document_title: Object Manager (Windows)

question_text: how does windows 10 handle the allocation of resources

text: Object Manager (Windows)

text: Architecture[edit]

text: Object Manager is the centralized resource broker in the Windows NT line of Operating Systems, which keeps track of the resources allocated to processes. It is resource-agnostic and can manage any type of resource, including device and file handles. All resources are represented as objects, each belonging to a logical namespace for categorization and having a type that represents the type of the resource, which exposes the capabilities and functionalities via properties. An object is kept available until all processes are done with it; Object Manager maintains the record of which objects are currently in use via reference counting, as well as the ownership information. Any system call that changes the state of resource allocation to processes goes via the Object Manager.

text: Objects can either be Kernel objects or Executive objects. Kernel objects represent primitive resources such as physical devices, or services such as synchronization, which are required to implement any other type of OS service. Kernel objects are not exposed to user mode code, but are restricted to kernel code. Applications and services running outside the kernel use the Executive objects, which are exposed by the Windows Executive, along with its components such as the memory manager, scheduler and I/O subsystem. Executive objects encapsulate one or more kernel objects and exposes not only the kernel and kernel-mediated resources but also an expanded set of services than the kernel does. Applications themselves can wrap one or more Executive objects and surface objects that offer certain services. Executive objects are also used by the environment subsystems (such as the Win32 subsystem, the OS/2 subsystem, the POSIX subsystem etc.) to implement the functionality of the respective environments.

text: Whenever an object is created or opened, a reference to the instance, called a handle, is created. Object Manager indexes the objects both by their names as well as the handles. But, referencing the objects by the handles is faster because the name translation can be skipped. Handles are associated with processes (by making an entry into the process' Handle table that lists the handles it owns), and can be transferred between processes as well. A process must own a handle to an object before using it. A process can own a maximum of 16,000,000 handles at one time. During creation, a process gains handles to a default set of objects. While there exists different types of handles - file handles, event handles and process handles - they only help in identifying the type of the target objects; not in distinguishing the operations that can be performed through them, thus providing consistency to how various object types are handled programmatically. Handle creation and resolution of objects from handles are solely mediated by Object Manager, so no resource usage goes unnoticed by it.

text: The types of Executive objects exposed by Windows NT are:

text:
Process
A collection of executable threads along with virtual addressing and control information.

Thread
An entity containing code in execution, inside a process.

Job
A collection of processes.

File
An open file or an I/O device.

File mapping object
A region of memory mapped to a file.

Access token
The access rights for an object.

Event
An object which encapsulates some information, to be used for notifying processes of something.

Semaphore/Mutex
Objects which serialize access to other resources.

Timer
An objects which notifies processes at fixed intervals.

Key
A registry key.

Desktop
A logical display surface to contain GUI elements.

Clipboard
A temporary repository for other objects.

WindowStation
An object containing a group of Desktop objects, one Clipboard and other user objects.

Symbolic link
A reference to other objects, via which the referred object can be used.

text: Object structure[edit]

text: Each object managed by the Object Manager has a header and a body; the header contains state information used by Object Manager, whereas the body contains the object-specific data and the services it exposes. An object header contains certain data, exposed as Properties, such as Object Name (which identifies the object), Object Directory (the category the object belongs to), Security Descriptors (the access rights for an object), Quota Charges (the resource usage information for the object), Open handle count (the number of times a handle, an identifier to the object, has been opened), Open handle list (the list of processes which has a live reference to the object), its Reference count (the number of live references to the object), and the Type (an object that identifies the structure of the object body) of the object.

text: A Type object contains properties unique to the type of the object as well as static methods that implement the services offered by the object. Objects managed by Object Manager must at least provide a predefined set of services: Close (which closes a handle to an object), Duplicate (create another handle to the object with which another process can gain shared access to the object), Query object (gather information about its attributes and properties), Query security (get the security descriptor of the object), Set security (change the security access), and Wait (to synchronize with one or more objects via certain events). Type objects also have some common attributes, including the type name, whether they are to be allocated in non-paged memory, access rights, and synchronization information. All instances of the same type share the same type object, and the type object is instantiated only once. A new object type can be created by endowing an object with Properties to expose its state and methods to expose the services it offers.

text: Object name is used to give a descriptive identity to an object, to aid in object lookup. Object Manager maintains the list of names already assigned to objects being managed, and maps the names to the instances. Since most object accesses occur via handles, it is not always necessary to look up the name to resolve into the object reference. Lookup is only performed when an object is created (to make sure the new object has a unique name), or a process accesses an object by its name explicitly. Object directories are used to categorize them according to the types. Predefined directories include \?? (device names), \BaseNamedObjects (Mutexes, events, semaphores, waitable timers, and section objects), \Callback (callback functions), \Device, \Drivers, \FileSystem, \KnownDlls, \Nls (language tables), \ObjectTypes (type objects), \RPC Controls (RPC ports), \Security (security subsystem objects), and \Window (windowing subsystem objects). Objects also belong to a Namespace. Each user session is assigned a different namespace. Objects shared between all sessions are in the GLOBAL namespace, and session-specific objects are in the specific session namespaces

text: OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES structure:

text: The Attributes member can be zero, or a combination of the following flags:


document_title: Gambling in New Jersey

question_text: how old do you have to be to play slots in atlantic city

root

text: Gambling in New Jersey

text: History[edit]

text: Early era[edit]

text: Gambling has a long legacy in New Jersey, with the state historically being more permissive of gambling than most other states. Until they were banned in 1844, lotteries were common in New Jersey. They were used to help pay for the military during the French and Indian War and American Revolution, and help finance the construction of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University).[1][2]

tag: p

text: Freehold Raceway is the oldest racetrack in the United States, with horse racing having taken place there informally since the 1830s. The Monmouth County Agricultural Society was formed on December 17, 1853, and in 1854 they began holding an annual fair with harness racing at Freehold Raceway[3][4] Monmouth Park Racetrack opened in 1870. In 1894, the New Jersey Legislature banned parimutuel gambling,[5] and in 1897 the voters of New Jersey approved a referendum which amended the state constitution to ban all gambling (or possibly all commercial gambling).[6]

text: Expansion of gambling[edit]

text: From 1894 to 1939, all gambling was theoretically outlawed in New Jersey, but enforcement was spotty, and it is not clear whether social gambling was prohibited. Bookmaking, numbers games, and slot machines were common through the state, many churches and other non-profit organizations openly held bingos, and Freehold Raceway operated without interruption.[7] Racetrack gambling was re-legalized in 1939. In 1953, voters approved a referendum to officially allow non-profit organizations to have bingo and raffles. In 1959, amusement games were re-legalized after a 1957 court decision had declared them to be a form of illegal gambling.[8] In 1970, 81.5% of New Jersey voted in favor of a referendum creating the New Jersey Lottery,[1] and in 1975, New Jersey initiated the Pick-It (later renamed the Pick-3), the first legal lottery game in the United States where buyers could pick their own numbers.[9]

text: In 1974, New Jersey voters voted against legalizing casino gambling statewide, but two years later approved a new referendum which legalized casinos, but restricted them to Atlantic City.[10][11] At that time, Nevada was the only state with legal casino gambling. Resorts Atlantic City was the first casino to open in 1978.[12] As part of the state's budget showdown in 2006, gambling in Atlantic City's casinos and at racetracks in the state were forced to close after it was determined that the official monitors from the New Jersey Casino Control Commission were essential and New Jersey law stated that gambling establishments could not legally operate without state oversight. The closures cost the state an estimated $1.3 million in casino revenues in addition to the loss of state taxes collected on casino employee wages.[13]

text: Sports betting[edit]

text: In January 2012, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie signed legislation allowing sports betting in New Jersey after it was approved by a 2-to-1 margin in a voter referendum held in November 2011.[14] The law permits any of the state's 12 casinos and 4 racetracks to offer gambling on professional and college sports, but prohibits them from accepting bets on college events played in New Jersey, or out-of-state games involving New Jersey college teams.[15] The New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement subsequently issued regulations for sports betting.[16]

text: The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), the National Hockey League, and Major League Baseball filed a federal lawsuit against New Jersey to prevent sports betting, based on the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 which banned sports betting in all but four states.[17] In February 2013, United States District Court judge Michael A. Shipp ruled in favor of the athletic leagues, and barred New Jersey from issuing sports betting licenses. The court ruled that under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, the regulation of gambling and the granting of a grandfather clause to four states is within Congress's power.[18][19] In September 2013, a three-judge panel from the 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals voted 2-1 to uphold Shipp's decision.[20][21][needs update] Christie said he will appeal the case to the United States Supreme Court.[22]

text: On June 27, 2017, the Supreme Court agreed to hear Christie v. National Collegiate Athletic Association.[23]. On May 14, 2018, the court issued its opinion in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (the case had been renamed due to the election of Phil Murphy as governor), ruling that the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act was unconstitutional and allowing New Jersey to move ahead with plans to implement legalized sports betting.[24]

text: Online gambling[edit]

text: In January 2011, the New Jersey Legislature passed a bill sponsored by Raymond Lesniak to allow online gambling by New Jersey residents over the age of 21.[25][26] Because the state constitution only allows casino gambling in Atlantic City,[27] the legislation specified that the computer servers operating the online gambling websites must be located at licensed casinos in Atlantic City.[25] The Lesniak bill evaded possible federal prohibitions against online gambling by authorizing the Casino Control Commission to create regulations to ensure that the bets were placed from inside New Jersey.[25][28] However, Governor Chris Christie vetoed the legislation because of concerns that "allowing customers to bet through any computer terminal left open the chance of commercial businesses such as nightclubs and cafes becoming gambling hubs around the state", and "the bill further created a legal fiction that a bet placed anywhere in New Jersey counted as an Atlantic City bet."[29]

text: In December 2011, the United States Justice Department issued a legal opinion that the Federal Wire Act only prohibited online sports betting, and not online casino games.[30] John Wefing, a constitutional scholar at Seton Hall Law School, told a state Assembly committee that he did not believe that a constitutional amendment was needed to authorize online gambling because "any online poker bet would not be completed until a server in Atlantic City accepted the wager,"[31] and "wagers are contracts, and the law recognizes that contracts occur where the final action needed to take place occurs."[32] However, State Senator Jennifer Beck has stated that online gambling cannot be legalized with the approval of New Jersey voters,[33] and several federal courts decisions have said that an online bet occurs in both the location of the website, and the location of the gambler.[34][35]

text: To address Christie's concerns, new legislation was drafted that prohibits businesses other than Atlantic City casinos from advertising online gambling, or allowing their facilities to be used for online gambling.[36][37] On February 26, 2013, a revised bill permitting Internet gambling was overwhelming approved by the New Jersey Legislature, and then signed into law by Chris Christie.[38] The law legalizes online casino gambling for a 10-year trial period, restricts the operation of the websites to Atlantic City's eleven casinos, and imposes a 15% tax on online gambling revenue, instead of the 8% currently imposed on casinos.[39][clarification needed]

text: The act requires that the gambler be at least 21 years old and play from a computer in New Jersey. The gambler's location will likely be verified through a global positioning system (GPS), and the bill allows interstate compacts to be signed in future in order to authorize multistate gambling.[39] Comps will be available, but will need to be redeemed by visiting the casino.[40] Macquarie Capital estimates that online gambling will provide Atlantic City's casino with $260 to $400 million in additional revenue per year.[41] The Casino Control Commission will create regulations for online gambling. It is unclear when online gambling licenses will be issued, or if there will be any legal challenges to the new law.[38]

text: Online casinos opened for business via a synchronized launch on November 21, 2013.[42] At launch, game options were limited, but by 2017, twelve separate online casino brands offered many hundreds of games including a wide variety that have been brought over from the traditional casino world.[43]

text: In June 2017, it was reported that the New Jersey online gambling industry surpassed over $100 Million in tax revenue.[44] The combined revenues of all online casinos in New Jersey now actually exceed the revenues of the three NJ brick & mortar casinos with the lowest revenue figures.[45]

text: Expansion of casino gambling outside Atlantic City[edit]

text: The proposed New Jersey Casino Expansion Amendment resulted from an agreement among Gov. Chris Christie and Democratic state legislators. State legislators were in deadlock over who would be allowed to own new casinos and tax revenue sharing. The measure does not say where the casinos would be allowed. Location and other matters such as tax rates would be determined by enabling legislation to be passed by the state legislature. A law passed by popular vote in 1976 gives Atlantic City a monopoly on casino gambling in New Jersey.[46][47]

text: An analysis by Fitch, a credit-rating agency, determined that as many as four of Atlantic City's eight casinos would be bankrupted by expanding casino gambling outside the city. Supporters of gambling in North Jersey say that the measure would help Atlantic City by redirecting as much as $200 million a year in tax revenue to the city. Opponents say that it is unlikely that much revenue would be generated and that it would not make up for the losses due to new competition. In recent years four Atlantic City casinos have closed, causing severe economic problems.[48][49]

text: Casino gambling[edit]

text: New Jersey currently has seven casinos, all of which are located in Atlantic City. In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes.[50] They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission and New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement.

text: Current casinos[edit]

text:
Casino
Opening Date
Theme
Hotel Rooms[51]
Section of Atlantic City

Bally's
December 29, 1979
Modern
1,749
Midtown

Borgata
July 2, 2003
Tuscany
2,767
Marina

Caesars
June 26, 1979
Roman Empire
1,141
Midtown

Golden Nugget
June 19, 1985
Gold Rush Era
727
Marina

Harrah's
November 27, 1980
Marina Waterfront
2,590
Marina

Resorts
May 28, 1978
Roaring Twenties
942
Uptown

Tropicana
November 26, 1981
Old Havana
2,078
Downbeach

Wild Wild West*
July 2, 1997
American Old West
N/A (shared with Bally's)
Midtown

tag: table

text: The Wild Wild West Casino is officially part of Bally's, but is often considered by the public to be a separate casino.

tag: ul

text: Renamed casinos[edit]

text:
Casino
hideName Change

ACH Casino Resort
Renamed Atlantic Club Casino Hotel

Atlantic City Hilton
Renamed ACH Casino Resort

Bally's Grand
Renamed The Grand

Brighton Casino
Renamed Sands Atlantic City

Del Webb's Claridge
Renamed Claridge

Golden Nugget (Original)
Renamed Bally's Grand

Harrah's at Trump Plaza
Renamed Trump Plaza

Playboy Hotel & Casino
Permanent casino license denied; renamed Atlantis Casino

The Grand
Renamed the Atlantic City Hilton

Trump's Castle
Renamed Trump Marina

Trump Marina
Renamed Golden Nugget

Revel Hotel Casino
Closed; Renamed TEN

text: Closed casinos[edit]

text:
Casino
Opening Date
Closing Date
Status of Property

Atlantis Casino
April 14, 1981
October 3, 1999
License revoked; later became the Trump World's Fair

Atlantic Club
December 12, 1980
January 13, 2014
Building and contents sold to Caesars Entertainment, Inc., slots and tables sold to Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City; currently uninhabited

The Claridge Casino and Hotel
July 20, 1981
February 2014
Merged into Bally's, then sold and reopened as a non-casino hotel

Revel
April 2, 2012
September 1, 2014
Building still standing; currently in redevelopment into Ocean Resort Casino

Sands
August 31, 1980
November 11, 2006
Building demolished; currently "Atlantic: Wonder Park"

Showboat
April 2, 1987
August 31, 2014
Reopened as a non-casino hotel/resort on July 8, 2016

Trump Plaza
May 26, 1984
September 16, 2014
Building still standing; currently uninhabited

Trump World's Fair
May 15, 1996
October 3, 1999
Building demolished; being redeveloped as BET Investments Boardwalk Development Project

Trump Taj Mahal
April 2, 1990
October 10, 2016
Building still standing; Purchased by Hard Rock Hotel & Casino

text: Canceled casinos[edit]

text:
Casino
Status of property

Camelot
Canceled; currently an empty lot

Dunes Atlantic City
Never completed; currently an empty lot

Hard Rock Casino
Canceled; currently an empty lot

Hilton (Original)
Casino license denied; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City

Le Jardin
Canceled; currently an empty lot

Margaritaville Marina Casino
Canceled; current site of Golden Nugget Atlantic City

Mirage Atlantic City
Canceled; currently an empty lot

MGM Grand Atlantic City
Canceled; currently an empty lot

Penthouse Casino
Never completed; current site of Trump Plaza's East Tower

Pinnacle Atlantic City
Canceled; currently an empty lot

Sahara Atlantic City
Canceled; currently a parking lot

text: Online Casinos[edit]

text:
Online Brand
Land-based partner
Permit
Launch Date

888 Casino
Caesars
NJIGP 15-007
November 21, 2013 [52]

Betfair
Golden Nugget
NJIGP 15-002
November 21, 2013 [53]

Borgata Casino
Borgata
NJIGP 15-001
November 21, 2013 [54]

Caesars Casino
Caesars
NJIGP 15-007
November 21, 2013 [55]

Golden Nugget Casino
Golden Nugget
NJIGP 15-002
December 13, 2013 [56]

Harrah's Casino
Caesars
NJIGP 15-007
November 21, 2013 [55]

Mohegan Sun
Resorts
NJIGP 15-008
July 20, 2015 [57]

Pala Casino
Borgata
NJIGP 15-001
November 17, 2014 [58]

PartyPoker
Borgata
NJIGP 15-001
November 21, 2013 [59]

PokerStars
Resorts
NJIGP 15-008
March 16, 2016 [60]

PlayMGM
Borgata
NJIGP 15-001
August 1, 2017 [61]

Resorts
Resorts
NJIGP 15-008
February 26, 2015 [62]

Scores Casino
Borgata
NJIGP 15-001
July 31, 2017 [63]

SugarHouse
Golden Nugget
NJIGP 15-002
September 13, 2016 [64]

Tropicana Casino
Tropicana
NJIGP 15-005
November 21, 2013 [65]

Virgin Casino
Tropicana
NJIGP 15-005
January 24, 2014 [66]

WSOP.com
Caesars
NJIGP 15-007
November 21, 2013 [67]

text: New Jersey Lottery[edit]

text: New Jersey currently has 7 types of lottery games, which are sold by retailers around the state. The games are overseen by the New Jersey Lottery Commission, and the revenue is used to award prize winners (59%), raise money for education (34%), pay commissions to retailers (6%), and cover lottery administrative cost (1%).[68]

text: Current games[edit]

text:
Game
First Sold
Frequency of Drawings

Pick-3
May 22, 1975
Twice daily

Pick-4
June 9, 1977
Twice daily

Cash 5
September 30, 1992
Once daily

Pick-6
May 9, 1980
Monday and Thursday

Mega Millions
May 26, 1999
Tuesday and Friday

Powerball
January 31, 2010
Wednesday and Saturday

Instant games (scratch-offs)
June 17, 1975
Upon purchase

text: Former games[edit]

text:
Game
Started
Ended

Lottery (original game)
December 16, 1970

5-Digit Daily Game
November 29, 1972
January 1, 1976

Lottery Bingo/Super Bingo
February 6, 1980
July 29, 1981

Lucky 7
February 3, 1990
March 10, 1990

5-Card Lotto
January 11, 1988
September 18, 1990

Lotzee
June 14, 1998
September 13, 2003

Monopoly Millionaires' Club
October 19, 2014
December 26, 2014

text: Horse racing & off-track betting[edit]

text: New Jersey currently has four racetracks and four off-track betting (OTB) halls, all of which are regulated by the New Jersey Racing Commission (an entity of the New Jersey Office of the Attorney General).[69] The state passed a law in 2013 permitting one horse race per year on a New Jersey beach, and Monmouth Park will be conducting a beach race in Atlantic City based on the Palio di Siena.[70][71]

text: Current racetracks[edit]

text:
Racetrack
Opening Date
Town

Freehold Raceway
1830s (informally)
1854 (official)
Freehold

Meadowlands Racetrack
September 1, 1976
East Rutherford

Monmouth Park Racetrack
July 30, 1870
Oceanport

text: Current off-track betting halls[edit]

text:
OTB Hall
Opening Date
Town

Favorites at Gloucester Township
July 2, 2014
Gloucester Township

Favorites at Toms River
April 29, 2008
Toms River

Favorites at Vineland
March 30, 2007
Vineland

Favorites at Woodbridge
October 17, 2007
Fords

Winners Bayonne
July 17, 2012
Bayonne

text: Former racetracks[edit]

text:
Racetrack
Opening Date
Closing Date
Town

Atlantic City Race Course
July 22, 1946
January 16, 2015
Mays Landing

Garden State Park Racetrack
July 7, 1942
May 3, 2001
Cherry Hill

text: Charity, amusement, and social gambling[edit]

text: The state of New Jersey allows charity gambling, where non-profit organizations (e.g., churches, fraternal organizations) to run bingos, raffles, casino nights, and armchair races.[72] Amusement parks, carnivals, and boardwalks in shore communities are allowed to have amusement games involving skill or chance (e.g., spinning wheels, skeeball).[73] Charity gambling and amusement games are regulated by the New Jersey Legalized Games of Chance Control Commission.

text: New Jersey permits social gambling (e.g., workplace football pool, a family poker game) insofar as the organizer of the game is on equal terms with the other participants, and does not take a cut of the gambling proceeds. Furthermore, it is never a criminal offense in New Jersey to be a player in a gambling operation.[74] However, the New Jersey Alcoholic Beverage Commission prohibits bars and other holder of liquor licenses from allowing social gambling.[75]

text: Illegal gambling[edit]

text: Each year billions of dollars of illegal gambling takes place in New Jersey.[76] Illegal gambling operations range from employees who make money on office sports betting pools to online poker websites to multimillion-dollar enterprises run by organized criminals.[77][78] Despite the availability of legal gambling in New Jersey, studies have shown that illegal gambling persists because it offers options that are not available legally (e.g., casino gambling outside of Atlantic City), and because some gamblers prefer using a bookmaker whom they personally know.[79] State law does not punish players, but a person operating an illegal gambling enterprise, or possessing equipment or records used for illegal gambling can face up to five years' imprisonment depending on the quantity and size of the bets.[80] However, illegal gambling arrests are rare in New Jersey, and there is presumption of non-incarceration for first-time offenders.[81][82]

text: Minimum age[edit]

text: A person must be 21 years of age to gamble at a casino in New Jersey.[83] It is legal for a minor to go to a casino, insofar as they do not gamble, consume alcoholic beverage, or remain on the gambling floor.[84] Underage gambling at a casino is a disorderly persons offense (misdemeanor), punishible by a $500–$1000 fine and a mandatory six-month driver's license suspension, and plea bargaining of underage gambling charges is prohibited.[85] The legal age for other forms of licensed gambling (e.g., lottery, horse race) is 18, but a person under 18 may take part in amusement games where the prize is an item (e.g., a stuffed animal), and not cash.[86] There is no minimum age for social gambling.


document_title: Hutt (Star Wars)

question_text: what is jabba the hutt's son's name

question_tokens: what is jabba the hutt 's son 's name

text: Hutt (Star Wars)

text: Ecology[edit]

text: Origins[edit]

text: This Star Wars-related article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (October 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: According to the movie, the Hutts originated on a forest planet called Varl, in a binary star system consisting of the two stars Evona and Ardos, which the Hutts worshiped as gods. According to Hutt legend, Evona was absorbed by a black hole, and Ardos collapsed on itself over grief for its mate. Since the Hutts survived the deaths of their gods, they believed they had become gods, hence their egocentrism. Scientists believe the Hutts destroyed their world in a civil war.

text: After Varl's devastation, the Hutts migrated to a planet called Evocar, and displaced the peaceful natives through canny business practices, even going so far as to evict them. The Hutts renamed their new planet Nal Hutta—"Glorious Jewel" in Huttese. Nal Hutta is the capital of Hutt Space, the species' empire. The primary moon of Nal Hutta is Nar Shaddaa.

text: Before the establishment of the Old Republic, the Hutts were the dominant species in the galaxy, although they never built up an extensive empire; their dominance focused instead on trade and economic empires.

text: Physiology[edit]

text: Adult Hutts are shaped rather like extremely large shell-less gastropods (up to one thousand kilograms) with stubby arms, no rear limbs and numerous redundant internal organs. Locomotion is through a series of rippling contractions akin to a slug's locomotion. In the novelization of Return of the Jedi, it is mentioned that Hutts are born bipedal, but their "rump legs" fused together over time due to lack of movement. Hutts are naturally long-lived, with a lifespan of up to a thousand years, reproducing asexually and nursing their young in pouches not unlike marsupials. An infant Hutt, known as a Huttlet, is the size of an orange when born, and lives in the parent's pouch for five decades before becoming "fully developed." Adolescents become adults when they reach the age of 130 years. Though traditionally referred to as males, all members of the species are hermaphroditic; personality type and gender roles are assumed voluntarily, or upon a viewer's deduction. Upon becoming pregnant, Hutts are referred to as female, although some Hutts do not accept this and choose to retain their masculine persona, whereas others alternate between male and female character.[2]

text: Hutt skin is extremely thick, and when combined with their redundant organs and tough flesh, can result in Hutts being able to survive direct blaster fire hits. Hutts are also inedible by most life forms, including Sarlacci, resistant to the Force due to their unique thought patterns, and are able to see the ultraviolet and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.[2]

text: Society[edit]

text: Nal Hutta is ruled by the Clans of the Ancients, which is composed of leaders of the eldest clans on Nal Hutta. Many Hutts leave their home world to form kajidics, or criminal empires, under the control of the Clan. Hutts hold their families in very high regard except when leadership of the clan is available and will kill members of their families for personal advancement.

text: If a non-Hutt kills a Hutt, then it will usually result in a death-mark, or bounty, being put on the offending party. Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, and Princess Leia were the most famous recipients in their role in the death of Jabba the Hutt. The death mark against them lasted for about ten years before it was removed by Durga the Hutt during the Darksaber incident. Hutt grudges last a very long time, however, and the deathmark was reinstated by others after Durga's death.

text: Hutts do not generally reveal their family names to non-Hutts. Close subordinates, such as counselors, are very familiar with Huttese clan politics as they must be to advise and orchestrate attacks and business well; as such only a few Hutt clans are known by name. The two most prominent are Desilijic, the Clan of Jabba the Hutt, and Besadii, one of the most powerful before the death of Durga the Hutt.

text: Huttese language[edit]

text: The Hutts' native language, Huttese, is a lingua franca of galactic organized crime.

text: The language is a constructed language, with many distorted English words, most having the same syllables as the English. Its phonology is said to be based on the Quechua language.[3]

text: Not only the Hutts speak Huttese. For example, all of the singers in the Max Rebo Band sing in Huttese. Bib Fortuna a non-Hutt but who works for Jabba the Hutt and many gangsters in the Star Wars galaxy also speak the language for economical purposes. C-3PO the protocol droid who is fluent in over 6 million forms of communication can also comprehend and speak fluent Huttese as seen in the films.

text: Notable Hutts[edit]

text: Arok the Hutt[edit]

text: Arok was a masculine Hutt of the Hutt Grand Council, the ruling council on Nal Hutta, who discussed the decision about Ziro Desilijic Tiure's release. He was also present when Darth Maul and the Shadow Collective launched an attack on the Council's chambers. Arok had a smoking habit. He eventually became the leader of his Kajidic and earned a spot on the Clans of the Ancients.

text: Aruk the Hutt[edit]

text: Aruk Besadii Aora or Aruk the Hutt was a Hutt crime lord and former leader of the Besadii kajidic.[4] He was a physically large Hutt and refused to take orders from anybody. Aruk is the father of Durga Besadii Tai and when Durga was born with a large birthmark on his face, other Hutts told Aruk that he was impure and not worthy of being called a Hutt and implored him to kill his son, but Aruk was fond of the child and sensed that he would grow up to be a cunning and ruthless Hutt—the perfect heir to his criminal empire. He also threatened to murder all who wished Durga killed and began to raise his child himself. Aruk provided Durga with a good education and he eventually became his father's apprentice. Aruk was considered by many as an "Old Fashioned Hutt"; one reason was because Jabba's fascination with scantily-clad humanoid females disgusted him and the other was his unwavering belief in the power of the Besadii kajidic. Aruk was killed when Teroenza poisoned his supply of nala tree frogs which he liked eating.

text: Beldorion the Hutt[edit]

text: Beldorion was a Hutt who trained to be a Jedi (Planet of Twilight) sometime before the Clone Wars (the only known Huttese Jedi). Beldorion journeyed to Nam Chorios with his fellow Jedi Taselda, ostensibly to investigate the Theran movement. When he arrived, Beldorion sensed that Nam Chorios itself was a potent nexus for the power of the Force. Therefore, Beldorion stayed and established himself as ruler of the planet, struggling for power with Taselda, who was also drawn in by Chorios' power. Beldorion became a pawn of the humanoid droch Dzym. He gave himself such titles as "Beldorion of the Ruby Eyes" and "Beldorion the Splendid." With the Force and Dzym's help, Beldorion remained strong and youthful, his body all muscle, avoiding the corpulence and immobility of most Hutts his age. However, at the onset of the Clone Wars, Supreme Chancellor Palpatine used special emergency powers to send Seti Ashgad to Nam Chorios in a political expansionist movement. Seeing that Beldorion the Hutt had no real interest in ruling Nam Chorios so long as his desires were satisfied, Ashgad rose to become the planet's unofficial ruler. But Ashgad soon realized that Beldorion had only been a figurehead for a more insidious figure, Dzym.

text: About thirteen years after the Battle of Yavin, Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa Solo traveled to Nam Chorios to meet with Ashgad. While there, Leia was taken prisoner and met Beldorion. While he held her captive, Beldorion told her stories of the ancient Jedi Masters such as Thon and Yoda, whose power he admired, if not their principles. Leia eventually escaped with Luke to disrupt Ashgad and Dzym's plan to unleash a plague throughout the sector. During the attempt to stop Ashgad, Leia was attacked by Beldorion. The old Hutt was all muscle and fire, and attacked with his lightsaber with astonishing quickness. Although Leia had not been trained extensively in lightsaber combat, she did have combat training and a keen insight into the flow of the Force and was able to defeat Beldorion.[5][6]

text: Borga the Hutt[edit]

text: Borga Besadii Diori or Borga the Hutt was the mother of the late Randa Besadii Diori and guardian of Gardulla the Younger and Decca Besadii Diori. She took control of the Besadii kajidic after Durga's death. During the Yuuzhan Vong War, she negotiated a truce between the Hutts and the Yuuzhan Vong to let the Hutts have a portion of some of their space. Although the truce was successful, little did Borga know, the Yuuzhan Vong would end up betraying her. Later, Borga negotiated with the New Republic to sell the information on the invaders' next attack. When the Yuuzhan Vong found out, they immediately attacked Hutt space. Borga led the Hutt defenses of Nal Hutta however she was no match for the Yuuzhan Vong who conquered Hutt Space, forcing a large number of Hutts to move to Tatooine. Borga and many other Hutts, however, remained on Nal Hutta as prisoners. She tried to persuade the Yuuzhan Vong to release her and her fellow captives but she was coldly turned away.

text: Durga the Hutt[edit]

text: His Great Obesity, Durga Besadii Tai or Durga the Hutt was a Hutt and the successor of Aruk as head of the Besadii kajidic. Note also that he captured the Death Star's engineer and "hired" him to build him his own superlaser mechanism, which, before being destroyed in Hoth's asteroid belt, was known as Darksaber. A notable feature of Durga is his green birthmark that stretches along the side of his face.

text: Gardulla the Hutt[edit]

text: Gradulla Besadii Diori or Gardulla the Hutt, later known as Gardulla the Elder or Gardulla the Besadii Elder, was one of the Hutt crime lords of Tatooine. Her assistant is Diva Funquita. She is best known for buying Shmi and Anakin Skywalker, then losing them to Watto, a junk dealer, whilst betting on the pod-races. Gardulla is a sometimes rival of Jabba the Hutt and appears briefly as his guest at the Podrace scene in The Phantom Menace. Gardulla also sponsors Podracers, including Gasgano. After the Boonta Eve Classic, Gardulla offered Watto a substantial sum to regain ownership of Anakin, but the Toydarian had already lost the boy to Qui-Gon Jinn.

text: Gardulla attempted to feed Jango Fett to her personal Krayt dragon, but was in turn killed by the bounty hunter by being pushed into the Krayt dragon's lair and devoured after being interrogated for information on the Bando Gora cult. Gardulla has a son, Gardulla the Younger and a daughter, Decca Besadii Diori.

text: Gorga the Hutt[edit]

text: Gorga Desilijic Aarrpo or Gorga the Hutt, is the nephew of Jabba the Hutt. He was referenced in the game Star Wars Bounty Hunter, posting several secondary bounties. Gorga was extremely angry at Big Gizz and Spiker, former Swoop riders for Jabba, dropped Jabba's urns on him and was very horrified and displeased that his uncle's ashes had blown away. While on Tatooine, a feminine natured Hutt named Anachro the H'uun caught Gorga's eye. Gorga found her to be beautiful. Unfortunately for him, Anachro was the daughter of Orko the H'uun, an enemy of his. Gorga hired Boba Fett to kill Bar-Kooda, a pirate kingpin that had been harassing Orko's freighters. Fett succeeded, and Gorga, Anachro, and Orko celebrated Gorga and Anachro's impending nuptials by eating Bar-Kooda's corpse. When Anachro was captured by slavers, Gorga hired Boba Fett to find her but Orko accused Gorga of staging her kidnapping and nearly tore each other apart, however Fett brought Anachro back safely and although, the both of them made a public apology towards the other, Gorga still despised his father-in-law.

text: Gorga later hired Fett once more to assassinate Orko, but when it was revealed Anachro was pregnant, he called off the assassination. However, Ry-Kooda, Bar-Kooda's brother, had murdered Orko in a particularly brutal fashion. Anachro accused Gorga of the murder, and in grief left him. Ry-Kooda then tried to kill Anachro but Gorga stopped him and Boba Fett ultimately killed Ry-Kooda. The excitement caused Anachro to give birth and the both of them reconciled and got back together.

text: High Exaltedness Kossak[edit]

text: Kossak the Hutt is a powerful businessman said to have lived around the same time as Xim the Despot and was directly responsible for Xim's defeat at The Third Battle of Vontor. What is known of this is that Kossak the Hutt had tricked the Klatooinians,Weequays,Vodrans and the Nikto into signing themselves into virtual slavery and that it was Kossak that used the Vodrans and Klatooinians during the final battle that ended the reign of Xim The Despot.

text: Jabba the Hutt[edit]

text: Jabba the Hutt is an antagonist who first appeared on film in Return of the Jedi, though was later added to the special edition of Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. Jabba was originally portrayed by an immense latex puppet, but in later releases he is a computer-generated image (CGI). His assistant is Bib Fortuna. Besides the films, Jabba the Hutt is featured in Star Wars literature and is sometimes referenced by his full name, Jabba Desilijic Tiure.[7] Jabba also appears in the computer game Star Wars Galaxies.

text: He is a 600-year-old Hutt crime lord and gangster who employs a retinue of criminals, bounty hunters, smugglers, assassins, and bodyguards to operate his criminal empire. Jabba the Hutt's palace on the desert planet Tatooine is a former monastery for a group of mystics known as the B'omarr monks. There, he keeps a host of entertainers, slaves, droids, and alien creatures at his disposal. Jabba has a grim sense of humor, a bellicose laugh, an insatiable appetite, and an affinity for gambling, slave girls, torture, and has a pet rancor at the "basement" of his Palace.

text: The character was incorporated into the Star Wars merchandising campaign that corresponded with the theatrical release of Return of the Jedi. Jabba the Hutt's image has since played an influential role in popular culture, particularly in the United States. His name is used as a satirical literary device and a political caricature to underscore negative qualities such as suffering from morbid obesity and corruption.[8][9]

text: Queen Jool[edit]

text: Queen Jool or Jool the Hutt was the Hutt owner of Rik's Cantina on Coruscant. She lived in a swamp below the bar. Her left eye had been replaced by a jeweled and feathered cybernetic implant that allowed her to observe the cantina's doings. Aside from owning and operating the bar, she was also a sly information broker. Jool was a suave and flirtatious Hutt. She is an ally of Cade Skywalker.

text: Vogga the Hutt[edit]

text: Vogga the Hutt is a Huttese businessman based on Nar Shaddaa who specialized in fuel—specifically high-grade fuel suitable for, among other things, Citadel Station. Like all Hutts, he technically is a hermaphrodite, but generally has a masculine personality. His first and only appearance is in Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords. He enjoys watching scantily-clad female dancers, though this always puts him to sleep. One of the Jedi Exile's companions can dance for him; this is confirmed.

text: After the Jedi Exile inadvertently caused the destruction of the Peragus II mining facilities, the biggest competitor to Vogga's importing of fuel from Sleheyron, Vogga began attempting to take advantage of the sudden shortage of fuel. G0-T0 opposed the Hutt's business plan. In retaliation, Vogga hired a considerable number of bounty hunters (like Hanharr) and bribed a number of G0-T0's underlings (like Visquis). The Exile took advantage of this when he registered the Ebon Hawk as a freighter of Vogga's; unsurprisingly, this resulted in G0-T0 intercepting the freighter, whereupon the Exile caused G0-T0's yacht to decloak. Vogga's waiting vessels promptly blew it out of space. Vogga further won in that following the destruction of G0-T0's yacht, the Jedi Exile arranged for shipment of fuel to Telos.

text: Zorba the Hutt[edit]

text: Zorba Desilijic Tiure or Zorba the Hutt is the father of Jabba the Hutt.[10] He did not immediately learn of his son's death because he was imprisoned on the planet Kip. Zorba resembled his son, though he had long, white hair braids and a white beard. All of Jabba's possessions were bequeathed to Zorba, including the desert palace on Tatooine. He blamed Princess Leia Organa Solo for the murder of his son Jabba. Zorba then challenged Lando in a game of sabacc and won Cloud City. Lando soon won back Cloud City in a future game. In one instance Zorba was referred to as 'Koztas'.

text: Grappa the Hutt[edit]

text: Grappa the Hutt appears in the Crimson Empire novels. He is in league with the Black Sun criminal gang and Itha spectral-like species known as the Zanibar. He first appears looking like Tarrant Snil and like Jabba appears to enjoy the company of slave female humanoids and big parties. However he is quick to lose his temper and ends up killing not only a Zanibar but a spokesman from the Black Sun. He allows both Mirth Sinn and her ex-lieutenant Massimo to be sacrificed to the Zanibar. Kir Kanos saves Mirth Sinn but Massimo is less lucky. Grappa was also scared when he received a telecom of a figure known as The Faceless One. After the Black Sun guards sent assassins after him, Grappa fled only to be caught by the Zanibar when he couldn't pay them the money he owed them. He was taken to be sacrificed on their homeworld of Xo.

text: Korpa the Hutt[edit]

text: Korpa the Hutt is cousin of Vogga the Hutt. He is a small-time crime lord, trying to take over his cousin's businesses. Following a starship duel with his would-be assassin in the twin system of Dva Lokwanya, he lands on a small planet Okopania, meeting with bounty hunter Ser Onja to arrange the assassination of Vogga. Receiving a payment of rare G'ovna crystals, Ser Onja doublecrosses Korpa, sabotaging his ship to explode on takeoff.

text: Rotta the Huttlet[edit]

text: Rotta Desilijic Tiure or Rotta the Huttlet is Jabba's 10-year-old son, appearing in The Clone Wars animated movie. He was kidnapped by the Separatists, but returned to Jabba by the Republic although Jabba was convinced by Dooku that the Jedi kidnapped his son.

text: Ziro the Hutt[edit]

text: Ziro Desilijic Tiure or Ziro the Hutt was the uncle of Jabba the Hutt and the owner of a club on Coruscant. In the events of the Clone Wars animated movie and series, Ziro was part of a failed plot with Count Dooku to kidnap Rotta the Huttlet in a plan to frame the Jedi and seize power from Jabba. When the plan failed as the result of Padmé Amidala's meddling, Ziro was imprisoned after being forced to admit his part in Rotta's abduction. From his cell he attempted to seek revenge by sending an assassin after Padmé, the scheme backfiring on him when the assassin is caught. Later, because he possessed a book detailing the shady actions of the Hutt Council, Ziro was released by Cad Bane and brought before the Hutts. Ziro was freed from the Hutt prison by Sy Snootles, but then killed by her, as well, once he had led her to the book, which she had been hired to acquire by Jabba.

text: Ziro, being one of the few Hutts to speak in English/Basic, is voiced by Corey Burton with a lispy southern drawl modeled on the voice of Truman Capote.

text: Mama the Hutt[edit]

text: Mama the Hutt is the mother of Ziro the Hutt and Zorba the Hutt. She lives alone on Nal Hutta, and as Ziro says, her home is the one place Gardulla would never show up. She is much larger than any average Hutt. So large in fact, that she towers over other Hutts. She appears in Star Wars: The Clone Wars in the episode "Hunt for Ziro". Ziro visits her after many years of not speaking to her and borrows her starship. Later Cad Bane and Todo 360 charge into her home and force her to tell them where Ziro's heading. And finally, Jedi Masters Obi-Wan Kenobi and Quinlan Vos break down her door and ask her where Ziro went.

text: Juvard Illip Oggurobb[edit]

text: Juvard the Hutt, commonly known as Doctor Oggurobb, entire name is Juvard Illip Oggurobb, is a masculine Hutt doctor during the Second Great Galactic War who served the Hutt Cartel during Toborro the Hutt's occupation of Makeb in 3,640 BBY.

text: Parodies[edit]

text: Due to his large stature and unusual look, Jabba has been parodied many times

text: Pizza the Hutt, a character in the film Spaceballs, is a parody of the Hutts which appear in Star Wars.


document_title: Yellowstone (U.S. TV series)

question_text: where is the show yellowstone supposed to be

text: Yellowstone (U.S. TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Yellowstone follows "the Dutton family, led by John Dutton, who controls the largest contiguous ranch in the United States, under constant attack by those it borders — land developers, an Indian reservation, and America’s first National Park. It is an intense study of a violent world far from media scrutiny — where land grabs make developers billions, and politicians are bought and sold by the world’s largest oil and lumber corporations. Where drinking water poisoned by fracking wells and unsolved murders are not news: they are a consequence of living in the new frontier. It is the best and worst of America seen through the eyes of a family that represents both."[1]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Kevin Costner as John Dutton, the 6th generation patriarch of the Dutton family which controls the largest contiguous ranch in the United States. He is confronted with challenge of defending his land from those who would seek to take it from him while also overcoming the recent death of his son and a recent diagnosis of colon cancer. Josh Lucas portrays a young John Dutton in a recurring role.
Luke Grimes as Kayce Dutton, a former US Navy SEAL and one of John and Evelyn's sons. He lives on the local Indian reservation with his wife and son. Rhys Alterman portrays a young Kayce in a recurring role.
Kelly Reilly as Beth Dutton, a financier and the daughter of John and Evelyn. She is educated, highly intelligent, and a master manipulator. She is also, however, very unstable and suffers from a substance abuse problem. Kylie Rogers portrays a young Beth in a recurring role.
Wes Bentley as Jamie Dutton, an attorney, aspiring politician, and one of John and Evelyn's sons. Although completely loyal to his father and family, he is constantly frustrated at the current state of his family. He also has an intense love/hate relationship with his sister Beth.
Cole Hauser as Rip Wheeler, the ranch foreman at Yellowstone and John's right-hand man and enforcer. Rip has worked on the ranch for many years and is fiercely loyal to John. He has an on-again, off-again relationship with Beth.
Kelsey Asbille as Monica Dutton, Kayce's Native American wife with whom he lives on the local reservation. She is a teacher at the school on the local Indian reservation.
Brecken Merrill as Tate Dutton, the son of Kayce and Monica and John's only grandchild.
Jefferson White as Jimmy Hurdstrom, a ranch hand at Yellowstone.
Danny Huston as Dan Jenkins, a land developer with aspirations of building on parts of Yellowstone.
Gil Birmingham as Chief Thomas Rainwater, the chief of the nearby Indian reservation.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Wendy Moniz as Governor Lynelle Perry, the Governor of Montana.
Ian Bohen as Ryan, a cowboy wrangler
Denim Richards as Colby, a cowboy wrangler
Forrie J. Smith as Lloyd
Atticus Todd as Ben Waters
Timothy Carhart as A.G. Stewart
Luke Peckinpah as Fred Meyers
Tokala Black Elk as Sam Stands Alone
Walter C. Taylor III as Emmett Walsh
Fredric Lehne as Carl Reynolds
Rudy Ramos as Felix Long
Savonna Spracklin as Alice Wahl
Robert Mirabal as Principle Littlefield
Heather Hemmens as Melody Prescott
John Aylward as Father Bob
Morningstar Angeline as Samantha Long
Bill Tangradi as Alan Keene
Michael Nouri as Bob Schwartz
Gretchen Mol as Evelyn Dutton, the late wife of John Dutton and mother to Kayce, Beth, Jamie, and Lee.
Ryan Bingham as Walker
Michaela Conlin as Sarah Nguyen
Barret Swatek as Victoria Jenkins, the wife of Dan Jenkins.
Golden Brooks  as Geraldine Rainwater, wife of Thomas Rainwater.

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Dave Annable as Lee Dutton ("Daybreak")
Jill Hennessy as Senator Huntington ("Daybreak"), an ally of Chief Rainwater.
Jeremiah Bitsui as Robert Long ("Daybreak")
Geno Segers as Danny Trudeau ("No Good Horses")
Taylor Sheridan as Travis Wheatley ("Coming Home")
Ryan Bingham as Walker ("Coming Home")
Tinsel Korey as Emily Sessions ("A Monster Is Among Us")
Mike Faiola as Dr. Fielding ("A Monster Is Among Us")
Brian Unger as Dr. Stafford ("A Monster Is Among Us")

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.Title [2]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date [2]U.S. viewers(millions)1"Daybreak"Taylor SheridanStory by : Taylor Sheridan & John Linson Teleplay by : Taylor SheridanJune 20, 2018 (2018-06-20)2.83[3]
2"Kill the Messenger"Taylor SheridanStory by : Taylor Sheridan & John Linson Teleplay by : Taylor SheridanJune 27, 2018 (2018-06-27)2.07[4]
3"No Good Horses"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanJuly 11, 2018 (2018-07-11)2.17[5]
4"The Long Black Train"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanJuly 18, 2018 (2018-07-18)1.89[6]
5"Coming Home"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanJuly 25, 2018 (2018-07-25)1.95[7]
6"The Remembering"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanAugust 1, 2018 (2018-08-01)2.10[8]
7"A Monster Is Among Us"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanAugust 8, 2018 (2018-08-08)2.08[9]
8"The Unravelling: Pt. 1"TBATBAAugust 15, 2018 (2018-08-15)TBD
9"The Unravelling: Pt. 2"TBATBAAugust 22, 2018 (2018-08-22)TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In 2013, Taylor Sheridan began work on the series, having recently grown tired of acting and begun writing screenplays. Having lived in the rural parts of states such as Texas and Wyoming, Sheridan purposely set the series in Montana and went about writing the first scripts in Livingston.[10]

text: On May 3, 2017, it was announced that the Paramount Network had greenlit its first scripted series, Yellowstone. Paramount issued a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes. The series was set to be written, directed, and executive-produced by Sheridan. Other executive producers were to include John Linson, Art Linson, Harvey Weinstein, and David Glasser. Production companies involved with the series were set to consist of Linson Entertainment and The Weinstein Company.[1]

text: On October 12, 2017, it was announced that following reports of sexual abuse allegations against producer Harvey Weinstein, his name would be removed from the series' credits as would The Weinstein Company as well.[11] On January 15, 2018, Kevin Kay, president of Paramount Network, clarified during the annual Television Critics Association's winter press tour that Yellowstone will not have The Weinstein Company's credits or logo on them, even though that company was involved in production. Furthermore, he stated that their intent is to replace Weinstein Television with the company’s new name in the show's credits when available.[12] That same day, it was also announced that the series would premiere on June 20, 2018.[13]

text: On July 24, 2018, it was announced that Paramount Network had renewed the series for a second season.[14]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On May 15, 2017, it was announced that Kevin Costner had been cast in the series lead role of John Dutton.[15] In June 2017, it was reported that Luke Grimes, Cole Hauser, Wes Bentley, and Kelly Reilly had joined the cast as series regulars.[16][17] On July 13, 2017, it was announced that Kelsey Asbille had been cast in a main role.[18] In August 2017, it was reported that Dave Annable, Gil Birmingham, and Jefferson White had been added to the main cast while Wendy Moniz, Gretchen Mol, Jill Hennessy, Patrick St. Esprit, Ian Bohen, Denim Richards, and Golden Brooks were joining the cast in a recurring capacity.[19][20][21][22] In November 2017, it was announced that Michaela Conlin and Josh Lucas had been added to the cast in recurring roles.[23][24] On December 19, 2017, it was reported that Heather Hemmens was joining the cast in a recurring capacity.[25] On June 13, 2018, it was announced that Barret Swatek had been cast in a recurring role.[26]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for the series began in August 2017 at the Chief Joseph Ranch in Darby, Montana, which stands in as the home of John Dutton. Filming also took place that month near Park City, Utah. The production used all three soundstages at the Utah Film Studio in Park City, which is a total of 45,000 square feet. The building also houses offices, editing, a huge wardrobe department and construction shops. By November 2017, the series had filmed in more than twenty locations in Utah, including the Salt Flats and Spanish Fork. Additionally, filming also took place at various locations in Montana. Production was reportedly set to last until December 2017.[27][28]

text: Release[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On February 28, 2018, a teaser trailer for the series was released.[29] On April 26, 2018, the first full trailer was released.[30]

text: Premiere[edit]

text: On June 25, 2018, the series held a screening at Seriesfest, an annual international television festival, at the Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, Colorado.[31][32]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The series has been met with a mixed response from critics upon its premiere. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a 50% approval rating with an average rating of 5.86 out of 10 based on 34 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Yellowstone proves too melodramatic to be taken seriously, diminishing the effects of the talented cast and beautiful backdrops."[33] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 53 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[34]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The two-hour series premiere of Yellowstone averaged 2.8 million viewers in live + same day and became the most-watched original scripted series telecast ever on Paramount Network (or its predecessor Spike). The premiere audience grows to nearly 4 million when the two encore airings of the premiere are factored in. The premiere audience more than doubled that of Paramount Network’s first scripted drama series, Waco and more than tripled the debut viewership of Paramount Network's new comedy series, American Woman.[35] It was later reported that the premiere's Live+3 Nielsen ratings revealed that 4.8 million viewers ultimately watched the premiere after delayed viewing was factored in.[36] By the series' third episode, it was reported that the show had become the second most watched television series on ad-supported cable to air in 2018, only behind AMC's The Walking Dead.[37]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Daybreak"

June 20, 2018
0.4
2.83[3]
0.5
2.48
0.9
5.31[38]

2

"Kill the Messenger"

June 27, 2018
0.3
2.07[4]
0.4
2.22
0.7
4.29[39][a]

3

"No Good Horses"

July 11, 2018
0.4
2.17[5]
0.5
3.05
0.9
5.22[40]

4

"The Long Black Train"

July 18, 2018
0.3
1.89[6]
0.5
2.75
0.8
4.64[41]

5

"Coming Home"

July 25, 2018
0.3
1.95[7]
0.6
3.03
0.9
4.98[42]

6

"The Remembering"

August 1, 2018
0.4
2.10[8]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

7

"A Monster Is Among Us"

August 8, 2018
0.4
2.08[9]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead.

tag: ol


document_title: List of Peppa Pig characters

question_text: the name of the elephant in peppa pig

question_tokens: the name of the elephant in peppa pig

text: List of Peppa Pig characters

text: The Pigs[edit]

text:
Peppa Pig (voiced by Lily Snowden-Fine in series 1, Cecily Bloom in series 2, and Harley Bird in series 3-present) – A pig who is the main character. Peppa's hobbies include jumping in muddy puddles, playing with her teddy bear, Teddy, going to playgroup, and playing dress up. Peppa is four years old as shown in the episode My Birthday Party. She wears a red dress.
George Pig (voiced by Oliver and Alice May) – Peppa's younger brother. George is often seen in possession of his toy dinosaur, named "Mr. Dinosaur", but due to George's limited vocabulary, he pronounces it as "dine saur," which was given to him as a present by Grandpa and Granny Pig when he was born, as shown in the episode The Olden Days. George is two years old as shown in the episode George's Birthday. He is the only one in Peppa's playgroup whose name does not start with the same letter as his species. Also, in the series, he is referred to as just "George". He skipped a grade[dubious  – discuss] and is now a member of Peppa's class despite being only two years old. He wears a blue shirt.
Mummy Pig (voiced by Morwenna Banks) – Mummy Pig is Peppa and George's mother. She is home employed and works on a computer.[1] She also worked as a volunteer firefighter with the Mummies' Fire Service in series 3, she also has skill in literacy and worked as an author in season 5.
Daddy Pig (voiced by Richard Ridings) – Daddy Pig is Peppa and George's father. He works as an architectural engineer,[1] as shown in the episode "The New House". He wears glasses due to his poor eyesight. Unlike Mummy Pig's parents, Grandpa Pig and Granny Pig, Daddy Pig's parents have never been shown or heard of in the series. Daddy Pig also shows signs of illiteracy and has issues with map reading. Despite this,  he retains his jolly and never lets anything get him down, even when Mr. Potato openly insults him on his TV show, which the whole town appears to watch.
Grandpa Pig (voiced by Brian Blessed in early series, David Graham in later series) — Grandpa Pig is Mummy Pig's father. Although the two bicker and fight in a few episodes, he's best friends with Granddad Dog. He has a trackless train named Gertrude, and calling it a toy train quickly angers him, claiming that "Gertrude is not a toy, she is a miniature locomotive!". He loves sailing and gardening. Some garden features, however, such as chickens eating his lettuces, blackberry bushes looking at him, garden gnomes, and plastic wells tend to anger him.
Granny Pig (voiced by Frances White) – Granny Pig is Mummy Pig's mother. She is a fan of perfume. She grows apples in an orchard near her house along with vegetables in her own garden next to her house.
Uncle Pig (voiced by John Sparkes) – Uncle Pig is Daddy Pig's brother, and is Auntie Pig's husband and Chloe and Alexander's father. He has a "big tummy", like Daddy Pig. He has yet to appear in series 5.
Auntie Pig (voiced by Alison Snowden in series 1–2 and Judy Flynn in series 3–4) – Auntie Pig is Uncle Pig's wife and Chloe and Alexander's mother. She has yet to appear in series 5.
Chloe Pig (voiced by Eloise May in series 1–2, Abigail Daniels in series 3–4 and Zara Siddiqi in series 4) – Chloe is Peppa and George's cousin, and Alexander's older sister. Her best friends are Belinda Bear and Simon Squirrel, and they like to tease Peppa. She is 8 years old[citation needed], and wears a yellow dress. Since she is older than the other kids, she doesn't go to Peppa's playgroup and instead presumably goes to a different school. She has yet to appear in series 5.
Baby Alexander (voiced by Oliver May in series 2, Harley Bird in series 3 and Minnie Driver in series 4) – Alexander is Chloe's baby brother and Peppa and George's baby cousin. His first word was "puddle", taught to him by Peppa. He has yet to appear in series 5.
Auntie Dottie Pig— Auntie Dottie is Peppa and George's aunt who sent a toy horse, which Peppa and George call "Horsey Twinkle Toes". It is unknown what she looks like and does not have a voice actor since she is only mentioned and never seen or heard. It is unknown what side of the family she is on, since all is said about her is that she lives far away in another country.

text: The Rabbits[edit]

text:
Rebecca Rabbit (voiced by Hazel Rudd in series 1, Bethan Lindsay in series 2, Alice May in series 3–4, and Arisha Couhdhury in series 5) – Rebecca is Peppa's friend from playgroup. She is the older sister of Richard and their twin baby sister and brother, Rosie and Robbie. She wears a turquoise dress.
Richard Rabbit (voiced by Zoe Baker in the UK; and Chloe Dolandis on Tickle-U[2]) – Rebecca's younger brother and the twins' big brother. He is George's best friend. He wears a dark blue shirt
Miss Rabbit (voiced by Sarah Ann Kennedy) – Miss Rabbit appears to have many jobs at the same time, including bus driver, supermarket assistant, librarian, helicopter pilot, firefighter, ice cream seller, shoe shop assistant, nurse, ticket seller, and more, but she loves her jobs. She is Mummy Rabbit's twin sister, and is Rebecca, Richard, Rosie, and Robbie's aunt. She wears a yellow dress, like her twin sister. Some people think there is more than one Miss Rabbit but this has not been said in the show, possibly because seeing many Miss Rabbits at the same time would be confusing for kids.
Mummy Rabbit (also voiced by Sarah Ann Kennedy) – Rebecca's, Richard's, Rosie's and Robbie's mother. She is also Miss Rabbit's twin sister.
Daddy Rabbit a.k.a. Mr. Rabbit (voiced by John Sparkes) – Rebecca's, Richard's, and the twins' father. He works with Daddy Pig and Mrs Cat in a top floor office. He appears to be a station master, manager of the museum and ice cream seller in some episodes. He has a Welsh accent, which is a pun on Welsh rarebit.
Grampy Rabbit (voiced by Brian Blessed) – Grampy Rabbit can play the banjo and runs a boat yard as shown in "Grampy Rabbit's Boatyard".
Rosie and Robbie Rabbit – Rebecca's and Richard's younger siblings who are twins. They were born in the episode "Mummy Rabbit's Bump"

text: The Sheep[edit]

text:
Suzy Sheep (voiced by Meg Hall in the UK version from series 1–4, Ava Lovell from series 5-present in the UK, and Elaine Torres[3] on the short-lived American version that aired on Tickle-U) – Suzy is Peppa's best friend. She wears a pink dress and has an imaginary friend named Leo Lion in one episode. In some episodes she wears a nurse costume. She is allegedly bossy and keeps telling people what to do but she thinks Peppa is the one who is telling people what to do. She is the only kid in the show who does not have a dad that is mentioned or seen.
Mummy Sheep (voiced by Debbie MacDonald) – Mummy Sheep is the mother of Suzy. She wears a dark pink dress. She is friends with Mummy Pig.

text: The Cats[edit]

text:
Candy Cat (voiced by Daisy Rudd in series 1, Emma Weston in series 2, Zara Siddiqi in series 3–4, and Madison Turner in series 5) – Candy is one of Peppa's friends. She wears a turquoise dress.
Mrs. Cat a.k.a. Mummy Cat (voiced by Morwenna Banks in series 2 and Leila Farzad in series 3–4) – Mrs. Cat is the mother of Candy and a co-worker of Daddy Pig. She is 33 according to the episode "Dr Hamster's Tortoise". She wears a light red dress. In "Daddy Pig's Office", it's revealed her job is graphic designing.
Mr. Cat a.k.a. Daddy Cat – Mr. Cat is the father of Candy. He is often seen in series 3 and 4. He wears an indigo shirt and has dark fur.

text: The Dogs[edit]

text:
Danny Dog (voiced by George Woolford in series 1–2, Jadon Mills in series 3–4 and Joshua Morris in series 5) – Danny is one of Peppa's friends. He wears purple clothes and has dark brown fur.
Mummy Dog a.k.a. Mrs. Dog (voiced by Debbie MacDonald in series 1, Claire Waxler in series 2, and Judy Flynn in series 4 & 5) – Mummy Dog is the mother of Danny Dog.
Granddad Dog (voiced by David Rintoul) – Granddad Dog is the grandfather of Danny Dog and the father of Captain Dog. He is a mechanic and is very good at fixing cars. Even though they sometimes bicker about whose boat is better, Granddad Dog and Grandpa Pig are best friends. Like Grampy Rabbit, his wife has never been shown, so he might be a widower.
Daddy Dog a.k.a. Captain Dog (voiced by Alexander Armstrong) – Captain Dog is the father of Danny Dog. He was once a sailor and sea captain who traveled the world to make his fortune and thus was gone from home for most of the series. He was one of the last characters make his debut on the show, not appearing until the middle of series four when he retires from sailing and returns home to be with his family. Despite being retired, he often misses his life as a sailor.

text: The Ponies[edit]

text:
Pedro Pony (voiced by Harrison Oldroyd in series 1–2, Stanley Nickless in series 3–4, Sammy Price in "The Golden Boots" and "Around the World with Peppa," and Rohal Soomro in series 5) – Pedro is one of Peppa's friends. He wears black eyeglasses and yellow clothes. Characterized by his love for sleep, Pedro can be occasionally forgetful or clumsy and slow to catch on but is otherwise knowledgeable in his areas of interest and always friendly. In many episodes he is late for playgroup. Peppa once kissed Pedro in her school's play (from "School Play"). He is known for often wearing the wrong costume, as in the episode "Gym Class," where he wears a superhero costume instead of his gym costume. He also is often found wearing a cowboy costume. He is the only kid in Peppa's playgroup who wears glasses -before Molly Mole debuts-.
Mummy Pony a.k.a. Mrs. Pony (voiced by Kate Gribble in series 1, Madeleine Moore in series 2, Layla Lewis in series 2, Jemima Williams in series 3, Leila Farzad in series 4 and Judy Flynn in series 4) – Mummy Pony is the mother of Pedro. She wears a dark yellow dress
Daddy Pony a.k.a. Mr. Pony (voiced by John Sparkes) – Daddy Pony is the father of Pedro, and he is an optician. He wears glasses and green clothes.

text: The Zebras[edit]

text:
Zoe Zebra (voiced by Sian Taylor in series 2–4 and Isla Gudgeon in series 5) – Zoe is one of Peppa's friends. She wears a light purple dress. In the episode "Teddy's Day Out," it is revealed that she has a stuffed monkey which is named Monkey. In the episode "Sleepover", Zoe mentions that she is taking piano lessons, likely from Mr. Zebra.
Mummy Zebra a.k.a. Mrs Zebra (voiced by Morwenna Banks) – Mummy Zebra is the mother of Zoe, Zuzu and Zaza Zebra. She wears a bright green dress and has shown to work with pottery in the episode "Pottery".
Daddy Zebra a.k.a. Mr. Zebra (voiced by David Graham) – Daddy Zebra is the father of Zoe, Zuzu and Zaza and is a postman. He can play the piano as shown in "Sleepover", and plays "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" to make Peppa and her friends fall asleep.
Zuzu & Zaza Zebra (both voiced by Alice May from series 2–4, Matilda Green from series 5-present) – Zuzu and Zaza are Zoe's younger identical twin sisters. They are also George's friends. They both wear light pink dresses. They are somewhat younger than George, Richard, and Edmond, and they do not appear at playgroup. :(

text: The Elephants[edit]

text:
Emily Elephant (voiced by Julia Moss in the UK from series 2–6, Stara Bal in series 7-present and Chloe Dolandis on Cartoon Network[2]) – Peppa's friend from playgroup. She made her first appearance in the episode "Emily Elephant". She can make the loudest sound out of all the children and often uses her trunk as an extra hand. She wears a dark yellow dress and is shy most of the time.
Edmond Elephant (voiced by Jonny Butler from series 3–4 and Victor Wade in series 5–present) – Edmond is George's friend. He is 2 year old, like George and Richard. Unlike George, Richard, and the other toddlers, Edmond is highly intelligent and can speak in full sentences; his high intelligence comes from his father. Because of this, Edmond is a self-proclaimed clever clogs. He is voiced by Jonny Butler from series 3–4, and Victor Wade from series 5-present. Edmond's voice appears on the Peppa Pig Rocket kiddie ride. He wears a dark green outfit.
Doctor Elephant a.k.a. Mr. Elephant (voiced by Andy Hamilton) – Emily's and Edmond's father. His job is a dentist. He wears a white shirt and red bow tie.
Mummy Elephant a.k.a. Mrs. Elephant – She is Emily's and Edmond's mother and not much is known about her. She wears a light purple dress.

text: The Foxes[edit]

text:
Freddy Fox (voiced by Max Miller in half of series 3 and then Jamie Oram onwards) – is a friend of Peppa who has a very good sense of smell. His first appearance was in the episode "Freddy Fox ".  He wears a dark red shirt.
Mr. Fox (voiced by John Sparkes) – is Freddy's father and is the owner of a shop that sells everything, usually in boxes of five, but sometimes as matching sets of three.
Mrs. Fox— is Freddy's mother. She works as a nurse as shown in the episode "Hospital". She wears a light blue dress.

text: The Kangaroos[edit]

text:
Kylie Kangaroo (voiced by Macey Danger in the episode of the same name, then Finley Grieg-Byrne, as seen in the credits for series 5)— Kylie Kangaroo is a friend of Peppa and appears in the episode of same name. Since she is a kangaroo, she can jump higher than the other characters.
Joey Kangaroo (voiced by Jazlyn Jago, as seen in the credits for series 5) — Joey Kangaroo is Kylie's younger brother. He stays in Mummy Kangaroo's pouch and is presumably younger than George, Richard, and Edmond.
Mummy Kangaroo a.k.a. Mrs Kangaroo (voiced by Morwenna Banks in the episode, then Elise Grieg, as seen in the credits for series 5)— Mummy Kangaroo is Kylie and Joey's mother.
Daddy Kangaroo a.k.a. Mr Kangaroo (voiced by Alexander Armstrong in the episode, then Tony Byrne, as seen in the credits for series 5)— Daddy Kangaroo is Kylie and Joey's father. He likes barbecuing corn on the cob.

text: The Wolves[edit]

text:
Mr. Wolf (voiced by Alexander Armstrong, as seen in the credits for series 4) — Mr. Wolf is the father of Wendy Wolf and Mrs. Wolf's husband. Not much is known about him compared to the other parents.
Mrs. Wolf (voiced by Jen Pringle) – Mrs. Wolf is the mother of Wendy Wolf and Mr. Wolf's wife. Like Mr. Wolf not much is known about her.
Wendy Wolf (voiced by Chaniya Mahon) – Wendy Wolf is Peppa's friend after Daddy Pig designs a house for the wolves and Mr. Bull builds it. She also becomes a new student in Peppa's playgroup later in the series.
Granny Wolf (voiced by Morwenna Banks as credited as Jen Pringle)— She appeared in the S5 episode "Wendy Wolf's Birthday"

text: The Goats[edit]

text:
Gabriella Goat (voiced by Sonia Arapi) — A friend of Peppa's who lives in Italy. She gives Peppa and her family a tour of the village where she lives.
Signor Goat (voiced by Andrea Tran) – He takes care of the holiday house Peppa's family stays for their holiday and is the father of Gabriella Goat.
Uncle Goat (voiced by John Sparkes — He is a pizza baker in Gabriella's village and Gabriella's uncle.
Auntie Goat (voiced by Morwenna Banks) – She runs a store in Gabriella's town.

text: The Giraffes[edit]

text:
Gerald Giraffe (voiced by Leo Templer) – The newest member of Peppa's playgroup who appears in "Gerald Giraffe". Being a giraffe makes him the tallest child in the playgroup. He also measures at the top of his ears making Rebecca Rabbit's ears be short.
Mr. Giraffe (voiced by Zeus Jahn-Vilnur) – Gerald's father.
Mrs. Giraffe (voiced by Posher Ra Ra) – Gerald's mother.

text: The Moles[edit]

text:
Molly Mole (voiced by Rosie van Hulzen) – Appears in the S5 episode "Molly Mole"
Mummy Mole (voiced by Jen Pringle) – Molly's mother
Daddy Mole (voiced by John Sparkes) – Molly's father

text: The Bears[edit]

text:
Dr. Brown Bear (voiced by David Rintoul) – the doctor. In "Pedro's Cough", he claims he never gets sick, but he does when he caught Pedro's cough. According to the British Medical Journal, Dr Bear shows clear signs of "burnout" and begins falling short of the high standards of service he aims to provide to his patients, which include "prompt and direct telephone access, continuity of care, extended hours, and a low threshold for home visits", including using a "green light car ... with sirens" to attend a playgroup where a 3 year old pony has coughed 3 times.[1]
Belinda Bear (voiced by Zara Siddiqi in her episode debut, then Charlotte Potterton, as seen in the credits for series 5) – One of Chloe's friends. In the episode "Chloe's Big Friends", she calls herself "Bea" for short. She might be related to Dr. Brown Bear, but it is unknown as she only appeared in one episode.

text: The Donkeys[edit]

text:
Delphine Donkey (voiced by Nzilani Franq) – Peppa's pen pal from France.
Didier Donkey (voiced by Aurélie Charbonnier) – Delphine's younger brother. He has a toy dragon, similar to how George has a toy dinosaur.
Monsieur Donkey (voiced by Jerome Haupert in series 2 and 3, then David Rintoul, as seen in the credits for series 5) – Delphine and Didier's father.
Mama Donkey – Delphine and Didier's mother.

text: Other characters[edit]

text:
Madame Gazelle (voiced by Morwenna Banks) – Madame Gazelle is the teacher at Peppa's playgroup. She has a French accent, which is a pun on "mademoiselle". She once played in a rock band called "The Rocking Gazelles" with two other gazelles who may be her sisters, as evidenced in "Madame Gazelle's Leaving Party". She taught Peppa's parents when they were children. "In Pumpkin Party" it is implied that she is a vampire because she has no reflection in the mirror, and seeing Suzy dressed as a vampire reminds her of the old country. In the episode "Madame Gazelle's Leaving Party", her first name is revealed to be Gigi. She is the only seen adult character whose first name was revealed (but only once). She can play both electric and acoustic guitars, as shown in many episodes.
Mr. Bull (voiced by David Rintoul) – Mr. Bull is a garbage man, a construction worker, a nurse (as seen in "Mummy Rabbit's Bump") and a tuba player. Mr Bull is also a taxi driver (as seen in the "Flying on Holiday" episode). It is implied that Mr. Bull is related to Mrs. Cow, as bulls are male cows.
Mr. Potato (voiced by John Sparkes) – Mr Potato is Peppa's favorite character from a TV show. It is unknown if he is a real potato or someone wearing a costume. He encourages the kids to exercise and eat healthy. His friends are Mrs. Carrot, Sweet Cranberry and Little Sprout who are also real fruit and vegetables, as evidenced in "Mr Potato's Christmas Show". There is also a Mrs. Potato, appearing only on Peppa's television with Mr. Potato from series one until the beginning of series 3.
Mrs. Cow (voiced by Judy Flynn) – A member of the "Mummies' Fire Service". She might be related to Mr. Bull, as bulls are the male counterpart to cows, but this has not been said in the show.
Mr Rhino — He works with Mr. Bull in the building/construction jobs.
Dr. Hamster (voiced by Morwenna Banks) – Dr. Hamster is the vet and has a tortoise named Tiddles who gets stuck in trees a lot. She flies an airplane on "The Flying Vet".
Mr. Labrador — He works with Mr. Bull in the building/construction jobs. He also runs the archery competition at the fair (as seen in "Funfair"). His name is never said in the show.
Captain Emergency (voiced by Dominic Byrne) – The pilot on the plane Peppa and her family fly on in the episode "Flying On Holiday".
Simon Squirrel (voiced by Preston Nyman) – One of Chloe's friends. In the episode "Chloe's Big Friends", he calls himself "Sy" for short. His parents have never appeared in the show but it is assumed that they are squirrels, like him.
Policeman Stag (voiced by Fernando Tiberini) – He appears in "Around the World with Peppa" to return Teddy to Peppa who kept losing it. He is a dark brown otter.
Police Officer Panda (voiced by David Mitchell (Comedian)) – Appears in S5 episode "The Police"
Police Officer Squirrel (voiced by Judy Flynn) – Appears in S5 episode "The Police"
Santa – He appears in episodes "Santa's Grotto", "Santa's Visit" and "Mr. Potato's Christmas Show". He is one of 2 human characters in the show, the other one being the Queen.
The Queen (voiced by Morwenna Banks) – She appears in the episode "The Queen And London". She is human and based on Queen Elizabeth II.
Mr Lion (voiced by Colin McFarlane) – Appears in S5 episode "The Zoo"
Mrs Crocodile (voiced by Jo Brand) – Appears in S5 episode "The Zoo"
Mr Wallaby (voiced by Sam Simmons) – Appears in S5 episode "Boomerang"
Singing Fish (voiced by Tomas Gisby) – A plastic fish that Mr. Fox sells in the S5 episode "The Market"
Mummy Rat – Appears in the episodes "London" and "The Market"
Female Rat – Appears in the episodes "London" and "The Market"
Mr Stallion – He is one of Grandpa Pig's friends. He appears in S5 episode "Sailing Boat"
Mrs Corgi – She is another one of Grandpa Pig's friends. She appears in S5 episode "Sailing Boat"

text: Pets and animals[edit]

text:
Tiddles – Dr. Hamster's pet tortoise. He is 33 as shown the episode "Dr. Hamster's Tortoise". He is known to climb trees as shown in "Naughty Tortoise", "Miss Rabbit's Helicopter", and "Gerald Giraffe".
Steven – Pedro Pony's pet stick insect who is shown in "The Pet Competition".
Goldie the goldfish – Goldie is Peppa's goldfish.
Ginger the goldfish – Ginger is Miss Rabbit's goldfish and is shown in "The Aquarium" where she befriends Peppa's fish Goldie.
Hemydatulus Fanardus – is Edmond Elephant's pet gecko and is shown the episode "The Pet Competition". His name is the scientific name for gecko. Edmond named him this because he is smart.
Polly Parrot (voiced by Alison Snowden, as seen in the credits for her episode debut) – Granny and Grandpa Pig's parrot. Like most parrots, Polly copies what others say. She has yet to appear in series 5.
Mrs. Duck – A wild duck who lives in the duck pond with the other ducks. She and her fellow ducks have a habit of always showing up at picnics, usually in the hope of receiving food scraps. She appears in the "Golden Boots" special when she takes Peppa's golden boots.
Mr. Skinny Legs – A friendly little spider who lives in and around Peppa's house.
Teddy – Peppa's toy bear. Peppa is known for leaving him behind by mistake. In "The Holiday House", "Holiday in the Sun", and "The End of the Holiday", there is a running gag where Peppa leaves Teddy behind and a police dog on a motorcycle returns it while they are driving. Another running gag is that Daddy Pig walks into the pool with his pajamas on.
Mr Dinosaur - George's toy dinosaur
Mr Scarecrow - Granny and Grandpa's scarecrow. It has been seen on "Mr Scarecrow" and "Granny Pig's Chickens"
Jemima, Sarah, Vanessa, and Neville - They are Granny Pig's chickens. They were first seen on "Granny Pig's Chickens" and they appear on "Spring"
Monkey - Zoe's toy monkey
Frog - Emily's toy frog, appears on Sleepover
Owl - Suzy's toy owl also appears on Sleepover
Carrot - Rebecca's toy carrot also appears on Sleepover
Mrs Dinosaur Richard Rabbit’s toy dinosaur
Dino-Rawr Replaced Mr. Dinosaur after he lost his tail. Dino-Rawr cannot be played with as much as Mr. Dinosaur due to electronic components. One day after his batteries fell out, Peppa collected them and found Mr. Dinosaur's tail, and Daddy Pig managed to put the tail back on. It is unknown what happened to Dino-Rawr afterwards.
Penguin - Suzy's toy penguin. It talks. Her penguin appears in The Doll Hospital.


document_title: Pre-main-sequence star

question_text: in the pre-main sequence stage protostars shine by

text: Pre-main-sequence star

text:
Star formation
Object classes
Interstellar medium Molecular cloud Bok globule Dark nebula Young stellar object Protostar T Tauri star Pre-main-sequence starHerbig Ae/Be star  Herbig–Haro object

Theoretical concepts
Accretion Initial mass function Jeans instability Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism  Nebular hypothesis  Planetary migration

 Star portalvte

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: A pre-main-sequence star (also known as a PMS star and PMS object) is a star in the stage when it has not yet reached the main sequence. Earlier in its life, the object is a protostar that grows by acquiring mass from its surrounding envelope of interstellar dust and gas. After the protostar blows away this envelope, it is optically visible, and appears on the stellar birthline in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. At this point, the star has acquired nearly all of its mass but has not yet started hydrogen burning (i.e. nuclear fusion of hydrogen). The star then contracts, its internal temperature rising until it begins hydrogen burning on the zero age main sequence. This period of contraction is the pre-main sequence stage.[1][2][3][4]  An observed PMS object can either be a T Tauri star, if it has fewer than 2 solar masses (M☉), or else a Herbig Ae/Be star, if it has 2 to 8 M☉. Yet more massive stars have no pre-main-sequence stage because they contract too quickly as protostars. By the time they become visible, the hydrogen in their centers is already fusing and they are main-sequence objects.

text: The energy source of PMS objects is gravitational contraction, as opposed to hydrogen burning in main-sequence stars. In the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, pre-main-sequence stars with more than 0.5 M☉ first move vertically downward along Hayashi tracks, then leftward and horizontally along Henyey tracks, until they finally halt at the main sequence. Pre-main-sequence stars with less than 0.5 M☉ contract vertically along the Hayashi track for their entire evolution.

text: PMS stars can be differentiated empirically from main-sequence stars by using stellar spectra to measure their surface gravity.  A PMS object has a larger radius than a main-sequence star with the same stellar mass and thus has a lower surface gravity. Although they are optically visible, PMS objects are rare relative to those on the main sequence, because their contraction lasts for only 1 percent of the time required for hydrogen fusion. During the early portion of the PMS stage, most stars have circumstellar disks, which are the sites of planet formation.


document_title: The Bold and the Beautiful cast members

question_text: who is the new actress plays hope on bold and beautiful

text: The Bold and the Beautiful cast members

text: Current cast members

text: Main cast

text:
Actor
Character
Duration
Ref

Darin Brooks
Wyatt Spencer
2013–
[4]

Kimberlin Brown
Sheila Carter
1992–98, 2002–03, 2017–
[5][6]

Scott Clifton
Liam Spencer
2010–
[7]

Don Diamont
Bill Spencer, Jr.
2009–
[8]

Reign Edwards
Nicole Avant
2015–
[9]

Thorsten Kaye
Ridge Forrester
2013–
[10][11]

Katherine Kelly Lang
Brooke Logan
1987–
[2]

John McCook
Eric Forrester
1987–
[3]

Alley Mills
Pamela Douglas
2006–
[12]

Karla Mosley
Maya Avant
2013–
[13]

Annika Noelle
Hope Logan
2018–
[14][15][16]

Ingo Rademacher
Thorne Forrester
2017–
[17][18]

Rena Sofer
Quinn Fuller
2013–
[19]

Aaron D. Spears
Justin Barber
2009–
[20][21]

Heather Tom
Katie Logan
2007–
[22]

Anthony Turpel
R.J. Forrester
2016–
[23]

Jacqueline MacInnes Wood
Steffy Forrester
2008–13, 2015–
[24][25][26]

Jacob Young
Rick Forrester
1997–99, 2011–
[27]

text: Recurring cast

text:
Actor
Character
Duration
Ref

Zane Alexander Achor
Will Spencer
2013–

Obba Babatundé
Julius Avant
2015–
[28]

Ian Buchanan
Dr. James Warwick
1993–99, 2004, 2007–11, 2017–
[29][30]

Mick Cain
C.J. Garrison
1997–2004, 2007, 2010, 2017–

Crystal Chappell
Danielle Spencer
2012–
[31]

Dick Christie
Charlie Webber
2013–

Othello Clark
Othello
2011–
[32]

Andrew Collins
Jarrett Maxwell
2004–
[33]

Zack Conroy
Oliver Jones
2010–
[34]

Jennifer Gareis
Donna Logan
2006–
[35]

Linsey Godfrey
Caroline Spencer
2012–
[36]

Courtney Grosbeck
Coco Spectra
2017–
[37]

Theodora Greece
Alison Montgomery
2011–

Jacqueline Hahn
Dr. Caspary
2005–

Jon Hensley
Dr. Meade
2012–
[38]

Anna Maria Horsford
Vivienne Avant
2015–
[28]

Kristolyn Lloyd
Dayzee Leigh Forrester
2010–
[39][40]

Dan Martin
Lieutenant Baker
1997–
[33]

Chris McKenna
Dr. Hayden
2016–
[41][42]

Zach Rance
Zach
2014–
[43]

Lawrence Saint-Victor
Carter Walton
2013–
[44]

Rodney Saulsberry
Anthony Wallace
2010–
[33]

Scott Turner Schofield
Nick
2015–
[45]

Tigerlily and Ginger Siler
Rosie Forrester
2011–

Taja V. Simpson
Adele
2012–
[46]

Sandra Vergara
Theresa Corazon
2013–

Stephanie Wang
Madison Lee
2007–

Fred Willard
John Forrester
2014–
[47]

Andres Zuno
Rafael
2013–

text: Former cast members

text:
Actor
Character
Duration
Ref

Marla Adams
Beth Logan
1991

Luigi Amodeo
Lorenzo Barelli
2002–03

Justin Baldoni
Graham Darros
2010

Judith Baldwin
Beth Logan
1987

Texas Battle
Marcus Forrester
2008–13

Kabir Bedi
Prince Omar Rashid
1994–95, 2005

Drew Tyler Bell
Thomas Forrester
2004–10

Brandon Beemer
Owen Knight
Casper Knight
2008–12
2009

Paulo Benedeti
Antonio Dominguez
2001–02, 2012–13, 2017

[48]

Tracey E. Bregman
Lauren Fenmore Baldwin
1992–99, 2002, 2004, 2007

Ashleigh Brewer
Ivy Forrester
2014–18
[49][50]

Peter Brown
Blake Hayes
1991–92

Sarah Joy Brown
Agnes Jones
2009–11

Agnes Bruckner
Bridget Forrester
1997–99

Sabrina Bryan
Alisa Cordova
2002

Nancy Burnett
Beth Logan
1987–89, 1994, 1996–98, 2000–01

Sarah G. Buxton
Morgan DeWitt
2000–01, 2005

Ashley Lyn Cafagna
Kimberly Fairchild
1998–2001

Brian Patrick Clarke
Storm Logan (#2)
1990–91

Robert Clary
Pierre Jourdan
1988–89

Darlene Conley
Sally Spectra
1989–2006

Felisha Cooper
Sasha Thompson
2015–17

[51]

Mace Coronel
R.J. Forrester
2013–14
[48]

Barbara Crampton
Maggie Forrester
1995–98

Patrika Darbo
Shirley Spectra
2017–18
[52][53][54]

Eileen Davidson
Ashley Abbott
2007–08

Tamara Davies
Tricia Quick
2002-03

Michelle Davison
Ruthanne Owens
1991–93, 1995, 1997

William deVry
Storm Logan
2006–08, 2012

Michael Dietz
Mark Maclaine
2002–05

Lesley-Anne Down
Jackie Marone
2003–12

Courtnee Draper
Mary Warwick
2002

Patrick Duffy
Stephen Logan
2006–11

Bobbie Eakes
Macy Alexander
1989–2000, 2001, 2002-03

Andrea Evans
Tawny Moore
1999–2000, 2010–11

Kayla Ewell
Caitlin Ramirez
2004–05

Jennifer Finnigan
Bridget Forrester
2000–03

Susan Flannery
Stephanie Forrester
1987–2012

Rome Flynn
Zende Forrester Dominguez
2015–17

[55][56]

Pierson Fodé
Thomas Forrester
2015–18
[57][58][59]

Adrienne Frantz
Amber Moore[60]
April Knight
1997–2005, 2010–12
2003

[61]

Brian Gaskill
Oscar Marone
2003–04

Bryan Genesse
Rocco Carner
1987–89, 2009

Frank and Morgan Gingerich
Jack Marone
2010–11

Ricky Paull Goldin
Jesse Graves
2013

Charles Grant
Grant Chambers
1996–98

Adam Gregory
Thomas Forrester
2010–13, 2014

Dax Griffin
Shane McGrath
2006–07

Ken Hanes
Mike Guthrie
1993–98, 2010

Winsor Harmon
Thorne Forrester
1996–2016

[62][63][64]

Emily Harrison
Bridget Forrester
2004

Rick Hearst
Whipple Jones
2002, 2009–11

Danube Hermosillo
Darlita
2017–18
[52][53][65]

Ben Hogestyn
Harry Jackson
2006

Addison Hoover
Phoebe Forrester
2005–06

Alex Hoover
Steffy Forrester
2005–06

Courtney Hope
Sally Spectra
2017–18
[52][53][66]

Jack Horan
R.J. Forrester
2011

Mykel Shannon Jenkins
Charlie Baker
2007–09, 2012

Joanna Johnson
Caroline Spencer Forrester
Karen Spencer
1987–90, 2001
1991–94, 2009, 2011–14

Ashley Jones
Bridget Forrester
2004–12, 2013, 2015, 2016

[67]

Lesli Kay
Felicia Forrester
2005–11, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016

[48]

Sean Kanan
Deacon Sharpe
2000–05, 2012, 2014–2017
[68]

Lauren Koslow
Margo Maclaine Lynley
1987–92, 2002

Lorenzo Lamas
Hector Ramirez
2004–06

Teri Ann Linn
Kristen Forrester
1987–90, 1992–94

Mario Lopez
Dr. Christian Ramirez
2006

Kyle Lowder
Rick Forrester
2007–11

Constantine Maroulis
Constantine Parros
2007

A Martinez
Dr. Ramon Montgomery
2011–12

Joseph Mascolo
Massimo Marone
2001–06

Kim Matula
Hope Logan
2010–14, 2015, 2016

[69][70][71][72]

MacKenzie Mauzy
Phoebe Forrester
2006–08

Todd McKee
Jake Maclaine
1990–92, 2007–13, 2015–16

Daniel McVicar
Clarke Garrison
1987–92, 1996–2009

Tracy Melchior
Kristen Forrester
2001–06, 2008–09, 2012–13

[48]

Lilly Melgar
Claudia Cortez
1996-97

Ronn Moss
Ridge Forrester
1987–2012
[73][74]

Carrie Mitchum
Donna Logan
1987–91, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2001

Dylan Neal
Dylan Shaw
1994–97

Clayton Norcross
Thorne Forrester
1987–89

Ashlyn Pearce
Alexandria Forrester
2013–15

[75][76][77]

Sydney Penny
Samantha Kelly
2003–05

Robert Pine
Stephen Logan
1988, 1994, 1996, 1997–98, 2001

Lindsay Price
Michael Lai
1995–97

Usher Raymond
Raymond
1999

Robin Riker
Beth Logan
2008–10

Victor Rivers
Ricardo Montemayor
2013–14

Chris Robinson
Jack Hamilton
1992-94, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005

Gina Rodriguez
Beverly
2011–12

Jane A. Rogers
Julie DeLorean
1990–92

Antonio Sabàto Jr.
Dante Damiano
2005–06

Francisco San Martin
Mateo
2017
[78]

Colleen Dion-Scotti
Felicia Forrester
1990–92, 1997, 2004

Mary Sheldon
Donna Logan
1991

Hillary B. Smith
Dr. Stacy Barton
2012

Nancy Sloan
Katie Logan
1987–89, 1991, 1994–96, 1997–98, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004

Jim Storm
Bill Spencer, Sr.
1987–94, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2009

Michael Swan
Adam Alexander
1998–2000, 2001, 2002–03

Marissa Tait
Becky Moore
1999-2000

Justin Torkildsen
Rick Forrester
1999–2006

Jeff Trachta
Thorne Forrester
1989–96

Hunter Tylo
Dr. Taylor Hayes
1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014

[79][80]

Sandra Vidal
Sofia Alonso
2001–03

Lark Voorhies
Jasmine Malone
1995–96

Jack Wagner
Nick Marone
2003–12

Maitland Ward
Jessica Forrester
1994–96

Chris Warren Jr.
Jimmy Ramirez
2004–05

Ethan Wayne
Storm Logan
1987–89, 1994, 1997–98, 2000, 2001, 2003

Betty White
Ann Douglas
2006–07, 2008, 2009

Fred Willard
John Forrester
2014–15

Shanelle Workman
Gabriela Moreno
2005

Alex Wyse
Saul Feinberg
2017–18
[52][53][54]

text: Deceased cast members

text:
Actor
Character
Date of Death

Michael Fox
Saul Feinberg
June 1, 1996

Philip O'Brien
Minister / Rev. Marshall
January 9, 1999

Steve Allen
Himself
October 30, 2000

Lesley Woods
Grandma Helen Logan
August 2, 2003

Sandy Ward
Det. Roy Banks
March 6, 2005

Frank Gorshin
George
May 17, 2005

James Doohan
Damon Warwick
July 20, 2005 [81]

Perry Stephens
Steve Crown
September 8, 2005 [82]

Mark Roberts
Dr. Adams / Dr. Reston
January 5, 2006

Michelle Davison
Ruthanne Owens
April 2, 2006

Ric Mancini
Vendor #1
May 26, 2006

Don Snell
Clerk
December 2, 2006

Darlene Conley
Sally Spectra
January 14, 2007

Luciano Giancarlo
Waiter
July 16, 2007

Charlton Heston
Himself
April 5, 2008

Patricia Place
Nurse Busch
September 20, 2008

Richard Blackwell
Himself
October 19, 2008

Douglas Barcellos
Rico
December 24, 2008

Dick Gjonola
Wayne Garfield
October 25, 2009

Christopher Cazenove
Himself
April 7, 2010

Don Ross
Charles Barnes
January 15, 2011

Jeff Conaway
Mick Savage
May 27, 2011 [83]

Frank Marocco
Musician
March 3, 2012

Kathryn Joosten
Herself
June 2, 2012

Holly Lewis
Gladys' assistant
June 22, 2012

Phyllis Diller
Gladys Pope
August 20, 2012 [84][85]

Michael Clarke Duncan
Slash
September 3, 2012

Karen Kim
Maya
October 21, 2012

Zheng Cao
Herself
February 21, 2013

Jeanne Cooper
Katherine Chancellor
May 8, 2013

Jerry Ayres
Conway Weston, P.I.
May 14, 2013 [86]

Kirk Scott
Frank Leonard
November 16, 2013

Tony Genaro
Luis
May 7, 2014

Matthew Cowles
Curtis Love
May 22, 2014

Bern Bennett
Announcer
May 29, 2014

John Brandon
Ben Maclaine
August 25, 2014

R. J. Adams
David Johns Esq.
January 26, 2015

Jayne Meadows
Herself
April 26, 2015

John Carter
Richard Baker
May 23, 2015

Peter Brown
Blake Hayes
March 21, 2016

Anthony Addabbo
Tony "Rush" Carrera/Jonny Carrera
October 18, 2016

Joseph Mascolo
Massimo Marone
December 8, 2016

Alan Thicke
Rich Ginger
December 13, 2016

Erin Moran
Kelly DeMartin
April 22, 2017

Bruce Gray
Judge Morrissey
December 13, 2017