question_text: who does kelly clarkson sing baby it's cold outside with

question_tokens: who does kelly clarkson sing baby it 's cold outside with

text: Songs[edit]

text:
Contents

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text:
Key

Indicates single release

Indicates promotional single release

Indicates live recording release

text:
List of songs recorded by Kelly Clarkson

Song
Artist(s)
Writer(s)
Original release
Year
Ref.

4 Carats !"4 Carats"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Greg Kurstin
Cathy Dennis
Olivia Waithe
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Addicted !"Addicted"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
David Hodges
Ben Moody
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

All I Ask of You !"All I Ask of You"
Groban, Josh !Josh Groban with Kelly Clarkson
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Charles Hart
Richard Stilgoe
Stages !Stages
2015
[23]

All I Ever Wanted !"All I Ever Wanted"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Dameon Aranda
Louis Biancaniello
Sam Watters
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Alone !"Alone"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Josh Abraham
Oliver Goldstein
Bonnie McKee
Ryan Williams
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Already Gone !"Already Gone"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Ryan Tedder
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Anytime !"Anytime"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Sam Watters
Louis Biancaniello
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

Baby, It's Cold Outside !"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson featuring Ronnie Dunn
Frank Loesser
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Bad Reputation !"Bad Reputation"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Greg Kurstin
Bonnie McKee
Kelly Sheehan
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Be Still !"Be Still"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Aben Eubanks
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Beautiful Disaster !"Beautiful Disaster"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Rebekah Jordan
Matthew Wilder
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

Because of You !"Because of You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
David Hodges
Ben Moody
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

Because of You !"Because of You"
McEntire, Reba !Reba McEntire with Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
David Hodges
Ben Moody
Reba: Duets !Reba: Duets
2007
[29]

Before Your Love !"Before Your Love"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Desmond Child
Cathy Dennis
N/A1
2002
[30]

Behind These Hazel Eyes !"Behind These Hazel Eyes"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Lukasz Gottwald
Martin Sandberg
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

Blue Christmas !"Blue Christmas"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Billy Hayes
Jay Johnson
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Breakaway !"Breakaway"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Avril Lavigne
Matthew Gerrard
Bridget Benenate
Princess Diaries 2, The !The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (Original Soundtrack)
2004
[31]

Breaking Your Own Heart !"Breaking Your Own Heart"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Jennifer Hanson
Michael Logen
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Can I Have a Kiss !"Can I Have a Kiss"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
Dwight Baker
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Can We Go Back !"Can We Go Back"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Andy Dodd
Adam Watts
Shanna Crooks
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Catch My Breath !"Catch My Breath"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jason Halbert
Eric Olson
Greatest Hits – Chapter One !Greatest Hits – Chapter One
2012
[32]

Chivas !"Chivas"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Creep !"Creep"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Radiohead
Albert Hammond
Mike Hazlewood
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Christmas Eve !"Christmas Eve"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jason Halbert
N/A2
2017
[34]

Cry !"Cry"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jason Halbert
Mark Lee Townsend
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Dance with Me !"Dance with Me"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Dan Rockett
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Dark Side !"Dark Side"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
busbee
Alex G.
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Day We Fell Apart, The !"The Day We Fell Apart"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Louis Biancaniello
Sam Watters
Andre Harris
Vidal Davis
Harry Zelnick
Alexander Chiger
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Dirty Little Secret !"Dirty Little Secret"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Don't Be a Girl About It !"Don't Be a Girl About It"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Brent Kutzle
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Don't Let Me Stop You !"Don't Let Me Stop You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Quiz & Larossi
Claude Kelly
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Don't Rush !"Don't Rush"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson featuring Vince Gill
Blu Sanders
Natalie Hemby
Lindsay Chapman
Greatest Hits – Chapter One !Greatest Hits – Chapter One
2012
[32]

Don't Waste Your Time !"Don't Waste Your Time"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
Malcolm Pardon
Fredrik Rinman
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Don't You Wanna Stay !"Don't You Wanna Stay"
Aldean, Jason !Jason Aldean with Kelly Clarkson
Jason Sellers
Paul Jenkins
Andy Gibson
My Kinda Party !My Kinda Party
2010
[35]

Einstein !"Einstein"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Toby Gad
Bridget Kelly
James Fauntleroy II
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Every Christmas !"Every Christmas"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Aben Eubanks
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Fading !"Fading"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Malcolm Pardon
Fredrik Rinman
David Kahne
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Fix You !"Fix You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Chris Martin
Jonny Buckland
Guy Berryman
Will Champion
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Foolish Games !"Foolish Games"
Jewel !Jewel featuring Kelly Clarkson
Jewel Kilcher
Greatest Hits !Greatest Hits
2013
[36]

Get Up !"Get Up (A Cowboys Anthem)"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Josh Abraham
Oliver Goldstein
Ryan Williams
N/A2
2012
[37]

Go !"Go"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Rhett Lawrence
Suzie Benson
N/A2
2006
[38]

Good Goes the Bye !"Good Goes the Bye"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Natalie Hemby
Shane McAnally
Jimmy Robbins
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Gone !"Gone"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kara DioGuardi
John Shanks
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

Haunted !"Haunted"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
Jason Halbert
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas !"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Ralph Blane
Hugh Martin
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Hear Me !"Hear Me"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Kara DioGuardi
Cliff Magness
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

Heartbeat Song !"Heartbeat Song"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kara DioGuardi
Audra Mae
Jason Evigan
Mitch Allan
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Hello !"Hello"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Josh Abraham
Oliver Goldstein
Bonnie McKee
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Honestly !"Honestly"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Tom Shapiro
Robert Marvin
Catt Gravitt
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Hole !"Hole"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
Dwight Baker
My December !My December
2007
[28]

How I Feel !"How I Feel"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
Dwight Baker
My December !My December
2007
[28]

I Can't Make You Love Me !"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Smoakstack Sessions, The !The Smoakstack Sessions
2011
[39]

I Do Not Hook Up !"I Do Not Hook Up"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Katy Perry
Kara DioGuardi
Greg Wells
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

I Forgive You !"I Forgive You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Rodney Jerkins
Andre Lindal
Lauren Christy
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

I Had a Dream !"I Had a Dream"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Greg Kurstin
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

I Hate Myself for Losing You !"I Hate Myself for Losing You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Harry
Shep Solomon
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

I Never Loved a Man !"I Never Loved a Man"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Ronnie Shannon
Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2, The !The Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2
2012
[40]

I Want You !"I Want You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Joakim Åhlund
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

I'd Rather Go Blind !"I'd Rather Go Blind"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Etta James
Ellington Jordan
Billy Foster
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

I'll Be Home for Christmas !"I'll Be Home for Christmas"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kim Gannon
Walter Kent
Buck Ram
iTunes Session !iTunes Session
2011
[41]

If I Can't Have You !"If I Can't Have You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Ryan Tedder
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

If No One Will Listen !"If No One Will Listen"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Keri Noble
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Impossible !"Impossible"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Ryan Tedder
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

In the Basement !"In the Basement"
McBride, Martina !Martina McBride featuring Kelly Clarkson
Billy Davis
Carl Williams Smith
Raynard Miner
Everlasting !Everlasting
2014
[42]

In the Blue !"In the Blue"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jesse Shatkin
Anjulie Persaud
Fransisca Hall
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Invincible !"Invincible"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Sia Furler
Jesse Shatkin
Warren "Oak" Felder
Stephen Mostyn
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

It's Quiet Uptown !"It's Quiet Uptown"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Lin-Manuel Miranda
Hamilton Mixtape, The !The Hamilton Mixtape
2016
[43]

Irvine !"Irvine"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Aben Eubanks
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Judas !"Judas"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
Dwight Baker
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Just for Now !"Just for Now"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Imogen Heap4
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Just Missed the Train !"Just Missed the Train"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Danielle Brisebois
Scott Cutler
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

Let Me Down !"Let Me Down"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Chris DeStefano
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Let Your Tears Fall !"Let Your Tears Fall"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Sia Furler
Greg Kurstin
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Lies !"Lies"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
The Black Keys
Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2, The !The Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2
2012
[40]

Little Green Apples !"Little Green Apples"
Williams, Robbie !Robbie Williams featuring Kelly Clarkson
Bobby Russell
Swings Both Ways !Swings Both Ways
2013
[44]

Long Shot !"Long Shot"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Katy Perry
Glen Ballard
Matt Thiessen
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Love Goes On !"Love Goes On"
Clarkson, Kelly and Blacc, Aloe !Kelly Clarkson and Aloe Blacc
Egbert Nathaniel Dawkins III
Tom Barnes
Ben Kohn
Peter Kelleher
James Allen
Shack, The !The Shack (Music from and Inspired By the Original Motion Picture)
2017
[45]

Love Me Like a Man !"Love Me Like a Man"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Bonnie Raitt
Chris Smither
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Love So Soft !"Love So Soft"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Maureen "Mozella" McDonald
Priscilla Renea
Jesse Shatkin
Meaning of Life !Meaning of Life
2017
[46]

Low !"Low"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Harry
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

Maybe !"Maybe"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
Aben Eubanks
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Miss Independent !"Miss Independent"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Christina Aguilera
Rhett Lawrence
Matt Morris
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

Moment Like This, A !"A Moment Like This"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Jörgen Elofsson
John Reid
N/A1
2002
[30]

Move You !"Move You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Molly Kate Kestner
Amy Kuney
Nick Ruth
Meaning of Life !Meaning of Life
2017
[47]

Mr. Know It All !"Mr. Know It All"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Brian Seals
Ester Dean
Brett James
Dante Jones
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

My Favorite Things !"My Favorite Things"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Richard Rodger
Oscar Hammerstein II
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

My Grown Up Christmas List !"My Grown Up Christmas List"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
David Foster
Linda Thompson-Jenner
Amy Grant
American Idol: Great Holiday Classics !American Idol: Great Holiday Classics
2003
[48]

My Life Would Suck Without You !"My Life Would Suck Without You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Luke Gottwald
Claude Kelly
Max Martin
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Natural Woman, A !"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Gerry Goffin
Carole King
Jerry Wexler
American Idol: Greatest Moments !American Idol: Greatest Moments
2002
[49]

Never Again !"Never Again"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Nostalgic !"Nostalgic"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Justin Tranter
Dan Keyes
Ryland Blackinton
Vaughn Oliver
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Not Today !"Not Today"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
David Kahne
My December !My December
2007
[28]

O Come, O Come, Emmanuel !"Oh Come, Oh Come Emmanuel"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Traditional
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Oh Darling !"Oh Darling"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
John Lennon
Paul McCartney
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Oh Holy Night !"Oh Holy Night"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Adolphe Adam
Placide Cappeau
American Idol: Great Holiday Classics !American Idol: Great Holiday Classics
2003
[48]

One Minute !"One Minute"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Kara DioGuardi
Chantal Kreviazuk
Raine Maida
My December !My December
2007
[28]

People Like Us !"People Like Us"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Blair Daly
James Michael
Meghan Kabir
Greatest Hits – Chapter One !Greatest Hits – Chapter One
2012
[32]

Piece by Piece !"Piece by Piece"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Greg Kurstin
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Please Come Home for Christmas !"Please Come Home for Christmas (Bells Will Be Ringing)"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Charles Brown
Gene Redd
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Pray for Peace !"Pray for Peace"
Reba McEntire !Reba McEntire3
Reba McEntire
Love Somebody !Love Somebody
2015
[50]

PrizeFighter !"PrizeFighter"
Yearwood, Trisha !Trisha Yearwood featuring Kelly Clarkson
Jessi Alexander
Sarah Buxton
Ross Copperman
PrizeFighter: Hit After Hit !PrizeFighter: Hit After Hit
2014
[51]

Ready !"Ready"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Aben Eubanks
Jason Halbert
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Ready for Love !"Ready for Love"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
India Arie Simpson
William Mueller
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Respect !"Respect"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Otis Redding
American Idol: Greatest Moments !American Idol: Greatest Moments
2002
[49]

River Rose's Magical Lullaby !"River Rose's Magical Lullaby"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
N/A2
2016
[52]

Run Run Rudolph !"Run Run Rudolph"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Johnny Marks
Marvin Brodie
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Run Run Run !"Run Run Run"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson featuring John Legend
Joacim Persson
Ry Cuming
David Jost
Tim James
Antonina Armato
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Save You !"Save You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Aimée Proal
Ryan Tedder
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Second Hand Heart !"Second Hand Heart"
Haenow, Ben !Ben Haenow featuring Kelly Clarkson
Joe Kirkland
Ian Franzino
Jason Dean
Andrew Haas
Neil Ormandy
Ben Haenow !Ben Haenow
2015
[53]

Second Wind !"Second Wind"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Shane McAnally
Chris DeStefano
Maren Morris
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Shake It Out !"Shake It Out"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Florence Welch
Paul Epworth
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Silent Night !"Silent Night"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson featuring Reba and Trisha Yearwood
Traditional
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Since U Been Gone !"Since U Been Gone"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Lukasz Gottwald
Martin Sandberg
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

Sober !"Sober"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Aben Eubanks
Calamity McEntire
Jimmy Messer
My December !My December
2007
[28]

Softly and Tenderly !"Softly and Tenderly"
McEntire, Reba !Reba McEntire featuring Kelly Clarkson and Trisha Yearwood
Traditional
Sing It Now !Sing It Now: Songs of Faith & Hope
2016
[54]

Some Kind of Miracle !"Some Kind of Miracle"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Diane Warren
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

Someone !"Someone"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Matthew Koma
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Standing in Front of You !"Standing in Front of You"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Aben Eubanks
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Sun Will Rise, The !"The Sun Will Rise"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson featuring Kara DioGuardi
Kyle Jacobs
Danelle Leverett
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Take You High !"Take You High"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Jesse Shatkin
Maureen "MoZella" McDonald
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Thankful !"Thankful"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Kenneth Edmonds
Harvey Mason, Jr.
Damon Thomas
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

That I Would Be Good !"That I Would Be Good/Use Somebody"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Alanis Morissette
Glen Ballard
("That I Would Be Good")
Kings of Leon
("Use Somebody")
Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2, The !The Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2
2012
[40]

There's a New Kid in Town !"There's a New Kid in Town"
Shelton, Blake !Blake Shelton featuring Kelly Clarkson
Don Cook
Curly Putman
Keith Whitley
Cheers, It's Christmas !Cheers, It's Christmas
2012
[55]

This is for My Girls !"This is for My Girls"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson, Chloe x Halle, Missy Elliott, Jadagrace, Lea Michele, Janelle Monáe, Kelly Rowland, Zendaya
Dianne Warren
N/A2
2016
[56]

Tie It Up !"Tie It Up"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Ashley Arrison
Shane McAnally
Josh Osborne
N/A2
2013
[57]

Tightrope !"Tightrope"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Greg Kurstin
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

Timeless !"Timeless"
Guarini, Justin !Justin Guarini with Kelly Clarkson
Bagge & Peer
Henrik Norberg
Karen Poole
Oscar Merner
Justin Guarini !Justin Guarini
2003
[58]

Tip of My Tongue !"Tip of My Tongue"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Ryan Tedder
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Top of the World !"Top of the World"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Patty Griffin
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Trouble With Love Is, The !"The Trouble With Love Is"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Carl Sturken
Evan Rogers
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

Trying to Help You Out !"Trying to Help You Out"
Arrison, Ashley !Ashley Arrison3
Kelly Clarkson
Ashley Arrison
Hearts on Parade !Hearts on Parade
2010
[59]

Underneath the Tree ! "Underneath the Tree"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Greg Kurstin
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Up to the Mountain !"Up to the Mountain"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson featuring Jeff Beck
Patty Griffin
N/A2
2007
[60]

Walk Away !"Walk Away"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Kara DioGuardi
Chantal Kreviazuk
Raine Maida
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

Walk Away Joe !"Walk Away Joe"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Vince Melamed
Greg Barnhill
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Walking After Midnight !"Walking After Midnight"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Alan Block
Donn Hecht
Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2, The !The Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2
2012
[40]

War Is Over, The !"The War Is Over"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Toby Gad
Olivia Waithe
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

War Paint !"War Paint"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Nolan Lambroza
Joleen Belle
Julia Michaels
Piece by Piece !Piece by Piece
2015
[27]

What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger) !"What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Jörgen Elofsson
Ali Tamposi
David Gamson
Greg Kurstin
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

What's Up Lonely !"What's Up Lonely"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers
Stephanie Saraco
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

White Christmas !"White Christmas"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Irving Berlin
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Where Is Your Heart !"Where Is Your Heart"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Kara DioGuardi
Chantal Kreviazuk
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

Why Don't You Try !"Why Don't You Try"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Eric Hutchinson
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

Whyyawannabringmedown !"Whyyawannabringmedown"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Dameon Aranda
Louis Biancaniello
Sam Watters
All I Ever Wanted !All I Ever Wanted
2009
[24]

Wide Open Spaces !"Wide Open Spaces"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Susan Gibson
Kelly Clarkson Live !Kelly Clarkson Live
2016
[33]

Winter Dreams !"Winter Dreams (Brandon's Song)"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Ashley Arrison
Aben Eubanks
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Wrapped in Red !"Wrapped in Red"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Ashley Arrison
Aben Eubanks
Shane McAnally
Wrapped in Red !Wrapped in Red
2013
[21]

Yeah !"Yeah"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Jimmy Messer
Malcolm Pardon
Fredrik Rinman
My December !My December
2007
[28]

You Can't Win !"You Can't Win"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Josh Abraham
Oliver Goldstein
Felix Bloxsom
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

You Found Me !"You Found Me"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kara DioGuardi
John Shanks
Breakaway !Breakaway
2004
[22]

You Love Me !"You Love Me"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Josh Abraham
Oliver Goldstein
Stronger !Stronger
2011
[25]

You Thought Wrong !"You Thought Wrong"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson featuring Tamyra Gray
Kelly Clarkson
Kenneth Edmonds
Tamyra Gray
Harvey Mason, Jr.
Damon Thomas
Thankful !Thankful
2003
[26]

Your Cheating Heart !"Your Cheatin' Heart"
Clarkson, Kelly !Kelly Clarkson
Hank Williams
Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2, The !The Smoakstack Sessions Vol. 2
2012
[40]


document_title: Economy of the Middle East

question_text: which is the richest country in middle east

question_tokens: which is the richest country in middle east

root

text: Economy of the Middle East

text: Statistics[edit]

tag: p

text: This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2014)

tag: table

text: An International Monetary Fund analysis of growth determinants indicates that greater integration with international markets could provide a substantial boost to income and gross domestic product (GDP) growth.[2]

text:
Prospects for the MENA Region[3]

MENA Region
2009
2011
2012

Real GDP growth
2.8
3.6
4.5

Real GDP growth (PPP)
2.7
3.5
4.5

Exports (change %)
-9.5
2.6
5.2

Imports (change %)
1.2
4.9
6.6

CA balance (% of GDP)
-0.1
1.5
0.9

text:
Rank
Country
GDP Per
Capita[4]
GDP (PPP)
Total ($US B)[5]
GDP (Millions of US$) 2014

1
 Israel
$35,200
$281.9
296,100

2
 Iran
$18,100
$876
416,490

3
 Kuwait
$71,900
$150.2
172,608

4
 United Arab Emirates
$67,900
$200.4
399,451

5
 Oman
$46,700
$69.43
77,677

6
 Bahrain
$50,700
$22.85
33,862

7
 Saudi Arabia
$55,200
$581.3
746,248

8
 Turkey
$24,900
$1189.9
798,332

9
 Lebanon
$18,500
$46.03
50,028

10
 Qatar
$127,700
$101.2
210,109

11
 Egypt
$12,600
$470.4
286,435

12
 Jordan
$12,300
$33.06
35,878

13
 Syria
$2,900
$102.5
77,460

14
 Iraq
$17,900
$249.4
223,508

15
 Palestinian territories
$4,300
$ N/A
N/A

16
 Yemen
$2,400
$58.2
43,229

text: According to Bayt.com Middle East Consumer Confidence Index, March 2015: While close to a quarter (24%) of respondents believe that their country’s economy has improved relative to the past 6 months, over one third (35%) think it has gotten worse. Those in Syria were the most negative about their country’s economy with 83% of them thinking it has receded as compared to 6 months prior.

text: 38% of respondents expect the economy in their country to improve in the next 6 months, while a quarter expect it to get worse. Overall, only 7% believe that present business conditions are ‘very good’; 24% think business conditions are ‘good’.

text: Half of respondents expect business conditions in their country to improve in the next year.

text: Respondents from Syria tended to be more pessimistic about future business conditions with about half of them (49%) thinking it will get worse.[6]

text: By country and territory[edit]

text: Bahrain[edit]

text: Bahrain has a per capita GDP of $50,700.[7] Bahrain has the Persian Gulf's first "post-oil" economy because the Bahraini economy does not rely on oil.[8] Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the banking and tourism sectors.[9] The country's capital, Manama is home to many large financial structures. Bahrain has a high Human Development Index (ranked 48th in the world) and was recognised by the World Bank as a high income economy. Bahrain has expanded its industrial capacity to include Aluminum production and signed a Free Trade Agreement with the United States in an effort to expand its export base. Bahrain has also positioned itself as a strong player in Islamic banking in an effort to expand beyond resource exports and into a greater role in the international service industry.[10]

text: Lebanon[edit]

text: The GDP per capita of Lebanon is $16,000 in 2012 US dollars, that makes Lebanon the highest in GDP per capita after 6 GCC state members, and Israel, as per the CIA world fact book. However, the economy of Lebanon has been severely inhibited by internal sectarian conflict and conflict with Israel. The government has incurred significant debt attempting to rebuild the national infrastructure following the Lebanese Civil War. Through foreign assistance the nation has made strides to rebuild, but still remains largely underdeveloped. Currently its trade deficit is nearly $8 billion, its external debt is $31.6 billion. Lebanon's economy is being rebuilt, especially by the remarkable growth of its industry (including cement) and services sector which presents more than 70% of the country's economy. Beirut is regaining its place as a center of the Middle East as foreign investments are making a huge comeback in all sectors and businesses and making huge profits, which will encourage more capitals investments.[11]

text: Egypt[edit]

text: Egypt derives a great deal of its foreign exchange from tourism. Consequently, most of its labor force is devoted to the service sector.[12] Agriculture is also a large part of the Egyptian economy. The Nile River provides Egypt with some of the most fertile land in the Middle East. It produces food for consumption and export as well as cotton for domestic and foreign textile production. Egypt's other great resource is the Suez Canal. Roughly 7.5% of global sea trade transits the canal providing Egypt revenues in excess of $3 billion annually.[13] Egypt's industrial base dates back to the 1960s, when the nation undertook import substitution industrialization policies.[14] The inefficiencies of the state-run program have led the government to begin a privatization program and as a result Egypt enjoyed substantial GDP growth in the first decade of the 21st century.[12] It has also taken advantage of Qualifying Industrial Zone to expand trade relations with the United States. Despite these developments Egypt remains an underdeveloped country with a per capita GDP of $5,500.[12] Egypt would be the first ever electronic Egyptian Commodities Exchange in the MENA region to facilitate the well being of its small farmers and supply of products at reasonable prices abolishing the monopoly of goods.[15][16]

text: Iran[edit]

text: Iran has one of the largest economies in the Middle East. It is the world's 18th largest by PPP. Iran's major industries are largely state owned. The nature of the Iranian state-owned enterprises has led to a degree of inefficiency. Iran ranks 69th out of 139 in Global Competitiveness Report.[17] Iran has been able to subsidize inefficient industry through large oil revenues and maintain respectable growth rates. The nature of the state-driven economy has led to significant 'brain drain' in recent years as educated Iranians seek opportunities abroad. Consequently, Iran has begun a privatization effort in order to stimulate trade in accordance with its ongoing five-year plan as well as an ambitious economic reform plan.

text: The most important advantage that Iran's capital market has in comparison with other regional markets is that there are 40 industries directly involved in it. Industries such as the automotive, telecommunications, agriculture, petrochemical, mining, steel iron, copper, banking and insurance, financial mediation and others trade shares at the stock market, which makes it unique in the Middle East.[18] Iran has a high potential of becoming one of the world's largest economies in the 21st century.[19]

text: Iraq[edit]

text: Nearly 30 years of fighting, against Iran in the 1980s and the United States since 1991, has had a detrimental impact on Iraqi economic growth. Oil production remains Iraq's chief economic activity. The lack of development in other sectors has resulted in 18%–30% unemployed and a depressed per capita GDP of $4,000.[20] Reconstruction aid has helped to bolster the nation's infrastructure, however, an ongoing insurgency has handicapped economic recovery.

text: Israel[edit]

text: Israel's national leadership established a socialist economy when Israel was established in 1948. The purpose of this approach was to establish economic self-sufficiency, particularly agriculturally, in the face of hostile neighbors and to provide jobs for a population rapidly expanding through immigration. The socialist nature of the economy created a great deal of inefficiency which the government was able to offset through foreign aid, first in the form of West German Holocaust reparations then through direct aid, primarily from western nations.

text: Following the Yom Kippur War Israeli defense spending rose dramatically, exposing the weaknesses of the state-run economy.[21] The result was rampant inflation that led Israel to recall the lira in 1980 and issue the sheqel. This move did not sufficiently curb inflation and consequently the sheqel was recalled in 1985 in favor for the Israeli new sheqel, a move implemented together with a comprehensive economic stabilization program which stemmed inflation and set the stage for high growth in the 1990s. Israel had also undertaken a privatization effort beginning in the late 1970s. The economy received a boost in the early 1990s with the arrival of several hundred thousand immigrants form the former Soviet Union.[22] As a significant number of the immigrants were highly educated, Israel accelerated its privatization in order to encourage the high-skilled workers to stay. The new high-skill labor also attracted a lot of foreign direct investment. Israel's growth over the past decade has been commensurate with western developed nations as is its GDP (PPP) per-capita which is about $35,000/year – the highest of all the non natural resources dependent countries in the Middle East. It also has the highest economic complexity index of all the countries in the Middle East. Israel is described as "Very Highly Developed" on the UN's Human Development Index, ranking 16th among 187 world nations and highest in the Middle East in 2012.

text: In September 2010, Israel joined the OECD, which praised Israel's scientific and technological progress and described it as having "produced outstanding outcomes on a world scale."[23] Indeed, much of the growth in the country's economy over the past couple of decades is attributable to the software, biomedical, electronics, telecommunications and other high-technology sectors as the percentage of Israelis engaged in scientific and technological inquiry, and the amount spent on research and development (R&D) in relation to gross domestic product (GDP), is among the highest in the world.[24]The high-tech industry contributes to about 43 percent of Israeli exports, but only employs 8.3 percent of the industry’s workers.[25]

text: Jordan[edit]

text: This section's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on Talk:Economy of the Middle East. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Jordan operates a rentier economy based largely on foreign aid, investment, and remittances. Despite having the one of the best education centers and the best healthcare in the Middle East,[26] Jordan heavily depends on its highly skilled workforce in the oil-rich Persian Gulf to send back money to help support thousands of Jordanian families. Consequently, its economic fortunes are tied to events in the international community. Although the standard of living in Jordan is significantly higher than other countries with similar incomes, many Jordanians opt for a job abroad because of soaring costs of living and high unemployment in their native country. Jordan is dependent on those remittances which have accounted for nearly 20% of GDP since 1975.[27] Jordan's dependence has had detrimental consequences. Following Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait hundreds of thousands of Palestinians were expelled from other Arab nations. For Jordan this resulted in the significant loss of remittance revenue.[28]

text: Although the 2003 Iraq War brought detrimental consequences to Jordan's economy at first, it gave Jordan a huge boost in trade and investment with wealthy Iraqis re-settling in Jordan; Amman become a transit point for business and trade bound to Iraq. Jordan consequently became known as the "Gateway to Iraq" and later the "Gateway to the Middle East". Jordan's pro-business and pro-Western government has created incentives and free trade zones to spur further economic growth.

text: Jordan's private sector growth has been given higher priority in recent years. By taking advantage of Qualifying Industrial Zones manufactured exports have increased, led largely through the growth of a textile industry.[29] Jordan's shift to a free market economy has brought unprecedented amounts of investments into the economy. Jordan has one of the freest economies in the Middle East due to several key economic reforms in the past few years. Tourism, ICT, trade, and future oil shale and uranium exports will form the backbone of Jordan's economy.

text: Kuwait[edit]

text: The Kuwaiti currency is the highest-valued currency unit in the world.[30] Kuwait has the second-most free economy in the Middle East.[31] 57% of Kuwait's GDP comes from non-oil industry (mostly business services, manufacturing, retail trade, financial institutions, construction, transport and real estate).[32] Petroleum accounts for 43% of GDP, 87% of export revenues, and 75% of government income.[32][33] Kuwait also exports plant fertilizers.[34] The per capita GDP is $40,700.[35] As part of a diversification plan the Kuwaiti government has invested its revenues and maintains a sizable sovereign wealth fund. These investment currently account for more than half of Kuwait's GDP.[36] 60% of Kuwait's work force are non-Kuwaitis.[35]

text: Oman[edit]

text: Oman has several different industries, including crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals and optic fiber. Oman also has substantial trade and budget surpluses. 55% of Oman's government revenues comes from the non-oil industry. Petroleum accounts for 64% of total export earnings, 45% of government revenues and 50% of GDP.[36] By 2020 Oman hopes to reduce oil revenue to just 9% of its income.[37] Along with that plan the country hopes to move away from rentier economics and employ its citizens in the labor market and reduce reliance on expatriate labor.[37] To take its first steps in economic independence it has signed a Free Trade Agreement with the United States and is seeking to do the same with the European Union, China, and Japan.[37] It is currently maneuvering itself into the re-export and heavy manufacturing markets.

text: Palestinian Territories[edit]

text: The economy of the Palestinian National Authority has been severely truncated by extensive corruption among Palestinian Authority officials, a heavy dependence on foreign aid, and the ongoing conflict with Israel. Production has dropped since the beginning of the Second Intifada in 2000. The Gaza Strip has been blockaded by Israel and Egypt since June 2007 after Hamas took control of the Palestinian territory in the course of a conflict with rival Palestinian group Fatah. In May 2010, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs stated that the formal economy in Gaza has collapsed since the imposition of the blockade.[38] The West Bank has fared significantly better since the split in the Palestinian power structure and Fatah took power in the West Bank (the GDP per capita of the West Bank was more than double that of the Gaza Strip in 2015).[39] Still the Palestinian Authority is nearly entirely dependent on foreign aid. Collectively the Palestinian territories had a per capita GDP of $4,300 in 2014.[40]

text: Qatar[edit]

text: Qatar currently enjoys the regions highest per capita GDP at $101,000.[41] It has derived its wealth from exploiting its natural gas reserves. With the revenues from its hydrocarbon industries Qatar has established a rentier economy. Qatar has also established the largest per capita sovereign wealth fund in the world. With a population under one-million people the government has not found it necessary to diversify its economy.

text: Saudi Arabia[edit]

text: Saudi Arabia has 20% of the known oil reserves in the world. With its oil they have a national GDP of $657 billion and a per capita GDP (PPP) of 25,700 .[42] With this revenue stream the country has become the largest rentier economy in the world. As the oil wealth grew so too did the civil service. It grew from 37,000 in 1962 to 232,000 in 1981.[36] Further, as Saudi Arabia's civil service grew so too did its reliance on foreign labor which currently stands at 5.5 million or about one-third of its working age population.[42]

text: Currently about 40% of Saudi Arabia's population is under the age of 15.[42] This has led the government to accelerate investment in education and infrastructure in an effort to ensure jobs for the growing population and alleviate a chronically high unemployment rate. The state has announced plans to build six 'economic cities' in order to diversify its economy.

text: Syria[edit]

text: Stemming from a 1960s nationalization effort most Syrian economy is run by the government.[43] However, owing to the inefficient public sector, significant domestic subsidies, and considerable intervention investment in Lebanon inflation and external debt have become significant problems.[44] Consequently, the Syrian government has undertaken modest privatization reform in preparation for the opening of the Damascus Stock Exchange in 2009.[45] Modest oil production and an agriculture sector lead Syria's production while most of its employment is in the service sector. Its per capita GDP stands at $4,900.[45]

text: Turkey[edit]

text: Turkey is the largest economy in the Middle East followed by Iran, Saudi Arabia and UAE. Turkey has the world's 15th largest GDP-PPP[46] and 15th largest Nominal GDP.[47] The country is a founding member of the OECD (1961) and the G-20 major economies (1999). Turkey has been part of the EU Customs Union since 31 December 1995.

text: Turkey is often classified as a newly industrialized country by economists and political scientists;[48][49][50] while Merrill Lynch, the World Bank and The Economist magazine describe Turkey as an emerging market economy.[51][52][53]

text: Turkey is restructuring its economy in an attempt to gain full European Union membership. It began this policy in the early 1970s, abandoning its previous import substitution industrialization policy.[54] As privatization has taken hold in Turkey it has brought with it significant foreign direct investment. Additionally, the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline has brought revenue to Turkey and enabled it to share some of the regional hydrocarbon wealth. Turkey's economy is currently led by its automobile, agricultural and textile sectors. It has a per capita GDP of $11,200, supplemented by some 1.2 million Turks working abroad.[55]

text: United Arab Emirates[edit]

text: The economy of the United Arab Emirates is the second largest in the Arab world (after Saudi Arabia), with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $377 billion (AED1.38 trillion) in 2012. The United Arab Emirates has been successfully diversifying the economy. 71% of UAE's total GDP comes from non-oil sectors.[56] Oil accounts for only 2% of Dubai's GDP.[57] The UAE is also making an effort to attract foreign direct investment by offering 100% foreign ownership and no taxes.[58] Tourism is one of the main sources of revenue in the UAE.

text: Yemen[edit]

text: Yemen has plagued by chronic economic mismanagement. With 85% unemployment, the nation relies heavily on expatriate remittances.[59] The reliance on foreign labor markets proved disastrous following the 1991 Persian Gulf War when Saudi Arabia and Kuwait expelled Yemeni workers and curtailed aid to the country in response to its support of Iraq.[29] Most of Yemen's GDP comes from its limited oil production. The bulk of its labor is involved in agriculture where its primary cash crop is khat.

text: Job Index[edit]

text: The Middle East Job Index Survey conducted by Bayt.com in February 2015 states that: Overall, the Job Index has decreased by one point since the last wave of August 2014. In the UAE, the Job Index has decreased by four points since August 2014.

text: Three-fifths of working respondents in the MENA state that they will be hiring in the next 3 months. Plans to hire in the next 3 months are higher in the GCC, with 37% ‘definitely’ hiring, compared to 30% in the Levant and 29% in North Africa.

text: Looking at future hiring expectations, seven in 10 working respondents state that they would be hiring in a year’s time. The plans for hiring in a year’s time shows more positive results amongst the GCC countries, with 37% ‘definitely’ hiring after 12 months, compared to 30% in Levant and North Africa.

text: 65% of those who plan to hire in the next 3 months indicate that they would be hiring for up to 10 positions.

text: Over three-fifths (64%) of working respondents state that their companies have hired new employees within the past 6 months.

text: The trend continues from past waves with most employers planning to hire people for junior or mid-level executive positions.

text: Accountants (17%) and Sales Managers (16%) are the top job roles companies will be looking for in the next 3 months.

text: Graduation/Post Graduation degrees in Business Management is still the most sought after qualification in the MENA. This is followed by degrees in Engineering and Commerce.

text: Good communication skills in Arabic and English is still the top attribute companies look for in a respondent, followed by ‘being a team player’.

text: In terms of experience, managerial skills are still the most sought after, followed by experience in sales and marketing, and computer skills.

text: Overall, two-fifths believe that their country of residence is more attractive as a job market in comparison to other MENA countries.

text: When compared to the Levant region (16%) and North Africa (19%), significantly more respondents in the GCC (40%) think that their country of residence is a more attractive job market.

text: Almost half of working respondents rate their own industry as being more attractive as a potential employer in comparison to other industries.

text: Overall, Banking and Finance still emerges on top in terms of the industry which respondents consider to be attracting/retaining talent in their country of residence[60]

text: Economic reform[edit]

text: Following the oil boom of the 1970s, Middle Eastern economies have implemented several reform policies aimed at sustaining economic growth as well as economic participation at the macroeconomic level. While each country follows their own economic agendas, many economies within the Middle East face similar challenges and offer policy reform that tackle issues that affect the region as a whole.

text: The implementation of these economic reforms has become more urgent in the region as the Middle East faces more danger as oil price volatility continues to threaten the economic stability of major oil exporting countries. These reform policies focus on common concerns in the region and are especially concerned with attracting foreign investments in a global economy that has become highly integrated.[61]

text: Countries within the Middle East have also begun implementing more policies that promote integration between Middle Eastern countries in order for the region to reach its full economic potential and to sustain the stability of countries that have accomplished higher rates of growth and development.[62]

text: Background[edit]

text: The 1970s marks one of most crucial periods in Middle Eastern economic history. Following the OPEC embargo of October 1973, the market price of oil per barrel rose from $3 per barrel to $12 per barrel in reaction to the 5% production cut and reduction of supply by OPEC countries. The OPEC embargo was directed to the United States, in retaliation for their financial aid and support of Israel during the Yom-Kippur War, as well as other countries who also supported Israel, such as the Netherlands, Portugal and South Africa.[63] The embargo was also prompted by the decision of President Richard Nixon to take the United States off the gold standard, hurting oil producing countries who collected revenue in US dollars. While the OPEC embargo exacerbated the deep recession and inflation in the United States, the economies of the Middle East witnessed rapid expansion and growth in GDP as well as an increase in the Middle East's share of global world trade values from 3.6% to 8% in the period between 1972-1979.[64] As well as experiencing economic growth, the Middle East also made improvements in development indicators such as infant mortality, life expectancy and witnessed a decrease in unemployment across most sectors.

text: Following the oil boom and the OPEC embargo of the 1970s, the Middle East became a heavily integrated region, in terms of economic growth and employment. The increase in the export of oil by the major oil-exporting countries in the Middle East led to a mass influx of foreign workers from other Arab countries (labor exporting countries) as well as Asian countries. Towards the end of the 1980s the growth accumulated during the 1970s began to halt to a stop, as the price of oil began to decrease and the international environment began to become increasingly competitive. As a result, countries such as Morocco, Tunisia and Jordan began to implement types of economic reforms during the mid 1980s. Soon after, most countries within the region had implemented some form of economic stabilisation policy. During the 1990s the GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar) were becoming increasingly vulnerable to oil-price volatility, which stunted economic growth, failing to sustain the growth rates achieved in the 1970s and early 1980s.[65]

text: Common issues addressed in economic reform[edit]

text: While not entirely similar, economic reform in the Middle East following the late 1990s prioritised the same goals and ideals. Common areas of importance within economic reform in the region were focused on how to sustain growth rather than achieve growth that is fleeting. Over the years, several policies and plans have been implemented and formed, aiming at reducing the constraints on economic growth and looking closely at how to maintain growth and adequately redistribute wealth to the people.

text: Intersection of political and economic reform[edit]

text: For many countries and economies within the Middle East, the heavy integration of politics into the economy and vice-versa is a determining factor in the implementation process of both political or economic reforms that are being suggested. Political instability has proved to be a major obstacle to effective economic reform in the region. The instability throughout some parts of the region also deter foreign investment and further economic integration on a global level. Furthermore, political transparency has also proved to be a deterrence to economic development in the region. Since the quality of institutions and governance are important factors in stimulating growth, economic reform in the Middle East may not be complete if political reform is not suggested or implemented simultaneously. The political instability and continuous regional conflict (such as the Palestine-Israel conflict) within the Middle East also prevents the region from achieving its highest potential as it consistently faces numerous humanitarian crises that affect the majority of development indicators such as life expectancy or infant mortality rates.

text: Integration into the global economy[edit]

text: Another common issue that the region has addressed in economic and policy reforms is the integration of the Middle East into the global economy. Reports of economic reform in the Middle East in the early 2000s called for massive reforms to improve the Middle East's global financial integration as it stood below most developed regions. Such reports also called for a reform of the trade sector and agreements that had been previously implemented in the region that prevented most trade, besides the export of oil by oil-exporting countries. Noting trade openness as a "a significant contributor to higher productivity are per capita income growth",[66] several countries in the Middle East have accomplished the common goal of trade reform and openness in order to more properly integrate the region within the global economy.

text: Reforms in new age of the Middle East[edit]

text: Subsidy Reform[edit]

text: History of price subsidies in the Middle East[edit]

text: A common issue within Middle Eastern economies is the use of subsidies, of which energy subsidies account the most for. Price subsidies were first introduced in the Middle East over a thirty-year period from 1940-1970, with the primary goal of price stabilisation. Many of the price subsidies implemented in the Middle East began simply as price stabilisers, however over time these stabilisers mechanisms all transformed into price subsidies. The issue with the use of subsidies in the Middle East was that these subsidies, while meant to be implemented as a "social protection" or welfare tool, in actuality were not targeted enough nor were they cost effective, defeating their primary purpose. A concern about the use of subsidies in the Middle East was that they were not reaching their target audience, people in the economy who needed more government assistance, and rather a large portion of richer citizens within these economies were receiving the benefits that result from the implementation of subsidies. Many economies in the Middle East have embraced the use of subsidies for major sectors because it is one of the only social protection programs that may be put into place in the region. Moreover, the citizens of several Middle Eastern nations had also adapted naturally to the implementation of price subsidies, embracing them as natural rights available to them as citizens, making these subsidies difficult to remove without failure. During the 1990s, the Middle East saw various structural reforms, from privatisation to financial stabilisation, however subsidy reform was still not implemented due to subsidies accounting for a smaller portion of GDP during the period, reducing the pressure on reform.[67]

text: Pressure for reform[edit]

text: Following the 1990s, the pressure to implement price subsidy reforms began to build as the prices of oil rose beginning in the 2000s. As the price of oil steadily increased, it became apparent that price subsidies were preventing governing bodies from implementing more needed social programs. This came along with the fact that as the price of oil increased in the global market, as do price subsidies in the local economies, leading to a price increase in subsidised products, such as food.[67] Almost a decade later, price subsidy reform is becoming more tangible as the Middle East goes through a political upheaval which results in the of The pressure for subsidy reform increased following the 2008-2009 world financial crisis, under which the prices of commodities rose, invariably raising the subsidies on these commodities.

text: Reform[edit]

text: Beginning in 2010, 6 countries in the Middle East (Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Yemen, Jordan, Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt) made significant reforms to their price subsidies system. The Republic of Iran was the first country in the region to do so, and began by implementing major price increases of all fuel products as well as electricity, water and transport. This increase in prices of commodities was offset by the implementation of cash transfers of 445,000 rials per person each month. In terms of non subsidised commodities, the prices of such goods also rose, with increases in price averaging around 30% and peaking at 100%.[67] The cash transfers provided to citizens were found to be excessive and were disproportionately benefiting the richer citizens of the country. Due to the adverse effects of the subsidy reform, some portions of the reform were repealed in March 2012 under the newly amended Targeted Subsidies Reform Act. Another country in the region that implemented subsidy reforms was the Republic of Yemen, which did so with the help of the International Monetary Fund and The World Bank in 2005-2010. During this period, prices periodically increased several times. In 2011 and 2012, increases in the price of gasoline, diesel and kerosene continued, drawing little public attention. However, the decision to remove subsidies all together in 2014, increasing prices by almost 90% for some products, drew public outcry and led to the reverse of some of these reforms within the same year. Different approaches have been taken by these countries, with some being more extreme with the course of change and others who take a more transitionary approach to the reforms. The effectiveness of such reforms is dependent on many different factors that differ on a case-by-case basis, such as the political climate during the time of the reform or whether or not the public receives precautionary warnings and advice in regards to the removal of subsidies from goods and services.

text: The progress of countries in the Middle East to reduce subsidies is still an ongoing challenge, however it has developed significantly since the beginning of the century and at current the statuses of these reforms can still not be determined as they remain susceptible to changes in regime and political conditions as well as socioeconomic factors.

text: Economic diversification[edit]

text: An area in which the Middle East has been increasingly attempting to develop in has been through the diversification of sectors, especially by oil-exporting countries, to decrease the region's dependency on natural resources. The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council have addressed this issue and have taken a strong stance in the implementation of reforms that will continue to diversify the economy of the region. In order to decrease resource dependency within the Gulf states, reforms and policy proposals for the future have been implemented and follow a plan of economic development and signal the move from natural resources to a more diversified economy that attracts foreign investment and is highly integrated within the global scheme. Examples of such plans to diversify economies include Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and the United Arab Emirate's Economic Vision 2030, both of which outline the countries goals to reach the desired level of economic growth and development by the year 2030.

text: Saudi Arabia Vision 2030[edit]

text: Saudi Arabia's economic vision for the year 2030 outlines various goals that the Kingdom hopes to achieve in order to be "a pioneering and successful global model of excellence, on all fronts"[68] A goal that is set to be accomplished by the year 2030 is the expansion of SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) to account for 35% of Saudi Arabia's GDP, a 15% increase from the 20% the industry holds in percentage of GDP today. As well as aiming for a SMEs to contribute a larger percentage of GDP, the plan to allocate 20% of funding to SMEs was also outlined in the plan. The plan also makes mention of the continued privatisation of "state-owned assets" which aims to bring in more diverse forms of income for the country.

text: Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030[edit]

text: Abu Dhabi (capital of the United Arab Emirates) also has similar goals to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in terms of the increasingly global and diversified economy the city hopes to achieve by 2030. Abu Dhabi's vision outlines the plan to use the acquired oil wealth of the city as a means to diversify the economy.[69] Focusing on GDP by sector, the Emirate outlines the plan to result in a more diversified economy, emphasising the link between economic diversification and economic sustainability. The Emirate is also concerned in developing the private sector within the city and states that at publication in 2008, that the ratio of small, privately owned businesses to large businesses was on-par with developed, international economy.

text: Value added tax in the GCC[edit]

text: As of January 2016, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates announced the plan to implement value-added tax (VAT) in the GCC as a response to the decrease in oil prices beginning in 2014. VAT is expected to be effective in the GCC as of January 2018, however some countries may implement this tax later into the year.

text: Implications of VAT[edit]

text: Though each member of the GCC will establish a separate national implementation of VAT, the implications of VAT on the economy are similar. First, the requirements for businesses operating under VAT appear universal across the region: all businesses that exceed the VAT threshold must register, filing periodic VAT tax returns with tax officials, and record keeping of all business transactions.[70] Furthermore, similar considerations must be taken by businesses and governmental bodies in relation to the implications of implementing VAT. Within financial services, the acknowledgment that VAT may not apply to all financial services (such as services involving Islamic banking or insurance) must be made in order to implement more flexible systems that can manage the implementation of VAT into the already existing financial systems. Considerations of VAT on the oil and gas industry, a pivotal sector within the economies of the GCC, must also be made. The appropriate exceptions and VAT treatments on the existing financial operations regarding the Oil and Gas sector within each economy must be made. Another economic sector that may be adversely affected by the implementation of VAT in the GCC is the retail sector. As VAT is introduced and implemented in the economic market, retailers must be aware of the correct way to classify sales. Lack of caution in classifying retail sales as well as implementing retail loyalty schemes may potentially interfere with VAT, leading to complex situations.

text: Economic history[edit]

text: Around 1800[edit]

text: Textile production was the most important industry, complemented by food-processing, furniture and specialized industries in some places. Industrial production was mostly concentrated in the cities. With exception of Istanbul, the cities themselves were all situated next to a substantial area of cultivatable land with soil quality. Most industries, with fixed price and guild systems, were not conducive to innovation, even if a certain quality of craftsmanship was preserved. Another important urban function was to organize caravan trade.[71]

text: Early nineteenth century[edit]

text: During the early nineteenth century, the situation in the Middle East changed dramatically because of three development paths: mild reforms and problematic openness in the Ottoman imperial core, forced development in Egypt and direct colonization in central Asia and Algeria.[72]

text: 20th century[edit]

text: After the period of deindustrialization, during the 20th century, political movements in the Middle East not only demanded a political renaissance, but many of its leaders also saw the need for reindustrialization.[73]


document_title: List of Adventures in Odyssey characters

question_text: who plays jack allen on adventures in odyssey

text: Major characters (currently active)[edit]

text:
John Avery Whittaker,[1] voiced by Hal Smith (1987–1994), Paul Herlinger (1996–2008), and Andre Stojka (2009 - ), often known as "Whit," is the main fictional character of Adventures in Odyssey and the namesake of Odyssey's most famous attraction, Whit's End. He is viewed as a spiritual Christian leader to the children, and adults also, in Odyssey. He was originally voiced by Hal Smith, but after Smith's death in 1994, the character of Whit left Odyssey to lead an archaeological mission in Israel for the Universal Press Foundation. Whit returned to Odyssey in 1996; he had been voiced by Paul Herlinger until 2008. Andre Stojka took the role following Herlinger's retirement. This is the second character voiced by Stojka that was previously voiced by Hal Smith (the first being Owl from Disney's Winnie the Pooh franchise, with Stojka having voiced the character from 1997 to 2006).
Connie Kendall[2] (1987 - ), voiced by Katie Leigh, is probably the second-most major character in Adventures in Odyssey, appearing in more episodes than any other character except John Avery Whittaker. Connie has been voiced by Katie Leigh since her arrival in Odyssey in episode #4: "Connie Comes to Town."
Eugene Meltsner[3] (1988 - ), voiced by Will Ryan, is a longtime employee at Whit's End. He is very intelligent, having a reputation for erudition and a fondness for trivia. Major plot arcs involving Eugene include his conversion to Christianity and his courtship, engagement, and then marriage to Katrina Shanks. Another major storyline about Eugene is the rediscovery of his father, whom he had believed dead since he was seven years old.
Katrina Shanks-Meltsner,[4] voiced by Pamela Hayden (1994 - 2002) and Audrey Wasilewski (2005 - ), is the wife of Eugene Meltsner. She is the daughter of wealthy father Armitage Shanks and mother Millie. She also has two brothers that have never been named.
Jules Kendall,[5] voiced by Shona Kennedy (2013-) who is Connie's younger half-sister. Her name is short for July, since her father Bill has an odd fascination with marrying women with names of the months. She wears thick black eye liner and is annoyed by awkward situations. Jules is not a Christian, and believes that life is just a part of the "food chain." She is used to her father's strange situations such as being unknown to her sister. Her first appearance was in "Life Expectancy, Part 2." In "The Ties That Bind," she was also the Perilous Pen's informant.
Jason Whittaker[6] (1994 - ), voiced by Townsend Coleman, is Whit's son and former National Security Agency agent. He ran Whit's End while Whit was in the Middle East. Jason came very close to marrying his longtime sweetheart, Tasha Forbes, but they broke up while parked in front of the Justice of the Peace's house. Jason currently runs the J&J Antiques shop.
Wooton Bassett[7] (2001 - ), voiced by Jess Harnell, is an Odyssey mailman who is also the author of several comic series including Power Boy, Captain Absolutely, and Sleuth Family Robinson. In some ways, he seems to have not grown up yet (example: he collects Smiley Meal toys and has a slide going out of his house), although he occasionally shows his mature/serious side. He currently has a strained relationship with his father and his twin brother Wellington because Wooton is a Christian. At the end of Album 58, "The Ties That Bind," he proposed to his long-time girlfriend, Penny Wise.
Chris (1987 - ), voiced by Chris Anthony, is the show's announcer from the first episodes until the present time. It was made clear in early episode introductions that she is also a resident of Odyssey.
Penny Bassett (2011 - ), voiced by Kimmy Robertson is very cheery. She is easily entertained by the small things in life, though she can become easily distracted. She is a Christian, but she can be swayed by false teachings if she doesn't know better. She is quite eccentric and a fairly abstract thinker, which helps her with one of her principle talents—art. Penny is also Connie's best friend and roommate. In the album "Taking The Plunge," she agreed to marry Wooton Bassett.*
David Parker (2010-), voiced by Marc Evan Jackson, is the father of the Parker family. He has three kids (Olivia, Matthew, and Camilla), and is married to his Hispanic wife, Eva. His mother-in-law is Lucia, and his sister-in-law is named Rosalita. David is also an architect.
Eva Parker (2010-), voiced by Amanda Troop, is the wife to David Parker and mother of Olivia, Matthew, and Camilla. She is a sensible mom who works part-time as a nurse at a local clinic. She has to find the right balance between raising her family and dealing graciously with her mother, who wants to make sure their Hispanic heritage doesn’t get lost.

tag: ul

text: Major characters (currently inactive)[edit]

text: Adults[edit]

text:
Jack Allen[8] (1994 - 2012), voiced by Alan Young, is a childhood friend of Whit, former manager of "Whit's End" when Whit was in the Middle East, and owner of the J & J Antique Gallery, along with his wife Joanne Allen. He last appeared in Album 50 in 2008, and a couple of Darien's Rise episodes in 2009. His final appearance was in Album 56 in 2012, with the announcement that he and Joanne would be traveling to Scotland in their retirement, and handing over management of the antiques shop to Jason Whittaker. Young died in 2016.
Bart Rathbone,[9] (1987-2008) voiced by Walker Edmiston and Robert Easton, is the schemish manager of the Electric Palace. Bart's character often attempts publicity stunts, such as a television game show, and ran as an unfocused, ill-informed candidate for mayor, against Tom Riley and later Margaret Faye. Both Edmiston and Easton have since died.
Bernard Walton[10] (1990 - 2008), voiced by Dave Madden is Odyssey's window-washer. Though kind-hearted, Bernard is somewhat cynical and grumpy, but is most widely known for his metaphorical humor and penchant for storytelling. He hosts B-TV, a Christian television show in Odyssey. He is also Eugene's distant relative. The character was retired from the show upon the retirement of Dave Madden, who has since died.
Tom Riley[11] (1987 - 2008), voiced by Walker Edmiston, is a local farmer and good friend of Whit. Edmiston died shortly before the recording of album 50, so Tom's character has recently been retired as well. Tom is said to be a longtime conservative member and chairman of the Odyssey City Council, as well as a one-term mayor of the town.
George Barclay[12] (1988 - 1997, 2003 - 2004), voiced by Chuck Bolte, A family man, George eventually left Odyssey with his wife and kids for Pokenberry Falls to become pastor at local church (which served as the basis for a spoof of the film It's a Wonderful Life in album 31. He returned for several episodes in 2003 and 2004 to perform Connie and Mitch's wedding, which ultimately never happened. He also came by town for the unreleased 2009 episode/live event "BTV- Live: God's Calling." (Barclay's name shares a pronunciation with that of Bishop George Berkeley, the 18th century philosopher after whom the University of California, Berkeley is named.) Each member of the Barclay family was named after characters and actors from "It's A Wonderful Life."
Mary Barclay[13] (1989 - 1996), voiced by Patricia Parris and Carol Bilger. Mary is the wife of Pastor George Barclay and mother of three children, Donna, Jimmy, and Stewart Barclay.
Dr. Regis Blackgaard[14] (1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000), voiced by Earl Boen is Whit's nemesis. Dr. Blackgaard was supposedly killed in an explosion of his own making in 1995. However, he left behind a virus in the Imagination Station that was destroyed a few years later after attempting to gain a corporeal form from Aubrey Shepard. Some of Dr. Blackgaard's biggest fans refuse to admit he was killed in the explosion, saying he's still alive but biding his time before returning to Odyssey again, if he ever does.
Robert "Mitch" Mitchell (2001 - 2004), voiced by Steve Burns is Connie's boyfriend and an FBI agent also known as AREM (phonetical spelling of RM, his initials). Mitch's relationship with Connie was a turbulent one, plagued by misunderstandings and Connie's reluctance to trust him because of the secrecy of his work. Mitch was placed in witness protection during the Novacom Saga and was presumed dead until Connie discovered the truth. After the Novacom Saga, he proposed to Connie, but the two decided to call off the wedding at the last minute and temporarily separate. He briefly returned to Odyssey in album 55 in an FBI investigation, with his partner Maureen, who was his new fiancé.
Dale Jacobs (1989 -), voiced by Phil Lollar, is the editor of The Odyssey Times.[citation needed] He had two daughters, Robyn and Melanie; Robyn (1989–92) was one of the more popular kid characters during her time on the show.
Richard Maxwell (1989 - 2000), voiced by Nathan Carlson, debuted in the episode "An Encounter with Mrs. Hooper", and returned as a manipulative bully who worked as a counselor at Campbell County Community College and victimized his young charge, Nicholas Adamsworth in the episode "Eugene's Dilemma". After the truth about Richard's actions was revealed and he was dismissed from the college, Richard entered the employment of Dr. Regis Blackgaard, but had a change of heart after one of Blackgaard's schemes landed Lucy Cunningham-Schultz in the hospital. Having burned down Tom Riley's barn (for which Tom refused to forgive him for years afterward) and hacked into John Avery Whittaker's computer on Blackgaard's orders, Richard served two years in the Campbell County Detention Center before being released on parole. He foiled a number of Blackgaard's plans as part of his quest for personal redemption.[citation needed]
Peter Bourland (2002 - 2003), voiced by Keith Silverstein, was an FBI Agent who helped investigate the Novacom case.[citation needed]
Arthur Dent (2000 - 2002), named after the character from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and voiced by Christopher Snell, was an employee of Andromeda. Arthur Dent was driven to temporary paranoia by the realization of the corporation’s goals and apparent power. He later destroyed a radio tower with fertilizer explosives, thinking that it was the tower from which Andromeda would be broadcasting its mind-control signals. After a court trial, he did not make any further appearances in Odyssey.[citation needed]
Armitage Shanks, voiced by Bernard Erhard (1995 - 1998) and Brian Cummings (2002), was the father of Katrina Shanks; now deceased (allegedly murdered by poisoning during the Novacom Saga). He was a bit overprotective of his daughter, and was frequently at odds with Eugene during the early stages of Eugene and Katrina's relationship; however, he was motivated more by love of his daughter than by malice toward Eugene.[citation needed]

text: Children[edit]

text:
Rodney Rathbone[15] (1989 - 2007), voiced by Steve Burns, is the son of Bart Rathbone, he is a mischievous local bully, and head of The Bones of Rath, a gang of teenagers who cause mischief. Since the character of Bart was retired with the death of Walker Edmiston, Rodney is no longer a resident of Odyssey as well.
Aubrey Shepard,[16] voiced by Camilla Belle (1998-1999) and Danielle Judovits (1999-2005), was a creative and introspective girl who loves books and poetry. She has a tendency to act impetuously, which often gets her into trouble. Aubrey lived in Tom Riley's Timothy Center with her father Ben, mother Ellen, and younger sister Bethany. She was initially unhappy about her parents' newfound Christianity and often made a point to rebel against it, but became a Christian herself during the Novacom Saga. She later left for college.
Sam Johnson[17] (1991 - 1996), voiced by Kyle Ellison, was a good-hearted boy who also tended to be somewhat naive.
Lawrence Hodges (1992 - 1995, 2008), voiced by Gabriel Encarnacion, is a hyper-active kid with a run-away imagination to the point where he was having trouble separating his make-believe world and the real world, He was briefly heard over a phone-interview in the two part 2008 episode "The Triangled Web" (He is working at a laundromat as he has been kicked out of NASA.)Template:AIO 50-The Best Small Town
Lucy Cunningham-Schultz[18] (1988 - 1996, 2008), voiced by Genni Long, was a pre-teen reporter for both her middle school's newspaper The Odyssey Owl and The Odyssey Times. She reappeared as a college student in "The Triangled Web" and got married to Jack Davis.
Donna Barclay[19] (1988 - 1996), voiced by Azure Janosky. Daughter of George and Mary, older sister of Jimmy; often portrayed as a typical teenage girl who liked boys and shopping. Donna had a rebellious streak and could be somewhat temperamental also, but had a good heart and moral compass. Her best friend was Dale Jacobs' elder daughter, Robyn Jacobs (voiced by Sage Bolte, 1989-1992), who was herself the central character in many episodes.
James (Jimmy) Barclay[20] (1988 - 1996, 2004, 2008), voiced by David Griffin. Probably the most popular child character in the show's history. He and his family were in numerous episodes. He was the only child star kept after the death of the 1st Whit and was kept after his voice changed (it was common practice for AIO to drop actors when their voice changed). He has the second most appearances for a child character, behind Lucy. Jimmy lived in Washington DC for a while, working as a reporter for a tabloid, but eventually admitted to his dad that he wasn't in the best of places and returned to Pokenberry Falls. Returned for "The Triangled Web".
Grady McKay[21] (2004 - 2008), voiced by Jordan Orr, is a friend of Wooton.
Tamika Washington[22] (2003 - 2008), voiced by Courtney Brown, is the daughter of Ed and Elaine
Digger Digwillow (1988), voiced by Chad Reisser, was the first person to experience the Imagination Station, and the founder of "Wonderworld." Oddly enough, he was only in three episodes (The Imagination Station I & II, Heatwave).[citation needed]
Isaac Morton, (1989 - 1993) voiced by Justin Morgan, is a friend of Lucy, although before Curt. He was a good-hearted but cowardly kid who had a lot of run-ins with a bully named Rodney Rathbone, leader of the "Bones of Rath" gang.[citation needed]
Jack Davis, (1988 - 1989, 1992 - 1994, 2008) voiced by Donald Long, is another of Lucy's acquaintances. Most known for the being the "coolest" kid. He later became engaged with Lucy in "The Triangled Web".Template:AIO 50-The Triangled Web, Parts I and II
Curt Stevens, (1990 - 1992, 2008) voiced by Fabio Stephens, had a relationship with Lucy and was always getting into trouble. He also returned for "The Triangled Web".[citation needed]
Jenny Roberts, Voiced by Natalie Babbitt, was the show's second of two blind characters. Despite her disability, she never let it get her down and fit in quite easily in Odyssey. In the three-episode The Perfect Witness, she was kidnapped from Holstein's Bookstore and made use of her heightened senses of smell and hearing to help catch the criminals. She was also the longtime pen-pal to Melanie Jacobs, as seen in the Episode "Pen Pal."[citation needed]
Liz Horton,[23] (1998 - 2007) voiced by Lauren Schaffel was the reporter for Odyssey Owl and best friend of Mandy Straussberg. Also, it was revealed that she has a crush on Alex Jefferson in "Slumber Party".
Jared DeWhite[24] (1997 - 1999, 2001 - 2004, 2008), Voiced by Brandon Gilberstadt, was a trouble maker and conspiracy theorist who moved away after a few seasons. He returned during the Novacom series (he and his family had been placed in Witness Protection) and tipped off Sarah and Mandy to the activities of Novacom.
Dwayne Oswald, (1997 - 1999) voiced by Kris Kachurak, is best known as a foil for Jared DeWhite, Dwayne began as a character who was no good at anything and turned into an honor student later on.[citation needed]
Alex Jefferson,[25] (1999 - 2003) voiced by Travis Tedford, played a pivotal role in the Novacom saga with his cousin Cal.
Marvin Washington,[26] voiced by Kyle Massey (2003), Jordan Colloway (2003-2004), and Kendré Berry (2004-2008) was a child character and an African American; lives with his parents Ed and Elaine and his sister Tamika. While the Washington family were not the first African-American characters on Adventures in Odyssey, they are arguably the first to be considered "major" characters.
Nick Mulligan (1997 - 2005), voiced by Christopher Castile, (the nephew and adopted son of Mike and Tracy Mulligan) was portrayed early on as a brash, tough-talking street kid from New York City who smoked and frequently clashed with his cousin/adopted sister Lisa, but eventually he quit smoking and became an employee at Whit's End, and his character mellowed slightly.[citation needed]
Mandy Straussberg[27] (1998 - 2008), voiced by Aria Curzon, is very gifted in writing stories and plays, and in the episode "The Present Long Ago", it is revealed that she will one day marry the middle school's other top student, Trent DeWhite.
Rusty Gordon (1993 - 1995), Voiced by Shawn Svoboda, is a member of Rodney's gang, the Bones of Rath. He later wrote a book that painted a very negative portrait of Odyssey, which inspired Connie to write her own book.[citation needed] In "The Ties That Bind," he is revealed to have criminal connections.
Trent DeWhite (2003 - 2008), voiced by Corey Padnos, is Jared's little brother. Possessing a toned-down version of his brother's vivid imagination, Trent has been known to overreact and daydream at times. He is a top student at Odyssey Middle School, and at one point developed a crush on Mandy Straussberg, who he will one day marry as revealed in "The Present Long Ago".[citation needed]
Shannon Everett (1992 - 1994), is a rich and popular cheerleader who often resorted to bullying tactics and/or deception to get her way.[citation needed]

text: Minor characters[edit]

text:
Officer Patrick O'Ryan[28], voiced by Will Ryan, is a slightly goofy Irish-accented Odyssey police officer who replaced Officer David Harley because Harley was perceived as a disrespectful portrayal of police officers for children. He originally appeared on June 16, 1990, in the episode "An Act of Mercy," which was a remake of the Harley episode "The Quality of Mercy."
Edwin Blackgaard[29] (1992 - 2008), voiced by Earl Boen, is the twin brother of Dr. Regis Blackgaard and owner of the Harlequin Dinner Theatre. Despite being a little full of himself, he means well and wishes to bring culture to Odyssey.
Walter Shakespeare (1992 - ), voiced by Corey Burton, is the assistant to Edwin at the Harlequin Dinner Theatre.
Doris Rathbone[30] (1993 - 1998), voiced by Pamela Hayden and Diane Hsu (2007–present), is Rodney's mother.
Harlow Doyle[31] (1992 - 2000, 2005, 2008, 2010), voiced by Will Ryan. The town's resident private detective, Harlow was introduced to fill the gap left when Officer Dave Harley, a similar character, left Odyssey.
Tasha Forbes, voiced by Christie Nimitz (1994 - 1996) and Mandy Steckelberg (2008), is Jason Whittaker's on-again, off-again girlfriend/fiancée. Jason almost married her before deciding against it because she wasn't a Christian.
Joe Finneman (1991 - 1994), voiced by Parley Baer, was Connie's great uncle, owner of "Finneman's Market".
June Kendall (1988 - 1996, 2002 - 2003), voiced by Maggie Malooly, is the mother of Connie. She eventually became a Christian, unlike her ex-husband Bill Kendall, and died in album 57.
Agnes Riley, voiced by Julia Kazarian (1988) and Susan Silo (1996, 2002 - 2005) is Tom Riley's wife, also known to her close friends as "Rose" (her middle name). Agnes, an artistic woman who enjoys painting and music, suffers from dementia and resides in an assisted-living facility. She was so infrequently seen by Odyssey residents that the first time Rodney Rathbone saw Tom talking to her (and being unaware that they were married), he assumed Tom was having an illicit affair with her.
Margaret Faye (1997 - 1998, 2006, 2008), voiced by Alexandra Kenworthy, ran for Odyssey Mayor against Bart Rathbone and won. She had feelings for Mr. Whittaker and asked him to marry her as well as manage her campaign, but Whit, not agreeing with many of the issues she supported, declined, which infuriated her. Connie later worked on her campaign.
Phillip Glossman (1988 - 1990, 1992, 1994 - 1995, 2008), voiced by Paul McCusker, is a state Congressman who harbors a personal vendetta against John Avery Whittaker dating back to the founding of Whit's End.
Leonard Meltsner (2006 - 2007), voiced by Phil Proctor is the father of Eugene. He returned to America for a while and then returned to Africa to minister to the local natives with Eugene's brother Everett. He is now a Christian.
Mrs. Kramer (2011-), voiced by Mitzi McCall, is the current librarian in Odyssey and also spends time working at the Odyssey Retirement Home. She is known to be jaded, cynical, and easily annoyed. She keeps tabs on everything and has joined every community club possible in the hope that she will get a raise. She hates at least 100 things, one of which is a Valentine's Day gift with no candy. ("To Mend or Repair") She says she has a lack of faith in youth. ("Mistaken for Good") She dislikes Wooton with a passion.


document_title: List of individuals executed in Utah

question_text: who was the last person executed in utah

text: List of individuals executed in Utah

text: This is a list of individuals executed in the U.S. state of Utah.

text: Individuals executed in Utah[edit]

text:
#
Name
Date of execution
Method of execution
Victim(s)
Governor

–
Patsowits[1] and his brother[2]
Spring 1850
garroting
Patsowits killed an emigrant settler and his brother had made several death threats[2]
—

–
An emigrant[3]
1850
Beheading

—

1
2
Antelope and Long Hair[4]
September 15, 1854
hanging
Two sons of a Mormon bishop in Cedar Valley[4][5]
Brigham Young

3
Thomas H. Ferguson[6]
October 28, 1858[7]
hanging
Alexander Carpenter[8]
Alfred Cumming

4
William Cockcroft[7]
September 21, 1861
firing squad
Robert Brown
vacant

–
"Unknown Man"[9]
1862
firing squad
Unknown person

5
Jason R. Luce[10]
January 12, 1864
firing squad
Samuel R. Bunton[11]
James Duane Doty

6
Robert Sutton[12]
October 10, 1866
firing squad
Frederick White[8]
Charles Durkee

7
Chauncy W. Millard[12]
January 29, 1869
firing squad
Harlem P. Swett[10]
vacant

8
John Doyle Lee
March 23, 1877
firing squad
Mountain Meadows massacre
George W. Emery

9
Wallace Wilkerson[13]
May 16, 1879
firing squad (botched)[1]
William Baxter

10
Frederick Hopt (a.k.a. Fred Welcome)[14]
August 11, 1887
firing squad
John Franklin Turner
Caleb Walton West

11
Enoch Davis[15]
September 14, 1894
firing squad
Enoch's wife

–
An American Indian man[2]
1896

A white woman

12
Charles H. Thiede[16]
August 7, 1896
hanging
Thiede's wife
Heber Manning Wells

13
Pat Coughlin[17]
December 15, 1896
firing squad
Deputy Sherriff Dawes and Constable Stagg

14
Peter Mortensen[18]
November 20, 1903
firing squad
James R. Hay[19]

15
Frank Rose[18]
April 22, 1904
firing squad
Rose's wife

16
J. J. Morris[9]
April 30, 1912
hanging[5]
Morris' wife[20]
William Spry

17
Jules C. E. Szirmay (a.k.a. Jules Zirmay)[9]
May 22, 1912
firing squad
A school boy

18
Harry Thorne[21]
September 26, 1912
firing squad
A grocery clerk

19
Thomas Riley[9]
October 24, 1912
firing squad
A grocery clerk

20
Frank Romeo[21]
February 20, 1913
firing squad
Albert Jenkins[22]

21
Joe Hill
November 19, 1915
firing squad
John G. Morrison and his son Arlington

22
Howard DeWeese[23]
May 24, 1918
firing squad
His wife
Simon Bamberger

23
John Borich[23]
January 20, 1919
firing squad
A woman for insurance money

24
Steve Maslich[9]
January 20, 1922
firing squad
A man in Salt Lake City
Charles R. Mabey

25
Nick Oblizalo[9]
June 9, 1922
firing squad
A man in Salt Lake City

26
George H. Gardner[24]
August 31, 1923
firing squad
Joseph Irvine and a police officer

27
Omer R. Woods[25]
January 18, 1924
firing squad
Woods' invalid wife

28
Henry C. Hett (a.k.a. George Allen)[25]
February 20, 1925
firing squad
Police sergeant Pierce
George Dern

29
Pedro Cano [26]
May 19, 1925
firing squad
A woman in Park City

30
Ralph W. Seyboldt[27]
January 15, 1926
firing squad
Patrolman David H Crowther

31
Edward McGowan [28]
February 5, 1926
firing squad
Bob Blevins (and raped his wife and daughters)[28][29]

32
Delbert Green[30]
July 10, 1936
firing squad
Green's foster father/uncle James Green, mother-in-law/aunt, and wife
Henry H. Blood

33
John W. Deering[31]
October 31, 1938
firing squad
Oliver R. Meredith Jr.

34
Donald Lawton Condit[32]
July 30, 1942
firing squad
Harold A. Thorne
Herbert B. Maw

35
Robert Walter Avery[33]
February 5, 1943
firing squad
Detective Hoyt L. Gates

36
Austin Cox Jr.[34]
June 19, 1944
firing squad
Judge Lewis V. Trueman (also killed two other men and two women)

37
James Joseph Roedl[35]
July 13, 1945
firing squad
Abigail Agnes Williams

38
Eliseo J. Mares Jr.[36]
September 10, 1951
firing squad
Jack D. Stallings
J. Bracken Lee

39
Ray Dempsey Gardner[35]
September 29, 1951
firing squad
Shirley Jean Gretzinger

40
Don Jesse Neal[37]
July 1, 1955
firing squad
Sgt. Owen T. Farley

41
42
Verne Alfred Braasch and Melvin Leroy Sullivan[38]
May 11, 1956
firing squad
Howard Manzione[39]

43
Barton Kay Kirkham
June 7, 1958
hanging (last in Utah)
David Avon Frame (also killed Ruth Holmes Webster but was executed for murdering Frame)
George Dewey Clyde

44
James W. Rodgers[40]
March 30, 1960
firing squad[41]
Charles Merrifield[42]

45
Gary Gilmore
January 17, 1977
firing squad
Ben Bushnell and Max David Jensen
Scott M. Matheson

46
Dale Selby Pierre
August 28, 1987
lethal injection
Stanley Walker, Michelle Ansley, and Carol Naisbitt
Norman Bangerter

47
Arthur Bishop
June 10, 1988
lethal injection
Alonzo Daniels, Kim Peterson, Danny Davis, Troy Ward, and Graeme Cunningham

48
William Andrews
July 30, 1992
lethal injection
Stanley Walker, Michelle Ansley, and Carol Naisbitt

49
John Albert Taylor
January 27, 1996
firing squad
Charla Nicole King
Michael Leavitt

50
Joseph Mitchell Parsons
October 15, 1999
lethal injection
Richard Lynn Ernest

51
Ronnie Lee Gardner
June 18, 2010
firing squad
Michael Burdell (also killed Melvyn Otterstrom and wounded George "Nick" Kirk but was executed for murdering Burdell)
Gary Herbert