document_title: Safari version history

question_text: what is the latest version of safari on mac

text: Safari version history

text: Version compatibility[edit]

text:
Operating system
Operating system version
Latest Safari version
Support

macOS
Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar
1.0.3 (August 13, 2004)
2003–2005

Mac OS X 10.3 Panther
1.3.2[1] (January 11, 2006)
2003–2007

Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger
4.1.3[2] (November 18, 2010)
2005–2010

Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
5.0.6[3] (July 20, 2011)
2007–2011

Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
5.1.10[4] (September 12, 2013)
2009–2013

Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
6.1.6[5] (August 13, 2014)
2011–2014

OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion
6.2.8[6] (August 13, 2015)
2012–2015

OS X 10.9 Mavericks
9.1.3[7] (September 1, 2016)
2013–2016

OS X 10.10 Yosemite
10.1.2[8] (July 19, 2017)
2014-2017

OS X 10.11 El Capitan
11.0[9] (September 19, 2017)
Since 2015

macOS 10.12 Sierra
11.0[9] (September 19, 2017)
Since 2016

macOS 10.13 High Sierra
11.0[9] (September 19, 2017)
Since 2017

Microsoft
Windows
Windows 2000
3.0.3 (August 1, 2007)
Unofficial

Windows XP SP1
4.0.3 (August 11, 2009)
2007–2009

Windows XP SP2, SP3
5.1.7[10] (May 9, 2012)
2007–2012

Windows Vista

Windows 7
2009–2012

text: Release history[edit]

text:
Key:
Old Beta Version
Old Version
Supported Version
Current Version
Current Beta Version

text: Mac[edit]

text:
Major version
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features

Safari
0.8
48
Mac OS X v10.2
January 7, 2003
Public Beta. Initial release at Macworld San Francisco.

0.9
73
April 14, 2003
Public Beta 2. Tabbed browsing, forms and passwords autofill, browser reset (removes cookies, cache, etc.), Netscape and Mozilla bookmarks importing, improved support for web standards, improved AppleScript support, more localizations.

Safari 1
1.0
85
June 23, 2003
First non-beta release. Safari is now default Mac OS X browser, faster autotabs, support for iSync bookmark synchronization, all Mac OS X languages supported, more AppleScripts to control browser, improved support for web standards.

1.0.3
85.8.5
August 13, 2004
Improves the Safari rendering engine to expand third party application support and delivers the latest security enhancements.

1.1
100
Mac OS X v10.3
October 24, 2003
Released with Mac OS X v10.3. Improved speed, improved support for web standards, improved CSS support.

1.2
125
February 2, 2004
Improved compatibility with websites and web applications. Support for personal certificate authentication. Full keyboard access for navigation. Ability to resume interrupted downloads. Sajax and LiveConnect support. XMLHttpRequest support.

1.3
312
April 15, 2005
Released with Mac OS X v10.3.9. Included most of the rendering speed and website compatibility improvements that were developed for 2.0. designMode support.

1.3.1
312.3
August 29, 2005
Improves website compatibility, application stability and support for 3rd party web applications.

1.3.2
312.5
January 11, 2006
Improves website compatibility, application stability and support for 3rd party web applications. Requires 1.3.1 in order to install.

1.3.2
312.6
January 12, 2006
Requires earlier version in order to install.

Safari 2
2.0
412
Mac OS X v10.4
April 29, 2005
Dubbed "Safari RSS." Released with Mac OS X v10.4. Improved rendering speed and website compatibility. Integrated RSS and Atom reader. Integrated PDF viewer. Private Browsing mode and Parental Controls. Ability to save complete websites using the proprietary WebArchive format.

2.0.2
416.11
October 31, 2005
Safari passes the Web Standards Project Acid2 test.

2.0.4
419.3
January 10, 2006
Most widely distributed version of Safari 2, available only as part of Mac OS X Update 10.4.4.[11] Last stable version released before version 3.0. Last Mac OS X-exclusive version.

Safari 3
3.0
522.11
June 11, 2007
Public beta. Initial release at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. Version for Mac OS X v10.4.9 and later. Improved searching within web pages. Drag and drop tabs, and the ability to save a group of tabs as a single bookmark. Live resizing of text input fields. Bonjour support for bookmarks. Initial SVG support.

3.0.2
522.12
June 22, 2007
Public beta.

3.0.3
522.12.1
July 31, 2007
Public beta. Latest security updates.

3.0.4
523.10
Mac OS X v10.4 - 10.5
October 26, 2007
Officially released with Mac OS X v10.5 out of beta. Includes the ability to re-arrange tabs by dragging, improved web standards support, the ability to display SVG images, and integration with the Dashboard, allowing users to create widgets from ordinary web pages. For web developers, Safari 3 includes a new "Web Inspector" similar to the DOM Inspector extension for Mozilla Firefox.

November 14, 2007
Officially released for Mac OS X v10.4.11.

3.1
525.13
March 18, 2008
Introduces support for CSS Web fonts and animations and improves support for SVG and HTML5 media. Performance improvements.

3.1.1
525.17
April 16, 2008
Improved stability and added security updates.

525.20
May 28, 2008
Officially released with Mac OS X v10.5.3.

3.1.2
525.21
June 30, 2008
Officially released with Mac OS X v10.5.4.

3.2
525.26
November 13, 2008
Added phishing detection, Extended Validation Certificate support, security fixes.

3.2.1
525.27
November 24, 2008
Stability improvements.

3.2.3
525.28
May 12, 2009
Officially released with Mac OS X v10.5.7.

Safari 4
4.0 Beta
526.11.2
June 11, 2008
First developer seed. Includes SquirrelFish JavaScript interpreter. Adds ability to save webpages as standalone web applications. Passes Acid3 test.

528.16
February 24, 2009
Version 4 Public Beta. Added features include a "Top Sites" tool that tracks the user's most recently viewed pages, and notifies the user of content updates; Cover Flow support for history and bookmarks; and full history search. A new, radically redesigned UI, with the tabs now on top, has been implemented. The new Nitro engine (previously code named SquirrelFish Extreme) renders JavaScript 4.2 times faster than the previous release of Safari according to Apple test reports. A newly redesigned set of Developer Tools, Auto-Detect of Google searches and websites, and full page zooming have also been added.[12] The "save page as standalone web applications" feature from the first developer preview of Safari 4 has been removed. The full feature list on Apple's website describes the other 150 new features of Safari 4.[13]

528.17
May 12, 2009
Public beta. Latest security updates.

4.0
530.17
June 8, 2009
Stable release, officially released at WWDC. Tabs, which were located in the title bar in 4.0 beta releases, have been returned to their original location under the bookmarks bar.

4.0.1
530.18
June 17, 2009
Improved compatibility with iPhoto '09.

4.0.2
530.19
July 8, 2009
Improves stability of Nitro JavaScript engine and includes the latest compatibility and security fixes. Officially released with Mac OS X 10.5.8 on August 5, 2009.

4.0.3
531.9
Mac OS X v10.4 - 10.6
August 11, 2009
Stability improvements for webpages that use the HTML5 video tag. Fixes an issue that prevented some users from logging into iWork.com. Fixes an issue that could cause web content to be displayed in greyscale instead of color.

4.0.4
531.21.10
November 11, 2009
Improves JavaScript and Full History Search performance. Improves stability of third-party plug-ins, search field, and Yahoo! Mail. Adds latest security fixes.

4.0.5
531.22.7
March 11, 2010
Improves Top Sites performance. Improves stability for third-party plug-ins and websites with online forms and Scalable Vector Graphics. Fixes issues that prevented Safari from changing settings on some Linksys routers and prevented some iWork.com users from commenting on documents.

4.1
533.16
Mac OS X v10.4
June 7, 2010
Improves performance of JavaScript, Top Sites, and trackpad pinch gestures. Adds faster page loading with DNS prefetching and improved page caching, and Bing search option in the Search Field. Improves support for HTML5, auto-complete in the Smart Address Field, tabbed browsing, Full History Search, Private Browsing, protection from cross-site scripting with XSS auditing, support for web applications that use JavaScript Object Notation, and developer tools. Improves performance and stability when pasting text into text fields in webpages, auto-complete functions, PDF handling, and transferring images from Safari to iPhoto, when using Facebook and eMusic. Improves reliability of authentication to Windows IIS. Fixes an issue that prevented some users from dragging files when logged into etrade.com.

4.1.1
533.17.8
July 28, 2010
More accurate Top Hit results in the Address Field and timing for CSS animations. Adds better stability when scrolling through MobileMe Mail. Fixes an issue that prevented Google Wave and other websites using JavaScript encryption libraries from working correctly on 32-bit systems, an issue that prevented Safari from launching on systems with network home directories, an issue that could cause borders on YouTube thumbnails to disappear when hovering over the thumbnail image, an issue that could cause Flash content to overlap with other content on Facebook, Crate and Barrel, and other sites when using Flash 10.1, an issue that prevented boarding passes from American Airlines from printing correctly, an issue that could cause DNS prefetching requests to overburden certain routers, and an issue that could cause VoiceOver to misidentify elements of webpages.

4.1.2
533.18.5
September 7, 2010
Fixes an issue that could prevent users from submitting web forms.

4.1.3
533.19.4
November 18, 2010
Improves accuracy of Top Sites and Top Hit results in the address bar. Fixes an issue with Flash 10.1 that caused overlapping of webpage content. Improves reliability of pop-up blocking. Improves stability of typing in text fields on netflix.com and facebook.com. Improves stability of VoiceOver.

Safari 5
5.0
533.16
Mac OS X v10.5 - 10.6
June 7, 2010
Added new features including Safari Reader, Bing Search, and Safari Development Tools. Improves JavaScript performance, page caching, and DNS prefetching. Improves support for HTML5. Other improvements and features include smarter address field, tabs settings, search history with date, Top Sites/history button, private browsing icon, XSS auditor, and the return of the address bar loading status indicator. Included in the Mac OS X v10.6.4 update.

5.0.1
533.17.8
July 28, 2010
Added a new feature: Safari Extensions. Provides more accurate Top Hit results in the Address Field and timing for CSS animations. Adds better stability when using the Safari Reader keyboard shortcut and scrolling through MobileMe Mail. Fixes display of multipage articles from Rolling Stone in Safari Reader. Fixes an issue that prevented Google Wave and other websites using JavaScript encryption libraries from working correctly on 32-bit systems, an issue that prevented Safari from launching on Leopard systems with network home directories, an issue that could cause borders on YouTube thumbnails to disappear when hovering over the thumbnail image, an issue that could cause Flash content to overlap with other content on Facebook, Crate and Barrel, and other sites when using Flash 10.1, an issue that prevented boarding passes from American Airlines from printing correctly, an issue that could cause DNS prefetching requests to overburden certain routers, and an issue that could cause VoiceOver to misidentify elements of webpages.

5.0.2
533.18.5
September 7, 2010
Fixes issues that prevented submission of web forms, fixes issues that caused incorrect displaying of content in Google Images with Flash Player 10.1 installed, and establishes encrypted and authenticated connection to Safari Extensions Gallery.

5.0.3
533.19.4
November 18, 2010
Improves accuracy of Top Sites, and Top Hit results in address bar. Fixes an issue with Flash 10.1 that caused overlapping of webpage content. Improves reliability of pop-up blocking. Improves stability of typing in text fields on Netflix and Facebook. Improves stability of JavaScript extensions. Improves stability of VoiceOver.

5.0.4
533.20.27
March 9, 2011
Improves stability for webpages with multiple plug-in content. Improves compatibility with webpages with image reflections and transition effects. Fixes an issue that caused webpages to print with incorrect layouts. Fixes an issue that caused webpages with plug-in content to display incorrectly. Fixes an issue that caused the screen saver to appear while a video is playing. Improves compatibility with VoiceOver on webpages with text input areas and lists with selectable items. Improves stability when using VoiceOver.

5.0.5
533.21.1
April 14, 2011
Security update.

5.0.6
533.22.3
Mac OS X v10.5
July 20, 2011
Stability improvements for web applications that use WebSocket with certain proxy configurations. Improvements to the appearance and layout of text with HTML5 ruby annotations. A fix for an issue that could cause elements in frames to appear in the wrong place on Pandora.com and other websites.

5.1
534.48.3
Mac OS X v10.6 - 10.7
Bundled with Mac OS X v10.7. New features include Reading List for managing webpages and links, new process architecture for improved stability and responsiveness, Resume for launching windows from a previous browsing session, improved privacy settings, Private AutoFill, additional text search controls, and the ability to drag and drop items from the Downloads window. Introduces support for full-screen webpages, media caching with the HTML5 application cache, MathML, Web Open Font Format, CSS3 auto-hyphenation, CSS3 vertical text, CSS3 text emphasis, Window.onError, and formatted XML files. Adds new Extensions APIs, including support for popovers, menus, new event classes, and interaction with Safari Reader.

5.1.1
534.51.22
October 12, 2011
Bundled with Mac OS X v10.7.2. Adds support for iCloud syncing of bookmarks and Reading List. Improves JavaScript performance. Contains improvements to performance, stability, usability, compatibility, accessibility, and security.

5.1.2
534.52.7
November 29, 2011
Improves stability. Addresses issues with hangs, excessive memory usage, and white flashes within webpages. Allows PDFs to be displayed within web content.

5.1.3
534.53.10
February 1, 2012
Bundled with Mac OS X v10.7.3.

5.1.4
534.54.16
March 12, 2012
Improved Javascript performance. Improve responsiveness when typing into the search field after changing network configurations, or with an intermittent network connection. Address an issue that could cause webpages to flash white when switching between Safari windows. Address issues that prevented printing U.S. Postal Service shipping labels and embedded PDFs. Preserve links in PDFs saved from webpages. Fix an issue that could make Flash content appear incomplete after using gesture zooming. Fix an issue that could cause the screen to dim while watching HTML5 video. Improve stability, compatibility, and startup time when using extensions. Allow cookies set during regular browsing to be available after using Private Browsing. Fix an issue that could cause some data to be left behind after pressing the “Remove All Website Data” button.[14]

5.1.5
534.55.3
March 26, 2012
Contains a fix for an issue that could affect website usability when running Safari in 32-bit mode; other stability improvements.[15]

5.1.6
534.56.5
Mac OS X v10.7
May 9, 2012
Bundled with Mac OS X v10.7.4, contains stability improvements.

5.1.7
534.57.2
Mac OS X v10.6 - 10.7
May 9, 2012
Improve the browser's responsiveness when the system is low on memory. Fix an issue that could prevent webpages from responding after using a pinch to zoom gesture. Fix an issue that could affect websites using forms to authenticate users. Disable versions of Adobe Flash Player that do not include the latest security updates and provide the option to get the current version from Adobe's website.

5.1.8
534.58.2
Mac OS X v10.6
March 14, 2013
Security updates [16]

5.1.9
534.59.8
April 16, 2013
Security updates [17]

5.1.10
534.59.10
September 12, 2013
Security updates [18]

Safari 6
6.0
536.25
OS X v10.7 - 10.8
July 25, 2012
Improved Javascript performance. Website URL and Search are now in one bar. iCloud integration added. Twitter integration added. Overall faster performance. More HTML5 support.

6.0.1
536.26
September 21, 2012
Bundled with OS X 10.8.2. Adds SSL support for Google searches from the Smart Search Field in Safari.

6.0.2
536.26.17
November 1, 2012
Security fixes only.

6.0.3
536.28.10
March 14, 2013
Contains fixes that improve performance, stability, and security. [1]

6.0.4
536.29.13
April 16, 2013
Security updates [17]

6.0.5
536.30.1
June 5, 2013

6.1
537.43.58
June 11, 2013
New Sidebar with Shared Links, Bookmarks and Reading List. Redesigned Top Sites. Power-saving technologies.

6.1.1
537.73.11
December 16, 2013
Security update.[19]

6.1.2

February 25, 2014
Security update.[20]

6.1.3

April 1, 2014
Security update.[21]

6.1.4

May 21, 2014
Security update.[22]

6.1.5

June 30, 2014
Security update.[23]

6.1.6
537.78.2[24]
August 13, 2014
Security update.[25]

6.2

OS X 10.8
September 18, 2014
Security update.[26]

6.2.1

December 4, 2014
Security update.[27]

6.2.2

December 11, 2014
Security update.[28]

6.2.3

January 27, 2015
Security update.[29]

6.2.4

March 17, 2015
Security update.[30]

6.2.5

April 8, 2015
Security update.[31]

6.2.6

May 6, 2015
Security update.[32]

6.2.7

June 30, 2015
Security update.[33]

6.2.8
537.85.17
August 13, 2015
Security update.[6]

Safari 7
7.0
537.71
OS X 10.9
October 22, 2013
Bundled with OS X 10.9 Developer Preview 1.New Sidebar with Shared Links, Bookmarks and Reading List. Redesigned Top Sites. Nitro Tiered JIT, Fast Start and power-saving technologies.[34]

7.0.1
537.73.11
December 16, 2013
Security update.[19] Bundled with OS X 10.9.1[35]

7.0.2

February 25, 2014
Security update.[20]

7.0.3
537.75.14
April 1, 2014
Security update.[21] Bundled with OS X 10.9.3[36]

7.0.4
537.76.4
May 21, 2014
Security update.[22]

7.0.5
537.77.4
June 30, 2014
Security update.[23] Bundled with OS X 10.9.4[37]

7.0.6
537.78.2
August 13, 2014
Security update.[25] Bundled with OS X 10.9.5[38]

7.1

September 18, 2014
Security update.[26]

7.1.1

December 4, 2014
Security update.[27]

7.1.2

December 11, 2014
Security update.[28]

7.1.3

January 27, 2015
Security update.[29]

7.1.4

March 17, 2015
Security update.[30]

7.1.5

April 8, 2015
Security update.[31]

7.1.6

May 6, 2015
Security update.[32]

7.1.7

June 30, 2015
Security update.[33]

7.1.8
537.85.17
August 13, 2015
Security update.[6]

Safari 8
8.0
538.35.8
OS X 10.10
October 16, 2014
Bundled with OS X 10.10. Browser gets first new logo in 11 years, similar in style to iOS 7-onwards.[39] Support for APNG was added.[40]

8.0.1

December 4, 2014
Security update.[27]

8.0.2

December 11, 2014
Security update.[28]

8.0.3

January 27, 2015
Security update.[29]

8.0.4

March 17, 2015
Security update.[30]

8.0.5

April 8, 2015
Security update.[31]

8.0.6
600.6.3
May 6, 2015
Security update.[32]

8.0.7
600.7.12
June 30, 2015
Security update.[33]

8.0.8

August 13, 2015
Security update.[6]

Safari 9
9.0
601.1.56
OS X 10.9 - 10.11
September 30, 2015
Bundled with 10.11.[41]

9.0.1
601.2.7
October 21, 2015
Security update.[42]

9.0.2
601.3.9
December 8, 2015
Security update.[43]

9.0.3
601.4.4
January 15, 2016
Security update.[44]

9.1
601.5.17
March 21, 2016
Adds support for <picture> element, iOS gesture events, CSS variables, CSS font features.[45]

9.1.1
601.6.17
May 17, 2016
Security updates and improved memory handling.[46]

9.1.2
601.7.1
July 18, 2016
Security and stability update[47]

9.1.3
601.7.8
September 1, 2016
Security and stability update[48]

Safari 10
10.0
602.1.50
OS X 10.10 - macOS 10.12
September 20, 2016
Launched with macOS 10.12 Sierra.

Safari Extensions such as 1Password, Save to Pocket, and DuckDuckGo[49]
New Bookmarks sidebar, including double-click to focus in on a folder[49]
Redesigned Bookmarks and History views[49]
Site-specific zoom: Safari remembers and re-applies your zoom level to websites[49]
Improved AutoFill from Contacts card[49]
Reader improvements, including in-line sub-headlines, bylines, and publish dates[49]
Legacy plug-ins are turned off by default in favor of HTML5 versions of websites[49]
Allow reopening of recently closed tabs through the History menu, holding the "+" button in the tab bar, and using Shift-Command-T[49]
When a link opens in a new tab, it is now possible to hit the back button or swipe to close it and go back to the original tab[49]
Improved ranking of Frequently Visited Sites[49]
Web Inspector Timelines Tab[49]
Debugging using Web Inspector[49]

10.0.1
602.2.14
October 24, 2016
Security and stability update[50]

10.0.2
602.3.12
December 13, 2016
Security and stability update[51]

10.0.3
602.4.8
January 23, 2017
Security and stability update[52]

10.1
603.1.30
March 27, 2017
New web technology additions and improvements such as Fetch API, CSS Grid Layout, ECMAScript 2016 & ECMAScript 2017, IndexedDB 2.0, Custom Elements, Gamepad API, Pointer Lock API, interactive form validation, input events, HTML5 download attribute support, HTML Media Capture, improved fixed and sticky element positioning, improved Web Inspector debugging, CSS wide-gamut colors support, reduced motion media query, and more.[53][54] Also includes security fixes.[55]

10.1.1
603.2.4
May 15, 2017
Security and stability update[56]

10.1.2
603.3.8
July 19, 2017
Security and stability update[8]

Safari 11
11.0

OS X 10.11 - macOS 10.13
September 19, 2017
Bundled with macOS 10.13 High Sierra.[57]

Stops audio from automatically playing on most websites
Includes Intelligent Tracking Prevention that identifies trackers on webpages and prevent them from gathering data about you[58]
Configure Reader, content blockers, page zoom, and auto-play settings on a per-website basis, or for all websites
Includes updated media controls for HTML5 video and audio
Added support for new web technologies such as WebRTC, Media Capture API, Resource Timing API, WebAssembly, variable fonts, CSS strokes and more.[59]
Security fixes[9]

text: Windows[edit]

text:
Major version
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features

Safari 3
3.0
522.11.3
Windows XP, Vista
June 11, 2007
Public beta, first release for Windows XP and Windows Vista (not officially supported on Windows 2000). Announced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. Feature parity with Mac OS X version.

3.0.1
522.12.2
June 13, 2007
Public beta, second release for Windows XP and Windows Vista. Major security updates.

3.0.2
522.13.1
June 22, 2007
Public beta, third release for Windows XP and Windows Vista. Security updates.

3.0.3
522.15.5
August 1, 2007
Public beta, fourth Windows release. Includes major stability enhancements, including a fix for a memory leak.

3.0.4
523.12.9
November 14, 2007
Public beta, fifth Windows release. Fixes many UI behavior issues, though issues still remain. Ends unofficial support for Windows 2000 (will not run). Added many keyboard shortcut functions found in most major browsers (for example, switching tabs).

523.13
December 17, 2007
Safari 3 Beta 3.0.4 Security Update: A security update meant to prevent cross-site scripting attacks was applied to the existing release of Safari.[60]

523.15
December 21, 2007
Safari 3 Beta 3.0.4 Security Update v1.1: This update fixes an issue introduced with the previous security update "that may cause Safari to unexpectedly quit when browsing certain websites."

3.1
525.13
March 18, 2008
First stable release of Safari for Windows. Introduces support for CSS Web fonts and animations and improves support for SVG and HTML5 media. Performance improvements. Added automatic spell checker for searches.

3.1.1
525.17
April 16, 2008
Improved stability and added security updates.

3.1.2
525.21
June 19, 2008
Improved stability and added security updates.

3.2
525.26.13
November 13, 2008
Added phishing detection, Extended Validation Certificate support, security fixes.

3.2.1
525.27.1
November 24, 2008
Stability improvements.

3.2.2
525.28.1
February 12, 2009
Security updates.

3.2.3
525.29.1
May 12, 2009
Security updates.

Safari 4
4.0
526.12.2
June 11, 2008
First developer seed. Includes SquirrelFish JavaScript interpreter. Adds ability to save webpages as standalone web applications. Passes Acid3 test. Added optional Windows native font rendering.

528.1.1
August 22, 2008
Second developer seed. New developer menu, redesigned Web Inspector, and JavaScript developer tools. Also includes elements from the new Webkit versions, such as support for new CSS features, as well as improved support for HTML5 in general.[61]

528.16
February 24, 2009
Version 4 Public Beta. Added features include a "Top Sites" tool that tracks the user's most recently viewed pages, and notifies the user of content updates; Cover Flow support for history and bookmarks; and full history search. A new, radically redesigned UI, with the tabs now on top, has been implemented. The new Nitro engine (previously code named SquirrelFish Extreme) renders JavaScript 4.2 times faster than the previous release of Safari according to Apple test reports. A newly redesigned set of Developer Tools, Auto-Detect of Google searches and websites, and full page zooming have also been added. The "save page as standalone web applications" feature from the first developer preview of Safari 4 has been removed. Look and feel more native to the Windows UI. Apple font smoothing is now an option; Safari can be configured to adhere to the default Windows system font smoothing setting. The full feature list on Apple's website describes the other 150 new features of Safari 4.

528.17
May 12, 2009
Public beta. Latest security updates.

4.0.1
530.17
June 8, 2009
Stable release, officially released at WWDC. Tabs, which were located in the title bar in 4.0 beta releases, have been returned to their original location under the bookmarks bar.

4.0.2
530.19.1
July 8, 2009
Improves stability of Nitro JavaScript engine and includes the latest compatibility and security fixes.

4.0.3
531.9.1
Windows XP, Vista, 7
August 11, 2009
Stability improvements for webpages that use the HTML5 video tag. Fixes an issue that prevented some users from logging into iWork.com. Fixes an issue that could cause web content to be displayed in greyscale instead of color.

4.0.4
531.21.10
November 11, 2009
Improves JavaScript and Full History Search performance. Improves stability of third-party plug-ins, search field, and Yahoo! Mail. Adds latest security fixes.

4.0.5
531.22.7
March 11, 2010
Improves Top Sites performance. Improves stability for third-party plug-ins and websites with online forms and Scalable Vector Graphics. Fixes issues that prevented Safari from changing settings on some Linksys routers and prevented some iWork.com users from commenting on documents.

Safari 5
5.0
533.16
June 7, 2010
Added new features including Safari Reader, Bing Search, and Safari Development Tools. Improves JavaScript performance, page caching, and DNS prefetching. Improves support for HTML5. Other improvements and features include smarter address field, tabs settings, search history with date, Top Sites/history button, private browsing icon, XSS auditor, and hardware acceleration.

5.0.1
533.17.8
July 28, 2010
Added a new feature: Safari Extensions. Provides more accurate Top Hit results in the Address Field and timing for CSS animations. Adds better stability when using the Safari Reader keyboard shortcut and scrolling through MobileMe Mail. Fixes display of multipage articles from Rolling Stone in Safari Reader. Fixes an issue that prevented Google Wave and other websites using JavaScript encryption libraries from working correctly on 32-bit systems, an issue that could cause borders on YouTube thumbnails to disappear when hovering over the thumbnail image, an issue that could cause Flash content to overlap with other content on Facebook, Crate and Barrel, and other sites when using Flash 10.1, an issue that prevented boarding passes from American Airlines from printing correctly, and an issue that could cause DNS prefetching requests to overburden certain routers.

5.0.2
533.18.5
September 7, 2010
Fixes issues that prevented submission of web forms, fixes issues that caused incorrect displaying of content in Google Images with Flash Player 10.1 installed, and establishes encrypted and authenticated connection to Safari Extensions Gallery.

5.0.3
533.19.4
November 18, 2010
Improves accuracy of Top Sites, and Top Hit results in address bar. Fixes an issue with Flash 10.1 that caused overlapping webpage content. Improves reliability of pop-up blocking. Fixes an issue affecting playback of videos with rotations or flips. Improves reliability when typing into text fields on Netflix and Facebook. Improves stability with JavaScript extensions and using screen readers.

5.0.4
533.20.27
March 9, 2011
Improves compatibility with webpages with transition effects. Fixes an issue that caused webpages to print with incorrect layouts. Fixes an issue that prevented HTML5 video from playing on YouTube. Fixes an issue that caused content to display incorrectly on webpages with plug-ins.

5.0.5
533.21.1
April 14, 2011
Security update.

5.1
534.50
July 20, 2011
Introduces support for full-screen webpages, media caching, MathML, Web Open Font Format, CSS3 Auto-hyphenation, CSS3 Vertical Text, and CSS3 Text Emphasis. Extension support for popovers, menus, new event classes, and Reader interaction.

5.1.1
534.51.22
October 12, 2011
Adds support for iCloud syncing of bookmarks and Reading List. Improves JavaScript performance. Contains improvements to performance, stability, usability, compatibility, accessibility, and security.

5.1.2
534.52.7
November 29, 2011
Improves stability. Addresses issues with hangs, excessive memory usage, and white flashes within webpages. Allows PDFs to be displayed within web content.

5.1.4
534.54.16
March 12, 2012
Improved Javascript performance. Improve responsiveness when typing into the search field after changing network configurations, or with an intermittent network connection. Address an issue that could cause webpages to flash white when switching between Safari windows. Preserve links in PDFs saved from webpages. Fix an issue that could cause the screen to dim while watching HTML5 video. Improve stability, compatibility, and startup time when using extensions. Allow cookies set during regular browsing to be available after using Private Browsing.

5.1.5
534.55.3
March 26, 2012
Stability improvements.[15]

5.1.7
534.57.2
May 9, 2012
Improve the browser's responsiveness when the system is low on memory. Fix an issue that could affect websites using forms to authenticate users.

Last version to support Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7.

text: iOS[edit]

text:
Major version
Minor version
WebKit version
Safari version
iOS version
Release date
Features

Safari 3
3.0
420+
419.3
1.0
29 June 2007
Initial release.

1.0.1–1.1.2
31 July 2007
Security update.

420.1
1.1.3–1.1.5
15 January 2008
Web Clips can be added to and removed from the Home Screen.

3.1.1
525.18.1
525.20
2.0
11 July 2008
Pictures can be saved to Photos app. Support for YouTube videos.

2.0.1–2.0.2
4 August 2008
Performance when switching to landscape mode is improved.

2.1
12 September 2008
Performance when scrolling webpages is improved.

2.2–2.2.1
21 November 2008
The Google search button is now a search bar. The refresh button is now inside the address bar. Stability and performance are improved.

Safari 4
4.0
528.18
528.16
3.0–3.0.1
17 June 2009
Adds AutoFill and anti-phishing. Additional options to open/copy a link. Support for RSS feeds. Browser and JavaScript speed improvements. Adds support for HTML5.

3.1–3.1.3
9 September 2009
Fraud protection and anti-phishing support.

531.21.10
3.2–3.2.2
3 April 2010
Support for iPad. Thumbnail view supports up to nine pages.

4.0.5
532.9
6531.22.7
4.0–4.1
21 June 2010
Bing added to search engines. Suggestions and recent searches are displayed below the search bar. Top Hit when searching. Audio support in-page.

Safari 5
5.0.2
533.17.9
6533.18.5
4.2.1–4.2.8
22 November 2010
Support for URLs in Chinese.

4.3–4.3.3
9 March 2011
Nitro JavaScript Engine and VoiceOver support.


document_title: Anna (Disney)

question_text: who does anna from frozen end up with

question_tokens: who does anna from frozen end up with

root

text: Anna (Disney)

text: Development[edit]

text: Origins and conception[edit]

text: Attempts to produce an adaption of "The Snow Queen" in the Disney studio dated back to 1943, when Walt Disney considered collaborating with Samuel Goldwyn to produce a biography film of Hans Christian Andersen. However, the story and particularly the Snow Queen character proved to be too problematic to Disney and his animators. Namely one of the troubles they encountered was that the original story lacked necessary interaction between the main protagonist, Gerda (who later served as an inspiration for Anna), and the Snow Queen. Most obviously, Andersen's version did not feature any confrontation between them: when brave little Gerda enters the Snow Queen's ice castle and sheds her tears on Kay, the Snow Queen is nowhere to be seen. There just was not enough character conflict to form a full-length feature.[2] Later on, Glen Keane, Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi, Harvey Fierstein, Dick Zondag and Dave Goetz were among other Disney executives to make efforts towards translating this potential material to the big screen, but none of them made their way. Around 2008, Chris Buck pitched Disney his version of The Snow Queen. At the time, the project was planned to be traditionally animated under the name of Anna and the Snow Queen. However, by early 2010, the project encountered the same problem and was stuck again.[3] Jennifer Lee, Frozen's co-director, later recalled, "The issue with the original for us in a lot of ways is it's a very symbolic story. It's very hard to translate symbolism into concrete things. Film is concrete, so you translate it."[4]

tag: p

text: After the success of Tangled (2010), on December 22, 2011, Disney announced a release date, November 27, 2013, for the film, together with a new title, Frozen, and Peter Del Vecho and John Lasseter took up as the project's producers. Now, when the film was revived again, one of the main challenges that Buck and his team had to face with was the character.[5] The storyboards were presented to John Lasseter, who would tell the assembled production team "You haven't dug deep enough." Lasseter commended that Chris Buck's latest version was fun and very light-hearted, but the characters were not multifaceted, and thus did not resonate for the producer.[2]

text: The original character of Gerda, known as Anna, was one of the three major characters in the script at this time, along with the Snow Queen, Elsa and Kristoff, loosely based on Kay. The characters were not considered to be well-rounded[6] or relatable, but an interpersonal, family dynamic was created once Anna and Elsa were established as sisters, an idea suggested by someone on the writing team that no one remembered who.[2][7][8] This changed the story dramatically,[9] shifting from the conflict between the good and the evil to the conflict between love and fear.[10] Buck stated that their script still retained basic parts of the story and the character of Gerda, citing the similarities between the original story and his version, "[Gerda] won't give up on finding her friend Kai. The only thing she really has in her, she's not a superhero or anything, but she has love. And it's love that conquers fear in the end."[4]

text: Voice[edit]

text: On March 5, 2012, Kristen Bell was cast to voice the adult Anna.[11][12] Livvy Stubenrauch was chosen to portray Anna as a young child,[13][14][15] while Katie Lopez, daughter of the husband-and-wife songwriting team of the film, Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, provided the singing voice for young Anna in "Do You Want to Build a Snowman?" musical sequence.[16][17] Additionally, Agatha Lee Monn, daughter of the film's director Jennifer Lee, portrayed teenage Anna in this song.[7][18][19][20] Lee explained about these casting decisions, "We really wanted to use the first two verses of this song to show you Anna's personality. And we wanted the singing to be done by real-sounding kids, not necessarily Broadway kids."[20] Kristen Bell and Idina Menzel (who voiced Elsa in the film) had both auditioned for Rapunzel in Tangled and had already known each other, but they did not get the part.[18][21]

text: Talking about her feelings when she got the part, Bell expressed, "Since I was 4 years old, I dreamed of being in a Disney animated film," she said. "It was the first goal I ever set for myself. It seemed like it would be a very unrealistic one."[12] She described Disney movies as "the ones [she] watched over and over again when [she] was a kid," and continued, "I knew every line from The Little Mermaid. I love Aladdin. When asked about her favorite Disney character, Bell said, "Ariel from The Little Mermaid. Because I think it was a shift that Disney had, where a female lead—the "princess," I guess—didn't just want to find her mate. She was singing "I want to be where the people are. I want to see the world. I want to venture outside my comfort zone.""[22] Bell described her initial reaction when she first found that she was cast as "I was in glee".[23] Lee admitted Bell's casting selection was influenced after the filmmakers listened a couple of vocal tracks from The Little Mermaid, including "Part of Your World" that the actress recorded when she was young, stating that without these recordings, it would've been very difficult to the find the right one to play Anna.[18][24]

text: The two directors, Buck and Lee, were also impressed by how Kristen and Idina related.[9][25] "During one of our early read-throughs, Kristen and Idina sang a ballad to each other which had so much emotion that everyone in the room was in tears," Buck said. "It not only showed how great their voices were together, but showed the power the music would have in the story."[26] However, Bell wasn't all confidence when recording with Menzel,[12][27] described the experiences working with her co-star as "nerve-racking".[23] The duo had rehearsed at Idina's house a song called "Wind Beneath My Wings", in which Bell greatly commended Idina's powerful voice.[23] Regarding the songs that she performed in the film, Kristen said, "We're singing the lovely songs of Kristen and Bobby Lopez, who wrote 'Book of Mormon.' So it's really, really funny music. It's really good music. They're amazing to work for."[28]

text: Director Jennifer Lee strongly believed that there couldn't be any other Anna but Kristen Bell, saying, "It was definitely a wonderful surprise hearing her voice [during auditions], not knowing that she had been classically trained. Also, she had such a warm, sweet voice. She was everything that we could've hoped for Anna."[27] Co-director Chris Buck shared Lee's ideas, commenting, "Kristen Bell for Anna was the very first person that we saw. We did a lot of casting to find Anna, but she just hit it out of the park. From the beginning we loved her, and she just kind of became Anna and Anna became her. I don't know which one is which."[29][30] Idina Menzel was also surprised by her co-star's singing ability, stating that, "I didn't know how great a singer she was. I quickly found out and need to constantly tell her because she doesn't tell anybody else! She's always playing it down."[27] Songwriter Kristen Anderson-Lopez later commended Bell's quick comprehension of her ideas, saying that she would collaborate with the actress for "the rest of [her] life" if she could.[31] Anna's animator Becky Bresee commented that Bell's voice "lends itself well, so you are taking bits and pieces."[32]

text: During production, Bell and Menzel had to do a lot of recordings and re-recordings, and were required to be together in the same room when on the key emotional scenes between Anna and Elsa. "We even got Kristen and Idina together for a song. That really helped elevate the song because they have a duet in the movie and it definitely helped drive that," said producer Peter Del Vecho. Chris Buck later commented that getting the actresses in together as much as they could helped add the real, amazing chemistry between them and made them really interact.[32] Bell's recording sessions were completed while she was pregnant, and later she had to re-record some of the lines after giving birth, as her voice had deepened.[33] After watching the completed film, Bell described her performance as "cool and weird and surreal and jarring", saying that she was really proud that Anna "came out like she did that [the directors] let [Bell] do her like this."[34]

text: Design and characterization[edit]

text: Anna in particular and the whole film in general had undergone a number of changes in the story, most notably making the heroine the younger sister of the Snow Queen.[9] Describing the character's development process, director Jennifer Lee admitted, "Even with Anna there was a tug of war for a long time. There are elements of it that we didn't land on with Anna until late into production, so we changed some of the animation to support it."[35] Bell generally described her character as "She doesn't have good postures, she's not very elegant, but she's a good person and she's utterly determined." Lee added, "She doesn't have any superpowers, but Anna is one of these ordinary people doing an extraordinary thing."[12] Contrary to her sister Elsa who represents fear, Anna represents love,[7][36][37] she is filled with optimism[37] with an extraordinary heart.[36] Director Chris Buck later stated, "[Anna's] secret weapon is love,"[10] while head of story Paul Briggs commented that she is "a character who is willing to stand beside you and stand up for what's right. Her sister was born with a condition that's shaped a world where Anna doesn't belong."[38] In the images of Frozen's main characters released by Disney in July 2013, Anna and her role in the film was described as follows:

text: Anna is more daring than graceful and, at times, can act before she thinks. But she’s also the most optimistic and caring person you’ll ever meet. She longs to reconnect with her sister, Elsa, as they were close during their childhood. When Elsa accidentally unleashes a magical secret that locks the kingdom of Arendelle in an eternal winter, Anna embarks on a dangerous adventure to make things right. Armed with only her fearlessness, a never-give-up attitude and her faith in others, Anna is determined to save both her kingdom and her family.[39]

text:
"I'm really excited to show it to people. I became a part of the kind of movie I wanted to see as a kid," she said. "I always loved Disney animation, but there was something about the females that was unattainable to me. Their posture was too good and they were too well-spoken, and I feel like I really made this girl much more relatable and weirder and scrappier and more excitable and awkward. I'm really proud of that."

—Kristen Bell on her approach to the character of Anna.[28]

tag: table

text: In order to have one person fully understand and develop their own character, as well as later be able to impart that to the crew, the film's directors and producers decided to have character leads and supervising animators on specific characters.[40] First-time character lead Becky Bresee serves as the supervising animator for Anna.[9][40] She described her job as "making the character more believable". To achieve this, she had to act out part of a sequence in the movie between Anna and Kristoff for a number of times, each of them emphasizing the character's gestures differently. "Anna's a little bit nervous and uncomfortable, and I had to find a way to put that into the animation," explained Bresee.[9]

text: Bell said that at first Anna was written plainer and more general. "In the first draft of the script she was written more, in my opinion, prissy. She was kind of specific and very girly," which Bell didn't find appealing. She admitted that she had always wanted to be part of Disney animated feature, but she "wanted to be a very specific type of princess", who "was way more awkward than the normal princesses", not someone with too good postures or too well-spoken.[23][28][41] As she was offered the role of Anna, she came up with a lot of suggestions for the directors. They were responsive and allowed the actress to mould the character the way she wanted, since they wanted the film to be truthful.[22][23] Bell significantly made specific changes to Anna, including the infusion and incorporation of the actress' own personality to the character,[41][42] embodying a relatable heroine,[28] which received full support from the directors.[43] She called the scene where Anna first meets Hans is a "typical Disney moment", as they come too close physically and find out that they both fall in love with each other. Bell wanted Anna's words to reflect what she herself would say in real life, which included some "nonsensical rambling". "I think I said, "This is awkward. You're not awkward. Me, I'm awkward. You're gorgeous. Wait—what?" Words just spill out of her mouth too quickly and she has to backtrack." Bell continued.[22] Or the whole scene where she wakes up in the beginning with saliva all over the face, Bell "wanted her to also have hair in her mouth", which took inspiration from her own real life. "Sometimes I wake up like that. Then you have hair in your mouth, and you start coughing. The animators totally got what I was trying to do. It's cool, and way more fun when stuff is realistic like that, instead of the perfection of waking up with mascara on."[23] Anna's snorting and tripping over also drew inspirations from Bell's real life.[23][42] Bell's recording sessions were also videotaped to assist in animating the character, and animators took into considerations even subtle things like the actress' biting her lip a lot.[44] According to director Jennifer Lee, Anna is a bit flawed.[43]

text:
"I think I'll be the most proud of this character for a long time. There was so much of me that was put into this character. There was a lot of collaboration, and not just in the fact of, here is the character, and here is what I want to bring, and here is what you want to bring. I really wanted to infuse her with who I am. I wanted the heart behind it to be that things didn’t come to her; the birds didn't come and braid her hair. She went out and fought for things. I'm really proud that little girls will be able to see that, because that’s what I wanted. So I will be thinking about her for a while."

—Kristen Bell on Anna's influence to her in the future.[23]

text: When asked about Anna's biggest charm, Bell said that "her charm is caught somewhere between her sincerity and optimism. Anna is genuine, sincere and compounded with optimism, and eternally optimistic people are the most charismatic people, much more attractive than those with a bad mood." She also expressed why the character seemed to loveable to her, "To have Anna in a situation where she starts the movie without any friends, because her lifestyle hasn’t allowed her to have a full kingdom. She runs around, because she wants friends."[23][41] Bell called the film's story is "another turning point" for Disney animation because the love depicted in this story is the love between siblings, a non-romantic love. Anna wants the world and she wants to explore, but she also wants to nurture the relationships around her, particularly the family relationship. "It's very non-traditional for a Disney movie," she added.[34]

text: Regarding Bell's influence on Anna, director Chris Buck said her personality was just so fun and energetic. "We had an Anna character but Kristen really came in and pushed it and made it even funnier and even sweeter I think, and more believable as a three-dimensional character," he said.[45] He also admitted that he "fell in love with [Bell]'s voice and [Bell]'s spirit". Director Jennifer Lee said that she loved Bell because the actress shared a similarity with her, that girls could be funny. "So she was a fantastic collaborator," Lee added.[4] Songwriting duo Kristen-Anderson Lopez and Robert Lopez later commented that they had written a lot of first songs for Kristen, for Anna but, "The more we were working with Kristen Bell, the more, the more she influenced." They quickly understand who Anna was because Anna's Kristen Bell.[46]

text: Anna's costumes in the film were informed by the research of Norwegian clothing styles. Based on these findings, art director Brittney Lee and her team later found out what materials should be used for the costumes.[32] Co-director Jennifer Lee created a cheerful wardrobe featuring "playful" floral patterns and saturated colors in order to accurately reflect Anna's personality. The animators also took into account the climate that Anna is living in, costuming her in heavy wools and velvets, reflecting traditional winter clothing of the Scandinavian area.[47][48] The animators added structures to the costumes in a way, such as pleated dresses, that allows movements, giving the character a free range of "twirl[ing] all she wants" throughout the film. In order to deepen the cultural context of the film, rosemaling, a traditional form of Norwegian decorative folk art, was added to almost every character's costumes.[32] Anna and her sister, Elsa, also enjoyed a large number of types of costumes and the layers of costuming that have never been done before. As these characters are running around in the snow, they have to have petticoats, undergarments, capes, "and they have all these layers and layers of things that are all meticulously designed," Brittney explained.[29][32]

text: Character model[edit]

text: Anna has distinguishable facial features of a typical Disney heroine, including big eyes, thin lips and a small nose. Her physical appearance has drawn much comparison between her and Rapunzel from Tangled, however there are considerable differences between them. Anna's eyes are slightly more upturned, her cheeks are a bit fuller, her face and chin are generally rounder, and her eyebrows and eyelashes are thicker than Rapunzel's. She also has more freckles than Rapunzel and even has them on her shoulders. Anna's eyebrows wrinkle when they move, and she has prevalent neck muscles that appear when she speaks.[49] Anna's travel outfit generally consists of magenta, black, dark and light blue, with flowery designs on the bottom of her dress.[50]

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Frozen[edit]

text: Anna is the younger child in the royal family of Arendelle, whose older sister, Elsa is born with the power to create and control ice and snow. As children, they enjoy the life of princesses using Elsa's abilities to create a winter wonderland for their enjoyment. After they create a snowman named Olaf in the throne room, Elsa accidentally strikes Anna unconscious with her magic. The king and queen hurriedly take Anna to the mountain trolls for help. The troll king, Pabbie, erases Anna's memory of her sister's magic, nulling Elsa's power, only leaving memory of the fun the sisters shared. Pabbie warns Elsa to control her powers—a strike to Anna's heart would have been fatal. In an effort to protect Anna, the king and queen lock the castle gates and generally restrict Elsa to her new separate bedroom. Confused by the sudden loss of contact by Elsa, Anna makes repeated failed attempts to draw her out of her room. Elsa cares too much for her sister, traumatized by the near-death experience and she resists reconnecting with Anna. Eventually, the younger sister ceases trying to rekindle their bond. The sisters become even more isolated from each other after their parents, the King and Queen of Arendelle, die in a shipwreck. Devastated by the news, Anna tries to reunite with her sister, looking for love and comfort in the tragedy. Elsa remains in her room, not attending her parents' funeral.

text: Three years later, when Elsa becomes a young adult, she is set to be crowned queen. The people of Arendelle are joyously preparing for her coronation day. Anna is flushed with excitement as the castle gates are opened for the first time since the sisters' childhood. The young princess expresses how cheerful she is when she leaves her lonely life and meets people, as well as her hopes to find romance and a love interest. While exploring the town, Anna bumps into a horse owned by Prince Hans of the Southern Isles. Despite the awkward meeting at first, the pair quickly get acquainted and develop a mutual attraction for each other. Though Elsa fears of her secret being revealed to the public, her coronation goes on without incident. At the reception party, Anna is offered a waltz from Hans and the two have a date around the kingdom. They later find out that they have much in common, and Anna agrees to Hans' marriage proposal. Anna asks for Elsa's blessing to marry Hans, but she refuses and criticizes her for engaging with someone she has just met. This raises an argument between the two with Anna losing her temper, culminating in Elsa getting angry and accidentally exposing her abilities. Upon the guests' (including Anna) horrified reactions, Elsa flees the castle in panic and goes into hiding in the icy mountains. During her retreat, she inadvertently unleashes an eternal winter throughout Arendelle. Far from there, Elsa decides to let go her powers and build an enormous ice palace. Anna, believing it's her fault, determines to find her sister and bring her back, leaving Hans in charge of Arendelle.

text: At a trading post on her journey, Anna meets a mountain man named Kristoff, an ice harvester who agrees to lead her to the North Mountain, where he knows that a magical phenomenon has occurred and helps her escape a pack of wolves, resulting in his sled being destroyed after falling down into a large hole and catching on fire. The duo and Kristoff's reindeer Sven, where being chased by wolves on the way and encounter the sister's snowman, Olaf, who was unknowingly brought to life by Elsa and later leads them to her palace. The sisters reunite, but Elsa is reluctant to help Anna by ending the eternal winter. Upset, she loses control of her powers, striking Anna in her heart. Desperate to get her sister to leave, Elsa creates a giant snow creature, and it throws Anna and her friends away from the palace. Upon noticing Anna's hair is turning white, Kristoff takes her back to his adoptive family of trolls. Pabbie tells Anna that her heart has been frozen by her sister's magic and only an act of true love can save her from freezing completely. Kristoff, believing that a romantic kiss from Hans will heal her, takes Anna back to the kingdom.

text: Meanwhile, Hans has led a group of soldiers to the ice palace. Elsa's defenses are not enough and she is taken back to Arendelle's dungeon unconscious. At the castle, Anna's request for a kiss is denied by Hans, who reveals their engagement was merely a ploy to seize the throne of Arendelle. He locks Anna in her room without a fire, leaving her to die. Hans falsely claims that Anna is already dead and that they spoke their marriage vows before she died, making him the ruler of Arendelle. Olaf aids Anna while revealing to her Kristoff's love for her. Elsa also escapes into the fjord, her fears triggering a massive blizzard, but breaks down in shock when Hans tells her that she killed Anna and the blizzard stops. While the end of the storm allows Anna to reunite with Kristoff, she sees Hans ready to kill Elsa, and with her final breath, she stops him from killing her sister and inadvertently knocks him unconscious just as she freezes solid—a result of the earlier accident.

text: As Elsa grieves for her sister, Anna begins to thaw, since her choice to sacrifice herself to save her elder sister rather than herself constitutes "an act of true love". Realizing love is the key to controlling her powers, Elsa is able to thaw the kingdom and use her magic safely in public. Anna confronts Hans and punches him in the face, making him fall off the ship into the water. She then buys Kristoff a previously-promised new sled and they share a kiss, starting their new relationship. Anna and Elsa's sisterly bond is rekindled, with Elsa promising never to shut the castle gates again, much to Anna's joy.

text: Frozen Fever[edit]

text: Nearly a year after the events of the movie, Elsa throws a birthday for Anna. However Anna discovers, through Elsa's continuous sneezing that Elsa has caught a cold. Despite trying to make the party perfect for her sister, Elsa's sneezes create tiny snowmen which try to take the cake for themselves, and she nearly falls off the clocktower due to her condition. Afterwards Anna takes Elsa to rest and feeds her soup, while Kristoff, Sven, and Olaf help transport the snowmen to Elsa's ice palace in the mountains.

text: Olaf's Frozen Adventure[edit]

text: Anna appears in a 21-minute Frozen holiday film along with Elsa, Kristoff, Sven, and Olaf, which debuted in theaters for a limited time engagement[51] with Disney·Pixar's Coco on November 22, 2017.[52] It made its television debut on ABC on December 14, 2017.[53]

text: Miscellaneous[edit]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: On November 6, 2013, Disney Consumer Products began releasing a line of merchandise featuring Anna in Disney Store and other retailers.[54][55] Various versions of Anna dolls include the fashion doll set, the mini-doll set, plush doll, Anna-as-a-toddler doll,[55] and a special version called Musical Magic Elsa and Anna Dolls, which lights up and plays their signature songs that appear in the film when users hold their hands or they hold each other's hands.[54][56] Anna's merchandise also covers a wide range of other products, such as rolling luggage, boots, clothes, nightgowns, bowls, plates, coffee mugs, and home décors.[54][55] In addition, the film was adapted as simplified storybooks for children, with diverse versions featuring sound effects, original character voices,[57] and mini projectors that project movie images on the wall.[58] One of those books, called A Sister More Like Me, includes illustrations by Brittney Lee, the film's visual development artist.[59][60][61] Both Anna and Elsa appear as playable characters in Disney Infinity through the use of their corresponding figurines.[62]

text: Theme parks[edit]

text: In November 2013, prior to the release of Frozen, Anna and Elsa began daily meet-and-greet sessions at Walt Disney Parks and Resorts in Florida and California, US. In Walt Disney World, the sisters had their debut on October 22, 2013, in a temporary attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios while their main attractions in Epcot were being built,[63] then officially made appearances in the Norway Pavilion of Epcot on November 2, 2013,[64] alongside a gallery of Norwegian culture which the film's setting and design drew inspirations from.[65] A cottage called the "Royal Reception" was set up in the Fantasyland section of Disneyland, featuring the pair and an audio-animatronic Olaf speaking on the cottage roof.[66] In February 2014, these meet-and-greet sessions were extended indefinitely, with wait time to meet the princesses frequently exceeding two hours, which is longer than any previous Disney characters.[67][68] As of March 2014[update], it was reported that this wait time had reached four or five hours.[69] Additionally, Elsa, Anna, and Olaf were given a Frozen-themed float for Disneyland Paris' Disney Magic on Parade.[70][71][72][73] On March 9, 2014, the three made appearances again on their own Frozen parade float in Festival of Fantasy Parade at Magic Kingdom theme park, Walt Disney World, with Anna showing up in her coronation dress for the first time in a Disney park.[74] On April 20, 2014, Anna and Elsa moved from Epcot to the Princess Fairytale Hall at Magic Kingdom, with wait time to see the characters amounted to three hours, comparing to Cinderella and Rapunzel's 15 minutes.[75][76]

text: Anna made a few appearances in Disney California Adventure's Winter Dreams, a 30-minute, winter-themed new show of the nighttime spectacle World of Color with Olaf, the show's host, and Elsa.[77][78] Disneyland Paris's nighttime spectacular Disney Dreams! featured Anna as the French co-narrator of the show, alongside the English-speaking Olaf.[73][79] Scenes from the original film, featuring Anna and other characters like Olaf and Kristoff, appear on the castle while Elsa is singing "Let It Go", during the Frozen segment in the Magic Kingdom nighttime projection show, Celebrate the Magic.[80] Coinciding with the film's release, Anna began making meet-and-greet sessions aboard the Disney Cruise Line's Disney Dream cruise ship.[81]

text: On May 16, 2014, it was announced that Disneyland would debut a Frozen pre-parade featuring Anna, Elsa, and Olaf. It premiered June 13, 2014, and preceded performances of Mickey's Soundsational Parade.[82] From July 5 to September 1, 2014, as part of 'Frozen' Summer Fun show at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Anna and Elsa will appear in a horse-drawn sleigh making their way down Hollywood Boulevard, alongside Kristoff and skaters, skiers and ice cutters in the Anna and Elsa's Royal Welcome section. The sisters also made appearances in For the First Time in Forever: A Frozen Sing-Along Celebration, where they were joined by royal historians to retell the history of Arendelle; and "Frozen" Fireworks Spectacular alongside Kristoff and Olaf, a fireworks display set to the music of Frozen. Other characters from the film will also appear in their respective offerings: Olaf in Olaf on Summer Vacation, the Oaken's family in Wandering Oaken's Trading Post & Frozen Funland, and "Coolest Summer Ever" Dance Party featuring a DJ and live band.[83][84] In response to strong demand, Disney Parks subsequently announced on August 7 that Frozen Summer Fun would be extended to September 28.[85]

text: On August 19, 2014, it was initially announced that Elsa & Anna's Boutique (replacing Studio Disney 365) would open mid-September in Downtown Disney at the Disneyland Resort. The opening date was later changed to October 6, 2014, and the store name was changed to "Anna & Elsa's Boutique". The location includes products inspired by Anna, Elsa, and Olaf.[86][87][88][89]

text: While there hadn't been any official announcements from Disney regarding a coronation for Anna and Elsa, it had been announced in late August 2014 that a special character meal would be held by a group of travel agents in the morning of September 24, 2014. While not officially organized by Disney, the event, called My Royal Coronation, would feature the official Anna and Elsa characters owned by Disney with assistance from the company.[90] On September 12, 2014, Walt Disney World announced that a Frozen attraction was scheduled to open in early 2016 at Epcot's World Showcase in the Norway pavilion, replacing the park's Maelstrom ride. The attraction features the kingdom of Arendelle with music and scenes from the film, as well as meet-and-greets with Anna and Elsa.[91][92] Anna, Elsa, Kristoff, and Olaf will make appearances in Mickey’s Once Upon a Christmastime Parade, offered during Mickey’s Very Merry Christmas Party at Magic Kingdom in November and December 2014[91] (from November 7 to December 31).[92]

text: On November 13, 2014, prior to "A Sparkling Christmas" Evert, Anna and Elsa began meet-and-greet sessions at Hong Kong Disneyland.[93]

text: Beginning December 20, 2014, the Anna and Elsa meet and greet at Disneyland Resort was moved from Disneyland park to a new location in the Disney Animation Building called "Anna and Elsa’s Royal Welcome" in Disney California Adventure. In addition, the Storybook Land Canal Boats at Disneyland were updated to include the village of Arendelle from the film, including Anna and Elsa's castle. Officially starting January 7, 2015, Anna began making appearances alongside Elsa and Kristoff at Disney California Adventure in "For the First Time in Forever—A Frozen Sing-Along Celebration" in Hollywood Land as part of the park's "Frozen Fun" event. Also starting January 7, Anna and Elsa are making appearances in a Frozen play at the Royal Theatre in Disneyland park.[94][95]

text: Beginning May 22, 2015, Disneyland debuted a new nighttime parade called "Paint the Night", which includes a Frozen float featuring Anna, Elsa, and Olaf, as part of the park's 60th anniversary celebration.[96]

text: Broadway musical[edit]

text: Patti Murin will originate the role of Anna in the upcoming Broadway musical, which is scheduled to open spring 2018.[97]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reviews[edit]

text:
"What's so great about Frozen is that we get two strong heroines, both complex and flawed whose journeys are incredibly identifiable. Anna is plucky and socially awkward and that's great because many girls will identify with a girl who isn't necessarily naturally poised like some of the original princesses. This is a girl who hasn't had much human contact and when she does just explodes into unfiltered extroversion and naiveté."

—Sabina Ibarra, Geek Exchange film critic.[98]

text: Collider.com writer Matt Goldberg referred to Anna as a character who "can go from cute to melancholy to odd to defiant and never miss a beat".[99] Emma Koonse of Christian Post described her and Elsa as the "most lovable and charismatic characters yet",[41] while Tony Hicks of San Jose Mercury News wrote that both Anna and Elsa were depicted as devoted from the start, and "[Anna's] confusion and Elsa's anguish as she shuts herself away from the world—and her sister—is palatable."[100] Deepanjana Pal from First Post commented that Anna "is very much a child who needs to grow up and she does in the course of the film."[101] The Wall Street Journal suggested that the character become more endearing for being "exactly the free spirit she seems to be".[102] Noah Lee of The Coast News was impressed by the heroine duo Anna and Elsa, and said, "I never lost interest in the drastic measures Anna took or the tribulations Elsa faced."[103] Travis Bean, a reviewer of Community Newspaper Group put emphasis on the lessons that kids could perceive from the film, saying, "Children can also root for Anna to race through the forest and break through Elsa's icy walls and prove that love conquers all fears."[104] Linda Barnard, Toronto Star film critic, described the sisters as "engaging female characters", particularly praised Anna for her funny and iron-willed characteristics.[105] Sabina Ibarra from Geek Exchange commended that the directors had crafted two very real girls "who come into their own and also come together in this amazing tale."[98]

text: Kristen Bell was lauded for her performance as Anna in the film. Michelle Im, writing for the Eye of the Tiger referred to the character as "bubbly and spirited", and commented, "Not only was [Bell] able to nail those vibratos and belting notes in her songs, it was actually her singing them."[106] The Coast News review of the film wrote that Bell "earns top marks" for instilling a spirited sensibility in the clumsy but well-meaning Anna.[103] Cinenerd, a film critic for Blogcritics, commended the actress' singing ability, stating that she and Menzel "sing their hearts out, with two showstoppers in Let it Go and For the First Time in Forever".[107] Colin Covert of Colorado Springs' The Gazette considered Bell's performance as a "flawless delivery".[13] Matt Goldberg extolled the relationship between Anna and her elder sister Elsa, writing, "There's so much to love about Frozen, but at the top of the list is the emphasis on [Anna] and Elsa's relationship. Anna still has an infatuation with the charming Hans and romantic chemistry with the flustered Kristoff, but her greatest love is for her sister. [Elsa] is mostly scared and guilt-ridden. She's an incredibly sympathetic character, and it's a fresh spin on depicting estrangement between siblings. Anna has so much life and enthusiasm, and we want to see her share it with Elsa."[99] Magdalena Lachowicz of The Heights referred to this sisterly bond as "what truly makes the film and the moral that comes with it", commenting, "the plot is set up to lead the viewer into thinking that it needs to be true love's kiss—something which Anna then goes to seek. This journey sends her on a difficult adventure in which she learns about both sacrifice and love."[108] Debbie Lynn Elias of Culver City Observer commented, "Female driven with confidence and positivity, Elsa and Anna are like two sides of a coin, both strong, albeit one through power and confidence and the other through clumsy sticktuitiveness and love,"[109] while Stephen Holden from The New York Times appreciated that instead of a romantic attachment, it was a sisterly love and devotion that drove the story, which departed greatly from traditional Disney formula.[110] Noah Lee described Anna and Elsa's relationship as "genuine", saying, "watching those themes of family and love versus isolation and fear touched my heart in more ways than one."[103]

text: However, the character was not without criticisms. Michelle Im from the Eye of the Tiger referred to Anna's falling immediately in love with a prince as the only personal development in her character, and found it "disappointing" in comparison with Elsa's emotionally evolving personality.[106] Anna Smith of The Guardian disliked that both Anna and Elsa were drawn with slender figures and large eyes as is typical of Disney princesses.[111]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Both Anna and Elsa were nominated for Best Animated Female by the Alliance of Women Film Journalists, with only Anna winning the award.[112] Frozen also won Women Film Critics Circle award in the same category.[113]


document_title: Technical writing

question_text: which word best describes the process of writing technical documents

text: Technical writing

text: Overview[edit]

text: Technical writing is performed by a technical writer and is the process of writing and sharing information in a professional setting.[3]:4 A technical writer's primary task is to convey information to another person or party in the most clear and effective manner possible.[3]:4 The information that technical writers convey is often complex, and it is one of their main tasks to analyze the information and present it in a format that is easy to read and understand.[3]:12–14A good technical writer needs strong writing and communication skills. They do not only convey information through text, and must be proficient with computers as well. They use a wide range of programs to create and edit illustrations, diagramming programs to create visual aids, and document processors to design, create, and format documents.[4]

text: While commonly associated with online help and user manuals, technical writing covers a wide range of genres and technologies. Press releases, memos, business proposals, datasheets, product descriptions and specifications, white papers, résumés, and job applications are but a few examples of documents that are considered forms of technical writing.[5]

text: History[edit]

text: While technical writing has only been recognized as a profession since World War II,[6]:2 its roots can be traced to classical antiquity.[7]:233 Critics cite the works of writers like Aristotle as the earliest forms of technical writing.[7]:234 Geoffrey Chaucer's work, Treatise on the Astrolabe, is an early example of a technical document and is considered to be the first technical document published in English.[8]

text: With the invention of the mechanical printing press, the onset of the Renaissance and the rise of the Age of Reason, the need to document findings became a necessity, and inventors and scientists like Isaac Newton and Leonardo da Vinci prepared documents that chronicled their inventions and findings.[6]:1 While never called technical documents during their period of publication, these documents played a crucial role in developing modern forms of technical communication and writing.[6]

text: The field of technical communication grew during the Industrial Revolution.[9]:3 This increased the need to instruct people how to use the more and more complex machines that were being invented and used.[9]:8 However, unlike the past, where skills were handed down through oral traditions, no one besides the inventors knew how to use these new devices. Writing thus became the fastest and most effective way to disseminate information, and writers who could document these devices were desired.[9]

text: During the 20th century, the need for technical writing skyrocketed, and the profession finally became officially recognized. The events of World War I and World War II led to advances in medicine, military hardware, computer technology, and aerospace technologies.[6]:2 This rapid growth, coupled with the urgency of war, created an immediate need for well-designed and written documents that chronicled the use of these technologies. Technical writing was in high demand during this time, and became an official job title during World War II.[6]:1

text: Following World War II, technological advances led to an increase in consumer goods and standards of living.[6]:3 During the post-war boom, public services like libraries and universities, as well as transport systems like buses and highways saw massive amounts of growth, and the need for writers to chronicle these processes increased.[6]:1 It was also during this period that computers started being used in large businesses and universities. Notably, in 1949, Joseph D. Chapline authored the first computational technical document, an instruction manual for the BINAC computer.[10]

text: The discovery of the transistor in 1947 allowed computers to be produced more cheaply than ever before.[6]:3 These cheaper prices meant that computers could now be purchased by individuals and small businesses.[6]:3 And as a result of the computer's growing prominence, the need for writers who could explain and document these devices grew.[6]:3 The profession of technical writing saw further expansion during the 1970s and 1980s as consumer electronics found their way into the homes of more and more people.[6]

text: In recent years, the prominence of computers in society has led to many advances in the field of digital communications, leading to many changes in the tools technical writers use.[6]:3 Hypertext, word processors, graphics editing programs, and page layout software have made the creation of technical documents faster and easier than ever before, and technical writers of today must be proficient in these programs.[3]:8–9

text: Techniques[edit]

text: Good technical writing is concise, focused, easy to understand, free of errors, and is audience-based.[11]:7 Technical writers focus on making their documents as clear as possible, avoiding overly technical phrases and stylistic choices like passive voice and nominalizations.[3]:236–245 Because technical documents are used in real-world situations, it should always be explicitly clear what the subject matter of a technical document is and what should be done with the presented information. It would be disastrous if, for example, a technical writer's instructions on how to use a high-powered X-ray machine were difficult to decipher.

text: Technical writing requires a writer to extensively examine his or her audience.[3]: 84–114 A technical writer needs to be aware of his or her audience's existing knowledge about the material he or she is discussing as the knowledge base of the writer's audience will determine the content and focus of a document.[3]: 84–114 For example, an evaluation report discussing a scientific study's findings that is written to a group of highly skilled scientists will be very differently constructed than one intended for the general public. Technical writers do not have to be subject-matter experts (SMEs) themselves and generally collaborate with SMEs to complete tasks that require more knowledge about a subject than they possess.[3]:51

text: Technical writing must be accurate. A technical writer, after analyzing his or her audience, knows what they are trying to communicate. The goal from there is to convey the message in an accurate and ethical manner. Physical, environmental, or financial repercussions could result if a writer does this incorrectly. Knowing the audience is important to accuracy because the language will be tailored according to what they understand about the subject at hand. For example, instructions on how to correctly and safely build a bookshelf are included when purchased. Those instructions are constructed so that anyone could follow along, including accurate details as to where each fastener goes. If those instructions were inaccurate, the bookshelf could be unstable and fail.[12]

text: Document design and layout are also very important components of technical writing.[3]:261–286 Technical writers spend large amounts of time ensuring their documents are readable, because a poorly designed document hampers a reader's comprehension. Technical document design stresses proper usage of document design choices like bullet points, font-size, and bold text.[13] Images, diagrams, and videos are also commonly employed by technical writers because these media can often convey complex information, like a company's annual earnings or a product's design features, far more efficiently than text.[3]:306–307

text: Technical documents[edit]

text: Technical writing covers many genres and writing styles depending on the information and audience.[3]:84–114 Technical documents are not solely produced by technical writers. Almost anyone who works in a professional setting produces technical documents of some variety. Some examples of technical writing include:

text:
Instructions and procedures are documents that help either developers or end users operate or configure a device or program.[11]:226 Examples of instructional documents include user manuals and troubleshooting guides for computer programs, computer hardware, household products, medical equipment, mechanical products and automobiles.
Proposals. Most projects begin with a proposal—a document that describes the purpose of a project, the tasks that will be performed in the project, the methods used to complete the project, and finally the cost of the project.[11]:191 Proposals cover a wide range of subjects. For example, a technical writer may author a proposal that outlines how much it will cost to install a new computer system, a marketing professional may write a proposal with the product offerings and a teacher may write a proposal that outlines how a new biology class will be structured.
Emails, letters, and memoranda are some of the most frequently written documents in a business.[11]:117 Letters and emails can be constructed with a variety of goals—some are aimed at simply communicating information while others are designed to persuade the recipient to accomplish a certain task. While letters are usually written to people outside of a company, memoranda (memos) are documents written to other employees within the business.[11]:118
Press releases. When a company wants to publicly reveal a new product or service, they will have a technical writer author a press release, a document that describes the product's functions and value to the public.[14]
Specifications are design outlines that describe the structure, parts, packaging, and delivery of an object or process in enough detail that another party can reconstruct it.[15] For example, a technical writer might diagram and write the specifications for a smartphone or bicycle so that a manufacturer can produce the object.
Descriptions are shorter explanations of procedures and processes that help readers understand how something works.[3]:564 For example, a technical writer might author a document that shows the effects of greenhouse gases or demonstrates how the braking system on a bike functions.
Résumés and job applications are another example of technical documents.[11]:284–285 They are documents that are used in a professional setting to inform readers of the author's credentials.
Technical reports are written to provide readers with information, instructions, and analysis on tasks.[11]:141–143 Reports come in many forms. For example, a technical writer might evaluate a building that is for sale and produce a trip report that highlights his or her findings and whether or not he or she believes the building should be purchased. Another writer who works for a non-profit company may publish an evaluation report that shows the findings of the company's research into air pollution.
Case study is a published report about a person, group, or situation that has been studied over time; also : a situation in real life that can be looked at or studied to learn about something.[16] For example, an individual's challenging situation at his or her workplace and how he or she resolved it is a case study.
White papers are documents that are written for experts in a field and typically describe a solution to a technological or business challenge or problem.[11]:644 Examples of white papers include a piece that details how to make a business stand out in the market or a piece explaining how to prevent cyber-attacks on businesses.
Web sites. The advent of hypertext has changed the way documents are read, organized, and accessed. Technical writers of today are often responsible for authoring pages on websites like "About Us" pages or product pages and are expected to be proficient in web development tools.[17]:484–504
Datasheets are the document that summarize the features, key specifications, technical characteristics, application circuits and some other important information about the product, machine, equipment, software, application, system in brief.

tag: ul

text: Tools[edit]

text: The following tools are used by technical writers to author and present documents:

text:
Desktop publishing tools or word processors. Word processors such as Scrivener, Microsoft Word, Apple Pages, and LibreOffice Writer are used by technical writers to author, edit, design, and print documents. Since technical writing is as much about the page's layout as it is the written language, Desktop Publishing tools such as Adobe FrameMaker and LyX are also used by Technical Writers.[18] These programs function similarly to word processors but provide users with more options and features for the document's design and automate much of the formatting.[19]
Help authoring tools are used by technical writers to create the help systems that are packaged with software products, delivered through web browsers or provided as files users can view on their computers.[20] When writing instructional procedures for incredibly complex programs or systems, technical writers will use these tools to assist them and simplify the process.
Image editing software. Often, images and other visual elements can portray information better than paragraphs of texts.[3]:306–307 In these instances, image editing software like Adobe Photoshop and GIMP are used by technical writers to create and edit the visual aspects of documents like photos, icons, and diagrams.
Collaborative software programs. Because technical writing often involves communication between multiple individuals who work for different companies, it can be a collaborative affair.[3]:57 Thus, technical writers use Wiki Systems like MediaWiki , eXo Platform and Atlassian Confluence and shared document workspaces like Microsoft SharePoint and Google Docs to work with other writers and parties to construct technical documents.[3]:74
Web development tools. Technical writers' jobs are no longer limited to just producing documents. They must now also produce content for company's corporate and other professional web sites.[17]:485 Web Development Tools like Adobe Dreamweaver are standard tools in the industry that technical writers are expected to be proficient in.
Graphing software. In order to portray statistical information like the number of visits to a restaurant or the amount of money a university spends on its sporting programs, technical writers will use graphs and flowcharts.[3]:306–307 While programs like Microsoft Excel and Word can create basic graphs and charts, sometimes technical writers must produce incredibly complex and detailed graphs that require functions not available in these programs. In these instances, powerful graphing and diagramming tools like Microsoft Visio are used to effectively organize and design graphs and diagrams.[21]
Screen capture tools Technical writers commonly use Screen Capture Tools like Camtasia and Snagit to capture their desktops.[22][23] When creating instructions for computer software, it's much easier for a technical writer to simply record themselves completing a task than it is to write a lengthy series of instructions that describe how the task must be performed. Screen capture tools are also used to take screenshots of programs and software running on user's computers and then to create accompanying diagrams.

text: List of associations[edit]

text:
Association for Business Communication
Czech Society for Technical Communication
European Association for Technical Communication
IEEE Professional Communication Society
Institute of Scientific and Technical Communicators
International Association of Business Communicators
SIGDOC
Society for Technical Communication
Korea Technical Communications Association
COM&TEC[24]


document_title: Helter skelter (ride)

question_text: where does the word helter skelter come from

text: Helter skelter (ride)

text: History[edit]

text: The term "helter-skelter" was first recorded in the United Kingdom at Hull Fair in October 1905, taking its name from the much older adverb meaning "in confused, disorderly haste". Other recorded names for the slide include Canadian slide, alpine glide, lighthouse slip, slipping the slip and glacier slip.[1]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The ride inspired the Beatles song of the same name and is also mentioned in the songs "Tonight, Tonight, Tonight" from Genesis, "Ball and Chain" by XTC, "Fade In-Out" by Oasis, "Fat Gal" by Merle Travis, "Wild Child" by Enya, "American Pie" by Don McLean, "Bloodbath in Paradise" by Ozzy Osbourne, "Arabella" by Arctic Monkeys, "Black Curtains" by Megadeth, and "1969" by Ulver. In March 2010, The Shapeshifters also released a track called "Helter Skelter". A version of the ride is featured briefly in the credit sequence of the K-On! movie as part of the music video for "Singing!"

text: The ride is also shown on the popular Five (UK) and Nickelodeon (US) children's programme Peppa Pig.

text: In the long-running television series, Doctor Who, there is an unseen helter skelter in the TARDIS, just before the wardrobe.[2]

text: This ride appears in the PC games RollerCoaster Tycoon and RollerCoaster Tycoon 2 renamed the Spiral Slide. There is also a snake Helter-Skelter in RollerCoaster Tycoon 3.

text: In Midsomer Murders series 13, Episode 3 "Blood on the Saddle", a Helter Skelter is used as a sniper perch.

text: A variation of the ride is shown in the Nintendo 64 game Banjo Tooie within the level "Witchyworld".

text: In Jamie And The Magic Torch, the eponymous hero opens a magical portal to Cuckooland, which takes the form of a helter-skelter.


document_title: Patriot Day

question_text: when did 9/11 start being called patriot day

text: Patriot Day

text: History[edit]

text: In the immediate aftermath of the attacks, President George W. Bush,  proclaimed Friday September 14, 2001, as a National Day of Prayer and Remembrance for the Victims of the Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001.[1]

text: A bill to make September 11 a national day of mourning was introduced in the U.S. House on October 25, 2001, by Rep. Vito Fossella (R-NY) with 22 co-sponsors, among them 11 Democrats and 11 Republicans.[2] The bill requested that the President designate September 11 of each year as Patriot Day.  Joint Resolution 71 passed the House by a vote of 407–0, with 25 members not voting.[3] The bill passed the Senate unanimously on November 30.  President Bush signed the resolution into law on December 18 as Pub.L. 107–89.[4]  On September 4, 2002, President Bush used the authority of the resolution to proclaim September 11, 2002, as the first Patriot Day.

text: Original co-sponsors in the House were:[2]

text:
Gary Ackerman (D-NY)
Rick Boucher (D-VA)
Eliot L. Engel (D-NY)
Phil English (R-PA)
Randy Forbes (R-VA)
Benjamin A. Gilman (R-NY)
Felix Grucci (R-NY)
Maurice Hinchey (D-NY)
Steve Israel (D-NY)
Peter T. King (R-NY)
Ray LaHood (R-IL)
Nita Lowey (D-NY)
Carolyn B. Maloney (D-NY)
Michael R. McNulty (D-NY)
Jim Moran (D-VA)
Jerrold Nadler (D-NY)
John E. Peterson (R-PA)
Thomas M. Reynolds (R-NY)
Ed Schrock (R-VA)
Don Sherwood (R-PA)
Ed Towns (D-NY)
James T. Walsh (R-NY)

text: From 2009 to 2016, President Barack Obama proclaimed September 11 as Patriot Day and National Day of Service and Remembrance, in observance of Pub.L. 111–13, the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act.[5][6][7][8][9]

text: In 2017 and 2018, President Donald Trump proclaimed September 8–10 as National Days of Prayer and Remembrance,[10][11][12] and proclaimed September 11 as Patriot Day.[13][14][15][16]

text: Observance[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The flag of the United States is flown at half-staff at the White House and on all U.S. government buildings and establishments throughout the world; flags are also encouraged to be displayed on individual American homes.  Additionally, a moment of silence is observed to correspond with the attacks, beginning at 8:46 a.m. (Eastern Daylight Time), the time the first plane, American Airlines Flight 11, struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.

text: Patriot Day is not a federal holiday; schools and businesses remain open in observance of the occasion, although memorial ceremonies for the victims are often held. Volunteer and service opportunities are coordinated by the Corporation for National and Community Service.