document_title: Chicago Bears

question_text: when's the last time the chicago bears made the playoffs

question_tokens: when 's the last time the chicago bears made the playoffs

text: Chicago Bears

text: Franchise history

text: 1919–1939: Early Bears

text: In March of 1920 a man telephoned me ... George Chamberlain and he was general superintendent of the A.E. Staley Company ... In 1919, [the company's Fellowship Club] had formed a football team. It had done well against other local teams but Mr. Staley wanted to build it into a team that could compete successfully with the best semi-professional and industrial teams in the country ... Mr. Chamberlain asked if I would like to come to Decatur and work for the Staley Company.

text: Originally named the Decatur Staleys, the club was established by the A. E. Staley food starch company of Decatur, Illinois in 1919 as a company team. This was the typical start for several early professional football franchises. The company hired George Halas and Edward "Dutch" Sternaman in 1920 to run the team. The 1920 Decatur Staleys season[11] was their inaugural regular season completed in the newly formed American Professional Football Association (later renamed the National Football League (NFL) in 1922).

text: Full control of the team was turned over to Halas and Sternaman in 1921.[12] Official team and league records cite Halas as the founder as he took over the team in 1920 when it became a charter member of the NFL.[13]

text: The team relocated to Chicago in 1921, where the club was renamed the Chicago Staleys. Under an agreement reached by Halas and Sternaman with Staley, Halas purchased the rights to the club from Staley for US$100.

text: In 1922, Halas changed the team name from the Staleys to the Bears.[14] The team moved into Wrigley Field, which was home to the Chicago Cubs baseball franchise. As with several early NFL franchises, the Bears derived their nickname from their city's baseball team (some directly, some indirectly – like the Bears, whose young are called "cubs").[15] Halas liked the bright orange-and-blue colors of his alma mater, the University of Illinois, and the Bears adopted those colors as their own, albeit in a darker shade of each (the blue is Pantone 5395, navy blue, and the orange is Pantone 1665, similar to burnt orange).[16][17]

text: The Staleys/Bears dominated the league in the early years. Their rivalry with the Chicago Cardinals, the oldest in the NFL (and a crosstown rival from 1920 to 1959), was key in four out of the first six league titles. During the league's first six years, the Bears lost twice to the Canton Bulldogs (who took two league titles over that span), and split with their crosstown rival Cardinals (going 4–4–2 against each other over that span), but no other team in the league defeated the Bears more than a single time. During that span, the Bears posted 34 shutouts.

text: The Bears' rivalry with the Green Bay Packers is one of the oldest and most storied in American professional sports, dating back to 1921 (the Green Bay Packers were an independent team until they joined the NFL in 1921). In one infamous incident that year, Halas got the Packers expelled from the league in order to prevent their signing a particular player, and then graciously got them re-admitted after the Bears had closed the deal with that player.[18]

text: The franchise was an early success under Halas, capturing the NFL Championship in 1921 and remaining competitive throughout the decade. In 1924 the Bears claimed the Championship after defeating the Cleveland Bulldogs on December 7, even putting the title "World's Champions" on their 1924 team photo. But the NFL had ruled that games after November 30 did not count towards league standings, and the Bears had to settle for second place behind Cleveland.[19] Their only losing season came in 1929.

text: During the 1920s the club was responsible for triggering the NFL's long-standing rule that a player could not be signed until his college's senior class had graduated. The NFL took that action as a consequence of the Bears' aggressive signing of famous University of Illinois player Red Grange within a day of his final game as a collegian.[20]

text: Despite much of the on-field success, the Bears were a team in trouble. They faced the problem of increased operating costs and flatlined attendance. The Bears would only draw roughly 5,000–6,000 fans a game, while a University of Chicago game would draw 40,000–50,000 fans a game. By adding top college football draw Red Grange to the roster, the Bears knew that they found something to draw more fans to their games. C.C. Pyle was able to secure a $2,000 per game contract for Grange, and in one of the first games, the Bears defeated the Green Bay Packers, 21–0. However, Grange remained on the sidelines while learning the team's plays from Bears quarterback Joey Sternaman. Later in 1925, The Bears would go on a barnstorming tour, showing off the best football player of the day. 75,000 people paid to see Grange lead the Bears to a 17–7 victory over the Los Angeles Tigers, who were a quickly put together team of West Coast college all-stars. After a loss to San Francisco, the Bears cruised to a 60–3 over a semi-pro team called the Portland All Stars.[21]

text: Any hopes that Grange would lead the Bears to glory in 1926 were quickly dashed. A failed contract talk led to Grange bolting to the AFL's New York Yankees, owned by Pyle. The Bears also lost star quarterback Joey Sternaman, who joined the Chicago Bulls of the AFL. The Bears replaced Grange with Paddy Driscoll, a star football player in his own right. The Bears used the money made from the Grange barn-storming tour to sign the man that replaced him. Grange split his time between making movies and playing football. However, the time was not right to have two competing pro football leagues, and the AFL folded after only one season. Grange would return to the Bears.[21]

text: After the financial losses of the 1932 Championship season, Halas' partner Dutch Sternaman left the organization. Halas maintained full control of the Bears until his death in 1983. He also coached the team off-and-on for forty seasons, an NFL record. In the 1932 "Unofficial" NFL Championship, the Bears defeated the Portsmouth Spartans in the first indoor American football game at Chicago Stadium.

text: The success of the playoff game led the NFL to institute a championship game. In the very first NFL Championship, the Bears played against the New York Giants, defeating them 23–21. The teams met again in the 1934 NFL Championship where the Giants, wearing sneakers[22] defeated the Bears 30–13 on a cold, icy day at the Polo Grounds.

text: 1940s: The Monsters of the Midway

text: From 1940–1947, quarterback Sid Luckman led the Bears to victories in four out of the five NFL Championship Games in which they appeared. The team acquired the University of Chicago's discarded nickname "Monsters of the Midway" and their now-famous helmet "C", as well as a newly penned theme song that declared them "The Pride and Joy of Illinois". One famous victory during that period was their 73–0 victory over the favored Washington Redskins at Griffith Stadium in the 1940 NFL Championship Game; the score is still an NFL record for lopsided results.[23] The secret behind the one-sided outcome was the introduction of a new offensive formation by Halas. The T-formation, as Halas named it, involved two running backs instead of the traditional one in the backfield. Luckman established himself as one of the franchise's most elite quarterbacks. Between 1939 and 1950, He set the Bears' passing records for most career touchdowns, yards, and completions. Many of Luckman's records stood for decades before they were eclipsed by Jay Cutler in 2014.[24] Cutler then went on to break Luckman's franchise record for most career passing touchdowns a year later in 2015.[25]

text: 1950s–1968: Late-Halas era

text: After declining throughout the 1950s, the team rebounded in 1963 to capture its eighth NFL Championship, which would be its last until 1985. The late 1960s and early-1970s produced notable players like Dick Butkus, Gale Sayers, and Brian Piccolo,[26] who died of embryonal carcinoma in 1970. The American television network ABC aired a movie about Piccolo in 1971 entitled Brian's Song, starring James Caan and Billy Dee Williams in the roles of Piccolo and Sayers respectively; Jack Warden won an Emmy Award for his performance as Halas. The movie was later released for theater screenings after first being shown on television. Despite Hall of Fame careers, Butkus and Sayers would also have their careers cut short due to injuries, hamstringing the Bears of this era.

text: Halas retired as coach in 1967 and spent the rest of his days in the front office. He became the only person to be involved with the NFL throughout the first 60 years of its existence. He was also a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame's first induction class in 1963. As the only living founder of the NFL at the February 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League, the owners honored Halas by electing him the first President of the National Football Conference, a position that he held until his death in 1983. In his honor, the NFL named the NFC Championship trophy as the George Halas Memorial Trophy.

text: 1969–1982: Struggles

text: After the merger, the Bears finished the 1970 season last place in their division, a repeat of their placing in the 1969 season. In 1975, the Bears drafted Walter Payton from Jackson State University with their first pick. He won the NFL Most Valuable Player Award in the 1977–78 season.[27][28] Payton would go on to eclipse Jim Brown's NFL career rushing record in 1984 before retiring in 1987, and would hold the mark until 2002, when Emmitt Smith of the Dallas Cowboys surpassed it.[29] Payton's career and personality would capture the hearts of Bear fans, who called him "Sweetness". He died from a rare form of liver cancer in 1999 at the age of 45.

text: On November 1, 1983, a day after the death of George Halas, his oldest daughter, Virginia McCaskey, took over as the majority owner of the team. Her husband, Ed McCaskey, succeeded her father as the Chairman of the Board.[30] Their son Michael became the third president in team history.[31] Mrs. McCaskey holds the honorary title of "secretary of the board of directors", but the 90-year–old matriarch has been called the glue that holds the franchise together.[32] Mrs. McCaskey's reign as the owner of the Bears was not planned, as her father originally earmarked her brother, George "Mugs" Halas Jr. as the heir apparent to the franchise. However, he died of a massive heart attack in 1979. Her impact on the team is well-noted as her own family has dubbed her "The First Lady of Sports", and the Chicago Sun-Times has listed her as one of Chicago's most powerful women.[33]

text: 1985: Super Bowl Champions

text: Mike Ditka, a tight end for the Bears from 1961 to 1966, was hired to coach the team by George Halas in 1982. His gritty personality earned him the nickname "Iron Mike". In the 1985 season the fire in the Bears–Packers rivalry was relit when Ditka used 315 pound defensive tackle "Refrigerator" Perry as a running back in a touchdown play at Lambeau Field, against the Packers. The Bears won their ninth NFL Championship, first since the AFL-NFL merger, in Super Bowl XX after the 1985 season in which they dominated the NFL with their then-revolutionary 46 defense and a cast of characters that recorded the novelty rap song "The Super Bowl Shuffle". The season was notable in that the Bears had only one loss, the "unlucky 13th" game of the season, a Monday night affair in which they were defeated by the Miami Dolphins. At the time, much was made of the fact that the 1972 Dolphins were the only franchise in history to have had an undefeated season and post-season. The Dolphins came close to setting up a rematch in the Super Bowl, but lost to the New England Patriots in the AFC title game. "The Super Bowl Shuffle" was videotaped the day after that Monday night loss in Miami.

text: 1986–2003: Post-Super Bowl

text: After the 1985 Championship season, the Bears remained competitive throughout the 1980s but failed to return to the Super Bowl under Ditka. Between the firing of Ditka and the hiring of Lovie Smith, the Bears had two head coaches, Dick Jauron and Dave Wannstedt. While both head coaches led the team to the playoffs once (Wannstedt in 1994 and Jauron in 2001), neither was able to accumulate a winning record or bring the Bears back to the Super Bowl. Therefore, the 1990s was largely considered to be a disappointment.

text: Before the Bears hired Jauron in January 1999, Dave McGinnis (Arizona's defensive coordinator, and a former Bears assistant under Ditka and Wannstedt) backed out of taking the head coaching position. The Bears scheduled a press conference to announce the hiring before McGinnis agreed to contract terms.[34] Soon after Jauron's hiring, Mrs. McCaskey fired her son Michael as president, replacing him with Ted Phillips and promoting Michael to chairman of the board.[35] Phillips, the current Bears president, became the first man outside of the Halas-McCaskey family to run the team.[36]

text: 2004–2012: Lovie Smith era

text: Lovie Smith, hired on January 15, 2004, is the third post-Ditka head coach. Joining the Bears as a rookie head coach, Smith brought the highly successful Tampa 2 defensive scheme with him to Chicago. Before his second season with the Bears, the team rehired their former offensive coordinator and then Illinois head coach Ron Turner to improve the Bears' struggling offense.[37] In 2005, the Bears won their division and reached the playoffs for the first time in four years. Their previous playoff berth was earned by winning the NFC Central in 2001. The Bears improved upon their success the following season, by clinching their second consecutive NFC North title during Week 13 of the 2006 season, winning their first playoff game since 1995, and earning a trip to Super Bowl XLI.[38] However, they fell short of the championship, losing 29–17 to the Indianapolis Colts. Following the 2006 season, the club decided to give Smith a contract extension through 2011, at roughly $5 million per year. This comes a season after being the lowest paid head coach in the National Football League.[39]

text: The club has played in over a thousand games since becoming a charter member of the NFL in 1920. Through the 2010 season, they led the NFL in overall franchise wins with 704 and had an overall record of 704–512–42 (going 687–494–42 during the regular season and 17–18 in the playoffs).[40] On November 18, 2010 the Bears recorded franchise win number 700 in a win against the Miami Dolphins.

text: The Bears made one of the biggest trades in franchise history, acquiring Pro Bowl quarterback Jay Cutler from the Denver Broncos in exchange for Kyle Orton and draft picks on April 2, 2009. After a disappointing 2009 campaign with the team going 7–9,[41] Mike Martz was hired as the team's offensive coordinator on February 1, 2010.[42] On March 5, 2010, the Bears signed defensive end Julius Peppers, running back Chester Taylor, and tight end Brandon Manumaleuna, spending over $100 million on the first day of free agency.[43] Also during the 2010 offseason, Michael McCaskey was replaced by brother George McCaskey as chairman of the Bears.[44] With a 38–34 win against the New York Jets, the Bears clinched the No. 2 seed and a first-round bye for the 2010–11 NFL playoffs. In their first Playoff game since Super Bowl XLI, The Bears defeated the No. 4 seed Seattle Seahawks 35–24 in the Divisional Round. The Bears reached the NFC Championship Game, where they played Green Bay Packers at Soldier Field – only the second playoff meeting between the two storied rivals, the only other game played in 1941.[45] The Bears lost the game, 21–14.

text: The team started the 2011 season strong with a 7–3 record, and running back Matt Forté led the NFL in total yards from scrimmage. Eventually, quarterback Jay Cutler fractured his thumb, and Forté also was lost for the season against the Kansas City Chiefs after spraining his MCL, and the Bears, with Caleb Hanie playing, lost five straight before winning against the Minnesota Vikings with Josh McCown starting in favor over Hanie. At season's end, general manager Jerry Angelo was fired, and former Chiefs director of scouting and former Bears scout Phil Emery was brought in. Offensive coordinator Mike Martz resigned, and eventually retired, and was replaced by offensive line coach Mike Tice. The Bears made another notable move by trading for Miami Dolphins receiver and Pro Bowl MVP Brandon Marshall.[46] The Bears became the first team in NFL history to return six interceptions for touchdowns in the first seven games of the season, with another pick-six by Brian Urlacher in Week 9 bringing Chicago two behind the record set by the 1961 San Diego Chargers.[47] However, the Bears missed the playoffs with a record of 10–6 (after starting the season 7–1, the first team to start with the record and miss the playoffs since the 1996 Washington Redskins),[48] and Smith was fired on December 31.[49]

text: 2013–2014: Marc Trestman era

text: Then-CFL head coach and former NFL journeyman Marc Trestman was hired to succeed Smith after an exhaustive search that included at least 13 known candidates.[50][51] On March 20, 2013, Brian Urlacher's 13-year tenure with the Bears ended when both sides failed to agree on a contract.[52] The Trestman era began on September 8 with a 24–21 win over the Cincinnati Bengals, making Trestman the fourth head coach in Bears history to win in his coaching debut, after George Halas (1920), Neill Armstrong (1978) and Dick Jauron (1999).[53] The Bears ended the 2013 season 8–8. The following season was a disaster for the Bears, as they finished 5–11 and last in the NFC North. Trestman and Emery were fired after the season ended.[54]

text: 2015–2017: John Fox era

text: The Bears hired Ryan Pace of the New Orleans Saints to be their new general manager on January 8, 2015.[55] On January 16, 2015, John Fox accepted a four-year deal to become head coach.[56] In Fox's first season as head coach, the Bears saw improvements from 2014; after USA Today projected the Bears to win three games,[57] they doubled that total and finished the season with a 6–10 record, including a Thanksgiving win over the Packers at Lambeau Field.[58]

text: However, during the 2016 season, the Bears regressed heavily, compiling a 3–13 record, their worst since the NFL's change to 16-game seasons in 1978. The season included several injuries to starters and secondary players, including Jay Cutler, who only played five games as a result of two separate injuries.[59] The team's backup quarterback Brian Hoyer would then start the next three games before being out for the season with a broken arm and was replaced by Matt Barkley, who made his first career start with the Bears.[60][61] None of the three quarterbacks returned for the 2017 season.[62][63][64]

text: In the 2017 NFL Draft, the team selected quarterback Mitchell Trubisky,[65] who sat behind newly-signed quarterback Mike Glennon for the first four games before taking over.[66] The Bears ended the season 5–11 and again finished last in the NFC North. On January 1, 2018, Fox was fired, ending his tenure in Chicago with a 14–34 record.[67]

text: 2018–present: Matt Nagy era

text: On January 8, 2018, Kansas City Chiefs offensive coordinator Matt Nagy was hired as the new head coach of the Bears.[68]

text: Ownership

text: Virginia Halas McCaskey, her children, and grandchildren control 80 percent of the team, and Mrs. McCaskey votes her children's stock as well as her own. Patrick Ryan, executive chairman of Aon Corp., and Aon director Andrew McKenna own 19.7% of the club.[69] In a Crain's Chicago Business article, one businessman described his wishes for the team to maximize its potential. In 2009, Yahoo! Sports listed the McCaskeys as the third worst owner in the NFL, stating "[T]hey get less for what they've got than any team in our league."[70] There have been rumors that the McCaskey family might split up over the team.[32]

text: In 2012, Forbes magazine reported that the franchise is worth $1.19 billion, making it the eighth richest franchise in the NFL.[71] Chicago is the third largest media market in the United States.[72]

text: Sponsorships

text: The team has major sponsorship deals with Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Miller Brewing Company, PNC Financial Services, United Airlines, Verizon, Xfinity and Proven IT.[73][74] The team was the first in the NFL to have a presenting sponsor, with the 2004 season advertised as "Bears Football presented by BankOne (now Chase)". Additionally, the Bears have an agreement with WFLD (the Fox owned-and-operated station in Chicago) to broadcast pre-season football games.[75]

text: Logos, uniforms, mascots, and cheerleaders

text: Logo

text: The club's first logo was introduced in the early 1950s as a black bear on top of a football. They kept this until 1962, when the Bears trademark 'C' logo was first introduced.[76]

text: The change in their logo from the black bear was due to the addition of logos on helmets, which pro football teams started adding in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Unlike some NFL franchises that have had many different looks over time, the Bears have kept the wishbone 'C' for over 40 years.

text: In 1974, the team decided to keep the same 'C' logo but change the color from white to orange with white trim. This is the current logo; however, the club has since introduced alternate logos, including a black bear inside of the orange wishbone 'C', introduced in 1995, and an orange bear head, introduced in 1999.

text: Uniforms

text: In 1920 the team introduced uniforms containing brown and blue stripes. In the 1930s, the franchise's uniform underwent substantial alterations. By 1933 the Bears donned all-orange jerseys with navy numbers and matching navy blue helmets. In 1936, they modified this design into "an early version of psychedelia" by adding three orange stripes to their helmets, changing the color of the jerseys from orange to white, complementing the new white jerseys with 14 navy and orange alternating stripes on the sleeves, and introducing socks with a similar striped pattern extending from ankle to knee. Because of poor response from the fans and the media, this design lasted only one season.[77]

text: By 1949, the team was wearing the familiar navy blue shirts with white, rounded numbers. In 1956, the team added "TV numbers" to the sleeves. The Bears 'C' logo first appeared on the helmets in 1962. The logo changed from white to a white-bordered orange logo 11 years later, and has remained unchanged ever since. The Bears added the initials GSH to the left sleeve of their jerseys in 1984 in memory of George Halas.

text: For decades, the team was known as the only NFL team to wear jersey numbers that were not the traditional block-style numbers (though during the 1971 season, the Bears' road jerseys used the block-style numbers). Although a handful of other NFL teams and the Houston Oilers during their early AFL days experimented with rounder jersey numbers, by the mid-1960s the Bears were the only team left to continue wearing rounded jersey numbers. Since the mid-1990s, however, several teams have shifted away from the block numbers in favor of numbers that match a specific team font (e.g. Denver Broncos, Baltimore Ravens, Philadelphia Eagles, etc.) or in the case of the Pittsburgh Steelers, match the jersey number font with the helmet numbers while otherwise leaving the jersey design alone.

text: Other variations to the Bears uniforms over the years include the addition of navy blue pants as a part of the road kit in 1984. During the 1994 season, the Bears – with most of the other NFL franchises – introduced throwback uniforms to be worn in the honor of the NFL's 75th anniversary. These uniforms with brown and blue stripes resemble the original Bears uniforms worn in the 1920s. On October 7, 2002 the Bears wore navy blue pants with their navy blue home jerseys for the first time, and lost at home to Green Bay before a national Monday Night Football audience. The Bears did not wear the all-blue combination again until the 2006 regular season finale against the Packers, also a loss, on December 31. A variation of the all-blue look, this time featuring blue socks with orange stripes, was used on October 20, 2016 against the Packers as part of the NFL Color Rush initiative, a game the Bears also lost. Then on September 10, 2017, the Bears played the Atlanta Falcons at home in their all-blue uniforms and lost, giving the combination an 0–4 all-time record.

text: On November 13, 2005 and October 29, 2006 (both times in games against the San Francisco 49ers), the Bears introduced an orange alternate home jersey. The orange swaps roles with the navy blue on this alternate jersey, as it becomes the dominant color while the navy complements. The orange jerseys were worn again on October 19, 2008 at home against the Minnesota Vikings in a 48–41 victory.[78]

text: The Bears also wore the orange jerseys against the Detroit Lions in 2007, a 2009 game vs. the Cleveland Browns, as well as in 2011 against the Packers and Lions. The Bears previously wore orange jerseys as part of a throwback uniform in a Thanksgiving Day game at the Dallas Cowboys in 2004. Their uniforms, especially for their classic look, have been cited as one of the best in the league.[79]

text: Since 2005, the Bears have worn their alternate orange jerseys for one home game a season that is near Halloween. For the 2005–07 and 2010 home openers, the team wore the white jerseys with the navy blue pants. The team is 4–0 in these games, beating the Lions in 2005, 2006, and 2010, and beating the Chiefs in 2007.

text: The Bears honored the original Monsters of the Midway during the 2010 season by wearing throwback uniforms of the era for selected games. The uniforms are a nod to the 1940s when the Bears won four NFL titles with Hall of Famers Danny Fortman, Sid Luckman, George McAfee, George Musso, Bronko Nagurski, Joe Stydahar and Clyde "Bulldog" Turner.[80] The Bears wore the throwbacks once again for the 2012 season.[81]

text: In 2012, after Nike took over the NFL uniform supplier from Reebok, the Bears uniform received changes. One of the changes include moving the numbers on the sleeves onto the shoulder pad, as well as enlarging the GSH on the stripes.[82]

text: Mascots

text: The team's official mascot, Staley Da Bear, made his debut at Soldier Field in 2003. He is named after A.E. Staley, the team's founder.[83]

text: Cheerleaders

text: The team also formerly had their own cheerleading squad called the Chicago Honey Bears. However, Bears owner Virginia Halas McCaskey terminated them after the 1985 season.[84] The squad's uniforms have changed 3 times: from 1977–1979 was a white bodysuit with navy blue sleeves, from 1980–1984 was also a white bodysuit, but with orange sleeves and the navy was moved to the trim, and in the squad's final season in 1985, the uniform was redesigned with an orange sequin vest.[85]

text: Rivals

text: Divisional rivals

text: Green Bay Packers

text: The Green Bay Packers are the Bears' biggest rivals since their team's inception in 1920. The Green Bay Packers currently have the lead at 95–94–6,[86] and the teams have met twice in the postseason. The Bears won the 1941 meeting, 33–14, and eventually defeated the New York Giants in the 1941 NFL Championship Game, and the Packers won the 2011 meeting, 21–14, en route to a Super Bowl XLV win over the Pittsburgh Steelers. The teams' first meeting was a victory for the Bears (known as the Staleys at the time) in 1921 in a shutout, 20–0. The Packers claimed their first win over the Bears in 1925, 14–10. The 1924 matchup (which ended in a 3–0 win for Chicago) was notable for featuring the first ever ejection of players in a game in NFL history, as Frank Hanny of the Bears and Walter Voss of the Packers were ejected for punching each other.[87] The rivalry also featured one of the last successful fair catch kicks in 1968, when Bears kicker Mac Percival kicked the game-winning field goal.[88]

text: Minnesota Vikings

text: Chicago and Minnesota took each other on in the Vikings' inaugural game, with the Vikings defeating the Bears in a 37–13 rout, and Minnesota currently holds the series lead 54–50–2.

text: Detroit Lions

text: The Detroit Lions and Bears have faced off since the Lions' inception in 1930, when they were known as the Portsmouth Spartans, with the Spartans winning, 7–6, and Chicago winning the second meeting, 14–6. Since then, the Bears have led the series, 95–66–5. The rivalry grew in 1932, when the Bears and Spartans met in the first ever postseason game in NFL history, with the Bears winning the game 9–0. The game also was known as the first "indoor football" game, as the game took place in indoor Chicago Stadium due to a blizzard at the time. The game also started the forward pass.[89]

text: Historic rivals

text: Arizona Cardinals

text: Former cross-town rivals, the Bears and the Cardinals have faced each other more times than any other teams not currently in the same division. Highlights of the rivalry include Ernie Nevers scoring 40 points against the Bears in 1929 in a 40–7 rout. In 2006, the Bears defeated the Cardinals in a 24–23 comeback from a 20-point deficit in the 2nd half, which resulted in Cardinals coach Dennis Green's famous rant.[90] The Bears currently lead the all-time series, 57–27–6.

text: Other rivals

text:
Cleveland Browns: Since 2005, the Bears and Browns have met in the final game of the preseason, after the two teams made an agreement to play each other in alternating cities due to their close proximity.[91] The Browns won the 2005 game 16–6, but the Bears have since gone 7–5, winning in their 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, and 2016 matchups.[92] In their all-time series, the Browns lead 6–9 (as the current expansion team).
Indianapolis Colts: Despite not meeting as often, the Bears and Colts are known as being geographic rivals, with NFL.com analyst Dave Dameshek calling the game the I-65 Bowl, after Interstate 65, which connects between Chicago and Indianapolis.[93] The Colts (while in Baltimore) won the first meeting in 1953 13–9. Both teams have shared various moments in the past, with the Bears suffering their worst loss in franchise history 52–0 to the Colts during their time in Baltimore.[94] The Bears later won 57–0 in 1962 against the Colts, which is the highest scoring differential in team history for a regular-season game.[95] The most notable moment between the two teams was Super Bowl XLI, with Indianapolis pulling away with the win despite Chicago dominance in the first half, which was also known for being the first ever Super Bowl to be played in rain.[96] The teams also share various relations with each other, including the relationship between former Colts coach Tony Dungy and Bears coach Lovie Smith, who both were on the Tampa Bay Buccaneers team in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and both coaches met in Super Bowl XLI. The Colts currently lead the series, 23–19, though the Bears have won the last two meetings both in 2008, 23–19 and in 2012, 41–21. Because of the NFL's scheduling formula, The Bears and Colts will meet again in 2016 at Lucas Oil Stadium.
San Francisco 49ers: In the 1980s, the Bears and San Francisco 49ers have met twice in the postseason, as well as many times in the regular season. In the teams' first meeting in 1950, the Bears triumphed, 17–0. In the 1980s, the Bears went 3–4, including 2 postseason meetings. The 49ers won the first meeting in a 23–0 shutout, as well as the next meeting, 28–3. In 1985, the Bears claimed their revenge for their humiliating loss by sending in rookie William "The Refrigerator" Perry in at fullback in a 26–10 rout. Since the game, the Bears have lost all eight games at Candlestick Park, the last being a 32–7 loss in 2012.[97] In the 49ers' new stadium Levi's Stadium's opening game against the Bears, the Bears triumphed 28–20.[98] However, the 49ers won the most recent meeting on December 6, 2015 at Soldier Field, defeating the Bears 26–20. Because both teams finished in last place in their respective divisions, the Bears and 49ers will meet again in 2016.
New York Giants: In a newer preseason rivalry (as well as an old rivalry), the Bears and Giants have taken each other on frequently in the preseason against each other since 2009, and since 2011, has been the 3rd game in the preseason (both teams didn't meet in 2010). The 2 teams have also shared some bad blood before the AFL-NFL merger, as the Bears defeated the Giants in the inaugural NFL Championship Game. The Giants would claim their revenge in the infamous "Sneakers Game" over the undefeated Bears. The Bears would defeat New York in the 1963 NFL Championship Game. In the recent decade, the Bears defeated the Giants in 2006, 38–20, and Bears rookie Devin Hester showed his ability to return on special teams when he tied a Bears record for longest play when he ran a missed field goal back 108 yards for a touchdown on Sunday Night Football.[99] The Giants would claim their revenge in 2010, when they defeated the Bears in a 17–3 victory, in which the Giants sacked Bears quarterback Jay Cutler nine times in the first half.[100] The Bears eventually won in 2013, 27–21. Because of the NFL's scheduling formula, the Bears and Giants will meet again in 2016 at MetLife Stadium.

text: Stadium

text: Soldier Field, located on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, is the current home of the Bears. The Bears moved to Soldier Field in 1971 after outgrowing Wrigley Field, the team's home for 50 years. Northwestern University's residential neighbors objected to their playing at Dyche Stadium, now called Ryan Field. After the AFL-NFL Merger, the newly merged league wanted their teams to play in stadiums that could hold at least 50,000 fans. Even with the portable bleachers that the team brought into Wrigley, the stadium could still only hold 46,000.[101] Soldier Field's playing turf was changed from natural grass to astroturf before the 1971 season, and then back to natural grass in time for the start of the 1988 season. The stadium was the site of the infamous Fog Bowl playoff game between the Bears and Philadelphia Eagles.[102]

text: In 2002, the stadium was closed and rebuilt with only the exterior wall of the stadium being preserved. It was closed on Sunday, January 20, 2002, a day after the Bears lost in the playoffs. It reopened on September 27, 2003 after a complete rebuild (the second in the stadium's history).[101] Many fans refer to the rebuilt stadium as "New Soldier Field".[103] During the 2002 season, the Bears played their home games at the University of Illinois' Memorial Stadium in Champaign, where they went 3–5.

text: Many critics have negative views of the new stadium. They believe that its current structure has made it more of an eyesore than a landmark; some have dubbed it the "Mistake on the Lake".[104] Soldier Field was stripped of its National Historic Landmark designation on February 17, 2006.[105]

text: In the 2005 season, the Bears won the NFC North Division and the No. 2 Seed in the NFC Playoffs, entitling them to play at least one home game in the postseason. The team hosted (and lost) their divisional round match on January 15, 2006 against the Carolina Panthers. This was the first playoff game at Soldier Field since the stadium reopened.

text: The stadium's end zones and midfield were not painted until the 1982 season.[106] The design sported on the field included the bolded word "Chicago" rendered in Highway Gothic in both end zones. In 1983, the end zone design returned, with the addition of a large wishbone "C" Bears logo painted at midfield. These field markings remained unchanged until the 1996 season.[107] In 1996 the midfield wishbone "C" was changed to a large blue Bears head, and the end zone design were painted with "Bears" in cursive. This new design remained until the 1999 season, at which point the artwork was returned to the classic "Chicago" and the "C". In the new Soldier Field, the artwork was tweaked to where one end zone had the word "Chicago" bolded and the other had "Bears".[108]

text: In popular culture

text: While the Super Bowl XX Champion Bears were a fixture of mainstream American pop culture in the 1980s, the Bears made a prior mark with the 1971 American TV movie Brian's Song starring Billy Dee Williams as Gale Sayers and James Caan as Brian Piccolo. The film told of how Piccolo helped Sayers recover from a devastating knee injury to return to his status as one of the league's best players, and how Sayers in turn helped the Piccolo family through Brian's fatal illness.[109][110] A 2001 remake of the movie for ABC starred Sean Maher as Piccolo and Mekhi Phifer as Sayers.[111]

text: The 1985 team is also remembered for recording the song "The Super Bowl Shuffle", which reached number forty-one on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for a Grammy Award.[112][113] The music video for the song depicts the team rapping that they are "not here to start no trouble" but instead "just here to do the Super Bowl Shuffle". The team took a risk by recording and releasing the song before the playoffs had even begun, but were able to avoid embarrassment by going on to win Super Bowl XX by a then-record margin of 46–10. That game was one of the most watched television events in history according to the Nielsen ratings system; the game had a rating of 48.3, ranking it 7th in all-time television history.[114]

text: In addition to the "Super Bowl Shuffle"[115] rap song, the Bears' success in the 1980s – and especially the personality of head coach Mike Ditka – inspired a recurring sketch on the American sketch comedy program Saturday Night Live, called "Bill Swerski's Superfans".[116] The sketch featured Cheers co-star George Wendt, a Chicago native, as host of a radio talk-show (similar in tone to WGN radio's "The Sportswriters"), with co-panelists Carl Wollarski (Robert Smigel), Pat Arnold (Mike Myers) and Todd O'Connor (Chris Farley). To hear them tell it, "Da Bears" and Coach Ditka could do no wrong. The sketch stopped after Ditka was fired in 1993. The sketch usually showed the panelists drinking lots of beer and eating lots of Polish sausage, and often featured Todd getting so agitated about what was happening with the Bears that he suffered a heart attack, but quickly recovered (through self-administered CPR). The sketch also features the cast predicting unrealistic blowout victories for Bears games.[117] Da Super Fan sketch has not been brought back by SNL, with the exception of a single appearance by Horatio Sanz as a Super Fan for the Cubs on "Weekend Update" in 2003. Outside of SNL, George Wendt reprised his role of Swerski in the opening promo of Super Bowl XL on ABC.

text: On TV shows based in Chicago such as The Bob Newhart Show, Married... with Children, Family Matters, Still Standing, According to Jim, Early Edition and The Bernie Mac Show, the main characters are all Bears fans, and have worn Bears' jerseys and T-shirts on some occasions. Some episodes even show them watching Bears games. Roseanne is another TV show based in Illinois (albeit not in Chicago itself) to feature the Bears as the consensus household favorite, as 'Dan Connor' John Goodman is seen wearing Bears hats in several episodes. That '70s Show featured several Bears references, as it was based in Wisconsin, home of the Packers. On one episode while the gang is at a Bears vs. Packers game, Eric comes to the seat in a Walter Payton jersey and is booed by the surrounding Packers fans. In an episode of the Disney Channel show Shake It Up, based in Chicago, recurring character Dina Garcia (Ainsley Bailey) sold scalped Chicago Bears tickets. More recently, Modern Family character Cameron Tucker has been shown as a Bears fan. In an episode of the Disney Channel show "I Didn't Do It", based in Chicago, Lindy Watson (Olivia Holt) and Logan Watson (Austin North) try to get a football signed by NFL Hall of Famer Dick Butkus after destroying their fathers Butkus signed ball, Alshon Jeffery also makes a cameo appearance as well.

text: Ditka's success and popularity in Chicago has led him to land analyst roles on various American football pregame shows. Ditka worked for both the NFL on NBC and CBS's The NFL Today, and he currently works on ESPN's Sunday NFL Countdown and provided Friday night analysis on the Bears on WBBM-TV's 2 on Football with former WBBM-TV sports director Mark Malone.[118] He is also the color analyst for all local broadcasts of Bears preseason games. Ditka also co-starred himself alongside actor Will Ferrell in the 2005 comedy film Kicking & Screaming.[119]

text: Also, Ditka, Dick Butkus, Walter Payton, Jim McMahon, William "Refrigerator" Perry and Brian Urlacher are among Bears figures known for their appearances in TV commercials. Urlacher, whose jersey was among the league's best-selling in 2002, was featured on Nike commercials with former Atlanta Falcons quarterback Michael Vick.[120][121]

text: In the 1961 Hanna-Barbera animated short "Rah Rah Bear", Yogi Bear helps the Bears beat the New York Giants.[122] The Bears were later depicted in an episode of the 1985 cartoon version of the NBC sitcom Punky Brewster, where the Bears are playing the Green Bay Packers.[123][124]

text: Clark Griswold (Chevy Chase) from the National Lampoon's Vacation series appears in some scenes wearing a navy blue with burnt orange scripting Chicago Bears ball cap. He wears the same Chicago Bears cap throughout all four Vacation movies.[125]

text: Broadcast media

text: Radio

text: Currently, WBBM (780 AM) and its simulcasting partner, WCFS-FM (105.9 FM) broadcast Bears games with Jeff Joniak doing the play-by-play, along with color commentator Tom Thayer, who played for the Bears from 1985–1992,[126] and sideline reporter Zach Zaidman. Over the years, many Bears play-by-play broadcasters have included play-by-play announcers Jack Brickhouse, Joe McConnell and Wayne Larrivee, and color commentators Hub Arkush, Dick Butkus, Jim Hart and Irv Kupcinet.

text: Spanish radio station WLEY-FM aired the Bears games from 2012 to 2014. Since 2015, WRTO and WVIV-FM air Bears games in Spanish.

text:
Chicago Bears Network
Radio affiliates

Market
Station
Notes

Chicago
WBBM (780 AM)/WCFS-FM (105.9 FM)
All games
Bears Insider

WRTO (1200 AM) / WVIV-FM (93.5 FM)
All games (in Spanish)

WSCR (670 AM)
Bears All-Access

text: Television

text: Their current preseason TV announcers on WFLD (channel 32), which also carries the majority of the team's regular season games through the NFL on Fox, are Sam Rosen (play-by-play), Erik Kramer (color commentary) and Lou Canellis (sideline reporter). When the games are played against an AFC team, it can be aired on the CBS O&O station, WBBM-TV. Sunday Night games are broadcast on WMAQ-TV, the NBC O&O station.

text:
Chicago Bears Network
Television affiliates

Market
Station
Notes

Regional cable
NBC Sports Chicago
Bears Recap
Bears Huddle
Bears Blitz

Chicago
WFLD
Preseason and Fox regional/national games
Bears Gameday Live
Bears Gamenight Live

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
KFXA
Preseason and Fox regional/national games

Champaign–Urbana
WCCU
Preseason and Fox regional/national games

Peoria
WMBD-TV
Preseason and CBS regional/national games

Quad Cities
KLJB
Preseason and Fox regional/national games

Rockford
WIFR
Preseason and CBS regional/national games

Rockford
WQRF
Preseason and Fox regional/national games

Springfield
WRSP-TV
Preseason and Fox regional/national games

South Bend
WSBT-TV
Preseason and CBS regional/national games

text: Statistics and records

text: Patrick Mannelly holds the record for the most seasons in a Bears uniform with 16.[127] On the other hand, Steve McMichael holds the record for most consecutive games played by a Bear with 191;[127] he accomplished the feat from 1981 to 1993. In second place is Payton, who played 186 games from 1975 to 1987 at running back, a position considered to be conducive to injury, only missing one game in a span of 13 seasons.

text: Kicker Robbie Gould became the Bears' all-time scoring leader in Week 5 of 2015 season[128] overtaking placekicker Kevin Butler who previously held the club record[127] for scoring the most points in his ten-year Bear career. He scored 1,116 points as the Bears kicker from 1985 to 1995. He is followed by running back Walter Payton, with 750 points. Payton holds the team record for career rushing yards with 16,726.[127] That was an NFL record until Emmitt Smith of the Dallas Cowboys broke it in 2002. Former Bears running back Matt Forte, who started playing for the Bears in 2008, is the closest to Payton's record with 6,985 yards. Forte also holds the team's single season record for rookies in rushing attempts, rushing yards and receptions. Mark Bortz holds the record for most Bear playoff appearances, with 13 between 1983 and 1994, and is followed by Kevin Butler, Dennis Gentry, Dan Hampton, Jay Hilgenberg, Steve McMichael, Ron Rivera, Mike Singletary, and Keith Van Horne, who have each played in 12 playoff games.

text: The 1940 Chicago Bears team holds the record for the biggest margin of victory in an NFL game (playoff or regular season) with a 73–0 victory over the Washington Redskins in the 1940 NFL Championship Game. The largest home victory for the Bears came in a 61–7 result against the Green Bay Packers in 1980. The largest defeat in club history was a 52–0 loss against the Baltimore Colts in 1964. The club recorded undefeated regular seasons in 1934 and 1942, but (unlike the 1972 Dolphins) did not win the championship game in either season. In 1934, the club completed a 13–0 record but were defeated by the New York Giants, and in 1942 the club completed an 11–0 record but were defeated by the Redskins. Had the Bears won either championship, the club would have completed a championship three-peat – a feat completed only by the Packers (twice), although no team has done it since the AFL-NFL merger.[129] Halas holds the team record for coaching the most seasons with 40 and for having the most career victories of 324. Halas' victories record stood until Don Shula surpassed Halas in 1993. Ditka is the closest Bears coach to Halas, with 112 career victories. No other Bears coach has recorded over 100 victories with the team.[127]

text: During the 2006 season, return specialist Devin Hester set several kick return records. He currently holds the franchise record for most return yards with 2,261.[130] He had six touchdown returns, setting a record for most returns in a single season.[131] In 2007, he recorded another six touchdown season from returns. One of the most notable of these returns came on November 12, 2006, when he returned a missed field goal for a 108-yard touchdown.[132] The record tied former teammate Nathan Vasher's previous record, which was set almost a year earlier.[133] Additionally, Hester set a Super Bowl record by becoming the first player to return an opening kick of a Super Bowl for a touchdown.[134] On December 20, 2010, Hester set an NFL record for most touchdowns on a punt or kickoff return with his 14th career return coming against the Minnesota Vikings. In 2011, Hester broke the record for the most punt returns against the Carolina Panthers.

text: In 2012, Charles Tillman has the record for most forced fumbles in a single game with 4 against the Tennessee Titans. Also against the Titans, Chicago became the first team in league history to score a touchdown pass, a touchdown run, an interception return for a touchdown, and a blocked kick/punt for a score in the same quarter.[135] Tillman and teammate Lance Briggs became the first pair in NFL history to return an interception for a touchdown in consecutive games against the Jacksonville Jaguars and Dallas Cowboys.[136]

text: Season-by-season results

text: This is a partial list of the Bears' last five completed seasons. For the full season-by-season franchise results, see List of Chicago Bears seasons.

text: Note: The Finish, Wins, Losses, and Ties columns list regular season results and exclude any postseason play.

text:
Super Bowl champions (1970–present)
Conference champions
Division champions
Wild Card berth

text: As of December 31, 2017

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season
Postseason results
Awards

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

2013
2013
NFL
NFC
North
3rd
10
6
0
—
—

2014
2014
NFL
NFC
North
2nd
8
8
0
—
—

2015
2015
NFL
NFC
North
4th
5
11
0
—
—

2016
2016
NFL
NFC
North
4th
6
10
0
—
—

2017
2017
NFL
NFC
North
4th
3
13
0
—
—

text: Records

text:
All-time Bears leaders

Leader
Player
Record
Years with Bears

Passing
Jay Cutler
23,443 passing yards
2009–2016

Rushing
Walter Payton
16,726 rushing yards
1975–1987

Receiving
Johnny Morris
5,059 receiving yards
1958–1967

Points
Robbie Gould
1,142 points
2005–2015

Coaching Wins
George Halas
318 wins
1920–29, 1933–1942, 1946–1955, 1958–1967

text: Players of note

text: Current roster

text:
Chicago Bears roster

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Quarterbacks

 8 Mike Glennon
10 Mitchell Trubisky

Running backs

46 Michael Burton FB
29 Tarik Cohen
24 Jordan Howard
33 Taquan Mizzell

Wide receivers

12 Markus Wheaton
11 Kevin White

Tight ends

84 Ben Braunecker
87 Adam Shaheen
88 Dion Sims

Offensive linemen

55 Hroniss Grasu C
60 Brandon Greene T
64 Eric Kush C
63 Cameron Lee G
72 Charles Leno Jr. T
75 Kyle Long G
70 Bobby Massie T
67 Jordan Morgan G
65 Cody Whitehair C

Defensive linemen

90 Jonathan Bullard DE
69 Rashaad Coward DE
91 Eddie Goldman NT
96 Akiem Hicks DE
95 Roy Robertson-Harris DE

Linebackers

58 Jonathan Anderson ILB
94 Leonard Floyd OLB
47 Isaiah Irving OLB
57 Howard Jones OLB
44 Nick Kwiatkoski ILB
59 Danny Trevathan ILB

Defensive backs

38 Adrian Amos FS
26 Deon Bush FS
31 Marcus Cooper CB
32 Deiondre' Hall FS
36 DeAndre Houston-Carson FS
39 Eddie Jackson FS
22 Cre'Von LeBlanc CB

Special teams

Reserve lists

62 Travis Averill C (Future)
18 Demarcus Ayers WR (Future)
19 Tanner Gentry WR (Future)
35 Doran Grant CB (Future)
80 Mekale McKay WR (Future)
25 Jonathon Mincy CB (Future)
68 Will Pericak OG (Future)
82 Colin Thompson TE (Future)

Unrestricted FAs

93 Sam Acho OLB
20 Prince Amukamara CB
76 Tom Compton T
30 Benny Cunningham RB
49 Andrew DePaola LS
23 Kyle Fuller CB
99 Lamarr Houston OLB
17 Dontrelle Inman WR
73 John Jenkins NT
52 Christian Jones ILB
27 Sherrick McManis CB
86 Zach Miller TE
 1 Mike Nugent K
16 Pat O'Donnell P
 6 Mark Sanchez QB
 2 Cairo Santos K
71 Josh Sitton G
79 Bradley Sowell T
98 Mitch Unrein DE
13 Kendall Wright WR

Restricted FAs

15 Josh Bellamy WR
37 Bryce Callahan CB
81 Cameron Meredith WR
48 Patrick Scales LS
53 John Timu ILB

Exclusive-Rights FAs

85 Daniel Brown TE

Rookies in italics
Roster updated February 28, 2018
Depth chart • Transactions
38 Active, 8 Inactive, 26 FAs
→ AFC rosters → NFC rosters

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Pro Football Hall of Famers

text: In the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the Bears have the most enshrined primary members with 28, however the club also have had five Hall of Famers spend a minor portion of their career with the franchise.[137] Founder, owner, head coach, and player George Halas, halfback Bronko Nagurski, and Red Grange were a part of the original class of inductees in 1963. The franchise saw 14 individuals inducted into the Hall of Fame from 1963 to 1967. Middle linebacker Brian Urlacher, who spent his entire career with the team, is the most recent Chicago Bear inductee, a part of the Class of 2018.[138]

text: Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame

text: Retired numbers

text: The Bears have retired 14 uniform numbers, which is the most in the NFL, and ranks fourth behind the basketball Boston Celtics (22), baseball New York Yankees (21), and hockey Montreal Canadiens (15) for the most in North American professional sports. The Bears retired Mike Ditka's number 89 jersey on December 9, 2013.[139] It is the last number that the Bears retired.[140]

text:
Chicago Bears retired numbers

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talk
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Bronko Nagurski
FB/LB/T
1930–1937, 1943
Minnesota
George McAfee
RB/DB/PR
1940–1941, 1945-1950
Duke
George Halas
End/HC
Owner/Founder
1920–1983
Illinois
Willie Galimore
RB
1957–1963
Florida A&M
Walter Payton
RB
1975–1987
Jackson State
Gale Sayers
RB/KR
1965–1971
Kansas
Brian Piccolo
RB/FB
1965–1969
Wake Forest

Sid Luckman
QB/DB/P
1939–1950
Columbia
Dick Butkus
MLB
1965–1973
Illinois
Bill Hewitt
End
1932–1936
Michigan
Bill George
MG/MLB
1952–1965
Wake Forest
Clyde Turner
C/LB
1940–1952
Hardin-Simmons
Red Grange
RB/DB
1925, 1929–1934
Illinois
Mike Ditka
TE
1961–1966
HC
1982–1992
Pittsburgh

text: Coaching staff

text:
Chicago Bears staff

v
t
e

Front Office

Secretary of the Board of Directors – Virginia Halas McCaskey
Chairman – George McCaskey
President/CEO – Ted Phillips
General Manager – Ryan Pace
Vice President & General Counsel – Cliff Stein
Director of Player Personnel – Josh Lucas
Director of College Scouting – Mark Sadowski
Director of Pro Personnel – Anthony Kelly
Director of Football Administration – Joseph Laine

Head Coaches

Head Coach – Matt Nagy

Offensive Coaches

Offensive Coordinator – Mark Helfrich
Senior Offensive Consultant - Brad Childress
Quarterbacks Coach – Dave Ragone
Running Backs – Charles London
Wide Receivers – Mike Furrey
Tight Ends – Kevin M. Gilbride
Offensive Line – Harry Hiestand
Assistant Offensive Line – Donovan Raiola
Offensive Quality Control – Brian Ginn
Offensive Quality Control - Mike Snyder
Offensive Assistant – Shane Toub

Defensive Coaches

Defensive Coordinator – Vic Fangio
Defensive Line – Jay Rodgers
Inside Linebackers – Glenn Pires
Outside Linebackers – Brandon Staley
Defensive Backs – Ed Donatell
Assistant Defensive Backs – Roy Anderson
Defensive Quality Control – Bill Shuey
Defensive Quality Control – Sean Desai

Special Teams Coaches

Special Teams Coordinator – Chris Tabor
Assistant Special Teams – Brock Olivo

Strength and Conditioning

Strength and Conditioning – Jason Loscalzo
Assistant Strength and Conditioning – Pierre Ngo
Head Athletic Trainer – Andre Tucker

→ Coaching Staff
→ Management
→ More NFL staffs

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Partnership with 'A Safe Place'

text: Since 1998, the Bears have partnered with 'A Safe Place,' a domestic violence shelter in Waukegan, Illinois.[141] In June 2017, current and former Bears employees helped with renovations at the shelter by ripping up carpet, painting walls, demolishing a kitchen and building a fence.[141] The Bears have also provided financial support throughout the years.


document_title: Center for Tropical Forest Science

question_text: what is the function of the center for tropical forest science (ctfs)

question_tokens: what is the function of the center for tropical forest science ( ctfs )

root

text: Center for Tropical Forest Science

text: The Center for Tropical Forest Science, or CTFS, is a consortium of forest researchers who pursue long-term research on tree populations using comparable census method. The work developed out of a study of 50 hectares of forest on Barro Colorado Island in Panama begun in 1981. All individual trees larger than 1 centimeter in stem diameter were measured, mapped, and identified, which included 300 different species. This census has been repeated every five years since, most recently in 2010.

tag: p

text: A total of 30 research institutions have now carried out parallel censuses of large forest plots. There are four such large-scale census projects in Africa, nine in Latin America, and 25 in Asia. Moreover, the census program has been expanded to include temperate and subtropical forests in China. Approximately 4.5 million individual trees of 8500 species are being monitored.[1] Numerous scientific research reports on tree species diversity, distribution, life span, and growth rates have been published based on these plots.

text: CTFS is directed out of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama City, Panama. Researchers and institutions in 14 other countries participate in the network.

text: The forest plots include the following:[2]

text:
Barro Colorado Island plot (50 ha), Panama
Dinghushan plot (20 ha), Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China
Gutianshan plot (24 ha), Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang, China
Changbaishan plot (25 ha), Changbaishan National Nature Reserve, Jilin, China
Pasoh plot (50 ha), Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia
Kuala Belalong plot (25 ha), Batu Apoi Forest Reserve, Brunei Darussalam

tag: ul


document_title: Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)

question_text: who plays the white queen alice in wonderland

text: Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Troubled by a strange recurring dream and mourning the loss of her father, 19-year-old Alice Kingsleigh attends a garden party at Lord Ascot's estate. There, she is confronted by an unwanted marriage proposal to Hamish Ascot and the stifling expectations of the society in which she lives. Unsure of how to proceed, she pursues a rabbit wearing a blue waistcoat and accidentally falls into a large rabbit hole under a tree. She emerges in a forest where she is greeted by the White Rabbit, the Dormouse, the Dodo, the Talking Flowers, and Tweedledee and Tweedledum. They argue over whether Alice is "the right Alice" who must slay the Red Queen's Jabberwocky and restore the White Queen to power, as foretold by Absolem the Caterpillar and his prophetic scroll. The group is then ambushed by the Bandersnatch and a group of playing-card soldiers led by the Knave of Hearts. Alice, Tweedledum and Tweedledee escape into the woods. The Knave steals the Caterpillar's scroll. The Dormouse leaves the others behind with one of the Bandersnatch's eyes in her possession. Tweedledum and Tweedledee are then captured by the Red Queen's Jubjub bird.

text: The Knave informs the Red Queen that Alice threatens her reign, and the soldiers and Bayard the Bloodhound are ordered to find Alice immediately. Meanwhile, the Cheshire Cat guides Alice to the March Hare and the Hatter. The Hatter helps Alice avoid capture by allowing himself to be seized instead. Later, Alice is found by Bayard the Bloodhound; but Alice insists upon helping the Hatter. At the Red Queen's citadel and palace (which is named Salazan Grum), the Red Queen is unaware of Alice's true identity and therefore welcomes her as a guest, named Um from Umbridge. Alice learns that the Vorpal Sword, the only weapon capable of killing the Jabberwock, is locked inside the den of the Bandersnatch. The Knave attempts to seduce Alice, but she rebuffs him, causing a jealous Red Queen to order that Alice be beheaded. Alice obtains the sword and befriends the Bandersnatch by returning its eye. She then escapes on the back of the grateful Bandersnatch and delivers the sword to the White Queen. The Cheshire Cat saves the Hatter from the executioner, and the Hatter calls for rebellion against the Red Queen. The rebellion is quickly put down by the Jubjub bird, but the resistance flees to the White Queen's castle, and both armies prepare for battle. Former caterpillar Absolem advises Alice to fight the Jabberwocky just before completing his transformation into a pupa.

text: On the appointed day, the White Queen and the Red Queen gather their armies on a chessboard-like battlefield and send Alice and the Jabberwocky to decide the battle in single combat. Encouraged by the advice of her late father, Alice fights the Jabberwocky among the ruins surrounding the battlefield and finally jumps from the remains of a spiral staircase onto the Jabberwocky's neck and beheads it. During this fight, a falling masonry stone kills the Jubjub bird. The White Queen banishes the Red Queen and the Knave into exile. After the Hatter performs a celebration dance called Futterwacken, the White Queen gives Alice a vial of the Jabberwocky's purple blood whose power will bring her whatever she wishes. She decides to rejoin the everyday world. Back in England, Lord Ascot takes Alice as his apprentice with the idea of establishing oceanic trade routes to Hong Kong. As the story closes, Alice prepares to set off on a trading ship. A light-blue butterfly with dark vein markings lands on her shoulder, and Alice recognizes him as Absolem.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Johnny Depp as Tarrant Hightopp, The Mad Hatter.[7] Wasikowska said that the characters, "both feel like outsiders and feel alone in their separate worlds, and have a special bond and friendship."[8][9] Burton explained that Depp "tried to find a grounding to the character ... as opposed to just being mad."[10] Burton also said that, "In a lot of versions it's a very one-note kind of character and you know [Depp's] goal was to try and bring out a human side to the strangeness of the character."[10] The orange hair is an allusion to the mercury poisoning suffered by hatters who used mercury to cure felt; Depp believes that the character "was poisoned ... and it was coming out through his hair, through his fingernails and eyes".[11] Depp and Burton decided that the Hatter's clothes, skin, hair, personality and accent would change throughout the film to reflect his emotions.[12] In an interview with Depp, the character was paralleled to "a mood ring, [as] his emotions are very close to the surface".[13] The Hatter is "made up of different people and their extreme sides", with a gentle voice much like the character's creator Lewis Carroll reflecting the lighter personality and with a Scottish Glaswegian accent (which Depp modeled after Gregor Fisher's Rab C. Nesbitt character) reflecting a darker, more dangerous personality.[14] Illusionary dancer David "Elsewhere" Bernal doubled for Depp during the "Futterwacken" sequence near the end of the film.[15]
Mia Wasikowska as Alice Kingsleigh. When creating the character, screenwriter Linda Woolverton researched how young women were expected to behave in the Victorian era and then made her the opposite.[16] Wasikowska read Carroll's books as a child and re-read them to prepare for her role. She also watched Jan Švankmajer's Alice. She said, "When we were kids, my mum would pop it in the VCR player. We would be disturbed, and wouldn't really understand it, but we couldn't look away because it was too intriguing. So I had kept that feeling about Alice, a kind of haunting feeling."[17] Although facing pressures to conform to society's expectations, Alice grows into a stronger-willed and empowered heroine who chooses her own path; Independent columnist Liz Hoggard praised Alice as a role model for girls, describing the character as "stubborn, brave, [and] non-girlie".[16][18]

Mairi Ella Challen portrayed Alice as a six-year-old girl.[19]

Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth of Crims, the Red Queen. She is an amalgamation of two Carroll characters: the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts.[7] Her first name is a play on the word irascible because she is easily irritated, obstreperous, impatient, and quick to anger.[20] Bonham Carter's head was digitally increased to three times its original size on screen.[21][22] The character hates animals, and chooses to use them as servants and furniture.[23] It is implied that the Red Queen beheaded her former husband, the King. The actress took inspiration from her young daughter Nell, a toddler, stating that, "The Red Queen is just like a toddler, because she's got a big head and she's a tyrant."
Anne Hathaway as Mirana of Marmoreal, the White Queen.[7] She was one of few characters that did not require digital manipulation.[24] Hathaway summed up her character with a caption on a magnet of Happy Bunny holding a knife; "Cute but psycho. Things even out."[25] According to Hathaway, "She comes from the same gene pool as the Red Queen. She really likes the dark side, but she's so scared of going too far into it that she's made everything appear very light and happy. But she's living in that place out of fear that she won't be able to control herself."[26] Hathaway described her interpretation of the White Queen as "a punk-rock vegan pacifist", with inspiration drawn from Debbie Harry, Greta Garbo, and the artwork of Dan Flavin.[26] Burton said that the White Queen's appearance was inspired by Nigella Lawson.[27]
Crispin Glover played Ilosovic Stayne, the Knave of Hearts.[7] The Knave of Hearts is arrogant and tricky. While he follows the Red Queen's every order, he is the only one capable of calming her dramatic mood swings. Glover said, "The Red Queen has a fair amount of short-tempered reactions to things that people do, and so [the Knave] has to be quite diplomatic." The Red Queen believes that the Knave of Hearts is her lover, but this proves to be false.
Matt Lucas portrayed both Tweedledee and Tweedledum. Burton commented on the mixture of animation and Lucas, saying that "It's a weird mixture of things which gives his characters the disturbing quality that they so richly deserve."[28] The characters are portrayed through a combination of CGI and live-action, with Lucas' face digitally composited to a full animated body. While performing the character, Lucas had to wear a teardrop-shaped motion capture suit and walk on stilts. In order to play both characters, Lucas was doubled by Ethan Cohn.
Frances de la Tour as Imogene, Alice's aunt.[29] She is suffering from severe delusions and is constantly awaiting her fictional fiancé whom she believes to be a prince.
Leo Bill as Hamish Ascot, Alice's would-be fiancé.[29]

text: Marton Csokas makes a cameo appearance as Alice's deceased father in the film's opening scene and Alice's mother is played by Lindsay Duncan. Lord and Lady Ascot are played by Tim Pigott-Smith and Geraldine James respectively. Eleanor Tomlinson and Eleanor Gecks play the Cathaway sisters, who bear a strong resemblance to Tweedledum and Tweedledee. Jemma Powell appears briefly as Alice's sister, Margaret, while Margaret's unfaithful husband Lowell is played by John Hopkins.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Michael Sheen voiced Nivens McTwisp, the White Rabbit.[7][30] Sheen said the character "is such an iconic character that [he] didn't feel like [he] should break the mold too much."[31] Burton said the quality he wanted most in his clock-watching bunny was a twitchiness, also commenting that "[in] any incarnation of the [White Rabbit] through the years, there's that sort of nervousness of a rabbit."[31]
Alan Rickman voiced Absolem, the Caterpillar.[7] Rickman was originally going to have his face composited onto the animated Caterpillar. He was filmed recording his voice in the studio, but the idea was eventually scrapped. The animators did, however, try to give Absolem's face characteristics similar to Rickman's.[22]
Stephen Fry voiced Chess, the Cheshire Cat.[7][32] Burton stated that the character had a creepy quality in addition to tapping into his own hatred of cats.[33][34] The role was intended to be played by Michael Sheen but he changed his role to the White Rabbit due to scheduling conflicts.
Barbara Windsor voiced Mallymkun, the Dormouse.[7] Burton said that he sought after Windsor for the role because he was a fan of her TV show EastEnders. Her voice sealed the deal for her role as the character.[35]
Timothy Spall voiced Bayard, the Bloodhound. Although Bayard does not appear in the book, a similar character named The Puppy is likely the inspiration for the character.
Paul Whitehouse voiced Thackery Earwicket, the March Hare.[7] Burton stated that because Whitehouse is a great comedic actor, a lot of his lines came from improvisation.[36]
Michael Gough voiced Uilleam, the Dodo.[7] Burton said that Gough was the first person he thought of for the role of the Dodo because he has "a full life quality to his voice".[37] The character only speaks three lines, that Gough recorded in a day. This would be Gough's final acting role; he died a year after its release, aged 94. Gough had previously portrayed the March Hare in the 1966 TV play of the book.
Christopher Lee voiced the Jabberwocky. While it only had two lines, Burton said that he felt Lee to be a good match for the iconic character because he is "an iconic guy".[38] For the character, Lee had originally tried to make his voice "burble" (as described in the poem "Jabberwocky"). However, Burton convinced him to use his actual voice, as he found it more intimidating and aggressive.
Imelda Staunton voiced the Tall Flower Faces. Though there are many flowers that appear around Underland, only one of them speaks and one of them is clearly a caricature of Staunton.[39] Staunton only speaks three lines that are heard very briefly at the beginning of the film.
Jim Carter voiced the Red Queen's executioner. The Executioner only speaks one line and appears extremely briefly, though Carter also voiced several other servants to the Red Queen.

text: Frank Welker provided additional voices and vocal effects; including roars of the Jabberwocky and Bandersnatch, squawks for the Jubjub bird, and Bayard barking.[39] Rickman, Windsor, Fry, Gough, Lee, Staunton and Carter each took only a day to record their dialogue.[39]

text: Burton and Bonham Carter's children Billy and Nell made cameo appearances as a boy and baby at the dock in the end of the film.

text: Production[edit]

text: Tim Burton signed with Walt Disney Pictures to direct two films in Disney Digital 3D, which included Alice in Wonderland[40] and his remake of Frankenweenie. Burton developed the story because he never felt an emotional tie to the original book.[41]

text: He explained "the goal is to try to make it an engaging movie where you get some of the psychology and kind of bring a freshness but also keep the classic nature of Alice." On prior versions, Burton said "It was always a girl wandering around from one crazy character to another, and I never really felt any real emotional connection." His goal with the new film is to give the story "some framework of emotional grounding" and "to try and make Alice feel more like a story as opposed to a series of events."[10] Burton focused on the poem "Jabberwocky" as part of his structure,[42] and refers to the described creature by the name of the poem rather than by the name "Jabberwock" used in the poem. Burton also stated that he does not see his version as either a sequel to any existing Alice film nor as a "re-imagining".[41] However, the idea of the climax of the story being Alice's battle with the Queen's champion, the Jabberwocky, was first added in the video game American McGee's Alice, and the landscape, tower, weapons and appearance of Alice in those scenes of the film are very reminiscent of the same scenes in the game.

text:
We wanted somebody who had... it's hard to put into words, but just had a gravity to her, an internal life, something that you could see the wheels turning. It's just a simple kind of power to her that we really liked. Not flamboyant, not very showy, but just somebody that's got a lot of internal life to her. That's why I picked her.

—Burton on casting Mia Wasikowska as Alice[43]

tag: table

text: This film was originally set to be released in 2009 but was pushed back to March 5, 2010.[44] Principal photography was scheduled for May 2008, but did not begin until September and concluded in three months.[40][45] Scenes set in the Victorian era were shot at Torpoint and Plymouth from September 1 to October 14. Two hundred and fifty local extras were chosen in early August. Locations included Antony House in Torpoint, Charlestown, Cornwall and the Barbican,[46][47] however, no footage from the Barbican was used. Motion capture filming began in early October at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California, though the footage was later discarded.[48][49][50] Filming also took place at Culver Studios.[51] Burton said that he used a combination of live action and animation, without motion capture.[52] He also noted that this was the first time he had filmed on a green screen.[52] Filming of the green screen portions, comprising 90% of the film, was completed after only 40 days.[53] Many of the cast and crew felt nauseated as a result of the long hours surrounded by green, and Burton had lavender lenses fitted into his glasses to counteract the effect.[53] Due to the constant need for digital effects to distort the actors' physical appearances, such as the size of the Red Queen's head or Alice's height, visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston cited the film as being exhausting, saying it was "The biggest show I've ever done, [and] the most creatively involved I've ever been."[54]

text: Sony Pictures Imageworks designed the visual effects sequences.[55] Burton felt 3D was appropriate to the story's environment.[9] Burton and Zanuck chose to film with conventional cameras, and convert the footage into 3D during post-production; Zanuck explained 3D cameras were too expensive and "clumsy" to use, and they felt that there was no difference between converted footage and those shot in the format.[56] James Cameron, who released his 3D film Avatar in December 2009, criticized the choice, stating, "It doesn't make any sense to shoot in 2-D and convert to 3-D".[57]

text: Music[edit]

text: Score[edit]

text:
Alice in Wonderland: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack

Film score by Danny Elfman

Released
March 2, 2010

Genre
Orchestral, Classical, Pop

Length
50:59

Label
Walt Disney

text: Longtime Burton collaborator Danny Elfman's score was released March 2, 2010.[58] It debuted at #89 on the Billboard Top 200 albums chart.[59]

text: Almost Alice[edit]

text: Almost Alice is a collection of various artists' music inspired by the film.[58][60][61] The lead single, "Alice" by Avril Lavigne, premiered on January 27, 2010 on Ryan Seacrest's radio program. Other singles include "Follow Me Down" by 3OH!3, "Her Name Is Alice" by Shinedown, and "Tea Party" by Kerli.[62] The album was released on March 2, 2010.[58]

text: Release[edit]

text: On February 12, 2010, major UK cinema chains, Odeon, Vue and Cineworld, had planned to boycott the film because of a reduction of the interval between cinema and DVD release from the usual 17 weeks to 12 (possibly to avoid the release of the DVD clashing with the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which was Disney's pretext for cutting short Alice's theatrical run but UK exhibitors protested that Alice would be less threatened by the World Cup than other titles).[63] A week after the announcement, Cineworld, who has a 24% share of UK box office, chose to play the film on more than 150 screens. Cineworld's chief executive Steve Wiener stated, "As leaders in 3D, we did not want the public to miss out on such a visual spectacle. As the success of Avatar has shown, there is currently a huge appetite for the 3D experience".[64] Shortly after, the Vue cinema chain also reached an agreement with Disney, but Odeon had still chosen to boycott in Britain, Ireland and Italy.[65] On February 25, 2010 Odeon had reached an agreement and decided to show the film on March 5, 2010.[66] The Royal premiere took place at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on February 25, 2010 for the fundraiser The Prince's Foundation for Children and The Arts where the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall attended. It also did not affect their plans to show the film in Spain, Germany, Portugal and Austria.[65][67][68] The film was released in the U.S. and UK, in both Disney Digital 3D and IMAX 3D,[45] as well as regular theaters on March 5, 2010.[69]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On June 22, 2009, the first pictures of the film were released, showing Depp as the Mad Hatter, Hathaway as the White Queen, Bonham Carter as the Red Queen and Lucas as Tweedledee and Tweedledum.[45] A new image of Alice was also released.[70] In July, new photos emerged of Alice holding a white rabbit, the Mad Hatter with a hare, the Red Queen holding a pig, and the White Queen with a mouse.[71]

text: On July 22, 2009, a teaser trailer from the Mad Hatter's point of view was released on IGN but was shortly taken down because Disney claimed that the trailer was not supposed to be out yet. The teaser was also planned to premiere along with a trailer of Robert Zemeckis' film adaptation of A Christmas Carol on July 24, 2009 for G-Force. The following day, the teaser trailer premiered at Comic-Con but the trailer shown was different from the one that leaked. The ComicCon version didn't have the Mad Hatter's dialogue. Instead, it featured "Time to Pretend" by MGMT, and the clips shown were in different order than in the leaked version. The leaked version was originally to be shown to one of the three Facebook groups used to promote the film that had the most members. The groups used to promote the film are "The Loyal Subjects of the Red Queen", "The Loyal Subjects of the White Queen" and "The Disloyal Subjects of the Mad Hatter".[72]

text: Also at ComicCon, props from the film were displayed in an "Alice in Wonderland" exhibit. Costumes featured in the exhibit included the Red Queen's dress, chair, wig, spectacles and scepter; the White Queen's dress, wig and a small model of her castle; the Mad Hatter's suit, hat, wig, chair and table; Alice's dress and battle armor (to slay the Jabberwocky). Other props included the "DRINK ME" bottles, the keys, an "EAT ME" pastry and stand-in models of the White Rabbit and March Hare.[73]

text: A nighttime party area at the Disney California Adventure theme park was created, called "Mad T Party".

text: Video games[edit]

text: On July 23, 2009, Disney Interactive Studios announced that an Alice in Wonderland video game, developed by French game studio Étranges Libellules, would be released in the same week as the film for the Wii, Nintendo DS and Microsoft Windows. The soundtrack was composed by video games music composer Richard Jacques.[74] The Wii, DS and PC versions were released on March 2, 2010.

text: Disney Interactive released in 2013 the game Alice in Wonderland: A New Champion for iOS.[75]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released a 3-disc Blu-ray combo pack (which includes the Blu-ray, DVD and a digital copy), 1-disc Blu-ray and 1-disc DVD on June 1, 2010 in the US and July 1, 2010 in Australia.[76] The DVD release includes three short features about the making of the film, focusing on Burton's vision for Wonderland and the characters of Alice and the Mad Hatter. The Blu-ray version has nine additional featurettes centered on additional characters, special effects and other aspects of the film's production.[77] In some confusion, a small number of copies were put on shelves a week before schedule in smaller stores, but were quickly removed, although a handful of copies were confirmed purchased ahead of schedule.

text: In its first week of release (June 1–6, 2010), it sold 2,095,878 DVD units (equivalent to $35,441,297) and topped the DVD sales chart for two continuous weeks. By May 22, 2011, it had sold 4,313,680 units ($76,413,043). It failed to crack the 2010 top ten DVDs list in terms of units sold, but reached 10th place on that chart in terms of sales revenue.[78][79]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Alice in Wonderland has grossed $334,191,110 in North America and $691,276,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $1,025,467,110 against a budget of $200 million.[5][80][81] Worldwide, it is currently the twenty-seventh-highest-grossing film[82] and the second-highest-grossing 2010 film.[83] It is the third-highest-grossing film starring Johnny Depp,[84] the highest-grossing film directed by Tim Burton[85] and the second-highest-grossing children's book adaptation (worldwide, as well as in North America and outside North America separately).[86]

text: On its first weekend, the film made $220.1 million worldwide, marking the second-largest opening ever for a movie not released during the summer or the holiday period (behind The Hunger Games), the fourth-largest for a Disney-distributed film and the fourth-largest among 2010 films.[87] It dominated for three consecutive weekends at the worldwide box office.[88][89][90][91] On May 26, 2010, its 85th day of release, it became the sixth film ever to surpass the $1-billion-mark and the second film that had been released by Walt Disney Studios that did so.[92][93]

text: In the United States and Canada Alice in Wonderland is the forty-fourth-highest-grossing film but out of the top 100 when adjusted for inflation. It is also the second-highest-grossing 2010 film, behind Toy Story 3,[94] the second-highest-grossing film starring Johnny Depp[84] and the highest-grossing film directed by Tim Burton.[85] The film opened on March 5, 2010, on approximately 7,400 screens at 3,728 theaters with $40,804,962 during its first day, $3.9 million of which came from midnight showings,[95] ranking number one and setting a new March opening-day record.[96] Alice earned $116.1 million on its opening weekend, breaking the record for the largest opening weekend in March (previously held by 300),[97] the record for the largest opening weekend during springtime (previously held by Fast and Furious), the largest opening weekend for a non-sequel (previously held by Spider-Man)[98] and the highest one for the non-holiday, non-summer period. However, all of these records were broken by The Hunger Games ($152.5 million) in March 2012.[99][100] Alice made the seventeenth-highest-grossing opening weekend ever[101] and the fifth-largest among 3D films.[102] Opening-weekend grosses originating from 3D showings were $81.3 million (70% of total weekend gross). This broke the record for the largest opening-weekend 3D grosses[103][104] but it was later topped by Marvel's The Avengers ($108 million).[105] It had the largest weekend per theater average of 2010 ($31,143 per theater) and the largest for a PG-rated film.[106] It broke the IMAX opening-weekend record[107] by earning $12.2 million on 188 IMAX screens, with an average of $64,197 per site. The record was first overtaken by Deathly Hallows – Part 2 ($15.2 million).[104] Alice remained in first place for three consecutive weekends at the North American box office.[108][109] Alice closed in theaters on July 8, 2010 with $334.2 million.

text: Outside North America, Alice is the thirteenth-highest-grossing film,[110] the highest-grossing 2010 film,[111] the fourth-highest-grossing Disney film, the second-highest-grossing film starring Johnny Depp[84] and the highest-grossing film directed by Tim Burton.[85] It began with an estimated $94 million, on top of the weekend box office, and remained at the summit for four consecutive weekends and five in total.[112][113] Japan was the film's highest-grossing country after North America, with $133.7 million, followed by the UK, Ireland and Malta ($64.4 million), and France and the Maghreb region ($45.9 million).[114]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 51% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 262 reviews; the average score is 5.7/10. The consensus is: "Tim Burton's Alice sacrifices the book's minimal narrative coherence—and much of its heart—but it's an undeniable visual treat".[115] Metacritic rated it 53/100 based on 38 reviews.[116]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety praised it for its "moments of delight, humor and bedazzlement", but went on to say, "But it also becomes more ordinary as it goes along, building to a generic battle climax similar to any number of others in CGI-heavy movies of the past few years".[117] Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter said "Burton has delivered a subversively witty, brilliantly cast, whimsically appointed dazzler that also manages to hit all the emotionally satisfying marks", while as well praising its computer-generated imagery (CGI), saying "Ultimately, it's the visual landscape that makes Alice's newest adventure so wondrous, as technology has finally been able to catch up with Burton's endlessly fertile imagination."[118] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly said, "But Burton's Disneyfied 3-D Alice in Wonderland, written by the girl-power specialist Linda Woolverton, is a strange brew indeed: murky, diffuse, and meandering, set not in a Wonderland that pops with demented life but in a world called Underland that's like a joyless, bombed-out version of Wonderland. It looks like a CGI head trip gone post apocalyptic. In the film's rather humdrum 3-D, the place doesn't dazzle—it droops."[119] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three out of four stars and wrote in his review that, "Alice plays better as an adult hallucination, which is how Burton rather brilliantly interprets it until a pointless third act flies off the rails."[120] The market research firm CinemaScore found that audiences gave the film an average rating of "A-".[121]

text: Several reviews criticized the decision to turn Alice into a "colonialist entrepreneur" at the end of the film setting sail for China.[122][123][124] Given Britain's role in the First and Second Opium Wars during the Victorian era and the foreign domination of China through "unequal treaties", China expert Kevin Slaten writes, "Not only is it troubling imagery, for a female role model in a Disney movie, but it's also a celebration of the exploitation that China suffered for a century."[125]

text: Game developer American McGee, best known for creating Alice and Alice: Madness Returns, was asked in a 2011 interview about Tim Burton's interpretation of the title character since both versions share almost similar dark and twisted tone of Wonderland. McGee praised the film's visuals and audio but criticized the lack of screen time Alice had compared to the other characters. He felt Alice did not have any purpose in the story and that she was merely used as a "tool".[126]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

83rd Academy Awards[127]
Best Art Direction
Robert Stromberg
Karen O'Hara
Won

Best Visual Effects
Ken Ralston
David Schaub
Carey Villegas
Sean Phillips
Nominated

Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Won

64th British Academy Film Awards[128]
Best Costume Design
Won

Best Film Music
Danny Elfman
Nominated

Best Production Design
Robert Stromberg
Karen O’Hara
Nominated

Best Special Visual Effects
Ken Ralston
David Schaub
Carey Villegas
Sean Phillips
Nominated

Best Makeup and Hair

Won

68th Golden Globe Awards[129]
Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

Nominated

Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
Johnny Depp
Nominated

Best Original Score
Danny Elfman
Nominated

53rd Grammy Awards
Best Score Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media
Nominated

9th Annual Visual Effects Society Awards (VES Awards)[130]
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects-Driven Feature Motion Picture
Ken Ralston
Carey Villegas
David Schaub
Tom Peitzman
Nominated

Outstanding Compositing in a Feature Motion Picture (Stolen Tarts)
Lisa Deaner
Orde Stevanoski
Aaron Kupferman
Ruben Flores
Nominated

15th Annual Satellite Awards[131]
Best Visual Effects
Ken Ralston
Carey Villegas
David Schaub
Sean Phillips
Won

Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Won

Best Art Direction & Production Design
Robert Stromberg
Stefan Dechant
Nominated

Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media

Nominated

Best Original Song
Avril Lavigne
Nominated

37th Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Film

Won

Best Costume

Won

Best Make-Up

Nominated

Best Production Design

Nominated

Best Special Effects
Ken Ralston
Carey Villegas
David Schaub
Tom Peitzman
Nominated

Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Won

Best Makeup
Jaremy Aiello
Won

Best Visual Effects
Ken Ralston
Carey Villegas
David Schaub
Tom Peitzman
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Robert Stromberg
Karen O'Hara
Nominated

2011 Kids' Choice Awards[132]
Favorite Movie

Nominated

Favorite Movie Actor
Johnny Depp
Won

MTV Movie Awards
Global Superstar
Nominated

Best Movie

Nominated

Best Villain
Helena Bonham Carter
Nominated

National Movie Awards
Best Performance
Nominated

Johnny Depp
Nominated

Best Fantasy

Nominated

People's Choice Awards[133]
Favorite Movie
Nominated

Favorite Drama Movie
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Fantasy
Nominated

Choice Movie Actor: Fantasy
Johnny Depp
Nominated

Choice Movie: Female Scene Stealer
Anne Hathaway
Nominated

Choice Movie Actress: Fantasy
Mia Wasikowska
Nominated

Choice Movie: Female Breakout Star
Nominated

Choice Movie: Fight
Mia Wasikowska vs. The Jabberwock
Won

2010 Scream Awards
Ultimate Scream

Nominated

Best Fantasy Movie

Nominated

Best Director
Tim Burton
Nominated

Best Fantasy Actress
Mia Wasikowska
Nominated

Best Breakout Performance – Female
Nominated

Best Fantasy Actor
Johnny Depp
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress
Anne Hathaway
Won

3-D Top Three

Nominated

AD First Half of the Year Awards[134]
Best Art Direction

Nominated

Best Visual Effects
Won

Best Make Up
Nominated

MTV Fan Music Awards
Best Movie Song
Avril Lavigne
Won

ChartAttack's 16th Annual Year-End Readers' Poll
Best Song
Avril Lavigne
Won

text: Impact[edit]

text: After the release and success of the movie, Walt Disney Pictures has announced the development of several other live-action remakes from their Animated Classics series.[135][136] Maleficent, Cinderella, The Jungle Book and Beauty and the Beast have followed to similar box-office results with the latter three also earning critical praise. Disney has also announced the development of live-action adaptations of Christopher Robin,[137] Dumbo,[138] Aladdin,[139] The Lion King,[140] Mulan,[141] Pinocchio,[142] Fantasia,[143] The Sword in the Stone,[144] The Black Cauldron,[145] Peter Pan,[146] The Little Mermaid,[147] and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[148] The company also has plans for live-action spin-offs of Peter Pan, One Hundred and One Dalmatians and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs along with a live-action prequel to Aladdin.[149][150][151][152]

text: Stage adaptation Walt Disney Theatrical is in early talks with Burton and screenwriter Linda Woolverton to develop the property as a Broadway musical. Woolverton authored the screenplay for Disney's The Lion King and is also the Tony Award-nominated book writer of Beauty and the Beast, Aida and Lestat. Burton will also render the overall designs for the stage musical. Woolverton will adapt her screenplay for the stage production. Neither a composer nor songwriting team has been chosen yet. Direction and choreography will be done by Rob Ashford.[153][154][155] The musical is aiming to make its world-premiere in London.[156]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On December 7, 2012, Variety announced the development of a sequel to Alice in Wonderland. Linda Woolverton returned to write a screenplay.[157] On May 31, 2013, James Bobin began talks to direct the sequel under the working title Alice in Wonderland: Into the Looking Glass.[158] Johnny Depp returned as The Hatter, Mia Wasikowska reprised the role of Alice, and Helena Bonham Carter returned as the Red Queen.[159][160][161] Several other cast-members from the 2010 film also reprised their roles in the sequel.[162] On November 22, 2013, it was announced that the sequel will be released on May 27, 2016 and that Bobin would direct the film. Rhys Ifans and Sacha Baron Cohen will be featured in the film.[160][163][164] On January 21, 2014, the film was again retitled to Alice in Wonderland: Through the Looking Glass.[165] The title was later reworked once again to Alice Through the Looking Glass.


document_title: Mitochondrial intermembrane space

question_text: where do h+ ions accumulate in the mitochondria

question_tokens: where do h + ions accumulate in the mitochondria

text: Mitochondrial intermembrane space

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The intermembrane space of a Mitochondrion refers to the compartment formed between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.[1]

text: The intermembrane space is chemically similar to cytosol, but includes a large amount of small proteins as well. As electrons move down the proteins in the electron transport chain, the electrons lose energy to bring H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. As a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions forms, a protein called ATP synthase harnesses the potential energy of these ions and starts chemiosmosis, where the H+ ions reenter the matrix via this enzyme bound to the cristae (folds of the inner membrane). ADP and a phosphate group are combined to form ATP.