document_title: List of Scandal episodes

question_text: how many episodes in series 7 of scandle

text: List of Scandal episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

1
7
April 5, 2012 (2012-04-05)
May 17, 2012 (2012-05-17)
62
8.21[2]

2
22
September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27)
May 16, 2013 (2013-05-16)
47
8.46[3]

3
18
October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03)
April 17, 2014 (2014-04-17)
13
12.00[4]

4
22
September 25, 2014 (2014-09-25)
May 14, 2015 (2015-05-14)
8
12.66[5]

5
21
September 24, 2015 (2015-09-24)
May 12, 2016 (2016-05-12)
16
10.68[6]

6
16
January 26, 2017 (2017-01-26)
May 18, 2017 (2017-05-18)
30
8.16[7]

7
18
October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05)
April 19, 2018 (2018-04-19)
TBA
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2012)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Sweet Baby"
Paul McGuigan
Shonda Rhimes
April 5, 2012 (2012-04-05)
101
7.33[8]

2
2
"Dirty Little Secrets"
Roxann Dawson
Heather Mitchell
April 12, 2012 (2012-04-12)
102
7.28[9]

3
3
"Hell Hath No Fury"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Matt Byrne
April 19, 2012 (2012-04-19)
103
7.21[10]

4
4
"Enemy of the State"
Michael Katleman
Richard E. Robbins
April 26, 2012 (2012-04-26)
104
6.86[11]

5
5
"Crash and Burn"
Steve Robin
Mark Wilding
May 3, 2012 (2012-05-03)
105
6.69[12]

6
6
"The Trail"
Tom Verica
Jenna Bans
May 10, 2012 (2012-05-10)
106
6.43[13]

7
7
"Grant: For the People"
Roxann Dawson
Shonda Rhimes
May 17, 2012 (2012-05-17)
107
7.33[14]

text: Season 2 (2012–13)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

8
1
"White Hat's Off"
Tom Verica
Jenna Bans
September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27)
201
6.74[15]

9
2
"The Other Woman"
Stephen Cragg
Heather Mitchell
October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)
202
6.56[16]

10
3
"Hunting Season"
Ron Underwood
Matt Byrne
October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)
203
6.17[17]

11
4
"Beltway Unbuckled"
Mark Tinker
Mark Fish
October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)
204
6.11[18]

12
5
"All Roads Lead to Fitz"
Steve Robin
Raamla Mohamed
November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)
205
6.06[19]

13
6
"Spies Like Us"
Bethany Rooney
Chris Van Dusen
November 15, 2012 (2012-11-15)
206
6.02[20]

14
7
"Defiance"
Tom Verica
Peter Noah
November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)
207
6.64[21]

15
8
"Happy Birthday, Mr. President"
Oliver Bokelberg
Shonda Rhimes
December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)
208
7.39[22]

16
9
"Blown Away"
Jessica Yu
Mark Wilding
December 13, 2012 (2012-12-13)
209
7.14[23]

17
10
"One for the Dog"
Steve Robin
Heather Mitchell
January 10, 2013 (2013-01-10)
210
8.37[24]

18
11
"A Criminal, a Whore, an Idiot and a Liar"
Stephen Cragg
Mark Fish
January 17, 2013 (2013-01-17)
211
7.93[25]

19
12
"Truth or Consequences"
Jeannot Szwarc
Peter Noah
January 31, 2013 (2013-01-31)
212
8.09[26]

20
13
"Nobody Likes Babies"
Tom Verica
Mark Wilding
February 7, 2013 (2013-02-07)
213
8.14[27]

21
14
"Whiskey Tango Foxtrot"
Mark Tinker
Matt Byrne
February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14)
214
8.02[28]

22
15
"Boom Goes the Dynamite"
Randy Zisk
Jenna Bans
February 21, 2013 (2013-02-21)
215
7.68[29]

23
16
"Top of the Hour"
Steve Robin
Heather Mitchell
March 21, 2013 (2013-03-21)
216
8.51[30]

24
17
"Snake in the Garden"
Ron Underwood
Raamla Mohamed
March 28, 2013 (2013-03-28)
217
7.97[31]

25
18
"Molly, You in Danger, Girl"
Tom Verica
Chris Van Dusen
April 4, 2013 (2013-04-04)
218
8.04[32]

26
19
"Seven Fifty-Two"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Mark Fish
April 25, 2013 (2013-04-25)
219
7.90[33]

27
20
"A Woman Scorned"
Tony Goldwyn
Zahir McGhee
May 2, 2013 (2013-05-02)
220
8.07[34]

28
21
"Any Questions?"
Mark Tinker
Matt Byrne
May 9, 2013 (2013-05-09)
221
8.87[35]

29
22
"White Hat's Back On"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes
May 16, 2013 (2013-05-16)
222
9.12[36]

text: Season 3 (2013–14)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

30
1
"It's Handled"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes
October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03)
301
10.52[37]

31
2
"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Heather Mitchell
October 10, 2013 (2013-10-10)
302
9.01[38]

32
3
"Mrs. Smith Goes to Washington"
Jeannot Szwarc
Matt Byrne
October 17, 2013 (2013-10-17)
303
9.51[39]

33
4
"Say Hello to My Little Friend"
Oliver Bokelberg
Mark Fish
October 24, 2013 (2013-10-24)
304
8.62[40]

34
5
"More Cattle, Less Bull"
Randy Zisk
Jenna Bans
October 31, 2013 (2013-10-31)
305
9.18[41]

35
6
"Icarus"
Julie Anne Robinson
Peter Noah
November 7, 2013 (2013-11-07)
306
8.66[42]

36
7
"Everything's Coming Up Mellie"
Michael Katleman
Peter Nowalk
November 14, 2013 (2013-11-14)
307
9.04[43]

37
8
"Vermont is for Lovers, Too"
Ava DuVernay
Mark Wilding
November 21, 2013 (2013-11-21)
308
8.93[44]

38
9
"YOLO"
Oliver Bokelberg
Chris Van Dusen
December 5, 2013 (2013-12-05)
309
8.27[45]

39
10
"A Door Marked Exit"
Tom Verica
Zahir McGhee
December 12, 2013 (2013-12-12)
310
9.22[46]

40
11
"Ride, Sally, Ride"
Tom Verica
Raamla Mohamed
February 27, 2014 (2014-02-27)
311
9.32[47]

41
12
"We Do Not Touch the First Ladies"
Oliver Bokelberg
Heather Mitchell
March 6, 2014 (2014-03-06)
312
8.53[48]

42
13
"No Sun on the Horizon"
Randy Zisk
Matt Byrne
March 13, 2014 (2014-03-13)
313
8.22[49]

43
14
"Kiss Kiss Bang Bang"
Paul McCrane
Mark Fish
March 20, 2014 (2014-03-20)
314
9.08[50]

44
15
"Mama Said Knock You Out"
Tony Goldwyn
Zahir McGhee
March 27, 2014 (2014-03-27)
315
9.01[51]

45
16
"The Fluffer"
Jeannot Szwarc
Chris Van Dusen & Raamla Mohamed
April 3, 2014 (2014-04-03)
316
9.13[52]

46
17
"Flesh and Blood"
Debbie Allen
Severiano Canales & Miguel Nolla
April 10, 2014 (2014-04-10)
317
9.23[53]

47
18
"The Price of Free and Fair Elections"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes & Mark Wilding
April 17, 2014 (2014-04-17)
318
10.57[54]

text: Season 4 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

48
1
"Randy, Red, Superfreak and Julia"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes
September 25, 2014 (2014-09-25)
401
11.96[55]

49
2
"The State of the Union"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Heather Mitchell
October 2, 2014 (2014-10-02)
402
10.34[56]

50
3
"Inside the Bubble"
Randy Zisk
Matt Byrne
October 9, 2014 (2014-10-09)
403
9.52[57]

51
4
"Like Father, Like Daughter"
Paul McCrane
Mark Fish
October 16, 2014 (2014-10-16)
404A
9.90[58]

52
5
"The Key"
Paul McCrane
Chris Van Dusen
October 23, 2014 (2014-10-23)
404B
9.98[59]

53
6
"An Innocent Man"
Jeannot Szwarc
Zahir McGhee
October 30, 2014 (2014-10-30)
405
9.32[60]

54
7
"Baby Made a Mess"
Oliver Bokelberg
Jenna Bans
November 6, 2014 (2014-11-06)
406
9.82[61]

55
8
"The Last Supper"
Julie Anne Robinson
Allan Heinberg
November 13, 2014 (2014-11-13)
407
10.05[62]

56
9
"Where the Sun Don't Shine"
Tony Goldwyn
Mark Wilding
November 20, 2014 (2014-11-20)
408
10.14[63]

57
10
"Run"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes
January 29, 2015 (2015-01-29)
409
10.48[64]

58
11
"Where's the Black Lady?"
Debbie Allen
Raamla Mohamed
February 5, 2015 (2015-02-05)
410
9.58[65]

59
12
"Gladiators Don't Run"
Randy Zisk
Paul Willam Davies
February 12, 2015 (2015-02-12)
411A
9.32[66]

60
13
"No More Blood"
Randy Zisk
Heather Mitchell
February 19, 2015 (2015-02-19)
411B
9.62[67]

61
14
"The Lawn Chair"
Tom Verica
Zahir McGhee
March 5, 2015 (2015-03-05)
412
9.57[68]

62
15
"The Testimony of Diego Muñoz"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Mark Fish
March 12, 2015 (2015-03-12)
413
8.24[69]

63
16
"It's Good to Be Kink"
Paul McCrane
Matt Byrne
March 19, 2015 (2015-03-19)
414
7.79[70]

64
17
"Put a Ring on It"
Regina King
Chris Van Dusen
March 26, 2015 (2015-03-26)
415
8.06[71]

65
18
"Honor Thy Father"
Jeannot Szwarc
Severiano Canales
April 2, 2015 (2015-04-02)
416
7.27[72]

66
19
"I'm Just a Bill"
Debbie Allen
Raamla Mohamed
April 16, 2015 (2015-04-16)
417
7.86[73]

67
20
"First Lady Sings the Blues"
David Rodriguez
Paul William Davies
April 23, 2015 (2015-04-23)
418
7.79[74]

68
21
"A Few Good Women"
Oliver Bokelberg
Severiano Canales & Jess Brownell
May 7, 2015 (2015-05-07)
419
7.44[75]

69
22
"You Can't Take Command"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes & Mark Wilding
May 14, 2015 (2015-05-14)
420
8.08[76]

text: Season 5 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

70
1
"Heavy Is the Head"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes
September 24, 2015 (2015-09-24)
501
10.25[77]

71
2
"Yes"
Tony Goldwyn
Heather Mitchell
October 1, 2015 (2015-10-01)
502
9.12[78]

72
3
"Paris is Burning"
Jann Turner
Matt Byrne
October 8, 2015 (2015-10-08)
503
8.76[79]

73
4
"Dog-Whistle Politics"
Zetna Fuentes
Mark Fish
October 15, 2015 (2015-10-15)
504
8.06[80]

74
5
"You Got Served"
Kevin Bray
Zahir McGhee
October 22, 2015 (2015-10-22)
505
8.28[81]

75
6
"Get Out of Jail, Free"
Chandra Wilson
Chris Van Dusen
October 29, 2015 (2015-10-29)
506
7.80[82]

76
7
"Even the Devil Deserves a Second Chance"
Oliver Bokelberg
Raamla Mohamed
November 5, 2015 (2015-11-05)
507
8.03[83]

77
8
"Rasputin"
John Terlesky
Paul William Davies
November 12, 2015 (2015-11-12)
508
7.70[84]

78
9
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Tom Verica
Mark Wilding
November 19, 2015 (2015-11-19)
509
8.13[85]

79
10
"It's Hard Out Here for a General"
Tom Verica
Severiano Canales
February 11, 2016 (2016-02-11)
510
6.96[86]

80
11
"The Candidate"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Alison Schapker
February 18, 2016 (2016-02-18)
511A
6.09[87]

81
12
"Wild Card"
Allison Liddi-Brown &
Tom Verica
Mark Fish
February 25, 2016 (2016-02-25)
511B
5.85[88]

82
13
"The Fish Rots from the Head"
Sharat Raju
Heather Mitchell
March 10, 2016 (2016-03-10)
512
5.97[89]

83
14
"I See You"
Paris Barclay
Matt Byrne
March 17, 2016 (2016-03-17)
513
6.31[90]

84
15
"Pencils Down"
Regina King
Chris Van Dusen
March 24, 2016 (2016-03-24)
514
6.15[91]

85
16
"The Miseducation of Susan Ross"
Scott Foley
Raamla Mohamed
March 31, 2016 (2016-03-31)
516
6.44[92]

86
17
"Thwack!"
Tony Goldwyn
Zahir McGhee
April 7, 2016 (2016-04-07)
517
5.88[93]

87
18
"Till Death Do Us Part"
Steph Green
Paul William Davies
April 21, 2016 (2016-04-21)
518
6.00[94]

88
19
"Buckle Up"
Oliver Bokelberg
Michelle Lirtzman
April 28, 2016 (2016-04-28)
519
6.25[95]

89
20
"Trump Card"
Jann Turner
Severiano Canales & Jess Brownell
May 5, 2016 (2016-05-05)
520
6.06[96]

90
21
"That's My Girl"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes & Mark Wilding
May 12, 2016 (2016-05-12)
521
6.65[97]

text: Season 6 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

91
1
"Survival of the Fittest"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes
January 26, 2017 (2017-01-26)
601
7.62[98]

92
2
"Hardball"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Matt Byrne
February 2, 2017 (2017-02-02)
602
6.54[99]

93
3
"Fates Worse Than Death"
Scott Foley
Mark Fish
February 9, 2017 (2017-02-09)
603
6.22[100]

94
4
"The Belt"
Tom Verica
Paul William Davies
February 16, 2017 (2017-02-16)
606
6.06[101]

95
5
"They All Bow Down"
Millicent Shelton
Zahir McGhee
March 9, 2017 (2017-03-09)
604
5.26[102]

96
6
"Extinction"
Tony Goldwyn
Chris Van Dusen
March 16, 2017 (2017-03-16)
605
5.63[103]

97
7
"A Traitor Among Us"
Tom Verica
Alison Schapker
March 23, 2017 (2017-03-23)
607
5.40[104]

98
8
"A Stomach for Blood"
Oliver Bokelberg
Severiano Canales
March 30, 2017 (2017-03-30)
608
6.57[105]

99
9
"Dead in the Water"
Nicole Rubio
Michelle Lirtzman
April 6, 2017 (2017-04-06)
609
5.10[106]

100
10
"The Decision"
Sharat Raju
Johanna Lee
April 13, 2017 (2017-04-13)
610
5.35[107]

101
11
"Trojan Horse"
Jann Turner
Jess Brownell & Nicholas Nardini
April 20, 2017 (2017-04-20)
611
5.11[108]

102
12
"Mercy"
Nzingha Stewart
Severiano Canales & Ameni Rozsa
April 27, 2017 (2017-04-27)
612
5.29[109]

103
13
"The Box"
Steph Green
Raamla Mohamed & Austin Guzman
May 4, 2017 (2017-05-04)
613
5.15[110]

104
14
"Head Games"
Zetna Fuentes
Chris Van Dusen & Juan Carlos Fernandez
May 11, 2017 (2017-05-11)
614
5.10[111]

105
15
"Tick Tock"
Salli Richardson-Whitfield
Zahir McGhee & Michelle Lirtzman
May 18, 2017 (2017-05-18)
615
5.23[112]

106
16
"Transfer of Power"
Tony Goldwyn
Matt Byrne & Mark Fish
May 18, 2017 (2017-05-18)
616
5.23[112]

text: Season 7 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

107
1
"Watch Me"
Jann Turner
Shonda Rhimes
October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05)
701
5.52[113]

108
2
"Pressing the Flesh"
Tony Goldwyn
Matt Byrne
October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12)
702
5.00[114]

109
3
"Day 101"
Scott Foley
Zahir McGhee
October 19, 2017 (2017-10-19)
703
4.70[115]

110
4
"Lost Girls"
Nicole Rubio
Ameni Rozsa & Austin Guzman
October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26)
704
4.88[116]

111
5
"Adventures in Babysitting"
Oliver Bokelberg
Serveriano Canales & Tia Napolitano
November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02)
705
4.89[117]

112
6
"Vampires and Bloodsuckers"
Jann Turner
Chris Van Dusen & Tia Napolitano
November 9, 2017 (2017-11-09)
706
5.00[118]

113
7
"Something Borrowed"
Sharat Raju
Mark Fish
November 16, 2017 (2017-11-16)
707
4.97[119]

114
8
"Robin"
Daryn Okada
Juan Carlos Fernandez
January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18)
709
5.17[120]

115
9
"Good People"
Nzingha Stewart
Shonda Rhimes, Jess Brownell & Nicholas Nardini
January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25)
708
5.19[121]

116
10
"The People v. Olivia Pope"
Kerry Washington
Ameni Rozsa
February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)
710
5.62[122]

117
11
"Army of One"
Allison Liddi-Brown
Austin Guzman
February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)
711
4.63[123]

118
12
"Allow Me to Reintroduce Myself"
Tony Goldwyn
Raamla Mohamed
March 1, 2018 (2018-03-01)
712
4.95[124]

119
13
"Air Force Two"
Valerie Weiss
Severiano Canales
March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)
713
4.67[125]

120
14
"The List"
Greg Evans
Jess Brownell & Juan Carlos Fernandez
March 15, 2018 (2018-03-15)
714
4.74[126]

121
15
"The Noise"
Darby Stanchfield
Raamla Mohamed & Jeremy Gordon
March 29, 2018 (2018-03-29)
715
3.71[127]

122
16
"People Like Me"
Joe Morton
Chris Van Dusen
April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05)
716
3.83[128]

123
17
"Standing in the Sun"
Jann Turner
Mark Fish & Matt Byrne
April 12, 2018 (2018-04-12)
717
4.15[129]

124
18
"Over a Cliff"
Tom Verica
Shonda Rhimes
April 19, 2018 (2018-04-19)
718
5.46[130]

text: Specials[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Narrator
Aired between
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"The Secret is Out"
Joshua Malina as David Rosen
"White Hat's Back On" (season two)
"It's Handled" (season three)
October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03)
5.75[37]

text: Webisodes[edit]

text: Gladiator Wanted[edit]

text: A web series debuted prior to the sixth-season premiere and features Guillermo Diaz as Huck, Katie Lowes as Quinn, Cornelius Smith Jr. as Marcus and George Newbern as Charlie. All of the episodes were directed by Darby Stanchfield, who portrays Abby in the show.[131]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"So You Want to Be a Gladiator in a Suit"
Darby Stanchfield
Juan Carlos Fernandez
January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19)

2
2
"A Job to Kill For"
Darby Stanchfield
Juan Carlos Fernandez
January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19)

3
3
"Induction"
Darby Stanchfield
Juan Carlos Fernandez
January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19)

4
4
"Governments Fall"
Darby Stanchfield
Juan Carlos Fernandez
January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19)

5
5
"By Dawn's Early Light"
Darby Stanchfield
Juan Carlos Fernandez
January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19)

6
6
"Exit Interview"
Darby Stanchfield
Juan Carlos Fernandez
January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19)

text: Ratings[edit]


document_title: When Calls the Heart

question_text: where is coal valley located in when calls the heart

root

text: When Calls the Heart

text: Plot[edit]

text: When Calls the Heart tells the story of Elizabeth Thatcher (Erin Krakow), a young teacher accustomed to her high-society life. She receives her first classroom assignment in Coal Valley, a small coal-mining town in Western Canada which is located just south of Robb, Alberta. There, life is simple—but often fraught with challenges. Elizabeth charms most everyone in Coal Valley, except Royal North West Mounted Police Constable Jack Thornton (Daniel Lissing). He believes Thatcher’s wealthy father has doomed the lawman's career by insisting he be assigned in town to protect the shipping magnate’s daughter. The town of Coal Valley was renamed Hope Valley in Episode 2, Season 2 after the coal mine was closed.

tag: p

text: Living in this 1910 coal town, Elizabeth must learn the ways of the Canadian frontier movement if she wishes to thrive in the rural west on her own. Lori Loughlin portrays Abigail Stanton, whose husband, the foreman of the mine, and her only son—along with 45 other miners—have recently been killed in an explosion, which turns out to have been a tragic accident waiting to happen—a result of the mining-company site manager's irresponsible management and lack of due care in his management of the mine. The newly widowed women find their faith tested when they must go to work in the mine to keep a roof over their heads, food on the table, and compile a wage for the town's teacher.[9]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
12
January 11, 2014 (2014-01-11)
March 29, 2014 (2014-03-29)

2
7
April 25, 2015 (2015-04-25)
June 13, 2015 (2015-06-13)

New Year's Wish
December 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)

3
8
February 21, 2016 (2016-02-21)
April 10, 2016 (2016-04-10)

Christmas
December 25, 2016 (2016-12-25)

4
10
February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)
April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)

The Christmas Wishing Tree
December 25, 2017 (2017-12-25)

5
10
February 18, 2018 (2018-02-18)
April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)

tag: table

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Erin Krakow as Elizabeth Thatcher Thornton
Daniel Lissing as Jack Thornton (Seasons 1-5)
Lori Loughlin as Abigail Stanton
Jack Wagner as Bill Avery
Martin Cummins as Henry Gowen
Pascale Hutton as Rosemary LeVeaux Coulter
Kavan Smith as Leland Coulter

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Paul Greene as Carson Shepherd
Gracyn Shinyei as Emily Montgomery
Loretta Walsh as Florence Blakeley
Erica Carroll as Dottie Ramsey
Mark Humphrey as Frank Hogan
Johannah Newmarch as Molly Sullivan
Mitchell Kummen as Gabe Montgomery
Logan Williams as Miles Montgomery
Ben Rosenbaum as Hickam
Carter Ryan Evancic as Cody Hastings
Chelah Horsdal as Cat Montgomery
Steve Bacic as Charles Spurlock
Kristina Wagner as Nora Avery
Aren Buchholz as Jesse Flynn
Charlotte Hegele as Julie Thatcher
Andrea Brooks as Faith Carter
Eva Bourne as Clara Stanton
Ava Grace Cooper as Opal
Max Lloyd-Jones as Tom Thornton
Brooke Shields as Charlotte Thornton
Devon Weigel as Viola Thatcher
Marcus Rosner as Charles Kensington
Mamie Laverock as Rosaleen Sullivan
Adrian Hough as Reverend Anderson
Lynda Boyd as Grace Thatcher
Will Verchere-Gopaulsingh as Caleb Dunbar
Ali Skovbye as Becky Hastings
Garwin Sanford as William Thatcher
Laura Bertram as Mary Dunbar
Derek Hamilton as Dewitt Graves
Niall Matter as Shane Cantrell (season 4)
Spencer Drever as Cyrus Rivera (season 4)
Josie Bissett as AJ Foster

text: Characters[edit]

text: This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Elizabeth Thatcher Thornton is an independent, strong-minded, passionate and dedicated young teacher from the city. The middle daughter of William and Grace Thatcher, Elizabeth has two sisters, older sister Viola and younger sister Julie. Elizabeth finds herself in Coal Valley, a small community on the Canadian frontier in need of a teacher, and quickly discovers it is not an easy place to live, lacking the creature comforts and luxuries of her privileged life with her family. She soon meets the newly appointed and charismatic Mountie Jack Thornton and develops an immediate dislike for him. However, over time they become good friends, and develop an obvious attraction to one another. In the final episode of season 1, "Prelude to a Kiss," (also titled as "Final Adieu"), after overcoming many obstacles throughout the season, Jack tells Elizabeth, "You're the one, you're the only one" and they share a kiss. Throughout season 2, Elizabeth's feelings for Jack are high at times as well as low. Finally, in the season 2 finale, she admits that his job as a Mountie scares her. After being comforted both admitting that they love each other, Jack and Elizabeth kiss.
Jack Thornton is a laid back country boy. Jack is the son of Mountie Thomas Thornton and his wife Charlotte Thornton. Jack has a younger brother, Tom (named after his father). As a Mountie and a man of stout character and integrity, he often finds himself protecting and saving people. In season 1's "A Telling Silence," Jack finds a basset hound whom he names Rip (after Rip Van Winkle) and takes home with him. A source of comfort and companion in the small town, Jack often goes to Rip when times in his life are difficult. In season 2's "With All My Heart," Rip, who's afraid of thunder, hides in the mine shafts during a storm. Jack and Elizabeth search for him; in their search, their relationship grows stronger. Upon his first meeting of Elizabeth, he developed an instant dislike and it appeared she irritated him. However, he grew to like and then fall madly and completely in love with her over time. In "Rules of Engagement" (S.1), it is revealed that Jack was briefly engaged to Rosemary LeVeaux when she comes looking for him. However, they have both changed and realize that they cannot have a relationship as they once did ever again. In "Prelude to a Kiss" (S.1), Jack found out that Elizabeth may be leaving Coal Valley. Taking her on a walk and giving her a framed picture of them that he had sketched, he asks her not to leave Coal Valley and tells her, "You're the one, you're the only one." She replied that she was "not going anywhere", Coal Valley was where she belonged before they share a kiss. In season 2, Elizabeth and Jack share a hot-and-cold relationship until the finale, "With All My Heart." They both admit that they love each other and share another kiss. Jack's brother, Tom, is introduced season 2's "Trials of the Heart," and their rocky relationship continues until "Coming Together, Coming Apart." Jack gently reminds his younger brother how their father was so proud of him, but he wouldn't be proud of the way he was currently living. Both in tears, Jack tells his younger brother that he believes in him and that he can turn his life around. More recently, Jack has become good friends with the sawmill operator, Lee Coulter. In season 3, Jack begins the new year knowing that Elizabeth only has eyes for him and that her relationship with Charles is over for good. In "Hearts In Question," Jack's mother Charlotte shows up unexpectedly. She meets Elizabeth and is suspicious of her, but through staying her sees Elizabeth for who she really is: a trustworthy, dedicated teacher. In the season finale, "Prayers From The Heart," Jack is injured in a flood. But he miraculously recovers in time to serve as Lee's best man at his wedding.
Abigail Stanton is a Coal Valley woman who tragically lost her husband and son in the mining accident. Abigail is a very kind woman, and she stands strongly for the things she believes in. She is one of the first women to welcome Elizabeth and the two women quickly become friends. When Elizabeth accidentally burns down the little teacherage, Abigail gladly welcomes her into her home to live. After being complimented on her cooking, Abigail decides to open a cafe in Coal Valley. Together, Abigail and Elizabeth move into the rooms above the cafe. At the end of season 1, Abigail enjoys the company of Bill Avery, a Mountie, serving as a Forensic Investigator and friend of Jack Thornton's. In season 2, Abigail takes in her daughter-in-law, Clara, the wife of her late son Peter whom Abigail sees as the daughter she never had. With Bill's past being revealed, Abigail ends their friendship and spends more time with the new pastor, Frank Hogan. Also, she is a strong independent woman that is set on doing the things that are right and tries to help Elizabeth.
Bill Avery is a mysterious, quiet man. He first appears in season 1's "Rules of Engagement," in order to help Jack expose Mr. Gowen's wrongdoings. Bill is immediately attracted to widow Abigail Stanton. Things are going well until Abigail discovers a picture of Bill's family and his wedding ring. He later tells her that his son died, as well as his wife. However, his wife, Nora, comes to confront him in season 2's "Heart's Desire."
Henry Gowen is a cold, cynical man who formerly owned the coal mine. After the mine was shut down, Henry became the mayor of Hope Valley and still creates a cold, cynical presence whenever people are around him. Henry is highly disliked and feared in the town. He frequently uses bribery to get what he wants, which is never for the good of the town.
Rosemary "Rosie" LeVeaux Coulter is a flamboyant, enthusiastic actress from New York. She was briefly engaged to Jack Thornton, but they both realized that it wouldn't work out. Rosie immediately disliked Elizabeth and viewed her as "the competition," but eventually came to really care about Elizabeth, even if she has a hard time showing it. At the beginning of season 2, Rosemary began working at the cafe with Abigail and the two quickly became friends. Spending time with Abigail helped tone down some of Rosemary's enthusiasm and made her a more likable person. Rosemary even came to like Elizabeth, even if only on an acquaintance level. Truthfully, she cares about everyone in Hope Valley, especially Lee, with whom she shares an mutual attraction. When Rosie is not spending time with Lee, talking to Abigail, or dreaming about the glamorous life of an actress, she can often be found somewhere writing her weekly advice column for Hope Valley's newspaper! In season 3, Rosemary's friendship with Elizabeth deepened. Instead of viewing her as an adversary, she finds a friend in Elizabeth. Throughout season 3, Rosemary's relationship with Lee becomes more romantic. In "Heart Of A Hero," seeing that Lee needs to spend more time at the sawmill to help the new settlers find jobs, Rosemary tells Lee that the theatre doesn't have to be built. He insists, but she says how important his job is. He smiles and tells her he will one day build her theatre, telling her that she is "the best part of his life." The couple shares in their first kiss. In "A Gentle Heart," Lee is injured. Thinking he is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to him, telling how much she loves him. In "Heartbreak," Rosemary is offered a job in Hollywood filming. This has always been Rosemary's dream, to be an actress. Lee unselfishly tells her to do whatever she feels best, but it is obvious that the thought of her leaving Hope Valley hurts him. Rosemary considers her options and realizes that her place is in Hope Valley, with Lee. Lee then tells her that he has another "role" that he thinks would be perfect for her and proposes marriage. She happily accepts. In "Hearts In Question," Rosemary enthusiastically plans for their wedding. The couple weds in the season 3 finale "Prayers From The Heart," with Elizabeth and Abigail as her maids of honor.
Leland "Lee" Coulter is a kind, laidback, patient man who opens a sawmill in Hope Valley. When timber becomes Coal Valley's major source of natural resources, the town is renamed Hope Valley. He shares a mutual attraction to Rosemary and proves to be one of the few people who can outwit her. When she declines his romantic intentions, Lee recruits his friend, Molly Sullivan, to make Rosemary jealous; the ploy succeeds and Rosemary accepts his suit, appreciating Lee's good qualities. Despite her dramatic and occasionally prickly personality, Lee's compassion and patience never fails with her. With Rosemary's help, Lee beat Mr. Gowen at his own game in "Heart and Home." When not at work, Lee enjoys being with friends, including Jack Thornton, who shares Lee's simple and laidback outlook, allowing the men to discuss their lives and exchange romantic advice. In season 3, Lee's mill is unfortunately sabotaged by a man inside. Through Bill and Jack's investigation, they find the culprit. In season 3's "Heart Of A Hero," Rosemary unselfishly gives up the theatre that Lee promised to build her. Lee promises that one day, he will build her the theatre at a time when he isn't so involved with the sawmill and finding people jobs. In "A Gentle Heart," Lee is injured. Thinking Lee is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to Lee, telling him how afraid she was when she heard he had been injured. He however hears each and every word. She told him how much she loves him and to never leave her. In the episode "Heartbreak," Lee thinks Rosemary may leave Hope Valley when she is offered a movie job in Hollywood. When she gives up the movie, seeing her future in Hope Valley with him, he asks her to marry him. The couple weds in the season 3 finale, "Prayers From The Heart." Jack serves the role of Lee's best man.
Julie Thatcher is Elizabeth's hopeless romantic younger sister. She often gets herself into sticky situations by falling head over heels for men who aren't quite what they seem. In season 2 she gets involved with Jack's brother Tom, which causes trouble with her family and for Jack and Elizabeth's relationship.
Cat Montgomery is a kind, encouraging woman in Coal Valley. She is a widow and mother of three: Gabe, Miles, and Emily. Cat was one of the first mothers to show kindness to Elizabeth when she first came. She desperately wants her children to remember the good memories of their father as seen by her self-sacrificing acts in "Secrets and Lies." Possessing a great sense of teamwork and encouragement, Cat supports the women of Coal Valley while working in the mines in "Cease and Desist." She is good friends with Elizabeth and Abigail. In "These Games," she also helps Jack catch a thief.
Florence Blakeley is a feisty gossip in Hope Valley. She often has a pessimistic perspective and always seems to find the negative, even in a very positive situation. In "Heart and Home," Abigail told Florence what she really thought about her, which causes Florence to rein in her negativity somewhat, though she remains fairly outspoken. While not always likable, Florence adds spice to life in Hope Valley.
Molly Sullivan is a friend of Lee Coulter and Elizabeth Thatcher. Molly's husband was killed in the mine disaster. She has a daughter Rosaleen. In season 1's "A Telling Silence," Rosaleen has trouble in school because she misses her father so much. When she runs away, Elizabeth finds her in the mine, feeling guilty that she didn't bring her father his lunch the day of the disaster because she wanted to play with a friend instead. She fears her mother will blame her, but Elizabeth convinces her that Molly will "say that she loves her more than life itself." Molly is reunited with her daughter, to the joy of the town's people. In season 2's "With All My Heart," Lee feels it's time to "play hard to get" with Rosemary, so he enlists help from Molly. She pretends to be interested in him romantically. This ploy works and Rosemary admits that she does in fact like him. Molly is a kind woman and was among the first to welcome Elizabeth to town.
Clara Stanton is the wife of Abigail's late son Peter, and is a sweet, quiet, and sensitive young woman. Abigail never knew she had a daughter-in-law until season 2's "Trials of the Heart;" with Peter having married Clara only three days before he was killed. In "Heart's Desire," Abigail invites Clara to come live with her in Hope Valley, an offer that Clara accepts.
Charles Kensington III is an old friend of Elizabeth with whom she reconnects while in Hamilton. He is interested in her, though her feelings for Jack get in the way of their relationship.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series, originally planned to be filmed in Colorado, is filmed south of Vancouver, British Columbia, on a farm surrounded by vineyards. The fictional frontier town of Coal Valley was erected in late 2013. Some of the set trimmings and a stage coach came from the Hell on Wheels set.[10] The Thatcher home is the University Women's Club of Vancouver.[11]

text: The series was renewed for a second season,[12] which aired from April 25 to June 13, 2015. Hallmark Channel announced in July 2015 that the series had been renewed for a third season, which aired from February 21 to April 10, 2016,[13] with a sneak peek airing during the 2015 Christmas season.[14]

text: In mid-2016, it was announced that Season 4 would premiere on the Hallmark Channel Christmas Day with a two-hour special. On April 11, 2016, Lissing and Krakow announced via the series' Facebook page that Hallmark Channel had renewed the series for a fourth season, which aired from February 19 to April 23, 2017.[15][16]

text: Filming for season five began in Vancouver on August 22, 2017, and ended on December 21, 2017.[17][18]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The first season of the series was subsequently picked up by CBC Television for rebroadcast as a summer series in 2015.[19] The network has since aired all five seasons.[20][21] The series became available internationally on Netflix in August 2017.


document_title: Don't Worry, Be Happy

question_text: who appears in don't worry be happy video

question_tokens: who appears in do n 't worry be happy video

text: Don't Worry, Be Happy

text: Background[edit]

text: The Indian mystic and sage Meher Baba (1894–1969) often used the expression "Don't worry, be happy" when cabling his followers in the West.[3]

text: In the 1960s, the expression was printed up on inspirational cards and posters of the era. In 1988, McFerrin noticed a similar poster in the apartment of the jazz duo Tuck & Patti in San Francisco.[citation needed] Inspired by the expression's charm and simplicity, McFerrin wrote the now famous song, which was included in the soundtrack of the movie Cocktail, and became a hit single the next year. In an interview by Bruce Fessier for USA Weekend magazine in 1988 McFerrin said, "Whenever you see a poster of Meher Baba, it usually says 'Don't worry, be happy,' which is a pretty neat philosophy in four words, I think."[4]

text: Linda Goldstein, the song's producer, said the song gave McFerrin "the freedom to explore," adding, "He is a man of infinite, unfathomable, boundless voices and everything he has ever heard has gone into his brain, from the Mickey Mouse Club theme to the Metropolitan Opera."[5]

text: Composition[edit]

text:
"Don't Worry, Be Happy" (2008)

A 24-second audio sample of Bobby McFerrin's "Don't Worry, Be Happy".

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The "instruments" in the a cappella song are entirely overdubbed voice parts and other sounds made by McFerrin, using no instruments at all; McFerrin also sings with an affected accent.[6]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The comedic original music video for the song stars McFerrin, Robin Williams, and Bill Irwin,[7] and is somewhat shorter than the album version.

text: Chart performance[edit]

text: Originally released in conjunction with the film Cocktail in 1988, the song originally peaked at No. 88 on the Billboard Hot 100.[8] The song was re-released the same year and peaked at No. 1 on September 24, 1988[8] displacing "Sweet Child o' Mine" by Guns N' Roses which had previously held the No. 1 spot.[9]

text: The song also peaked at No. 11 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Tracks chart[10] and No. 7 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart.[8] The song was also a hit in the United Kingdom and on the UK Singles Chart, the song reached number 2 during its fifth week on the chart (kept from the top spot by Whitney Houston's "One Moment in Time").[11]

text: In Canada, the song reached No. 1 on its 8th week.[12]

text: The song is the first a cappella song to reach the Billboard Hot 100 chart and one critic noted it is a "formula for facing life's trials."[13]

text: While the song reached No. 1 on the charts, its album Simple Pleasures reached No. 12 on the album charts after starting out at No. 20 when it was first released.[9]

text: Usage in popular culture[edit]

text:
Comedian George Carlin wrote in Napalm and Silly Putty that many Americans would embrace the philosophy of denial in the song.[14]
Featured in the 1988 romance film Cocktail, starring Tom Cruise and Elisabeth Shue. It was also released as part of the film's official soundtrack.
The song was used in George H. W. Bush's 1988 U.S. presidential election as Bush's 1988 official presidential campaign song, without Bobby McFerrin's permission or endorsement. In reaction, Bobby McFerrin (a Democrat) publicly protested that particular use of his song, including stating that he was going to vote against Bush, and completely dropped the song from his own performance repertoire, to make the point even clearer. The George H. W. Bush campaign then reportedly desisted from further use of the song.[15]
In 1989, Delacorte Press published a book titled Don’t Worry, Be Happy with the song’s lyrics, 20 new verses written by McFerrin, and illustrations by Bennett Carlson.
The song became an unofficial anthem in Jamaica after Hurricane Gilbert struck the island in September 1988 (coinciding with the song's release) and caused months of hardship to the population. The song is often erroneously attributed to Bob Marley.[16][17]
In 1997, the song was featured in the direct-to-video film Casper: A Spirited Beginning.
In 2001, Mondo Club recorded the titular single. The performer was Trevor Taylor.[18]
In 2005, featured in the biographical military drama Jarhead, starring Jake Gyllenhaal.
In 2006, the song was parodied in the animated film Flushed Away.
In 2008, the song was featured in the Disney/Pixar animated film WALL-E. McFerrin had previously provided vocal work for Pixar's short film Knick Knack.
In November 2014, it was featured as a mashup with "Winter Wonderland" by a cappella group Pentatonix featuring Tori Kelly on the album That's Christmas to Me.[19]
It was featured in the dance video game Just Dance 2015.
In 2017, the song was covered by Kermit Ruffins, Irvin Mayfield, Jason Marsalis, Cyril Neville, Haley Reinhart, and Glen David Andrews for Ruffins and Mayfield's album A Beautiful World.[20]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The song is ranked No. 31 on VH1's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s and also appears on Rolling Stone's list of the 15 Best Whistling Songs of All Time.[21] At the 1989 Grammy Awards, "Don't Worry, Be Happy" won the awards for Song of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1988–89)
Peak
position

Australia (ARIA)[22]
1

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[23]
1

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[24]
2

Canadian RPM 30 Retail Singles[25]
1

Canadian RPM Top Singles[26]
1

France (SNEP)[27]
29

Germany (Official German Charts)[28]
1

Irish Singles Chart[29]
3

Italy (FIMI)[30]
18

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[31]
2

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[32]
3

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[33]
2

Norway (VG-lista)[34]
5

South African Chart[35]
4

Spain (AFYVE)[36]
5

Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[37]
2

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[38]
2

UK (Official Charts Company)[39]
2

US Billboard Hot 100[40]
1

US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary[40]
7

US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles[40]
11

text:
Chart (2016)
Peak
position

Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [41]
75

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

Germany (BVMI)[42]
Platinum
500,000^

United States (RIAA)[43]
Gold
1,000,000^

^shipments figures based on certification alone

text: Cover versions[edit]

text: Versions of "Don't Worry, Be Happy" have been recorded by several artists. The Katsimiha Brothers made a Greek cover of the song with original lyrics, and Montenegrin musician Rambo Amadeus made a parody entitled "Don't Happy, Be Worry", as a critique to the optimism of the music scene in the former Yugoslavia in the face of war and economic depression. In addition, the lyrics of "Fight the Power" by hip-hop artists Public Enemy refer critically to "Don't Worry, Be Happy". A version of this song sung by The Hit Crew is also added into the Big Mouth Billy Bass, a very popular animatronic singing toy. Hermes House Band covered the song on their Rhythm of the Nineties album in 2009. Reggae artist Cas Haley covered the song as a hidden bonus track on his Favorites album (together with former Jah Roots lead singer, Josh Heinrichs). Also in 1989 Dutch rock DJ Alfred Lagarde recorded a version in Dutch with a heavy Surinam accent under the name Johnny Camaro. Spanish Ska band The Locos covered this song in a similar style, Ska.


document_title: List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders

question_text: who has the most rbis in major league history

text: The List[edit]

text:
Bold denotes active player.
† denotes elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame.
numbers in parentheses denote 2018 Major League Baseball season RBIs for active players
Stats updated as of May 8, 2018.

text:
Rank
Player
RBI

1
Hank Aaron †
2,297

2
Babe Ruth †
2,214

3
Alex Rodriguez
2,086

4
Barry Bonds
1,996

5
Lou Gehrig †
1,995

6
Stan Musial †
1,951

7
Ty Cobb †
1,944

8
Albert Pujols (21)
1,939

9
Jimmie Foxx †
1,922

10
Eddie Murray †
1,917

11
Willie Mays †
1,903

12
Cap Anson †
1,879[a][1]

13
Mel Ott †
1,860

14
Carl Yastrzemski †
1,844

15
Ted Williams †
1,839

16
Ken Griffey, Jr. †
1,836

17
Rafael Palmeiro
1,835

18
Dave Winfield †
1,833

19
Manny Ramirez
1,831

20
Al Simmons †
1,827

21
Frank Robinson †
1,812

22
David Ortiz
1,768

23
Honus Wagner †
1,732

24
Frank Thomas †
1,704

25
Reggie Jackson †
1,702

26
Jim Thome †
1,699

27
Cal Ripken, Jr. †
1,695

28
Gary Sheffield
1,676

29
Sammy Sosa
1,667

30
Adrián Beltré (10)
1,652

Tony Pérez †
1,652

32
Ernie Banks †
1,636

33
Miguel Cabrera (21)
1,634

34
Harold Baines
1,628

35
Chipper Jones †
1,623

36
Goose Goslin †
1,609

37
Nap Lajoie †
1,599

38
George Brett †
1,596

39
Mike Schmidt †
1,595

40
Andre Dawson †
1,591

41
Carlos Beltrán
1,587

42
Rogers Hornsby †
1,584

Harmon Killebrew †
1,584

44
Al Kaline †
1,583

45
Jake Beckley †
1,575

46
Willie McCovey †
1,555

47
Fred McGriff
1,550

48
Willie Stargell †
1,540

49
Harry Heilmann †
1,539

50
Joe DiMaggio †
1,537

51
Jeff Bagwell †
1,529

Tris Speaker †
1,529

53
Sam Crawford †
1,525

54
Jeff Kent
1,518

55
Carlos Delgado
1,512

56
Mickey Mantle †
1,509

57
Vladimir Guerrero †
1,496

58
Dave Parker
1,493

59
Billy Williams †
1,475

60
Rusty Staub
1,465

61
Ed Delahanty †
1,464

62
Eddie Mathews †
1,453

63
Jim Rice †
1,451

64
Joe Carter
1,445

65
Jason Giambi
1,441

66
Luis Gonzalez
1,439

67
George Davis †
1,437

68
Yogi Berra †
1,430

69
Charlie Gehringer †
1,427

70
Andrés Galarraga
1,425

text:
Rank
Player
RBI

71
Joe Cronin †
1,424

72
Jim Bottomley †
1,422

73
Aramis Ramírez
1,417

74
Mark McGwire
1,414

75
Paul Konerko
1,412

76
José Canseco
1,407

77
Todd Helton
1,406

Robin Yount †
1,406

79
Juan González
1,404

80
Torii Hunter
1,391

81
Ted Simmons
1,389

82
Dwight Evans
1,384

83
Joe Medwick †
1,383

84
Johnny Bench †
1,376

85
Chili Davis
1,372

86
Lave Cross
1,371

87
Garret Anderson
1,365

Orlando Cepeda †
1,365

89
Bobby Abreu
1,363

Carlos Lee
1,363

91
Brooks Robinson †
1,357

92
Darrell Evans
1,354

93
Gary Gaetti
1,341

94
Johnny Mize †
1,337

95
Mike Piazza †
1,335

96
Duke Snider †
1,333

97
Iván Rodríguez †
1,332

98
Ron Santo †
1,331

99
Carlton Fisk †
1,330

100
Al Oliver
1,326

101
Roger Connor †
1,322

Rubén Sierra
1,322

103
Graig Nettles
1,314

Pete Rose
1,314

105
Derek Jeter
1,311

Mickey Vernon
1,311

Larry Walker
1,311

108
Paul Waner †
1,309

109
Steve Garvey
1,308

110
Paul Molitor †
1,307

111
Roberto Clemente †
1,305

112
Enos Slaughter †
1,304

113
Hugh Duffy †
1,302

Miguel Tejada
1,302

115
Eddie Collins †
1,300

116
Sam Thompson †
1,299

117
Mark Teixeira
1,298

118
Dan Brouthers †
1,296

119
Andruw Jones
1,289

120
Moisés Alou
1,287

Scott Rolen
1,287

122
Del Ennis
1,284

123
Bob Johnson
1,283

124
Don Baylor
1,276

Hank Greenberg †
1,276

126
Gil Hodges
1,274

127
Pie Traynor †
1,273

128
Tino Martinez
1,271

129
Paul O'Neill
1,269

130
Dale Murphy
1,266

131
Edgar Martínez
1,261

132
Bernie Williams
1,257

133
Zack Wheat †
1,248

134
Bobby Doerr †
1,247

135
Frankie Frisch †
1,244

Lee May
1,244

137
Albert Belle
1,239

George Foster
1,239

139
Magglio Ordóñez
1,236

140
Lance Berkman
1,234

text:
Rank
Player
RBI

141
Bill Dahlen
1,233

142
John Olerud
1,230

143
Gary Carter †
1,225

144
Matt Williams
1,218

145
Matt Holliday (0)
1,217

146
Dave Kingman
1,210

147
Bill Dickey †
1,209

148
Bill Buckner
1,208

149
Raúl Ibañez
1,207

150
Ellis Burks
1,206

151
Will Clark
1,205

152
Robinson Canó (19)
1,202

153
Chuck Klein †
1,201

154
Jim Edmonds
1,199

155
Adrian Gonzalez (20)
1,196

156
Bob Elliott
1,195

157
Julio Franco
1,194

Ryan Howard
1,194

Joe Kelley †
1,194

160
Tony Lazzeri †
1,191

161
Boog Powell
1,187

162
Joe Torre †
1,185

163
Heinie Manush †
1,183

164
Robin Ventura
1,182

165
Jack Clark
1,180

166
Gabby Hartnett †
1,179

167
Vic Wertz
1,178

168
Sherry Magee
1,176

169
Craig Biggio †
1,175

George Sisler †
1,175

171
Vern Stephens
1,174

172
Bobby Bonilla
1,173

173
Vada Pinson
1,170

174
Adam Dunn
1,168

175
Steve Finley
1,167

Bobby Veach
1,166

177
Earl Averill †
1,164

178
Willie Horton
1,163

179
Alfonso Soriano
1,159

180
Rocky Colavito
1,155

181
B. J. Surhoff
1,153

182
Rudy York
1,152

183
Roy Sievers
1,147

184
Mark Grace
1,146

185
Victor Martinez (18)
1,142

186
Dante Bichette
1,141

187
Ken Boyer
1,139

Ron Cey
1,139

Johnny Damon
1,139

190
Tony Gwynn †
1,138

191
Tommy Corcoran
1,135

192
Roberto Alomar †
1,134

193
Joe Morgan †
1,133

194
Greg Luzinski
1,128

195
Cecil Cooper
1,125

Tim Wallach
1,125

197
Ed McKean
1,124

198
Joe Adcock
1,122

199
Bobby Wallace †
1,121

200
Dick Allen
1,119

Frank Howard
1,119

202
Luke Appling †
1,116

203
Rickey Henderson †
1,115

204
Fred Lynn
1,111

George Hendrick
1,111

206
Todd Zeile
1,110

207
Buddy Bell
1,106

Wally Joyner
1,106

209
Vinny Castilla
1,105

210
Norm Cash
1,104

text:
Rank
Player
RBI

211
Don Mattingly
1,099

212
Hal McRae
1,097

213
Jimmy Ryan
1,093

214
Reggie Smith
1,092

215
Kent Hrbek
1,086

216
Kirby Puckett †
1,085

Lou Whitaker
1,084

218
Brian Giles
1,078

Derrek Lee
1,078

Sam Rice †
1,078

Bill Terry †
1,078

222
José Cruz
1,077

Charlie Grimm
1,077

224
Pinky Higgins
1,075

225
Brian Downing
1,073

226
Jermaine Dye
1,072

Greg Vaughn
1,072

228
Jeff Conine
1,071

Keith Hernandez
1,071

230
Shawn Green
1,070

Lance Parrish
1,070

232
Edwin Encarnación (20)
1,069

Jimmie Dykes
1,069

234
Bid McPhee †
1,067

Bob Meusel
1,067

236
Kiki Cuyler †
1,065

Jorge Posada
1,065

Ken Singleton
1,065

239
Mo Vaughn
1,064

240
Hack Wilson †
1,063

241
Stuffy McInnis
1,062

242
Ryne Sandberg †
1,061

243
Carl Furillo
1,058

244
Herman Long
1,055

Joe Sewell †
1,055

246
Willie Davis
1,053

247
Tommy Davis
1,052

248
George Scott
1,051

249
Joe Kuhel
1,049

250
Ron Fairly
1,044

251
Bobby Murcer
1,043

252
Sal Bando
1,039

253
Joe Judge
1,034

Michael Young
1,030

255
Ted Kluszewski
1,028

Prince Fielder
1,028

257
Eric Karros
1,027

258
Bobby Thomson
1,026

259
Bobby Bonds
1,024

260
Minnie Miñoso
1,023

Dixie Walker
1,023

262
Chase Utley (11)
1,022

263
Travis Fryman
1,022

264
Bret Boone
1,021

265
George Kelly †
1,020

266
Fred Pfeffer
1,019

267
David Justice
1,017

268
Tim Salmon
1,016

269
Rod Carew †
1,015

Fred Clarke †
1,015

Ralph Kiner †
1,015

272
Wade Boggs †
1,014

273
George Van Haltren
1,013

274
Dusty Baker
1,013

275
Hal Trosky
1,012

276
Jim O'Rourke
1,010

277
Ryan Braun (19)
1,008

Cecil Fielder
1,008

Ron Gant
1,008

280
Amos Otis
1,007

281
Cy Williams
1,005

282
Alan Trammell †
1,003

283
George Bell
1,002

284
Darryl Strawberry
1,000


document_title: Flag of South Africa

question_text: how many different colours are on the south african flag

text: Flag of South Africa

text: Colour and symbolism[edit]

text: At the time of its adoption, the South African flag was the only national flag in the world to comprise six colours in its primary design and without a seal and brocade. The design and colours are a synopsis of principal elements of the country's flag history. Individual colours, or colour combinations have different meanings for different people and therefore no universal symbolism should be attached to any of the colours.

text: The central design of the flag, beginning at the flagpost in a "V" form and flowing into a single horizontal band to the outer edge of the fly, can be interpreted as the convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity. The theme of convergence and unity ties in with the motto "Unity is Strength" of the previous South African Coat of Arms.

text: The design therefore represents a converging of paths, the merging of both the past and the present.

text: According to the flag's designer, the red symbolizes the blood that was shed during the various wars and conflicts in the country. It is also suggested that the blue represents the sky and the two oceans that flank the country. The green symbolizes the farms and the rich, natural environment of the country, while the yellow represents the natural resources, particularly gold. Finally, it is said that the black represents black South Africans, while the white represents the white population of the country.

text:
Colour
Textile colour
Pantone equivalent
RGB
RGB sample

Green
CKS 42 c Spectrum green
3415 c
#007C59

Black
CKS 401 c Blue black

#000000

White
CKS 701 c National flag white

#FFFFFF

Gold
CKS 724 c Gold yellow
1235 c
#FCB514

Red
CKS 750 c Chilli red
179 c
#E23D28

Blue
CKS 762 c National flag blue
Reflex blue c
#0C1C8C

text: Construction sheet[edit]

text: History[edit]

text: The Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek (Transvaal) became British colonies along with the existing Cape and Natal colonies. Each was also entitled to a colonial flag following in the British tradition.

text: On 31 May 1910 these four colonies came together to form the Union of South Africa and the individual colonial flags were no longer used and new South African flags came into being. Once again, as a British dominion the British Union Flag was to continue as the national flag and the standard British ensign pattern was used as a basis for distinctive South African flags.

text: As was the case throughout the British Empire, the Red and Blue Ensigns were the official flags for merchant and government vessels at sea, and the British Admiralty authorised them to be defaced in the fly with the shield from the South African coat of arms.[1][2] These ensigns were not intended to be used as the Union's national flag, although they were used by some people as such. Although these ensigns were primarily intended for maritime use, they were also flown on land.

text:
The South Africa Red Ensign was South Africa's de facto national flag between 1910 and 1928 and was flown at times from Government buildings.

The Blue Ensign was flown over the Union’s offices abroad between 1910 and 1928.

The design of the Red Ensign was modified slightly in 1912 when the shield was placed on a white disc so as to make it more distinguishable. The Red Ensign continued to be used as the flag of the South African merchant marine until 1951.[3]

text: These flags never enjoyed much popular support due to the animosities lingering after the Anglo-Boer War. The Afrikaner descendants of the Dutch settlers from the former Boer Republics found the prominent position of the British Union Flag to be offensive while the English-speakers saw any move to remove it as an Afrikaner plot to deprive them of their imperial symbol.

text: 1928–1994 flag[edit]

text:
South Africa (1928–1994)

Proportion
2:3

Adopted
1928

text: Due to the lack of popularity of these flags, there were intermittent discussions about the desirability of a more distinctive national flag for South Africa after 1910,[4] it was only after a coalition government took office in 1925 that a bill was introduced in Parliament to introduce a national flag for the Union. This provoked often violent controversy that lasted for three years based on whether the British Union Flag should be included in the new flag design or not. The Natal Province even threatened to secede from the Union should it be decided to remove it.

text: Finally, a compromise was reached that resulted in the adoption of a separate flag for the Union in late 1927 and the design was first hoisted on 31 May 1928. The design was based on the so-called Van Riebeeck flag or Prinsenvlag ("Prince's Flag" in Afrikaans) that was originally the Dutch flag; it consisted of orange, white, and blue horizontal stripes. A version of this flag had been used as the flag of the Dutch East India Company (known as the VOC) at the Cape (with the VOC logo in the centre) from 1652 until 1795. The South African addition to the design was the inclusion of three smaller flags centred in the white stripe. The miniature flags were the British Union Flag (mirrored) towards the hoist, the flag of the Orange Free State hanging vertically in the middle and the Transvaal Vierkleur towards the fly. The position of each of the miniature flags is such that each has equal status. However, to ensure that the Dutch flag in the canton of the Orange Free State flag is placed nearest to the upper hoist of the main flag, the Free State flag must be reversed. The British Union Flag, which is nearest to the hoist and is thus in a more favoured position, is spread horizontally from the Free State flag towards the hoist and is thus also reversed. Although placed horizontally furthest from the hoist, to balance the British Union Flag, the Vierkleur is the only one of the miniature flags which is spread in the same direction as the main flag. This compensates for its otherwise less favourable position. In this arrangement, each of the miniature flags enjoy equal precedence.[5]

text: The choice of the Prinsenvlag as the basis upon which to design the South African flag had more to do with compromise than Afrikaner political desires, as the Prinsenvlag was believed to be the first flag hoisted on South African soil by Jan van Riebeeck of the VOC and was politically neutral, as it was no longer the national flag of any nation. A further element of this compromise was that the British Union Flag would continue to fly alongside the new South African national flag over official buildings. This dual flag arrangement continued until 1957 when the British Union Flag lost its official status per an Act of Parliament.

text: Following a referendum the country became a republic on 31 May 1961, but the design of the flag remained unchanged. However, there was intense pressure to change the flag, particularly from Afrikaners who still resented the fact that the British Union Flag was a part of the flag. In 1968, the then Prime Minister, John Vorster, proposed the adoption of a new flag from 1971, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the declaration of a republic but this never materialised.[6]

text: Current flag since 1994[edit]

text: The present South African national flag was first flown on 27 April 1994, the day of the 1994 election. However, the flag was first intended to be an interim flag only, and its design was decided upon only a week beforehand.

text: The choice of a new flag was part of the negotiation process set in motion when Nelson Mandela was released from prison in 1990. When a nationwide public competition was held in 1993, the National Symbols Commission received more than 7,000 designs. Six designs were shortlisted and presented to the public and the Negotiating Council, but none elicited enthusiastic support. A number of design studios were then contacted to submit further proposals, but these also did not find favour. Parliament went into recess at the end of 1993 without a suitable candidate for the new national flag.

text: In February 1994, Cyril Ramaphosa and Roelf Meyer, the chief negotiators of the African National Congress and the National Party government of the day respectively, were given the task of resolving the flag issue. A final design was adopted on 15 March 1994, derived from a design developed by the State Herald Fred Brownell,[7] who had also previously designed the Flag of Namibia. This interim flag was hoisted for the first time on the 27 April 1994, the day when the nation’s first fully inclusive elections commenced which resulted in Nelson Mandela being inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected president on 10 May 1994.

text: The proclamation of the new national flag by South African President F. W. de Klerk was only published on 20 April 1994,[8] a mere seven days before the flag was to be inaugurated, sparking a frantic last-minute flurry for flag manufacturers. As stated in South Africa's post-apartheid interim constitution, the flag was to be introduced on an interim probationary period of five years, after which there would be discussion about whether or not to change the national flag in the final draft of the constitution. The Constitutional Assembly was charged with the responsibility of drafting the country’s new constitution and had called for submissions, inter alia, on the issues of its various national symbols. It received 118 submissions recommending the retention of the new flag and 35 suggesting changes to it. Thus on 28 September 1995 it decided that the flag should be retained unchanged and accordingly it was included as Section One of the Constitution of South Africa which came into force in February 1997.[9]

text: Proper display of the flag[edit]

text: The South African government published guidelines for proper display of the flag at designated flag stations, in Government Notice 510 of 8 June 2001 (Gazette number 22356). These rules apply only to official flag stations and not to the general public.

text: The Southern African Vexillological Association (SAVA), a non-official association for the study of flags, published their own guide for proper display of the flag in 2002. This guide has no official authority but was drawn up with generally accepted vexillological etiquette and principles in mind.[10]

text: Heraldic description[edit]

text: An addendum to the Transitional Executive Council agenda (April 1994) described the flag in heraldic terms as follows:

text: The National flag shall be rectangular in the proportion of two in the width to three to the length; per pall from the hoist, the upper band red (chilli) and lower band blue, with a black triangle at the hoist; over the partition lines a green pall one fifth the width of the flag, fimbriated white against the red and blue, and gold against the black triangle at the hoist, and the width of the pall and its fimbriations is one third the width of the flag.

text: Schedule One of the Constitution of South Africa (1996) replaced the heraldic definition and described the flag in plain English as follows:[11]

text:
The national flag is rectangular; it is one and a half times as long as it is wide.
It is black, gold, green, white, chilli red and blue.
It has a green Y-shaped band that is one fifth as wide as the flag. The centre lines of the band start in the top and bottom corners next to the flag post, converge in the centre of the flag, and continue horizontally to the middle of the free edge.
The green band is edged, above and below in white, and towards the flag post end, in gold. Each edging is one fifteenth as wide as the flag.
The triangle next to the flag post is black.
The upper horizontal band is chilli red and the lower horizontal band is blue. These bands are each one third as wide as the flag.

tag: ol


document_title: Ready Player One

question_text: who finds the easter egg in ready player one

text: Ready Player One

text: Setting[edit]

text: In the year 2044, the world has been gripped by an energy crisis from the depletion of fossil fuels and the consequences of global warming, causing widespread social problems and economic stagnation. To escape the decline their world is facing, people turn to the OASIS,[a] a virtual reality simulator accessible by players using visors and haptic technology such as gloves. It functions both as an MMORPG and as a virtual society, with its currency being the most stable in the real world. It was created by James Halliday who, when he died, had announced in his will to the public that he had left an Easter egg inside OASIS, and the first person to find it would inherit his entire fortune and the corporation. The story follows the adventures of Wade Watts, starting about five years after the announcement, when he discovers one of the three keys pointing to the treasure.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Teenager Wade Watts lives with his aunt in the "stacks", a poverty-stricken district constructed of trailer homes piled on top of each other. He spends all his spare time as a "gunter" ("egg hunter"), logging on to the OASIS as an avatar under the moniker Parzival, reading Halliday's journal Anorak's Almanac, and researching details of the 1980s pop culture (such as classic video games and movies) that Halliday loved. One day, he realizes during a fit of boredom that the first key is located on the same virtual world as his own online high school, in a re-creation of the Dungeons & Dragons module Tomb of Horrors. He meets Art3mis, a famous female gunter and blogger that he has a crush on. (She named her avatar after Artemis, but that spelling was already taken.) Art3mis had been exploring the place, but Wade is able to solve the puzzle first by defeating its adversary Acererak in the video game Joust. He is awarded the Copper Key, and Parzival appears on the "Scoreboard", attracting the entire world's attention.

text: Parzival completes the Copper Gate puzzles by playing through the Dungeons of Daggorath video game, and then role-playing Matthew Broderick's character in the film WarGames. Art3mis clears the gate shortly afterwards, as does Wade's friend Aech. His fame enables him to make a living by endorsing virtual products. Nolan Sorrento, head of operations at Innovative Online Industries (IOI), a multinational corporation bent on taking control of the OASIS and monetizing it, tries to recruit Wade to assist them in finding the egg, only to be swiftly refused. In retaliation, Sorrento blows up the stacks where Wade lives, under the guise of a meth lab explosion; Wade is not home and barely escapes death, but his aunt and neighbors are killed.

text: Wade lies low, taking up the persona Bryce Lynch and a residence near IOI headquarters in Columbus, Ohio. He briefly considers an alliance with Aech, Art3mis, and two Japanese gunters, Daito and Shoto, who have also figured out the puzzles. Instead, he and Art3mis progress in a friendship, but when he asks her out, Art3mis declines. IOI operatives (called Sixers) attempt to assassinate the two at the birthday party of OASIS co-founder Ogden Morrow, but are unsuccessful. Five months after the finding of the Copper Key, no one has made progress on the next clue, the Jade Key, and Wade finds himself more isolated from both Art3mis and Aech.

text: When Art3mis finds the Jade Key, Parzival scrambles to planet Archaide, where he plays a perfect game of Pac-Man, receiving only a quarter as a prize. The coin becomes stuck in his inventory, and he is unable to analyze it. Aech provides a hint leading him to the planet Frobozz where he solves the text adventure game Zork. Sorrento, who had tracked Art3mis and Aech using a premium locator item, quickly establishes a base there to farm their company's avatars with keys, and soon unlocks the Jade Gate and acquires the Crystal Key.

text: Parzival unlocks the Jade Gate, a Voight-Kampff machine in the Blade Runner universe, and completes the arcade game Black Tiger as a character from the first-person shooter perspective. Using his knowledge of Rush, he acquires the Crystal Key, and after playing "Discovery", the third track off of their album 2112, discovers a clue that Sorrento overlooked regarding the conditions to unlock the final gate. As he messages Art3mis, Aech, and Shoto with his solution, Sorrento publicizes the location of the Crystal Gate at Castle Anorak, but he has put an impenetrable force field around it.

text: In an elaborate plan of infiltration, Wade manipulates his assumed identity to be arrested and placed in indentured servitude in IOI's tech support department. While inside IOI, he uses black market passwords and security exploits to hack into IOI's intranet: he acquires a wealth of information, including footage of Daito's murder by Sixers who infiltrated Daito's real-life apartment and threw him out of the building's 43rd floor, killing him. The information also includes the attempt on his own life, as well as plans to kill Shoto and Art3mis in real life. After escaping the corporation, he shares his information with his friends, and publicizes a gathering of avatars to storm the castle. They are interrupted by Ogden Morrow, who offers them a safe haven at his home in Oregon. Wade meets the real-life Aech and Ogden, but not Art3mis and Shoto, who are already hooked into Ogden's immersion pods.

text: The day of the battle, Wade uses his planted hack to bring down the barricade, and a massive fight among avatars ensues. Parzival uses Ultraman to fight against Sorrento's Mechagodzilla Kiryu. After defeating Kiryu using Ultraman's numerous abilities, Parzival and friends unlock the gate, at which point the Sixers use an artifact called the Cataclyst to destroy the castle and all avatars over a large area. Parzival survives because having the Pac-Man quarter granted him an extra life. As he enters the Crystal Gate, he announces that if he wins he will share his fortune with his three friends. With Sorrento and his Sixers on his heels, Parzival plays Tempest, role-plays King Arthur and various characters in Monty Python and the Holy Grail, and finally retrieves the Easter egg in Adventure.

text: As well as Halliday's vast fortune and a controlling share of the corporation that runs OASIS, Wade's victory directly grants him control of the virtual world, including a secret Big Red Button that would destroy OASIS once and for all if Wade ever feels it necessary. He wipes out the Sixers' avatars and resurrects those of his friends. Meanwhile in the real world, Sorrento is arrested for the murders. Parzival remarks sadly that Sorrento can afford to hire the best lawyers, but Aech replies, "But now so can we".

text: In Oregon, Wade logs off OASIS and leaves the immersion pod. He and Art3mis finally meet in person and rekindle their relationship with a kiss.

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Wade Owen Watts a.k.a. Parzival: the viewpoint character, an orphan from the "stacks" surrounding metropolitan Oklahoma City. Wade names his OASIS character Parzival after the Arthurian knight involved in the quest for the holy grail, and dedicates his life to finding James Halliday's Easter egg. He is 18 years old when he finds the Copper Key in the prologue of the book. His username at the virtual high school he attends is Wade3.[b] Wade's character was based on a mix of Cline as well as his geek friends.[7]
James Donovan Halliday a.k.a. Anorak: creator of OASIS. A big fan of 1980s culture, he announces in his will his plans to leave his entire fortune to whomever can find his Easter egg that he had hidden in OASIS. His character was initially inspired by Willy Wonka who Cline described as a "rich eccentric holding a fantastic contest". Cline used the personalities of Howard Hughes and Richard Garriott, and placed Halliday's birth year around the same as his own so that his pop culture interests would coincide with Cline's "and the other middle-aged uber geeks I know".[8][7]
Aech (pronounced like the letter H):Ch. 33 Wade's best friend, fellow gunter, and rival in the quest to find the egg. Aech's specialty is in PvP and first-person shooter games, and is one of the top combatants on OASIS. Although Aech's avatar is an athletic Caucasian heterosexual male,p. 38-39 Aech is played by an African-American lesbian named Helen Harris, who grew up in Atlanta, Georgia and is about the same age as Wade.Ch. 33 Aech is based partly on Cline's friend Harry Knowles as well as himself and other geeks, both men and women.[7]
Art3mis: a famous female gunter and blogger. Wade has a huge cyber-crush on her, which is complicated by their competition in search of the egg.p. 35 She chose her avatar's name from the Greek goddess of the hunt.[c] Like other characters, Cline based Art3mis on himself and other geeks, both men and women.[7] Her real name is Samantha Evelyn Cook from Vancouver, British Columbia and she has a port-wine stain on her face.Ch. 30
Ogden "Og" Morrow: Co-creator of the OASIS and best friend of James Halliday. They founded the video game company Gregarious Games, where he would handle the business operations, and which would later become Gregarious Simulation Systems (GSS), the company that launched OASIS.p. 54-56 His appearance and personality are described as being "a cross between Albert Einstein and Santa Claus." Concerned that people were using it to escape reality, he quits GSS and works on educational software with his wife Kira until her death. His relationship with Halliday deteriorated, and the two men remained estranged until before Halliday's death, when he is entrusted with ensuring that the hunt goes smoothly and without cheating.Ch. 32-33 Ogden lives in Oregon and owns a set of advanced OASIS consoles and immersion rigs, and is able to monitor everyone in the OASIS, even in private chat rooms.Ch. 12, 32-33 He rarely appears in public, and only shows up on the OASIS once a year on his birthday, where he assumes the avatar of the Great and Powerful Og. Ogden's character and relationship with Halliday was inspired by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, with Morrow being more like Jobs as a "charismatic tech leader".[8][9]
Daito: one of the two Japanese gunters who rise to the top of the scoreboard early on in the hunt, working in a team with "brother", Shoto. The pair have a generally tense, but not unfriendly relationship with Aech, and Art3mis, They are closer to Parzival, and work together on quests unrelated to the hunt. They are based on otaku: Japanese geeks who enjoy movies and anime, as well as hikikomori: people who live as recluses inside their family's homes.[7] Daito's real name is revealed to be Toshiro Yoshiaki after he is killed by the IOI.
Shoto: the second and younger of the two Japanese gunters working as a team in their quest for the egg.p. 129 Shoto's real name is Akihide Karatsu.p. 292 Following the death of his partner, Shoto collaborates with Art3mis, Aech and Wade to finish the hunt.
Nolan Sorrento: the head of operations at Innovative Online Industries (IOI), the multinational corporation that serves as an Internet service provider for most of the world, and that plans to take over and monetize the OASIS. Sorrento is head of IOI's Oology division, which is dedicated to searching for Halliday's Easter egg.p. 33 His avatar name is IOI-655321, after his employee number.Ch. 14, 16 IOI employees in the division are nicknamed Sixers, after their six-digit employee numbers that also begin with the number 6.p. 33 Cline said that he named Sorrento after Nolan Bushnell, founder of Atari, and said, "Not that I think Nolan is a bad guy, or anything. It’s meant as a subtle tribute!" [10]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ready Player One was a New York Times bestseller.[11][12][13] Among those praising the book were Entertainment Weekly, The Boston Globe, The A.V. Club, CNN.com, io9, and Boing Boing. USA Today wrote that the novel "undoubtedly qualifies Cline as the hottest geek on the planet right now."[14] NPR said that the book was "ridiculously fun and large-hearted". Cline "takes a far-out premise and engages the reader instantly" with a "deeply felt narrative [that] makes it almost impossible to stop turning the pages."[15] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that "The book gets off to a witty start" but noted that it lacks at least one dimension, stating that gaming had overwhelmed everything else about this book.[16] Rebecca Serle of The Huffington Post described the book as "the grown-up's Harry Potter" and that it "has it all – nostalgia, trivia, adventure, romance, heart and, dare I say it, some very fascinating social commentary. "[17]

text: The book has been translated into over 20 languages.[18]

text: In an interview with Fortune, Cline said that his book had inspired designers at companies such as Oculus VR which recommended the book for their new employees.[19][20] Oculus has also invited Cline several times to sign books and demo hardware.[21]

text: Spin-offs and sequels[edit]

text: Short story[edit]

text: Lacero, a fan-fiction story by Andy Weir, was published in the 2016 edition of Ready Player One. It follows the story of Nolan Sorrento and functions as a precursor to the main novel, and is considered canonical to the Ready Player One fictional universe.[22][23][24]

text: RPO sequel[edit]

text: In 2015, in an interview with Den of Geek, screenwriter Zak Penn reported that Cline was working on a sequel to the novel.[25] In December 2017 Cline himself confirmed he is writing a sequel[26].

text: In other media[edit]

text: Easter egg hunt promotion[edit]

text: Ten months after the first edition release, Cline revealed on his blog that Ready Player One itself contained an elaborately hidden Easter egg. This clue would form the first part of a series of staged video gaming tests, similar to the plot of the novel. Cline also revealed that the competition's grand prize would be a DeLorean.[27] The game Ultimate Collector: Garage Sale by Austin-based developer Portalarium was featured in one part of the contest.[28][29] The final stage of the contest was announced on August 1, 2012, and was to set a world record on one of several classic arcade or Atari 2600 games. This was completed on August 9, 2012 by Craig Queen, who set a new world record in Joust. He was awarded the DeLorean on the TV show X-Play.[30]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: The film rights were purchased by Warner Bros. on the same day Cline finalized his publishing deal with Random House, one year prior to the novel's publication. Dan Farah brought the project into the studio and is producing it with Donald De Line. Cline adapted his novel into a screenplay.[31] Over the years, Eric Eason and Zak Penn assisted Cline with rewrites.[32]

text: Steven Spielberg signed on to direct in March 2015.[33] Spielberg and Kristie Macosko Krieger of Amblin Partners also joined Deline and Farah as producers. Warner Bros. initially announced a release date of December 15, 2017.[34] On February 9, 2016, the release date was pushed back to March 30, 2018, to avoid competition with Star Wars: The Last Jedi.[35] The movie began production in the spring of 2016 and is being filmed in both the United States and the United Kingdom.

text: On September 1, 2015, TheWrap reported that Olivia Cooke, Elle Fanning and Lola Kirke were on the shortlist for the role of Art3mis, along with two unnamed actresses, and Justin Kroll tweeted that Nick Robinson was an early favorite of Spielberg for Parzival.[36][37] On September 11, 2015, it was reported that Cooke was cast as Samantha.[38] On January 6, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Ben Mendelsohn was in talks to play Nolan Sorrento.[39] In early 2016, the movie launched a worldwide casting call for the roles of Wade Watts, Daito, and Shoto in the project.[40] On February 24, 2016, Deadline reported that Tye Sheridan was cast as Wade in the film.[41] On March 17, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Simon Pegg was in negotiations for the role of OASIS co-creator Ogden Morrow, better known by his OASIS avatar: the Great and Powerful Og.[42] April 13, 2016, Variety reported that Mark Rylance has joined the cast as OASIS creator James Donovan Halliday.[43] On June 1, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that T.J. Miller has joined the cast. Originally, rumors had started to spread that he would be taking on the role of an annoying online Internet troll named i-R0k, but he will instead be taking on an unnamed role. A description of the character has been revealed as "a bounty hunter with an amusing personality."[44] On June 5, 2016, Variety reported that Japanese singer-actor Win Morisaki is cast as Toshiro Yoshiaki, also known as Daito.[45]

text: On June 9, 2016, Variety stated that Spielberg's regular collaborator John Williams is planning to compose the film's score.[46] However, scheduling conflicts with another Spielberg film, The Post, led to Spielberg signing Alan Silvestri for the score.

text: Screenwriter Zak Penn tweeted on July 1, 2016 that the first week of filming was completed.[47]