document_title: Daytona 500

question_text: who was the daytona 500 highest finishing rookie

text: Daytona 500

text: Origins[edit]

text: The race is the direct successor of shorter races held on the Daytona Beach Road Course. This long square was partially on the sand and also on the highway near the beach. Earlier events featured 200-mile (320 km) races with stock cars. Eventually, a 500-mile (805 km) stock car race was held at Daytona International Speedway in 1959. It was the second 500-mile NASCAR race, following the annual Southern 500, and has been held every year since. By 1961, it began to be referred to as the Daytona 500,[7] by which it is still commonly known.

text: Daytona International Speedway is 2.5 miles (4 km) long and a 500-mile race[8] requires 200 laps to complete. However, the race is considered official after two stages (120 laps) have been completed (300 miles). The race has been shortened four times due to rain (in 1965, 1966, 2003, and 2009) and once in response to the energy crisis of 1974. Since the adaptation of the green–white–checker finish rule in 2004, the race has gone past 500 miles on seven occasions (2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2015).

text: History[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
1959: Lee Petty, patriarch of the racing family, won the inaugural Daytona 500 on February 22, 1959, defeating Johnny Beauchamp.
1960: Junior Johnson made use of the draft, then a little-understood phenomenon, to win while running a slower, year-old car in a field of 68 cars, most in Daytona 500 history through the present day.
1965: The first rain-shortened Daytona 500 was the 1965 event. Fred Lorenzen was in the lead when the race was called on lap 133 of 200.[9]
1966: Richard Petty becomes the first two-time winner, having previously won the 1964 race. Through 2015, only 11 drivers have won 2 or more Daytona 500s.
1967: Mario Andretti led 112 of the 200 laps including the last 33 to capture his first and only win in the Cup Series.
1968: For much of this race, both Cale Yarborough and LeeRoy Yarbrough traded the lead. With 5 laps to go, Yarborough made a successful slingshot pass on the third turn to take the lead from Yarbrough and never looked back as he won his first Daytona 500 by 1.3 seconds.
1969: Just like a year earlier, LeeRoy Yarbrough would inflict the same treatment on Charlie Glotzbach, scoring the victory on the last lap.
1971: Richard Petty becomes the first three-time winner, including the 1964 and 1966 races. Through 2015, only 5 drivers have won 3 or more Daytona 500s.
1972: A. J. Foyt cruised into the lead on lap 80 and stayed there through the 200 lap race, lapping the entire field. Foyt beat second place Charlie Glotzbach by nearly two laps, with Jim Vandiver finishing 6 laps down in third.
1973: Richard Petty becomes the first four-time winner, including the 1964, 1966 and 1971 races . Through 2015, only Petty (7 total) and Cale Yarborough have won 4 Daytona 500s.
1974: During the start of the 1974 NASCAR season, many races had their distance cut ten percent in response to the 1973 oil crisis. As a result, the 1974 Daytona 500 was shortened to 180 laps (450 miles), as symbolically, the race "started" on lap 21. Richard Petty became the first of only 3 drivers (through 2015) to win consecutive Daytona 500s, while also setting a mark of 5 total wins.
1976: In the 1976 race, Richard Petty was leading on the last lap when he was passed on the backstretch by David Pearson. Petty tried to turn under Pearson coming off the final corner, but didn't clear Pearson. The contact caused the drivers to spin into the grass in the infield just short of the finish line. Petty's car didn't start, but Pearson was able to keep his car running and limp over the finish line for the win. Many fans consider this finish to be the greatest in the history of NASCAR.
1979: The 1979 race was the first Daytona 500 to be broadcast live on national television,[10][11] airing on CBS, whose audience was increased in much of the Eastern and Midwestern USA due to a blizzard. (The Indianapolis 500 was only broadcast on tape delay that evening in this era; most races were broadcast only through the final quarter to half of the race, as was the procedure for ABC's Championship Auto Racing broadcasts; with the new CBS contract, the network and NASCAR agreed to a full live broadcast.) That telecast introduced in-car and low-level track-side cameras, which has now become standard in all sorts of automotive racing broadcasts. A final lap crash and subsequent fight between leaders Cale Yarborough and Donnie Allison (along with Donnie's brother Bobby) brought national (if unwelcome) publicity to NASCAR, with the added emphasis of a snowstorm that bogged down much of the northeastern part of the United States. Donnie Allison was leading the race on the final lap with Yarborough drafting him tightly. As Yarborough attempted a slingshot pass at the end of the backstretch, Allison attempted to block him. Yarborough refused to give ground and as he pulled alongside Allison, his left side tires left the pavement and went into the wet and muddy infield grass. Yarborough lost control of his car and contacted Allison's car halfway down the backstretch. As both drivers tried to regain control, their cars made contact several more times before finally locking together and crashing into the outside wall in turn three. After the cars settled in the grass, Donnie Allison and Yarborough began to argue. After they had talked it out, Bobby Allison, who was lapped at that point, pulled over, began defending his brother, and a fight broke out. Richard Petty, who was over half a lap behind at the time, went on to win; with the brawl in the infield, the television audience scarcely noticed. The story was the talk of the water cooler the next day, even making the front page of The New York Times Sports section.
1980: Buddy Baker won the fastest Daytona 500 in history, at 177.602 mph (285.809 km/h).
1981: Richard Petty becomes the first seven-time winner, three wins more than the second highest multiple winner, Cale Yarborough. With wins in 1964, 1966, 1971, 1973, 1974, and 1979, Petty is the only driver to win in three different decades.
1982: The Daytona 500 becomes the opening race in the NASCAR season, a position held since.
1983: Cale Yarborough was the first driver to run a qualifying lap over 200 mph (320 km/h) in his Chevrolet Monte Carlo.
1984: Cale Yarborough completed a lap of 201.848 mph (324.843 km/h), officially breaking the 200 mph (320 km/h) barrier at Daytona. He joined Richard Petty as the only drivers to win the race in consecutive years and to win the race four times overall.
1985: Bill Elliott dominated the race, and by lap 140, was close to lapping the entire field. During a pit stop, NASCAR officials held him in the pit area in order to repair a supposed broken headlight assembly. The two-minute pit stop dropped him to third, barely clinging to the lead lap. Elliott made up the deficit and survived a late race caution and a final lap restart to win his first Daytona 500. Elliott would go on to win the first Winston Million.
1986: The race that came down to a two-car duel between Dale Earnhardt and Geoff Bodine. With 3 laps to go, Earnhardt was forced to make a pit stop for a "splash 'n go". However, as Earnhardt left the pits, he burned a piston, allowing Bodine to cruise to victory.
1987: Winner Bill Elliott qualified for the pole position at an all-time Daytona record of 210.364 mph (338.532 km/h)..
1988: Restrictor plates were mandated to reduce dangerously high speeds at Daytona. Bobby Allison and his son Davey finished one-two and celebrated together in Victory Lane, making Bobby Allison the oldest driver to win the Daytona 500.
1990: Dale Earnhardt appeared headed for certain victory until the closing laps. On lap 193, Geoff Bodine spun in the first turn, causing the third and final caution of the race. All of the leaders pitted except Derrike Cope, who stayed out to gain track position. On the lap 195 restart, Earnhardt re-took the lead. On the final lap, going into turn three, he ran over a bell housing from the blown engine of Rick Wilson's car. He blew a tire, allowing the relatively unknown Cope to slip by and take the his first career win in a major upset.[12]
1991: Dale Earnhardt's Daytona 500 frustrations continued as Ernie Irvan passed Earnhardt with six laps to go to. Ultimately, Earnhardt spun with two laps remaining and collected Davey Allison and Kyle Petty. Irvan took the win as the race ended under the caution flag. The race was dominated by complex pit stop rules, implemented to improve safety in the pit area.
1992: Davey Allison dominated the second half en route to his lone Daytona 500 victory. He avoided a major wreck on lap 92 and went on to lead the final 102 laps.
1993: On lap 170, a frightening wreck saw Rusty Wallace flip over multiple times on the back straightaway. With two laps to go, Dale Earnhardt was leading Jeff Gordon and Dale Jarrett. Jarrett battled into the lead with one lap to go. It was the fourth time Earnhardt had been leading the Daytona 500 with less than ten laps to go, but failed to win.
1994: Sterling Marlin gambled on fuel, and was able to complete the final 59 laps without stopping, to win his first career Cup victory. During Speedweeks, two drivers died, Neil Bonnett and Rodney Orr.
1995: Sterling Marlin became the first driver since Cale Yarborough, and only third overall, to win back-to-back Daytona 500s. To date, Marlin is the last driver to have won back-to-back Daytona 500s. It was the third win in five years for Morgan–McClure Motorsports (1991, 1994, 1995).
1996: Dale Jarrett won his second Daytona 500 in four years, again holding off Dale Earnhardt, who finished second for the third time in four years.
1997: Jeff Gordon became the youngest driver to win the Daytona 500.
1998: Dale Earnhardt finally won the Daytona 500 after 20 years of trying. Though Earnhardt had usually been a strong competitor in the Daytona 500, mechanical problems, crashes, or other misfortunes had prevented him from winning. After his victory, a joyous Earnhardt drove slowly down pit road, where members of other race teams had lined up to give him handshakes and high-fives. Mike Joy, who was play-by-play announcer for CBS's broadcast, called the win "the most anticipated moment in racing".[citation needed]
2001: Also known as "Black Sunday", or the "darkest day in NASCAR", as Dale Earnhardt died in a crash on the final lap. Michael Waltrip and Dale Earnhardt, Jr. were running first and second on the final lap, while Earnhardt Sr. was third. In turn 4, Earnhardt lost control after making contact from Sterling Marlin, and crashed into the outside wall, taking Ken Schrader with him. Earnhardt suffered a fatal basilar skull fracture. Waltrip would win.[13]
2003: Michael Waltrip became a two-time winner of in the shortest ever Daytona 500, after the race was shortened to 109 laps due to rain.[14]
2005: The start time was changed, allowing the race to finish under the lights at dusk. In the first use of the green-white-checker finish rule in the Daytona 500, Gordon held off Kurt Busch, and Earnhardt, Jr. to win his third Daytona 500 that saw the race go 203 laps/507.5 miles.
2008: The celebrated 50th running of the Daytona 500 was the first using NASCAR's Car of Tomorrow. It also marked the first race under the "Sprint Cup Series" banner, following the merger of Sprint with Nextel in 2006.

text:
2010: The longest Daytona 500 distance, 208 laps (520 miles (840 km)), due to requiring two green-white-checker efforts to finish the race. Jamie McMurray came home with the 2010 Daytona 500 victory. Dale Earnhardt Jr. finished second.
2011: Since this race marked the tenth anniversary of the death of Dale Earnhardt, the third lap was a "silent lap", meaning the TV and radio announcers were silent during the entire lap, and fans held up three fingers in reference to Earnhardt's car number. Trevor Bayne, at 20 years and one day old, became the youngest Daytona 500 winner ever.
2012: While 2010 was the longest distance, 2012 was the longest time to complete the race. Scheduled for a 12 noon EST start on Sunday, rain delayed the race to Monday, then further delayed it to a 7 PM start that Monday night, resulting in the first primetime Daytona 500 start (but the third to reach primetime). On lap 160, Juan Pablo Montoya crashed into a jet dryer in turn 3, sparking a lengthy red flag as crews put out the resulting fire and repaired the damage. The race finally ended at approximately 1 AM EST Tuesday morning, 37 hours after the originally scheduled start, with Matt Kenseth becoming the first repeat winner since Jeff Gordon who won the 2005 race.
2013: This race saw a number of firsts. This was the first race with NASCAR's new redesigned Generation 6 body. Rookie Danica Patrick won the pole, becoming the first woman on pole in the Daytona 500. She also was the first woman to lead laps under green flag conditions in the race. Jimmie Johnson earned his second Daytona 500 victory.
2014: For the second year in a row, a rookie won the pole position, in this case Austin Dillon in his first ride in the newly renumbered #3 Chevy SS for Richard Childress Racing, the first time the #3 had been used in a NASCAR Cup Series race since Dale Earnhardt's death. Dale Earnhardt, Jr., won his second Daytona 500, the third straight won by a past winner, after Kenseth in 2012 and Johnson in 2013. The race was delayed 6 hours, 22 minutes, and ended at 11:18 p.m. ET Sunday night.

text:
2015: Jeff Gordon won the pole for the final time, There were two big wrecks during the race, one with 19 laps to go for Justin Allgaier and Ty Dillon, brought out a red flag to ensue cleanup on the track, and one on lap 202 at a scheduled Green–white–checker finish, Joey Logano won his first Daytona 500.
2016: Rookie Chase Elliott started the race from the pole position. Driver Denny Hamlin led 95 laps during the race, and on the last lap, Hamlin passed leader Matt Kenseth. Hamlin would then beat Martin Truex Jr. by 0.010 seconds, which would become the closest finish in the Daytona 500.[15]
2017: Chase Elliott started the race from the pole for the second year in a row, the first stage only had one caution brought out by Corey LaJoie mistiming his pit entry and aborting right at the entrance of pit road almost slamming into Clint Bowyer, Kyle Busch went on the win stage one. The first major crash happened on lap 105 when Kyle Busch's car spun around and collected Erik Jones, Matt Kenseth, Ty Dillon, and Dale Earnhardt Jr.. Kevin Harvick went on to win stage two. The second major crash happened when Jimmie Johnson spun around and collected Trevor Bayne and 14 more cars. with four laps to go Elliott ran out of fuel and gave up the lead to Martin Truex Jr., with two laps to go Truex also ran out of gas and Kyle Larson took the lead but the same fate fell on Larson and Kurt Busch took the lead in Turn 2 on the final lap to win the 59th Daytona 500.
2018: 20 years after Dale Earnhardt Sr. earned his iconic victory at Daytona, Austin Dillon brought Richard Childress's #3 Chevrolet back to Victory Lane. Dillon, Childress's grandson who was photographed next to Earnhardt as a child after the earlier win, led only the final lap, bumping leader Aric Almirola out of the way, sending the latter's Ford into the wall. Also of note, rookie Darrell Wallace Jr. finished in the runner-up spot, barely edging out 2016 winner Denny Hamlin, the highest finish for an African-American driver in the event's history. It was also the final NASCAR race for Danica Patrick, who was collected in a multi-car wreck near the end of the second stage that also ended the days of Chase Elliott, Brad Keselowski, Kevin Harvick, among others.

text: Qualifying procedure[edit]

text: The qualifying procedure is unique for the Daytona 500. Some teams must race their way into the Daytona 500 field. The first row is set by a timed round of qualifying, held one week before the race (prior to 2003, this was two rounds; prior to 2001, it was three). The remainder of the field is set by two separate qualifying races (these were 100 miles (160 km) from 1959 to 1967; 125 miles (201 km) from 1969 to 2004; and 150 miles (240 km) with two lap overtime, if necessary, beginning in 2005 (these races were not held in 1968 due to rain). The top two drivers from the qualifying races who were not in the top 35 in owner points were given spots on the field, and the rest of the field was set by the finishing order of the duels, with guaranteed spots to those in the top 35. The remaining spots, 40 to 43, were filled by top qualifying times of those not already in the field from the qualifying race. If there was a previous NASCAR champion without a spot, he would get one of those four spots, otherwise, the fourth fastest car was added to the field.

text: Prior to 2005 – and beginning again in 2013 – after the top two cars were set, the top fourteen cars in the qualifying races advance to the field, and then between six (1998–2003), eight (1995–97, 2004) or 10 (until 1994) fastest cars which do not advance from the qualifying race are added, then cars in the top 35 in owner points not locked into the race, and then the driver with the championship provisional, except for 1985 when no such car was eligible for a provisional starting spot, the only time that happened in the Daytona 500 from when the provisional was added in 1976 through 2004.

text: Television[edit]

text: The Daytona 500 was the first 500-mile (800 km) auto race to be televised live flag-to-flag on network television when CBS aired it in 1979, continuing to air until 2000.

text: From 2001 to 2006, the race alternated between FOX and NBC under the terms of a six–year, $2.48 billion NASCAR television contract, with FOX broadcasting the Daytona 500 in odd-numbered years (2001, 2003, 2005) and the Pepsi 400 in even-numbered years (2002, 2004, 2006) and NBC broadcasting the opposite race in that year.

text: In 2005, a new television contract was signed, which made FOX the sole broadcaster of the Daytona 500 for eight years, from 2007 to 2014. In 2013, 10 more years were added to the contract, giving FOX every Daytona 500 from 2015 to 2024 as well, for a total of at least 20 Daytona 500s in a row. The installation of the lighting system at Daytona International Speedway in 1998, as well as the implementations of the television packages in 2001 and 2007 respectively, have resulted in the race starting and ending much later than it did in the race's early years. The race started at 12:15 p.m. EST from 1979 until 2000. The start time was moved to 1:00 p.m. Eastern time from 2001 to 2004, 2:30 p.m. in 2005 and 2006 and 3:30 p.m. from 2007 to 2009, all for the convenience of west coast viewers. The 2005 race ended at sunset for the first time in its history, and the 2006 race ended well after sunset.

text: Every Daytona 500 between 2006 and 2010, as well as the 2012 and 2014 races, ended under the lights. The changing track conditions caused by the onset of darkness in the closing laps in these years forced the crew chiefs to predict the critical car setup adjustments needed for their final two pit stops. The 2007 race was the first Daytona 500 to go into prime-time, ending at 7:07 p.m. Eastern time. In 2010, the race moved back to a 1:00 p.m. start time, which should have resulted in it ending in daylight; however, two red flags caused by track surface issues led to long delays that pushed the race to 7:34 p.m. EST, pushing the race into prime-time for the second time. The 2012 race was also scheduled to start at 1:00 p.m. EST on Sunday, February 26, but heavy rain in the area caused the race to be postponed to 7:00 p.m. EST on Monday, February 27, making it the first Daytona 500 to be postponed to a Monday, as well as the first (and only) Daytona 500 to be run as a night race. Due to a two–hour red flag period after a jet dryer fire on the track with 40 laps remaining, the race did not end until about 12:40 a.m. on Tuesday, February 28. The 2013 race marked a return to the race's past tradition of ending in the late afternoon, as it ended at about 4:40 p.m., the race's earliest ending time since 2004. Although the 2014 race started around 1:30 p.m. EST, heavy rain and a tornado warning red–flagged the race after 38 laps and it was delayed for a record six hours and 22 minutes; the race finished the entire 500–mile distance around after 11:00 p.m. the same day, which effectively competed with the time delayed East Coast broadcast of NBC's coverage of the 2014 Winter Olympics closing ceremony, scheduled between 7:00 and 10:30 p.m. The 2015 race started on time around 1:00  p.m., and ended after 203 laps due to a Green–white–checkered finish.

text: The television ratings for the Daytona 500 have surpassed those of the larger Indianapolis 500 (which has much larger physical attendance and international attendance) since 1995, even though the 1995 race was available in far fewer homes than the year before. Then-broadcaster CBS had lost well-established VHF (channels 2–13) affiliates in major markets as a result of the Fox affiliate switches of 1994. As an example, new affiliates WDJT in Milwaukee and WGNX in Atlanta — both cities that are home to NASCAR races — and WWJ in Detroit, close to Michigan International Speedway, were on the UHF band (channels 14–69), meaning that they had a significantly reduced broadcast area compared to former affiliates WITI, WAGA-TV, and WJBK, respectively. WDJT was not available in many Wisconsin markets by the time the Daytona 500 took place.

text: Pole position holders[edit]

text: List of Daytona 500 winners[edit]

text: For NASCAR Grand National winners at Daytona from 1949–1958, see Daytona Beach and Road Course.

text:
Year
Date
No.
Driver
Team
Manufacturer
Distance
Race Time
Average Speed
(mph)
Report

Laps
Miles (Km)

1959
February 22
42
Lee Petty
Petty Enterprises
Oldsmobile
200
500 (804.672)
3:41:22
135.522
Report

1960
February 24
27
Junior Johnson
John Masoni
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
4:00:30
124.74
Report

1961
February 26
20
Marvin Panch
Smokey Yunick
Pontiac
200
500 (804.672)
3:20:32
149.601
Report

1962
February 18
22
Fireball Roberts
Jim Stephens
Pontiac
200
500 (804.672)
3:10:41
157.329
Report

1963
February 24
21
Tiny Lund
Wood Brothers Racing
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
3:17:56
151.566
Report

1964
February 23
43
Richard Petty
Petty Enterprises (2)
Plymouth
200
500 (804.672)
3:14:23
154.334
Report

1965
February 14
28
Fred Lorenzen
Holman Moody
Ford
133*
332.5 (535.106)
2:22:56
141.539
Report

1966
February 27
43
Richard Petty (2)
Petty Enterprises (3)
Plymouth
198*
495 (796.625)
3:04:54
160.927
Report

1967
February 26
11
Mario Andretti†
Holman Moody (2)
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
3:24:11
146.926
Report

1968
February 25
21
Cale Yarborough
Wood Brothers Racing (2)
Mercury
200
500 (804.672)
3:23:44
143.251
Report

1969
February 23
98
LeeRoy Yarbrough
Junior Johnson & Associates
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
3:09:56
157.95
Report

1970
February 22
40
Pete Hamilton
Petty Enterprises (4)
Plymouth
200
500 (804.672)
3:20:32
149.601
Report

1971
February 14
43
Richard Petty (3)
Petty Enterprises (5)
Plymouth
200
500 (804.672)
3:27:40
144.462
Report

1972
February 20
21
A. J. Foyt
Wood Brothers Racing (3)
Mercury
200
500 (804.672)
3:05:42
161.55
Report

1973
February 18
43
Richard Petty (4)
Petty Enterprises (6)
Dodge
200
500 (804.672)
3:10:50
157.205
Report

1974
February 17
43
Richard Petty (5)
Petty Enterprises (7)
Dodge
180*
450 (724.205)
3:11:38
140.894
Report

1975
February 16
72
Benny Parsons
L.G. DeWitt
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:15:15
153.649
Report

1976
February 15
21
David Pearson
Wood Brothers Racing (4)
Mercury
200
500 (804.672)
3:17:08
152.181
Report

1977
February 20
11
Cale Yarborough (2)
Junior Johnson & Associates (2)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:15:48
153.218
Report

1978
February 19
15
Bobby Allison
Bud Moore Engineering
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
3:07:49
159.73
Report

1979
February 18
43
Richard Petty (6)
Petty Enterprises (8)
Oldsmobile
200
500 (804.672)
3:28:22
143.977
Report

1980
February 17
28
Buddy Baker
Ranier-Lundy
Oldsmobile
200
500 (804.672)
2:48:55
177.602‡
Report

1981
February 15
43
Richard Petty (7)
Petty Enterprises (9)
Buick
200
500 (804.672)
2:56:50
169.651
Report

1982
February 14
88
Bobby Allison (2)
DiGard Motorsports
Buick
200
500 (804.672)
3:14:49
153.991
Report

1983
February 20
28
Cale Yarborough (3)
Ranier-Lundy (2)
Pontiac
200
500 (804.672)
3:12:20
155.979
Report

1984
February 19
28
Cale Yarborough (4)
Ranier-Lundy (3)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:18:41
150.994
Report

1985
February 17
9
Bill Elliott
Melling Racing
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
2:54:09
172.265
Report

1986
February 16
5
Geoff Bodine
Hendrick Motorsports
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:22:32
148.124
Report

1987
February 15
9
Bill Elliott (2)
Melling Racing (2)
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
2:50:12
176.263
Report

1988
February 14
12
Bobby Allison (3)
Stavola Brothers Racing
Buick
200
500 (804.672)
3:38:08
137.531
Report

1989
February 19
17
Darrell Waltrip
Hendrick Motorsports (2)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:22:04
148.466
Report

1990
February 18
10
Derrike Cope
Whitcomb Racing
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:00:59
165.761
Report

1991
February 17
4
Ernie Irvan
Morgan–McClure Motorsports
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:22:30
148.148
Report

1992
February 16
28
Davey Allison
Robert Yates Racing
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
3:07:12
160.256
Report

1993
February 14
18
Dale Jarrett
Joe Gibbs Racing
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:13:35
154.972
Report

1994
February 20
4
Sterling Marlin
Morgan–McClure Motorsports (2)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:11:10
156.931
Report

1995
February 19
4
Sterling Marlin (2)
Morgan–McClure Motorsports (3)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:31:42
141.71
Report

1996
February 18
88
Dale Jarrett (2)
Robert Yates Racing (2)
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
3:14:25
154.308
Report

1997
February 16
24
Jeff Gordon
Hendrick Motorsports (3)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:22:18
148.295
Report

1998
February 15
3
Dale Earnhardt
Richard Childress Racing
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
2:53:42
172.712
Report

1999
February 14
24
Jeff Gordon (2)
Hendrick Motorsports (4)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:05:42
161.551
Report

2000
February 20
88
Dale Jarrett (3)
Robert Yates Racing (3)
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
3:12:43
155.669
Report

2001
February 18
15
Michael Waltrip
Dale Earnhardt, Inc.
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:05:26
161.783
Report

2002
February 17
22
Ward Burton
Bill Davis Racing
Dodge
200
500 (804.672)
3:29:50
130.81
Report

2003
February 16
15
Michael Waltrip (2)
Dale Earnhardt, Inc. (2)
Chevrolet
109*
272.5 (438.546)
2:02:08
133.87
Report

2004
February 15
8
Dale Earnhardt Jr.
Dale Earnhardt, Inc. (3)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:11:53
156.341
Report

2005
February 20
24
Jeff Gordon (3)
Hendrick Motorsports (5)
Chevrolet
203*
507.5 (816.742)
3:45:16
135.173
Report

2006
February 19
48
Jimmie Johnson
Hendrick Motorsports (6)
Chevrolet
203*
507.5 (816.742)
3:33:26
142.667
Report

2007
February 18
29
Kevin Harvick
Richard Childress Racing (2)
Chevrolet
202*
505 (812.719)
3:22:55
149.333
Report

2008
February 17
12
Ryan Newman
Penske Racing
Dodge
200
500 (804.672)
3:16:30
152.672
Report

2009
February 15
17
Matt Kenseth
Roush Fenway Racing
Ford
152*
380 (611.551)
2:51:40
132.816
Report

2010
February 14
1
Jamie McMurray
Earnhardt Ganassi Racing
Chevrolet
208*
520 (836.859)
3:47:16
137.284
Report

2011
February 20
21
Trevor Bayne
Wood Brothers Racing (5)
Ford
208*
520 (836.859)
3:59:24
130.326
Report

2012
February 27–28*
17
Matt Kenseth (2)
Roush Fenway Racing (2)
Ford
202*
505 (812.719)
3:36:02
140.256
Report

2013
February 24
48
Jimmie Johnson (2)
Hendrick Motorsports (7)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:08:23
159.25
Report

2014
February 23
88
Dale Earnhardt Jr. (2)
Hendrick Motorsports (8)
Chevrolet
200
500 (804.672)
3:26:29
145.29
Report

2015
February 22
22
Joey Logano
Team Penske (2)
Ford
203*
507.5 (816.742)
3:08:02
161.939
Report

2016
February 21
11
Denny Hamlin
Joe Gibbs Racing (2)
Toyota
200
500 (804.672)
3:10:25
157.549
Report

2017
February 26
41
Kurt Busch
Stewart-Haas Racing
Ford
200
500 (804.672)
3:29:31
143.187
Report

2018
February 18
3
Austin Dillon
Richard Childress Racing (3)
Chevrolet
207*
517.5 (832.835)
3:26:15
150.545
Report

text:
† – Andretti was born in a part of Italy that is now in Croatia, but became a naturalized American citizen. He remains the only foreign-born driver to win the race.
‡ – Record for fastest Daytona 500 at 177.602 mph (285.823 km/h) set by Buddy Baker in 1980.

text: Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Races that have been shortened:

text:
1965: 332.5 miles (133 laps) because of rain.
1966: 495 miles (198 laps) because of rain.
1974: 450 miles (180 laps) Race scheduled for 90% distance in response to the energy crisis; scoring began on lap 21.
2003: 272.5 miles (109 laps) because of rain.
2009: 380 miles (152 laps) because of rain.

text: Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Races that have been extended due to an overtime finish:

text: Note: From 2004 through 2009, only one attempt[clarification needed] was permitted in Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series racing. Starting from 2010 through 2015, a maximum of three attempts are permitted. Beginning in 2016, NASCAR allowed an unlimited attempts to cross an overtime line (which was in the middle of the back stretch) to make it a clean restart. In 2018, the "overtime line" was eliminated and the drivers must complete a full lap prior to another yellow flag coming out. Otherwise the unlimited attempts part of the rule stands.

text:
2005, 2006 and 2015: 507.5 miles (203 laps)
2007 and 2012: 505 miles (202 laps)
2010: 520 miles (208 laps) (two attempts — Lap 203 and Lap 207; This was the first time a NASCAR Cup Series race used the green-white-checker format two times to finish a race)
2011: 520 miles (208 laps); two attempts
2018: 517.5 miles (207 laps)

text: Only one race has been rescheduled from its original date.

text: 2012: Rescheduled from February 26 to February 27 at 12:00 noon and later rescheduled to start at 7:00 PM because of rain. (This marks the first time the Daytona 500 was moved to Monday, and the first night-time Daytona 500 race.)[16]

text: Multiple winners (drivers)[edit]

text:
# Wins
Driver
Years Won

7
Richard Petty
1964, 1966, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1981

4
Cale Yarborough
1968, 1977, 1983, 1984

3
Bobby Allison
1978, 1982, 1988

Dale Jarrett
1993, 1996, 2000

Jeff Gordon
1997, 1999, 2005

2
Bill Elliott
1985, 1987

Sterling Marlin
1994, 1995

Michael Waltrip
2001, 2003

Matt Kenseth
2009, 2012

Jimmie Johnson
2006, 2013

Dale Earnhardt Jr.
2004, 2014

text: Multiple winners (teams)[edit]

text:
# Wins
Team
Years Won

9
Petty Enterprises
1959, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1981

8
Hendrick Motorsports
1986, 1989, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2013, 2014

5
Wood Brothers Racing
1963, 1968, 1972, 1976, 2011

3
Ranier-Lundy
1980, 1983, 1984

Morgan–McClure Motorsports
1991, 1994, 1995

Robert Yates Racing
1992, 1996, 2000

Richard Childress Racing
1998, 2007, 2018

Dale Earnhardt, Inc.
2001, 2003, 2004

2
Holman Moody
1965, 1967

Junior Johnson & Associates
1969, 1977

Melling Racing
1985, 1987

Roush Fenway Racing
2009, 2012

Team Penske
2008, 2015

Joe Gibbs Racing
1993, 2016

text: Manufacturer wins[edit]

text:
# Wins
Manufacturer
Years Won

24
Chevrolet
1960, 1975, 1977, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2018

15
Ford
1963, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1978, 1985, 1987, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017

4
Plymouth
1964, 1966, 1970, 1971

Dodge
1973, 1974, 2002, 2008

3
Mercury
1968, 1972, 1976

Oldsmobile
1959, 1979, 1980

Pontiac
1961, 1962, 1983

Buick
1981, 1982, 1988

1
Toyota
2016

text: In 2018 Darrell Wallace Jr. became the first African American to race in Daytona 500.

text: Race winner records[edit]

text: Consecutive victories[edit]

text:
Two consecutive victories

Richard Petty (1973, 1974)
Cale Yarborough (1983, 1984)
Sterling Marlin (1994, 1995)

text: Winners from the pole position[edit]

text:
1962 – Fireball Roberts (also won the Twin 125s)
1966 – Richard Petty
1968, 1984 – Cale Yarborough (also won the 1984 Twin 125s)
1980 – Buddy Baker
1985, 1987 – Bill Elliott (also the 1985 Twin 125s and 1987 Busch Clash)
1999 – Jeff Gordon
2000 – Dale Jarrett (also won the Clash at Daytona)

text: Family winners[edit]

text:
Petty

Father Lee (1959) and son Richard (1964, 1966, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1981)

Allison

Father Bobby (1978, 1982, 1988) and son Davey (1992)

The 1988 race also saw Bobby and Davey complete the third ever 1st–2nd finish by a father and son in a NASCAR Cup Series race.[citation needed]

Earnhardt

Father Dale (1998) and son Dale Jr. (2004, 2014)

Waltrip

Brothers Darrell (1989) and Michael (2001, 2003)

text: Winners as both driver and owner[edit]

text:
Lee Petty

Owner/driver: 1959

Junior Johnson

Driver: 1960
Owner: 1969, 1977

Richard Petty

Owner/driver: 1964, 1966, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1981
Owner: 1970

Dale Earnhardt

Driver: 1998
Owner: 2001

Jeff Gordon

Driver: 1997, 1999, 2005
Owner: 2006, 2013

text: Won the Daytona 500 and Advance Auto Parts Clash in same year[edit]

text:
1982 – Bobby Allison
1987 – Bill Elliott (also won Daytona 500 pole position)
1996, 2000 – Dale Jarrett (also won Daytona 500 pole position for the latter)
1997 – Jeff Gordon
2016 – Denny Hamlin

text: Won the Daytona 500 and Can-Am Duel in same year[edit]

text:
1962 – Fireball Roberts (also won Daytona 500 pole position)
1977, 1984 – Cale Yarborough (also won Daytona 500 pole position for the latter)
1985 – Bill Elliott (also won Daytona 500 pole position)
1988 – Bobby Allison
1995 – Sterling Marlin
1998 – Dale Earnhardt
2004 – Dale Earnhardt Jr.
2012 – Matt Kenseth

text: Won the Daytona 500 and Brickyard 400 in same year[edit]

text:
1996 – Dale Jarrett
2006 – Jimmie Johnson
2010 – Jamie McMurray

text: Won the Daytona 500 and Coke Zero 400 in same year[edit]

text:
1962 – Fireball Roberts
1968 – Cale Yarborough
1969 – LeeRoy Yarbrough
1982 – Bobby Allison
2013 – Jimmie Johnson

text: Won the Daytona 500 and the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Championship in same year[edit]

text:
1959 – Lee Petty
1964, 1971, 1974, 1979 – Richard Petty
1977 – Cale Yarborough
1997 – Jeff Gordon
2006, 2013 – Jimmie Johnson

text: Drivers whose first NASCAR Cup Series win was the Daytona 500[edit]

text:
1963 – Tiny Lund
1967 – Mario Andretti (Only NASCAR Cup Series win came in the Daytona 500.)
1970 – Pete Hamilton
1990 – Derrike Cope
1994 – Sterling Marlin (Only driver whose first two career victories were the Daytona 500: 1994 & 1995)
2001 – Michael Waltrip (Won the Daytona 500 after 462 races without a win)
2011 – Trevor Bayne (First rookie to win the Daytona 500; won the race in his first Daytona attempt, only his second Cup race ever. Only career victory as of February 2018.)

text: Youngest and oldest winners of the Daytona 500[edit]

text:
Youngest: Trevor Bayne – 2011 (age 20 years, 1 day)
Oldest: Bobby Allison – 1988 (age 50 years, 73 days)


document_title: List of Indian field hockey captains in Olympics

question_text: who captain the indian field hockey team at 2016 rio olympics

root

text: This is a list of all field hockey players who have captained Indian national field hockey team at the international level in Olympics.The list includes all Indian captains of men's since the period of 1928 Olympic in Amsterdam.

tag: p

text:
Name
Year
Rank
Venue
Date

Jaipal Singh Munda
1928
Gold Medal
Amsterdam Olympics
3 January 1903 in Jharkhand
20 March 1970 in Delhi

Lal Shah Bokhari
1932
Gold Medal
Los Angeles Olympics
July 22, 1909
July 22, 1959

Dhyan Chand
1936
Gold Medal
Berlin Olympics
29 August 1905 in Allahabad, UP
3 December 1979 in Delhi

Kishan Lal
1948
Gold Medal
London Olympics
2 February 1917
22 June 1980

K. D. Singh
1952
Gold Medal
Helsinki Olympics
1923 in Barabanki, UP
27 March 1978 in Lucknow

Balbir Singh, Sr.
1956
Gold Medal
Melbourne Olympics
10 October 1924 in Haripur, Punjab
Alive

Leslie Claudius
1960
Silver Medal
Rome Olympics
25 May 1927 in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
Died, 20 December 2012

Charanjit Singh
1964
Gold Medal
Tokyo Olympics
3 February 1931 in Mairi, HP(Punjab)
Alive

Gurbux Singh and Prithipal Singh
1968
Bronze Medal
Mexico City Olympics
11 February 1936 in Peshawar, Pakistan; 28 January 1932 in at Nankana Sahib, Pakistan
Gurbux is Alive, Prithipal Singh is not alive

Harmik Singh
1972
Bronze Medal
Munich Olympics
10 June 1947 in Gujranwala, Punjab

Ajitpal Singh
1976
7th Position
Montreal Olympics
1 April 1947 in Sansarpur, Punjab
Alive

Vasudevan Bhaskaran
1980
Gold Medal
Moscow Olympics
17 August 1950
Alive"

Zafar Iqbal
1984
5th Position
Los Angeles Olympics
12 June 1956
Alive

Sommayya Maneypande
1988
6th Position
Seoul Olympics
1959 in Coorg, Karnataka
Alive

Pargat Singh[1]
1992
7th Position
Barcelona Olympics
5 March 1965 in Mithapur, Punjab
Alive

Pargat Singh[2]
1996
8th Position
Atlanta Olympics
5 March 1965 in Mithapur, Punjab
Alive

Ramandeep Singh[3]
2000
7th Position
Sydney Olympics
8 August 1971 in Chandigarh, Punjab
Alive[4]

Dilip Tirkey
2004
7th Position
Athens Olympics
25 November 1977 in Sundargarh, Orissa
Alive

Bharat Chetri[5]
2012
12th Position
London Olympics
1982 in Kalimpong, West Bengal
Alive

P. R. Sreejesh[6]
2016
8th position
Rio Olympics
5 May 1986 at Kochi, Kerala
Alive

tag: table


document_title: Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain

question_text: who do you play as in metal gear solid v the phantom pain

text: Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain is an action-adventure, stealth game in which players take the role of Punished "Venom" Snake from a third-person perspective in an open world environment.[1] The gameplay elements were largely unchanged from Ground Zeroes, meaning that players will have to sneak from several points in the game world, avoiding enemy guards, and remaining undetected.[2] Included in Snake's repertoire are binoculars, maps, a variety of weapons, explosives, and stealth-based items such as cardboard boxes and decoys.[2][3] Following one of the series traditions, The Phantom Pain encourages players to progress through the game without killing, using non-lethal weapons such as tranquilizer darts to subdue enemies.[4] Players may traverse the game world with vehicles such as jeeps and tanks, in addition to traveling on foot or on horseback, and as certain locations are mountainous,[5] occasionally, players can opt to go rock climbing as a shortcut.[6] They may call for helicopter support against enemy soldiers or request airstrikes that can bomb the target area or change the current weather.[7] Snake can call on AI companions—including Quiet, a silent female sniper with supernatural abilities; D-Horse, a horse with a customizable saddle for carrying more equipment in the field; D-Walker, a manned, highly agile mobile weapons platform that can provide heavy weapons support; and D-Dog, a wolf pup raised and trained on the new Mother Base to assist him in the field.[8] The companions' abilities and their effectiveness will depend on the player's relationship with them.[7] There is a large emphasis based on tactics in The Phantom Pain.[9]

text: As in Peace Walker, The Phantom Pain features a base-building system that allows players to develop weapons and items from their home base.[10] Recruitment of enemy soldiers and prisoners has also returned for this purpose, allowing the base to grow through organization. The player is given the option to access their base from their real-life smartphones and other devices via a companion app.[11] Unlike in Peace Walker where players can only see Mother Base from the air, they can control Snake as he explores the complex on foot. The Fulton surface-to-air recovery system, an item introduced into gameplay in Peace Walker, returns as well, with players able to transport captured soldiers and other objects such as animals and vehicles back to Mother Base.[12] Money for upgrading Mother Base's defenses and technology can be collected from objects found all over the map, such as diamonds, shipping containers, and special blueprint boxes,[13] as well as sending recruited soldiers on combat missions around the world. The income is invested in upgrades to the appearance and abilities, weapons and equipment of Snake, his AI companions, and vehicles. For example, Snake's prosthetic arm can be modified with a taser, echolocation function, or remote controls that allow it to fly as a drone.[14][15]

text: The enemy AI has improved in terms of situational awareness. If players frequently use particular weapons or tactics to subdue enemy soldiers, repeats of the mission will see the enemy increase in numbers and be outfitted with better equipment; for example, the frequent use of headshots will see enemy soldiers don metal helmets to make targeting the head harder.[16]

text: The game has a dynamic weather system and day-night cycle that runs in real-time.[17] The cycle is able to be fast-forwarded when Snake lights a "Phantom Cigar", a type of electronic cigar; a digital silver Seiko watch panel appears on screen to denote time.[18] The passage of time enables players to analyze the movement of marked enemy forces in the area, such as shifts in sentry patrols and individual patrol routes. Weather effects, such as sandstorms and rain, affects the gameplay environment by reducing visibility or masking the sound of footsteps.[19]

text: A game design direction allows the player to choose in what order the story events take place by selecting missions in any order they like, and yet still "understand the encompassing message by the end".[20][21]

text: Kojima spoke about the restrictive nature of previous Metal Gear Solid titles, saying that they "set [the player] on one rail to get from point A to point B, with a certain amount of freedom between". In stark contrast, The Phantom Pain offers players new ways of traversal and sneaking methods, such as taking a motorcycle, plane or helicopter to the mission area (however, usage of the former two vehicles was later dropped during development). Players are able to traverse the game world or deploy directly to landing zones that allow for different approaches. A video published after the E3 2015 convention showcased this, with the same mission played four times in a number of different ways: with the player opting for stealth, launching a direct assault via helicopter gunship, attempting to assassinate a target with a sniper rifle, and smuggling an explosive device into an enemy base by way of an unsuspecting patrol vehicle crew.[22] The player's actions affect the wider game world; for example, sabotaging a radar installation will open up new entry points, which was in order for Kojima to accomplish a "true open world experience".[23] According to Famitsu, Konami confirmed that the playable world in The Phantom Pain is two hundred times larger than that of Ground Zeroes, featuring a variety of climate conditions and environments.[24] This allows the players to freely roam the map while proceeding to either story missions or sidequests, as in other games with nonlinear gameplay. In addition, players who have previously played Ground Zeroes are able to import save data into The Phantom Pain and gain special perks.[24]

text: Multiplayer[edit]

text: Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain includes two multiplayer modes: first, the new Metal Gear Online, developed by Kojima Productions' newly formed Los Angeles division (now known as Konami Los Angeles Studio).[25] The first footage for multiplayer was revealed in December 2014.[26][27] While originally set for launch alongside the release of The Phantom Pain, Metal Gear Online was postponed to October 6 for consoles and January 2016 for Microsoft Windows.[28]

text: The second multiplayer mode is an extension of the Mother Base base-building feature. Players are able to expand their operations to include "Forward Operating Bases" which can be used to generate resources and income for the single-player campaign.[29] These facilities can be attacked by other players, making a player-versus-player mode available whereby the attacking team attempts to steal resources and/or soldiers and the defending team tries to protect the Forward Operating Base from the intruder. Defenders will be able to call on their friends to aid in the defense, especially if their Forward Operating Base is attacked during a story mission.[30] Players are able to customize the security, staffing, and layout of their Forward Operating Bases, allowing for a large number of compound configurations. Following the success or failure of the intrusion, the location of the attacking player's Forward Operating Base is revealed to the defending player;[31] however, defending players can only launch a retaliatory strike if the attacker was discovered during their infiltration. The Forward Operating Base feature is intended to be an entirely separate multiplayer experience to Metal Gear Online[29] and is also needed to increase the number of combat units the player can deploy.

text: During development, Kojima Productions and Konami attracted criticism for their decision to include microtransactions; a system that allows players to pay for access to content in the game. However, a spokesperson for Kojima Productions confirmed that the system was included to benefit players who may not have the time to complete the game, given its scale, and that no content would be available exclusively through microtransactions.[32] Further controversy emerged following the publication of an early review claiming that the Forward Operating Base mode was behind a paywall,[33] which Konami refuted saying that microtransactions acted as an accelerator rather than a paywall.[34]

text: Plot[edit]

text:
Metal Gear fictional chronology
1964 – Snake Eater
1970 – Portable Ops
1974 – Peace Walker
1975 – Ground Zeroes
1984 – The Phantom Pain
1995 – Metal Gear
1999 – Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
2005 – Metal Gear Solid (The Twin Snakes)
2007/09 – Sons of Liberty
2014 – Guns of the Patriots
2018 – Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance
vte

text: Premise[edit]

text: In the aftermath of the events of Ground Zeroes and the destruction of Militaires Sans Frontières (commonly abbreviated as MSF), Big Boss (Kiefer Sutherland/Akio Ōtsuka) falls into a coma.[35] Nine years later, he awakens and helps lead a new mercenary group, Diamond Dogs.[36] Adopting the codename "Venom Snake", he ventures into Afghanistan during the Soviet-Afghan War and the Angola—Zaire border region during the Angolan Civil War to track down the men responsible for MSF's destruction. Along the way, he becomes reacquainted with his former rival Ocelot (Troy Baker/Satoshi Mikami) and encounters Quiet (Stefanie Joosten), an assassin and sniper with supernatural abilities. While he and Kazuhira Miller (Robin Atkin Downes/Tomokazu Sugita) are initially driven to exact revenge, Snake soon unearths a plot by the Patriots organization to develop a new model of the Metal Gear system known as the ST-84 "Sahelanthropus".[37]

text: Characters[edit]

text: In contrast to previous Metal Gear installments, Kojima Productions conducted the voice acting and motion capture with English-speaking actors and stuntmen first. While facial capturing was used before for Metal Gear Solid 4, it was done separately from the actual voice acting. The Japanese voice acting was dubbed over the English cast's performance afterward, in contrast to previous releases in the series since Metal Gear Solid 2, which had the characters' vocal and facial expressions lip-synched specifically to both, Japanese and English voice acting.

text:
"This time, Snake won't really speak much at all. Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain is an open world game focused on giving freedom to the player who will drive Snake's actions. Snake himself will be more of a silent protagonist similar to Mad Max in Mad Max 2. It's the characters around him who will expand the story."
Hideo Kojima[38]

tag: div

text: At E3 2013, Konami confirmed that actor Kiefer Sutherland would provide Snake's voice and motion capture work for the game,[39][40][41] taking a role over voice actor David Hayter.[42] Kojima's reason for replacing Hayter was to "have a more subdued performance expressed through subtle facial movements and tone of voice rather than words", and that he "needed someone who could genuinely convey both the facial and vocal qualities of a man in his late 40s". Hollywood producer and director Avi Arad suggested to Kojima that Sutherland could fulfill his requirements.[43][44][45] Akio Ōtsuka was unaffected by this casting change and continued to voice Snake in the Japanese version.[46] On March 4, 2015, Kojima revealed that Snake would have less dialogue in The Phantom Pain than previous installments. The reasoning behind it was to make Snake come across as an extension to the player and that he "will act based on [player's actions] rather than doing things like making spontaneous comments or flirting with women."[38]

text: Other members of the voice cast include Troy Baker as Ocelot,[47] Jay Tavare as Code Talker,[48] James Horan as Skull Face, Robin Atkin Downes as Kazuhira Miller, Christopher Randolph as Dr. Emmerich[49] and Piers Stubbs as Eli. The Japanese dub features Tomokazu Sugita as Miller, Hideyuki Tanaka as Emmerich, Takaya Hashi as Skull Face, Satoshi Mikami as Ocelot, Osamu Saka (whose previous roles include Sergei Gurlukovich in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty and The End in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater) as Code Talker,[50][51] and Yūtarō Honjō as Eli.[52] Dutch-born model Stefanie Joosten provides the likeness, voice and motion capture for the new heroine Quiet,[50] a mute sniper with supernatural abilities who may assist Snake on missions depending on the player's actions during a certain mission.[53] She also provides the vocals for "Quiet's Theme".

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: In 1984, nine years after the events of Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes, Big Boss awakens from a coma in a hospital in Cyprus. Quiet, a Cipher assassin, tries to kill him, but Big Boss is rescued by a heavily bandaged man called Ishmael. The pair escapes the hospital while evading pursuit from Cipher's soldiers and two superhumans, Tretij Rebenok, the "Third Child" and the "Man on Fire". Although Big Boss loses sight of Ishmael, he is recovered by his ally Revolver Ocelot and brought aboard Diamond Dogs, a new mercenary group founded by Kazuhira Miller on an offshore platform near Seychelles.

text: Big Boss adopts the code name "Venom Snake" and begins searching for Cipher. During his journey, Snake becomes involved in the Soviet-Afghan and the Angolan Civil Wars, and he recruits Quiet, who no longer speaks and has gained superhuman abilities; scientist Dr. Huey Emmerich; Eli, a British child believed to be a clone of Snake, who leads a band of child soldiers; and Code Talker, a Navajo expert on parasites forced to work for Cipher.

text: Snake learns that Cipher's leader Major Zero was usurped and XOF, a rogue faction of Cipher, was responsible for destroying MSF. XOF's leader Skull Face considers Cipher's plan to unite the world for peace as the same as making it culturally American, obliterating other cultures. To avoid this, he intends to release a unique parasite that kills anyone who speaks English. A modified parasite was used to give Quiet and Skull Face's elite soldiers, the Skulls, their unusual abilities. After releasing the English strain parasite, Skull Face plans to make nuclear weapons available to as many groups as he can, believing that nuclear deterrence will stop the weapons actually being used, attaining world peace while still protecting the integrity of each culture. However, he will secretly retain remote control of the weapons. Skull Face intends to use the threat of the latest Metal Gear system, known as ST-84 "Sahelanthropus", to make nuclear weapons desirable again, but as he cannot get it to function, he is dependent on the Third Child's psychic abilities to manipulate it.

text: During a test, the Third Child turns against Skull Face, having Sahelanthropus seriously wound him and crush the Man on Fire. Although Snake defeats the Metal Gear, he is only able to recover one of Skull Face's three parasite vials; one goes missing and the other is taken by the Third Child and given to Eli. Skull Face is left to die by Snake and Miller but Huey executes him. The Diamond Dogs return to their base with Sahelanthropus. Following their return, Eli, the Third Child, and the child soldiers steal Sahelanthropus and flee the base. It transpires that the Third Child was not consciously working for Skull Face, but his psychic powers enthralled him to the will of the most vengeful person nearby, meaning Sahelanthropus's attack was instigated by Eli.

text: An epidemic of parasites occurs on base forcing Snake to personally kill many of his own men to contain it. To honor them, he has their cremated remains turned into diamonds to carry into battle. Huey is accused of causing the epidemic while attempting to mutate the parasites to sell as weapons. Alongside suspicion of his role in MSF's destruction, and evidence that he murdered his wife Dr. Strangelove while arguing over using their son in experiments, Snake exiles him from Diamond Dogs. Following this event, Quiet disappears in Afghanistan. Code Talker reveals that Quiet was infected with the English strain parasite with the intention of joining Diamond Dogs in order to spread it, but her allegiance shifted to Snake and so she remained silent to prevent an outbreak. Huey's mutation of the parasite convinced Quiet that she could not guarantee the safety of Diamond Dogs. Snake finds her and helps her fight an onslaught of vehicles. They defeat the wave but as another one approaches they are forced to hide in a sandstorm. She is then forced to speak to summon help when Snake is bitten by a venomous snake. Quiet flees to avoid causing another epidemic.

text: It is later revealed that Venom Snake is not actually Big Boss but a loyal MSF medic caught in the same explosion that injured the real Big Boss, Ishmael. During his coma, the medic was transformed into a second Big Boss via plastic surgery and hypnotherapy to serve as a decoy for the actual Big Boss while he wages a covert war against Cipher. Snake goes on to set the events of the Outer Heaven uprising in motion and dies at the hands of Solid Snake. The original Big Boss resurfaces during the Zanzibar Land disturbance. Miller and Ocelot discuss Big Boss' plans to create Outer Heaven. While Ocelot remains supportive, Miller is disgusted at his former ally's deception but agrees to continue assisting Venom Snake and Big Boss's sons in hopes of contributing to the real Big Boss's downfall.

text: Development[edit]

text: In February 2012, a site owned by Konami, "Development Without Borders", promoted development for a new Metal Gear title, for "The "next" MGS". The site was recruiting staff for the 2012 GDC pavilion in March, and requested applications for several positions for the latest Metal Gear Solid targeted for "high-end consoles" and "next-gen Fox engine".[54][55] As the year went on, screenshots and videos of the newly announced Fox Engine were unveiled by the team.[56] This media demonstrated many random settings and characters, although none related to the Metal Gear series. Certain screenshots, however, were noted to feature a character who resembled the Big Boss character of Metal Gear, walking up to a Stryker AFV previously seen in Metal Gear Solid 4.[57]

text: Konami unveiled Metal Gear Solid: Ground Zeroes at a private function celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Metal Gear series on August 30, 2012. The game later made its public debut two days later at the 2012 Penny Arcade Expo.[58] Kojima revealed very little detail about the project at the time other than it was a prologue to Metal Gear Solid V,[59] and that it would be the first game to use the Fox Engine, a game engine developed by Kojima Productions.[60] In January 2013, Kojima revealed that Ground Zeroes would be the first title in the series to be subtitled in Arabic, a feature the team had planned for previous games.[61] He also confirmed that the length of the cutscenes was reduced, as he believed that long cutscenes had become outdated.[20][62]

text: In an interview with VG247, Kojima expressed concerns over whether or not Ground Zeroes would be released. He claimed that his aim was to target taboos and mature themes, which he considered to be "quite risky", adding that his roles as creator and producer were in conflict with one another; as creator, Kojima wanted to take the risk of exploring themes that might alienate audiences, but as producer, he had to be able to tone down the content in order to sell as many copies of the game as possible. Ultimately, the role of creator won out, and Kojima described his approach as "prioritizing creativity over sales".[63][64][65]

text: At the Spike Video Game Awards in December 2012, a teaser trailer for a game known as The Phantom Pain was shown, credited to a new Swedish developer known as Moby Dick Studio, and was described as being "100% gameplay". Allegedly led by Joakim Mogren, the studio's mission statement read that it aimed to "deliver an uncompromising, exciting, and touching game experience to people all around the globe."[66] After the presentation, commentators speculated that The Phantom Pain was actually a Metal Gear game, noting the protagonist's resemblance to Big Boss, graphics similar to those produced by the Fox Engine, the quote "V has come to" at the end of the trailer, and that the title Metal Gear Solid V fits in the negative space and indentations of the game's logo when using the same font.[67][68] The name "Joakim" was an anagram of "Kojima", the domain name for the studio's website had only been registered about two weeks prior to the announcement, and that several people wearing Moby Dick Studio shirts were sitting in a VIP area intended for Konami staff.[67][69] Hideo Kojima stated he was impressed by the trailer and how Mogren was inspired by Metal Gear.[70]

text: An actor playing a heavily bandaged Mogren appeared in an interview on the March 14, 2013 episode of GameTrailers TV; while stating that he could not reveal many details, he confirmed that more details about The Phantom Pain would be revealed at the upcoming Game Developers Conference, and showed a series of screenshots on an iPad to the show's host Geoff Keighley. After Keighley pointed out the Fox Engine logo in the screenshots, Mogren appeared nervous and the segment abruptly ended.[71]

text: On March 27, 2013, at GDC 2013, Kojima confirmed that his studio was behind the trailer, and announced that Metal Gear Solid V would be two separate games; Ground Zeroes would now serve as a prologue for the main game, which was officially announced as Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.[72][73] He subsequently presented a trailer for the game and showcased the Fox Engine.[74] The trailer featured the song "Not Your Kind of People" from Garbage's 2012 album of the same name.[75][76]

text: While the official trailer announcing the game was running on a PC, the game was released for the seventh and eighth generations of video game consoles. In an interview during E3 2013, when asked about a PC release Kojima stated "We are making it, and it will be on par with the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions."[77] However, he made it clear that the PC port was not their priority.[78] Kojima confirmed that the visuals seen in the trailer would look close to those in the final game. He also stated that he would like Metal Gear Solid V to be his final Metal Gear game, noting that unlike previous titles where he had announced that he had finished making games in the series, only to return for subsequent games, his involvement with the franchise would be over this time around. Although the trailer had Snake suffering from hallucinations in the form of a flaming whale, Kojima assured that there would be a balance in realism.[79] Kojima later revealed that The Phantom Pain was initially presented as an independent game so as to assess the public and industry response to the Fox Engine, as he felt that announcing the game as part of Metal Gear Solid V would bias reactions to the engine.

text: On June 10, 2013, at E3 2013, a fourth trailer was shown at the Microsoft press conference, demonstrating the new play mechanics, as well as the cast of characters. The development of an Xbox One version was also announced at the conference.[80]  The PlayStation 4 version was announced the following day when Konami uploaded the red band version of the trailer on their YouTube channel in addition to the standard green band version.[81][82]

text: The trailers for Metal Gear Solid V showed the game running on a PC hardware, but according to Kojima with textures and character models somewhat based on seventh generation hardware. The developers aimed to improve the technical quality for the versions released for the eighth generation of consoles.[83]

text: Kojima alluded to the game possibly being "too big to clear", adding that the game is "200 [times larger] than Ground Zeroes".[84] Kojima wanted the player to connect with Snake in The Phantom Pain. To accomplish this, the loss of Mother Base, which the player developed throughout Peace Walker, would serve as motivation for revenge for both Snake and the player. Kojima also tried making Snake relatable to newcomers of the series by making him unaware of what happened in the nine years during which he was in a coma.[85] Weapons, vehicles and other armaments are unlicensed and fictional in The Phantom Pain, just as they were in Ground Zeroes, unlike previous Metal Gear Solid games that included mostly real-world based weaponry.

text: On June 9, 2014, at E3 2014, a fifth cinematic trailer featuring Mike Oldfield's song "Nuclear" was shown at the Sony press conference, unveiling more plot details surrounding the Diamond Dogs and Snake's antagonistic descent. It was leaked a day earlier, due to an accidental post from Konami's official YouTube channel.[86] Alongside the new trailer, the official site for Metal Gear Solid V was updated and included new information and images such as the developmental progress of the in-game map and the evolution of Snake's design across all games in the series.[87] On August 25, 2015, Kojima released a launch trailer showing "Metal Gear's Evolution and Harmony" with clips from the previous games along with the reveal of the new "Metal Gear Sahelanthropus".

text: Over $80 million was spent on the development of the game.[88]

text: Music[edit]

text: The music of The Phantom Pain was produced by Harry Gregson-Williams, making it his fourth Metal Gear title. It was released on September 2, 2015. In July 2015, Rika Muranaka told Fragged Nation in an interview that over 30 commissioned songs were never used, thus playing part in Konami's budget concerns over the Metal Gear Solid V project.[89] In the game, players can acquire cassette tapes in the field, which can then be played in free-roam, during a mission, the Airborne Command Center, or when the helicopter inserts or extracts Snake. The tapes include a variety of pop songs, instrumentals, and theme music from previous games in the Metal Gear series.

text: The game's soundtrack later won the award for Best Score/Soundtrack at The Game Awards 2015.[90] The event also had Stefanie Joosten, Quiet's voice actress, on stage performing "Quiet's Theme".

text: Dispute between Konami and Kojima[edit]

text: In March 2015, Konami announced plans for a corporate restructuring that saw them part ways with Hideo Kojima and his development studio Kojima Productions. As part of the separation, Kojima's name was removed from the game cover, all of its associated paraphernalia and future releases of Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes and Metal Gear Solid: The Legacy Collection.[91][c] A Konami spokesperson stated that Kojima would still be involved with Konami and the Metal Gear franchise,[27] and despite the dispute, the company expressed confidence that the game would be declared Game of the Year.[92]

text: Release[edit]

text: Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain was released in different editions. Special Day One editions of the game for each platform featured downloadable content (DLC) vouchers for special weapons and Metal Gear Online experience points. The North American Collector's Edition (which was available for PS4 and Xbox One) comes with a steelbook and a small-size replica of Snake's bionic arm; the Premium Package for the Japanese release (which was available for PS4, PS3, and Xbox One) features a full-size replica, which was also sold separately in May 2016.[93] Sony released a PlayStation 4 bundle with the unit painted in the colors of the arm.

text: The physical PC release of The Phantom Pain only includes a CD key and a disc with a Steam installer contained within. Game files are not included on-disc and must be downloaded.[94][95]

text: Tie-in products were also released for the game. Sony Mobile Communications released special edition Walkman, Xperia Z4, Xperia Z3 Tablet Compact, and Xperia J Compact devices, each featuring Outer Heaven emblems, soundtrack audio, and wallpapers.[96] Watch manufacturer Seiko released a digital watch, resembling Venom Snake's watch from the game. Eyeglasses maker JF Rey produced themed eyewear patterned after what Kaz and Ocelot are wearing in the game. Japanese toy company Sentinel, which previously made an iDroid casing for the iPhone 5 and 5S, produced a transformable figure of the Sahelanthropus,[97] while Kotobukiya readied a 1/100 scale kit of the unit. Sports apparel company Puma joined the project through a line of sports jackets, T-shirts, and footwear, including Snake's sneaking boots.[98][99]

text: Square Enix's PlayArts Kai figure line featured several of the game's characters, while Kaiyodo produced Venom Snake and a Soviet Army soldier for the RevoMini figure category. An art book, titled The Art of Metal Gear Solid V, was published by Dark Horse Comics on November 2, 2016.[100]

text: A complete edition of the game, titled Metal Gear Solid V: The Definitive Experience,[d] was released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Steam on October 11 in North America, October 13 in Europe, and November 10 in Japan. The bundle includes the Ground Zeroes prologue and The Phantom Pain in one package, along with all previously released downloadable content for both games.[101]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: ReceptionAggregate scoreAggregatorScoreMetacritic(XONE) 95/100[102](PS4) 93/100[103](PC) 91/100[104]Review scoresPublicationScoreDestructoid9/10[105]EGM9.5/10[106]Eurogamer9/10[107][108]  [109]Famitsu40/40[110]Game Informer9.25/10[113]Game Revolution[111]GameSpot10/10[33]GamesTM10/10[114]Giant Bomb[112]IGN10/10[115]OXM (UK)10/10[116]PC Gamer (US)93/100[117]Polygon9/10[118]Digital Spy[119]Metro9/10[120]PlayStation LifeStyle10/10[121]The Guardian[122]The Independent[123]The Daily Telegraph[124]Time[125]

text: Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain received "universal acclaim" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic.[102][103][104]

text: Vince Ingenito of IGN awarded the game a score of 10/10, complimenting the way the gameplay mechanics worked together and the organic nature of the open-ended missions that allowed players to create their own memorable experiences, without being punished for deviating from stealth. The review concluded that The Phantom Pain is "a gameplay marvel, rewarding intelligence and creativity in a way few games do."[115] GameSpot also gave the game a 10/10, similarly praising its "near impeccable" gameplay, commenting that, alongside main and side missions, "emergent scenarios serve as the third pillar of The Phantom Pain's open-world gameplay experience". The review also highlighted the meaningful development of the characters despite being beholden to the original Metal Gear as the conclusion of Venom Snake's character arc.[33] The Phantom Pain was the twenty-third game—and the third in the Metal Gear series—to ever receive a perfect 40/40 review rating from Japanese magazine Famitsu.[110]

text: EGM awarded the game 9.5/10, praising the story's emotional power and thematic concerns exploring the futility of war in a much more compelling and cohesive way than other franchises such as Call of Duty and Battlefield, as well as the way in which the game world responded to the player's actions. However, the review was critical of the reliance on resource management, particularly in the way assaults on Forward Operating Bases could interrupt and distract from key missions.[106] Destructoid awarded it a score of 9/10, saying that the game is "equal parts tough and flashy, and it's fitting that if this is Kojima's last Metal Gear, he goes on a high note."[105]

text: Game Informer's Joe Juba awarded the game 9.25/10, praising the mission design for its flexibility and offering players multiple pathways to completion without restricting their choice of weapons or equipment. However, despite seeing the value in restructuring the narrative to compliment the open world platform and the episodic mission structure given the series' complex mythology, Juba felt that this went too far with the result being that the player could stumble into crucial story elements without context.[113] Polygon's Michael McWhertor also awarded the game 9/10, similarly praising the game mechanics, but directing criticism at the convoluted storyline which it felt hinged on a detailed knowledge of the series' mythos to the point where it would be inaccessible to newcomers to the franchise.[118]

text: The Phantom Pain was also positively received outside the traditional gaming media. In a five-star review, The Telegraph's Kirk McKeand stated that the game "takes the best of a great series and creates a series' best in the process". The review complimented the seamless integration of the gameplay modes and noted the way the game's Mother Base mode offered satisfactory and meaningful progress,[124] a sentiment echoed by Time's Matt Peckham,[125] who also complimented the game's longevity, pacing and artificial intelligence.[126]

text: While much of The Phantom Pain received plaudits, the game was criticized by some reviewers who felt it was lacking in terms of a focused and compelling narrative with interesting characters, especially when compared to prior Metal Gear titles. Ingenito opined that its story would be divisive for long-term fans, calling it "insubstantial and underdeveloped", with plot-related questions generally being answered in a "rushed and unsatisfying" way and a tendency for the game to gloss over its subject matter. He wrote how much of the characterization and memorable moments seen in previous titles had been replaced with individuals doing little more than appearing in scenes, giving information and then standing around. In addition, he called out the frequent lack of communication from Kiefer Sutherland as Venom Snake throughout important plot sections as "positively jarring".[115] Kotaku's Jason Schreier argued that the story was "damn unfulfilling", having "terrible" pacing, "incoherent" dialogue, and "incomprehensible" character motivations. He echoed Ingenito's view of Snake, calling him in cutscenes "nearly silent to the point of awkwardness ... where his response to emotional events will often just be to look at people."[127] David Roberts, writing for GamesRadar, described the story as "unconventional" and full of "loosely connected scenes", saying "a whole lot of nothing happens in between quick bursts of exposition". He praised Kiefer Sutherland as Snake, but criticized Skullface as being greatly undeveloped as a villain and being met with "one of the most anti-climactic showdowns in video game history". Roberts also wrote how the story "drifts along aimlessly" in the second half and which ultimately felt "hollow" from not giving closure to the end reveal that the player is not controlling Big Boss.[128] The Phantom Pain was also criticized for forcing players to replay missions on higher difficulty settings to unlock the final missions,[33][105][115] with Schreier saying that it added unnecessary padding to a section of plot conveying the game's most emotional events.[127]

text: Portrayal of Quiet[edit]

text: Before the release of the game, the presentation of the female character Quiet became a topic of controversy concerning her appearance. Halo designer David Ellis criticized her for being oversexualized and a negative affirmation of the stereotype of the game industry as "full of man babies".[129][130][131] Kojima and Konami released Quiet figurines in May 2015 as part of the game's promotion. The figure's soft, pliable breasts were criticized in social media and in the press.[132][133][134]

text: The finished game drew more criticism of Quiet's portrayal in both reviews and opinion pieces.[135][136] GamesRadar's David Roberts described Quiet as "one of the most complex and conflicted characters in MGS5", but that her depiction was an example of a "juvenile approach to sexuality" that typifies Kojima's work and the Metal Gear series as a whole.[137] Michael McWhertor of Polygon described the justification for Quiet's lack of clothing as "inextricably tied to the game's convoluted story", and criticized how the game presented other female characters by "zeroing in on their jiggling breasts and panning across their asses in a silly, oversexualized way."[118]

text: Removed content[edit]

text: Following the release of the game, those who had bought the Collector's Edition discovered that the bonus disc included cutscenes and concept art of an in-game mission, "Episode 51: Kingdom of the Flies", that continued on from the end of the campaign, having not been included in the game. The story ending was criticised for feeling abrupt and leaving several plot points unresolved, and critics found that the removed mission tied up one such important plot thread whilst also providing closure to the relationship between two of the characters. Consequently, many agreed that the inclusion of Episode 51 would have given the game a more satisfactory conclusion.[138][139][140][128]

text: Another large criticism of the story was the decision to force players to replay past missions to progress through its second half,[33][105][115][127][128] with one theory being that original content had been envisioned but which had not been incorporated into the finished game due to time constraints, resulting in the re-used sections.[141][142] This assumption was supported by further evidence of removed content: not long after the discovery of Chapter 51, users of the Facepunch forums who had been extracting data from the PC version of the game's files found evidence of a third story chapter, titled "Chapter 3: Peace", that was not included in the final version of the game.[143][144] Konami later neither confirmed nor denied that Chapter 3 had been fully cut from the main game.[145] Metal Gear Solid community manager Robert Allen Peeler was asked via Twitter if any upcoming downloadable content would be released for The Phantom Pain, in the hope that the story content would be included, but this was refuted.[146] Many fans also believed that, due to the chapter's title, it was somehow linked to Konami's "Nuclear Disarmament Event" which was opened shortly after launch with the goal of revealing a secret in the game, and which would close once all in-game nuclear weapons that had been manufactured by players were disposed of.[147] Data miners had uncovered a related cutscene within the game's files that would be released once the event had finished,[148] however speculation still spread that Chapter 3 was connected in some way. Robert Allen Peeler discussed player's suspicions via Twitter and Reddit and did not deny that further events may occur once the disarmament had concluded.[149][150] On February 2, 2018, the Nuclear Disarmament Event ending was triggered prematurely on the Steam version of the game, despite there still being over 9000 player nukes in existence at the time, resulting in the release of the previously-uncovered cutscene.[151][152] After investigation, Konami announced that this was the result of a technical error owing to the game's servers being sent incorrect values.[153]

text: Critics attributed the missing content to the disclosed tensions between Konami and Kojima during development, the general consensus being that Konami had given strict deadlines for the game's release, having been dissatisfied with how much money Kojima had spent on development.[141][154][127][155][156] Data miners also uncovered numerous other examples of lesser content that had not been included in the game, ranging from gameplay features to cutscenes, but what precisely had been removed as a result of the Konami-Kojima conflict, and what had simply been abandoned earlier in development out of choice, was open to discussion.[157][158][159] Regardless, due to the removed story content and subsequent narrative flaws, the game was labeled by some critics as being unfinished.[141][127][160][161][162] Conversely, GamesRadar argued that the game's incomplete state was deliberate on Kojima's part.[163] Speaking to IGN, Kojima himself seemingly alluded to the fact that he considered the game unfinished when stating that the new intellectual property he was developing since leaving Konami (later revealed as Death Stranding) would be "a complete game".[164]

text: After the announcement of Metal Gear Solid V: The Definitive Experience, which would include all previously released downloadable content, several fans took this as an opportunity to voice their concerns via Twitter about the missing content that had been uncovered, particularly with regards to Episode 51. Konami responded that Episode 51 had been removed in the early development stages of the game as it had not been intended to be a pivotal ending to the story and that there were no future plans to have the mission available to play.[165]

text: Sales[edit]

text: Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain shipped 3 million physical copies within its first five days of release, across all platforms.[166] On its release date, the game grossed US$179 million.[167] The Phantom Pain debuted at number one on the United Kingdom charts. So far, it is the third biggest video game launch of 2015 in the UK, behind Batman: Arkham Knight and The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.[168] The Phantom Pain was the most successful launch for the series in the UK, beating the previous record holder, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, by 37 percent.[168] The game sold 411,199 physical retail copies on PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 within the first week of release in Japan, topping the Japanese software sales charts that week.[169]

text: The game sold noticeably more on the PlayStation family of consoles than the competing Xbox in the UK. Excluding computer sales, The Phantom Pain moved approximately 72 percent of copies on PlayStation 4, roughly three times the amount sold on the Xbox One, which accounted for 22 percent of sales. 3 percent of sales were on PlayStation 3, and 2 percent on Xbox 360.[170] By the end of September 2015, Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain had shipped 5 million copies.[171] By the end of December 2015, the game had shipped 6 million copies.[172]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Category

Result

Golden Joystick Awards

Ultimate Game of the Year

Nominated

Critic's Choice

Won

Metacritic

Best PS4 Game of 2015

Won

Best Xbox One Game of 2015

Won

Best PC Game of 2015

Nominated

Hobby Consolas

Game of the Year[173]

Won

Panorama

Game of the Year[174]

Won

PC Gamer

Game of the Year[175]

Won

Game Revolution

Game of the Year[176]

Won

GamesRadar

Game of the Year[177]

Won

Game-Debate Global Game Awards

Game of the Year[178]

Nominated

Best Action[179]

Won

The Game Awards 2015[90]

Best Action/Adventure

Won

Best Score/Soundtrack

Won

Game of the Year

Nominated

Best Art Direction

Nominated

2015 NAVGTR Awards[180]

Game, Franchise Action

Won

Graphics, Technical

Nominated

Original Dramatic Score, Franchise

Nominated

Animation, Technical

Nominated

Control Design, 3D

Nominated

Direction in a Game Cinema

Nominated

Game Design, Franchise

Nominated

Game Engineering

Nominated

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Credited to Konami Digital Entertainment.

Jump up ^ Known in Japan as Metaru Gia Soriddo Faibu Fantomu Pein (メタルギアソリッドV ファントムペイン, "Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain")

Jump up ^ Gameplay videos have shown Kojima's name included within the game itself, with individual credits sequences for each mission.

Jump up ^ or Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes + The Phantom Pain in Japan

tag: ol


document_title: List of World Series of Poker Main Event champions

question_text: google who won the world series of poker

text: Milestones[edit]

text: Johnny Moss was the first person to win the WSOP.  Since then only Moss and Stu Ungar have won the Main Event three times; Ungar is the only one to have won three times in the freeze-out format. Moss, Ungar, Doyle Brunson and Johnny Chan are the only people who have won the Main Event two years in a row.  Johnny Chan's second victory in 1988 was featured on the 1998 film Rounders.[4] Peter Eastgate was the youngest person to win the Main Event when he won it in 2008, at 22 years of age.[5]  He held that record for one year, when 21-year-old Joe Cada became the youngest Main Event champion.

text: World Series of Poker Main Event[edit]

text: This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2018)

text:
Elected to the Poker Hall of Fame.

†

Denotes player who is deceased.

Hand

The two hole cards the winner held on the final hand.

Prize (US$)

WSOP Main Event prize money.

Entrants

The number of players in that year's Main Event.

Winnings

Lifetime winnings in WSOP and WSOP Circuit events as of April 15, 2013.

Bracelets

WSOP victories are counted in terms of bracelets, as of April 15, 2013.

text:
Image

Year

Winner

Nickname

Hand

Prize (US$)

Entrants[6]

Total tournamentearnings (US$)

WSOP bracelets

Ref.

1970

Johnny Moss†

The Grand Old Man of Poker[7]

N/A

N/A

7000700000000000000♠7

7005824922000000000♠824,922

9

[8]

1971

Johnny Moss†

The Grand Old Man of Poker

6  6

7004300000000000000♠30,000

7000600000000000000♠6

7005824922000000000♠824,922

9

[8]

1972

Thomas Preston†

Amarillo Slim[9]

K  J

7004800000000000000♠80,000

7000800000000000000♠8

7005436055000000000♠436,055

4

[10]

1973

Walter Pearson†

Puggy[11]

A♠ 7♠

7005130000000000000♠130,000

7001130000000000000♠13

7005245740000000000♠245,740

4

[12]

1974

Johnny Moss†

The Grand Old Man of Poker

3♥ 3♠

7005160000000000000♠160,000

7001160000000000000♠16

7005824922000000000♠824,922

9

[8]

1975

Brian Roberts†

Sailor[13]

J♠ J♥ [14]

7005210000000000000♠210,000

7001210000000000000♠21

7005266650000000000♠266,650

2

[15]

1976

Doyle Brunson

Texas Dolly[16][h]

10♠ 2♠

7005220000000000000♠220,000

7001220000000000000♠22

7006280894500000000♠2,808,945

10

[17]

1977

Doyle Brunson

Texas Dolly

10♠ 2♥

7005340000000000000♠340,000

7001340000000000000♠34

7006280894500000000♠2,808,945

10

[17]

1978

Bobby Baldwin

The Owl[18]

Q♦ Q♣

7005210000000000000♠210,000

7001420000000000000♠42

7005604900000000000♠604,900

4

[19]

1979

Hal Fowler†

—

7♠ 6♦

7005270000000000000♠270,000

7001540000000000000♠54

7005270000000000000♠270,000

1

[20]

1980

Stu Ungar†

StueyorThe Kid[21]

5♠ 4♠

7005385000000000000♠385,000

7001730000000000000♠73

7006207883800000000♠2,078,838

5

[22]

1981

Stu Ungar†

StueyorThe Kid

A♥ Q♥

7005375000000000000♠375,000

7001750000000000000♠75

7006207883800000000♠2,078,838

5

[22]

1982

Jack Straus[b]†

Treetop[23]

A♥ 10♠

7005520000000000000♠520,000

7002104000000000000♠104

7005555000000000000♠555,000

2

[24]

1983

Tom McEvoy

Grand Rapids Tom

Q♦ Q♠

7005540000000000000♠540,000

7002108000000000000♠108

7006129103100000000♠1,291,031

4

[25]

N/A

1984

Jack Keller†

Gentleman[26]

10♥ 10♠

7005660000000000000♠660,000

7002132000000000000♠132

7006204876300000000♠2,048,763

3

[26]

N/A

1985

Bill Smith†

—

3♠ 3♥

7005700000000000000♠700,000

7002140000000000000♠140

7005788000000000000♠788,000

1

[27]

1986

Berry Johnston

—

A♠ 10♥

7005570000000000000♠570,000

7002141000000000000♠141

7006226552300000000♠2,265,523

5

[28]

1987

Johnny Chan

Orient Express[29]

A♠ 9♣

7005625000000000000♠625,000

7002152000000000000♠152

7006439774900000000♠4,397,749

10

[30]

1988

Johnny Chan

Orient Express

J♣ 9♣

7005700000000000000♠700,000

7002167000000000000♠167

7006439774900000000♠4,397,749

10

[30]

1989

Phil Hellmuth[g]

The Poker Brat[31]

9♠ 9♣

7005755000000000000♠755,000

7002178000000000000♠178

7007146122130000000♠14,612,213

15

[32]

N/A

1990

Mansour Matloubi

—

6♥ 6♠

7005895000000000000♠895,000

7002194000000000000♠194

7006601963000000000♠6,019,630

1

[33]

1991

Brad Daugherty

—

K♠ J♠

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002215000000000000♠215

7006116517000000000♠1,165,170

1

[34]

1992

Hamid Dastmalchi

—

8♥ 4♣

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002201000000000000♠201

7006164246300000000♠1,642,463

3

[35]

1993

Jim Bechtel

—

J♠ 6♠

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002220000000000000♠220

7006194462300000000♠1,944,623

1

[36][37]

1994

Russ Hamilton

—

K♠ 8♥

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002268000000000000♠268

7006126194000000000♠1,261,940

1

[38]

1995

Dan Harrington

Action Dan[39]

9♦ 8♦

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002273000000000000♠273

7006349151300000000♠3,491,513

2

[40]

1996

Huck Seed

—

9♦ 8♦

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002295000000000000♠295

7006242684200000000♠2,426,842

4

[41]

1997

Stu Ungar†

StueyorThe Kid

A♥ 4♣

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002312000000000000♠312

7006207883800000000♠2,078,838

5

[42]

1998

Scotty Nguyen

The Trainor The Prince of Poker[43]

J♦ 9♣

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002350000000000000♠350

7006589573200000000♠5,895,732

5

[44]

1999

Noel Furlong

—

5♣ 5♦

7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

7002393000000000000♠393

7006107078500000000♠1,070,785

1

[45]

2000

Chris Ferguson

Jesus [46]

A♠ 9♣

7006150000000000000♠1,500,000

7002512000000000000♠512

7006503359300000000♠5,033,593

6

[46]

2001

Carlos Mortensen

El Matador[47]

K♣ Q♣

7006150000000000000♠1,500,000

7002613000000000000♠613

7006316821600000000♠3,168,216

2

[48]

2002

Robert Varkonyi

—

Q♦ 10♠

7006200000000000000♠2,000,000

7002631000000000000♠631

7006211021200000000♠2,110,212

1

[49]

2003

Chris Moneymaker[c]

—

5♦ 4♠

7006250000000000000♠2,500,000

7002839000000000000♠839

7006253204100000000♠2,532,041

1

[50]

2004

Greg Raymer

Fossilman

8♠ 8♦

7006500000000000000♠5,000,000

7003257600000000000♠2,576

7006666941700000000♠6,669,417

1

[51]

2005

Joe Hachem

—

7♣ 3♠

7006750000000000000♠7,500,000

7003561900000000000♠5,619

7006826185900000000♠8,261,859

1

[52]

2006

Jamie Gold

—

Q♠ 9♣

7007120000000000000♠12,000,000

7003877300000000000♠8,773

7007120672920000000♠12,067,292[i]

1

[53]

2007

Jerry Yang

The Shadow[54]

8♦ 8♣

7006825000000000000♠8,250,000

7003635800000000000♠6,358

7006828091300000000♠8,280,913

1

[55]

2008

Peter Eastgate

Isser[5]

A♦ 5♠

7006915241600000000♠9,152,416

7003684400000000000♠6,844

7006943050600000000♠9,430,506

1

[56]

2009

Joe Cada

—

9♦ 9♣

7006857464900000000♠8,574,649

7003649400000000000♠6,494

7007103394480000000♠10,339,448

3

[57]

2010

Jonathan Duhamel

—

A♠ J♥

7006894413800000000♠8,944,138

7003731900000000000♠7,319

7007146122130000000♠14,612,213

3

[58]

2011

Pius Heinz

—

A♠ K♣

7006871563800000000♠8,715,638

7003686500000000000♠6,865

7006882105600000000♠8,821,056

1

[59]

N/A

2012

Greg Merson

—

K♦ 5♦

7006853185300000000♠8,531,853

7003659800000000000♠6,598

7007101740290000000♠10,174,029

2

[60]

N/A

2013

Ryan Riess

Riess the Beast

A♥ K♥

7006835953100000000♠8,359,531

7003635200000000000♠6,352

7006892067200000000♠8,920,672

1

[61]

2014

Martin Jacobson

—

10♥ 10♦

7007100000000000000♠10,000,000

7003668300000000000♠6,683

7007121022320000000♠12,102,232

1

[62]

2015

Joe McKeehen

—

A♥ 10♦

7006768334600000000♠7,683,346

7003642000000000000♠6,420

7007104808610000000♠10,480,861

2

[63]

2016

Qui Nguyen

Tommy Gun

K♣ 10♣

7006800531000000000♠8,005,310

7003673700000000000♠6,737

7006802228700000000♠8,022,287

1

[64]

N/A

2017

Scott Blumstein

—

A♥ 2♦

7006815000000000000♠8,150,000

7003722100000000000♠7,221

7006815522700000000♠8,155,227

1

[65]

N/A

2018

John Cynn

—

K♣ J♣

7006880000000000000♠8,800,000

7003787400000000000♠7,874

7006951307100000000♠9,513,071

1

text: World Series of Poker Europe Main Event[edit]

text: The World Series of Poker Europe (WSOPE) is the first expansion effort of World Series of Poker-branded poker tournaments outside the United States. Since 1970, the bracelet events have occurred every year in Las Vegas.  The inaugural WSOPE, held in 2007, marked the first time that a WSOP bracelet was awarded outside Las Vegas.[66]  The 2007 Main Event, a GBP 10,000 buy-in no-limit hold 'em tournament, was won by Norwegian player Annette Obrestad on the day before her 19th birthday. This made her the youngest person to win a WSOP bracelet, a record that cannot be broken in the Las Vegas WSOP under current laws because the minimum legal age for casino gaming in Nevada is 21. Obrestad could play in the WSOPE because the minimum age for casino gaming in the United Kingdom is 18.  The World Series of Poker Europe has a unique identity from the Las Vegas WSOP, but according to Harrah's will remain true to the traditions and heritage.[66] The 2011 WSOP Europe main event was an 8-handed event.[67]

text:
Image

Year

Winner

Nickname

Hand

Prize

Entrants[6]

Total tournamentearnings

WSOP bracelets

Ref.

2007

Annette Obrestad [e]

Annette_15[68]

7♥ 7♠

£7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

362

$7006208643700000000♠2,086,437

1

[69]

2008

John Juanda[f]

—

K♠ 6♣

£7005868800000000000♠868,800

362

$7006482581600000000♠4,825,816

5

[70]

2009

Barry Shulman

—

10♠ 10♣

£7005801603000000000♠801,603

334

—

2

N/A

2010

James Bord

—

10♦ 10♥

£7005830401000000000♠830,401

346

—

1

N/A

2011

Elio Fox

—

A♦ 10♠

€7006140000000000000♠1,400,000

593

—

1

2012

Phil Hellmuth[g]

The Poker Brat

A♥ 10♦

€7006102237600000000♠1,022,376

7002420000000000000♠420

$7007140261670000000♠14,026,167

15

[71]

N/A

2013

Adrián Mateos

—

A♠ K♣

£7006100000000000000♠1,000,000

375

$7006137520000000000♠1,375,200

1

[72]

N/A

2015

Kevin MacPhee

ImaLuckSac

A♦ 4♦

£7005883000000000000♠883,000

313

$7006545629800000000♠5,456,298

2

[73]

N/A

2017

Marti Roca de Torres

—

Q♥ 5♦

€7006111520700000000♠1,115,207

529

$7006129556600000000♠1,295,566

1

text: World Series of Poker Asia Pacific Main Event[edit]

text: The World Series of Poker Asia Pacific (WSOP APAC) is the most recent expansion of World Series of Poker-branded tournaments outside the United States. On April 30, 2012, WSOP owner Caesars Entertainment and Australian casino Crown Melbourne announced that the first WSOP APAC would be launched with five bracelet events in April 2013.[74]

text:
Image

Year

Winner

Nickname

Hand

Prize (A$)

Entrants

Total tournamentearnings (US$)

WSOP bracelets

Ref.

2013

Daniel Negreanu

Kid Poker[75]

2♠ 2♥

7006103882500000000♠1,038,825

405[76]

7007163464860000000♠16,346,486

6

[76][77]

N/A

2014

Scott Davies

—

6♦ 6♠

7005850136000000000♠850,136

329

7006165359300000000♠1,653,593

1

[78]

text: Notes[edit]

text: a  The first World Series of Poker was not a freeze out tournament, but rather a game with a set start and stop time.  Benny Binion took a secret ballot that asked the players who the best player was.  According to poker lore, everybody said that they were the best player.  Binion then asked who the second-best player was, and Johnny Moss won.[79]

text: b  Jack Straus' 1982 WSOP tournament victory is considered to be one of the greatest comebacks in poker history.  At one point, Straus was down to one chip, and he came back to win.  This victory is considered the origin of the poker saying, "A chip and a chair."  A saying that means that as long as you have a chip and a chair you have a chance.  Modern lore indicates that this happened at the final table, but the 1983 book The Biggest Game in Town implies this occurred on the first day of the tournament.[80]

text: c Chris Moneymaker won the entry into the WSOP Main Event via a $39 online satellite.[81]

text: d Joe Cada is the youngest person to have won the WSOP Main Event.[5]

text: e  Annette Obrestad won the WSOPE at the age of 18 years, 364 days, making her the youngest person to have won a WSOP bracelet.  She is also the first woman to have won a Main Event tournament and in 2007 was considered to be one of the best online multi-table tournament players in the world.[68]

text: f The final table at the 2008 WSOPE Main Event, was the longest final table in the WSOP history.  The tournament lasted 22 hours (a WSOP record) and 434 hands (a WSOP record).[82]

text: g At the 2012 World Series of Poker Europe Main Event, Hellmuth won his record-breaking 13th bracelet. This also made him the first player ever to win the Main Events at both the WSOP and WSOPE.[71] Hellmuth also holds the records for most WSOP cashes (100) and most WSOP final tables (53).[83]

text: h Doyle Brunson obtained the nickname of Texas Dolly when Jimmy The Greek mispronounced his name.[16]

text: i In recent years, the prize pool for the WSOP Main Event has become so large that the winner instantly becomes one of the top money winners in tournament poker.  Jamie Gold (2006) is number eight on that list, Joe Hachem (2005) is number ten, and Peter Eastgate (2008) is number eleven.[84]

text: j The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 curtailed online gambling in the United States.[85]