document_title: Harry Potter (film series)

question_text: list of harry potter movies in order from first to last

question_tokens: list of harry potter movies in order from first to last

text: Harry Potter (film series)

text: Origins

text: Late in 1997, film producer David Heyman's London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowling's series of seven Harry Potter novels. The book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was relegated to a low-priority bookshelf, where it was discovered by a secretary who read it and gave it to Heyman with a positive review. Consequently, Heyman, who had originally disliked "the rubbish title", read the book himself. Highly impressed by Rowling's work, he began the process that led to one of the most successful cinematic franchises of all time.[11]

text: Heyman's enthusiasm led to Rowling's 1999 sale of the film rights for the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million (US$2,000,000).[12] A demand Rowling made was that the principal cast be kept strictly British, allowing nevertheless for the inclusion of many Irish actors, such as Richard Harris as Dumbledore, and for casting of French and Eastern European actors in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire where characters from the book are specified as such.[13] Rowling was hesitant to sell the rights because she "didn't want to give them control over the rest of the story" by selling the rights to the characters, which would have enabled Warner Bros. to make non-author-written sequels.[14]

text: Although Steven Spielberg initially negotiated to direct the first film, he declined the offer.[15] Spielberg wanted the adaptation to be an animated film, with American actor Haley Joel Osment providing Harry Potter's voice.[16] Spielberg contended that, in his opinion, there was every expectation of profit in making the film. He claims that making money would have been like "shooting ducks in a barrel. It's just a slam dunk. It's just like withdrawing a billion dollars and putting it into your personal bank accounts. There's no challenge".[17] In the "Rubbish" Bin section of her website, Rowling maintains that she had no role in choosing directors for the films, writing "Anyone who thinks I could (or would) have 'veto-ed' him [Spielberg] needs their Quick-Quotes Quill serviced."[18]

text: After Spielberg left, conversations began with other directors, including Chris Columbus, Jonathan Demme, Terry Gilliam, Mike Newell, Alan Parker, Wolfgang Petersen, Rob Reiner, Tim Robbins, Brad Silberling, and Peter Weir.[19] Petersen and Reiner both pulled out of the running in March 2000.[20] It was then narrowed down to Columbus, Gilliam, Parker, and Silberling.[21] Rowling's first choice was Terry Gilliam.[22] However, on 28 March 2000 Columbus was appointed as director of the film, with Warner Bros. citing his work on other family films such as Home Alone and Mrs. Doubtfire as influences for their decision.[23]

text: Harry Potter is the kind of timeless literary achievement that comes around once in a lifetime. Since the books have generated such a passionate following across the world, it was important to us to find a director that has an affinity for both children and magic. I can't think of anyone more ideally suited for this job than Chris [Columbus].

text: Steve Kloves was selected to write the screenplay for the first film. He described adapting the book as "tough" since it did not "lend itself to adaptation as well as the next two books". Kloves was sent a "raft" of synopses of books proposed as film adaptations, with Harry Potter being the only one that jumped out at him. He went out and bought the book, becoming an instant fan. When speaking to Warner Bros. he stated that the film had to be British and true to the characters.[24] David Heyman was confirmed to produce the film.[23] Rowling received a large amount of creative control for the film, an arrangement that Columbus did not mind.[25]

text: Warner Bros. had initially planned to release the first film over the 4 July 2001 weekend, making for such a short production window that several of the originally proposed directors had withdrawn themselves from contention. Eventually, due to time constraints, the date was put back to 16 November 2001.[26]

text: Casting the roles of Harry, Ron, and Hermione

text: In 2000, after a seven-month search, lead actor Daniel Radcliffe was discovered by producer David Heyman and writer Steve Kloves seated just behind them in a theatre. In Heyman's own words, "There sitting behind me was this boy with these big blue eyes. It was Dan Radcliffe. I remember my first impressions: He was curious and funny and so energetic. There was real generosity too, and sweetness. But at the same time he was really voracious and with hunger for knowledge of whatever kind."[11]

text: Radcliffe had already established himself as an actor in the 1999 BBC television production of David Copperfield in which he played the title role's childhood years. Heyman persuaded Radcliffe's parents to allow him to audition for the part of Harry Potter, which involved Radcliffe being filmed.[11] (This screen test footage was released via the first set of Ultimate Editions in 2009.)[27] Rowling was enthusiastic after viewing Radcliffe's filmed test, saying she didn't think there was a better choice for the part of Harry Potter.[11][28]

text: Also in 2000, the then unknown British actors Emma Watson and Rupert Grint were selected from thousands of auditioning children to play the roles of Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, respectively. Their only previous acting experience was in school plays. Grint was eleven years old and Watson ten at the time they were cast.[29]

text: Los Angeles Times writer Geoff Boucher, who conducted the above-mentioned interview with Heyman, added that the casting of the three major roles "is especially impressive in hindsight. The trio's selection was arguably one of the best show-business decisions over the past decade... they have shown admirable grace and steadiness in the face of teen superstardom."[11][28]

text: Production

text: Filming of the series began at Leavesden Studios, Hertfordshire, England, in September 2000 and ended in December 2010, with post-production on the final film lasting until summer 2011.[6] Leavesden Studios was the main base for filming Harry Potter, and it opened to the public as a studio tour in 2012 (renamed as Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden).[30]

text:
Motion Picture
Director
Writer
Producer(s) [n 1]
Composer
Novel by J. K. Rowling

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Chris Columbus
Steve Kloves
David Heyman
John Williams
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Alfonso Cuarón
Chris Columbus, David Heyman & Mark Radcliffe
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Mike Newell
David Heyman
Patrick Doyle
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
David Yates
Michael Goldenberg
David Heyman & David Barron
Nicholas Hooper
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Steve Kloves
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1
David Heyman, David Barron & J. K. Rowling
Alexandre Desplat
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2

text: David Heyman produced all the films in the series with his production company Heyday Films, while David Barron joined the series as an executive producer on Chamber of Secrets and Goblet of Fire. Barron was later appointed producer on the last four films. Chris Columbus was an executive producer on the first two films alongside Mark Radcliffe and Michael Barnathan, but he became a producer on the third film alongside Heyman and Radcliffe. Other executive producers include Tanya Seghatchian and Lionel Wigram. J. K. Rowling, author of the series, was asked to become a producer on Goblet of Fire but declined. She subsequently accepted the role on the two-part Deathly Hallows.[31]

text: Heyday Films and Columbus' company 1492 Pictures collaborated with Duncan Henderson Productions in 2001, Miracle Productions in 2002, and P of A Productions in 2004. Even though Prisoner of Azkaban was the final film produced by 1492 Pictures, Heyday Films continued with the franchise and collaborated with Patalex IV Productions in 2005. The sixth film in the series, Half-Blood Prince, was the most expensive film to produce as of 2009[update].

text: Warner Bros. split the seventh and final novel in the series, Deathly Hallows, into two cinematic parts. The two parts were filmed back-to-back from early 2009 to summer 2010, with the completion of reshoots taking place on 21 December 2010; this marked the end of filming Harry Potter. Heyman stated that Deathly Hallows was "shot as one film" but released in two feature-length parts.[32]

text: Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor of the series, said of the production on Harry Potter, "It was this huge family; I think there were over 700 people working at Leavesden, an industry in itself." David Heyman said, "When the first film opened, no way did I think we'd make eight films. That didn't seem feasible until after we'd done the fourth." Nisha Parti, the production consultant on the first film, said that Heyman "made the first film very much the way he felt the studio Warner Bros. wanted to make it." After the film's success, Heyman was given "more freedom".[33]

text: One of the aims of the filmmakers from the beginning of production was to develop the maturity of the films. Chris Columbus stated, "We realised that these movies would get progressively darker. Again, we didn't know how dark but we realised that as the kids get older, the movies get a little edgier and darker."[34] This transpired with the succeeding three directors who would work on the series in the following years, with the films beginning to deal with issues such as death, betrayal, prejudice, and political corruption as the series developed narratively and thematically.[5][35]

text: Directors

text: After Chris Columbus had finished working on Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, he was hired to direct the second film, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. The production started within a week after the release of the first film. Columbus was set to direct all entries in the series,[36] but he did not want to return for the third film, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, claiming he was "burned out".[37] He moved to the position of producer, while Alfonso Cuarón was approached for the role of director. He was initially nervous about directing the instalment since he had not read any of the books or seen the films. After reading the series, he changed his mind and signed on to direct since he had immediately connected to the story.[38]

text: Because Cuarón decided not to direct the fourth instalment, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, a new director had to be selected.[39] Mike Newell was chosen to direct the film, but he declined to direct the next film, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, which was given to David Yates, who also directed Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, becoming the only director to helm more than one film since Chris Columbus.

text: Chris Columbus said his vision of the first two films was of a "golden storybook, an old-fashioned look", while Alfonso Cuarón changed the visual tone of the series, desaturated the colour palette, and expanded the landscape around Hogwarts.[34][39] Mike Newell decided to direct the fourth film as a "paranoid thriller", while David Yates wanted to "bring a sense of jeopardy and character to the world".[40][41] Cuarón, Newell, and Yates have said that their challenge was striking a balance between making the films according to their individual vision, while working within a cinematic world already established by Columbus.[39][40][41]

text: David Heyman commented on the "generosity of the directors" by revealing that "Chris spent time with Alfonso, Alfonso spent time with Mike and Mike spent time with David, showing him an early cut of the film, talking through what it means to be a director and how they went about [making the films]."[42]

text: David Heyman also said, "I suppose Chris Columbus was the most conservative choice from the studio's point of view. But he expressed real passion."[33] Producer Tanya Seghatchian said they were "more adventurous" in choosing a director for the third film and went straight to Alfonso Cuarón.[33] Mike Newell became the first British director of the series when he was chosen for the fourth film; Newell was considered to direct the first film before he dropped out.[33] David Yates directed the final films after David Heyman thought him capable of handling the edgy, emotional, and political material of the later novels.[43]

text: All the directors have been supportive of each other. Chris Columbus praised the character development in the films, while Alfonso Cuarón admired the "quiet poetry" of David Yates' films.[34][39] Mike Newell noted that each director had a different heroism, and David Yates views the first four films "respectfully and enjoy[s] them."[40][41] Daniel Radcliffe said Yates "took the charm of the films that Chris made and the visual flair of everything that Alfonso did and the thoroughly British, bombastic nature of the film directed by Mike Newell" and added "his own sense" of realism.[44]

text: Scripts

text: Steve Kloves wrote the screenplays for all but the fifth film, which was penned by Michael Goldenberg. Kloves had direct assistance from J.K. Rowling, though she allowed him what he described as "tremendous elbow room". Rowling asked Kloves to remain faithful to the spirit of the books; thus, the plot and tone of each film and its corresponding book are virtually the same, albeit with some changes and omissions for purposes of cinematic style, time, and budget constraints. Michael Goldenberg also received input from Rowling during his adaptation of the fifth novel; Goldenberg was originally considered to adapt the first novel before the studio chose Kloves.[45]

text: In a 2010 interview, David Heyman briefly explained the book-to-film transition. He commented on Rowling's involvement in the series, stating that she understood that "books and films are different" and was "the best support" a producer could have. Rowling had overall approval on the scripts, which were viewed and discussed by the director and the producers. Heyman also said that Kloves was the "key voice" in the process of adapting the novels and that certain aspects from the books needed to have been excluded from the scripts due to the filmmakers' decision to keep the main focus on Harry's journey as a character, which would ultimately give the films a defined structure. Heyman mentioned that some fans "don't necessarily understand the adaptation process" and that the filmmakers would have loved to "have everything" from the books in the films but noted that it was not possible since they had "neither time nor cinematic structure" to do so. He finished by saying that adapting a novel to the screen is "a really considered process."[46]

text: Because the films were being made as the novels were being published, the filmmakers had no idea of the story's outcome until the release of the final novel in 2007. Kloves spoke of his relationship with Rowling when adapting the novels by saying, "The thing is about Jo, which is remarkable for someone who had no experience with the filmmaking process, was her intuition. We had a conversation the very first day I met her where she said, 'I know the movies can't be the books... because I know what's coming and it's impossible to fully dramatise on screen what I'm going to write. But I just ask you to be true to the characters; that's all I care about.'"[47] Kloves also said, "I don't know what compelled me to say this [to Rowling], but I said, 'I've just got to warn you my favourite character is not Harry. My favourite character is Hermione.' And I think for some weird reason, from that moment on, she sort of trusted me."[47]

text: Cast and crew

text: Aside from the three lead actors, other notable cast members include Robbie Coltrane as Rubeus Hagrid, Tom Felton as Draco Malfoy, Alan Rickman as Severus Snape, and Dame Maggie Smith as Minerva McGonagall. Richard Harris, who played the role of Professor Albus Dumbledore, died on 25 October 2002 causing the role to be re-cast for the third instalment, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. David Heyman and director Alfonso Cuarón chose Michael Gambon to portray the character of Dumbledore, which he did for all succeeding films. Notable recurring cast members include Helena Bonham Carter as Bellatrix Lestrange, Warwick Davis as Filius Flitwick, Ralph Fiennes as Lord Voldemort, Brendan Gleeson as Alastor Moody, Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley, Jason Isaacs as Lucius Malfoy, Gary Oldman as Sirius Black, Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley, Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew, David Thewlis as Remus Lupin, Emma Thompson as Sybill Trelawney, Mark Williams as Arthur Weasley, and Julie Walters as Molly Weasley.

text: The series has seen many returning crew members from various departments, including Tim Burke, visual effects supervisor; Peter Doyle, digital film colourist; Nick Dudman, make-up and creature effects designer; David Holmes, stunt double; Amanda Knight, make-up artist; Stephenie McMillan, set designer; Greg Powell, stunt coordinator; Jany Temime, costume designer; and Fiona Weir, casting director.

text: Set design

text: The production designer for all eight films is Stuart Craig. Assisted by Stephenie McMillan, Craig has created iconic sets pieces including the Ministry of Magic, the Chamber of Secrets, Malfoy Manor, and the layout for the CGI Horcrux Cave. Because the novels were being published as the films were being made, Craig was required to rebuild some sets for future films and alter the design of Hogwarts.[50]

text: He said, "In the early days, every time you saw the exterior of Hogwarts, it was a physical miniature," which was made by craftsmen and occupied a large sound stage.[52][53] "We ended up with a profile of how Hogwarts looked, a skyline that actually I didn't design, and it wasn't always satisfactory, and as all the novels got written and movies got made there were new requirements [for buildings]. The [Astronomy Tower] definitely wasn't there originally, and so we were able to add that substantial piece. And in the last film, we needed an arena for the battle for Hogwarts – the big courtyard outside doubled in size, and if you look at the first movie it wasn't there at all. There were quite some liberties taken with the continuity of Hogwarts."[54] In the last film, Craig used a digital model instead of a miniature to "embrace the latest technology".[53]

text: On the method of creating the sets, Craig said he often started by sketching ideas onto a blank sheet of paper.[55] Stephanie McMillan also said that "each film always had plenty of new challenges," citing the changes in visual style between directors and cinematographers as an example, along with the developing story in the novels. Due to J.K. Rowling's descriptions of various settings in the novels, Craig noted his "responsibility was to place it together".[56]

text: Craig commented on his experience working in the studio environment: "I'm the production designer, but on a big movie like Harry Potter I may be responsible for 30 to 35 people; from the supervising art director, and a team of art directors and assistants, to draughtsmen and junior draughtsmen, and then on to model makers, sculptors and scenic artists." He said, "Ten years ago, all the Harry Potter drawings were done in pencil. I would take my roughs and plans and sections and give them to a professional architectural illustrator, who would create concept art using pencil and colour wash on watercolour paper." He said the process changed slightly throughout the years due to, what he called, the "digital revolution" of making films.[53]

text: When filming of the series was completed, some of Craig's sets had to be rebuilt or transported for them to be displayed at the Warner Bros. studio tour.[52]

text: Cinematography

text: Six directors of photography worked on the series: John Seale on the first film, Roger Pratt on the second and fourth, Michael Seresin on the third, Sławomir Idziak on the fifth, Bruno Delbonnel on the sixth, and Eduardo Serra on the seventh and eighth. Delbonnel was considered to return for both parts of Deathly Hallows, but he declined, stating that he was "scared of repeating" himself.[57] Delbonnel's cinematography in Half-Blood Prince gained the series its only Academy Award nomination for Best Cinematography. As the series progressed, each cinematographer faced the challenge of shooting and lighting older sets (which had been around since the first few films) in unique and different ways.[58] Chris Columbus said the series' vivid colouring decreased as each film was made.[34][59]

text: Michael Seresin commented on the change of visual style from the first two films to Prisoner of Azkaban: "The lighting is moodier, with more shadowing and cross-lighting." Seresin and Alfonso Cuarón moved away from the strongly coloured and brightly lit cinematography of the first two films, with dimmer lighting and a more muted colour palette being utilised for the succeeding five films.[60] After comparing a range of digital cameras with 35 mm film, Bruno Delbonnel decided to shoot the sixth movie, Half-Blood Prince, on film rather than the increasingly popular digital format. This decision was kept for the two-part Deathly Hallows with Eduardo Serra, who said that he preferred to work with film because it was "more technically accurate and dependable".[61]

text: Because the majority of Deathly Hallows takes place in various settings away from Hogwarts, David Yates wanted to "shake things up" by using different photographic techniques such as using hand-held cameras and very wide camera lenses.[62] Eduardo Serra said, "Sometimes we are combining elements shot by the main unit, a second unit, and the visual effects unit. You have to know what is being captured – colours, contrast, et cetera – with mathematical precision." He noted that with Stuart Craig's "amazing sets and the story", the filmmakers could not "stray too far from the look of the previous Harry Potter films."[61][63]

text: Editing

text: Along with continuous changes in cinematographers, there have been five film editors to work in post-production on the series: Richard Francis-Bruce edited the first instalment, Peter Honess the second, Steven Weisberg the third, Mick Audsley the fourth, and Mark Day films five through eight.

text: Music

text: The Harry Potter series has had four composers. John Williams scored the first three films: Philosopher's Stone, Chamber of Secrets, and Prisoner of Azkaban. However, the second entry was adapted and conducted by William Ross due to Williams's conflicting commitments. Williams also created Hedwig's Theme, which is used in every film in the series.

text: After Williams left the series to pursue other projects, Patrick Doyle scored the fourth entry, Goblet of Fire, which was directed by Mike Newell, with whom Doyle had worked previously. In 2006, Nicholas Hooper started work on the score to Order of the Phoenix by reuniting with director David Yates. Hooper also composed the soundtrack to Half-Blood Prince but decided not to return for the final films.

text: In January 2010, Alexandre Desplat was confirmed to compose the score for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1.[64] The film's orchestration started in the summer with Conrad Pope, the orchestrator on the first three Harry Potter films, collaborating with Desplat. Pope commented that the music "reminds one of the old days."[65] Desplat returned to score Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 in 2011.[66]

text: Director David Yates stated that he wanted John Williams to return to the series for the final installment, but their schedules did not align due to the urgent demand for a rough cut of the film.[67] The final recording sessions of Harry Potter took place on 27 May 2011 at Abbey Road Studios with the London Symphony Orchestra, orchestrator Conrad Pope, and composer Alexandre Desplat.[68]

text: Doyle, Hooper, and Desplat introduced their own personal themes to their respective soundtracks, while keeping a few of John Williams's themes.

text: Visual effects

text: There have been many visual effects companies to work on the Harry Potter series. Some of these include Rising Sun Pictures, Double Negative, Cinesite, Framestore, and Industrial Light & Magic. The latter three have worked on all the films in the series, while Double Negative and Rising Sun Pictures began their commitments with Prisoner of Azkaban and Goblet of Fire, respectively. Framestore contributed by developing many memorable creatures and sequences to the series.[69] Cinesite was involved in producing both miniature and digital effects for the films.[70] Producer David Barron said that "Harry Potter created the UK effects industry as we know it. On the first film, all the complicated visual effects were done on the [US] west coast. But on the second, we took a leap of faith and gave much of what would normally be given to Californian vendors to UK ones. They came up trumps." Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor, said many studios "are bringing their work to UK effects companies. Every facility is fully booked, and that wasn't the case before Harry Potter. That's really significant."[33]

text: Final filming

text: On 12 June 2010, filming of the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was completed with actor Warwick Davis stating on his Twitter account, "The end of an Era – today is officially the last day of principal photography on 'Harry Potter' – ever. I feel honoured to be here as the director shouts cut for the very last time. Farewell Harry & Hogwarts, it's been magic!".[71] However, reshoots of the epilogue scene were confirmed to begin in the winter of 2010. The filming was completed on 21 December 2010, marking the official closure of filming the Harry Potter franchise.[72] Exactly four years earlier on that day, author J. K. Rowling's official website revealed the title of the final novel in the series – Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.[73]

text: Films

text: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001)

text: Harry Potter is an orphaned boy brought up by his unkind Muggle (non-magical) aunt and uncle. At the age of eleven, half-giant Rubeus Hagrid informs him that he is actually a wizard and that his parents were murdered by an evil wizard named Lord Voldemort. Voldemort also attempted to kill one-year-old Harry on the same night, but his killing curse mysteriously rebounded and reduced him to a weak and helpless form. Harry became extremely famous in the Wizarding World as a result. Harry begins his first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and learns about magic. During the year, Harry and his friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger become entangled in the mystery of the Philosopher's Stone which is being kept within the school.

text: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002)

text: Harry, Ron, and Hermione return to Hogwarts for their second year, which proves to be more challenging than the last. The Chamber of Secrets has been opened, leaving students and ghosts petrified by an unleashed monster. Harry must face up to claims that he is the heir of Salazar Slytherin (founder of the Chamber), learn that he can speak Parseltongue, and also discover the properties of a mysterious diary, only to find himself trapped within the Chamber of Secrets itself.

text: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004)

text: Harry Potter's third year sees the boy wizard, along with his friends, attending Hogwarts School once again. Professor R. J. Lupin joins the staff as Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, while convicted murderer Sirius Black escapes from Azkaban Prison. The Ministry of Magic entrusts the Dementors of Azkaban to guard Hogwarts from Black. Harry learns more about his past and his connection with the escaped prisoner.

text: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005)

text: During Harry's fourth year, Hogwarts plays host to a legendary event: the Triwizard Tournament. Three European schools participate in the tournament, with three 'champions' representing each school in the deadly tasks. The Goblet of Fire chooses Fleur Delacour, Viktor Krum, and Cedric Diggory to compete against each other. However, curiously, Harry's name is also produced from the Goblet thus making him a fourth champion, which results in a terrifying encounter with a reborn Lord Voldemort.

text: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007)

text: Harry's fifth year begins with him being attacked by Dementors in Little Whinging. Later, he finds out that the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort's return. Harry is also beset by disturbing and realistic nightmares, while Professor Umbridge, a representative of Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge, is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. Harry becomes aware that Voldemort is after a prophecy which reveals: "neither can live while the other survives". The rebellion involving the students of Hogwarts, secret organisation Order of the Phoenix, the Ministry of Magic, and the Death Eaters begins.

text: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009)

text: In Harry's sixth year at Hogwarts, Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters are increasing their terror upon the Wizarding and Muggle worlds. Headmaster Albus Dumbledore persuades his old friend Horace Slughorn to return to Hogwarts as a professor as there is a vacancy to fill. There is a more important reason, however, for Slughorn's return. While in a Potions lesson, Harry takes possession of a strangely annotated school textbook, inscribed 'This is the property of the Half-Blood Prince'. Draco Malfoy struggles to carry out a deed presented to him by Voldemort. Meanwhile, Dumbledore and Harry secretly work together to discover the method on how to destroy the Dark Lord once and for all.

text: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010)

text: After unexpected events at the end of the previous year, Harry, Ron, and Hermione are entrusted with a quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort's secret to immortality – the Horcruxes. It is supposed to be their final year at Hogwarts, but the collapse of the Ministry of Magic and Voldemort's rise to power prevents them from attending. The trio undergo a long journey with many obstacles in their path including Death Eaters, Snatchers, the mysterious Deathly Hallows, and Harry's connection with the Dark Lord's mind becoming ever stronger.

text: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011)

text: After destroying one Horcrux and discovering the significance of the three Deathly Hallows, Harry, Ron and Hermione continue to seek the other Horcruxes in an attempt to destroy Voldemort, who has now obtained the powerful Elder Wand. The Dark Lord discovers Harry's hunt for Horcruxes and launches an attack on Hogwarts School, where the trio return for one last stand against the dark forces that threaten the Wizarding and Muggle worlds.

text: Release

text: The rights for the first four novels in the series were sold to Warner Bros. for £1,000,000 by J.K. Rowling. After the release of the fourth book in July 2000, the first film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was released on 16 November 2001. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $90 million in the United States alone, which set a record opening worldwide. The succeeding three motion picture adaptations followed suit in financial success, while garnering positive reviews from fans and critics. The fifth film, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, was released by Warner Bros. on 11 July 2007 in English-speaking countries, except for the UK and Ireland, which released the movie on 12 July.[74] The sixth, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, was released on 15 July 2009 to critical acclaim and finished its theatrical run ranked as the number two grossing film of 2009 on the worldwide charts.

text: The final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was split into two cinematic parts: Part 1 was released on 19 November 2010, and Part 2, the conclusion to both the final film and the series, was released on 15 July 2011.[75] Part 1 was originally scheduled to be released in 3D and 2D,[76] but due to a delay in the 3D conversion process, Warner Bros. released the film only in 2D and IMAX cinemas. However, Part 2 was released in 2D and 3D cinemas as originally planned.[77]

text: The television broadcast rights for the series in the United States are currently held by Disney–ABC Domestic Television, which typically airs the films on the Freeform network. Disney's contract is expected to end in June 2018, after which, NBCUniversal will take control of the rights, after their deal with Warner Bros. was made in August 2016.[78] The film series has accrued nearly 1.3 billion viewings since their television debut—the highest-watched franchise in television broadcast history.[79]

text: Reception

text: Critical response

text: All the films have been a success financially and critically, making the franchise one of the major Hollywood "tent-poles" akin to James Bond, Star Wars, Indiana Jones and Pirates of the Caribbean. The series is noted by audiences for growing visually darker and more mature as each film was released.[34][80][81][82][83] However, opinions of the films generally divide book fans, with some preferring the more faithful approach of the first two films and others preferring the more stylised character-driven approach of the later films.

text: Some also feel the series has a "disjointed" feel due to the changes in directors, as well as Michael Gambon's interpretation of Albus Dumbledore differing from that of Richard Harris. Author J. K. Rowling has been constantly supportive of the films,[84][85][86] and evaluated Deathly Hallows as her favourite one in the series. She wrote on her website of the changes in the book-to-film transition, "It is simply impossible to incorporate every one of my storylines into a film that has to be kept under four hours long. Obviously films have restrictions – novels do not have constraints of time and budget; I can create dazzling effects relying on nothing but the interaction of my own and my readers' imaginations".[87]

text: Critical and public response

text:
Motion Picture
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic
CinemaScore

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
80% (194 reviews)[88]
64 (35 reviews)[89]
A[90]

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
82% (230 reviews)[91]
63 (35 reviews)[92]
A+[90]

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
91% (250 reviews)[93]
82 (40 reviews)[94]
A[90]

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
88% (247 reviews)[95]
81 (38 reviews)[96]
A[90]

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
78% (244 reviews)[97]
71 (37 reviews)[98]
A−[90]

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
84% (268 reviews)[99]
78 (36 reviews)[100]
A−[90]

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1
78% (262 reviews)[101]
65 (42 reviews)[102]
A[90]

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
96% (311 reviews)[103]
87 (41 reviews)[104]
A[90]

text: Accolades

text: At the 64th British Academy Film Awards in February 2011, J. K. Rowling, David Heyman, David Barron, David Yates, Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson collected the Michael Balcon Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema for the series.[105][106]

text: In addition, the American Film Institute recognised the entire series with a Special Award at the American Film Institute Awards in 2011. Special awards "are given to outstanding achievements in the moving image that do not fit into AFI's criteria for the other honorees." [107] In its press release, the Institute referred to the films as "a landmark series; eight films that earned the trust of a generation who wished for the beloved books of J.K. Rowling to come to life on the silver screen. The collective wizardry of an epic ensemble gave us the gift of growing older with Harry, Ron and Hermione as the magic of Hogwarts sprung from the films and into the hearts and minds of Muggles around the world." [107]

text: Harry Potter was also recognised by the BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards, with David Yates winning the Britannia Award for Artistic Excellence in Directing for his four Harry Potter films.[108][109]

text:
Motion Picture
Academy Award nomination
Academy Award nominee
Academy Award ceremony

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Best Art Direction
Best Costume Design
Best Original Score
Stuart Craig and Stephenie McMillan
Judianna Makovsky
John Williams
74th Academy Awards

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Best Original Score
Best Visual Effects
John Williams
Roger Guyett, Tim Burke, John Richardson and Bill George
77th Academy Awards

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Best Art Direction
Stuart Craig and Stephenie McMillan
78th Academy Awards

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Best Cinematography
Bruno Delbonnel
82nd Academy Awards

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1
Best Art Direction
Best Visual Effects
Stuart Craig and Stephenie McMillan
Tim Burke, John Richardson, Christian Manz and Nicolas Aithadi
83rd Academy Awards

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Best Art Direction
Best Makeup
Best Visual Effects
Stuart Craig and Stephenie McMillan
Nick Dudman, Amanda Knight and Lisa Tomblin
Tim Burke, David Vickery, Greg Butler and John Richardson
84th Academy Awards

text: Six of the eight films were nominated for a total of 12 Academy Awards.

text: Some critics, fans, and general audiences have expressed disappointment that the Harry Potter series did not win any Oscars for its achievements. However, others have pointed out that certain films in the series had uneven reviews, in contrast to the three films of The Lord of the Rings, for example, which were all critically acclaimed. This has been partially attributed to the Harry Potter franchise going through several directors with their own styles in contrast to the Lord of the Rings trilogy, which was filmed in one massive undertaking by the same director, writer, and producer.[110][111]

text: Although not successful at the Oscars, the Harry Potter series has gained success in many other award ceremonies, including the annual Saturn Awards and Art Directors Guild Awards. The series has also gained a total of 24 nominations at the British Academy Film Awards presented at the annual BAFTAs, winning several, and 5 nominations at the Grammy Awards.

text: Philosopher's Stone achieved seven BAFTA Award nominations, including Best British Film and Best Supporting Actor for Robbie Coltrane.[112] The film was also nominated for eight Saturn Awards and won for its costumes design.[113] It was also nominated at the Art Directors Guild Awards for its production design[114] and received the Broadcast Film Critics Award for Best Live Action Family Film along with gaining two other nominations.[115]

text: Chamber of Secrets won the award for Best Live Action Family Film in the Phoenix Film Critics Society. It was nominated for seven Saturn Awards, including Best Director and Best Fantasy Film. The film was nominated for four BAFTA Awards and a Grammy Award for John Williams's score. Prisoner of Azkaban won an Audience Award, as well as Best Feature Film, at the BAFTA Awards. The film also won a BMI Film Music award along with being nominated at the Grammy Awards, Visual Effect Society Awards, and the Amanda Awards. Goblet of Fire won a BAFTA award for Best Production Design as well as being nominated at the Saturn Awards, Critic's Choice Awards, and the Visual Effects Society Awards.

text: Order of the Phoenix picked up three awards at the inaugural ITV National Movie Awards.[116] At the Empire Awards, David Yates won Best Director.[117] Composer Nicholas Hooper received a nomination for a World Soundtrack Discovery Award.[118] The film was nominated at the BAFTA Awards, but did not win for Best Production Design or Best Special Visual Effects.[119] Half-Blood Prince was nominated for BAFTA Awards in Production Design and Visual Effects,[120] and it was in the longlists for several other categories, including Best Supporting Actor for Alan Rickman.[121] Amongst other nominations and wins, the film also achieved Best Family Movie at the National Movie Awards as well as Best Live Action Family Film at the Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards, along with being nominated for Best Motion Picture at the Satellite Awards.

text: Deathly Hallows – Part 1 gained two nominations at the BAFTA Awards for Best Make-Up and Hair and Best Visual Effects, along with receiving nominations for the same categories at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards. Eduardo Serra's cinematography and Stuart Craig's production design were also nominated in various award ceremonies, and David Yates attained his second win at the Empire Awards, this time for Best Fantasy Film. He also obtained another Best Director nomination at the annual Saturn Awards, which also saw the film gain a Best Fantasy Film nomination.[122][123] Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was released to critical acclaim, gaining a mix of audience awards. Part 2 of Deathly Hallows was also recognised at the Saturn Awards as well as the BAFTA Awards, where the film achieved a win for Best Special Visual Effects.[124]

text: Box office performance

text: As of 2015[update], the Harry Potter film series is the 4th highest-grossing film franchise of all time, with the eight films released grossing over $7.7 billion worldwide. Without adjusting for inflation, this is higher than the first 22 James Bond films and the six films in the Star Wars franchise.[125] Chris Columbus's Philosopher's Stone became the highest-grossing Harry Potter film worldwide upon completing its theatrical run in 2002, but it was eventually topped by David Yates's Deathly Hallows – Part 2, while Alfonso Cuarón's Prisoner of Azkaban grossed the least.[126][127][128][129]

text: Six films in the Harry Potter franchise — Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Parts 1 & 2 — have to date grossed around $216 million in IMAX theaters worldwide.[130]

text:
Motion picture
Release date
Box office gross
Budget
Ref(s)

United Kingdom
USA & Canada
(approx. ticket sales)
Other countries
Worldwide

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
16 November 2001 (2001-11-16)
£66,096,060
$317,575,550
(55,976,200)
$657,179,821
$974,755,371
$125 million
[131][132][132][133][134]

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
14 November 2002 (2002-11-14)
£54,780,731
$261,988,482
(44,978,900)
$616,991,152
$878,979,634
$100 million
[133][134][135][136]

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
31 May 2004 (2004-05-31)
£45,615,949
$249,541,069
(40,183,700)
$547,147,480
$796,688,549
$130 million
[133][134][137]

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
18 November 2005 (2005-11-18)
£48,328,854
$290,013,036
(45,188,100)
$606,898,042
$896,911,078
$150 million
[133][134][138][139]

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
11 July 2007 (2007-07-11)
£49,136,969
$292,004,738
(42,442,500)
$647,881,191
$939,885,929
$150 million
[133][134][140][141]

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
15 July 2009 (2009-07-15)
£50,713,404
$301,959,197
(40,261,200)
$632,457,290
$934,416,487
$250 million
[133][134][142][143]

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1
19 November 2010 (2010-11-19)
£52,364,075
$295,983,305
(37,503,700)
$664,300,000
$960,283,305
Less than $250 million (official)
[133][134][144][145][146]

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
15 July 2011 (2011-07-15)
£73,094,187
$381,011,219
(48,046,800)
$960,500,000
$1,341,511,219
[134][146][147]

Total
£440,269,736
$7009239007659600000♠2,390,076,596
$7009533335497600000♠5,333,354,976
$7009772343157200000♠7,723,431,572
$1.155 billion
[148]

text: All-time rankings

text:
Motion picture
Rank
Ref(s)

All-time
(worldwide)
All-time
(United States)
All-time
(United Kingdom)
Yearly
(United States)
Yearly
(worldwide)
Opening day
(all-time)
Opening weekend
(all-time)

Philosopher's Stone
#29
#54
#9
#1
#1
#66
#55
[131]

Chamber of Secrets
#46
#90
#17
#4
#2
#81
#60
[133][135][136]

Prisoner of Azkaban
#62
#106
#33
#6
#2
#47
#49
[133]

Goblet of Fire
#42
#77
#28
#3
#1
#41
#40
[133][138][139]

Order of the Phoenix
#38
#73
#25
#5
#2
#34
#77
[133][140][141]

Half-Blood Prince
#39
#65
#24
#3
#2
#24
#75
[133][142][143]

Deathly Hallows – Part 1
#34
#68
#18
#5
#3
#22
#25
[133][144][145]

Deathly Hallows – Part 2
#8
#27
#7
#1
#1
#2
#8
[147][149]

text: Legacy and influence

text:
"Harry Potter was in the vanguard of a new approach to big-budget film-making. Most modern blockbuster franchises have two things in common: they are based on known properties such as books and comics, and they are steered by respected but little-known directors."

—The Economist[150]

tag: div

text: The Harry Potter films and their success have been retrospectively considered to have had a significant impact on the film industry. They are cited as having helped redefine the Hollywood blockbuster in the 21st century by initiating a shift toward established media franchises forming the basis of successful films. In the wake of the final film's release, Claudia Puig of USA Today wrote that the films "inspired every major studio to try to capture [its] alchemic formula, spawning a range of copycats and wannabes" and "also have shown Hollywood how to make a glossy blockbuster with an eye toward keeping costs down."[151] A 2009 article from The Economist argued that the films were "in the vanguard" of adaptations of established properties being the modern film franchise model, citing The Lord of the Rings, Spider-Man and The Dark Knight Trilogy as examples of successful film series that followed Harry Potter's suit.[150] Furthermore, the practice of splitting the finale of a film series into two back-to-back films began with the success of Deathly Hallows, and it would soon be replicated by The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug and The Battle of the Five Armies, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Parts 1 and 2, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Parts 1 and 2, and Avengers: Infinity War and its untitled sequel.[152]

text: The films are also widely credited with singlehandedly signalling the popularity of films based on children's and young adult literature in the 2000s and 2010s, correlating with the book series' own literary influence. Costance Grady and Aja Romano, commenting on the whole Harry Potter franchise's legacy for Vox in light of its 20th anniversary, wrote that youth-targeted literature has since become "a go-to well of ideas for Hollywood," pointing to the successes of The Twilight Saga, The Hunger Games and The Divergent Series.[153]

text: Notes

text: Jump up ^ Not including executive producers.


document_title: Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)

question_text: names of the metropolitan municipalities in south africa

root

text: History[edit]

text: Metropolitan municipalities were brought about so that cities could be governed as single entities.[3] This had not been possible under the fragmented local government structures of apartheid. A key demand of anti-apartheid civics in the 1980s was for 'one city, one tax base' in order to facilitate distribution of funds to areas of highest need.[4] Local government reform after apartheid produced six Transitional Metropolitan Councils following the 1995/6 local government elections. These were characterized by a two-tier structure.[5] [6] From 2000, these six Metropolitan Councils were restructured into their final single-tier form. In 2011, Buffalo City (East London) and Mangaung (Bloemfontein) were added to the category of metropolitan municipality.[7]

tag: p

text: List of metropolitan municipalities[edit]

text:
Name
Code
Province
Seat
Area
(km2)[8]
Population
(2016)[9]
Pop. density
(per km2)

Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
BUF
Eastern Cape
East London
2,750
834,997
303.6

City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality
CPT
Western Cape
Cape Town
2,446
4,005,016
1,637.6

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
JHB
Gauteng
Johannesburg
1,645
4,949,347
3,008.8

City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
TSH
Gauteng
Pretoria
6,298
3,275,152
520.0

City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality[10]
EKU
Gauteng
Germiston
1,975
3,379,104
1,710.6

eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
ETH
KwaZulu-Natal
Durban
2,556
3,702,231
1,448.5

Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality
MAN
Free State
Bloemfontein
9,886
787,803
79.7

Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
NMA
Eastern Cape
Port Elizabeth
1,957
1,263,051
645.4

tag: table


document_title: United States Office of Personnel Management

question_text: what was the precursor to the office of personnel management

text: History[edit]

text: The United States Civil Service Commission was created by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883. The commission was abolished and replaced by OPM on January 1, 1979, following the passage of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 and Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 (43 FR 36037, 92 Stat. 3783).[3]

text: In 1996 the investigation branch of the OPM was privatized, and USIS was formed.[4]

text: Function[edit]

text: According to their website, the mission of the OPM is "recruiting, retaining and honoring a world-class force to serve the American people."[5] The OPM is partially responsible for maintaining the appearance of independence and neutrality in the Administrative Law System. While technically employees of the agencies they work for, Administrative Law Judges (or ALJs) are hired exclusively by the OPM, effectively removing any discretional employment procedures from the other agencies. The OPM uses a rigorous selection process which ranks the top three candidates for each ALJ vacancy, and then makes a selection from those candidates, generally giving preference to veterans.

text: The OPM is also responsible for a large part of the management of security clearances (National Background Investigations Bureau a/k/a NBIB conducts these investigations) for the United States Government. With the exception of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which maintains its own system, separate programs for each executive department have gradually been merged into a single, Government-wide clearance system. The OPM is responsible for investigating individuals to give them Secret and Top Secret clearances.[6] SCI compartments, however, are still managed by the particular agency that uses that compartment.

text: OPM is also responsible for federal employee retirement applications for FERS and CSRS employees.[7] OPM makes decisions on federal employee regular[8] and disability retirement cases.[9]

text: Revolving fund[edit]

text: The OPM revolving fund is described as the OPM’s “fee for service” business that moves federal budget money from various federal agencies to the OPM for human resources (HR) services. During the decade from 2002–12, the dollar amount of the fund has tripled.[10] The fund is worth $2 billion, equivalent to almost all (90 percent) of the OPM budget.[11]

text: In July 2013, Rep. Blake Farenthold (R-Texas) introduced the Office of Personnel Management Inspector General Act.[12] The bill would increase oversight of the fund. Farenthold introduced the bill as a response to accusations of fraud and concerns about security clearance background investigations.[13] The bill would fund the expenses for investigations, oversight activities and audits from the revolving fund.[14] In February 2014, President Obama signed the bill into law.[15]

text: The fund’s history goes back to the early 1980s, where it was used for two main activities: training and background investigations for government personnel.[16]

text: 2015 data breach[edit]

text: In June 2015, the Office of Personnel Management announced that it had discovered in April 2015 that it had been hacked more than a year earlier in a data breach, resulting in the theft of approximately 4 million personnel records handled by the office.[17] The Washington Post has reported that the attack originated in China, citing unnamed government officials.[18] By July 9, 2015 the estimate of stolen records had increased to 21.5 million, including those of current government personnel and people who had undergone background checks.[19]

text: New updates regarding this security breach came to light on September 24, 2015. The agency then indicated that additional evidence showed that 5.6 million people's fingerprints were stolen as part of the hacks, more than five times the 1.1 million originally estimated. The total number of individuals whose records were disclosed in whole or part, including Social Security numbers and addresses, remained at 21.5 million.[20]

text: Past directors[edit]

text: Source: OPM's Agency Leadership Through Time[21]

text:
Alan K. Campbell (January 2, 1979 – January 20, 1981)

Campbell was the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission at its dissolution

Donald J. Devine (March 23, 1981 – March 25, 1985)
Loretta Cornelius (acting; 1985)
Constance Horner (August 22, 1985 – May 10, 1989)[22]
Constance Berry Newman (June 8, 1989 – June 30, 1992)
James B. King[23] (April 7, 1993 – September 1, 1997)
Janice R. Lachance (November 12, 1997 – January 20, 2001)
Kay Coles James (July 11, 2001 – January 31, 2005)
Linda M. Springer (June 28, 2005 – August 13, 2008)[24][25]
Michael Hager (acting; 2008–2009)[24]
Kathie Ann Whipple (acting; 2009)[26]
John Berry (April 13, 2009 – April 13, 2013)[27]
Elaine Kaplan (acting; April 15, 2013 – October 31, 2013)
Katherine Archuleta (November 4, 2013 – July 10, 2015)
Beth Cobert (acting; July 10, 2015 to January 20, 2017)

tag: ul


document_title: Love Island (series 2)

question_text: when does malin go back into love island

text: Love Island (series 2)

text: Production[edit]

text: On Valentine's Day, 14 February 2016, it was confirmed that Love Island would return for a second series due to air later in the year.[9] On 18 May 2016 it was confirmed that the series would begin on 30 May 2016,[1] but had scrapped the live eliminations.[10] A one-minute trailer for the series aired on 23 May 2016.[11] Pictures of the villa were unveiled on 28 May 2016.[12] The villa is located in Mallorca with 69 cameras watching the Islanders' every move. It only includes double beds forcing them to share with each other, but has a special Hideaway bedroom for couples to spend the night away from the others.

text: Islanders[edit]

text: The Islanders for the second series were revealed on 24 May 2016, just a week before the launch.[13] However, throughout the series, more Islanders entered the villa to find love. Some Islanders were dumped from the island for either failing to couple up, some were voted off by their fellow Islanders, and others for receiving the least votes in public eliminations. The series was won by Cara and Nathan on 11 July 2016 having received 54% of the vote.[14]

text:
Islander

Age

Hometown

Entered

Status

Ref

Cara De La Hoyde

26

Kent

Day 1

Winner (Day 45)

[15]

Nathan Massey

25

Essex

Day 1

Winner (Day 45)

[16]

Alex Bowen

24

Birmingham

Day 18

Runner-up (Day 45)

[17]

Olivia Buckland

22

Essex

Day 1

Runner-up (Day 45)

[18]

Kady McDermott

20

Stevenage

Day 3

Third place (Day 45)

[19]

Scott Thomas

28

Manchester

Day 1

Third place (Day 45)

[20]

Adam Maxted

24

Belfast

Day 11

Fourth place (Day 45)

[21]

Katie Salmon

20

The Wirral

Day 34

Fourth place (Day 45)

[22]

Emma Jane Woodham

19

Oxford

Day 27

Dumped (Day 41)

[23]

Terry Walsh

28

Surrey

Day 3

Dumped (Day 41)

[24]

Adam Jukes

23

Manchester

Day 34

Dumped (Day 41)

[25]

Lauren Whiteside

25

Blackpool

Day 37

Dumped (Day 41)

[26]

Tina Stinnes

21

London

Day 20

Dumped (Day 40)

[27]

Sophie Gradon

30

Newcastle

Day 1

Walked (Day 39)

[28]

Troy Frith

23

Kent

Day 30

Dumped (Day 37)

[29]

Tom Powell

24

Port Talbot

Day 1

Dumped (Day 33)

[30]

Liana Isadora Van Riel

20

Exeter

Day 20

Dumped (Day 33)

[27]

Oliver Maxwell Fernandez

25

Hertfordshire

Day 30

Dumped (Day 31)

[29]

Malin Andersson

23

Milton Keynes

Day 1

Dumped (Day 25)

[31]

Zara Holland

20

Hull

Day 1

Walked (Day 22)

[32]

James Khan

20

Teddington

Day 18

Dumped (Day 20)

[33]

Rykard Jenkins

25

Kent

Day 1

Walked (Day 15)

[34]

Daniel Lukakis

23

London

Day 1

Dumped (Day 15)

[35]

Rachel Fenton

23

Hampshire

Day 7

Dumped (Day 15)

[36]

Malia Arkian

26

Manchester

Day 7

Removed (Day 7)

[37]

Javi Shephard

27

York

Day 1

Dumped (Day 6)

[38]

text: Coupling[edit]

text: The couples were chosen shortly after the contestants entered the villa. After all of the girls entered, the boys were asked to choose a girl to pair up with.[39] Sophie was paired with Tom, Cara with Nathan, Malin and Rykard paired up, Zara and Scott coupled up, whilst Olivia paired up with Daniel and Javi remained single.[40] However, throughout the series the couples swapped and changed.

text:
Day 1

Day 6

Day 13

Day 20

Day 32

Day 37

Day 40

Final

Cara

Nathan

Nathan

Nathan

Nathan

Nathan

Nathan

Nathan

Winner (Day 45)

Nathan

Cara

Cara

Cara

Cara

Cara

Cara

Cara

Winner (Day 45)

Alex

Not in Villa

Olivia

Olivia

Olivia

Olivia

Runner-up (Day 45)

Olivia

Daniel

Rykard

Adam M

Alex

Alex

Alex

Alex

Runner-up (Day 45)

Kady

Not in Villa

Scott

Scott

Scott

Scott

Scott

Scott

Third place (Day 45)

Scott

Zara

Kady

Kady

Kady

Kady

Kady

Kady

Third place (Day 45)

Adam M

Not in Villa

Olivia

Zara

Liana

Tina

Katie

Fourth place (Day 45)

Katie

Not in Villa

Sophie

Adam M

Fourth place (Day 45)

Emma

Not in Villa

Terry

Terry

Terry

Dumped (Day 41)

Terry

Not in Villa

Malin

Malin

Malin

Emma

Emma

Emma

Dumped (Day 41)

Adam J

Not in Villa

Lauren

Lauren

Dumped (Day 41)

Lauren

Not in Villa

Adam J

Adam J

Dumped (Day 41)

Tina

Not in Villa

Troy

Adam M

Dumped (Day 40)

Sophie

Tom

Tom

Tom

Tom

Tom

Katie

Walked (Day 39)

Troy

Not in Villa

Tina

Dumped (Day 37)

Tom

Sophie

Sophie

Sophie

Sophie

Sophie

Dumped (Day 33)

Liana

Not in Villa

Adam M

Dumped (Day 33)

Oliver

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 31)

Malin

Rykard

Terry

Terry

Terry

Dumped (Day 25)

Zara

Scott

Daniel

Daniel

Adam M

Walked (Day 22)

James

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 20)

Rykard

Malin

Olivia

Rachel

Walked (Day 15)

Daniel

Olivia

Zara

Zara

Dumped (Day 15)

Rachel

Not in Villa

Rykard

Dumped (Day 15)

Malia

Not in Villa

Removed (Day 7)

Javi

N/A

Dumped (Day 6)

Notes

none

1

none

2

none

3

4

none

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^Note 1 : As new arrivals, Kady and Terry could not couple up with each other.
^Note 2 : On Day 21, new Islanders Liana and Tina were asked to put two couples on a break and separate them for the night. They chose Alex and Olivia, and Kady and Scott. As a result, Scott became coupled up with Tina for the night, and Liana was coupled with Alex.
^Note 3 : On Day 37, due to Sophie and Katie coupling up, this left two single boys Adam J and Troy. Lauren then entered the villa to choose which one to couple up with and which to dump from the island.
^Note 4 : As Adam J and Lauren were already immune, they were automatically coupled up.

text: Weekly summary[edit]

text: The main events in the Love Island villa are summarised in the table below.

text:
Week 1

Entrances

On Day 1, Cara, Daniel, Javi, Malin, Nathan, Olivia, Rykard, Scott, Sophie, Tom and Zara entered the villa.[41]
On Day 3, Kady and Terry entered the villa.[42]

Coupling

On Day 1, the Islanders coupled up for the first time. After all of the girls entered, the boys were asked to choose a girl to pair up with. Sophie was paired with Tom, Cara with Nathan, Malin and Rykard paired up, Zara and Scott coupled up, whilst Olivia paired up with Daniel and Javi remained single.[43]
On Day 6, the Islanders re-coupled. This time it was the girls who had to pick a boy to pair up with. Cara and Nathan, and Sophie and Tom were the only couples to remain together, whilst Olivia picked Rykard, Kady went with Scott, Malin chose Terry, and Zara coupled up with Daniel. As Javi remained single he was dumped from the island.[44]

Challenges

On Day 2, the boys went up against the girls in a game of Beer pong with a twist. A secret about an Islander was in each cup, and if the ball landed in the cup, the Islander who threw the ball would have to guess who the secret is about. To lock in their answer they had to kiss that chosen Islander.[45]
On Day 6, the boys competed in "Love Island's Strongest Man", where they took part in a number of physical activities in order to prove their strength. At the end of the competition Daniel was announced as the winner.

Dates

On Day 3, Cara and Nathan left the villa to go on their first date.
On Day 4, Javi was asked to choose one of the girls to go on a date with him. He chose Kady.
On Day 5, Terry had to choose two girls to cook him dinner then date separately. He chose Malin and Olivia, whilst Kady had to choose two boys to do the same. She chose Daniel and Scott.[46]

Exits

On Day 6, Javi was eliminated after failing to couple up.[47]

Week 2

Entrances

On Day 7, Malia and Rachel entered the villa.[48]
On Day 11, Adam M entered the villa.[49]

Coupling

On Day 13, the Islanders re-coupled once again. They were told that whoever new Islander Adam M coupled up with would be safe from the next elimination. Nathan and Cara, Scott and Kady, Terry and Malin, Tom and Sophie, Zara and Daniel remained coupled together, whilst Rykard picked Rachel, and Adam M chose Olivia.[50]

Challenges

On Day 7, Tom and Sophie hosted "A Trifling Matter" where the other couples competed to pass trifle ingredients from one bowl to another by passing with their mouths only. Olivia and Rykard won this challenge.
On Day 9, the boys competed against each other to sweat the most after doing physical exercise, then place their sweaty clothes into a bag. The girls then had to judge the scent of the boys without knowing which bag belonged to who, and then choose the most attractive scent. As most of the girls chose Rykard, he won the challenge.
On Day 11, Rachel hosted as the Islanders took part in "Size Matters" where the girls had to use clay to make models of their partner's penis. The boys then had to make models of their own penis. The couple with the most similar models won the challenge. This was Tom and Sophie.

Dates

On Day 7, Scott left the villa to go on a date with new Islander Malia, whilst Daniel left to date new Islander Rachel.[48]
On Day 9, Daniel and Zara left the villa to go on a date feeding ostriches.
On Day 9, after winning a challenge, Rykard chose to spend the night with Rachel in the Hideaway.
On Day 10, the girls speed dated four potential new Islanders.[51]
On Day 12, as the new Islander, Adam M was given the opportunity to take three girls out of the villa and date them separately. He chose Olivia, Sophie and Zara.[52]

Exits

On Day 7, Malia was removed from the villa following an altercation with Kady.[53]

Week 3

Entrances

On Day 18, Alex and James entered the villa.[54]
On Day 20, Liana and Tina entered the villa.[55]

Coupling

On Day 20, the Islanders re-coupled again, where the girls chose the boy they wanted to be in a couple with. Cara and Nathan, Kady and Scott, Malin and Terry, and Sophie and Tom remained together, whilst Zara chose Adam M, and Olivia picked Alex. As James remained single, he was dumped from the island.[56]

Challenges

On Day 16, the Islanders had to do dares that they randomly picked from a cup.
On Day 17, the Islanders were tested on how well they knew their other half. As the only single girl, Zara hosted the quiz. Tom and Sophie were announced as the winners of this challenge, and were rewarded with a video call home.[57]
On Day 18, Alex and James rated the other Islanders from most to least in a number of categories. The Islanders had to guess what Alex and James voted.[58]
On Day 19, the girls went head-to-head against each other in a pool of gunge. To win the game they had to be the first one to take the socks from their opponent. As Olivia was the fastest winner, she won the challenge overall.

Dates

On Day 17, the public voted Malin and Terry to go on a date.
On Day 18, the public voted Zara to date one of the new Islanders. She then chose Alex to spend the night in the Hideaway with her.[59]
On Day 19, new Islanders Alex and James were asked to choose one girl each to take on a date. Alex chose Olivia, and James chose Kady.[60]

Exits

On Day 15, after receiving the least amount of public votes, Daniel and Zara, and Rykard and Rachel were in danger of leaving. The remaining couples had to choose one member of each couple to dump from the island. They chose Daniel and Rachel.[61]
On Day 15, following Rachel's elimination, Rykard decided to leave the villa.[62]
On Day 20, James was eliminated after failing to couple up.[56]

Week 4

Entrances

On Day 27, Emma entered the villa.[63]

Coupling

On Day 21, Liana and Tina were asked to put two coupled on a break, and couple up with that boy for the night. Liana chose Alex and Olivia, whilst Tina chose Scott and Kady.[64]

Challenges

On Day 21, new Islanders Liana and Tina were asked to put two couples on a break and separate them for the night. They chose Alex and Olivia, and Kady and Scott. As a result, Scott became coupled up with Tina for the night, and Liana was coupled with Alex.
On Day 24, the boys had to revise on a subject to do with love, with the girls testing them afterwards. Scott was the winner of the quiz, and was rewarded with a video call home.[65]
On Day 24, the girls took part in a "Miss Love Island 2016" competition where they each had to show off their talents. The boys chose Sophie as the winner.
On Day 25, the Islanders were given quotes which had been said about them in the villa. The Islanders had to throw a mug of cold tea over the Islander they thought said the quote.
On Day 26, the boys each had to complete an undercover assignment without the girls knowing. They completed their missions and were rewarded with a football and goal posts.
On Day 27, the girls had to attempt to raise their partners heart rate. The girl who raised their boy's heart rate the most would win the challenge. Scott and Kady were the winners.

Dates

On Day 23, Tom and Sophie left the villa to go on a date.
On Day 23, Cara and Nathan spent the night in the Hideaway following a date.
On Day 27, Scott and Kady left the villa to go on a shopping date to buy food to cook for their fellow Islanders that night.
On Day 27, Adam M and Terry went on a date with new Islander Emma before she entered the villa.

Exits

On Day 22, Zara decided to leave the villa due to a family emergency.[4]
On Day 25, the public voted for their favourite girl in the villa. As Malin received the fewest votes, she was eliminated.[66]

Week 5

Entrances

On Day 30, Oliver and Troy entered the villa, but were instantly told that only one of them would be staying.[67]
On Day 34, Adam J and Katie entered the villa after being chosen by the other Islanders.[68]

Coupling

On Day 32, the Islanders re-coupled again, where the boys chose which girls they'd like to couple up with. They were told that Troy and the girl he chose would be immune from the next dumping. Cara and Nathan, Alex and Olivia, Scott and Kady and Sophie and Tom decided to remain together, whilst Terry chose to couple up with Emma, Adam M picked Liana, and Troy chose Tina.[69]

Challenges

On Day 30, the Islanders were all blindfolded and had to find their partner. During the task, Oliver and Troy entered the villa to join in.
On Day 32, the girls had to build some flat pack furniture. However it was the boys who had the instructions. The girls had to phone their partner who would explain how to build it over the phone. As Emma and Sophie ditched the boys and built it themselves, they won champagne.
On Day 34, potential new Islanders entered the villa and were put through a number of tests by the original Islanders. The boys chose Katie to stay, whilst the girls chose Adam J to stay.[70]

Dates

On Day 29, as a new Islander, Emma was asked to choose one boy to go on a date with. She chose Terry.
On Day 30, as new Islanders, Oliver and Troy were able to take three girls on a date. Oliver chose Kady, Sophie and Tina, whilst Troy chose Liana, Tina and Kady.
On Day 31, for Nathan's birthday, he left the villa to go on a date with Cara.
On Day 32, Troy and Tina left the villa to go on a date.[71]

Exits

On Day 31, the girls were asked to choose one of the new Islanders; Oliver and Troy to be dumped from the island. They chose to eliminate Oliver.[72]
On Day 33, Liana and Tom were dumped from the island following the Islander's decision to vote for Tom and Sophie, and Adam M and Liana as the weakest couples. The public then voted to save one Islander from each couple. They saved Sophie and Adam M leaving Liana and Tom eliminated.[73]

Week 6

Entrances

On Day 37, Lauren entered the villa.

Coupling

On Day 37, the Islanders re-coupled once again, where the girls had to choose who they wanted to couple up with. Nathan and Cara, Terry and Emma, Scott and Kady, and Alex and Olivia all remained with each other, whilst Tina chose to be with Adam M, and Katie decided to couple up with Sophie. This left Adam J and Troy single. Lauren then entered the villa and was asked to couple up with one of the single boys. She chose Adam J, which caused Troy to be dumped from the island.
On Day 40, due to Sophie's exit from the villa, the Islanders re-coupled for the final time. As Lauren and Adam J were already immune, they were automatically coupled up. Cara and Nathan, Scott and Kady, Terry and Emma, Alex and Olivia all remained together, whilst Adam M chose Katie. This left Tina single who was therefore dumped from the island.[74]

Challenges

On Day 36, the couples took part in a quiz hosted by Adam J and Katie. The answers to the questions were either A, B or C and the Islanders had swim to the correct answer in order to score a point. Alex and Olivia were the winners of the quiz.
On Day 38, the Islanders were shown a number of tweets from viewers. They had to then guess who each tweet was about by finding the answer in a pool.
On Day 39, the couples were given a dog for the day to look after.[75]
On Day 40, the boys took a lie detector test with the girls asking the questions.[76]
On Day 40 and 41, the couples had their parenting skills tested by looking after dolls.

Dates

On Day 35, as new Islanders, Adam J and Katie were asked to choose three other Islanders to take on dates. Adam J chose Sophie, Olivia and Tina, whilst Katie chose Alex, Adam M and Sophie.
On Day 37, Scott and Terry left the villa to go on a mates date. They were then interrupted by Malin who returned to confront Terry.[77]
On Day 37, having failed to couple up, Adam J and Troy were given a final opportunity to save themselves by dating new Islander Lauren. She then chose which of the two should remain in the villa.
On Day 40, Adam M and Katie left the villa to go on a date.
On Day 41, as a reward for winning the parenting challenge, Cara and Nathan left the villa to go on a date.

Exits

On Day 37, Troy was eliminated after failing to couple up.
On Day 39, Sophie decided to leave the villa.[5]
On Day 40, Tina was eliminated after failing to couple up.[74]
On Day 41, Adam J and Lauren, and Emma and Terry were eliminated after receiving the fewest public votes to save.[78]

Week 7

Entrances

On Day 42, the Islander's friends and family briefly entered the villa.[79]

Challenges

On Day 44, the Islanders were told that they'd be hosting "Love Island Summer Ball". The boys had to learn how to dance to impress the girls, whilst they left the villa to go shopping for dresses.
On Day 45, as winners, Cara and Nathan were given the choice of two envelopes. One containing £50,000 and the other containing nothing. As Cara picked the one with the money in, she was given the choice to keep it for herself of split the money with Nathan. She chose to share.

Dates

On Day 43, the Islanders chose Adam M and Katie to spend the night in the Hideaway.

Exits

On Day 45, Adam M and Katie left the villa in fourth place, whilst Scott and Kady finished third. Cara and Nathan were then voted the winners, leaving Alex and Olivia as runners-up.[80]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Official ratings are taken from BARB and include ITV2 +1.[81] Because the Saturday episodes are weekly catch-up episodes rather than nightly highlights, these are not included in the overall averages.

text:
Viewers (millions)

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Sunday

1.21
1.36
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.32

Monday

1.23
1.21
1.40
1.54
1.66
1.73
1.69

Tuesday

1.16
1.13
1.36
1.58
1.66
1.80

Wednesday

1.22
1.48
1.36
1.53
1.54
1.54

Thursday

1.25
1.34
1.46
1.66
1.66
1.42

Friday

1.40
1.31
1.55
1.63
1.63
1.47

Weekly average

1.25

1.28

1.42

1.59

1.63

1.59

1.51

Running average

1.25

1.27

1.32

1.39

1.43

1.46

1.47

Series average

1.47