document_title: Geography of Argentina

question_text: what is most of the land in argentina used for

root

text: Geography of Argentina

text: Regions[edit]

text: Argentina's provinces are divided in 7 zones regarding climate and terrain. From North to South, West to East:

tag: p

text:
Argentine Northwest: Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca, La Rioja
Gran Chaco: Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero
Mesopotamia: Misiones, Corrientes
Central: Córdoba, Entre Ríos
Cuyo: San Juan, Mendoza, San Luis
The Pampas: Santa Fe, La Pampa, Buenos Aires
Patagonia: Rio Negro, Neuquén, Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego

tag: ul

text: Land use[edit]

text:
Arable land: 13.9%
Permanent crops: 0.4%
Permanent pastures: 39.6%
Forest: 10.7%
Other: 35.4% (2011)
Irrigated land: 23,600 km² (2012)
Total renewable water resources: 814 km3/yr

text: Mountains and hills[edit]

text: Water resources[edit]

text: In Argentina, the fluvial net is integrated by many systems of different economic relevance, which could be measured by their amount of flow and navigability. Water flow relevance is based on its potential to be used for irrigation and as a source of energy. Depending on where the water streams drain, rivers and creeks could be classified into three different kinds of watersheds:

text:
Open or exorheic watersheds: they have exterior drainage (into the sea) - Parana River, Uruguay River, Negro River
Closed or endorheic watersheds: they have interior drainage - Atuel River, Diamante River, Tunuyan River
Areic watersheds: they lack of drainage and could be found in the center-west of the chaquenean plain, on the west of the pampean region and in some patagonic areas

text: On the other hand, lakes and lagoons are permanent accumulations of water over impervious depressions. Their difference is mainly based on their extension and depth. They are very important for stream regulation, as a source of energy, tourist attraction and its ichthyologic wealth. In Argentina, all major lakes are in Patagonia (Carlevari and Carlevari, 2007).

text: Rivers[edit]

text: Except in the northeast there are few large rivers, and many have only seasonal flows. Nearly all watercourses drain eastward toward the Atlantic, but a large number terminate in lakes and swamps or become lost in the thirsty soils of the Pampas and Patagonia. The four major rivers systems are those that feed into the Río de la Plata estuary, those made up of the Andean streams, those of the central river system, and those of the southern system.

text: The Paraná, the second-longest river in South America after the Amazon, flows approximately 4,900 km and forms part of the borders between Brazil and Paraguay, and Paraguay and Argentina. Its upper reaches feature many waterfalls. It is joined by the Iguazú River (Río Iguaçu) where it enters Argentina in the northeast. This area is well known throughout the world for the spectacular Iguazú Falls (Cataratas Iguaçu, meaning "great water"). One of the world's great natural wonders, they are located on the border between Argentina and Brazil with two-thirds of the falls in Argentina. They include approximately 275 falls, ranging between 60 and 80 m high. These falls are higher and wider than Niagara Falls on the border of the United States and Canada. Other tributaries of the Paraná, which feed in from the west, are the Bermejo, Bermejito, Salado, and Carcarañá.

text: The Uruguay River (1,600 km) forms a part of the borders between Argentina and Brazil and Argentina and Uruguay. It is navigable for about 300 km from its mouth to Concordia. The 2,550-km Paraguay River forms part of the border between Paraguay and Argentina, and flows into the Paraná north of Corrientes and Alto Paraná. These all join to flow into the Río de la Plata, and eventually into the Atlantic Ocean in northern Argentina. Where these rivers meet, a wide estuary is formed, which can reach a maximum width of 222 km.

text: In north central Argentina, Lake Mar Chiquita is supplied with its water by several rivers. The Dulce River originates near San Miguel de Tucumán and flows southwest into the lake. From the southwest it is also fed by the Primero and Segundo Rivers.

text: In the northern Patagonia region, the major rivers are the Colorado and Negro Rivers, both of which rise in the Andes and flow to the Atlantic Ocean. The Colorado is fed by the Salado River, which flows from Pico Ojos del Salado in a southeasterly direction to the Colorado. Tributaries of the Salado include the Atuel, Diamante, Tunuyán, Desaguadero, and the San Juan, all of which originate in the northwest Andes. The Negro also has two main tributaries of its own, the Neuquén and the Limay. In the central Patagonia region the Chubut rises in the Andes and flows east to form a sizable lake before making its way to the ocean. The Lake District is also coursed by its share of rivers, all originating in the mountains and flowing to the Atlantic. These include the Deseado, Chico, Santa Cruz, and Gallegos Rivers.

text: Lakes[edit]

text: The Los Lagos Region (Lake District), on the border of Chile and Argentina in the Andes mountain region, contains many glacial lakes that are carved out of the mountains then filled by melt-water and rain. The most significant of these is Lago Buenos Aires, also known as General Carrera, located in southern Argentina and shared with Chile. It is the largest lake in the country and the fifth largest in all of South America with an average surface area of 2,240 km2.

text: Moving south along the border one would encounter Lago San Martín, Lago Viedma, and finally Lago Argentino, the second largest lake in this region with an area of 1466 km2. Not far from Lake Buenos Aires on the Castillo Plain near Comodoro Rivadavia is Lake Colhue Huapi.

text: One of the world's largest salt lakes, and the second largest lake in Argentina, is Lake Mar Chiquita (Little Sea), located in central Argentina. Its surface area varies from year to year and season to season, but has in it wettest periods spanned 5,770 km2. The reservoir created by the Chocón dam, located on the Río Negro, is one of the country's largest manmade lakes.

text: Wetlands[edit]

text: Iberá, in the northeast of Argentina, is a biologically rich region, with more than sixty ponds joined to marshes and swampland. The area is extremely humid, and is home to hundreds of bird species and thousands of insects, including a wide variety of butterflies. The area hosts a diverse array of flora and fauna, notably the royal water lily, silk-cotton trees, alligators, and capybara, the largest rodent species in the world.

text: Climate[edit]

text: Argentina is subject to a variety of climates. The north of the country, including latitudes in and below the Tropic of Capricorn, is characterized by very hot, humid summers (which result in a lot of swamp lands) with mild drier winters, and is subject to periodic droughts during the winter season.

text: Central Argentina has hot summers with tornadoes and thunderstorms (in western Argentina producing some of the world's largest hail), and cool winters. The southern regions have warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall, especially in mountainous zones. Higher elevations at all latitudes experience cooler conditions.

text: Geographical politics[edit]

text: International agreements:

text:
Party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

text: Strategic importance:

text: Location relative to sea lanes between South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage)

text: Territorial claims[edit]

text:
Land claims

Falkland Islands
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Argentine Antarctica

Maritime claims on Argentine Sea

Territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
Contiguous zone: 24 nmi (44.4 km; 27.6 mi)
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi)
Continental shelf: 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) or to the edge of the continental margin

text: National parks[edit]

text: The National Parks of Argentina make up a network of 30 national parks in Argentina. The parks cover a very varied set of terrains and biotopes, from Baritú National Park on the northern border with Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego National Park in the far south of the continent (see List of national parks of Argentina).

text: The creation of the National Parks dates back to the 1903 donation of 73 square kilometres of land in the Lake District in the Andes foothills by Francisco Moreno. This formed the nucleus of a larger protected area in Patagonia around San Carlos de Bariloche. In 1934, a law was passed creating the National Parks system, formalising the protected area as the Nahuel Huapi National Park and creating the Iguazú National Park. The National Park Police Force was born, enforcing the new laws preventing tree-felling and hunting. Their early task was largely to establish national sovereignty over these disputed areas and to protect borders.

text: Five further national parks were declared in 1937 in Patagonia and the service planned new towns and facilities to promote tourism and education. Six more were declared by 1970.

text: In 1970 a new law established new categories of protection, so that there now were National Parks, National Monuments, Educational Reserves and Natural Reserves. Three national parks were declared in the 1970s. In 1980, another new law affirmed the status of national parks - this law is still in place. The 1980s saw the service reaching out to local communities and local government to help in the running and development of the national parks. Ten more national parks were created with local co-operation, sometimes at local instigation. In 2000, Mburucuyá and Copo National Parks were declared, and El Leoncito natural reserve was upgraded to a national park.

text: The headquarters of the National Park Service are in downtown Buenos Aires, on Santa Fe Avenue. A library and information centre are open to the public. The administration also covers the national monuments, such as the Petrified Forest, and natural and educational reserves.

text:
Los Cardones National Park

Los Glaciares National Park

Tierra del Fuego National Park

Nahuel Huapi National Park

Iguazú National Park

El Palmar National Park

Laguna Blanca National Park

text: Antipodes[edit]

text: Argentina is largely antipodal to central and coastal China.


document_title: Six (TV series)

question_text: when is the tv show six coming back on

question_tokens: when is the tv show six coming back on

text: Six (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series chronicles the operations and daily lives of operators who are part of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU), more commonly known as SEAL Team Six, which is one of the U.S. Armed Forces' primary counter-terrorism units.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Barry Sloane as Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-8) Joe "Bear" Graves a.k.a Foxtrot Delta 1/FD1 [6]
Kyle Schmid as Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-7) Alex Caulder a.k.a Foxtrot Delta 2/FD2 [7]
Juan Pablo Raba as Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-8) Ricky "Buddha" Ortiz a.k.a Foxtrot Delta 3/FD3 [8]
Edwin Hodge as Special Warfare Operator First Class (E-6) Robert Chase a.k.a Foxtrot Delta 6/FD6 [9]
Brianne Davis as Lena Graves[10]
Nadine Velazquez as Jackie Ortiz[10]
Dominic Adams as Michael Nasry[11]
Walton Goggins as Former Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-8) Richard "Rip" Taggart[12]
Jaylen Moore as Chief Special Warfare Operator (E-7) Armin "Fishbait" Khan a.k.a Foxtrot Delta 4/FD4
Eric Ladin as Special Warfare Operator First Class (E-6) Trevor Wozniak (season 2)[13]
Olivia Munn as Gina Cline, a high-level CIA Operations Officer (season 2)[14]
Nikolai Nikolaeff as Tamerlin Shishoni, a Chechen/Jihadi mastermind (season 2)[15]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Nondumiso Tembe as Na'omi Ajimuda
Lindsley Register as Dharma Caulder
Tyla Harris as Esther
Jarreth J. Merz as Emir Hatim Al-Muttaqi
Donny Boaz as Special Warfare Operator First Class (E-6) Beauregard "Buck" Buckley a.k.a Foxtrot Delta 5/FD5 (season 1)
Rus Blackwell as Commander (O-5) Atkins, the commanding officer of White Squadron.
Zeeko Zaki as Akmal Barayev
Joshua Gage as Ricky Ortiz, Jr.
Jessica Garza as Anabel Ortiz
Britt Rentschler as Tammi Buckley
Angela Relucio as Lieutenant Junior Grade (O-2) Camille Fung
Katherine Evans as Marissa (season 2)[15]
Erik Palladino as Commander Scott Hughes (season 2)[16]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
8
January 18, 2017 (2017-01-18)
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)

2
10[17]
May 28, 2018 (2018-05-28)[17]
TBA

tag: table

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Lesli Linka Glatter
David Broyles & William Broyles
January 18, 2017 (2017-01-18)
1.73[18]

While on a mission in Afghanistan in 2014, U.S. Navy SEAL troop leader Rip Taggart makes a questionable decision when he takes out a possible threat, working for the terrorist Muttaqi, who claims he's American. Two years later, Rip is disbanded from his team and is working as a private security contractor in Nigeria helping to protect an all girls school. While on assignment, Rip is captured by terrorist organization Boko Haram, prompting Rip's former squadmates within SEAL Team Six, including one new member, to locate and rescue him. It is revealed that the brother of the boy Rip killed is alive and active.

2
2
"Her Name Is Esther"
Lesli Linka Glatter
David Broyles
January 25, 2017 (2017-01-25)
1.50[19]

While Rip sits in captivity resigned to his death at the hands of his captors, the rest of his old team engages a terrorist cell on a boat who has knowledge of his whereabouts. Bear and his wife visit a fertility clinic despite his reservations about the cost. Buddha is having troubles with his family.

3
3
"Tour of Duty"
Kimberly Peirce
Bruce C. McKenna
February 1, 2017 (2017-02-01)
1.74[20]

The reasons behind Rip's departure from SEAL Team Six are revealed. In conjunction with executing the prisoner in Afghanistan, he was also known to be an alcoholic, straining his relationship with his then-wife. While his whereabouts were known to his old teammates through a videoclip that the Boko Haram have transmitted, Rip unsuccessfully tries to escape. Michael, the brother of the American killed by Rip who now works for Muttaqi, plots revenge against him by planning to pay the ransom that Boko Haram put on Rip's head and keeping him after.

4
4
"Man Down"
Mikael Salomon
Alfredo Barrios Jr.
February 8, 2017 (2017-02-08)
1.55[21]

SEAL Team Six attempt to rescue Rip, as well as the kidnapped school girls and their teacher from the Boko Haram. However upon arrival in the camp, they discover the hostages gone, and the Boko Haram captors dead. They get themselves into a firefight with a group of soldiers left behind by Michael, who wounded SEAL operative Buckley.

5
5
"Collateral"
Peter Werner
Karen Campbell
February 15, 2017 (2017-02-15)
1.60[22]

SEAL Team Six deal with the loss of their teammate Buckley, who had died from his wounds at the Boko Haram compound. Meanwhile, Michael relocates the prisoners to Chad, where Muttaqi has a recruitment center for anyone who wants to enlist in his terrorist organization. Rip is forced to admit his "war crimes" on live television, particularly the time when he killed Michael's brother.

6
6
"Confession"
Clark Johnson
William Broyles & Bruce C. McKenna
February 22, 2017 (2017-02-22)
1.48[23]

SEAL Team Six deal with the fallout over Rip's confession video. They infiltrate the home of the sister of Michael's colleague, Akmal, who owns the jihad training center in Chad. Caulder's adultery is revealed while Bear's frustrations with his previous mission strains his marriage to Lena. Meanwhile, Michael's decision to capture Rip and kill his captors in the process comes to the attention of Muttaqi, who punishes him by honoring Rip's offer of exchanging him and the school girls for 20 of his imprisoned colleagues and giving Michael to Boko Haram to execute him.

7
7
"Blood Brothers"
Mikael Salomon
David Broyles & Bruce C. McKenna
March 1, 2017 (2017-03-01)
1.35[24]

SEAL Team Six learns of the training facility's location in Chad and performs a reconnaissance mission to identify present targets and locate Rip and the hostages. Meanwhile, Rip and Michael form an uneasy alliance to create a power struggle within Muttaqi's organization, barely persuading Akmal in turning on his leader.

8
8
"End Game"
Alex Graves
David Broyles & Alfredo Barrios Jr.
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
1.59[25]

During the assault on the training facility, Rip kills Muttaqi before attempting an escape with the hostages. Michael assumes leadership of the group and attempts to recapture the prisoners. SEAL Team Six intervenes and successfully rescues the hostages while Michael recaptures Rip. A team composed of Caulder, Chase, and Ortiz corners Michael and Rip, taking Michael into custody. During the aftermath of the rescue, a withdrawn Rip attempts to disappear, only to be mortally wounded by one of Michael's recent recruits.

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text: The History Channel aired an hour-long special on May 23, 2018, entitled Mission Debrief, as a recap of season 1.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [17]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

9
1
"Critical"
TBA
TBA
May 28, 2018 (2018-05-28)
TBD

10
2
"Ghosts"
TBA
TBA
May 30, 2018 (2018-05-30)
TBD

11
3
"Dua"
TBA
TBA
June 6, 2018 (2018-06-06)
TBD

12
4
"Seesaw"
TBA
TBA
June 13, 2018 (2018-06-13)
TBD

13
5
"Masks"
TBA
TBA
June 20, 2018 (2018-06-20)
TBD

14
6
"Indian Country"
TBA
TBA
June 27, 2018 (2018-06-27)
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Joe Manganiello was originally cast as Rip Taggart[26] but left the series in April 2016 "due to a 'manageable' preexisting health issue".[27] About a week after Manganiello's departure, Walton Goggins was cast as his replacement. All of the already done shoots with Manganiello's character, nearly two full episodes, had to be re-shot.[12] Also Christopher Backus had been cast, but left the project to be on the series Roadies before the series started shooting.[28]

text: Season two, which consists of 10 episodes,[29] is being produced by a new production company, Six 2 North Productions Inc. Kimberly Peirce and Colin Bucksey are directors, with George Perkins the executive producer. Season two began filming on July 17, 2017, in Metro Vancouver, around Pemberton,[30] and throughout British Columbia, and will complete filming on November 23, 2017.[31][32]

text: Reception[edit]

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 62% based on 13 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Six's well-crafted action and engaging characters are intriguing in spite of the show's trite premise and familiar narrative."[33] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 54 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[34]


document_title: List of Prime Ministers of Canada by military service

question_text: how many canadian prime ministers served in the military

text: This is a list of the Prime Ministers of Canada and their military service

text: The Prime Minister is not Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces, rather the role is held by the Queen of Canada and is held on behalf of the monarch by the Governor General of Canada.

text:
Prime Minister
Service
Rank
Active Service

Sir John A. Macdonald
Sedentary Militia
Private
Kingston during Upper Canada Rebellion 1837; Minister of Militia and Defence 1860-1867

Alexander Mackenzie
Canadian Militia
Major
None; member of militia in Lambton, Ontario (1866–1874)

Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott
Canadian Militia
commanding officer (Lieutenant Colonel?)
None; officer of 11th Argenteuil Battalion militia in Montreal area (1866-1874?)

Sir John Sparrow David Thompson
none
none
none

Sir Mackenzie Bowell
Canadian Militia
Lieutenant Colonel
Canadian militia posted along the border during the American Civil War; member of 49th (Hastings) Battalion of Rifles militia unit in North Hastings, Ontario (1867–1872); Minister of Militia and Defence 1892 and 1896 (acting)

Sir Charles Tupper
none
none
none

Sir Wilfrid Laurier
none
none
none

Sir Robert Laird Borden
none
none
none

Arthur Meighen
none
none
none

William Lyon Mackenzie King
none
none
none

Richard Bedford Bennett
none
none
none

Louis St. Laurent
none
none
none

John Diefenbaker
Canadian Expeditionary Force (Permanent Active Militia)
Lieutenant
Served during World War I (1916–1917) in Britain as member of 196th Battalion (Western Universities), CEF

Lester Bowles Pearson
Canadian Expeditionary Force (Permanent Active Militia)
Lieutenant
Served during World War I in Greece and Egypt as member of Canadian Army Medical Corps and later in the Royal Flying Corps as Pilot (1915–1918) in Britain

Pierre Trudeau
Canadian Army Home Service / Canadian Army Reserve
Officer cadet
None; Served in Canadian Officers' Training Corps from 1943 to 1945 in Montreal during World War II, but never deployed overseas

Joe Clark
none
none
none

John Napier Turner
none
none
none

Brian Mulroney
none
none
none

Kim Campbell
none
none
none; Minister of National Defence 1993

Jean Chrétien
none
none
none

Paul Martin
none
none
none

Stephen Harper
none
none
none

Justin Trudeau
none
none
none

text: Only seven Prime Ministers have served in the military:

text:
Four Prime Ministers served in volunteer militia units (see Canadian Militia) attached to the British Army in Canada in later part of the 19th century
One Prime Minister (Trudeau) was a cadet (not a full member) of the volunteer Canadian Army during World War II
Only Diefenbaker and Pearson served as officers and overseas (during World War I)
Seven Prime Ministers were members of the Army (none in the Navy or Air Force)
One Prime Minister (Pearson) served in a non-Canadian military unit, the Royal Flying Corps (later RAF) during World War I

text: Two Prime Ministers have been Minister of Militia and Defence (Macdonald and Bowell) and one as Minister of National Defence (Campbell).

text: Sources[edit]

text:
[show]

v
t
e

 Lists of Prime Ministers of Canada

Main

List of Prime Ministers
Premiership timeline
Lifespan timeline

Ranked

Time in office
Constituency
Religion
Surveys
birth date and place
Longevity
Date of death

Personal

Residence
Military service
Education
Spouses
Children
Parents
Burial places
Popular culture

Lists of related positions

Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada

by time in office

Governors General of Canada
Canadian monarchs
Leaders of the Opposition

Related lists

Bibliography
Federal parliaments
Political parties by time in office
Minority governments
Political families

 Book
 Category
 Portal

text: Military careersLists of Prime Ministers of Canada


document_title: Half dollar (United States coin)

question_text: when was the last 50 cent piece made

question_tokens: when was the last 50 cent piece made

text: Half dollar (United States coin)

text: Circulation[edit]

text: Half dollar coins saw heavy use, particularly in the first half of the 20th century. For many years, they were commonly (and in many areas still are) used by the gambling community. Rolls of half dollars may still be kept on hand in cardrooms for games requiring 50-cent antes or bring-in bets, for dealers to pay winning naturals in blackjack, or where the house collects a rake in increments. Additionally, some concession vendors at sporting events distribute half dollar coins as change for convenience.

text: By the early 1960s, the rising price of silver was nearing the point where the bullion value of U.S. silver coins would exceed face value. In 1965, the U.S. introduced layered composition coins made of a copper core laminated between two cupronickel outer faces. The silver content of dimes and quarters was eliminated, but the Kennedy half dollar composition still contained silver (reduced from 90 to 40 percent) from 1965 to 1970.

text: Half dollars issued through the end of the 1960s were hoarded as the only precious metal U.S. coins remaining in production, and as the price of silver continued to rise, pre-1964 halves disappeared from circulation as well. By the time that the coin's composition was changed to match that of the clad dimes and quarters in 1971, both businesses and the public had begun to adapt to a country in which the half dollar did not generally circulate. The half saw a moderate increase in usage during the mid 1970s, only to fall again by the end of the decade. The quarter then took over the half's role as the highest-value component of change in general use.

text: Most coins enter circulation through the change drawers of businesses. Few businesses stock their change drawers with half dollars, and some banks do not stock them at all. Most banks do not hand them out as normal business practice, so the coins see little circulation. Most U.S. vending machines do not accept half dollars, nor do payphones, which further curtails their circulation; Many transit systems however, accept halves and the coin is the most common denomination used for U.S. commemorative coins.[3]

text: Since 2002, half dollars have been minted only for collectors, due to large Federal Reserve and government inventories on hand of pre-2001 pieces; this is mostly due to lack of demand and large quantity returns from casino slot machines that now operate "coinless". Eventually, when the reserve supply runs low, the mint will again fill orders for circulation half dollars.[citation needed] It took about 18 years (1981–1999) for the large inventory stockpile of a similar low-demand circulation coin, the $1 coin, to reach reserve levels low enough to again produce circulation pieces.[citation needed] Modern-date half dollars can be purchased in proof sets, mint sets, rolls, and bags from the U.S. Mint, and existing inventory circulation pieces can be ordered through most U.S. banks. All collector issues since 2001 have had much lower mintages than in previous years. Although intended only for collectors, these post-2001 half dollars sometimes find their way into circulation.[4]

text: Aspects of early history[edit]

text: On December 1, 1794, the first half dollars, approximately 5,300 pieces, were delivered. Another 18,000 were produced in January 1795 using dies of 1794, to save the expense of making new ones.[5] Another 30,000 pieces were struck by the end of 1801. The coin had the Heraldic Eagle, based on the Great Seal of the United States on the reverse.[5] 150,000 were minted in 1804 but struck with dies from 1803, so no 1804 specimens exist, though there were some pieces dated 1805 that carried a "5 over 4" overdate.[5]

text: In 1838, half dollar dies were produced in the Philadelphia Mint for the newly established New Orleans Mint, and ten test samples of the 1838 half dollars were made at the main Philadelphia mint. These samples were put into the mint safe along with other rarities like the 1804 silver dollar. The dies were then shipped to New Orleans for the regular production of 1838 half dollars. However, New Orleans production of the half dollars was delayed due to the priority of producing half dimes and dimes. The large press for half dollar production was not used in New Orleans until January 1839 to produce 1838 half dollars, but the reverse die could not be properly secured, and only ten samples were produced before the dies failed. Rufus Tyler, chief coiner of the New Orleans mint, wrote to Mint Director Patterson of the problem on February 25, 1839.[6] The Orleans mint samples all had a double stamped reverse as a result of this production problem and they also showed dramatic signs of die rust, neither of which are present on the Philadelphia produced test samples. While eight Philadelphia minted samples survive to this day, there is only one known New Orleans minted specimen with the tell-tale double stamped reverse and die rust. This is the famous coin that Rufus Tyler presented to Alexander Dallas Bache (great grandson of Benjamin Franklin) in the summer of 1839 and was later purchased in June 1894 by A. G. Heaton, the father of mint mark coin collecting.[7] The 1838 Philadelphia-produced half dollars are extremely rare, with two separate specimens having sold for $632,500 in Heritage auctions in 2005 and 2008[8] respectively. The sole surviving Orleans minted 1838 is one of the rarest of all American coins.[9][10] In 1840 this mint produced nearly 180,000 half dollars.[5]

text: In 1861, the New Orleans mint produced coins for three different governments. A total of 330,000 were struck under the United States government, 1,240,000 for the State of Louisiana after it seceded from the Union, and 962,633 after it joined the Confederacy. Since the same die was used for all strikings, the output looks identical. However the Confederate States of America actually minted four half dollars with a CSA (rather than USA) reverse and the obverse die they used had a small die crack. Thus "regular" 1861 half dollars with this crack probably were used by the Confederates for some of the mass striking.[11]

text: There are two varieties of Kennedy half dollars in the proof set issues of 1964. Initially, the die was used with accented hair, showing deeper lines than the president's widow, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, liked. New dies were prepared to smooth out some of the details. It is estimated that about 1 to 3% (40,000 to 100,000) of the proof halves are of the earlier type, making them somewhat more expensive for collectors.[12]

text: List of designs[edit]

text:
Silver half dollars

Flowing Hair 1794–1795[13]
Draped Bust 1796–1807

Draped Bust, Small Eagle 1796–1797[14]
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle 1801–1807[15]

Capped Bust 1807–1839

Capped Bust (Large Size), With Motto 1807–1836[16]
Capped Bust (Small Size), No Motto 1836–1839[17]

Seated Liberty 1839–1891

Seated Liberty, No Motto 1839–1866[18]
Seated Liberty, With Motto 1866–1891[19]

Barber 1892–1915[20]
Walking Liberty 1916–1947[21]
Franklin 1948–1963[22]
Kennedy 1964 (General circulation issue)[23] (the last 90% silver half dollar for circulation, contains 0.36169 oz. net silver per coin, or 7.234 oz. silver per roll)
Kennedy 1992–present (silver proof sets available)

40% silver half dollars

Kennedy 1965–1969
Kennedy 1970 (collectors sets only)
Kennedy 1976 (only collectors sets produced with 40% silver)

Copper-nickel clad half dollars

Kennedy 1971–1974, 1977–1986, 1988–2001 (general circulation issues)
Kennedy 1987, 2002–present (collectors only)
Kennedy Bicentennial 1975–1976 (all dated 1776–1976.)

Various half dollar designs

text: List of early commemorative issues[edit]

text:
Columbian half dollar (1892–1893)
Panama–Pacific half dollar (1915)
Illinois Centennial half dollar (1918)
Maine Centennial half dollar (1920)
Pilgrim Tercentenary half dollar (1920–1921)
Missouri Centennial half dollar (1921)
Alabama Centennial half dollar (1921)
Grant Memorial half dollar (1922)
Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar (1923)
Huguenot-Walloon half dollar (1924)
Lexington-Concord Sesquicentennial half dollar (1925)
Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar (1925)
California Diamond Jubilee half dollar (1925)
Fort Vancouver Centennial half dollar (1925)
United States Sesquicentennial half dollar (1926)
Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar (1926–1939)
Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar (1927)
Hawaii Sesquicentennial half dollar (1928)
Maryland Tercentenary half dollar (1934)
Texas Centennial half dollar (1934–1938)
Daniel Boone Bicentennial half dollar (1934–1938)
Connecticut Tercentenary half dollar (1935)
Arkansas Centennial half dollar (1935–1939)
Arkansas-Robinson half dollar (1936)

Hudson Sesquicentennial half dollar (1935)
California Pacific International Exposition half dollar (1935–1936)
Old Spanish Trail half dollar (1935)
Rhode Island Tercentenary half dollar (1936)
Cleveland Centennial half dollar (1936)
Wisconsin Territorial Centennial half dollar (1936)
Cincinnati Musical Center half dollar (1936)
Long Island Tercentenary half dollar (1936)
York County, Maine Tercentenary half dollar (1936)
Bridgeport, Connecticut Centennial half dollar (1936)
Lynchburg Sesquicentennial half dollar (1936)
Elgin, Illinois, Centennial half dollar (1936)
Albany Charter half dollar (1936)
San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge half dollar (1936)
Columbia, South Carolina Sesquicentennial half dollar (1936)
Delaware Tercentenary half dollar (1936)
Battle of Gettysburg half dollar (1936)
Norfolk, Virginia Bicentennial half dollar (1936)
Roanoke Island half dollar (1937)
Battle of Antietam half dollar (1937)
New Rochelle, New York half dollar (1938)
Iowa Centennial half dollar (1946)
Booker T. Washington Memorial half dollar (1946–1954)