document_title: AFL Grand Final

question_text: what is the prize money for winning the afl grand final

question_tokens: what is the prize money for winning the afl grand final

text: AFL Grand Final

text: Game history[edit]

text: 1897–1901: Origins[edit]

text: The concept of a "grand" final gradually evolved from experimentation by the Victorian Football League (VFL) in the initial years of competition following its inception in 1897. During the 19th century, Australian football competition adopted the approach that the team on top of the ladder at the end of the home-and-away series was declared the premiers. However, the fledgling VFL decided that a finals series played between the top four teams at the end of the season would generate more interest and gate money. For 1897, the VFL scheduled a round robin tournament whereby the top four played each other once and the team that won the most matches was declared the winner.

text: However, this method had flaws, so the VFL continued to experiment, playing "section" matches after the regular season and then a finals series where first on the ladder played the third team and second met fourth. The winners of these "semi" finals then met in a final to decide the premiership. The first such final was contested in 1898 between the Essendon Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club at the St Kilda Cricket Ground, which Fitzroy won scoring 5.8 (38) to Essendon's 3.5 (23).

text: The second finals format was ultimately discarded by the VFL after the unsatisfactory conclusion to the 1900 VFL season, where Melbourne won the premiership after having finished sixth out of the eight teams after the home-and-away season (ahead of Carlton and St Kilda) with a record of 6-8.

text: The new finals system caused problems in 1901 when Geelong finished on top of the ladder but was immediately eliminated when defeated in the semi final. A "right of challenge" was introduced, giving the team that finished on top at the end of the regular season (the minor premier) the right to challenge if they lost the semi final or the final. This challenge match came to be called the "grand final". The first four grand finals were scattered around various Melbourne venues: one at Albert Park, two at St Kilda's Junction Oval and one at the East Melbourne Cricket Ground. The selection of the venue could depend on the portion of the gate demanded by the ground's landlords.

text: 1902–1914: MCG move[edit]

text: The public remained ambivalent to the concept of finals football until the VFL pulled off a coup in 1902. Previously, the MCG was unavailable to football in the early spring months as it was being prepared for the coming cricket season. The VFL convinced the Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC) to rent the ground for the finals series and the first grand final at what is today considered the home of the game attracted more than 35,000 people to watch Collingwood down Essendon. The success of the finals at the MCG was proven with big attendances every year, and soon all the major competitions around Australia were employing what was known as the "amended Argus system"  of finals. The "original Argus system" had been instituted by the VFL in 1901, the amended system was instituted by the VFL in 1902.

text: By 1908, a new record attendance of 50,261 was set, on a day when the crowd was so huge that it broke through the fence and filed onto the ground, sitting around the boundary line to watch the action. This figure was beaten in the 1912 Grand Final when 54,463 saw Essendon defeat South Melbourne. The big finals crowds (and increasing cricket attendances) prompted the MCC to cut down the eleven fifty-year-old elm trees inside the ground and turn the stadium into a concrete bowl, complete with extra stands and standing room. The record fell again in the last grand final before World War I, when the excitement of St Kilda's first premiership attempt drew 59,479 spectators.

text: 1915–1930: World War I and the end of the challenge final system[edit]

text: The war had a considerable effect on the impact of the grand final and attendances plummeted. One critic called for the Carlton team to receive the Iron Cross after they defeated Collingwood in the thrilling 1915 Grand Final, ironically dubbed a "glorious contest" by famous coach Jack Worrall. But many diggers supported the continuance of the game, and both the 1918 and 1919 grand finals were notable for the large number of Australian servicemen in attendance, many of whom wore uniform.

text: During the 1920s, the VFL grappled with the problems associated with the "amended Argus system", specifically that a true grand final was not played if the minor premier won both the semi final and the final. Although new attendance records were set in 1920 and 1922, these were for the semi finals, which often drew bigger crowds than the grand final.

text: There was no grand final in 1924; a once-off finals system was trialled, in which the top four contested a round robin, with the top team from the round robin to face the minor premiers in a grand final if required; but, when minor premiers Essendon also won the round robin, no grand final was staged.[3]

text: The league reverted to the "amended Argus system" for 1925, when the grand final attracted a new record crowd of 64,288: the match was Geelong's first VFL premiership win, and a huge contingent from Victoria's second city descended on the MCG to watch their team make history. From 1927 until 1930, Collingwood won four premierships in a row, which remains the league record.

text: In 1927, 1928 and 1930, the biggest crowd of the year was again drawn to the semi final and not to the grand final. This, coupled with the perception that the minor premier could find losing its semi-final to be advantageous, resulted in the league abandoning the amended Argus system after 1931, replacing it with the Page–McIntyre system.[4]

text: 1931–1939: New finals system and start of a golden age[edit]

text: The Page playoff system (or 'final four") was introduced for 1931, whereby the semi finals (1 v 2 and 3 v 4) were followed by the preliminary final and then the grand final, with the right of challenge abolished. This proved satisfactory to all, and the new system ushered in a golden age for the grand final.

text: New records were constantly set and when 75,754 attended the 1933 Grand Final between South Melbourne and Richmond, it started the MCC thinking of expansion again. Just months earlier, cricket attendance records were shattered during the "bodyline" series between Australia and England. The MCC decided to build the southern stand, which enclosed almost half the ground and was completed in 1937. That year, the Geelong-Collingwood grand final attracted 88,540 and the spectators were sitting five deep along the boundary line. Somehow, the following year, 96,834 people turned up and squashed in to watch the Magpies take on Carlton. At the time, Melbourne's population was about one million, which meant that on grand final day, almost one tenth of the city was at the game.

text: 1940–1953: World War II and after[edit]

text: Football served as a distraction for people on the home front during the war, particularly during the darkest days between 1941 and 1943. The Australian government requisitioned a number of VFL grounds, including the MCG. Therefore, the grand final was staged at Princes Park (Carlton) in 1942, 1943 and 1945, and at St Kilda's Junction Oval in 1944 when Fitzroy won its last premiership on the second hottest grand final day on record. The 1943 clash was a thrilling contest, Richmond defeating Essendon by five points. The 1942 and 1945 matches were marred by violence, and the latter game has gone down in history as "the "Bloodbath". An amazing crowd of 62,986 crammed into the Carlton ground for this game, which was played just weeks after the armistice with Japan was declared.

text: So when the MCG was finally relinquished by the government in August 1946, there was great expectation in the buildup to the grand final, where Essendon booted a record score to defeat Melbourne. Attendances were back to 1930s levels by 1947 and 85,815 turned up to see Carlton beat Essendon by a solitary point; a similar crowd a year later watched the Bombers and Demons play the first draw in grand final history. Melbourne won the replay the following week. The sight of thousands sitting between the fence and the boundary line, first seen in the late 1930s, was now usual at the grand final. Spectators were admitted on a first-come basis, and thousands took to lining up outside the stadium in the days before the match to gain the best vantage point when the gates opened on the morning of the match. Some reservations were raised about spectator safety as the MCG was clearly being filled above its capacity.

text: 1954–1961: Melbourne Olympic Games and ticketing[edit]

text: As the MCG would be used as the main stadium for the 1956 Olympic Games, the ground was upgraded again with a new stand and extra capacity. Construction work restricted the crowd at the 1954 Grand Final when 80,897 people saw Footscray win their historic first flag. Eight thousand more witnessed the 1955 Grand Final, before the stand was fully completed. The 1956 Grand Final was seen as a dry run for the opening ceremony of the games two months later, but no one was prepared for the outcome. Officially, 115,802 fans turned out to see Melbourne take on Collingwood for the second year in a row, but contemporary reports state that anywhere between twenty and thirty thousand people were turned away. Some gained admittance by storming the gates, while others perched precariously on the roof of the southern stand. The old record had been shattered by almost 19,000 but the chaos outside the ground prompted the VFL to introduce a ticketing system for the first time.

text: Attendances now hovered around the 100,000 mark during the coming years. Melbourne dominated the era with seven straight grand final appearances (for five flags), playing Collingwood three times and Essendon twice. The 1958 Grand Final, when Collingwood upset a Melbourne team attempting to equal the Magpies' proud record of four consecutive premierships, was arguably the greatest upset recorded in the biggest game of all. The Demons made amends by winning the next year, when the premiership cup was presented for the first time. Previously, the crowd descended on the arena at the end of the game, and the players were variously chaired off the ground or walked to the dressing room. The presentation of the cup gave the after-match a ceremonial focus and allowed the attention to settle on the premier team.

text: Following the 1956 introduction of television to Australia, there were repeated calls for the grand final to be telecast live, but the VFL refused on the basis that the crowd numbers might be affected. A delayed telecast was allowed for the 1961 Grand Final, when Hawthorn won for the first time, but thereafter only a videotaped replay was shown.

text: 1962–1983: Second golden age[edit]

text: In contrast to the 1950s when a few teams were monopolising grand final places, the 1960s was a decade of variety. Between 1961 and 1968, seven teams won the flag and a number of classic encounters were played. In the 1964 grand final, a thrilling finish enabled Melbourne to win their last premiership to date by four points. Two years later, in arguably one of the most famous grand finals of them all, St Kilda won their only premiership by one point, and their players went for an impromptu lap of honour with the cup, a tradition that endures. In the 1967 grand final, Geelong and Richmond played a match of the highest standard, with the Tigers winning in the last minutes to end a long premiership drought. The next season, Carlton also ended a long run without success and set a record as the only winning team to score fewer goals than the opposition as they defeated Essendon by three points.

text: By now, the MCG had been expanded again so that record crowds were set in 1968, 1969 and 1970. In what is commonly referred to as the greatest of all-time, the 1970 grand final saw Carlton come back from a 44-point half time deficit to beat Collingwood; it was watched by an all-time record crowd of 121,696 people. Most of the matches during this period had something to remember: Hawthorn's comeback to win in 1971, Carlton's record score in the highest scoring grand final ever played in 1972, Richmond's two wins over Carlton in 1969 and 1973 in very physical encounters, and North Melbourne's first grand final victory in 1975 . In the memorable 1977 grand final, North Melbourne came from 27 points down at three quarter time to play the second drawn grand final in history (the first since 1948). The momentum continued on the first Saturday in October 1977, when they defeated Collingwood in the replay.

text: After the 1981 grand final, the old scoreboard was removed to Manuka Oval. The MCG installed a new electronic colour scoreboard in 1982.[5]

text: By the start of the early 1980s, Collingwood had lost eight grand finals in a row since winning its 1958 premiership. The term "Colliwobbles" began to be used at this time to describe the team's inability to win grand finals.

text: 1982–1999: National team competition[edit]

text: The 1980s saw a sustained period of dominance by Hawthorn, who appeared in every grand final from 1983 to 1989, winning four of them in 1983, 1986, and back to back in 1988 and in 1989 contest. The 1989 Grand Final, a high scoring and very physical encounter in which Hawthorn defeated Geelong by six points, is considered to be one of the greatest of all time.

text: With the transformation of the VFL into the Australian Football League in 1990, and the move to a truly national competition, there emerged a new era in which non-Victorian based clubs now competed for the Premiership. Collingwood won the inaugural AFL Premiership in 1990. Between 1992 and 2006, non-Victorian clubs won ten out of fifteen premierships. The first club to achieve the feat was West Coast in 1992 and 1994, and Adelaide won back-to-back premierships in 1997 and 1998. North Melbourne was the only other club to win two grand finals in the 1990s, 1996 and 1999 respectively, as no team dominated the era.

text: 21st century[edit]

text: Beginning in 2001, the Brisbane Lions won three consecutive grand finals, with its nine-point win against Collingwood in 2002 the closest of the three matches. In 2004, Port Adelaide defeated Brisbane Lions in the first grand final ever played between two non-Victorian teams. The 2005 and 2006 grand finals were played between Sydney and West Coast, with each winning one premiership by less than a goal; the 2005 match is remembered for the strong defensive mark taken by Sydney's Leo Barry in the dying seconds.

text: The years 2007 to 2011 saw a dominant Geelong appear in four out of five grand finals, winning three premierships. The only match to not feature Geelong was in 2010, when Collingwood and St Kilda played the third draw in grand final history, with Collingwood winning the subsequent replay by 56 points.

text: After 2011, Hawthorn established itself as a dominant force, finishing runners up to Sydney in 2012 then winning the 2013, 2014 and 2015 premierships against Fremantle, Sydney and West Coast.

text: On 19 April 2016, the AFL announced that drawn grand finals will be resolved by the use of two five minute extra time periods, with the siren not being sounded to end the second period until the tie is broken, abolishing the use of a full replay.[6]

text: On 12 April 2018, the AFL, Victorian Government and Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC) announced that the Melbourne Cricket Ground would continue to host the grand final until at least 2057.[7]

text: Notable grand finals[edit]

text:
1903 – Late in the last quarter, Fitzroy skipper Gerald Brosnan marked a pass from teammate Percy Trotter about thirty metres from goal with his team three points behind Collingwood. As he went back to line up his kick, the final bell rang. Brosnan's shot missed, but was so close that a Collingwood defender later claimed that he could hear the ball's lace brush the goal post.
1910 – A massive brawl broke out between Collingwood and Carlton players during the last quarter. A number of players were felled and four players were reported (the first in grand Final history), yet the fight kept going. Umpire Jack Elder settled matters by blowing his whistle and bouncing the ball. Most of the combatants looked on, stunned, as the game recommenced without them, so they had no option but to forget about the fight. The match is generally considered to have initiated the long-standing rivalry between the two clubs.
1913 – Playing in their first grand final, St Kilda struggled, kicking just one goal in the first three quarters against Fitzroy. But they came charging home in the last by closing a 25-point gap to one point with a few minutes remaining. A St Kilda player marked very close to goal on an angle and made a bad mistake by following a pre-game tactic of handballing. His intended target was covered, the Saints lost the ball and Fitzroy booted two goals to seal the match.
1914 – With South Melbourne making a late charge at Carlton, the Blues led by six points when a long kick into South's goal square was contested by a pack of players. Just metres from the goal mouth, Ern Jamieson, Carlton's full back leaped straight into Tom Bollard's back, but Umpire Harry Rawle called play on and the ball was cleared. Moments later, the final bell rang. Had Bollard received a free and kicked it from point-blank range, the game would have ended in the first finals draw.
1918 – Collingwood had hit the front by a single point. In the final minute of play, South Melbourne went forward and a long kick into the teeth of goal by Gerald Ryan of South spilled from a pack of players. South Melbourne rover Chris Laird came rushing through and rather than attempt to pick the ball up, soccered it off the ground for a goal that won the game.
1921 – Richmond led Carlton by four points in a low scoring game played on a very wet day. Both teams were covered in mud as Carlton mounted a series of attacks in an attempt to get a winning goal. In the dying minute, a Carlton player passed toward teammate Alec Duncan, who was close to goal. Somehow, Richmond's Max Hislop hurtled across to Duncan and punched the ball from his grasp to save the premiership for the Tigers.
1927 – Collingwood defeated Richmond in atrocious conditions, 2.13 (25) to 1.7 (13). It was the lowest scoring game, grand final or otherwise, played during the 20th century.
1930 – Collingwood won its record fourth consecutive VFL grand final in succession, the 'Machine Team', under the tutelage of the legendary Jock McHale, creating a record which has not been matched in ensuing seasons.
1935 – Star full forward Bob Pratt was forced to withdraw from the grand final after he was hit by a truck in trying to cross the road the day before the game. Pratt had booted 362 goals in three seasons. Without him the Swans lost to Collingwood by 20 points, despite having as many scoring shots as the Magpies.
1945 – Known as 'the bloodbath', the game was marred by constant brawling and fighting. Carlton defeated South Melbourne 15.13 (103) to 10.15 (75); ten players were reported and received a combined 73 weeks of suspension.
1948 – In the first drawn grand final, Essendon's inaccurate kicking led them to draw 7.27 (69) to Melbourne's 10.9 (69). Melbourne easily won the replay 13.11 (89) to Essendon's 7.8 (50).
1958 – A Collingwood outfit which had been badly beaten by Melbourne only two weeks earlier held sway in an 18-point victory over Melbourne to deny the Demons a fourth consecutive premiership, successfully defending their club's record of four consecutive premierships.
1960 – After an historic six consecutive years at the top of the ladder at the end of the home-and-away season, Melbourne won their 5th premiership in seven years, with a convincing win over Collingwood in wet conditions, in which the Demons more than quadrupled the Magpies' score 8.14 (62) to Collingwood's 2.2 (14).
1961 – In their first grand final, Hawthorn defeated Footscray to claim their first VFL/AFL premiership. This was, until 2016, the last grand final for the  Bulldogs.
1964 – Collingwood, playing Melbourne, looked set for a victory in the last quarter after Ray Gabelich's goal put them up by two points. Back pocket Neil Crompton kicked his first goal in 5 years to snatch back the lead and the match for Melbourne by 4 points, just moments from the final siren.
1966 – St Kilda won their first premiership in 69 years of competition, defeating Collingwood by a solitary point. With only moments left, the two sides were locked level. Finally, Barry Breen snapped the point that gave the club its first and to date only premiership in its history.
1970 – Carlton makes history by overcoming a 44-point deficit at half-time to defeat Collingwood by 10 points by the final siren. Alex Jesaulenko takes the Mark of the Year late in the second quarter, and the attendance of 121,696 remains the largest crowd of all time.
1972 – Carlton and Richmond scored a combined 50.27 (327) under the changing brand of football, then the highest scoring game of all time, and still the highest-scoring grand final of all-time.
1975 – North Melbourne win their first grand final – the last of the 12 VFL teams to do so.
1977 – The first grand final to be televised live resulted in a draw between North Melbourne and Collingwood. In a grand final replay the following week, North Melbourne was victorious.
1979 – Carlton defeats Collingwood by five points. Wayne Harmes (Carlton) was awarded the inaugural Norm Smith Medal as best on field; Harmes famously tapped the ball from the boundary line to the goal square for his teammate, Ken Sheldon, to kick the winning goal.
1982 – Maurice Rioli (Richmond) became the first player to win the Norm Smith Medal despite being on the losing team.
1989 – The grand final between Hawthorn and Geelong was one of the closest and hardest fought in years, and nicknamed the "Battle of '89". Noted for its toughness, the game saw injuries and incidents involving Dermott Brereton (famously knocked out by a solid shirtfront from Mark Yeates but continued to play) and Robert DiPierdomenico (played three quarters with a punctured lung), and many players were hospitalised after the game.
1990 – Collingwood broke a 32-year drought and ended the famous "Colliwobbles", winning the first grand final of the new AFL era.
1991 – Due to the major construction of the Southern Stand at the MCG, the grand final was played at VFL Park.
1992 – West Coast became the first non-Victorian team to win a premiership, defeating Geelong by 28 points.
1996 – North Melbourne defeat the Sydney Swans and receive the only gold-coloured premiership cup in history when the league commemorates the AFL/VFL's 100th season.
1998 – In defeating North Melbourne, Adelaide won back-to-back premierships in their second year under Malcolm Blight, becoming first club in modern times[8] to win the premiership after finishing lower than fourth on the premiership ladder after the home-and-away season. Andrew McLeod won the Norm Smith Medal for the second consecutive year, the first to achieve the feat.
2003 – Brisbane defeated Collingwood by 50 points to win its third premiership in a row, the first club to achieve the feat since Melbourne in 1955–1957, and the first interstate club to achieve this.
2005 – Sydney defeated West Coast by four points in a tight, low scoring game to win their first premiership since 1933 (when they were South Melbourne), ending a record drought of 72 years. A late, game-saving pack mark in defence by Leo Barry became an iconic finals moment.
2007 – Geelong defeated Port Adelaide by a grand final record margin of 119 points to win their first premiership since 1963.
2010 – The grand final between St Kilda and Collingwood was drawn, the third drawn grand final in VFL/AFL history. Collingwood won the grand final replay the following week by 56 points, breaking a 20-year premiership drought in the process. This proved to be the last replayed grand final, as from 2016 forward the AFL announced that drawn grand finals would be decided on the day through the use of extra time.
2015 – Hawthorn became just the second club in the modern era to win three premierships in a row, defeating the West Coast Eagles in the hottest conditions ever recorded for a VFL/AFL grand final.
2016 – The Western Bulldogs (Footscray) appeared in their first grand final since 1961 against the Sydney Swans, winning three consecutive finals from a record seventh position on the ladder to progress through to the grand final. The Western Bulldogs defeated the Sydney Swans by 22 points, winning their first premiership since 1954.

text: Qualification and prize[edit]

text: The two grand finalists qualify via finals series play-offs at the end of the season. In the current system, the eight teams finishing highest on the ladder after all the home and away rounds qualify for the four-week-long finals series culminating in the grand final. The team that finishes the regular season at the top of the ladder is said to have won the minor premiership and, since 1991, has been awarded the McClelland Trophy.

text: Flag[edit]

text: The premiers are awarded the "premiership flag", a large pennant which is unfurled at the premiers' first home game of the following season. The current flag is blue with the AFL logo, the word "premiers" and the year of the premiership. Although the cup features much more prominently in celebrations immediately following the grand final, the flag has far greater symbolic significance.

text: This is reflected in football parlance, in which speaking of a team winning the flag rather than the cup is much more common: this is possibly the result of history, as the presentation of a flag first occurred in 1895 when the VFA recognised Fitzroy's first premiership win, while the cup was not introduced until 1959 (retrospective cups were awarded by the AFL in 2010 for VFL/AFL premierships in 1897 to 1958).

text: Trophies[edit]

text: The winner of the grand final is presented with the AFL premiership cup. The current premiership cup is silver (with the exception of 1996, when a gold cup was awarded instead of the usual silver one in recognition of the AFL/VFL's 100th season) and manufactured by Cash's International at their metalworks in Frankston, Victoria.

text: The cup was first introduced in 1959 by the VFL, and the AFL has since retrospectively awarded all prior premiership winners trophies based on the current design. Before the 1960s, premiership players received a personal premiership trophy instead of a medallion.

text: The premier is also recorded on the perpetual E. L. Wilson Shield, which resides at AFL House.[9]  The shield, inaugurated in 1929, was named after Edwin Lionel Wilson, who was the secretary of the Victorian Football League from its inception in 1897 until his retirement in 1929. It was initially discontinued after 1978, when there was no room remaining on the shield for more teams.

text: In 2016, the shield was rediscovered under a stairwell at AFL House. It was refurbished, with extra space being added to bring the shield up to date, and it was reintroduced as a premiership trophy.[10]

text: Prize money[edit]

text: Prize money is awarded to the victorious club.

text: However the amount is probably not reflective of the magnitude of participating in the event. It is often assumed simply that the winner of the premiership typically experiences an increase in revenue through increases in membership and merchandise sales.

text: The current cash prize for the winning club is A$1 million. Before 2006, a cash prize to the winning club of A$200,000 was awarded (In contrast, the winner of the NAB Cup, the far less important pre-season competition which was held from 1998 to 2013, was awarded a similar amount, A$210,000). Following the Sydney Swans premiership in 2005, many clubs publicly questioned the prize money,[11]  which had not increased significantly for many years and barely covered the cost of participation in the finals series.

text: Before the grand final[edit]

text: Brownlow Medal[edit]

text: The Chas Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal, is the medal awarded to the "fairest and best" player in the Australian Football League during the regular season (i.e. not including finals matches) as decided upon by umpires. It was named after a Geelong player and long-serving administrator who was the main advocate in establishing the Victorian Football League,  Charles Brownlow. It is awarded at a special dinner on the Monday night before the grand final, recently at the Crown Casino in Melbourne.

text: Grand final parade[edit]

text: Since 1977, a grand final parade featuring the players from each team has been held around midday on the Friday before each grand final. The parade was adopted from a tradition which had begun decades earlier in the amateur VAFA, and it became increasingly popular during the 1980s.

text: From its inception until 2014, the parade was based in the Melbourne city centre, usually proceeding from St Kilda Road along the city's main thoroughfares Swanston Street, turning into Collins Street, and ending at the steps outside the Old Treasury Building. The parade featured the players from the competing sides. The players have in the past appeared on parade floats; in recent times it has become a motorcade of open-top vehicles (weather permitting).[12]

text: When the Friday of the parade was declared a public holiday in Victoria in 2015, the AFL determined that the traditional city route no longer made sense with most office buildings set to be vacant. The route now begins at the Old Treasury Building, heads south down Spring St, east along Wellington Parade, and ends within Yarra Park outside the MCG.[13]

text: Since 2007, the parades have generally attracted in excess of 100,000 fans each year (except in inclement weather).[14][15] Crowds have historically been smaller in years when no Victorian clubs contested the grand final – such as between 2004 and 2006, when crowds ranged only from 40,000 to 75,000.[16][17][18] A record crowd of 150,000 people attended the first public holiday parade in 2015.[19]

text: Grand Final Breakfast[edit]

text: The North Melbourne Grand Final Breakfast has been held annually since 1967. Various football personalities, and politicians are in attendance for a lead up to the grand final. It is broadcast live on Fox Footy.

text: The first Grand Final Breakfast was held in 1967 at the Southern Cross hotel, as a valuable fundraising event. The inaugural guest speaker was the VFL's Administrative director Eric McCutchan. The event rose to prominence in the 1970s when the breakfast began to be televised across Victoria, and was officially endorsed by the VFL as the official pre-match Grand Final function. Since then the event has grown into a significant money raiser for North Melbourne, and the guest list has grown to include Prime Ministers, State Premiers and other celebrities.

text: Although many clubs hold their own Grand Final Breakfasts, the North Melbourne Breakfast was the first breakfast and is currently the only breakfast to be officially endorsed by the AFL. This ensures a guest list that reads as a 'who's who' of Australian business, sport, entertainment and politics. The breakfast includes a Grand Auction, with all proceeds being donated to the Starlight Children's Foundation.

text: Pre-match entertainment[edit]

text: Many big Australian and international stars have performed or appeared as pre-match entertainment at the grand final. The game has often been criticised for poor pre-game entertainment; in particular, performances by Angry Anderson in 1991(half time entertainment) and Meat Loaf in 2011 have been singled out as poor performances by the entertainers involved.[20][21]

text: Each team's club song is performed live as part of the pre-match entertainment (with the recorded version also played as the team enters the field). For a time, many or all of a selection of traditional football and Australian songs (Up There Cazaly, One Day in September, That's the Thing About Football, Holy Grail and Waltzing Matilda) were performed each year, although this has fallen out of favour.

text: Advance Australia Fair is performed when teams and the umpires are on the field, and lined up on the wing.

text: Halftime and post-match entertainment[edit]

text: In addition to having pre-match entertainment, the AFL grand final has also included half-time and post-match entertainment. The post-match entertainment that follows the grand final takes place after the presentations and player celebrations have concluded, and unlike the main match, is free and open to the general public, with anybody invited to attend, regardless of whether they attended the match or not.[22] Since 2012, the post-match shows are sponsored by Virgin Australia, with the post-match shown named the Virgin Australia Premiership Party as a result.[23] The post-match entertainment has been provided by Paul Kelly and The Temper Trap (2012), Hunters and Collectors and Birds of Tokyo (2013), Ed Sheeran and Sir Tom Jones (2014), Chris Issak, Ellie Goulding and Ryan Adams (2015), Vance Joy, Sting and The Living End (2016), The Killers (2017), Black Eyed Peas and Jimmy Barnes (2018).[24]

text: Half-time entertainment has been absent since the 2014 AFL Grand Final, with the entertainment occurring pre-match.

text: Sprint race[edit]

text: Since 1977 a running race has taken place on grand final day between various players who are not taking part in the game. In 1977–78 it was a long-distance race run over a mile with each league club able to nominate up to two entrants. In 1979 the race was changed to a 100 m sprint with one player per club taking part.[25]

text: Between 1979–87 the two clubs participating in the grand final had the option of providing one of their players who missed selection in the match, but generally chose not to do so, meaning the sprint was usually contested by a field of 10 players during this era.

text: The race was not held from 1988 to 2001 but was reintroduced in 2002 (along with a goalkicking contest, which only lasted one year). With the number of league clubs having grown to 16 during the break in competition, a new format was adopted with the players now split into two groups of eight for the heats (held before the grand final), with the top four from each heat advancing to the final (held at half-time of the grand final). In recent years a handicapping system has also been introduced; however this has not been used since the 2013 grand final.

text:
Year
Sprint winner
Football club

1979
Geoff Ablett
Hawthorn

1980
Geoff Ablett
Hawthorn

1981
Geoff Ablett
Hawthorn

1982
Michael Conlan
Fitzroy

1983
Frank Marchesani
Carlton

1984
Douglas Cox
Essendon

1985
Geoff Ablett
St Kilda

1986
Sprint not held
Sprint not held

1987
Russell Richards
Melbourne

1988–2001
Sprint not held
Sprint not held

2002
Jared Crouch
Sydney

2003
James Walker
Fremantle

2004
James Walker
Fremantle

2005
Brett Deledio
Richmond

2006
Brendan Fevola
Carlton

2007
Jake King
Richmond

2008
Matthew White
Richmond

2009
Rhys Stanley
St Kilda

2010
Luke Miles
St Kilda

2011
Patrick Dangerfield
Adelaide

2012
Patrick Dangerfield
Adelaide

2013
Patrick Dangerfield
Adelaide

2014
Jordan Murdoch
Geelong

2015
Majak Daw
North Melbourne

2016
James Shirley
Murrumbeena

2017
Connor Menadue
Richmond

2018
Godfrey Okereneyang
Coolamon

text: Venue and schedule[edit]

text: The grand final has always been played in Melbourne on a Saturday afternoon, and all but nine have been played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

text: The venues used on the other nine occasions were:

text:
St Kilda Cricket Ground – 1898, 1899 and 1944 (due to the MCG housing US troops during World War II)
East Melbourne Cricket Ground – 1900
South Melbourne Cricket Ground – 1901
Princes Park – 1942, 1943 and 1945 (due to the MCG housing US troops during World War II)
Waverley Park – 1991 (due to construction work on the Great Southern Stand at the MCG)

text: The current agreement (as amended in 2018) between the Melbourne Cricket Club, the MCG Trust, the AFL and the Victorian State Government stipulates the AFL grand final will be played at the MCG every year until at least 2057.[7]

text: The grand final has traditionally been played on the last Saturday in September each year, and is often referred to in popular Australian culture as the "One day in September". In this regard, 24 grand finals have been played in October (most recently in 2016), and 10 grand finals have been played on another Saturday in September (most recently in 2000 to avoid a clash with the soccer tournament at the Sydney Olympics).

text: The earliest grand final date has been September 2 (in 1916 and 2000), and the latest grand final date has been October 20 (in 1923).

text: In 2015, the Friday before the grand final became a gazetted public holiday in Victoria, following an election promise by the incoming state government, under the premiership of Daniel Andrews.[26]

text: Numbering of grand finals[edit]

text: Officially, the AFL gives its grand finals the same ordinal number as the season: e.g. the 1996 grand final was regarded as the 100th grand final, due to it being the 100th season.[citation needed]

text: This is inaccurate to some extent:

text:
There was no grand final match in 1897 and 1924, as the finals systems in use in those seasons allowed the premiership to be awarded after a round-robin finals tournament without a grand final being required.
Under the finals system in use from 1898 to 1900 and the Argus finals systems in use from 1902 to 1923 and 1925 to 1930, "Grand Final" was a term given to a challenge match between the minor premiers and whichever team won the knock-out section of the finals. In 1899, 1904, 1906–08, 1911, 1918 and 1927–28, the minor premiers also won the knock-out phase, meaning that they were awarded the premiership without a true grand final being required. In these cases, the last knock-out match has been retrospectively considered to be the grand final.
There were three grand final replays played after drawn grand finals: these occurred in 1948, 1977 and 2010. In 2016, the AFL replaced grand final replays with two five-minute halves of extra time, followed by an untimed third period of golden point extra time if required.

text: Individual awards[edit]

text: Norm Smith Medal[edit]

text: The Norm Smith Medal is presented to the player judged as best on the ground during the grand final by a panel of experts. The award is named in honour of Melbourne premiership player and coach Norm Smith, who died in 1973. It was first awarded in 1979, to Carlton's Wayne Harmes, a great nephew of Smith. In time the award has come to carry great prestige as an individual prize.

text: Other awards[edit]

text: The coach of the winning team receives the Jock McHale Medal, named in honour of Collingwood coach Jock McHale who holds the record of winning eight premierships as coach. The medal was first awarded in 2001, and was retrospectively awarded to all premiership-winning coaches starting from 1950, the first season after McHale's retirement from coaching.

text: The leading goalkicker or goalkickers in the grand final receive the Jack Collins Medal, named after Jack Collins who kicked seven goals in Footscray's grand final victory in 1954. The award was first presented by the AFL Premiership Players' Club in 2010,[27] and was also awarded retrospectively to leading goalkickers from previous grand finals.[28]

text: Grand final records[edit]

text:
Individual Records

Most matches (player)
11: Michael Tuck (Hawthorn)
10: Gordon Coventry (Collingwood), Albert Collier (Collingwood), Dick Reynolds (Essendon), Bill Hutchison (Essendon)

Most matches (captain)
9: Dick Reynolds (Essendon)
5: John Nicholls (Carlton), Michael Tuck (Hawthorn)

Most matches (coach)
17: Jock McHale (Collingwood)
12: Dick Reynolds (Essendon)
11: Frank 'Checker' Hughes (Richmond/Melbourne)
10: Tom Hafey (Richmond/Collingwood)

Most matches (umpire)
10: Jack Elder (1908–22)
9: Ian Robinson(1973–87)
8: Brett Rosebury 2009, 2010 + replay, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2018

Most matches (player/coach)
20: Jock McHale (Collingwood)
17: Ron Barassi (Melbourne/Carlton/N Melbourne)
14: F 'Checker' Hughes (Richmond/Melbourne), Norm Smith (Melbourne) 14

Most wins (player)
7: Michael Tuck (Hawthorn)
6: Albert Collier (Collingwood), Harry Collier (Collingwood), Frank 'Bluey' Adams (Melbourne), Ron Barassi (Melbourne)

Most wins (captain)
4: Dick Reynolds (Essendon), Syd Coventry (Collingwood), Michael Tuck (Hawthorn)

Most wins (coach)
8: Jock McHale (Collingwood)
6: Norm Smith (Melbourne)
5: Jack Worrall (Carlton/Essendon), F 'Checker' Hughes (Richmond/Melbourne)

Most losses (player)
6: Jack Titus (Richmond)
5: Dick Reynolds (Essendon), Bill Hutchison (Essendon), Rene Kink (Collingwood/Essendon), Thomas O'Halloran (Richmond), Jack Dyer (Richmond), Jack Bissett (Richmond/South Melbourne)

Most losses (captain)
4: Dick Reynolds (Essendon)
3: Jack Bissett (South Melbourne), Jack Dyer (Richmond)

Most losses (coach)
9: Jock McHale (Collingwood)
7: Dick Reynolds (Essendon)
5: Allan Jeans (St Kilda/Hawthorn), Tom Hafey (Richmond/Collingwood)

First game in GF
Harry Prout (Essendon) 1908, Bill James (Richmond) 1920, George Rawle (Essendon) 1923, F 'Pop' Vine (Melbourne) 1926, Ken Batchelor (Collingwood) 1952

Most games before first GF
313: Paul Roos (Fitzroy/Sydney) 1996
304: Shane Crawford  (Hawthorn) 2008
293: Paul Williams (Collingwood/Sydney) 2005
290: Matthew Pavlich  (Fremantle) 2013
281: Matthew Boyd (Western Bulldogs) 2016

Most Norm Smith Medals[note 1]
2: Gary Ayres (Hawthorn), Andrew McLeod (Adelaide), Luke Hodge (Hawthorn)

Most possessions in a match
39: Simon Black (Brisbane) 2003
37: Kane Cornes (Port Adelaide) 2007, Jordan Lewis (Hawthorn) 2014
36: Geoff Raines (Richmond) 1980, Robert Harvey (St Kilda) 1997, Peter Burgoyne (Port Adelaide) 2007
35: Daryn Cresswell (Sydney) 1996, Luke Hodge (Hawthorn) 2014

Most goals
35: Gordon Coventry (Collingwood)
25: Dermott Brereton (Hawthorn)
23: Jason Dunstall (Hawthorn), Jack Mueller (Melbourne)

Most goals in a match
9: Gordon Coventry (Collingwood) 1928, Gary Ablett, Sr. (Geelong) 1989
8: Dermott Brereton (Hawthorn) 1985

Most goals in a quarter
5: Darren Jarman (Adelaide) 1997-4Q

Most behinds in a match
10: Ron Todd (Collingwood) 1936
8: Bob Pratt (South Melbourne) 1933, John Hendrie (Hawthorn) 1976

text:
Game records

Highest score
28.9 (177)
by Carlton vs Richmond 1972

Lowest score
1.7 (13)
by Richmond vs Collingwood 1927

Highest aggregate
327 points
Carlton vs Richmond 1972

Lowest aggregate
38 points
Collingwood vs Richmond 1927

Highest winning margin
119 points
by Geelong vs Port Adelaide 2007

Lowest winning margin
1 point
by Fitzroy vs South Melbourne 1899, by Carlton vs Essendon 1947, by St Kilda vs Collingwood 1966, by West Coast vs Sydney 2006

Drawn games
1948
1977
2010

Essendon vs Melbourne (Melbourne won replay)
Collingwood vs North Melbourne (North Melbourne won replay)
Collingwood vs St Kilda (Collingwood won replay)

Postponed games
1923
Essendon vs Fitzroy postponed one week due to bad weather

Highest attendance
121,696
Collingwood vs Carlton 1970

Lowest attendance
4,823
Fitzroy vs South Melbourne 1899

Highest score – 1st Qtr
8.4 (52)
by Hawthorn vs Geelong 1989, by Carlton vs Richmond 1972

Highest score – 2nd Qtr
10.2 (62)
by Carlton vs Richmond 1972

Highest score – 3rd Qtr
11.8 (74)
by Essendon vs Melbourne 1946

Highest score – 4th Qtr
11.3 (69)
by Essendon vs Hawthorn 1985

Biggest comeback – Quarter time
29
by Carlton vs Collingwood 1970

Biggest comeback – Half time
44
by Carlton vs Collingwood 1970

Biggest comeback – Three Quarter time
23
by Essendon vs Hawthorn 1984

Biggest comeback – Overall
44
by Carlton vs Collingwood 1970

Premiership from lowest ladder position
7th
by Western Bulldogs vs Sydney 2016

Consecutive premierships
2
by Adelaide 1997, 1998, Carlton 1914, 1915 & 1981, 1982, Collingwood 1902, 1903 & 1935, 1936, Essendon 1911, 1912 & 1923, 1924 & 1949, 1950 & 1984, 1985, Fitzroy 1898, 1899 & 1904, 1905, Geelong 1951 1952, Hawthorn 1988 1989, Melbourne 1959 1960, Richmond 1920, 1921 & 1973, 1974.

Consecutive premierships
3
by Brisbane 2001, 2002, 2003, Carlton 1906, 1907, 1908, Hawthorn 2013, 2014, 2015, Melbourne 1939, 1940, 1941, & 1955, 1956, 1957.

Consecutive premierships
4
by Collingwood 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930.

text: Audience[edit]

text: Attendance[edit]

text: The event has been sold out every year for decades and once drew a crowd of 121,696 spectators for Collingwood vs Carlton in 1970, primarily due to the presence of standing room (areas of the stadium without seats). However attendances have wavered due to redevelopment and reduced capacity of the main venue, the Melbourne Cricket Ground; being favoured by increased seating of approximately 110,000.[29] AFL members and nominated members of the participating clubs are given first rights to tickets, as are Melbourne Cricket Club members.

text: Television broadcast[edit]

text:
Australian metropolitan television viewers[note 2]

Year

Viewers

Rank

Network

Ref.

2001

2.604 million

17

Seven Network

[30]

2002

2.626 million

16

Network Ten

2003

2.966 million

5

2004

2.796 million

9

2005

3.386 million

2

2006

3.145 million

3

2007

2.563 million

18

2008

2.491 million

19

Seven Network

2009

2.878 million

7

Network Ten

2010[note 3]

2.768 million

10

Seven Network

[31]

2.687 million

11

2011

2.641 million

15

Network Ten

[32]

2012

2.962 million

6

Seven Network

[33]

2013

2.717 million

11

[34]

2014

2.828 million

8

[35]

2015

2.645 million

14

[36]

2016

3.081 million

4

[37]

2017

2.680 million

13

[38]

2018

4.297 million

1

text: The grand final is traditionally one of the most-watched television events of the year in Australia. Since the introduction of the current OzTAM ratings system in 2001,[39] the grand final match segment of the broadcast has been the highest-rated program of the year four times, as of 2017, across metropolitan audiences (2007, 2014, 2015 and 2017);[30][35][36][38] metropolitan audiences encompass the five major capital cities in Australia (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth), with regional audiences measured as a separate figure.[40] Additionally, the post-game presentations segment was the most-watched Australian television broadcast in 2016, with the actual match ranking second.[37]

text: The 2005 AFL Grand Final was watched by a television audience of more than 3.3 million people across five of Australia's most highly populated cities, including 1.2 million in Melbourne and 991,000 in Sydney.[41]  The worldwide audience has grown substantially to a potential 170 million viewers from 72 countries, although the actual audience is likely to be around 30 million.[42]

text: In the past (2007–2011) AFL domestic broadcast arrangement, Network Ten and the Seven Network had exclusive hosting rights for the decider with the 2007, 2009 and 2011 AFL Grand Final on Network Ten and the 2008 and 2010 deciders on the Seven Network. In the event of a grand final replay, the network that televised the first match would also broadcast the second match.

text: With the new television broadcasting deal announced in April 2011, the Seven Network have exclusive rights to televising the AFL grand final for the next five years (i.e. 2012–2016).

text: International telecasts[edit]

text: The AFL grand final is televised into many countries and grand final parties are held around the world. The following are television details for the 2018 AFL Grand Final.[43]

text:
Papua New Guinea – EM TV, Australia Plus (live)
New Zealand – Sky Sport (live) and TVNZ (live)
Asia-Pacific – Australia Plus (live) (includes China, Hong Kong/Macau, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Palau, Malaysia, Cambodia, Burma/Myanmar, Laos, Brunei, Fiji, Western Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Timor-Leste(East Timor), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Micronesia, Kiribati)
Indian subcontinent  (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan) – Australia Network (live)
China - GZTV (live)
Middle East – Australia Plus and Orbit Showtime Network (live)
Israel –  Fox Sports Israel (live)
North America[44]
United States – Fox Sports.
Canada – TSN (live).
United Kingdom and Ireland – BT Sport (live)
ALL of Europe – Eurosport 2 (live/delayed coverage to be confirmed)
Africa – Kwesé Sports Orbit Showtime Network (live)
Latin America and Caribbean – ESPN International (to be confirmed)
Russia - Viasat (live)


document_title: The Flintstones (film)

question_text: who played bam bam in the movie the flintstones

root

text: The Flintstones (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Bedrock, Slate International's new CEO Cliff Vandercave and his secretary Miss Stone discuss their plan to swindle the company of its vast fortune and flee. As part of the plan, they would need one of the employees to be the scapegoat. Meanwhile, Fred Flintstone loans his best friend and neighbor Barney Rubble money so that he and his wife Betty can adopt a child. The agency pairs them up with a child named Bamm-Bamm, who can only pronounce his own name. Although Bamm-Bamm is initially difficult to control due to being raised by mastodons, and thus has super strength, he eventually warms up to his new family. Barney vows to repay his friend Fred for his debt of gratitude. Despite his mother-in-law Pearl Slaghoople's objections, Fred's wife Wilma remains supportive of Fred's decision to help Barney. Fred promises he will prove himself to her one day.

tag: p

text: As part of his scheme to find the fall guy, Vandercave holds a company-wide aptitude test, where the worker with the highest score would become the new vice president of the company. Knowing how much Fred wants the promotion, Barney secretly switches his completed test with Fred's, since he knows that he has a better chance than Fred. Fred receives the promotion, complete many fancy perks, including a big executive office and a beautiful secretary whom he immediately develops an infatuation for, but his first order as vice president is to dismiss Barney, since Barney's score, having been switched with Fred's, is the lowest score in the company. Fred is unwilling to fire his friend, but Vandercave threatens to fire both Barney and him if he refuses. Fred reluctantly accepts, but does his best to help Barney support his family, and even invites the Rubbles to live with the Flintstone family so that they can rent out their home for extra income. However, Fred's job and newfound wealth puts a strain on his relationships with Wilma and the Rubbles. Vandercave eventually tricks Fred into dismissing more workers, over the objections of his office Dictabird. Later, Barney confronts Fred after seeing worker riots on the news, and in the heat of the argument, reveals that he switched tests with Fred. The Rubbles move out, despite having nowhere to live. Wilma becomes fed up with Fred's increasingly snobbish behavior as well after catching him in the middle of an intimate moment with his secretary and she leaves him to go to her mother's house with their daughter Pebbles, leaving Fred alone.

text: Fred goes to the quarry and realizes his mistake when he discovers Vandercave's plan. He finds out that Vandercave has manipulated events to make it look as if Fred stole the money, and that he has reported the stolen money to the police. A manhunt for Fred ensues, led by the police and the workers. Shocked by the news and knowing Fred would never go as far as embezzlement, Wilma and Betty break into Slate and Co. to get the Dictabird, who serves as the only witness who can clear Fred's name. They are, however, unaware that Vandercave has been watching them from his office window. Meanwhile, Fred, while in disguise, attempts to enter a cave where the workers are seeking refuge. However, they see through his disguise and attempt to hang him. Barney is almost hanged as well after he admits his part. Fred and Barney reconcile, but before they are lynched, Wilma and Betty arrive with the Dictabird, who, after Fred apologizes to him and the workers, tells them the true story. The workers release Fred and Barney after realizing that Vandercave was the one who fired them.

text: Vandercave kidnaps Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm and demands the Dictabird in exchange for the children's safe return. Fred and Barney confront Vandercave at the quarry, where Vandercave has tied Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm to a large industrial mixing machine. Though they hand him the Dictabird, Vandercave still activates the mixer to stall them while he makes a getaway. Barney rescues the children while Fred destroys the mixer. The Dictabird escapes from Vandercave and lures him back to the quarry, where Miss Stone knocks him out, having had a change of heart after learning that Vandercave was planning to betray her. The police, Wilma, Betty, and Mr. Slate arrive at the quarry while Vandercave attempts to flee, but he becomes trapped by a thick liquid substance oozing out from the wrecked mixer.

text: With the Dictabird as witness and providing evidence against Vandercave, all charges against Fred are dropped. Though Miss Stone is arrested as Vandercave's accomplice, Fred is confident she will be granted leniency for helping them stop Vandercave. Impressed with the qualities of the liquid substance that Fred inadvertently created when he destroyed the mixing machine, Mr. Slate dubs the substance "concrete" in honor of his daughter Concretia and makes plans to produce it with Fred as the president of its division. With the discovery of concrete, the Stone Age comes to an end. Having realized how his life would change for the worse with his new found wealth and status as the new president, Fred declines the promotion and asks that the workers be rehired and given the job benefits that he was initially to have received. As the Flintstones and Rubbles have finally made amends, Fred and Barney get into a humorous quarrel when Fred once again asks Barney for a small amount of money for breakfast.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
John Goodman as Fred Flintstone
Rick Moranis as Barney Rubble
Elizabeth Perkins as Wilma Flintstone
Rosie O'Donnell as Betty Rubble
Kyle MacLachlan as Cliff Vandercave
Halle Berry as Miss Stone
Elizabeth Taylor as Pearl Slaghoople
Mel Blanc as Dino (archive audio) - Blanc previously supplied the voice of Barney and Dino in the original cartoon series.
Elaine &  Melanie Silver as Pebbles Flintstone
Hlynur & Marinó Sigurðsson as Bamm-Bamm Rubble - Elizabeth Daily provides Bamm-Bamm's voice, though uncredited
Dann Florek as Mr. Slate
Richard Moll as Hoagie
Irwin Keyes as Joe Rockhead
Jim Doughan as Maitre d'
Harvey Korman as the Dictabird (voice) - Korman previously voiced the Great Gazoo in the original cartoon series.
Jonathan Winters as Grizzled Man, a co-worker of Fred and Barney's
Jack O'Halloran as Yeti
The B-52's as The BC-52's
Jean Vander Pyl as Mrs. Feldspar - Vander Pyl previously voiced Wilma and Pebbles in the original cartoon series.
Laraine Newman as Susan Rock
Jay Leno as a talk show host
William Hanna as a boardroom executive
Joseph Barbera as a man driving a Mersandes
Sam Raimi as Cliff Vandercave look-alike

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and writing[edit]

text: In 1985, producers Keith Barish and Joel Silver bought the rights for a live-action feature film version of The Flintstones and commissioned Steven E. de Souza to write a script with Richard Donner hired to direct. De Souza's script was eventually rejected and Mitch Markowitz was hired to write a script. Said to be a cross of The Grapes of Wrath, Markowitz commented that "I don't even remember it that well, but Fred and Barney leave their town during a terrible depression and go across the country, or whatever that damn prehistoric thing is, looking for jobs. They wind up in trailer parks trying to keep their families together. They exhibit moments of heroism and poignancy". Markowitz's version was apparently too sentimental for director Donner, who disliked it.[3] Eventually, the rights were bought by Amblin Entertainment and Steven Spielberg who, after working with Goodman on Always, was determined to cast him in the lead as Fred. Brian Levant was hired as director, knowing he was the right person because of his love for the original series. They knew he was an avid fan of the series because of his Flintstones items collection and the knowledge he had from the series.

text: When Levant was hired, all previous scripts were thrown out. Levant then recruited what he called an "all-star writing team" which consisted of his writer friends from television shows such as Family Ties, Night Court, and Happy Days. "This is a sitcom on steroids", said Levant. "We were just trying to improve it." Dubbed the Flintstone Eight, the group wrote a new draft but four more round table sessions ensued, each of which was attended by new talent. Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel took home a reported $100,000 for just two days work.[4] Rick Moranis was also present at Levant's roundtables, and later described the film as "one of those scripts that had about 18 writers".[5] The effects for Dino, Dictabird, and the other prehistoric creatures were provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Actors John Candy, Jim Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Bill Murray, and Chevy Chase were all considered for the role of Fred Flintstone, but John Candy had died before production began,[6][7] the last four actors were all deemed too skinny and a fat suit was deemed too inappropriate to be used. If Goodman had turned the role down, the film would not have been made.[6] Geena Davis, Faith Ford, and Catherine O'Hara were all considered for the role of Wilma. Elizabeth Perkins won the role.[8] Danny DeVito was the original first choice for Barney, but he turned down the role as he felt he was too gruff to do the character properly and reportedly suggested Rick Moranis for the role.[6]  DeVito was also considered for Fred Flintstone.[9] Although Janine Turner was considered, Rosie O'Donnell won the role of Betty Rubble with her impersonation of the cartoon character's signature giggle.[6]  Both Tracey Ullman and Daphne Zuniga were also considered for the role.[8] Sharon Stone was to play Miss Stone, but turned it down because of scheduling conflicts.[6][10] The role was also offered to Nicole Kidman.[6] Anna Nicole Smith was also considered.[6] Both Audrey Meadows and Elizabeth Montgomery were considered for the role of Pearl Slaghoople.[8]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Parts of the film were shot at Glen Canyon in Utah as well as Los Angeles County, California.[11]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 22% "Rotten" rating based on 44 reviews with an average rating of 3.7/10.[12] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received an average score of 38 out of 100, which indicates "generally unfavorable reviews", based on 15 reviews.[13] On the syndicated television program Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times and his colleague Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two marginal thumbs down. They both mentioned that its main story lines (embezzlement, mother-in-law problems, office politics and extra-marital affairs) were storylines for adult films, and ones that children would not be able to understand. However, many critics praised the film's look, faithfulness to the cartoon, Rosanna Norton's costume designs and Goodman's performance.[14][15][16][17] A few reviews were positive, including Time magazine which said "The Flintstones is fun", and Joel Siegel from ABC's Good Morning America and WABC-TV who called the film "pre-historical, hysterical... great fun". In a 1997 interview, Joseph Barbera, co-creator of The Flintstones and co-founder of Hanna-Barbera Productions, stated that, although he was impressed by the film's visuals, he felt the story "wasn't as good as I could have made it."[18]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Despite the negative reviews, The Flintstones was a box office success, grossing $130,531,208 domestically, including the $37,182,745 it made during its 4-day Memorial Day opening weekend in 1994. It performed even better internationally, making another $211,100,000 overseas, for a total of $341,631,208 worldwide, against a $46 million budget.[2][19]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: O'Donnell won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress for her performance in this film. The film also won Worst Screenplay and was nominated for two others: Taylor as Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress (the second performance in the film nominated for this award) and for the film as Worst Remake or Sequel. However, the film also received four Saturn Award nominations, including Best Fantasy Film, Best Costume Design and Best Supporting Actress for O'Donnell's and Berry's performances.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: McDonald's marketed a number of Flintstones promotions for the film, including the return of the McRib sandwich and the "Grand Poobah Meal" combo with it, a line of premium glass mugs, and toys based on characters and locations from the film. In the commercials and released items for the Flintstones promotion, McDonald's was renamed "RocDonald's" with stone age imagery, similarly to other businesses and proper names in the Flintstones franchise. The Flintstones: The Movie, a video game based on the film, was developed by Ocean software and released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy and Mega Drive/Genesis (Sega Channel exclusive) in 1995. In the United Kingdom, Tetley promoted adverts with audio from the film, including mugs starring characters from the film. Jurassic Park, the name of another movie was also seen briefly as a park in the film.

text: Home media releases[edit]

text: The film was released, first on VHS and LaserDisc on November 8, 1994 by MCA/Universal Home Video. It later made its debut on DVD on March 16, 1999 and finally to Blu-ray on August 19, 2014.[20]

text: Prequel[edit]

text: A prequel, The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, was released in 2000. The original main cast did not reprise their roles of the characters, though O'Donnell provided the voice of an octopus who gave massages to younger versions of Wilma and Betty. Irwin Keyes returned as Joe Rockhead, the only cast member to reprise his role from the first film. Unlike its predecessor, it disappointed at the box office.

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released for the Game Boy, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Channel in both 1994 and 1995 respectively, developed by Ocean Software (SNES), Twilight (GB), Hi-Tech (SC) and published by Ocean Software. In the game, the player takes control of Fred Flintstones and has to rescue  Wilma, Barney, Pebbles and Bam-Bam from Cliff Vandercave.[21][22]

text: A Sega Genesis version developed by Foley Hi-Tech and published by Ocean Software was also planned, but was later canceled and was released on the Sega Channel instead[23]


document_title: Recording Industry Association of America certification

question_text: who has the most gold and platinum records

text: Description and qualifications[edit]

text: A Gold record is a single or album that has sold 500,000 units (records, tapes or compact discs). The award was launched in 1958;[3] originally, the requirement for a Gold single was one million units sold and a Gold album represented $1 million in sales (at wholesale value, around a third of the list price).[4] In 1975, the additional requirement of 500,000 units sold was added for Gold albums.[4] Reflecting growth in record sales, the Platinum award was added in 1976 for albums selling one million units, and singles selling two million units.[4][5] The Multi-Platinum award was introduced in 1984, signifying multiple Platinum levels of albums and singles.[6] In 1989, the sales thresholds for singles were reduced to 500,000 for Gold and 1,000,000 for Platinum, reflecting a decrease in sales of singles.[7] In 1992, RIAA began counting each disc in a multi-disc set as one unit toward certification.  Reflecting additional growth in music sales, the Diamond award was instituted in 1999 for albums or singles selling ten million units.[3]  Because of these changes in criteria, the sales level associated with a particular award depends on when the award was made.

text: Nielsen SoundScan figures are not used in RIAA certification; the RIAA system predates Nielsen SoundScan and includes sales outlets Nielsen misses.[citation needed] Prior to Nielsen SoundScan, RIAA certification was the only audited and verifiable system for tracking music sales in the U.S.; it is still the only system capable of tracking 100% of sales (albeit as shipments less returns, not actual sales like Nielsen SoundScan).[citation needed] This system has allowed, at times, for record labels to promote an album as Gold or Platinum simply based on large shipments.  For instance, in 1978 the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band soundtrack shipped Platinum but was a sales bust, with two million returns.[8] Similarly, all four solo albums by the members of Kiss simultaneously shipped Platinum that same year but did not reach the top 20 of the Billboard 200 album chart.[9] The following year, the RIAA began requiring 120 days from the release date before recordings were eligible for certification, although that requirement has been reduced over the years and currently stands at 30 days. Sony was widely criticized in 1995 for hyping Michael Jackson's double album HIStory as five times Platinum, based on shipments of 2.5 million and using the RIAA's recently adopted practice of counting each disc toward certification, while SoundScan was reporting only 1.3 million copies sold.[10] A similar discrepancy between shipments and sales was reported with The Lion King soundtrack.[11]

text: List of certifications[edit]

text: Records[edit]

text:
500,000 to 999,999 units: Gold album
1,000,000 to 4,999,999 units: Platinum album
5,000,000 to 9,999,999 units: Multi-Platinum album
Over 10,000,000 units: Diamond album

text: For further information, see Music recording sales certification.

text: Multi-disc[edit]

text: Multi-disc albums are counted once for each disc within the album if it is over 100 minutes in length or is from the vinyl era. For example, each copy of Aaliyah's catalog, The Smashing Pumpkins's Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness (running time of 121:39), and OutKast's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below (running time of 134:56), both double albums, were counted twice, meaning each album was certified diamond after 5 million copies were shipped. Pink Floyd's The Wall and The Beatles' White Album, both vinyl-era, are also counted double even though their running times are under the minimum requirement. Rules may or may not apply depending on most recent staff within the Distributions position.

text: Spanish[edit]

text: Since 2000, the RIAA also awards Los Premios de Oro y De Platino (Gold and Platinum Awards in Spanish)  to Latin albums which are defined by the RIAA as a type of product that features at least 51% of content in Spanish.[12]

text: As of December 20, 2013, the award levels for Latin certifications are:[13]

text:
30,000 units: Disco de Oro
60,000 units: Disco de Platino
120,000 units: Disco de Multi-Platino
600,000 units: Disco de Diamante

text: For certifications made before December 20, 2013, the award levels are:[14]

text:
50,000 units: Disco de Oro
100,000 units: Disco de Platino
200,000 units: Disco de Multi-Platino
1,000,000 units: Disco de Diamante

text: Note: The number of sales required to qualify for Oro and Platino awards was higher prior to January 1, 2008.[14] The thresholds were 100,000 units (Oro) and 200,000 units (Platino). All Spanish-language albums certified prior to 2008 were updated to match the current certification at the time.[14][15] "La Bomba" by Bolivian group Azul Azul is the only single to receive a Latin certification based on shipments before the creation of the Latin digital singles awards in 2013.[16] The Disco de Diamante award was introduced after the RIAA updated the thresholds for Latin certifications in December 20, 2013. The Disco de Diamante is awarded to Latin albums that have been certified 10× Platinum.[17][18]

text: Singles[edit]

text: Standard singles are certified:

text:
Gold when it ships 500,000 copies
Platinum when it ships 1,000,000 copies
Multi-Platinum when it ships at least 2,000,000 copies

text: Note: The number of sales required to qualify for Gold and Platinum discs was higher prior to January 1, 1989. The thresholds were previously 1,000,000 units (Gold) and 2,000,000 units (Platinum).[19]

text: Digital singles are certified:

text:
Gold means 500,000 certification units
Platinum means 1,000,000 certification units
Multi-Platinum means 2,000,000+ certification units

text: From 2004 through July 2006, the certification level was 100,000 downloads for Gold and 200,000 for Platinum. When the RIAA changed the certification standards to match retail distribution in August 2006, all Platinum and Multi-Platinum awards for a digital release were withdrawn. Gold certifications, however, were not, meaning a song that was downloaded over 100,000 times and certified so by the RIAA during that time frame retains its Gold status.[20]

text: Starting May 9, 2013, RIAA certifications for singles in the "digital" category include on-demand audio and/or video song streams in addition to downloads at a rate of 100 streams=1 certification "unit".[21][22] On January 2, 2016, this rate was updated to 150 streams = 1 certification unit.[23]

text: Latin digital singles are certified:

text:
Disco de Oro (Gold) means 30,000 certification units
Disco de Platino (Platinum) means 60,000 certification units
Disco de Multi-Platino (Multi-Platinum) means 120,000+ certification units

text: The Latin Digital Single Awards began on December 20, 2013. As with the digital sales, 100 streams count as one download sale.[13]

text: Video Longform[edit]

text: Along with albums, digital albums, and singles there is another classification of music release called "Video Longform." This release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria are slightly different from other styles.[24]

text:
Gold: 50,000 copies
Platinum: 100,000 copies
Multi-Platinum: 200,000 copies

text: Video Box Set[edit]

text: The video box set (or "Multi-Box Music Video Set") award is a classification for video compilations that include three or more videos that are grouped and marketed together as a set.  Like Video Longform, this includes DVD and VHS releases and the certification criteria is the same. Each individual video within set is counted as one toward certification.[25]

text: The best-selling video box set as certified by the RIAA is The Rolling Stones' Four Flicks DVD compilation from their Licks World Tour, with a 19X Multi-Platinum designation.  This was likely achieved due to exclusive distribution rights owned by Best Buy by their short-lived music production company, Redline Entertainment.[26][27]

text: Records[edit]

text: Lists from RIAA site showing current status holders of RIAA Certifications:

text:
List of highest-certified music artists in the United States
List of best-selling albums in the United States
List of best-selling singles in the United States
List of best-selling Latin albums in the United States

text: Artists with the most album certifications[edit]

text: Albums that have been certified Gold might receive additional certifications for achieving Platinum and Multi-Platinum levels.

text:
Artist

# Gold

# Platinum

# Multi-Platinum

# Diamond

Total

Source

AC/DC
22
20
12
1
55
[28]

Aerosmith
25
18
12
1
56
[28]

Alabama
22
20
10
0
52
[28]

The Beach Boys
20
9
6
0
35
[28]

The Beatles
48
42
26
6
122
[28]

Bee Gees
15
9
2
1
27
[28]

Garth Brooks
21
21
15
7
64
[28]

Jimmy Buffett
17
9
3
0
29
[28]

Mariah Carey
15
13
9
2
39
[28]

Britney Spears
9
8
4
2
23
[28]

Johnny Cash
19
10
5
0
34
[28]

Kenny Chesney
16
11
5
0
32
[28]

Chicago
23
18
8
0
49
[28]

Eric Clapton
23
11
7
1
42
[28]

John Denver
21
13
7
1
41
[28]

Neil Diamond
40
21
11
0
72
[28]

Celine Dion
13
11
8
2
34
[28]

The Doors
20
14
5
1
40
[28]

Bob Dylan
33
15
5
0
53
[28]

Eminem
9
8
8
2
27
[28]

Grateful Dead
20
6
4
0
30
[28]

Jimi Hendrix
16
10
6
0
32
[28]

Isley Brothers
15
10
3
0
28
[28]

Alan Jackson
18
15
8
0
41
[28]

Michael Jackson
15
13
9
2
38
[28]

Jefferson Airplane/Starship
20
5
1
0
26
[28]

Jethro Tull
15
3
1
0
19
[28]

Billy Joel
18
17
12
2
49
[28]

Elton John
37
27
12
1
77
[28]

Toby Keith
18
12
5
0
35
[28]

Kenny G
15
11
8
1
35
[28]

Kiss
26
10
3
0
39
[28]

Led Zeppelin
19
18
14
5
56
[28]

Lynyrd Skynyrd
20
13
7
0
40
[28]

Madonna
20
17
12
2
51
[28]

Barry Manilow
24
13
6
0
43
[28]

Mannheim Steamroller
18
8
4
0
30
[28]

Dean Martin
17
2
0
0
19
[28]

Johnny Mathis
15
6
2
0
23
[28]

Dave Matthews Band
17
14
7
0
38
[28]

Paul McCartney
16
7
4
0
27
[28]

Reba McEntire
27
19
9
0
55
[28]

John Mellencamp
15
12
5
0
32
[28]

Anne Murray
15
6
2
0
23
[28]

Willie Nelson
18
14
6
0
38
[28]

Tom Petty
15
8
5
1
29
[28]

Pink Floyd
19
15
12
2
48
[28]

Elvis Presley
90
52
25
1
168
[28]

Prince
18
11
4
1
33
[28]

Queen
19
12
7
0
38
[28]

Kenny Rogers
28
17
7
1
53
[28]

The Rolling Stones
43
28
11
1
83
[28]

Linda Ronstadt
17
13
7
0
37
[28]

Rush
24
14
3
0
41
[28]

Santana
21
10
7
1
39
[28]

Frank Sinatra
34
10
4
0
48
[28]

Bruce Springsteen
22
17
10
2
51
[28]

Rod Stewart
27
19
10
0
56
[28]

George Strait
39
33
13
0
85
[28]

Barbra Streisand
51
30
12
0
93
[28]

James Taylor
20
14
5
1
40
[28]

The Temptations
17
6
1
0
24
[28]

U2
16
16
11
1
44
[28]

Luther Vandross
19
15
7
0
41
[28]

The Who
18
12
5
0
35
[28]

Andy Williams
18
3
0
0
21
[28]

Hank Williams, Jr.
23
8
1
0
32
[28]

Neil Young
18
7
3
0
28
[28]

tag: table

text: Note: The RIAA provides the Detailed List of Artists with Most Album Certified Units

text: Artists with the most single certifications[edit]

text: Singles that have been certified Gold might receive additional certifications for achieving Platinum and Multi-Platinum levels.  For example, Eminem has had 13 singles certified Gold, 8 of which went on to achieve Platinum certification as well.

text: This list includes the RIAA formats 'Single','12 inch single' and 'Video Single'.  This list includes singles of the RIAA types 'standard' and 'digital'.

text:
Very few artists ever received a Gold 12-inch single (Donna Summer, Barbra Streisand for "Enough Is Enough", and Madonna for "Angel"/"Into The Groove")
12 inch singles were given a Gold certification after sales of 500,000 or more copies sold. This took place back when more 12-inch singles were manufactured and sold.

text: This table tracks artists with some number of singles that have received at least twenty total certifications.

text:
Artist

# Gold

# Platinum

# Multi-Platinum

Total

source

Eminem
13
8
6
27
[29]

Adele
12
9
5
26
[30]

Elvis Presley
54
27
8
89
[31]

Rihanna
43
36
30
109
[32]

Katy Perry
17
17
13
47
[33]

Lil Wayne
25
21
10
56
[34]

Mariah Carey
25
12
2
39
[35]

Taylor Swift
52
35
20
107
[36]

Madonna
27+Gold 12 inch
6
2
47
[37]

Beyoncé
25
13
5
43
[38][39]

The Beatles
28
9
4
41
[40]

Michael Jackson
23
10
1
34
[41]

Whitney Houston
19
7
1
27
[42]

Janet Jackson
20
4
-
24
[43]

Elton John
18
8
1
27
[44]

Lady Gaga
15
13
12
40
[45]

Bruno Mars
18
16
13
47
[46]

Kanye West
31
24
13
68
[47]

R. Kelly
14
7
-
21
[48]

Usher
14
9
1
24
[49]

Chris Brown
38
28
10
76
[50]

T.I.
16
11
4
31
[51]

Jay-Z
22
15
7
44
[52]

Linkin Park
11
7
2
20
[53]

Black Eyed Peas
12
9
8
29
[54]

Ariana Grande
14
11
7
32
[55]

Justin Timberlake
12
9
4
25
[56]

Ludacris
10
7
3
20
[57]

Kenny Chesney
24
8
-
36
[58]

Flo Rida
13
11
10
34
[59]

Brad Paisley
17
8
4
29
[60]

Tim McGraw
24
12
3
39
[61]

Jason Aldean
21
15
5
41
[62]

Nicki Minaj
14
10
5
29
[63]

Ne-Yo
10
8
5
23
[64]

Drake
22
16
11
49
[65]

Demi Lovato
10
9
4
23
[66]

Rascal Flatts
13
8
-
21
[67]

Fall Out Boy
13
10
5
28
[68]

text: Note: The RIAA provides the Detailed List of Artists with Most Singles Certified Units

text: RIAA Diamond certifications[edit]

text: Diamond (10+ million) certified albums and singles[69]

text:
Year of Release

Artist(s)

Title

Label(s)

Certification

Year of Certification

Release Type

1976

Eagles

Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)

Rhino

38× Platinum

2018

Album (Greatest Hits)

1982

Michael Jackson

Thriller

Epic

33× Platinum

2017

Album

1976

Eagles

Hotel California

Rhino

26× Platinum

2018

Album

1985

Billy Joel

Greatest Hits Volume I & Volume II

Columbia

23× Platinum

2011

Album (Greatest Hits)

1971

Led Zeppelin

Led Zeppelin IV

Atlantic

23× Platinum

2006

Album

1979

Pink Floyd

The Wall

Columbia

23× Platinum

1999

Album

1980

AC/DC

Back in Black

Epic

22× Platinum

2007

Album

1998

Garth Brooks

Double Live

Capitol Nashville

21× Platinum

2006

Album (Live Album)

1994

Hootie & the Blowfish

Cracked Rear View

Rhino

21× Platinum

2018

Album

1977

Fleetwood Mac

Rumours

Warner Bros.

20× Platinum

2014

Album

1997

Shania Twain

Come On Over

Mercury Nashville

20× Platinum

2004

Album

1968

The Beatles

The Beatles

Apple

19× Platinum

2001

Album

1987

Guns N' Roses

Appetite for Destruction

Geffen

18× Platinum

2008

Album

1992

Whitney Houston

The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album

RCA

18× Platinum

2017

Album (Soundtrack)

1976

Boston

Boston

Epic

17× Platinum

2003

Album

1974

Elton John

Greatest Hits

Island

17× Platinum

2016

Album (Greatest Hits)

1990

Garth Brooks

No Fences

Capitol

17× Platinum

2006

Album

1973

The Beatles

1967-1970

EMI

17× Platinum

2010

Album (Greatest Hits)

1995

Alanis Morissette

Jagged Little Pill

Maverick

16× Platinum

1998

Album

1977

Bee Gees

Saturday Night Fever: The Original Movie Sound Track

Capitol

16× Platinum

2017

Album (Soundtrack)

1975

Led Zeppelin

Physical Graffiti

Swan Song

16× Platinum

2006

Album

1991

Metallica

Metallica

Atlantic/Elektra

16× Platinum

2012

Album

1984

Bob Marley & The Wailers

Legend

Island

15× Platinum

2014

Album (Compilation)

1984

Bruce Springsteen

Born in the U.S.A.

Columbia

15× Platinum

1995

Album

1988

Journey

Greatest Hits

Columbia

15× Platinum

2011

Album (Greatest Hits)

1973

Pink Floyd

The Dark Side of the Moon

Harvest

15× Platinum

1998

Album

1999

Santana

Supernatural

Arista

15× Platinum

2003

Album

1973

The Beatles

1962-1966

Apple

15× Platinum

2001

Album (Greatest Hits)

2011

Adele

21

Columbia

14× Platinum

2016

Album

1997

Backstreet Boys

Backstreet Boys

Jive

14× Platinum

2001

Album

1999

Britney Spears

...Baby One More Time

Jive

14× Platinum

2004

Album

1991

Garth Brooks

Ropin' the Wind

Capitol

14× Platinum

1998

Album

1977

Meat Loaf

Bat Out of Hell

Epic

14× Platinum

2001

Album

1972

Simon & Garfunkel

Simon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits

Columbia

14× Platinum

2003

Album (Greatest Hits)

1978

Steve Miller Band

Greatest Hits 1974-78

Capitol

14× Platinum

2017

Album (Greatest Hits)

1999

Backstreet Boys

Millennium

Jive

13× Platinum

2001

Album

1986

Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band

Live/1975–85

Columbia

13× Platinum

1999

Album (Live Album)

1991

Pearl Jam

Ten

Epic

13× Platinum

2009

Album

1984

Prince and The Revolution

Purple Rain

Warner Bros.

13× Platinum

1996

Album

1985

Whitney Houston

Whitney Houston

Arista

13× Platinum

1999

Album

1986

Bon Jovi

Slippery When Wet

Mercury

12× Platinum

1995

Album

1994

Boyz II Men

II

Motown

12× Platinum

1996

Album

1987

Def Leppard

Hysteria

Mercury

12× Platinum

1998

Album

1998

Dixie Chicks

Wide Open Spaces

Monument

12× Platinum

2003

Album

2011

Eminem

"Love the Way You Lie" (Featuring Rihanna)

Shady/Aftermath/Interscope

12× Platinum

2018

Single

1995

Jewel

Pieces of You

Atlantic

12× Platinum

2006

Album

2010

Justin Bieber

"Baby" (Featuring Ludacris)

Island/Def Jam

12× Platinum

2013

Single

1992

Kenny G

Breathless

Arista

12× Platinum

1998

Album

1980

Kenny Rogers

Greatest Hits

Liberty

12× Platinum

1997

Album (Greatest Hits)

1969

Led Zeppelin

Led Zeppelin II

Atlantic

12× Platinum

1999

Album

1996

Matchbox Twenty

Yourself or Someone Like You

Atlantic

12× Platinum

2001

Album

1985

Phil Collins

No Jacket Required

Atlantic

12× Platinum

2001

Album

1995

Shania Twain

The Woman in Me

Mercury Nashville

12× Platinum

2000

Album

1994

Soundtrack

Forrest Gump

Epic

12× Platinum

2000

Album (Soundtrack)

1969

The Beatles

Abbey Road

Apple

12× Platinum

2001

Album

1971

The Rolling Stones

Hot Rocks 1964-1971

London

12× Platinum

2002

Album (Greatest Hits)

1993

Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

Greatest Hits

Interscope

12× Platinum

2015

Album (Greatest Hits)

2000

*NSYNC

No Strings Attached

Jive

11× Platinum

2001

Album

2015

Adele

25

Columbia/XL

11× Platinum

2017

Album

1980

Aerosmith

Aerosmith's Greatest Hits

Columbia

11× Platinum

2007

Album (Greatest Hits)

1996

Celine Dion

Falling Into You

550 Music

11× Platinum

2001

Album

1999

Creed

Human Clay

Wind-up

11× Platinum

2004

Album

1982

Eagles

Eagles Greatest Hits, Volume 2

Asylum

11× Platinum

2002

Album (Greatest Hits)

1997

Elton John

"Candle in the Wind 1997"/"Something About the Way You Look Tonight"

Rocket

11× Platinum

1997

Single (Double A-side)

1976

James Taylor

Greatest Hits

Warner Bros.

11× Platinum

1996

Album (Greatest Hits)

2010

Katy Perry

"Firework"

Capitol

11× Platinum

2018

Single

1998

Kid Rock

Devil Without a Cause

Lava

11× Platinum

2003

Album

2009

Lady Gaga

"Bad Romance"

Streamline/Interscope

11× Platinum

2015

Single

1973

Led Zeppelin

Houses of the Holy

Atlantic

11× Platinum

1999

Album

2000

Linkin Park

Hybrid Theory

Warner Bros.

11× Platinum

2017

Album

2014

Mark Ronson

"UpTown Funk!" (Featuring Bruno Mars)

RCA

11× Platinum

2016

Single

1997

Notorious B.I.G.

Life After Death

Bad Boy/Rhino

11× Platinum

2018

Album

2003

Outkast

Speakerboxxx/The Love Below

So So Def

11× Platinum

2006

Album

2002

Shania Twain

Up!

Mercury Nashville

11× Platinum

2004

Album

1987

Soundtrack

Dirty Dancing

RCA

11× Platinum

1994

Album (Soundtrack)

1997

Soundtrack

Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture

Sony Classical

11× Platinum

2000

Album (Soundtrack)

1967

The Beatles

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Capitol

11× Platinum

1997

Album

2000

The Beatles

1

Capitol

11× Platinum

2010

Album (Greatest Hits)

1994

TLC

CrazySexyCool

LaFace

11× Platinum

1999

Album

1998

*NSYNC

*NSYNC

RCA

10× Platinum

2000

Album

1998

2Pac

Greatest Hits

Interscope

10× Platinum

2011

Album (Greatest Hits)

1996

2Pac

All Eyez On Me

Death Row/Interscope

10× Platinum

2014

Album

1986

Beastie Boys

Licensed To Ill

Def Jam

10× Platinum

2015

Album

1977

Billy Joel

The Stranger

Columbia

10× Platinum

2003

Album

1994

Bob Seger & The Silver Bullet Band

Greatest Hits

Capitol

10× Platinum

2017

Album (Greatest Hits)

2000

Britney Spears

Oops!... I Did It Again

Jive

10× Platinum

2005

Album

2012

Carly Rae Jepsen

"Call Me Maybe"

Schoolboy/Interscope

10× Platinum

2016

Single

1971

Carole King

Tapestry

Ode

10× Platinum

1995

Album

1997

Celine Dion

Let's Talk About Love

550 Music/Epic

10× Platinum

1999

Album

1985

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Chronicle: The 20 Greatest Hits

Fantasy

10× Platinum

2016

Album (Greatest Hits)

1983

Def Leppard

Pyromania

Mercury

10× Platinum

2004

Album

1999

Dixie Chicks

Fly

Monument

10× Platinum

2002

Album

1976

Doobie Brothers

Best of The Doobies

Warner Bros.

10× Platinum

1996

Album (Greatest Hits)

2014

Ed Sheeran

"Thinking Out Loud"

Atlantic

10× Platinum

2017

Single

1970

Elvis Presley

Elvis' Christmas Album

RCA Camden/Pickwick

10× Platinum

2011

Album

2000

Eminem

The Marshall Mathers LP

Aftermath/Interscope

10× Platinum

2011

Album

2002

Eminem

The Eminem Show

Aftermath/Interscope

10× Platinum

2011

Album

2010

Eminem

"Not Afraid"

Shady/Aftermath/Interscope

10× Platinum

2014

Single

2002

Eminem

"Lose Yourself"

Shady/Aftermath/Interscope

10× Platinum

2018

Single

1992

Eric Clapton

Unplugged

Reprise

10× Platinum

1996

Album (Live Album)

2012

Florida Georgia Line

"Cruise"

BMX

10× Platinum

2016

Single

2007

Garth Brooks

The Ultimate Hits

Pearl

10× Platinum

2016

Album (Greatest Hits)

1997

Garth Brooks

Sevens

Capitol Nashville

10× Platinum

2006

Album

1989

Garth Brooks

Garth Brooks

Capitol

10× Platinum

2006

Album

1994

Garth Brooks

The Hits

Liberty

10× Platinum

1998

Album (Greatest Hits)

1987

George Michael

Faith

Columbia

10× Platinum

1996

Album

1994

Green Day

Dookie

Reprise

10× Platinum

1999

Album

1990

MC Hammer

Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em

Capitol

10× Platinum

1991

Album

2012

Imagine Dragons

"Radioactive"

KIDinaKORNER/Interscope

10× Platinum

2015

Single

2013

Katy Perry

"Roar"

Capitol

10× Platinum

2017

Single

2013

Katy Perry

"Dark Horse"

Capitol

10× Platinum

2015

Single

2008

Lady Gaga

"Poker Face"

Streamline/Interscope

10× Platinum

2015

Single

1990

Led Zeppelin

Led Zeppelin

Atlantic

10× Platinum

2006

Album (Boxed Set)

1983

Lionel Richie

Can't Slow Down

Motown

10× Platinum

1985

Album

2011

LMFAO

"Party Rock Anthem"

Interscope/Geffen/A&M

10× Platinum

2018

Single

2013

Lorde

"Royals"

Republic

10× Platinum

2017

Single

2017

Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee

"Despacito"

Universal Music Latino/Republic

10× Platinum

2018

Single

2012

Macklemore & Ryan Lewis

"Thrift Shop" (Featuring Wanz)

Macklemore, LLC

10× Platinum

2015

Single

1984

Madonna

Like a Virgin

Sire

10× Platinum

1998

Album

1990

Madonna

The Immaculate Collection

Sire

10× Platinum

2001

Album (Greatest Hits)

1995

Mariah Carey

Daydream

Columbia

10× Platinum

1998

Album

1993

Mariah Carey

Music Box

Columbia

10× Platinum

1997

Album

2014

Meghan Trainor

"All About That Bass"

Epic

10× Platinum

2018

Single

1987

Michael Jackson

Bad

Epic/Legacy

10× Platinum

2017

Album

2000

Nelly

Country Grammar

Republic

10× Platinum

2016

Album

2005

Nickelback

All the Right Reasons

Roadrunner

10× Platinum

2017

Album

1991

Nirvana

Nevermind

DGC

10× Platinum

1999

Album

1995

No Doubt

Tragic Kingdom

Trauma/Interscope

10× Platinum

1999

Album

2002

Norah Jones

Come Away With Me

Blue Note

10× Platinum

2005

Album

1967

Patsy Cline

Patsy Cline's Greatest Hits

MCA

10× Platinum

2005

Album (Greatest Hits)

1980

R.E.O. Speedwagon

Hi Infidelity

Epic/Legacy

10× Platinum

2017

Album

2013

Robin Thicke

"Blurred Lines"

Star Trak/Interscope

10× Platinum

2018

Single

1995

Smashing Pumpkins

Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness

Virgin

10× Platinum

2012

Album

1994

Soundtrack

The Lion King: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Disneyland

10× Platinum

1995

Album (Soundtrack)

1976

Stevie Wonder

Songs in the Key of Life

Motown

10× Platinum

2005

Album

2008

Taylor Swift

Fearless

Big Machine

10× Platinum

2017

Album

2009

The Black Eyed Peas

"I Gotta Feeling"

Interscope/Geffen/A&M

10× Platinum

2018

Single

1985

The Doors

The Best of The Doors

Elektra

10× Platinum

2007

Album (Greatest Hits)

1987

U2

The Joshua Tree

Island

10× Platinum

1995

Album

2004

Usher

Confessions

So So Def

10× Platinum

2008

Album

1978

Van Halen

Van Halen

Warner Bros.

10× Platinum

1996

Album

1984

Van Halen

1984 (MCMLXXXIV)

Warner Bros.

10× Platinum

1999

Album

1983

ZZ Top

Eliminator

Warner Bros.

10× Platinum

1996

Album

text: RIAA Diamante certifications[edit]

text: Diamante certified Latin albums and singles (1+ million for Latin albums certified before December 2013 and 600,000+ for Latin albums and singles certified after December 2013)[17]

text:
Year of Release

Artist(s)

Title

Label(s)

Certification

Year of Certification

Release Type

1995

Selena

Dreaming of You

Universal Music Latino

59× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Album

2017

Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee

"Despacito"

Universal Music Latino

55× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

1994

Selena

Amor Prohibido

Universal Music Latino

36× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Album

2005

Shakira

"La Tortura"

Epic

32× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

2017

Maluma

"Felices los 4"

Sony Music Latin

29× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

2015

Nicky Jam

"El Perdón"

Sony Music Latin

27× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2016

Nicky Jam

"Hasta el Amanecer"

Sony Music Latin

22× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2017

Becky G

"Mayores" (Featuring Bad Bunny)

Sony Music Latin

21× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

2017

Christian Nodal

"Adiós Amor"

Fonovisa

21× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

2013

Romeo Santos

"Propuesta Indecente"

Sony Music Latin

20× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2011

Romeo Santos

"Promise" (Featuring Usher)

Sony Music Latin

19× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2002

Selena

Ones

Universal Music Latino

18× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Album (Greatest Hits)

2016

Carlos Vives & Shakira

"La Bicicleta"

Sony Music Latin

17× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

2018

Farruko

"Krippy Kush"

Sony Music Latin

16× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

1993

Gloria Estefan

Mi Tierra

Epic

16× Platinum (Latin)

2000

Album

2013

Marc Anthony

"Vivir Mi Vida"

Sony Music Latin

16× Platinum (Latin)

2015

Single

2016

Shakira

"Chantaje" (Featuring Maluma)

Sony Music Latin

16× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2017

Natti Natasha & Ozuna

"Criminal"

Pina

15× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

1990

Ottmar Liebert

Nouveau Flamenco

Higher Octave

14× Platinum (Latin)

2002

Album

2017

Nicky Jam

"El Amante"

Sony Music Latin

13× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2014

Romeo Santos

"Odio" (Featuring Drake)

Sony Music Latin

13× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2016

Enrique Iglesias

"Duele el Corazón"

Sony Music Latin

12× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2015

Gente de Zona

"La Gozadera"

Sony Music Latin

12× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

1992

Maná

¿Dónde Jugarán los Niños?

WEA Latina

12× Platinum (Latin)

2000

Album

2017

Maluma

"Corazón"

Sony Music Latin

11× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

2017

Nicky Jam

Fénix

Sony Music Latin

11× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Album

2014

Romeo Santos

"Eres Mía"

Sony Music Latin

11× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Single

2014

Romeo Santos

Formula, Vol. 2

Sony Music Latin

11× Platinum (Latin)

2016

Album

2005

Shakira

Fijación Oral, Vol. 1

Epic

11× Platinum (Latin)

2009

Album

1996

Charlie Zaa

Sentimientos

Sonolux

10× Platinum (Latin)

2012

Album

2015

J Balvin

"Ginza"

Capitol Latin

10× Platinum (Latin)

2016

Single

2014

J Balvin

"Ay Vamos"

Capitol Latin

10× Platinum (Latin)

2015

Single

2013

J Balvin

"6 AM" (Featuring Farruko)

Capitol Latin

10× Platinum (Latin)

2015

Single

2017

Karol G

"Ahora Me Llama"

Universal Music Latino

10× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

1997

Maná

Sueños Líquidos

WEA Latina

10× Platinum (Latin)

2000

Album

2017

Nacho

"Báilame"

Universal Music Latino

10× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

2016

Nio Garcia, Casper Magico, Bad Bunny, Ozuna, Darell & Nicky Jam

"Te Boté Remix"

Flow La Movie, Inc.

10× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

2018

Reik

"Me niego" (Featuring Ozuna & Wisin)

Sony Music Latin

10× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single

1998

Selena

Anthology

Universal Music Latino

10× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Album (Greatest Hits)

1999

Selena

All My Hits: Todos Mis Exitos

Universal Music Latino

10× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Album (Greatest Hits)

1992

Selena

Entre a Mi Mundo

Universal Music Latino

10× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Album

1993

Selena

Mis Mejores Canciones: 17 Super Exitos

Universal Music Latino

10× Platinum (Latin)

2017

Album (Greatest Hits)

2010

Shakira

Sale El Sol

Sony Music Latin

10× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Album

2017

Shakira

El Dorado

Sony Music Latin

10× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Album

2015

Yandel

"Encantadora"

Sony Music Latin

10× Platinum (Latin)

2018

Single