document_title: Grammy Award for Album of the Year

question_text: who won best album of the year 2016

question_tokens: who won best album of the year 2016

text: Grammy Award for Album of the Year

text: Achievements[edit]

text: Frank Sinatra, Stevie Wonder, Paul Simon (as performers), Daniel Lanois, Ryan Tedder (as record producers), and Bob Ludwig, Tom Coyne (as mastering engineers) & Tom Elmhirst (as an engineer/mixer) are the biggest winners in this category with three victories each. Ludwig is the only person to win the award three consecutive years (2013–2015). Paul McCartney leads all performers with nine nominations: five as a member of The Beatles, three for solo albums, and one as a member of Wings. Sinatra leads solo performers with eight nominations, seven for solo albums and one for a duet album. McCartney and Simon are the only artists with nominations in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s.

text: The first woman to win the award was Judy Garland in 1961, for Judy at Carnegie Hall. Taylor Swift and Adele are the only women to win the award more than once for their own albums (winning for Fearless and 1989 and 21 and 25, respectively; Swift was also nominated for Red). In addition, Lauryn Hill, Norah Jones and Alison Krauss are all tied with Swift and Adele with two wins overall, each winning as lead artist for their respective albums, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, Come Away with Me and Raising Sand (Krauss' collaboration album with Robert Plant); Hill won her second as a producer of her collaboration on Santana's Supernatural (featured artists on non-soundtrack albums did not share in the award before 2008), while the other two also won as featured artists (Jones on Herbie Hancock's River: The Joni Letters and Krauss on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack). Also, for their own albums, besides Swift and Adele, only two female artists have received nominations after previously winning (Bonnie Raitt nominated again for Luck of the Draw and Longing in Their Hearts, after winning previously for Nick of Time, and Barbra Streisand nominated again for People, My Name Is Barbra, Color Me Barbra, Guilty and The Broadway Album, after winning previously for The Barbra Streisand Album).

text: Taylor Swift is also the youngest main artist to win in the category, winning for Fearless in 2010 at the age of 20, suprassing this feat made by Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill in 1996 when she was 21. The Peasall Sisters, Sarah, Hannah and Leah, are the category's youngest credited winners, winning for their contributions to the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack at the ages of 13, 9, and 7 respectively. Leah Peasall is the youngest winner of any Grammy in any category.[2] The youngest person to make an appearance on an Album of the Year is Stevie Wonder's daughter Aisha Morris who appeared on "Isn't She Lovely?" off the album Songs in the Key of Life as an infant.

text: The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the first album by a rock and roll artist to win, Glen Campbell's By The Time I Get To Phoenix was the first by a country artist, Lauryn Hill's The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill the first by a hip hop artist, Arcade Fire's The Suburbs the first by an indie rock artist, and Daft Punk's Random Access Memories the first by an electronic music artist.

text: Only two artists have won the award in two consecutive years, Frank Sinatra and Stevie Wonder. Sinatra had wins in 1966 and 1967 and Wonder followed with wins in 1974 and 1975. (Lauryn Hill also won as a producer in 2000, after winning previously in 1999 as an artist and producer.) Wonder and Sinatra both won the most Grammys for Album of the Year within a decade. Sinatra had wins in 1960, 1966 and 1967, while Wonder had wins in 1974, 1975 and 1977.

text: Frank Sinatra, The Beatles, Barbra Streisand and Lady Gaga are the only artists to receive three nominations for consecutive albums in this category. Gaga and Kanye West being the only solo artists to receive nomination for their first three albums. Additionally, The Beatles hold the record for most consecutive years being nominated for Album of the Year, with five.

text: To date, there have been two "live" albums to win the award: Judy at Carnegie Hall and The Concert for Bangladesh, though two "MTV Unplugged" albums (Eric Clapton's and Tony Bennett's) have won the award as well, which were performed in front of an intimate, live audience. One television soundtrack recording was also the very first recipient: The Music from Peter Gunn. Two comedy albums have also triumphed in this category: The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart and The First Family. There have been three soundtrack compilation albums that have been successful, as well: Saturday Night Fever, The Bodyguard (though only Whitney Houston won for it as an artist) and O Brother, Where Art Thou?.

text: As of 2017, only six artists have won Album of the Year more than once as the main credited artist: Frank Sinatra (1960, 1966, 1967), Stevie Wonder (1974, 1975, 1977), Paul Simon (1976, 1987), U2 (1988, 2006), Taylor Swift (2010, 2016) and Adele (2012, 2017). Sinatra and Wonder both won the award three times as the main credited artist.[3]

text: Recipients[edit]

text:
Year[I]
Winner(s)
Work
Nominees
Ref.

1959
Mancini, HenryHenry Mancini
The Music from Peter Gunn

Come Fly with Me – Frank Sinatra
Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Irving Berlin Songbook – Ella Fitzgerald
Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely – Frank Sinatra
Tchaikovsky: Concerto No. 1 in B Flat Minor, Op. 23 – Van Cliburn

[4]

1960
Sinatra, FrankFrank Sinatra
Come Dance with Me!

Belafonte at Carnegie Hall – Harry Belafonte
More Music From Peter Gunn – Henry Mancini
Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 3 – Van Cliburn
Victory at Sea, Vol. 1 – Robert Russell Bennett

[5]

1961
Newhart, BobBob Newhart
The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart

Belafonte Returns to Carnegie Hall – Harry Belafonte
Brahms: Concert No. 2 in B-Flat – Sviatoslav Richter
Nice 'n' Easy – Frank Sinatra
Puccini: Turandot – Erich Leinsdorf
Wild Is Love – Nat King Cole

[6]

1962
Garland, JudyJudy Garland
Judy at Carnegie Hall

Breakfast at Tiffany's Soundtrack – Henry Mancini
Genius+Soul=Jazz – Ray Charles
Great Band with Great Voices – Si Zentner & the Johnny Mann Singers
The Nat King Cole Story – Nat King Cole
West Side Story Soundtrack – Various Artists

[7]

1963
Meader, VaughnVaughn Meader
The First Family

I Left My Heart in San Francisco – Tony Bennett
Jazz Samba – Stan Getz & Charlie Byrd
Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music – Ray Charles
My Son, the Folk Singer – Allan Sherman

[8]

1964
Streisand, BarbraBarbra Streisand
The Barbra Streisand Album

Bach's Greatest Hits – The Swingle Singers
Days of Wine and Roses and Other TV Requests – Andy Williams
Honey in the Horn – Al Hirt
The Singing Nun – The Singing Nun

[9]

1965
Getz, StanStan Getz & João Gilberto (with Astrud Gilberto & Antonio Carlos Jobim)
Getz/Gilberto

Cotton Candy – Al Hirt
Funny Girl: Original Broadway Cast – Various Artists
People – Barbra Streisand
The Pink Panther – Henry Mancini

[10]

1966
Sinatra, FrankFrank Sinatra
produced by Sonny Burke
September of My Years

Help! – The Beatles
My Name Is Barbra – Barbra Streisand
My World – Eddy Arnold
The Sound of Music Soundtrack – Various Artists

[11]

1967
Sinatra, FrankFrank Sinatra
produced by Sonny Burke
A Man and His Music

Color Me Barbra – Barbra Streisand
Dr. Zhivago Soundtrack – Maurice Jarre
Revolver – The Beatles
What Now My Love – Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass

[12]

1968
Beatles, The !The Beatles
produced by George Martin
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim – Frank Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim
It Must Be Him – Vikki Carr
My Cup Runneth Over – Ed Ames
Ode to Billie Joe – Bobbie Gentry

[13]

1969
Campbell, GlenGlen Campbell
produced by Al De Lory
By the Time I Get to Phoenix

Bookends – Simon & Garfunkel
Feliciano! – José Feliciano
Magical Mystery Tour – The Beatles
A Tramp Shining – Richard Harris

[14]

1970
Blood, Sweat & Tears
produced by James William Guercio
Blood, Sweat & Tears

Abbey Road – The Beatles
The Age of Aquarius – The 5th Dimension
Crosby, Stills & Nash – Crosby, Stills & Nash
At San Quentin – Johnny Cash

[15]

1971
Simon & Garfunkel
produced by Art Garfunkel, Paul Simon & Roy Halee
Bridge over Troubled Water

Chicago – Chicago
Close to You – The Carpenters
Déjà Vu – Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young
Elton John – Elton John
Sweet Baby James – James Taylor

[16]

1972
King, CaroleCarole King
produced by Lou Adler
Tapestry

All Things Must Pass – George Harrison
Carpenters – The Carpenters
Jesus Christ Superstar (London Production) – Various Artists
Shaft – Isaac Hayes

[17]

1973
Harrison, GeorgeGeorge Harrison & Friends (Ravi Shankar, Bob Dylan, Leon Russell, Ringo Starr, Billy Preston, Eric Clapton & Klaus Voormann)
produced by George Harrison & Phil Spector
The Concert for Bangladesh

American Pie – Don McLean
Jesus Christ Superstar (Original Broadway Cast Recording) – Various Artists
Moods – Neil Diamond
Nilsson Schmilsson – Nilsson

[18]

1974
Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder
produced by Stevie Wonder
Innervisions

Behind Closed Doors – Charlie Rich
The Divine Miss M – Bette Midler
Killing Me Softly – Roberta Flack
There Goes Rhymin' Simon – Paul Simon

[19]

1975
Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder
produced by Stevie Wonder
Fulfillingness' First Finale

Back Home Again – John Denver
Band on the Run – Paul McCartney & Wings
Caribou – Elton John
Court and Spark – Joni Mitchell

[20]

1976
Simon, PaulPaul Simon
produced by Paul Simon & Phil Ramone
Still Crazy After All These Years

Between the Lines – Janis Ian
Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy – Elton John
Heart Like a Wheel – Linda Ronstadt
One of These Nights – The Eagles

[21]

1977
Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder
produced by Stevie Wonder
Songs in the Key of Life

Breezin' – George Benson
Chicago X – Chicago
Frampton Comes Alive! – Peter Frampton
Silk Degrees – Boz Scaggs

[22]

1978
Fleetwood Mac
produced by Fleetwood Mac, Ken Caillat & Richard Dashut
Rumours

Aja – Steely Dan
Hotel California – The Eagles
JT – James Taylor
Star Wars Soundtrack – John Williams conducting the London Symphony Orchestra

[23]

1979
Bee Gees/Various artists [A]
Saturday Night Fever: The Original Movie Sound Track

Even Now – Barry Manilow
Grease Original Soundtrack Album – Various Artists
Running on Empty – Jackson Browne
Some Girls – The Rolling Stones

[24]

1980
Joel, BillyBilly Joel
produced by Phil Ramone
52nd Street

Minute by Minute – The Doobie Brothers
The Gambler – Kenny Rogers
Bad Girls – Donna Summer
Breakfast in America – Supertramp

[25]

1981
Cross, ChristopherChristopher Cross
produced by Michael Omartian
Christopher Cross

Glass Houses – Billy Joel
The Wall – Pink Floyd
Trilogy: Past Present Future – Frank Sinatra
Guilty – Barbra Streisand

[26]

1982
Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon & Yoko Ono
produced by Jack Douglas, John Lennon & Yoko Ono
Double Fantasy

Mistaken Identity – Kim Carnes
Breakin' Away – Al Jarreau
The Dude – Quincy Jones
Gaucho – Steely Dan

[27]

1983
Toto
produced by Toto
Toto IV

American Fool – John Cougar
The Nightfly – Donald Fagen
The Nylon Curtain – Billy Joel
Tug of War – Paul McCartney

[28]

1984
Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson
produced by Michael Jackson & Quincy Jones
Thriller

Let's Dance – David Bowie
An Innocent Man – Billy Joel
Synchronicity – The Police
Flashdance Soundtrack – Various Artists

[29]

1985
Richie, LionelLionel Richie
produced by James Anthony Carmichel & Lionel Richie
Can't Slow Down

She's So Unusual – Cyndi Lauper
Purple Rain – Prince & The Revolution
Born in the U.S.A. – Bruce Springsteen
Private Dancer – Tina Turner

[30]

1986
Collins, PhilPhil Collins
produced by Hugh Padgham & Phil Collins
No Jacket Required

Brothers in Arms – Dire Straits
Whitney Houston – Whitney Houston
The Dream of the Blue Turtles – Sting
We Are the World – USA for Africa

[31]

1987
Simon, PaulPaul Simon
produced by Roy Halee & Paul Simon
Graceland

So – Peter Gabriel
Control – Janet Jackson
The Broadway Album – Barbra Streisand
Back in the High Life – Steve Winwood

[32]

1988
U2
produced by Brian Eno & Daniel Lanois
The Joshua Tree

Whitney – Whitney Houston
Bad – Michael Jackson
Trio – Dolly Parton, Linda Ronstadt, & Emmylou Harris
Sign o' the Times – Prince

[33]

1989
Michael, GeorgeGeorge Michael
produced by George Michael
Faith

Tracy Chapman – Tracy Chapman
Simple Pleasures – Bobby McFerrin
...Nothing Like the Sun – Sting
Roll with It – Steve Winwood

[34]

1990
Raitt, BonnieBonnie Raitt
produced by Don Was
Nick of Time

The End of the Innocence – Don Henley
The Raw and the Cooked – Fine Young Cannibals
Full Moon Fever – Tom Petty
Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 – Traveling Wilburys

[35]

1991
Jones, QuincyQuincy Jones and various artists
produced by Quincy Jones
Back on the Block

Mariah Carey – Mariah Carey
...But Seriously – Phil Collins
Please Hammer Don't Hurt 'Em – MC Hammer
Wilson Phillips – Wilson Phillips

[36]

1992
Cole, NatalieNatalie Cole
produced by Andre Fischer, David Foster & Tommy LiPuma
Unforgettable... with Love

Heart in Motion – Amy Grant
Luck of the Draw – Bonnie Raitt
Out of Time – R.E.M.
The Rhythm of the Saints – Paul Simon

[37]

1993
Clapton, EricEric Clapton
produced by Russ Titelman
Unplugged

Ingénue – k.d. lang
Diva – Annie Lennox
Achtung Baby – U2
Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – Various Artists

[38]

1994
Houston, WhitneyWhitney Houston[B]
produced by Babyface, BeBe Winans, David Cole, David Foster, L.A. Reid, Narada Michael Walden & Robert Clivillés
The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album

Kamakiriad – Donald Fagen
River of Dreams – Billy Joel
Automatic for the People – R.E.M.
Ten Summoner's Tales – Sting

[39]

1995
Bennett, TonyTony Bennett
produced by David Kahne
MTV Unplugged

The Three Tenors in Concert 1994 – José Carreras, Plácido Domingo & Luciano Pavarotti with Zubin Mehta
From the Cradle – Eric Clapton
Longing in Their Hearts – Bonnie Raitt
Seal – Seal

[40]

1996
Morissette, AlanisAlanis Morissette
produced by Glen Ballard
Jagged Little Pill

Daydream – Mariah Carey
HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I – Michael Jackson
Relish – Joan Osborne
Vitalogy – Pearl Jam

[41]

1997
Dion, CelineCeline Dion
produced by Rick Hahn, Aldo Nova, Billy Steinberg, Dan Hill, David Foster, Humberto Gatica, Jean-Jacques Goldman, Jeff Bova, Jim Steinman, John Jones, Ric Wake, Rick Nowels, Roy Bittan & Steven Rinkoff
Falling into You

Odelay – Beck
The Score – The Fugees
Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness – The Smashing Pumpkins
Waiting to Exhale: Original Soundtrack Album – Various Artists

[42]

1998
Dylan, BobBob Dylan
produced by Daniel Lanois
Time out of Mind

The Day – Babyface
This Fire – Paula Cole
Flaming Pie – Paul McCartney
OK Computer – Radiohead

[43]

1999
Hill, LaurynLauryn Hill
 · engineered/mixed by Chris Theis, Commissioner Gordon, Johnny Wydrycz, Ken Johnston, Matt Howe, Storm Jefferson, Tony Prendatt & Warren Riker
 · produced by Lauryn Hill
The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill

Ray of Light – Madonna
The Globe Sessions – Sheryl Crow
Version 2.0 – Garbage
Come on Over – Shania Twain

[44]

2000
Santana
 · engineered/mixed by Alvaro Villagra, Andy Grassi, Anton Pukshansky, Benny Faccone, Chris Theis, Commissioner Gordon, David Frazer, David Thoener, Glenn Kolotkin, Jeff Poe, Jim Gaines, Jim Scott, John Gamble, John Karpowich, John Seymour, Matty Spindel, Mike Couzzi, Steve Farrone, Steve Fontano, T-Ray, Tony Prendatt, Warren Riker & Tom Lord-Alge
 · produced by Alex Gonzales, Art Hodge, Dante Ross, Stephen M. Harris, Charles Goodan, Clive Davis, Dust Brothers, Fher Olvera, Jerry 'Wonder' Duplessis, K. C. Porter, Lauryn Hill, Matt Serletic & Wyclef Jean
Supernatural

Millennium – Backstreet Boys
Fly – Dixie Chicks
When I Look in Your Eyes – Diana Krall
FanMail – TLC

[45]

2001
Steely Dan
 · engineered/mixed by Dave Russell, Phil Burnett, Elliot Scheiner & Roger Nichols
 · produced by Donald Fagen & Walter Becker
Two Against Nature

Midnite Vultures – Beck
The Marshall Mathers LP – Eminem
Kid A – Radiohead
You're the One – Paul Simon

[46]

2002
Various artists[C]
O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack

Acoustic Soul – India.Arie
Love and Theft – Bob Dylan
Stankonia – OutKast
All That You Can't Leave Behind – U2

[47]

2003
Jones, NorahNorah Jones
 · engineered/mixed by Jay Newland & S. Husky Höskulds
 · master engineered by Ted Jensen
 · produced by Jay Newland, Arif Mardin, Craig Street & Norah Jones
Come Away with Me

Home – Dixie Chicks
The Eminem Show – Eminem
Nellyville – Nelly
The Rising – Bruce Springsteen

[48]

2004
OutKast
 · engineered/mixed by Chris Carmouche, Brian Paturalski, Darrell Thorp, Dexter Simmons, John Frye, Kevin Davis, Matt Still, Moka Nagatani, Neal H. Pogue, Padraic Kernin, Pete Novak, Reggie Dozier, Robert Hannon, Terrence Cash & Vincent Alexander
 ·  master engineered by Bernie Grundman & Brian Gardner
 · produced by André 3000, Big Boi & Carl Mo
Speakerboxxx/The Love Below

Under Construction – Missy Elliott
Fallen – Evanescence
Justified – Justin Timberlake
Elephant – The White Stripes

[49]

2005
Charles, RayRay Charles
 · engineered/mixed by Al Schmitt, Ed Thacker, Joel W. Moss, John Harris, Mark Fleming, Pete Karam, Robert Fernandez, Seth Presant & Terry Howard
 · master engineered by Doug Sax & Robert Hadley
 · produced by Don Mizell, Herbert Waltl, John R. Burk, Terry Howard & Phil Ramone
Genius Loves Company

American Idiot – Green Day
The Diary of Alicia Keys – Alicia Keys
Confessions – Usher
The College Dropout – Kanye West

[50]

2006
U2
 · engineered/mixed by Carl Glanville, Greg Collins, Simon Gogerly, Flood, Jacknife Lee, Nellee Hooper & Steve Lillywhite
 · master engineered by Arnie Acosta
 · produced by Brian Eno, Chris Thomas, Daniel Lanois, Flood, Jacknife Lee & Steve Lillywhite
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb

The Emancipation of Mimi – Mariah Carey
Chaos and Creation in the Backyard – Paul McCartney
Love. Angel. Music. Baby. – Gwen Stefani
Late Registration – Kanye West

[51]

2007
Dixie Chicks
 · engineered/mixed by Chris Testa, Jim Scott & Richard Dodd
 · master engineered by Richard Dodd
 · produced by Rick Rubin
Taking the Long Way

St. Elsewhere – Gnarls Barkley
Continuum – John Mayer
Stadium Arcadium – Red Hot Chili Peppers
FutureSex/LoveSounds – Justin Timberlake

[52]

2008
Hancock, HerbieHerbie Hancock
 · featuring Norah Jones, Joni Mitchell, Leonard Cohen, Luciana Souza, Corinne Bailey Rae & Tina Turner
 · produced by Herbie Hancock & Larry Klein
 · engineered/mixed by Helik Hadar
 · master engineered by Bernie Grundman
River: The Joni Letters

Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace – Foo Fighters
These Days – Vince Gill
Graduation – Kanye West
Back to Black – Amy Winehouse

[53]

2009
Plant, RobertRobert Plant & Alison Krauss
 · produced by T Bone Burnett
 · engineered/mixed by Mike Piersante
 · master engineered by Gavin Lurssen
Raising Sand

Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends – Coldplay
Year of the Gentleman – Ne-Yo
In Rainbows – Radiohead
Tha Carter III – Lil Wayne

[54]

2010
Swift, TaylorTaylor Swift
 · featuring Colbie Caillat
 · produced by Taylor Swift & Nathan Chapman
 · engineered/mixed by Nathan Chapman & Justin Niebank
 · master engineered by Hank Williams
Fearless

I Am... Sasha Fierce – Beyoncé
The E.N.D. – The Black Eyed Peas
The Fame – Lady Gaga
Big Whiskey and the GrooGrux King – Dave Matthews Band

[55]

2011
Arcade Fire
 · produced by Arcade Fire & Markus Dravs
 · engineered/mixed by Arcade Fire, Markus Dravs, Mark Lawson & Craig Silvey
 · master engineered by George Marino
The Suburbs

Recovery – Eminem
Need You Now – Lady Antebellum
The Fame Monster – Lady Gaga
Teenage Dream – Katy Perry

[56]

2012
Adele
 · produced by Adele, Dan Wilson, Jim Abbiss, Paul Epworth, Rick Rubin, Fraser T Smith & Ryan Tedder
 · engineered/mixed by Jim Abbiss, Philip Allen, Beatriz Artola, Ian Dowling, Steve Price, Fraser T. Smith, Ryan Tedder, Tom Elmhirst, Greg Fidelman, Dan Parry, Mark Rankin & Andrew Scheps
 · master engineered by Tom Coyne
21

Wasting Light – Foo Fighters
Born This Way – Lady Gaga
Doo-Wops & Hooligans – Bruno Mars
Loud – Rihanna

[57]

2013
Mumford & Sons
 · produced by Markus Dravs
 · engineered/mixed by Robin Baynton & Ruadhri Cushnan
 · master engineered by Bob Ludwig
Babel

El Camino – The Black Keys
Some Nights – fun.
Channel Orange – Frank Ocean
Blunderbuss – Jack White

[58]

2014
Daft Punk
 · featuring Julian Casablancas, DJ Falcon, Todd Edwards, Chilly Gonzales, Giorgio Moroder, Panda Bear, Nile Rodgers, Paul Williams & Pharrell Williams
 · produced by Thomas Bangalter, Julian Casablancas, Guy-Manuel De Homem-Christo, DJ Falcon & Todd Edwards
 · engineered/mixed by Peter Franco, Mick Guzauski, Florian Lagatta, Guillaume Le Braz & Daniel Lerner
 · master engineered by Antoine "Chab" Chabert & Bob Ludwig
Random Access Memories

The Blessed Unrest – Sara Bareilles
Good Kid, M.A.A.D City – Kendrick Lamar
The Heist – Macklemore and Ryan Lewis
Red – Taylor Swift

[59]

2015
Beck
 · produced by Beck Hansen
 · engineered/mixed by Tom Elmhirst, David Greenbaum, Florian Lagatta, Cole Marsden Greif-Neill, Robbie Nelson, Darrell Thorp, Cassidy Turbin & Joe Visciano
 · master engineered by Bob Ludwig
Morning Phase

Beyoncé – Beyoncé
x – Ed Sheeran
G I R L – Pharrell Williams
In the Lonely Hour – Sam Smith

[60]

2016
Taylor Swift
 · produced by Taylor Swift, Max Martin, Jack Antonoff, Nathan Chapman, Imogen Heap, Greg Kurstin, Mattman & Robin, Ali Payami, Shellback, Ryan Tedder & Noel Zancanella
 · engineered/mixed by Serban Ghenea, John Hanes, Peter Carlsson, Smith Carlson & Brendan Morawski
 · master engineered by Tom Coyne
1989

Sound & Color – Alabama Shakes
To Pimp a Butterfly – Kendrick Lamar
Traveller – Chris Stapleton
Beauty Behind the Madness – The Weeknd

[61]

2017
Adele
 · produced by Danger Mouse, Samuel Dixon, Paul Epworth, Greg Kurstin, Max Martin, Ariel Rechtshaid, Shellback, The Smeezingtons & Ryan Tedder
 · engineered/mixed by Julian Burg, Austen Jux Chandler, Cameron Craig, Samuel Dixon, Tom Elmhirst, Declan Gaffney, Serban Ghenea, John Hanes, Emile Haynie, Jan Holzner, Michael Ilbert, Chris Kasych, Greg Kurstin, Charles Moniz, Liam Nolan, Alex Pasco, Mike Piersante, Ariel Rechtshaid, Rich Rich, Dave Schiffman, Joe Visciano & Matt Wiggins
 · master engineered by Tom Coyne & Randy Merrill
25

Lemonade – Beyoncé
Purpose – Justin Bieber
Views – Drake
A Sailor's Guide to Earth – Sturgill Simpson

[62]

text: ^[I] Each year is linked to the article about the Grammy Awards held that year.

text: Notes:

text:
A ^Award recipients include Bee Gees, David Shire, KC and the Sunshine Band, Kool & the Gang, MFSB, Ralph MacDonald, Tavares, The Trammps, Walter Murphy & Yvonne Elliman as featured artists; Albhy Galuten, Arif Mardin, Bee Gees, Bill Oakes, Bobby Martin, Broadway Eddie, David Shire, Freddie Perren, Harry Wayne Casey, K.G. Productions, Karl Richardson, Ralph MacDonald, Richard Finch, Ron Kersey, Thomas J. Valentino & William Salter, as producers.[63]
B ^Only Houston and the producers of her tracks received the award.[64] Unlike the other two soundtrack compilation albums to win this award, none of the other artists who appeared on The Bodyguard soundtrack (Kenny G, Aaron Neville, Lisa Stansfield, The S.O.U.L. S.Y.S.T.E.M., Curtis Stigers, Joe Cocker, Sass Jordan, and the uncredited instrumental ensemble that performed Alan Silvestri's theme) shared in the award, nor did the producers of those tracks (other than Cole, Foster & Clivilles who also produced some of Houston's tracks).
C ^Award recipients include Mike Piersante & Peter Kurland, as engineers and mixers; Gavin Lurssen, as master engineer; T-Bone Burnett, as producers; Alison Krauss & Union Station, Chris Sharp, Chris Thomas King, Emmylou Harris, Gillian Welch, Harley Allen, John Hartford, Mike Compton, Norman Blake, Pat Enright, Peasall Sisters, Ralph Stanley, Sam Bush, Stuart Duncan, The Cox Family, The Fairfield Four, The Whites & Tim Blake Nelson (all from the U.S.) as featured artists. James Carter and the Prisoners, Harry McClintock & The Stanley Brothers were not included as their recordings long preceded the soundtrack; the only members of those acts still alive at that time were James Carter (the only "Prisoner" from the Alan Lomax recording who was located) and Ralph Stanley (separately credited for recording "O, Death" specifically for the soundtrack). The Soggy Bottom Boys aren't credited as a group, but Dan Tyminski (the singing voice of George Clooney in the film) is credited as a member of Union Station, while the other two members (Harley Allen & Pat Enright) are credited individually. Chris Sharp, Mike Compton, Sam Bush & Stuart Duncan are not listed as lead or featured artists on any track, but were included for their instrumental credits on the album.[65]


document_title: 89th Academy Awards

question_text: who won best supporting actor at the 89th academy awards held in february 2017

root

text: 89th Academy Awards

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: The nominees for the 89th Academy Awards were announced on January 24, 2017, via global live stream from the Academy.[12] La La Land received the most nominations with a record-tying fourteen (1950's All About Eve and 1997's Titanic also achieved this distinction);[13] Arrival and Moonlight came in second with eight apiece.[14][15] La La Land's Best Picture loss to Moonlight meant it set a record for most nominations without winning Best Picture.

tag: p

text: O.J.: Made in America, at 467 minutes, became the longest film to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute War and Peace, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969.[16] Following the win, Academy new rules barred any "multi-part or limited series" from being eligible for documentary categories.[17] With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, he and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to receive the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Tony and Emmy wins. 32-year-old Damien Chazelle became the youngest person to win Best Director; Norman Taurog was 33 when he won Best Director for the 1931 comedy Skippy.

text: Kevin O'Connell finally ended the longest losing streak in Oscar history after 20 unsuccessful nominations for sound mixing, winning for Hacksaw Ridge. Moonlight's Dede Gardner became the first woman to win twice for producing, following her previous Best Picture win for 12 Years a Slave. This was the first time since the 70th Academy Awards that none of the winners of the acting awards won for playing real people, and the first time since the 70th Academy Awards that all four acting winners were American.

text: Awards[edit]

text: Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().[18]

text:
Best Picture

Moonlight – Adele Romanski, Dede Gardner, and Jeremy Kleiner

Arrival – Shawn Levy, Dan Levine, Aaron Ryder, and David Linde
Fences – Scott Rudin, Denzel Washington, and Todd Black
Hacksaw Ridge – Bill Mechanic and David Permut
Hell or High Water – Carla Hacken and Julie Yorn
Hidden Figures – Donna Gigliotti, Peter Chernin, Jenno Topping, Pharrell Williams, and Theodore Melfi
La La Land – Fred Berger, Jordan Horowitz, and Marc Platt
Lion – Emile Sherman, Iain Canning, and Angie Fielder
Manchester by the Sea – Matt Damon, Kimberly Steward, Chris Moore, Lauren Beck, and Kevin J. Walsh

Best Director

Damien Chazelle – La La Land

Denis Villeneuve – Arrival
Mel Gibson – Hacksaw Ridge
Kenneth Lonergan – Manchester by the Sea
Barry Jenkins – Moonlight

Best Actor

Casey Affleck – Manchester by the Sea as Lee Chandler

Andrew Garfield – Hacksaw Ridge as Desmond T. Doss
Ryan Gosling – La La Land as Sebastian Wilder
Viggo Mortensen – Captain Fantastic as Ben Cash
Denzel Washington – Fences as Troy Maxson

Best Actress

Emma Stone – La La Land as Mia Dolan

Isabelle Huppert – Elle as Michèle Leblanc
Ruth Negga – Loving as Mildred Loving
Natalie Portman – Jackie as Jackie Kennedy
Meryl Streep – Florence Foster Jenkins as Florence Foster Jenkins

Best Supporting Actor

Mahershala Ali – Moonlight as Juan

Jeff Bridges – Hell or High Water as Marcus Hamilton
Lucas Hedges – Manchester by the Sea as Patrick Chandler
Dev Patel – Lion as Saroo Brierley
Michael Shannon – Nocturnal Animals as Detective Bobby Andes

Best Supporting Actress

Viola Davis – Fences as Rose Maxson

Naomie Harris – Moonlight as Paula
Nicole Kidman – Lion as Sue Brierley
Octavia Spencer – Hidden Figures as Dorothy Vaughan
Michelle Williams – Manchester by the Sea as Randi Chandler

Best Original Screenplay

Manchester by the Sea – Written by Kenneth Lonergan

Hell or High Water – Written by Taylor Sheridan
La La Land – Written by Damien Chazelle
The Lobster – Written by Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthimis Filippou
20th Century Women – Written by Mike Mills

Best Adapted Screenplay

Moonlight – Screenplay by Barry Jenkins; Story by Tarell Alvin McCraney based on the play In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue by Tarell Alvin McCraney

Arrival – Eric Heisserer based on the story "Story of Your Life" written by Ted Chiang
Fences – August Wilson (posthumous nomination) based on his play
Hidden Figures – Allison Schroeder and Theodore Melfi based on the book by Margot Lee Shetterly
Lion – Luke Davies adapted from the book A Long Way Home by Saroo Brierley

Best Animated Feature Film

Zootopia – Byron Howard, Rich Moore, and Clark Spencer

Kubo and the Two Strings – Travis Knight and Arianne Sutner
Moana – John Musker, Ron Clements, and Osnat Shurer
My Life as a Zucchini – Claude Barras and Max Karli
The Red Turtle – Michaël Dudok de Wit and Toshio Suzuki

Best Foreign Language Film

The Salesman (Iran) in Persian – Directed by Asghar Farhadi

Land of Mine (Denmark) in Danish – Directed by Martin Zandvliet
A Man Called Ove (Sweden) in Swedish – Directed by Hannes Holm
Tanna (Australia) in Nauvhal – Directed by Martin Butler and Bentley Dean
Toni Erdmann (Germany) in German – Directed by Maren Ade

Best Documentary – Feature

O.J.: Made in America – Ezra Edelman and Caroline Waterlow

Fire at Sea – Gianfranco Rosi and Donatella Palermo
I Am Not Your Negro – Raoul Peck, Rémi Grellety, and Hébert Peck
Life, Animated – Roger Ross Williams and Julie Goldman
13th – Ava DuVernay, Spencer Averick, and Howard Barish

Best Documentary – Short Subject

The White Helmets – Orlando von Einsiedel and Joanna Natasegara

Extremis – Dan Krauss
4.1 Miles – Daphne Matziaraki
Joe's Violin – Kahane Cooperman and Raphaela Neihausen
Watani: My Homeland – Marcel Mettelsiefen and Stephen Ellis

Best Live Action Short Film

Sing – Kristóf Deák and Anna Udvardy

Ennemis intérieurs – Sélim Azzazi
La femme et le TGV – Timo von Gunten and Giacun Caduff
Silent Nights – Aske Bang and Kim Magnusson
Timecode – Juanjo Giménez

Best Animated Short Film

Piper – Alan Barillaro and Marc Sondheimer

Blind Vaysha – Theodore Ushev
Borrowed Time – Andrew Coats and Lou Hamou-Lhadj
Pear Cider and Cigarettes – Robert Valley and Cara Speller
Pearl – Patrick Osborne

Best Original Score

La La Land – Justin Hurwitz

Jackie – Mica Levi
Lion – Dustin O'Halloran and Hauschka
Moonlight – Nicholas Britell
Passengers – Thomas Newman

Best Original Song

"City of Stars" from La La Land – Music by Justin Hurwitz; Lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

"Audition (The Fools Who Dream)" from La La Land – Music by Justin Hurwitz; Lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
"Can't Stop the Feeling!" from Trolls – Music and Lyrics by Justin Timberlake, Max Martin, and Karl Johan Schuster
"The Empty Chair" from Jim: The James Foley Story – Music and Lyrics by J. Ralph and Sting
"How Far I'll Go" from Moana – Music and Lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda

Best Sound Editing

Arrival – Sylvain Bellemare

Deepwater Horizon – Wylie Stateman and Renée Tondelli
Hacksaw Ridge – Robert Mackenzie and Andy Wright
La La Land – Ai-Ling Lee and Mildred Iatrou Morgan
Sully – Alan Robert Murray and Bub Asman

Best Sound Mixing

Hacksaw Ridge – Kevin O'Connell, Andy Wright, Robert Mackenzie, and Peter Grace

Arrival – Bernard Gariépy Strobl and Claude La Haye
La La Land – Andy Nelson, Ai-Ling Lee, and Steve A. Morrow
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story – David Parker, Christopher Scarabosio, and Stuart Wilson
13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi – Greg P. Russell,[m 1] Gary Summers, Jeffrey J. Haboush, and Mac Ruth

Best Production Design

La La Land – Production Design: David Wasco; Set Decoration: Sandy Reynolds-Wasco

Arrival – Production Design: Patrice Vermette; Set Decoration: Paul Hotte
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them – Production Design: Stuart Craig; Set Decoration: Anna Pinnock
Hail, Caesar! – Production Design: Jess Gonchor; Set Decoration: Nancy Haigh
Passengers – Production Design: Guy Hendrix Dyas; Set Decoration: Gene Serdena

Best Cinematography

La La Land – Linus Sandgren

Arrival – Bradford Young
Lion – Greig Fraser
Moonlight – James Laxton
Silence – Rodrigo Prieto

Best Makeup and Hairstyling

Suicide Squad – Alessandro Bertolazzi, Giorgio Gregorini, and Christopher Nelson

A Man Called Ove – Eva von Bahr and Love Larson
Star Trek Beyond – Joel Harlow and Richard Alonzo

Best Costume Design

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them – Colleen Atwood

Allied – Joanna Johnston
Florence Foster Jenkins – Consolata Boyle
Jackie – Madeline Fontaine
La La Land – Mary Zophres

Best Film Editing

Hacksaw Ridge – John Gilbert

Arrival – Joe Walker
Hell or High Water – Jake Roberts
La La Land – Tom Cross
Moonlight – Nat Sanders and Joi McMillon

Best Visual Effects

The Jungle Book – Robert Legato, Adam Valdez, Andrew R. Jones, and Dan Lemmon

Deepwater Horizon – Craig Hammack, Jason Snell, Jason Billington, and Burt Dalton
Doctor Strange – Stephane Ceretti, Richard Bluff, Vincent Cirelli, and Paul Corbould
Kubo and the Two Strings – Steve Emerson, Oliver Jones, Brian McLean, and Brad Schiff
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story – John Knoll, Mohen Leo, Hal Hickel, and Neil Corbould

tag: table

text: Jump up ^ AMPAS revoked Russell's nomination after discovering that he had contacted voters for the award by telephone in violation of campaigning regulations.[19]

tag: ol

text: Governors Awards[edit]

text: The Academy held its eighth annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 12, 2016, during which the following awards were presented:[20]

text:
Jackie Chan — Hong Kong martial artist, actor, director, producer, and singer.[21]
Anne V. Coates — British film editor.[22]
Lynn Stalmaster — American casting director.[23]
Frederick Wiseman — American filmmaker, documentarian, and theatrical director.[24]

tag: ul

text: Films with multiple nominations and awards[edit]

text:
Films that received multiple nominations[25]

Nominations
Film

14
La La Land

8
Arrival

Moonlight

6
Hacksaw Ridge

Lion

Manchester by the Sea

4
Fences

Hell or High Water

3
Hidden Figures

Jackie

2
A Man Called Ove

Deepwater Horizon

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them

Florence Foster Jenkins

Kubo and the Two Strings

Moana

Passengers

Rogue One: A Star Wars Story

text:
Films that received multiple awards[25]

Awards
Film

6
La La Land

3
Moonlight

2
Hacksaw Ridge

Manchester by the Sea

text: Presenters and performers[edit]

text: The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers.[26][27]

text: Presenters[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role

Randy Thomas
Announcer for the 89th annual Academy Awards

Vikander, AliciaAlicia Vikander
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor

Bateman, JasonJason Bateman
McKinnon, KateKate McKinnon
Presenters of the awards for Best Makeup and Hairstyling and Best Costume Design

Henson, Taraji P.Taraji P. Henson
Johnson, KatherineKatherine Johnson
Monáe, JanelleJanelle Monáe
Spencer, OctaviaOctavia Spencer
Presenters of the award for Best Documentary Feature

Johnson, DwayneDwayne Johnson
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "How Far I'll Go"

Isaacs, Cheryl BooneCheryl Boone Isaacs (AMPAS president)
Special presentation highlighting the benefits of film and diversity

Evans, ChrisChris Evans
Boutella, SofiaSofia Boutella
Presenters of the awards for Best Sound Editing and Best Sound Mixing

Vaughn, VinceVince Vaughn
Presenter of the Governor Award winners

Rylance, MarkMark Rylance
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress

Theron, CharlizeCharlize Theron
MacLaine, ShirleyShirley MacLaine
Presenters of the award for Best Foreign Language Film

Patel, DevDev Patel
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "The Empty Chair"

García Bernal, GaelGael García Bernal
Steinfeld, HaileeHailee Steinfeld
Presenters of the awards for Best Animated Short Film and Best Animated Feature Film

Dornan, JamieJamie Dornan
Johnson, DakotaDakota Johnson
Presenters of the award for Best Production Design

Jones, FelicityFelicity Jones
Ahmed, RizRiz Ahmed
Presenters of the award for Best Visual Effects

Fox, Michael J.Michael J. Fox
Rogen, SethSeth Rogen
Presenters of the award for Best Film Editing

Hayek, SalmaSalma Hayek
Oyelowo, DavidDavid Oyelowo
Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Film

Cho, JohnJohn Cho
Mann, LeslieLeslie Mann
Presenter of the segment of the Academy Scientific and Technical Award !Presenters of the segment of the Academy Scientific and Technical Awards

Bardem, JavierJavier Bardem
Streep, MerylMeryl Streep
Presenters of the award for Best Cinematography

Gosling, RyanRyan Gosling
Stone, EmmaEmma Stone
Introducers of the performance of Best Original Song nominees "Audition (The Fools Who Dream)" and "City of Stars"

Jackson, Samuel L.Samuel L. Jackson
Presenter of the award for Best Original Score

Johansson, ScarlettScarlett Johansson
Presenter of the award for Best Original Song

Aniston, JenniferJennifer Aniston
Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute

Affleck, BenBen Affleck
Matt Damon[n 1]
Presenters of the award for Best Original Screenplay

Adams, AmyAmy Adams
Presenter of the award for Best Adapted Screenplay

Berry, HalleHalle Berry
Presenter of the award for Best Director

Larson, BrieBrie Larson
Presenter of the award for Best Actor

DiCaprio, LeonardoLeonardo DiCaprio
Presenter of the award for Best Actress

Beatty, WarrenWarren Beatty
Dunaway, FayeFaye Dunaway
Presenters of the award for Best Picture

text: Jump up ^ Referred to only as Ben Affleck's "guest" in this segment

text: Performers[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role
Performed

Wheeler, HaroldHarold Wheeler
Musical arranger and conductor
Orchestral

Timberlake, JustinJustin Timberlake
Performer
Opening number: "Can't Stop the Feeling!" from Trolls and "Lovely Day"

Cravalho, Auli'iAuli'i Cravalho
Miranda, Lin-ManuelLin-Manuel Miranda
Performers
"How Far I'll Go" from Moana

, StingSting
Performer
"The Empty Chair" from Jim: The James Foley Story

Legend, JohnJohn Legend
Performer
"City of Stars" and "Audition (The Fools Who Dream)" from La La Land

Bareilles, SaraSara Bareilles
Performer
"Both Sides, Now" during the annual In Memoriam tribute

text: Ceremony information[edit]

text: Due to the mixed reception and low ratings of the previous year's ceremony, producers David Hill and Reginald Hudlin declined to helm the Oscar production. They were replaced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd as producers.[28][29] Actor and comedian Chris Rock told Variety regarding if he would return to host, "Someone else will do it."[30] On December 5, 2016, it was announced that Jimmy Kimmel would host the ceremony.[31] Kimmel expressed that it was truly an honor and a thrill to be asked to host Academy Awards, commenting "Mike and Jennifer have an excellent plan and their enthusiasm is infectious. I am honored to have been chosen to host the 89th and final Oscars."[32]

text: Due to his hosting duties, ABC did not broadcast a special episode of Jimmy Kimmel Live! following the ceremony, as in past years. Instead, ABC aired Live from Hollywood: The After Party, co-hosted by Anthony Anderson, and Lara Spencer of Good Morning America.[33] The stage set was designed by Derek McLane.[34]

text: Box office performance of nominated films[edit]

text:
North American box office gross for Best Picture nominees[35]

Film
Pre-nomination
(before Jan. 24)
Post-nomination
(Jan. 24 – Feb. 26)
Post-awards
(after Feb. 26)
Total

Hidden Figures
$85 million
$67.7 million
$16.5 million
$169.3 million

La La Land
$90.5 million
$50.5 million
$10.2 million
$151.1 million

Arrival
$95.7 million
$4.6 million
$210,648
$100.5 million

Hacksaw Ridge
$65.5 million
$1.4 million
$274,090
$67.2 million

Fences
$48.8 million
$7.7 million
$1.1 million
$57.7 million

Lion
$16.5 million
$26.3 million
$8.9 million
$51.7 million

Manchester by the Sea
$39 million
$7.9 million
$819,980
$47.7 million

Moonlight
$15.9 million
$6.4 million
$5.6 million
$27.9 million

Hell or High Water
$27 million
–
–
$27 million

Total
$483.9 million
$172.4 million
$43.6 million
$700.1 million

Average
$53.8 million
$19.2 million
$4.8 million
$77.8 million

text: At the time of the nominations announcement on January 24, 2017, the combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $483.8 million, with an average of $53.8 million per film.[35] When the nominations were announced, Arrival was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $95.7 million in domestic box office receipts. La La Land was the second-highest-grossing film with $90.5 million, followed by Hidden Figures ($85 million), Hacksaw Ridge ($65.5 million), Fences ($48.8 million), Manchester by the Sea ($39 million), Hell or High Water ($27 million), Lion ($16.5 million) and Moonlight ($15.8 million).[35]

text: Thirty-five nominations went to 13 films on the list of the top 50 grossing movies of the year. Of those 13 films, only Zootopia (3rd), Moana (15th), La La Land (45th), and Arrival (48th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box-office hits that earned nominations were Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (4th), The Jungle Book (5th), Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (8th), Suicide Squad (10th), Doctor Strange (11th), Star Trek Beyond (24th), Trolls (25th), Passengers (30th), and Sully (32nd).

text: Racial diversity[edit]

text: In the previous two years, the awards had come under scrutiny for the lack of racial diversity among the nominees in major categories, which included no actors of color being nominated.[36] After the nominees for the 89th Awards were announced on January 24, many media outlets noted the diversity of the nominations, which included a record-tying seven minority actors and a record-setting six black actors.[37][38][39] For the first time in the Academy's history, each acting category had black actors, with three nominated in the Best Supporting Actress category and three black screenwriters nominated in the Best Adapted Screenplay category in the same year. Also nominated was one black director, the fourth in Oscar history.[40][41][42]

text: The awards continued to be criticized by actors and media organizations representing non-black minorities. The National Hispanic Media Coalition stated that Latino actors were "not getting the opportunities to work in front of camera, and with few exceptions, in back of the camera as well." Daniel Mayeda, chair of the Asian Pacific American Media Coalition, stated that the omission of Asian actors from the nominations list (with only one actor, Dev Patel, nominated) reflected "the continued lack of real opportunities for Asians in Hollywood."[43] A skit performed during the ceremony, in which a group of tourists enter the theater, led to criticism of host Jimmy Kimmel over his mocking of an Asian woman's name.[44]

text: Having previously been nominated for Doubt (2008) and The Help (2011), Viola Davis became the first African-American actress to garner three Academy Award nominations.[45][46] She went on to win the award, making her the first African-American to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting: winning a competitive Emmy, Tony, and Oscar in acting categories. Bradford Young became the first African-American to be nominated for Best Cinematography, while Joi McMillon became the first African-American to be nominated for Best Film Editing since Hugh A. Robertson for Midnight Cowboy, as well as the first black woman to be nominated for that award.[47][48][49] Octavia Spencer became the first African-American actress to be nominated after having already won before.

text: Moonlight became the first film with an all-black cast to win the Best Picture award.[11] Additionally, the ceremony had the most black winners of the Academy Awards ever.[50]

text: Travel ban controversy[edit]

text: Iranian director Asghar Farhadi, who won the Best Foreign Language Film for The Salesman, was revealed to initially be unable to attend the ceremony due to President Donald Trump's immigration ban. He boycotted the event, saying, "I have decided to not attend the Academy Awards ceremony alongside my fellow members of the cinematic community."[51] The Academy president Cheryl Boone Isaacs reacted to the travel ban, saying, "America should always be not a barrier but a beacon and each and every one of us knows that there are some empty chairs in this room which has made academy artists into activists."[52]

text: Two prominent Iranian Americans – engineer Anousheh Ansari, known as the first female space tourist, and Firouz Naderi, a former director of Solar Systems Exploration at NASA – accepted Asghar Farhadi's Oscar on his behalf at the ceremony.[53] Congratulations which had initially been tweeted to the Iranian people from the US State Department's official Persian-language Twitter account were deleted following the acceptance speech given by Firouz Naderi in which President Trump's travel ban was described as "inhumane".[54]

text: Best Picture announcement error[edit]

text: Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway came onstage to present the award for Best Picture, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of Bonnie and Clyde. After opening the envelope, Beatty hesitated to announce the winner, eventually showing it to Dunaway, who glanced at it and declared the favorites for the award, La La Land, the winner. However, more than two minutes later, as the producers of La La Land were making their acceptance speeches, Oscar crew members came on stage and took the envelopes from those assembled, explaining to them that there had been a mistake. La La Land producer Fred Berger, having heard the news, concluded his brief speech by saying "we lost, by the way".

text: Beatty was then given the correct opened envelope as La La Land producer Jordan Horowitz stepped to the microphone, announced the error, stated that Moonlight had actually won the award, and took the card bearing the film's title from Beatty's hand and showed it to the camera and the audience as proof. The La La Land team, particularly Horowitz, would later be praised for their professional handling of the situation. Beatty returned to the microphone and explained that the envelope he had initially been given named Emma Stone for her actress performance in La La Land, hence his confused pause, and confirmed that Moonlight was the winner. The producers of Moonlight then came onstage, Horowitz presented the Best Picture award given to him to them, and they gave their acceptance speeches.[8][55][56]

text: According to The Hollywood Reporter, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) – the accounting firm responsible for tabulating results, preparing the envelopes, and handing them to presenters – creates two sets of envelopes, which are kept on opposite sides of the stage.[57] It is intended that each award has one primary envelope and one backup envelope that remains with one of the PwC Accountants in the wings. Video stills from the broadcast show that Beatty and Dunaway had been given the single remaining still-unopened backup envelope for Actress in a Leading Role as they walked onto the stage.[58]

text: PwC issued a statement apologizing for this error:

text:
“
We sincerely apologize to Moonlight, La La Land, Warren Beatty, Faye Dunaway, and Oscar viewers for the error that was made during the award announcement for Best Picture. The presenters had mistakenly been given the wrong category envelope and when discovered, was immediately corrected. We are currently investigating how this could have happened, and deeply regret that this occurred. We appreciate the grace with which the nominees, the Academy, ABC, and Jimmy Kimmel handled the situation.[59]
”

text: An article from The New York Times explained:

text:
“
The design of the envelopes could have been a factor. The envelopes were redesigned this year to feature red paper with gold lettering that specified the award enclosed, rather than gold paper with dark lettering. That could have made the lettering harder to read. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, not PwC, is responsible for the design and procurement of the envelopes.[60]
”

text: Brian Cullinan, the PwC accountant who handed Beatty the wrong envelope, had been instructed not to use social media during the event, but had tweeted a snapshot of Emma Stone moments after handing the wrong envelope to the official presenters.[61][62] Variety published photographs of Cullinan that were taken at the time which showed him backstage while tweeting the image.[63]

text: Critical reception and television ratings[edit]

text: The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets received the broadcast more positively with praise directed toward host Kimmel. Television critic Sonia Saraiya of the Variety remarked, "Kimmel's Oscars found a way to balance the telecast between that sensibility — the treacly self-satisfaction of sweeping orchestrals and tap-dancing starlets — and the very real widening gulf between the wealthy and cultured elites in Hollywood and the global public they make art for."[64] Robert Bianco of USA Today said that, "a host can make matters better or worse, and on that scale, Kimmel definitely fell on the 'better' side. He was a constantly amusing, good-natured presence who usually hit the mark, and who was able to recover quickly when he didn't." [65] Television critic Brian Lowry from CNN stated, "Kimmel proved a helpful choice given the polarized climate. He brought a light touch to his satire—acknowledging partisan division and poking at Trump without seeming mean-spirited—and an overall silliness to the proceedings."[66]

text: Others were more critical of the show. Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly remarked, "Kimmel (and/or the producers) didn't know when to stop and didn't know when to bail on stuff that wasn't working, a judgment fail that got more irritating as the show went long. They had to do the parachuting snack delivery thing three times?"[67] Time television critic Daniel D'Addario wrote, "To dispense with what did not work: It was unfortunate that the evening's host didn't seem to share the evening's general embrace of humanity, but, well, one can't have everything."[68] The Oregonian columnist Kristi Turnquist wrote, "His recurring visits got less entertaining as the evening dragged on." She added, "And does anybody else find the long-running mock feud between Kimmel and Matt Damon as hilarious as they do? By the end of the Oscars broadcast, this bit felt as tedious as the ill-advised recurring segments featuring actors waxing on about favorite films."[69]

text: Attaining 33 million U.S. viewers according to Nielsen ratings, the ceremony's telecast had a 4-percent drop in viewership from last year's ceremony and had the lowest U.S. viewership since the 80th ceremony in 2008, which averaged 32 million viewers.[70]

text: In July 2017, the ceremony presentation received eight nominations for the 69th Primetime Emmys.[71] The following month, the ceremony won one of those nominations for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special (Glenn Weiss).[72]

text: In Memoriam[edit]

text: The annual In Memoriam segment was introduced by Jennifer Aniston with Sara Bareilles performing a rendition of the Joni Mitchell song "Both Sides, Now" during the montage.[73][74] Beforehand, Aniston paid verbal tribute to actor Bill Paxton, who died the day before the ceremony. The segment paid tribute to:

text:
Arthur Hiller
Ken Adam
Tracy Scott
Bill Nunn
Alice Arlen
George Kennedy
Gene Wilder
Donald P. Harris
Paul Sylbert
Michael Cimino
Andrzej Wajda
Patty Duke
Garry Marshall
Wilma Baker
Emmanuelle Riva
Janet Patterson
Anton Yelchin
Mary Tyler Moore
Prince
Kenny Baker
John Hurt
Jim Clark
Norma Moriceau
Fern Buchner
Kit West
Lupita Tovar
Manlio Rocchetti
Pat Conroy
Nancy Davis Reagan
Abbas Kiarostami
William Peter Blatty
Ken Howard
Tyrus Wong
Héctor Babenco
Curtis Hanson
Marni Nixon
Ray West
Raoul Coutard
Zsa Zsa Gabor
Antony Gibbs
Om Puri
Andrea Jaffe
Richard Portman
Debbie Reynolds
Carrie Fisher

text: Errors[edit]

text: The slide for Janet Patterson, an Australian costume designer, mistakenly used a photograph of Australian producer Jan Chapman, who is still alive.[75]


document_title: Shulba Sutras

question_text: ancient mathematics book shiva sutra was written by

text: Shulba Sutras

text: Purpose and origins[edit]

text: The Shulba Sutras are part of the larger corpus of texts called the Shrauta Sutras, considered to be appendices to the Vedas. They are the only sources of knowledge of Indian mathematics from the Vedic period. Unique fire-altar shapes were associated with unique gifts from the Gods. For instance, "he who desires heaven is to construct a fire-altar in the form of a falcon"; "a fire-altar in the form of a tortoise is to be constructed by one desiring to win the world of Brahman" and "those who wish to destroy existing and future enemies should construct a fire-altar in the form of a rhombus".[1]

text: The four major Shulba Sutras, which are mathematically the most significant, are those attributed to Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana.[1] Their language is late Vedic Sanskrit, pointing to a composition roughly during the 1st millennium BCE.[1] The oldest is the sutra attributed to Baudhayana, possibly compiled around 800 BCE to 600 BCE.[1] while the youngest content may date to about 200 CE.[2]

text: List of Shulba Sutras[edit]

text:
Apastamba
Baudhayana
Manava
Katyayana
Maitrayaniya (somewhat similar to Manava text)
Varaha (in manuscript)
Vadhula (in manuscript)
Hiranyakeshin (similar to Apastamba Shulba Sutras)

text: Mathematics[edit]

text: Pythagorean theorem[edit]

text: The sutras contain discussion and non-axiomatic demonstrations of cases of the Pythagorean theorem and Pythagorean triples.[3] It is also implied and cases presented in the earlier work of Apastamba[2][4] and Baudhayana, although there is no consensus on whether or not Apastamba's rule is derived from Mesopotamia. In Baudhayana, the rules are given as follows:

text:
1.9. The diagonal of a square produces double the area [of the square].
[...]
1.12. The areas [of the squares] produced separately by the lengths of the breadth of a rectangle together equal the area [of the square] produced by the diagonal.
1.13. This is observed in rectangles having sides 3 and 4, 12 and 5, 15 and 8, 7 and 24, 12 and 35, 15 and 36.[5]

text: The Satapatha Brahmana and the Taittiriya Samhita were probably also aware of the Pythagoras theorem.[6] Seidenberg (1983) argued that either "Old Babylonia got the theorem of Pythagoras from India or that Old Babylonia and India got it from a third source".[7] Seidenberg suggested that this source might be Sumerian and may predate 1700 BC. Staal 1999 illustrates an application of the Pythagorean Theorem in the Shulba Sutra to convert a rectangle to a square of equal area.

text: Pythagorean triples[edit]

text: Apastamba's rules for building right angles in altars use the following Pythagorean triples:[2][8]

text:
(
3
,
4
,
5
)

{\displaystyle (3,4,5)}

(
5
,
12
,
13
)

{\displaystyle (5,12,13)}

(
8
,
15
,
17
)

{\displaystyle (8,15,17)}

(
12
,
35
,
37
)

{\displaystyle (12,35,37)}

text: The same triples are easily derived from an old Babylonian rule, which makes Mesopotamian influence on the sutras likely.[2]

text: Geometry[edit]

text:
Part of a series of articles on the

mathematical constant π

Uses

Area of a circle
Circumference
Use in other formulae

Properties

Irrationality
Transcendence

Value

Less than 22/7
Approximations
Memorization

People

Archimedes
Liu Hui
Zu Chongzhi
Aryabhata
Madhava
Ludolph van Ceulen
Seki Takakazu
Takebe Kenko
William Jones
John Machin
William Shanks
John Wrench
Chudnovsky brothers
Yasumasa Kanada

History

Chronology
Book

In culture

Legislation
Holiday

Related topics

Squaring the circle
Basel problem
Six nines in π
Other topics related to π

v
t
e

text: The Baudhayana Shulba sutra gives the construction of geometric shapes such as squares and rectangles.[9] It also gives, sometimes approximate, geometric area-preserving transformations from one geometric shape to another. These include transforming a square into a rectangle, an isosceles trapezium, an isosceles triangle, a rhombus, and a circle, and transforming a circle into a square.[9] In these texts approximations, such as the transformation of a circle into a square, appear side by side with more accurate statements. As an example, the statement of circling the square is given in Baudhayana as:

text: 2.9. If it is desired to transform a square into a circle, [a cord of length] half the diagonal [of the square] is stretched from the centre to the east [a part of it lying outside the eastern side of the square]; with one-third [of the part lying outside] added to the remainder [of the half diagonal], the [required] circle is drawn.[10]

text: and the statement of squaring the circle is given as:

text:
2.10. To transform a circle into a square, the diameter is divided into eight parts; one [such] part after being divided into twenty-nine parts is reduced by twenty-eight of them and further by the sixth [of the part left] less the eighth [of the sixth part].
2.11. Alternatively, divide [the diameter] into fifteen parts and reduce it by two of them; this gives the approximate side of the square [desired].[10]

text: The constructions in 2.9 and 2.10 give a value of π as 3.088, while the construction in 2.11 gives π as 3.004.[11]

text: Square roots[edit]

text: Altar construction also led to an estimation of the square root of 2 as found in three of the sutras. In the Baudhayana sutra it appears as:

text: 2.12. The measure is to be increased by its third and this [third] again by its own fourth less the thirty-fourth part [of that fourth]; this is [the value of] the diagonal of a square [whose side is the measure].[10]

text: which leads to the value of the square root of two as being:

text:
2

≈
1
+

1
3

+

1

3
⋅
4

−

1

3
⋅
4
⋅
34

=

577
408

=
1.4142...

{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}\approx 1+{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{3\cdot 4}}-{\frac {1}{3\cdot 4\cdot 34}}={\frac {577}{408}}=1.4142...}

[11][12]

text: One conjecture about how such an approximation was obtained is that it was taken by the formula:

text: which is an approximation that follows a rule given by the twelfth century Muslim mathematician Al-Hassar.[12] The result is correct to 5 decimal places.

text: This formula is also similar in structure to the formula found on a Mesopotamian tablet[13] from the Old Babylonian period (1900-1600 BCE):[14]

text:
which expresses

2

{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}

 in the sexagesimal system, and which too is accurate up to 5 decimal places (after rounding).

text:
Indeed, an early method for calculating square roots can be found in some Sutras, the method involves the recursive formula:

x

≈

x
−
1

+

1

2
⋅

x
−
1

{\displaystyle {\sqrt {x}}\approx {\sqrt {x-1}}+{\frac {1}{2\cdot {\sqrt {x-1}}}}}

 for large values of x, which bases itself on the non-recursive identity

a

2

+
r

≈
a
+

r

2
⋅
a

{\displaystyle {\sqrt {a^{2}+r}}\approx a+{\frac {r}{2\cdot a}}}

 for values of r extremely small relative to a.

text: Numerals[edit]

text: Before the period of the Sulbasutras was at an end, the Brahmi numerals had definitely begun to appear (c. 300BCE) and the similarity with modern-day numerals is clear to see. More importantly even still was the development of the concept of decimal place value.[citation needed] Certain rules given by the famous Indian grammarian Pāṇini (c. 500 BCE) add a zero suffix (a suffix with no phonemes in it) to a base to form words, and this can be said somehow to imply the concept of the mathematical zero.

text: Incommensurables[edit]

text: It has also been suggested the sutras contain the concept of incommensurability.[15]

text: Further reading[edit]

text:
Seidenberg, A. 1983. "The Geometry of the Vedic Rituals." In The Vedic Ritual of the Fire Altar. Ed. Frits Staal. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press.
Sen, S.N., and A.K. Bag. 1983. The Sulbasutras. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy.


document_title: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again

question_text: where was momma mia here we go again filmed

text: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again

text: Plot[edit]

text: Sophie Sheridan is preparing for the grand reopening of her mother Donna's hotel, following Donna's death a year earlier. She is upset because two of her fathers, Harry and Bill, are unable to make it to the reopening and she is having trouble in her relationship with Sky, who is in New York, over her memorializing her mother’s life.

text: In 1979, a young Donna is getting ready to travel the world. While in Paris, she meets and parties with Harry. She later misses her boat to Kalokairi but is offered a ride by Bill, and along the way, they are able to help a stranded fisherman, Alexio, make it in time to stop the love of his life from marrying another. Unbeknownst to Donna, Harry has followed her to Greece; but he arrived too late, and sadly watches the boat sailing off in the distance.

text: In the present, Tanya and Rosie arrive to support Sophie with the reopening and it’s revealed that Rosie and Bill have split up. Sophie then visits Sam, who is still grieving over the death of Donna. Back in the past, Donna arrives on the island and while exploring the farmhouse, a sudden storm causes her to discover a spooked horse in the basement. She goes in search of help only to find a young Sam riding his motorcycle and he helps her to save the horse. Back in the present, a storm has caused serious disruption to Sophie’s plans for the grand reopening and prevented media coverage of the event.

text: Back in the past, Donna and Sam are enjoying a whirlwind romance that ends when Donna discovers a picture of Sam’s fiancée in his drawer. A devastated Donna demands that Sam leave the island. In the present, Sam tells Sophie about her value to her mother. Meanwhile, Harry leaves his business deal in Tokyo to support Sophie, and separately Bill gets the same idea. Bill and Harry meet at the docks but are told there are no boats. However, Bill meets the fisherman Alexio and thereby secures boat passage for himself, Harry as well as the newly arrived Sky.

text: In the past, a depressed Donna is heartbroken over Sam but is able to channel her anger into singing with Tanya and Rosie. She meets Bill again and they go out on his boat; while they are gone, Sam returns, having recently ended his engagement for Donna, but is saddened to hear that she is with another man and leaves the island again. Donna discovers she is pregnant but has no idea which one of her three recent lovers is the father. Sofia, the mother of the owner of the bar where Donna and the Dynamos performed, overhears Donna’s wish to stay on the island and offers to let Donna live at her farmhouse and Donna happily accepts. It is there that she eventually gives birth to Sophie.

text: Back in the present, the guests have arrived at the party and Sophie is reunited with her other two fathers and Sky. Sophie reveals to Sky she is pregnant and has never felt closer to her mother, having now understood what her mother went through. Bill and Rosie reunite over their grief for Donna. Sophie’s estranged grandmother and Donna’s mother, Ruby, arrives despite Sophie deciding not to invite her. She reveals that Sky tracked her down in New York and she wants to build a real relationship with Sophie. Sophie then performs a song with Tanya and Rosie in honor of her mother, with her grandmother tearfully telling her afterward how proud she is of her. It is then revealed that the manager of the hotel, Fernando, is Ruby’s ex-lover from 1959 in Mexico, and the two are joyously reunited.

text: Nine months later, Sophie has given birth to a baby boy and everyone has gathered for his christening where Tanya flirts with Fernando’s brother. The ceremony takes place with Donna’s spirit watching over her daughter with pride. All the characters, including Donna and the younger cast, sing "Super Trouper" at a huge party at Hotel Bella Donna.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Amanda Seyfried as Sophie Sheridan, Donna’s 25-year-old daughter.
Meryl Streep as Donna Sheridan, Sophie’s late mother, and wife to Sam.
Lily James as Young Donna, founder of Donna and the Dynamos.
Dominic Cooper as Sky, Sophie’s partner.
Christine Baranski as Tanya Chesham-Leigh, one of Donna’s best friends and former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; a rich three-time divorcee.
Jessica Keenan Wynn as Young Tanya
Julie Walters as Rosie Mulligan, one of Donna’s best friends and former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; an unmarried fun-loving author.
Alexa Davies as Young Rosie
Pierce Brosnan as Sam Carmichael, an Irish-American architect, and widower of Donna.
Jeremy Irvine as Young Sam
Colin Firth as Harry Bright, a British businessman.
Hugh Skinner as Young Harry
Stellan Skarsgård as Bill Anderson, a Swedish sailor and travel writer, Sofia's great-nephew and as Kurt Anderson, Bill's obese brother.
Josh Dylan as Young Bill
Cher as Ruby Sheridan, Donna’s mother, and Sophie’s grandmother.
Andy García as Fernando Cienfuegos, the manager of the Hotel Bella Donna, an old Mexican lover of Ruby’s and implied to be Donna's father. According to Garcia. “There’s also the interesting anecdote that it’s possible that I may have been the father to Meryl and Lily.” [6]
Omid Djalili as a Greek customs officer
Celia Imrie as Vice-Chancellor
Maria Vacratsis as Sofia, and a local who owns the bar and shack which eventually becomes Donna's home and Bill's great aunt.
Panos Mouzourakis as Lazaros, Sofia's son whose band plays at the bar.
Gerard Monaco as Alexio
Anna Antoniades as Apollonia

text: Cameo appearances

text:
Björn Ulvaeus as an Oxford professor
Benny Andersson as "Waterloo" piano player
Jonathan Goldsmith as Rafael Cienfuegos, Fernando's brother

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: A soundtrack album was released on July 13, 2018 by Capitol and Polydor Records in the United States and internationally, respectively.[7][8] The album was produced by Benny Andersson, who also served as the album's executive producer alongside Björn Ulvaeus and  Judy Craymer. Each song is featured within the film, with the exception of "I Wonder (Departure)" and "The Day Before You Came".

text:
"When I Kissed the Teacher" – Young Donna and the Dynamos, Vice-Chancellor
"I Wonder (Departure)" – Young Donna and the Dynamos†
"One of Us" – Sophie, Sky
"Waterloo" – Young Harry, Young Donna
"Why Did It Have to Be Me?" – Young Bill, Young Donna, Young Harry
"I Have a Dream" – Young Donna
"Kisses of Fire" – Lazaros
"Andante, Andante" – Young Donna
"The Name of the Game" – Young Donna
"Knowing Me, Knowing You" – Young Donna, Young Sam
"Mamma Mia" – Young Donna and the Dynamos
"Angel Eyes" – Rosie, Tanya, Sophie
"Dancing Queen" – Sophie, Rosie, Tanya, Sam, Bill, Harry
"I've Been Waiting for You" – Sophie, Rosie, Tanya
"Fernando" – Ruby, Fernando
"My Love, My Life" – Young Donna, Donna, Sophie
"Super Trouper" – Ruby, Donna, Rosie, Tanya, Sophie, Sky, Sam, Bill, Harry, Fernando, Young Donna, Young Rosie, Young Tanya, Young Bill, Young Sam, Young Harry
"The Day Before You Came" – Donna†

text: † Songs featured on the soundtrack album but omitted from the film.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Due to Mamma Mia!'s financial success, Hollywood studio chief David Linde, co-chairman of Universal Pictures, told the Daily Mail that it would take a while, but there could be a sequel. He stated that he would be delighted if Judy Craymer, Catherine Johnson, Phyllida Lloyd, Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus agreed to the project, noting that there are still many ABBA songs to make use of.[9]

text: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again was announced on May 19, 2017, with a release date of July 20, 2018.[10] It was written and directed by Ol Parker.[11] On September 27, 2017, Benny Andersson confirmed 3 ABBA songs that would be featured in the film: "When I Kissed the Teacher," "I Wonder (Departure)," and "Angeleyes."[12] “I Wonder (Departure)” was cut from the film, but is included on the soundtrack album.

text: Casting[edit]

text: On June 1, 2017, it was announced that Seyfried would return as Sophie.[13] Later that month, Dominic Cooper confirmed that he would return for the sequel, along with Streep, Firth and Brosnan as Sky, Donna, Harry, and Sam, respectively.[14] In July 2017, Baranski was also confirmed to return as Tanya.[15] On July 12, 2017, Lily James was cast to play the role of young Donna.[16] On August 3, 2017, Jeremy Irvine and Alexa Davies were also cast in the film, with Irvine playing Brosnan's character Sam in a past era, and Hugh Skinner to play Young Harry,  Davies as a young Rosie, played by Julie Walters.[17] On August 16, 2017, it was announced that Jessica Keenan Wynn had been cast as a young Tanya, who is played by Baranski.[18] Julie Walters and Stellan Skarsgård also reprised their roles as Rosie and Bill, respectively.[19] On October 16, 2017, it was announced that singer and actress Cher had joined the cast, in her first on-screen film role since 2010,[20] and her first film with Streep since Silkwood.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on August 12, 2017 in Croatia, including the island of Vis.[21][22][23][24][21] In October 2017, the cast gathered at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, to film song and dance numbers with Cher.[20] Filming wrapped on December 2, 2017.[25]

text: Release[edit]

text: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again was released on July 20, 2018 by Universal Pictures, in the UK, US and other selected countries in both standard and IMAX formats.[26][3] The film premiered on July 16, 2018 at the Hammersmith Apollo in London.[27]

text: Marketing[edit]

text:
The first trailer for the film was released on December 21, 2017, in front of Pitch Perfect 3, another Universal Pictures film. Cher performed "Fernando" at the Las Vegas CinemaCon on April 25, 2018, after footage of the film was shown.[citation needed]
Universal sponsored YouTube stars the Merrell Twins to perform a cover version of the song Mamma Mia to promote the film.[28]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of  August 12, 2018[update], Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again has grossed $103.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $177 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $280.8 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[2]

text: In June 2018, three weeks prior to its release, official industry tracking had the film debuting to $27–33 million,[29] which increased to as much as $36 million by the week of its release.[30] It made $14.3 million on its first day, including $3.4 million from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $35 million, finishing second, behind fellow newcomer The Equalizer 2 ($36 million), and besting the opening of the first film ($27.8 million) by over 24%.[28][31] It fell 57% to $15.1 million in its second weekend, finishing second behind newcomer Mission: Impossible – Fallout.[32][33] In its third weekend the film grossed $9 million, dropping to fourth place, and $5.8 million in its fourth weekend, finishing seventh.[34][35]

text: In the United Kingdom, the film grossed $12.7 million in its opening weekend, topping the box office and achieving the fourth biggest opening for a film in 2018.[36] In its second weekend of international release, the film made $26.6 million (for a running total of $98.6 million). Its largest new markets were France ($1.7 million), Poland ($1.3 million), Switzerland ($223,000) and Croatia ($151,000), while its best holdovers were Australia ($9.5 million), the UK ($8.6 million) and Germany ($8.2 million).[37]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 80% based on 194 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again doubles down on just about everything fans loved about the original—and my my, how can fans resist it?"[39] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on 46 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[40] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, the same score as its predecessor, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 83% overall positive score.[28]

text: Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian termed the sequel as "weirdly irresistible" and gave it three out of five stars. He described his reaction to the first film as "a combination of hives and bubonic plague," but concedes that this time, the relentlessness and greater self-aware comedy made him smile. He concludes: "More enjoyable than I thought. But please. Enough now."[41] Mark Kermode of The Observer gave the film five stars and commented, "This slick sequel delivers sharp one-liners, joyously contrived plot twists and an emotional punch that left our critic reeling."[42] Joy Watson from Exclaim! thoroughly enjoyed the movie, saying, "With multitalented writer and director Ol Parker at the helm, and perhaps more importantly, Richard Curtis (king of the British rom-com) behind the scenes to balance out the cheesiness, Here We Go Again builds giddy energy and tension throughout until Cher arrives in a helicopter to blow the whole thing sky high with an ode to "Fernando." Pure bliss."[43]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded the film two and a half stars out of five, noting the absence of Streep for the majority of the film hindered his enjoyment, and saying, "her absence is deeply felt since the three-time Oscar winner sang and danced her heart out as Donna Sheridan".[44] Lindsay Bahr of Associated Press awarded the film three out of four stars, calling it "wholly ridiculous", but complimenting its self-awareness. She also praised James' performance and singing talent.[45] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the sequel a mixed review, awarding it two stars out of four, criticizing the reprises of "Dancing Queen" and "Super Trouper" as uninspired, and feeling that some of the musical numbers dragged the pacing. He considered the younger counterparts to the main characters "energetic" and "likeable."[46] Stephanie Zacharek of Time gave the film a mixed review, writing "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again is atrocious. And wonderful. It's all the reasons you should never go to the movies. And all the reasons you should race to get a ticket."[47]


document_title: Demographics of the European Union

question_text: which country in europe has the highest birth rate

text: Demographics of the European Union

text: Population by country[edit]

text: The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth-rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.

text:
Population and total area of the 28 member states of the European Union
(1 January 2017 estimate[2])

Member State
Population
Percent
of total EU pop.
Total area
km2
Percent
of total EU area
Pop. density
People/km2

 EU
511,522,671
100.00%
4,324,782
100.00
118.3

 Austria
8,772,865
1.72%
83,858
1.9
104.6

 Belgium
11,351,727
2.22%
30,510
0.7
372.1

 Bulgaria
7,101,859
1.39%
110,912
2.5
64.0

 Croatia
4,154,213
0.81%
56,594
1.3
73.4

 Cyprus
854,802
0.17%
9,250
0.2
92.4

 Czech Republic
10,578,820
2.07%
78,866
1.8
134.1

 Denmark
5,748,769
1.12%
43,094
1.0
133.4

 Estonia
1,315,635
0.26%
45,226
1.0
29.1

 Finland
5,503,297
1.08%
337,030
7.6
16.3

 France
67 186 638
13.10%
643,548
14.6
104.1

 Germany
82,521,653
16.13%
357,021
8.1
231.1

 Greece
10,768,193
2.11%
131,957
3.0
81.6

 Hungary
9,797,561
1.92%
93,030
2.1
105.3

 Ireland
4,784,383
0.94%
70,280
1.6
68.1

 Italy
60,589,445
11.84%
301,320
6.8
201.1

 Latvia
1,950,116
0.38%
64,589
1.5
30.2

 Lithuania
2,847,904
0.56%
65,200
1.5
43.7

 Luxembourg
590,667
0.12%
2,586
0.1
228.4

 Malta
460,297
0.09%
316
0.0
1,456.6

 Netherlands
17,081,507
3.34%
41,526
0.9
411.3

 Poland
37,972,964
7.42%
312,685
7.1
121.4

 Portugal
10,309,573
2.02%
92,931
2.0
110.9

 Romania
19,644,350
3.84%
238,391
5.4
82.4

 Slovakia
5,435,343
1.06%
48,845
1.1
111.3

 Slovenia
2,065,895
0.40%
20,253
0.5
102.0

 Spain
46,528,966
9.09%
504,782
11.4
92.2

 Sweden
9,995,153
1.95%
449,964
10.2
22.2

 United Kingdom
65,808,573
12.86%
244,820
5.5
268.8

text: Most populous areas[edit]

text: The European Union has a significant number of global cities. It contains 13 of the 60 cities which compose the 2008 Global Cities Index,[3] as well as 16 of the 41 "alpha" global cities classified by Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network (including London, Paris, Milan, Amsterdam and Brussels among others).[4] The following is a list of the ten most populous cities, urban areas and urban zones in the European Union, with their population:

text:
City proper
(2011)

mill.
Urban area
(2005)

mill.
LUZ
(2001)

mill.

 London
7.5
 Paris
10.2
 London
12.0

 Berlin
3.6
 London
8.6
 Paris
11.6

 Madrid
3.1
 Ruhr Area
7.3
 Randstad
7.1

 Rome
2.7
 Madrid
5.4
 Madrid
5.6
London
Berlin
Madrid
Rome

 Paris
2.2
 Milan
4.3
 Ruhr Area
5.4

 Hamburg
1.8
 Athens
3.8
 Berlin
5.0

 Budapest
1.7
 Berlin
3.7
 Athens
4.0

 Vienna
1.7
 Naples
3.0
 Rome
3.5

 Warsaw
1.7
 Rome
2.7
 Hamburg
3.1
Paris
Bucharest
Hamburg
Budapest

text: Population shifts[edit]

text:
Country

Population
(2016)[2]

Population growth
(‰) (2015)[5]

Natural change
(‰) (2015)[6]

Net migration
(‰) (2015)[7]

Total fertility rate
(2015)[8]

 European Union
510,056,011
3.5
-0.3
3.7
1.58

 Germany
82,162,000
11.8
-2.3
14.1
1.50

 France
66,759,950
3.7
3.0
0.7
1.96

 United Kingdom
65,341,183
8.8
2.7
6.1
1.80

 Italy
60,665,551
-2.1
-2.7
0.5
1.35

 Spain
46,438,422
-0.2
-0.1
-0.2
1.33

 Poland
37,967,209
-1.0
-0.7
-0.3
1.32

 Romania
17,759,968
-5.6
-3.8
-1.8
1.58

 Netherlands
16,979,120
4.6
1.4
3.3
1.66

 Belgium
11,289,853
7.2
1.0
6.1
1.70

 Greece
10,793,526
-6.0
-2.7
-3.3
1.33

 Czech Republic
10,553,843
1.5
0.0
1.5
1.57

 Portugal
10,341,330
-3.2
-2.2
-1.0
1.31

 Sweden
9,851,017
10.6
2.4
8.1
1.85

 Hungary
9,830,485
-2.5
-4.0
1.5
1.45

 Austria
8,700,471
14.4
0.2
14.2
1.49

 Bulgaria
7,153,784
-6.7
-6.2
-0.6
1.53

 Denmark
5,707,251
8.4
1.0
7.4
1.71

 Finland
5,487,308
2.8
0.5
2.3
1.65

 Slovakia
5,426,252
0.9
0.3
0.6
1.40

 Ireland
4,658,530
6.4
7.7
-1.4
1.92

 Croatia
4,190,669
-8.2
-4.0
-4.3
1.40

 Lithuania
2,888,558
-11.3
-3.5
-7.7
1.70

 Slovenia
2,064,188
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.57

 Latvia
1,968,957
-8.7
-3.3
-5.4
1.70

 Estonia
1,315,944
2.0
-1.0
3.0
1.58

 Cyprus
848,319
1.5
3.9
-2.4
1.32

 Luxembourg
576,249
23.3
3.7
19.6
1.47

 Malta
434,403
11.7
2.0
9.7
1.45

Country

Population

Population growth

Natural change

Net migration

Total fertility rate

text: Migration[edit]

text: The movement of people within the Union i.e. internal migration, remains limited; it has traditionally followed two patterns:

text:
Younger workers from less economically developed regions and countries of the EU tend to move to more prosperous regions in their country or to EU countries with good economic prospects (i.e. UK, Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Poland[9])
Retirees from wealthier places with colder weather (i.e. Benelux, Britain and Germany) tend to move to the sun belt in southern Europe - i.e. Spain, Portugal, Southern France, Italian peninsula and Greece.

text: Citizens from the European Union make up a growing proportion of immigrants in Spain. They mainly come from countries like the UK and Germany, but the British migration case is of particular interest due to its magnitude. The British authorities estimate that the real population of British citizens living in Spain is much higher than Spanish official figures suggest, establishing them at about 1,000,000 and about 800,000 being permanent residents.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

text: Immigration and emigration[edit]

text: At present, more people immigrate into the European Union than emigrate from it. Immigration is a controversial issue in many member states, including Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, France, and the UK.[citation needed]

text: In 2010, 47.3 million people living in the EU, or 9.4% of the total population, had been born outside their resident country. Of these, 31.4 million (6.3%) had been born outside the EU; 16.0 million (3.2%) had been born in another member state. The largest absolute numbers of people born outside the EU were in Germany (6.4 million), France (5.1 million), the United Kingdom (4.7 million), Spain (4.1 million), Italy (3.2 million), and the Netherlands (1.4 million).[17]

text: Spain in particular receives most of the immigrants coming illegally to Europe from Africa, probably due to its large coastal area and its proximity to and land borders with Morocco at Ceuta and Melilla; African immigrants try to enter the country by boat from Morocco or Senegal or by jumping the border fences. For example, during just the first weekend of September 2006, more than 1,300 illegal immigrants arrived on beaches in the Canary Islands[18] and estimates are that between 50,000 and 70,000 people enter the European Union illegally through Spanish borders or beaches. Border fences have been built at both the Ceuta and Melilla borders in an attempt to stop illegal entrance to the country. Illegal immigration is an issue in Spanish politics, and also a big human rights problem, since many people die during the journey. Spain has been Europe's largest absorber of migrants for the past six years, with its immigrant population increasing fourfold as 2.8 million people have arrived, mostly from Latin America. Spectacular growth in Spain's immigrant population came as the country's economy created more than half of all the new jobs in the European Union between 2001 and 2006.[19]

text: The net migration rate for the EU in 2008 was 3.1 per 1,000 inhabitants;[20] this figure is for migration into and out of the European Union, and therefore excludes any internal movements between member states. Annual net migration has varied from 1.5 to 2.0 million people since 2003.[20]

text:
Country
Total population 2010 (1000)
Total Foreign-born (1000)
%
Born in other EU state (1000)
%
Born in a non EU state (1000)
%[21]

 EU
501,098
47,348
9.4
15,980
3.2
31,368
6.3

 Germany
81,802
9,812
12.0
3,396
4.2
6,415
7.8

 France
64,716
7,196
11.1
2,118
3.3
5,078
7.8

 United Kingdom
62,008
7,012
11.3
2,245
3.6
4,767
8.1

 Spain
45,989
6,422
14.0
2,328
5.1
4,094
8.9

 Italy
60,340
4,798
8.0
1,592
2.6
3,205
6.5

 Netherlands
16,575
1,832
11.1
428
2.6
1,404
8.5

 Greece
11,305
1,256
11.1
315
2.8
940
8.3

 Sweden
9,340
1,337
14.3
477
5.1
859
10.2

 Austria
8,367
1,276
15.2
512
6.1
764
9.1

 Belgium
10,666
1,380
12.9
695
6.5
927.6
7.3

 Portugal
10,637
793
7.5
191
1.8
602
5.7

 Denmark
5,534
500
9.0
152
2.8
348
6.3

text: Religion[edit]

text: The EU has significant religious diversity, mirroring its diverse history and culture. The largest religious group professes Christianity and accounts for 72% of the EU population,[22] predominantly Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Several EU nations do not have a Christian majority and for example in Estonia and the Czech Republic the majority have no religious affiliation.

text: Today, theism is losing prevalence in Europe in favour of atheism and agnosticism, and religion is losing prevalence in favour of secularism. European countries have experienced a decline in church attendance as well as a decline in the number of people professing a religious belief. The 2005 Eurobarometer Poll found that, on average, 52% of the citizens of EU Member States state that they believe there is a God, 27% believe there is some sort of spirit or life force and 18% don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force. 3% declined to answer.

text: A decrease in church membership and church attendance in Europe (especially in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Sweden) has been noted and church attendance (percentage wise of the total population by country) in northern and western Europe is typically in the single digits.

text: The recent influx of immigrants to the affluent EU nations has brought in various religions of their native homelands, including Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and the Bahá'í Faith. Judaism has had a long history in Europe and has coexisted with the other religions for centuries, despite periods of persecution or genocide by European rulers. Islam too has had a long history in Europe, with Spain and Portugal at one time having a Muslim majority.[23] Large Muslim populations also exist in the Balkans and parts of Eastern Europe, due to a legacy of centuries of Ottoman rule.

text: Language[edit]

text: The first official languages of each of the 28 Member Countries has the status of an official language of the European Union. In total there are 24, with Irish, Bulgarian and Romanian gaining official language status on 1 January 2007, when the last two countries joined the European Union, and Croatian becoming official in 2013.

text: English is the most spoken language in the EU, being spoken by around 51% of its population. This high proportion is because 38% of EU citizens speak it as a language other than their mother tongue (i.e. second or foreign language). German is the most spoken first language, spoken by more than 18% of the population.

text: Demographic future[edit]

text: The EU faces challenges in its demographic future. Most concerns center around several related issues: an ageing population, growing life expectancy and immigrant flow.

text: After hitting a historical low of 1.47 children born per female, the total fertility rate of the EU started to increase again, to reach a level of 1.60 in 2008.[24] The positive trend was observed in all member states with the exception of Luxembourg, Malta and Portugal. The largest increases over this period were observed in Bulgaria (from 1.23 children per woman in 2003 to 1.57 in 2009), Slovenia (from 1.20 to 1.53), the Czech Republic (from 1.18 to 1.49) and Lithuania (from 1.26 to 1.55).[24] In 2009, the Member States with the highest fertility rates were Ireland (2.06), France (2.00), Sweden (1.94), and the United Kingdom (1.90), all approaching the replacement level of 2.1 children born per female.[24] The lowest rates were observed in Latvia (1.31), Hungary and Portugal (both 1.32) and Germany (1.36). The increasing fertility rate has also been accompanied by an upward trend in the natural increase of the population which is due to the moderate increase of the crude birth rate that reached 10.9 births per 1000 inhabitants in 2008, an increase of 0.3 compared with 2007. The increase was observed in all member countries except Germany. The EU crude death rate remained stable at 9.7 per 1000 inhabitants.[20] The relatively low fertility rate means retirement age workers are not entirely replaced by younger workers joining the workforce. The EU faces a potential future dominated by an ever-increasing population of retired citizens, without enough younger workers to fund (via taxes) retirement programs or other state welfare agendas.[25]

text: A low fertility rate, without supplement from immigration, also suggests a declining overall EU population,[26] which further suggests economic contraction or even a possible economic crisis.[27] Some media have noted the 'baby crisis' in the EU,[28] some governments have noted the problem,[29] and the UN and other multinational authorities have warned of a possible crisis.[30] At this point however such a decrease in the population of the EU is not observed as the overall natural growth remains positive and the EU continues to attract large numbers of immigrants. In 2010, a breakdown of the population by citizenship showed that there were 20.1 million foreign citizens living in the EU representing 4% of the population.[24]

text: Over the last 50 years, life expectancy at birth in the EU27 has increased by around 10 years for both women and men, to reach 82.4 years for women and 76.4 years for men in 2008. The life expectancy at birth rose in all Member States, with the largest increases for both women and men recorded in Estonia and Slovenia.[24]

text: Population projections[edit]

text: In 2017, Eurostat released yearly projections up to 2080.

text: The table figures below are in thousands.[31]

text:
Country

Population 2015

Population 2040

Percent change

Population 2080

Percent change

 Austria
8,576
10,087
17.6%
10,072
17.4%

 Belgium
11,208
12,844
14.6%
14,189
26.6%

 Bulgaria
7,202
5,933
-17.6%
4,593
-36.2%

 Cyprus
847
954
12.6%
1,004
18.5%

 Czech Republic
10,538
10,552
0.1%
9,777
-7.2%

 Denmark
5,659
6,564
16.0%
6,858
21.2%

 Estonia
1,313
1,283
-2.3%
1,140
-13.2%

 Finland
5,471
5,722
4.6%
5,577
1.9%

 France
66,415
72,915
9.8%
78,688
18.5%

 Germany
81,197
84,133
3.6%
77,793
-4.2%

 Greece
10,858
9,419
-13.3%
7,264
-33.1%

 Hungary
9,855
9,471
-3.9%
8,691
-11.8%

 Ireland
4,628
5,396
16.6%
6,220
34.4%

 Italy
60,795
59,982
-1.3%
53,784
-11.5%

 Latvia
1,986
1,598
-19.5%
1,284
-35.3%

 Lithuania
2,921
2,128
-27.1%
1,658
-43.2%

 Luxembourg
562
860
53.0%
1,066
89.7%

 Malta
429
505
17.7%
517
20.5%

 Netherlands
16,900
19,035
12.6%
19,728
16.7%

 Poland
38,005
35,840
-5.7%
29,044
-23.6%

 Portugal
10,374
9,553
-7.9%
7,579
-26.9%

 Romania
17,870
15,069
-14.1%
12,530
-29.9%

 Slovakia
5,421
5,373
-0.9%
4,714
-13.0%

 Slovenia
2,062
2,066
0.2%
1,938
-6.0%

 Spain
46,449
48,244
3.9%
50,988
9.8%

 Sweden
9,747
11,994
23.1%
14,388
47.6%

 United Kingdom
64,875
75,004
15.6%
82,424
27.1%

 European Union
508,401
528,357
3.9%
518,798
2.0%

text: Ethnic composition[edit]

text: There is no precise or universally accepted definition of the terms "ethnic group" or "nationality". In the context of European ethnography in particular, the terms ethnic group, people (without nation state), nationality, national minority, ethnic minority, linguistic community, linguistic group and linguistic minority are used as mostly synonymous, although preference may vary in usage with respect to the situation specific to the individual countries of Europe.[32]

text: The largest groups that account for about 450 million people in the European Union are:

text:
Germany 82 million
France 66 million [33]
United Kingdom 65 million (includes English 48 million, Scots 5 million, Welsh 3 million and Northern Irish 1.7 million)[a][34]
Italy 60 million
Spain 46 million
Poland 39 million
Romania 17.5 million (not counting Moldovans and Aromanians)
The Netherlands 17 million
Hungary 12.1 million (includes Hungarians from Romania 1.3 million, Slovakia 570.000, Austria 60.000, Slovenia 20.000, Croatia 20.000)
Greece 11 million
Czech Republic 10.5 million

text: The rest are various smaller ethnic groups include Portugal(c. 10.8 million), Swedes (c. 10 million), Austrians (c. 8.7 million), Bulgarians (c. 7.1 million), Flemish, Croats, Slovaks, Silesians, Danes, Finns, Irish, Walloons, Lithuanians, Slovenes, Latvians, Estonians, Russians, Maltese, Moravians, Frisians and Basques.

text: On current trends European populations will become more ethnically diverse, with the possibility that today's majority ethnic groups will no longer comprise a numerical majority in some countries.[35]

text: In 2011, almost a quarter of new EU citizens were Moroccans, Turks, Ecuadorian or Indians. The new citizens in the EU27 in 2011 came mainly from Africa (26% of the total number of citizenships acquired), Asia (23%), non-EU27 Europe (19%), North and South America (17%) or another EU27 Member State (11%). In 2011, the largest groups that acquired citizenship of an EU27 Member State were citizens of Morocco (64 300 persons, of which 55% acquired citizenship of France or Spain), Turkey (48 900, 58% acquired German citizenship), Ecuador (33 700, 95% acquired Spanish citizenship) and India (31 700, 83% acquired British citizenship).[36]

text: In 2012, 34.3 million foreign citizens lived in the 27 European Union member states, accounting for 6.8% of the European Union population,[37] of whom 20.5 million were third country nationals (i.e. nationals of non-EU countries). The number of foreign-born (which includes those who have naturalised or are dual nationals) was 48.9 million or 9.7 per cent of the total population.[38]

text: A total of 8.0 million citizens from European countries outside of the EU-27 were residing in the EU at the beginning of 2012; among these more than half were citizens of Turkey, Albania or Ukraine. The next biggest group was from Africa (24.5%), followed by Asia (22.0%), the Americas (14.2%) and Oceania (0.8%). Romanians (living in another EU Member State) and Turkish citizens made up the biggest groups of non-nationals living in the EU-27 in 2012. There were 4.4 million Romanian citizens living outside of Romania within the EU-27 and 2.3 million Turkish citizens living in the EU-27; each of these two groups of people accounted for 7.0% of all foreigners living in the EU-27 in 2012. The third largest group was Moroccans (1.9 million people, or 5.6% of all foreigners).[39]

text: Approximately 20 million non-Europeans live in the EU, 4% of the overall population.[40]

text: Miscellaneous statistics[edit]

text: Age structure: (2006 est.)

text:
0–14 years: 16.03% (male 37,608,010/female 35,632,351)
15–64 years: 67.17% (male 154,439,536/female 152,479,619)
65 years and over: 16.81% (male 31,515,921/female 45,277,821)

text: Birth rate: 10.9 births/1,000 population (2008)[41]

text: Death rate: 9.7 deaths/1,000 population (2008)[41]

text: Net migration rate: 3.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008)[41]

text: Marriage rate: 4.9 marriages/1,000 population (2007)[42]

text: Divorce rate: 2.0 divorces/1,000 population (2005)[43]

text: Sex ratio: (2006 est.)

text:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and older: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female

text: Infant mortality rate: (2005)[43]

text:
total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: N/A
female: N/A

text: Life expectancy: (2005)[43]

text:
total population: 78.9 years
male: 75.8 years
female: 81.9 years

text: Total fertility rate: 1.59 children born/woman 2009[44]

text: Live Births outside marriage: 40% of total live births in 2012[45]