document_title: List of countries by system of government

question_text: what is the type of government in america

text: List of countries[edit]

text: UN member states and observers[edit]

text:
Name
Constitutional form
Head of state
Basis of executive legitimacy

 Afghanistan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Albania
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Algeria
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Andorra
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Angola
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Antigua and Barbuda
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Argentina
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Armenia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Australia
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Austria
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Azerbaijan
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Bahamas, The
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Bahrain
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Bangladesh
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Barbados
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Belarus
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Belgium
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Belize
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Benin
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Bhutan
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Bolivia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Botswana
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Brazil
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Brunei
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Bulgaria
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Burkina Faso
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Burundi
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Cambodia
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Cameroon
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Canada
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Cape Verde
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Central African Republic
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Chad
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Chile
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 China, People's Republic of
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Colombia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Comoros
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Congo
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Costa Rica
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Côte d'Ivoire
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Croatia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Cuba
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Cyprus
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Czech Republic
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Denmark
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Djibouti
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Dominica
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Dominican Republic
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 East Timor
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Ecuador
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Egypt
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 El Salvador
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Equatorial Guinea
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Eritrea
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Estonia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Ethiopia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Federated States of Micronesia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Fiji
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Finland
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 France
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Gabon
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Gambia, The
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Georgia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Germany
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Ghana
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Greece
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Grenada
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Guatemala
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Guinea
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Guinea-Bissau
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Guyana
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Haiti
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Honduras
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Hungary
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Iceland
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 India
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Indonesia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Iran
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Iraq
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Ireland
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Israel
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Italy
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Jamaica
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Japan
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Jordan
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Kazakhstan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Kenya
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Kiribati
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Korea, North
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Korea, South
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Kuwait
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Kyrgyzstan
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Laos
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Latvia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Lebanon
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Lesotho
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Liberia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Libya
n/a
n/a
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime

 Liechtenstein
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Lithuania
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Luxembourg
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Macedonia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Madagascar
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Malawi
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Malaysia
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Maldives
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Mali
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Malta
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Marshall Islands
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Mauritania
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Mauritius
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Mexico
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Moldova
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Monaco
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Mongolia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Montenegro
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Morocco
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Mozambique
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Myanmar
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Namibia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Nauru
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

   Nepal
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Netherlands
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 New Zealand
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Nicaragua
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Niger
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Nigeria
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Norway
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Oman
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Pakistan
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Palau
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Palestine
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Panama
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Papua New Guinea
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Paraguay
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Peru
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Philippines
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Poland
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Portugal
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Qatar
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Romania
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Russia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Rwanda
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Saint Lucia
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Samoa
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 San Marino
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 São Tomé and Príncipe
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Saudi Arabia
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Senegal
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Serbia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Seychelles
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Sierra Leone
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Singapore
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Slovakia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Slovenia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Solomon Islands
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Somalia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 South Africa
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 South Sudan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Spain
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Sri Lanka
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Sudan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Suriname
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Swaziland
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Sweden
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

  Switzerland
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Syria
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Tajikistan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Tanzania
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Thailand
n/a
n/a
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime

 Togo
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Tonga
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Trinidad and Tobago
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Tunisia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Turkey
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Turkmenistan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Tuvalu
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Uganda
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Ukraine
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 United Arab Emirates
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 United Kingdom
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 United States
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Uruguay
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Uzbekistan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Vanuatu
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

  Vatican City
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Venezuela
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Vietnam
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Yemen
n/a
n/a
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime

 Zambia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Zimbabwe
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

text: Note that Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania are Islamic Republics.

text: Unrecognized states[edit]

text: The following states control their territory and are recognized by at least one UN member state.

text:
Name
Constitutional form
Head of state
Basis of executive legitimacy

 Abkhazia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 China, Republic of
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Cook Islands
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Kosovo
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Niue
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Northern Cyprus
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 South Ossetia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

text: The following states/governments control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

text:
Name
Constitutional form
Head of state
Basis of executive legitimacy

 Artsakh
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Somaliland
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Transnistria
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

text: Map[edit]

text: Legend[edit]

text:
Presidential republics with a full presidential system

  Presidential republics with a semi-presidential system

  Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency dependent on the legislature

  Parliamentary republics with a ceremonial/non-executive president, where a separate head of government leads the executive

  Constitutional monarchy with a ceremonial monarch, where a separate head of government leads the executive

  Constitutional monarchy which have with a separate head of government, but where royalty still hold significant executive and/or legislative power

  Absolute monarchy

  Countries where the dominant role of political party is codified in the constitution

  Countries in which constitutional provisions for government have been suspended (e.g. military dictatorship)

  Countries which do not fit any of the above systems (e.g. transitional government or unclear political situations)

  No government

text: Note: this chart represent de jure systems of government, not the de facto degree of democracy. Several states constitutionally republics, broadly appear as authoritarian states.

text: Systems of governance[edit]

text: Italics indicate states with limited recognition.

text: Presidential/Separated republics[edit]

text: These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

text: Full presidential systems[edit]

text: In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is generally no prime minister, although if one exists, in most cases, he or she serves purely at the discretion of the president (with the exceptions being Belarus and Kazakhstan, where the prime minister is effectively the head of government).[1][2]

text: Presidential systems[edit]

text:
Afghanistan
 Angola
 Argentina
 Artsakh
 Bolivia
 Brazil
 Burundi
 Chile
 Colombia
 Comoros
 Costa Rica
 Cyprus
 Dominican Republic
 Ecuador
 El Salvador
 Gambia, The
 Ghana
 Guatemala
 Honduras
 Indonesia
 Kenya
 Liberia
 Malawi
 Maldives
 Mexico
 Nicaragua
 Nigeria
 Palau
 Panama
 Paraguay
 Philippines
 Seychelles
 Sierra Leone
 Somaliland
 South Sudan
 Turkmenistan
 United States
 Uruguay
 Venezuela
 Zambia
 Zimbabwe

text: Presidential systems with a prime minister[edit]

text:
Belarus
 Benin
 Cameroon
 Central African Republic
 Chad
 Djibouti
 Gabon
 Guinea
 Equatorial Guinea
 Guyana
 Ivory Coast
 Kazakhstan[2]
 Korea, South
 Rwanda
 Sudan
 Tajikistan
 Tanzania
 Togo
 Uganda
 Uzbekistan

text: Semi-presidential systems[edit]

text: In semi-presidential systems, there is always both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the president has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but the role of a head of government may be exercised by the prime minister.

text: President-parliamentary systems

text:
Abkhazia
 Azerbaijan
 Congo
 Guinea-Bissau
 Mauritania
 Mozambique
 Namibia
 Palestine
 Peru
 Russia
 Senegal
 South Ossetia
 Syria
 Taiwan (Republic of China)
 Transnistria

text: Premier-presidential systems

text:
Algeria
 Armenia
 Burkina Faso
 Cape Verde
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
 East Timor
 France
 Georgia
 Haiti
 Lithuania
 Madagascar
 Mali
 Mongolia
 Niger
 Northern Cyprus
 Poland
 Portugal
 Romania
 São Tomé and Príncipe
 Sri Lanka
 Tunisia
 Ukraine

text: Parliamentary republics[edit]

text: A parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The president's degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant to little (e.g. India), to only having certain limited reserve powers (e.g. Ireland) or none at all. Where the president holds little executive power, his or her function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead.

text:
Albania
 Austria
 Bangladesh[3]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[4]
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Czech Republic
 Dominica
 Estonia
 Ethiopia
 Fiji
 Finland[5]
 Germany
 Greece
 Hungary
 Iceland
 India
 Iraq
 Ireland
 Israel
 Italy
 Kosovo
 Kyrgyzstan
 Latvia
 Lebanon
 Macedonia
 Malta
 Mauritius
 Moldova
 Montenegro
   Nepal
 Pakistan
 Serbia
 Singapore
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Somalia
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Turkey
 Vanuatu

text: Mixed republican systems[edit]

text: A combined head of state and government is elected by the legislature, however they are not subject to parliamentary confidence during their term (although their cabinet may be); the exceptions are South Africa, where the president may be forced to resign by the Parliament's will,[6] and Kiribati, where the president is popularly elected and a successful parliamentary motion of no confidence automatically triggers a new presidential election.

text:
Botswana[7]
 Marshall Islands[7]
 Federated States of Micronesia[8]
 Kiribati
 Myanmar[8]
 Nauru[7]
 San Marino[9]
 South Africa
 Suriname[8]
  Switzerland[8][10]

text: Directorial systems[edit]

text: In the directorial system a council jointly exercises both state functions and governmental powers (the council is the collective head of state and government). The council is elected by the parliament, but it is not subject to political confidence during its term which has a fixed duration.

text: Constitutional monarchies[edit]

text: These are systems in which the head of state is a constitutional monarch; the existence of their office and their ability to exercise their authority is established and restrained or held back by constitutional law.

text: Constitutional monarchies with ceremonial monarchs[edit]

text: Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government. In some cases the prime minister is also leader of the legislature, in other cases the executive branch is clearly separated from legislature although the entire cabinet or individual ministers must step down in the case of a vote of no confidence.[11][12][dubious – discuss] The head of state is a constitutional monarch who normally only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.

text:
Andorra[13]
 Antigua and Barbuda[14]
 Australia[14]
 Bahamas[14]
 Barbados[14]
 Belgium
 Belize[14]
 Cambodia
 Canada[14]
 Cook Islands[14][15]
 Denmark
 Grenada[14]
 Jamaica[14]
 Japan
 Lesotho
 Luxembourg
 Malaysia
 Netherlands
 New Zealand[14]
 Niue[14][15]
 Norway
 Papua New Guinea[14]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis[14]
 Saint Lucia[14]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[14]
 Samoa
 Solomon Islands[14]
 Spain
 Sweden
 Tuvalu[14]
 United Kingdom[14]

text: Constitutional monarchies with active monarchs[edit]

text: The prime minister is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at their own discretion.

text:
Bahrain
 Bhutan
 Jordan
 Kuwait
 Liechtenstein
 Monaco
 Morocco
 Tonga
 Thailand

text: Absolute monarchies[edit]

text: Specifically, monarchies in which the monarch's exercise of power is unconstrained by any substantive constitutional law.

text:
Brunei
 Oman
 Qatar
 Saudi Arabia
 Swaziland
 United Arab Emirates[16]
  Vatican City[17]

text: Theocracies[edit]

text: States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

text:
Andorra[18]
 Iran[19]
  Vatican City[17]

text: One-party states[edit]

text: States in which political power is by law concentrated within one political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy (as opposed to states where the law establishes a multi-party system but this fusion is not achieved anyway through electoral fraud or simple inertia). However, some do have elected governments.

text:
China, People's Republic of (Communist Party leads the United Front) (list)
 Cuba (Communist Party) (list)
 Eritrea (People's Front for Democracy and Justice) (list)
 Korea, North (Workers' Party leads the Democratic Front) (list)
 Laos (People's Revolutionary Party leads the Front for National Construction) (list)
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Polisario Front) (Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic)
 Vietnam (Communist Party leads the Fatherland Front) (list)

text: Military junta states[edit]

text: The nation's military control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

text: Thailand (constitutional monarchy)

text: Transitional[edit]

text: States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and are classified with the current direction of change.

text:
Burkina Faso (semi-presidential system)
 Egypt (semi-presidential system)
 Eritrea (presidential system)
 Libya (provisional government)
 Yemen (provisional government)

text: Systems of internal governance[edit]

text: Federal[edit]

text: States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. The central government may or may not be (in theory) a creation of the regional governments.

text:
Argentina (23 provinces and one autonomous city: Buenos Aires)
 Australia (six states and three territories)
 Austria (nine states)
 Belgium (three regions and three linguistic communities)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (two entities and one district)
 Brazil (26 states and the Federal District)
 Canada (ten provinces and three territories)
 Comoros (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mohéli)
 Ethiopia (nine regions and two chartered cities)
 Germany (16 states)
 India (29 states and seven union territories)
 Iraq (18 governorates and one region: Kurdistan)
 Malaysia (13 states and three federal territories)
 Mexico (31 states and one federal district: Mexico City)
 Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap)
   Nepal (seven provinces)
 Nigeria (36 states and one federal territory: Federal Capital Territory)
 Pakistan (4 provinces, 2 autonomous areas and 2 territories)
 Russia (46 oblasts, 22 republics, nine krais, four autonomous okrugs, three federal cities, one autonomous oblast)
 Saint Kitts and Nevis (Saint Kitts, Nevis)
 South Sudan (ten states)
 Sudan (17 states)
  Switzerland (26 cantons)
 United Arab Emirates (seven emirates)
 United States (50 states, one incorporated territory, and one federal district: District of Columbia)
 Venezuela (23 states, one capital district and one federal dependency)

text: Unitary states[edit]

text: Regionalised unitary states[edit]

text: States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional authorities.

text:
Bolivia (9 regions, of which 9 are autonomous)
 China, People's Republic of (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 province-level municipalities, 2 special administrative regions, and 1 claimed province)
 China, Republic of (2 provinces, 6 special municipalities, 33 claimed provinces, 3 claimed special administrative regions, 2 regions, 12 claimed special municipalities, 14 leagues, and 4 special banners)
 France (18 regions, of which 6 are autonomous)
 Indonesia (34 provinces, of which 5 provinces have special status)
 Italy (20 regions, of which 5 are autonomous)
 Kingdom of the Netherlands (4 constituent countries)
 Philippines (one autonomous region subdivided into 5 provinces and 113 other provinces and independent cities grouped into 17 other non-autonomous regions)
 Portugal (2 autonomous regions)
 Spain (17 autonomous communities, 15 communities of common-regime, 1 community of chartered regime, 3 chartered provinces, 2 autonomous cities)
 Tanzania (21 mainland regions and  Zanzibar)
 Ukraine (24 oblasts, 2 cities with special status, and  Crimea)
 United Kingdom (4 constituent countries, 3 devolved administrations)

text: Confederation[edit]

text: European Union[edit]

text: The exact political character of the European Union is debated, some arguing that it is sui generis (unique), but others arguing that it has features of a federation or a confederation. It has elements of intergovernmentalism, with the European Council acting as its collective "president", and also elements of supranationalism, with the European Commission acting as its executive and bureaucracy.[20] But it is not easily placed in any of the above categories.[citation needed]


document_title: Bill Goldberg

question_text: who did goldberg play for in the nfl

question_tokens: who did goldberg play for in the nfl

root

text: Bill Goldberg

text: Early life

text: Goldberg was born and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he had a bar mitzvah at Temple Israel[14] and graduated from Tulsa Edison High School.[15] He acquired a love for football early in life and was a bouncer at age 16.[16] Goldberg's mother, Ethel, is a classical violinist, while his father, Jed, who attended Harvard University, was an obstetrician and gynecologist. They divorced, and Jed died in late 2006.[17] Ethel also breeds flowers and created an award-winning hybrid orchid, which she named after Goldberg.[18] His brother, Michael, is the owner of a music club in Aspen, Colorado.[19]

tag: p

text: Goldberg is proud of his Jewish heritage and refused to hide it in the wrestling world, including refusing to wrestle on Yom Kippur.[20][21] His Romanian great-grandfather, Marcel, emigrated from Bucharest and came to the U.S. through Ellis Island.[22] His other great-grandfather, Willie, was a Russian immigrant.

text: Football career

text:
Bill GoldbergNo. 71, 73Position:
Defensive tacklePersonal informationBorn:
 (1966-12-27) December 27, 1966 (age 51)Tulsa, OklahomaHeight:
6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)Weight:
255 lb (116 kg)Career informationHigh school:
Tulsa (OK) EdisonCollege:
GeorgiaNFL Draft:
1990 / Round: 11 / Pick: 302Career history

Los Angeles Rams (1990–1991)*
Sacramento Surge (1992)
Sacramento Gold Miners (1993)
Atlanta Falcons (1992–1994)
Carolina Panthers (1995)*

 * Offseason and/or practice squad member only
Career highlights and awards

World Bowl champion (II)

Career NFL statistics
Games played:
14Games started:
1
Player stats at NFL.com

tag: table

text: Goldberg earned a scholarship to play for the University of Georgia Bulldogs football team where he served as a defensive tackle. He was taken by the Los Angeles Rams in the 11th round, with the 302nd overall selection, in the 1990 NFL draft.

text: He played for the Los Angeles Rams in the 1990 NFL season, followed by a stint with the CFL Sacramento Gold Miners and Atlanta Falcons from 1992 to 1994. After being cut from the Falcons, in 1995 he was selected by the new expansion team, the Carolina Panthers, in the 1995 NFL expansion draft, but never played a game with the team. He was the first player to have been cut by the Panthers.

text: Goldberg's NFL career ended when he "tore his lower abdomen off his pelvis". He had hopes of returning to the league after rehabilitation but, due to his lack of success, was not considered a major asset. Goldberg has described playing in the NFL as "a mixed emotional experience" because, despite reaching the goal of simply playing in the NFL, he did not obtain the level of achievement that he desired.[16]

text: Professional wrestling career

text: World Championship Wrestling (1996-2002)

text: Training and early matches (1996–1997)

text: During the rehab following his NFL injury, Goldberg began powerlifting and mixed martial arts training. He was spotted by Lex Luger and Sting who urged him to try professional wrestling.[23] Although not a fan of professional wrestling, he saw it as an alternative to his fledgling football career and began training at the WCW Power Plant.

text: Working as Bill Gold, Goldberg made five appearances. The first was on a dark match at a Monday Nitro event on June 23, 1997 where he defeated Buddy Lee Parker.[24] He also faced and defeated Buddy Landell (Saturday Night dark match), Hugh Morrus (house show), Chip Minton (Nitro dark match) and John Betcha (house show). His final pre-televised appearance was in a dark match on July 24 at a Saturday Night taping in a loss to Chad Fortune.

text: Undefeated streak (1997–1998)

text: On the September 22, 1997 episode of Nitro, Goldberg defeated Hugh Morrus in his debut match. Soon afterward, he began to score quick victories over his fellow WCW wrestlers in the range of 1–2 minutes. Goldberg's succession of wins saw him quickly advance up the card, and he was pushed as a singles wrestler. The newcomer captivated fans with his monstrous yet silent charisma, brute strength, and agility that saw him vault the ropes, perform high kicks and even the occasional backflip. Goldberg made his pay-per-view debut at Starrcade defeating Steve McMichael.[1][2] In early 1998, Goldberg squashed Brad Armstrong at SuperBrawl VIII and pinned Perry Saturn at Spring Stampede.[1][2] In mid-March, WCW stopped referring to him by his full name, shortening it to simply Goldberg.[25] Around this time, WCW began counting Goldberg's consecutive wins on television as he continued to climb up the ranks. Goldberg's win over Saturn was his 74th consecutive without a loss, and the next night on Nitro he challenged Raven for the United States Heavyweight Championship that Raven had won the night before at Spring Stampede. Despite interference from Raven's Flock, Goldberg overpowered them all and defeated Raven to win his first professional wrestling championship.[26] Two days later on the April 22 episode of Thunder, he made his first successful title defense against Mike Enos.[27] Goldberg then started a feud with Raven and The Flock. At Slamboree, he ended his feud with The Flock after a successful title defense against Saturn.[2] Goldberg continued to make successful title defenses against Konnan at The Great American Bash and Curt Hennig.[2] By this time, he had adopted the catchphrase "Who's next?" in reference to his rapidly expanding winning streak.[28]

text: As Goldberg was getting over as a main eventer, he continued to defend the United States Heavyweight Championship and was slowly becoming a contender for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship that was held by New World Order (nWo) leader Hollywood Hogan. Hogan eventually promised Goldberg a title match. The match was scheduled for the July 6, 1998 episode of Nitro held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta with over 40,000 in attendance, but Hogan insisted that Goldberg first had to defeat his nWo stablemate Scott Hall. Goldberg won and later in the evening was also able to defeat Hogan to become the WCW World Heavyweight Champion, in turn vacating his United States Heavyweight Championship. At Road Wild, Goldberg won a battle royal, consisting of nWo members.[1][2] After Diamond Dallas Page became the number one contender for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, Goldberg and Page began a feud with each other. At Halloween Havoc, the feud was settled after Goldberg defeated Page to retain the title.[1][2] According to Goldberg, his match against Page was the favourite match of his career.[29][unreliable source] At Starrcade, Goldberg's undefeated streak ended at an official count of 173–0,[4][30] and after 174 days as champion when he lost the title to Kevin Nash after Scott Hall, disguised as a ringside security guard, made a run-in and shocked Goldberg with a taser gun.[1][2] Goldberg, however, got his revenge at Souled Out, when he defeated Hall in a ladder taser match. Goldberg won when he used the taser, which was hung high above the ring, requiring the ladder to obtain it.[1][2] At the same time, the WWF began mocking Goldberg with the character Gillberg, a perennial jobber who dressed similarly to Goldberg and mocked his signature entrance and mannerisms, but was small and scrawny, using the catchphrase "Who's First?" since he never won.

text: Goldberg's win–loss record at WCW events from 1997 to 1998 differed from that which was perpetuated by the company, with the official figure exaggerating the number of matches in which he won to 173.[31][32][33][34] Nick Schwartz of Fox Sports wrote: "No one really knows what Goldberg's actual record was... but it's generally accepted that 173–0 is an inflated number".[35] Some of Goldberg's industry peers have stated that the figure was exaggerated.[35] His then-WCW colleague Chris Jericho stated: "One week he'd be 42–0 and seven days later he'd be 58–0. Did stepping on bugs count?"[36] Manager Jimmy Hart, who also worked with Goldberg in WCW, regarded the level of embellishment as "kind of funny", while professional wrestler The Miz said: "The number would just go on and on and on, to where it was like, 'Wait a second. How did he get this many wins in such a short time'?"[37] This exaggeration damaged the streak's credibility among the WCW audience: upon noticing that the figure had been falsified, fans began to withdraw homemade signs trumpeting Goldberg's record.[33]

text: Championship pursuits and final feuds (1999–2001)

text:
At Spring Stampede, Goldberg gained his revenge against Nash by defeating him.[1][2] Then at Slamboree the following month, Goldberg was "injured" in an attack by Rick and Scott Steiner and took some time off to prepare for his movie debut in the 1999 film Universal Soldier: The Return alongside Timecop film star Jean-Claude Van Damme.[2] He returned two months later and defeated Rick Steiner at Road Wild.[2][38] Goldberg then restarted his feud with DDP also involving Page's allies, The Jersey Triad, which culminated in a match at Fall Brawl that Goldberg won.[2] After Goldberg settled his rivalry
with Page, he began focusing on Sid Vicious and challenged him to a match to end Sid's winning streak.[2] The two feuded with each other, which culminated in a match at Halloween Havoc for Sid's United States Heavyweight title. Goldberg defeated Sid via referee stoppage, and thus won his second United States Heavyweight Championship.[39] Later that night, he answered an open challenge from WCW World Heavyweight Champion Sting and defeated him to win the championship.[1][2] On the next night's episode of Nitro, commissioner J.J. Dillon ruled that the match had not been sanctioned by WCW and that, therefore, Goldberg's victory was void.[2] Sting, however, was not given the title back due to his attack on a referee during the event and Dillon announced a 32-man tournament for the now-vacant title which included Goldberg.[2]

text: Goldberg wrestled Bret Hart on the same Nitro in the first round of the tournament in a match that also served as the first defense of his newly won United States Heavyweight Championship. Sid Vicious managed to interfere in the contest and cost Goldberg the match, thus giving him his second career loss, costing him the title, and eliminating him from the tournament which was eventually won by Hart at Mayhem in November.[2] Goldberg continued his rivalry with Vicious and defeated him in an "I Quit" match at Mayhem to close their feud.[2] Shortly thereafter, Goldberg joined forces with Hart, teaming with him to defeat Creative Control for the WCW World Tag Team Championship.[40] One week later, they lost the title to The Outsiders (Scott Hall and Kevin Nash).

text: At Starrcade, Goldberg challenged Hart for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship; in the course of the match, Goldberg delivered a stiff kick to Hart's head, legitimately giving him a concussion and tearing a muscle in his neck. Hart continued on, suffering what he believed to be at least one other concussion when he hit his head on the floor while executing a ringpost-assisted figure-four leglock. The match ended when Roddy Piper, the special guest referee for the contest, declared Hart the winner despite Goldberg never having submitted to the Sharpshooter.[1][2] Hart vacated the title the next night on Nitro, saying he did not want to win that way, and gave Goldberg a rematch.[41] Goldberg was defeated again due to outside interference from Hall and Nash, who came to the ring brandishing baseball bats which they used to attack Goldberg.[41] In a swerve, Hart took one of the bats from The Outsiders and began beating on Goldberg himself, doing enough damage to score the pin and regain his championship.[2][41] After the match, Hall, Nash, Hart and Jeff Jarrett reformed the nWo[41] and gave Goldberg a new target for a feud that, however, would not last long.

text: Shortly after his title match loss, Goldberg injured himself on the December 23, 1999 episode of Thunder, during a sequence where he chased the nWo limousine into the parking lot. A spot in the sequence called for Goldberg to pound on the windshield of the limousine with his hands. To ensure his safety, Goldberg had assistance from a piece of metal pipe and his hands were covered in black tape. After this, Goldberg was to break some of the vehicle's windows. There were four windows on the side of the limousine and Goldberg broke the first two with his hands. He then got aggressive, putting his forearm through the third window and immediately gashing it. Goldberg finished the sequence by pounding on the hood of the limo with his bloody arm, but immediately after it ended he was taken from the arena and rushed to a nearby hospital where the wound was patched. Goldberg lost a large amount of blood due to the accident. The injury caused Goldberg to miss the January 4, 2000 New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) Tokyo Dome show, where he was scheduled to face Manabu Nakanishi. After taking time off to recuperate, Goldberg returned to WCW on the May 29, 2000 episode of Nitro interfering in a handicap match between Kevin Nash and the team of Tank Abbott and Rick Steiner .[2] At The Great American Bash, Goldberg betrayed Nash during Nash's world championship match against Jeff Jarrett and turned into a villain for the first time in his career, aligning himself with The New Blood faction.[1][2] This did not last long, as Goldberg again was lost to injury and had to miss time. As a result of this betrayal, Goldberg feuded with Nash and defeated him at Bash at the Beach, with help from fellow New Blood member Scott Steiner.[2] Goldberg participated in a triangle number one contender's match against Nash and Steiner at New Blood Rising, which Nash won.[2] Goldberg walked out of the match midway through while Nash had him ready for the Jackknife Powerbomb and swore at Vince Russo as he left the ring, turning face again. He then began a rivalry with Steiner, culminating in a no disqualification match at Fall Brawl which Goldberg lost due to outside interference.[2]

text: After his loss to Steiner, Goldberg's rivalry with Russo accelerated and in October, having finally had enough, Russo gave Goldberg an ultimatum. If Goldberg was to lose another match at any point in time, unless he managed to duplicate his undefeated streak from 1997 to 1998, he would be forced to retire from professional wrestling. Goldberg defeated KroniK (Brian Adams and Bryan Clark) at Halloween Havoc in a handicap elimination match.[1][2] He then started a feud with Lex Luger.[2] This culminated in a match at Mayhem, which Goldberg won.[2] They continued their rivalry and battled in a rematch at Starrcade.[1][2] Goldberg won the match, but afterwards he was attacked by Luger's partner Buff Bagwell.[1][2] Goldberg feuded with both Luger and Bagwell, who called themselves "Totally Buffed". His streak was broken at Sin when Goldberg, teaming with his Power Plant trainer DeWayne Bruce, lost to Totally Buffed in a tag team no disqualification match after a "fan" maced him, enabling Totally Buffed to pin him.[1][2]  The storyline was intended to enable Goldberg to have shoulder surgery, but WCW was sold to the WWF in March 2001, while Goldberg was still recuperating. The WWF did not buy out Goldberg's contract with Time Warner (the parent company of WCW) as they had done with several other WCW employees, so he was not involved in the WWF "Invasion" angle. Goldberg instead remained under contract to Time Warner until May 2002, when he agreed on a contract buyout.[1][2] He was WCW's highest paid athlete, alongside Bret Hart, earning 2.5 million dollars per year, a sum which would have risen to 3.5 million in the final year of his contract, due to have expired in July 2003.[42]

text: All Japan Pro Wrestling (2002–2003)

text: Goldberg had suffered an arm injury during the Toyota Pro/Celebrity Race at the Long Beach Grand Prix in April 2002. In August 2002, he returned to the ring in Japan. He initially joined All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), defeating Satoshi Kojima and Taiyō Kea. He went on to defeat Rick Steiner in a match for the W-1 promotion, and teamed with Keiji Mutoh to defeat KroniK. His success in Japan led to the WWF – now renamed World Wrestling Entertainment – to begin contract negotiations with him.[1]

text: World Wrestling Entertainment (2003–2004)

text: After leaving Japan, Goldberg signed a one-year contract with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in March 2003, debuting on the March 31 episode of Raw (the night after WrestleMania XIX) and starting a feud with The Rock by performing a spear on him.[1] Their rivalry intensified when The Rock held a segment entitled The Rock Concert, where he taunted Goldberg along with Gillberg, but Goldberg defeated him in his debut match at Backlash on April 27, following three spears and a Jackhammer.[43] Goldberg went undefeated over the subsequent half-year, defeating 3-Minute Warning in his first match on Raw.[1] Goldberg defeated Christian the following week on Raw in a steel cage match.[1]

text: Goldberg next feuded with Chris Jericho, when during Jericho's first edition of the Highlight Reel, an interview show where Goldberg was the guest, he complained that no one wanted Goldberg in WWE and continued to insult him in the following weeks. On the May 12 episode of Raw, a mystery assailant attempted to run over Goldberg with a limousine. The following week on Raw, the Raw Co-General Manager Stone Cold Steve Austin interrogated several superstars to find out who was driving the car. One of the interrogatees was Lance Storm, who admitted that he was the assailant. Austin forced Storm into a match with Goldberg, who defeated Storm, immediately after which Goldberg forced Storm to admit that Jericho was the superstar who conspired Storm into running him over. On the May 26 episode of Raw, Goldberg was once again a guest on the Highlight Reel, where Jericho expressed jealousy towards Goldberg's success in WCW and felt that since joining WWE, he had achieved everything he had ever wanted in his career and all that was left was to defeat Goldberg and challenged him to a match. At Bad Blood on June 15, Goldberg defeated Jericho.[1]

text: Goldberg entered a rivalry with Triple H, challenging him for the World Heavyweight Championship at SummerSlam on August 23 in the second Elimination Chamber match in WWE. After eliminating Randy Orton, Shawn Michaels and Jericho, he was pinned by Triple H after Ric Flair threw a sledgehammer inside the chamber and Triple H hit Goldberg with it, meaning Triple H retained the title.[44] Goldberg continued his feud with Triple H and defeated him for the World Heavyweight Championship at Unforgiven on September 21, after agreeing to put his career on the line.[45][46] The next night on Raw, Goldberg successfully retained the title against Chris Jericho. The following week on Raw, Triple H issued a $100,000 bounty to anybody who could take Goldberg out. Steven Richards, Mark Henry, La Résistance and Tommy Dreamer all attempted to collect the bounty, but they were unsuccessful. On the October 20 episode of Raw, Batista collected the bounty after he interfered in Goldberg's title defense against Shawn Michaels and attacked Goldberg, placing a folding chair around Goldberg's ankle and jumping off the middle rope onto the chair, shattering his ankle. Furious, Goldberg demanded a match against Batista, but Triple H got involved in the match by trying to cripple Goldberg, who executed a spear on Triple H and attacked Batista with a sledgehammer. At Survivor Series on November 16, Goldberg retained the title against Triple H despite interference from Evolution.[47] On the November 17 episode of Raw, Goldberg faced Triple H, Randy Orton and Batista in a handicap match, but he was pinned following an RKO, Batista Bomb and Pedigree. After the match, Kane unexpectedly came out to seemingly assist Goldberg after Evolution continued their assault on him following the match. After scaring off Evolution, he turned on Goldberg and executed a chokeslam on him. The following week on Raw, Kane attacked Goldberg again while he was defending the championship against Triple H in a rematch from Survivor Series and expressed his desire to face Goldberg for the title. Raw General Manager Eric Bischoff scheduled Goldberg to defend the championship against both Kane and Triple H in a triple threat match at Armageddon. Goldberg teamed with Shawn Michaels and Rob Van Dam to face and defeat Kane, Batista and Orton in a six-man tag team match. On the December 8 episode of Raw, Goldberg faced Kane in a lumberjack match which ended in a disqualification when Evolution and Mark Henry entered the ring and assaulted Goldberg. At Armageddon on December 14, Goldberg lost the title when Triple H pinned him after interference from Evolution and a chokeslam from Kane, thus ending his reign at 84 days.[48]

text: Survivor Series also marked the first time Goldberg met the WWE Champion Brock Lesnar by interrupting Lesnar after the latter remarked that he could beat anyone in the world. The feud escalated at the 2004 Royal Rumble on January 25, when Goldberg was in the midst of dominating the Royal Rumble match (he eliminated Charlie Haas, Billy Gunn and Nunzio) as the 30th entrant until Lesnar interfered in the match and executed an F-5 on Goldberg. Angrily distracted at Lesnar's attack, Goldberg was eliminated by Kurt Angle.[1] Vowing revenge after defeating Mark Henry and Jonathan Coachman in a no disqualification handicap match the following Raw, Goldberg declared Lesnar his next victim. On February 2, Goldberg was given a front row ticket to No Way Out by Stone Cold Steve Austin. SmackDown! General Manager Paul Heyman appeared on Raw, and along with Mr. McMahon attempted to get Goldberg to leave Lesnar, but Goldberg executed a spear on Heyman and accidentally executed a spear on Austin when he was aiming for McMahon. Goldberg attended No Way Out as a fan, confronting Lesnar at the event and, after several insults by Lesnar, entered the ring and countered a F-5 from Lesnar with a Jackhammer, before being detained and escorted out of the arena by security guards. During the main event between Lesnar and Eddie Guerrero on February 15, Goldberg reemerged from the crowd and cost Lesnar the title.[49] Lesnar then demanded a match with Goldberg at WrestleMania XX on March 14, with Austin serving as special guest referee. Fans knew this would be the final WWE match for both Goldberg and Lesnar, and thus gave largely negative reactions throughout the performance.[50][51] Goldberg won the match, causing Lesnar to show Austin a middle finger, but he instead received a Stone Cold Stunner in return, and as Goldberg celebrated his victory with Austin, he also received a Stone Cold Stunner.[50]

text: Legends of Wrestling (2015–2016)

text: Goldberg made his return to professional wrestling on June 7, 2015 at the Legends of Wrestling show at Citi Field in New York. While he was not scheduled to wrestle at the event, Goldberg came to the aid of Rob Van Dam after his match with Scott Steiner. He performed a spear on Steiner and a Jackhammer on Doc Gallows.[52]

text: On January 23, 2016, Goldberg made a second return for the Legends of Wrestling event in Miami, where he delivered another spear to Steiner after his match with Chavo Guerrero.[53]

text: Return to WWE

text: Feud with Brock Lesnar (2016–2017)

text: On May 31, 2016, Goldberg was announced as the pre-order bonus for the upcoming WWE 2K17 video game.[54][55] Throughout the summer, Goldberg and WWE 2K17 cover star and former rival Brock Lesnar traded insults with each other through social media and WWE 2K events such as Gamescom.[56] Goldberg would also appear at the WWE 2K SummerSlam event the weekend before the pay-per-view event took place, fueling speculation he would be appearing at the event to confront Lesnar.[57] Goldberg then appeared on the October 3 episode of SportsCenter, where he contemplated a return to WWE.[58] This led to Paul Heyman challenging Goldberg to face Lesnar on the October 10 episode of Raw,[56] with Heyman stating that Goldberg was the one blemish on Lesnar's WWE career, as Goldberg had defeated Lesnar at WrestleMania XX in 2004.[59] The following week on Raw, Goldberg returned to WWE for the first time in twelve years, accepting Heyman's challenge and signaling that Lesnar would be next and last.[60] On the October 24 episode of Raw, Lesnar returned with Heyman, who insulted Goldberg.[61] It was then announced that their match would take place at Survivor Series.[62] On the October 31 episode of Raw, Goldberg returned to address Lesnar's comments from the previous week, only to be interrupted by Heyman, who teased that Lesnar was there, but Rusev came out instead.[63] Goldberg executed a Jackhammer on Rusev and a spear on Heyman.[64] On the final Raw before Survivor Series, Goldberg and Lesnar had a face off, resulting in a brawl with security.[65] At Survivor Series on November 20, Goldberg defeated Lesnar in one minute and twenty-six seconds.[66][67]

text: The next night on Raw, Goldberg celebrated his victory over Lesnar and declared himself the first participant in the 2017 Royal Rumble match.[68] The following week on Raw, Heyman addressed the Survivor Series match, stating that they had underestimated Goldberg and that the match was a humiliation and embarrassment for him and Lesnar, who would also be in the Royal Rumble match as he has something to prove.[69] Goldberg returned on the January 2, 2017 episode of Raw where he confronted Chris Jericho and WWE Universal Champion Kevin Owens, stating that he would win the Royal Rumble match and challenge for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 33.[70] Roman Reigns and Braun Strowman then came out to confront Goldberg, Owens and Jericho, and after a stare down, Goldberg and Reigns performed a double-spear on Strowman.[71] Goldberg appeared once more on the January 23 episode of Raw, where he was confronted by Lesnar and The Undertaker.[72] During the Royal Rumble match on January 29, Goldberg entered at number 28 and eliminated Lesnar following a brief confrontation and a spear, as well as eliminating Rusev and Luke Harper before being eliminated by The Undertaker.[73][74][75]

text: Lesnar then appeared on the following night's episode of Raw and challenged Goldberg to one final match at WrestleMania 33.[76] Goldberg would go on to accept Lesnar's challenge on the February 6 episode of Raw whilst interrupting Kevin Owens and Chris Jericho in the process.[77] Goldberg would challenge Owens to a Universal Championship match at Fastlane with Jericho accepting on Owens' behalf and the match was made official later that night.[78] On the February 27 episode of Raw, Goldberg and Owens had one final confrontation with Goldberg claiming that if he would win the Universal Championship, he would defend it against Lesnar at WrestleMania 33.[79] At Fastlane on March 5, after a distraction from Jericho (who Owens betrayed and attacked on the February 13 episode of Raw),[80] Goldberg defeated Owens to win the Universal Championship.[81][82] The next night on Raw, Goldberg was confronted by Lesnar, who executed an F-5 on Goldberg. On the final Raw before WrestleMania, Goldberg responded with a spear on Lesnar. At WrestleMania 33 on April 2, despite performing four spears and a Jackhammer, Goldberg lost the title to Lesnar in what was also his first clean singles loss.[83][84] Goldberg appeared the following night on Raw Talk (which aired on the WWE Network after the Raw broadcast) to wish the fans farewell, but ultimately did not rule out a return in the future.[85]

text: WWE Hall of Fame (2018)

text: On January 15, 2018, ESPN announced that Goldberg would be inducted as the headliner of the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2018. This was then confirmed on Raw when it was announced by WWE.[86] On March 25, WWE announced that Paul Heyman would be inducting Goldberg into the Hall of Fame. During his speech accepted the award, he discussed the various wrestlers that helped him attain his public status, and his view on professional wrestling as a whole, which had become much more positive over the years.[87]

text: Mixed martial arts

text: On July 22, 2006, Goldberg served as color commentator in mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion World Fighting Alliance (WFA) King of the Streets pay-per-view in Los Angeles, California. When asked whether he was interested in becoming a mixed martial artist, Goldberg stated, "I'd love to, especially if I was 21 or even 29, but these guys are so far ahead of me in terms of experience. I never say never, though. But I don't see myself stopping my movies, my shows, my commentating, or being a dad to do that". On June 2, 2007, Goldberg also commentated on K-1 Dynamite USA.

text: Goldberg became a color commentator for the EliteXC organization during their inaugural event. The event, EliteXC Destiny, was broadcast live on Showtime, on February 10, 2007. He continued in this role through all of EliteXC's showcase and combined cards, including Dynamite!! USA, Strikeforce Shamrock vs. Baroni, EliteXC: Renegade, and EliteXC: Street Certified.

text: Other media

text: Goldberg sponsored the Monster Jam truck "Goldberg", which was driven by Tom Meents from 2000 to 2001 as part of a deal between WCW and FELD Motorsports. The truck was very successful winning the Monster Jam World Finals Racing championship in both 2000 and 2001 and the Freestyle championship in 2001. The truck was retired after WCW was bought by WWE, thus ending the partnership.

text: Goldberg co-authored his own biography with his brother Steve. It was entitled “I’m Next: The Strange Journey of America's Most Unlikely Superhero.” [88]

text: In 2014, Goldberg started his own podcast entitled Who's Next?! With Bill Goldberg, which includes weekly guest interviews.

text: Film and television

text: Goldberg began acting while working for WCW in 1999. His appearance in Universal Soldier: The Return corresponded with him being featured in the music video.[89] He was a special guest star on Hulk Hogan's Celebrity Championship Wrestling. On the show he showed the contestants his various power moves and also how to hit an opponent with a steel chair. He went on to host three seasons of the Speed Channel show Bullrun.

text: In 2005, Goldberg also starred in the Happy Madison produced Adam Sandler movie The Longest Yard, as an inmate, along with fellow wrestlers Kevin Nash, The Great Khali, and Stone Cold Steve Austin, as well as actors Chris Rock and Burt Reynolds among others. In the same year he was also the host of The History Channel documentary series Auto-Maniac and later starred in the movie Santa's Slay where he plays a homicidal Santa Claus who goes on a killing spree on Christmas. In 2007, Goldberg starred in the thriller/drama film Half Past Dead 2 alongside rapper Kurupt.[citation needed]

text: In March 2010, Goldberg appeared on the ninth season of Donald Trump's reality series The Celebrity Apprentice and was eliminated in the sixth episode.[90] In 2016, Goldberg starred in the documentary film Nine Legends alongside other notable wrestlers, former boxing star Mike Tyson and UFC fighter Randy Couture.[91]

text: Video games

text: Goldberg is a playable character in numerous video games, including WCW Nitro,[92] WCW/nWo Revenge,[93] WCW/nWo Thunder,[94] WCW Mayhem,[95] WCW Backstage Assault,[96] WWE WrestleMania XIX, WWE Raw 2,[97] WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain,[98] WWE 2K14[99] WWE 2K17 (for which he was the pre-order bonus)[100] and WWE 2K18.

text: Personal life

text: On April 10, 2005, Goldberg married Wanda Ferraton, a stunt double whom he met while filming Santa's Slay.[101] They reside in Bonsall, California, and have one son together named Gage.[102]

text: Goldberg co-owns and operates the Extreme Power Gym Muay Thai and amateur boxing training facility in Oceanside, California.[103] He also owns over 25 vintage cars,[20] including a Plymouth Hemi Cuda Convertible, Shelby Cobra 427, and a Mustang Boss 429 "Lawman" (one of the two cars used in the Vietnam War to entertain the U.S. Army).

text: Goldberg has a long scar on the right side of his torso from a tear suffered during a college football game that required surgery to repair. He also acquired a scar on his right forearm from an altercation in WCW which kept him out of action for quite some time due to the surgery needed to fix.[104] He has a large tribal tattoo on his left upper shoulder (which became his professional wrestling logo) and a skull on the inside of his right biceps.

text: Philanthropy

text: In January 2016, Goldberg and entertainment impresario Uncle Louie started a joint venture with disabled Air Force veteran Reinaldo Horday called "Combat Crate", offering a crate of exclusive memorabilia with 100% of the profit from the inaugural crate going to Wounded Warriors of South Florida.[105]

text: Goldberg is an animal welfare advocate and an American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)   spokesman, and has addressed the United States Congress in order to raise awareness of illegal animal fighting.[106] Goldberg participated regularly in the Jimmy V Golf Classic, and visits with children in local hospitals who are undergoing cancer treatment.[107][108][109][110] [111]

text: Filmography

text: The filmography includes his appearances in TV series and documentaries, and projects he has produced, but does not include his pro-wrestling appearances on televised productions.

text:
Film

Year

Title

Role

1999
The Jesse Ventura Story
Luger

Universal Soldier: The Return
Romeo

2000
Ready to Rumble
Goldberg

2003
Looney Tunes: Back in Action
Mr. Smith

2005
The Longest Yard
Battle

The Kid & I
Goldberg

Santa's Slay
Santa Claus

2007
Half Past Dead 2
William Burke

2010
Kill Speed
Big Bad John

Minkow
Sax

Holly, Jingles and Clyde 3D
Gus

2016
Nine Legends
Himself

2017
American Satan
Hawk

text:
Television

Year

Title

Role

Notes

1998
The Love Boat: The Next Wave
Lou "The Pariah" Maguire
Episode: "Captain Courageous"

1999
Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends
Himself
Episode: "Wrestling"

1999
E! True Hollywood Story
Himself
Episode: "Hulk Hogan"

2000
The Man Show
Himself
Episode: "Holiday Show 2"[112]

2002
Yes, Dear
Big Guy
Episode: "Walk Like a Man"

2002
Family Guy
Angry bus passenger
Episode: "Family Guy Viewer Mail 1"

2002
Arliss
Himself
Episode: "In with the New"

2002
Kim Possible
Pain King
Episode: "Pain King vs. Cleopatra"

2003
Punk'd
Himself
Episode: "Beyonce and Lindsay Lohan"

2004
Monster Garage
Santa Claus
Episode: "Box-Truck Wrestling Ring"

2005
Modern Marvels

Episode: "Private Collections"

2005
Desperate Housewives
Inmate
Episode: "My Heart Belongs to Daddy"

2005
Biker Build-Off
Host
[113]

2005
Automaniac
Host
[114]

2005
The Contender

Episode: "Who's Playing The Game?"

2006
Pros vs. Joes

Episodes: "Can You PVJ Champ?" and "Can You Cover Jerry Rice?"

2007
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Cupid
Episode: "Loophole"

2007–2010
Bullrun
Host

2008
Hulk Hogan's Celebrity Championship Wrestling
Himself
Episode: "In-Ring Psychology"

2008
Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?
Himself / Contestant
Ep. 3.15[115]

2009–2011
Garage Mahal
Host
with Brian Corsetti[116][117]

2010
The Celebrity Apprentice
Himself / Contestant

2017
The Goldbergs
Nick Mellor
2 episodes

2018
The Grand Tour
Himself
Celebrity guest

2018
The Flash
Big Sir
2 episodes

text: Championships and accomplishments

text:
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Comeback of the Year (2016)[118]
Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (1998)[118]
Rookie of the Year (1998)[118]
Ranked No. 2 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1998[119]
Ranked No. 75 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003[120]
World Championship Wrestling
WCW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[121]
WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (2 times)[122][123]
WCW World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Bret Hart[40]
Fifth Triple Crown Champion1 – with Bret Hart[40]
World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[124]
WWE Universal Championship (1 time)[125]
WWE Hall of Fame (2018)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Rookie of the Year (1998)[126]

tag: ul

text: 1 ^  Goldberg and Hart both became Triple Crown Champions upon winning the WCW World Tag Team Championship.


document_title: List of average human height worldwide

question_text: what is the average height of american male and female

text: List of average human height worldwide

text: Below are average adult human heights by country or geographical region. The original studies and sources should be consulted for details on methodology and the exact populations measured, surveyed, or considered.

text: As with any statistical data, the accuracy of such data may be questionable for various reasons:

text:
Some studies may allow subjects to self-report values. Generally speaking, self-reported height tends to be taller than its measured height, although the overestimation of height depends on the reporting subject's height, age, gender and region.[1][2][3][4]
Test subjects may have been invited instead of chosen at random, resulting in sampling bias.
Some countries may have significant height gaps between different regions. For instance, one survey shows there is 10.8 cm (4 1⁄2 in) gap between the tallest state and the shortest state in Germany.[5] Under such circumstances, the mean height may not represent the total population unless sample subjects are appropriately taken from all regions with using weighted average of the different regional groups.
Different social groups can show different mean height. According to a study in France, executives and professionals are 2.6 cm (1 in) taller, and university students are 2.55 cm (1 in) taller[6] than the national average.[7] As this case shows, data taken from a particular social group may not represent a total population in some countries.
A relatively small sample of the population may have been measured, which makes it uncertain whether this sample accurately represents the entire population.
The height of persons can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a height decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or a height increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). For example, one study revealed a mean decrease of 1.54 centimetres (0.61 in) in the heights of 100 children from getting out of bed in the morning to between 4 and 5 p.m. that same day.[8] Such factors may not have been controlled in some of the studies.

text: Note: Letters in grey indicate non-measured height.

text:
Country/Region
Average male height
Average female height
Stature ratio
(male to female)
Sample population /
age range
Share of
pop. over 18
covered[9][10][11]
Methodology
Year
Source

Albania
174.0 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.8 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–29 (N= m:649 f:1,806)
23.5%
Measured
2008–2009
[12][13]

Argentina
N/A
159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
19–49
60.4%
Measured
2004–2005
[14]

Argentina
174.46 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.01 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
Healthy, 18 (N= m:90 f:97, SD= m:7.43 cm (3 in) f:6.99 cm (3 in))
2.9%
Measured
1998–2001
[15]

Armenia
N/A
158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,218, SD= f:5.7 cm (2 in))
48.6%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Australia
175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.8 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.09
18+
100.0%
Measured
2011–2012
[17]

Australia
177.8 cm (5 ft 10 in)
163.8 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.09
18–24
12.4%
Measured
2011–2012
[17]

Austria
179 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–49
54.3%
Measured
2006
[18]

Austria
180 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–24
7.7%
Measured
2006
[18]

Austria
178.80 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
N/A
1.07
30–34
7.8%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Austria
179.2 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.07
21 (N= m:53 f:69, SD= m:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.6 cm (2 in))
1.5%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Azerbaijan
171.8 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
165.4 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.04
16+
106.5%
Measured
2005
[21]

Bahrain
165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in)
154.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
1.07
19+ (N= m:1,120 f:1,181, SD= m:9.0 cm (3 1⁄2 in) f:7.8 cm (3 in))
97.7%
Measured
2002
[22]

Bahrain
171.0 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
156.6 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.09
18
1.9%
Measured
2009
[23][24]

Bangladesh
N/A
150.6 cm (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:7,368, SD= f:5.5 cm (2 in))
56.2%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Belgium
178.70 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
8.1%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Belgium
178.6 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.06
21 (N= m:20–49 f:20–49, SD= m:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.3 cm (2 in))
1.7%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Benin
N/A
159.3 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:11,015, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.5%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Bolivia
N/A
151.8 cm (5 ft 0 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:10,302, SD= f:5.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.6%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Bolivia
160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in)
142.2 cm (4 ft 8 in)
1.13
Aymara, 20–29
N/A
Measured
1970
[25]

Bosnia and Herzegovina
183.9 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in)
171.1 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
1.07
Students at UBL,19–32 (N= m:178 f:34, SD= m:7.11 cm (3 in) f:6.56 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
0.4%[26]
Measured
2014
[27]

Brazil
170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.8 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
18+ (N= m:62,037 f:65,696)
100.0%
Measured
2009
[28][29]

Brazil
173.0 cm (5 ft 8 in)
161.1 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24 (N= m:8,299 f:7,938)
13.0%
Measured
2009
[28]

Brazil – Urban
173.5 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.6 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24 (N= m:6,360 f:6,305)
10.9%
Measured
2009
[28]

Brazil – Rural
170.9 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24 (N= m:1,939 f:1,633)
2.1%
Measured
2009
[28]

Bulgaria
175.2 cm (5 ft 9 in)
163.2 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.07
N/A
N/A
N/A
2010
[30]

Bulgaria – Sofia
178.1 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
N/A
N/A
N/A
2010
[30]

Burkina Faso
N/A
161.6 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:7,337, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.5%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Cambodia
N/A
152.4 cm (5 ft 0 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:5,081, SD= f:5.4 cm (2 in))
52.2%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Cameroon – Urban
170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in)
161.3 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.06
15+ (N= m:3,746 f:5,078)
53.6%
Measured
2003
[31]

Cameroon – Urban
172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in)
162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.06
35-44 (N= m:558 f:1,156)
8.7%
Measured
2003
[31]

Canada
175.1 cm (5 ft 9 in)
162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.08
18–79
94.7%
Measured
2007–2009
[32]

Canada
176.0 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
163.3 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.08
25–44
36.5%
Measured
2005
[3]

Central African Republic
N/A
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,408, SD= f:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
50.0%
Self-reported
1994
[16]

Chad
N/A
162.6 cm (5 ft 4 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,393, SD= f:6.4 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
51.9%
Self-reported
2004
[16]

Chile
169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in)
156.1 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.09
15+
107.2%
Measured
2009–2010
[33]

Chile
171.2 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
157.2 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.09
25–44
41.2%
Measured
2009–2010
[33]

Chile
171 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
159.1 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
15–24
23.7%
Measured
2009–2010
[33]

China, People's Republic of
167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in)
155.8 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.07
18+
100.0%
Measured
2012
[34]

China, Mainland
172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in)
160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.07
19
2.1%
Measured
2010
[35]

China, People's Republic of – Urban
170.2 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.6 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
17
0.6%
Measured
2002
[36]

China, People's Republic of – Rural
166.3 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
157.0 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.06
17
1.6%
Measured
2002
[36]

China, People's Republic of – Beijing
174.7 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.3 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
21
0.2%[37]
Measured
2010
[38]

China, People's Republic of – Sichuan
169.2 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
158.2 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24
0.7%[39]
Measured
2010
[40]

Colombia
170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.7 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
18–22 (N= m:1,528,875 f:1,468,110)
14.1%
Measured
2002
[41]

Colombia
N/A
155.0 cm (5 ft 1 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:22,947, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.8%
Self-reported
2004
[16]

Comoros
N/A
154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:644, SD= f:5.8 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
49.8%
Self-reported
1996
[16]

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
N/A
157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,727, SD= f:8.0 cm (3 in))
52.7%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Congo, Republic of the
N/A
159.0 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:3,922, SD= f:8.1 cm (3 in))
55.7%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Croatia
180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in)
166.49 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.09
18 (N= m:358 f:360, SD= m:6.8 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.6%
Measured
2006–2008
[42]

Cuba – Urban
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
156 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.08
15+
79.2%
Measured
1999
[43]

Czech Republic
180.31 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167.22 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
17
1.6%
Measured
2001
[44]

Denmark
180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–20 (N= m:38,025)
5.3%
Measured
2012
[45]

Denmark
181.4 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30
1.5%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Denmark
182.6 cm (6 ft 0 in)
168.7 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
1.08
23 (N= m:–20 f:20–49, SD= m:NA f:7.4 cm (3 in))
1.6%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Dinaric Alps
185.6 cm (6 ft 1 in)
171.8 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
1.08
17
N/A
Measured
2005
[46]

Dominican Republic
172.7 cm (5 ft 8 in)
159 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,763, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.8%
Self-reported
2014
[47]

El Salvador
N/A
160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49
50.9%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Egypt
170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24 (N= m:845 f:1,059)
16.6%
Measured
2008
[48]

Egypt
N/A
159.5 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:13,813, SD= f:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.2%
Self-reported
2008
[16]

Estonia
179.1 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
17
2.3%
Measured
2003
[49]

Ethiopia
N/A
157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:3,868, SD= f:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.8%
Self-reported
1997
[16]

Europe
177.6 cm (5 ft 10 in)[50]
N/A
N/A
17–29[51]
N/A
Measured and Self-reported
2001–2012
[12]

Finland
178.9 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
25–34 (N= m/f:2,305)
19.0%
Measured
1994
[52]

Finland
180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
−25 (N= m/f:26,636)
9.2%
Measured
2010–2011
[52][53]

Finland
177.9 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
8.4%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

France
175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in)
162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.08
18–70 (N= m/f:11,562)
85.9%
Measured
2003–2004
[54][55]

France
174.1 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.9 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20+
96.6%
Measured
2001
[7]

France
177.0 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
20–29
17.5%
Measured
2001
[7]

France
176.2 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
8.3%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Gabon
N/A
158.4 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,576, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.1%
Self-reported
2000
[16]

Gambia – Rural
168.0 cm (5 ft 6 in)
157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.06
21–49 (N= m:9,559 f:13,160, SD= m:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.6 cm (2 in))
N/A
Measured
1950–1974
[56]

Germany
175.4 cm (5 ft 9 in)
162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.08
18–79 (N= m/f:19,768)
94.3%
Measured
2007
[5]

Germany
178.9 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
166.1 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18–37
29.2%
Measured
2007
[5]

Germany – Urban[57]
180.6 cm (5 ft 11 in)
168.5 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18–37
7.1%[58]
Measured
2007
[5]

Germany
180.17 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
7.2%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Germany
178 cm (5 ft 10 in)
165 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
18+ (N= m:25,112 f:25,560)
100.0%
Self-reported
2009
[59]

Germany
181 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
18–25 (N= m:2,501 f:2,227)
11.3%
Self-reported
2009
[59]

Ghana
N/A
159.3 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,958, SD= f:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.4%
Self-reported
2008
[16]

Ghana
169.5 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
158.5 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
25–29
14.7%
Measured
1987–1989
[60]

Greece
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
165 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.07
18–49
56.3%
Measured
2003
[18]

Greece
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24
8.5%
Measured
2003
[18]

Greece
178.06 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–26 (N= m:3,982, SD= m:7.05 cm (3 in))
13.7%
Measured
2006–2007
[61]

Greece
177.29 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
9.5%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Greece
178.3 cm (5 ft 10 in)
166.6 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.07
21 (N= m:20–49 f:20–49, SD= m:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.3 cm (2 in))
1.8%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Guatemala
N/A
147.3 cm (4 ft 10 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,773, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.3%
Self-reported
1998
[16]

Guinea
N/A
158.8 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,563, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.9%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Haiti
N/A
158.6 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,932, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.8%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Honduras
N/A
152.0 cm (5 ft 0 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:11,219, SD= f:6.4 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.3%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Hong Kong
171.7 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
158.7 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18 (N= m:468 f:453, SD= m:5.5 cm (2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in))
1.4%
Measured
2006
[62]

Hong Kong
173.4 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.08
University students, 19–20 (N= m:291 f:200, SD= m:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.2 cm (2 in))
0.6%[63]
Measured
2005
[64]

Hungary
176 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.07
Adults
N/A
Measured
2000s
[65]

Hungary
177.3 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
18 (N= m:1,080, SD= m:5.99 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.7%
Measured
2005
[66]

India
164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in)
151.9 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.08
20–49 (N= m:69,245 f:118,796)
69.8%
Measured
2005–2006
[67]

Iceland
181 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
20–49
43.6%
Self-reported
2007
[18]

India – Rural
161.2 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
152.1 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.06
17+ (SD= m:7.0 cm (3 in) f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
72.1%
Measured
2007
[68]

India
166.3 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
152.6 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.09
20
3.0%
Predicted
2005–2006
[68]

Indonesia
158 cm (5 ft 2 in)
147 cm (4 ft 10 in)
1.07
50+ (N= m:2,041 f:2,396, Median= m:158 cm (5 ft 2 in) f:147 cm (4 ft 10 in))
22.5%
Self-reported
1997
[69]

Iran
170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in)
157.2 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
21+ (N= m/f:89,532, SD= m:8.05 cm (3 in) f:7.22 cm (3 in))
88.1%
Measured
2005
[70]

Iran
173.4 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.09
21–25
17.9%
Measured
2005
[70]

Iraq – Baghdad
165.4 cm (5 ft 5 in)
155.8 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.06
18–44 (N= m:700 f:800, SD= m:5.6 cm (2 in) f:16.0 cm (6 1⁄2 in))
76.3%
Measured
1999–2000
[71]

Ireland
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
163 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.09
20–49
61.8%
Measured
2007
[18]

Ireland
179 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
163 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.10
20–24
10.4%
Measured
2007
[18]

Ireland
176.60 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30
1.7%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Ireland
177.5 cm (5 ft 10 in)
163.5 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.09
21 (N= m:54 f:20–49, SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:7.6 cm (3 in))
2.4%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Israel
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.07
18–21
9.7%
Measured
2010
[72]

Italy
176.5 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.09
18
1.4%
Measured
1999–2004
[12][24][73]

Italy
174.48 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30
1.6%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Italy
177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
167.8 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.06
21 (N= m:106 f:92, SD= m:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.4%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Ivory Coast
170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in)
159.1 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
25–29 (SD= m:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.67 cm (2 in))
14.6%
Measured
1985–1987
[60]

Ivory Coast
N/A
159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,600, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.4%
Self-reported
1998
[16]

Jamaica
171.8 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
160.8 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.07
25–74
71.4%
Measured
1994–1996
[74]

Japan
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
158 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
20–49
47.2%
Measured
2005
[18]

Japan
172.0 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
158.70 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–24 (N= m:1,708 f:1,559, SD= m:5.42 cm (2 in) f:5.30 cm (2 in))
7.2%
Measured
2004
[75]

Japan
170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.0 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
17
1.2%
Measured
2013
[76]

Jordan
N/A
158.2 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,484, SD= f:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.6%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Kazakhstan
N/A
159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,600, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.7%
Self-reported
1999
[16]

Kenya
170.0 cm (5 ft 7 in)
N/A
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,600, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.7%
Summary
2016
[77]

Kenya
N/A
158.2 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,856, SD= f:7.3 cm (3 in))
52.5%
Survey
2016
[16][77]

Korea, NorthNorth Korea
165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
154.9 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.07
Defectors, 20–39 (N= m/f:1,075)
46.4%
Measured
2005
[78]

Korea, SouthSouth Korea
170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in)
157.4 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
20+ (N= m:2,750 f:2,445, Median= m:170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) f:157.4 cm (5 ft 2 in), SD= m:6.40 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.99 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
96.5%
Measured
2010
[79]

Korea, SouthSouth Korea
173.5 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.08
20–24 (N= m:378 f:298, Median= m:174.0 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in) f:160.5 cm (5 ft 3 in), SD= m:5.16 cm (2 in) f:5.26 cm (2 in))
8.0%
Measured
2010
[79]

Korea, SouthSouth Korea
173.5 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–19 (N= m:363,827)
3.8%
Measured
2014
[80]

Korea, SouthSouth Korea – Seoul
173.9 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–19 (N= m:65,876)
0.8%
Measured
2014
[80]

Kyrgyzstan
N/A
158.0 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,424, SD= f:5.8 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.4%
Self-reported
1997
[16]

Lesotho
N/A
157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,879, SD= f:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
49.8%
Self-reported
2004
[16]

Liberia
N/A
157.3 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,281, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.8%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Lithuania
177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:197 SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
14.7%
Measured
2005[81]
[82]

Lithuania – Urban
178.4 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:91 SD= m:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
9.9%
Measured
2005[81]
[82]

Lithuania – Rural
176.2 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:106 SD= m:5.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
4.9%
Measured
2005[81]
[82]

Lithuania
181.3 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
18
2.1%
Measured
2001
[83]

Madagascar
N/A
154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:5,024, SD= f:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.6%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Malawi – Urban
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
155 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.07
16–60 (N= m:583 f:315, SD= m:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:9.4 cm (3 1⁄2 in))
101.1%
Measured
2000
[84]

Malaysia
166.3 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.07
Malay, 20–24 (N= m:749 f:893, Median= m:166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in) f:155 cm (5 ft 1 in), SD= m:6.46 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.04 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
9.7%[85]
Measured
1996
[86]

Malaysia
168.5 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.07
Chinese, 20–24 (N= m:407 f:453, Median= m:169 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in) f:158 cm (5 ft 2 in), SD= m:6.98 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.72 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
4.1%[85]
Measured
1996
[86]

Malaysia
169.1 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
155.4 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.09
Indian, 20–24 (N= m:113 f:140, Median= m:168 cm (5 ft 6 in) f:156 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in), SD= m:5.84 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.18 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.2%[85]
Measured
1996
[86]

Malaysia
163.3 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
151.9 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.08
Other indigenous, 20–24 (N= m:257 f:380, Median= m:163 cm (5 ft 4 in) f:152 cm (5 ft 0 in), SD= m:6.26 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.95 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
0.4%[85]
Measured
1996
[86]

Mali – Southern Mali
171.3 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.07
Rural adults (N= m:121 f:320, SD= m:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in))
N/A
Measured
1992
[87]

Malta
169.9 cm (5 ft 7 in)
159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.06
18+
100.0%
Self-reported
2003
[88]

Malta
175.2 cm (5 ft 9 in)
163.8 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.07
25–34
17.5%
Self-reported
2003
[88]

Mexico
167 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
154 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–49
69.4%
Measured
2006
[18]

Mexico
169 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
155 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.08
20–24
14.5%
Measured
2006
[18]

Mexico
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Middle & upper classes, young adults
N/A
Measured
N/A
[89]

Mexico – Bajío
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Adults
N/A
Measured
N/A
[90]

Mexico – Central
N/A
162 cm (5 ft 4 in)
N/A
26–39
N/A
Measured
N/A
[90]

Mexico – Morelos
167 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
155 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.08
18–76
1.6%[91]
Self-reported
1998–1999
[92]

Moldova
N/A
161.2 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,757, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
45.9%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Mongolia
168.4 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.07
25–34 (N= m:158 f:181)
27.6%
Measured
2006
[93]

Montenegro
183.2 cm (6 ft 0 in)
168.4 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
1.09
Students at UCG,18–37 (N= m:178 f:107, SD= m:7.06 cm (3 in) f:5.27 cm (2 in))
3.2%[94]
Measured
2011
[24]

Morocco
N/A
158.5 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:10,334, SD= f:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.7%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Mozambique
N/A
156 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:6,912, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.0%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Namibia
N/A
160.7 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:5,575, SD= f:7.1 cm (3 in))
50.4%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Nepal
163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in)
150.8 cm (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:6,280, SD= f:5.5 cm (2 in))
52.9%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Netherlands
181 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
169 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
1.07
Caucasians,16–18[95] (N= m:37 f:52, SD= m:6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5 cm (2 in))
3.7%[96]
Measured
2003
[97]

Netherlands
182.70 cm (6 ft 0 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
7.8%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Netherlands
180.8 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
20+
96.8%
Self-reported
2010
[9][29][98]

Netherlands
183.2 cm (6 ft 0 in)
169.9 cm (5 ft 7 in)
1.08
20–30
16.9%
Self-reported
2010
[98]

Netherlands
183.8 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in)
170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in)
1.08
21 (N= m:74 f:50, SD= m:7.1 cm (3 in) f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.5%
Self-reported
2009
[99]

New Zealand
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–49
56.9%
Measured
2007
[18]

New Zealand
178 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.09
20–24
9.1%
Measured
2007
[18]

Nicaragua
N/A
153.7 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49
54.1%
Self-reported
2001
[16]

Nigeria
163.8 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.04
18–74
98.6%
Measured
1994–1996
[74]

Nigeria
167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in)
160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.04
20–29 (N= m:139 f:76, SD= m:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in))
33.2%
Measured
2011
[100]

Norway
180.0 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:18,297)
36.0%
Measured
2011
[101]

Norway – Vest-Agder
181.7 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:770)
1.33%
Measured
2011
[101]

Norway – Oslo
179.8 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:1,297)
4.78%
Measured
2011
[101]

Norway – Finnmark
177.5 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:218)
0.54%
Measured
2011
[101]

Norway
179.63 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
8.5%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Norway
180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–85 (N= m:1534 f:1743)
93.6%
Self-reported
2008–2009
[9][29][102]

Norway
182.4 cm (6 ft 0 in)
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.09
20–25 (SD= m:5.3 cm (2 in) f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
9.5%
Self-reported
2008–2009
[102]

Norway
181.6 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
26–35 (SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
17.0%
Self-reported
2008–2009
[102]

Peru
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
151 cm (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
1.09
20+
93.8%
Measured
2005
[103]

Philippines
165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
N/A
N/A
18+
-
Measured
1980
[104]

Poland
178.7 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
18 (N= m:846 f:1,126)
1.6%
Measured
2010
[105]

Portugal
173.9 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
18 (N= m:696)
1.5%
Measured
2008
[12][106]

Portugal
172.30 cm (5 ft 8 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
9.7%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Portugal
171 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
161 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.06
20–50
56.7%
Self-reported
2001
[18]

Portugal
173.7 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
163.7 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.06
21 (N= m:87 f:106, SD= m:8.2 cm (3 in) f:5.3 cm (2 in))
1.9%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Qatar
170.8 cm (5 ft 7 in)
161.1 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.06
18
1.9%
Measured
2005
[24][107]

Rwanda
N/A
157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:3,202, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.2%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Romania
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
157 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.10
N/A
N/A
Measured
2007
[108]

Russia
177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164.1 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.08
24
1.9%
Measured
2004
[24][109]

Samoa
N/A
166.6 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
N/A
18–28 (N= f:55 SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
32.6%
Measured
2004
[110]

Saudi Arabia
168.9 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
156.3 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18
3.0%
Measured
2010
[24][111]

Senegal
N/A
163 cm (5 ft 4 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,533, SD= f:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.4%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Serbia
182.0 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
166.8 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.09
Students at UNS,18–30 (N= m:318 f:76, SD= m:6.74 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.88 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
0.7%[112]
Measured
2012
[113]

Singapore
171 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
160 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.07
Chinese students at TP,16–18[114] (N= m:52 f:49, SD= m:6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5 cm (2 in))
0.3%[115][116]
Measured
2003
[97]

Slovakia
179.4 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
18
2.0%
Measured
2004
[117]

Slovenia – Ljubljana
180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
19
0.2%[118]
Measured
2011
[119]

South Africa
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
159 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.06
19 (N= m:121 f:118)
3.6%
Measured
2003
[120]

Sri Lanka
163.6 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
151.4 cm (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18+ (N= m:1,768 f:2,709, SD= m:6.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.4 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
100.0%
Measured
2005–2006
[121]

Sri Lanka
165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
154.0 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18–29 (N= m:312 f:427, SD= m:7.1 cm (3 in) f:5.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
30.7%
Measured
2005–2006
[121]

Spain
173.1 cm (5 ft 8 in)
N/A
N/A
18–70 (N= m:1,298 [122][123] )
88.2%
Measured
2013–2014
[124][125]

Spain
N/A
159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
18–70 (N= f:8,217 [126][127] )
83.5%
Measured
2007–2008
[29][123][124][127]

Spain
175.3 cm (5 ft 9 in)
N/A
N/A
18–34 (N= m:554-1,061 [123][128] )
26.8%
Measured
2013–2014
[124][125][129][130]

Spain
N/A
162.6 cm (5 ft 4 in)
N/A
18–19 (N= f:656 [127][131] )
2.4%
Measured
2007–2008
[123][124][127]

Spain
175.5 cm (5 ft 9 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
11.1%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Spain
174 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
163 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.07
20–49
57.0%
Self-reported
2007
[18]

Spain
176 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.06
20–24
7.5%
Self-reported
2007
[18]

Spain
178 cm (5 ft 10 in)
166.2 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.07
21 (N= m:111 f:94, SD= m:6.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.8%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Swaziland
N/A
159.1 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,612, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
51.0%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Sweden
181.5 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
166.8 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.09
20–29
15.6%
Measured
2008
[132]

Sweden
180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
30
8.0%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Sweden
177.9 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
20–74
86.3%
Self-reported
1987–1994
[133]

Switzerland
178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 19 (N= m:12,447, Median= m:178.0 cm (5 ft 10 in), SD= m:6.52 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.5%
Measured
2009
[134]

Switzerland
175.4 cm (5 ft 9 in)
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–74
88.8%
Self-reported
1987–1994
[133]

Taiwan
171.4 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.07
17 (N= m:200 f:200)
1.7%
Measured
2011
[135][136][137]

Tanzania
N/A
156.6 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:6,033, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.8%
Self-reported
2004
[16]

Thailand
170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in)
159 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
STOU students, 15–19 (N= m:839 f:1,636, SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
0.2%[138]
Self-reported
2005
[139]

Togo
N/A
159.0 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,728, SD= f:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.4%
Self-reported
1998
[16]

Tonga
176.1 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.07
40 (N= m:241 f:299)
1.5%
Measured
2001
[140]

Turkey
173.6 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.9 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20-22 (N= m:322 f:247)
8.3%
Measured
2007
[12][24][141]

Turkey – Ankara
174.1 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.10
18–59 (N= m:703 f:512, Median= m:169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) f:157.5 cm (5 ft 2 in), SD= m:6.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.4 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
5.1%[142]
Measured
2004–2006
[143]

Turkey – Ankara
176.1 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
162 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.09
18–29 (N= m:390 f:163, Median= m:173.9 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in) f:164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in), SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:7.0 cm (3 in))
2.0%[142]
Measured
2004–2006
[143]

Turkey
N/A
156.4 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,393, SD= f:5.6 cm (2 in))
54.5%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Uganda
N/A
159.2 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,666, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.4%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

United Arab Emirates
173.4 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
156.4 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.11
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
[144]

United Kingdom – England
175.3 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.9 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
16+ (N= m:3,154 f:3,956)
103.2%[145]
Measured
2012
[4]

United Kingdom – England
177.8 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
25–34 (N= m:415 f:611)
17.2%[145]
Measured
2012
[4]

United Kingdom – Scotland
175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.3 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
16+ (N= m:2,512 f:3,180, Median= m:174.8 cm (5 ft 9 in) f:161.2 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in))
103.0%[145]
Measured
2008
[146]

United Kingdom – Scotland
178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
163.5 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.09
25–34 (N= m:286 f:413, Median= m:178.0 cm (5 ft 10 in) f:163.9 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in))
15.7%[145]
Measured
2008
[146]

United Kingdom – Wales
177.0 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.09
16+
103.2%[145]
Self-reported
2009
[147]

United States
175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.8 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.09
All Americans, 20+ (N= m:5,232 f:5,547, Median= m:175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) f:161.9 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in))
69%
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States
176.4 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
162.9 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.08
All Americans, 20–29 (N= m:937 f:928, Median= m:176.2 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in) f:162.9 cm (5 ft 4 in))
13.9%
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – African Americans
177.4 cm (5 ft 10 in)
163.6 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.08
African Americans, 20–39 (N= m:405 f:418, Median= m:177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in) f:163.7 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in))
3.4%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – Hispanic and Latino Americans
172.4 cm (5 ft 8 in)
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.08
Hispanic/Latino Americans, 20–39 (N= m:385 f:428, Median= m:172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) f:159.1 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in))
4.4%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – Mexican Americans
172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in)
158.4 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.09
Mexican Americans, 20–39 (N= m:233 f:247, Median= m:172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) f:158.7 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in))
2.8%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – Asian Americans
172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in)
158.4 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.09
Non-Hispanic Asians, 20–39 (N= m:260 f:272, Median= m:172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) f:158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in))
1.3%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – Non-Hispanic whites
178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
Non-Hispanic White Americans, 20–39 (N= m:715 f:689, Median= m:178.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) f:164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in))
17.1%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

Uruguay
170 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
Adults (N= m:2,249 f:2,114)
N/A
Measured
1990
[150]

Uzbekistan
N/A
159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,635, SD= f:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.6%
Self-reported
1996
[16]

Vietnam
162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in)
152.2 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.07
25–29 (SD= m:5.39 cm (2 in) f:5.39 cm (2 in))
15.9%
Measured
1992–1993
[60]

Vietnam
165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in)
155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.07
Students, 20–25 (N= m:1,000 f:1,000, SD= m:6.55 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.32 cm (2 in))
2.0%[151]
Measured
2006–2007
[152]

Zambia
N/A
158.5 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,091, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.2%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Zimbabwe
N/A
160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,746, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
47.3%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

text: Notes

text: Jump up ^ In this case, data that are representative of the majority of the country or region's adult population are those that factor in over 50% of the country or region's population aged 18 or over.

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