document_title: List of tallest people

question_text: where did the tallest man in the world live

text: List of tallest people

text: Men

text:
Living
  Deceased
  Height disputed

text:
Country

Metric

Imperial

Name

Note

Lifespan(age at death)

 United States
272 cm
8 ft 11.1 in
Robert Wadlow
Tallest human in recorded history confirmed by Guinness World Records.[1]
1918–1940 (22)

 United States
267 cm
8 ft 9 in
John Rogan
Second tallest male in recorded history. Weighed only 92.5 kg (204 lb). Unable to stand due to ankylosis.
1868–1905 (37)

 United States
263.5 cm
8 ft 7¾in
John F. Carroll
244 cm (8 ft 0 in) standing height, 264 cm (8 ft 7¾ in) assuming normal spinal curvature.
1932–1969 (37)

 Ukraine

257 cm
8 ft 5 in
Leonid Stadnyk
Not officially recognized by Guinness World Records because he refused to be measured according to their standards.[2]

1970–2014 (44)

 Finland
251.4 cm
8 ft 3 in
Väinö Myllyrinne
Recognized as the tallest living person from 1940 to his death in 1963. Measured 251.4 cm tall at his peak.
1909–1963 (54)

 Canada
251 cm
8 ft 3 in
Édouard Beaupré
Tallest strongman as well as tallest wrestler in history. His death certificate described him as being 8 ft 3 in (2.51 m) tall and still growing.
1881–1904 (23)

 Turkey
251 cm
8 ft 2.8 in[3]
Sultan Kösen
The tallest living person since September 17, 2009, as determined by Guinness World Records.[4] He has 36.5-cm-long (1 ft 2 in) feet—the second-largest feet on a living person and 27.5 cm (11.2 in) hands—the longest on a living person.[5]
1982–

 India
249 cm
8 ft 2 in
Vikas Uppal
Was not officially measured by Guinness.
1986–2007  (21)

 United States
249 cm
8 ft 2 in
Don Koehler
Tallest in world for most of the 1970s.
1925–1981 (56)

 United States
249 cm
8 ft 2 in
Bernard Coyne
Coyne's World War I draft registration card, dated 29 August his height as 8 feet, although he had reached a height of 8 feet 2 inches (249 cm) by the time of his death. Possibly reached up to 8 ft 4 in (254 cm).
1897–1921 (24)

 Ireland
246 cm
8 ft 1 in
Patrick Cotter O'Brien
Tallest person recorded at the time and the first in medical history to stand at a verified height of eight feet (244 cm). Remains examined in 1972 and height verified.
1760–1806 (46)

 Morocco
246 cm
8 ft 1 in[6]
Brahim Takioullah
Possesses the world's largest feet at 1 ft 3 in (38 cm).[7]
1982–

 Iran
246 cm
8 ft 1 in
Morteza Mehrzad
Tallest man in Iran.[8] Gold medalist of Iran sitting volleyball national team in Summer Paralympic games Rio 2016
1987–

 Germany
246 cm
8 ft 1 in
Julius Koch
Probably never the world's tallest person due to his life coinciding with that of John Rogan. Skeleton preserved in the Museum of Natural History in Mons, Belgium.
1872–1902 (30)

 Mozambique
246 cm
8 ft 1 in
Gabriel Estêvão Monjane
Guinness World Records listed him as tallest man from 1988 to 1990.
1944–1990 (46)

 India
246 cm
8 ft 1 in
Dharmendra Pratap Singh
Tallest living Indian.[9]
1983–

 Libya
246 cm
8 ft 1 in
Suleiman Ali Nashnush
Libyan who was the tallest basketball player in the world.[citation needed]
1943–1991 (47)

 France
245 cm
8 ft ½ in
Jean-Joseph Brice
Le Géant des Vosges Ramonchamp - France—Height controversy[10]
1835–?

 Germany
244 cm
8 ft 0 in
Anton de Franckenpoint (Langer Anton)
Lived during Thirty Years' War; skeleton later measured at 8 ft 0 in (244 cm).[11][12]
Unknown

 China
242 cm
7 ft 11¼ in
Zhang Juncai
Tallest living Chinese person.
1966–

 Indonesia
242 cm
7 ft 11¼ in
Suparwono
Tallest Indonesian claimed to be 8 ft 10.5 in. Officially measured (lying down and in the standing position) by the Indonesian Record Museum (MURI) in December 2009.[13]
1985–2012 (26)

 Netherlands
242 cm
7 ft 11¼ in
Albert Johan Kramer
Probably the tallest man in The Netherlands ever; His brother-in-law was suffering from dwarfism and did not exceed 69 cm (27.16 in). Together they formed a variety act, with performances around the world.[14]
1897–1976 (79)

 Puerto Rico
241 cm
7 ft 11 in
Felipe Birriel
Tallest Puerto Rican recorded.
1916–1994 (78)

 India
241 cm
7 ft 11 in
Asadulla Khan
Tallest man in India.[15]
1988–

 Soviet Union
240 cm
7 ft 10 in
Alexander Sizonenko
Soviet Union basketball player.[16]
1959–2012 (53)

 Egypt
240 cm
7 ft 10 in
Sa'id Muhammad Ghazi
He was billed as 10 ft in his life.[17]
1909–1941 (32)

 Belarus
239 cm
7 ft 10 in
Feodor Machnow
Billed as 9 ft 3 in his life.
1878–1912 (34)

 Austria-Hungary
238 cm
7 ft 10 in
Grgo Kusić
Tallest Croat recorded. Tallest citizen of Austria-Hungary of his time.[18]
1892–1918 (26)

 Pakistan
238 cm
7 ft 10 in
Naseer Soomro
Tallest confirmed man living in Pakistan.[19][20]
1975–

 Netherlands
238 cm
7 ft 10 in
Rigardus Rijnhout
Second tallest man in The Netherlands ever; he was known as the giant of Rotterdam. Early June 2011, a life-size statue of Rijnhout was unveiled in the Oude Westen district in Rotterdam.[21]
1922–1959 (36)

 Japan
237 cm
7 ft 9.3 in
Yoshimitsu Matsuzaka
Tallest man in Japan; no color images of him exist even though he died in the 1960s.[22]
1930–1962 (32)

 Mongolia
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Öndör Gongor
Very tall man in early-20th-century Mongolia. Some other sources even give 245 cm (8 feet)
1880/85 – 1925/30

 United States
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Louis Moilanen
Tallest person in Michigan history and one of the tallest men in the world during his lifetime. He may have been 8 ft 1 in tall.[23]
1885–1913 (28)

 United Kingdom
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Angus MacAskill
Tallest "true" giant (not due to a pathological condition). Tallest Scottish or British man recorded.
1825–1863 (38)

 United Kingdom
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Frederick Kempster
Tall Englishman, height disputed between 7 ft 8.5in and 8 ft 4.5in[24]
1889–1918 (29)

 United States
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Martin Van Buren Bates
Known as the Kentucky Giant or The Giant of the Hills.[25] He and Anna Haining Bates were the tallest married couple ever.[26]
1837–1919

 China
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Bao Xishun
Considered the tallest living person by Guinness World Records until September 2009 when he was replaced by Sultan Kösen.[27]
1951–

 China
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Sun Mingming
Chinese basketball player. Formerly second-tallest living person.
1983–

 Tunisia
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Radhouane Charbib
Listed by Guinness World Records as tallest man until January 15, 2005, before Bao Xishun and Sun Mingming.[28]
1968–

 Germany
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Walter Straub
Tallest man in Germany while he was alive.[29]

1925–1986 (61)

 Algeria
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Rachid Bara
Tallest man in Algeria while he was alive.[30]

1974–2009 (35)

 Brazil
235 cm
7 ft 8½ in
Rafael França do Nascimento
Tallest man in Brazil.[31]
1987–

 Russia
235 cm
7 ft 8½ in
Nikolai Pankratov
Tallest man in Russia.[32]
1990–

 North Korea
235 cm
7 ft 8½ in
Ri Myung Hun
Former basketball player with the North Korean national team.
1967–

 United States Ukraine
235 cm
7 ft 8⅓ in
Igor Vovkovinskiy
Currently the tallest person living in the United States. Originally from Ukraine, moved to Rochester, Minnesota to be treated at the Mayo Clinic. Most recently has been acting in commercials and movies.[33] Became well known by wearing a T-shirt that read "Obama's Biggest Supporter". Took part in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö, Sweden, as one of the performers on the stage representing Ukraine.
1982–

 United States
235 cm
7 ft 8 in
Broc Brown
Former tallest teenager in the United States.[34]

1998-

 United States
235 cm
7 ft 8 in
Cecil Boling
Was 7'8" but shrank to 7'0" since his legs were replaced with artificial legs 8.5" shorter.[35]
1920–2000 (79)

 United States
235 cm
7 ft 8 in
Brenden Adams
Former tallest teenager in the world.
1995–

 India
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Polipaka Gattaiah
Tallest Indian.[36]
1975–2015

 Ivory Coast
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Abdramane Dembele
Tallest man in Ivory Coast.[37]
1985–

 United States
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
George Bell
Former Tallest living American.[38]
1957–

 Fiji
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Kaliova Seleiwau
Tallest living Fijian.[39]
1981–

 Austria
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Adam Rainer
Only person known to have been both a dwarf and giant. He was 118 cm (3 ft 10 in) tall at age 21 and peaked at 234 cm (7 ft 8 in) when he died, having doubled his height as an adult.
1899–1950 (51)

 Pakistan
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Alam Channa
Pakistani, considered to be the tallest living man when he died in 1998.[40]
1953–1998 (46)

 Iceland
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Jóhann K. Pétursson
Was the tallest person in Iceland.
1913–1984 (71)

 Japan
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Yasutaka Okayama
Tallest living Japanese. Tallest basketball player drafted in NBA history.[41][42][43][44]
1954–

 United States
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Bob Wegner
Tallest basketball player plays for the Lake Michigan Admirals.[45]
1993–

 Austria-Hungary
233.7 cm
7 ft 8 in
Franz Winkelmeier
One of the tallest people in his time.[46]
1860–1887

 Spain
233.5 cm
7 ft 8 in
Miguel Joaquín de Eleicegui
Tallest man recorded in Spain.[47]
1818–1861 (43)

 Spain
233 cm
7 ft 7.7 in
Jaime Clemente Izquierdo
Spain's tallest man in his lifetime.[48]
1961–2005 (44)

 Spain
233 cm
7 ft 7½ in
Agustín Luengo Capilla
Circus performer. Tallest man in Spain at the time of his death.[49]
1849–1875 (26)

 United States
232 cm
7 ft 7½ in
Jack Earle
Jacob Rheuben Ehrlich. American silent film actor and sideshow performer.
1906–1952 (46)

 Somalia
233 cm
7 ft 7.4 in
Hussain Bisad
Somalia, considered to be one of the tallest living men.
1975–

 United Kingdom
233 cm
7 ft 7.4 in
Neil Fingleton
Tallest NCAA Division I basketball player. Known for his role Mag the Mighty in the HBO TV series Game of Thrones.[50][51]
1980–2017 (36)

 China
233 cm
7 ft 7 in
Wang Feng-Jun
Asia's tallest man in 2004.[52]
1976–2015 (39)

 Argentina
231 cm
7 ft 7 in
Jorge González
Tallest wrestler in WWE history.
1966–2010 (44)

 United Kingdom
231 cm
7 ft 7 in
Paul Sturgess
Tied for the tallest player ever to play college basketball in the U.S.[53]
1987–

 United States
231 cm
7 ft 7 in
Kenny George
Second-tallest NCAA Division I basketball player (Neil Fingleton).[54]
1987–

 United States
231 cm
7 ft 7 in
Lock Martin
He played the robot in the movie The Day the Earth Stood Still.[55]
1916–1959

 Ireland
231 cm
7 ft 7 in
Charles Byrne
Skeleton now resides in the Hunterian Museum.
1761–1783 (22)

 United States
231 cm
7 ft 7 in
Max Palmer
Actor and pro wrestler. Listed by Guinness World Records at 7 ft 7 in, claimed 8 ft 1 in. Film Bio - Killer Apes, Invaders From Mars.[56]
1927–1984 (57)

 Romania
231 cm
7 ft 7 in
Gheorghe Mureșan
Tied for tallest in NBA history.
1971–

 Sudan
231 cm
7 ft 7 in
Manute Bol
Tied for tallest in NBA history.
1962–2010 (48)

 Belgium
230 cm
7 ft 6.75 in
Alain Delaunois
Tallest living Belgian.[57]
1971–

 Azerbaijan
230 cm
7 ft 7 in
Aleksandar Rindin
Tallest man in Azerbaijan.[58]
1985–

 Armenia
230 cm
7 ft 7 in
Arshavir Grigoryan
Tallest man in Armenia.[59]
1990–

 Brazil
230 cm
7 ft 6.6 in
Joélisson Fernandes da Silva
Tallest living Brazilian.[60]
1991–

 Montenegro
230 cm
7 ft 6.5 in
Slavko Vraneš
Tallest Montenegrin basketball player in the national basketball team, former player in the NBA
1983–

 Romania
230 cm
7 ft 6.55 in
Robert Bobroczky
Romanian basketball player who was 2.30 m (7 ft 7 in) in late 2014, aged 14.[61]
2000–

 Vietnam
229 cm
7 ft 6.25 in
Trần Thành Phố
Was the tallest man in Southeast Asia when he died in 2010[62]
1947–2010 (63)

 Senegal
229 cm
7 ft 6.25 in
Malik Sidibe
Tallest basketball player in Senegal.[63]
1985–

 United Kingdom
229 cm
7 ft 6¼ in
Christopher Greener
Formerly Britain's tallest man
1943–2015 (71)

 Algeria
229 cm
7 ft 6⅕ in
Saad Kaiche
Former basketball player of Club Baloncesto Breogán of Lugo.[64][65]
1985–

 United States
229 cm
7 ft 6 in
Ralph Madsen
Billed as 7 ft 6 in.[66]
1897–1948

 China
229 cm
7 ft 6 in
Yao Ming
Was the tallest player in the NBA during his playing years until his retirement in 2011.
1980–

 United States Germany
229 cm
7 ft 6 in
Shawn Bradley
Former player in the NBA, 1993–2005, tallest living German (holding dual citizenship).
1972–

 Senegal
229 cm
7 ft 6 in
Moussa Seck
Tallest basketball player in Senegal.[67]
1986–

 United States
229 cm
7 ft 6 in
Matthew McGrory
Was the world's tallest actor when he died in 2005.[68]
1973–2005

 Senegal
229 cm
7 ft 6 in
Mamadou N'Diaye
Was the tallest in high school and college basketball while playing in the US (tied for tallest with Tacko Fall in his final college season in 2015–16).[69][70]
1993–

 United States
229 cm
7 ft 6 in
Conrad Furrows
He was listed in the Bernard L. Kobel Catalogue of Human Oddities of Circus Sideshows.[71]
1922–1967

 Senegal
229 cm
7 ft 6 in
Tacko Fall
Was the tallest high school basketball player in the US as of 2014,[72] and since 2016 has been the tallest in US college basketball.[70]
1995–

 Russia
229 cm
7 ft 5.8 in
Sergey Ilin
Tallest basketball player in Russia.[73]
1988–

 Spain
229 cm
7 ft 5.8 in(?)
Fermín Arrudi Urieta
Tallest man in Spain at the time of his death.
1870–1913 (42)

 DR Congo
228 cm
7 ft 5⅔ in
Bienvenu Letuni
Tallest basketball player in DRC[74]
1994–

 Poland
228 cm
7 ft 5⅔ in
Eugeniusz Taraciński
Tallest man in Poland while he was alive.[75]
1928–1978 (50)

 Colombia
228 cm
7 ft 5⅔ in
Asdrúbal Herrera Mora
Tallest living Colombian. Tied for tallest South American man with Margarito Machacuay[76]
1986–

 Slovakia
228 cm
7 ft 5⅔ in
Martin Miklosik
Tallest basketball player in the Slovak Republic.[77]
1986–

 Peru
228 cm
7 ft 5⅔ in
Margarito Machacuay
Tied for the tallest South American person with Asdrúbal Herrera and is the fifth-tallest in the Americas.[78]
1965–

text: Women

text:
Country

Metric

Imperial

Name

Note

Lifespan(age at death)

 China
248 cm
8 ft 1 ¾ in
Zeng Jinlian
Confirmed by Guinness World Records as tallest female ever. Suffered from spine curvature and could not stand at full height. Tallest recorded Chinese person and world's tallest person shortly before her death. She is the only woman verified to have reached 8ft tall.
1964–1982 (17)

 Canada
243 cm
7 ft 11 in
Anna Haining Bates
Second tallest woman and tallest woman in her lifetime. She and Martin Van Buren Bates were the tallest married couple ever.[26]
1846–1888 (41)

 United Kingdom
241 cm
7 ft 11 in
Jane Bunford
Tallest recorded English person and possibly the world's tallest person at the time of her death. Given height is adjusted for spinal curvature; peak standing height was 7 ft 10 in (239 cm).[79]
1895–1922 (27)

 China
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Yao Defen
Listed as tallest living female by Guinness World Records, until her death on November 13, 2012.
1972–2012 (40)

 United States
231.78 cm
7 ft 7 ¼ in
Sandy Allen
Listed as tallest living female by Guinness World Records, and the tallest American woman ever, until her death on August 13, 2008.[80]
1955–2008 (53)

 Greece
229.87 cm
7 ft 6.5 in
Wassiliki Calliandji
Tallest woman in Greece.[81]
1882–1904 (22)

 China
221 cm
7 ft 3 in
Sun Fang
Tallest living woman.[82]
1987-

 Poland
218 cm
7 ft 2 in
Margo Dydek
Tallest professional women's basketball player.[83]
1974-2011 (37)

 Turkey
213.6 cm
7 ft 0.09 in
Rumeysa Gelgi
Tallest living woman in Turkey, and she was the highest female teenager in the world.[84][85]
1997-

text: Disputed and unverified claims

text:
Country

Metric

Imperial

Name

Note

Lifespan(age at death)

France
350 cm
11 ft 6 in
Giant of Castelnau
Height estimate based on bone fragments found at the Neolithic cemetery of Castelnau-le-Lez, excavated in 1890 by Georges Vacher de Lapouge and published in the journal La Nature, Vol. 18, 1890.[86]
Unknown -Neolithic France

Russia/Belarus
283 cm
9 ft 3 in
Feodor Machnow
Height not confirmed.
1878–1912 (34)

England
282 cm
9 ft 3 in
John Middleton The Childe of Hale
Written on his grave is Here lyeth the bodie of John Middleton, the Childe of Hale, nine feet three. Height not officially confirmed.
1578–1623 (45)

United States
274 cm
8 ft 11.5 in
John Aasen
American silent film actor, height is not officially confirmed. His skeleton was measured at 7 ft 2.4 in
1890–1938 (48)

Thailand
269 cm
8 ft 10 in
Pornchai Sawsri
Claimed to measure 269 cm (8'10) at age 26 in September 2015.[87] He was measured at 257 cm (8'5") by Thai authorities for his ID card renewal in October 2013.[88]
1990?–2015[89]

Egypt
269 cm
8 ft 10 in
Sa’id Muhammad Ghazi
Claimed 8'10", but was later measured at 7'11" (242 cm).[90]

1909–1941 (32)

Ireland
269 cm
8 ft 10 in
Patrick Murphy
Claimed 8'10", but was later measured at 7'3.4" (222 cm). Height is not officially confirmed.

1834–1862 (28)

Italy
259 cm
8 ft 6 in
Maximinus Thrax
Emperor of Rome, first ever recorded person with gigantism.
173–238

Iran
259 cm
8 ft 5.9 in
Siah Khan Ibn Kashmir Khan
When he was admitted to hospital in 1933 he turned out to be 'only' 7'2.6" (220 cm) tall .[91]
1912–1938

Ukraine
257 cm
8 ft 5.5 in
Leonid Stadnyk
Refused to undergo independent testing under Guinness World Records rules, so his claim is not recognized by Guinness World Records.
1970–2014 (44)

Pakistan
254 cm
8 ft 4 in
Ajaz Ahmed
Claims actually to be 8 feet 4 inches, but this is unverified by Guinness World Records. He claims that he is still growing.
1976–

Netherlands
254 cm
8 ft 4 in
Trijntje Keever
Tallest recorded woman. Not confirmed by Guinness World Records.[92][93]
1616–1633 (17)

United States
254 cm
8 ft 4 in
Ella Ewing
Claims 8 feet 4 inches, however measured at 7 feet 4.5 inches. Her mother describes her full height at 8 feet 4 inches.
1872–1913 (41)

Bangladesh
251 cm
8 ft 3 in
Parimal Barman
Claims of being 8 feet 3 inches, not confirmed.
1962–1991 (29)

United States
248 cm
8 ft 2 in
Henry Hite
Claims of being 8 feet 2 inches, not confirmed.
1915–1978 (63)

India
248 cm
8 ft 2 in
Jitendra Singh
Claims of being 8 feet 2 inches, but was later measured at 7'7" (231 cm)[94]
1971–

Finland
247 cm
8 ft 1.4 in
Daniel Cajanus
Height not officially confirmed.[95] He was only 7 ft 8 in (234 cm) according to the London Annual Register.[96]
1703–1749 (46)

People's Republic of China
246 cm
8 ft 1 in
Zhao Liang
Height not officially confirmed. A circus performer.
1982–

Finland
246 cm
8 ft 1 in
Louis Moilanen Big Louie
Height not officially confirmed.[97]
1886–1913 (27)

China
244 cm
8 ft 0 in
Zhan Shichai
Height not officially confirmed.[98]

1841–1893 (52)

Turkey
244.4 cm
8 ft 0 in
Barth's Giant
Skeleton of reputed Giant "Hayduk", Turkish soldier displayed at Vienna's Anatomical museum in 1904. Height estimated from Femur and Tibia at 235.2 to 244.4 cm tall.[99]
c. 1683

Algeria
244 cm
8 ft 0 in
Mounir Fourar
Height not officially confirmed.[100]
1972–2012 (40)

Indonesia
242 cm
7 ft 11 in
Musutaman
Height not officially confirmed.[101]

1962–?

Sweden
242 cm
7 ft 11 in
Gustaf Edman
Height not officially confirmed.[102]

1882–1912 (30)

Mongolia
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Öndör GongorTall Gongor
Was measured by Roy Chapman Andrews, but some other sources even give 245 cm (8 feet)
1879–1931 (52)

United Kingdom
236 cm
7 ft 9 in
Frederick Kempster
Claimed to be 8 ft 4.5 in. Height not officially confirmed.[103]
1889–1918 (29)

Ireland
234 cm
7 ft 8 in
Cornelius McGrath
Measurement according to the London Annual Register.[96]
1737–1759 (22)

Spain
222–234 cm
7 ft 3 in -   7 ft 7 in

Sancho VII of Navarre
Height estimated by Luis del Campo in 1952, from a measurement of his femur recorded in 1622.[104]
1170-1234 (64)

text: Tallest in varied fields or endeavors

text: Tallest in various sports

text:
Country

Height

Name

Note

Lifespan

Photo

Libya

246 cm (8 ft 1 in)

Suleiman Ali Nashnush

Tallest basketball player.

1943–1991

Iran

246 cm (8 ft 1 in)[105]

Morteza Mehrzad

Tallest Paralympian and tallest volleyball player.[106]

1987–

Romania

242 cm (7 ft 11 in)

Gogea Mitu

Tallest professional boxer.

1914–1936

People's Republic of China

236 cm (7 ft 9 in)

Sun Mingming

Tallest active professional basketball player.

1983–

Canada

233 cm (7 ft 8 in)

Édouard Beaupré

Tallest strongman and tallest wrestler.

1881–1904

Romania

231 cm (7 ft 7 in)

Gheorghe Mureșan

Retired professional basketball player. Tied as tallest player in National Basketball Association (NBA) history.

1971–

Sudan

231 cm (7 ft 7 in)

Manute Bol

Retired professional basketball player. Tied as tallest player in National Basketball Association (NBA) history.

1962–2010

Argentina

231 cm (7 ft 7 in)

Jorge González

Tallest wrestler in WWE history

1966–2010

Latvia

221 cm (7 ft 3 in)

Kristaps Porziņģis

Tied for tallest active NBA player.

1995–

Serbia

221 cm (7 ft 3 in)

Boban Marjanović

Tied for tallest active NBA player.

1988–

Brazil

218 cm (7 ft 2 in)

Giant Silva

Tallest kickboxer and mixed martial artist.

1963–

Poland

218 cm (7 ft 2 in)

Małgorzata "Margo" Dydek

Tallest female player in WNBA history.

1974–2011

Russia

218 cm (7 ft 2 in)[107]

Dmitriy Muserskiy

Tallest volleyball player. Member of Russia national team

1988–

Brazil

217 cm (7 ft 1 in)

Renan Zanatta Buiatti

Tallest volleyball player.

1990–

India

216 cm (7 ft 1 in)

Dalip Singh Rana

Tallest active wrestler.

1972–

Pakistan

216 cm (7 ft 1 in)

Mohammad Irfan

Tallest international cricketer[108]

1982–

Philippines

216 cm (7 ft 1 in)

E.J. Feihl

Tallest basketball player in PBA history. (tied with Greg Slaughter)

1970–

Philippines

216 cm (7 ft 1 in)

Greg Slaughter

Tallest basketball player in PBA history. (tied with E.J. Feihl)

1988–

Netherlands

215 cm (7 ft 1 in)

Kay van Dijk

Tallest Volleyball player. Member of Netherlands national team

1984–

Netherlands

215 cm (7 ft 1 in)

Loek van Mil

Tallest baseball player.

1984–

Brazil

214 cm (7 ft 0 in)

Leandro Vissotto

Tallest Volleyball player. Member of Brazil national team

1983–

United Kingdom

213 cm (7 ft 0 in)

Richard Metcalfe

Tallest rugby union player.

1973–

Netherlands

213 cm (7 ft 0 in)

Ted van der Parre

Tallest World's Strongest Man.

1955–

United States

213 cm (7 ft 0 in)

Richard Sligh

Tallest American football player in NFL history.

1944–2008

Russia

213 cm (7 ft 0 in)

Nikolai Valuev

Tallest boxing world champion.

1973–

Netherlands

212 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Semmy Schilt

Tallest kickboxing world champion.

1973–

Netherlands

212 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Stefan Struve

Tallest fighter in the UFC.

1988–

Australia

212 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Thomas Edgar

Tallest volleyball player. Member of Australia national team

1989–

United States

211 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Jon Rauch

Tallest baseball player in Major League Baseball history.

1978–

Australia

211 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Aaron Sandilands

Tied as tallest player in Australian Football League history.

1982–

Australia

211 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Peter Street

Tied as tallest player in Australian Football League history.

1980–

United States

211 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Mason Cox

Tied as tallest player in Australian Football League history.

1991–

United States

211 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Reilly Opelka

Tied as tallest tennis player on the ATP Tour.

1997–

Croatia

211 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Ivo Karlović

Tied as tallest tennis player on the ATP Tour.

1979–

United Kingdom

211 cm (6 ft 11 in)

Will Carrick-Smith

Tallest active professional rugby union player.

1992–

Lithuania

209 cm (6 ft 10 in)

Rolandas Gimbutis

Tallest Olympic swimmer.

1981–

Belgium

208 cm (6 ft 10 in)

Kristof Van Hout

Tallest association football player.

1987–

United States

208 cm (6 ft 10 in)

Matt Anderson

Tallest volleyball player. Member of United States national team

1987–

Slovakia

206 cm (6 ft 9 in)

Zdeno Chára

Tallest player in National Hockey League history.

1977–

United States

206 cm (6 ft 9 in)

Jared Gaither

Tallest active American football player in the NFL

1986–

Russia

204 cm (6 ft 8 in)

Nelly Alisheva

Tallest female volleyball player.

1983–

Bulgaria

203 cm (6 ft 8 in)

Kotooshu Katsunori

sumo wrestler.

1983–

Germany

201 cm (6 ft 7 in)

Ingo Schultz

Tallest sprinter.

1975–

Bulgaria

201 cm (6 ft 7 in)

Velichko Cholakov

Tallest Olympic weightlifter.

1982–2017

United States

201 cm (6 ft 7 in)

Phil Blackmar

Tallest golfer on the PGA Tour.

1957–

Switzerland

200 cm (6 ft 7 in)

Ramon Zenhäusern

Tallest World Cup competitor in alpine skiing.

1992–

text: Tallest actors

text:
Country

Height

Name

Note

Lifespan

United Kingdom

7 ft 7½ in (233 cm)

Neil Fingleton

Tallest actor at 233 cm (7 ft 7½ in).[109]

1980–2017

United States

7 ft 6 in (229 cm)

Matthew McGrory

World's tallest actor at time of death.

1973–2005

France

7 ft 4 in (224 cm)

Andre The Giant

Tallest French actor and professional wrestler. Tallest wrestler during the 1980s.

1946-1993

United States

7 ft 4 in (224 cm)

George McArthur

Actor and variety artist.

1969-

Finland

7 ft (213 cm)

Joonas Suotamo

Tallest Finnish actor and professional basketball player.[110]

1986–

Canada

6 ft 9 in (206 cm)

John De Santis

Tallest Canadian actor at 206 cm (6 ft 9 in).[111]

1977–

United States

6 ft 8 1/2 in (204 cm)

Brad Garrett

Tallest Emmy Award winning actor at 204 cm (6 ft 8 1/2 in).[112]

1960–

United States

6 ft 8.25 in (203.84 cm)

Lindsay Kay Hayward

Tallest actress in a leading role[113]

1987–[114]

United Kingdom

6 ft 7 in (201 cm)

Stephen Merchant

Tallest British Academy Film Awards winner

1974 -

United States

6 ft 7 in (201 cm)

James Cromwell

Tallest Academy Award nominated actor at 201 cm (6 ft 7 in).

1940–

United States

6 ft 5 in (195 cm)

Tim Robbins

Tallest Academy Award-winning actor at 195 cm (6 ft 5 in).

1958–

text: Tallest people currently living in varied nations

text:
Turkey

8 ft 3 in (251 cm)

Sultan Kösen

Tallest Turkish at 251 cm (8 ft 3 in).[4]

1982–

Morocco

8 ft 1 in (247 cm)

Brahim Takioullah

Tallest Moroccan at 246 cm and second tallest person (8 ft 1 in).[7]

1982–

Iran

8 ft 1 in (246 cm)

Morteza Mehrzad

Tallest live in Iran at 246 cm (8 ft 1 in).[91]

1987–

People's Republic of China

7 ft 11 in (242 cm)

Zhang Juncai

Tallest living Chinese at 242 cm (7 ft 11 in).

1983–

Tunisia

7 ft 8.5 in (235 cm)

Radhouane Charbib

Tallest Tunisian and the tallest living person in Africa[28]

1968–

Somalia

7 ft 8½ in (236 cm)

Hussain Bisad

Tallest Somali at 236 cm (7 ft 8.5 in).

1975–

North Korea

7 ft 8.5 in (235 cm)

Ri Myung Hun

Tallest North Korean at 235 cm (7 ft 8.5 in).

1967–

United Kingdom

7 ft 8⅓ in (235 cm)

Paul Sturgess

Tallest British at 235 cm (7 ft 8⅓ in).

1987–

United States

7 ft 8⅓ in (235 cm)

Igor Vovkovinskiy

Tallest American at 235 cm (7 ft 8⅓ in).

1982–

Myanmar

7 ft 7.5 in (233 cm)

Win Zaw Oo

Also known as 'Big Zaw', who is currently seeking medical treatment from 2013 in Singapore. Tallest man in Burma

1977-

Romania

7 ft 7 in (231 cm)

Gheorghe Mureșan

Tallest Romanian at 231 cm (7 ft 7 in).

1971–

Brazil

7 ft 6.6 in (230 cm)

Joelisson Fernandes da Silva

Tallest Brazilian at 230 cm (7 ft 6.6 in)[60]

1991–

Montenegro

7 ft 6 in (230 cm)

Slavko Vranes

Tallest basketball player in Montenegro

1983–

Malta

7 ft 6 in (230 cm)

Samuel Deguara

Tallest basketball player in Malta

1991–

Japan

7 ft 6 in (228 cm)

Yasutaka Okayama

Tallest Japanese to be drafted into the NBA at 228 cm (7 ft 6 in).

1954–

Canada

7 ft 6 in (228 cm)

Jerry Sokoloski

Tallest Canadian at 228 cm (7 ft 6 in).

1983–

New Zealand

7 ft 4.5 in (225 cm)

Jonty Butterfield

Tallest New Zealander at 229 cm (7 ft 6.15 in).[115]

1994–

Ireland

7 ft 4.5 in (225 cm)

Shaun Aisbitt

Tallest Man in Ireland [116]

1962–

Puerto Rico

7 ft 3.5 in (222 cm)

Peter John Ramos

Tallest Puerto Rican at 222 cm (7 ft 3.5 in).

1985–

Hungary

7 ft 3.5 in (222 cm)

Laszlo Dobos

Tallest basketball player in Hungary at 222 cm (7 ft 3.5 in).[117]

1993–

Australia

7 ft 3 in (221 cm)

Sam Harris

Tallest Australian at 221 cm (7 ft 3 in).

1984–

Philippines

7 ft 3 in (221 cm)

Raul Dillo

Said to be the tallest Filipino at 221 cm (7 ft 4 in) when he was measured at age 17.[118][119]

1991–

Spain

7 ft 3 in (221 cm)

Roberto Dueñas Hernández

Tallest Spanish basketball player ever (now retired). Currently the tallest man alive in Spain.

1975–


document_title: Joffrey Baratheon

question_text: who killed joffrey in game of thrones tv

root

text: Joffrey Baratheon

text: Overview[edit]

text: Joffrey Baratheon is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as his mother Cersei Lannister, his uncle Tyrion Lannister and his one-time fiancée Sansa Stark. Joffrey is mostly a background character in the novels.[5] He inherits his mother's traditional Lannister looks, and has blond hair and green eyes, and is believed by many to be very handsome.

tag: p

text: Character description[edit]

text: In public, Joffrey is allegedly the oldest son and heir of King Robert Baratheon and Queen Cersei Lannister, both of whom entered into a political marriage alliance after Robert took the throne by force from the 'Mad King' Aerys II Targaryen. In reality, his biological father is his mother's twin brother, Jaime Lannister. He has a younger sister, Myrcella, and a younger brother, Tommen, both of whom are also products of Jaime and Cersei's incestuous relationship. Their sole biological grandparents, Tywin and Joanna Lannister, were also first cousins.[6]

text: Joffrey is an amoral sadist who disguises his cruelty with a thin veneer of charm. This is best epitomized by his response when his (then) betrothed offends him: Joffrey pronounces that his mother had taught him never to strike a woman, and so commissions a knight of the Kingsguard to hit her instead. He enjoys forcing people to fight to the death, and enforces cruel punishments for lesser crimes. He has no sense of personal responsibility, blaming failures on others. He lacks self-control and often insults his allies and family members. Joffrey is one of the story's few characters to display no redeeming qualities whatsoever.

text: Joffrey is 12 years old at the beginning of A Game of Thrones (1996).

text: Storylines[edit]

text: A Game of Thrones[edit]

text: Prince Joffrey is taken by his parents to Winterfell and is betrothed to Sansa Stark in order to create an alliance between House Baratheon and House Stark. At first, Joffrey is kind and polite to Sansa. However, he refuses to show sympathy with the family when Bran Stark falls from a tower; this makes Joffrey's uncle Tyrion have to physically punish him until he shows respect. While on the Kingsroad to King's Landing, Joffrey and Sansa come across Arya Stark practicing swordplay with a commoner Mycah. Joffrey accuses Mycah of assaulting a noble girl and makes a cut on his face with a sword. This causes Arya to hit Joffrey, allowing Mycah to escape. Joffrey then turns on Arya, making her direwolf Nymeria attack Joffrey, injuring him. Later, Joffrey lies about the attack, saying it was unprovoked and demands Nymeria to be killed; however, Sansa's direwolf Lady is killed instead. He later orders his bodyguard and sworn sword Sandor "The Hound" Clegane to kill Mycah and bring him back his corpse, which he does.

text: Later, Eddard Stark discovers that Joffrey is not King Robert's son and rightful heir, by examining the family history and realizing that black hair is a dominant trait in the Baratheon line, hence the blonde hair can be attributed to the incestuous relationship of Queen Cersei and Ser Jaime. This causes Eddard to refuse to acknowledge Joffrey's claim to the throne when King Robert dies. He is taken into custody and his guards and household are murdered.

text: Sansa kneels and begs for Joffrey to spare her father's life and give him a chance to confess the treason. Joffrey promises Sansa that if Eddard truly does confess, he would be merciful. Reluctant at first, Eddard begrudgingly accepts Joffrey as the rightful King in order to spare Sansa's life. However, Joffrey, though pleased by Eddard's "confession", says that he has no acceptance for traitors and instead beheads Eddard and later forces Sansa to look upon her father's head.

text: A Clash of Kings[edit]

text: Joffrey is briefly seen in A Clash of Kings (1998). He rules with whim and caprice, proving difficult for even his mother to control. Sansa becomes imprisoned to his will, and he frequently has his guards beat her when she displeases him. When Stannis Baratheon attacks King's Landing, Joffrey leaves the battlefield, damaging the morale of his army. The battle is only won by his uncle Tyrion's use of wildfire and his grandfather Tywin's last-minute counterattack aided by the forces of House Tyrell.

text: A Storm of Swords[edit]

text: Joffrey sets aside his earlier betrothal to Sansa Stark in favor of Margaery Tyrell, cementing an alliance between the Lannisters and House Tyrell. At Tyrion and Sansa's wedding, he humiliates his uncle and is outraged when his uncle threatens him after he commands him to consummate their marriage. Tyrion only avoids punishment when his father Tywin assures Joffrey that his uncle was drunk and had no intention of threatening the king. Later after the events of the "Red Wedding", Joffrey gleefully plans on serving Sansa her recently deceased brother's head, when Tyrion and Tywin are outraged. Tyrion threatens Joffrey once again, and later Joffrey turns on Tywin, who responds by commanding Joffrey to be sent to his room, much to Joffrey's chagrin. During his wedding feast in the throne room, he presents an extremely offensive play of "The War of the Five Kings, " with each of the kings played by dwarves, to humiliate his uncle. He also repeatedly torments Tyrion and Sansa, forcing the former to be his cupbearer. At the conclusion of the dinner, however, Joffrey's wine is poisoned, and he dies in an event known as "The Purple Wedding," in which Tyrion is falsely accused and arrested by Cersei in A Storm of Swords (2000). It is later revealed that Lady Olenna Tyrell and Lord Petyr Baelish were the true perpetrators, with assistance from royal fool Ser Dontos Hollard, who successfully smuggles Tyrion's wife Sansa out of King's Landing before either of them can be caught and tried for Joffrey's murder.

text: Later novels[edit]

text: Joffrey is mentioned a few times in the later novels.

text: Family tree of House Lannister[edit]

text:
[hide]

v
t
e

Descendants of Tytos Lannister

Tytos [a]

Jeyne
Marbrand [b]

Joanna[c]

Tywin[c]

Emmon
Frey[c]

Genna[c]

Kevan[c]

Dorna
Swyft[c]

Tygett[c]

Darlessa
Marbrand [c]

Gerion[c]

Briony [d]

Robert
Baratheon[c]

Cersei[c]

Jaime
"The Kingslayer" [c]

Tysha[e]

Tyrion
"The Imp" [c]

Sansa
Stark[f]

Amerei
Frey[g]

Lancel[c]

Martyn[c]

Willem [c]

Janei[c]

Tyrek[c]

Ermesande
Hayford [h]

Joy
Hill[c]

Joffrey
Baratheon[i][j]

Myrcella
Baratheon[i][j]

Margaery
Tyrell [k][l]

Tommen
Baratheon[i][j]

Tion
Frey[c]

"Red" Walder
Frey[m]

Jeyne
Darry[n]

Cleos
Frey[c]

Lyonel
Frey[m]

Melesa Crakehall

Tywin
Frey[n]

Willem
Frey[n]

References and notes:

^ Jump up to: a b Martin, George R. R. (1996). "Chapter 56: Tyrion". A Game of Thrones. p. 593. ISBN 978-0-553-89784-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Martin, George R. R.; García Jr., Elio M.; Antonsson, Linda (2014). The World of Ice & Fire. ISBN 978-0-553-80544-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Martin. "Appendix: House Lannister". A Game of Thrones. pp. 787–788.
Jump up ^ Martin; García Jr.; Antonsson. "Appendix: Lannister Lineage". The World of Ice & Fire.
Jump up ^ Tyrion's first wife was a peasant girl named Tysha. The marriage was later annulled by Lord Tywin's order.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Chapter 28: Sansa". A Storm of Swords. pp. 382–393. ISBN 978-0-553-89787-6.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2005). "Chapter 30: Jaime". A Feast for Crows. pp. 501–518. ISBN 978-0-553-90032-3.
Jump up ^ Martin. "Appendix: The King on the Iron Throne". A Storm of Swords. p. 1131.
^ Jump up to: a b c Martin. "Appendix: House Baratheon". A Game of Thrones. p. 783.
^ Jump up to: a b c Though officially Robert's children, Joffrey, Myrcella and Tommen are the products of an incestuous affair between Cersei and Jaime.
Jump up ^ Martin. "Appendix: The Queen Regent". A Feast for Crows. p. 782.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2011). "Appendix: The Boy King". A Dance with Dragons. p. 1055. ISBN 978-0-553-90565-6.  [m] [n]
^ Jump up to: a b Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Appendix: House Lannister". A Storm of Swords. ISBN 0-553-10663-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Martin, George R. R. (2011). "Appendix: House Lannister". A Dance with Dragons. ISBN 978-0553801477.

tag: table

text: TV adaptation[edit]

text: In January 2007 HBO secured the rights to adapt Martin's series for television.[7][8] Years later young actor Jack Gleeson was cast as Joffrey Baratheon.[9]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Joffrey Baratheon is the Crown Prince of the Seven Kingdoms. He is the eldest of Cersei Lannister's children and heir to the Iron Throne. Evil, arrogant, vicious, and cruel, he has a short temper and believes he can do anything he wants. He is also a coward when confronted by those who aren't afraid of him. Joffrey is also unaware that King Robert is not his real father – in reality, he is the son of Jaime Lannister.

text: Season 1[edit]

text: After Robert's death, the Lannisters make Joffrey King against his father's will, and his mother uses him as a puppet. A cruel ruler, Joffrey makes a mistake when, against Cersei's and Sansa's wishes, he refuses to honor his promise of sparing Ned; instead, Joffrey has him executed.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: His act worsens the situation with the Lannisters' war effort as his uncle Jaime is captured by the Starks and his uncles Renly and Stannis have challenged his claim to the Iron Throne. He frequently orders his Kingsguard to beat Sansa. His cruelty and ignorance of the commoners' suffering makes him unpopular after he orders the City Watch to kill all of his father's bastard children in King's Landing which would later lead to a riot where he is almost killed. When Stannis attacks King's Landing, Joffrey serves only as a figurehead and avoids the heavy fighting. When the battle eventually turns in Stannis' favor, Cersei calls her son into the safety of the castle, damaging the morale of his army. The battle is only won by his uncle Tyrion and his grandfather Tywin, aided by the forces of House Tyrell. To cement the alliance between their families, Joffrey's engagement to Sansa is annulled so he can marry Margaery Tyrell.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: The marriage is yet to take place, and rifts are growing between Joffrey and his uncle and grandfather, who are (in their respective ways) rebutting his cruelty. He also seems to take little interest in his bride, but is amazed and altered by her ways of winning the people's favor, in which he takes part. At Tyrion and Sansa's wedding, he humiliates his uncle and is outraged when his uncle threatens him after he commands him to consummate their marriage. Tyrion only avoids punishment when his father Tywin assures Joffrey that his uncle was drunk and had no intention of threatening the king. Later after the events of the "Red Wedding", Joffrey gleefully plans on serving Sansa her recently deceased brother's head, when Tyrion and Tywin are outraged. Tyrion threatens Joffrey once again, and later Joffrey turns on Tywin, who responds by commanding Joffrey to be sent to his room, much to Joffrey's chagrin.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: Joffrey finally marries Margaery. During his wedding feast in the gardens of the Red Keep, he presents an extremely offensive play of "The War of the Five Kings, " with each of the kings played by dwarves, to humiliate his uncle. He also repeatedly torments Tyrion and Sansa, forcing the former to be his cupbearer. At the height of festivities Joffrey is suddenly overcome by poison, and he dies. His uncle Tyrion is accused and arrested. It is confirmed, however, he was poisoned by Olenna Tyrell, with assistance from Petyr Baelish and Dontos Hollard, as she wanted to protect Margaery from the physical and emotional abuse that Joffrey had very clearly inflicted on Sansa. Olenna later confides to Margaery that she would never have let her marry "that monster". Following Joffrey's funeral, his younger brother and heir, Tommen, is crowned King.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Jack Gleeson has received positive reviews for his role as Joffrey Baratheon in the television series. In 2016, Rolling Stone ranked the character #4 in their list of the "40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time".[10] Author Martin described Joffrey as similar to "five or six people that I went to school with ... a classic bully ... incredibly spoiled".[11]


document_title: Truth or Dare (2018 film)

question_text: whats the demons name from truth or dare

text: Truth or Dare (2018 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The movie opens on an unknown girl at a gas station. While buying a pack of cigarettes she appears injured and unstable. As she walks out she grabs lighter fluid from the shelf and sets a fellow shopper on fire. Elsewhere, the main cast is introduced: Olivia Barron, her best friend Markie Cameron, Markie's boyfriend Lucas Moreno, along with Penelope Amari and her boyfriend Tyson Curran, and Brad Chang go on a trip to Rosarito, Mexico for their last Spring Break. Originally Olivia was going to work for Habitat for Humanity, and regularly uploads to her Youtube Channel with videos relating to her charity work. Markie cancelled her Habitat work without asking her so she would be able to make the Mexico trip. In Mexico, Olivia runs into fellow student Ronnie who proceeds to harass her until a man intervenes on her behalf. The man introduces himself as Carter and convinces her and her friends to join him for drinks at the ruins of a mansion. There, he initiates a game of "Truth or Dare?". The game ends when Carter reveals that he tricked Olivia and her friends to the mansion to offer them in his place in the supernatural game of Truth or Dare. As he leaves, he explains that the game will follow them and they must not refuse it or they will die.

text: Upon returning home, Olivia begins to see "Truth or Dare?" written in several places. At the library, she sees everyone asking her "Truth or Dare?" until she picks truth and is forced to say that Markie cheated on Lucas multiple times. Olivia then realized that only she saw and heard the truth or dare challenge.

text: Later at a college bar, Ronnie dies when he fails to complete a dare. Olivia, having become convinced that Carter was telling the truth, attempts to convince her friends that the game is real. The game turns to Markie and she is forced to break Olivia's hand. At the hospital, Brad is forced by the game into revealing to his father, Officer Han Chang, his homosexuality.

text: The next day, Tyson lies when he is forced to tell a truth during his medical school interview, and dies by stabbing himself through the eye with his 'lucky' pen. Drunk, Penelope is forced by the game to finish a bottle of vodka as she walks along the roof's edge of their house. She falls from the roof just as she finished the bottle but is saved by her friends. After some online research to try and figure out what was happening the group meets a woman named Giselle, who is also a participant in a separate incarnation of the game. Giselle reveals that her friend Sam, the only other survivor of her incarnation of the game, was responsible for the game becoming a reality in the first place, due to his having wrecked the ruins of the mansion in Mexico. The "truth" choice can be chosen only twice before the player is forced to choose "dare" due to the way Giselle and her friends played the game originally. Giselle draws a handgun on Olivia and shoots, confessing that she was dared to kill her. Penelope jumps in front of Olivia and is killed instead. Failing to kill Olivia, the game forces Giselle to shoot herself in the head.

text: Back at their house they attempt to do some more research when Olivia separates to find her charger. A homeless man has broken in to the house and the game uses him to force Olivia's turn. She chooses Dare so that way neither Lucas or Markie would have to and to prevent the game from forcing her to reveal to Markie a secret shes had for years regarding Markie's father's suicide. The game dares her to sleep with Lucas, drawing on her secret feelings for him. Markie, infuriated at the idea of it leaves. Lucas and Olivia complete the Dare but as they do the game uses Olivia to force Lucas to reveal the truth, that he cares for Olivia but that he truly loves Markie.

text: Olivia and Lucas drive to Tijuana and meet with a mute woman and former nun from the church where they played the original game. The woman informs them that they are dealing with a demon named Calux, whom she first summoned to get revenge on the priest who was sexually abusing her and the other nuns many years prior. The demon possessed the game of Truth or Dare and can only be stopped if the last person who evoked it sacrifices their tongue into an urn and seals it with wax after an incantation.

text: Brad is later dared to withdraw his father's gun and make him beg for his life. However, in the act, Brad is shot and killed by an approaching officer. At the precinct, the game comes to Olivia who chooses Dare to again avoid having to tell the truth. It dares her to reveal the truth anyway and she is forced to tell Markie that the night her father killed himself Olivia was present. Her father had been laid off, was drunk, and tried to force himself on to Olivia. Markie leaves the precinct upset and furious at Olivia for hiding this for so many years. In her interview with the detective overseeing the cases of all the deceased teens (Olivia's friends as well as the ones from Giselle's group) Olivia learns that Carter is Sam. She realizes that Sam is the one who destroyed the original urn with the nun's sealed tongue which released the demon back in to the world and the game.

text: Olivia, Markie, and Lucas find Sam and force him at gunpoint back to the ruins of the church in Mexico. Sam begins the ritual and is about to sever his tongue when it becomes Lucas' turn to play the game. Lucas is dared to kill either Olivia or Markie, which he refuses and tries to separate himself to buy the girls time to complete the ritual and stop the demon. Unfortunately his plan doesnt work and possessed by the demon, Lucas kills Sam before Sam can complete the ritual to end the game. He then slits his own throat and dies.

text: Olivia has Markie use her turn to then force the demon to reveal whether or not there is a definitive way to end the game with Markie and herself alive. The demon reveals that now that Sam is dead, there is not, but they can draw more people into the game and prolong their turn in it. Olivia hastily records and uploads a video to her YouTube, warning of the game and its rules, before challenging the viewers around the world to Truth or Dare, initiating them.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lucy Hale as Olivia Barron
Tyler Posey as Lucas Moreno
Violett Beane as Markie Cameron
Hayden Szeto as Brad Chang
Landon Liboiron as Carter / Sam
Nolan Gerard Funk as Tyson Curran
Sophia Taylor Ali as Penelope Amari
Sam Lerner as Ronnie
Aurora Perrineau as Giselle Hammond
Tom Choi as Officer Han Chang
Joe Ochman as the voice of Calux, the demonic entity controlling the game.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Initially, director Jeff Wadlow explained that he was hired to direct the film after spitballing an opening scene based on the title of the movie in his initial meetings with Blumhouse.[6] Subsequently, he joined with his friend Chris Roach, and his wife, Jill Jacobs, and started thinking of ideas to approach the final concept.[7]

text: Principal photography on the film began on June 7, 2017,[8][9] and wrapped on July 12, 2017 in Los Angeles.[10][11]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was initially set for release on April 27, 2018, but in January 2018, the date was moved up two weeks, to April 13, 2018, Friday the 13th.[12] The official trailer for the film was released on January 3, 2018.[13]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Truth or Dare  grossed $40.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $52.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $93 million, against a production budget of $3.5 million.[2]

text: In the United States and Canada, Truth or Dare was released alongside Rampage and Sgt. Stubby: An American Hero, as well as the wide expansion of Isle of Dogs, and was projected to gross $12–15 million from 3,029 theaters in its opening weekend.[14] The film made $8.2 million on its first day (including $750,000 from Thursday night previews), $6.8 million on Saturday and a total of $18.7 million over the weekend, finishing third behind Rampage ($34.5 million) and fellow horror film A Quiet Place ($32.6 million).[15] It fell 58% in its second weekend (slightly above-average for Blumhouse horror films), grossing $7.8 million and finishing fifth.[16] The film continued to hold well in its third weekend, dropping 58% again to $3.3 million, finishing seventh.[17]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 14% based on 128 reviews, and an average rating of 3.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Truth or Dare's slick presentation isn't enough to make this mediocre horror outing much more frightening than an average round of the real-life game."[18] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews."[19] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale.[15]

text: Simon Abrams of RogerEbert.com gave the film 2/4 stars and wrote that "director Jeff Wadlow and his three credited co-writers don't go far enough towards either of their film's primary impulses—humanizing their immature subjects and/or making them die amusingly sadistic deaths."[20] Exclaim!'s Alex Hudson called the film a "by-the-numbers horror that delivers clichés rather than surprises," though added "as dumb as this movie was, I kind of enjoyed it."[21]

text: Variety's Owen Gleiberman called it a "scare-free horror film" and wrote, "The movie isn’t scary, it isn’t gripping, it isn’t fun, and it isn’t fueled by any sort of clever compulsion. It’s just a strangely arduous exercise that feels increasingly frantic and arbitrary as it goes along."[22]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Ref.

2018

20th Teen Choice Awards

Choice Drama Movie

Truth or Dare

Pending

[23]

Choice Drama Movie Actress

Lucy Hale

Pending


document_title: List of New Avengers members

question_text: who is going to be in the new avengers

question_tokens: who is going to be in the new avengers

text: List of New Avengers members

text: New Avengers (2005-2012)[edit]

text: Founders[edit]

text:
Character
Real name
Joined in
Notes

Iron Man
Anthony "Tony" Edward Stark
New Avengers #3 (March 2005)
Pro-registration side leader. Founding member of the Mighty Avengers (Initiative team). Current member of the main Avengers team. Rejoins team in New Avengers vol. 3 #1

Captain America
a.k.a. Nomad,
The Captain
Steven Rogers
Current leader of the main Avengers teams. Rogers still supervises the team.

Luke Cage
a.k.a. Power Man
Carl Lucas (birth name)
Lucas Cage (legal name)
Former leader of the New Avengers.[1] Left the team in New Avengers vol. 2 #30.

Spider-Man
Peter Benjamin Parker
Also a member of the main Avengers team and Future Foundation.

Wolverine
James "Logan" Howlett
New Avengers #6 (June 2005)
Former member.[2] Maintains concurrent membership in the main Avengers, X-Men, and Uncanny Avengers.

Sentry
Robert Reynolds
New Avengers #10 (October 2005)
Became a member of the Mighty Avengers (Initiative team) after the Civil War and the Dark Avengers during Dark Reign. Went rogue in Siege #3 before being killed in Siege #4.

Echo
a.k.a. Ronin
Maya Lopez
New Avengers #11 (November 2005) (as Ronin)
Active as Ronin in New Avengers #11 (2005). Operating in Japan during Civil War; active as Echo in New Avengers #27 (2007).

Infiltrator (2005)

"Spider-Woman"
Veranke (posing as Jessica Drew)
New Avengers #3 (March 2005)
Joined the Mighty Avengers (Initiative team) in Mighty Avengers #7 (November 2007). Revealed in New Avengers #42 (August 2008) as a Skrull who infiltrated Earth prior to the formation of the original team. Killed by Norman Osborn in Secret Invasion #8 (January 2009).

text: Post-Civil War recruits (2007)[edit]

text: The Avengers team featured in the New Avengers comic book, created from the remaining anti-registration Secret Avengers during the Civil War, with Luke Cage, Spider-Man, Wolverine, Echo, and "Spider-Woman" continuing from the original New Avengers team.

text:
Character
Real name
Joined in
Notes

Doctor Strange
Stephen Vincent Strange
New Avengers #27 (February 2007)
Left the team in New Avengers Annual #2. Rejoined in New Avengers vol. 2 #7.

Iron Fist
Daniel Thomas Rand-Kai
Left the team in New Avengers #48. Rejoined in New Avengers vol. 2 #1.[3]

Ronin
a.k.a. Hawkeye, Goliath
Clinton Francis Barton
Appears with New Avengers as Ronin in New Avengers #27. Joins team via flashback in New Avengers #30. Becomes new team leader in New Avengers #51. Relinquishes leadership to Luke Cage in New Avengers vol. 2 #1, re-assuming his Hawkeye identity. Current member of the New Avengers as Hawkeye.

text: Post-Secret Invasion recruits (2009)[edit]

text:
Character
Real name
Joined in
Notes

Captain America
a.k.a. Winter Soldier
James Buchanan "Bucky" Barnes
New Avengers #48 (January 2009)
Thought deceased as of Fear Itself #3, but has survived and is secretly working under his previous alias Winter Soldier.

Mockingbird
Barbara "Bobbi" Morse
Joined the New Avengers after return from several years of Skrull captivity. Former member.[3]

Captain Marvel
a.k.a. Binary, Warbird, Ms. Marvel
Carol Susan Jane Danvers
Former member of the Mighty Avengers (Initiative team). Becomes Second-in-Command in New Avengers #51. Current member of the main Avengers team. Former member.[3]

Spider-Woman
Jessica Merriam Drew
Joined the New Avengers after return from several years of Skrull captivity. Joined Sunspot's New Avengers in Avengers (vol. 5) #39.

Power Woman
a.k.a. Knightress, Jewel
Jessica Campbell Jones
New Avengers Annual #3 (December 2009)
Joined after helping to rescue Clint Barton from Norman Osborn.[4] Left the team in New Avengers (vol. 2) #24 due to concerns regarding her daughter's safety.

text: Heroic Age (2010)[edit]

text: New Avengers in the aftermath of the Siege.

text:
Character
Real name
Joined in
Notes

Thing
Benjamin "Ben" Jacob Grimm
New Avengers vol. 2 #1 (August 2010) [5]
Current member of the Fantastic Four.

text: Fear Itself (2011)[edit]

text:
Character
Real name
Joined in
Notes

Daredevil
Matthew "Matt" Michael Murdock
New Avengers vol. 2 #16 (September 2011)
Joined during the Fear Itself event

text: New Avengers (2013-2015)[edit]

text: The relaunched title doesn't feature the Avengers but the Illuminati. For members see under Illuminati

text: Time Runs Out (2015-present)[edit]

text: Following an eight-month timeskip, Sunspot assembles a new unit of New Avengers to help end the conflict between the Avengers and the Illuminati.

text:
Character
Real name
Joined in
Notes

Sunspot
Roberto da Costa
Avengers (vol. 5) #39 (February 2015)
Former member of the X-Men, New Mutants, and Avengers.

Cannonball
Sam Guthrie
Former member of the X-Men, New Mutants, and Avengers.

Black Widow
Natalia Alianovna Romanova
Former member of the main Avengers team.

Smasher
Isabel "Izzy" Kane
Maintains membership in both the New Avengers and the Shi'ar Imperial Guard.

Manifold
Eden Fesi
Former member of the Secret Warriors and the main Avengers team.

Validator
Michaud
Former member of Omega Flight.

Pod
Aikku Jokinen

Shang-Chi
Shang-Chi
Former member of the Marvel Knights, Heroes for Hire, and the main Avengers team.

text: All-New All-Different Marvel (2015-present)[edit]

text: After the All-New All-Different rebrand, Sunspot took control of A.I.M., and changed the name to Avengers Idea Mechanics. The team is established in a new volume of New Avengers written by Al Ewing.

text:
Character
Real name
Joined in
Notes

Wiccan
William "Billy" Kaplan
New Avengers vol. 4 #1
Founding member of the Young Avengers, son of the Scarlet Witch, fiancé of Hulkling

Hulkling
Theodore "Teddy" Altman/Dorrek VIII
Founding member of the Young Avengers, son of Captain Marvel and Anelle, fiancé of Wiccan

Songbird
Melissa Joan Gold
Former member of the Thunderbolts

Squirrel Girl
Doreen Green
Former member of the Great Lakes Avengers

White Tiger
Ava Ayala
Former member of the Mighty Avengers and Heroes for Hire

Power Man
Victor Alvarez
Former member of the Mighty Avengers and Heroes for Hire.


document_title: The Rocky Horror Picture Show

question_text: who lips are at the beginning of rocky horror

text: The Rocky Horror Picture Show

text: Plot[edit]

text: A criminologist narrates the tale of the newly engaged couple Brad Majors and Janet Weiss who find themselves lost and with a flat tire on a cold and rainy late November evening, somewhere near Denton, Texas. Seeking a telephone, the couple walk to a nearby castle where they discover a group of strange and outlandish people who are holding an Annual Transylvanian Convention. They are soon swept into the world of Dr. Frank N. Furter, a self-proclaimed "sweet transvestite from Transsexual, Transylvania". The ensemble of convention attendees also includes servants Riff Raff, his sister Magenta, and a groupie named Columbia.

text: In his lab, Frank claims to have discovered the "secret to life itself". His creation, Rocky, is brought to life. The ensuing celebration is soon interrupted by Eddie (an ex-delivery boy, both Frank and Columbia's ex-lover, as well as partial brain donor to Rocky) who rides out of a deep freeze on a motorcycle. Eddie then proceeds to seduce Columbia, get the Transylvanians dancing and singing and intrigue Brad and Janet. When Rocky starts dancing and enjoying the performance, a jealous Frank kills Eddie with a pick. Columbia screams in horror, devastated by Eddie's death. Frank justifies killing Eddie as a "mercy killing" to Rocky and they depart to the bridal suite.

text: Brad and Janet are shown to separate bedrooms, where each is visited and seduced by Frank, who poses as Brad (when visiting Janet) and then as Janet (when visiting Brad). Janet, upset and emotional, wanders off to look for Brad, who she discovers, via a television monitor, is in bed with Frank. She then discovers Rocky, cowering in his birth tank, hiding from Riff Raff, who has been tormenting him. While tending to his wounds, Janet becomes intimate with Rocky, as Magenta and Columbia watch from their bedroom monitor.

text: After discovering that his creation is missing, Frank returns to the lab with Brad and Riff Raff, where Frank learns that an intruder has entered the building. Brad and Janet's old high school science teacher, Dr. Everett Scott, has come looking for his nephew, Eddie. Frank suspects that Dr. Scott investigates UFOs for the government. Upon learning of Brad and Janet's connection to Dr. Scott, Frank suspects them of working for him. Frank, Dr. Scott, Brad, and Riff Raff then discover Janet and Rocky together under the sheets in Rocky's birth tank, upsetting Frank and Brad. Magenta interrupts the reunion by sounding a massive gong and stating that dinner is prepared.

text: Rocky and the guests share an uncomfortable dinner, which they soon realize has been prepared from Eddie's mutilated remains. Janet runs screaming into Rocky's arms, provoking Frank to chase her through the halls. Janet, Brad, Dr. Scott, Rocky, and Columbia all meet in Frank's lab, where Frank captures them with the Medusa Transducer, transforming them into nude statues. After dressing them in cabaret costume, Frank "unfreezes" them, and they perform a live cabaret floor show, complete with an RKO tower and a swimming pool, with Frank as the leader.

text: Riff Raff and Magenta interrupt the performance, revealing themselves and Frank to be aliens from the planet Transsexual in the galaxy of Transylvania. They stage a coup and announce a plan to return to their home planet. In the process, they kill Columbia and Frank, who has "failed his mission". An enraged Rocky gathers Frank in his arms, climbs to the top of the tower, and plunges to his death in the pool below. Riff Raff and Magenta release Brad, Janet, and Dr. Scott, then depart by lifting off in the castle itself. The survivors are then left crawling in the dirt, and the narrator concludes that the human race is equivalent to insects crawling on the planet's surface, "lost in time, and lost in space... and meaning".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tim Curry as Dr. Frank N. Furter, a scientist
Susan Sarandon as Janet Weiss, a heroine
Barry Bostwick as Brad Majors, a hero
Richard O'Brien as Riff Raff, a handyman
Patricia Quinn as Magenta, a domestic
Nell Campbell as Columbia, a groupie (credited as Little Nell)
Jonathan Adams as Dr. Everett V. Scott, a rival scientist
Peter Hinwood as Rocky Horror, a creation
Meat Loaf as Eddie, an ex-delivery boy
Charles Gray as the Criminologist, an expert
Jeremy Newson as Ralph Hapschatt
Hilary Farr as Betty Munroe (credited as Hilary Labow)

text: Production[edit]

text: Concept and development[edit]

text: Richard O'Brien was living as an unemployed actor in London during the early 1970s. He wrote most of The Rocky Horror Show during one winter just to occupy himself.[6][7] Since his youth, O'Brien had loved science fiction and B horror movies. He wanted to combine elements of the unintentional humour of B horror movies, portentous dialogue of schlock-horror, Steve Reeves muscle flicks, and fifties rock and roll into his musical.[8] O'Brien conceived and wrote the play set against the backdrop of the glam era that had manifested itself throughout British popular culture in the 1970s.[9] Allowing his concept to come into being, O'Brien states "glam rock allowed me to be myself more".[10]

text: O'Brien showed a portion of the unfinished script to Australian director Jim Sharman, who decided to direct it at the small experimental space Upstairs at the Royal Court Theatre, Sloane Square, Chelsea, London, which was used as a project space for new work.[6] O'Brien had appeared briefly in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Jesus Christ Superstar, directed by Sharman, and the two also worked together in Sam Shepard's The Unseen Hand. Sharman would bring in production designer Brian Thomson.[11] The original creative team was then rounded out by costume designer Sue Blane, musical director Richard Hartley, and stage producer Michael White, who was brought in to produce. As the musical went into rehearsal, the working title, They Came from Denton High, was changed just before previews at the suggestion of Sharman to The Rocky Horror Show.[6][12]

text: Having premiered in the small sixty-seat Royal Court Theatre, it quickly moved to larger venues in London, transferring to the 230-seat Chelsea Classic Cinema on Kings Road on 14 August 1973, before finding a quasi-permanent home at the 500-seat King's Road Theatre from 3 November 1973, running for six years.[13] The musical made its U.S. debut in Los Angeles in 1974 before being played in New York City as well as other cities.[11] Producer and Ode Records owner Lou Adler attended the London production in the winter of 1973, escorted by friend Britt Ekland. He immediately decided to purchase the U.S. theatrical rights. His production would be staged at his Roxy Theatre in L.A.[14] In 1975, The Rocky Horror Show premiered on Broadway at the 1,000-seat Belasco Theatre.[15]

text: Filming and locations[edit]

text: The film was shot at Bray Studios and Oakley Court, a country house near Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, and at Elstree Studios[16] for post production,[17] from 21 October to 19 December 1974. Oakley Court, built in 1857 in the Victorian Gothic style, is known for a number of Hammer films.[18][19] Much of the location shooting took place there, although at the time the manor was not in good condition.[20] Much of the cast were from the original London stage production, including Tim Curry, who had decided that Dr Frank N. Furter should speak like the Queen of England, extravagantly posh.[10] Fox insisted on casting the two characters of Brad and Janet with American actors, Barry Bostwick and Susan Sarandon.[11]  Filming took place during autumn, which made conditions worse. During filming, Sarandon fell ill with pneumonia.[8] Filming of the laboratory scene and the title character's creation occurred on 30 October 1974.[21]

text: The film is both a parody and tribute to many of the science fiction and horror movies from the 1930s up to the 1970s.[6] The film production retains many aspects from the stage version such as production design and music, but adds new scenes not featured in the original stage play.[11] The film's plot, setting, and style echo those of the Hammer Horror films, which had their own instantly recognizable style (just as Universal Studios' horror films did).[22] The originally proposed opening sequence was to contain clips of various films mentioned in the lyrics, as well as the first few sequences shot in black and white, but this was deemed too expensive and scrapped.[11]

text: Costumes, make-up, and props[edit]

text: In the stage productions, actors generally did their own make-up; however, for the film, the producers chose Pierre La Roche, who had previously been a make-up artist for Mick Jagger and David Bowie, to redesign the make-up for each character.[23] Production stills were taken by rock photographer Mick Rock, who has published a number of books from his work.[24] In Rocky Horror; From Concept to Cult, designer Sue Blane discusses the Rocky Horror costumes' influence on punk music style. "[It was a] big part of the build-up [to punk]." She states that ripped fishnet stockings, glitter, and coloured hair were directly attributable to Rocky Horror.[6]

text: Some of the costumes from the film had been originally used in the stage production. Props and set pieces were reused from old Hammer Horror productions and others. The tank and dummy used for Rocky's birth originally appeared in The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958). These references to earlier productions, in addition to cutting costs, enhanced the cult status of the film.[25]

text: Costume designer Sue Blane was not keen on working for the film until she became aware that Curry, an old friend, was committed to the project. Curry and Blane had worked together in Glasgow's Citizens Theatre in a production of The Maids, for which Curry had worn a woman's corset. Blane arranged for the theatre to loan her the corset from the other production for Rocky Horror.[26] Blane admits that she did not conduct research for her designing, had never seen a science fiction film, and is acutely aware that her costumes for Brad and Janet may have been generalizations.

text: "When I designed Rocky, I never looked at any science fiction movies or comic books. One just automatically knows what spacesuits look like, the same way one intuitively knows how Americans dress. I had never been to the United States, but I had this fixed idea of how people looked there. Americans wore polyester so their clothes wouldn't crease, and their trousers were a bit too short. Since they're very keen on sports, white socks and white T-shirts played an integral part in their wardrobe. Of course, since doing Rocky I have been to the United States and admit it was a bit of a generalization, but my ideas worked perfectly for Brad and Janet."[26]

text: The budget for the film's costumes was US$1,600,[26] far more than the stage production budget, but having to double up on costumes the film production was expensive. For filming, corsets for the finale had to be doubled for the pool scene, with one version drying while the other was worn on set. While many of the costumes are exact replicas from the stage productions, other costumes were new to filming, such as Columbia's gold sequined swallow-tail coat and top hat and Magenta's maid's uniform.[26]

text: Blane was amazed by the recreation and understanding of her designs by fans.[26] When she first heard that people were dressing up, she thought it would be tacky, but was surprised to see the depth to which the fans went to recreate her designs. Rocky Horror fan Mina Credeur, who designs costumes and performed as Columbia for Houston’s performance group, states that "the best part is when everyone leaves with a big smile on their face", noting that there's "such a kitschiness and campiness that it seems to be winking at you".[27] The film still plays at many theatre locations and Rocky Horror costumes are often made for Halloween, although many require much time and effort to make.[28]

text: Title sequence[edit]

text: The film starts with the screen fading to black and oversized, disembodied female lips appear overdubbed with a male voice,[25][29] establishing the androgynous theme to be repeated as the film unfolds.[30] The opening scene and song, "Science Fiction/Double Feature", consists of the lips of Patricia Quinn (who appears in the film later as the character Magenta (in addition to the latter, appeared as 'Trixie' the Usherette in the original London production who sang the song)), but has the vocals of actor and Rocky Horror creator, Richard O'Brien (who appears as Magenta's brother Riff Raff). The lyrics refer to science fiction and horror films of the past and list several film titles from the 1930s to the 1970s, including The Day the Earth Stood Still, Flash Gordon, The Invisible Man, King Kong, It Came from Outer Space, Doctor X, Forbidden Planet, Tarantula, The Day of the Triffids, Curse of the Demon, and When Worlds Collide.[6] A second film poster was created using a set of red, lipstick painted lips with the tagline "A Different Set of Jaws", a spoof of the poster for the film Jaws (which was also released in 1975).[25] The lips of Former Playboy model Lorelei Shark are featured on the poster.[31]

text: Music[edit]

text: The soundtrack was released in 1975 by Ode Records and produced by Richard Hartley. The album peaked at No. 49 on the Billboard 200 in 1978.[32] It reached No. 12 on the Australian albums chart[33] and No. 11 on the New Zealand albums chart.[34] The album is described as the "definitive version of the [Rocky Horror] score."[35]

text:
"Science Fiction/Double Feature" – The Lips (those of Patricia Quinn; voice of Richard O'Brien)
"Dammit Janet" – Brad, Janet, and Chorus
"There's a Light (Over at the Frankenstein Place)" – Janet, Brad, Riff Raff, and Chorus
"The Time Warp" – Riff Raff, Magenta, The Criminologist, Columbia, and Transylvanians
"Sweet Transvestite" – Frank
"The Sword of Damocles" – Rocky and Transylvanians
"I Can Make You a Man" – Frank with Brad, Janet, Riff Raff, Magenta, and Columbia
"Hot Patootie – Bless My Soul" – Eddie and Transylvanians
"I Can Make You a Man (Reprise)" – Frank, Janet, and Transylvanians
"Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch Me" – Janet with Magenta, Columbia, Rocky, Brad, Frank, and Riff Raff
"Once in a While" (deleted scene) – Brad
"Eddie" – Dr. Scott, The Criminologist, Janet, Columbia, Frank, Rocky, Brad, Riff Raff, and Magenta
"Planet Schmanet Janet (Wise Up Janet Weiss)" – Frank
"Planet Hot Dog" – Janet, Brad, and Dr. Scott
"Rose Tint My World" – Columbia, Rocky, Janet, and Brad
"Fanfare/Don't Dream It, Be It" – Frank with Brad, Janet, Rocky, and Columbia
"Wild and Untamed Thing" – Frank with Brad, Janet, Rocky, Columbia, and Riff Raff
"I'm Going Home" – Frank and Chorus
"The Time Warp (Reprise)" – Riff Raff and Magenta
"Super Heroes" (only present in the original UK release) – Brad, Janet, and Chorus
"Science Fiction/Double Feature (Reprise)" – The Lips

tag: ol

text: Release[edit]

text: The film opened in the United Kingdom at Rialto Theater in London 14 August 1975 and in the United States on 26 September at the UA Westwood in Los Angeles, California. It did well at that location, but not elsewhere.[36] Before the midnight screenings' success, the film was withdrawn from its eight opening cities due to very small audiences, and its planned New York City opening on Halloween night was cancelled.[37] Fox re-released the film around college campuses on a double-bill with another rock music film parody, Brian De Palma's Phantom of the Paradise, but again it drew small audiences.[37]

text: With Pink Flamingos (1972) and Reefer Madness (1936) making money in midnight showings nationwide, a Fox executive, Tim Deegan, was able to talk distributors into midnight screenings,[30] starting in New York City on April Fools' Day of 1976.[37] The cult following started shortly after the film began its midnight run at the Waverly Theater in New York City.,[36] then spread to other counties in NYC, and to Uniondale, L.I. Rocky Horror was not only found in the larger cities but throughout the United States where many attendees would get in free if they arrived in costume. The western division of the film's release included the U.A. Cinemas in Fresno and Merced, the Cinema J. in Sacramento, California, and the Covell in Modesto. In New Orleans, an early organised performance group was active with the release there as well as in such cities as Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Chicago (at the Biograph Theater). Before long nearly every screening of the film was accompanied by a live fan cast.[36]

text: The film is considered to be the longest-running release in film history.[38] It has never been pulled by 20th Century Fox from its original 1975 release, and it continues to play in cinemas.[39][40]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A Super 8 version of selected scenes of the film was made available.[41] In 1983, Ode Records released "The Rocky Horror Picture Show, Audience Par-Tic-I-Pation Album", recorded at the 8th Street Playhouse. The recording consisted of the film's audio and the standardised call-backs from the audience.[42]

text: A home video release was made available in 1987 in the UK.[43] In the US, the film (including documentary footage and extras) was released on VHS in November 8, 1990, retailing for $89.95.[44]

text: The film was released on DVD in 2000 for the film's 25th anniversary. A 35th Anniversary edition Blu-ray was released in the US on 19 October 2010. The disc includes a newly created 7.1 surround sound mix, the original theatrical mono sound mix, and a 4K/2K image transfer from the original camera negative. In addition, new content featuring karaoke and a fan performance were included.[45]

text: Reception, reaction and legacy[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert noted that when first released, The Rocky Horror Picture Show was "ignored by pretty much everyone, including the future fanatics who would eventually count the hundreds of times they'd seen it". He considered it more a "long-running social phenomenon" than a movie, rating it 2.5 out of 4 stars.[46] Bill Henkin noted that Variety thought that the "campy hijinks" of the film seemed labored, and also mentioned that the San Francisco Chronicle's John Wasserman, who had liked the stage play in London, found the film "lacking both charm and dramatic impact". Newsweek called the film "tasteless, plotless and pointless" in 1978.[47]

text: Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 80% based on 41 reviews.[48] A number of contemporary critics find it compelling and enjoyable because of its offbeat and bizarre qualities; the BBC summarised: "for those willing to experiment with something a little bit different, a little bit outré, The Rocky Horror Picture Show has a lot to offer".[49] The New York Times called it a "low-budget freak show/cult classic/cultural institution" and considered the songs featured in the film to be "catchy".[50] Geoff Andrew of Time Out noted that the "string of hummable songs gives it momentum, Gray's admirably straight-faced narrator holds it together, and a run on black lingerie takes care of almost everything else", rating it 4 out of 5 stars.[51] Dave Kehr of Chicago Reader on the other hand considered the wit to be "too weak to sustain a film" and thought that the "songs all sound the same".[52]

text: In 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[53][54]

text: Cult phenomenon[edit]

text: New York City origins[edit]

text: The Rocky Horror Picture Show helped shape conditions of cult film's transition from art-house to grind-house style.[55] The film developed a cult following in 1976 at the Waverly Theatre in New York, which developed into a standardised ritual. According to J. Hoberman, author of Midnight Movies, it was after five months into the film's midnight run when lines began to be shouted by the audience. Louis Farese Jr., a normally quiet teacher who, upon seeing the character Janet place a newspaper over her head to protect herself from rain, yelled, "Buy an umbrella, you cheap bitch". Originally Louis and other Rocky Horror pioneers, including Amy Lazarus, Theresa Krakauskas, and Bill O'Brian, did this to entertain each other, each week trying to come up with something new to make each other laugh. This quickly caught on with other theater goers and thus began this self-proclaimed "counter point dialogue", which became standard practice and was repeated nearly verbatim at each screening.[7] Performance groups became a staple at Rocky Horror screenings due in part to the prominent New York City fan cast.[36] The New York City cast was originally run by former schoolteacher and stand-up comic Sal Piro and his friend Dori Hartley. Hartley who portrayed Dr. Frank N. Furter, was one of several performers, including Will Kohler as Brad Majors, Nora Poses as Janet, and Lilias Piro as Magenta in a flexible rotating cast.[36] The performances of the audience was scripted and actively discouraged improvising, being conformist in a similar way to the repressed characters.[56]

text: On Halloween in 1976, people attended in costume and talked back to the screen, and by mid-1978, Rocky Horror was playing in over 50 locations on Fridays and Saturdays at midnight. Newsletters were published by local performance groups, and fans gathered for Rocky Horror conventions.[37] By the end of 1979, there were twice-weekly showings at over 230 theatres.[37] The National Fan Club was established in 1977 and later merged with the International Fan Club. The fan publication The Transylvanian printed a number of issues, and a semi-regular poster magazine was published as well as an official magazine.[55]

text: Los Angeles, Hollywood[edit]

text: The Los Angeles area performance groups originated in 1977 at the Fox Theatre, where Michael Wolfson won a look-alike contest as Frank N. Furter, and won another at the Tiffany Theater on Sunset Boulevard. Wolfson's group eventually performed in all of the L.A. area theaters screening Rocky Horror, including the Balboa Theater in Balboa, The Cove at Hermosa Beach, and The Sands in Glendale. He was invited to perform at the Sombrero Playhouse in Phoenix, Arizona.

text: At the Tiffany Theatre, the audience performance cast had the theater's full cooperation; the local performers entered early and without charge. The fan playing Frank for this theatre was a transgender performer,[36] D. Garret Gafford, who was out of work in 1978 and trying to raise the funds for a gender reassignment while spending the weekends performing at the Tiffany.[57] Presently, the live action rendition of The Rocky Horror Picture Show is available for attendance in various locations in Los Angeles, typically Saturday nights at Midnight.

text: San Francisco[edit]

text: In 1978 San Francisco, Rocky Horror moved from an earlier location to the Strand Theatre located near the Tenderloin on Market Street.[58] The performance group there, Double Feature/Celluloid Jam, was the first to act out and perform almost the entire film, unlike the New York cast at that time. The Strand cast was put together from former members of an early Berkeley group, disbanded due to less than enthusiastic management. Frank N. Furter was portrayed by Marni Scofidio, who, in 1979, attracted many of the older performers from Berkeley. Other members included Mishell Erickson and her twin sister Denise Erickson as Columbia and Magenta, Kathy Dolan as Janet, and Linda "Lou" Woods as Riff Raff. The Strand group performed at two large science fiction conventions in Los Angeles and San Francisco, were offered a spot at The Mabuhay, a local punk club, and performed for children's television of Argentina.[36]

text: Fan following[edit]

text: Rocky Horror is one of the last few western rites left that pertain to the carnivalesque.[59] Annual Rocky Horror conventions are held in varying locations lasting days. Tucson, Arizona has been host a number of times, including 1999 with "El Fishnet Fiesta", and "Queens of the Desert" held in 2006.[60] Vera Dika wrote that to the fans, Rocky Horror is ritualistic and comparable to a religious event, with a compulsive, repeated cycle of going home and coming back to see the film each weekend.[7] The audience call backs are similar to responses in church during a mass.[7] Many theatre troupes exist across the United States that produce shadow-cast performances where the actors play each part in the film in full costume and props as the movie plays on the big screen in a movie theatre.[61][62] These showings are typically once a week or once a month on a Saturday at midnight.

text: The film has a global following and remains popular.[63] Subcultures such as Rocky Horror have also found a place on the Internet.[64] Audience participation scripts for many cities are available to download on the Internet.[25] The Internet has a number of Rocky Horror fan-run websites with various quizzes and information specializing in different content allowing fans to participate at a unique level.[30]

text: Cultural influence[edit]

text: The Rocky Horror Picture Show has been featured in a number of other feature films and television series over the years. Episodes of The Simpsons, The Venture Bros., The Boondocks, Glee, The Drew Carey Show, That '70s Show, and American Dad! spotlight Rocky Horror, as do films such as Vice Squad, Halloween II (2009), and The Perks of Being a Wallflower.[44] The 1980 film Fame featured the audience reciting their callback lines to the screen and dancing the Time Warp,[65] the dance from the stage show and film, which has become a novelty dance at parties.[66]

text: "The Rocky Horror Glee Show" aired on 26 October 2010, as part of the second season of the TV series Glee, which recreated several scenes from the film, including the opening credits. It featured Barry Bostwick and Meat Loaf in cameo roles.[67]

text: "Bisexuality, The Rocky Horror Picture Show, and Me", by Elizabeth Reba Weise, is a piece in Bi Any Other Name: Bisexual People Speak Out (1991), an anthology edited by Loraine Hutchins and Lani Ka'ahumanu which is one of the seminal books[68][69] in the history of the modern bisexual rights movement.[70]

text: The Rocky Horror Picture Show remains a cultural phenomenon in both the U.S. and U.K.[71][72] Cult film participants are often people on the fringe of society that find connection and community at the screenings,[73] although the film attracts fans of differing backgrounds all over the world.[74]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: In 1981, Sharman reunited with O'Brien to do Shock Treatment, a stand-alone feature that was not a direct sequel to the original film.[2] This film reunites characters Brad and Janet and was originally conceived and written to depict the characters filmed in normal settings until the production changed to work around a Screen Actor's Guild strike. The eventual production would now entail the full film being shot entirely within a sound stage and purposely blending that into the story line. Shock Treatment has a cult following but not nearly as strong as the first film, and was a commercial failure in no small part due to the principal cast of Curry, Sarandon and Bostwick not returning.[75]

text: Ten years later, O'Brien wrote another script intended as a direct sequel to the cult classic entitled Revenge of the Old Queen.[76] Producer Michael White had hoped to begin work on the production and described the script as being "in the same style as the other one. It has reflections of the past in it."[77] Although the script has not been published, bootleg copies can be read on the Internet. The script is currently owned by Fox, which produced the two original films. Most individuals associated with the project, including O'Brien, agree that the film will probably never be made, owing to the failure of Shock Treatment and the aging of the cast.[78]

text: In 2015, O'Brien produced Shock Treatment for the theatrical stage. The production premiered at the King’s Head theatre in Islington, London in the United Kingdom in the spring of 2015.[79][80]

text: Remake[edit]

text: On 10 April 2015, it was announced that the Fox Broadcasting Company would air a modern-day reimagining of the film, titled The Rocky Horror Picture Show: Let's Do the Time Warp Again.[81][82] On 22 October 2015, it was announced that the role of Dr. Frank N. Furter would be played by actress Laverne Cox.[83] Ryan McCartan and Victoria Justice play the roles of Brad and Janet, alongside Reeve Carney as Riff Raff and singer/model Staz Nair as Rocky.[84] Adam Lambert portrays Eddie.[85] Tim Curry, who portrayed Dr. Frank N. Furter in the film, portrays the Criminologist.[86] On 1 February 2016, it was announced that Broadway veteran Annaleigh Ashford would portray Columbia.[87] On 5 February 2016, Ben Vereen joined the cast as Dr. Everett von Scott.[88]

text: Kenny Ortega, best known for the High School Musical franchise and Michael Jackson's This Is It, directed, choreographed and executive-produced the remake; Lou Adler, who was an executive producer of the original film, has the same role for the new film. The film premiered on Fox on 20 October 2016.[89]