document_title: Frasier (season 7)

question_text: frasier episode frasier tells daphne niles loves her

text: Frasier (season 7)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Kelsey Grammer as Frasier Crane
Jane Leeves as Daphne Moon
David Hyde Pierce as Niles Crane
Peri Gilpin as Roz Doyle
John Mahoney as Martin Crane

tag: ul

text: Special guest[edit]

text:
Saul Rubinek as Donny Douglas
Rita Wilson as Mia
Katie Finneran as Poppy
Dan Butler as Bulldog
Jane Adams as Mel
Bebe Neuwirth as Lilith
Jean Smart as Lana
Marg Helgenberger as Emily
Brian Bedford as Edward
Harriet Sansom Harris as Bebe Glazer
Robert Loggia as Stefano
S. Epatha Merkerson as Dr. McCaskill
Anthony LaPaglia as Simon

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Edward Hibbert as Gil Chesterton
Patrick Kerr as Noel
Tom McGowan as Kenny

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Gigi Rice as Regan
Trevor Einhorn as Frederick
Anthony Zerbe as Clifford
Anthony Heald as Corkmaster
Kim Coles as Dr. Mary
Millicent Martin as Mrs. Moon

text: Guest caller[edit]

text:
Gloria Estefan as Maria
Isaac Mizrahi as Gabe

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Directed by

Written by

Original air date

Viewers(millions)[1]

1451"Momma Mia"Kelsey GrammerRob HanningSeptember 23, 1999 (1999-09-23)25.2
Roz has fixed Frasier up on a blind date, but before she turns up at Café Nervosa, Frasier has already introduced himself to another woman at the counter; Mia Preston (played by Rita Wilson), a children's author whose books he used to read to Frederick. He finds her intriguing, and they begin to date. When Niles and Martin meet her, they are startled to discover that she looks just like the brothers' late mother, Hester, which Frasier does not realize. The three Cranes plan to spend the weekend at a cabin where they vacationed years ago to celebrate Martin's birthday. As a gift the brothers bring old home movies transferred to videotape. Frasier sees the resemblance when watching the home movies, in which his mother appears, and realizes to his horror that he is dating her spitting image.
1462"Father of the Bride"David LeeMark ReismanSeptember 30, 1999 (1999-09-30)23.7
Frasier is trying to decide on a wedding present for Daphne and Donny, and Roz is apprehensive in case she is asked to be a bridesmaid, recalling her previous experiences (all of which involved wearing awful dresses). After a conversation with Martin, Frasier decides to pay for the wedding flowers. Unfortunately, when he announces this to Daphne, he is suffering from a bout of hiccups brought on by some jerky Martin made him eat, he only manages to get as far as saying: "Dad and I would be honored to pay for your wedding...". Daphne, who has so far been trying not to let her mother take control of the ceremony and arrangements because she is paying, is delighted. Consequently, Frasier feels obliged not to complete the sentence. However, he becomes so involved with the details of organizing everything, trying to plan things his way, that Daphne starts to worry that she will have the same problem as with her mother. Meanwhile, Niles is very pleased at having met an attractive woman through what he presumes to be a dating service. The name "Executive Match" rings bells with Frasier, as he heard Donny use it while discussing a client on the phone; it is, in fact, an escort agency, which means that Niles is unwittingly dating a call girl.
1473"Radio Wars"Sheldon EppsSam Johnson & Chris MarcilOctober 7, 1999 (1999-10-07)21.3
Frasier is very annoyed at getting a prank phonecall very early in the morning from KACL's new morning team, Carlos and the Chicken; everyone else finds it hilarious. He seizes the opportunity to speak to them at Café Nervosa later that day, but they claim to be fans of his show and not to have intended any offense, so he graciously refrains from any angry outburst. Unfortunately for him, he receives another prank call later, whilst enjoying a bath, during which, suspecting nothing, he is actually persuaded to sing down the phone and to stamp around the floor of the bathroom simultaneously. Desperate for revenge, Frasier sits up all night composing a scathing speech of rebuttal, intending to read it on air to humiliate his rivals. Martin advises him against it, promising that it will only exacerbate the problem. The last straw comes when Roz calls Frasier to notify him about Carlos and the Chicken's current broadcast: a medley of sound effects and sound bites, engineered to sound like a sex session between him and Roz.
1484"Everyone's a Critic"Pamela FrymanJoe KeenanOctober 14, 1999 (1999-10-14)20.9
The owner of KACL has sent her daughter, Poppy Delafield, to start an internship at the station. Everyone finds her unbearable because she can never stop talking, though they are all too polite to say so. Meanwhile, Niles is very pleased with himself; he has been appointed art critic of a posh magazine, The Monocle, and is now attending performances for free and socializing with the elite of Seattle]. Frasier becomes envious, and asks Kenny if he could host an arts show on KACL, to fill a recently vacated slot in the schedule; Kenny says no. Frasier therefore decides that he must approach someone in a more senior position. To this end, he has a subtle conversation with Poppy, to persuade her to suggest his idea to her mother. She loves the idea, but some of the subtlety is lost on her, including the crucial component of who should host the show. Martin is pleased when Eddie kills his first rat, but then trouble starts when he encourages him to repeat his success, and the victim turns out to be a missing hamster.
1495"The Dog that Rocks the Cradle"Pamela FrymanBob DailyOctober 21, 1999 (1999-10-21)22.0
Since being fired from KACL, Bulldog (Dan Butler) has been working as a pizza delivery man, as Frasier discovers when Bulldog brings one to his apartment. Roz is also there with Alice, and when Frasier sees how pleased Alice is to see Bulldog, he suggests to Roz that she employ him as a babysitter for the following day, when she has a date. It has been a month since Roz's last date, so she is keen not to miss this one, and follows Frasier's suggestion. However, when her date arrives at her door, Bulldog answers it and scares him away, telling him to phone and cancel like a gentleman. This gives him the opportunity to spend the evening with Roz and Alice, and Roz never suspects a thing. She then organizes more dates during the week, and Bulldog scares them away too, but Roz cannot remain oblivious for long. Meanwhile, Niles has been fighting to reclaim a plot in Verdant Hills, a prestigious cemetery, which he lost after his divorce. He and Frasier encourage their father to organise something for himself, but Martin does not like to tempt fate.
1506"Rivals"Katy GarretsonChristopher LloydNovember 4, 1999 (1999-11-04)20.7
When Frasier escapes Poppy at Café Nervosa by leaving Niles in his place, Poppy is suddenly less talkative than usual; she finds Niles warm, charming and handsome. Frasier returns home and finds a strange woman in a towel using the phone. It soon turns out that her name is Regan, she recently moved in next door, and Martin rescued her when she accidentally locked herself out. Martin explains to his son that he brought her for his benefit, and though not very grateful for this interference, Frasier does find Regan attractive, and intends to ask her out. When Niles meets her, Frasier detects recognition in his face (Regan is one of Niles' patients), and thinks he may have competition; he finds Niles' admission that he has taken a shine to Poppy unconvincing. Niles, in turn, thinks Frasier's persistent hostile remarks about Poppy mask a latent attraction, and so does not believe that he really likes Regan. Both couples attend a charity ball, each brother assuming that the other is pursuing his date, with disastrous consequences.
1517"A Tsar is Born"Pamela FrymanCharlie HauckNovember 11, 1999 (1999-11-11)18.6
Antiques Roadshow comes to Seattle, and after an enjoyable evening watching the previous show together, Martin and his sons decide to take a family heirloom for appraisal. The object, which is a pewter clock, turns out to be Russian, and is one of a collection made exclusively for the imperial Romanov family. It is valued at $25 000, which Martin is delighted by. Frasier and Niles are more interested in the Romanov connection, and they know that their great-great-grandmother was from Russia. They decide to research their family history, thrilled at the possibility that they may be descended from royalty, but they do not tell Martin, who thinks they are ashamed to be Cranes. They soon find that the clock was last seen in Moscow in the same year that their great-great-grandmother emigrated, and the excitement grows when Dr. Myshkin from the Russian embassy phones to say he has something important to tell them. What they do not know is that Martin is planning to sell the clock.
1528"The Late Dr. Crane"Robert H. EganRob HanningNovember 18, 1999 (1999-11-18)18.9
Frasier and Niles have a minor car accident and end up at the hospital. While waiting for Frasier to be seen, Niles discovers that Maris' plastic surgeon, who is still sending him the bills for Maris' botox treatments, is based here. He takes the opportunity to confront this Dr. Mel Karnofsky, and finds that she is a young-looking, attractive divorcée with a fussy nature akin to his own and an interest in the arts. Unable to master enough courage to ask her out, he pretends to be interested in some botox treatment for himself. Frasier is shocked, but not half as shocked as when a local news report announces his death later that day. The mistake had been made when he left the hospital early, and someone else took his place in the line and suffered a fatal heart attack. When reading his obituary in the newspaper, Frasier reflects on his life, and all the things he has yet to achieve. Martin, meanwhile, enjoys the attention and free drinks he receives from everyone who thinks he has just lost his son.
1539"The Apparent Trap"Kelsey GrammerDan O'ShannonNovember 25, 1999 (1999-11-25)20.5
Frederick is coming to celebrate Thanksgiving with his father, while Lilith spends the holiday with a colleague. At the last minute, this colleague cancels, and Lilith asks Frasier if she can join them. He concedes, acknowledging that the season should be a celebration of family, even though there is still some awkwardness between Lilith and Niles following their brief tryst. Lilith happens to be writing an article about raising a child after divorce, and Frederick suggests she collaborate with Frasier, and do so while she stays at the apartment. He then goes to some effort to bring his parents closer together, saying privately to each how much the other is missing them, setting up mood lighting and romantic music. It is not long before they realize they are being set up, but they cannot help wondering if Frederick has some other motive behind his elaborate scheme.
15410"Back Talk"Pamela FrymanLori KirklandDecember 9, 1999 (1999-12-09)N/A
It is Frasier's birthday, and he is not in a particularly celebratory mood, being surprisingly snappy towards Daphne concerning her living arrangements with her fiancé, Donny. The day is further strained when Frasier, leaning over to blow the candle out from a cupcake as a joke, pulls a muscle in his back, thus seizing himself up. He is thus forced the indignity of wearing a girdle, but is nevertheless determined to do his radio show. He manages to get through five seconds before a sneezing fit brought on by a birthday gift of some flowers, coupled with his bad back, sees him collapse in pain, and he is forced to enlist Niles' help in getting him home. Finding a seat is the first hurdle, and to the horror of both brothers, the only one comfortable enough is Martin's battered old recliner. Niles suggests that Frasier undertake a mental exercise; as there is seemingly nothing physically wrong with him, the problem may be emotional, so it may help if he expresses his worries out loud. Frasier thus finds himself talking about his problems with Eddie, and realizes that the reason he's been so sharp with Daphne lately is because she will soon be leaving his life. He determines to make amends for his behavior and ensure that Daphne feels loved before she leaves. Unfortunately, Daphne has been home all the time, and finally emerges, unnoticed, to hear Frasier confess that he loves her. She does not realize that his feelings are platonic, and is horrified and embarrassed. Her interpretation is further supported when Martin, hearing that "Dr. Crane" has confessed his feelings for Daphne, assumes she referring to Niles and confirms it. Frasier soon realizes that, as Niles has not been present to confess anything, Daphne has misinterpreted. He takes the opportunity to assure her of this. Daphne is relieved, and gives Frasier a massage as his strong medication begins to work. Unfortunately, in his drowsy state, his speech is unguarded, and when she revisits what Martin said, he reveals that it is Niles that has feelings for her. Daphne is shocked as Frasier explains that Niles is crazy about her and has been for years before falling asleep. Later, Frasier doesn't remember revealing Niles's secret leaving him and Martin believing they successfully dodged a bullet while Daphne attempts to get used to this new information.
15511"The Fight Before Christmas"Pamela FrymanJon ShermanDecember 16, 1999 (1999-12-16)28.5
Frasier is planning his Victorian Christmas party at home, and is trying to keep it a secret at KACL, having only invited Roz out of his work colleagues. He has also invited Cam Winston, deciding to call their feud to a temporary halt. Daphne is having an awkward time, as Frasier does not remember what he said under the influence of his painkillers, and Niles does not yet realize that she knows his feelings. Niles, meanwhile, has to offer his condolences in person to Maris after her old gardener Yoshi dies, but Frasier advises him not to tell Mel. She eventually finds out and is very angry, so Niles does his best to talk her round. Frasier's Christmas party is a disaster, and it does not take long for him to find out why: Cam Winston is holding a rival party in his apartment, and poaching all Frasier's guests. Daphne panics when she learns that Niles and Mel have broken up, and still more when she overhears Frasier in the kitchen advising Niles to "make his feelings clear to her" (not knowing that he means Maris).
15612"RDWRER"Kelsey GrammerSam Johnson & Chris MarcilJanuary 6, 2000 (2000-01-06)24.1
Chez Henri has burned down, and Frasier and Niles feel like the new millennium has been canceled. They must now make alternative plans for their New Year's celebrations. Martin is in a better mood, having received the customized number plates he ordered for his new Winnebago RV. The plates read "RDWRER", which he claims is short for "Road Warrior". Frasier and Niles remember that the Wine Club is hosting a celebration in Sun Valley to which they are invited, but unable to find a flight at short notice, they end up traveling with Martin in the Winnebago. The trip is a difficult experience for Frasier and Niles to bear, though Martin thoroughly enjoys himself, whether driving or sitting in the back watching Austin Powers videos. They stop for a snack at a roadside café, and while Martin peruses the menu and Frasier attempts, unsuccessfully, to socialize with the locals, an exhausted Niles retires for a nap and ends up leaving in the wrong Winnebago. All of a sudden, Sun Valley is out of the question, as the Cranes now have to make sure they are at least together to ring in the New Year.
15713"They're Playing Our Song"David LeeDavid LloydJanuary 13, 2000 (2000-01-13)N/A
When Kenny decides that each show on KACL requires a special theme jingle, Frasier struggles to think of one. Still trying harder, Frasier cancels dinner with Niles, and when he reveals why, Niles is interested and offers to help. Making the tune extremely complex, Frasier enlists Niles as the announcer for a dramatic monologue. Meanwhile, when brushing his teeth, Martin invents a catchy little tune for Frasier, who dismisses it instantly. Still thinking something is missing from his tune, Frasier hires an orchestra and choir to perform in it. He has also promised Roz's new boyfriend Leon a role, eventually giving him the part of lead triangle (the regular player has tinnitus). Daphne, Kenny and Martin arrive and join Roz to listen to Frasier's long-awaited song. At the end of the two-minute piece (which combines a Broadway musical-style chorus with an incongruous film-score background for Niles' monologue), Kenny is left speechless. In private, he then explains he did not want something so elaborate. Daphne talks Martin into singing his ditty. Kenny loves it and tells Frasier to come up with something more like that. Starting again, Frasier can't think of anything and admits that he doesn't think he can do 'simple'. He asks Martin's advice, and is told to try "saying what you do" and then adds a tune to it, allowing him to come up with another catchy jingle which Frasier hates at first, but he eventually relents and adds his own words to it.
15814"Big Crane on Campus"Sheldon EppsMark ReismanFebruary 3, 2000 (2000-02-03)N/A
Frasier runs into Lana Lenley (Jean Smart) at Café Nervosa, who went to his school and was one of the most popular girls. She is now working in real estate. He used to have a crush on her, but never had the courage to ask her out, and suddenly meeting her again, he reverts to the same state of mind and asks if she can come round to appraise his apartment. She arrives that evening, and Niles can hardly believe his eyes, also remembering her from school. Eventually, Frasier admits to Lorna the real reason he wanted to see her, and she takes it very well. In fact, she stays for dinner, and is still with Frasier the following morning. It is at this point that he sees another side to her: she smokes, she shouts down the phone, she is not very refined, and Frasier becomes concerned that they have no future together. However, soon afterward she invites him to accompany her to the retirement dinner of their school football coach, and he imagines the reactions of the formerly popular students if they saw him arrive with Lorna. Meanwhile, Niles enlists Daphne to help him cook dinner for Mel, and a tender moment between them ends with an interruption by Martin. When she snaps at his father, Niles suspects that she may be in love with him. Upon hearing this, Frasier tells him that he merely imagined Daphne's discomfiture and misinterpreted what he did see.
15915"Out with Dad"David LeeJoe KeenanFebruary 10, 2000 (2000-02-10)N/A
It is Valentine's Day. Niles cancels a boys' night out with Frasier at the opera to be with his girlfriend Mel. Hoping to meet a beautiful woman he has been eying from across his box at the opera for several weeks, and not wanting to go alone, Frasier asks Martin to go with him. Having to choose between that and staying at home to watch Sophie's Choice with Roz and Daphne, Martin decides on the former and accompanies Frasier to see Rigoletto. Later at the opera, Frasier sees the gorgeous woman. He and Martin meet her (Emily, Marg Helgenberger) and the woman's mother, Helen (Mary Louise Wilson), during intermission. As Helen tries to ask Martin out on a date, Martin, finding her unattractive, panics. After a pause he lies and tells her he is gay. That evening, Emily brings her gay uncle, Edward (Brian Bedford), to Frasier's apartment, hoping to set him up with Martin. Martin does not realize that Edward is gay until it is largely too late. Realizing Edward's true sexuality and heightened interest in him, Martin pretends that he and Niles are an item. Niles finds a way out and leaves. While Frasier hopes to have a long Romantic night with Emily, Edward reminds her that he needs to get home as it is getting late. Emily readies to leave as she is Edward's ride. Just then, in the spirit of Valentine's Day, Martin offers to give Edward a ride home, giving Frasier and Emily the evening together.
16016"Something About Dr. Mary"Wil ShrinerJay KogenFebruary 17, 2000 (2000-02-17)N/A
Roz is going on holiday, and desperate to avoid having her replaced by Chuck Ranberg (who has a distracting speech impediment), Frasier decides to hire someone from outside KACL. He appoints a woman from a community outreach program called Mary Thomas (Kim Coles), who is initially reluctant to speak during the broadcast, even to introduce callers, but soon overcomes that and even interrupts with her own advice. Her style is very different from Frasier's, and her delivery is very light-hearted and jovial. Frasier finds this irritating, but is reluctant to be critical. Martin attributes this to the fact that Mary is black, believing that his son is too sensitive about that. The listeners enjoy this new style, and callers even start addressing her as "Dr. Mary". Kenny is so pleased that he makes the arrangement permanent and moves Roz to Gil's show; Frasier is horrified, but has no idea how to voice his grievances without sounding bigoted. He suggests to Kenny that Mary should be allowed to present a show as call screening is limiting her and Kenny agrees, but the result is not what he expected as Kenny makes her his co-host. Between Mary and the new call screener (who is just as outspoken), Frasier finds himself barely able to get a word in on his own show. Meanwhile, Daphne sustains an injury by being in the wrong place during Niles' demonstration of his new skills at kickboxing. Niles is mortified, and insists on doing all Daphne's household chores until she has fully recovered. Martin decides to take advantage of the fact that, until now, his son had no idea what these chores were.
16117"Whine Club"Kelsey GrammerBob Daily & Jon ShermanFebruary 24, 2000 (2000-02-24)21.3
Frasier is very excited about the prospect of being elected "Corkmaster" of his local wine club, which he has asked Niles to nominate him for. During conversation on the subject with Roz, discussion turns to Mel, and Frasier admits that he does not know her very well, so suggests having Sunday brunch that week to get to know her better. However, whilst Niles is getting ready for the wine club meeting, Mel insidiously manages to convince him to run against his brother for the position of Corkmaster, playing on his pride. As a result, at the meeting that night Frasier is stunned when Niles reveals his intention to run against him. When the votes come in at a tie, a wine-tasting tiebreaker overseen by the outgoing corkmaster (Anthony Heald) sees Niles narrowly win. Frasier is gracious in defeat, until he discovers that Mel provided the impetus for Niles' decision to stand. This revelation is just one of a series of events during the brunch that bring out a collective distaste for Mel among all present, although no one says anything to her or Niles. Frasier is sorely tempted, realizing that her emasculating influence is comparable to that of Maris. Meanwhile, Martin has embarked on an affair with Claire Wojadubakowski, an old friend whose husband Stan was buried a few weeks before. As Martin and Stan were quite close, he is feeling quite guilty over this, and endeavors to conceal the fact from Frasier.
16218"Hot Pursuit"Sheldon EppsCharlie HauckMarch 23, 2000 (2000-03-23)14.0
Donny asks for Martin's help in obtaining surveillance photos for one of his court cases. Martin is thrilled at the idea of a stakeout, remembering his days with the police force; Niles is worried about the potential risks of the neighborhood, and decides to go along and keep his father company. Frasier and Roz are attending a broadcast conference out of town, and when Frasier discovers that he has no room at the hotel, he asks to sleep on Roz's couch. She reluctantly agrees, conceding that neither of them is likely to need the room if the cocktail party is the usual Bacchanalian revel. Unfortunately, they both suffer similar lack of success, and end up together in Roz's room sharing champagne and stories. Frasier, it happens, has been growing a beard, which Roz says makes him "like Frasier, but not Frasier"; he has a similar reaction when she shows him a blond wig that she bought on a whim. Somehow the idea of being strangers holds a mutual excitement for them...
16319"Morning Becomes Entertainment"Pamela FrymanRob Hanning & Jay KogenApril 6, 2000 (2000-04-06)16.7
Roz brings disturbing news to Café Nervosa: Frasier's show is being taken off the air for a week. This happens to be at the time when he is re-negotiating his contract with KACL, so he believes this is a tactic of theirs. Bebe Glazer soon tells him that the situation is bleak, but he and Roz have been offered the chance to host AM Seattle on television. This is a lower brow program, of a much lower caliber than his own, but for a long time Frasier has dreamed of appearing on television, and decides to accept. Roz turns up on the first day with a fever and delirium, and is thus incapable of co-hosting, so Bebe steps into her place. During the show, Frasier makes several valiant attempts to raise the level of decorum, but Bebe artfully keeps it light, persuading him to do impressions and so forth. By the end of the week, they are both intoxicated by the experience. However Frasier learns that Bebe is stalling the negotiations with KACL and starts to suspect that she is angling to make their move to AM Seattle permanent. Meanwhile, Martin's eyesight seems to be deteriorating and causing embarrassment, and Daphne has been pestering him to get some glasses. He has no idea that the choice he finally makes is a pair of women's glasses, despite the mirth they provoke from everyone.
16420"To Thine Old Self Be True"Robert H. EganDan O'ShannonApril 27, 2000 (2000-04-27)20.4
Donny is having trouble with his best man, who cannot organize his bachelor party, so Frasier volunteers to make the arrangements for him. Donny's instinctive reaction is to refuse, but Frasier insists, hoping he can overturn the impression that he is too much of an aesthete for this job. Daphne is relieved when she finds out, predicting that Frasier will organize a low-key, civilized event. Martin decides to help out by inviting a stripper (Rachel York) to the apartment for an interview, and she turns up dressed as a policewoman. Frasier runs into difficulty when he gives her some suggestions about an encore for her act, and they end up handcuffed together, without a key to release them. Frasier then has to do his best to hide this fact from Daphne, and numerous visitors, including Mel, Maris and his neighbor, Regan.
16521"The Three Faces of Frasier"Pamela FrymanJon ShermanMay 4, 2000 (2000-05-04)16.8
Frasier has an announcement to make, for which he is taking Martin, Daphne and Niles out to dinner at Stefano's Italian restaurant. Niles refuses to go, making up an excuse about a patient's crisis; the truth is, he had an embarrassing experience at this restaurant as a child, and is still traumatized by it. Frasier has to make the announcement without him: the restaurant is putting a sketch of his face on their Seattle Wall of Fame, and the unveiling is that very evening. He is most proud, until he sees the caricature; the artist has exaggerated the forehead, presumably to convey a man of learning. Frasier insists on returning the following evening with Niles, to have a tactful word with Stefano about changing it. Luckily, the artist is also in the restaurant, so Stefano agrees to his request. The new caricature has a more proportioned forehead, but Niles points out that it is not recognizable as Frasier, and suddenly they are back where they started.
16622"Dark Side of the Moon"David LeeLori KirklandMay 11, 2000 (2000-05-11)23.0
Daphne is receiving anger management therapy, in the wake of a four-car pile-up. She explains her situation to Dr. McCaskill (S. Epatha Merkerson), and the episode continues in flashback: Donny has organized a surprise bridal shower for Daphne, held at Niles' apartment, and has invited a special guest, announcing him as Daphne's favorite brother. She is thrilled, expecting to see Stephen. It turns out to be Simon, and judging by the expression on his sister's face, he is definitely not her favorite. Frasier was also expecting Stephen, and had already agreed to let him stay at Elliott Bay Towers, so he is not pleased that Donny invited the wrong brother. Having Simon as a guest proves very trying for Frasier, especially when he intercepts a friend of Daphne's whom Frasier was hoping to ask out, and gives him a cold. Daphne's patience is also tested to the limit when she finds herself waiting on her brother as much as Frasier and Martin, and being treated no better. Then Donny arrives unexpectedly with his parents, a day ahead of schedule, and when Daphne discovers her favorite dress has been ruined in the laundry, that proves to be the final straw. Dr. McCaskill wonders why Daphne keeps mentioning her favorite dress, and why she was wearing it to the bridal shower she didn't know she was having.  It is revealed in flashback that Daphne wore the dress because she thought she'd be spending the evening alone with Niles, which forces her to face that her feelings for him may have changed, and she's no longer sure that Donny is the man she loves.
1671682324"Something Borrowed, Someone Blue"Pamela FrymanChristopher Lloyd & Joe KeenanMay 18, 2000 (2000-05-18)33.7
Frasier, Daphne, Niles, Mel and Martin return from the funeral of Morrie, the doorman of Elliott Bay Towers. Martin bears a final gift from Morrie; a rare bottle of wine. Niles confesses to Frasier that he feels anxious about his relationship with Mel. After Niles denies that he still possesses feelings for Daphne, Frasier urges his brother to seize the moment and move on. Daphne reveals to Frasier that she knows about Niles' seven-year crush on her and she has fallen in love with him. When Niles returns from a retreat, however, he announces that he and Mel are married. Frasier tells Niles that Daphne knows how he feels towards her, and that there is a possibility she shares his feelings. Managing to get Daphne alone, Niles tells her that he loves her and they share their first intended romantic kiss. Daphne then tells Niles that they have made too many commitments to others to back out now. The next morning, Niles sits in the Winnebago, unable to watch Daphne be married. Martin and Frasier join him and prepare to enjoy the rare bottle of wine, only to discover that the wine is undrinkable. Frasier and Martin leave Niles alone, until Daphne, in her wedding dress, asks if he wants to go on a date. She has chosen him, and can finally call him "Niles".

text: Reception[edit]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The series was nominated for three Creative Arts Emmy Awards and six Primetime Emmy Awards, winning two.[2] Frasier received four nominations at the 58th Golden Globe Awards and Grammer won Best Actor in a Television Series Musical or Comedy.[3] The cast won Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series at the 6th Screen Actors Guild Awards.[4] Writers Christopher Lloyd and Joe Keenan won a Writers Guild of America Award for "Something Borrowed, Someone Blue", while Keenan also received a nomination for "Out with Dad".[5][6] Ron Volk earned a nomination from the American Cinema Editors for his work on "Dark Side Of The Moon".[7] While Pamela Fryman was nominated for Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series at the Directors Guild of America Awards for "The Fight Before Christmas".[8]

text: Casting director Jeff Greenberg received a nomination at the 16th Artios Awards.[9] Frasier gathered ten nominations from the Online Film & Television Association.[10] The show was nominated for three accolades at the second annual TV Guide Awards, including Favorite Comedy Series and Favorite TV Pet.[11] It also garnered six nominations at the Viewers for Quality Television Awards.[12]


document_title: Breast development

question_text: lobulo-alveolar structure in the breast is caused by

root

text: Breast development

text: Biochemistry[edit]

text: Chest wallPectoralis musclesLobulesNippleAreolaMilk ductFatty tissueSkin

tag: ol

text: Hormones[edit]

text: The master regulators of breast development are the steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, growth hormone (GH), mostly via its secretory product, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and prolactin.[1] These regulators induce the expression of growth factors, such as amphiregulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), IGF-1, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which in turn have specific roles in breast growth and maturation.[1]

tag: p

text: At puberty, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) begins to be secreted, in a pulsatile manner, from the hypothalamus.[2][3] GnRH, in turn, induces the secretion of the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), from the pituitary gland.[2][3] These hormones travel to the ovaries through the bloodstream and cause estrogen and progesterone to be produced by them and released into the body in fluctuating amounts with each menstrual cycle.[2][3] Growth hormone (GH), which is secreted from the pituitary gland, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is produced in the body in response to GH, are growth-mediating hormones.[4] During prenatal development, infancy, and childhood, GH and IGF-1 levels are low, but progressively increase and reach a peak at puberty,[5] with a 1.5- to 3-fold increase in pulsatile GH secretion and a 3-fold or greater increase in serum IGF-1 levels being capable of occurring at this time.[6] In late adolescence and early adulthood, GH and IGF-1 levels significantly decrease,[7] and continue to decrease throughout the rest of life.[5] It has been found that both estrogen and GH are essential for breast development at puberty – in the absence of either, no development will take place.[8][9] Moreover, most of the role of GH in breast development has been found to be mediated by its induction of IGF-1 production and secretion, as IGF-1 administration rescues breast development in the absence of GH.[9] GH induction of IGF-1 production and secretion occurs in almost all types of tissue in the body, but especially in the liver, which is the source of approximately 80% of circulating IGF-1,[10] as well as locally in the breasts.[5][11] Although IGF-1 is responsible for most of the role of GH in mediating breast development, GH itself has been found to play a direct, augmenting role as well, as it increases estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast stromal (connective) tissue, while IGF-1, in contrast, has been found to not do this.[12][13] In addition to estrogen and GH/IGF-1 both being essential for pubertal breast development, they are synergistic in bringing it about.[8][9][14]

text: Development of the breasts during the prenatal stage of life is independent of biological sex and sex hormones.[15] During embryonic development, the breast buds, in which networks of tubules are formed, are generated from the ectoderm.[16] These rudimentary tubules will eventually become the matured lactiferous (milk) ducts, which connect the lobules (milk "containers") of the breast, grape-like clusters of alveoli, to the nipples.[17] Until puberty, the tubule networks of the breast buds remain rudimentary and quiescent,[1] and the male and female breast do not show any differences.[15] During puberty in females, estrogen, in conjunction with GH/IGF-1, through activation of ERα specifically (and notably not ERβ or GPER),[18][19] causes growth of and transformation of the tubules into the matured ductal system of the breasts.[15][16][20] Under the influence of estrogen, the ducts sprout and elongate, and terminal end buds (TEBs), bulbous structures at the tips of the ducts, penetrate into the fat pad and branch as the ducts elongate.[15][16][20] This continues until a tree-like network of branched ducts that is embedded into and fills the entire fat pad of the breast is formed.[1][15][16][20] In addition to its role in mediating ductal development, estrogen causes stromal tissue to grow and adipose (fat) tissue to accumulate,[15][16] as well as the nipple-areolar complex to increase in size.[21]

text: Progesterone, in conjunction with GH/IGF-1 similarly to estrogen, affects the development of the breasts during puberty and thereafter as well.[15][16][20] To a lesser extent than estrogen, progesterone contributes to ductal development at this time, as evidenced by the findings that progesterone receptor (PR) knockout mice or mice treated with the PR antagonist mifepristone show delayed (albeit eventually normal, due to estrogen acting on its own) ductal growth during puberty and by the fact that progesterone has been found to induce ductal growth on its own in the mouse mammary gland mainly via the induction of the expression of amphiregulin, the same growth factor that estrogen primarily induces to mediate its actions on ductal development.[22] In addition, progesterone produces modest lobuloalveolar development (alveolar bud formation or ductal sidebranching) starting at puberty,[15][20] specifically through activation of PRB (and notably not PRA),[23] with growth and regression of the alveoli occurring to some degree with each menstrual cycle.[15][16] However, only rudimentary alveoli develop in response to pre-pregnancy levels of progesterone and estrogen, and lobuloalveolar development will remain at this stage until pregnancy occurs, if it does.[16] In addition to GH/IGF-1, estrogen is required for progesterone to affect the breasts,[15][20] as estrogen primes the breasts by inducing the expression of the progesterone receptor (PR) in breast epithelial tissue.[23] In contrast to the case of the PR, ER expression in the breast is stable and differs relatively little in the contexts of reproductive status, stage of the menstrual cycle, or exogenous hormonal therapy.[23]

text: During pregnancy, pronounced breast growth and maturation occurs in preparation of lactation and breastfeeding.[15][24][25] Estrogen and progesterone levels increase dramatically,[15] reaching levels by late pregnancy that are several hundred-fold higher than usual menstrual cycle levels.[26] Estrogen and progesterone cause the secretion of high levels of prolactin from the anterior pituitary,[27][28] which reach levels as high as 20 times greater than normal menstrual cycle levels.[26] IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels also increase dramatically during pregnancy, due to secretion of placental growth hormone (PGH).[29] Further ductal development, by estrogen, again in conjunction with GH/IGF-1, occurs during pregnancy.[16][17] In addition, the concert of estrogen, progesterone (again specifically through PRB),[23] prolactin, and other lactogens such as human placental lactogen (hPL) and PGH, in conjunction with GH/IGF-1, as well as insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2),[30][31] acting together, mediate the completion of lobuloalveolar development of the breasts during pregnancy.[16][17][32][33] Both PR and prolactin receptor (PRLR) knockout mice fail to show lobuloalveolar development, and progesterone and prolactin have been found to be synergistic in mediating growth of alveoli, demonstrating the essential role of both of these hormones in this aspect of breast development.[34][35] Growth hormone receptor (GHR) knockout mice also show greatly impaired lobuloalveolar development.[36] In addition to their role in lobuloalveolar growth, prolactin and hPL act to increase the size of the nipple-areolar complex during pregnancy.[37] By the end of the fourth month of pregnancy, at which time lobuloalveolar maturation is complete, the breasts are fully prepared for lactation and breastfeeding.[25]

text: Insulin, glucocorticoids such as cortisol (and by extension adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)), and thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (and by extension thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)) also play permissive but less well-understood/poorly-characterized roles in breast development during both puberty and pregnancy, and are required for full functional development.[38][39][40][41] Leptin has also been found to be an important factor in mammary gland development, and has been found to promote mammary epithelial cell proliferation.[2][42]

text: In contrast to the female-associated sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, the male-associated sex hormones, the androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), powerfully suppress the action of estrogen in the breasts.[32][41][43][44] At least one way that they do this is by reducing the expression of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue.[43][44][45] In the absence of androgenic activity, such as in women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), modest levels of estrogen (50 pg/mL) are capable of mediating significant breast development, with CAIS women showing breast volumes that are even above-average.[32] The combination of much higher levels of androgens (about 10-fold higher) and much lower levels of estrogen (about 10-fold less),[46] due to the ovaries in females producing high amounts of estrogens but low amounts of androgens and the testes in males producing high amounts of androgens but low amounts of estrogens,[47] are why males generally do not grow prominent or well-developed breasts relative to females.[41][48]

text: Calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), has, like the androgens, been reported to be a negative regulator of mammary gland development in mice, for instance, during puberty.[36] VDR knockout mice show more extensive ductal development relative to wild-type mice,[49] as well as precocious mammary gland development.[50] In addition, VDR knockout has also been shown to result in increased responsiveness of mouse mammary gland tissue to estrogen and progesterone, which was represented by increased cell growth in response to these hormones.[49] Conversely however, it has been found that VDR knockout mice show reduced ductal differentiation, represented by an increased number of undifferentiated TEBs,[51] and this finding has been interpreted as indicating that vitamin D may be essential for lobuloalveolar development.[35] As such, calcitriol, via the VDR, may be a negative regulator of ductal development but a positive regulator of lobuloalveolar development in the mammary gland.[52]

text: A possible mechanism of the negative regulatory effects of the VDR on breast development may be indicated by a study of vitamin D3 supplementation in women which found that vitamin D3 suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the breast, and by doing so, reduces and increases, respectively, the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2), a known inhibitory factor in breast development.[53] Moreover, suppression of PGE2 in breast tissue is relevant because, via activation of prostaglandin EP receptors, PGE2 potently induces amphiregulin expression in breast tissue, and activation of the EGFR by amphiregulin increases COX-2 expression in breast tissue, in turn resulting in more PGE2, and thus, a self-perpetuating, synergistic cycle of growth amplification due to COX-2 appears to potentially be present in normal breast tissue.[54][55] Accordingly, overexpression of COX-2 in mammary gland tissue produces mammary gland hyperplasia as well as precocious mammary gland development in female mice, mirroring the phenotype of VDR knockout mice, and demonstrating a strong stimulatory effect of COX-2, which is downregulated by VDR activation, on the growth of the mammary glands.[54][55] Also in accordance, COX-2 activity in the breasts has been found to be positively associated with breast volume in women.[56]

text: Growth factors[edit]

text: Estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, as well as GH/IGF-1, produce their effects on breast development by modulating the local expression in breast tissue of an assortment of autocrine and paracrine growth factors,[20][39][57][58][59] including IGF-1, IGF-2, amphiregulin,[60] EGF, FGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF),[61] tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor β (TNF-β), transforming growth factor α (TGF-α),[62] transforming growth factor β (TGF-β),[63] heregulin,[64] Wnt,[35] RANKL,[35] and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).[35] These factors regulate cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation via activation of intracellular signaling cascades that control cell function, such as Erk, Akt, JNK, and Jak/Stat.[10][65][66][67]

text: Based on research with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) knockout mice, the EGFR, which is the molecular target of EGF, TGF-α, amphiregulin, and heregulin, has, similarly to the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R),[1] been found to be essential for mammary gland development.[68] Estrogen and progesterone mediate ductal development mainly through induction of amphiregulin expression, and thus downstream EGFR activation.[22][60][65][69][70] Accordingly, ERα, amphiregulin, and EGFR knockout mice copy each other phenotypically in regards to their effects on ductal development.[69] Also in accordance, treatment of mice with amphiregulin or other EGFR ligands like TGF-α or heregulin induces ductal and lobuloalveolar development in the mouse mammary gland, actions that occur even in the absence of estrogen and progesterone.[64][71] As both the IGF-1R and the EGFR are independently essential for mammary gland development, and as combined application of IGF-1 and EGF, through their respective receptors, has been found to synergistically stimulate the growth of human breast epithelial cells, these growth factor systems appear to work together in mediating breast development.[72][73][74]

text: Elevated levels of HGF and, to a lesser extent, IGF-1 (by 5.4-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively), in breast stromal tissue, have been found in macromastia, a very rare condition of extremely and excessively large breast size.[75] Exposure of macromastic breast stromal tissue to non-macromastic breast epithelial tissue was found to cause increased alveolar morphogenesis and epithelial proliferation in the latter.[75] A neutralizing antibody for HGF, but not for IGF-1 or EGF, was found to attenuate the proliferation of breast epithelial tissue caused by exposure to macromastic breast stromal cells, potentially directly implicating HGF in the breast growth and enlargement seen in macromastia.[75] Also, a genome-wide association study has highly implicated HGF and its receptor, c-Met, in breast cancer aggressiveness.[76]

text: Lactation[edit]

text: Upon parturition (childbirth), estrogen and progesterone rapidly drop to very low levels, with progesterone levels being undetectable.[15] Conversely, prolactin levels remain elevated.[15][24] As estrogen and progesterone block prolactin-induced lactogenesis by suppressing prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression in breast tissue, their sudden absence results in the commencement of milk production and lactation by prolactin.[15][24] Expression of the PRLR in breast tissue may increase by as much as 20-fold when estrogen and progesterone levels drop upon childbirth.[15] With suckling from the infant, prolactin and oxytocin are secreted and mediate milk production and letdown, respectively.[15][16][24] Prolactin suppresses the secretion of LH and FSH, which in turn results in continued low levels of estrogen and progesterone, and temporary amenorrhea (absence of menstrual cycles) occurs.[24] In the absence of regular, episodic suckling, which keeps prolactin concentrations high, levels of prolactin will quickly drop, the menstrual cycle will resume and hence normal estrogen and progesterone levels will return, and lactation will cease (that is, until next parturition, or until induced lactation (i.e., with a galactogogue), occurs).[24]

text: Breast size and cancer risk[edit]

text: Some factors of breast morphology, including their density, are clearly implicated in breast cancer. While breast size is moderately heritable, the relationship between breast size and cancer is uncertain. The genetic variants influencing breast size have not been identified.[77]

text: Through genome-wide association studies, a variety of genetic polymorphisms have been linked to breast size.[77] Some of these include rs7816345 near ZNF703 (zinc finger protein 703); rs4849887 and rs17625845 flanking INHBB (inhibin βB); rs12173570 near ESR1 (ERα); rs7089814 in ZNF365 (zinc finger protein 365); rs12371778 near PTHLH (parathyroid hormone-like hormone); rs62314947 near AREG (amphiregulin);[77] as well as rs10086016 at 8p11.23 (which is in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs7816345) and rs5995871 at 22q13 (contains the MKL1 gene, which has been found to modulate the transcriptional activity of ERα).[78] Many of these polymorphisms are also associated with the risk of developing breast cancer, revealing a potential positive association between breast size and breast cancer risk.[77][78] However, conversely, some polymorphisms show a negative association between breast size and breast cancer risk.[78] In any case, a meta-analysis concluded that breast size and risk of breast cancer are indeed importantly related.[79]

text: Circulating IGF-1 levels are positively associated with breast volume in women.[80] In addition, the absence of the common 19-repeat allele in the IGF1 gene is also positively associated with breast volume in women, as well as with high IGF-1 levels during oral contraceptive use and with lessening of the normal age-associated decline in circulating IGF-1 concentrations in women.[80] There is great variation in the prevalence of the IGF1 19-repeat allele between ethnic groups, and its absence has been reported to be highest among African-American women.[80]

text: Genetic variations in the AR have been linked to both breast volume (as well as body mass index) and breast cancer aggressiveness.[81]

text: COX-2 expression has been positively associated with breast volume and inflammation in breast tissue, as well as with breast cancer risk and prognosis.[56]

text: Rare mutations[edit]

text: Women with CAIS, who are completely insensitive to the AR-mediated actions of androgens, have, as a group, above-average sized breasts. This is true despite the fact that they simultaneously have relatively low levels of estrogen, which demonstrates the powerful suppressant effect of androgens on estrogen-mediated breast development.[32]

text: Aromatase excess syndrome, an extremely rare condition characterized by marked hyperestrogenism, is associated with precocious breast development and macromastia in females and similarly precocious gynecomastia (women's breasts) in males.[82][83][84] In complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, a condition in which the AR is defective and insensitive to androgens, there is full breast development with breast volumes that are in fact above average in spite of relatively low levels of estrogen (50 pg/mL estradiol).[32] In aromatase deficiency, a form of hypoestrogenism in which aromatase is defective and cannot synthesize estrogen, and in complete estrogen insensitivity syndrome, a condition in which ERα is defective and insensitive to estrogen, breast development is completely absent.[85][86][87]

text: Gallery[edit]

text: Tanner stages of pubertal breast development


document_title: National Football League Most Valuable Player Award

question_text: who won the mvp in football this year

question_tokens: who won the mvp in football this year

text: Associated Press NFL MVP award[edit]

text: The AP has presented an MVP award since 1957.[3][4] The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before the Super Bowl.

text:
Season
Player
Team
Position

1957
Brown, JimJim Brown
Cleveland Browns
Running back

1958
Brown, JimJim Brown (2)
Cleveland Browns
Running back

1959
Unitas, JohnnyJohnny Unitas
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1960
Van Brocklin, NormNorm Van Brocklin
Philadelphia Eagles
Quarterback

1961
Hornung, PaulPaul Hornung
Green Bay Packers
Running back

1962
Taylor, JimJim Taylor
Green Bay Packers
Running back

1963
Tittle, Y. A.Y. A. Tittle
New York Giants
Quarterback

1964
Unitas, JohnnyJohnny Unitas (2)
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1965
Brown, JimJim Brown (3)
Cleveland Browns
Running back

1966
Starr, BartBart Starr
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1967
Unitas, JohnnyJohnny Unitas (3)
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1968
Morrall, EarlEarl Morrall
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1969
Gabriel, RomanRoman Gabriel
Los Angeles Rams
Quarterback

1970
Brodie, JohnJohn Brodie
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1971
Page, AlanAlan Page
Minnesota Vikings
Defensive tackle

1972
Brown, LarryLarry Brown
Washington Redskins
Running back

1973
Simpson, O. J.O. J. Simpson
Buffalo Bills
Running back

1974
Stabler, KenKen Stabler
Oakland Raiders
Quarterback

1975
Tarkenton, FranFran Tarkenton
Minnesota Vikings
Quarterback

1976
Jones, BertBert Jones
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1977
Payton, WalterWalter Payton
Chicago Bears
Running back

1978
Bradshaw, TerryTerry Bradshaw
Pittsburgh Steelers
Quarterback

1979
Campbell, EarlEarl Campbell
Houston Oilers
Running back

1980
Sipe, BrianBrian Sipe
Cleveland Browns
Quarterback

1981
Anderson, KenKen Anderson
Cincinnati Bengals
Quarterback

1982
Moseley, MarkMark Moseley
Washington Redskins
Placekicker

1983
Theismann, JoeJoe Theismann
Washington Redskins
Quarterback

1984
Marino, DanDan Marino
Miami Dolphins
Quarterback

1985
Allen, MarcusMarcus Allen
Los Angeles Raiders
Running back

1986
Taylor, LawrenceLawrence Taylor
New York Giants
Linebacker

1987
Elway, JohnJohn Elway
Denver Broncos
Quarterback

1988
Esiason, BoomerBoomer Esiason
Cincinnati Bengals
Quarterback

1989
Montana, JoeJoe Montana
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1990
Montana, JoeJoe Montana (2)
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1991
Thomas, ThurmanThurman Thomas
Buffalo Bills
Running back

1992
Young, SteveSteve Young
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1993
Smith, EmmittEmmitt Smith
Dallas Cowboys
Running back

1994
Young, SteveSteve Young (2)
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1995
Favre, BrettBrett Favre
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1996
Favre, BrettBrett Favre (2)
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1997
Favre, BrettBrett Favre (3)
Sanders, BarryBarry Sanders
Green Bay Packers
Detroit Lions
Quarterback
Running back

1998
Davis, TerrellTerrell Davis
Denver Broncos
Running back

1999
Warner, KurtKurt Warner
St. Louis Rams
Quarterback

2000
Faulk, MarshallMarshall Faulk
St. Louis Rams
Running back

2001
Warner, KurtKurt Warner (2)
St. Louis Rams
Quarterback

2002
Gannon, RichRich Gannon
Oakland Raiders
Quarterback

2003
Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning
McNair, SteveSteve McNair
Indianapolis Colts
Tennessee Titans
Quarterback
Quarterback

2004
Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning (2)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2005
Alexander, ShaunShaun Alexander
Seattle Seahawks
Running back

2006
Tomlinson, LaDainianLaDainian Tomlinson
San Diego Chargers
Running back

2007
Brady, TomTom Brady
New England Patriots
Quarterback

2008
Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning (3)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2009
Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning (4)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2010
Brady, TomTom Brady (2)
New England Patriots
Quarterback

2011
Rodgers, AaronAaron Rodgers
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

2012
Peterson, AdrianAdrian Peterson
Minnesota Vikings
Running back

2013
Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning (5)
Denver Broncos
Quarterback

2014
Rodgers, AaronAaron Rodgers (2)
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

2015
Newton, CamCam Newton
Carolina Panthers
Quarterback

2016
Ryan, MattMatt Ryan
Atlanta Falcons
Quarterback

2017
Brady, TomTom Brady (3)
New England Patriots
Quarterback

tag: table

text: Pro Football Writers Association NFL MVP award[edit]

text: Pro Football Writers of America began naming their most valuable player in 1975 and continue to do so as of the 2016 season.[1][5]

text:
Season
Player
Team
Position
Ref

1975
Fran Tarkenton
Minnesota Vikings
Quarterback

1976
Bert Jones
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1977
Walter Payton
Chicago Bears
Running back

1978
Earl Campbell
Houston Oilers
Running back

1979
Earl Campbell (2)
Houston Oilers
Running back

1980
Brian Sipe
Cleveland Browns
Quarterback

1981
Ken Anderson
Cincinnati Bengals
Quarterback

1982
Dan Fouts
San Diego Chargers
Quarterback

1983
Joe Theismann
Washington Redskins
Quarterback

1984
Dan Marino
Miami Dolphins
Quarterback

1985
Marcus Allen
Los Angeles Raiders
Running back

1986
Lawrence Taylor
New York Giants
Linebacker

1987
Jerry Rice
San Francisco 49ers
Wide receiver
[6]

1988
Boomer Esiason
Cincinnati Bengals
Quarterback
[7]

1989
Joe Montana
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1990
Randall Cunningham
Philadelphia Eagles
Quarterback

1991
Thurman Thomas
Buffalo Bills
Running back

1992
Steve Young
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1993
Emmitt Smith
Dallas Cowboys
Running back

1994
Steve Young (2)
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback
[8]

1995
Brett Favre
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1996
Brett Favre (2)
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1997
Barry Sanders
Detroit Lions
Running back

1998
Terrell Davis
Denver Broncos
Running back

1999
Kurt Warner
St. Louis Rams
Quarterback

2000
Marshall Faulk
St. Louis Rams
Running back

2001
Marshall Faulk (2)
St. Louis Rams
Running back

2002
Rich Gannon
Oakland Raiders
Quarterback

2003
Jamal Lewis
Baltimore Ravens
Running back

2004
Peyton Manning
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2005
Shaun Alexander
Seattle Seahawks
Running back

2006
LaDainian Tomlinson
San Diego Chargers
Running back

2007
Tom Brady
New England Patriots
Quarterback

2008
Peyton Manning (2)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2009
Peyton Manning (3)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2010
Tom Brady (2)
New England Patriots
Quarterback

2011
Aaron Rodgers
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

2012
Adrian Peterson
Minnesota Vikings
Running back

2013
Peyton Manning (4)
Denver Broncos
Quarterback
[9]

2014
Aaron Rodgers (2)
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback
[10]

2015
Cam Newton
Carolina Panthers
Quarterback
[1]

2016
Matt Ryan
Atlanta Falcons
Quarterback
[11]

2017
Tom Brady (3)
New England Patriots
Quarterback
[12]

text: Sporting News NFL Player of the Year award[edit]

text: Sporting News began awarding a National Football League (NFL) player of the year award in 1954. From 1970 to 1979, Sporting News chose American Football Conference (AFC) and National Football Conference (NFC) players of the year, and returned to a single winner in 1980. Beginning in 2012 Sporting News chose an offensive player of the year and a defensive player of the year.[13][14]

text:
Season
Player
Team
Position

1954
Lou Groza
Cleveland Browns
Tackle-K

1955
Otto Graham
Cleveland Browns
Quarterback

1956
Frank Gifford
New York Giants
Running back

1957
Jim Brown
Cleveland Browns
Fullback

1958
Jim Brown (2)
Cleveland Browns
Fullback

1959
Johnny Unitas
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1960
Norm Van Brocklin
Philadelphia Eagles
Quarterback

1961
Paul Hornung
Green Bay Packers
Running back

1962
Y. A. Tittle
New York Giants
Quarterback

1963
Y. A. Tittle (2)
New York Giants
Quarterback

1964
Johnny Unitas (2)
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1965
Jim Brown (3)
Cleveland Browns
Running back

1966
Bart Starr
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1967
Johnny Unitas (3)
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1968
Earl Morrall
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1969
Roman Gabriel
Los Angeles Rams
Quarterback

1970
NFC- John Brodie
AFC- George Blanda
San Francisco 49ers
Oakland Raiders
Quarterback
QB-K

1971
NFC- Roger Staubach
AFC- Bob Griese
Dallas Cowboys
Miami Dolphins
Quarterback
Quarterback

1972
NFC- Larry Brown
AFC- Earl Morrall (2)
Washington Redskins
Miami Dolphins
Running back
Quarterback

1973
NFC- John Hadl
AFC- O.J. Simpson
Los Angeles Rams
Buffalo Bills
Quarterback
Running back

1974
NFC- Chuck Foreman
AFC- Ken Stabler
Minnesota Vikings
Oakland Raiders
Running back
Quarterback

1975
NFC- Fran Tarkenton
AFC- O. J. Simpson (2)
Minnesota Vikings
Buffalo Bills
Quarterback
Running Back

1976
NFC- Walter Payton
AFC- Ken Stabler (2)
Chicago Bears
Oakland Raiders
Running back
Quarterback

1977
NFC- Walter Payton (2)
AFC- Craig Morton
Chicago Bears
Denver Broncos
Running back
Quarterback

1978
NFC- Archie Manning
AFC- Earl Campbell
New Orleans Saints
Houston Oilers
Quarterback
Running back

1979
NFC- Ottis Anderson
AFC- Dan Fouts
St. Louis Cardinals
San Diego Chargers
Running back
Quarterback

1980
Brian Sipe
Cleveland Browns
Quarterback

1981
Ken Anderson
Cincinnati Bengals
Quarterback

1982
Mark Moseley
Washington Redskins
Kicker

1983
Eric Dickerson
Los Angeles Rams
Running back

1984
Dan Marino
Miami Dolphins
Quarterback

1985
Marcus Allen[15]
Los Angeles Raiders
Running back

1986
Lawrence Taylor
New York Giants
Linebacker

1987
Jerry Rice
San Francisco 49ers
Wide Receiver

1988
Boomer Esiason
Cincinnati Bengals
Quarterback

1989
Joe Montana
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1990
Jerry Rice (2)
San Francisco 49ers
Wide Receiver

1991
Thurman Thomas
Buffalo Bills
Running back

1992
Steve Young
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1993
Emmitt Smith
Dallas Cowboys
Running back

1994
Steve Young (2)
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1995
Brett Favre
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1996
Brett Favre (2)
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1997
Barry Sanders
Detroit Lions
Running back

1998
Terrell Davis
Denver Broncos
Running back

1999
Kurt Warner
St. Louis Rams
Quarterback

2000
Marshall Faulk
St. Louis Rams
Running back

2001
Marshall Faulk (2)
St. Louis Rams
Running back

2002
Rich Gannon
Oakland Raiders
Quarterback

2003
Peyton Manning
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2004
Peyton Manning (2)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2005
Shaun Alexander
Seattle Seahawks
Running back

2006
LaDainian Tomlinson
San Diego Chargers
Running back

2007
Tom Brady
New England Patriots
Quarterback

2008
Peyton Manning (3)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2009
Peyton Manning (4)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2010
Tom Brady (2)
New England Patriots
Quarterback

2011
Aaron Rodgers
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

2012
Adrian Peterson
Minnesota Vikings
Running back

2013
Peyton Manning (5)
Denver Broncos
Quarterback

2014
Aaron Rodgers (2)
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

2015
Cam Newton
Carolina Panthers
Quarterback

2016
Tom Brady (3)
New England Patriots
Quarterback

2017
Tom Brady (4)
New England Patriots
Quarterback

text: Defunct awards[edit]

text: Newspaper Enterprise Association NFL MVP award[edit]

text: The Newspaper Enterprise Association presented its MVP award from 1955 to 2008.[16] The winner was chosen by a poll of NFL players and received the Jim Thorpe Trophy,[17] which by 1975 was described as "one of the pros' most coveted honors."[18] Beginning in 1997, the trophy was presented by the Jim Thorpe Association, with the winner determined by a "vote of NFLPA representatives".[19]

text:
Season
Player
Team
Position
Ref

1955
Harlon Hill
Chicago Bears
End
[20]

1956
Frank Gifford
New York Giants
Running back
[21]

1957
Johnny Unitas
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback
[22]

1958
Jim Brown
Cleveland Browns
Fullback
[23]

1959
Charlie Conerly
New York Giants
Quarterback
[24]

1960
Norm Van Brocklin
Philadelphia Eagles
Quarterback
[17]

1961
Y. A. Tittle
New York Giants
Quarterback
[25]

1962
Jim Taylor
Green Bay Packers
Running back
[26]

1963
Y. A. Tittle (2)
Jim Brown (2)
New York Giants
Cleveland Browns
Quarterback
Running back
[27]

1964
Lenny Moore
Baltimore Colts
Halfback
[28]

1965
Jim Brown (3)
Cleveland Browns
Running back
[29]

1966
Bart Starr
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback
[30]

1967
Johnny Unitas (2)
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback
[31]

1968
Earl Morrall
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback
[32]

1969
Roman Gabriel
Los Angeles Rams
Quarterback
[33]

1970
John Brodie
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback
[34]

1971
Bob Griese
Miami Dolphins
Quarterback
[35]

1972
Larry Brown
Washington Redskins
Running back

1973
O. J. Simpson
Buffalo Bills
Running back

1974
Ken Stabler
Oakland Raiders
Quarterback

1975
Fran Tarkenton
Minnesota Vikings
Quarterback
[36]

1976
Bert Jones
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1977
Walter Payton
Chicago Bears
Running back

1978
Earl Campbell
Houston Oilers
Running back
[37]

1979
Earl Campbell (2)
Houston Oilers
Running back

1980
Earl Campbell (3)
Houston Oilers
Running back
[38]

1981
Ken Anderson
Cincinnati Bengals
Quarterback

1982
Dan Fouts
San Diego Chargers
Quarterback

1983
Joe Theismann
Washington Redskins
Quarterback

1984
Dan Marino
Miami Dolphins
Quarterback

1985
Walter Payton (2)
Chicago Bears
Running back

1986
Phil Simms
New York Giants
Quarterback

1987
Jerry Rice
San Francisco 49ers
Wide receiver

1988
Roger Craig
San Francisco 49ers
Running back

1989
Joe Montana
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1990
Warren Moon
Houston Oilers
Quarterback

1991
Thurman Thomas
Buffalo Bills
Running back

1992
Emmitt Smith
Dallas Cowboys
Running back

1993
Emmitt Smith (2)
Dallas Cowboys
Running back

1994
Steve Young
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback

1995
Brett Favre
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1996
Brett Favre (2)
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1997
Barry Sanders
Detroit Lions
Running back

1998
Randall Cunningham
Minnesota Vikings
Quarterback

1999
Kurt Warner
St. Louis Rams
Quarterback

2000
Marshall Faulk
St. Louis Rams
Running back

2001
Kurt Warner (2)
St. Louis Rams
Quarterback

2002
Rich Gannon
Oakland Raiders
Quarterback

2003
Peyton Manning
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2004
Peyton Manning (2)
Indianapolis Colts
Quarterback

2005
Shaun Alexander
Seattle Seahawks
Running back

2006
LaDainian Tomlinson
San Diego Chargers
Running back

2007
Tom Brady
New England Patriots
Quarterback

2008
Kurt Warner (3)
Arizona Cardinals
Quarterback

text: Joe F. Carr Trophy[edit]

text: The Joe F. Carr Trophy was the first award in the NFL to recognize a most valuable player. It was named in honor of NFL commissioner Joseph Carr and remains the only MVP award the NFL has officially sanctioned.[39]

text:
Season
Player
Team
Position

1938
Mel Hein
New York Giants
Center, linebacker

1939
Parker Hall
Cleveland Rams
Quarterback, halfback

1940
Ace Parker
Brooklyn Dodgers
Quarterback, halfback

1941
Don Hutson
Green Bay Packers
End

1942
Don Hutson (2)
Green Bay Packers
End

1943
Sid Luckman
Chicago Bears
Quarterback

1944
Frank Sinkwich
Detroit Lions
Halfback

1945
Bob Waterfield
Cleveland Rams
Quarterback

1946
Bill Dudley
Pittsburgh Steelers
Halfback

text: United Press International NFL MVP/POY award[edit]

text: United Press International gave an NFL MVP/player of the year award from 1948 through 1969, excepting 1949–50, and 1952. In 1970 UPI instituted separate awards for the NFC and AFC. In 1975 UPI added a Defensive Player of the Year Award for both the NFC and AFC.[40]

text:
Season
Player
Team
Position
Ref

1948
Pat Harder
Chicago Cardinals
Fullback
[41]

1949

No Award

1950

No Award

1951
Otto Graham
Cleveland Browns
Quarterback

1952

No Award

1953
Otto Graham (2)
Cleveland Browns
Quarterback
[42]

1954
Joe Perry
San Francisco 49ers
Fullback
[43]

1955
Otto Graham (3)
Cleveland Browns
Quarterback

1956
Frank Gifford
New York Giants
Halfback

1957
Y. A. Tittle
San Francisco 49ers
Quarterback
[44]

1958
Jim Brown
Cleveland Browns
Fullback
[45]

1959
Johnny Unitas
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1960
Norm Van Brocklin
Philadelphia Eagles
Quarterback
[46]

1961
Paul Hornung
Green Bay Packers
Halfback

1962
Y. A. Tittle (2)
New York Giants
Quarterback

1963
Jim Brown (2)
Cleveland Browns
Fullback

1964
Johnny Unitas (2)
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1965
Jim Brown (3)
Cleveland Browns
Fullback

1966
Bart Starr
Green Bay Packers
Quarterback

1967
Johnny Unitas (3)
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1968
Earl Morrall
Baltimore Colts
Quarterback

1969
Roman Gabriel
Los Angeles Rams
Quarterback


document_title: A Bushel and a Peck

question_text: where did the song i love you a bushel and a peck come from

text: A Bushel and a Peck

text:
"A Bushel and a Peck"

Song

Published
1950

Songwriter(s)
Frank Loesser

text: "A Bushel and a Peck" is a popular song written by Frank Loesser and published in 1950. The song was introduced in the Broadway musical Guys and Dolls, which opened at the 46th Street Theater on November 24, 1950. It was performed on stage by Vivian Blaine, who later reprised her role as Miss Adelaide in the 1955 film version of the play. "A Bushel and a Peck," however, was not included in the film, and instead replaced by a new song, titled "Pet Me, Poppa."

text: A popular recording by Perry Como and Betty Hutton (made on September 12, 1950, and released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 47-3930) first reached the Billboard magazine charts on October 27, 1950, and lasted 18 weeks on the chart, peaking at #6.[1]

text: Another contemporary recording that had some popularity was by Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely (recorded on September 13, 1950, and released by Capitol Records as catalog number 1234). The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on October 20, 1950, and lasted 13 weeks on the chart, peaking at #13.[1]

text: Doris Day's recording (made on September 13, 1950, and released by Columbia Records as 78rpm catalog number 39008 and 45rpm catalog number 6-838) made the chart on January 5, 1951, at #30 for one week.[1] Day's rendition of the song enjoyed a surge in popularity due to its usage in a 2017 State Farm Insurance TV commercial.[2]

text: Many other recording artists also did versions of the song.

text: On Cash Box magazine's Best-Selling Record charts, where all versions of the song are combined, the song reached #5 on December 2, 1950.

text: The song gained so much popularity before the musical actually opened that it was moved from its original spot at the start of the second act into the first act.[citation needed]

text: The number, in context of the show, can be performed either as "Miss Adelaide and her Chick Chick Chickedies," where the girls are dressed in yellow feathers, or as "Miss Adelaide and the Hot Box Farmerettes," where skimpy plantation outfits are worn (often jean cutoffs and checkered racing shirts or short gingham sundresses).[citation needed]

text: Recorded versions[edit]

text:
The Andrews Sisters (1953)
Vivian Blaine (1953)
Perry Como and Betty Hutton (1950)
Doris Day (1950)
Johnny Desmond (1953)
Connie Haines (1950)
Frankie Laine and Jo Stafford (1953)
Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely (1950)
Sharon, Lois & Bram From In The Schoolyard(1981)T.V recording (1987)
VeggieTales Junior's Bedtime Songs (2002)
Dan Zanes & Friends Rocket Ship Beach (1990)
Faith Prince Guys and Dolls 1992 Broadway Revival Cast Recording


document_title: List of countries by refugee population

question_text: who takes in the most refugees per capita

text: List of countries by refugee population

text: By country of asylum[edit]

text: The below table is based on UNHCR data and does not include data for people of concern to the UNRWA or those not known to the UNHCR. These people have fled their country/territory of origin and registered with the UNHCR in these countries or territories.

text:
UNHCR registered refugees by country/territory of asylum between mid-2015 and 2007

Country/territory of asylum
Refugees per 1,000 inhabitants in mid-2015
[1]

mid-2015 [2]
2014 [3]
2013 [4]
2012 [5]
2011 [6]
2010 [7]
2009 [8]
2008 [9]
2007 [10]

Afghanistan
7.14
205,558
280,267
72
75
66
43
37
37
42

Albania
0.05
154
104
96
86
82
76
70
65
77

Algeria
2.42
94,144
94,128
94,150
94,133
94,148
94,144
94,137
94,093
94,137

Angola
0.64
15,572
15,474
23,783
23,413
16,223
15,155
14,734
12,710
12,069

Argentina
0.08
3,523
3,498
3,362
3,488
3,361
3,276
3,230
2,845
3,263

Armenia
5.22
3,240
3,190
3,132
2,854
2,918
3,296
3,607
3,953
4,566

Aruba

1

Australia
1.51
35,582
35,582
34,503
30,083
23,434
21,805
22,548
20,919
22,164

Austria
7.13
60,747
60,747
55,598
51,730
47,073
42,630
38,906
37,557
30,773

Azerbaijan
0.14
1,357
1,299
1,380
1,468
1,730
1,891
1,642
2,061
2,352

Bahamas
0.02
7
13
15
30
21
21

Bahrain
0.20
277
311
294
289
199
165
139
48

Bangladesh
1.46
32,975
32,472
31,145
30,697
29,669
29,253
28,586
28,389
27,573

Barbados

1
1
1

Belarus
0.14
1,369
925
604
576
595
589
580
609
649

Belgium
2.77
31,115
29,179
25,629
22,024
22,402
17,892
15,545
17,026
17,575

Belize

10
21
28
78
134
230
277
358

Benin
0.05
488
415
194
4,966
7,217
7,139
7,205
6,933
7,621

Bolivia
0.07
767
763
748
733
716
695
679
664
632

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.78
6,805
6,890
6,926
6,903
6,933
7,016
7,132
7,257
7,367

Botswana
0.97
2,164
2,645
2,773
2,785
3,312
2,986
3,022
3,019
2,465

Brazil
0.04
7,762
7,490
5,196
4,689
4,477
4,357
4,232
3,852
3,783

British Virgin Islands

2
2
2

Bulgaria
1.53
11,046
11,046
4,320
2,288
5,688
5,530
5,393
5,129
4,836

Burkina Faso
1.93
34,027
31,894
29,234
39,306
546
531
543
557
535

Burundi
5.00
54,126
52,936
45,490
41,813
35,659
29,365
24,967
21,093
24,468

Cambodia
0.01
80
63
68
77
64
129
135
164
179

Cameroon
13.27
288,552
226,489
107,346
98,969
100,373
104,275
99,957
81,037
60,137

Canada
4.19
149,163
149,163
160,349
163,756
164,883
165,549
169,434
173,651
175,741

CAR
1.65
7,906
7,694
14,322
14,014
16,730
21,574
27,047
7,429
7,535

Cayman Islands
0.10
6
6
6
3
3
1
1

Chad
30.97
420,774
452,897
434,479
373,695
366,494
347,939
314,393
302,687
294,017

Chile
0.10
1,798
1,773
1,743
1,695
1,674
1,621
1,539
1,613
1,376

China
0.22
301,057
301,052
301,047
301,037
301,018
300,986
300,989
300,967
301,078

Colombia

219
213
224
219
219
212
196
170
168

Congo
13.65
61,492
54,842
51,037
98,455
141,232
133,112
111,411
24,779
38,472

Costa Rica
0.73
3,475
12,924
12,749
12,629
12,571
12,371
12,298
11,923
11,604

Ivory Coast
0.09
1,972
1,925
2,980
3,980
24,221
26,218
24,604
24,811
24,647

Croatia
0.17
669
679
656
690
782
863
1,149
1,378
1,642

Cuba
0.03
313
280
384
371
384
411
454
525
615

Curaçao
0.28
44
37
15
14
6
7

Cyprus
4.99
5,763
5,126
3,883
3,631
3,503
3,394
2,888
1,465
1,194

Czech Republic
0.30
3,137
3,137
2,979
2,805
2,449
2,449
2,323
2,110
2,037

DRC
2.14
160,271
119,754
113,362
65,109
152,749
166,336
185,809
155,162
177,390

Denmark
3.15
17,785
17,785
13,170
11,814
13,399
17,922
20,355
23,401
26,788

Djibouti
16.88
14,787
20,530
20,015
19,139
20,340
15,104
12,111
9,228
6,651

Dominican Republic
0.06
609
608
721
758
595
599

Ecuador
7.65
53,378
53,817
54,865
55,480
55,092
52,905
45,192
19,098
14,903

Egypt
2.53
226,344
236,090
230,086
109,933
95,087
95,056
94,406
97,861
97,556

El Salvador
0.01
48
35
44
45
38
38
30
32
39

Eritrea
0.58
2,944
2,898
3,166
3,600
4,719
4,809
4,751
4,862
5,031

Estonia
0.09
117
90
70
63
50
39
24
22
18

Ethiopia
7.24
702,467
659,524
433,936
376,393
288,844
154,295
121,886
83,583
85,183

Fiji
0.01
12
13
5
6
7
1
2

Finland
2.15
11,798
11,798
11,252
9,919
9,175
8,724
7,447
6,617
6,204

France
4.13
264,972
252,264
232,487
217,865
210,207
200,687
196,364
160,017
151,789

Gabon
0.60
1,008
1,013
1,594
1,663
1,773
9,015
8,845
9,001
8,826

Gambia
6.11
11,773
11,608
9,563
9,853
9,528
8,378
10,118
14,836
14,895

Georgia
0.41
1,060
442
356
329
462
639
870
996
1,047

Germany
3.10
250,299
216,973
187,567
589,737
571,685
594,269
593,799
582,735
578,879

Ghana
0.69
18,476
18,450
18,681
16,016
13,588
13,828
13,658
18,206
34,958

Greece
0.75
7,304
7,304
3,485
2,100
1,573
1,444
1,695
2,164
2,228

Grenada

3

Guatemala
0.01
202
164
160
159
147
138
131
130
379

Guinea
0.71
8,704
8,766
8,560
10,371
16,609
14,113
15,325
21,488
25,226

Guinea-Bissau
4.82
8,684
8,684
8,535
7,784
7,800
7,679
7,898
7,884
7,860

Guyana
0.01
11
11
11
7
7
7

Haiti

5
3

3
3
1

Honduras

23
26
16
16
17
14
19
24
22

Hong Kong
0.02
151
170
126
117
152
154
86
103
97

Hungary
0.42
4,192
2,867
2,440
4,054
5,106
5,414
6,044
7,750
8,131

Iceland
0.32
104
99
79
60
58
83
62
49
49

India
0.15
200,383
199,937
188,395
185,656
185,118
184,821
185,323
184,543
161,537

Indonesia
0.02
5,277
4,270
3,206
1,819
1,006
811
798
369
315

Iran
12.53
979,441
982,027
857,354
868,242
886,468
1,073,366
1,070,488
980,109
963,546

Iraq
8.17
288,035
271,143
246,298
98,822
35,189
34,655
35,218
39,503
42,354

Ireland
1.25
5,853
5,853
6,001
6,327
8,249
9,107
9,571
9,730
9,333

Israel
4.85
361
330
184
104
1,116
337
382
394
1,156

Italy
1.57
93,715
93,715
76,264
64,779
58,060
56,397
54,965
47,061
38,068

Jamaica
0.01
15
22
21
20
20
21
26

Japan
0.02
2,419
2,560
2,584
2,581
2,649
2,586
2,332
2,019
1,794

Jordan
89.55
664,102
654,141
641,915
302,707
451,009
450,915
450,756
500,413
500,281

Kazakhstan
0.04
662
633
584
564
616
714
4,340
4,352
4,285

Kenya
12.31
552,272
551,352
534,938
564,933
566,487
402,905
358,928
320,605
265,729

Kuwait
0.16
593
614
635
674
335
184
221
238
159

Kyrgyzstan
0.07
433
482
466
437
595
508
423
375
370

Latvia
0.10
195
183
160
125
95
68
43
32
29

Lebanon
208.91
1,172,388
1,154,040
856,546
133,538
8,845
7,949
50,300
50,319
50,266

Lesotho
0.02
44
44
30
34
34

Liberia
8.85
38,904
38,587
53,245
65,901
128,285
24,735
6,944
10,216
10,458

Libya
4.47
27,948
27,964
25,561
7,065
7,540
7,923
9,005
6,713
4,098

Liechtenstein
2.89
107
103
97
102
94
92
91
89
283

Lithuania
0.36
1,055
1,007
916
871
821
803
793
751
688

Luxembourg
2.14
1,192
1,108
920
2,910
2,855
3,254
3,230
3,109
2,737

Macao

1

6

Macedonia
0.40
584
614
687
750
801
959
1,065
1,153
1,164

Madagascar

10
11
12
9
9

Malawi
0.54
8,963
5,874
5,796
6,544
6,308
5,740
5,443
4,175
2,929

Malaysia
3.26
97,385
99,086
96,868
89,210
85,754
80,651
65,350
36,088
32,243

Mali
0.88
14,970
15,195
14,316
13,928
15,624
13,558
13,538
9,578
9,203

Malta
14.58
6,095
6,095
9,906
8,248
6,952
6,136
5,955
4,331
3,000

Mauritania
19.36
50,851
49,635
66,767
54,496
535
717
795
1,041
971

Mexico
0.02
2,158
1,837
1,831
1,520
1,677
1,395
1,235
1,055
1,616

Micronesia

1
1
2

Moldova
0.10
389
335
250
185
146
148
141
148
151

Monaco
0.87
33
33
34
37
37

Mongolia

11
6
9
4
1
12
11
11
5

Montenegro
9.92
6,203
6,462
8,476
11,198
12,874
16,364
24,019
24,741
8,528

Morocco
0.06
2,144
1,216
1,470
744
736
792
773
766
786

Mozambique
0.17
4,552
4,536
4,445
4,398
4,079
4,077
3,547
3,163
2,767

Namibia
0.69
1,659
1,767
2,332
1,806
6,049
7,254
7,163
6,799
6,525

Nauru
50.60
506
389

Nepal
1.29
36,287
38,490
46,305
56,264
70,268
87,514
106,164
122,332
128,181

Netherlands
4.89
82,494
82,494
74,707
71,909
74,598
74,961
76,008
77,600
86,587

New Zealand
0.30
1,349
1,349
1,403
1,517
1,934
2,307
3,289
2,716
2,740

Nicaragua
0.06
361
280
189
129
86
64
120
147
184

Niger
4.29
82,064
77,830
57,661
50,510
302
314
325
320
319

Nigeria
0.01
1,279
1,239
1,694
3,154
8,806
8,747
9,127
10,124
8,460

Norway
9.14
47,043
47,043
46,106
42,822
40,691
40,260
37,826
36,101
34,522

Oman
0.03
122
151
138
138
83
78
26
7
7

Pakistan
8.33
1,540,854
1,505,525
1,616,507
1,638,456
1,702,700
1,900,621
759,392
765,720
887,273

Palau
0.05
1
1
1
1
1

11

Panama
4.47
2,303
2,271
2,665
2,429
2,262
2,073
1,923
1,913
1,890

Papua New Guinea
1.27
4,929
4,929
4,797
4,802
4,810
4,698
4,703
10,006
10,003

Paraguay
0.02
161
153
136
133
124
107
89
75
62

Peru
0.05
1,407
1,303
1,162
1,122
1,144
1,146
1,108
1,075
995

Philippines

254
222
182
141
125
243
95
104
106

Poland
0.41
15,741
15,741
16,438
15,911
15,847
15,555
15,320
12,774
10,053

Portugal
0.07
699
699
598
483
408
384
389
403
353

Qatar
0.06
133
133
130
80
80
51
29
13
46

South Korea
0.03
1,313
1,173
548
487
401
358
268
172
118

Romania
0.12
2,426
2,182
1,770
1,262
1,005
1,021
1,069
1,596
1,757

Russia
2.20
315,313
235,750
3,458
3,178
3,914
4,922
4,880
3,479
1,655

Rwanda
11.70
132,743
73,820
73,349
58,212
55,325
55,398
54,016
55,062
53,577

Saint Kitts and Nevis
0.02
1
1

Saint Lucia
0.01
2
3
5
2
2

Sint Maarten
0.08
3
3
3
3
3
1

Saudi Arabia
0.01
184
534
532
550
572
555
548
240,572
240,742

Senegal
0.97
14,304
14,274
14,247
14,237
20,644
20,672
22,151
33,193
20,421

Serbia and Kosovo
3.97
35,309
43,751
57,083
66,370
70,707
73,608
86,351
96,739
97,995

Sierra Leone
0.22
1,371
1,372
2,817
4,204
8,092
8,363
9,051
7,826
8,795

Singapore

3
3
3
3
7
7
10
10

Slovakia
0.15
799
799
701
662
546
461
401
317
279

Slovenia
0.14
283
257
213
176
142
312
289
268
263

Solomon Islands
0.01
3
3

Somalia
0.34
3,582
2,729
2,425
2,264
2,099
1,937
1,815
1,842
901

South Africa
2.12
114,512
112,192
65,987
65,233
57,899
57,899
47,974
43,546
36,736

South Sudan
22.32
265,887
248,152
229,587
202,581
105,023

Spain
0.13
5,798
5,798
4,637
4,510
4,228
3,820
3,970
4,661
5,147

Sri Lanka
0.04
848
511
145
110
188
223
251
269
182

Sudan
9.05
322,638
244,430
124,328
126,218
113,439
144,008
152,375
181,605
222,722

Suriname

1

1
1
1
1

Swaziland
0.42
539
515
507
505
759
759
759
775
789

Sweden
14.66
142,207
142,207
114,175
92,872
86,615
82,629
81,356
77,038
75,078

Switzerland
8.45
69,390
62,620
52,464
50,747
50,416
48,813
46,203
46,132
45,653

Syria
7.95
149,200
149,140
149,292
476,506
755,445
1,005,472
1,054,466
1,105,698
1,503,769

Tajikistan
0.21
1,782
2,026
2,048
2,248
3,323
3,131
2,679
1,799
1,133

Tanzania
3.07
159,014
88,492
102,099
101,021
131,243
109,286
118,731
321,909
435,630

Thailand
1.63
56,947
75,137
78,970
84,479
89,253
96,675
105,297
112,932
125,643

East Timor

1
1
1
1

Togo
3.07
21,877
21,778
20,613
23,540
19,270
14,051
8,531
9,377
1,328

Tonga

3
3
2

Trinidad and Tobago
0.09
121
83
20
18
22
29
37
33
22

Tunisia
0.07
824
901
730
1,435
3,048
89
92
94
101

Turks and Caicos Islands
0.12
4
4
4

Turkey
23.72
1,838,848
1,587,374
609,938
267,063
14,465
10,032
10,350
11,103
6,956

Turkmenistan
0.01
27
35
45
46
59
62
60
79
125

Uganda
11.34
428,397
385,513
220,555
197,877
139,448
135,801
127,345
162,132
228,959

Ukraine
0.07
3,232
3,219
2,968
2,807
2,676
2,522
2,334
2,201
2,277

UAE
0.05
424
417
603
631
677
538
279
209
159

United Kingdom
1.82
117,234
117,234
126,055
149,799
193,510
238,150
269,363
292,097
299,718

United States
0.84
267,222
267,222
263,662
262,023
264,763
264,574
275,461
279,548
281,219

Uruguay
0.08
289
272
203
181
174
189
168
145
140

Uzbekistan

118
125
141
176
214
311
555
821
1,054

Vanuatu

2
2

4
4
3
1

Venezuela
5.68
5,647
5,052
4,340
3,644
2,022
1,547
1,313
1,161
907

Vietnam

990
1,928
2,357
2,357
2,357

Yemen
10.05
263,047
257,645
241,288
237,182
214,740
190,092
170,854
140,169
117,363

Zambia
1.64
25,737
25,578
23,594
25,653
45,632
47,857
56,785
83,485
112,931

Zimbabwe
0.40
6,085
6,079
6,389
4,356
4,561
4,435
3,995
3,468
3,981

text: By country of origin[edit]

text: The below table is based on UNHCR data and does not include data for people of concern to the UNRWA or those not know to the UNHCR. These people registered with the UNHCR outside of their country of origin.

text:
UNHCR registered refugees by country/territory of origin between 2014 and 2006

Country/territory of origin
 % of the country's population were refugees in 2014[11]
2014 [12]
2013 [13]
2012 [14]
2011 [15]
2010 [16]
2009 [17]
2008 [18]
2007 [19]
2006 [20]

Afghanistan
7.59
2,596,270
2,556,502
2,586,152
2,664,436
3,054,709
1,905,804
1,817,913
1,909,911
2,107,519

Albania
0.35
10,158
10,103
12,568
13,551
14,772
15,711
15,006
15,340
14,080

Algeria
0.01
3,524
3,660
5,673
6,120
6,688
8,184
9,060
10,615
8,353

Andorra
0.01
7
5
7
6
6
6
6
9
10

Angola
0.04
9,484
10,286
19,258
128,664
134,858
141,021
171,393
186,155
206,501

Antigua and Barbuda
0.06
53
49
45
32
30
28
26
25
19

Argentina
0.00
318
388
447
518
557
608
1,047
1,171
894

Armenia
0.39
11,848
11,998
15,934
16,486
17,546
18,000
16,336
15,436
14,918

Australia
0.00
25
28
48
39
37
28
43
63
29

Austria
0.00
10
10
12
11
10
12
14
23
34

Azerbaijan
0.11
10,515
10,814
15,537
16,162
16,753
16,939
16,319
15,916
126,068

Bahamas
0.06
215
210
196
185
17
15
15
14
14

Bahrain
0.03
347
275
297
215
87
79
80
73
62

Bangladesh
0.01
10,881
9,725
10,156
10,052
10,046
10,432
10,098
10,241
7,803

Barbados
0.03
86
67
55
45
32
29
34
38
27

Belarus
0.05
4,300
4,397
6,191
5,925
5,743
5,525
5,384
4,970
9,371

Belgium
0.00
75
78
93
90
83
71
61
60
64

Belize
0.01
45
40
39
32
23
17
20
17
18

Benin
0.00
340
302
457
461
442
411
318
265
215

Bhutan
3.00
23,642
31,567
41,590
55,603
72,776
86,773
102,465
108,098
108,073

Bolivia
0.01
600
601
618
611
590
573
454
428
374

Bosnia and Herzegovina
0.57
21,841
26,756
51,767
58,515
62,910
69,911
74,131
78,273
199,946

Botswana
0.01
237
168
127
85
53
30
26
16
12

Brazil
0.00
977
985
1,076
1,045
994
973
1,404
1,624
707

Brunei
0.00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2

Bulgaria
0.02
1,648
1,880
2,147
2,327
2,559
2,745
3,040
3,311
3,438

Burkina Faso
0.01
1,853
1,580
1,456
1,267
1,141
986
721
554
376

Burundi
0.67
72,493
72,647
73,363
101,288
84,064
94,239
281,592
375,715
396,541

Cambodia
0.09
13,062
13,713
13,993
15,184
16,301
17,011
17,245
17,697
17,965

Cameroon
0.05
10,766
11,427
13,382
15,163
14,963
14,766
13,870
11,508
10,384

Canada
0.00
95
99
119
105
90
99
101
530
95

Cape Verde
0.01
27
28
25
27
25
24
30
32
40

CAR
7.88
410,787
249,044
162,442
160,736
162,755
154,005
120,106
98,104
71,685

Cayman Islands
0.01
6
6
1
1
1

Chad
0.11
14,855
15,237
15,844
18,720
21,583
21,646
55,105
55,722
36,300

Chile
0.00
579
596
1,152
1,189
1,170
1,312
994
970
805

China
0.02
210,802
195,133
193,453
190,369
184,602
180,558
175,180
149,095
140,598

Colombia
0.22
103,150
108,117
111,773
113,605
113,233
104,388
77,232
70,120
72,796

Comoros
0.08
581
513
454
422
368
268
378
96
72

Congo
0.32
14,500
11,753
12,119
12,839
20,679
20,544
19,925
19,735
20,609

Cook Islands
0.00
1
1
1
1
1
1

Costa Rica
0.01
417
463
325
331
352
344
354
361
284

Ivory Coast
0.32
71,966
85,652
100,717
154,824
41,758
23,153
22,227
22,232
26,315

Croatia
0.93
40,122
49,756
62,606
62,649
65,861
76,478
97,012
100,423
93,767

Cuba
0.06
6,502
6,460
6,724
6,849
6,470
6,549
6,938
7,123
33,580

Curaçao
0.02
35
35

Cyprus
0.00
10
10
11
11
13
11
10
9
5

Czech Republic
0.01
1,327
991
622
763
817
1,067
1,358
1,384
2,138

Denmark
0.00
12
10
9
9
9
10
11
14
12

Djibouti
0.10
879
762
640
602
566
622
650
648
486

Dominica
0.05
38
43
54
52
52
53
56
58
49

Dominican Republic
0.00
349
306
289
250
246
230
318
358
150

DRC
0.69
516,563
499,355
509,082
491,481
476,693
455,852
367,995
370,386
401,914

Ecuador
0.01
804
707
844
909
852
1,027
1,066
1,332
887

Egypt
0.02
15,903
12,810
10,016
7,934
6,911
6,987
6,777
6,799
7,613

El Salvador
0.18
10,965
9,635
8,171
6,720
4,976
5,051
5,151
6,022
6,388

Equatorial Guinea
0.02
174
200
228
258
305
344
384
407
461

Eritrea
6.08
330,541
273,063
248,024
220,745
205,458
197,313
181,971
208,743
193,745

Estonia
0.03
339
352
456
224
240
248
248
262
626

Ethiopia
0.09
86,870
77,122
74,939
70,586
68,832
62,873
63,862
59,832
74,026

Fiji
0.10
924
1,112
1,317
1,579
1,851
1,892
1,868
1,828
1,685

Finland
0.00
7
7
7
7
6
6
4
4
6

France
0.00
93
98
100
99
92
87
101
101
82

French Polynesia
0.00

1

Gabon
0.01
172
176
183
173
165
144
129
116
95

Gambia
0.27
5,136
3,397
3,076
2,583
2,242
1,973
1,352
1,267
1,254

Georgia
0.17
6,681
6,778
9,261
9,612
10,143
10,020
7,598
6,810
6,340

Germany
0.00
176
175
182
174
164
170
166
129
114

Ghana
0.08
22,143
21,076
24,296
20,279
20,201
14,890
13,239
5,060
9,960

Gibraltar
0.01
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1

Greece
0.00
113
91
51
56
51
62
67
92
91

Grenada
0.30
324
330
316
323
345
333
312
297
202

Guatemala
0.05
7,483
6,615
6,388
6,088
5,679
5,768
5,934
6,161
6,496

Guinea
0.12
15,252
14,561
14,061
13,161
11,985
10,920
9,495
8,278
6,840

Guinea-Bissau
0.07
1,307
1,223
1,180
1,123
1,127
1,109
1,065
1,028
1,004

Guyana
0.09
700
800
801
771
749
727
708
677
537

Haiti
0.35
37,162
38,659
38,568
33,661
25,892
24,116
23,066
22,280
20,837

Honduras
0.05
4,159
3,300
2,613
1,966
1,302
1,166
1,116
1,236
1,035

Hong Kong
0.00
25
25
19
15
17
12
11
11
10

Hungary
0.01
1,267
1,220
1,087
1,238
1,438
1,537
1,614
3,386
3,118

Iceland
0.00
1
2
3
3
4
4
7
7
31

India
0.00
10,436
11,041
14,258
16,232
17,769
19,514
19,569
20,463
17,811

Indonesia
0.00
9,562
9,640
10,051
10,659
11,085
12,478
18,852
20,230
34,728

Iran
0.11
82,191
75,070
75,938
72,347
68,795
72,773
69,061
68,397
102,483

Iraq
1.04
369,954
401,466
746,190
1,428,308
1,683,575
1,785,212
1,873,519
2,279,245
1,450,905

Ireland
0.00
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
10
4

Israel
0.01
979
1,041
1,340
1,335
1,301
1,310
1,494
1,541
882

Italy
0.00
67
66
66
58
50
45
62
90
105

Jamaica
0.06
1,692
1,503
1,407
1,252
1,057
909
826
766
660

Japan
0.00
262
157
172
176
152
150
185
521
168

Jordan
0.02
1,718
1,632
2,358
2,248
2,252
2,127
1,889
1,786
1,604

Kazakhstan
0.01
2,224
2,123
3,571
3,500
3,640
3,744
4,825
5,235
7,376

Kenya
0.02
8,553
8,586
8,950
8,745
8,602
9,620
9,688
7,546
5,356

Kiribati
0.00
3
20
33
33
33
33
38
38
41

Kuwait
0.03
981
977
1,197
1,120
988
938
854
746
617

Kyrgyzstan
0.04
2,451
2,301
3,489
3,162
2,744
2,612
2,517
2,254
2,488

Laos
0.11
7,482
7,744
7,983
8,087
8,413
8,398
8,598
10,013
26,447

Latvia
0.01
213
233
662
709
713
791
763
662
1,424

Lebanon
0.08
4,273
3,819
15,106
15,013
15,869
16,259
12,966
13,093
12,252

Lesotho
0.00
17
15
13
11
11
10
8
7
9

Liberia
0.31
13,545
17,531
23,401
66,752
70,089
71,572
75,213
91,537
160,548

Libya
0.07
4,203
3,314
5,249
3,335
2,309
2,202
2,084
1,954
1,573

Lithuania
0.01
183
220
491
528
515
501
490
466
942

Luxembourg
0.00
2
1

2
2

Macao
0.00
5
1
1
10
10
9
9
9
9

Macedonia
0.08
1,759
1,628
7,589
7,684
7,890
7,926
7,521
8,077
7,940

Madagascar
0.00
281
296
300
288
269
274
277
284
260

Malawi
0.00
361
326
277
222
171
130
106
97
113

Malaysia
0.00
468
485
531
537
552
532
608
615
584

Maldives
0.01
36
31
24
21
19
16
16
17
17

Mali
0.81
139,267
152,828
149,942
4,295
3,663
2,926
1,758
994
594

Malta
0.00
5
6
6
6
6
9
9
9
28

Marshall Islands
0.01
3
3
2

Mauritania
0.85
34,113
34,252
33,765
39,929
37,733
39,143
45,601
33,108
33,428

Mauritius
0.01
94
81
62
42
28
23
24
71
80

Mexico
0.01
10,666
9,390
8,435
7,472
6,816
6,435
6,162
5,572
3,304

Moldova
0.05
2,233
2,207
6,148
6,264
6,200
5,925
5,555
4,918
11,680

Monaco
0.01
3
3
4
4
2
1

Mongolia
0.07
2,163
2,059
2,114
1,985
1,724
1,495
1,333
1,101
868

Montenegro
0.10
607
546
4,054
3,698
3,246
2,582
1,283
557
135

Morocco
0.00
1,539
1,308
2,405
2,312
2,284
2,285
3,533
4,039
4,710

Mozambique
0.00
58
56
160
155
131
136
208
222
231

Myanmar
0.42
223,896
222,053
215,340
214,594
215,644
206,650
184,347
191,256
202,826

Namibia
0.05
1,253
1,143
1,098
1,073
1,017
921
985
1,128
1,203

Nauru
0.00

3
3
3

Nepal
0.03
8,561
8,108
7,610
6,852
5,884
5,108
4,189
3,363
2,647

Netherlands
0.00
68
64
71
64
53
44
46
43
39

New Zealand
0.00
17
17
20
18
15
10
10
13
8

Nicaragua
0.03
1,587
1,538
1,531
1,468
1,431
1,478
1,537
1,900
1,828

Niger
0.00
739
683
832
819
803
822
796
827
818

Nigeria
0.03
54,563
25,465
18,020
16,840
15,639
15,608
14,168
13,902
13,253

Niue
1.11
18
14
10
7

Norfolk Island
0.05
1

North Korea
0.01
1,282
1,167
1,132
1,052
917
881
886
605
397

Norway
0.00
13
13
9
7
7
4
4
3
4

Oman
0.00
29
26
65
60
63
64
56
43
39

Pakistan
0.17
315,805
31,893
33,673
33,009
33,591
35,132
32,403
31,858
25,639

Palau
0.00
1
1

1
1

Palestinians (excl. UNRWA}
2.10
97,212
96,044
94,821
94,121
93,299
95,177
333,990
335,219
334,142

Panama
0.00
89
105
107
100
100
105
111
109
75

Papua New Guinea
0.00
288
221
174
128
89
70
46
36
31

Paraguay
0.00
94
95
101
91
86
77
101
102
105

Peru
0.01
4,343
4,768
5,212
5,491
5,834
6,271
7,339
7,743
6,985

Philippines
0.00
666
717
966
933
953
979
1,346
1,549
886

Poland
0.00
1,310
1,429
1,640
1,815
1,764
2,059
2,391
2,915
13,513

Portugal
0.00
31
32
32
28
30
31
36
32
25

Qatar
0.00
21
17
124
95
112
68
71
62
52

Romania
0.01
1,918
2,330
2,806
3,428
3,933
4,357
4,755
5,306
7,234

Russia
0.05
70,562
74,316
110,586
109,784
108,261
109,455
103,061
93,224
159,381

Rwanda
0.70
79,408
83,955
97,373
106,833
114,836
129,109
72,530
80,955
92,966

Saint Kitts and Nevis
0.04
23
15
12
9
7
4
4
2
2

Saint Lucia
0.50
922
710
566
433
334
314
288
227
163

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1.56
1,736
1,535
1,316
1,127
946
849
750
646
387

Samoa
0.00
1
1
1
1
1

4
2
3

San Marino
0.00
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2

Sao Tome and Principe
0.01
22
31
32
33
33
33
35
33
32

Saudi Arabia
0.00
630
584
817
745
667
633
712
753
617

Senegal
0.16
23,118
19,822
18,724
17,722
16,267
16,305
16,006
15,896
15,163

Serbia and Kosovo
0.51
45,464
48,436
157,623
161,363
182,955
195,167
185,432
165,572
174,027

Seychelles
0.03
25
26
29
42
49
49
53
55
61

Sierra Leone
0.08
4,993
5,311
6,202
8,002
11,277
15,417
32,536
32,127
42,863

Singapore
0.00
59
65
68
67
76
80
109
116
111

Slovakia
0.01
319
323
239
269
158
334
331
342
741

Slovenia
0.00
26
28
34
32
38
39
52
52
1,760

Solomon Islands
0.01
70
61
61
72
75
66
52
48
38

Somalia
9.52
1,106,434
1,121,770
1,136,718
1,075,148
770,148
678,308
559,153
455,356
464,038

South Africa
0.00
424
423
420
429
380
384
453
474
510

South Korea
0.00
481
500
558
514
585
573
1,104
1,188
1,335

South Sudan
4.92
616,143
114,371
86,909
1

Spain
0.00
60
56
52
43
42
34
27
41
2,444

Sri Lanka
0.59
122,010
123,083
132,721
136,605
141,063
145,712
137,745
134,948
116,966

Stateless
0.28[21]
27,915
20,202
19,673
18,171
16,909
15,864
14,171
13,169
11,259

Sudan
1.65
659,408
636,405
558,199
491,013
379,067
348,500
397,013
523,032
686,311

Suriname
0.00
17
17
15
20
25
45
50
63
66

Swaziland
0.01
161
109
65
43
36
32
32
25
22

Sweden
0.00
18
16
19
23
24
18
15
16
16

Switzerland
0.00
19
15
17
20
19
18
32
31
36

Syria
17.09
3,869,626
2,457,241
728,698
19,900
18,428
17,884
15,186
13,671
12,337

Tajikistan
0.01
725
662
674
612
577
562
544
541
645

Tanzania
0.00
858
1,040
1,122
1,163
1,144
1,204
1,270
1,255
1,667

Thailand
0.00
231
217
369
359
348
486
1,801
2,313
3,325

Tibet
0.47
15,069
15,065
15,000
15,068
15,082
20,080
20,079
20,170
20,184

East Timor
0.00
13
10
9
8
8
7
7
6
251

Togo
0.13
9,275
10,318
15,692
17,870
18,329
18,377
16,749
22,501
27,332

Tonga
0.02
22
18
13
10
6
5
7
5
6

Trinidad and Tobago
0.03
371
336
333
297
255
240
231
211
153

Tunisia
0.01
1,485
1,363
1,934
1,951
2,173
2,259
2,349
2,505
2,845

Turkey
0.08
63,892
66,575
135,370
139,778
146,793
146,386
214,376
221,939
227,232

Turkmenistan
0.01
484
519
723
726
738
743
736
678
692

Turks and Caicos Islands
0.04
15
15
14
14
1
1
1
1
1

Tuvalu
0.02
2
2
1
1

2
2
3

Uganda
0.02
7,190
8,176
5,608
5,680
6,441
7,554
7,548
21,341
21,752

Ukraine
0.53
237,625
5,163
25,254
25,379
25,111
24,522
28,424
25,985
63,723

UAE
0.00
90
90
584
486
424
414
256
308
265

United Kingdom
0.00
141
142
153
150
152
155
184
200
174

United States
0.00
4,987
4,760
4,453
3,777
3,025
2,367
2,136
2,174
1,356

Uruguay
0.00
124
147
171
184
186
188
199
197
163

Uzbekistan
0.02
4,795
4,952
7,088
7,164
6,886
6,669
6,308
5,663
9,102

Vanuatu
0.00
1
1
1
1
1

Various/unknown

99,577
105,643
125,921
137,412
160,678
174,957
168,381
188,476
246,951

Venezuela
0.03
8,009
8,395
8,208
7,577
6,701
6,221
5,807
5,094
3,829

Vietnam
0.34
313,417
314,106
336,939
337,829
338,698
339,289
328,183
327,776
374,279

Western Sahara
13.89
90,482
90,504
90,452
90,413
90,415
90,474
90,530
90,594
90,614

Yemen
0.01
2,631
2,428
2,593
2,322
2,075
1,933
1,776
1,631
1,362

Zambia
0.00
316
232
243
240
228
206
195
196
203

Zimbabwe
0.15
22,492
19,734
22,101
25,048
24,089
22,449
16,841
14,374
12,782