document_title: Remora

question_text: what are the fish that are on sharks

question_tokens: what are the fish that are on sharks

root

text: Remora

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Remora front dorsal fins have evolved to enable them to adhere by suction to smooth surfaces and they spend their lives clinging to a host animal such as a whale, turtle, shark or ray. It is probably a mutualistic arrangement as the remora can move around on the host, removing ectoparasites and loose flakes of skin, while benefiting from the protection provided by the host, and the constant flow of water across its gills.[6]  Although it was initially believed that remoras fed off particulate matter from the host's meals, this has been shown a falsehood; in reality their diets are composed primarily of host feces instead.[7]

tag: p

text: Habitat[edit]

text: Remoras are tropical open-ocean dwellers, but are occasionally found in temperate or coastal waters if they have attached to large fish that have wandered into these areas. In the mid-Atlantic, spawning usually takes place in June and July; in the Mediterranean, it occurs in August and September. The sucking disc begins to show when the young fish are about 1 cm (0.4 in) long. When the remora reaches about 3 cm (1.2 in), the disc is fully formed and the remora can then attach to other animals. The remora's lower jaw projects beyond the upper, and the animal lacks a swim bladder.[2]

text: Some remoras associate with specific host species. They are commonly found attached to sharks, manta rays, whales, turtles, and dugongs (hence the common names "sharksucker" and "whalesucker").  Smaller remoras also fasten onto fish such as tuna and swordfish, and some small remoras travel in the mouths or gills of large manta rays, ocean sunfish, swordfish and sailfish.

text: The relationship between a remora and its host is most often taken to be one of commensalism, specifically phoresy.

text: Physiology[edit]

text: Research into the physiology of the remora has been of significant benefit to the understanding of ventilation costs in fish.

text: Remoras, like many other fishes, have  two different modes of ventilation. Ram ventilation[8] is the process in which at higher speeds, the remora uses the force of the water moving past it to create movement of fluid in the gills. Alternatively, at lower speeds the remora will use a form of active ventilation,[8] in which the fish actively moves fluid through its gills. In order to use active ventilation, a fish must actively use energy to move the fluid; however, determining this energy cost is normally complicated due to the movement of the fish when using either method.  As a result, the remora has proved invaluable in finding this cost difference (since they will stick to a shark or tube, and hence remain stationary despite the movement or lack thereof of water). Experimental data from studies on remora found that the associated cost for active ventilation created a 3.7–5.1% increased energy consumption in order to maintain the same quantity of fluid flow the fish obtained by using ram ventilation.[9]

text: Other research into the remora's physiology came about as a result of studies across multiple taxa, or using the remora as an out-group for certain evolutionary studies. Concerning the latter case, remoras were used as an outgroup when investigating tetrodotoxin resistance in remoras, pufferfish, and related species, finding remoras (specifically Echeneis naucrates) had a resistance of 6.1–5.5×10−8 M.[10]

text: Use for fishing[edit]

text: Some cultures use remoras to catch turtles. A cord or rope is fastened to the remora's tail, and when a turtle is sighted, the fish is released from the boat; it usually heads directly for the turtle and fastens itself to the turtle's shell, and then both remora and turtle are hauled in. Smaller turtles can be pulled completely into the boat by this method, while larger ones are hauled within harpooning range. This practice has been reported throughout the Indian Ocean, especially from eastern Africa near Zanzibar and Mozambique,[11] and from northern Australia near Cape York and Torres Strait.[12][13]

text: Similar reports come from Japan and from the Americas. Some of the first records of the "fishing fish" in the Western literature come from the accounts of the second voyage of Christopher Columbus. However, Leo Wiener considers the Columbus accounts to be apocryphal: what was taken for accounts of the Americas may have been, in fact, notes Columbus derived from accounts of the East Indies, his desired destination.[14]

text: Mythology[edit]

text: In ancient times, the remora was believed to stop a ship from sailing. In Latin, remora means "delay", while the genus name Echeneis comes from Greek εχειν, echein ("to hold") and ναυς, naus ("a ship"). In a notable account by Pliny the Elder, the remora is blamed for the defeat of Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium and, indirectly, for the death of Caligula.[15] A modern version of the story is given by Jorge Luis Borges in Book of Imaginary Beings (1957).

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Live sharksucker, Echeneis naucrates

Common remora, Remora remora

Nurse shark with remoras attending

tag: ul

text: Timeline[edit]


document_title: Bill of Rights 1689

question_text: five provisions of the english bill of rights

text: Bill of Rights 1689

text: Background[edit]

text: During the 17th century, there was renewed interest in Magna Carta.[4] The Parliament of England passed the Petition of Right in 1628 which established certain liberties for subjects. The English Civil War (1642–1651) was fought between the King and an oligarchic but elected Parliament,[5][6] during which the idea of a political party took form with groups debating rights to political representation during the Putney Debates of 1647.[7] Subsequently, the Protectorate (1653-59) and the English Restoration (1660) restored more autocratic rule although Parliament passed the Habeas Corpus Act in 1679, which strengthened the convention that forbade detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence.

text: Glorious Revolution[edit]

text: Objecting to the policies of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland), a group of English Parliamentarians invited the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) to overthrow the King. William's successful invasion with a Dutch fleet and army led to James fleeing to France. In December 1688, William took over the provisional government by appointment of the peers of the realm, as was the legal right of the latter in circumstances when the King was incapacitated, and summoned an assembly of certain members of parliament. This assembly called for an English Convention Parliament to be elected, which convened on 22 January 1689.[8][9]

text: Declaration of Right[edit]

text: The proposal to draw up a statement of rights and liberties and James's violation of them was first made on 29 January 1689 in the House of Commons, with members arguing that the House "cannot answer it to the nation or Prince of Orange till we declare what are the rights invaded" and that William "cannot take it ill if we make conditions to secure ourselves for the future" in order to "do justice to those who sent us hither". On 2 February a committee specially convened reported to the Commons 23 Heads of Grievances, which the Commons approved and added some of their own. However, on 4 February the Commons decided to instruct the committee to differentiate between "such of the general heads, as are introductory of new laws, from those that are declaratory of ancient rights". On 7 February the Commons approved this revised Declaration of Right, and on 8 February instructed the committee to put into a single text the Declaration (with the heads which were "introductory of new laws" removed), the resolution of 28 January and the Lords' proposal for a revised oath of allegiance. It passed the Commons without division.[10]

text: On 13 February the clerk of the House of Lords read the Declaration of Right, and the Marquess of Halifax, in the name of all the estates of the realm, asked William and Mary to accept the throne. William replied for his wife and himself: "We thankfully accept what you have offered us". They then went in procession to the great gate at Whitehall. The Garter King at Arms proclaimed them King and Queen of England, France and Ireland, whereupon they adjourned to the Chapel Royal, with the Bishop of London preaching the sermon.[11] They were crowned on 11 April, swearing an oath to uphold the laws made by Parliament. The Coronation Oath Act 1688 had provided a new coronation oath, whereby the monarchs were to "solemnly promise and swear to govern the people of this kingdom of England, and the dominions thereunto belonging, according to the statutes in parliament agreed on, and the laws and customs of the same". They were also to maintain the laws of God, the true profession of the Gospel, and the Protestant Reformed faith established by law.[12] This replaced an oath which had deferred more to the monarch. The previous oath required the monarch to rule based on "the laws and customs... granted by the Kings of England".[13]

text: Provisions of the Act[edit]

text: The Declaration of Right was enacted in an Act of Parliament, the Bill of Rights 1689, which received the Royal Assent in December 1689.[14] The Act asserted "certain ancient rights and liberties" by declaring that:[15]

text:
the pretended power of suspending the laws and dispensing with[nb 2] laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal;
the commission for ecclesiastical causes is illegal;
levying taxes without grant of Parliament is illegal;
it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal;
keeping a standing army in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law;[nb 3]
Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law;
election of members of Parliament ought to be free;
the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament;
excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;
jurors in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders;
promises of fines and forfeitures before conviction are illegal and void;
for redress of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently.

text: The Act declared James' flight from England following the Glorious Revolution to be an abdication of the throne. It listed twelve of James's policies by which James designed to "endeavour to subvert and extirpate the protestant religion, and the laws and liberties of this kingdom".[16] These were:[17]

text:
by assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws and the execution of laws without consent of Parliament;
by prosecuting the Seven Bishops; by establishing of the court of commissioners for ecclesiastical causes;
by levying taxes for the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative as if the same was granted by Parliament;
by raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament;
by causing Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law;
by violating the freedom of election of members to serve in Parliament;
by prosecutions in the Court of King's Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in Parliament, and by divers other arbitrary and illegal courses;
by employing unqualified persons on juries in trials, and jurors in trials for high treason which were not freeholders;
by imposing excessive bail on persons committed in criminal cases against the laws made for the liberty of the subjects;
by imposing excessive fines and illegal and cruel punishments;
by making several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures before any conviction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied;
all which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm.

text: In a prelude to the Act of Settlement to come twelve years later, the Bill of Rights barred Roman Catholics from the throne of England as "it hath been found by experience that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a papist prince"; thus William III and Mary II were named as the successors of James II and that the throne would pass from them first to Mary's heirs, then to her sister, Princess Anne of Denmark and her heirs (and, thereafter, to any heirs of William by a later marriage).

text: Date and title[edit]

text: The Bill of Rights is commonly dated in legal contexts to 1688. This convention arises from the legal fiction (prior to the passage of the Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793) that an Act of Parliament came into force on the first day of the session in which it was passed. The Bill was therefore deemed to be effective from 13 February 1689 (New Style), or, under the Old Style calendar in use at the time, 13 February 1688. Under the Short Titles Act 1896, the Bill was given the official short title of "The Bill of Rights", without a calendar year suffix.[18]

text: Augmentation and effect[edit]

text: The Bill of Rights was later supplemented by the Act of Settlement 1701 (which was agreed to by the Parliament of Scotland as part of the Treaty of Union). The Act of Settlement altered the line of succession to the throne laid out in the Bill of Rights.[19] However, both the Bill of Rights and the Claim of Right contributed a great deal to the establishment of the concept of parliamentary sovereignty and the curtailment of the powers of the monarch.[20][21][22] Leading, ultimately, to the establishment of constitutional monarchy,[23] while also (along with the penal laws) settling the political and religious turmoil that had convulsed Scotland, England and Ireland in the 17th century.

text: The Bill of Rights (1689) reinforced the Petition of Right (1628) and the Habeas Corpus Act (1679) by codifying certain rights and liberties. Described by William Blackstone as Fundamental Laws of England, the rights expressed in these Acts became associated with the idea of the rights of Englishmen.[24]. The Bill of Rights directly influenced the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights,[nb 4] which in turn influenced the Declaration of Independence.[25]

text: Although not a comprehensive statement of civil and political liberties, the Bill of Rights stands as one of the landmark documents in the development of civil liberties in the United Kingdom and a model for later, more general, statements of rights;[13] these include the United States Bill of Rights, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights.[26][27] For example, as with the Bill of Rights 1689, the US Constitution prohibits excessive bail and "cruel and unusual punishment". Similarly, "cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment" is banned under Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

text: Legal status[edit]

text: The Bill of Rights remains in statute and continues to be cited in legal proceedings in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms, particularly Article 9 on parliamentary freedom of speech.[28][29] Following the Perth Agreement in 2011, legislation amending the Bill of Rights and the Act of Settlement 1701 came into effect across the Commonwealth realms on 26 March 2015 which changed the laws of succession to the British throne.[nb 5]

text: Part of the Bill of Rights remains in statute in the Republic of Ireland.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: The Bill of Rights applies in England and Wales; it was enacted in the Kingdom of England which at the time included Wales. Scotland has its own legislation, the Claim of Right Act 1689, passed before the Act of Union between England and Scotland. There are doubts as to whether, or to what extent, the Bill of Rights applies in Northern Ireland.[28][nb 6]

text: On 21 July 1995 a libel case brought by Neil Hamilton (then a member of parliament) against The Guardian was stopped after Justice May ruled that the Bill of Rights' prohibition on the courts' ability to question parliamentary proceedings would prevent The Guardian from obtaining a fair hearing. Section 13 of the Defamation Act 1996, was subsequently enacted to permit MPs to waive their parliamentary privilege and thus cite their own speeches if relevant to litigation.[32]

text: Following the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum in 2016, the Bill of Rights was quoted in a court ruling on a legal challenge seeking a judicial declaration that triggering EU exit must first be authorised by an act of Parliament.[33][34]

text: Australia[edit]

text: The ninth article, regarding parliamentary freedom of speech, is actively used in Australia.[28]

text: Canada[edit]

text: The article on parliamentary freedom of speech is in active use in Canada.[28]

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: The Bill of Rights was invoked in New Zealand in the 1976 case of Fitzgerald v Muldoon and Others,[35] which centred on the purporting of newly appointed Prime Minister Robert Muldoon that he would advise the Governor-General to abolish a superannuation scheme established by the New Zealand Superannuation Act, 1974, without new legislation. Muldoon felt that the dissolution would be immediate and he would later introduce a bill in parliament to retroactively make the abolition legal. This claim was challenged in court and the Chief Justice declared that Muldoon's actions were illegal as they had violated Article 1 of the Bill of Rights, which provides "that the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority ... is illegal."[36]

text: Republic of Ireland[edit]

text: The Act was retained in the Republic of Ireland although sections were repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 2007 section 2(2)(a),[37] and Part 2 of Schedule 1.[38] Section 2(3) of that Act repealed:

text:
all of the Preamble down to "Upon which Letters Elections having been accordingly made"
the seventh paragraph "Subjects’ Arms. That the Subjects which are Protestants may have Arms for their Defence suitable to their Conditions and as allowed by Law."
all words from "And they doe Claime Demand and Insist" down to, but not including, section 2, bars Roman Catholics from Crown or Government, succession et cetera.

text: Modern recognition[edit]

text: Two special designs of commemorative two pound coins were issued in the United Kingdom in 1989 to celebrate the tercentenary of the Glorious Revolution. One referred to the Bill of Rights and the other to the Claim of Right. Both depict the Royal Cypher of William and Mary and the mace of the House of Commons, one also shows a representation of the St Edward's Crown and the other the Crown of Scotland.[39]

text: In May 2011, the Bill of Rights was inscribed in UNESCO's UK Memory of the World Register recognizing that:[40]

text: All the main principles of the Bill of Rights are still in force today, and the Bill of Rights continues to be cited in legal cases in the UK and in Commonwealth countries. It has a primary place in a wider national historical narrative of documents which established the rights of Parliament and set out universal civil liberties, starting with Magna Carta in 1215. It also has international significance, as it was a model for the US Bill of Rights 1789, and its influence can be seen in other documents which establish rights of human beings, such as the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights.[26]

text: As part of the Parliament in the Making programme, the Bill of Rights was on display at the Houses of Parliament in February 2015 and at the British Library from March through September 2015.[41][42]


document_title: Where Do You Go To (My Lovely)?

question_text: who is the song where do you go to my lovely about

text: Where Do You Go To (My Lovely)?

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The song is about a fictional girl named Marie-Claire who grows up on the poverty-stricken backstreets of Naples, becomes a member of the jet set, and goes on to live in Paris. The lyrics describe her from the perspective of a childhood friend; it is left unclear whether they have remained close. The rhetorical question of the title suggests that her glamorous lifestyle might not have brought Marie-Claire happiness or contentment.

text: Even though Sarstedt himself was not French, the song benefited from the contemporary awareness in Britain of such French and Belgian singers as Serge Gainsbourg and Jacques Brel (Belgium-born of Flemish descent).

text: The lyrics contain a large number of contemporary and other references:

text:
Marlene Dietrich: German American actress and singer
Zizi Jeanmaire: French ballerina
Pierre Balmain: French designer of elegant fashions
Boulevard Saint-Michel: street in the Latin Quarter of Paris
The Rolling Stones: popular British rock and roll band
Sacha Distel: French singer and musician
Sorbonne: University of Paris
Picasso: Spanish pioneer of modern art
Juan-les-Pins: fashionable beach resort on the French Riviera
Topless swimsuit: first conceived by Austrian-American fashion designer Rudi Gernreich in 1964
Saint Moritz: fashionable ski resort in the Engadin, Swiss Alps
Napoleon brandy: a blended brandy in which the youngest brandy of the blend has been aged for at least six years
Aga Khan: world-travelling Islamic leader and racehorse owner

text: The version on the album Peter Sarstedt is longer than the radio edit version released as a single, having extra stanzas beginning "You go to the embassy parties..." and "You're in between twenty and thirty...".

text: Inspiration[edit]

text: It is often suspected that the name Marie-Claire is inspired by Marie Claire magazine, a women's fashion weekly that began in 1937 in France. One theory says that the song is about the Italian actress Sophia Loren, who was abandoned by her father and had a poverty-stricken life in Naples. Another theory has the song being inspired by Danish singer and actress Nina van Pallandt.

text: According to Alan Cooper, "Sarstedt insisted it was not written with actress Sophia Loren in mind. 'Yes, it's a portrait of a poor-born girl who becomes a member of the European jet-set. And yes, there's reference to her growing up on the 'back streets of Naples', so I can see why people may think it was written with Sophia Loren in mind. But that's just a coincidence. I really wasn't thinking of anyone specific.'"[5]

text: The song was written in Copenhagen.[6][7]

text: In 2009, Sarstedt spoke to a gossip columnist for the Daily Express. He admitted he had lied about the song being about a socialite who died in a fire. He said that the song was about his girlfriend at the time, whom he later married and then divorced. According to Mark Steyn, "Anita is now a dentist in Copenhagen. Peter Sarstedt has spent 40 years singing about wanting to look inside her head. And for most of that time Anita has made a living by looking inside yours."[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The song was a hit far exceeding Sarstedt's other work, although he is not a one-hit wonder. In 1998 he was earning £60,000 annually in royalties from it.[9]

text: DJ John Peel repeatedly stated that the song was one of his least favourites. On his show on BFBS radio on 1 July 1989, he said: 'It's a terrible, smug, self-satisfied, hideous record. Really have hated it ever since I first heard it'.[citation needed]

text: The song was used as a soundtrack in Wes Anderson's 2007 film The Darjeeling Limited, and in Jennifer Saunders' 2016 film Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie.

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In 1997 Sarstedt recorded a sequel, "The Last of the Breed (Lovely 2)" on his CD England's Lane.[10] This picks up the story of Marie Claire twenty years on, living now in London. It names more people and places, including Belgravia, Ballets Russes, Cape Town, Claridge's, Gstaad, John Galliano, Harrods, Jerusalem, Long Island, Milan, Rudolf Nureyev, Palm Beach, Rio de Janeiro, and Isabella Rossellini.[11] In recent years,[when?] Sarstedt and a co-writer were working on a further sequel, "Farewell Marie-Claire", in which the story was brought to a conclusion. The song was to feature the same waltz feel as the original. But Sarstedt's retirement from the music industry meant that the track was abandoned.[citation needed]


document_title: Sentence clause structure

question_text: when does a sentence become a run on

question_tokens: when does a sentence become a run on

text: Sentence clause structure

text: Types[edit]

text: A simple sentence consists of only one clause. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. A complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause.[1] A set of words with no independent clause may be an incomplete sentence, also called a sentence fragment.

text: A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clauses and at least two independent clauses may be called a complex-compound sentence or compound-complex sentence.

text: Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considered a coordinating conjunction in English, and sentence 3 is complex. Sentence 4 is compound-complex (also known as complex-compound). Example 5 is a sentence fragment.

text:
I like pumpkin pie.
I don't know how to bake, so I buy my bread.
I enjoyed the apple pie that you bought for me.
The dog lived in the garden, but the cat, who was smarter, lived inside the house.
What an idiot.

tag: ol

text: The simple sentence in example 1 contains one clause. Example 2 has two clauses (I don't know how to bake and I buy my bread), combined into a single sentence with the coordinating conjunction so. In example 3, I enjoyed the apple pie is an independent clause, and that you bought for me is a dependent clause; the sentence is thus complex. In sentence 4, The dog lived in the garden and the cat lived inside the house are both independent clauses; who was smarter is a dependent clause. Example 5 features a noun phrase but no verb. It is not a grammatically complete clause.

text: Simple sentences[edit]

text: A simple sentence structure contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses.[2]

text: I run.

text: This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, I, and one predicate, run.

text: The girl ran into her bedroom.

text: This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, girl, and one predicate, ran into her bedroom. The predicate is a verb phrase that consists of more than one word.

text: In the backyard, the dog barked and howled at the cat.

text: This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, dog, and one predicate, barked and howled at the cat. This predicate has two verbs, known as a compound predicate: barked and howled. This compound verb should not be confused with a compound sentence. In the backyard and at the cat are prepositional phrases.

text: Compound sentences[edit]

text: A compound sentence is composed of at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause. The clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (with or without a comma), a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences, or a conjunctive adverb preceded by a semicolon. A conjunction can be used to make a compound sentence. Conjunctions are words such as for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. Examples: He is going fishing on Friday is an independent clause. "He" is the subject, "is going" is the action, and a complete thought is expressed.

text: The coordinator "and" is used, and a comma is correctly used before the "and."http://www.yourdictionary.com/

text:
I started on time, but I arrived late.
I will accept your offer or decline it; these are the two options.
The law was passed: from April 1, all cars would have to be tested.
The war was lost; consequently, the whole country was occupied.

text: The use of a comma to separate two independent clauses without the addition of an appropriate conjunction is called a comma splice and is generally considered an error (when used in the English language).[2] Example:

text: The sun was shining, everyone appeared happy.

text: Complex and compound-complex sentences[edit]

text: A complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses). Since a dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence, complex sentences must also have at least one independent clause. In short, a sentence with one or more dependent clauses and at least one independent clause is a complex sentence. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clauses is called compound-complex or complex-compound.

text: In addition to a subject and a verb, dependent clauses contain a subordinating conjunction or similar word. There are a large number of subordinating conjunctions in English. Some of these give the clause an adverbial function, specifying time, place, or manner. Such clauses are called adverbial clauses.

text: When I stepped out into the bright sunlight, from the darkness of the movie house, I had only two things on my mind. (S. E. Hinton, The Outsiders)

text: This complex sentence contains an adverbial clause, When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house. The adverbial clause describes when the action of the main clause, I had only two things on my mind, took place.

text: A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase in the independent clause. In other words, the relative clause functions similar to an adjective.

text:
Let him who has been deceived complain. (Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote)
You, who have never known your family, see them standing around you. (J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone)

text: In the first example, the restrictive relative clause who has been deceived specifies or defines the meaning of him in the independent clause, Let him complain. In the second example, the non-restrictive relative clause who have never known your family describes you in the independent clause, You see them standing around you.

text: A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions like a noun. A noun clause may function as the subject of a clause, or as a predicate nominative or an object.

text: What she had realised was that love was that moment when your heart was about to burst. (Stieg Larsson, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo)

text: In this sentence the independent clause contains two noun clauses. The noun clause What she had realized serves as the subject of the verb was, and that love was that moment serves as complement. The sentence also contains an adverbial clause, when your heart was about to burst.

text: Incomplete sentence[edit]

text: An incomplete sentence, or sentence fragment, is a set of words which does not form a complete sentence, either because it does not express a complete thought[1] or because it lacks some grammatical element, such as a subject or a verb.[3] A dependent clause without an independent clause is one example of an incomplete sentence.

text: Some prescriptive grammars[4] consider sentences starting with a conjunction such as but or and to be incomplete sentences, but this style prescription has "no historical or grammatical foundation".[5] Computer grammar checkers often highlight incomplete sentences. If the context is clear from the rest of the paragraph, however, an incomplete sentence may be considered perfectly acceptable English.[6][unreliable source?]

text: Run-on (fused) sentences[edit]

text: A run-on or fused sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (i.e., clauses with subject and predicate) that are joined without any appropriate punctuation. An example of such a grammatically incorrect sentence could be, "It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark." Some common remedies would be to separate the two independent clauses (between "five" and "we") with either a period [...five. We...], a comma and conjunction (...five, and we...), or a semicolon (...five; we...). Joining the two independent clauses with only a comma is actually another common grammatical error, the comma splice. James Joyce's novel Ulysses employs streams of consciousness, which takes literary license by intentionally breaking this grammatical rule by use of long, punctuation-free, run-on sentences, particularly in the final chapter "Penelope".

text: In general, run-on sentences occur when two or more independent clauses are joined without using a coordinating conjunction (i.e. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or correct punctuation (i.e. semicolon, dash, or period),.[7][8][9] A run-on sentence can be as short as four words, for instance: I drive she walks., or even I drive, she walks, because in this case, there are two subjects paired with two intransitive verbs. An imperative sentence like "Run walk" can be a run-on even if it only has two words.

text: While some sources view comma splices as a form of run-on sentence,[8] others limit the term to independent clauses that are joined without punctuation.[7][10]


document_title: The Story of Joseph and His Brethren

question_text: where in the bible is joseph and his brothers

text: The Story of Joseph and His Brethren

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Joseph, son of Israel (Jacob) and Rachel, lived in the land of Canaan with eleven brothers and one sister. He was Rachel's firstborn and Israel's eleventh son. Of all the sons, Joseph was loved by his father the most. Israel even arrayed Joseph with a "long coat of many colors".[1] Israel's favoritism toward Joseph caused his half brothers to hate him, and when Joseph was seventeen years old he had two dreams that made his brothers plot his demise. In the first dream, Joseph and his brothers gathered bundles of grain. Then, all of the grain bundles that had been prepared by the brothers gathered around Joseph's bundle and bowed down to it. In the second dream, the sun (father), the moon (mother) and eleven stars (brothers) bowed down to Joseph himself. When he told these two dreams to his brothers, they despised him for the implications that the family would be bowing down to Joseph. They became jealous that their father would even ponder over Joseph's words concerning these dreams. (Genesis 37:1-11) They saw their chance when they were feeding the flocks, the brothers saw Joseph from afar and plotted to kill him. They turned on him and stripped him of the coat his father made for him, and threw him into a pit. As they pondered what to do with Joseph, the brothers saw a camel caravan of Ishmaelites coming out of Gilead, carrying spices and perfumes to Egypt, for trade. Judah, the strongest, thought twice about killing Joseph and proposed that he be sold. The traders paid twenty pieces of silver for Joseph, and the brothers took Joseph's coat back to Jacob, who was lied to and told that Joseph had been killed by wild animals.

text: Potiphar's house[edit]

text: The Biblical story is clear Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers led by Judah, "Come let us sell him to the Ishlamites" Genesis 37:27. In Egypt, Potiphar, the captain of Pharaoh's guard "bought Joseph from the Ishmaelites who had brought him down there." Genesis 39:1 [2] While serving in Potiphar's household, Yahweh was with Joseph so that he prospered in everything he did. Joseph found favor in the sight of Potiphar and so he became his personal servant. Then Joseph was promoted to oversee Potiphar's entire household as a superintendent. After some time, Potiphar's wife began to desire Joseph and sought to have an affair with him. Despite her persistence, he refused to have sex with her for fear of sinning against God. After some days of begging for him, she grabbed him by his cloak, but he escaped from her leaving his garment behind. Angered by his running away from her, she took his garment and made a false claim against him by charging that he tried have sex with her. This resulted in Joseph being thrown into prison.[3] (Genesis 39:1-20)

text: Joseph in prison[edit]

text: The warden put Joseph in charge of the other prisoners,[4] and soon afterward Pharaoh's chief cup bearer and chief baker, who had offended the Pharaoh, were thrown into the prison.[5] They both had dreams, and they asked Joseph to help interpret them. The chief cup bearer had held a vine in his hand, with three branches that brought forth grapes; he took them to Pharaoh and put them in his cup. The chief baker had three baskets of bread on his head, intended for Pharaoh, but some birds came along and ate the bread. Joseph told them that within three days the chief cup bearer would be reinstated but the chief baker would be hanged.[6] Joseph requested the cup bearer to mention him to Pharaoh and secure his release from prison,[7] but the cup bearer, reinstalled in office, forgot Joseph.[8] After Joseph was in prison for two more years, Pharaoh had two dreams which disturbed him. He dreamt of seven lean cows which rose out of the river and devoured seven fat cows; and, of seven withered ears of grain which devoured seven fat ears. Pharaoh's wise men were unable to interpret these dreams, but the chief cup bearer remembered Joseph and spoke of his skill to Pharaoh. Joseph was called for, and interpreted the dreams as foretelling that seven years of abundance would be followed by seven years of famine, and advised Pharaoh to store surplus grain during the years of abundance. When the famine came, it was so severe that people from surrounding nations "from all over the earth" came to Egypt to buy bread as this nation was the only Kingdom prepared for the seven-year drought.

text: Brothers sent to Egypt[edit]

text: In the second year of famine,[9] Joseph's half brothers were sent to Egypt, by their father Israel, to buy goods. When they came to Egypt, they stood before the Vizier but did not recognize him to be their brother Joseph. However, Joseph did recognize them and did not receive them kindly, rather he disguised himself and spoke to them in the Egyptian language using an interpreter. He did not speak at all to them in his native tongue, Hebrew.[10] After questioning them as to where they came from, he accused them of being spies. They pleaded with him that their only purpose was to buy grain for their family in the land of Canaan. After they mentioned that they had left a younger brother at home, the Vizier (Joseph) demanded that he be brought to Egypt as a demonstration of their veracity. This brother was Joseph's blood brother, Benjamin. He placed his brothers in prison for three days. On the third day, he brought them out of prison to reiterate that he wanted their youngest brother brought to Egypt to demonstrate their veracity. The brothers conferred amongst themselves speaking in Hebrew, reflecting on the wrong they had done to Joseph. Joseph understood what they were saying and removed himself from their presence because he was caught in emotion. Joseph sent the brothers back with food but kept one brother, and the remaining brothers returned to their father in Canaan, and told him all that had transpired in Egypt. They also discovered that all of their money sacks still had money in them, and they were dismayed. Then they informed their father that the Vizier demanded that Benjamin be brought before him to demonstrate that they were honest men.After they had consumed all of the grain that they brought back from Egypt, Israel told his sons to go back to Egypt for more grain. With Reuben and Judah's persistence, they persuaded their father to let Benjamin join them for fear of Egyptian retribution.Upon their return to Egypt, the brothers were afraid because of the returned money in their money sacks. Then when they get there Joseph reveals to them that he is in fact their brother, Joseph. Then has their father Jacob brought so they are all reunited in Egypt

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Geoffrey Horne as Joseph
Robert Morley as Potiphar
Belinda Lee as Henet
Vira Silenti as Asenath
Terence Hill as Benjamin
Carlo Giustini as Reuben
Finlay Currie as Jacob
Arturo Dominici as Rekmira
Robert Rietti as Pharaoh
Julian Brooks as Chief Baker
Mimo Billi as Chief Butler
Marietto as Benjamin as a Child
Marco Guglielmi as Judah
Dante DiPaolo as Simeon
Charles Borromel as Dan
Helmuth Schneider as Zebulon
Loris Bazzocchi as Issachar
Marin Marija as Asher
Nino Segurini as Gad
Tonko Sarcevic as Levi

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2010)


document_title: Saam Daam Dand Bhed (TV series)

question_text: saam daam dand bhed cast bulbul real name

text: Saam Daam Dand Bhed (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The story revolves around Vijay Namdhari and his political journey, where the lust for power tests the bonds of love, family and friendship.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Bhanu Uday[3][4] as Vijay Namdhari, Anant's best friend, Bulbul's husband and Mandira's love interest
Varun Toorkey as Anant Singh Baghel, Vijay's best friend and King of Kaushalpur
Sonal Vengurlekar[5] as Mandira Singh Rajput, CM's daughter, Anant's ex-wife and Vijay's ex-girlfriend
Aishwarya Khare as Bulbul Namdhari, Vijay's wife

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Perneet Chauhan as Tejaswini Singh Baghel, Anant's elder sister
Gireesh Sahedev as Pankaj Chaudhary, Vijay's rival, CM's cousin and Mandira's uncle
Aaloak Kapoor as Raghav ji, Manipulator Politician
Pradeep Shukla as Raguvansh Singh Rajput, aka Baba (Chief Minister aka CM)
Akshay Anand as Prabhat Namdhari, Vijay's elder brother
Eva Ahuja as Sadhna Namdhari, Prabhat's wife
Aakarshan Singh as Agastya Namdhari, Vijay's younger brother
Niel Satpuda as Angad Namdhari, Vijay's Nephew
Afia Tayebali as Vasundra Namdhari, Vijay's Niece
Adish Vaidya (2018)/ Devesh Sharma (2018-) as Yug, Vasu's Husband


document_title: All Eyez on Me (film)

question_text: who played dre in all eyez on me

question_tokens: who played dre in all eyez on me

text: All Eyez on Me (film)

text: Plot

text: At the Clinton Correctional Facility in 1995, a documentary filmmaker arrives to interview Tupac Shakur. In flashback to 1971, Tupac's mother, Afeni Shakur and other Black Panther Party members are released from prison following acquittal. From an early age, Tupac, instilled with black pride, witnesses multiple injustices in his neighborhood. His stepfather, Mutulu, a revolutionary, is caught by the FBI for an armored-truck robbery and murder. As Tupac gets older, he distances himself from his mother's revolutionary ideals. He attends the Baltimore School for the Arts, where he becomes friends with Jada Pinkett.

text: Tupac's music career begins when he joins Digital Underground for their hit "Same Song". Under manager Leila Steinberg, he begins to have hip-hop albums produced. Although his music becomes popular, some songs' controversial lyrics cause tensions between him and his record producers. Tupac begins acting in movies such as Juice, as well as collaborating with performers including Biggie Smalls. He generates both praise and controversy.

text: Tupac finds himself beaten by police officers over jaywalking. Another time, after he and a friend intervene when two white off-duty officers men assault a black man, Tupac is arrested for shooting at the cops. Tupac develops a contentious relationship with drug dealer and music partner Nigel. In 1993, Tupac goes on trial for rape and harassment charges. On November 30, 1994, he is attacked by three men in the lobby of Quad Recording Studios, is shot five times before the men flee, and is hospitalized. The following day, Tupac is found not guilty of rape, but found guilty of illegal touching, and sentenced to eighteen months in prison.

text: While in prison, Tupac hears Biggie's song "Who Shot Ya?", and interprets it as a diss track bragging about Biggie's alleged involvement in his shooting. Tupac, who is assaulted by two guards while in prison, eventually is released and signs to Death Row Records under Suge Knight. Tupac and label-mate Dr. Dre work on the hit song "California Love". He releases the track "Hit Em Up" as a response to "Who Shot Ya?" in which Tupac brags about supposedly having an affair with Biggie's wife Faith Evans. Tupac parts ways with Death Row to launch his own company. Later, Suge offers Tupac a chance to become partners, and Tupac agrees to head Death Row's East Coast operations.

text: On September 7, 1996, Tupac, Suge, and others are leaving the Mike Tyson vs. Bruce Seldon boxing match at the MGM Grand Las Vegas. They confront the gang member who had jumped a friend, and Tupac knocks him to the ground, leading to a free-for-all. Tupac stops by his hotel to change clothes, and tells Kidada he will return in an hour. With Suge in his car, Tupac is at the intersection of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane when a Cadillac pulls alongside Tupac's BMW and shoots Tupac multiple times before fleeing the scene. Onscreen text states that Tupac died six days later at age 25. His murder remains unsolved.

text: Cast

text:
Demetrius Shipp Jr. as Tupac Shakur[5][6]
Danai Gurira as Afeni Shakur,[7] Tupac’s mother, a political activist and member of the Black Panther Party.
Lauren Cohan as Leila Steinberg,[8] Tupac’s mentor.
Jamie Hector as Mutulu Shakur,[9] Tupac’s stepfather.
Annie Ilonzeh as Kidada Jones,[10] engaged to Tupac at the time of his death.
Jamal Woolard as The Notorious B.I.G.,[5][6] Tupac’s friend turned rival.
Kat Graham as Jada Pinkett,[11] a friend of Tupac from the Baltimore School for the Arts.
Dominic L. Santana as Suge Knight,[12] a record producer.
Grace Gibson as Faith Evans,[13] Biggie Smalls’s wife and singer.
Lian Amado as Angie Martinez, radio personality, rapper, and actress.
Stefon Washington as Puff Daddy
Chris Clarke as Shock G,[14][15] the lead vocalist for the hip hop group Digital Underground.
Money-B as himself,[16] member of Digital Underground.
Clifton Powell as Floyd,[17] inmate at Clinton Correctional Facility.
Johnell Young as Ray Luv,[17] Tupac’s friend.
Jermel Howard as Mopreme Shakur
Azad Arnaud as Daz Dillinger
Jarrett Ellis as Snoop Dogg[18]
Keith Robinson as Atron Gregory,[19] TNT Records founder.
Rayan Lawrence as Treach[20]
James Hatter III as Yaki Kadafi
Jermaine Carter as Hussein Fatal
E.D.I. Mean as himself
Young Noble as himself
DeRay Davis as Legs
Harold House Moore as Dr. Dre
Hill Harper as Journalist[21]
Cory Hardrict as Nigel aka Haitian Jack[22]
Phil Armijo as Johnny "J"
Deshawn Wayne as Frank Alexander

text: Production

text: Development

text: On February 10, 2011, it was announced that Morgan Creek Productions was developing, and would finance and produce, Tupac, a biographical film about rap legend Tupac Shakur, which would follow his entire life, from growing up in East Harlem to becoming a legendary songwriter and hip-hop artist, to his death in Las Vegas at the age of 25.[23] Antoine Fuqua was attached as the director of the film, and the script was written by Steven Bagatourian, Stephen J. Rivele, and Christopher Wilkinson.[23] James G. Robinson and David C. Robinson were set to produce the film, along with Program Pictures' L.T. Hutton, and Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur was set as executive producer, with production initially scheduled to begin that summer. On September 19, 2013, Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films came on board to co-finance and co-produce the $45 million-budgeted film, along with Morgan Creek.[24][24] On February 12, 2014, John Singleton signed on to rewrite, direct and produce the film,[25] and on April 16, 2014, Open Road Films acquired the United States distribution rights.[26] Ed Gonzalez, Jeremy Haft, and Singleton wrote the then-latest draft of the script.[26] On April 7, 2015, it was revealed that Singleton had exited the film due to major creative differences, while Carl Franklin was being eyed to direct instead.[27] On October 28, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Emmett/Furla/Oasis had sued Morgan Creek over $10 million for breaking the companies' co-production agreement, signed in September 2013.[28] In the agreement, terms included not raising the production budget above $30 million, mutual approval for the lead actor's selection, a filming schedule, and agreements on distribution and sales.[28] Randall Emmett and George Furla also stated that they had all first signed a distribution deal with Open Road, which Morgan Creek rejected, and that Morgan Creek had inked a new deal with Open Road without mutual approval.[28]

text: Casting

text: On November 30, 2015, it was reported that music director Benny Boom would direct the film, replacing Franklin.[29] In early December 2015, the film's title was confirmed to be All Eyez On Me.[30] Newcomer Demetrius Shipp, Jr. was set to play Tupac. Jamal Woolard joined the film to play The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac's friend turned rival, reprising his starring role in the 2009 film Notorious.[5][6] On January 11, 2016, Danai Gurira was added to the film's cast to play Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur, a political activist and member of the Black Panther Party.[7] Variety reported the next day that Kat Graham had signed on to play Jada Pinkett, a friend of Tupac from the Baltimore School for the Arts.[11] It was later revealed that Dominic L. Santana had been cast as record producer Suge Knight.[12]

text: On January 13, Jamie Hector signed on to play Mutulu Shakur, Tupac's stepfather.[9] On January 15, Lauren Cohan joined the cast to play Leila Steinberg, a key figure in Tupac's life, as his mentor.[8] Money B appeared in the film as himself, Tupac's coworker at Digital Underground,[16] while Clifton Powell was cast as Floyd, an inmate at the Clinton Correctional Facility, and Johnell Young as Tupac's close friend Ray Luv.[17] On January 19, TheWrap reported that Grace Gibson had been cast to play Biggie Smalls' wife, Faith Evans,[13] and on January 22, 2016, Keith Robinson was cast as Atron Gregory, a TNT Records founder, who first helped Tupac become a dancer and a solo artist.[19] Annie Ilonzeh was added to the cast in February 2016 to play Kidada Jones, who was engaged to Tupac at the time of his death.[10]

text: Filming

text: Principal photography on the film began in mid-December 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.[5][6][31] Filming wrapped on April 12, 2016, in Las Vegas, Nevada.[32][33]

text: Marketing

text: On June 16, 2016, on what would have been Shakur's 45th birthday, a teaser trailer for the film was released,[34] and a second trailer premiered on September 13, 2016, the 20th anniversary of Shakur's death.[35] The film's release date was set as June 16, 2017. On February 10, 2017, a third teaser trailer was released, confirming Summit, Morgan Creek, Program Pictures, and Codeblack Films as producers and distributors.[36] On April 6, 2017, a fourth trailer was released.

text: No official soundtrack album was released to accompany the film.

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: All Eyez on Me grossed $44.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $10 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $54.8 million, against a production budget of $40 million.[3]

text: In North America, All Eyez on Me was released on June 16, 2017, alongside Rough Night, 47 Meters Down and Cars 3, and was projected to gross $17–20 million from 2,471 theatres in its opening weekend.[37] It took in $12.8 million on Friday (including $3.1 million from Thursday night previews), increasing weekend estimates to $31 million. It ended up debuting to $26.4 million, finishing 3rd at the box office, behind Cars 3 ($53.7 million) and Wonder Woman ($41.3 million). Deadline.com attributed the film's success to the release corresponding with Tupac's birthday, as well as to audience interest in the subject matter, following the success of rap biopic Straight Outta Compton in 2015; 47% of the opening weekend audience was black, 25% Hispanic, and 19% white.[2]

text: Despite its opening weekend success, the film declined 78% to $5.8 million in its second weekend, the 16th largest such decline in history.[38] In its third weekend, the film, which had dropped down to 1,258 theatres, declined another 68.6% to $1.8 million, finishing 11th at the box office.[39]

text: Critical response

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 17%, based on 81 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Despite Demetrius Shipp Jr.'s fine lead performance, All Eyez on Me is mostly a surface-skimming, by-the-numbers biopic of a larger-than-life icon."[40] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 38 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews."[41] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, and comScore reported an 82% overall positive score.[2]

text: Glenn Kenny of The New York Times gave the film a negative review, saying: "Almost all the dialogue is that flat-footed. It’s a stark contrast to the almost always vivid power of Shakur’s own words, which could be profoundly empathetic and pettily profane."[42] Owen Gleiberman of Variety wrote: "Comprehensive but sketchy, richly atmospheric but often under-dramatized, it is not, in the end, a very good movie (there are a few scenes, like Tupac’s initial meeting with Ted Field of Interscope Records, that are embarrassingly bad). Yet it’s highly worth seeing because in its volatility and hunger, and the desperation of its violence, it captures something about the space in which Tupac Shakur lived: a place that wanted to be all about pride and power, but was really about flying over the abyss."[43]

text: Historical accuracy

text: On her Twitter account, Jada Pinkett Smith stated that the film contained inaccuracies about her relationship with Tupac, and why he left for Los Angeles. Smith specified that Tupac never read the poem he read to her character in the film, and that she had no knowledge that it even existed until it was published in his book. She also stated that she never attended one of Tupac's shows at his request, and that there was no backstage argument. She did, however, praise the performances of Shipp and Graham.[44] Both Sean Combs and Suge Knight gave blessings to the film, praising their respective portrayals.[45]


document_title: List of India Twenty20 International cricket records

question_text: which nation india never beat in t20 international

text: Listing Criteria[edit]

text: In general the top five are listed in each category (except when there is a tie for the last place among the five, when all the tied record holders are noted).

text: Listing Notation[edit]

text: Team Notation

text: (300–3) indicates that a team scored 300 runs for

text: three wickets and the innings was closed, either due to a successful run chase or if no overs remained (or are able) to be bowled.

text: (300) indicates that a team scored 300 runs and was all out, either by losing all ten wickets or by having one or more [[batsman

text: (cricket)|batsmen]] unable to bat and losing the remaining wickets.

text: Batting Notation

text: (100) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was [[dismissal

text: (cricket)|out]].

text: (100*) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was not out.

text: Bowling Notation

text: (5–25) indicates that a bowler has captured 5 wickets while giving

text: away 25 runs.

text: Currently playing

text: Record holders who are currently playing ODIs (i.e. their record

text: details listed could change) are shown in bold.

text: Team records[edit]

text: Team wins, losses, and ties[edit]

text: Matches played (total)[edit]

text:
Team
Matches
Won
Lost
Tie+W
Tie+L
No Result
% Won

 India
88
52
33
1
0
2
61.04

Note: Tie+W and Tie+L indicates matches tied and then won or lost in a tiebreaker such as a bowlout or one-over-eliminator ("Super Over")
The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties (irrespective of a tiebreaker) as half a win.
Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017.

text: Matches played (by country)[edit]

text:
Opponent
Matches
Won
Lost
Tie+Win
Tie+Loss
No Result
% Won
First
Last

ICC Full Members

 Afghanistan
2
2
0
0
0
0
100.00
2010
2012

 Australia
15
10
5
0
0
0
66.66
2007
2017

 Bangladesh
5
5
0
0
0
0
100.00
2009
2016

 England
11
5
6
0
0
0
45.45
2007
2017

 Ireland
1
1
0
0
0
0
100.00
2009
2009

 New Zealand
8
2
6
0
0
0
25.00
2007
2017

 Pakistan
8
6
1
1
0
0
81.25
2007
2016

 South Africa
10
6
4
0
0
0
60.00
2006
2015

 Sri Lanka
11
7
4
0
0
0
63.63
2009
2017

 West Indies
8
2
5
0
0
1
28.57
2009
2017

 Zimbabwe
7
5
2
0
0
0
71.42
2010
2016

ICC Associate members

 Scotland
1
0
0
0
0
1
–
2007
2007

 United Arab Emirates
1
1
0
0
0
0
100.00
2016
2016

Total
88
52
33
1
0
2
61.04
2006
2017

Statistics are correct as of  India v  New Zealand at Greenfield International Stadium, Thiruvanathapuram, 7 November 2017.[1][2]

v
t
e

text: Team scoring records[edit]

text: Highest innings totals[edit]

text:
Score
Opposition
Venue
Highest Run Scorer
Date
Scorecard

244-4 (20.0 overs)
 West Indies
Lauderhill
Lokesh Rahul (110* from 51)
27 August 2016
Scorecard

218–4 (20.0 overs)
 England
Durban
Virender Sehwag (68 from 52)
19 September 2007
Scorecard

211–4 (19.1 overs)
 Sri Lanka
Mohali
Virender Sehwag (64 from 36)
12 December 2009
Scorecard

202–4 (19.4 overs)
 Australia
Rajkot
Yuvraj Singh (77* from 35)
10 October 2013
Scorecard

202–3 (20.0 overs)
 New Zealand
Delhi
Shikhar Dhawan (80 from 52)
1 November 2017
[1]

Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 October 2017.

text: Highest match aggregate[edit]

text:
Score
Teams
Venue
Date

10/489 (40 overs)
 India (4/244) v  West Indies (6/245)
Lauderhill, Florida
27 August 2016

10/418 (40 overs)
 England (6/200) v  India (4/218)
Durban
19 September 2007

11/417 (39.1 overs)
 India (4/211) v  Sri Lanka (7/206)
Mohali
12 December 2009

11/403 (39.4 overs)
 India (4/202) v  Australia (7/201)
Rajkot
10 October 2013

14/401 (40 overs)
 India (9/186) v  Sri Lanka (5/215)
Nagpur
9 December 2009

Source: Cricinfo. Last updated:26 January 2017

text: Lowest innings totals[edit]

text:
Score
Opposition
Venue
Date
Scorecard

74 (17.3 overs)
 Australia
Melbourne
01 February 2008
Scorecard

79 (18.1 overs)
 New Zealand
Nagpur
15 March 2016
Scorecard

92 (17.2 overs)
 South Africa
Cuttack
05 October 2015
Scorecard

101 (18.5 overs)
 Sri Lanka
Pune
09 February 2016
Scorecard

118/8 (20 overs)
 South Africa
Nottingham
16 June 2009
Scorecard

118 (20.0 overs)
 Australia
Guwahati
10 October 2017
Scorecard

Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 10 October 2017.

text: Individual records[edit]

text: Individual records (batting)[edit]

text: Most career runs[edit]

text:
Runs
Batsman
Matches
Innings
Average
ODI Career Span

1,956
Virat Kohli
55
51
52.86
2010–present

1,485
Rohit Sharma
68
61
30.30
2007–present

1,307
Suresh Raina
65
55
29.70
2006–present

1,281
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
83
72
35.58
2006–present

1,177
Yuvraj Singh
58
51
28.02
2007–present

Source:Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017.

text: Most runs in each batting position[edit]

text:
Batting Position
Batsman
Innings
Runs
Average
ODI Career Span

Opener
Rohit Sharma
38
1,085
31.00
2007–present

Number 3
Virat Kohli
40
1,618
57.79
2010–present

Number 4
Yuvraj Singh
30
791
31.64
2007–present

Number 5
Yuvraj Singh
18
358
23.87
2007–present

Number 6
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
27
510
34.00
2006–present

Number 7
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
9
116
38.67
2006–present

Number 8
Ravichandran Ashwin
6
49
24.50
2010–present

Number 9
Ravichandran Ashwin
4
57
28.50
2010–present

Number 10
Shanthakumaran Sreesanth
3
20
20.00
2006–2008

Number 11
Ishant Sharma
2
8
8.00
2008–present

Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017

text: Highest individual score[edit]

text:
Runs
Batsman
Opposition
Venue
Year

110*
KL Rahul
 West Indies
Lauderhill
2016

106
Rohit Sharma
 South Africa
Dharamsala
2015

101
Suresh Raina
 South Africa
St. Lucia
2010

90*
Virat Kohli
 Australia
Adelaide
2016

89*
Virat Kohli
 West Indies
Mumbai
2016

83
Rohit Sharma
 Bangladesh
Dhaka
2016

Source: [2]. Last updated: 1 April 2016

text: Highest career strike rate[edit]

text:
Strike Rate
Batsman
Career Runs
Balls Faced
T20 Career Span

145.38
Virender Sehwag
394
271
2006–2012

137.84
Virat Kohli
1,956
1,419
2010–present

136.38
Yuvraj Singh
1,177
863
2007–present

132.96
Suresh Raina
1,307
983
2006–present

129.92
Rohit Sharma
1,485
1,143
2007–present

Qualification: 250 balls faced.
Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017.

text: Most career sixes[edit]

text:
Sixes
Batsman
Innings
Career Runs
T20 Career Span

74
Yuvraj Singh
51
1,177
2007–present

56
Rohit Sharma
61
1,485
2007–present

47
Suresh Raina
55
1,307
2006–present

40
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
72
1,281
2006–present

40
Virat Kohli
51
1,956
2010–present

Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017.

text: Most fifties and over[edit]

text:
50+s
Batsman
Innings
T20I career span

17
Virat Kohli
40
2010–present

11
Rohit Sharma
50
2007–present

8
Yuvraj Singh
46
2007–present

7
Gautam Gambhir
36
2007–2012

4
Suresh Raina
50
2006–present

Source: [3] Last updated: 29 March 2016

text: Most Centuries[edit]

text:
100s
Batsman
Innings
T20I career span

1
Suresh Raina
48
2006–present

1
Rohit Sharma
48
2007–present

1
KL Rahul
5
2016–present

Source: [4]. Last updated: 7 March 2016.

text: Individual records (bowling)[edit]

text: Best figures in a match[edit]

text:
Figures
Bowler
Opposition
Venue
Date

6-25
Y Chahal
 England
Bengaluru
1 February 2017

4–8
Ravichandran Ashwin
 Sri Lanka
Visakhapatnam
14 February 2016

4–11
Ravichandran Ashwin
 Australia
Dhaka
30 March 2014

4–12
Harbhajan Singh
 England
Colombo
23 September 2012

4–13
RP Singh
 South Africa
Durban
20 September 2007

4–19
Zaheer Khan
 Ireland
Nottingham
10 June 2009

Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 01 February 2017

text: Most career wickets[edit]

text:
Wickets
Bowler
Innings
Bowling Average
T20 Career Span

52
Ravichandran Ashwin
46
22.94
2010–present

40
Jasprit Bumrah
30
18.40
2016–present

34
Ashish Nehra
27
22.29
2009–2017

31
Ravindra Jadeja
40
31.70
2009–present

28
Yuvraj Singh
31
17.82
2007–present

Irfan Pathan
23
22.07
2006–2012

Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017.

text: Best career averages[edit]

text:
Average
Bowler
Matches
Wickets
T20 Career Span

13.20
Pragyan Ojha
6
10
2009–2010

14.41
Ashok Dinda
9
17
2009–2012

15.00
Amit Mishra
10
16
2010–present

Rudra Pratap Singh
10
15
2007–2009

17.82
Yuvraj Singh
58
28
2007–present

Qualification: 20 overs bowled.
Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017.

text: Best economy rates[edit]

text:
Economy Rate
Bowler
Matches
Overs Bowled
T20 Career Span

6.20
Harbhajan Singh
28
102.0
2006–2016

6.28
Pragyan Ojha
6
21.0
2009–2010

6.31
Amit Mishra
10
38.0
2010–present

6.55
Axar Patel
10
38.0
2015–present

6.56
Piyush Chawla
7
23.0
2010–2012

Qualification: 20 overs bowled.
Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017.

text: Individual records (wicket-keeping)[edit]

text: Most dismissals in career[edit]

text:
Dismissals
Wicket-Keeper
Catches
Stumpings
Innings
ODI Career Span

70
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
45
25
82
2006–present

2
Dinesh Karthik
0
2
1#
2006–present

1
Parthiv Patel
1
0
1
2011–2011

1
Robin Uthappa
1
0
2
2007–2015

0
Naman Ojha
0
0
2
2010–2010

# Dinesh Karthik shared keeping with Mahendra Singh Dhoni in one match.
Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 07 November 2017.

text: Partnership records[edit]

text: Highest partnerships (by runs)[edit]

text:
Runs
Partnership
Players
Opposition
Venue
Date
Scorecard

158
1st wicket
Rohit Sharma & Shikhar Dhawan
 New Zealand
Delhi
01 November 2017
Scorecard

138
2nd wicket
Rohit Sharma & Virat Kohli
 South Africa
Dharamshala
02 October 2015
Scorecard

136
1st wicket
Gautam Gambhir & Virender Sehwag
 England
Durban
19 September 2007
Scorecard

134
3rd wicket
Virat Kohli & Suresh Raina
 Australia
Adelaide
26 January 2016
Scorecard

119
3rd wicket
Virat Kohli & Manish Pandey
 Sri Lanka
Colombo
06 September 2017
Scorecard

Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 09 November 2017.


document_title: List of current longest ruling non-royal national leaders

question_text: who is the longest serving president in the world

text: This list of current longest ruling non-royal national leaders is a list of the current living longest ruling heads of nation-states or national governments, who are not royalty, and have served ten years or longer, sorted by length of tenure.

text: The individuals on the list are not always the most powerful figure in their country's national government. Some are or have been at one time the most powerful figure in their country's national government but not necessarily continuously throughout the listed timespan. Some of them have held more than one national leadership level office: presidency, prime minister-ship, or some other title implying or widely believed to confer national leadership. When more than one such office exists in a country, there may be uncertainty as to which member of the national government actually has the ultimate power. Therefore, this list combines all national level offices held concurrently or consecutively by each individual leader.

text:
Rank
Image
Name
Country
Office
Tenure began
Length of tenure

1.

Paul Biya
 Cameroon
Prime Minister, then President[1]
30 June 1975
7004154640000000000♠42 years, 123 days

2.

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
 Equatorial Guinea
President[2]
3 August 1979
7004139690000000000♠38 years, 89 days

3.

Robert Mugabe
 Zimbabwe
Prime Minister, then President[3]
18 April 1980
7004137100000000000♠37 years, 196 days

4.

Ali Khamenei
 Iran
President, then Supreme Leader[4]
13 October 1981
7004131670000000000♠36 years, 18 days

5.

Nursultan Nazarbayev
 Kazakhstan
Prime Minister, then First Secretary,
then President[5]
22 March 1984
7004122760000000000♠33 years, 223 days

6.

Denis Sassou Nguesso
 Republic of the Congo
President[6]
8 February 1979 – 31 August 1992 (1st time)
25 October 1997 – present (2nd time)
7004122640000000000♠33 years, 211 days

7.

Hun Sen
 Cambodia
Prime Minister[7]
14 January 1985
7004119780000000000♠32 years, 290 days

8.

Yoweri Museveni
 Uganda
President
26 January 1986
7004116010000000000♠31 years, 278 days

9.

Omar al-Bashir
 Sudan
President[8]
30 June 1989
7004103500000000000♠28 years, 123 days

10.

Idriss Déby
 Chad
President[9]
2 December 1990
7003983000000000000♠26 years, 333 days

11.

Isaias Afwerki
 Eritrea
President[10]
27 April 1991
7003968400000000000♠26 years, 187 days

12.

Emomali Rahmon
 Tajikistan
Acting Head of State,
then President[11]
19 November 1992
7003911200000000000♠24 years, 346 days

13.

Paul Kagame
 Rwanda
Vice-President, then President[12]
19 July 1994
7003850500000000000♠23 years, 104 days

14.

Alexander Lukashenko
 Belarus
President
20 July 1994
7003850400000000000♠23 years, 103 days

15.

Artur Rasizade
 Azerbaijan
Prime Minister[13]
20 July 1996 – 4 August 2003 (1st time)
6 August 2003 – present (2nd time)
7003777100000000000♠21 years, 101 days

16.

Daniel Ortega
 Nicaragua
Acting Head of State,
then President[14]
4 March 1981 – 25 April 1990 (1st time)
10 January 2007 – present (2nd time)
7003728600000000000♠19 years, 346 days

17.

Kim Yong-nam
 North Korea
President of the Presidium of the
Supreme People's Assembly[15]
5 September 1998
7003699600000000000♠19 years, 56 days

18.

Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi
 Samoa
Prime Minister
23 November 1998
7003691700000000000♠18 years, 342 days

19.

Abdelaziz Bouteflika
 Algeria
President
27 April 1999
7003676200000000000♠18 years, 187 days

20.

Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
 Djibouti
President
8 May 1999
7003675100000000000♠18 years, 176 days

21.

Vladimir Putin
 Russia
Prime Minister, then President[16]
9 August 1999
7003665800000000000♠18 years, 83 days

22.

Keith Mitchell
 Grenada
Prime Minister
22 June 1995 – 9 July 2008 (1st time)
20 February 2013 – present (2nd time)
7003648000000000000♠17 years, 270 days

23.

Hage Geingob
 Namibia
Prime Minister, then President[17]
21 March 1990 – 28 August 2002 (1st time)
4 December 2012 – present (2nd time)
7003633500000000000♠17 years, 126 days

24.

Bashar al-Assad
 Syria
President
17 July 2000
7003631500000000000♠17 years, 106 days

25.

Joseph Kabila
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
President
17 January 2001
7003613100000000000♠16 years, 287 days

26.

Ralph Gonsalves
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Prime Minister
29 March 2001
7003606000000000000♠16 years, 216 days

27.

Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
 Swaziland
Prime Minister
26 July 1996 – 29 September 2003 (1st time)
23 October 2008 – present (2nd time)
7003591600000000000♠16 years, 72 days

28.

Dési Bouterse
 Suriname
De Facto Head of State,
then President[18]
25 February 1980 – 25 January 1988 (1st time)
12 August 2010 – present (2nd time)
7003552800000000000♠15 years, 49 days

29.

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
 Turkey
Prime Minister, then President[19]
14 March 2003
7003534500000000000♠14 years, 231 days

30.

Filip Vujanović
 Montenegro
President[20]
22 May 2003
7003527600000000000♠14 years, 162 days

31.

Ilham Aliyev
 Azerbaijan
Prime Minister, then President[21]
4 August 2003
7003520200000000000♠14 years, 88 days

32.

Abdelkader Taleb Omar
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Prime Minister
29 October 2003
7003511600000000000♠14 years, 2 days

33.

Shavkat Mirziyoyev
 Uzbekistan
Prime Minister, then President[22]
12 December 2003
7003507200000000000♠13 years, 323 days

34.

Sheikh Hasina
 Bangladesh
Prime Minister
23 June 1996 – 15 July 2001 (1st time)
6 January 2009 – present (2nd time)
7003506900000000000♠13 years, 320 days

35.

Roosevelt Skerrit
 Dominica
Prime Minister
8 January 2004
7003504500000000000♠13 years, 296 days

36.

Mahmoud Abbas
 Palestine
Prime Minister, then President[23]
19 March 2003 – 6 September 2003 (1st time)
15 January 2005 – present (2nd time)
7003484300000000000♠13 years, 95 days

37.

Lee Hsien Loong
 Singapore
Prime Minister
12 August 2004
7003482800000000000♠13 years, 80 days

38.

Tommy Remengesau
 Palau
President
1 January 2001 – 15 January 2009 (1st time)
17 January 2013 – present (2nd time)
7003468400000000000♠12 years, 301 days

39.

Faure Gnassingbé
 Togo
President[24]
5 February 2005 – 25 February 2005 (1st time)
4 May 2005 – present (2nd time)
7003458300000000000♠12 years, 200 days

40.

Salva Kiir Mayardit
 South Sudan
President[25]
30 July 2005
7003447600000000000♠12 years, 93 days

41.

Pierre Nkurunziza
 Burundi
President
26 August 2005
7003444900000000000♠12 years, 66 days

42.

Angela Merkel
 Germany
Federal Chancellor
22 November 2005
7003436100000000000♠11 years, 343 days

43.

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
 Liberia
President
16 January 2006
7003430600000000000♠11 years, 288 days

44.

Evo Morales
 Bolivia
President
22 January 2006
7003430000000000000♠11 years, 282 days

45.

Benjamin Netanyahu
 Israel
Prime Minister
18 June 1996 – 6 July 1999 (1st time)
31 March 2009 – present (2nd time)
7003424900000000000♠11 years, 231 days

46.

Viktor Orbán
 Hungary
Prime Minister
6 July 1998 – 27 May 2002 (1st time)
29 May 2010 – present (2nd time)
7003413300000000000♠11 years, 115 days

47.

Raúl Castro
 Cuba
First Secretary, President
and Prime Minister[26]
31 July 2006
7003411000000000000♠11 years, 92 days

48.

Doris Leuthard
  Switzerland
Federal Council Member,
currently President[27]
1 August 2006
7003410900000000000♠11 years, 91 days

49.

Frank Bainimarama
 Fiji
Acting Head of State,
then Prime Minister[28]
29 May 2000 – 13 July 2000 (1st time)
5 December 2006 – present (2nd time)
7003402800000000000♠11 years, 10 days

50.

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
 Turkmenistan
President[29]
21 December 2006
7003396700000000000♠10 years, 314 days

51.

Serzh Sargsyan
 Armenia
Prime Minister, then President[30]
25 March 2007
7003387300000000000♠10 years, 220 days

52.

Ahmed Ouyahia
 Algeria
Prime Minister
31 December 1995 – 15 December 1998 (1st time)
5 May 2003 – 24 May 2006 (2nd time)
23 June 2008 – 3 September 2012 (3rd time)
16 August 2017 – present (4th time)
7003380400000000000♠10 years, 151 days

53.

Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
 Mali
Prime Minister, then President[31]
4 February 1994 – 15 February 2000 (1st time)
4 September 2013 – present (2nd time)
7003372100000000000♠10 years, 68 days

54.

Bako Sahakyan
 Artsakh[32]
President
7 September 2007
7003370700000000000♠10 years, 54 days

55.

Ernest Bai Koroma
 Sierra Leone
President
17 September 2007
7003369700000000000♠10 years, 44 days

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ was Prime Minister of Cameroon from 30 June 1975 to 6 November 1982
Jump up ^ was Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council / Supreme Military Council of Equatorial Guinea from 3 August 1979 to 12 October 1982
Jump up ^ was Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 18 April 1980 to 31 December 1987
Jump up ^ Was President of Iran from 13 October 1981 to 2 August 1989, leaving the presidency close to two months after becoming Supreme Leader. Was approved as Supreme Leader of Iran by the Assembly of Experts and sworn in on 4 June 1989, shortly after the death of the founder of this Shia Islamic Republic, Ruhollah Khomeini.
Jump up ^ Was Prime Minister of the Kazakh SSR from 22 March 1984 to 27 July 1989, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR from 22 June 1989 to 14 December 1991, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (Speaker of Parliament – de facto head of state) of the Kazakh SSR from 22 February 1990 to 24 April 1990, and President of the Kazakh SSR from 24 April 1990 to 16 December 1991, when Kazakhstan declared independence from the Soviet Union.
Jump up ^ was previously President from 8 February 1979 to 31 August 1992, when the country was a one-Party state known as the People's Republic of the Congo
Jump up ^ Was Prime Minister of the Vietnam-occupation one-Party state called the People's Republic of Kampuchea from 14 January 1985 to 1 May 1989. Was also Prime Minister during the entire existence of the State of Cambodia from 1 May 1989 to 24 September 1993.
Jump up ^ was Chairman of the Sudanese Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation from 30 June 1989 to 16 October 1993
Jump up ^ was President of the Council of State of Chad from 2 December 1990 to 4 March 1991
Jump up ^ Was Secretary-General of the Provisional Government of Eritrea from 27 April 1991 to 24 May 1993, when Eritrea declared independence from Ethiopia.
Jump up ^ was Chairman of the Supreme Assembly (Speaker of Parliament) of Tajikistan – de facto head of state – from 19 November 1992 to 16 November 1994
Jump up ^ Was Vice-President from 19 July 1994 to 22 April 2000 and Acting President from 24 March 2000 to 22 April 2000.
Jump up ^ was Interim Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 6 August 2003 to 4 November 2003
Jump up ^ Was a member of the Nicaraguan Junta of National Reconstruction from 18 July 1979 to 4 March 1981, then the Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction (effectively the head of state) from 4 March 1981 to 10 January 1985; he was then President from 10 January 1985 to 25 April 1990.
Jump up ^ The "President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly" performs some of the duties of a head of state. The position of President (formerly the head of state) was written out of the constitution in 1998. State founder Kim Il-sung, who died in 1994, was given the appellation "Eternal President".
Jump up ^ Was Prime Minister of Russia from 9 August 1999 to 7 May 2000 and Acting President from 31 December 1999 to 7 May 2000; then President of Russia from 7 May 2000 to 7 May 2008; then Prime Minister again from 8 May 2008 to 7 May 2012.
Jump up ^ was Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 to 28 August 2002 and 4 December 2012 to 21 March 2015
Jump up ^ Was Chairman of the National Military Council (de facto leader of Suriname) from 25 February 1980 to 25 January 1988 and head of state as National Army Commander from 13 August 1980 to 15 August 1980 and from 4 February 1982 to 8 February 1982.
Jump up ^ was Prime Minister of Turkey from 14 March 2003 to 28 August 2014
Jump up ^ Montenegro did not gain independence until 3 June 2006, being part of Serbia and Montenegro. Vujanović was previously Acting President from 25 November 2002 to 19 May 2003.
Jump up ^ was Acting President of Azerbaijan from 6 August 2003 to 31 October 2003
Jump up ^ Was Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 12 December 2003 to 14 December 2016, and Acting President from 8 September 2016 to 14 December 2016.
Jump up ^ was Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority from 19 March 2003 to 6 September 2003
Jump up ^ Was President of Togo from 5 February 2005 to 25 February 2005, when it was disputed whether he had inherited the presidency from his deceased father, Gnassingbé Eyadéma.
Jump up ^ South Sudan did not gain independence until 9 July 2011, being part of Sudan. Kiir was Acting President of the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region from 30 July 2005 to 11 August 2005.
Jump up ^ Was Acting President and Acting Prime Minister of Cuba from 31 July 2006 to 24 February 2008; and Acting First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 31 July 2006 to 19 April 2011. Under the one-Party system, the position of First Secretary is a more important and powerful position than the Presidency of Cuba.
Jump up ^ The Swiss Federal Council is a collective seven-member head of state. Since 1 January 2017, Leuthard is the incumbent chairperson of the Federal Council, i.e. the President of the Swiss Confederation. Leuthard previously served as chairperson of the Federal Council, or President, in the constitutional customary one-year period from 1 January to 31 December 2010. From 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016, she was the deputy chairperson of the Federal Council, or Vice President of Switzerland.
Jump up ^ Was President of the Interim Military Government of Fiji from 29 May 2000 to 13 July 2000; then again President of the Interim Military Government of Fiji from 5 December 2006 to 4 January 2007. Was Acting Prime Minister from 5 January 2007 to 22 September 2014.
Jump up ^ was Acting President of Turkmenistan from 21 December 2006 to 14 February 2007
Jump up ^ Was Acting Prime Minister of Armenia from 25 March 2007 to 4 April 2007, then Prime Minister from 4 April 2007 to 9 April 2008.
Jump up ^ was Prime Minister of Mali from 4 February 1994 to 15 February 2000
Jump up ^ The country was called the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh until 10 March 2017.


document_title: Major League Baseball All-Star Game records

question_text: who has been to the most all star games in baseball

text: All-Star Game appearance record[edit]

text: Most number of games on the roster originally or as a replacement.[1] Two All-Star Games were held each season from 1959 through 1962.

text:
Hank Aaron 25
Willie Mays 24
Stan Musial 24

text: All-Star Game MVP Award record[edit]

text: Willie Mays, Steve Garvey, Gary Carter, Cal Ripken, Jr., and Mike Trout 2

text: Single All-Star Game hitting records[edit]

text:
Runs batted in: Al Rosen, Ted Williams 5
Runs: Ted Williams 4
Hits: Joe Medwick, Ted Williams, Carl Yastrzemski 4
Home runs: Gary Carter, Willie McCovey, Al Rosen, Arky Vaughan, Ted Williams 2
Inside-the-park home runs: Ichiro Suzuki 1
Grand slams: Fred Lynn 1
Doubles: Ernie Banks, Barry Bonds, Ted Kluszewski, Paul Konerko, Joe Medwick, Damian Miller, Albert Pujols, Al Simmons 2
Triples: Rod Carew 2
Walks: Phil Cavarretta, Charlie Gehringer 3
Total bases: Ted Williams 10

text: Single All-Star Game pitching records[edit]

text:
Runs: Atlee Hammaker 7
Earned runs: Atlee Hammaker 7
Hits: Tom Glavine 9
Home runs: Jim Palmer 3
Innings pitched: Lefty Gomez 6
Strikeouts: Carl Hubbell, Larry Jansen, Ferguson Jenkins, Johnny Vander Meer 6
Consecutive Strikeouts: Carl Hubbell, Fernando Valenzuela 5

text: Career All-Star Game hitting records[edit]

text:
At bats: Willie Mays 75
Batting average: Charlie Gehringer .500
Runs batted in: Ted Williams 12
Runs: Willie Mays 20
Hits: Willie Mays 23
Extra base hits: Willie Mays, Stan Musial 8
Home runs: Stan Musial 6
Inside-the-park home runs: Ichiro Suzuki 1
Grand slams: Fred Lynn 1
Doubles: Dave Winfield 7
Triples: Willie Mays, Brooks Robinson 3
Walks: Ted Williams 11
Total bases: Willie Mays, Stan Musial 40
Pinch hits: Stan Musial 3

text: Career All-Star Game pitching records[edit]

text:
Wins: Lefty Gomez 3
Losses: Mort Cooper, Whitey Ford, Dwight Gooden, Catfish Hunter, Claude Passeau, John Smoltz, Luis Tiant 2
Earned runs: Whitey Ford 11
Hits: Whitey Ford 19
Innings pitched: Don Drysdale 19⅓
Batters faced: Don Drysdale 69
Balks: Dwight Gooden 2
Walks: Jim Palmer 7
Strikeouts: Don Drysdale 19
Games pitched: Roger Clemens 9
Games started: Don Drysdale, Lefty Gomez, Robin Roberts 5
Games finished: Rich Gossage 6
Saves: Mariano Rivera 4


document_title: They Call Me Mister Tibbs!

question_text: the cast of they call me mr tibbs

question_tokens: the cast of they call me mr tibbs

text: They Call Me Mister Tibbs!

text: Plot[edit]

text: Detective Virgil Tibbs (Sidney Poitier), now a lieutenant with the San Francisco police, is assigned to investigate the murder of a prostitute. A prime suspect is Rev. Logan Sharpe (Martin Landau), a liberal street preacher and political organizer, who insists to Tibbs that he was merely visiting the hooker in a professional capacity, advising her spiritually.

text: Tibbs questions a janitor from the victim's building, Mealie (Juano Hernandez), as well as another man, Woody Garfield (Edward Asner), who might have been the woman's pimp. Suspicion falls on a man named Rice Weedon (Anthony Zerbe), who takes umbrage and is shot by Tibbs in self-defense.

text: Tibbs concludes that Sharpe really must be the culprit. Sharpe confesses but requests Tibbs give him some time to complete his work on one last political issue. Told this wouldn't be possible, Sharpe takes his own life.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sidney Poitier as Virgil Tibbs
Martin Landau as Logan Sharpe
Barbara McNair as Valerie Tibbs
Anthony Zerbe as Rice Weedon
Edward Asner as Woody Garfield
Jeff Corey as Captain Marden
Norma Crane as Marge Garfield
Juano Hernandez as Mealie Williamson
David Sheiner as Lieutenant Kenner
Beverly Todd as Puff
Ted Gehring as Sergeant Deutsch
Linda Towne as Joy Sturges
Garry Walberg as Medical Examiner
George Spell as Andy Tibbs
Wanda Spell as Ginger Tibbs

text: Production[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Quincy Jones wrote the score, as he did with In the Heat of the Night, although the tone of the music in both is markedly different. The previous film, owing to its setting, had a country and bluesy sound, whereas his work for this film was in the funk milieu that would become Jones' trademark in the early 1970s.

text: The film's title was taken from Virgil's line in In the Heat of the Night.

text: It was followed by a third film called The Organization (1971).

text: The film was the last appearance of veteran actor Juano Hernández, who died in July 1970, a few days after the film premiered.

text: Reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015)

text: The film did not attract the same response as the series' 1967 debut, In the Heat of the Night.

text: The film has a 60% rating on Rotten Tomatoes as of June 2009.[4]