document_title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

question_text: when was the drinking age 18 in illinois

text: The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. The history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21"). In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

text: As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. A lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

text: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]

text:
State
Pre-Prohibition
(prior to 1919)
Post-Prohibition
(after 1933)
1970s / 26th Amendment
(adopted in 1971)
1980s /
Drinking Age Act of 1984
21st century

Alabama
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21 (none with consent of parent)[6]
21
1975:
Lowered to 19[7]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)

Alaska
?
21[7]
1970:
Lowered to 19[9]
1984:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11]
21

Arizona
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 19[12][13]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Arkansas
Pre 1925:
None[7]
1925:
21[7]
21
21[14]
21[8]
21

California
Pre 1891:
Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[15][16][17]
1891:
18 (statewide)[18]
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)

Colorado
None[11]
1945:
18: for beer
21: for wine and liquor[7]
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1987[8]
21

Connecticut
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[20]
1982:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[21]
21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person’s employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person’s exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[22]

Delaware
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 20[13]
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

District of Columbia
?
18: for beer and wine[11]
21: for liquor[23][24]
18: for beer and wine[13][24]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[25][26]
21

Florida
?
18[7]
1980:
19[27]
1985:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[27]
21[28]

Georgia
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1984:
Raised to 19[14]
1985:
Raised to 20[14]
1986:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Hawaii
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18[13]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Idaho
?
20: for beer[29][30]
21: for wine and liquor[11][31]
1972:
Lowered to 19 (all)[13][32]
1987:
Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][33]
21

Illinois
1872:
Age of majority
(none with written consent of parent)[34]
pre 1961: Age of majority 1961: Raised to 21[35]
1973:
Lowered to 19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[36]
1980:
Raised to 21[37]
21

Indiana
?
Post-1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Iowa
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)
1973:
Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[38]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[14][38]
21

Kansas
?
1949:
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[14]
21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[14]
21: for liquor[14][19]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)

Kentucky
?
1938:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Louisiana
?
As of 1948:
18[13]
18[19]
1987:
Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]
but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.
1995:
De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[39]
1996:
In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[40]
Other exceptions still remain.[41]
21 (Exceptions to state law include:[42]

For an established religious purpose;
When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;
For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;
In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;
The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.)

Maine
?
21[7]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1977:
Raised to 20[8][43]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Maryland
?
21[7]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[44][45]
1982:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[8][46]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)

Massachusetts
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[47][48][49]
Raised to 21 in 1985[8]
21

Michigan
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[50]
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[51][52]
1978:
Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]
First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered
21

Minnesota
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18 (June 1)
1976:
Raised to 19 (Sept 1)[53]
First state to raise age after lowering.
1986:
Raised to 21[54]
21

Mississippi
?
1966:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
(alcohol not legalized until 1966)
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1986[8]
21

Missouri
?
1945:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Montana
?
21[11]
1971:
Lowered to 19[55]
1973:
Lowered to 18[56][57]
1979:
Raised to 19
1987:
Raised to 21[8][58]
21

Nebraska
?
21[59]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 19[59]
1980:
Raised to 20[14]
1985:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Nevada
?
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

New Hampshire
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18[60]
1979:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[8][21]
21

New Jersey
Before 1880:
None
Post-1880:
18 (penalties only against businesses)[61][62][63]
21[citation needed]
1973:
Lowered to 18[12]
1980:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 21[8][64]
21

New Mexico
?
1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

New York
21
18[65]
18
1982:
Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)
1985:
Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[21][66][67]
21

North Carolina
?
18[11]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1983:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

North Dakota
?
1936:
21[7]
21[14]
21[68]
21

Ohio
?
1935:
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[69]
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor
1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):
19: for 3.2% ABW beer[14]
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[14]
1982 (From Oct. 1):
19: beer
21: wine and liquor[70]
1988:
21[14]
21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)

Oklahoma
?
Men:
21
Women:
18: 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[71]
1976:
Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec)[72]
Last state to lower the drinking age.
1983:
Raised to 21[11][73]
21

Oregon
?
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Pennsylvania
?
1935:
21[7]
21
21[8][52]
21

Rhode Island
?
21[11]
1970:
Lowered to 18[12][74]
1980:
Raised to 19
1981:
Raised to 20
1984:
Raised to 21[21]
21

South Carolina
21[75]
1935:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1984:
19: for beer and wine[7]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

South Dakota
?
1934:
21 (all)
1939:
Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beer
Raised to 19: for 3.2% beer[76]
1972:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[13]
1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[8]
1988:
Raised to 21[58]
21

Tennessee
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21[77]
21[7]
1964:
Lowered to 18[7]
1979:
Raised to 19
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Texas
Pre 1909:
21
None (with written permission of parent or guardian)
Post 1909:
21[78][79]
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 18[80]
1981:
Raised to 19[81]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

Utah
?
1935:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Vermont
?
21[7]
1971:
Lowered to 18[82][83]
1986:
Raised to 21[21][83]
21

Virginia
?
21[84]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
(21: for liquor remained)[84]
1981:
Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption
1983:
Raised to 19 (all beer)
1985:
Raised to 21[84]
21

Washington
"Age of majority"
since 1877[85]
21[citation needed]
21
21[8]
21

West Virginia
?
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all)[86]
1983:
Raised to 19
(& 21 for non-residents)[8][43]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Wisconsin
1839–1866:
18: for wine and liquor
None: for beer
Post-1866:
21 (all)[87]
18: for beer
21: for wine and spirits
1957:
21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[88]
1963:
Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[88]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[88]
1977:
Border state restriction lifted.[88]
1984:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)[88]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)[citation needed]

Wyoming
?
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 19[13]
1988:
Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[89][90]
Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21
21

American Samoa
?
?
?
21?
21[91]

Northern Mariana Islands
–
–
?
21?
21[92]

Puerto Rico
?
18
18
Kept at 18
despite 10% highway funding
penalty under Drinking Age Act.
18[93]

Virgin Islands
?
?
?
18
18[94]

Guam
?
21?
18
18
Raised to 21 in 2010[5]

text: Additional notes[edit]

text:
Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings. That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws.[41]
In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21.[23][24] Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before. Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18.[39] In other words, the drinking age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a drinking age of 21 unconstitutional.[39] That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later.[40] Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence,[41] and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood. Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966). Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.


document_title: Nectar loyalty card

question_text: is there an expiry date on nectar points

root

text: Nectar loyalty card

text: History[edit]

text: The Nectar scheme was launched in 2002, merging the existing loyalty programmes of Sainsbury's, BP and Barclaycard, and including Debenhams which did not have an existing scheme. It was run by Loyalty Management Group, then chaired by Sir Keith Mills, the founder of Air Miles.[2] At the time of launch, Nectar confirmed it would be open to more companies to join, excluding rivals of existing members.[3]

tag: p

text: By 2010, Nectar claimed that 16.8 million people were part of the scheme, and that it had 14 member companies and over 400 online retailers.[4]

text: Collection[edit]

text: Cardholders receive points on purchases made at participating retailers both instore and online, generally beginning at one point per whole pound spent. Points for fuel at BP and Sainsbury's are awarded for each litre purchased. Extra points may be earned when buying certain products or during particular promotions. A number of other online retailers award points when purchases are made on their websites accessed through the main Nectar website.[1]

text: Nectar receives a payment from each retailer for each point paid to a customer. It then reimburses the retailer when the points are redeemed.[5]

text: It is one of the few loyalty cards that cannot be used with Android Pay .

text: Redemption[edit]

text: A number of retailers allow cardholders to redeem points in store for money off their shopping, including Argos and Sainsbury's. In the case of Sainsbury's, a cardholder must have shopped at a particular store within the last 12 months in order to spend points there.[6]

text: Points can also be redeemed with a number of partners through evouchers, including Eurostar, PizzaExpress and Hertz. Points are lost if a Nectar account is closed. For example, an account may be closed if no points have been earned or redeemed for a continuous period of 12 months.[7] As Nectar points do not normally "expire", it is possible for cardholders to save towards more expensive rewards, such as train tickets and holidays.

text: Members[edit]

text: Current[edit]

text:
Launch members:

Sainsbury's
BP

Other members:

The Hut Group (runs a "Nectar Exclusives" webstore - includes a variety of products to redeem points on.)
Expedia
Hertz
American Express (co-branded credit card)
The AA
Argos (in store: redemption only; online: collect only)
DHL Express
eBay
Oxfam
Great Western Railway
TransPennine Express
Hull Trains
Virgin Trains East Coast[8]
VitalityHealth
The Daily Mail newspaper[9]
South Western Railway

Points can also be collected for purchases from a number of retailers via the Nectar online store, including:

ASOS.com
Apple Inc.
Currys
Dell
Zavvi
F. Hinds
Next
Sky
viagogo Ticket Exchange
Virgin Media
Vodafone (joined 2003, left 2005, rejoined 2009)

tag: table

text: Former[edit]

text:
Homebase (membership ended 31 December 2016)[10]
Vision Express (removed from 1 January 2015)[11]
Amazon (removed on 1 February 2013)[12]
Barclaycard (was a launch member, however membership ended on 31 August 2005)
EDF Energy (stopped issuing Nectar points as of 31 December 2010)
Debenhams (was a launch member, however membership ended on 15 February 2008)
ebookers (membership ended on 1 June 2009)
Ford
Gala Bingo (membership ended on 1 June 2010)
Magnet
TalkTalk (membership ended on 31 August 2009)
Threshers
Winemark (Northern Ireland only)
Dollond & Aitchison
Brewers Fayre (membership ended on 1 Feb 2011)
Beefeater (membership ended on 31 January 2011)
Table Table (left scheme on 31 January 2011)
British Gas (left scheme on 30 June 2017)[13]

tag: ul

text: International schemes[edit]

text: Aimia launched Nectar in Italy in 2010, with retailers including Auchan and UniEuro.[14] The Italian scheme ended in February 2016.[15]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: In August 2017, Nectar announced it was partnering with The Daily Mail. This association with a daily newspaper accused of racism, homophobia and sexism upset many customers, who cancelled their accounts and posted photos of their cut-up loyalty cards online.[16] The company responded, "we know that not all of you will support every partner".


document_title: List of largest manufacturing companies by revenue

question_text: what is the largest manufacturer in the world

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2016)

text: The following is a list of the world's largest manufacturing companies, ordered by revenue in millions of U.S. dollars according to the Fortune Global 500 in the year 2012. Currently all companies with revenue greater than $25 billion are included.

text:
No.
Company
Industry
Revenue
Headquarters

1
Mitsui
Engineering, various
666,512
 Japan

2
IBM
Engineering, various
306,916
 United States

6
General Motors
Automotive
244,539
 United States

3
Volkswagen Group
Engineering, various
221,551
 Germany

4
Samsung Electronics
Electronics, various
167,000
 South Korea

4
Daimler
Automotive
394,890
 Germany

5
General Electric
Engineering, various
147,616
 United States

5
Exor
Automotive
140,297
 Italy

7
Ford
Automotive
136,264
 United States

8
Hewlett-Packard
Electronics
127,245
 United States

9
Hitachi
Engineering, various
122,419
 Japan

10
Nissan
Automotive
119,166
 Japan

11
Hon Hai Precision Industry
Electronics
117,514
 Taiwan

13
Siemens
Engineering, various
113,349
 Germany

14
Apple
Electronics
108,249
 United States

15
Toyota
Automotive
105,364
 Japan

16
Cardinal Health
Pharmaceuticals
102,644
 United States

17
BASF
Chemicals
102,194
 Germany

18
Honda
Automotive
100,664
 Japan

19
Panasonic
Engineering, various
99,373
 Japan

20
BMW
Automotive
95,692
 Germany

21
ArcelorMittal
Steel
94,444
 Luxembourg

22
Nestle
Food & Beverages
94,405
  Switzerland

22
Eni
Oil & gas
90,405
 Italy

23
Peugeot
Automotive
83,305
 France

24
Procter & Gamble
Consumer goods
82,559
 United States

25
Sony
Electronics
82,237
 Japan

26
Toshiba
Engineering, various
77,261
 Japan

26
Enel
Renewable energy
75,405
 Italy

27
Bosch
Engineering, various
71,600
 Germany

28
Sinochem
Chemicals
70,990
 China

29
Mitsubishi
Engineering, various
70,492
 Japan

30
Hyundai Motor Company
Automotive
70,227
 South Korea

31
ThyssenKrupp
Steel
68,791
 Germany

32
Boeing
Aerospace & Defense
68,735
 United States

33
Airbus
Aerospace & Defense
68,310
 France

34
Pfizer
Pharmaceuticals
67,932
 United States

35
SAIC Motor
Automotive
67,255
 China

37
PepsiCo
Food & Beverages
66,504
 United States

38
Johnson & Johnson
Personal care products
65,030
 United States

39
Unilever
Consumer goods
64,610
 Netherlands

40
Dongfeng Motor Group
Automotive
62,911
 China

41
POSCO
Steel
62,230
 South Korea

42
Dell
Electronics
62,071
 United States

43
Caterpillar
Construction equipment
60,138
 United States

44
Dow Chemical
Chemicals
59,985
 United States

45
Novartis
Pharmaceuticals
59,375
  Switzerland

46
Renault
Automotive
59,272
 France

47
Saint-Gobain
Building materials
58,560
 France

48
United Technologies
Engineering, various
58,190
 United States

49
FAW Group
Automotive
57,003
 China

50
Fujitsu
Electronics
56,582
 Japan

51
China Minmetals
Metals
54,509
 China

52
Kraft Foods
Food & Beverages
54,365
 United States

53
Intel
Electronics
53,999
 United States

54
Nokia
Electronics
53,753
 Finland

55
Nippon Steel
Steel
51,812
 Japan

56
LyondellBasell
Chemicals
51,035
 Netherlands

57
Bayer
Pharmaceuticals
50,790
 Germany

58
SABIC
Chemicals
50,639
 Saudi Arabia

59
Hoffmann-La Roche
Pharmaceuticals
49,714
  Switzerland

60
LG Electronics
Electronics
48,977
 South Korea

61
Sanofi
Pharmaceuticals
48,746
 France

62
Hyundai Heavy Industries
Engineering, various
48,485
 South Korea

63
Norinco
48,154
 China

64
Merck & Co.
Pharmaceuticals
48,047
 United States

65
AB Volvo
Automotive
47,814
 Sweden

66
Lockheed Martin
Aerospace & Defense
46,692
 United States

67
Coca-Cola
Food & Beverages
46,542
 United States

68
Mitsubishi Electric
Engineering, various
46,094
 Japan

69
Koc Holding
Consumer durables
45,098
 Turkey

70
Wilmar International
Food & Beverages
44,710
 Singapore

71
Canon Inc.
Electronics
44,631
 Japan

72
GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals
43,907
 United Kingdom

73
Cisco Systems
Telecommunications equipment
43,218
 United States

74
China South Industries Group
Automotive, Electronics
43,160
 China

75
Continental
Tyres
42,416
 Germany

76
Sumitomo
Engineering, various
41,301
 Japan

77
Aviation Industry Corporation of China
Aerospace & Defense
40,835
 China

78
Johnson Controls
Engineering, various
40,833
 United States

79
Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings
Chemicals
40,632
 Japan

80
JFE Holdings
Steel
40,104
 Japan

81
Denso
Engineering, various
39,954
 Japan

82
Anheuser-Busch InBev
Food & Beverages
39,046
 Belgium

83
Kia Motors
Automotive
38,988
 South Korea

84
Abbott Laboratories
Pharmaceuticals
38,851
 United States

85
Hesteel Group
Steel
38,722
 China

86
DuPont
Chemicals
38,719
 United States

88
ABB
Engineering, various
37,990
  Switzerland

89
Bridgestone
Tyres
37,943
 Japan

90
Quanta Computer
Electronics
37,770
 Taiwan

91
China Metallurgical Group
Engineering, various
37,613
 China

92
Honeywell
37,059
 United States

93
JBS S.A.
Food & Beverages
36,921
 Brazil

94
Heraeus Holding
Engineering, various
36,406
 Germany

95
Ingram Micro
Electronics
36,329
 United States

96
Shougang Corporation
Steel
36,117
 China

97
Aluminum Corporation of China
Aluminium
35,839
 China

98
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Engineering, various
35,727
 Japan

99
Oracle Corporation
Electronics
35,622
 United States

100
Royal Philips Electronics
35,152
 Netherlands

101
Ericsson
Telecommunications equipment, Electronics
34,958
 Sweden

102
Tata Motors
Automotive
34,575
 India

103
Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation
Steel
34,260
 China

104
Christian Dior
Luxury goods
34,244
 France

105
AstraZeneca
Pharmaceuticals
33,591
 United Kingdom

106
Ineos
Chemicals
33,160
 Luxembourg

107
George Weston Limited
Food & Beverages
32,735
 Canada

108
General Dynamics
Defense
32,677
 United States

109
Tyson Foods
Food & Beverages
32,266
 United States

110
Jiangsu Shagang Group
Steel
32,097
 China

111
John Deere
Agricultural equipment
32,013
 United States

112
Suzuki Motor
Automotive
31,817
 Japan

113
Huawei
Telecommunications equipment, Electronics
31,543
 China

114
Schneider Electric
Engineering, various
31,128
 France

115
Sharp Corporation
Electronics
31,104
 Japan

116
Philip Morris International
Tobacco
31,097
 United States

117
China National Building Material Company
Building materials
30,022
 China

118
Sinomach
Engineering, various
29,846
 China

119
3M
29,611
 United States

120
Lenovo
Electronics
29,574
 China

121
Alfresa Holdings
Pharmaceuticals, Medical equipment
29,551
 Japan

122
Flextronics
Electronics
29,470
 Singapore

123
Aisin Seiki
Automotive components
29,183
 Japan

124
Michelin
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28,809
 France

125
Magna International
Automotive components
28,748
 Canada

126
BAE Systems
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28,624
 United Kingdom

127
L'Oreal
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28,286
 France

128
COFCO
Food & Beverages
28,190
 China

129
Northrop Grumman
Aerospace & Defense
28,058
 United States

130
Henan Coal & Chemical
Chemicals
27,919
 China

131
Fujifilm
Photographic equipment
27,804
 Japan

132
Tata Steel
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27,739
 India

133
ChemChina
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27,707
 China

134
Alstom
Engineering, various
27,417
 France

135
Danone
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26,861
 France

136
Sumitomo Electric Industries
Electrical cable
26,082
 Japan

137
International Paper
Pulp & Paper
26,034
 United States

138
Tejas Networks
Telecommunication Equipments
26,023
 India

139
Japan Tobacco
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25,759
 Japan

139
Leonardo
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25,751
 Italy

140
Mazda Motor
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25,749
 Japan

141
China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation
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25,145
 China

142
CRH
Building materials
25,141
 Ireland

143
Komatsu Limited
Construction equipment
25,099
 Japan


document_title: Extra innings

question_text: what is the longest major league baseball game in history

text: Extra innings

text: Home-field advantage[edit]

text: In Major League Baseball, home teams won about 52% of extra-inning games from 1957 to 2007.[1] During this same time period, home teams have won about 54% of all baseball games.[2] So while the home team has some advantage in extra-inning games, this advantage is less noticeable than the initial home-field advantage. Home teams tend to have the greatest advantage in run-scoring during the first 3 innings.[2]

text: For the visiting team to win, it must score as many runs as possible in the first (or "top") half of the inning and then prevent the home team from tying or taking the lead in the second (or "bottom") half. Because it bats in the bottom half of an inning, a home team wins the game by taking the lead at any point in the final inning. Normally in such a situation, the moment the winning run scores for whatever reason (base hit, sacrifice, wild pitch), the game immediately ends and no other runs are allowed. The term for winning in this scenario is a "walk-off" win (as everyone can walk off the field as soon as the winning run is scored). The exception is if the winning hit is a walk-off home run; all runners on base and the batter must circle the bases on a home run, so all their runs count for the final score.[3] Each extra inning simply repeats this scenario.

text: Variants[edit]

text: Asia[edit]

text: The East Asian professional leagues, NPB, KBO, and CPBL have a 12-inning limit before the game is declared a draw.

text: Additionally, NPB games have a total time limit of three and a half hours during the regular season before being counted as a tie.[4] In postseason play, the limit for number of innings is extended to 15, and the last game is completely replayed if drawn, leading to seven-game series that can go on for eight games. There are no limits on the number of innings in the eighth game of the Japan Series.

text: The KBO does not play extra innings in the first game of a double-header. Tie games are discarded when calculating winning percentages since 2002, except for 2008 when it was counted as a loss in the league's standings. Before 2002, they counted as half a win.

text: International play[edit]

text: Baseball[edit]

text: In the 11th inning, the manager selects anywhere in the batting order to start the inning, regardless of the last player put out. The batter immediately preceding this newly designated leadoff man becomes a runner on first base, and the next preceding batter is placed on second base. In subsequent innings, the batting order continues as normal, but the two players preceding the player scheduled to lead off the inning start on second and first.

text: This has also been adopted by European leagues Division de Honor (Spain), Italian Baseball League, and Honkbal Hoofdklasse (Netherlands).

text: Since 2009, a modified form of the rule has been used for the World Baseball Classic. Unlike the standard rule, the batting order may not start from a different place. Through the 2013 edition, the first inning in which teams started with runners on first and second was the 13th. The rule was not used in either the 2009 or 2013 editions because no game lasted more than 11 innings. For the 2017 World Baseball Classic, the rule was modified to use extra runners for the first time in the 11th inning, and it would see its first use in a second-round game between Japan and the Netherlands at the Tokyo Dome. Japan won that game thanks to a sacrifice bunt and a 2-run hit.

text: Other methods include the following:[citation needed]

text:
Putting runners on second and third (those who made the last two outs of the past inning) and an 0-2 count on the batter with no outs.
Having bases loaded (runners being the last three outs of the past inning), with a 1-1 count on the batter and no outs.
Sudden-death extra innings (the next team to score wins the game; this can result in a walk-off home run for the visiting team).

text: Softball[edit]

text: In international softball, a special extra innings rule starts immediately after regulation. Each team begins their half of the inning with a runner on second base (the last player to be put out). This increases the odds that teams will score and ensures a faster resolution. There is a drawback, though, in that the home team has a big advantage in going second. Should the visiting team fail to score, all the home team must do to win is, for example, get a successful bunt and sacrifice fly to score the winning run. This rule is also used in certain NCAA college conferences, usually applied after one or two extra innings where the "international tiebreaker" is not used.

text: MLB spring training[edit]

text: During spring training in Major League Baseball, whenever a game remains tied after ten innings, it is declared to end in a tie. This is done because teams often travel on a daily basis, and also to reduce chances for injuries because the games do not officially count in the standings.

text: Longest games[edit]

text: Professional[edit]

text: There are nine innings in a professional baseball game.

text: Minor league[edit]

text: The record for the most innings ever played in a single professional game is 33 which occurred in a 1981 minor-league game between the Pawtucket Red Sox and the Rochester Red Wings, Triple-A affiliates of the Boston Red Sox and the Baltimore Orioles, respectively. Interestingly, each team had a future Hall of Famer on its roster: Wade Boggs for Pawtucket and Cal Ripken Jr. for Rochester.

text: Major League Baseball[edit]

text: The longest game by innings in Major League Baseball was a 1–1 tie in the National League between the Boston Braves and the Brooklyn Robins in 26 innings, at Braves Field in Boston on May 1, 1920. It had become too dark to see the ball (fields did not have lights yet and the sun was setting), and the game was considered a draw. Played rapidly by modern standards, those 26 innings were completed in 3 hours and 50 minutes. As was the custom, the first pitch was thrown at 3:00 p.m.; home plate umpire Barry McCormick called the game as lights began appearing in the windows of buildings across the Charles River, just before 7:00 p.m.

text: The longest American League game, and tied for the longest major league game by innings which ended with one team winning, was a 7–6 victory by the Chicago White Sox over the Milwaukee Brewers in 25 innings, at Comiskey Park in Chicago in 1984. The game began at 7:30 p.m. on May 8, 1984, and after scoring early runs both teams scored twice in the 8th inning; but the game was suspended after 17 innings with the score tied 3–3 due to a league curfew rule prohibiting an inning from beginning after 12:59 a.m. The game was continued the following evening, May 9, 1984, and both teams scored three times in the 21st inning to make the score 6–6; finally, in the bottom of the 25th, the White Sox' Harold Baines hit a home run to end the contest. Tom Seaver was the winning pitcher in relief.[5] A regularly scheduled game followed, meaning both nights saw 17 innings played; Seaver also started, and won, the second game. The official time of the entire 25-inning game was 8 hours, 6 minutes, also a major league record.[6]

text: On September 11, 1974, the St. Louis Cardinals won a marathon night game against the New York Mets, after 7 hours 4 minutes, and 25 innings, also tied for the longest game to a decision in major league history. Two Mets' errors led to the Cardinals' winning run, starting with an errant pickoff throw that allowed Bake McBride to scamper all the way around from first. St. Louis won, 4–3.[7] The Mets went to the plate 103 times, a record in a major league game; the Cards were not far behind with 99 plate appearances. All told, a record 175 official at-bats were recorded, with a major-league record 45 runners stranded. Only a thousand fans were still at Shea Stadium when the game ended at 3:13 a.m. ET. (Unlike the American League, the National League did not have a curfew.) This was the longest game played to a decision without a suspension.[8][9]

text: On April 15, 1968, the Houston Astros defeated the Mets 1-0 in a 24-inning game at the Houston Astrodome. The 6-hour, 6-minute contest, which ended with the Astros' Bob Aspromonte hitting a grounder through the legs of Mets shortstop Al Weis in the bottom of the 24th, remains the longest shutout game in Major League history. It also had the most scoreless innings (23) in a major-league game.[10]

text: The longest American League game to end in a tie was a 24-inning contest between the Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Athletics on July 21, 1945. The teams were tied 1–1 when the game was called due to darkness at Shibe Park; the Tigers' Les Mueller had pitched a record 19 2⁄3 innings (and only given up one run) before being taken out in the 20th inning.

text: The longest game to end in a scoreless tie was a National League contest between the Cincinnati Reds and Brooklyn Dodgers on September 11, 1946. The teams went 19 innings before darkness fell at Brooklyn's Ebbets Field, forcing the game to be called on account of darkness. In the American League, the longest 0–0 game was played between the Washington Senators and Detroit Tigers on July 16, 1909. The game was called after 18 innings due to darkness at Bennett Park in Detroit. The longest scoreless period within a completed game came in the April 15, 1968 game between the Astros and Mets which remained scoreless after 23 innings.

text: The Washington Senators became the first team in Major League history to play multiple games of at least 20 innings in a season when they defeated the Minnesota Twins 9–7 on August 9, 1967, in 20 innings, having set a franchise record for innings played with a 22-inning win over the Chicago White Sox on June 12 of that year. This feat would later be accomplished by the 1971 Oakland Athletics who had games of 21 and 20 innings and the 1989 Los Angeles Dodgers who played two 22-inning games, against the Houston Astros in June and the Montreal Expos in August.[11]

text: The longest doubleheader in Major League history came on May 31, 1964. The San Francisco Giants beat the New York Mets 5–3 in nine innings in the day's first game at Shea Stadium, and then won the nightcap 8–6 after 23 innings (despite a rare triple play turned by the Mets in the 14th). The two games lasted a combined nine hours, 52 minutes. The Mets' Ed Kranepool played in all 32 innings of the two games; Kranepool had been called up to the team that day after having played in both games of a doubleheader the day before for their Triple-A farm club in Buffalo.

text: On April 5, 2012, the Toronto Blue Jays beat the Cleveland Indians 7–4 in 16 innings. The five-hour, 14-minute game was the longest Opening Day game in Major League history.[12]

text: On June 8, 2013, the Toronto Blue Jays beat the Texas Rangers 4–3 in 18 innings while the Miami Marlins beat the New York Mets 2–1 in 20 innings. This was the second time in Major League history that two games of 18 innings or more were played on same day;[13] the first was August 15, 2006.[14]

text: On September 21, 2013, just past 2:00 a.m. ET, the Tampa Bay Rays defeated the Baltimore Orioles 5–4 in 18 innings in a game that had started at 7:10 p.m. the night before.[15] Both teams were in contention for an American League wild card slot, with Boston having won the AL East division while this game was being played.

text: On September 24, 2013, the Arizona Diamondbacks set a major league record by playing their 77th extra inning of the season when their game against the San Diego Padres at Petco Park went into the 11th inning.[16] This broke the record of 76 extra innings played by the Minnesota Twins in 1969.

text: On August 10, 2014, at 12:39 AM, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim defeated the Boston Red Sox 5–4 in 19 innings in a game that had started at 6 PM the night before.[17] Albert Pujols' walk off homer was quickly reviewed, per Boston's request, but the call was confirmed. That same day the Toronto Blue Jays defeated the Detroit Tigers 6–5 in a 19 inning game of their own, Both teams used all their available bench reserves as well as their entire available bullpen, Toronto even used starting pitcher Marcus Stroman as a pinch runner at one point. Tigers starter Rick Porcello would be credited with the loss after coming into the game in the 18th inning. Toronto reliever Chad Jenkins would get the win after pitching 6 innings of relief (an unusually long outing for a reliever) With José Bautista hitting a walk-off single to score Munenori Kawasaki to win the game. Toronto starter R.A. Dickey had begun warming up in the bullpen in the top of the 19th and likely would have come on in relief had the game gone to 20 innings. The game was the then longest in franchise history for Toronto. It is now tied with another 19 inning game, a 2–1 loss to the Cleveland Indians on July 1, 2016.

text: On April 11, 2015, the Boston Red Sox defeated their historic AL East division rivals the New York Yankees 6–5 in 19 innings at Yankee Stadium. The game began at 7:05 PM on April 10, and ended at 2:13 AM, after 6 hours and 49 minutes of play. The game also included a 16-minute delay due to a brief power outage. It was the longest game between the two teams since the 20-inning, 4-3 Yankees win on August 29, 1967. The length of the game in fact prompted a Twitter joke during the game by Yankees' media personality Mark Feinsand at 12:10 AM on the 11th regarding Mark Teixeira's birthday: Mark Teixeira was 34 when this game began. He's now 35. #TrueStory.[18]

text: On May 28, 2017, the Tampa Bay Rays defeated the Minnesota Twins 8–6, in a 15-inning, 6-hour-and-26-minute game. Both teams combined had 115 at-bats, 33 hits and 21 strikeouts. This would be the second longest game in Tampa Bay Rays history.

text: Notable postseason extra-inning games[edit]

text: The longest major league postseason game was the second game of the 2014 National League Division Series, with the visiting San Francisco Giants winning 2–1 in 18 innings over the Washington Nationals. The game ended just after midnight on October 5, 2014 and lasted 6 hours 23 minutes. The Nationals had been leading 1–0 with two out in the ninth inning, with starter Jordan Zimmermann one out away from a complete-game shutout, but following a decision by manager Matt Williams to remove Zimmermann with two out after the latter walked Joe Panik, Washington closer Drew Storen gave up a single to Giants catcher Buster Posey and an RBI double to Pablo Sandoval, scoring Panik to tie the game 1–1. Posey was thrown out at the plate trying to score the second San Francisco run on Sandoval's double. Bruce Bochy challenged the call but the call stood and it ended the top of the ninth. After Sergio Romo retired the Nationals in order in the bottom half, the game went into extra innings. There was no further scoring until Giants first baseman Brandon Belt led off the top of the 18th inning with a home run. Hunter Strickland, a September call-up, recorded the save.

text: Another 18-inning contest was played between the Atlanta Braves and the Houston Astros on October 9, 2005. In the 4th game of a National League Division Series at Minute Maid Park in Houston, the Braves (who were trailing the series two games to one and facing elimination) took a 6–1 lead into the 8th inning. A grand slam by Lance Berkman in the bottom of the 8th brought the score to 6–5, and with two outs in the bottom of the 9th, Brad Ausmus homered to tie the game and send it to extra innings. The score remained deadlocked at 6–6 until the 18th, when the Astros' Chris Burke (who entered the game in the 9th inning as a pinch runner) homered to left field to win the game and send Houston to the National League Championship Series against the St. Louis Cardinals. Roger Clemens, who was brought in to pinch-hit in the 15th and pitched the last three innings in relief, was credited as the winning pitcher in the 5-hour, 50-minute contest. In a somewhat odd coincidence, Adam LaRoche and Tim Hudson played in both 18 inning games. This one as Atlanta Braves and the other one as opposing sides of one another with Hudson pitching in both games as the visiting team's starting pitcher. It is the longest winner in a potential clinching game in baseball history.

text: Exactly two weeks later on October 23, 2005, the same Houston Astros team lost to the Chicago White Sox in the longest World Series game by time, Game 3 of the 2005 Series, played at Minute Maid Park, which lasted 5 hours 41 minutes, breaking the previous record of 4 hours 51 minutes in Game 1 of the 2000 World Series. It also shared the record for the longest World Series game by innings at 14, tied with Game 2 of the 1916 World Series, played on October 9, 1916 between the Brooklyn Robins and Boston Red Sox at Braves Field, and Game 1 of the 2015 World Series, played on October 27, 2015 between the New York Mets and Kansas City Royals at Kauffman Stadium.

text: The 1991 World Series was the longest best-of-seven[19] World Series ever in terms of total number of innings, running out to seven games, three of which were extra-innings contests (the longest of which ran out to 12 innings), a total of 69 innings before the trophy was finally claimed by the Minnesota Twins.

text: The 1986 National League Championship Series, which also involved the Astros, was notable for its two climactic extra-inning games. After the Astros and the New York Mets split the first four games of the series, the Mets won Game 5 in 12 innings and Game 6 in 16 innings to claim the pennant.

text: The 1986 American League Championship Series between the Boston Red Sox and the then named California Angels featured a dramatic game where The Angels were leading 3 games to 1 and leading 5–4 in game 5, one strike away from the first ever pennant in franchise history, only for Red Sox's Dave Henderson hit a two-run homer off Angel closer Donnie Moore in the top of the ninth inning to give the Red Sox the lead. The Angels tied it in the bottom half but in the top of the 11th, Henderson's sac fly off Moore proved to be the winning margin and the Angels lost the game. The series returned to Boston and the Angels were outscored a combined 18–5 in games 6 and 7 to lose the pennant.

text: The 1986 World Series between the New York Mets and Boston Red Sox went into extra innings in Game 6 as well. The Red Sox scored 2 runs in the top of the 10th inning to take a 5-3 lead and then got two quick outs with no one on base in the bottom of the 10th. With the Red Sox one out away from their first world championship in 86 years, reliever Calvin Schiraldi gives up three straight singles to cut the lead to one run with runners on first and third. Red Sox manager John McNamara replaces Schiraldi with Bob Stanley, who then throws a two-strike wild pitch to Mooke Wilson to allow the tying run to score and move the other runner to second base. The wild pitch was particularly notable in that it completely turned the tables on the Red Sox from what they had done while facing the Angels weeks earlier, as they themselves had now blown a situation in which they were one strike away from winning the series. Wilson subsequently hits a ground ball to first base that rolls through the legs of first baseman Bill Buckner to allow the winning run to score from second base, sending the World Series to a Game 7. Had Buckner not committed this error, the game would have either remained tied with runners on first and third for the next batter (if Wilson was safe) or would have gone to an 11th inning (if Wilson had been out).

text: The 1980 National League Championship Series, played between the Houston Astros and the Philadelphia Phillies, had four of its five games go to extra innings. The Astros won the second and third games in 10 and 11 innings respectively, while the Phillies took Games 4 and 5 in 10 innings each.

text: The 2012 American League Division Series between the Baltimore Orioles and the New York Yankees had back-to-back extra inning games, going 12 and 13 innings respectively. The Yankees won Game 3 on a walk-off home run by Raúl Ibañez and the Orioles returned the favor the next night by winning Game 4.

text: In the 1995 American League Division Series, the Seattle Mariners and Yankees battled in Game 2 in 15 innings. The Yankees won the game on a two-run walk-off home run by Jim Leyritz, setting the record for longest game in MLB postseason history by time until 2005. In Game 5, the Mariners won the game and the series in 11 innings on Edgar Martínez's famous double that scored Ken Griffey Jr. Until 2011, this was the only LDS game 5 in either league to go into extra innings.

text: The 2014 American League Wild Card Game featured the first extra inning game in just its third year of postseason existence, was won by the Kansas City Royals over the Oakland Athletics in 12 innings.

text: The longest "winner take all" game (defined as the final game of a postseason series, in which the winning team clinches the title or advances to the next round while the loser is eliminated from the postseason) in MLB postseason history is Game 7 of the 1924 World Series, won by the Washington Senators over the New York Giants in 12 innings.

text: All-Star Game[edit]

text: The longest major league All-Star Game by time was played on July 15, 2008 at Yankee Stadium, with the American League winning 4–3 in 15 innings after four hours, 50 minutes.[20] This was the first time in All-Star game history that the AL won an All-Star game in extra innings. The previous nine times The National League went 8–0–1 in extra inning games.

text: The All-Star Game of July 11, 1967 at Anaheim Stadium also lasted 15 innings, but was considerably shorter in terms of elapsed time. The All-Star Game of July 9, 2002 at Miller Park was controversially declared a 7–7 tie after 11 innings, when both teams ran out of available pitchers.[21]

text: Japan Series[edit]

text: On November 6, 2010, the record for longest Japan Series game was set in Game 6. The Chiba Lotte Marines and the Chunichi Dragons played 15 innings totaling 5 hours and 43 minutes. The game ended a 2-2 tie leading to a Game 7 in which the Marines won the game and the championship.

text: College baseball[edit]

text: The longest college baseball game was played between Texas and Boston College on May 30, 2009, in a regional NCAA Division I Baseball Championship tournament game at Austin, Texas. Texas won the game, 3-2, in 25 innings as the visiting team under NCAA tournament rules on home-team declaration during a tournament. The game lasted seven hours three minutes.[22][23]


document_title: The Good Doctor (TV series)

question_text: when did the last episode of the good doctor air

text: The Good Doctor (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series follows Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism and savant syndrome from the mid-size city of Casper, Wyoming, where he had a troubled childhood. He relocates to San Jose, California, to work at the prestigious San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital.[2]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Freddie Highmore as Shaun Murphy: A surgical resident with autism and savant syndrome.[3] His savant abilities include near-photographic recall and the ability to note minute details and changes. He is portrayed in flashbacks to his teen years by Graham Verchere.[4]
Nicholas Gonzalez as Neil Melendez: Attending Cardiothoracic surgeon in charge of surgical residents.[3] He was also engaged to Jessica Preston, until season 1 episode 12.
Antonia Thomas as Claire Browne: A surgical resident who forms a special connection with Shaun.[5]
Chuku Modu as Jared Kalu: A surgical resident from a wealthy family.[6]
Beau Garrett as Jessica Preston: The hospital in-house attorney and Vice President of Risk Management. She is the granddaughter of the hospital founder and a friend of Dr. Glassman.[7]
Irene Keng as Elle McLean: A resident (appeared only in the pilot)[8][9]
Hill Harper as Marcus Andrews: Chief of surgery and board member.[8]
Richard Schiff as Aaron Glassman: President of the San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, who has been a mentor and good friend of Shaun since he was 14.[10][11]
Tamlyn Tomita as Allegra Aoki: Chairman and Vice President of the foundation that controls the hospital.[12]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Dylan Kingwell as Steve Murphy: Shaun's younger brother (in flashbacks).[4] He also portrays Evan Gallico, a boy in the present that resembles Shaun's brother and is suffering from stage 4 Osteosarcoma.
Paige Spara as Lea: Shaun's love interest/ former neighbor.
Eric Winter as Matt Coyle: A suave doctor who charms the hospital's staff, until he makes explicit advances towards one of them.[13]
Christina Chang as Dr. Audrey Lim
Marsha Thomason as Dr. Isabel Barnes:[14] Marcus' wife.[15]
Fiona Gubelmann as Morgan Reznick: A new resident who joins the cast for five episodes with the possibility of becoming a regular in Season 2.[16] As a resident, Morgan will turn out to be a rival for Shaun. She debuted in "She".[17]
Will Yun Lee as Adam Park: An ex-cop who decided to become a doctor in a multi-episode arc beginning in February[18]

text: Notable guests[edit]

text:
Jasika Nicole as Carly[19]
Eve Gordon as Nurse Fryday[19]
Chris D'Elia as Kenny, Shaun's new neighbor, who moves into Lea's apartment.
Graham Patrick Martin as Blake[20]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Burnt Food"
Seth Gordon
David Shore
September 25, 2017 (2017-09-25)
11.22[21]

On the way to begin his surgical residency at San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, Dr. Shaun Murphy witnesses an airport sign fall and shatter glass onto a young boy. Another doctor is first on the scene and begins applying pressure to the child's neck. Shaun tells him that he's pressing on the wrong part of the neck for a child. With his unique ability to visualize the internal body and using improvised methods and tools, Shaun is able to stabilize the boy. On the way to the hospital, Shaun notices that the boy's vitals have changed. Hospital staff are alerted to the arrival of the boy. Shaun tries to tell the doctors about the boy's vitals, stating that he needs an echo-cardiogram. The doctors disagree and begin surgery. While operating, something goes wrong and Claire Browne, a surgical resident, recalls Shaun mentioning an echo. Thanks to Shaun's diagnosis, the boy's life is saved. Meanwhile, in a hospital board meeting, Dr. Aaron Glassman, president of the hospital, tries to convince the board to hire Shaun, despite his autism. Flashbacks give us a picture of Shaun's childhood and his motivation for becoming a doctor.

2
"Mount Rushmore"
Mike Listo
David Shore
October 2, 2017 (2017-10-02)
10.93[22]

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Dr. Melendez is doing rounds with Dr. Browne and Dr. Kalu. Melendez calls out Shaun for arriving late on his first full day. A middle aged woman is brought into the ER with abdominal pain. Shaun immediately diagnoses a malignant tumor. Melendez assigns Browne as his number two for the surgery while giving Shaun "scut work" - all the work that residents hate doing. On the operating table, the doctors find the tumor is much bigger than expected and has encased all of her arteries. Looking at biopsy results, the residents find out that she is suffering from leiomyosarcoma, making surgery seemingly impossible. Shaun's ability to visualize the internal organs allows him to figure out that removing one of her kidneys would allow a better look, enough to view and possibly remove the mass. To Browne's dismay, Kalu suggests Shaun's idea to Melendez, getting the credit for the idea. Meanwhile, Shaun's attention to detail in his scut work gets him into trouble. Instead of releasing patients ready for discharge, Shaun rechecks them and orders additional tests. Upon learning this, Melendez assigns Nurse Freydey as Shaun's "boss" for the day. Later, after rechecking a discharged young girl's test results, Shaun races to her home. The parents are annoyed that he's bothering them after midnight and at first refuse to let him in. Shaun insists he will not leave before seeing their daughter. His diagnosis is correct and they must rush her to the hospital for surgery to save her life.

3
"Oliver"
John Dahl
William Rotko
October 9, 2017 (2017-10-09)
10.69[23]

Shaun and Claire fly to San Francisco Municipal Hospital to get a liver for a transplant patient. They can't fly back due to fog and are forced to use a police escort. Several problems arise. First, the liver's temperature rises to near the allowed maximum, forcing them to stop at a local store to cool it by submerging it in slushie. As they proceed with their journey, Shaun discovers that the liver has a clot. With only two hours of viability left, the duo decides to perform an operation en route in order to remove the clot and flush the left lobe, protecting it from the ice bath. Back at San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, Chuck, the recipient of the liver, is discovered to have alcohol in his system, a development that could move him to the bottom of the list. Chuck later confesses that he actually took a drink at his daughter's graduation. In order to protect its reputation and its future patients, the hospital decides to deny Chuck the liver. To their dismay, Shaun and Claire arrive back, only to find out that the liver has to be taken to another patient at another hospital.

4
"Pipes"
Steven DePaul
Thomas L. Moran
October 16, 2017 (2017-10-16)
10.60[24]

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Barb Allen, 22 weeks pregnant, and her husband, Mark, come to St. Bonaventure hoping that doctors can save her baby. A large non-cancerous tumor is growing so close to the fetus that for the baby to survive it must be removed. After an ultrasound, she hears from Dr. Melendez the same thing she’s heard from two other second opinions. The safest thing to do is terminate the pregnancy. Due to a medical condition that leaves her susceptible to clots, she risks having a heart attack during surgery. Barb says she’ll do anything to save the baby. Shaun interrupts offering a way to control the clotting factor pre-operatively. His suggestion is considered and surgery is scheduled. However, Melendez is angry that Shaun contradicted him in front of a patient. Complications arise when the husband changes his mind about the surgery. After a meeting with legal staff and the board, the surgery is rescheduled. However, during the procedure Barb suffers a heart attack, causing the surgery to be aborted. In recovery, Melendez explains that the baby is fine. She insists on trying the operation again. Ultimately Jared suggests stopping her heart and putting her on life support reducing the risk of a second heart attack. Surgery is successful for both mother and baby. Meanwhile, Dr. Melendez assigns Shaun and Claire case, as a punishment, to lance a boil for a patient of Dr. Andrews. 18 year old Olivia is experiencing severe pain in her genital area. After an examination, the “boil” turns out to be an abscess needing drainage. Olivia admits to being tested every month for STD's since she does pornography for a living. During the routine procedure to drain the abscess, they discover fibroid tumor wrapped around the nerve in the genital area. Surgery will mean losing feeling in her genitalia. As Dr. Andrews and Claire discuss the surgery with Olivia, Shaun rushes in with an alternative method to reconnect the vessels in a way that would leave her with no feeling in her thigh instead of her genital area. She agrees to it and the operation is successful.

5
"Point Three Percent"
Larry Teng
David Hoselton
October 23, 2017 (2017-10-23)
10.39[25]

Shaun notices a young boy with an indubitable resemblance to his deceased brother Steve, forming a bond with him. The boy's name is actually Evan and was brought to the hospital by his parents for reportedly breaking an arm; unbeknownst to Evan, he is in fact suffering from stage 4 Osteosarcoma. Shaun later suspects that he might have been misdiagnosed with cancer but indeed was suffering from Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In order not to give both Evan and his parents false hopes, Shaun decides to lie, attempting to perform a bone marrow aspiration, but he is caught red-handed by the parents. Subsequently, Evan starts coughing out blood, sending him to the OR. While on the operating table, Dr. Neil Menendez and Dr. Claire Browne discover that the cancer had metastasized, undoubtable proof that he is indeed suffering with terminal cancer. The other doctors are trying to find a prognosis of a 66-year old man, brought to the hospital by his estranged son, with an allergy causing him to have convulsions. Dr. Browne later finds out that the man is suffering from Echinococcus, a cyst form of tapeworms. Saddened by Evan's fate, which Evan has in fact known about the whole time, Shaun reads Evan the final few pages of To Kill a Mockingbird, a book of Steve's that he never finished reading before he died.

6
"Not Fake"
Michael Patrick Jann
Simran Baidwan
October 30, 2017 (2017-10-30)
10.60[26]

Shaun and the rest of the residents are working the graveyard shift when numerous casualties from a wedding bus crash come in. Among the victims are a woman with severe, visible burns, on whom Dr. Kalu tries an experimental procedure, and a young man with a damaged leg who can either have it amputated, or have an artificial bone inserted. The relative newness of the latter procedure causes a conflict between the man's parents and his soon-to-be bride.

7
"22 Steps"
David Straiton
Johanna Lee
November 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)
10.14[27]

Shaun encounters Liam, an autistic patient brought in to the hospital. Having to face prejudice from the young man's parents, Dr. Melendez defends him for the first time and acknowledges his exceptional abilities. On Dr. Glassman's directive, Claire continues her therapy sessions in order to curb her guilt over the death of a patient she inadvertently caused in the previous episode. On the other hand, Dr. Kalu gets a 73-year-old man with severe chest pains thus needing urgent medical attention and a pacemaker but his desire is to die; in order to give him hope on life, Dr. Kalu does everything he can to have him accept treatment, to no avail in which the latter finally lets him sign the DNR.

8
"Apple"
Nestor Carbonell
David Renaud
November 20, 2017 (2017-11-20)
9.97[28]

While shopping at a grocery mart for apples, a robbery takes place. With Shaun's communication limitations, he puts the lives of two customers on a first date at risk, leading to a young woman getting shot. Shaun's neighbor Lea hugs him after he admits that he made a mistake with someone getting hurt. During surgery, Dr. Lim questions Claire's ability to not let her emotions get the better of her because of a racist patient. This leads to an argument between the two with Dr. Lim ordering Claire to leave the operating room. Claire puts her emotions in check to save the life of the racist patient much to the satisfaction and delight of Dr. Lim.

9
"Intangibles"
Bronwen Hughes
Karen Struck
November 27, 2017 (2017-11-27)
9.25[29]

The team takes on the case of a young boy from the Congo who has severe congenital heart anomalies; Murphy's latest encounter with his neighbor Lea has him confused. He takes flirting lessons from Dr. Browne and notes and charts what he sees in regards to the "flirting trifecta". Meanwhile, Dr. Browne along with a lab tech search for a misplaced tissue sample from a woman with possible throat cancer.

10
"Sacrifice"
Michael Patrick Jann
Lloyd Gilyard Jr.
December 4, 2017 (2017-12-04)
9.03[30]

Shaun has reluctantly agreed to Dr. Glassman's repeated suggestions to meet with a therapist, but ultimately changes his mind after a new patient, Bobby Otto, convinces Shaun to stop letting people tell him what to do. At the end of the episode, a confrontation with Glassman in the hospital lobby leads to Shaun having a meltdown, causing him to strike Glassman in the face and run out of the hospital. Meanwhile, Claire runs into an uncomfortable situation with Dr. Matt Coyle, who makes unwanted sexual advances toward her during a patient consultation. Jared finds out and physically threatens him. As a result, Jared is fired. In later developments, after a tense dinner with Jessica, her father and Dr. Melendez, we learn that she doesn't want to have children.

11
"Islands Part One"
Bill D'Elia
Thomas L. Moran & William Rotko
January 8, 2018 (2018-01-08)
8.30[31]

Shaun and Lea embark on an impromptu road trip. Shaun drives, drinks Tequila, sings karaoke, all for the first time, and experiences his first kiss with Lea. He is devastated when Lea reveals that she plans to move to Hershey, Pennsylvania to work in her family's auto body shop. Melendez and Andrews operate on conjoined twins, one of which needs a kidney. Complications develop and the operation to separate them, planned for six months after the kidney surgery, must be done immediately. The operation goes well until it's discovered the twins have not awakened from the surgery. In an effort to get his job back, Jared apologizes to Coyle, who rejects the apology. Claire vows to ruin Coyle by finding all the other women he has harassed. Andrews calls Kalu the next day with the news that Coyle came forward, but while he's willing to give him a recommendation for other hospitals, he cannot overlook the physical assault, and will not reinstate him at St. Bonaventure. We also learn that Dr. Melendez decides it's more important to be with Jessica and that he can be a "father" in other ways.

12
"Islands Part Two"
Cherie Nowlan
Thomas L. Moran & William Rotko
January 15, 2018 (2018-01-15)
9.33[32]

Shaun returns to the hospital after his trip and gives Dr. Glassman his two weeks’ notice, intending on moving to Hershey to be with Lea. Glassman and Dr. Melendez give Murphy a recommendation, but Glassman promises to back off if Shaun stays. After a talk with Claire in which she says she will miss Shaun, he decides to stay and returns the letter to Glassman. Meanwhile, the twins suffer complications from their surgery; Katie is not getting enough blood flow to the brain, while Jenny’s heart is failing. Despite the doctors’ best efforts to save both twins, Jenny dies on the operating table. Jessica looks into previous misconduct at the hospital in which white doctors were only warned instead of fired, leading to allegations of racism by Kalu’s lawyer. Kalu gets his job back and is seen getting suited up for a shift at the hospital, but Dr. Andrews didn’t want him back as he felt using the racism card was setting them back. Finally, Jessica tells Melendez that she wants to break up because she feels like she is standing in his way of being a father.

13
"Seven Reasons"
Mike Listo
David Shore & David Hoselton
January 22, 2018 (2018-01-22)
9.61[33]

While treating a Muslim patient, Shaun senses she is lying, based on his seven reasons why people lie, and makes controversial claims. Melendez punctures the bronchus of the patient during surgery and is put under investigation after Shaun questions if his personal life is affecting his work. Jared comes to a conclusion that might explain the punctured bronchus and exonerate Melendez, while Shaun maintains his belief. In the end, Shaun's suspicion that the patient was exposed to explosive chemicals was confirmed, but for a different reason. While Claire assists in a surgery on a stroke patient, who had an aneurysm, with Dr. Lim, she learns that Coyle got a new job and a raise. They inform the patient's wife that he needs surgery or he will die. The wife refuses and Claire discovers that it is because the wife was abused and does not want her husband to survive. Claire forces her to agree to the surgery and convinces her to leave her husband. Claire meets with Kristen, another former co-worker and victim of Coyle. Finally, Shaun asks Glassman to be friends, but Glassman decides to give him his own space and not be friends, which upsets Shaun. Shaun meets his new neighbor.

14
"She"
Seth Gordon
Simran Baidwan
February 5, 2018 (2018-02-05)
9.63[34]

The four residents including the new Dr. Morgan Reznick are paired off in a competition with Reznick and Browne being paired with Melendez while Murphy and Kalu are paired up with Lim. It determines their futures at the hospital. Murphy and Kalu are faced with a gender dysphoric patient, Quinn, in which Shaun feels that people are the gender they were born with. Murphy and Kalu come to determine that Quinn has testicular cancer and find out that she has fragile bones due to being on puberty blockers. This leads to the discussion about whether or not she there should be unilateral or bilateral surgery to remove one or both testicles. The grandma accuses the parents of abuse by letting Quinn go through with the bilateral surgery, but the parents say it's their decision. While the head doctors and family are discussing whether or not to go through with the surgery, Quinn ends up with testicular torsion which requires emergency surgery. They decided to not go through with the bilateral surgery. Meanwhile, Browne and Reznick have a male patient that ended up with a superbug which is resistant to all drugs, because he took leftover drugs for the wrong purpose. The permanent damage means he needs a colostomy put in, but Claire does research on fecal microbiota transplant, which Melendez approves. With how Reznick acts, it leaves Claire feeling like she is only a team player when she needs to be. Finally, Dr. Andrews and Dr. Barnes see a fertility specialist as they want to have children. Andrews blames Barnes for waiting so long. The fertility doctor says that Andrews has a low sperm count and are referred to a urologist.

15
"Heartfelt"
Regina King
Thomas L. Moran & Johanna Lee
February 26, 2018 (2018-02-26)
7.82[35]

A female teen goes through a risky surgery to implant a sternum so she can live a normal life without being confined to her house as being in crowds, falling, or hugged could be fatal. A young male teen initially rejects the idea of having a convicted killer's liver transplanted in him, but without it he has a day to live. A former 15 year veteran cop turned doctor, Alex Park, is skeptical of the convict, Boris's, motives. After a failed attempt surgery due to Boris reacting to the anesthesia, he was ordered to stand up. Boris grabs a guard and his gun threatening to kill him. Park uses his police training to keep the situation under control all while telling him he has a choice to make. Boris kills himself so he can help the boy live. They take the body to the operating room to take organs from the dead convict. Allegra talks to Dr. Andrews about a young wealthy donor, Aidan Coulter, but Andrews says being involved with him might give people the wrong idea and that she used sex to get a big donation. Morgan tells Shaun that he needs to get an expensive tux for the black tie fundraiser in order for people to respect him. At the fundraiser, Jared tells Claire he loved her and thought maybe she would one day love him, but came to the realization that isn't true leaving the status of their relationship unknown.

16
"Pain"[36]
Allison Liddi-Brown
William L. Rotko & David Renaud
March 12, 2018 (2018-03-12)
TBD

17
"Smile"[37]
TBA
TBA
March 19, 2018 (2018-03-19)
TBD

18
"More"[20]
TBA
TBA
March 26, 2018 (2018-03-26)[37]
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In May 2014, CBS Television Studios began development on an American remake of the hit South Korean medical drama Good Doctor with Daniel Dae Kim as producer. Kim explained the appeal of adapting the series as "something that can fit into a recognizable world, with a breadth of characters that can be explored in the long run".[38] The story of a pediatric surgeon with autism was to be set in Boston and projected to air in August 2015.[39][40] However, CBS did not pick up the project and it moved to Sony Pictures Television, with a put pilot commitment from ABC in October 2016. The series is developed by David Shore, who is executive producing alongside Kim, Sebastian Lee, and David Kim.[41] ABC officially ordered the series to pilot in January 2017.[42]

text: On May 11, 2017, ABC ordered the show to series as a co-production with Sony Pictures Television and ABC Studios,[43] and it was officially picked up for a full season of 18 episodes on October 3, 2017.[44]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On February 17, 2017, Antonia Thomas was cast as Dr. Claire Browne, a strong-willed and talented doctor who forms a special connection with Shaun.[5] A week later, Freddie Highmore was cast in the lead role as Dr. Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism; and Nicholas Gonzalez was cast as Dr. Neil Melendez, the boss of the surgical residents at the hospital.[3] The next month, Chuku Modu was cast as resident Dr. Jared Kalu (originally Dr. Jared Unger);[6] Hill Harper as head of surgery Dr. Marcus Andrews (originally Dr. Horace Andrews); Irene Keng as resident Dr. Elle McLean;[8] and Richard Schiff was cast as Dr. Aaron Glassman (originally Dr. Ira Glassman), the hospital president and Shaun's mentor.[10][43] Schiff was shortly followed by Beau Garrett as hospital board member Jessica Preston and a friend of Dr. Glassman.[7] In September 2017, Tamlyn Tomita was promoted to the principal cast as Allegra Aoki.[12]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production on the pilot took place from March 21 to April 6, 2017 in Vancouver, British Columbia.[46][47] Filming for the rest of the season began on July 26, 2017, and is set to conclude on March 1, 2018.[48]

text: Music[edit]

text: Dan Romer serves as the primary composer for the series.[49]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The Good Doctor began airing on September 25, 2017, on ABC in the United States,[50] and on CTV in Canada.[51] Sky Living acquired the broadcast rights for the United Kingdom and Ireland.[52] Seven Network airs the series in Australia.[53] Wowow, the largest Japanese private satellite and pay-per-view television network in Japan acquired the rights to broadcast the series beginning in April 2018.[54] In the Netherlands, the series began airing on January 29, 2018, on RTL 4 and on video-on-demand service Videoland.[55]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A full-length trailer was released for ABC's May 2017 Upfront presentation, which /Film's Ethan Anderton described the concept as feeling like "House meets Rain Man, that just might be enough to make it interesting". However, he questioned "how long can audiences be entranced by both the brilliance of [Highmore's] character's savant skills and the difficulties that come from his autism in the workplace."[56] Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter felt the trailer was "both kinda progressive and really dated". He added, "Too much felt on-the-nose—especially Hill Harper as the main character's detractor and Richard Schiff as his noble defender", while also commentating that "On-the-nose/premise is how you have to trailer a show like this, and maybe spaced out over 43 minutes it won't grate."[57] Ben Travers and Steve Greene for IndieWire called it "a serious trailer for a serious subject. The first glimpse of Highmore's character hints that they're toeing the line between presenting a thoughtful depiction of his condition and using his perceptive abilities as a kind of secret weapon."[58] The trailer had been viewed over 25.4 million times after a week of its release, including over 22 million views on Facebook.[59]

text: The pilot was screened at ABC's PaleyFest event on September 9, 2017.[60] The Good Doctor is included in the 35th annual PaleyFest LA. Scheduled to appear on March 22, 2018 at 7:30 pm are members of the cast: Freddie Highmore, Nicholas Gonzalez, Hill Harper, Richard Schiff, Tamlyn Tomita. David Shore (executive producer), and Daniel Dae Kim (executive producer) will also be on the panel. Additional guests will be announced at a later date.[61]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Burnt Food"
September 25, 2017
2.2/9
11.22[21]
2.2
7.86
4.4
19.21[62]

2
"Mount Rushmore"
October 2, 2017
2.2/9
10.93[22]
2.1
7.21
4.3
18.12[63]

3
"Oliver"
October 9, 2017
2.0/7
10.69[23]
2.2
7.53
4.2
18.22[64]

4
"Pipes"
October 16, 2017
2.0/8
10.60[24]
2.1
7.34
4.1
17.96[65]

5
"Point Three Percent"
October 23, 2017
1.8/7
10.39[25]
2.0
7.10
3.8
17.50[66]

6
"Not Fake"
October 30, 2017
1.9/7
10.60[26]
2.0
6.93
3.9
17.51[67]

7
"22 Steps"
November 13, 2017
1.9/7
10.14[27]
1.9
6.92
3.8
17.14[68]

8
"Apple"
November 20, 2017
1.8/7
9.97[28]
1.8
6.98
3.6
16.99[69]

9
"Intangibles"
November 27, 2017
1.7/7
9.25[29]
1.8
6.66
3.5
15.91[70]

10
"Sacrifice"
December 4, 2017
1.6/7
9.03[30]
1.8
6.67
3.4
15.74[71]

11
"Islands Part One"
January 8, 2018
1.6/6
8.30[31]
1.8
7.10
3.4
15.40[72]

12
"Islands Part Two"
January 15, 2018
1.7/6
9.33[32]
1.8
6.66
3.5
16.00[73]

13
"Seven Reasons"
January 22, 2018
1.7/7
9.61[33]
1.9
6.91
3.6
16.53[74]

14
"She"
February 5, 2018
1.7/7
9.63[34]
1.8
7.07
3.5
16.71[75]

15
"Heartfelt"
February 26, 2018
1.3/5
7.82[35]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: The series premiere earned a 2.2/9 rating in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic, with 11.22 million total viewers, making it the most watched Monday drama debut on ABC in 21 years, since Dangerous Minds in September 1996, and the highest rated Monday drama in the 18–49 demographic in 8.5 years, since Castle in March 2009.[76] Factoring live plus seven-day ratings, the pilot was watched by a total of 19.2 million viewers and set a record for DVR viewers with 7.9 million, surpassing the record of 7.67 million set by the pilot of Designated Survivor in 2016.[77] According to TV Guide's November 13-26 issue, the October 9 episode attracted 18.2 million viewers, beating out both NCIS and The Big Bang Theory for the most viewed primetime show that week.[78]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 58% approval rating with an average rating of 5.49/10 based on 38 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "The Good Doctor's heavy-handed bedside manner undermines a solid lead performance, but under all the emotionally manipulative gimmickry, there's still plenty of room to improve."[79] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 53 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[80]

text: Giving his first impression of the series' pilot for TVLine, Matt Webb Mitovich stated, "The Good Doctor boasts great DNA... [and] has the potential to be a refreshingly thought-provoking hospital drama, based on the buttons pushed in the pilot alone." He enjoyed the "warm dynamic" of Schiff and Highmore, while describing Thomas' character as "our emotional 'in' to Shaun's distinct, distant world". He noted that "it takes a while to build up momentum", but concluded that "the very final scene packs quite a punch, as Dr. Murphy unwittingly puts a colleague on notice".[81]

text: The New York Times television critic, James Poniewozik, notes in his Critic's Notebook column, that for the most part the drama is a "hospital melodrama with whiz-bang medical science, a dash of intra-staff romance and shameless sentimentality." Discussing the main characters of Dr. Aaron Glassman (Richard Schiff) and Dr. Shaun Murphy (Freddie Highmore), however, Poniewozik writes that "Mr. Schiff is convincing in the role and Mr. Highmore is striking in his." [82]

text: Speaking of Freddie Highmore's Golden Globe nomination on Monday, December 11, 2017, for his role in The Good Doctor, Laura Bradley, writing for Vanity Fair says: "... Freddie Highmore received the awards recognition that has long and unjustly eluded him..." Bradley feels that Highmore's performance has been "the central key" to the show's enormous success and while the show had lukewarm reviews, most critics have praised Highmore's work. [83]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
Golden Globe Awards
Best Actor – Television Series Drama
Freddie Highmore
Nominated
[84]

Humanitas Prize
60-Minute Category
David Shore
Won
[85]


document_title: List of transcontinental countries

question_text: what nation lies on both africa and asia

text: List of transcontinental countries

text: Contiguous boundary

text: Africa and Asia

text:
The modern convention for the land boundary between Asia and Africa runs along the Isthmus of Suez and the Suez Canal in Egypt. The border continues through the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
In antiquity, Egypt had been considered part of Asia, with the Catabathmus Magnus escarpment taken as the boundary with Africa (Libya).

text: Two of 27 governorates of Egypt lie entirely on the Asian Sinai Peninsula and two are transcontinental: Ismailia Governorate is nearly equally divided by the Suez Canal, and Suez Governorate, which is coterminous with the "transcontinental city" of Suez, has a small portion east of the Canal.

text: After the Yom Kippur War of October 1973, Israel briefly became a transcontinental country as it occupied territory on the African side of the Suez Canal, in addition to the entirety of Sinai. The land was returned in 1975 per the Sinai Interim Agreement.

text: Asia and Europe

text:
The conventional Europe-Asia boundary was subject to considerable variation during the 18th and 19th centuries,
indicated anywhere between  the Don River and the Caucasus to the south or the Ural Mountains to the east.
Since the later 19th century, the Caucasus-Urals boundary has become almost universally accepted.
According to this now-standard convention, the boundary follows the Aegean Sea, the Turkish Straits, the Black Sea, along the watershed of the Greater Caucasus, the northwestern portion of the Caspian Sea and along the Ural River and Ural Mountains to the Arctic Ocean.[2][3]

text: According to this convention, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Turkey, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Georgia have territory both in Europe and in Asia.

text:
The Russian Federation includes substantial territory in Northern Asia, historically incorporated into the Tsardom of Russia in the 17th century. European Russia has a population of about 110 million, or some 75% of the country's total population, though more than 75% of Russia's territory is in Asia.
The territory of the Republic of Turkey is predominantly in Asia, with European Turkey (East Thrace) accounting for about 11 million people, or some 14% of the country's population. The territory of Turkey is a remnant of that of the Ottoman Empire, which had replaced the transcontinental Byzantine Empire with the Sack of Constantinople in 1453. The Turkish city Istanbul (ancient Constantinople) lies on both sides of the Bosporus, making it a "transcontinental city". Çanakkale is also a Turkish city situated on two continents.
Kazakhstan's  physical, cultural, and geographic characteristics are Central Asian,[4] but its  West Kazakhstan and Atyrau provinces extend on either side of the Ural River,[5] placing a population of less than one million (out of 15 million) geographically in Europe.
Azerbaijan's Qusar, Shabran, Siazan, Khachmaz and  Quba districts are north of the Greater Caucasus watershed and thus geographically in Europe, placing a population of about half a million (or ca. 5% of the country's total population) in Europe.
Georgia is in Transcaucasia, and thus geographically in Asia, except for a small area in the upper reaches of the Terek River, corresponding to Kazbegi Municipality (population 3,800 as of 2014, ca. 0.1% of the country's population).

text: Non-contiguous

text: Asia and Europe

text: Greece: The territory of Greece includes a number of islands just off the coast of Asia Minor, such as Rhodes, Kos, Samos, Chios, Lesbos and Kastellorizo.

text: Europe and North America

text:
Greenland: Greenland is a country within the Kingdom of Denmark, fully located on the North American tectonic plate and close to the mainland, and is considered to be geographically part of North America. Although it is politically associated with Europe and internationally represented by a European country (including in the Council of Europe), it is autonomous. Historically and ethnically, its native population is of American tradition, although it also shares cultural links with other native peoples bordering the Arctic Sea in Northern Europe and Asia (today in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia), as well as in North America (Alaska in the U.S., Northwest Territories and Nunavut in Canada). Greenland was part of Danish territory and within the territory of the European Union, but voted for more autonomy and is now excluded from Union.
Portugal: Continental Portugal is in Europe, while the Azores archipelago (also associated with Europe) has two islands (Corvo and Flores) that are part of the North American plate. This might make Portugal a "tricontinental country" geologically (with Madeira on the African plate) except that continents, as already noted, are not defined by tectonic plates.

text: Europe and South America

text: The Netherlands: Though most of the Kingdom of the Netherlands' land-mass is in Europe, it also includes six island territories in the Lesser Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea: the Dutch Caribbean. Since the dissolution of the Dutch Antilles in 2010, the sovereign Kingdom of the Netherlands has been administratively divided into four non-sovereign constituent "countries": Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and The Netherlands — the last of which includes the islands of Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba (collectively known as the BES islands or the Caribbean Netherlands) in the Caribbean area as "special municipalities", making it a non-sovereign transcontinental country within the kingdom.

text: Europe, North America, South America, Oceania, Africa and Antarctic

text: France: Metropolitan France is in Europe, while the five Overseas Departments and six Overseas Collectivities are in other continents. Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthélemy, and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon are in North America, French Guiana is in South America, Mayotte and Réunion are in Africa, and New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Wallis and Futuna are in Oceania. These Overseas Departments and Collectivities are integral parts of France, as are the uninhabited Clipperton Island in North America and French Southern and Antarctic Lands which include Scattered Islands in Africa, St. Paul and Amsterdam islands on the Australian Plate, and Kerguelen Islands, Crozet Island and Adélie Land in Antarctic. French sovereignty on Adélie Land is under Antarctic Treaty System .

text: Africa and Europe

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Italy: Italy has a number of small islands south of Sicily which, geographically can be considered part of the African continent, due to their proximity to Tunisia. The closest land to Pantelleria and the Pelagie Islands (Lampedusa, Linosa and Lampione) is Tunisia on the African mainland. Nevertheless, Pantelleria and Linosa are considered part of Europe, Lampedusa and Lampione part of Africa.
Portugal: Continental Portugal is in Europe, while the archipelago of Madeira, an autonomous region of Portugal (including Porto Santo Island, the Desertas Islands and the Savage Islands), is associated with Africa. If we consider that the Azores autonomous region of Portugal has two islands (Flores and Corvo) that are part of North American tectonic plate (see Europe and North America section above), Portugal would be a transcontinental country geologically except for the fact these plates are not defined as continents.
Spain: Although its mainland is in Europe, Spain has territory including two provinces and two autonomous cities in Africa. Close to 5% of Spain's population live on the African continent. Territories include the Canary Islands in the Atlantic, the cities of Ceuta and Melilla on mainland North Africa and its Plazas de soberanía close to those cities) that are geographically part of Africa. The Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are three of the 19 autonomous communities and cities that form Spain, while the Plazas de Soberanía are under different military status. The African Mediterranean island of Isla de Alborán belongs to the transcontinental city of Almería and the transcontinental province of Almería.

text: Asia and Africa

text: Yemen: Although mainland Yemen is in the southern Arabian Peninsula and thus part of Asia, and its Hanish Islands and Perim in the Red Sea are associated with Asia, Yemen controls the archipelago of Socotra, which lies east of the horn of Somalia and is much closer to Africa than to Asia. Socotra and the Mahra region constitute the transcontinental Mahra Governorate.

text: Asia and Australasia

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Australia: The Commonwealth of Australia consists of its namesake continent and island possessions associated with Oceania, Asia, and Antarctica. Its Indian Ocean island possessions of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands are associated with Asia. The majority of Australia's Asian island residents have Asian ancestry and are Muslim or Buddhist.
The Malay Archipelago which lies on the border of Melanesia and  Southeast Asia. Depending on the interpretation of the border, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea can be considered transcontinental countries and East Timor, Brunei and Singapore can be on either side. Papua New Guinea anthropologically is a part of Melanesia and is sometimes included in the Malay Archipelago. It is an observer in ASEAN and has contemplated full membership.[6]

text: North America and Asia

text: United States: While the territory of the United States lies overwhelmingly in North America, it includes the state of Hawaii in Oceania as well as other Oceanian island possessions and Alaskan islands on NE Asia's continental shelf.

text: North and South America

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Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao and Trinidad and Tobago: The sea islands division of South America and North America is complicated. All Caribbean islands are often labeled as North American, but the Kingdom of the Netherlands countries of Aruba and Curaçao, and the Dutch special municipality of Bonaire lie on the continental shelf of South America, and can be considered South American as well. What complicates it even further is that the islands of Trinidad and Tobago lie on two continental shelves. The southern half of Trinidad lies in South America and the northern half of Trinidad, and Tobago, lie on the Caribbean plate. All these islands have closer cultural ties with North America.
Colombia: Mainland Colombia is in northwestern South America and Malpelo Island in the Pacific Ocean is also associated with South America, but the nation also controls the San Andrés and Providencia archipelago, 640 kilometres (400 mi) WNW of Colombia's Caribbean coast, near the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua. This archipelago is coterminous with the department of the same name.
Venezuela: Mainland Venezuela is in South America, but Isla Aves are geographically North American. Isla Aves is one of the federal dependencies of Venezuela under the administration of the Ministry of Popular Power for Interior, Justice and Peace.

text: North American Caribbean islands belonging to South American countries:

text: San Andrés and Providencia

text: South American Caribbean islands:

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Aruba
 Curaçao

 Bonaire
 Trinidad and Tobago

text: Other examples

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Chile is mostly on the South American mainland and includes the Oceanian islands of Easter Island and Sala y Gómez Island. They and the outlying South American Juan Fernández Islands and Desventuradas Islands are part of the Valparaíso Region.
The Danish Realm includes Denmark as well as the North American island of Greenland and the Faroe Islands associated with Europe. Greenland was integrated into the Danish Realm in 1953 and home rule was granted in 1979.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes the constituent countries of Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten. In addition, after the split of the Netherlands Antilles the Caribbean islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba became special municipalities incorporated into the metropolitan Netherlands.

text: Antarctica: claims

text: A number of nations claim ownership over portions of the continent of Antarctica. Some, including Argentina and Chile, consider the Antarctic land they claim to be integral parts of their national territory. Some nations also have sub-Antarctic island possessions north of 60°S latitude and thus recognized by international law under the Antarctic Treaty System, which holds in abeyance land claims south of 60°S latitude.