document_title: List of Indian Premier League records and statistics

question_text: which player highest numbers of runs in ipl history

text: Team records

text: Results summary

text:
Team
Span
Mat
Won
Lost
Tie+W
Tie+L
NR
Win %
Titles

Mumbai Indians
2008–2017
157
91
65
1
0
0
58.28
3

Royal Challengers Bangalore
2008–2017
153
72
76
1
1
3
48.66
0

Kolkata Knight Riders
2008–2017
148
77
69
0
2
0
52.70
2

Kings XI Punjab
2008–2017
148
68
78
2
0
0
46.62
0

Delhi Daredevils
2008–2017
147
62
82
0
1
2
43.10
0

Chennai Super Kings
2008–2015
132
79
51
0
1
1
60.68
2

Rajasthan Royals
2008–2015
118
61
53
2
1
1
53.41
1

Sunrisers Hyderabad
2013–2017
76
41
34
1
0
0
54.60
1

Deccan Chargers
2008–2012
75
29
46
0
0
0
38.66
1

Pune Warriors India
2011–2013
46
12
33
0
0
1
26.66
0

Rising Pune Supergiants
2016–2017
30
15
15
0
0
0
50.00
0

Gujarat Lions
2016–2017
30
13
16
0
1
0
45.00
0

Kochi Tuskers Kerala
2011–2011
14
6
8
0
0
0
42.85
0

text: Note:

text:
Defunct Teams
Tie+W and Tie+L indicates matches tied and then won or lost by "Super Over"
The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties (irrespective of a tiebreaker) as half a win
The total matches does not include matches played for Champions League T20

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Highest totals

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

7002264166666666669♠263/5 [a]
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors India
2013

248/3
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Gujarat Lions
2016

7002247166666666670♠246/5
Chennai Super Kings
Rajasthan Royals
2010

7002241166666666670♠240/5
Chennai Super Kings
Kings XI Punjab
2008

7002235166666666670♠235/1
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Mumbai Indians
2015

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Lowest totals

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

7001680909090909090♠49
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Kolkata Knight Riders
2017

7001680909090909090♠58
Rajasthan Royals
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2009

7001680909090909090♠66
Delhi Daredevils
Mumbai Indians
2017

7001680909090909090♠67
Delhi Daredevils
Kings XI Punjab
2017

7001680909090909090♠67
Kolkata Knight Riders
Mumbai Indians
2008

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Highest successful run chases

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

217/7
Rajasthan Royals
Deccan Chargers
2008

214/3
Delhi Daredevils
Gujarat Lions
2017

211/4
Kings XI Punjab
Sunrisers Hyderabad
2014

208/5
Chennai Super Kings
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2012

206/4
Kings XI Punjab
Chennai Super Kings
2014

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Lowest scores defended

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Opponent score
Season

116/9
Chennai Super Kings
Kings XI Punjab
92/8
2009

118
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Mumbai Indians
87
2018

119/8
Kings XI Punjab
Mumbai Indians
116/7
2009

Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors India
108/10
2013

120/9
Mumbai Indians
Pune Warriors India
119/6
2012

126/8
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Chennai Super Kings
112/8
2008

Sunrisers Hyderabad
Pune Warriors India
104/10
2013

text: Largest victories (by runs)

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

146
Mumbai Indians
Delhi Daredevils
2017

144
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Gujarat Lions
2016

140
Kolkata Knight Riders
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2008

138
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Kings XI Punjab
2015

130
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors
2013

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Batting records

text: Most runs

text:
Batsman
Inns
Runs
Span

 Virat Kohli (RCB)
142
4767
2008–2018

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
158
4544
2008–2018

 Sharma, RohitRohit Sharma (DC, MI)
155
4222
2008–2018

 Gambhir, GautamGautam Gambhir (DD, KKR)
148
4187
2008–2018

 David Warner (DD, SRH)
114
4014
2009–2017

text: Last updated: 8 April 2018

text: Highest individual score

text:
Batsman
Runs
Balls
Opp
Season

 Gayle, ChrisChris Gayle (RCB)
7002175000000000000♠175*
66
PWI
2013

 McCullum, BrendonBrendon McCullum (KKR)
7002158000000000000♠158*
73
RCB
2008

 Villiers, AB deAB de Villiers (RCB)
7002133000000000000♠133*
59
MI
2015

 Villiers, AB deAB de Villiers (RCB)
7002129000000000000♠129*
52
GL
2016

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
7002128000000000000♠128*
62
DD
2012

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most sixes (overall)

text:
Batsman
Inn
6's
Span

 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP)
100
265
2009–2017

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
157
173
2008–2017

 Rohit Sharma (DC, MI)
154
172
2008–2017

 David Warner (DD, SRH)
114
160
2009–2017

 Virat Kohli (RCB)
141
159
2008–2017

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most sixes (innings)

text:
Batsman
6's
Opponent
Season

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
17
PWI
2013

 Brendon McCullum (KKR)
13
RCB
2008

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
DD
2012

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
12
KXIP
2015

 AB de Villiers (RCB)
GL
2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Fastest centuries

text:
Batsman
Balls
Opp
Season

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
30
PWI
2013

 Yusuf Pathan (RR)
37
MI
2010

 David Miller (KXIP)
38
RCB
2013

 Adam Gilchrist (DC)
42
MI
2008

 AB de Villiers (RCB)
43
GL
2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Fastest fifties

text:
Batsman
Balls
Opp
Season

 K. L. Rahul (KXIP)
14
DD
2018

 Sunil Narine (KKR)
15
RCB
2017

 Yusuf Pathan (KKR)
SRH
2014

 Suresh Raina (CSK)
16
KXIP
2014

 Sunil Narine (KKR)
17
RCB
2018

 Kieron Pollard (MI)
KKR
2016

 Chris Morris (DD)
GL
2016

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
PWI
2013

 Adam Gilchrist (DC)
DD
2009

 Jos Buttler (RR)
18
DD
2018

text: Last updated: 8 April 2018

text: Best strike rate

text:
Batsman
SR
Span

 Russell, AndreAndre Russell (DD, KKR)
173.41
2012–2016

 Chris Morris (CSK, DD, RR)
165.66
2013–2017

 Maxwell, GlennGlenn Maxwell (DD, KXIP, MI)
164.39
2012–2017

 Pandya, KrunalKrunal Pandya (MI)
158.41
2016–2017

 Lynn, ChrisChris Lynn (DC, KKR)
158.02
2012–2017

text: Minimum balls faced – 125

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Bowling records

text: Most wickets

text:
Bowler
Inn
Wkts
Span

 Malinga, LasithLasith Malinga (MI)
110
154
2009–2017

 Mishra, AmitAmit Mishra (DC, DD, SRH)
126
134
2008–2017

 Harbhajan Singh (MI)
134
127
2008–2017

 Piyush Chawla (KXIP, KKR)
128
126
2008–2017

 Dwayne Bravo (CSK, GL, MI)
103
122
2008–2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Best bowling figures in an innings

text:
Player
Ovr
BBI
Opp
Season

 Sohail TanvirSohail Tanvir (RR)
4.0
7000706666666666670♠6-14
CSK
2008

 Zampa, AdamAdam Zampa (RPS)
4.0
7000616666666666670♠6-19
SRH
2016

 Kumble, AnilAnil Kumble (RCB)
3.1
7000616666666666670♠5-5
RR
2009

 Sharma, IshantIshant Sharma (DC)
3.0
7000607692307692310♠5-12
KTK
2011

 Malinga, LasithLasith Malinga (MI)
3.4
7000607142857142860♠5-13
DD
2011

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Best bowling averages

text:
Player
Mat
Average
Span

 Doug Bollinger (CSK)
27
18.72
2010–2012

 Mascarenhas, DimitriDimitri Mascarenhas (KXIP, RR)
13
18.73
2008–2013

 Malinga, LasithLasith Malinga (MI)
110
19.01
2009–2017

 Farveez Maharoof (DC)
20
19.25
2008–2010

 Chaminda Vaas (DC)
13
19.72
2008–2010

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Best economy rates

text:
Player
Mat
Econ
Span

 Narine, SunilSunil Narine (KKR)
82
6.33
2012–2017

 Shaun Pollock (MI)
13
6.54
2008–2008

 Ashwin, RavichandranRavichandran Ashwin (CSK, RPS, KXIP)
111
6.54
2009–2016

 Kumble, AnilAnil Kumble (RCB)
42
6.57
2009–2010

 Glenn Mcgrath (DD)
14
6.61
2008–2008

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most runs conceded in an innings

text:
Bowler
Overs
Wkts
Runs
Opp
Season

 Ishant Sharma (SRH)
4.0
0
66
CSK
2013

 Umesh Yadav (DD)
4.0
0
65
RCB
2013

 Sandeep Sharma (KXIP)
4.0
1
65
SRH
2014

 Varun Aaron (DD)
4.0
2
63
CSK
2012

 Ashok Dinda (PWI)
4.0
0
63
MI
2013

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most dot balls bowled

text:
Player
Inns
Dot Balls

 Praveen Kumar
119
1075

 Harbhajan Singh
134
1062

 Lasith Malinga
110
1060

 Dale Steyn
90
978

 Amit Mishra
126
953

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most maiden overs bowled

text:
Player
Inns
Maidens

 Praveen Kumar
119
14

 Irfan Pathan
101
10

 Lasith Malinga
110
8

 Sandeep Sharma
56
8

 Dhawal Kulkarni
72
7

 Dale Steyn
90
7

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: List of hat-tricks

text:
No.
Bowler
Opp
Season

1
 Lakshmipathy Balaji (CSK)
KXIP
2008

2
 Amit Mishra (DD)
DC
2008

3
 Makhaya Ntini (CSK)
KKR
2008

4
 Yuvraj Singh (KXIP)
RCB
2009

5
 Rohit Sharma (DC)
MI
2009

6
 Yuvraj Singh (KXIP)
DC
2009

7
 Praveen Kumar (RCB)
RR
2010

8
 Amit Mishra (DC)
KXIP
2011

9
 Ajit Chandila (RR)
PWI
2012

10
 Sunil Narine (KKR)
KXIP
2013

11
 Amit Mishra (SRH)
PWI
2013

12
 Pravin Tambe (RR)
KKR
2014

13
 Shane Watson (RR)
SRH
2014

14
 Axar Patel (KXIP)
GL
2016

15
 Samuel Badree (RCB)
MI
2017

16
 Andrew Tye (GL)
RPS
2017

17
 Jaydev Unadkat (RPS)
SRH
2017

text: Hat-tricks in IPL[1]

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Wicketkeeping and fielding records

text: Most dismissals

text:
Wicket Keeper
Dis
Ct
St
Span

 Karthik, DineshDinesh Karthik (DD, KXIP, MI, RCB)
106
80
26
2008–2017

 MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS)
102
72
30
2008–2017

 Uthappa, RobinRobin Uthappa (KKR, MI, PWI, RCB)
90
58
32
2008–2017

 Naman Ojha (DD, RR, SRH)
75
65
10
2008–2017

 Patel, ParthivParthiv Patel (CSK, DC, KTK, MI, RCB, SRH)
71
57
14
2008–2017

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most catches (fielder)

text:
Player
Ct
Span

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
86
2008–2017

 AB de Villiers (DD, RCB)
72
2008–2017

 Rohit Sharma (DC, MI)
71
2008–2017

 Kieron Pollard (MI)
70
2010–2017

 Dwayne Bravo (CSK, MI)
60
2008–2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Miscellaneous records

text:
Records
Player /
Team
Stats
Season /
Span

Team

Most wins[2]
Mumbai Indians
91
(2008–2017)

Most defeats[2]
Delhi Daredevils
82
(2008–2017)

Highest win%[2]
Chennai Super Kings
60.68
(2008–2015)

Largest victory (runs)[3]
Mumbai Indians v Delhi Daredevils
146
2017

Most consecutive wins
(season)[4]
Kolkata Knight Riders
9
2014

Most consecutive wins
(overall)
Kolkata Knight Riders
10
(2014–2015)

Most consecutive defeats
(season)[5]
Delhi Daredevils
Pune Warriors
9
2014
2012

Most consecutive defeats
(overall)
Delhi Daredevils
Pune Warriors
11
(2014–2015)
(2012–2013)

Batting

Most 100s[6]
 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP)
6
(2008–2018)

Most 50s[7]
 David Warner (DD, SRH)
36
(2009–2017)

Highest Partnership[8]
 Virat Kohli (RCB)
 AB de Villiers (RCB)
229
2016

Most ducks[9]
 Harbhajan Singh (MI)
13
(2008–2016)

Bowling

Most 4 wicket hauls[10][11]
 Sunil Narine (KKR)
6
(2012–2016)

Most 5 wicket hauls[12]
 James Faulkner (KXIP, PWI, RR )
2
(2011–2015)

Most hat-tricks[1]
 Amit Mishra (DC, DD, SRH)
3
(2008–2014)

Other Miscellaneous

Most matches[13]
 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
161
(2008–2017)

Most matches as captain[14]
 MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS)
143
(2008–2016)

Most man of the matches[15]
 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP)
20
(2008–2018)

Most matches as umpire[16]
 Kumar Dharmasena
87
(2009–2016)

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Awards


document_title: List of programs broadcast by Nick at Nite

question_text: when is mom coming to nick at night

question_tokens: when is mom coming to nick at night

root

text: Current programming[edit]

text: Acquired programming[edit]

text: Sitcoms[edit]

text:
Title
Premiere date
Timeslots

Full House
October 6, 2003September 10, 2012 (Current run)
Saturday from 9:00 PM-10:00 PM, and Sunday from 8:00 PM-10:00 PM

Friends
September 5, 2011
Every Day from 11:00 PM-1:00 AM

George Lopez
September 10, 2007
Every Day from 3:18 AM-6:00 AM

The Goldbergs
September 18, 2017
Every Day from 6:00 AM-7:00 AM

Mom
July 3, 2018
Every Day from 1:00 AM-3:18 AM

tag: table

text: Repeats of Nickelodeon series[edit]

text:
Title
Premiere date
Timeslots

SpongeBob SquarePants
July 16, 2018
Weeknights from 9:00-10:00.

text: Movie presentations[edit]

text: Nick at Nite Movie Night (2015–present) (Weekdays & Weeknights only)

tag: ul

text: Former programming[edit]

text:
1 Indicates program that had also been broadcast on Nickelodeon.
2 Indicates program that is/had also been broadcast on TeenNick.
3 Indicates program that had also been broadcast on NickMom.
4 Indicates program that currently airs on TV Land.
5 Indicates program that aired as part of Nick at Nite's 20 Years.

tag: p

text: Original programming[edit]

text:
Title
Premiere date
Finale date
Year(s) aired

On the Television
April 1, 1990
1991
1991–95

Hi Honey, I'm Home!
July 19, 1991
July 12, 1992
1992–95

Family Face Off: Hollywood
November 29, 2004
December 27, 2004
2004–05

Hi-Jinks
August 2, 2005
October 31, 2006
2006–07

The Search For The Funniest Mom In America
Spring 2005
May 13, 2007
2007

At the Poocharelli's
2006
2006
N/A

Bet the House
2007
2008

Family BrainSurge
July 18, 2011
November 17, 2011
2011

Hollywood Heights2
June 18, 2012
August 10, 2012
2012

See Dad Run2
October 6, 2012
August 13, 2015
2015

Wendell & Vinnie2 3
February 16, 2013
September 22, 2013
2013

Instant Mom2 3
September 29, 2013
December 19, 2015
2015–16

text: Animated Programs[edit]

text:
Title
Premiere date
Finale date
Year(s) aired

Fatherhood
June 20, 2004
November 27, 2005
N/A

Glenn Martin, DDS
August 17, 2009
November 7, 2011
2011-12

text: Game Shows Programs[edit]

text: Children's programming[edit]

text:
Title
Distributor
Year(s) aired

The Bugaloos
CBS Television Distribution
1995

Dennis the Menace1
Sony Pictures Television
1985–92

Flipper1
MGM Television
1996

H.R. Pufnstuf
CBS Television Distribution
1995[1]

Land of the Lost
CBS Television Distribution
1995[1]

Lassie1
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
July 1985–September 1988, 1989–96

Lidsville
CBS Television Distribution
1995[1]

Looney Tunes1
Warner Bros. Television
1989–92

Mister Ed1
MGM Television
March 1986–January 1993, June 26, 1995

The Monkees1
Sony Pictures Television
November 1986–September 1987, 1988; June 27, 1995, 1997

Sigmund and the Sea Monsters

1995[1]

text: Repeats of Nickelodeon series[edit]

text:
Title
Premiere date
Finale date
Year(s) aired

All That
June 25, 2012
July 12, 2012
2

Double Dare (2018)

June 29, 2018
July 10, 2018
2

Kenan & Kel
June 25, 2012
July 12, 2012
2

Mr. Wizard's World1
1991
1995

Victorious
July 8, 2012
October 18, 2012
2

SpongeBob SquarePants
2001
2005

text: Acquired programming[edit]

text: Comedy[edit]

text:
Title
Distributor
Year(s) aired

All in the Family
Sony Pictures Television
1998–2005

America 2-Night
Sony Pictures Television
1990–93

The Andy Griffith Show
CBS Television Distribution
2000–054

The Ann Sothern Show
CBS Television Distribution
January 1987–April 1990, June 26, 1995

The Bad News Bears
CBS Television Studios
1987; 1991–2008

Benson
ABC Television
June 20055

The Betty White Show
20th Television
1996–98

The Beverly Hillbillies
CBS Television Distribution
2000–01

Bewitched
Sony Pictures Television
September 1989–August 1992; 1994–2000

The Bob Newhart Show
20th Television
September 1993–98

The Brady Bunch
CBS Television Distribution
1995; 1998–2003; 2012

Car 54, Where Are You?
CBS Television Distribution
July 1987–April 1990, June 27, 1995

Charles in Charge
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
2002–03

Cheers
CBS Television Distribution
2001–04; June 20055

Coach
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
2002–03

The Cosby Show
The Carsey-Werner Company
2002–105

Designing Women
Sony Pictures Television
2006–08

The Dick Van Dyke Show
CBS Television Distribution
September 1991 – 2000

A Different World
The Carsey-Werner Company
2006

Diff'rent Strokes
Sony Pictures Television
2000–02

The Donna Reed Show
Sony Pictures Television
July 1985–March 1994, June 26, 1995

Electra Woman and Dyna Girl

1995[1]

Everybody Hates Chris
CBS Television Distribution
2009–12

Everybody Loves Raymond
CBS Television Distribution
20154

F Troop
Warner Bros. Television
October 1991–95

The Facts of Life
Sony Pictures Television
2000–01

Family Feud Hosted by Steve Harvey
Debmar-Mercury
2016

Family Matters
Warner Bros. Television
June 29, 2008–December 31, 2012

Family Ties
CBS Television Distribution
2001–03; June 20055

Fernwood 2 Night
Sony Pictures Television
June 1990–April 1993, July 1995

The Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air
Warner Bros. Television
2004-2009; 2014-2018

Get Smart
CBS Television Distribution
January 1991–December 1994, June 28, 1995

Gidget
Sony Pictures Television
1985–95

Gilligan's Island
Warner Bros. Television
2000–01

Green Acres
MGM Television
1989–92; 1997

Growing Pains
Warner Bros. Television
2007–09

Hangin' with Mr. Cooper
Warner Bros. Television
2014

Happy Days
CBS Television Distribution
1996–2000; 2002–03; 2005–09

Head of the Class
Warner Bros. Television
2003

Home Improvement
Disney-ABC Domestic Television
2007–12

How I Met Your Mother
20th Television
2014–154

I Dream of Jeannie
Sony Pictures Television
June 1994–97

I Love Lucy
CBS Television Distribution
February 1994 – 2001

The Jeff Foxworthy Show
Sony Pictures Television
1998–2009

The Jeffersons
Sony Pictures Television
1999–2002

Kate & Allie
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
June 20055

Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp
CBS Television Studios
April 1988–February 1989, June 27, 1995

Laverne & Shirley
CBS Television Distribution
1998–2001; 2003–09

Leave It To Beaver
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
2002

The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour
CBS Television Distribution
1994–2000

The Lucy Show
CBS Television Distribution
1992–96

Mad About You
Sony Pictures Television
2006–07

Mad Movies with the L.A. Connection
20th Television
1987–89

Make Room For Daddy
CBS Television Distribution
February 1988–January 1991, June 25, 1995

Malcolm in the Middle
20th Television
2009–12

The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
20th Television
April 1990–September 1993, June 28, 1995

Married... with Children
Sony Pictures Television
2011–12

The Mary Tyler Moore Show
20th Television
September 1992 – 2000

Maude
Sony Pictures Television
1999

Mork & Mindy
CBS Television Distribution
March 1991–95, July 1995

The Munsters
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
June 30, 1995–97

Murphy Brown
Warner Bros. Television
2005–075

My Three Sons
CBS Television Distribution
November 1985–October 1991, June 26, 1995

My Wife and Kids
Disney-ABC Domestic Television
2010–14

The Nanny
Sony Pictures Television
January 2009–October 5, 2013

The New Adventures of Old Christine
Warner Bros. Television
2013–144

Newhart
20th Television
1997–2000

NewsRadio
Sony Pictures Television
2006

Night Court
Warner Bros. Television
June 20055

The Odd Couple
CBS Television Distribution
1996–99

The Partridge Family
Sony Pictures Television
1993–94, July 1995

The Patty Duke Show
MGM Television
September 1988–August 1993, June 28, 1995

Perfect Strangers
Warner Bros. Television
2003

Petticoat Junction
CBS Television Distribution
1996; TV Land Preview

The Phil Silvers Show
CBS Television Distribution
1996; TV Land Preview

Phyllis
20th Television
1996–98

Rhoda
20th Television
1996–98

Roseanne
The Carsey-Werner Company
2003–104

Sabrina, the Teenage Witch
CBS Television Distribution
2003–092

Sanford and Son
Sony Pictures Television
1999–2001

Silver Spoons
Sony Pictures Television
2001

The Smothers Brothers Show
20th Television
May 1986–February 1989, June 27, 1995

Susie

1987–90

Taxi
CBS Television Distribution
November 1994 – 2001

That '70s Show
The Carsey-Werner Company
2011–12; 20143

That Girl
CBS Television Distribution
1996

Three's Company
DLT Entertainment/FremantleMedia
2000–06

Two and a Half Men
Warner Bros. Television
December 7, 2017 - July 2, 2018

Welcome Back, Kotter
Warner Bros. Television
1995–96

Who's The Boss?
Sony Pictures Television
2004–06

Wings
CBS Television Distribution
2003–05

WKRP in Cincinnati
20th Television
1999–2000

The Wonder Years
20th Television
1997–2001

Yes, Dear
20th Television
2012–14

text: Repeats of TV Land series[edit]

text:
Title
Year(s) aired

Hot in Cleveland
2015

Impastor
2015

The Jim Gaffigan Show
2015

Lopez
20164

Teachers
20164

Younger
20154

text: Drama[edit]

text:
Title
Distributor
Year(s) aired

Adventures of Superman
Warner Bros. Television
September 1990–95

Alfred Hitchcock Presents
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
August 1990–December 1994, June 28, 1995

Cannon
CBS Television Distribution
1996; TV Land Preview

Dragnet
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
1991–95

Hill Street Blues
20th Television
1996; TV Land Preview

I Spy
Peter Rodgers Organization
May 1986–August 1988, June 27, 1995

Mannix
CBS Television Distribution
1996; TV Land preview

Route 66
Sony Pictures Television
July 1985–June 1988, June 26, 1995

St. Elsewhere
20th Television
1996; TV Land Preview

The White Shadow
20th Television
1994–96

text: Variety[edit]

text:
America's Funniest Home Videos - (1989–94) Bob Saget episodes (2008-2013)
The Ed Sullivan Show (1996; TV Land Preview)
Kids Say the Darndest Things - Bill Cosby version (2001–05)
National Geographic Explorer1 (1985–86)
Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (October 1987–August 1990, June 27, 1995)
Saturday Night Live (September 1988–December 1991, June 28, 1995)
SCTV (September 1988–March 1990, June 27, 1995)
The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (1988–89)
Teacher to Teacher (early 2000s)
Turkey Television1 (1985–87)

text: Movie presentations[edit]

text:
Nick at Nite Movie (1985–88)
Nick at Nite Tuesday Movie of the Week (2007)

text: Television specials[edit]

text: Occasionally, episodes of Rugrats and SpongeBob SquarePants have aired regularly or as marathons during Nick at Nite special events in the 1990s and 2000s. This has also occurred during crossovers with Nickelodeon special programming where the Nickelodeon programming bleeds into the regular Nick at Nite timeslot. A 30-year reunion special of Double Dare aired on November 23, 2016. Regular marathons occur on Nick at Nite. Usually when a show debuts, it receives an all-night or a week-long marathon. Seasonal marathons also occur for Mother's Day, Father's Day, Halloween, Christmas, St. Patrick's Day, and more.


document_title: Dobok

question_text: what is the name of the taekwondo uniform

text: Dobok

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Dobok
Korean nameHangul
도복Hanja
道服Revised Romanization
dobokMcCune–Reischauer
tobok

text: Dobok is the uniform worn by practitioners of Korean martial arts. Do means "way" and bok means "clothing." The dobok is related to the Japanese keikogi/dōgi, used in Japanese and Okinawan martial arts, such as judo which was developed by Kanō Jigorō.

text: The dobok comes in many colours, though white or black are the most common. The dobok may have the reverse in a different colour than the rest of the dobok. They are made in a variety of materials, ranging from traditional cotton to cotton-polyester blends.

text: The pants and sleevers of the dobok are wider and longer than the traditional Japanese keikogi. Due to this, practitioners often wear a dobok modeled after the Korean hanbok. The dobok of World Taekwondo Federation-style taekwondo practitioners usually have v-neck jackets, tailored after the design of the hanbok. Traditional taekwondo practitioners may wear dobok that are identical or very similar to keikogi, with a cross-over jacket front, while International Taekwon-Do Federation-style taekwondo practitioners typically wear a newer design with a vertically closing jacket front.

text: Around the dobok a tti (belt) is worn. The colour of the belt denotes the rank or grade of the wearer. Coloured belts are for geup-holders, while black belts are usually worn by dahn-holders. The order of belt colours may differ from school to school. Most commonly the first belt is a white belt. Other colours are typically yellow, orange, green, blue, red, brown, and then black. Some schools use other colours, such as brown in place of red and red in place of black. Some also have a stripe running down the length of the centre of the tti.

text: Practitioners of Korean sword arts like kumdo usually wear wider pants, called chima baji (치마바지; literally, "skirt-pants") that are similar looking to the Kendo/Iaijutsu hakama of Japan.


document_title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

question_text: where is the netflix series lost in space filmed

text: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: In the year 2048 the Robinson family is selected for the 24th mission of the Resolute, an interstellar spacecraft which will carry selected families to colonize a new world. The Resolute was built after a celestial object, dubbed "The Christmas Star" by the media, crashed into Earth a few years earlier, threatening humanity's survival on Earth. Before they reach their destination, an alien robot breaches the Resolute's hull. Some of the families are forced to evacuate the mothership in their short-range Jupiter spacecraft. The Robinsons and other colonists crash-land on a nearby habitable planet, where they battle the strange new environment and their own personal demons as they attempt to find a way back to the Resolute.[1]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Molly Parker as Maureen Robinson, a fearless and brilliant aerospace engineer taking her family on the mission to colonize Alpha Centauri for a new life on a better world. She is a mission commander. She is married to John Robinson and is the biological mother of all three children.[3]
Toby Stephens as John Robinson, a former U.S. Navy SEAL, and husband to Maureen. He is the biological father of Maureen's two youngest children.[4]
Maxwell Jenkins as Will Robinson, the 11-year-old son and youngest child of Maureen and John Robinson. He forms a tight bond with the Robot, whom he saves from destruction during a forest fire.[5]
Taylor Russell as Judy Robinson, Maureen's 18-year-old biracial daughter and eldest child. She is a mission doctor, having received accelerated medical training.[6][7]
Mina Sundwall as Penny Robinson, the 15-year-old daughter and middle Robinson child.[7][8]
Ignacio Serricchio as Don West, a mechanic who also smuggles luxury goods. He has a chicken named Debbie, which he claims to be lucky.[9]
Parker Posey as Dr. Smith. She is a criminal and a psychopath who uses other people's identities to claim their belongings. Dr. Smith, whose real name is June Harris, stole her sister Jessica's identity and place on the colony ship. There she impersonates a Dr. Zachary Smith, to take his seat on an evacuating Jupiter ship. After landing on the planet, Dr. Smith attempts to sabotage the Jupiters' chances of being rescued by the Resolute while manipulating and gaslighting the survivors to avoid prosecution for her crimes.[10] The theft of the doctor's identity is a reference to the corresponding Dr. Smith character of the original TV series.[11]
Brian Steele as the Robot,[12] an alien mechanoid being that Will encounters on the planet that his family crash lands on. The robot has a different form from the ones on the previous series and movie.[13]

text: Recurring[edit]

text: Introduced in Season 1[edit]

text:
Raza Jaffrey as Victor Dhar, an educated and officious man with a sense of entitlement. Victor has been a career-builder and politician from a young age. His arrogance and impatience masks an underlying fear that it will be discovered that he is not quite good enough.[14]
Ajay Friese as Vijay Dhar, Victor’s son and Penny’s love interest.
Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as Hiroki Watanabe, a scientist and friend of Maureen.
Kiki Sukezane as Aiko Watanabe, Hiroki’s daughter.
Yukari Komatsu as Naoko Watanabe, Hiroki’s wife.
Veenu Sandhu as Prisha Dhar, Victor's wife.
Sibongile Mlambo as Angela Goddard, a survivor struggling from post tramatic stress syndrome following her husband’s death during the Resolute attack.
Adam Greydon Reid as Peter Beckert, a survivor.
Amelia Burstyn as Diane, a survivor.
Iain Belcher as Evan, a survivor.
Shaun Parkes as Captain Radic, commander of the Resolute.

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Selma Blair as Jessica Harris, June's wealthy younger sister.
Bill Mumy as Dr. Zachary Smith, the real Dr. Smith, whose identity June steals.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: This section's plot summaries may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve them by removing unnecessary details and making them more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
"Impact"
Neil Marshall
Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

The spacecraft Resolute, a large ferris wheel style ship, is carrying colonists, including the Robinson family, to Alpha Centauri. The Resolute is attacked and colonists escape in their “family home” Jupiter landing crafts but are hurled into a wormhole, crash-landing on an Earth-like planet. The Robinsons' craft, Jupiter 2, crashes into a glacial bed. The family evacuates with some supplies before their craft sinks in rapidly freezing water. Eldest Robinson child, Judy, a doctor, dives to the ship to retrieve power equipment. She becomes encased in ice, and with five hours of oxygen left in Judy's suit, John and son, Will, set out to collect magnesium that will melt the ice. Judy guides her sister, Penny, through a medical procedure to treat their injured mother, Maureen. Inside a cave, Will falls down a chasm, landing at the edge of a forest. John radios Will, saying he will return after saving Judy. Alone, Will finds a crashed alien ship and a dismembered robot that he helps to self-repair. In return, it saves Will as a forest fire nearly engulfs them. The family attempt to free Judy, but a sudden rainstorm hinders their progress. Will and the Robot arrive, and the Robot rescues Judy. In a flashback scene, a woman steals the identity of Dr. Zachary Smith and boards a Jupiter landing craft, along with Don West and Tam Roughneck.

2
"Diamonds in the Sky"
Neil Marshall
Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Don West, Smith, and Debbie the chicken survive the Jupiter 18 landing. While looking for other survivors, they find Angela Goddard, who is barely alive. When a storm approaches, Don and Angela take cover while Smith heads out. Meanwhile, the robot melts more ice to allow the Robinsons to start the process of recovering the Jupiter 2. Maureen, John, Will and the robot hike to another Jupiter crash site and then later to the robot's ship. They leave Penny and Judy behind, instructing them how to carefully raise the ship out of the ice. Inside the alien ship, a holographic map of the planet is activated, showing John and Maureen they are in an unidentified galaxy. Outside, the robot touches the ship's hull, creating a mental connection to Will who learns what really happened on the Resolute. He decides to say nothing to his parents about the vision. When Penny sees the storm approaching and is unable to reach her parents to warn them, she raises the Jupiter 2 enough that the garage can be opened. She drives the ship's Chariot all-terrain vehicle to reach her family just in front of the storm. As they head back to Jupiter 2, they pass Don who sees them only to discover his flare gun is missing. The Robinsons see a flare and find Smith, who claims to be alone, returning with her to the Jupiter 2.

3
"Infestation"
Tim Southam
Zack Estrin
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

In a flashback, Dr. Smith is revealed to be June Harris, the older, ex-con sister of Jess Harris, a successful businesswoman. Jess offers June her entire estate as she is leaving Earth, but June drugs Jess and assumes her sister's identity. Aboard the Resolute, she bumps into her sister's lover and there is a struggle ending in him getting blown out an airlock. June is arrested but escapes during the robot's attack. In the present, Maureen explains they are trillions of light years from Earth. At night, the ice layer over Jupiter 2 cracks, endangering the ship. They rush to complete repairs, but the engines are losing fuel. When Will and the robot discover large eel-like creatures in the conduits, the robot locks Will, along with Smith, in the storeroom for safety. The glacier shifts, which forces the crew to make an emergency take-off after flushing the eels from the engines. They escape with just enough fuel to land near a forest region. Comms pick up radio communication from other Jupiter survivors and also from Resolute, who are searching for survivors. Somebody hacks the onboard 3D printer to make a gun. Will finds it, and hides the gun under his mattress, unaware Smith is watching.

4
"The Robinsons Were Here"
Alice Troughton
Katherine Collins
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Stuck without fuel, the family initiates Jupiter 2’s colonization expansion protocol. Smith and Will discuss the robot, who does Will's bidding. Don West and Angela are rescued by the Watanabe family; Hiroki Watanabe reunites with John and Maureen at Jupiter 11 where Judy treats Angela. She tells Judy about the attack on Resolute. The Robinsons learn none of the other surviving families can fly due to the giant eels consuming fuel. John notices that one crash site is not a Jupiter ship. Maureen, John, and Don go there and discover the Resolute's comm dish. They realize the Resolute cannot hear them. Maureen also discovers contraband whiskey that Don smuggled aboard. Judy confronts Will about the robot, and he reveals he knew it attacked the Resolute. They decide to hide the robot in a nearby cave, unaware Smith is following them. On the way, they are spotted by Vijay Dhar, the son of another survivor group. Penny blackmails him to say nothing about the robot, having found and keeping an item he dropped. While away, Maureen and John discuss their marital problems. The next morning, the kids return to Jupiter 2 before their parents arrive. Smith talks to the robot inside the cave, attempting to instill distrust in it about Will. When John and Maureen return home, the kids tell them that the robot wandered away.

5
"Transmission"
Deborah Chow
Kari Drake
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

The surviving colonists build a light tower to try to signal the Resolute. Maureen, noticing strange weather phenomena, conducts an experiment using a weather balloon. She discovers the sun is paired with a deadly black hole, and that the disturbances will only get worse until the planet is entirely unhabitable. Will ignores Penny and Judy's advice to tell their father about the Robot. Penny develops a crush on Vijay, flirting with him as they move supplies. Don confronts Dr. Smith about the stolen flare gun, though she claims she took it by mistake. In a flashback, Maureen and the kids discuss pros versus cons of going to Alpha Centauri. Judy and Don discuss his smuggling activities. He also reveals his suspicions about Dr. Smith's identity. Judy confronts Dr. Smith about this, but she lies and instead casts doubt on Don. When the colonists activate the light signal, Dr. Smith sneaks away and shuts off the perimeter fence, allowing a large reptilian creature to enter the camp and destroy the light tower. Smith tells John about the kids hiding the robot. When another creature shows up, Dr. Smith tells Will to call the robot. It does save the survivors, but only after Will tells it to defend itself against the creatures. It assumes its original multi-limb form to do this. The colonists witness all of this and recognize the robot from the attack on the Resolute.

6
"Eulogy"
Vincenzo Natali
Ed McCardie
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Maureen tells her family about the black hole but is afraid the other colonists might panic. John has a heated argument with the other survivors about the robot. In the end, despite an enraged Angela claiming it killed her husband, John convinces the community to allow the robot to stay and takes Will on a hike to discuss Will's responsibility for the robot's actions. He has Will fetch 27 large stones to build a memorial to the casualties. Don takes the community leader and Vijay's father, Victor Dhar, to his Jupiter which crashed in the desert where there are none of the eel-like creatures, and wants money for its fuel. Don also retrieves identification of the real Dr. Smith, later showing Judy. Maureen learns that Hiroki also knows the planet is dying. Penny tells Vijay about the black hole but swears him to secrecy, and they share a kiss. Back at camp, Dr. Smith makes the distraught Angela recount the horrifying details of the robot attack. The emotional Angela enters the hub with the gun Dr. Smith has taken from Will's bunk and arranged for her to find. When she shoots at the robot it goes into attack mode and accidentally injures John before Will gets it to stop. Distraught, Will takes the robot to a cliff and orders it to walk off. He then places a stone on the memorial for the robot.

7
"Pressurized"
Tim Southam
Vivian Lee
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

While driving back to Jupiter 2, Judy is about to tell Dr. Smith she knows the truth about her when Don stops her. When Will is confronted by his mother, he confirms the robot 3D-printed the gun and that he hid it. Anyone could have taken the gun, though. Dr. Smith refuses blame for Angela's attack, and suggests Victor Dhar might have taken the gun. John and Maureen's rover gets stuck in a tar pit. As they sink to the bottom, Maureen admits to doctoring Will's test results. To escape the vehicle, Maureen uses the helium weather balloon to create a shielded path to the surface. Meanwhile, Smith locates the destroyed robot, but cannot get it to reassemble. Don's group speeds through a dangerous geyser field but a tube shakes loose and when Evan fixes the problem, a geyser blast flips the tanker on top of him. Victor realizes that a rock has punctured the tanker and if they move it they'll lose most of the fuel. Despite this Don reluctantly sides with Judy and lifts the tanker, spilling the fuel, but Evan dies anyway. Back on Jupiter 2, Dr. Smith finally manages to reactivate the robot. When Victor returns home, Vijay tells him about the planet's coming demise. Victor decides to use what fuel they did retrieve to launch their own Jupiter 4.

8
"Trajectory"
Stephen Surjik
Katherine Collins & Kari Drake
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Maureen cannot talk Victor out of launching, but John sneaks aboard the Dhar's Jupiter 4 and triggers the emergency shut down. Later, he explains to the gathered colonists how the planet is about to become uninhabitable. Penny breaks off with Vijay for him telling his father. Maureen has a plan on how to launch despite the limited fuel, stripping out non-essential modules, and relying on old-school manual piloting. Judy tells Maureen the truth about the real Dr. Smith aboard Don's Jupiter. Returning to Jupiter 2, Maureen confines Dr. Smith to a holding cell. Dr. Smith now claims she is really Jessica Harris, a physicist. Maureen tells John about Smith, and he tells her that Don believes the Jupiter 4 is still too heavy to take off. With life support also removed, the pilot now needs a spacesuit and will need to withstand extreme G-forces. They select John, but not even he can regain consciousness fast enough to make all the maneuvers alone. When the Resolute sends a message that due to Hawking radiation they must leave the planet's orbit within 24 hours, Don reluctantly agrees to help pilot the ship. With his assistance the test run is a success. As John and Don launch in the Jupiter 4, Dr. Smith tricks Will and escapes to knock out Maureen right when John needs her instructions. With everyone watching, the ship explodes mid-air and John and Don are presumed dead.

9
"Resurrection"
Tim Southam
Story by : Daniel McLellan
Teleplay by : Kari Drake
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Will tries to signal his father using his radio, convinced he survived the explosion. Dr. Smith drives Maureen to the alien wreck, where she tells Maureen she did not know Maureen was needed for the ship launch, and when she knocked her out, the ship exploded. She does promise to help Maureen get her children off the planet, if she in return helps Dr. Smith with the alien ship. Will discovers that the rocks he collected in the cave are petrified biomass that can fuel the Jupiter ships to reach the Resolute. While the colonists gather to harvest the biomass, Judy leaves to find Maureen. The colonists find enough biomass to power all the Jupiters, but they must sneak it out quietly so as to not wake winged predators roosting in the cave. When John manages to send a signal, Penny and others are trapped inside the cave after the creatures wake up. Throughout the episode, flashbacks reveal the Christmas Star not to be a meteor but an alien craft, and that its engine was used to build The Resolute. The robot's attack was an attempt to retrieve the stolen engine. The group trapped in the cave manage to narrowly escape. Judy tracks Smith and Maureen. She manages to disable Dr. Smith, but the robot reactivates and is revealed to obey the Doctor's commands.

10
"Danger, Will Robinson"
David Nutter
Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

John and Don survived the explosion and are clinging to ship wreckage in orbit, with only a few hours of oxygen left. Will is upset to learn the robot now serves Dr. Smith. John responds to Will, confirming that he and Don are still alive. Will tries to bond with the robot again but is rejected. Victor Dhar hails them from the Resolute, telling them it will leave in just over an hour. Maureen traps Dr Smith and the robot in order to search for John and Don. Just as they are about to retrieve them, Dr Smith and the robot escape. Maureen leads the robot into the garage, as an alien ship arrives to retrieve the engine. When the alien robot is about to kill Will, his robot remembers him and attacks the alien robot, saving Will. In the fight, both robots are flung out into space and the garage ramp is damaged. Will goes outside the hull to manually close the hatch. Afterwards, he loses his grip but is saved by his father, who was rescued by Dr. Smith. With everyone safely back on the Jupiter, Maureen is grateful to Dr. Smith, but still locks her up. Before they can dock with the Resolute, the alien engine aboard the Jupiter 2 sends it and the Robinsons to a different galaxy. Will recognizes its shape from the robot's sand drawing: Danger.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In October 2014, it was announced that Legendary Television and Synthesis Entertainment were developing a new reboot of Lost in Space and had hired screenwriting duo Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless to pen the pilot episodes.[15] In November 2015, Netflix landed the project.[16][17] On June 29, 2016, Netflix ordered a full 10 episode season of Lost in Space, with Zack Estrin as executive producer and showrunner. Sazama, Sharpless, Kevin Burns, Jon Jashni, Neil Marshall, and Marc Helwig also serve as executive producers.[18]

text: Toby Stephens, speaking about the distinction between the original series and the new show:

text: "It's a very clever, modern reworking of a great story. Lost in Space is Swiss Family Robinson in space, so it was a story that existed before Lost in Space. The fundamental story is that it's a family that is lost in a difficult, life-threatening situation and how it challenges them and brings them closer together. That is essentially what the story of this is, it's just the context is a lot more modern. It's a more modern take on the '60s version. If you look at it now, it's charming, but it seems so innocent. Whereas this is a version that is for our time. I'm hoping it will still have humour and humanity in it, but it has obviously gotta be for a modern audience."[19]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production on the first season began in February 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded in July 2017.[20][21]

text: Release[edit]

text: The series was released on April 13, 2018, on Netflix.[1] On March 31, 2018, the pilot of the series was screened at Awesome Con in Washington, D.C., followed by a Q&A session with series executive producers and writers Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless.[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 69% approval rating with an average rating of 6.21/10, based on 65 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Lost in Space's production values are ambitious enough to attract sci-fi adventure fans, while the story's large heart adds an emotional anchor to all the deep space derring-do."[23] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a normalized score of 58 out of 100 based on 27 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[24]

text: David Griffin of IGN gave the first season a rating of 8.5/10 calling it "an excellent sci-fi adventure with a slight villain problem," giving particular praise to the Robinson family, while criticizing Parker Posey's Dr. Smith as an unsophisticated and one-dimensional character that lacks redeeming qualities.[25] In contrast, Jen Chaney of Vulture characterized Posey's performance as providing "understated, sly comedic touches".[26]


document_title: Catacombs of Rome

question_text: where were the roman catacombs located at the time they were built

text: Catacombs of Rome

text: Precursors[edit]

text: The Etruscans, like many other European people, used to bury their dead in underground chambers. The original Roman custom was cremation, after which the burnt remains were kept in a pot, ash-chest or urn, often in a columbarium. From about the 2nd century AD, inhumation (burial of unburnt remains) became more fashionable, in graves or sarcophagi, often elaborately carved, for those who could afford them.[1] Christians also preferred burial to cremation because of their belief in bodily resurrection.

text: Christian catacombs[edit]

text: The first large-scale catacombs in the vicinity of Rome were excavated from the 2nd century onwards. They were carved through tufo,[2] a soft volcanic rock, outside the walls of the city, because Roman law forbade burial places within city limits. The pagan custom was to incinerate corpses, while early Christians and Jews buried the dead. Since most Christians and Jews at that time belonged to the lower classes or were slaves, they usually lacked the resources to buy land for burial purposes. Instead, networks of tunnels were dug in the deep layers of tufo which occurred naturally on the outskirts of Rome. At first, these tunnels were probably not used for regular worship, but simply for burial and, extending pre-existing Roman customs, for memorial services and celebrations of the anniversaries of Christian martyrs. There are sixty known subterranean burial chambers in Rome. They were built outside the walls along main Roman roads, like the Via Appia, the Via Ostiense, the Via Labicana, the Via Tiburtina, and the Via Nomentana. Names of the catacombs – like St Calixtus and St Sebastian, which is alongside Via Appia – refer to martyrs that may have been buried there. About 80% of the excavations used for Christian burials date to after the time of the persecutions.[3][need quotation to verify]

text: Excavators (fossors), no doubt slaves,[citation needed] built vast systems of galleries and passages on top of each other. They lie 7–19 metres (23–62 ft) below the surface in an area of more than 2.4 square kilometres (590 acres). Narrow steps that descend as many as four stories join the levels. Passages are about 2.5 by 1 metre (8.2 ft × 3.3 ft). Burial niches (loculi) were carved into walls. They are 40–60 centimetres (16–24 in) high and 120–150 centimetres (47–59 in) long.[citation needed] Bodies were placed in chambers in stone sarcophagi in their clothes and bound in linen. Then the chamber was sealed with a slab bearing the name, age and the day of death. The fresco decorations provide the main surviving evidence for Early Christian art, and initially show typically Roman styles used for decorating homes - with secular iconography adapted to a religious function. The catacomb of Saint Agnes is a small church. Some families were able to construct cubicula which would house various loculi and the architectural elements of the space would offer a support for decoration. Another excellent place for artistic programs were the arcosolia.

text: Decline and rediscovery[edit]

text: In 380, Christianity became a state religion. At first, many still desired to be buried in chambers alongside the martyrs. However, the practice of catacomb burial declined slowly, and the dead were increasingly buried in church cemeteries. In the 6th century catacombs were used only for martyrs’ memorial services, though some paintings were added as late as the 7th century, for example a Saint Stephen in the Catacomb of Commodilla. Apparently Ostrogoths, Vandals and Lombards that sacked Rome also violated the catacombs, presumably looking for valuables. By the 10th century catacombs were practically abandoned, and holy relics were transferred to above-ground basilicas.

text: In the intervening centuries they remained forgotten until they were accidentally rediscovered in 1578, after which Antonio Bosio spent decades exploring and researching them for his Roma Sotterranea (1632). Archeologist Giovanni Battista de Rossi (1822–1894) published the first extensive professional studies about catacombs. In 1956 and 1959 Italian authorities found more catacombs near Rome. The catacombs have become an important monument of the early Christian church.

text: Today[edit]

text: Currently, maintenance of the catacombs is in the hands of the papacy, which has invested in the Salesians of Don Bosco the supervision of the Catacombs of St. Callixtus on the outskirts of Rome.

text: Responsibility for the Christian catacombs lies with the Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archaeology (Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra), which directs excavations and restorations. Study of the catacombs is directed by the Pontifical Academy of Archaeology.

text: Typology[edit]

text: Roman catacombs are made up of underground passages (ambulacra), out of whose walls graves (loculi) were dug. These loculi, generally laid out vertically (pilae), could contain one or more bodies. A loculus large enough to contain two bodies was referred to as a bisomus. Another type of burial, typical of Roman catacombs, was the arcosolium, consisting of a curved niche, enclosed under a carved horizontal marble slab. Cubicula (burial rooms containing loculi all for one family) and cryptae (chapels decorated with frescoes) are also commonly found in catacomb passages. When space began to run out, other graves were also dug in the floor of the corridors - these graves are called formae.

text: List of catacombs in Rome[edit]

text: The Roman catacombs, of which there are forty in the suburbs, were built along the consular roads out of Rome, such as the Appian way, the via Ostiense, the via Labicana, the via Tiburtina, and the via Nomentana.

text: Catacombs of Marcellinus and Peter[edit]

text: These catacombs are situated on the ancient Via Labicana, today Via Casilina in Rome, Italy, near the church of Santi Marcellino e Pietro ad Duas Lauros. Their name refers to the Christian martyrs Marcellinus and Peter who, according to tradition, were buried here, near the body of St. Tiburtius.

text: Catacombs of Domitilla[edit]

text: Close to the Catacombs of San Callisto are the large and impressive Catacombs of Domitilla[4] (named after Saint Domitilla), spread over 17 kilometres (11 miles) of underground caves.

text: The Domitilla Catacombs are unique in that they are the oldest of Rome's underground burial networks, and the only ones to still contain bones. They are also the best preserved and one of the most extensive of all the catacombs. Included in their passages are a 2nd-century fresco of the Last Supper and other valuable artifacts.

text: In 2017, a team under Barbara Mazzei of the Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology uncovered frescoes dating to around AD 360. Using laser techniques, the team was able to penetrate the grime in order to reveal the frescoes on the ceilings of two tombs of imperial grain merchants. The frescoes also depicted the transport of grain from around the Mediterranean to Ostia. They discovered the images of Imperial grain merchants accompanied by two saints, possibly the martyrs Nereus and Achilleus from the time of Diocletian. This enabled the dating of the frescoes to the latter half of the fourth century.[5][6]

text: There are almost 150,000 bodies buried in the Catacombs of St. Domitilla.[7]

text: They are the only catacombs that have a subterranean basilica; entrance to the catacombs is achieved through this sunken 4th-century church, at via delle Sette Chiese 282. In the past, the basilica had become unsafe, and was abandoned in the 9th century. It was rediscovered in 1593, and much of it was reconstructed in 1872.

text: In the beginning of 2009,[8] at the request of the Vatican, the Divine Word Missionaries, a Roman Catholic Society of priests and Brothers, assumed responsibility as administrator of St. Domitilla Catacombs.[9]

text: Catacombs of Commodilla[edit]

text: These catacombs, on the Via Ostiensis, contain one of the earliest images of a bearded Christ. They originally held the relics of Saints Felix and Adauctus.

text: Catacombs of Generosa[edit]

text: Located on the Campana Road, these catacombs are said to have been the resting place, perhaps temporarily, of Simplicius, Faustinus and Beatrix, Christian Martyrs who died in Rome during the Diocletian persecution (302 or 303).[10]

text: Catacombs of Praetextatus[edit]

text: These are found along the via Appia, and were built at the end of 2nd century. They consist of a vast underground burial area, at first in pagan then in Christian use, housing various tombs of Christian martyrs. In the oldest parts of the complex may be found the "cubiculum of the coronation", with a rare depiction for that period of Christ being crowned with thorns, and a 4th-century painting of Susanna and the old men in the allegorical guise of a lamb and wolves.

text: Catacombs of Priscilla[edit]

text: The Catacomb of Priscilla, situated at the Via Salaria across from the Villa Ada, probably derives its name from the name of the landowner on whose land they were built. They are looked after by the Benedictine nuns of Priscilla.

text: Catacombs of San Callisto[edit]

text: Sited along the Appian way, these catacombs were built after AD 150, with some private Christian hypogea and a funeral area directly dependent on the Catholic Church. It takes its name from the deacon Saint Callixtus, proposed by Pope Zephyrinus in the administration of the same cemetery - on his accession as pope, he enlarged the complex, that quite soon became the official one for the Roman Church. The arcades, where more than fifty martyrs and sixteen pontiffs were buried, form part of a complex graveyard that occupies fifteen hectares and is almost 20 km (12 mi) long.

text: Catacombs of San Lorenzo[edit]

text: Built into the hill beside San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, these catacombs are said to have been the final resting place of St. Lawrence. The church was built by Pope Sixtus III and later remodeled into the present nave. Sixtus also redecorated the shrine in the catacomb and was buried there.[11]

text: Catacombs of San Pancrazio[edit]

text: Established underneath the San Pacrazio basilica which was built by Pope Symmachus on the place where the body of the young martyr Saint Pancras, or Pancratius, had been buried. In the 17th century, it was given to the Discalced Carmelites, who completely remodeled it. The catacombs house fragments of sculpture and pagan and early Christian inscriptions.

text: Catacombs of San Sebastiano[edit]

text: One of the smallest Christian cemeteries, this has always been one of the most accessible catacombs and is thus one of the least preserved (of the four original floors, the first is almost completely gone). On the left hand end of the right hand wall of the nave of the primitive basilica, rebuilt in 1933 on ancient remains, arches to end the middle of the nave of the actual church, built in the 13th century, are visible, along with the outside of the apse of the Chapel of the Relics; whole and fragmentary collected sarcophagi (mostly of 4th century date) were found in excavations.

text: Via a staircase down, one finds the arcades where varied cubicula (including the cubiculum of Giona's fine four stage cycle of paintings, dating to the end of the 4th century). One then arrives at the restored crypt of S. Sebastiano, with a table altar on the site of the ancient one (some remains of the original's base still survive) and a bust of Saint Sebastian attributed to Bernini. From here one reaches a platform, under which is a sandstone cavity ad catacumbas which once may have been named "ad catacumbas", thus giving this and all other tombs of this type their name. 3 mausolea of the second half of the 2nd century (but also in later use) open off the platform. The first one on the right, decorated on the outside with paintings of funereal banquets and the miracle of the calling out of Cerasa's demons, on the inside contains paintings (including a ceiling painting of a Gorgon's head) and inhumation burials and has a surviving inscription reading "Marcus Clodius Hermes", the name of its owner. The second, called by some "tomb of the Innocentiores" (a burial club which owned it), has a refined stucco ceiling, Latin inscriptions in Greek characters, and a graffito with the initials of the Greek words for "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour". On the left is the mausoleum of Ascia, with an exterior wall painting of vine shoots rising from kantharoi up trompe-l'œil pillars.

text: A room called the "Triglia" rises from the platform, roughly in the middle of the basilica and cut into from above by the present basilica. This covered room was used for funereal banquets; the plastered walls have hundreds of graffiti by the devotees at these banquets, carved in the second half of the 3rd to the beginnings of the 4th century, with appeals to the apostles Peter and Paul. From the "Trigilia" one passed into an ancient ambulatory, which turns around into an apse: here is a collection of epitaphs and a model of all the mausolei, of the "Triglia" and of the Constantinian basilica. From here one descends into the "Platonica", a construction at the rear of the basilica that was long believed to have been the temporary resting place for Peter and Paul, but was in fact (as proved by excavation) a tomb for the martyr Quirinus, bishop of Sescia in Pannonia, whose remains were brought here in the 5th century. To the right of the "Platonica" is the chapel of Honorius III, adapted as the vestibule of the mausoleum, with interesting 13th-century paintings of Peter and Paul, the Crucifixion, saints, the Massacre of the Innocents, Madonna and Child, and other subjects. On the left is an apsidal mausoleum with an altar built against the apse: on the left wall a surviving graffito reading "domus Petri" either hints at Peter having been buried here or testifies to the belief at the time the graffito was written that Peter was buried here.

text: Catacombs of San Valentino[edit]

text: These catacombs were dedicated to Saint Valentine. In the 13th century, the martyr's relics were transferred to Basilica of Saint Praxedes.

text: Catacombs of Sant'Agnese[edit]

text: Built for the conservation and veneration of the remains of Saint Agnes of Rome. Agnes' bones are now conserved in the church of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura in Rome, built over the catacomb. Her skull is preserved in a side chapel in the church of Sant'Agnese in Agone in Rome's Piazza Navona.

text: Catacombs of via Anapo[edit]

text: On the via Salaria, the Catacombs of via Anapo are datable to the end of the 3rd or the beginning of the 4th century, and contain diverse frescoes of biblical subjects.

text: Jewish catacombs[edit]

text: There are six known Jewish catacombs in Rome, two of which are open to the public: Vigna Randanini and Villa Torlonia.

text: The Jewish catacombs were discovered in 1918, and archaeological excavations continued for twelve years. The structure has two entrances, one on via Syracuse and the other inside Villa Torlonia. The catacombs extend for more than 13,000 square metres (140,000 sq ft), and date back to the period between the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and possibly remained in use until the 5th century. There are almost a century of epitaphs, but these do not show any examples of a particular relief, beyond some rare frescoes showing the classic Jewish religious symbols.

text: The other catacombs are not open to the public because of the instability of their structure and the presence of radon.

text: Gallery of paintings from the catacombs of Rome[edit]

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Catacombs in Rome.


document_title: Democratic republic

question_text: who holds the power in a democratic republic

text: Democratic republic

text:
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text: A democratic republic is both a republic and a democracy.

text: Overview[edit]

text: A republic is:

text:
a sovereign state
whose ultimate power rests in its citizens entitled to vote
who (directly or indirectly) elect representatives to wield that power.

text: A democracy is:

text:
a form of government, whose power rests equally in its citizens,
who (directly or indirectly) elect representatives to wield that power.

text: Absent qualification, not all citizens in a 'republic' are necessarily entitled to vote, and absent qualification, a 'democracy' is not necessarily sovereign.

text: As both, a "democratic republic" is ideally:

text:
a sovereign state,
whose ultimate power rests in its citizens, equally entitled to vote,
who (directly or indirectly) elect representatives to wield that power.

text: In practice, governments only approximate those ideals. Not all persons in all states are citizens and not all citizens are entitled to vote. Suffrage is commonly restricted to citizens of voting age; and may be restricted by several other criteria.

text: Ideally, elections ensure that governmental authority is wielded according to the will of the citizens. However, wielding power indirectly, through representatives, assures some disparity between the will of the people and the actions of government. In the best cases, citizens elect only their wisest peers as representatives – amplifying governmental wisdom beyond that of the average citizen. However, delegating authority to representatives often yields other less desirable results.

text: Given the lofty ideals implied in the phrase, it is unsurprising there is disagreement on how a "democratic republic" is best implemented – and disagreement on whether a particular government, as implemented, is appropriately described as a "democratic republic". Several countries have the term "democratic republic" in their official names – colloquially known as Algeria, East Congo, Ethiopia, North Korea, Laos, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and East Timor – all of which, with the exception of Sri Lanka and East Timor, are identified as undemocratic by the democracy index and "not free" by the U.S.-based, U.S.-government-funded non-governmental organization, Freedom House. In addition, East Germany was also officially known as the German Democratic Republic, but in fact was controlled by a bureaucratic communist regime. Other organizations use a variety of factors to characterize the quality and equity of governance, as reflected in their various indices of freedom. The differences between states labeled "democratic republic" can be quite dramatic, as with the 'Democratic People's Republic of Korea', rated the least democratic government in the world.


document_title: Finding Nemo

question_text: what is the sharks name on finding nemo

question_tokens: what is the sharks name on finding nemo

text: Finding Nemo

text: Plot[edit]

text: Two ocellaris clownfish, Marlin and Coral, admire their new home in the Great Barrier Reef and their clutch of clownfish eggs when a barracuda attacks, knocking Marlin unconscious. He wakes up to find that Coral and all but one of the eggs have been eaten by the barracuda. Marlin names this last egg Nemo, a name that Coral liked.

text: Following his birth, Nemo develops a smaller right fin due to damage to his egg, which limits his swimming ability. Worried about Nemo's safety, Marlin embarrasses Nemo during a school field trip. Nemo disobeys his father and sneaks away from the reef towards a boat, and is captured by scuba divers. As the boat departs, a diver accidentally knocks his diving mask overboard. While attempting to save Nemo, Marlin meets Dory, a good-hearted and optimistic regal blue tang with short-term memory loss. Marlin and Dory meet three Australian sharks—Bruce, Anchor, and Chum—who claim to be vegetarians. Marlin discovers the diver's mask and notices an address written on it. When he argues with Dory and accidentally gives her a nosebleed, the blood causes Bruce to lose control of himself and enter a violent feeding frenzy. The pair escape from Bruce, but the mask falls into a trench in the deep sea.

text: During a hazardous struggle with an anglerfish in the trench, Dory sees the diving mask and reads the address located at 42 Wallaby Way, Sydney. As Dory finishes reading the address on the mask, Marlin is able to trap the Anglerfish using the eyepiece of the mask. To her own disbelief, Dory remembers the address on her own despite her short-term memory loss. The pair swims on, receiving directions to Sydney from a school of moonfish. After receiving directions from the moonfish, Marlin and Dory encounter a bloom of jellyfish that entraps them and nearly kills them. As a result, Marlin loses consciousness and wakes up on a sea turtle named Crush, who takes Marlin and Dory on the East Australian Current. Marlin tells the details of his long journey with a group of sea turtles, and his story is spread across the ocean. He also sees how Crush gets along well with his son Squirt.

text: Meanwhile, Nemo is placed in a fish tank in the office of a dentist. He meets aquarium fish called the Tank Gang, led by Gill, a moorish idol. The fish learn that Nemo is to be given to the dentist's niece, Darla, who previously killed a fish by constantly shaking its bag. Gill then reveals his plan to escape, jamming the tank's filter with a pebble. The fish would be placed in plastic bags so that the dentist can clean the tank, and then they would roll out the window and into the harbor. Nemo attempts to jam the filter, but fails, almost getting himself killed in the process. Near the harbor, a pelican, Nigel, flies to the dentist's office and brings news of Marlin's adventure. Inspired by his father's determination, Nemo makes a second attempt to jam the filter. Unlike the first attempt, he is able to successfully render the filter useless, but to the tank gang's dismay, the dentist installs a new high-tech filter before they can escape.

text: After leaving the Current, Marlin and Dory are engulfed by a blue whale. Inside the whale's mouth, Marlin desperately tries to escape, while Dory communicates with the whale, which carries them to Sydney Harbour and expels them through his blowhole. They meet Nigel, and after helping the pair escape from a massive flock of seagulls, he takes them to the dentist's office. Darla has just arrived and the dentist is handing Nemo to her. Nemo plays dead to save himself as Nigel arrives, causing Darla to scream. Upon seeing Nemo, Marlin mistakenly believes he is dead, before Nigel is violently thrown out. In despair, Marlin leaves Dory and begins to swim home. Gill helps Nemo escape into a drain that leads to the ocean. Dory loses her memory and becomes confused, and meets Nemo, who reaches the ocean. Eventually, Dory's memory returns after she reads the word "Sydney" on a drainpipe. She reunites Nemo with Marlin, but she is caught in a fishing net with a school of grouper. Nemo enters the net and orders the group to swim downward to break the net, enabling them to escape. After returning home, Nemo leaves for school, with Crush's son Squirt, and Marlin and Dory proudly watch Mr. Ray carry Nemo and his friends to school.

text: In a pre-credits sequence, Aquascum, the high-tech filter in the dentist's fish tank breaks down, and the Tank Gang escape to Sydney Harbour, eventually realizing that they are still confined inside their (water-filled) plastic bags.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Albert Brooks as Marlin, a clownfish, Coral's husband and Nemo's father
Ellen DeGeneres as Dory, a regal blue tang with short-term memory loss
Alexander Gould as Nemo, Marlin's only surviving son, who is excited about life and exploring the ocean, but gets captured and domesticated as a pet
Willem Dafoe as Gill, a moorish idol fish living in an aquarium in a dentist clinic, and the leader of the Tank Gang
Brad Garrett as Bloat, the aquarium's pufferfish
Allison Janney as Peach, the aquarium's starfish
Stephen Root as Bubbles, the aquarium's yellow tang fish
Austin Pendleton as Gurgle, the aquarium's royal gramma fish
Vicki Lewis as Deb/Flo, the aquarium's striped damselfish
Joe Ranft as Jacques, the aquarium's cleaner shrimp
Geoffrey Rush as Nigel, a brown pelican who often visits the dentist clinic and is friends with the aquarium fish
Andrew Stanton as Crush, a green sea turtle, and the Seagulls
Elizabeth Perkins as Coral, Marlin's wife and Nemo's mother
Nicholas Bird as Squirt, Crush's son
Bob Peterson as Mr. Ray, a spotted eagle ray and Nemo's schoolteacher
Barry Humphries as Bruce, a vegetarian great white shark who fights his instinctive wills to eat innocent fish and is friends with Anchor and Chum
Eric Bana as Anchor, a hammerhead shark who is friends with Bruce and Chum
Bruce Spence as Chum, a mako shark who is friends with Bruce and Anchor
Bill Hunter as the dentist at the clinic
LuLu Ebeling as Darla, the dentist's rambunctious young niece
Jordy Ranft as Tad, a butterfly fish cub and Nemo's friend at school
Erica Beck as Pearl, a flapjack octopus cub and Nemo's friend at school
Erik Per Sullivan as Sheldon, a seahorse cub and Nemo's friend at school
John Ratzenberger as the school of moonfish

text: Production[edit]

text: The inspiration for Nemo sprang from multiple experiences, going back to director Andrew Stanton's childhood, when he loved going to the dentist to see the fish tank, assuming that the fish were from the ocean and wanted to go home.[6] In 1992, shortly after his son was born, he and his family took a trip to Six Flags Discovery Kingdom (which was called Marine World at the time). There, after seeing the shark tube and various exhibits, he felt that the underwater world could be done beautifully in computer animation.[7] Later, in 1997, he took his son for a walk in the park, but realized that he was overprotecting him and lost an opportunity to have a father-son experience that day.[6]

text: In an interview with National Geographic magazine, Stanton said that the idea for the characters of Marlin and Nemo came from a photograph of two clownfish peeking out of an anemone:

text:
“
It was so arresting. I had no idea what kind of fish they were, but I couldn't take my eyes off them. And as an entertainer, the fact that they were called clownfish—it was perfect. There's almost nothing more appealing than these little fish that want to play peekaboo with you.[8]
”

text: In addition, clownfish are colourful, but do not tend to come out of an anemone often. For a character who has to go on a dangerous journey, Stanton felt a clownfish was the perfect type of fish for the character.[6] Pre-production of the film began in early 1997. Stanton began writing the screenplay during the post-production of A Bug's Life. As a result, Finding Nemo began production with a complete screenplay, something that co-director Lee Unkrich called "very unusual for an animated film".[6] The artists took scuba diving lessons to study the coral reef.[6]

text: The idea for the initiation sequence came from a story conference between Andrew Stanton and Bob Peterson while they were driving to record the actors. Stanton was inspired to cast Ellen DeGeneres when he watched an episode of Ellen in which he saw her "change the subject five times before finishing one sentence".[6] The pelican character named Gerald (who in the final film ends up swallowing and choking on Marlin and Dory) was originally a friend of Nigel. They were going to play against each other with Nigel being neat and fastidious and Gerald being scruffy and sloppy. The filmmakers could not find an appropriate scene for them that did not slow the pace of the picture, so Gerald's character was minimized.[6]

text: Stanton himself provided the voice of Crush the sea turtle. He originally did the voice for the film's story reel, and assumed they would find an actor later. When Stanton's performance became popular in test screenings, he decided to keep his performance in the film. He recorded all his dialogue while lying on a sofa in Unkrich's office.[6] Crush's son Squirt was voiced by Nicholas Bird, the young son of fellow Pixar director Brad Bird. According to Stanton, the elder Bird was playing a tape recording of his young son around the Pixar studios one day. Stanton felt the voice was "this generation's Thumper" and immediately cast Nicholas.[6]

text: Megan Mullally was originally going to provide a voice in the film. According to Mullally, the producers were dissatisfied to learn that the voice of her character Karen Walker on the television show Will & Grace was not her natural speaking voice. The producers hired her anyway, and then strongly encouraged her to use her Karen Walker voice for the role. When Mullally refused, she was dismissed.[9]

text: To ensure that the movements of the fish in the film were believable, the animators took a crash course in fish biology and oceanography. They visited aquariums, went diving in Hawaii and received in-house lectures from an ichthyologist.[10] As a result, Pixar's animator for Dory, Gini Cruz Santos, integrated "the fish movement, human movement, and facial expressions to make them look and feel like real characters."[11][12]

text: The film was dedicated to Glenn McQueen, a Pixar animator who died of melanoma in October 2002.[13] Finding Nemo shares many plot elements with Pierrot the Clownfish,[14] a children's book published in 2002, but allegedly conceived in 1995. The author, Franck Le Calvez, sued Disney for infringement of his intellectual rights and to bar Finding Nemo merchandise in France. The judge ruled against him, citing the color differences between Pierrot and Nemo.[15]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released in 2003, for PC, Xbox, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and Game Boy Advance. The goal of the game is to complete different levels under the roles of Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes cut scenes from the movie, and each clip is based on a level. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales. Upon release, the game received mixed reviews.[16][17][18][19][20][21] A Game Boy Advance sequel, titled Finding Nemo: The Continuing Adventures, was released in 2004.[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Finding Nemo received universal acclaim. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 99% approval rating, with a rating average of 8.7/10, based on 259 reviews. The site's consensus reads: "Breathtakingly lovely and grounded by the stellar efforts of a well-chosen cast, Finding Nemo adds another beautifully crafted gem to Pixar's crown."[23] Another review aggregation website, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 90 out of 100, based on 38 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim."[24]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars, calling it "one of those rare movies where I wanted to sit in the front row and let the images wash out to the edges of my field of vision".[25] Broadway star Nathan Lane, who was the voice of Timon the meerkat in The Lion King, has said Finding Nemo was his favorite animated film.[26] Ed Park of The Village Voice gave the film a positive review, saying "It's an ocean of eye candy that tastes fresh even in this ADD-addled era of SpongeBob SquarePants."[27] Mark Caro of the Chicago Tribune gave the film four out of four stars, saying "You connect to these sea creatures as you rarely do with humans in big-screen adventures. The result: a true sunken treasure."[28] Hazel-Dawn Dumpert of LA Weekly gave the film a positive review, saying "As gorgeous a film as Disney's ever put out, with astonishing qualities of light, movement, surface and color at the service of the best professional imaginations money can buy."[29] Jeff Strickler of the Star Tribune gave the film a positive review, saying it "proves that even when Pixar is not at the top of its game, it still produces better animation than some of its competitors on their best days."[29] Gene Seymour of Newsday gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "The underwater backdrops take your breath away. No, really. They're so lifelike, you almost feel like holding your breath while watching."[29] Rene Rodriguez of the Miami Herald gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Parental anxiety may not be the kind of stuff children's films are usually made of, but this perfectly enchanting movie knows how to cater to its kiddie audience without condescending to them."[30]

text: Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of five, saying "The best break of all is that Pixar's traditionally untethered imagination can't be kept under wraps forever, and "Nemo" erupts with sea creatures that showcase Stanton and company's gift for character and peerless eye for skewering contemporary culture."[31] Stephen Holden of The New York Times gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Visual imagination and sophisticated wit raise Finding Nemo to a level just below the peaks of Pixar's Toy Story movies and Monsters, Inc.."[32] Terry Lawson of the Detroit Free Press gave the film three out of four stars, saying "As we now expect from Pixar, even the supporting fish in "Finding Nemo" are more developed as characters than any human in the Mission: Impossible movies."[33] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three and half stars out of four, saying "Finding Nemo is an undersea treasure. The most gorgeous of all the Pixar films—which include Toy Story 1 and 2, A Bug's Life and Monsters, Inc.—Nemo treats family audiences to a sweet, resonant story and breathtaking visuals. It may lack Monsters, Inc.'s clever humor, but kids will identify with the spunky sea fish Nemo, and adults will relate to Marlin, Nemo's devoted dad."[34] Bruce Westbrook of the Houston Chronicle gave the film an A-, saying "Finding Nemo lives up to Pixar's high standards for wildly creative visuals, clever comedy, solid characters and an involving story."[35] Tom Long of The Detroit News gave the film an A-, saying "A simple test of humanity: If you don't laugh aloud while watching it, you've got a battery not a heart."[29]

text: Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film four out of four stars, saying "A dazzling, computer-animated fish tale with a funny, touching script and wonderful voice performances that make it an unqualified treat for all ages."[29] Moira MacDonald of The Seattle Times gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Enchanting; written with an effortless blend of sweetness and silliness, and animated with such rainbow-hued beauty, you may find yourself wanting to freeze-frame it."[29] Daphne Gordon of the Toronto Star gave the film four out of five stars, saying "One of the strongest releases from Disney in years, thanks to the work of Andrew Stanton, possibly one of the most successful directors you've never heard of."[29] Ty Burr of The Boston Globe gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Finding Nemo isn't quite up there with the company's finest work—there's finally a sense of formula setting in—but it's hands down the best family film since Monsters, Inc."[29] C.W. Nevius of The San Francisco Chronicle gave the film four out of four stars, saying "The visuals pop, the fish emote and the ocean comes alive. That's in the first two minutes. After that, they do some really cool stuff."[36] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post gave the film a positive review, saying "Finding Nemo will engross kids with its absorbing story, brightly drawn characters and lively action, and grown-ups will be equally entertained by the film's subtle humor and the sophistication of its visuals."[29] David Ansen of Newsweek gave the film a positive review, saying "A visual marvel, every frame packed to the gills with clever details, Finding Nemo is the best big-studio release so far this year."[37]

text: Richard Corliss of Time gave the film a positive review, saying "Nemo, with its ravishing underwater fantasia, manages to trump the design glamour of earlier Pixar films."[38] Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A, saying "In this seamless blending of technical brilliance and storytelling verve, the Pixar team has made something as marvelously soulful and innately, fluidly American as jazz."[39] Carrie Rickey of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three out of four stars, saying "As eye-popping as Nemo's peepers and as eccentric as this little fish with asymmetrical fins."[29] David Germain of the Associated Press gave the film a positive review, saying "Finding Nemo is laced with smart humor and clever gags, and buoyed by another cheery story of mismatched buddies: a pair of fish voiced by Albert Brooks and Ellen DeGeneres."[40] Anthony Lane of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "The latest flood of wizardry from Pixar, whose productions, from Toy Story onward, have lent an indispensable vigor and wit to the sagging art of mainstream animation."[41] The 3D re-release prompted a retrospective on the film nine years after its initial release. Stephen Whitty of The Star-Ledger described it as "a genuinely funny and touching film that, in less than a decade, has established itself as a timeless classic."[42] On the 3D re-release, Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly wrote that its emotional power was deepened by "the dimensionality of the oceanic deep" where "the spatial mysteries of watery currents and floating worlds are exactly where 3D explorers were born to boldly go".[43]

text: Box office[edit]

text: During its original theatrical run, Finding Nemo grossed $339,714,978 in North America, and $559,492,275 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $940,335,536.[2] It is currently the thirty-fifth-highest-grossing film, the seventh-highest-grossing animated film, and the second-highest-grossing film of 2003, behind The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.[44] Worldwide, it was the highest-grossing Pixar film, up until 2010, when Toy Story 3 surpassed it.[45] The film sold an estimated 56,337,500 tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[46]

text: In North America, Finding Nemo set an opening weekend record for an animated feature, making $70,251,710 (first surpassed by Shrek 2) and ended up spending 11 weeks in the top 10 domestically (including 7 weeks in the top 5), remaining there until August 14.[47] It became the highest-grossing animated film in North America ($339.7 million), outside North America ($528.2 million), and worldwide ($867.9 million), in all three occasions out-grossing The Lion King.[48] In North America, it was surpassed by both Shrek 2 in 2004 and Toy Story 3 in 2010.[49] After the re-release of The Lion King in 2011, and then Despicable Me 2 and Frozen in 2013, Minions in 2015, Zootopia, its sequel Finding Dory in 2016, and Despicable Me 3 in 2017, passed it, it stands as the ninth-highest-grossing animated film in these regions. Outside North America, it stands as the fifth-highest-grossing animated film. Worldwide, it now ranks fourth among animated films.[50]

text: The film had impressive box office runs in many international markets. In Japan, its highest-grossing market after North America, it grossed ¥11.2 billion ($102.4 million), becoming the highest-grossing foreign animated film in local currency (yen).[51] It has only been surpassed by Frozen (¥12.1 billion).[52] Following in biggest grosses are the U.K., Ireland and Malta, where it grossed £37.2 million ($67.1 million), France and the Maghreb region ($64.8 million), Germany ($53.9 million), and Spain ($29.5 million).[53]

text: 3D re-release[edit]

text: After the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King, Disney re-released Finding Nemo in 3D on September 14, 2012,[54] with a conversion cost estimated to be below $5 million.[55] For the opening weekend of its 3D re-release in North America, Finding Nemo grossed $16.7 million, debuting at the No. 2 spot behind Resident Evil: Retribution.[56] The film earned $41.1 million in North America and $31.0 million internationally, for a combined total of $72.1 million, and a cumulative worldwide total of $940.3 million.[1]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Finding Nemo won the Academy Award and Saturn Award for Best Animated Film.[57] It also won the award for Best Animated Film at the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards, the Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards, the National Board of Review Awards, the Online Film Critics Society Awards, and the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards.[58] The film received many other awards, including: Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie and Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie (Ellen DeGeneres), and the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress (Ellen DeGeneres).[58]

text: The film was also nominated for two Chicago Film Critics Association Awards, for Best Picture and Best Supporting Actress (Ellen DeGeneres), a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and two MTV Movie Awards, for Best Movie and Best Comedic Performance (Ellen DeGeneres).[58]

text: In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten Top Ten", the best 10 films in 10 "classic" American film genres, after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Finding Nemo was acknowledged as the 10th best film in the animation genre.[4] It was the most recently released film among all 10 lists, and one of only three movies made after the year 2000 (the others being The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and Shrek).[59]

text: American Film Institute recognition:

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated[59]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – No. 10 Animated film[4]

text: Environmental concerns and consequences[edit]

text: The film's use of clownfish prompted mass purchase of the fish breed as pets in the United States, even though the story portrayed the use of fish as pets negatively and suggested that saltwater aquariums are notably tricky and expensive to maintain.[60] The demand for clownfish was supplied by large-scale harvesting of tropical fish in regions like Vanuatu.[61] The Australian Tourism Commission (ATC) launched several marketing campaigns in China and the United States to improve tourism in Australia, many of them utilizing Finding Nemo clips.[62][63] Queensland used Finding Nemo to draw tourists to promote its state for vacationers.[64] According to National Geographic, "Ironically, Finding Nemo, a movie about the anguish of a captured clownfish, caused home-aquarium demand for them to triple."[65]

text: The reaction to the film by the general public has led to environmental devastation for the clownfish, and has provoked an outcry from several environmental protection agencies, including the Marine Aquarium Council, Australia. The demand for tropical fish skyrocketed after the film's release, causing reef species decimation in Vanuatu and many other reef areas.[66] After seeing the film, some aquarium owners released their pet fish into the ocean, but failed to release them into the correct oceanic habitat, which introduced species that are harmful to the indigenous environment, a practice that is harming reefs worldwide.[67][68]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Finding Nemo was released on VHS and DVD on November 4, 2003.[69] The DVD release included an original short film, Exploring the Reef, and the short animated film, Knick Knack (1989).[70] The film was then released on both Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on December 4, 2012, with both a 3-disc and a 5-disc set.[71]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Finding Nemo was the first Pixar film not to be scored by Randy Newman. The original soundtrack album, Finding Nemo, was scored by Thomas Newman, his cousin, and released on May 20, 2003.[72][73] The album was nominated for the Academy Award for Original Music Score, losing to The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.[74]

text: Theme park attractions[edit]

text: Finding Nemo has inspired numerous attractions and properties at Disney Parks around the world, including: Turtle Talk with Crush, which opened in 2004 at Epcot, 2005 in Disney California Adventure Park, 2008 in Hong Kong Disneyland, and 2009 in Tokyo DisneySea; Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage, which opened in 2007 in Disneyland Park; The Seas with Nemo & Friends, which opened in 2007 at Epcot; Finding Nemo – The Musical, which opened in 2007 in Disney's Animal Kingdom; and Crush's Coaster, which opened in 2007 at Walt Disney Studios Park.[75][76][77]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In 2005, after disagreements between Disney's Michael Eisner and Pixar's Steve Jobs over the distribution of Pixar's films, Disney announced that they would be creating a new animation studio, Circle 7 Animation, to make sequels to the seven Disney-owned Pixar films (which consisted of the films released between 1995 and 2006).[78] The studio had put Toy Story 3 and Monsters University into development, and had hired screenwriter Laurie Craig to write a draft for Finding Dory.[79] Circle 7 was subsequently shut down after Robert Iger replaced Eisner as CEO of Disney and arranged the acquisition of Pixar.

text: In July 2012, it was reported that Andrew Stanton was developing a sequel to Finding Nemo, to be titled Finding Dory,[80] with Victoria Strouse writing the script, and the film scheduled to be released in 2016.[81] The same day the news of a potential sequel broke, Stanton called into question the accuracy of the reports. The message said, "Didn't you all learn from Chicken Little? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling".[82] According to the report by The Hollywood Reporter published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory.[83] In September 2012, Stanton confirmed, saying, "What was immediately on the list was writing a second Carter movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I know I'll be accused by more sarcastic people that it's a reaction to Carter not doing well, but only in its timing, but not in its conceit".[84] In February 2013, it was confirmed by the press that Albert Brooks would reprise the role of Marlin in the sequel.[85]

text: In April 2013, Disney announced the sequel Finding Dory, confirming that DeGeneres and Brooks would be reprising their roles as Dory and Marlin, respectively. It was scheduled to be released on November 25, 2015,[86][87] but the film's ending was revised after Pixar executives viewed Blackfish.[88][89] On September 18, 2013, it was announced that the film would be pushed back to a UK July 29, 2016 release. Pixar's The Good Dinosaur was moved to the November 25, 2015 slot to allow more time for production of the film.[90]


document_title: Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones

question_text: who spoke to the dry bones in the bible

question_tokens: who spoke to the dry bones in the bible

text: Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones

text: The Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones (or The Valley of Dry Bones or The Vision of Dry Bones) is a prophecy in chapter 37 of the Book of Ezekiel.[1] The chapter details a vision revealed to the prophet Ezekiel, conveying a dream-like realistic-naturalistic depiction.

text: In his vision the prophet sees himself standing in the valley full of dry human bones. He is commanded to carry a prophecy. Before him the bones connect into human figures, then the bones become covered with tendon tissues, flesh and skin. Then God reveals the bones to the prophet as the People of Israel in exile and commands the Prophet to carry another prophecy in order to revitalize these human figures, to resurrect them and to bring them to the Land of Israel.


document_title: Boston butt

question_text: where does boston butt come from on a pig

text: Boston butt

text: Boston butt or pork butt is the American name for a cut of pork that comes from the upper part of the shoulder from the front leg and may contain the blade bone.[1]  Boston butt is the most common cut used for pulled pork, a staple of barbecue in the southern United States.  When smoked and cured, the cut is sometimes called a picnic ham, as the resulting meat closely resembles a ham taken from the hind leg.  In Louisiana cuisine, cured, smoked, and spiced pork shoulder is called tasso ham.

text: In the United Kingdom, Boston butt is known as pork shoulder on the bone, since regular pork shoulder normally has the bone removed and then rolled and tied back into a joint.

text: History of the name and cut[edit]

text: In pre-revolutionary New England and into the American Revolutionary War, New England butchers tended to take less prized cuts of pork like hams and shoulders and pack them into barrels for storage and transport, known as a butt. Comes from the latin word "Buttis" meaning cask or barrel. This particular shoulder cut became known around the country as a Boston specialty, and hence it became the "Boston butt".[2] In the UK it is known as "pork hand and spring", or simply "pork hand", or, as noted above, "pork shoulder on the bone".

text: In Latin American Spanish the cut is known as paleta de puerco,[3] and is the main ingredient in the Mexican dish carnitas[4] and in the Caribbean dishes lechon asado[5] and pernil.[6]

text: In Mexican Spanish, this cut is also known as the espaldilla (literally "little back").

text: In Argentina, this cut is incredibly popular and is known as bondiola.

text: In Korea, the cut is known as moksal (목살; literally "neck meat").