document_title: The Thin Man (film)

question_text: who played the thin man in the movies

question_tokens: who played the thin man in the movies

text: The Thin Man (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Nick Charles (William Powell), a retired detective, and his wife Nora (Myrna Loy) are attempting to settle down. They are based in San Francisco but decide to spend the Christmas holidays in New York. There Nick is pressed back into service by Dorothy Wynant (Maureen O'Sullivan), a young woman whose father was an old client of Nick. The man, Clyde Wynant (the title's "thin man"), was supposed to be on a secret business trip and promised to be home before his daughter's wedding, but has mysteriously vanished. She convinces Nick to take the case, much to the amusement of his socialite wife. It starts out as a missing person case, but when Julia Wolf, Wynant's former secretary and love interest, is found dead, evidence points to Wynant as the prime suspect. Dorothy refuses to believe that her father is guilty. The detective uncovers clues and eventually solves the mystery of the disappearance.

text: The murderer is revealed in a classic dinner party scene that features all of the suspects. A skeletonized body, found during the investigation, had been assumed to be that of a "fat man" because it was wearing oversized clothing. The clothes are revealed to be planted, and the identity of the body is determined by an old war wound in one leg. It turns out that the body belongs to a "thin man": the missing Wynant. The real killer is uncovered at the dinner party before he almost takes the life of someone who knows too much.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
William Powell as Nick Charles
Myrna Loy as Nora Charles
Skippy as Asta, their dog
Maureen O'Sullivan as Dorothy Wynant
Nat Pendleton as Lt. John Guild
Minna Gombell as Mimi Wynant Jorgenson
Porter Hall as Herbert MacCaulay
Henry Wadsworth as Tommy

William Henry as Gilbert Wynant
Harold Huber as Arthur Nunheim
Cesar Romero as Chris Jorgenson
Natalie Moorhead as Julia Wolf
Edward Brophy as Joe Morelli[1][2]
Edward Ellis as Clyde Wynant, the "thin man"
Cyril Thornton as Tanner

text: Cast notes:

text: Nat Pendleton reprised the role of Lt. Guild in 1939's Another Thin Man.[3]

text: Production[edit]

text: Screenplay[edit]

text: The film was based on the novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett, released in January 1934. Hammett's novel drew on his experiences as a union-busting Pinkerton detective in Butte, Montana. Hammett based Nick and Nora's banter upon his rocky on-again, off-again relationship with playwright Lillian Hellman.[4]

text: MGM paid Hammett $21,000 for the screen rights to the novel. The screenplay was written by Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, who had been married for three years. Director W.S. Van Dyke encouraged them to use Hammett's writing as a basis only, and to concentrate on providing witty exchanges for Nick and Nora.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Van Dyke convinced MGM executives to let Powell and Loy portray the lead characters despite concerns that Powell was too old and strait-laced to play Nick Charles and that Loy had become typecast in exotic femme fatale roles.[5][6]

text: Skippy played Asta, the dog of Nick and Nora. Skippy was subsequently cast in two screwball comedy classics, The Awful Truth (1937) and Bringing Up Baby (1938).

text: Filming[edit]

text:
"[Nick and Nora were the] first on-screen Hollywood couple for whom matrimony did not signal the end of sex, romance and adventure."
– Film historian Andrew Sarris (1998)[7]

text: The film was shot with a budget of $226,408. For Powell's first scene in the film, Van Dyke told him to take the cocktail shaker, go to the bar and just walk through the scene while the crew checked lights and sound. Powell did it, throwing in some lines and business of his own. Suddenly he heard Van Dyke say, "That's it! Print it!" The director had decided to shoot the scene without Powell knowing it so that he'd be as relaxed and natural as possible.

text: Van Dyke often did not bother with cover shots if he felt the scene was right on the first take, reasoning that actors "lose their fire" if they have to do something over and over. It was a lot of pressure on the actors, who often had to learn new lines and business immediately before shooting, without the luxury of retakes, but Loy credited much of the appeal of the film to Van Dyke's pacing and spontaneity. He paid the most attention to Powell and Loy's easy banter between takes and their obvious enjoyment of each other's company and worked it into the movie. The director often encouraged and incorporated improvisation and off-the-cuff details into the picture. In order to keep her entrance fresh and spontaneous, W.S. Van Dyke did not tell Loy about it until right before they shot it.

text: Powell loved working so much with Loy because of her naturalness, her professionalism, and her lack of any kind of "diva" temperament. On her, Powell said: "When we did a scene together, we forgot about technique, camera angles, and microphones. We weren't acting. We were just two people in perfect harmony. Myrna, unlike some actresses who think only of themselves, has the happy faculty of being able to listen while the other fellow says his lines. She has the give and take of acting that brings out the best."

text: According to Loy, the actors were not allowed to interact between takes with the dog, Skippy; trainers felt it would break his concentration. Skippy once bit Loy during filming.[8]:91

text: Although she had great compliments for Powell's charm and wit, Maureen O'Sullivan (who played the daughter of Wynant) later said she did not enjoy making the picture because her part was so small and the production was so rushed.

text: The scene of Nick shooting the ornaments off the tree was added after Powell playfully picked up an air gun and started shooting ornaments the art department was putting up.

text: Loy wrote that the biggest problem during shooting was the climactic dinner party scene in which Nick reveals the killer. Powell complained that he had too many lines to learn and could barely decipher the complicated plot he was unraveling. It was the one scene when several retakes were necessary, which brought up an entirely new problem. The script called for oysters to be served to the dinner guests and, in take after take, the same plate of oysters was brought out under the hot lights. "They began to putrefy," Loy recalled. "By the time we finished that scene, nobody ever wanted to see another oyster."[8]:89–90

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film was released in May 25, 1934 to extremely positive reviews and was a box office hit, with special praise for the chemistry between Loy and Powell. Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times called it "an excellent combination of comedy and excitement", and the film appeared on the Times year-end list of the ten best of the year.[5] "The Thin Man was an entertaining novel, and now it's an entertaining picture", reported Variety. "For its leads the studio couldn't have done better than to pick Powell and Miss Loy, both of whom shade their semi-comic roles beautifully."[9] "The screen seldom presents a more thoroughly interesting piece of entertainment than this adaptation of Dashiell Hammett's popular novel", raved Film Daily. "The rapid fire dialogue is about the best heard since talkies, and it is delivered by Powell and Miss Loy to perfection."[10] John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote that Loy and Powell played their parts "beautifully", adding, "All the people of the book are there, and I think the final scenes of the solution of the mystery are handled on a higher note than they were in print."[11] Louella Parsons called it "the greatest entertainment, the most fun and the best mystery-drama of the year."[5] The Chicago Tribune said it was "exciting", "amusing" and "fat with ultra, ultra sophisticated situations and dialog." It also called Powell and Loy "delightful".[12] Harrison Carroll of The Los Angeles Herald-Express wrote that it was "one of the cleverest adaptations of a popular novel that Hollywood has ever turned out."[5]

text: The film was such a success that it spawned five sequels:

text:
After the Thin Man (1936)
Another Thin Man (1939)
Shadow of the Thin Man (1941)
The Thin Man Goes Home (1945)
Song of the Thin Man (1947)

text: In 2002, critic Roger Ebert added the film to his list of Great Movies.[13]  Ebert praised William Powell's performance in particular, stating that Powell "is to dialogue as Fred Astaire is to dance. His delivery is so droll and insinuating, so knowing and innocent at the same time, that it hardly matters what he's saying."[14]

text: In 1997, the film was added to the United States National Film Registry having been deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In 2000 American Film Institute designated the film as one of the great comedies in the previous hundred years of cinema.

text: The film is 32nd on the American Film Institute's 2000 list AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs[15] and was nominated for the following lists:

text:
1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies[16]
2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions[17]
2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
Nick & Nora Charles – Heroes[18]
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
Nora Charles: "They say you were shot in the tabloids."

text:
2007: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)[20]
2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:
Mystery Film[21]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed a total (domestic and foreign) of $1,423,000: $818,000 from the US and Canada and $605,000 elsewhere. It made a profit of $729,000.[22]

text: Trailer[edit]

text: The trailer contained specially filmed footage in which Nick Charles (William Powell) is seen on the cover of the Dashiell Hammett novel The Thin Man.  Nick Charles then steps out of the cover to talk to fellow detective Philo Vance (also played by Powell) about his latest case.

text: Charles mentions he hasn't seen Vance since The Kennel Murder Case, a film in which Powell played Vance. The Kennel Murder Case was released in October 1933, just seven months prior to the release of The Thin Man.

text: Charles goes on to explain to Vance that his latest case revolves around a "tall, thin man" (referring to Clyde Wynant), just before clips of the film are shown.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: The Thin Man was dramatized as a radio play on an hour-long broadcast of Lux Radio Theater on June 8, 1936. William Powell, Myrna Loy, Minna Gombell, Porter Hall, William Henry, and Thomas Jackson reprised their film roles, and W. S. Van Dyke was host.[23][24]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The TV series The Thin Man ran from 1957 through 1959, starring Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk.[25]
In the 1976 comedy spoof movie Murder by Death, the characters of Nick and Nora Charles became Dick and Dora Charleston, played by David Niven and Maggie Smith.[26][27]
The 1979–84 ABC television weekly romantic detective series Hart to Hart also mimicked the central conceit.[citation needed] It starred Robert Wagner, Stefanie Powers, and Lionel Stander. In the 11th episode of the second season of the series, "Slow Boat to Murder", there is a scene where the Harts watch the film on TV.
In the 2005 animated film Hoodwinked!, the character Nicky Flippers, a frog detective voiced by David Ogden Stiers, was based on Nick Charles.[citation needed]
The lead characters in the 2008 film Nick & Norah's Infinite Playlist are named as a homage to the characters in this film.[citation needed]
Echoing the name "Nick Charles",[citation needed] the 2013 Australian crime comedy series Mr & Mrs Murder features married couple "Nicola" and "Charlie" Buchanan, who run an industrial cleaning business specializing in crime scenes; using this experience, they become amateur sleuths.


document_title: Joint session of the United States Congress

question_text: when was the last time a foreign leader addressed congress

root

text: Counting electoral votes[edit]

text: The Twelfth Amendment mandates that the Congress assemble in joint session to count the electoral votes and declare the winners of the election.[1] The session is ordinarily required to take place on January 6 in the calendar year immediately following the meetings of the presidential electors.[2] The Twentieth Amendment now provides that the newly elected Congress declares the winner of the election. Until 1936, the outgoing Congress counted the electoral votes.

tag: p

text: The joint session to count electoral votes is held at 1:00 p.m. Eastern time on January 6 in the Chamber of the House of Representatives.[2] The sitting Vice President is expected to preside, but in several cases the President pro tempore of the Senate has chaired the proceedings instead. The Vice President and the Speaker of the House sit at the podium, with the Vice President in the seat of the Speaker of the House. Senate pages bring in the two mahogany boxes containing each state's certified vote and place them on tables in front of the Senators and Representatives. Each house appoints two tellers to count the vote (normally one member of each political party). Relevant portions of the Certificate of Vote are read for each state, in alphabetical order. Members of Congress can object to any state's vote count, provided that the objection is supported by at least one member of each house of Congress. A successful objection will be followed by debate; however, objections to the electoral vote count are rarely raised, although it did occur during the vote count in 2001 after the close 2000 presidential election between George W. Bush, then Governor of Texas, and Al Gore, then Vice President of the United States. Vice President Gore, who as Vice President was required to preside over his own Electoral College defeat (by five electoral votes), denied the objections, all of which were raised only by several House members and would have favored his candidacy, after no Senators would agree to jointly object. If there are no objections or all objections are overruled, the presiding officer declares the result of the vote and states who is elected President and Vice President. The Senators then depart from the House Chamber.

text: State of the Union[edit]

text: At some time during the first two months of each session, the President customarily delivers the State of the Union address, a speech in which an assessment is made of the state of the country, and the presidents' legislative agenda is outlined. The speech is modeled on the Speech from the Throne, given by the British monarch. There is a major difference, in that the President is the principal author of his own State of the Union address, while the Speech from the Throne is customarily written by the Prime Minister.

text: The Constitution of the United States requires that the president "shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union," but does not specify whether the information should be given in a speech or a written report. The first two presidents, George Washington and John Adams, delivered the speech in person before both houses of Congress, but that practice was discontinued by Thomas Jefferson, who considered it too monarchical and sent written reports instead. Written reports were standard until 1913, when Woodrow Wilson reestablished the practice of personally attending to deliver the speech. Since then, on a number of occasions Presidents have presented a written report, usually for medical reasons.[3]

text: Subjects of joint sessions and meetings[edit]

text: In addition to State of the Union addresses, inaugurals and counting of electoral votes, joint sessions or meetings usually fall into one of several topics.

text: Foreign dignitaries[edit]

text: Joint meetings have been held more than a hundred times to enable foreign heads of state or heads of government to address Congress. Leaders of 48 countries have addressed Congress at a joint meeting: France leads the list with nine joint meeting addresses by heads of state or dignitaries. Other leading countries are: Israel (8), United Kingdom (8), Mexico (7), Italy (6), Ireland (6), South Korea (6), Germany, including West Germany and unified Germany (5), India (5), Canada (3), Australia (3), Argentina (3), and the Philippines (3). Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill have each made three joint addresses to Congress, more than any other foreign dignitaries (Netanyahu: 1996,[4] 2011,[5] 2015;[6] Churchill: 1941, 1943, 1952). Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin addressed joint meetings of Congress on two occasions (1976 and 1994) as did Nelson Mandela of South Africa (1990 and 1994).[7]

text: The first foreign dignitary to address a joint session of Congress was Ambassador Andre’ de Laboulaye of France who addressed a joint session on May 20, 1934 to memorialize the centennial anniversary of the death of Marquis de Lafayette.[8] The first non-dignitary to address a joint meeting of Congress was Polish Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa in 1989. Nelson Mandela, then Deputy President of the African National Congress addressed a joint meeting in 1990.[9]

text: Twice have joint meetings been attended by dignitaries from two countries: On September 18, 1978, when Congress was addressed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and on July 26, 1994, when Congress was addressed by King Hussein of Jordan and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.

text: John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia, had originally been scheduled to address Congress on September 12, 2001, but his address was postponed due to the September 11 terrorist attacks the previous day. Howard's address was rescheduled for June 12, 2002 where he spoke about the attacks he had witnessed 9 months earlier. Howard was acknowledged with a standing ovation and describes the occasion as a "moving moment."[10]

text: The most recent addresses by foreign dignitaries were given by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 8, 2016, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on April 29, 2015, and Pope Francis on September 24, 2015. The Pope did not address the joint session as a religious dignitary but as a head of state.[11]

text: All foreign heads of state and heads of government are presented officially to Congress in the same manner as the President during the State of the Union Address and are introduced by the Speaker by their diplomatic style of address, followed by their name and respective office.

text: Presidential addresses[edit]

text: In addition to a State of the Union address, Presidents address Congress on specific subjects. The first such speech was delivered by John Adams on the subject of U.S. relations with France. The most popular subjects for such addresses are economic, military and foreign policy issues.

text: In addition to bringing back the tradition of delivering a State of Union address, Woodrow Wilson was the first President since John Adams to address Congress on specific topics. He delivered 17 such speeches, more than any other President.

text: Military leaders[edit]

text: Joint meetings are sometimes called to hear addresses by generals, admirals, or other military leaders. Perhaps the most notable example is Douglas MacArthur's farewell address to Congress. In concluding the speech he recalled an old army song which contained the line "old soldiers never die; they just fade away". He then said, "And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, an old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty. Good-bye".

text: Inaugurations of Vice Presidents[edit]

text: Vice Presidents who are appointed under the 25th amendment are sworn in before a Joint Session of Congress. This was only tested once, on December 6, 1973, when Gerald Ford was sworn in. First, the Speaker of the House certified that both houses had confirmed his nomination, and then Chief Justice Warren Burger gave him the oath of office. He was then introduced to both houses by the Speaker and gave his inaugural address.

text: Astronauts[edit]

text: Six times in the first years of the Space Age, Congress jointly met to be addressed by astronauts after their trips in space.

text: Memorials[edit]

text: Nine times, Congress has jointly met to hold a memorial service for a deceased President or former President. Congress has also met to memorialize Vice President James Sherman and the Marquis de Lafayette.

text: Anniversaries[edit]

text: Congress sometimes meets to mark the anniversary of a historical event or of a presidential birthday. The first such occasion was the centennial of George Washington's first inauguration in 1789. Congress has met to mark the centennial of the birth of each President since Franklin Delano Roosevelt, with the exception of Lyndon Johnson.

text: Historic joint sessions[edit]

text:
The first occurrence of a joint session was on April 6, 1789 at Federal Hall in New York City during the 1st Congress, for the counting of electoral votes.
The first formally recorded joint meeting occurred on December 18, 1874 during the 43rd Congress in Washington, D.C., as a reception of King Kalākaua of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Because of a severe cold and hoarseness, the King could not deliver his speech, which was read by former Representative Elisha Hunt Allen, then serving as Chancellor and Chief Justice of the Hawaiian Islands.
On December 8, 1941, the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered the "Infamy Speech" to a joint session of Congress. Less than an hour later, Congress issued a formal declaration of war against Japan and officially brought the U.S. into World War II. This address is regarded as one of the most famous American political speeches of the 20th century.[12]
On March 15, 1965, President Lyndon Johnson, after witnessing marchers beaten during the "Bloody Sunday" incident during the first Selma to Montgomery march, called on Congress to write and pass a Voting Rights Act. During this speech Johnson used the words "We Shall Overcome".
On September 20, 2001, president George W. Bush gave a speech before a joint session of Congress in response to the September 11 attacks.[13][14]

tag: ul


document_title: All-Star Final Vote

question_text: when will mlb final vote winners be announced

text: All-Star Final Vote

text: All-Star selection[edit]

text: The All-Star Game managers selected the entire lineups from 1933 to 1946. In 1947, the fans were given the ability to select the starting lineups. This continued until 1957, when Cincinnati Reds fans stuffed the ballot box and selected seven Reds and Stan Musial. This forced Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick to step in and replace Wally Post and Gus Bell with Willie Mays and Hank Aaron that season and to turn over the starting lineup selection to players, coaches and managers for several subsequent seasons. Since 1970, the fans have elected the starting lineup of one player for each baseball position (except the pitcher) for both the National League and American League teams.[1]

text: In 2003, the major league players began electing a reserve for each position as well as five starters and three relievers, although the All-Star game managers performed this duty once.[2] Now, the "Player ballot" includes coaches, managers and players across both leagues who participate in choosing eight reserves and eight pitchers for each All-Star team.[3] Now, the managers only select the starting pitcher from among those pitchers already elected by the players. The managers also select the remainder of the roster spots except for the final spot while ensuring that each team has at least one representative. The All-Star game manager, guided by the baseball commissioner's office, then selects a list of five nominees for the fans to choose from for the remaining roster spot for each league's team.

text: On the Sunday evening nine days before the scheduled All-Star game, the rosters are announced and the All-Star Final Vote nominees are announced on a nationally broadcast show. The voting commences after the announcement of the nominees toward the end of the show, and continues for a prescribed number of days. Generally, a single daily update of the ballot standings is released during the voting. After voting concludes, the top vote-getter for each league is announced. Over the course of the seven years of the voting, over 100 million votes have been cast.[4]

text: History[edit]

text: The first All-Star Final Vote was held during the 2002 season. The 2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game had 30 player rosters so the fans were voting for the 30th player. The 2003 Major League Baseball All-Star Game rosters expanded to 32 following the 11-inning 2002 game.[5] As a result, the fans elected the 32nd player. In 2009, the rosters again expanded to 33, including 13 pitchers,  following the 15-inning 2008 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.[5] In 2003, the first corporate sponsor got involved in the ballot. Over the years, the sponsor has changed and the name of the fan voting procedure has changed both with the changing sponsors and the number of roster spots.

text: As of  2017[update], every franchise except the Seattle Mariners have had at least one nominee. As of  2017[update], the Chicago White Sox have had four winners, while the Boston Red Sox and Philadelphia Phillies have each had three winners.

text: As of  2017[update], the Chicago White Sox have had eleven nominees, most in the American League. The Washington Nationals have had eight, most in the National League. As of  2017[update], Billy Wagner is the only three-time nominee.[6] Shane Victorino is the only two-time winner.[7]As of  2017[update], no second baseman, shortstop, or designated hitter has been elected.

text: As of  2017[update], many All-Star Final Vote winners have played, but only one (Evan Longoria) has recorded an extra base hit or a run batted in. Chris Young became the first All-Star Final Vote winner to be involved in the decision as the losing pitcher of the 2007 All-Star Game. Johnny Damon was the first to record a hit or score a run.

text: Winners[edit]

text:
Year

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

2002

Johnny Damon

BOS

CF

(0/8)

Andruw Jones

ATL

CF

(1/7)

2003

Jason Varitek

BOS

C

(0/7)

Geoff Jenkins

MIL

LF

(0/6)

2004

Hideki Matsui

NYY

LF

(1/2)

Bobby Abreu

PHI

RF

(0/9)

2005

Scott Podsednik

CHW

OF

(0/5)

Roy Oswalt

HOU

SP

(0/5)

2006

A. J. Pierzynski

CHW

C

(1/9)

Nomar Garciaparra

LAD

1B

(5/11)

2007

Hideki Okajima

BOS

RP

(0/1)

Chris Young

SD

SP

(0/4)

2008

Evan Longoria

TB

3B

(0/1)

Corey Hart

MIL

OF

(0/5)

2009

Brandon Inge

DET

3B

(0/9)

Shane Victorino

PHI

CF

(0/7)

2010

Nick Swisher

NYY

OF

(0/7)

Joey Votto

CIN

1B

(0/4)

2011

Paul Konerko

CHW

1B

(4/15)

Shane Victorino

PHI

OF

(1/8)

2012

Yu Darvish

TEX

SP

(0/1)

David Freese

STL

3B

(0/4)

2013

Steve Delabar

TOR

RP

(0/2)

Freddie Freeman

ATL

1B

(0/4)

2014

Chris Sale

CHW

SP

(2/4)

Anthony Rizzo

CHC

1B

(0/3)

2015

Mike Moustakas

KC

3B

(0/4)

Carlos Martínez

STL

SP

(0/2)

2016

Michael Saunders

TOR

OF

(0/8)

Brandon Belt

SF

1B

(0/6)

2017

Mike Moustakas

KC

3B

(1/6)

Justin Turner

LAD

3B

(0/8)

tag: table

text: All charts include seasons (including the current one at the time of the voting) in which the player has appeared in a Major League game for years of experience. Below are some additional abbreviations used throughout.  All-star game experience is based on the time of the final ballot nominations (before voting).

text:
P – pitcher
SP – starting pitcher
RP – relief pitcher
C – catcher
1B – first baseman
2B – second baseman
SS – shortstop

3B – third baseman
RF – right fielder
CF – center fielder
LF – left fielder
OF – outfielder
DH – designated hitter

text:
ANA – Anaheim Angels (until 2004) / LAA (2005–present) – Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
ARZ – Arizona Diamondbacks
ATL – Atlanta Braves
BAL – Baltimore Orioles
BOS – Boston Red Sox
CHC – Chicago Cubs
CHW – Chicago White Sox
CIN – Cincinnati Reds
CLE – Cleveland Indians
COL – Colorado Rockies

DET – Detroit Tigers
FLA – Florida Marlins (until 2011) / MIA (2012–present) – Miami Marlins
HOU – Houston Astros
KC – Kansas City Royals
LAD – Los Angeles Dodgers
MIL – Milwaukee Brewers
MIN – Minnesota Twins
MTL - Montreal Expos (until 2004) / WSH (2005–present) – Washington Nationals
NYM – New York Mets
NYY – New York Yankees

OAK – Oakland Athletics
PHI – Philadelphia Phillies
PIT – Pittsburgh Pirates
SD – San Diego Padres
SF – San Francisco Giants
SEA – Seattle Mariners
STL – St. Louis Cardinals
TB – Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays
TEX – Texas Rangers
TOR – Toronto Blue Jays

text: Results[edit]

text:
Key

*

Election winners

^

All-Star Game substitutes

text: 2002 candidates[edit]

text: In 2002, the All-Star game rosters had 30 positions on each team so the fan voting was for the thirtieth roster spot. As a result, the official name of the contest was "The All-Star 30th Man".[8] The voting lasted only two days and was held exclusively online through each of the 30 teams' official websites and ESPN.com.[9] The voting for the July 9, 2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Final Vote started on June 30 and concluded on with the announcement of the results on July 2, 2002.[8] Both winners, Johnny Damon and Andruw Jones played center field and recorded 3 official All-Star game at bats.[10]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Votes

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star /  Seasons)

Votes

American League

National League

Johnny Damon*

BOS

CF

(0/8)

692,989

Andruw Jones*

ATL

CF

(1/7)

559,752

Jim Thome

CLE

1B

(3/12)

666,825

Brian Giles

PIT

RF

(2/8)

488,725

Eric Chavez

OAK

3B

(0/5)

266,110

Larry Walker

COL

RF

(5/14)

297,174

Magglio Ordóñez

CHW

RF

(3/6)

179,951

Albert Pujols

STL

1B

(1/2)

267,196

Darin Erstad

ANA

CF

(2/7)

122,458

Ryan Klesko

SD

1B

(1/11)

138,824

text: 2003 candidates[edit]

text: In 2003 the final vote had a named sponsor and the rosters expanded to 32 positions.  In 2003, ballot substitution was instituted. On Monday July 7, 2003, Kenny Lofton was added to the ballot to replace the Chicago Cubs' Corey Patterson who was injured on the day before.[11] The voting for the July 15, 2003 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Final Vote was extended to three days beginning Sunday, July 6, 2003 at 8 PM Eastern Time and ending on Wednesday, July 9, 2003 at 6 pm Eastern Time. Although the leading vote totals (Geoff Jenkins – 2,872,200, Jason Varitek – 3,210,509 of a total 10.8 million)[12] were released in 2003 individual results were not released for all contestants. In fact, the American League did not even release the final ordinal vote ranking with the final results so only the last update ordinal vote ranking is shown below.[13]

text: Neither Varitek nor Jenkins played, but both Giambi and Castillo batted as well as played in the field 2003 game as substitutes.[14] Giambi replaced Mike Sweeney.[15] Castillo was a last-minute addition to the team.[16]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Jason Varitek*

BOS

C

(0/7)

Geoff Jenkins*

MIL

LF

(0/6)

Frank Thomas

CHW

DH

(5/14)

Benito Santiago

SFG

C

(5/18)

Jason Giambi^

NYY

1B

(3/9)

Kenny Lofton

PIT

CF

(6/13)

Eric Byrnes

OAK

OF

(0/4)

Orlando Cabrera

MON

SS

(0/7)

Bengie Molina

ANA

C

(0/6)

Luis Castillo^

FLA

2B

(1/8)

text: 2004 candidates[edit]

text: The voting for the 2004 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Final Vote again continued for three days, running from Sunday, July 4, 2004 and ending on Wednesday, July 7, 2004.[17] The final results were announced with ordinal vote rankings (shown below) and approximate winning vote totals (Hideki Matsui – 1.2 million, Bobby Abreu – 2 million, of more than 9.5 million votes).[18] Abreu appeared as a pinch hitter, while Matsui both pinch hit and played left field.[19]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Hideki Matsui*

NYY

LF

(1/2)

Bobby Abreu*

PHI

RF

(0/9)

Frank Thomas

CHW

DH

(5/15)

Aramis Ramírez

CHC

3B

(0/7)

Paul Konerko

CHW

1B

(1/8)

Steve Finley

ARZ

CF

(2/16)

Lew Ford

MIN

OF

(0/2)

Jason Kendall

PIT

C

(3/9)

Travis Hafner

CLE

DH

(0/3)

Juan Pierre

FLA

CF

(0/5)

text: 2005 candidates[edit]

text: In 2005, the contest was again called the "Ameriquest All-Star Final Vote". The voting for the July 12, 2005 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Final Vote again continued for three days, running from Sunday, July 3, 2005 and ending on Wednesday, July 6, 2005. This marked the first time pitchers were nominated and the entire National League ballot was composed of pitchers. The American League ballot was composed of four outfielders and a shortstop.[20] 2005 marked the first year that cell phone text message voting was possible.[21] Derek Jeter and Roy Oswalt took the voting lead after Day 1.[21] By Day 2, Scott Podsednik overtook Jeter and went on to win.[22] Again, ordinal vote rankings (shown below) and winning vote totals (Podsednik – 3,965,473, Oswalt – 2,652,549 of 15 million votes) were revealed.[23]

text: Wagner was named to the 2005 team as a replacement for Pedro Martínez but did not play.[24][25] Both Oswalt and Podsednik played, but Podsednik did not record an official at bat.[25]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Scott Podsednik*

CHW

LF

(0/5)

Roy Oswalt*

HOU

SP

(0/5)

Derek Jeter

NYY

SS

(6/11)

Trevor Hoffman

SD

RP

(4/13)

Torii Hunter

MIN

CF

(1/9)

Brandon Webb

ARZ

SP

(0/3)

Hideki Matsui

NYY

LF

(2/3)

Billy Wagner^

PHI

RP

(3/11)

Carl Crawford

TB

LF

(1/4)

Brett Myers

PHI

SP

(0/4)

text: 2006 candidates[edit]

text: In 2006, the contest was called the "Monster All-Star Final Vote". The voting for the July 11, 2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Final Vote again continued for three days, running from Sunday, July 2, 2006 and ending on Wednesday, July 5, 2006. Again, only the ordinal vote rankings (shown below) and the leading vote getter totals (Nomar Garciaparra – 4 million, A. J. Pierzynski – over 3.6 million of 18.6 million votes) were announced by Major League Baseball.[26]

text: Liriano and Capuano were selected for the All-Star team as substitutes, but did not play.[27] Liriano replaced José Contreras,[28] and Capuano replaced Tom Glavine.[29] Neither Garciaparra nor Pierzynski played.[27]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

A. J. Pierzynski*

CHW

C

(1/9)

Nomar Garciaparra*

LAD

1B

(5/11)

Francisco Liriano^

MIN

SP

(0/2)

Chris Capuano^

MIL

SP

(0/4)

Travis Hafner

CLE

DH

(0/5)

Bobby Abreu

PHI

RF

(2/11)

Justin Verlander

DET

SP

(0/2)

Billy Wagner

NYM

RP

(4/12)

Ramón Hernández

BAL

C

(1/8)

Chris Young

SD

SP

(0/3)

text: 2007 candidates[edit]

text: The 2007 "Monster All-Star Final Vote" included only pitchers (the National League included only starting pitchers). This is the 2nd time (2005) only pitchers were eligible for the final roster spot selection.[30] The voting for the July 10, 2007 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Final Vote was the first four-day election, running from Sunday, July 1, 2007 and ending on Thursday, July 5, 2007. Voting leaders were announced daily. The ordinal vote rankings (shown below) and the leading vote getter totals (Young – over 4.5 million, Okajima – over 4.4 million of 23 million votes) were announced on the MLB.com results posting. Okajima (2–0, 0.88 ERA, & 4 saves in 38 relief appearances)[31] and Young (8–3, 2.00 ERA, 99 K)[32] are both first time all stars.

text: There was some controversy surrounding Roy Oswalt's nomination because he only had a 7–5 record at the time of nominations making him the only pitcher without eight wins nominated. However, he is considered by many to be the victim of lack of run support, questionable relief pitching and an average defense.[33] This respect was shown by the players who had voted him to sixth place among National League starting pitchers making him the first alternate in case of injury to any of the five elected All-star starting pitchers.[4] On the final day of All-Star Final Vote voting, it was announced that Oswalt (who was running third in the All-Star Final Vote) would replace John Smoltz who withdrew from All-Star game participation due to injury.[34]

text: Brandon Webb of the Diamondbacks, the reigning NL Cy Young Award winner, replaced injured Colorado reliever Brian Fuentes.[35] Neither Webb nor Oswalt played.[36] Okajima did not play, but Young pitched 1 inning allowing a walk and a 2 run inside-the-park home run.[37] As a result, he was the losing pitcher.

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Hideki Okajima*

BOS

RP

(0/1)

Chris Young*

SD

SP

(0/4)

Jeremy Bonderman

DET

SP

(0/5)

Carlos Zambrano

CHC

SP

(2/7)

Pat Neshek

MIN

RP

(0/2)

Roy Oswalt^

HOU

SP

(2/7)

Kelvim Escobar

LAA

SP

(0/11)

Brandon Webb^

ARZ

SP

(1/5)

Roy Halladay

TOR

SP

(4/10)

Tom Gorzelanny

PIT

SP

(0/3)

text: 2008 candidates[edit]

text: The 2008 "Monster All-Star Final Vote" included no pitchers. The voting for the July 15, 2008 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Final Vote began Sunday, July 6, 2008 and ended on Thursday, July 10, 2008.[38] The ordinal vote rankings (shown below) and the leading vote-getter totals (Longoria – 9 million, Hart – 8 million of 47.8 million votes) were announced on the MLB.com results posting. Longoria and Hart were both first-time all stars.

text: Longoria drew a record nine million votes for his selection, over second-place finisher Jermaine Dye. Jason Giambi finished in third after a highly publicized "Support the 'Stache" campaign. Brian Roberts finished in fourth, followed by José Guillén. Hart accumulated eight million votes, the second highest vote total in the competition's history. Hart joined teammates outfielder Ryan Braun and pitcher Ben Sheets. Finishing in a close second was New York Mets third baseman David Wright, who eventually made the team as a replacement for injured Chicago Cubs outfielder Alfonso Soriano.[39]

text: Longoria was the first third baseman and second rookie to win the Final Vote. Hart's victory marked the third time that a club had a winning representative more than once; Geoff Jenkins (also from the Milwaukee Brewers) was elected in 2003. The other two clubs to have achieved this are the Red Sox (Damon, Varitek and Okajima) and the White Sox (Podsednik and Pierzynski).[40]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Evan Longoria*

TB

3B

(0/1)

Corey Hart*

MIL

OF

(0/5)

Jermaine Dye

CHW

OF

(2/13)

David Wright^

NYM

3B

(3/5)

Jason Giambi

NYY

1B

(5/14)

Pat Burrell

PHI

OF

(0/9)

Brian Roberts

BAL

2B

(2/8)

Aaron Rowand

SF

OF

(1/8)

José Guillén

KC

OF

(0/12)

Carlos Lee

HOU

OF

(3/10)

text: 2009 candidates[edit]

text: The 2009 "All-Star Game Sprint Final Vote" included no pitchers for the second consecutive year. The voting ran from Sunday, July 5 through Thursday, July 9. Eight of the selected players had never been an MLB All-Star. Washington Nationals shortstop Cristian Guzmán is a two-time All-Star, and Texas Rangers second baseman Ian Kinsler was an All-Star in 2008. In exchange for their sponsorship, text voting was available exclusively on Sprint capable mobile phones.[41]

text: The Philadelphia Phillies and Detroit Tigers encouraged businesses in Michigan and Pennsylvania to allow their workers time off on Wednesday and Thursday to vote for both Inge and Victorino who were in second place in early voting.  Victorino became the fourth Hawaiian (following pitchers Ron Darling, Sid Fernandez and Charlie Hough) to be selected to the Major League All-star game.  This year's ballot, which is shown below in order of finish, was influenced by advertisements, online commercials, fliers, merchandise, official endorsements from people such as 2008 Republican presidential candidate John McCain, and contemporary technology such as Twitter.[42]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Brandon Inge*

DET

3B

(0/9)

Shane Victorino*

PHI

CF

(0/6)

Ian Kinsler

TEX

2B

(1/4)

Pablo Sandoval

SF

3B

(0/2)

Chone Figgins^

LAA

3B

(0/8)

Mark Reynolds

ARZ

3B

(0/3)

Carlos Peña^

TB

1B

(0/9)

Matt Kemp

LAD

CF

(0/4)

Adam Lind

TOR

DH/LF

(0/4)

Cristian Guzmán

WSH

SS

(2/10)

text: 2010 candidates[edit]

text: 2010 Major League Baseball All-Star Game managers Joe Girardi of the American League and Charlie Manuel of the National League presented the 5-man ballots for the 2010 All-Star Game MLB.com Final Vote Sponsored by Sprint to determine the 34th player for each All-Star roster.[43]  Votto was named on 13.7 million of the 26 million ballots, followed by Zimmerman, Gonzalez and Wagner, in order.  Swisher, who at the time was the most followed Twitter user, edged out Youkilis, in what was described as the closest race in the history of the All-Star Final Vote.[44]  Heath Bell was named substitute for Yovani Gallardo before the conclusion of the Final Vote and was removed from the ballot.[44]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Nick Swisher*

NYY

RF

(0/7)

Joey Votto*

CIN

1B

(0/3)

Kevin Youkilis

BOS

1B

(2/7)

Ryan Zimmerman

WSH

3B

(1/5)

Michael Young

TEX

3B

(7/11)

Carlos Gonzalez

COL

OF

(0/3)

Paul Konerko^

CHW

1B

(3/13)

Billy Wagner^

ATL

RP

(6/15)

Delmon Young

MIN

LF

(0/4)

Heath Bell^

SD

RP

(1/6)

text: 2011 candidates[edit]

text: 2011 Major League Baseball All-Star Game managers Ron Washington of the American League and Bruce Bochy of the National League presented the 5-man ballots for the 2011 All-Star Game Final Vote Sponsored by Sprint to determine the 34th player for each All-Star roster. Internet fans were able to vote at MLB.com and MLB team websites, while American and Canadian fans were also able to vote by text.[6]  Fans were encouraged to participate as campaign managers by generating votes via Twitter, Facebook and MLB.com websites for their choice.[6]  The fans elected Paul Konerko and Shane Victorino with 8.4 and 9.2 million votes of 50 million votes. Victorino was the first-two-time winner.[7][45]  MLB.com voters received special offers for discounts or free service.[7]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Paul Konerko*

CHW

1B

(4/14)

Shane Victorino*

PHI

OF

(1/8)

Victor Martinez

DET

C/DH

(4/9)

Andre Ethier^

LAD

OF

(1/6)

Alex Gordon

KC

OF

(0/5)

Todd Helton

COL

1B

(5/14)

Adam Jones

BAL

OF

(1/5)

Michael Morse

WSH

1B

(0/7)

Ben Zobrist

TB

2B

(1/5)

Ian Kennedy

ARZ

P

(0/4)

text: 2012 candidates[edit]

text: 2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game offered the fans 5-man ballots to express their opinions in the 2012 All-Star Game Final Vote Sponsored by Firestone to determine the 34th player for each All-Star roster. Internet fans were able to vote at MLB.com and MLB team websites, while American and Canadian fans were also able to vote by text.[46] In the final few hours, fans were allowed to vote via Twitter for the first time by using specific hashtags, but Chipper Jones' name was removed since he had been named to the All-Star game as a replacement for the injured Matt Kemp.[47] The four hours of Twitter voting brought about 2500 votes per minute. Over 50 million votes were cast in the Final vote in total.[48]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Yu Darvish*

TEX

P

(0/1)

David Freese*

STL

3B

(0/4)

Jonathan Broxton

KC

P

(2/7)

Michael Bourn^

ATL

OF

(1/6)

Ernesto Frieri

LAA

RP

(0/3)

Bryce Harper^

WSH

OF

(0/1)

Jason Hammel

BAL

P

(0/7)

Aaron Hill

ARZ

2B

(1/8)

Jake Peavy^

CWS

P

(3/10)

Chipper Jones^

ATL

3B

(7/19)

text: 2013 candidates[edit]

text: 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game offered the fans 5-man ballots to express their opinions in the 2013 All-Star Game Final Vote to determine the 34th player for each All-Star roster. Internet fans were able to vote at MLB.com, MLB team websites and via by text.[49] In the final six hours, fans were allowed to vote via Twitter.[50] The contest saw an unusual alliance in which Toronto Blue Jays and Atlanta Braves fans supported each other's nominees.[51] This resulted in Toronto relief pitcher Steve Delabar and Atlanta first baseman Freddie Freeman winning the voting. Both Freeman and National League runner-up Yasiel Puig surpassed the 2009 15.6 million vote record, with Freeman totalling 19.7.[52] The overall vote total of 79.2 million votes also surpassed the 2009 record (68.6 million).[50]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Steve Delabar*

TOR

P

(0/2)

Freddie Freeman*

ATL

1B

(0/4)

David Robertson

NYY

P

(1/6)

Ian Desmond

WSH

SS

(1/5)

Koji Uehara

BOS

P

(0/5)

Adrian Gonzalez

LAD

1B

(4/10)

Tanner Scheppers

TEX

P

(0/1)

Hunter Pence

SF

OF

(2/7)

Joaquín Benoit

DET

P

(0/13)

Yasiel Puig

LAD

OF

(0/1)

text: 2014 candidates[edit]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Chris Sale*

CHW

P

(2/4)

Anthony Rizzo*

CHC

1B

(0/3)

Garrett Richards

LAA

P

(0/3)

Justin Morneau

COL

1B

(4/11)

Rick Porcello

DET

P

(0/5)

Justin Upton

ATL

OF

(2/7)

Corey Kluber

CLE

P

(0/3)

Anthony Rendon

WAS

3B

(0/1)

Dallas Keuchel

HOU

P

(0/2)

Casey McGehee

MIA

3B

(0/5)

text: 2015 candidates[edit]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Mike Moustakas*

KC

3B

(0/4)

Carlos Martinez*

STL

P

(0/2)

Xander Bogaerts

BOS

SS

(0/2)

Johnny Cueto

CIN

P

(1/7)

Yoenis Céspedes

DET

OF

(1/3)

Jeurys Familia

NYM

P

(0/3)

Brian Dozier^

MIN

2B

(0/3)

Clayton Kershaw^

LAD

P

(4/7)

Brett Gardner^

NYY

OF

(0/7)

Troy Tulowitzki^

COL

SS

(4/9)

text: 2016 candidates[edit]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Michael Saunders*

TOR

OF

(0/8)

Brandon Belt*

SFG

1B

(0/6)

Ian Kinsler

DET

2B

(4/11)

Ryan Braun

MIL

OF

(6/10)

Evan Longoria

TB

3B

(3/9)

Jake Lamb

ARI

3B

(0/3)

Dustin Pedroia

BOS

2B

(4/11)

Starling Marte^

PIT

OF

(0/5)

George Springer

HOU

OF

(0/3)

Trevor Story

COL

SS

(0/1)

text: 2017 candidates[edit]

text:
Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

Player

Team

Position

Experience(All Star / Seasons)

American League

National League

Mike Moustakas*

KC

3B

(1/6)

Justin Turner*

LAD

3B

(0/8)

Elvis Andrus

TEX

SS

(2/8)

Justin Bour

MIA

1B

(0/3)

Xander Bogaerts

BOS

SS

(1/4)

Kris Bryant

CHC

3B

(2/2)

Didi Gregorius

NYY

SS

(0/5)

Anthony Rendon

WSH

3B

(0/4)

Logan Morrison

TAM

1B

(0/7)

Mark Reynolds

COL

1B

(0/10)

text: Nominees and winners by team[edit]

text:
* – Includes replaced nominee
** – Was Anaheim Angels from 1997 to 2004.
*** – Was Florida Marlins from 1993 to 2011.
**** – Was Tampa Bay Devil Rays from 1998 to 2007.
***** – Was Montreal Expos from 1969 to 2004.

text:
Team

Nominees

Winners

Winning Percentage

Arizona Diamondbacks

7

0

.000

Atlanta Braves

6

2

.333

Baltimore Orioles

4

0

.000

Boston Red Sox

7

3

.429

Chicago Cubs *

3

1

.333

Chicago White Sox

11

4

.364

Cincinnati Reds

2

1

.500

Cleveland Indians

4

0

.000

Colorado Rockies

6

0

.000

Detroit Tigers

8

1

.125

Houston Astros

5

1

.200

Kansas City Royals

4

1

.250

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim **

6

0

.000

Los Angeles Dodgers

6

1

.167

Miami Marlins ***

3

0

.000

Milwaukee Brewers

4

2

.500

Minnesota Twins

6

0

.000

New York Mets

3

0

.000

New York Yankees

8

2

.250

Oakland Athletics

2

0

.000

Philadelphia Phillies

7

3

.429

Pittsburgh Pirates

5

0

.000

San Diego Padres

5

1

.200

San Francisco Giants

5

1

.200

Seattle Mariners

0

0

N/A

St. Louis Cardinals

3

2

.667

Tampa Bay Rays ****

5

1

.200

Texas Rangers

4

1

.250

Toronto Blue Jays

4

2

.500

Washington Nationals *****

7

0

.000


document_title: The American Baking Competition

question_text: where is the great american baking show filmed

text: The American Baking Competition

text: Format[edit]

text: The show aimed to find among its contestants the best amateur baker in the US. Ten contestants were chosen for the first season. In each episode, the amateur bakers were given three challenges: a signature dish, a technical challenge, and a show-stopper.[4] The three challenges took place over two days, and the dishes made by the contestants were assessed by the judges after each challenge. At the end of the 3 challenges, the judges chose a Star Baker for the week, and a contestant was also eliminated. In the finale three bakers were left and a winner was chosen from the three.

text:
Signature dish – a dish using their own tried and tested recipe that the amateur bakers make for their family and friends.[5]
Technical dish - a dessert using the same ingredients and recipe provided by the judges. The recipe given however has missing instructions and is designed to test the knowledge and skill of the bakers. The bakers are not told beforehand what the challenge might be, and the judges do not observe the bakers at work and judge the resulting dish without knowing who made them.[5] This round is the only one where how each contestant performed is directly revealed. The contestants are given a ranking, but that ranking is not their total score for the episode.
Show-stopper dish - a recipe designed to impress the judges.[5]

text: The competition was held in one location in a specially constructed marquee. Interspersed in the show were short videos on the background of the contestants, as well as information on the history of baking and visiting various locations.

text: The entire season series was shot over a one-month period.[6]

text: The winner of the competition received a $250,000 grand prize and a publishing contract with Simon & Schuster.[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: On October 17, 2012, CBS ordered the series under the original title Bake-Off.[8][9] Since Pillsbury Company held the trademark to the name (using it for its Pillsbury Bake-Off), the show was later renamed The American Baking Competition.[6]

text: CBS placed casting calls for participants on November 14, 2012. Auditions were held between December 1 and December 15, 2012.[10] The competition took place at the Gibbs Gardens in Ball Ground, Georgia in March 2013.[6]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The first season of The American Baking Competition premiered on May 29, 2013.[1] It aired four episodes in the Wednesdays at 8 p.m. Eastern/9 p.m. Central timeslot. On June 26, 2013, it moved to 9 p.m. Eastern/8 p.m. Central, to make way for Big Brother, and aired its three remaining episodes in that timeslot. Both of these timeslots put the series opposite Fox's MasterChef.

text: In 2015, ABC premiered a second U.S. version of the format, The Great Holiday Baking Show. The Christmas-themed revival ran for four episodes as part of ABC's December lineup, and featured Johnny Iuzzini joined by British judge Mary Berry. The series returned for a second season in 2016, re-named The Great American Baking Show.[11][12][13]

text: The Bakers[edit]

text:
Baker
Age
(on show debut)
Occupation
(on show)
Hometown
Notes

Brian Emmett
43
Marketing Executive
Itasca, Illinois
Originally from Glendale Heights, Illinois

Carlo Fuda
35
Social Marketing Consultant
Stamford, Connecticut
Originally from Ellwood City, Pennsylvania

Darlene Pawlukowsky
51
Project Manager
Johns Creek, Georgia
Originally from Mt. Prospect, Illinois

Effie Sahihi
40
Attorney
Hendersonville, Tennessee
Born in Israel and raised in Winter Haven, Florida

Elaine Francisco
63
Retired
Claremont, California

Francine Bryson
44
Homemaker
Pickens, South Carolina
Born in Greenville, South Carolina and raised in Wakulla, Florida.

James Reddick
26
Photographer
Hollywood, California
Originally from Indianapolis, Indiana

Jeremy Cross
35
Firefighter
San Diego, California

Kolette Biddle
30
Home Health Care Provider
Norco, California

Whitney Beery
21
College Student
Lubbock, Texas
Originally from Castle Rock, Colorado

text: Results summary[edit]

text:
Elimination chart

Baker[14]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Brian

SB
WINNER

Darlene

SB
SB

RUNNER-UP

Francine
SB

RUNNER-UP

Elaine

SB
SB

OUT

James

OUT

Effie

OUT

Kolette

OUT

Jeremy

OUT

Whitney

OUT

Carlo
OUT

text: Color Key:

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Episode 1: "Pies & Tarts"[edit]

text: Episode one aired on May 29, 2013. The theme of the episode was sweet and savory pies and tarts.

text: For the signature bake, the bakers were given two hours to bake an American pie. On the technical bake, the bakers were required to bake a free-standing savory pie using Paul Hollywood's own recipe. The pie would be a hot water crust pastry and the bakers were given two hours. For the showstopper, the bakers needed to make 36 sweet tartlets within three hours.[15]

text: Color key:      Eliminated      Star Baker      Winner.

text:
Baker
Signature
(The All American Pie)
Technical
(Freestanding Savory Pie)
Showstopper
(36 Sweet Tartlets)

Brian
Maple Bourbon Chocolate Pecan Pie
1st
Raspberry & Dark Chocolate Tartlets

Carlo
Ricotta Easter Pie
10th
Calabrese "Pite" Tartlets

Darlene
Sweet Potato Pie
9th
Blooming Apple Tartlets

Effie
Apple, Quince, Rose pie
6th
Orange Almond Vanilla & Ricotta Tartlets

Elaine
Peach Cobbler Pie
2nd
Lemon Ginger Tartlets

Francine
Peanut Butter Bacon Pie
3rd
Chocolate Cherry Tartlets

James
Mile High Apple Pie
8th
Ricotta & Greek Yogurt Honey Tartlets

Jeremy
Sweet Potato Pie
4th
Kiwi, Mango & Blueberry Tartlets

Kolette
Chocolate Hazelnut Pie
5th
Goat Cheese & Cherry Tartlets

Whitney
Lemon Meringue Pie
7th
Rum Coconut Tartlets with Custard & Orange Zest

text: Episode 2: "Cookies"[edit]

text: Episode two aired on June 5, 2013. The theme of the episode was all kinds of cookies.

text: The bakers were set the challenge of baking 12 cookies in an hour and a half using their own recipe, and all the cookies baked should be presented to the judges. For the technical challenge, the bakers were required to make in two hours 18 S'mores using Marcela's recipe. For the final showstopper, the bakers were given four hours to bake 40 sandwich Macarons. They must be of two different types, have a delicate crisp shell and soft chewy center.[16]

text:
Baker
Signature
(Cookies)
Technical
(S'mores)
Showstopper
(40 Sandwich Macarons)

Brian
Cakey Chocolate Chip Cookies
8th
Coffee Cream and Mint Chocolate Macarons

Darlene
Red Rose Crumbles
6th
Black Sesame and Chocolate Cinnamon Macarons

Effie
Rosemary Cherry Meyer Lemon Cookies
1st
Saffron Rose and Curry Coconut Lime Macarons

Elaine
Ginger Cookies
7th
Coconut Ganache and Lemon Buttercream Macarons

Francine
"Slap-Yo-Mama" Chocolate Fudge Cookies
2nd
Drunken Orange and Raspberry Ganache Macarons

James
Brutti ma Buoni with Hazelnut Glaze
9th
Clementine and Earl Grey Macarons

Jeremy
"Fat Pills"
5th
Strawberry and Chocolate Peanut Butter Macarons

Kolette
White Chocolate Macadamia Nut Cookies
3rd
Candied Ginger and Meyer Lemon Macarons

Whitney
Soft Lemon Poppyseed Cookies
4th
Mocha and Chai Macarons

text: Episode 3: "Cakes"[edit]

text: Episode three aired on June 12, 2013. The theme of the episode was cake.

text: The bakers were set to make a One-Layer Cake in 90 minutes in the signature bake. In the technical challenge, they were given two hours and fifteen minutes to bake a Chiffon Cake with Tequila Orange Glaze using Marcela's recipe. For the showstopper, the challenge was to make a Surprise Inside Cake where, when sliced open, a surprise design is revealed. The bakers were given five hours for the challenge.[17]

text:
Baker
Signature
(One-Layer Cake)
Technical
(Chiffon Cake)
Showstopper
(Surprise Inside Cake)

Brian
Dark Chocolate Truffle Cake
5th
All-American Hamburger Surprise Cake

Darlene
Banana, Pineapple and Pecan Tiki-time Cake
4th
Give a Dog a Bone Cake

Effie
Orange Cardamom Pistachio Cake
7th
I Love You to the Moon and Back Cake

Elaine
Coconut Pineapple Upside-Down Cake
3rd
Valentine's Day Cake

Francine
Cherry Soda Pop Cake
1st
Floating Hearts Cake

James
Coffee Cake
2nd
Underground Surprise Cake

Jeremy
Cinnamon Chocolate Cake
6th
Single layer Cherpumple Cake

Kolette
Oatmeal Spice Cake
8th
Check, Check, Check it out Cake

text: Episode 4: "Breads"[edit]

text: Episode four aired on June 19, 2013. The theme of the episode was bread and pastries.

text: For the signature bake, the bakers had three hours to make a free-form loaf of bread. The bread had to be yeast bread, and hand shaped. In the technical bake, the bakers were given one hour and 45 minutes to make eight large soft pretzels using Paul's recipe. Immediately following the technical challenge, the bakers went on to make the showstopper, which was two types of croissants, one plain and one filled. They were given two hours the first day, allowed the dough to rise overnight in the fridge, and then three hours the next day to finish the bake.[18]

text:
Baker
Signature
(Loaf of Yeast Bread)
Technical
(Soft Pretzels)
Showstopper
( 24 Croissants)

Brian
Onion-Braided Loaf
3rd
Plain and Ham & Chive-Filled Croissants

Darlene
Twist-and-turn Pesto Wheel
1st
Plain and Apricot & Pecan-Filled Croissants

Effie
Enriched Challah Bread
6th
Plain and Pear-Filled Croissants

Elaine
Old-Fashioned Potato Loaf
4th
Plain and Raspberry & White Chocolate-Filled Croissants

Francine
Red Hot, Pecan, and Brown Sugar Loaf
2nd
Plain and Date, Nut & Honey-Filled Croissants

James
Prosciutto, Capicola, and Pepperoni Loaf
7th
Plain and Chocolate-Filled Croissants

Kolette
German Pumpernickel
5th
Plain and Almond-Filled Croissants

text: Episode 5: "Desserts"[edit]

text: Episode five aired on June 26, 2013. The theme of the episode was sweet baked goods.

text: For the signature bake, the bakers must make 8 individual custards, either sweet like a crème brûlée, or using a more savory recipe. They had 90 minutes to finish the task. In the technical bake, the challenge was to bake a chocolate soufflé, however. As the soufflé can fall within minutes of coming out of the oven, the start time for the bakers was staggered so that each bake can be judged immediately after it was baked. The bakers were each given an hour and 45 minutes. For the final challenge, the bakers were required to produce a layered dessert featuring meringue in five hours.[19]

text:
Baker
Signature
(8 Custards)
Technical
(Chocolate Soufflé)
Showstopper
(Multi-layer Meringue Cakes)

Brian
Jalapeño and Chorizo Custards
6th
Almond Meringue Cake

Darlene
Vanilla Custards
3rd
Chocolate Meringue Cake

Effie
Lime Pots de Creme
5th
Hazelnut Meringue Creation

Elaine
Crab and Fresh Corn Custards
2nd
Nutty Meringue Stack

Francine
Dreamsicle Custards
4th
Raspberry, Lemon & Meringue Chiffon Cake

James
Caramel Espresso Custards
1st
Pavlova & Lemon Layer Cake with Berries

text: Episode 6: "Patisserie"[edit]

text: Episode six aired on July 3, 2013. It was the semi-finals of the competition. The theme of the episode was French pastries, often called patisserie.

text: The tarte tatin was the signature bake. The contestants were required to complete it in two hours and fifteen minutes. For the technical bake, the bakers were required to make 4 Napoleons, using Paul Hollywood's own recipe, in two and a half hours. For the showstopper, the contestants had to make a choux tower in four and a half hours.[20]

text:
Baker
Signature
(Tarte tatin)
Technical
(4 Napoleons)
Showstopper
(Choux tower)

Brian
French Onion Tarte Tatin
1st
Chocolate Mousse Choux Tower

Darlene
Apple, Pear, Cranberry Tarte Tatin
3rd
Orange & Grand Marnier Cream Choux Tower

Elaine
Bartlett Pear Tarte Tatin
4th
Chocolate Espresso Cream Choux Tower

Francine
Peach Tarte Tatin
2nd
Vanilla Cream Choux Tower

James
Asian Pear Tarte Tatin
5th
Chocolate & Orange Liqueur Cream Choux Tower

text: Episode 7: "Finale"[edit]

text: Episode seven aired on July 10, 2013. It was the finals of the competition. The theme was patriotism, with dishes that were all related to the United States.

text: The contestants could make anything for the signature bake but had to include the official state crop of Georgia, the peanut; they had a time limit of two hours thirty minutes. The contestants had two hours forty-five minutes to complete a Paul Hollywood recipe; a dozen Boston Cream Donuts. For the showstopper the final three contestants had five hours to make 72 miniature desserts inspired by the American flag; 24 mini-meringues, 24 mini-tarts and 24 mini-cakes.[21]

text:
Baker
Signature
(Peanuts)
Technical
(Dozen Boston Cream Donuts)
Showstopper
(72 miniature desserts)

Brian
Vanilla Peanut Chiffon Roll with a Peanut Mousse Filling,
topped with Peanut Praline
3rd
Whipped Cream filled Mini-Meringues with White Chocolate dipped Popcorn
Mascarpone Cream filled Mini-Tarts with berries
Raspberry White Chocolate Mini-Cakes with berries

Darlene
Peanut Cake Roll with Peanut Cream Filling
1st
4 July Mini-Meringues with Pop Rocks Candy
Peach and Grit Mini-Tarts
Strawberry USA Mini-Cakes

Francine
Spiced Peanut Peanut Butter Torte with a Cream Cheese
Filling and a Cookie Crumble Shell
2nd
Blueberry Cream-Filled Mini-Meringues
Red, White & Blue Mini-Cakes covered in White Chocolate
Peaches and Cream Creampuffs pastries

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The American Baking Competition has received mixed reviews from critics.

text: Liane Bonin Starr of HitFix stated that the series was "surprisingly nice" for a reality TV series. She felt that it was very mellow, so "it was up to judges Marcela Valladolid and Paul Hollywood to provide some acid to the recipe." She did appreciate the series's showcasing of the food, saying "what the show lacks in intensity it makes up for in food."[22]

text: TV Line's Michael Slezak described the series as "half-baked" stating that there was "not really enough time to focus on getting to know the players" or to get "a real insight into their baking philosophies." Additionally, the pilot's outcome was described as "as predictable as the use of butter in a pie crust." He expressed hope that "future installments might take a few tips from various Food Network competition shows and put a little more emphasis on the actual dishes."[23]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The series premiered to a disappointing 1.0 rating in the Adults 18-49 demographic and 5.11 million total viewers.[24] This made it the worst ever Wednesday premiere for a CBS show.[25] However, it rose in ratings for the first two weeks, a feat ratings experts called "extremely rare."[26] It had seemed like the series would be boosted by moving behind Big Brother on June 26, but it didn't end up that way, as the ratings were generally the same after the move.[27] The last two episodes did not help the series, as it went down slightly, a movement that was not good for the series's renewal prospects.[27] The show was cancelled in July 2013.[28]

text:
[hide]Episode list

Episode
Air date
Rating / share
Households
Rating / share
18–49
Viewers
(millions)
Weekly ranking

18–49
Total viewers

1[24][29][30]
May 29, 2013 (2013-05-29)
3.4 / 6
1.0 / 3
5.11
41
27

2[31][32]
June 5, 2013 (2013-06-05)
3.1 / 6
1.1 / 4
4.73
>25
29

3[33][34][35]
June 12, 2013 (2013-06-12)
3.9 / 7
1.2 / 4
5.68
24
22

4[36][37][38]
June 19, 2013 (2013-06-19)
3.7 / 7
1.2 / 4
5.80
23
14

5[39][40][41]
June 26, 2013 (2013-06-26)
3.3 / 5
1.2 / 4
5.10
23
>25

6[42][43]
July 3, 2013 (2013-07-03)

1.1 / 4
4.70
23
19

7[44][45][46]
July 10, 2013 (2013-07-10)
3.1 / 5
1.1 / 3
4.83
>25
25


document_title: Mamma Mia! (film)

question_text: where does the movie mamma mia take place

text: Mamma Mia! (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On the Greek island of Kalokairi, 20-year-old bride-to-be Sophie Sheridan reveals to her bridesmaids that she has secretly invited three men to her wedding without telling her mother, Donna. They are the men that her mother's diary reveals could have been her father: Irish-American architect Sam Carmichael, Swedish adventurer and writer Bill Anderson, and British banker Harry Bright. She dreams of being given away by her father at her wedding, and believes that after she spends time with them she will know which is her father.

text: Sophie's mother Donna, who owns a villa, is ecstatic to reunite with her former Dynamos bandmates, wisecracking author Rosie Mulligan and wealthy multiple divorcée Tanya Chesham-Leigh, and reveals her bafflement at her daughter's desire to get married. Donna shows off the villa to Rosie and Tanya. The three men arrive and Sophie smuggles them to their room. She does not reveal that she believes one of them is her father, but does explain that she and not her mother sent the invitations. She begs them to hide so Donna will be surprised by the old friends of whom she "so often" favourably speaks. They overhear Donna working and swear not to reveal Sophie's secret.

text: Donna spies them and is dumbfounded to find herself facing former lovers, demanding they leave. She confides in Tanya and Rosie that she truly does not know which of the three fathered Sophie. Tanya and Rosie rally her spirits by getting her to dance with an all female ensemble of staff and islanders. Sophie finds the men aboard Bill's yacht, and they sail around Kalokairi, telling stories of Donna's carefree youth. Sophie plans to tell her fiancé Sky about her ploy, but loses her nerve. Sky and Sophie sing to each other, but Sky is abducted for his bachelor party.

text: At Sophie's bachelorette party, Donna, Tanya, and Rosie perform. When Sam, Bill, and Harry arrive, Sophie decides to talk with each of them alone. While her girlfriends dance with the men, Sophie learns from Bill that Donna received the money for her villa from his great-aunt Sofia. Sophie guesses she must be Sofia's namesake. She asks him to give her away and keep their secret until the wedding. Sophie's happiness is short-lived as Sam and Harry each pull her aside to tell her they are her father and will give her away. Sophie, overwhelmed by the consequences of raising the hopes of all three "fathers", faints.

text: In the morning, Rosie and Tanya assure Donna they will take care of the men. Bill and Harry intend to tell each other what they learned the previous night, but Rosie interrupts them. Donna confronts Sophie, believing Sophie wants the wedding stopped. Sophie says that all she wants is to avoid her mother's mistakes. Sam accosts Donna, concerned about Sophie getting married so young. Donna confronts him and they realize they still have feelings for each other. Tanya and young Pepper continue flirtations from the previous night. Sophie confesses to Sky and asks for his help. He reacts angrily to Sophie's deception and she turns to her mother for support. As Donna helps her daughter dress for the wedding, their rift is healed and Donna reminisces about Sophie's childhood. Donna admits her mother disowned her when she became pregnant. Sophie asks Donna to give her away. As the bridal party walks to the chapel, Sam intercepts Donna, who reveals the pain she felt over losing him.

text: Sophie and Donna walk down the aisle as the band plays. Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men. Sam reveals that while he left Donna to get married, he did not go through with it, but returned to find Donna with another man. The men do not want paternity confirmed, agreeing to be one-third of a father for Sophie. She tells Sky they should postpone their wedding and travel the world. Sam proposes to Donna. She accepts and they are married. At the reception, Sam sings to Donna, Rosie makes a play for Bill and Harry openly admits he is gay. The couples proclaim their love. Sophie and Sky sail away.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Meryl Streep as Donna Sheridan, Sophie's mother, owner of the hotel Villa Donna.
Amanda Seyfried as Sophie Sheridan, Donna's 20-year-old daughter, Sky's fiancée.
Pierce Brosnan as Sam Carmichael, Sophie's possible father (or new step-father) and an Irish-American architect.
Colin Firth as Harry Bright, Sophie's possible father and a British banker.
Stellan Skarsgård as Bill Anderson, Sophie's possible father, a Swedish sailor and travel writer.
Dominic Cooper as Sky, Sophie's fiancé who is designing a website for the hotel.
Julie Walters as Rosie Mulligan, one of Donna's former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; an unmarried fun-loving author.
Christine Baranski as Tanya Chesham-Leigh, Donna's other former bandmate; a rich three-time divorcee.
Philip Michael as Pepper, Sky's best man who likes Tanya. He is also a bartender.
Juan Pablo Di Pace as Petros.
Ashley Lilley as Ali, close friend of Sophie and her bridesmaid.
Rachel McDowall as Lisa, close friend of Sophie and her bridesmaid.
Enzo Squillino as Gregoris, one of Donna Sheridan's employees.
Niall Buggy as Father Alex, priest who nearly marries Sophie and Sky, but ends up marrying Sam and Donna.

text:
Benny Andersson as "Dancing Queen" piano player
Björn Ulvaeus as Greek god
Rita Wilson as Greek goddess

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: The following songs are included in the film, of which 18 (including a hidden track) are on the soundtrack album, and 3 are excluded:

text:
"I Have a Dream" from Voulez-Vous (1979) – Sophie
"Honey, Honey" from Waterloo (1974) – Sophie, Ali and Lisa
"Money, Money, Money" from Arrival (1976) – Donna, Tanya, Rosie and Company
"Mamma Mia" from ABBA (1975) – Donna, Sophie, Ali, Lisa and Greek Chorus
"Chiquitita" from Voulez-Vous (1979) – Rosie, Tanya and Donna
"Dancing Queen" from Arrival (1976) – Tanya, Rosie, Donna and Company
"Our Last Summer" from Super Trouper (1980) – Harry, Bill, Sam and Sophie
"Lay All Your Love on Me" from Super Trouper (1980) – Sky, Sophie, Sky's Bachelor party friends.
"Super Trouper" from Super Trouper (1980) – Donna, Tanya and Rosie
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)" non-album single (1979) – Sophie, Donna, Tanya, Rosie, Ali, Lisa and Greek Chorus
"Voulez-Vous" from Voulez-Vous (1979) – Donna, Sam, Tanya, Rosie, Harry, Bill, Sky, Ali, Lisa and Pepper
"The Name of the Game" from ABBA: The Album (1977) – Sophie (deleted scene)
"SOS" from ABBA (1975) – Sam, Donna and Greek Chorus
"Does Your Mother Know" from Voulez-Vous (1979)– Tanya, Pepper, Lisa, Guys and Girls
"Slipping Through My Fingers" from The Visitors (1981) – Donna and Sophie
"The Winner Takes It All" from Super Trouper (1980) – Donna
"I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" from ABBA (1975) – Sam, Donna and Company
"When All Is Said and Done" from The Visitors (1981) – Sam, Donna and Company
"Take a Chance on Me" from ABBA: The Album (1977) – Rosie, Bill, Tanya, Pepper, Harry and Company
"Mamma Mia!" (Reprise) – Company
"I Have a Dream" (Reprise) – Sophie
"Dancing Queen" (Reprise) – Donna, Rosie and Tanya
"Waterloo" from Waterloo (1974) – Donna, Rosie, Tanya, Sam, Bill, Harry, Sky and Sophie
"Thank You for the Music" from ABBA: The Album (1977) – Sophie

tag: ol

text: The Musical Director of the film was Grammy-Award winner[2] Martin Lowe, a graduate of the University of Hull.[3]

text: Production[edit]

text: Most of the outdoor scenes were filmed on location at the small Greek island of Skopelos (during August/September 2007),[4] and the seaside hamlet of Damouchari in the Pelion area of Greece. On Skopelos, Kastani beach on the south west coast was the film's main location site.[4] The producers built a beach bar and jetty along the beach, but removed both set pieces after production wrapped.[4] A complete set for Donna's Greek villa was built at the 007 stage at Pinewood Studios and most of the film was shot there. Real trees were utilised for the set, watered daily through an automated watering system and given access to daylight in order to keep them growing.

text: The part of the film where Brosnan's character, Sam, leaves his New York office to go to the Greek Island was actually filmed at the Lloyd's Building on Lime Street in the City of London. He dashes down the escalators and through the porte-cochere, where yellow cabs and actors representing New York mounted police were used for authenticity.[5]

text: The Fernando, Bill Anderson's yacht (actually a ketch) in the film was the Tai-Mo-Shan built in 1934 by H. S. Rouse at the Hong Kong and Whampoa dockyards.[6][7]

text: Meryl Streep took opera singing lessons as a child, and as an adult, she previously sang in several films, including Postcards from the Edge, Silkwood, Death Becomes Her, and A Prairie Home Companion.[8] She was a fan of the stage show Mamma Mia! after seeing it on Broadway in September 2001, when she found the show to be an affirmation of life in the midst of the destruction of 9/11.[9]

text: Release[edit]

text: Though the world premiere of the film occurred elsewhere, most of the media attention was focused on the Swedish premiere, where Anni-Frid Lyngstad and Agnetha Fältskog joined Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson with the cast at the Rival Theatre in Mariatorget, Stockholm, owned by Andersson, on July 4, 2008. It was the first time all four members of ABBA had been photographed together since 1986.[10]

text: Reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 54% based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "This jukebox musical is full of fluffy fun but rough singing voices and a campy tone might not make you feel like 'You Can Dance' the whole 90 minutes."[11] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[12] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.

text: The Times gave it four stars out of five,[13] as did Channel 4 (Britain) which said it had "all the swing and sparkle of sequined bell-bottoms."[14] BBC Radio 5 Live's film critic Mark Kermode admitted to enjoying the film, despite describing the experience as 'the closest you get to see A-List actors doing drunken karaoke'.[15] The Guardian was more negative, giving it one star, stating that the film gave the reviewer a "need to vomit",[16] while Bob Chipman of Escape to the Movies said it was "so base, so shallow and so hinged on meaningless spectacle, it's amazing it wasn't made for men".[17] The Daily Telegraph stated that it was enjoyable but poorly put together ("Finding the film a total shambles was sort of a shame, but I have a sneaking suspicion I'll go to see it again anyway."),[18] whereas Empire said it was "cute, clean, camp fun, full of sunshine and toe tappers."[19]

text: The casting of actors not known for their singing abilities led to some mixed reviews. Variety stated that "some stars, especially the bouncy and rejuvenated Streep, seem better suited for musical comedy than others, including Brosnan and Skarsgård."[20] Brosnan, especially, was savaged by many critics: his singing was compared to "a water buffalo" (New York Magazine),[21] "a donkey braying" (The Philadelphia Inquirer)[22] and "a wounded raccoon" (The Miami Herald),[23] and Matt Brunson of Creative Loafing Charlotte said he "looks physically pained choking out the lyrics, as if he's being subjected to a prostate exam just outside of the camera's eye."[24]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Mamma Mia! grossed $144.1 million in the United States and $471.6 million in other terrotiries for a worldwide total of $615.7 million, against a production budget of $52 million.[1] It became the highest grossing live-action musical of all time, until it was surpassed by Bill Condon's Beauty and the Beast in 2017. It was also the highest-grossing movie directed by a woman, until it was surpassed by Patty Jenkins' Wonder Woman in 2017.[25] It is the third highest-grossing film of 2008 internationally (i.e., outside North America) with an international total of $458.4 million and the thirteenth highest gross of 2008 in North America (the US and Canada) with $144.1 million.

text: In the United Kingdom, Mamma Mia! has grossed £69.2 million as of January 23, 2009, and is the ninth highest-grossing film of all time at the UK box office.[26] The film opened at #1 in the U.K, taking £6.6 million on 496 screens. It managed to hold onto the top spot for 2 weeks, narrowly keeping Pixar's WALL-E from reaching #1 in its second week.[citation needed]

text: When released on July 3 in Greece, the film grossed $1.6 million in its opening weekend, ranking #1 at the Greek box office.[27]

text: The film made $9.6 million in its opening day in the United States and Canada, and $27.6 million in its opening weekend, ranking #2 at the box office, behind The Dark Knight.[28] At the time, it made Mamma Mia! the record-holder for the highest grossing opening weekend for a movie based on a Broadway musical, surpassing Hairspray's box office record in 2007 and later surpassed by Into the Woods.[29]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Golden Globe Awards[30]

Best Motion Picture: Comedy or Musical—nominated
Best Actress in a Motion Picture: Comedy or Musical (Meryl Streep)—nominated

BAFTA Awards[31]

Outstanding British Film—nominated
The Carl Foreman Award for Special Achievement by a British Director, Writer or Producer for their First Feature Film (Judy Craymer)—nominated
Outstanding Music (Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus)—nominated

Golden Raspberry Awards[32]

Worst Supporting Actor (Pierce Brosnan)—won

text: Home media[edit]

text: In November 2008, Mamma Mia! became the fastest-selling DVD of all time in the UK, according to Official UK Charts Company figures. It sold 1,669,084 copies on its first day of release, breaking the previous record (held by Titanic) by 560,000 copies. By the end of 2008, the Official UK Charts Company declared that it had become the biggest selling DVD ever in the UK, with one in every four households owning a copy (over 5 million copies sold).[33] The record was previously held by Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl with sales of 4.7 million copies.

text: In the United States, the DVD made over $30 million on its first day of release.[34] By December 31, 2008, Mamma Mia! became the best-selling DVD of all time in Sweden with 545,000 copies sold.[35]

text:
Sing-along
"The Name of the Game" deleted musical number
Audio commentary with director Phyllida Lloyd

text: The single-disc DVD released in Sweden on 26 November contains all of the following:

text:
Sing-along
"The Name of the Game" deleted musical number
Deleted scenes
Outtakes
The Making of Mamma Mia! featurette
Anatomy of a Musical Number: "Lay All Your Love on Me"
Becoming a Singer featurette
A look inside Mamma Mia! featurette
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!" music video
Björn Ulvaeus cameo
Audio commentary with director Phyllida Lloyd
German and English audio
Subtitles in English, German, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic

text: The widescreen single-disc includes a bonus disc which includes:

text:
Limited time only digital copy
Deleted scenes and outtakes
The Making of Mamma Mia! featurette
Anatomy of a Musical Number: "Lay All Your Love on Me"
Becoming a Singer featurette
Behind the scenes with Amanda
On Location in Greece featurette
A Look Inside Mamma Mia! featurette
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!" music video
Björn Ulvaeus cameo

text:
Universal Pictures' U-Control[36]
Behind the Hits (details and trivia of the music while the musical performance plays)
Picture-in-picture (access to cast and crew interviews and behind the scene while the movie plays)

text: A bonus disc is included in a separate case and bundled with the movie, and includes:[37]

text:
A Talented Trio: The Creators of Mamma Mia! (creator bios)
Christine Baranski and the Boys (choreography of "Does Your Mother Know?")
Breaking Down "Voulez-Vous" (choreography)
More of "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!" (choreography)
Meryl's Big Number (choreography of "Mamma Mia")
VH1's 10 Most Excellent Things: Mamma Mia! (documentary clip)

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Because of the film's financial success, Hollywood studio chief David Linde, the co-chairman of Universal Studios told The Daily Mail that it would take a while, but there could be a sequel. He stated that he would be delighted if Judy Craymer, Catherine Johnson, Phyllida Lloyd, Benny Andersson, and Björn Ulvaeus agreed to the project, noting that there are still plenty of ABBA songs to use.[38] Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again was announced on May 19, 2017, with a planned release date of July 20, 2018.[39] It will be written and directed by Ol Parker.[40] On June 1, 2017, it was announced that Seyfried would be returning as Sophie.[41] Later that month, Dominic Cooper confirmed in an interview that he would be returning for the sequel along with Streep, Firth and Brosnan.[42] In July 2017, Baranski was confirmed to return as Tanya.[43] That same month, Lily James was confirmed to portray young Donna.[44] Jeremy Irvine and Alexa Davies are also set to portray younger versions of Sam and Rosie, respectively.[45] Julie Walters and Stellan Skarsgård will also return as Rosie and Bill, respectively.[46]


document_title: Chicken or the egg

question_text: what is first the chicken or the egg

question_tokens: what is first the chicken or the egg

text: Chicken or the egg

text: Ancient paradox[edit]

text: The question represents an ancient folk paradox addressing the problem of origins and first cause.[3] Aristotle, writing in the fourth century B.C., would describe the problem.  He concluded that this was an infinite sequence, with no true origin.[3] Plutarch, writing four centuries later, specifically highlighted this question as bearing on a "great and weighty problem (whether the world had a beginning)."[4] In the fifth century CE, Macrobius wrote that while the question seemed trivial, it "should be regarded as one of importance."[4]

text: By the end of the 16th century, the well-known question seemed to have been regarded as settled in the Christian world, based on the origin story of the Bible. In describing the creation of animals, it allows for a first chicken that did not come from an egg.  However, later enlightenment philosophers began to question this solution.[4]

text: Scientific resolutions[edit]

text: Although the question is typically used metaphorically, evolutionary biology provides literal answers, made possible by the Darwinian principle that species evolve over time, and thus that chickens had ancestors that were not chickens,[4] similar to a view expressed by the Greek philosopher Anaximander when addressing the paradox.[3]

text: If the question refers to eggs in general, the egg came first. The first amniote egg — that is, a hard-shelled egg that could be laid on land, rather than remaining in water like the eggs of fish or amphibians — appeared around 312 million years ago.[5] In contrast, chickens are domesticated descendants of red junglefowl and probably arose little more than eight thousand years ago, at most.[6]

text: If the question refers to chicken eggs specifically, the answer is still the egg,[7] but the explanation is more complicated. The process by which the chicken arose through the interbreeding and domestication of multiple species of wild jungle fowl is poorly understood, and the point at which this evolving organism became a chicken is a somewhat arbitrary distinction. Whatever criteria one chooses, an animal nearly identical to the modern chicken (i.e., a proto-chicken) laid a fertilized egg that had DNA identical to the modern chicken (due to mutations in the mother's ovum, the father's sperm, or the fertilised zygote).[8][4][9][10]  Put more simply by Neil deGrasse Tyson: "Which came first: the chicken or the egg? The egg — laid by a bird that was not a chicken."[11]

text: Alternatively, if the question refers specifically to the chicken egg as it exists today, the answer may be different.  Chickens produce a protein, ovocleidin-17 (OC-17), that is expressed in the uterus and causes the formation of the thickened calcium carbonate shell around modern chicken eggs.  Because OC-17 is expressed by the hen and not the egg, the bird in which the protein first arose, though having hatched from a non-reinforced egg, would then have laid the first egg having such a reinforced shell: the chicken would have preceded this first "modern" chicken egg.[9][12]  This is only the case, however, if OC-17 arose after the domestication of their wild-fowl ancestors gave rise to chickens.