Sport
Type
Years

Rugby sevens
Core
1998–present

Sailing
Optional
Never

Shooting
Optional
1966, 1974–present

Softball
Optional
Never

Squash
Core
1998–present

Swimming
Core
1911–present

Synchronized swimming
Optional
1986–2006

Table tennis
Optional
2002–present

Taekwondo
Optional
Never

Tennis
Optional
2010

Ten-Pin Bowling
Optional
1998

Triathlon
Optional
2002, 2006, 2014

Volleyball (beach)
Optional
2018

Weightlifting
Core
1950–present

Wrestling
Optional
1911–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–present

text: Recognised sports are sports which have been approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation but which are deemed to need expansion; host nations may not pick these sports for their programme until the Federation's requirements are fulfilled.[51]

text:
Sport
Type
Years

Billiards
Recognised
Never

Cricket
Recognised
1998

Fencing
Recognised
1950–1970

Association Football
Recognised
Never

Golf
Recognised
Never

Sport
Type
Years

Handball
Recognised
Never

Life saving
Recognised
Never

Rugby league
Recognised
Never

Volleyball (indoor)
Recognised
Never

Water Polo
Recognised
1950

text: Participation[edit]

text: Only six teams have attended every Commonwealth Games: Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales. Australia has been the highest scoring team for twelve games, England for seven and Canada for one.

text:
[show]Table of Team Participation by Commonwealth Games Edition

Team
Edition
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXI

Year
1930
1934
1938
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018

Host Flag

Host City
Hamilton
London
Sydney
Auckland
Vancouver
Madrid
Perth
Kingston
Edinburgh
Christchurch
Edmonton
Brisbane
Edinburgh
Auckland
Victoria
Kuala Lumpur
Manchester
Melbourne
Delhi
Glasgow
Gold Coast

Participation \\ Host nation
Canada
England
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
Wales
Australia
Jamaica
Scotland
New Zealand
Canada
Australia
Scotland
New Zealand
Canada
Malaysia
England
Australia
India
Scotland
Australia

 Aden 1
1962

N/A

 Anguilla 2
1998–

 Antigua and Barbuda
1966–1970, 1978, 1994–

 Australia
1930–

 Bahamas
1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990–

N/A

 Bangladesh
1978, 1990–

 Barbados
1954–1982, 1990–

 Belize 4
1978, 1994–

 Bermuda
1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990–

 Botswana
1974, 1982–

 British Guiana 3
1930–1938, 1954–1962

 British Honduras 4
1962–1966

 British Virgin Islands
1990–

 Brunei Darussalam
1990–

 Cameroon
1998–

 Canada
1930–

 Cayman Islands
1978–

 Ceylon 5
1938–1950, 1958–1970

 Cook Islands
1974–1978, 1986–

 Cyprus
1978–1982, 1990–

 Dominica
1958–1962, 1970, 1994–

 England
1930–

 Falkland Islands
1982–

 Fiji 6
1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014-

 Gambia 7
1970–1982, 1990–2010

 Ghana 8
1958–1982, 1990–

 Gibraltar
1958–

 Gold Coast 8
1954

 Grenada
1970–1982, 1998–

 Guernsey 9
1970–

 Guyana 3
1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990–

 Hong Kong 10
1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994

 India
1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990–

 Ireland11 12
1930

 Irish Free State 11
1934

 Isle of Man
1958–

 Jamaica
1934, 1954–1982, 1990–

 Jersey 9
1958–

 Kenya
1954–1982, 1990–

 Kiribati
1998–

 Lesotho
1974–

 Malawi 13
1970–

 Malaya 14
1950, 1958–1962

 Malaysia
1966–1982, 1990–

 Maldives
1986–2014

 Malta
1958–1962, 1970, 1982–

 Mauritius
1958, 1966–1982, 1990–

 Montserrat
1994–

 Mozambique
1998–

 Namibia
1994–

 Nauru
1990–

 Newfoundland 15
1930–1934

 New Zealand
1930–

 Nigeria
1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002–

 Niue
2002–

 Norfolk Island
1986–

 North Borneo 14
1958–1962

 Northern Ireland 11 16
1934–1938, 1954–

 Northern Rhodesia 18
1954-1958

 Pakistan
1954–1970, 1990–

 Papua New Guinea
1962–1982, 1990–

 Rhodesia and Nyasaland 17
1962

 Rwanda
2010–

 Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla 2
1978

 Saint Helena19
1982, 1998–

 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2
1990–

 Saint Lucia
1962, 1970, 1978, 1994–

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1958, 1966–1978, 1994–

 Samoa 20
1998–

 Sarawak 14
1958–1962

 Scotland
1930–

 Seychelles
1990–

 Sierra Leone
1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990–

 Singapore 14
1958–

 Solomon Islands
1982, 1990–

 South Africa
1930–1958, 1994–

 South Arabia 1
1966

 Southern Rhodesia 18
1934–1958

 Sri Lanka 5
1974–1982, 1990–

 Swaziland
1970–

 Tanganyika 21
1962

 Tanzania
1966–1982, 1990–

 Tonga
1974, 1982, 1990–

 Trinidad and Tobago
1934–1982, 1990–

 Turks and Caicos Islands
1978, 1998–

 Tuvalu
1998–

 Uganda
1954–1974, 1982, 1990–

 Vanuatu
1982–

 Wales
1930–

 Western Samoa 20
1974–1994

 Zambia 13
1970–1982, 1990–

 Zimbabwe 13 22
1982, 1990–2002

Legend

  Participated   Withdrew for political reason   Not eligible to participate   To be determined

text:
Nation
Years participated

 Aden1
1962

 Anguilla2
1998–

 Australasia
1911

 Antigua and Barbuda
1966–1970, 1978, 1994–

 Australia
1930–

 Bahamas
1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990–

 Bangladesh
1978, 1990–

 Barbados
1954–1982, 1990–

 Belize4
1978, 1994–

 Bermuda
1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990–

 Botswana
1974, 1982–

 British Guiana3
1930–1938, 1954–1962

 British Honduras4
1962–1966

 British Virgin Islands
1990–

 Brunei Darussalam
1990–

 Cameroon
1998–

 Canada
1911–

 Cayman Islands
1978–

 Ceylon5
1938–1950, 1958–1970

 Cook Islands
1974–1978, 1986–

 Cyprus
1978–1982, 1990–

 Dominica
1958–1962, 1970, 1994–

 England
1930–

 Falkland Islands
1982–

 Fiji6
1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014–

 Gambia7
1970–1982, 1990–2010

 Ghana8
1958–1982, 1990–

 Gibraltar
1958–

 Gold Coast8
1954

 Grenada
1970–1982, 1998–

 Guernsey9
1970–

 Guyana3
1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990–

 Hong Kong10
1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994

 India
1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990–

 Ireland11 12
1930

 Irish Free State11
1934

 Isle of Man
1958–

 Jamaica
1934, 1954–1982, 1990–

 Jersey9
1958–

 Kenya
1954–1982, 1990–

 Kiribati
1998–

 Lesotho
1974–

 Malawi13
1970–

 Malaya14
1950, 1958–1962

 Malaysia
1966–1982, 1990–

 Maldives15
1986–2014

 Malta
1958–1962, 1970, 1982–

Nation
Years participated

 Mauritius
1958–1982, 1990–

 Montserrat
1994–

 Mozambique
1998–

 Namibia
1994–

 Nauru
1990–

 Newfoundland16
1930–1934

 New Zealand
1930–

 Nigeria
1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002–

 Niue
2002–

 Norfolk Island
1986–

 North Borneo14
1958–1962

 Northern Ireland11 17
1934–1938, 1954–

 Northern Rhodesia19
1954–1958

 Pakistan
1954–1970, 1990–

 Papua New Guinea
1962–1982, 1990–

 Rhodesia and Nyasaland18
1962

 Rwanda
2010–

 Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla2
1978

 Saint Helena20
1982, 1998–

 Saint Kitts and Nevis2
1990–

 Saint Lucia5
1962, 1970, 1978, 1994–

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1958, 1966–1978, 1994–

 Samoa21
1998–

 Sarawak14
1958–1962

 Scotland
1930–

 Seychelles
1990–

 Sierra Leone
1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990–

 Singapore14
1958–

 Solomon Islands
1982, 1990–

 South Africa
1911–1958, 1994–

 South Arabia1
1966

 Southern Rhodesia19
1934–1958

 Sri Lanka
1974–1982, 1990–

 Swaziland
1970–

 Tanganyika22
1962

 Tanzania
1966–1982, 1990–

 Tonga
1974, 1982, 1990–

 Trinidad and Tobago
1934–1982, 1990–

 Turks and Caicos Islands
1978, 1998–

 Tuvalu
2002–

 Uganda
1954–1974, 1982, 1990–

 United Kingdom
1911

 Vanuatu
1982–

 Wales
1930–

 Western Samoa21
1974–1994

 Zambia13
1970–1982, 1990–

 Zimbabwe13 23
1982, 1990–2002

text:
^ Aden later joined South Arabia in 1963 and departed the Commonwealth in 1968.
^ Anguilla was completely separated from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla in 1980 and remaining Saint Kitts and Nevis became independent from the United Kingdom in 1983.
^ British Guiana was renamed Guyana in 1966.
^ British Honduras was renamed Belize in 1973.
^ Ceylon was renamed Sri Lanka in 1972.
^ Fiji was re-suspended from the Commonwealth and Games in 2009.[52] Fiji's suspension from the Commonwealth was lifted in time for the 2014 Games following democratic elections in March, 2014.
^ Gambia withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2013.
^ Gold Coast (British colony) was renamed Ghana in 1957.
^ Including neighbouring Islands.
^ Hong Kong was never a Commonwealth member but was a territory of a Commonwealth country; it ceased to be in the Commonwealth when the territory was handed over to China in 1997.
^ Ireland was represented as a team from the whole of the island in 1930, and from both parts, the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland in 1934. The Irish Free State was renamed Ireland in 1937 (but also known by its name in Irish Éire), did not participate in the 1938 Games, and was formally excluded from the Commonwealth when it declared that it was a Republic on 18 April 1949.
^ Contemporary illustrations show Green Flag used for the Irish team.
^ Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe competed in 1962 as part of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
^ Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore federated as Malaysia in 1963. Singapore left the federation in 1965.
^ Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2016.
^ Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.
^ The Ulster Banner was the flag of the former Government of Northern Ireland only between 1953 and 1972, but the flag has been regarded as flag of Northern Ireland since 1924 among unionists and loyalists.The Ulster Banner is the sporting flag of Northern Ireland in other events as the FIFA World Cup and in the FIVB Volleyball World Championship[disambiguation needed].
^ Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia federated with Nyasaland in 1953 as Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which dissolved at the end of 1963.
^ Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia competed separately in 1954 and 1958 while both were part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
^ Under the name of "Saint Helena" in the Commonwealth Games.[53] Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha were dependencies of Saint Helena, so the territory was officially called "Saint Helena and Dependencies" until 2009. Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha became equal parts of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha in 2009.
^ Western Samoa was renamed Samoa in 1997.
^ Zanzibar and Tanganyika federated to form Tanzania in 1964.
^ Zimbabwe withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2003.

text: Commonwealth nations/dependencies/disputed territories yet to send teams[edit]

text: Very few Commonwealth dependencies and nations have yet to take part:[54]

text:
Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha, former dependencies of Saint Helena and current parts of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, have never formed their own teams independent from the Saint Helena team.
Other states, territories and territorial autonomies with native populations within the Commonwealth that may be eligible include Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (territories of Australia), Nevis (a federal entity of the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis), Rodrigues (outer islands of Mauritius), and Zanzibar (a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania).
Cornwall, represented by the Cornwall Commonwealth Games Association (CCGA), sent a bid for participation in the 2006 Commonwealth Games, however, their application was rejected by the CGF, who stated that the constitutional status of Cornwall was not an issue that should be resolved through this medium. However, in 2010, the CCGA sought to launch a legal challenge to the decision of the CGF, stating that the Cornish bid of 2006 fulfilled the entire criterion of the CGF, and by rejecting the bid, the CGF had violated their own code, failing to follow their own criteria for participation. The Cornwall team will therefore seek competition in the 2014 games.[55]
The British Indian Ocean Territory currently has no permanent population although there is a sizeable population who were born in the BIOT but currently live in Mauritius and the United Kingdom and so would be eligible to compete on birth criteria.
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has made applications to the CGF to send teams.
It is also conceivable that any future members of the Commonwealth such as applicants (for example South Sudan, Sudan and Yemen) may participate in future games. The Colony of Aden and Federation of South Arabia, precursors to modern Yemen, participated before in 1962 and in 1966. Sudan was an Anglo-Egyptian protectorate until independence in 1956.
The Pitcairn Islands' tiny population (currently 50 to 60 people) would appear to prevent this British overseas territory from competing.
Tokelau was expected to take part in the 2010 Games in Delhi but did not do so.
The lack of a permanent population would seem to prevent the British overseas territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and British Antarctic Territory, the New Zealand territory of Ross Dependency and the Australian external territories of Australian Antarctic Territory, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Coral Sea Islands and Heard Island and McDonald Islands from competing.

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Host city contract[edit]

text: The 1934 British Empire Games, originally awarded in 1930 to Johannesburg was moved to London after the (pre-apartheid) South Africa government refused to allow nonwhite participants.[56]

text: Boycotts[edit]

text: Nigeria boycotted the 1978 Commonwealth Games at Edmonton in protest at New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa.

text: During the 1986 Commonwealth Games at Edinburgh, majority of the Commonwealth nations staged a boycott, so that the Games appeared to be a whites-only event. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries—largely African, Asian and Caribbean states—stayed away because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest number of athletes since Auckland 1950.[57] The boycotting nations were Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Belize, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Grenada, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Mauritius, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[58] Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.[59]

text: Cost of the Games[edit]

text: For hosting the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, the initial total budget estimated by the Indian Olympic Association in 2003 was ₹16.2 billion (US$250 million). In 2010, however, the official total budget soon escalated to an estimated ₹115 billion (US$1.8 billion), a figure which excluded non-sports-related infrastructure development.[60] Business Today magazine estimated that the Games cost ₹700 billion (US$11 billion).[61] The 2010 Commonwealth Games are reportedly the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever.[62] Indian Businessman Azim Premji called the 2010 Commonwealth Games a "drain on public funds" and said that hosting the high-expense Games in India is not justified given that the country had more important priorities facing it, such as education, infrastructure and public health.

text: Notable competitors[edit]

text: Lawn bowler Willie Wood from Scotland was the first competitor to have competed in seven Commonwealth Games, from 1974 to 2002, a record equalled in 2014 by Isle of Man cyclist Andrew Roche.[63]

text: Greg Yelavich, a sports shooter from New Zealand, has won 12 medals in seven games from 1986 to 2010.

text: Lawn Bowler Robert Weale has represented Wales in 8 Commonwealth Games, 1986–2014, winning 2 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze. He is also aiming for the selection for 9th Games in 2018.

text: Nauruan weightlifter Marcus Stephen won twelve medals at the Games between 1990 and 2002, of which seven gold, and was elected President of Nauru in 2007. His performance has helped place Nauru (the smallest independent state in the Commonwealth, at 21 km2 and with a population of fewer than 9,400 in 2011) in nineteenth place on the all-time Commonwealth Games medal table.

text: Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer (now retired), has won 10 Commonwealth Games gold medals and 1 silver medal. At the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, he won 4 gold medals. At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, he won 6 gold medals and 1 silver medal.[64]


document_title: List of medical abbreviations: S

question_text: the medical abbreviation that is a lower case s with a line over it stands for

text: List of medical abbreviations: S

text:
hidevteMedical abbreviations
← previous page of list (R)
next page of list (T) →

0–9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

Latin abbreviations
Prescription abbreviations
Acronyms in healthcare
Abbreviations for medical organisations and personnel
Abbreviations for diseases and disorders

text:
Abbreviation

Meaning

s
without (s with a bar over it) (from Latin sine)

S
sacrum

Sx
symptoms surgery (though deemed by some as inappropriate)

S1
first heart sound

S2
second heart sound

S3
third heart sound

S4
fourth heart sound

S&O
salpingo-oophorectomy

SA
sinoatrial node

SAAG
serum–ascites albumin gradient

SAB
staphylococcal bacteremia  spontaneous abortion (that is, miscarriage)

SAD
seasonal affective disorder  subacromial decompression

SAH
subarachnoid hemorrhage

SAM
systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve

SAN
sinoatrial node

SAPS II
simplified acute physiology score

SAPS III
simplified acute physiology score

SAR
seasonal allergic rhinitissub-acute rehabilitation facility

Sarc
sarcoidosis

SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome

SB
small bowel (see small intestine)

SBE
subacute bacterial endocarditis

SBFT
small bowel follow through

SBMA
spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy

SBO
small bowel obstruction

SBP
systolic blood pressure  spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

SBRT
split beam radiation therapy

SC
Spinal Cord or subcutaneous (from Latin subcutis)

SCA
spinocerebellar ataxia

SCAT
sex cord tumor with annular tubes

SCC
squamous cell carcinoma

SCD
sequential compression device  sickle-cell disease  sudden cardiac death

SCI
spinal cord injury

SCID
severe combined immunodeficiency

SCIWORA
spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality

SCLC
small cell lung cancer

scope
microscope or endoscope

SCT
sacrococcygeal tumor

SCZ
schizophrenia

S.D.
subdermal

SD  σ
standard deviation

SDH
subdural hematoma

SDTI
suspected deep tissue injury

SE
standard error  side effect

Sed
sedimentation (rate) (see erythrocyte sedimentation rate)

SEE
syphilis elimination effort

Segs
segmented cells

SEM
standard error of the mean  systolic ejection murmur (see heart murmur)

SERM
selective estrogen receptor modulator

SERT
serotonin transporter

SFA
superficial femoral artery  serum folic acid

SGA
small for gestational age

SG cath
Swan–Ganz catheter (see pulmonary artery catheter)

SG
specific gravity (in urinanalysis)

SGB
stellate ganglion block

SGOT
serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

SGPT
seruĺ8m glutamic pyruvic transaminase

SH  SHx
social ò8 (personal habits, living situation, job)

SHBG
sex hormone-binding globulin

shob
shortness of breath (see dyspnea)

SHPT
secondary hyperparathyroidism

SHx
surgical history

SI
International System of Units  suicidal ideation  seriously ill  sacroiliac (joint)

SIADH
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

SICU
surgical intensive care unit

SIBO
small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

SID
semel in die meaning once daily. Used only in veterinary medicine.

SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome

SIL
squamous intraepithelial lesion

SIMV
synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation

si op. sit
if needed (from Latin si opus sit)

SIRS
systemic inflammatory response syndrome

SIT
stress inoculation training (see posttraumatic stress disorder)

SJS
Stevens–Johnson syndrome

SK
streptokinase

sl
sublingual

SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus

SLEV
St Louis virus

SLL
small lymphocytic lymphoma

SLN
sublingual nitroglycerin

SLNSLNB
sentinel lymph node biopsy

SLP
speech-language pathologist

SLR
straight leg raise (see Lasègue's sign)

SM
multiple sclerosis (from Latin sclerosis multiplex)  submucosal  Skeletal Muscle

SMA
sequential multiple analysis  superior mesenteric artery  spinal muscle atrophy

SMA-6
six-channel serum multiple analysis

SMA-7
serum metabolic assay

SMN
statement of medical necessity

SMS
senior medical student

SMT
spinal manipulative therapy

SMV
superior mesenteric vein

SN
student nurse ;   skilled nursing

SNB
sentinel node biopsy (ductal carcinoma)

SNF
skilled nursing facility

SNP
sodium nitroprusside;  single nucleotide polymorphism

SNRI
serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

SNV
sin nombre virus (the most common type of hantavirus)

SO
salpingo-oophoritis

SOA
swelling of ankles

SOAP
subjective, objective, assessment, plan (how physicians’ notes may be organized)

SOB
shortness of breath (see dyspnea)

SOBOE
shortness of breath on exertion

SOL
space-occupying lesion

Sol
solution

SOOB
send out of bed  sitting out of bed

SOP
sterile ophthalmic preparation

SOS
if needed (from Latin si opus sit)

SP  s/p
status post; condition after"

SPE
streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

Spec
specimen

SPECT
single-photon emission computed tomography

SPEP
serum protein electrophoresis

SPET
single-photon emission tomography

spp.

species, as in bacterial species (e.g. Enterobacteriaceae spp.)

Sp. fl.
spinal fluid (see cerebrospinal fluid)

Sp. gr.
specific gravity

SPS
single point (walking) stick

SQ  sq
subcutaneous

SR
slow release (see also time release technology (medicine))Sinus rhythm

SROM
spontaneous rupture of membranes

SRS
stereotactic radiotherapy  sex reassignment surgery

SRU
shock resuscitation unit

SS
hemoglobin SS (HbSS) (see in sickle-cell disease = SS disease)  subserosal  Sjogren's Syndrome

S/S  S/Sx
signs and symptoms

SSC
secondary sex characteristics

SSE
sterile speculum exam

SSEP
somatosensory evoked potential

SSI
sliding scale insulin

SSKI
potassium iodide solution

SSPE
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

ssRNA
single-stranded RNA

SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

SSSI
skin and skin structure infection (also referred to as acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection - ABSSSI)

SSSS
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

SSS
sick sinus syndrome

ST
sore throat   speech therapy

Staph.
Staphylococcus

STD
sexually transmitted disease

stat
immediately (from Latin statim)

STEC
Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (another name for enterohemorrhagic E. coli)

STEMI
ST elevation myocardial infarction

STH
somatotropic hormone

STI
sexually transmitted infection  soft tissue injury

STN
Subthalamic nucleus  soft tissue neck

STNR
Symmetrical tonic neck reflex

STOP
surgical termination of pregnancy (sometimes suction termination of pregnancy)

Strep.  Strepto.
Streptococcus

STS
serological test for syphilis  soft tissue sarcoma

Subq
subcutaneous

SUI
stress urinary incontinence

Supp
suppository

SUV
standardized uptake value

SV
seminal vesicle  stroke volume

SVC
superior vena cava

SVD
spontaneous vaginal delivery  simple vertex delivery

SVE
sterile vaginal examination

SVG
Saphenous vein graft

SVI
systemic viral infection

SVN
small volume nebulizer

SVR
systemic vascular resistance

SVT
supraventricular tachycardia

SW
Sturge–Weber syndrome

Sx
symptoms

SXA
single-energy X-ray absorptiometer

SXR
skull x-ray

Sz
seizure

text: Lists of medical abbreviations


document_title: Morey's Piers

question_text: how tall is the ferris wheel in wildwood nj

text: Morey's Piers

text: Overview[edit]

text: Surfside Pier[edit]

text: Surfside Pier is located at 26th Street in North Wildwood. It was the first of the three piers, opening in 1969 with a giant fiberglass slide that cost 25 cents to ride. The slide was closed at the end of the 2010 season and refurbished as a waterslide at the pier's water park. Surfside Pier includes the Zoom Phloom, AtmosFEAR, Fly – The Great Nor'easter, and Flitzer.

text: Mariner's Pier (formerly Mariner's Landing)[edit]

text: Mariner's Landing, located at Schellenger Avenue in Wildwood, is like a traditional amusement park, with classics like the Super Scooters, Teacups, Musik Express, Ignis Fatuus, Sea Serpent and the Giant Wheel, a 156-foot (47.5 m) tall Ferris wheel built by Vekoma, which opened in 1985.[1] In the early mornings of the summer, breakfast can be eaten on the wheel.[2][3]In June 2011, 11-year-old Abiah Jones died after falling from the Giant Wheel. Since then, a "no single riders" policy was created for when guests ride the ferris wheel to ensure the safety of the guests.

text: Adventure Pier[edit]

text: Adventure Pier, located at Spencer Avenue, includes Grand Prix Raceway and the famous wooden coaster The Great White, the Skyscraper ride, a The Spring Shot ride, a Screamin' Swing, a Skycoaster, a maze, helicopter tours, and a  boat tag game.

text: Ocean Oasis Water Park + Beach Club[edit]

text: Ocean Oasis Water Park + Beach Club is on the beach behind Surfside Pier. It includes water slides, a lazy river, a hot tub with bar access and a kids area.

text: Raging Waters Water Park[edit]

text: Behind Mariner’s Landing is Raging Waters Water Park. It includes two unique kiddie play areas at Shipwreck Shoals and Camp KidTastrophe along with speed slides, a lazy river, Shotgun Falls and an activity pool full of challenges.

text: History[edit]

text: Surfside Pier[edit]

text: In 1969, Bill and Will Morey Sr. purchased two lots of boardwalk in North Wildwood at 25th and 26th streets. They called it Surfside Pier and opened that summer with a giant fiberglass slide called the Wipe Out. Guests paid 25 cents to slide down the ride in burlap sacks.

text: Mariner's Landing[edit]

text: The Moreys extended their operation in 1976 when they purchased Marine Pier and renamed it Mariner’s Landing. At the time of purchase, the pier was fire-damaged and seven of the existing 12 rides on the pier had to be thrown away. However, the pier kept growing. In 1984, the Moreys purchased the Sea Serpent roller coaster.

text: Raging Waters and Ocean Oasis Waterparks[edit]

text: In 1985, waterslides were installed on Mariner’s Landing and called Raging Waters waterpark. The waterpark opened a day early due to the ocean pollution. The project was masterminded by designer and architect Fred Langford. A second Raging Waters was built on Surfside Pier in 1988. This park was overhauled and relaunched as Ocean Oasis Water Park + Beach Club in 2006 and features a different version of Rocket Raft Run and various new waterslides.

text: Adventure Pier[edit]

text: Fun Pier was purchased and renamed Wild Wheels. The Morey's described it as an "interactive amusement center" with active participation by customers. This pier was later relaunched as Adventure Pier and became home to The Great White, the Skyscraper ride, a The Spring Shot ride, a Screamin' Swing, a Skycoaster, a maze, a boat tag game, batting cages, and the Grand Prix Raceway.

text: The Old Hunt's Pier[edit]

text: Hunt's Pier was also eventually purchased for more rides and attractions. Hunt's Pier went defunct in 1990 and was then used for maintenance, storage, and tram-car parking. The Golden Nugget remained on Hunt's Pier until 2008 when it was purchased by Knoebels' Amusement Resort and restored in their park as the Black Diamond.

text: Incidents[edit]

text: The Great Nor'easter[edit]

text: In August 1995, a 36-year-old employee was picking up trash in a fenced area beneath the ride and was struck in the head by a passenger's foot and killed. Shortly after this accident, Morey's Piers employed a new restricted section which prevents anyone underneath the ride while it is in motion.[4]

text: Sea Serpent[edit]

text: In June 1998, the Sea Serpent roller coaster suffered its first ever accident, injuring 14 of the 23 riders on board, some of whom were stranded upside down. According to Will Morey, chief executive officer of the Morey Organization, the accident was thought to have been due to a wheel coming off a rear axle, causing the coaster train to jerk to a stop midway through the ride, as it was looping backwards.[5]

text: Giant Wheel[edit]

text: On Friday June 3, 2011, 11-year-old Abiah Jones, a student at PleasanTech Academy Charter School in Pleasantville, New Jersey, died after falling between 100 and 150 feet from the Giant Wheel. She fell at about 12:30 p.m. and was pronounced dead at 1:14 p.m. at the Cape Regional Medical Center.[6]

text: Her parents, Twanda and Byron Jones, subsequently filed a lawsuit against the ride's operator.[7]

text: Investigators were unable to determine how the girl, who was riding alone, got out of the gondola. A report by the state Department of Community Affairs found the ride's restraints to be working properly and suggested that to get out of the car, a passenger probably would have had to stand. The report recommended that children be forbidden from riding the Ferris wheel alone.[7]

text: Sea Dragon[edit]

text: On August 20, 2011, five people were injured as a result of the center mast on the Sea Dragon breaking. One person was sent to the hospital with non life-threatening injuries, while four others had minor injuries that were treated at the scene of the accident. The spokeswoman for Morey's Piers and Beachfront Waterparks did not answer questions from the media regarding the incident.[8]

text: For the 2012 season, the Sea Dragon has been replaced with a newer model of the same ride called Riptide.[9]