document_title: Cricket ball

question_text: when was the white ball first used in cricket

text: Cricket ball

text: Manufacture[edit]

text: British Standard BS 5993 specifies the construction details, dimensions, quality and performance of cricket balls.

text: A cricket ball is made with a core of cork, which is layered with tightly wound string, and covered by a leather case with a slightly raised sewn seam. In a top-quality ball suitable for the highest levels of competition, the covering is constructed of four pieces of leather shaped similar to the peel of a quartered orange, but one hemisphere is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the other. The "equator" of the ball is stitched with string to form the ball's prominent seam, with six rows of stitches. The remaining two joins between the leather pieces are stitched internally forming the quarter seam. Lower-quality balls with a two-piece covering are also popular for practice and lower-level competition due to their lower cost.

text:
Cricket ball specifications[3]

Weight
Circumference

Men, and boys 13 and over
5.5 to 5.75 oz (156 to 163 g)
8.81 to 9 in (224 to 229 mm)

Women, and girls 13 and over
4.94 to 5.31 oz (140 to 151 g)
8.25 to 8.88 in (210 to 226 mm)

Children under 13
4.69 to 5.06 oz (133 to 143 g)
8.06 to 8.69 in (205 to 221 mm)

Younger children

A plastic ball such as a  "Kwik cricket ball" is often used

text: The nature of the cricket ball slightly varies with its manufacturer. White Kookaburra balls are used in one-day  and Twenty20 international matches, while red Kookaburras are used in test matches played in most of the ten test-playing nations,[4] except for the West Indies and England, who use Dukes, and India, who use SG balls.[5]

text: Use[edit]

text: Cricket balls are traditionally red, and red balls are used in Test cricket and First-class cricket.

text: White balls were introduced when one-day matches began being played at night under floodlights, as they are more visible at night; all professional one-day matches are now played with white balls, even when they are not played at night. The white balls have been found to behave differently to the red balls, most notably that they swing a lot more during the first half of an innings than the red ball, and that they deteriorate more quickly. Manufacturers claim that white and red balls are manufactured using the same methods and materials,[1] other than the dying treatment of the leather. Another problem associated with white cricket balls used in One Day Internationals is that they quickly become dirty or dull in colour, which makes it more difficult for batsmen to sight the ball after 30-40 overs of use.[6][7] Since October 2012, this has been managed by the use of two new white balls in each innings, with a different ball used from each bowling end; the same strategy was used in the 1992 and 1996 Cricket World Cups. Between October 2007 and October 2012, the issue had been managed using one new ball from the start of the innings, then swapping it at the end of the 34th over with a "reconditioned ball", which was neither new nor too dirty to see. Before October 2007, except during 1992 and 1996 World Cups, only one ball was used during an innings of an ODI and it was the umpires discretion to change the ball if it was difficult to see.[8]

text: Pink balls were developed in the 2000s to enable Tests and first-class matches played at night. The red ball is unsuited to night tests due to poor visibility, and the white ball is unsuited to first-class cricket because its rapid deterioration makes it unable to be used for eighty overs as specified in the rules, so the pink ball was designed to provide a satisfactory compromise on both issues. It is still considered more difficult to see than a white ball; and the leather is more heavily dyed than in a red ball, which better preserves its colour and visibility as it wears but also gives it slightly different wear characteristics. It has performed well enough in testing and first-class cricket to be approved for use in international cricket.[9] A pink ball was used for the first time in an international match in July 2009 when the England Woman's team defeated Australia in a one-day match at Wormsley,[10] and a pink ball was used in a day-night Test match for the first time in November 2015. Other colours were also experimented with, such as yellow and orange (glowing composite), for improved night visibility, but pink proved to be the preferred option.

text: As of 2014, the ball used in Test match cricket in England has a recommended retail price of 100 pounds sterling.[11] In test match cricket this ball is used for a minimum of 80 overs (theoretically five hours and twenty minutes of play), after which the fielding side has the option of using a new ball. In professional one day cricket, at least two new balls are used for each match. Amateur cricketers often have to use old balls, or cheap substitutes, in which case the changes in the condition of the ball may not be experienced in the same manner as that which occurs during an innings of professional cricket.

text: There are three main manufacturers of cricket ball used in international matches: Kookaburra, Dukes and SG. The manufacturer of the red (or pink) balls used for Tests varies depending on location: India uses SG, England, Ireland and the West Indies use Dukes, and all other countries use Kookaburra. The different manufacturers' balls behave differently – e.g. Dukes balls have a prouder seam and will tend to swing more than a Kookaburra ball[12] – providing a home advantage when playing against a team unfamiliar with the ball. All limited overs international matches, regardless of location, are played with white Kookaburra balls.[13] White Dukes balls were used at the 1999 Cricket World Cup, but the ball behaved more erratically than the Kookaburra and has not since been used. Domestic competitions may use a domestic manufacturer: for example, Pakistan uses Grays balls in its first-class competitions.[14][15]

text: Cricket balls can be bowled at close to 160 km/h (100 mph) by pace bowlers and made to deviate from a straight course, both in the air (known as 'swinging') and off the ground (known as 'seaming'). A spin bowler imparts lateral revolutions on the ball at the point of delivery, so that when it bounces it deviates from a straight course. As cricket bats have become thicker, the ball can now be hit well over 100 metres before touching the ground.

text: Cricket commentator and former Test bowler Simon Doull noted that cricket balls produced after Cricket World Cup 2015 produced a lot less swing regardless of manufacturer. This was said to be apparent in 2017 ICC Champions Trophy, even in traditionally swing-friendly British pitches, particularly with white balls, but the former West-Indian bowler Ian Bishop was unwilling to support this.[16]

text: Condition of a cricket ball[edit]

text:
In test cricket, a new ball is used at the start of each innings in a match. In Limited Over Internationals, two new balls, one from each end, are used at the start of each innings in a match.
A cricket ball may not be replaced except under specific conditions described in the Laws of Cricket:

text: Because a single ball is used for an extended period of play, its surface wears down and becomes rough. The bowlers may polish it whenever they can - usually by rubbing it on their trousers, producing the characteristic red stain that can often be seen there. However, they will usually only polish one side of the ball, in order to create 'swing' as it travels through the air. They may apply saliva or sweat to the ball as they polish it.

text: The seam of a cricket ball can also be used to produce different trajectories through the air, with the technique known as swing bowling, or to produce sideways movement as it bounces off the pitch, with the technique known as seam bowling.

text: Since the condition of the cricket ball is crucial to the amount of movement through the air a bowler can produce, the laws governing what players may and may not do to the ball are specific and rigorously enforced. The umpires will inspect the ball frequently during a match. If the ball is out of shape due to normal wear and tear due to batting and ball hitting the pitch, a ball of similar usage rate and condition will be replaced (i.e. a ball of about 30-overs old will be replaced by a ball about the same 'age').

text: It is illegal for a player to:

text:
rub any substance apart from saliva or sweat onto the ball
rub the ball on the ground
scuff the ball with any rough object, including the fingernails
pick at or lift the seam of the ball.

text: Despite these rules, it can be tempting for players to gain an advantage by breaking them. There have been a handful of incidents of so-called ball tampering at the highest levels of cricket.

text: A new cricket ball is harder than a worn one, and is preferred by fast bowlers because of the speed and bounce of the ball off the pitch. Older balls tend to spin more as the roughness grips the pitch more when the ball bounces, so spin bowlers prefer to use a worn ball, though a ball of about 8-10 overs old is still useful to a spinner as it can get more drift in the air. Uneven wear on older balls may also make reverse swing possible.  A captain may delay the request for a new ball if he prefers to have his spin bowlers operating, but usually asks for the new ball soon after it becomes available.

text: Dangers of cricket balls[edit]

text: Cricket balls are hard and potentially lethal, so most of today's batsmen and close fielders often wear protective equipment. Cricket ball injuries are fairly frequent, including eye (with some players having lost eyes),[17] head and face,[18] finger and toe,[19] teeth[20] and testicular injuries.[19]

text: Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707–1751) is often said to have died of complications after being hit by a cricket ball, although the connection between the incident and his actual cause of death is unproven. Glamorgan player Roger Davis was almost killed by a ball in 1971 when he was hit on the head while fielding.[21] The Indian batsman Nariman 'Nari' Contractor had to retire from the game after being hit by a ball on the head in the West Indies in 1962.[22]

text: In 1998, Indian cricketer Raman Lamba died when a cricket ball hit his head in a club match in Dhaka.[23] Lamba was fielding at forward short-leg without wearing a helmet when a ball struck by batsman Mehrab Hossain hit him hard on the head and rebounded to wicket-keeper Khaled Mashud.

text: A cricket umpire, Alcwyn Jenkins, died in 2009 in Swansea, Wales after being hit on the head by a ball thrown by a fielder.[18]

text: In November 2014, Australia and South Australia batsman Phillip Hughes died at the age of 25 at a Sydney hospital after succumbing to an injury sustained from being hit on the side of the neck by a bouncer bowled by Sean Abbott during a Sheffield Shield game.[24] The same week, Hillel Oscar, an umpire and former captain of Israel's national cricket team died after being hit in the neck by a ball.[25]

text: On 14 August 2017, Zubair Ahmed died after being hit on the head while batting in a club match played in the Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.[26]

text: Alternatives to cricket balls[edit]

text: Sometimes alternatives to a real cricket ball may be preferred for reasons of safety, availability and cost. Examples include a tennis ball and a plastic version of the cricket ball.

text: Many casual players use a tennis ball wrapped in layers of some type of adhesive tape (often electrical tape), which makes the relatively soft tennis ball harder and smoother. This is commonly referred to as a tape ball. A common variant is to tape only half the tennis ball, to provide two different sides and make it easy to bowl with prodigious amounts of swing.


document_title: Bat Out of Hell

question_text: who sang with meatloaf on bat out of hell

root

text: Bat Out of Hell

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: The album developed from a musical, Neverland, a futuristic rock version of Peter Pan, which Steinman wrote for a workshop in 1974, and performed at the Kennedy Center Music Theatre Lab in 1977.[5][6] Steinman and Meat Loaf, who were touring with the National Lampoon show, felt that three songs were "exceptional" and Steinman began to develop them as part of a seven-song set they wanted to record as an album.[7] The three songs were "Bat Out of Hell", "Heaven Can Wait" and "The Formation of the Pack", which was later retitled "All Revved Up with No Place to Go".

tag: p

text: Bat Out of Hell is often compared to the music of Bruce Springsteen, particularly the album Born to Run. Steinman says that he finds that "puzzling, musically", although they share influences; "Springsteen was more an inspiration than an influence."[6] A BBC article added, "that Max Weinberg and Roy Bittan from Springsteen's E Street Band played on the album only helped reinforce the comparison."[8]

text: Steinman and Meat Loaf had immense difficulty finding a record company willing to sign them. According to Meat Loaf's autobiography, the band spent most of 1975 writing and recording material, and two and a half years auditioning the record and being rejected.[9] Manager David Sonenberg jokes that they were creating record companies just so they could be rejected.[10] They performed the album live in 1976, with Steinman on piano, Meat Loaf singing, and sometimes Ellen Foley joining them for "Paradise". Steinman says that it was a "medley of the most brutal rejections you could imagine."[11] Meat Loaf "almost cracked" when CBS executive Clive Davis rejected the project.[7] The singer recounts the incident in his autobiography. Not only did Davis, according to Meat Loaf, say that "actors don't make records", the executive challenged Steinman's writing abilities and knowledge of rock music:

text: Do you know how to write a song? Do you know anything about writing? If you're going to write for records, it goes like this: A, B, C, B, C, C. I don't know what you're doing. You're doing A, D, F, G, B, D, C. You don't know how to write a song... Have you ever listened to pop music? Have you ever heard any rock-and-roll music... You should go downstairs when you leave here... and buy some rock-and-roll records.[12]

text: Meat Loaf asserts "Jim, at the time, knew every record ever made. [He] is a walking rock encyclopedia." Although Steinman laughed off the insults, the singer screamed "Fuck you, Clive!" from the street up to his building.[13]

text: However, Todd Rundgren found the album hilarious, thinking that it was a parody of Springsteen.[14] The singer quotes him as saying: "I've got to do this album. It's just so out there." They told the producer that they had previously been signed to RCA.[9] In one 1989 interview with Classic Rock magazine, Steinman labeled him "the only genuine genius I've ever worked with."[7] In a 1989 interview with Redbeard for the In the Studio with Redbeard episode on the making of the album, Meat Loaf revealed that Jimmy Iovine and Andy Johns were potential candidates for producing Bat Out of Hell before being rejected by Meat and Steinman in favor of Rundgren, who Meat initially found cocky but grew to like.

text: Production[edit]

text: Recording started in late 1975 in Bearsville Studios, Woodstock, New York. Roy Bittan and Max Weinberg, the pianist and drummer from Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band played on the album, in addition to members of Rundgren's group Utopia: Kasim Sulton, Roger Powell and John "Willie" Wilcox. Edgar Winter played the saxophone on "All Revved Up".[9] Rundgren himself played guitar, including the "motorcycle solo" on "Bat Out of Hell".[15] Both Steinman and Rundgren were influenced by Phil Spector and his "wall of sound".[9] According to Meat Loaf, Rundgren put all the arrangements together because although "Jim could hear all the instruments" in his head, Steinman hummed rather than orchestrating.[15]

text: When Rundgren discovered that the deal with RCA did not actually exist, Albert Grossman, who had been Bob Dylan's manager, offered to put it on his Bearsville label but needed more money.[16] Rundgren had essentially paid for the album himself.[11] Mo Ostin at Warner Bros. was impressed, but other senior people rejected them after they performed live. Steinman had offended them a few years earlier by auditioning with a song named "Who Needs the Young", which contains the lyric "Is there anyone left who can fuck? Screw 'em!"[17]

text: Another E Street Band member, Steve Van Zandt, and Sonenberg arranged to contact Cleveland International Records, a subsidiary of Epic Records. After listening to the spoken word intro to "You Took the Words Right Out of My Mouth" ("Hot Summer Night"), founder Steve Popovich accepted the album for Cleveland.[17][18]

text: Rundgren mixed the record in one night. However, the mixes were not suitable to the extent that Meat Loaf did not want "Paradise" on the album. Jimmy Iovine, who had mixed Springsteen's Born to Run, remixed some of the tracks. After several attempts by several people, John Jansen mixed the version of "Paradise" that is on the album. According to Meat Loaf, he, Jansen and Steinman mixed the title track.[16]

text: Phil Rizzuto's baseball play-by-play call for "Paradise by the Dashboard Light" was recorded in 1976 at The Hit Factory in New York City by Rundgren, Meat Loaf and Steinman. As an Italian Catholic, Rizzuto publicly maintained he was unaware that his contribution would be equated with sex in the finished song. However, Meat Loaf asserts that Rizzuto only claimed ignorance to stifle some criticism from a priest and was fully aware of the context of what he was recording.[19]

text: Composition[edit]

text:
"Bat Out of Hell"

This sample features the beginning of the chorus.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

tag: table

text: Todd Rundgren acknowledges that Steinman was highly influenced by the "rural suburban teenage angst" of Bruce Springsteen.[20] According to manager David Sonenberg, "Jim would always come up with these great titles and then he would write a song that would try to justify the greatness of the title."[10]

text: The album tells the story of a young man who dies in a motorcycle crash while speeding and relives select moments from his life before his soul is taken to Hell. It opens with the title track "Bat Out of Hell", taken from Steinman's Neverland musical. It is the result of Steinman's desire to write the "most extreme crash song of all time."[11] It features a boy who is riding so fast and ecstatically that he is unable to see an obstruction until it is "way too late". As the unnamed young man slowly dies, he thinks back to the first time he met his girlfriend ("You Took the Words Right Out of My Mouth"), opens with spoken word section, that was also taken from the Neverland musical, as were the next two tracks.[21]

text: As he dies, he reflects on wanting to see his love one more time ("Heaven Can Wait") and remember their love before he goes to heaven. the young man thinks more deeply into the beginning of his relationship with his unnamed lover and the first time he had sex with her ("All Revved Up and Nowhere to Go"):

text:
You and me 'round about midnight
Someone's got to draw first blood [...]
Oooh I got to draw first blood.

text: Side Two opens with the young man's dying thoughts turning to his recent breakup with the unnamed lover ("Two Out of Three Ain't Bad"); the song was written quite late in the album's production, shortly before the album was released.[10] The song documents the breakup of a relationship where despite the fact that the man wants and needs the woman, he will never love her; he tries to be positive and supportive, however, in emphasizing that wanting her and needing her are very positive things—i.e., "ain't bad"—which gives the song an ironic twist. A further twist is that the reason the man will never love the woman is because he already loves another woman, who broke up with him because she already loved another man. Rundgren identifies how the song was influenced by the Eagles, who were successful at the time. The producer also highlights the "underlying humor in the lyrics", citing the line "There ain't no Coupe de Ville hiding at the bottom of a Cracker Jack box." He says you could only "get away" with that lyric "in a Meat Loaf song".[20]

text: The young man then begins to remember his first sexual encounter with his unnamed lover as a teenager, when he pressured her into having sex with him in his car ("Paradise by the Dashboard Light"); the song features a duet between Meat Loaf and Ellen Foley in which The Boy (the dying man's younger self) and his unnamed girlfriend in which The Boy tries to convince his girlfriend to submit to him, while the girl feebly attempts to reject his advances. They "make out" heavily in the middle instrumental section, described in metaphor in a baseball commentary by New York Yankees announcer Phil Rizzuto. Right before The Man is about to take her virginity, the girl makes him swear that he will love her, which he passionately agrees to; however, over time The Man grows sick of the relationship and ultimately commits suicide by crashing his car ("if I got to spend another minute with you I don't think that I can really survive.")

text: As the young man begins to accept his inevitable death ("For Crying Out Loud"), an angel appears to him and forces him to accept the fact that his girlfriend's seemingly "interfering behavior" was really her trying to save him; however, due to his selfish ways he was unable to appreciate the support she tried to give him and instead viewed his relationship with her as merely sexual ("And can't you see my faded Levi's bursting apart.") As he finally dies, he is taken before God, who condemns him for his selfish behavior and sends him to Hell.

text: Comparing the album to Steinman's late-1960s musical The Dream Engine, Classic Rock magazine says that Steinman's imagery is "revved up and testosterone-fueled. Songs like "Paradise by the Dashboard Light", "Two Out of Three Ain't Bad" and "For Crying Out Loud" echoed the textbook teenage view of sex and life: irrepressible physical urges and unrealistic romantic longing."[7]

text: Steinman's songs for Bat Out of Hell are personal but not autobiographical:

text: I never thought of them as personal songs in terms of my own life but they were personality songs. They were all about my obsessions and images. None of them takes place in a normal world. They all take place in an extreme world. Very operatic ... they were all heightened. They don't take place in normal reality.[11]

text: For example, citing the narrative of "Paradise", Rundgren jokes that he can't imagine Steinman being at a lakeside with the most beautiful girl in school, but he can imagine Steinman imagining it.[20]

text: Cover[edit]

text: Steinman is credited with the album cover concept, which was illustrated by Richard Corben. The cover depicts a motorcycle, ridden by a long-haired man, bursting out of the ground in a graveyard. In the background, a large bat perches atop a mausoleum that towers above the rest of the tombstones. In 2001, Q magazine listed the cover as number 71 in its list of "The Hundred Best Record Covers of All Time."[22]

text: Steinman had wanted equal billing with Meat Loaf on the album's title. He wanted it to be called "Jim Steinman presents..." or "Jim and Meat," or vice versa. For marketing reasons, the record company wished to make 'Meat Loaf' the recognizable name. As a compromise, the words "Songs by Jim Steinman" appear relatively prominently on the cover. The singer believes that this was probably the beginning of their "ambivalent relationship."[23]

text: Title[edit]

text: The phrase "Bat Out of Hell" can be traced back to the Greek playwright Aristophanes' 414 B.C. work titled The Birds.[24] In it is what is believed to be the first reference to a bat out of Hell:

text: Near by the land of the Sciapodes there is a marsh, from the borders whereof the unwashed Socrates evokes the souls of men. Pisander came one day to see his soul, which he had left there when still alive. He offered a little victim, a camel, slit his throat and, following the example of Odysseus, stepped one pace backwards. Then that bat of a Chaerephon came up from hell to drink the camel's blood.

text: Steinman registered "Bat Out of Hell" as a trademark in 1995, and sought to prevent Meat Loaf from using the title.[25] In 2006, however, the singer sought to cancel Steinman's trademark and use the title for Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose.[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[27]

Rolling Stone
mixed[28]

Robert Christgau
C−[29]

text: Bat Out of Hell was released by Cleveland International in September 1977. Cleveland International's parent label was Epic Records, where almost everyone hated it.[18] Steve Popovich, the head of Cleveland International Records, was relentless in his efforts to get Epic and all of CBS Records and radio on board. In 1993, Steinman reflected that the album is "timeless in that it didn't fit into any trend. It's never been a part of what's going on. You could release that record at any time and it would be out of place."[30]

text: Response to the album was slow. Steinman asserts that it was "underpromoted", having a reputation of being "damaged goods because it had been walked around to so many places." Due to the enthusiastic response to the music videos from the record, Australia and England were the first to develop interest.[11] The BBC television programme The Old Grey Whistle Test aired a clip of the live band performing the nine-minute title track. According to Classic Rock, response was so overwhelming, that they screened it again the following week. They later invited the band to perform "Paradise" live. "As a result, in the UK Bat became an unfashionable, uncool, non-radio record that became a 'must-have' for everyone who heard it, whether they 'got' Steinman's unique perspective or not."[18]

text: Meanwhile, in North America according to Billboard Magazine, Steve Popovich and his partners began promoting the album aggressively, first getting radio play in Omaha, Neb., Cleveland and New York. By year's end, the album had sold a respectable 140,000 copies by Popovich's account, but the promotion people at Epic were still unmoved. Popovich, in a letter to his former boss Alexenburg, complained, "Some of your guys have given up." But not in Canada. Graham Powers, CBS Canada’s Director of Marketing introduced himself to CHUM-FM’s new Program Director Warren Cosford. Cosford’s background was as the Production Manager of Radio Documentaries on The Beatles, Elvis Presley and the 64 hour Evolution of Rock which were in syndication throughout North America. Powers had heard that Warren was a fan of ‘Wall of Sound’ Production and suggested that he listen to Bat Out of Hell over the Christmas and New Years holiday. Cosford loved it. The first day after New Years he called a Music Meeting. Everyone agreed they should not only ‘add’ Bat Out of Hell….but put it in ‘Heavy Rotation’ for a week to gauge audience response. The Telephones lit up. As their Parent Company in New York had earlier turned the record down and were merely distributing it, CBS Canada were surprised, but jumped on board. Later, as Graham Powers said, “Tackling the Meatloaf campaign was different from handling most other CBS international acts in that there was no prior stateside success to refer to. The album was doing virtually nothing in the U.S. and subsequently had to be approached as a totally new project in Canada with a Marketing Campaign developed from scratch”. Publicity Manager Liz Braun added….. After Meatloaf had played at the El Mocambo where he caused a riot, all the press in town wanted to talk to him and did. Suddenly he had a hardcore following in Toronto and he was asked to perform at the CBS Convention in New Orleans. Meat Loaf ‘Live’ at The El Mocambo was immediately pressed to disc and distributed to stations throughout North America. On the Canadian charts, the album reached number 5 (for 2 weeks after 27 weeks on the chart) having been number 6 for 7 weeks.

text: Still, the album was not an immediate hit in the U.S.; it was more of a growing one. Bat Out of Hell still sells about 200,000 copies per year and has sold an estimated 43 million copies worldwide,[31][32] including 14 million in the United States[33] and over 1.7 million albums in Australia, where it is the second best-selling album in the country behind John Farnham's Whispering Jack (1.73 million copies),[34][35] and even re-entered the ARIA Charts in June 2007, at #34. It stayed on the United Kingdom charts for 485 weeks,[36] a feat surpassed only by the 522 weeks of Fleetwood Mac's Rumours.[37] In 1989, Kerrang! magazine listed the album at No. 38 among the "100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time".[38] In 2003, the album was ranked number 343 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.[39] In 2005, Bat Out of Hell was ranked number 301 in Rock Hard magazine's book of The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time.[40] In 2006 it was voted number nine in a poll conducted by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to discover Australia's most popular album.[41] In November 2007, Meat Loaf was awarded the Classic Album award in Classic Rock's Classic Rock Roll Of Honour.[42] The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[43]

text: Reviews were initially mixed, but have since become much more positive. At first Rolling Stone called the songs "swell, but... entirely mannered and derivative" and noted that the arrangements "aren't bad", although the musicians were commended. The review ended with the assertion that the "principals have some growing to do."[44] Modern reviews are more positive, however. Allmusic declares "this is Grand Guignol pop—epic, gothic, operatic, and silly, and it's appealing because of all of this." They acknowledge that Steinman is "a composer without peer, simply because nobody else wanted to make mini-epics like this." Rundgren's production is applauded, as is the wit in the music and lyrics. "It may elevate adolescent passion to operatic dimensions, and that's certainly silly, but it's hard not to marvel at the skill behind this grandly silly, irresistible album."[45]

text: Also, Meat Loaf revealed on In the Studio with Redbeard that he was not well received early on in the tour when he was opening for Cheap Trick. In the same interview, Meat Loaf revealed that when he played at a CBS Records convention in 1978, record executives and superstar Billy Joel (who was in the audience) gave Meat Loaf a standing ovation for his performance after a haunting rendition of the closing track "For Crying Out Loud", and credits this as the turning point in the album's success in the United States.

text: Dispute between Cleveland International and Sony Records[edit]

text: In 1995, Cleveland International sued Sony for unpaid royalties from sales of the album. Under the terms of the 1998 settlement agreement ending the suit, Sony agreed to include the Cleveland International logo on all future releases of the album. In 2002, Steve Popovich, founder of Cleveland International and the owner of the rights to its name, sued Sony, alleging that Sony had failed to include the Cleveland International logo on some copies of the album and on some compilations Sony released that included songs from the album. On May 31, 2005, the federal district court in Cleveland, Ohio, entered judgment against Sony pursuant to a jury verdict in favor of Popovich and awarded Popovich more than US$5,000,000 in damages for Sony's breach of the 1998 settlement agreement. On November 21, 2007, the federal appellate court in Cincinnati, Ohio, affirmed the judgment of the trial court.[46]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by Jim Steinman.

text:
Side one

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Bat Out of Hell"
9:48

2.
"You Took the Words Right Out of My Mouth (Hot Summer Night)"
5:04

3.
"Heaven Can Wait"
4:38

4.
"All Revved Up with No Place to Go"
4:19

text:
Side two

No.
Title
Length

5.
"Two Out of Three Ain't Bad"
5:23

6.
"Paradise by the Dashboard Light" (duet with Ellen Foley) (I. Paradise / II. Let Me Sleep On It / III. Praying for the End of Time)
8:28

7.
"For Crying Out Loud"
8:45

text: Versions[edit]

text: The album also exists in numerous other formats and re-releases, including a Super Audio CD version, a 25th anniversary edition (2001 – Epic/Legacy #62171) with two bonus tracks ("Great Boléros of Fire (live intro)" [3:54] and "Bat Out of Hell (live)" [11:10], and a Bat Out of Hell: Re-Vamped release (1991) featuring the bonus song "Dead Ringer for Love".

text: A new hybrid SACD version was released in late 2016 by Analog Spark, an audiophile imprint of the Razor & Tie label, mastered from the original tapes by Ryan Smith at Sterling Sound. (Early copies erroneously name Kevin Gray as the mastering engineer; Analog Spark issued a statement that this intended arrangement did not happen because of a "miscommunication.")

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Arrangements[edit]

text:
Kenneth Ascher – string arrangements (3, 5)
Steve Margoshes – orchestra arrangement (7)

tag: ul

text: Band[edit]

text:
Meat Loaf – lead vocals, backing vocals (6), percussion (2)
Todd Rundgren – guitar (1, 2, 4–6), percussion (1, 2), keyboards (1), backing vocals (1–3, 5, 6)
Kasim Sulton – bass guitar (1, 2, 4–7), backing vocals (1)
Roy Bittan – piano, keyboards (1-2, 6)
Steve Margoshes – piano (7)
Cheryl Hardwick – piano (7)
Jim Steinman – keyboards (1, 2, 6), percussion (1, 2), "lascivious effects" (6)
Roger Powell – synthesizer (1, 2, 5, 6)
Edgar Winter – saxophone (2, 4, 6)
Max Weinberg – drums (1, 2, 6)
John "Willie" Wilcox – drums (4, 5, 7)
Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto – play-by-play (6)
Ellen Foley – featured vocal (6), backing vocals (1, 2, 4, 6)
Rory Dodd – backing vocals (all except 4)
Gene Orloff – concert master (7)
Members of New York Philharmonic and Philadelphia Orchestra – orchestra (7)

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1977–78)
Peak
position

Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)[47]
1

Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[48]
5[49]

Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[50]
1

German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[51]
11

New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[52]
1

Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[53]
13

UK Albums (OCC)[54]
9

US Billboard 200[55]
14

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[56]
25× Platinum
1,750,000^

Canada (Music Canada)[57]
2× Diamond
2,000,000^

Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[58]
2× Platinum
40,000^

Germany (BVMI)[59]
Platinum
500,000^

New Zealand (RMNZ)[60]
17× Platinum
255,000^

United Kingdom (BPI)[61]
10× Platinum
3,282,300[62]

United States (RIAA)[63]
14× Platinum
14,000,000^

Summaries

Worldwide

43,000,000

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone


document_title: Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater

question_text: where does the saying don't throw the baby out with the bath water come from

question_tokens: where does the saying do n 't throw the baby out with the bath water come from

text: History[edit]

text: This idiom derives from a German proverb, das Kind mit dem Bade ausschütten. The earliest record of this phrase is in 1512, in Narrenbeschwörung (Appeal to Fools) by Thomas Murner; and this book includes a woodcut illustration showing a woman tossing a baby out with waste water. It is a common catchphrase in German, with examples of its use in work by Martin Luther, Johannes Kepler, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Otto von Bismarck, Thomas Mann, and Günter Grass.[6][7]

text: Thomas Carlyle adapted the concept in an 1849 essay on slavery:[7]

text: And if true, it is important for us, in reference to this Negro Question and some others. The Germans say, "you must empty-out the bathing-tub, but not the baby along with it." Fling-out your dirty water with all zeal, and set it careening down the kennels; but try if you can keep the little child![8]

text: Carlyle is urging his readers to join in the struggle to end slavery, but he also encourages them to be mindful of the need to try to avoid harming the slaves themselves in the process.[8]

text: Some claim the phrase originates from a time when the whole household shared the same bath water.[9]  The head of household (Lord) would bathe first, followed by the men, then the Lady and the women, then the children, followed lastly by the baby. The water would be so black from dirt a baby could be accidentally "tossed out with the bathwater".[9] Others state there is no historical evidence there is any connection with the practice of several family members using the same bath water, the baby being bathed last.[10]

text: Alternative expressions[edit]

text: The meaning and intent of the English idiomatic expression is sometimes presented in different terms.

text:
Throw out the champagne with the cork[11]
Empty the baby out with the bath[12]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Cheng Lim Tan. (2002). Advanced English Idioms for Effective Communication, p. 52.

Jump up ^ "What Does "Throwing the Baby out with the Bath Water" Mean?". Wisegeek.com. Retrieved May 31, 2013.

Jump up ^ Jewell, Elizabeth, ed. (2006). The Pocket Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus (2nd edition), p. 53.

Jump up ^ The World Book Dictionary,' Vol. 1, p. 146.

Jump up ^ Nichols, James. (1995). Assessment Case Studies: Common Issues in Implementation with Various Campus Approaches to Resolution, p. 16.

Jump up ^ Wilton, David. (2004). Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends, pp. 66-67.

^ Jump up to: a b Quinion, Michael (6 April 2013). "Don't throw the baby out with the bath water". Newsletter. World Wide Words. Retrieved 6 April 2013.

^ Jump up to: a b Wilton, p. 67.

^ Jump up to: a b Pilkington, Karl; Marchant, Stephen; Gervais, Ricky (May–June 2005). "Explanation, throw the baby out with the bathwater" (Audio). XFM. Retrieved November 8, 2013.

Jump up ^ http://mentalfloss.com/article/55503/7-tall-tales-about-life-1500s-and-origins-phrases

Jump up ^ Shaw Bernard and Edwin Wilson. (1961). Shaw on Shakespeare: an Anthology of Bernard Shaw's Writings on Plays and Production of Shakespeare, p. xvii.

Jump up ^ Kirkpatrick, Betty. (1999). Clichés: Over 1500 Phrases Explored and Explained, pp. 180-181, citing George Bernard Shaw's "Parent's and Children" (1914).

tag: ol


document_title: Qadam Qadam Badaye Ja

question_text: who wrote the kadam kadam badhaye ja khushi ke geet

text: Qadam Qadam Badaye Ja

text:
"Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja"
March by Ram Singh ThakurWritten
1942Text
by Pt. Vanshidhar ShuklaLanguage
Devanagari, Hindi

text: "Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja" (Hindi: क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा) was the regimental quick march of the Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army.  Written by Pt. Vanshidhar Shukla and composed by  Ram Singh Thakuri, it was banned in India after World War II as "seditious", which was subsequently lifted in August 1947. The song has since become a patriotic song in India, and has been re-interpreted by various Indian musicians including C. Ramachandra and A.R. Rahman. The song  is currently the regimental quickmarch of the Indian Army.[1][2]

text: Lyrics[edit]

text:
Devnagari script

Romanised Hindi

Translation (Approximate)

क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा
ख़ुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये ज़िंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा

तू शेर-ए-हिन्द आगे बढ़
मरने से तू कभी न डर
उड़ा के दुश्मनों का सर
जोश-ए-वतन बढ़ाये जा

क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा
ख़ुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये ज़िंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा

हिम्मत तेरी बढ़ती रहे
ख़ुदा तेरी सुनता रहे
जो सामने तेरे खड़े
तू ख़ाक़ में मिलाये जा

क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा
ख़ुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये ज़िंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा

चलो दिल्ली पुकार के
क़ौमी-निशाँ संभाल के
लाल क़िले पे गाड़ के
लहराये जा लहराये जा

क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा
ख़ुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये ज़िंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा

Qadam Qadam baṛāye jā
khushi kē gīt gāē jā
yē zīndagi hai qâum kī
tū qâum pē lūtāē jā

tū shēr-ē-hind āgē baṛ
marnē sē tū kabhī nā daṛ
Ūṛākē dushmanō kā  saṛ
jōsh-ē-vatan baṛāē jā

Qadam Qadam baṛāye jā
khushi kē gīt gāē jā
yē zīndagi hai qâum kī
tū qâum pē lūtāē jā

himmat tēri baṛtī rahē
khuda tērī suntā rahē
jō sāmnē tērē khaṛē
tū khāq mē milāē jā

Qadam Qadam baṛāye jā
khushi kē gīt gāē jā
yē zndagi hai qâum kī
tū qâum pē lūtāē jā

Chalō Dillī pūkār kē
qâumi-nishāñ sam.bhāl kē
Lāl qilē pē gāṛ kē
lehrāē jā lehrāē jā

Qadam qadam baṛāye jā
khushi kē geet gāē jā
yē zindagi hai qâum kī
tū qâum pē lūtāē jā

Keep stepping forward
Singing songs of happiness
This life belongs to our Nation
Keep laying it down for her

March forward You the Tiger of India
never ever be afraid to die
By Blowing away the enemy's head
Raise the spirits of your nation

Keep stepping forward
Singing songs of happiness
This life belongs to our Nation
Keep laying it down for her

Let your courage be ever increasing
May The Lord always hear you
As for those who stand in your way
Keep trampling them to dust and ashes

Keep stepping forward
Singing songs of happiness
This life belongs to our Nation
Keep laying it down for her

Let "Towards Delhi" be your war-cry
And hold the Nation's banner high
Plant it on the Red Fort
And wave it high, wave it high

Keep stepping forward
Singing songs of happiness
This life belongs to our Nation
Keep laying it down for her


document_title: Danica Patrick

question_text: who is danica patrick racing for at indy

text: Danica Patrick

text: Early life[edit]

text: Patrick was born on March 25, 1982, in Beloit, Wisconsin.[2] She is the daughter of working-class parents Beverly Ann (née Flaten) and Terry Joseph "T. J." Patrick Jr.[3] Her parents met on a blind date at a snowmobile event in the 1970s when Flaten was a mechanic for a friend's snowmobile. Patrick Jr. raced snowmobiles, motocross, and midget cars.[4] They have owned a Java Hut and a plate glass company.[5] Danica Patrick has a younger sister, Brooke, a pediatric physical therapist.[6] She was raised in Roscoe, Illinois,[7] and was a cheerleader at Hononegah Community High School located in nearby Rockton in 1996. She spent her off-time babysitting for a family down the road when she was not racing.[8] When the girls were ten and eight respectively, their parents sought a hobby that would bring the family closer together. They saved money to purchase a pontoon boat, but its owner did not respond to their offer.[6] The sisters told their parents of their wish to race go-karts after a friend of Brooke's allowed her to drive one; they were both given a go-kart.[4]

text: Patrick began karting at Sugar River Raceway in Brodhead, Wisconsin.[a][9] Her father acted as her crew chief while her mother kept statistics on her racing.[10] Patrick had no role models or idols; she was never "striving to achieve female goals," but aspired to "be the best [she] could be."[11] In her debut race, she crashed into a concrete wall at 25 mph (40 km/h) due to a brake failure. She emerged from the wreck uninjured.[4][6] Patrick improved to finish second out of twenty drivers at the year's end after a twenty-two race schedule.[12] She gradually improved her eye to foot coordination, allowing her to set numerous age track records at Sugar River Raceway and Michiana Raceway Park.[13] At age 13, Patrick asked her parents about moving to California so she could compete throughout the year; they declined, citing business commitments.[9] Nevertheless, she ventured across much of the Midwestern United States, and the rest of the country, to enable her to race. To help defray travel expenses, the family sold merchandise featuring Patrick and imposed a rule that prevented her from undertaking activities that would harm her public image.[14]

text: She won ten regional karting titles, and the World Karting Association Grand National Championship in the Yamaha Sportsman, and later HPV class three times: in 1994, 1996 and 1997.[b][7] Patrick was accepted into the Indianapolis-based Lyn St. James Foundation Driver Development Program in 1996. She was taught auto racing's business ventures, and her driving abilities were further refined.[5] Her father often contacted newspapers weekly to chronicle his daughter's performance. Additionally, ABC and MTV ran television segments on Patrick in 1997.[15] This exposure led to her being hired by John Mecom Jr. (introduced to Patrick by St. James two years earlier) to compete in the United Kingdom racing circuit.[15][13] Patrick and her father visited Mecom's family who agreed to sponsor her on the condition she was sent to a high-quality driving school for further refinement of her racing abilities.[4] She ended up attending three driving schools, including Track Speed School at Sebring International Raceway and the Formula Ford driving school.[12][16] Patrick later competed in a Sports Car Club of America race at Daytona International Speedway in May 1998.[12]

text: Junior formulae (1998–2004)[edit]

text: Patrick's parents consented to her dropping out of high school midway through her junior year in 1998, and obtain a GED certification.[5][14] She moved by herself to England to advance her racing career and resided in the Buckinghamshire town of Milton Keynes.[14] Three-time Formula One world champion Jackie Stewart helped Patrick[5] and she socialized with drivers such as Jenson Button.[17] Being both American and female, she was met with much opposition, but this experience helped her develop a stronger sense of independence and learn to overcome adversity.[14] Patrick received some financial backing from the Ford Motor Company,[4] although she later lost Mecom's support after one season following rumors that she was living an extravagant lifestyle. She successfully persuaded her father to underwrite her career.[13]

text: During the three years Patrick spent in the United Kingdom, she raced in Formula Vauxhall and Formula Ford,[9] coming ninth in points in the 1999 British Formula Vauxhall Championship.[4] She competed for Haywood Racing in Formula Ford and was the lead test driver for Mygale.[16] Patrick was uncompetitive in Formula Ford, claiming the equipment she received was of poor quality.[13] Nevertheless, she came second in the 2000 Formula Ford Festival at Brands Hatch with Haywood Racing, tying Danny Sullivan's best performance by an American in the event.[4] That strong result led to her receiving a Formula Three test with Carlin in 2001. Jaguar Racing team principal Bobby Rahal organized a second test for her with the expectation it would lead to her being put in the Paul Stewart Racing development program, but it was cancelled in the summer of 2001, after new owner Niki Lauda fired Rahal.[5][18] That year, she was awarded the Gorsline Scholarship Award as the most aspiring road course competitor and was recognized as the top female open wheel race car driver with experience on the international scene.[7]

text: Patrick had a difficult season as the Mygale cars she drove did not suit her smooth driving style, and was outpaced by her teammates. Ford later terminated her program as they suspected the capital they gave her was being misused and felt she was not getting enough technical support.[18] Patrick returned to the United States later that year after her funding dried up.[3][15] She began negotiations to drive a BMW M3 for Team PTG in the American Le Mans Series in 2002, which ended when BMW withdrew over a technological dispute.[18][19] Her 2002 campaign began with the fund-raising Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race, where she defeated Tommy Kendall to win the professional class, and placed third overall.[20] Patrick and her father traveled to race tracks on weekends with expectations of her being hired by a team owner.[3] She spoke to Rahal about a race seat in June that year; he signed her to a three-year contract at Milwaukee Mile.[13] That month, Patrick tested the ppc Racing Ford Taurus NASCAR Busch Series car in a two-day test session at Greenville-Pickens Speedway.[21]

text: She took part in five races in the Barber Dodge Pro Series, placing 13th in points with a best finish of fourth at Molson Indy Vancouver.[22] Patrick switched to the Toyota Atlantic Series in 2003, and was the first woman to race in the championship since 1974. The season saw her secure the first podium for a woman in series' history at the season-opening race in Monterey. She improved on this by coming second in Miami at the year's end. Patrick placed sixth in the drivers' standings with five top-five finishes.[22] In June that year, she made her sports car debut at the Grand Prix of Atlanta (part of the American Le Mans Series), partnering Jérôme Policand in the No. 80 GTS-class Prodrive Ferrari 550, finishing fourth in class and tenth overall.[23] In 2004, Patrick competed in the Toyota Atlantic Series for the second consecutive year, becoming the first woman to win a pole position in series' history at the Portland International Raceway race.[22] She took the points lead after finishing second, making her the first woman to lead the championship standings.[22] Patrick ended the season third in points with ten top-five finishes in twelve races.[13]

text: IndyCar Series career[edit]

text: 2005–2007 (Rahal Letterman Racing and Andretti Green Racing)[edit]

text: In December 2004, Rahal Letterman Racing named Patrick to their IndyCar Series roster for 2005 after the team found the resources to run a third car.[24] She debuted at the season-opening race at Homestead-Miami Speedway, starting ninth and crashing out heavily, which led to her being hospitalized for a mild concussion.[25] In the season's fourth race, the Indy Japan 300 at Twin Ring Motegi, Patrick started second and led 32 laps before settling for her best finish of the season, fourth.[26] After setting the fastest overall practice speed at the Indianapolis 500, she started fourth and missed out on winning the race as she was required to conserve fuel. She came fourth after leading 19 laps and achieved multiple firsts for women at the track.[27] Patrick took her first career pole position at the season's eighth race at Kansas Speedway, becoming the second woman in IndyCar Series' history to achieve the feat after Sarah Fisher in 2002.[28] She took two more pole positions at Kentucky Speedway and Chicagoland Speedway to match Tomas Scheckter's record for the most pole positions in a rookie season.[29] Patrick ended 2005 with an 18th-place finish at California Speedway after a clash with Jaques Lazier,[30] finishing her rookie season with 325 points (12th in the points' standings) and seven top-ten finishes.[31] She was named Rookie of the Year for both the Indianapolis 500 and the IndyCar Series.[2]

text: Patrick returned to Rahal Letterman Racing for the 2006 season.[32] In January, she made her endurance racing debut at the 24 Hours of Daytona, co-driving a Howard-Boss Motorsports Daytona Prototype-class Pontiac Crawford shared by Rusty Wallace, Allan McNish and Jan Lammers. The quartet was in contention for the victory, but retired from overheating problems.[33] Although she qualified third for the season-opening Toyota Indy 300, her team withdrew after teammate Paul Dana was killed in a practice session accident on the day of the race.[34] Thus, Patrick's 2006 IndyCar campaign began at the first road course round of the season, the Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, where she finished sixth;[32] she came eighth at the Indy Japan 300 at Motegi.[35] At the Indianapolis 500, Patrick finished eighth after starting tenth.[36] The rest of her season was modest with four top-tens, which included a season-high placing of consecutive fourth-position finishes: first at the Firestone Indy 200 at Nashville Speedway, and then the ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 at Milwaukee Mile.[35] Patrick came ninth in the final standings with 302 points.[35] In November, the March of Dimes awarded her the title of Sportswoman of the Year in celebration of her dedication and success.[37]

text: Before the 2007 season, Patrick moved to Andretti Green Racing, in place of Bryan Herta in its No. 7 Dallara-IR05 Honda.[38] She opened her season with two top-ten finishes in the first four races (eighth at St. Petersburg and seventh at Kansas).[39] Patrick started the Indianapolis 500 in eighth position. She raced competitively with the leaders, and finished in the same position she started, when the race was halted by rain after 166 laps.[40] Patrick clinched her second consecutive eighth-place finish at the ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 which was overshadowed by a physical confrontation with Dan Wheldon;[41] the two reconciled after privately meeting with IndyCar president Brian Barnhart.[42] She took her then best career finish with a third at the Bombardier Learjet 550,[43] and improved on this result by clinching second at the season's penultimate race, the Detroit Indy Grand Prix at Belle Isle Street Circuit.[44] Patrick closed off the year by coming eleventh at the season-closing Peak Antifreeze Indy 300 at Chicagoland Speedway, to place seventh in the drivers' standings with 424 points and eleven top-ten finishes.[39]

text: 2008–2009 (first victory and peak performance)[edit]

text: To begin the 2008 season, her second with Andretti Green Racing, Patrick scored her then best career Homestead finish of sixth. She followed that up with another top ten by scoring a tenth-place finish at St. Petersburg.[45] At the Indy Japan 300 at Twin Ring Motegi on April 20, Patrick moved to the front of the field with three laps remaining after the previous leaders were forced to make pit stops for fuel and held the first position to secure her maiden IndyCar victory.[46] This triumph made her the first woman to win a top-level sanctioned open wheel car racing event.[47] At the season's fourth round at Kansas Speedway, Patrick finished 19th after a hubcap failure.[45] After qualifying fifth for the Indianapolis 500, she retired from the race early after a collision in the pit lane. As Ryan Briscoe exited his pitbox, the two cars collided, and both were eliminated from the race.[48] Thereafter, Patrick finished within the top ten for five of the next six races in the season.[45] At Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course, she had an incident with Milka Duno in practice. Patrick walked to Duno's pit stall, and confronted her before walking away.[49] She ended the season with three further top-ten finishes with a best of fifth at Infineon Raceway.[45] Patrick finished sixth in the final standings with 379 points, the highest placed American over the course of the season.[50]

text: In the 2009 off-season, she made her second appearance at the 24 Hours of Daytona and teamed up with Casey Mears, Andy Wallace, and Rob Finlay in the No. 2 Daytona Prototype class Pontiac Crawford DP08 fielded by Childress-Howard Motorsports, finishing eighth in class and overall after overcoming several mechanical issues.[51] Patrick again returned to Andretti Green Racing for the 2009 season.[52] She placed 19th in the first race of the season, the Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, after clashing with Raphael Matos while in ninth place.[52] Patrick recovered to finish fourth and fifth in the next two races of the season, at Long Beach and Kansas.[53] She took her best career finish in five attempts at the Indianapolis 500 by finishing in third position. This set a new record for the highest-placed finish in Indianapolis 500 history.[54] For the rest of the season, she scored seven more top-ten finishes with her best efforts being a pair of fifth positions at the Milwaukee and Richmond races.[55] Patrick finished the season fifth overall in the point standings, her highest finish to date. This fifth-place finish was not only the highest of any of the Andretti drivers, but of any non-Penske or Chip Ganassi Racing driver for the season.[56]  In December, she signed a contract extension that would see her through the next two seasons, with the option for a third in 2012.[57]

text: 2010–2011 (final two full-time IndyCar seasons)[edit]

text: The 2010 season saw Patrick return to drive with the newly renamed Andretti Autosport in the IndyCar Series, as well as a limited schedule with JR Motorsports in the NASCAR Nationwide Series (now Xfinity Series).[57] As in the previous year, her season began poorly as she could only muster a 15th-place finish at the inaugural São Paulo Indy 300 after spinning in inclement weather.[58] Nevertheless, at the season's second round, the delayed Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, Patrick made her first appearance in the top ten by placing seventh.[59] At the Indianapolis 500, she qualified a career low 23rd; in the race, Patrick struggled with her car en route to finishing sixth.[60] The Firestone 550 at Texas Motor Speedway one week later was her best performance of the season, which saw her lead one lap and finish in second.[61] At the Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma, Patrick set a new series record for the most consecutive races running at the finish with her 29th event passing without her failing to finish.[62] She ended her season by equaling her best result of the season in the final IndyCar race at Homestead-Miami Speedway which enabled her to finish tenth in the drivers' standings with 367 points.[63]

text: In January 2011, Patrick's contract required her to inform Andretti team owner Michael Andretti of her plans for 2012 and she told him of her intention to leave.[64] The beginning of the 2011 season saw her struggle in comparison with her previous two years at Andretti. Patrick twice suffered car damage at the season-opening Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, after collisions with Justin Wilson and J. R. Hildebrand relegated her to twelfth.[65] She struggled in qualifying for the Indianapolis 500. Because her car failed a technical inspection, she was placed at the back of the qualifying line,  and took 26th despite rain threatening to stop her setting a lap time.[66] Patrick led ten laps in the race and settled for tenth after conserving fuel.[67] She then took a further six top-ten finishes heading into the final race of the season with her best finish (fifth) coming at the Milwaukee 225.[68] At the season-closing IndyCar World Championship at Las Vegas Motor Speedway, Patrick was one of nineteen drivers who avoided a fifteen car pile-up that killed Dan Wheldon; the race was abandoned and she (and the rest of the field) was not scored.[69] This was her final regular season IndyCar race as she announced in August 2011 of her plans to focus on the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series and Nationwide Series full-time from 2012.[c][71] Patrick placed tenth in the drivers' standings with 314 points.[68]

text: 2018 (Indianapolis 500)[edit]

text: Patrick's final race was the 2018 Indianapolis 500. Having difficulty with the car setup,[72] she lost control going into turn two on Lap 68 and crashed into the outside wall. Patrick started in seventh position and was ranked thirtieth.[72][73][74]

text: Stock car career[edit]

text: 2010–2011 (ARCA & Nationwide Series)[edit]

text: Patrick began her stock car racing career by entering an ARCA Racing Series race in the No. 7 JR Motorsports Chevrolet at Daytona International Speedway. She finished in sixth place after spinning early in the race.[75][76] At the season-opening Nationwide Series race, the DRIVE4COPD 300, Patrick started 15th and finished 35th after being caught up in a 12-car crash.[77] In the season's third race, the Sam's Town 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway, she finished 36th after colliding with Michael McDowell on the 82nd lap.[78] Although Patrick struggled during her rookie season,[79] she had her best finish of the year at the season-ending Ford 300 at Homestead-Miami Speedway where she came 19th.[80] She finished 43rd in the drivers' standings, with 1,032 points in 13 starts.[81] In September, Patrick entered the K&N Pro Series East race at Dover International Speedway to broaden her stock car racing experience.[79] She finished sixth after briefly leading the race.[82]

text: Patrick remained at JR Motorsports for the 2011 Nationwide Series, and ran a part-time schedule that consisted of twelve races.[83] She finished 14th and 12th at the season's opening two races at Daytona and Phoenix International Speedway.[84] Patrick became the highest-finishing woman in national NASCAR history at Las Vegas when she surpassed Sara Christian's 62-year record to place fourth in the Sam's Town 300 race (the highest in her Nationwide Series career).[85] She took her third top-ten finish of the season when she came tenth in the Subway Jalapeño 250 at Daytona after leading a total of 13 laps before being involved in an multi-car incident coming to the checkered flag on the last lap of the race.[86] Patrick's best performance throughout the rest of the season was an eleventh-place finish at Texas Motor Speedway; she came 26th in points, with 321 accrued.[84]

text: 2012–2014 (switch to the Sprint Cup Series)[edit]

text: In 2012, Patrick raced full-time in the Nationwide Series for JR Motorsports and began competing a limited schedule with ten races in the Sprint Cup Series with Stewart-Haas Racing in an alliance with Tommy Baldwin Racing (TBR) in the No. 10 Chevrolet Impala.[d][88] Because TBR moved its top-35 owner points from the No. 36 driven by Dave Blaney to the new No. 10, she was guaranteed a spot at the Daytona 500.[89] Patrick began her season by qualifying on the pole for the DRIVE4COPD 300, making her the second woman to achieve this feat in national NASCAR after Shawna Robinson in 1994.[90] Her participation in the Daytona 500 was over after one lap when she was involved in a four-car accident, finishing 38th, 74 laps behind race winner Matt Kenseth.[91] Patrick closed off her first full-time Nationwide Series season with four top-ten finishes, and placed tenth in the final points standings.[92] Her season's best result was at Texas Motor Speedway where she came eighth. Patrick's best road course finish in her NASCAR career came at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, coming ninth and led a season-high twenty laps.[79]

text: Team owner Tony Stewart invited Patrick to compete in the fund-raising Prelude to the Dream dirt track race at Eldora Speedway in June. She finished three laps down in 15th place after hitting the wall and being off the pace.[93][94] In her fourth Cup start, the Irwin Tools Night Race at Bristol Motor Speedway, she was running strong before she crashed on lap 436 from contact with Regan Smith, which became her first did not finish (DNF) in the series.[95] Patrick had her first lead lap finish at the AAA Texas 500 at Texas Motor Speedway, finishing 24th, the last car on the same lap as the leaders.[96] During the Hollywood Casino 400 at Kansas Speedway, Patrick spun Landon Cassill in turn one, but ended up wrecking her car on the outside wall. Cassill, who managed to save his car, said on his radio: "Rule No. 1 in stock car racing is learn how to wreck someone without wrecking yourself."[97] Her final race of the season at Phoenix was embroiled in controversy as her car leaked oil and NASCAR elected not to wave the caution flags, causing an accident between Kurt Busch and Ryan Newman. This decision was criticized by drivers and team owners.[98] With no top-tens, two DNFs and an average finish of 28.3 in her ten starts; Patrick was not classified in the final standings since she did not contest the full championship, so was inelegible to score points.[99]

text: In the 2013 season, Patrick returned to Stewart-Haas Racing to contest her first full season in the Sprint Cup Series.[100] She was assigned teammate Ryan Newman's former crew chief Tony Gibson and his pit crew.[101] Patrick simultaneously became the first woman to clinch the pole position for the Daytona 500 and the first female to achieve the feat in the Sprint Cup Series.[102] She ran strongly in the top ten for most of the race, but fell back from third place in the final three laps to finish eighth, becoming the highest placing woman driver in the history of the Daytona 500.[103] Having led 5 laps, she joined an elite club of only 14 drivers to have led both the Daytona 500 and the Indianapolis 500. In the May exhibition Sprint Showdown at Charlotte Motor Speedway, Patrick finished ninth and advanced to the Sprint All-Star Race by virtue of a fan vote. She started from the 22nd position and finished two spots higher than that.[104]

text: Patrick struggled after the season opener, failing to finish in the top-fifteen in the next 28 races over the next seven months.[105] In 36 races, she had one top-ten, an average finish of 26.1, five DNFs and was 27th in the standings with 646 points.[106] She was second in the Rookie of the Year standings after a season-long battle with Ricky Stenhouse Jr.[107] In the Nationwide Series, Patrick drove the season-opening DRIVE4COPD 300 and the first of two races at Talladega Superspeedway, the Aaron's 312, in the No. 34 Turner Scott Motorsports car. She finished thirty-sixth and thirty-ninth after a respective engine failure and crash.[108]

text: Patrick remained with Stewart-Haas Racing for the 2014 Sprint Cup Series.[109] As she won the pole for the 2013 Daytona 500, she was eligible for the Sprint Unlimited,[110] finishing sixteenth after being involved in a multi-car accident.[111] Patrick started twenty-seventh for the Daytona 500 and led briefly during the pit stop cycle before Aric Almirola clipped her, sending her car into a wall that lacked a SAFER barrier; she finished 40th.[112] She set three records during the season: the first came at the Aaron's 499 where she was the first female to lead at the track, and her finishing position of 22nd was the best for any woman at the circuit.[113] Patrick had the best qualifying performance for any woman at a non-restrictor plate track when she put her car fourth on the grid for the Coca-Cola 600.[114]

text: She clinched her best finish in the Sprint Cup Series with a sixth at the Oral-B USA 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway, making her the second woman to take a top ten at the circuit; this beat the record of Janet Guthrie's tenth-place finish in 1978.[115] She was assigned teammate Kurt Busch's crew chief Daniel Knost and his pit crew for the season's final three races, and was later appointed her full-time crew chief for 2015.[116] At the season's end, Patrick finished 28th in points, one position down from the previous year, although she finished with 89 more points than her rookie season. She also had an average finish of 23.7, 2.4 positions better than her rookie year, with three top-tens and four DNFs.[117] Early in the season, Patrick again drove for Turner Scott Motorsports in its No. 34 car at the season-opening DRIVE4COPD 300, starting third and finishing 19th.[118]

text: 2015–2018 (final years in NASCAR)[edit]

text: For 2015, Patrick again stayed with Stewart-Haas Racing.[119] She began her season in the Sprint Unlimited by finishing tenth after escaping with collateral damage from a multi-car accident.[120] Patrick started at the back of the field for the season-opening Daytona 500 and finished 21st.[121] After scoring two top-tens (seventh at the STP 500 at Martinsville Speedway and ninth at the Food City 500 at Bristol Motor Speedway), she eclipsed Janet Guthrie for the most top tens by a woman in Sprint Cup Series history.[122] Patrick led two laps of the Quicken Loans 400 at Michigan International Speedway during the pit stop cycle, and finished 16th,[123] and at the Quaker State 400, she became the first woman to start a hundred Cup Series races.[124] At the Fall Martinsville race, she had twenty-five owner and drivers points deducted, was fined $50,000, and put on probation by NASCAR until the end of 2015 for an intentional retaliatory crash against David Gilliland.[125] In 36 races, Patrick scored 716 points, placing her 24th in the drivers' standings, the highest of her career. She had two top-ten finishes, an average finish of 23.5, and failed to finish four times.[126]

text: On August 18, Stewart-Haas Racing announced at a press conference that Patrick had signed a multi-year contract which allowed her to stay with the team for 2016.[127] She also switched crew chiefs from Daniel Knost to Billy Scott for the upcoming season.[128] At the first race of the season, the Daytona 500, she retired when she made contact with Greg Biffle on the 184th lap, spun into the grass and heavily damaged her car's front end.[129] Patrick was fined $20,000 for gesturing to Kasey Kahne after he wrecked her car at the Auto Club 400.[130] She was involved in a high-speed crash with Matt Kenseth at Talladega which necessitated a chest radiograph.[131] Patrick struggled with form during the season, but did improve her average result for the fifth consecutive year to a career-high 22.0 in thirty-six starts. Her best result of the season was eleventh place at the fall Charlotte race, and she led a career-high 30 laps.[128] Patrick was again 24th in the final drivers' standings, but had fewer points than the previous season, at 689 accrued, and did not finish three races she entered.[132]

text: Patrick remained with Stewart-Haas Racing for the duration of the renamed Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series in 2017.[127] She began her campaign with her best finish in any NASCAR Cup Series race with a fourth place at the Advance Auto Parts Clash exhibition race at Daytona.[133] Patrick was credited with a 33rd-place finish for the season-opening Daytona 500 after she was forced into retirement from being caught up in a multi-car accident.[134] She later took her first top-ten finish in seventy-seven races when she placed tenth at Dover on June 4.[135] On November 17, Patrick announced that she would step away from full-time racing after the season finale at Homestead-Miami, though she also announced plans to compete in the 2018 Daytona 500 and 2018 Indianapolis 500.[136] She retired halfway through when her right-rear tire blew after glancing the wall and she collided heavily with another barrier.[137] Patrick finished the 2017 season with one top-ten, eleven DNFs and an average finish of 23.8. She scored 511 points, putting her twenty-eighth in the drivers' standings.[138]

text: In January 2018, it was announced that Patrick would be reunited with longtime partner GoDaddy for sponsorship of the "Danica Double" and assistance as she moved on to her life as a business woman and entrepreneur.[139] For her final NASCAR race at the 2018 Daytona 500, Patrick signed with Premium Motorsports to drive its No. 7 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 after discussions with Chip Ganassi Racing did not yield in a race seat.[140] Her final Daytona 500 came to an early end when she was involved in a six-car accident on lap 102, placing 35th in the final results.[141][142] Patrick concluded her NASCAR career without scoring any wins, and finished in the top ten in 3.6% of her 191 races.[142]  On March 7, 2018, it was announced that her final Indianapolis 500 appearance would be in a third car for Ed Carpenter Racing.[143]

text: Formula One speculations[edit]

text: Patrick was scheduled to test for Formula One team Honda in November 2008,[144] but this was called off when the Honda team pulled out of the sport.[145] In late 2009, the American Formula One team US F1 allegedly considered testing Patrick for a potential drive in 2010.[146] However, she said she was not contacted by anyone from the team and had no plans to leave the IndyCar Series for Formula One at the time.[147] After the announcement of the return of Formula One to the United States in 2012, Formula One chief executive Bernie Ecclestone said that "to have someone like Danica Patrick in F1 would be a perfect advert."[148] However, in 2015, Patrick asserted that she had no desire to move into Formula One, because she was too old to switch racing series; she said that she felt more comfortable being around her family and friends in NASCAR.[149]

text: Media appearances[edit]

text: Patrick has hosted several TV shows on Spike, including "Powerblock", and featured in the 2005 documentary Girl Racers.[150] She drove a Pagani Zonda Roadster around the streets of Monaco in the music video of Jay-Z's song "Show Me What You Got" in 2006.[151] That year, she published her autobiography, Danica: Crossing the Line.[152] On April 24, 2008, Patrick was a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman after winning her first IndyCar race.[153] During testing at Phoenix International Raceway, GoDaddy.com filmed a commercial with her that aired nationally. At the same test, at GoDaddy's invitation, Patrick met with Paul Teutul Sr., and Mikey Teutul, and later appeared in an episode of American Chopper. She was also in a 2008 "inspirational, feel-good" GoDaddy commercial called "Kart" that features a girl who aspires to be like Patrick.[154] On February 1, 2009, Patrick appeared in two GoDaddy commercials aired during Super Bowl XLIII. The Most Watched Super Bowl commercial of 2009, according to TiVo, was her "Enhancement" ad for GoDaddy.com.[155] Patrick has appeared in a total of fourteen Super Bowl commercials, more than any other celebrity.[156]

text: Patrick made her acting debut in the February 10, 2010, episode of CSI: NY where she played a race car driver suspected of murder.[157] She also voiced herself in a cameo role in The Simpsons episode "How Munched Is That Birdie in the Window?".[158] Patrick appears as a playable guest character in the video game Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed, providing her own voice and appeared in the game's commercial.[159][160] She also appeared in Archie Comics' Sonic Universe #45, which adapted some of the game storyline.[161] Fox NASCAR hired Patrick on February 21, 2015,  as a booth analyst for Xfinity Series races. She provided commentary for the race at Michigan.[162] Patrick also voices the race car character Rally in Nickelodeon's Blaze and the Monster Machines 2016 animated series.[163] In June 2017, she joined Fox's Cup driver-only broadcast of the Xfinity Series race at Pocono Raceway, working in the studio alongside Denny Hamlin.[164] A documentary entitled Danica which chronicles Patrick's professional and personal life premiered on November 8 on Epix.[165] Her second book, Pretty Intense, was released on December 26.[166] Patrick had a cameo role in the 2018 Maroon 5 and Cardi B music video of their song "Girls Like You".[167] On 18 July, she became the first woman to host the ESPY Awards.[168]

text: Endorsements and philanthropy[edit]

text: IMG talent agency and Excel Sports Management represent Patrick.[10][169] She has appeared in advertising campaigns for Secret, Nationwide Insurance, Tissot, Chevrolet, Coca-Cola, Peak Antifreeze, William Rast, Hot Wheels, GoDaddy.com, Nature's Bakery, and Lyft.[170][171] Patrick promotes health-conscious lifestyles and partnered with Williams Sonoma to campaign for No Kid Hungry.[172] She is the celebrity spokeswoman for DRIVE4COPD, an awareness campaign for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, from which her grandmother died.[173] In 2014, she joined The Players' Tribune as a featured writer, having been immediately attracted to founder and former shortstop Derek Jeter's concept of allowing athletes to write and control their own content.[174]

text: Business ventures[edit]

text: Patrick owns her own brand of wine, called Somnium, which means "dream" in Latin.[175] The Somnium Vineyard is located in the area of St Helena, California within the Howell Mountain AVA, covering an area of 24 acres (9.7 hectares), at elevations from 1,000 to 1,375 feet (305 to 419 m).[176] Patrick owns her own athleisure collection, called "Warrior by Danica Patrick".[177]

text: Public image[edit]

text: Patrick is a globally recognizable racing driver,[178] often identified by her first name.[179] In a 2017 article for The Guardian, Andrew Lawrence described Patrick as "an anti-Mulan" who infiltrated and thrived in a male environment while accentuating her womanhood. He also said she is "an instrument of male and female fantasy, the sports pinup who grinds harder for feminism, day-to-day, than the great Billie Jean King ever could."[180] Henry Hutton of the Independent Tribune noted that when Patrick entered IndyCar in 2005, she rapidly became a pop culture icon largely due to her gender and modelling, but her driver profile depreciated from car problems, racetrack accidents and uncompetitiveness.[178] She is outspoken, and quick-tempered, but self-deprecating.[181]

text: She has been a magazine cover model for FHM and Sports Illustrated and ranked highly on beauty lists and in polls, about female athletes.[3] People magazine named her one of the most beautiful people in the world in 2006.[182] The following year, Patrick was voted the sexiest athlete in the Victoria's Secret "What is Sexy" list.[183] She was voted No. 42 in 2006 and No. 85 in 2007 in FHM's 100 sexiest women in the world.[184][185] In an interview with Fox News in 2012, Patrick objected to being labelled a sex symbol: "People don't know how to describe women in a pretty way. Do you call Blake Griffin a sex symbol because he was on the cover of Men’s Health with his shirt off? People just don't know what to call women who look attractive."[186] She expressed a different view five years later, saying she felt "awesome" about being a sex symbol: "The exposure that was generated because of being female and using my attributes — it works."[187]

text: Patrick has featured on sports power and popularity lists. Bloomberg Businessweek ranked her the 50th and 88th most powerful person in the world of sports  in 2008 and 2010, respectively.[188][189] Time magazine named her a candidate for the 100 most influential people in the world in 2009 and 2010.[190][191] She has been highly ranked in the Davie-Brown Index for several years,[3][192] and peaked at number eight among female athletes in 2010.[171] Patrick was the Harris Poll's favorite female athlete in 2008; she placed second behind tennis player Serena Williams in 2007 and again from 2013 to 2015.[193] Between 2007 and 2013, she appeared on Forbes' list of the 100 highest paid celebrities four times, ranking in the bottom quartile[194] and was 93rd on the magazine's The World's 100 Most Powerful Women list in 2010.[195] Her endorsement deals generated a Q Score—the industry's measure of celebrities' likability—peak of 29 in 2010.[196]

text: Impact and criticism[edit]

text: Patrick's strong fan base voted her the IndyCar Series Most Popular Driver from 2005 to 2010 and the NASCAR Nationwide Series Most Popular Driver in 2012.[22] She was voted the Favorite Female Athlete at the Kids' Choice Award in 2008, 2012 and 2013.[197] She also won the legend award at the 2018 Kids' Choice Sports Awards. Increasing attendance at auto racing events and improved television ratings have been attributed to Patrick by scholars and the press.[171] She has inspired many young girl's interest in motorsports, leading them to race competitively. Some have credited her with preventing the dissolution of the IndyCar Series, and strengthening support for NASCAR.[171] Patrick has been called a trailblazer or pioneer for women in auto racing,[198] and commentators agree her achievements have broken the gender barrier in an industry that is predominately male.[199]

text: Patrick has come under scrutiny from the media and fans throughout her career.[e][178] She has been called a "gimmick" or a "publicity stunt" by some fans for lack of better racing results.[200] Critics have compared her to former tennis player Anna Kournikova for her lack of on-track success and promotion of her looks, though the similarities have been questioned by others.[201] Prior to her 2008 Indy Japan 300 triumph, Patrick was criticized by commentators and fans who claimed her ~100 lb (45 kg) body weight constituted an unfair advantage.[202][203] Indy Racing League president Brian Barnhart responded that her weight "had a virtually minimal effect on the competition."[202] In June 2013, former NASCAR driver Kyle Petty called Patrick a "marketing machine" and asserted that she was not a race car driver.[204] In February 2014, during an appearance at the eighth annual Canadian Motorsports Expo, Kyle's father, Richard Petty, criticized her for not winning more races.[205]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In 2005, Patrick married physical therapist Paul Edward Hospenthal, whom she met at his office in 2002 when she was recovering from a hip injury she sustained during a yoga session.[206][207] They divorced in 2013.[208] From November 2012 to December 2017, Patrick was in a relationship with fellow driver Ricky Stenhouse Jr..[209] Patrick has been in a relationship with NFL quarterback Aaron Rodgers since February 2018.[210]

text: Motorsports career results[edit]

text: Career summary[edit]

text:
Season

Series

Team

Car No.

Races

Wins

Poles

FLaps

Points

Position

1998

Formula Vauxhall Winter Series

1999

British Formula Vauxhall Championship

31

9th

2000

British Formula Ford Championship

 Andy Welch Racing

14

0

0

0

3

19th

Formula Ford Festival

 Haywood Racing

89

1

0

0

0

N/A

2nd

European Formula Ford Championship

 Haywood Racing

2001

British Formula Ford Championship

 Haywood Racing

0

0

0

10

25th

2002

Barber Dodge Pro Series

 Team Rahal

89

5

0

0

0

35

13th

2003

American Le Mans Series GTS class

 Veloqx Prodrive Racing

80

1

0

0

0

10

23rd

Toyota Atlantic Championship

 Team Rahal

24

12

0

0

0

109

6th

2004

Toyota Atlantic Championship

 Team Rahal

24

12

0

1

1

269

3rd

2005

IndyCar Series

 Rahal Letterman

16

17

0

3

1

325

12th

2006

IndyCar Series

 Rahal Letterman

16

13

0

0

0

302

9th

Rolex Sports Car Series (24 Hours of Daytona) DP class

 Howard-Boss Motorsports

2

1

0

0

0

7

106th

2007

IndyCar Series

 Andretti Green Racing

7

17

0

0

1

424

7th

2008

IndyCar Series

 Andretti Green Racing

7

18

1

0

0

379

6th

2009

IndyCar Series

 Andretti Green Racing

7

17

0

0

0

393

5th

Rolex Sports Car Series (24 Hours of Daytona) DP class

 Childress-Howard Motorsports

2

1

0

0

0

23

43rd

2010

IndyCar Series

 Andretti Autosport

7

17

0

0

0

367

10th

NASCAR Nationwide Series

 JR Motorsports

7

13

0

0

0

1032

43rd

NASCAR K&N Pro Series East

 JR Motorsports

83

1

0

0

0

155

45th

ARCA Racing Series

 Bob Schacht Motorsport

7

1

0

0

0

200

85th

2011

IndyCar Series

 Andretti Autosport

7

17*

0

0

0

314

10th

NASCAR Nationwide Series

 JR Motorsports

7

12

0

0

0

321

26th

2012

NASCAR Nationwide Series

 JR Motorsports

7

33

0

1

0

838

10th

NASCAR Sprint Cup Series

 Stewart-Haas Racing

10

10

0

0

0

0

62nd

2013

NASCAR Sprint Cup Series

 Stewart-Haas Racing

10

36

0

1

0

646

27th

NASCAR Nationwide Series

 Turner Scott Motorsports

34

2

0

0

0

0

128th

2014

NASCAR Sprint Cup Series

 Stewart-Haas Racing

10

36

0

0

0

735

28th

NASCAR Nationwide Series

 Turner Scott Motorsports

30

1

0

0

0

0

108th

2015

NASCAR Sprint Cup Series

 Stewart-Haas Racing

10

36

0

0

0

716

24th

2016

NASCAR Sprint Cup Series

 Stewart-Haas Racing

10

36

0

0

0

689

24th

2017

Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series

 Stewart-Haas Racing

10

36

0

0

0

511

28th

2018

IndyCar Series

 Ed Carpenter Racing

13

1

0

0

0

13

33rd**

Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series

 Premium Motorsports

7

1

0

0

0

2

43rd**

Source:[211]

text: American open-wheel racing[edit]

text: (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

text: Barber Dodge Pro Series[edit]

text:
Barber Pro Series results

Year

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Rank

Points

Ref

2002

SEB

LIM

LAG

POR

TOR7

CLE7

VAN4

MDO11

ROA

MTL22

13th

35

[212]

text: Toyota Atlantic Championship[edit]

text:
Toyota Atlantic results

Year

Team

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Rank

Points

Ref

2003

Team Rahal

MTY3

LBH14

MIL6

LS13

POR6

CLE5

TOR10

TRR5

MDO10

MTL7

DEN5

MIA2

6th

109

[213]

2004

LBH5

MTY3

MIL4

POR12

POR27

CLE3

TOR4

VAN4

ROA4

DEN5

MTL4

LS8

3rd

269

[213]

text:
Years

Teams

Races

Poles

Wins

Podiums(Non-win)**

Top 10s(Non-podium)***

Championships

Ref

2

1

24

1

0

5

17

0

[213]

text: IndyCar Series[edit]

text:
IndyCar Series results

Year

Team

Chassis

Engine

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Rank

Points

Ref

2005

Rahal Letterman Racing

Panoz

Honda

HMS15

PHX15

STP12

MOT4

INDY4

TXS13

RIR10

KAN9

NSH7

MIL19

MIS20

KTY16

PPIR8

SNM20

CHI6

WGL16

FON18

12th

325

[31]

2006

HMS1DNS

STP6

MOT8

INDY8

WGL8

SNM8

9th

302

[35]

Dallara

TXS12

RIR15

KAN11

NSH4

MIL4

MIS17

KTY8

CHI12

2007

Andretti Green Racing

HMS14

STP8

MOT11

KAN7

INDY8

MIL8

TXS3

IOW13

RIR6

WGL11

NSH3

MDO5

MIS7

KTY16

SNM6

DET2

CHI11

7th

424

[39]

2008

HMS6

STP10

MOT21

LBH2

KAN19

INDY22

MIL9

TXS10

IOW6

RIR6

WGL14

NSH5

MDO12

EDM18

KTY11

SNM5

DET16

CHI10

SRF318

6th

379

[45]

2009

STP19

LBH4

KAN5

INDY3

MIL5

TXS6

IOW9

RIR5

WGL11

TOR6

EDM11

KTY8

MDO19

SNM16

CHI12

MOT6

HMS19

5th

393

[55]

2010

Andretti Autosport

SAO15

STP7

ALA19

LBH16

KAN11

INDY6

TXS2

IOW10

WGL20

TOR6

EDM15

MDO21

SNM16

CHI14

KTY9

MOT5

HMS2

10th

367

[214]

2011

STP12

ALA17

LBH7

SAO23

INDY10

TXS16

TXS8

MIL5

IOW10

TOR19

EDM9

MDO21

NHM6

SNM21

BAL6

MOT11

KTY10

LVS4C

10th

314

[68]

2018

Ed Carpenter Racing

Dallara DW12

Chevrolet

STP

PHX

LBH

ALA

IMS

INDY30

DET

DET

TXS

ROA

IOW

TOR

MDO

POC

GTW

POR

SNM

35th*

13*

[215]

text: * Season still in progress.

text:
Years

Teams

Races

Poles

Wins

Podiums(Non-win)**

Top 10s(Non-podium)***

Indianapolis 500Wins

Championships

7

2

114

3

1

6

63

0

0

text: Indianapolis 500[edit]

text:
Year

Chassis

Engine

Start

Finish

Team

2005

Panoz

Honda

4

4

Rahal Letterman

2006

Panoz

Honda

10

8

Rahal Letterman

2007

Dallara

Honda

8

8

Andretti Green Racing

2008

Dallara

Honda

5

22

Andretti Green Racing

2009

Dallara

Honda

10

3

Andretti Green Racing

2010

Dallara

Honda

23

6

Andretti Autosport

2011

Dallara

Honda

25

10

Andretti Autosport

2018

Dallara

Chevrolet

7

30

Ed Carpenter Racing

text: Sports car racing[edit]

text: American Le Mans Series[edit]

text:
American Le Mans Series results

Year

Entrant

Class

Chassis

Engine

Tyres

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Rank

Points

Ref

2003

Veloqx Prodrive Racing

GTS

Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello

Ferrari 5.9L V12

M

SEB

ATLovr:10cls:4

SON

TRO

MOS

AME

MON

MIA

PET

23rd

10

[216]

text: Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series[edit]

text: (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, Results are overall/class)

text:
Rolex Sports Car Series results

Year

Team

Make

Engine

Class

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Rank

Points

Ref

2006

Howard-Boss Motorsports

Crawford DP03

Pontiac

DP

DAY 50/24

MEX

HOM

LBH

VIR

LAG

PHX

LRP

WAT1

DAY2

BAR

WAT2

INF

MIL

106th

7

[216]

2009

Childress-Howard Motorsports

Crawford DP08

Pontiac

DP

DAY 8/8

VIR

NJ

LAG

WAT

MDO

DAY2

BAR

WAT2

CGV

MIL

HOM

43rd

23

[216]

text: 24 Hours of Daytona[edit]

text:
24 Hours of Daytona results

Year

Class

No.

Team

Car

Co-drivers

Laps

Position

Class Pos.

2006

DP

2

 Howard-Boss Motorsports

Pontiac Crawford DP03

 Jan Lammers Allan McNish Rusty Wallace

273

50 DNF

24 DNF

2009

DP

2

 Childress-Howard Motorsports

Pontiac Crawford DP08

 Andy Wallace Rob Finlay Casey Mears

702

8

8

Source:[216]

text: NASCAR[edit]

text: (key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

text: Monster Energy Cup Series[edit]

text:
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series results

Year

Team

No.

Make

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

MENCC

Pts

Ref

2012

Stewart-Haas Racing

10

Chevy

DAY38

PHO

LVS

BRI

CAL

MAR

TEX

KAN

RCH

TAL

DAR31

CLT30

DOV

POC

MCH

SON

KEN

DAY

NHA

IND

POC

GLN

MCH

BRI29

ATL29

RCH

CHI25

NHA

DOV28

TAL

CLT

KAN32

MAR

TEX24

PHO17

HOM

62nd

01

[99]

2013

DAY8

PHO39

LVS33

BRI28

CAL26

MAR12

TEX28

KAN25

RCH29

TAL33

DAR28

CLT29

DOV24

POC29

MCH13

SON29

KEN23

DAY13

NHA37

IND30

POC35

GLN20

MCH23

BRI26

ATL21

RCH30

CHI20

NHA27

DOV29

KAN43

CLT20

TAL33

MAR17

TEX25

PHO33

HOM20

27th

646

[106]

2014

DAY40

PHO36

LVS21

BRI18

CAL14

MAR32

TEX27

DAR22

RCH34

TAL22

KAN7

CLT39

DOV23

POC37

MCH17

SON18

KEN21

DAY8

NHA22

IND42

POC30

GLN21

MCH18

BRI27

ATL6

RCH16

CHI19

NHA19

DOV25

KAN16

CLT26

TAL19

MAR34

TEX36

PHO22

HOM18

28th

735

[117]

2015

DAY21

ATL16

LVS27

PHO26

CAL19

MAR7

TEX16

BRI9

RCH25

TAL21

KAN27

CLT22

DOV15

POC37

MCH16

SON24

DAY35

KEN34

NHA24

IND27

POC16

GLN17

MCH25

BRI27

DAR42

RCH19

CHI26

NHA40

DOV21

CLT19

KAN22

TAL27

MAR40

TEX16

PHO16

HOM24

24th

716

[126]

2016

DAY35

ATL20

LVS21

PHO19

CAL38

MAR16

TEX21

BRI27

RCH24

TAL24

KAN20

DOV13

CLT21

POC32

MCH21

SON19

DAY27

KEN17

NHA14

IND22

POC22

GLN21

BRI22

MCH23

DAR24

RCH15

CHI24

NHA18

DOV28

CLT11

KAN18

TAL20

MAR24

TEX24

PHO29

HOM19

24th

689

[132]

2017

Ford

DAY33

ATL17

LVS36

PHO22

CAL26

MAR23

TEX24

BRI36

RCH18

TAL38

KAN36

CLT25

DOV10

POC16

MCH37

SON17

DAY25

KEN15

NHA13

IND11

POC15

GLN22

MCH22

BRI25

DAR26

RCH23

CHI18

NHA18

DOV18

CLT38

TAL21

KAN38

MAR17

TEX17

PHO25

HOM37

28th

511

[138]

2018

Premium Motorsports

7

Chevy

DAY35

ATL

LVS

PHO

CAL

MAR

TEX

BRI

RCH

TAL

DOV

KAN

CLT

POC

MCH

SON

CHI

DAY

KEN

NHA

POC

GLN

MCH

BRI

DAR

IND

LVS

RCH

DOV

CLT

TAL

KAN

MAR

TEX

PHO

HOM

2

[217]

text: Daytona 500[edit]

text:
Year

Team

Manufacturer

Start

Finish

2012

Stewart-Haas Racing

Chevrolet

29

38

2013

1

8

2014

27

40

2015

20

21

2016

16

35

2017

Ford

12

33

2018

Premium Motorsports

Chevrolet

28

35

text: Nationwide Series[edit]

text:
NASCAR Nationwide Series results

Year

Team

No.

Make

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

NNSC

Pts

Ref

2010

JR Motorsports

7

Chevy

DAY35

CAL31

LVS36

BRI

NSH

PHO

TEX

TAL

RCH

DAR

DOV

CLT

NSH

KEN

ROA

NHA30

DAY

CHI24

GTY

IRP

IOW

GLN

MCH27

BRI

CGV

ATL

RCH

DOV35

KAN

CAL30

CLT21

GTY22

TEX22

PHO32

HOM19

43rd

1032

[81]

2011

DAY14

PHO17

LVS4

BRI33

CAL

TEX

TAL

NSH

RCH

DAR

DOV

IOW

CLT

CHI10

MCH

ROA

DAY10

KEN

NHA

NSH

IRP

IOW

GLN

CGV24

BRI

ATL

RCH18

CHI

DOV

KAN15

CLT

TEX11

PHO21

HOM32

26th

321

[84]

2012

DAY38

PHO21

LVS12

BRI19

CAL35

TEX8

RCH21

TAL13

DAR12

IOW30

CLT13

DOV30

MCH18

ROA12

KEN12

DAY31

NHA14

CHI14

IND35

IOW11

GLN43

CGV27

BRI9

ATL13

RCH29

CHI12

KEN14

DOV16

CLT11

KAN10

TEX14

PHO10

HOM13

10th

838

[92]

2013

Turner Scott Motorsports

34

Chevy

DAY36

PHO

LVS

BRI

CAL

TEX

RCH

TAL39

DAR

CLT

DOV

IOW

MCH

ROA

KEN

DAY

NHA

CHI

IND

IOW

GLN

MOH

BRI

ATL

RCH

CHI

KEN

DOV

KAN

CLT

TEX

PHO

HOM

128th

01

[108]

2014

30

DAY19

PHO

LVS

BRI

CAL

TEX

DAR

RCH

TAL

IOW

CLT

DOV

MCH

ROA

KEN

DAY

NHA

CHI

IND

IOW

GLN

MOH

BRI

ATL

RCH

CHI

KEN

DOV

KAN

CLT

TEX

PHO

HOM

108th

01

[218]

text: K&N Pro Series East[edit]

text:
NASCAR K&N Pro Series East results

Year

Team

No.

Make

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

NKNPSEC

Pts

Ref

2010

JR Motorsports

83

Chevy

GRE

SBO

IOW

MAR

NHA

LRP

LEE

GRE

NHA

DOV6

45th

155

[219]

text:
* Season still in progress
1 Ineligible for series points

text: ARCA Racing Series[edit]

text:
ARCA Racing Series results

Year

Team

No.

Make

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

ARSC

Pts

Ref

2010

JR Motorsports

7

Chevy

DAY6

PBE

SLM

TEX

TAL

TOL

POC

MCH

IOW

MFD

POC

BLN

NJE

ISF

CHI

DSF

TOL

SLM

KAN

CAR

85th

200

[220]