document_title: Seat belt legislation

question_text: when did seat belts become compulsory in victoria

text: Seat belt legislation

text: National comparisons[edit]

text: Australia[edit]

text: In Australia, after the introduction of mandatory front outboard mounting points in 1964, the use of seat belts by all vehicle passengers was made compulsory in the states of Victoria and South Australia in 1970 and 1971, respectively.[1] By 1973, the use of fitted seat belts by vehicle occupants was made compulsory for the rest of Australia and some other countries during the 1970s and 1980s. The subsequent dramatic decline in road deaths is generally because of seat belt laws and subsequent road safety campaigns.[2][3][4] Seat belts are not required for bus occupants, reversing drivers, and those driving some slow moving vehicles. The laws for these differ depending on the state or territory with jurisdiction.

text: Canada[edit]

text: All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws. In 1976, Ontario was the first province to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts.[5]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, seat belts must be worn at all times if they are fitted to a vehicle unless reversing. Passengers may be exempt from wearing a seat belt for different reasons. Since September 18, 2006, children travelling in the UK must also use an appropriate child seat in addition to the standard seat belt, unless they are 12 years old and/or have reached at least 135 centimetres (53 in) in height.[6]

text: In the UK, a requirement for anchorage points was introduced in 1965, followed by the requirement in 1968 to fit three-point belts in the front outboard positions on all new cars and all existing cars back to 1965.[citation needed] Successive UK Governments proposed, but failed to deliver, seat belt legislation throughout the 1970s. Front seat belts were compulsory equipment on all new cars registered in the UK from 1972, although it did not become compulsory for them to be worn until 1983. Rear seat belts were compulsory equipment from 1986 and became compulsory for them to be worn in 1991. However, it has never been a legal requirement for cars registered before those dates to be fitted with seat belts.[7] In one such attempt in 1979 similar claims for potential lives and injuries saved were advanced. William Rodgers, then Secretary of State for Transport in the Callaghan Labour Government (1976–1979), stated: "On the best available evidence of accidents in this country - evidence which has not been seriously contested - compulsion could save up to 1000 lives and 10,000 injuries a year."[8]

text: United States[edit]

text: In the United States, seat belt legislation varies by state. The state of Wisconsin introduced legislation in 1961 requiring seat belts to be fitted to the front outboard seat positions of cars.[9] Seat belts have been mandatory equipment since the 1968 model year per Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208.

text: New York State passed the first law in the US mandating the use of seat belts in 1984 under the leadership of John D. States, an orthopedic surgeon who dedicated his career to improving automotive safety.[10] Depending on which state a driver is in, not wearing a seat belt in the front seat is either a primary offense or a secondary offense, with the exception of New Hampshire, which does not have a law requiring people over age 18 to wear a seat belt. In the front seat, the driver and each passenger must wear a seat belt, one person per belt. In some states, such as New York, New Hampshire, and Michigan, belts in the rear seats are not mandatory for people over the age of 16, though it is extremely advised. The driver and front-seat passengers aged 16 or older can be fined up to $50 each for failure to buckle up. In California, you must be 15 years or older to accompany the driver in the front seat. Children 14 and younger must sit in the rear seat until they reach the age of 15.Template:DMV.org

text: A primary offense means that a police officer can pull a driver over for the seat belt law violation alone, and secondary offense indicates that one can be punished for a seat belt law violation only if they are already pulled over for another reason. By January 2007 25 states and the District of Columbia had primary seat belt laws, 24 had secondary seat belt laws, and New Hampshire had no laws.[11] In 2009, Public Health Law Research published several evidence briefs summarizing the research assessing the effect of a specific law or policy on public health. One stated, "Safety belt laws work, but there is strong evidence to support that primary enforcement safety belt laws are more effective than secondary enforcement laws in increasing seat belt use and reducing crash injuries."[12]

text: Another found that "there is strong evidence that enhanced seat belt enforcement interventions can substantially increase seat belt use and its associated benefits."[13]

text: Developing countries[edit]

text: In many developing countries, pedestrians, cyclists, rickshaw operators and moped users represent the majority of road users.

text: In India, all cars manufactured after March 25, 1994 are equipped with front seat belts. The rule was extended for rear seats in 2002. The usage of seat belts is to be implemented by the respective states, with most states making seat belt usage for front seat passengers mandatory in 2002. Older vehicles that did not originally have seat belts were exempted. However, enforcement is weak in most parts of the country.

text: In Indonesia, belts are only mandatory for front seats. Many low entry car models are not equipped with rear seat belts.[14]

text: In Malaysia, the first stage of safety belt laws was implemented in 1979. This was expanded in January 2009 to include rear passengers. Passenger vehicles registered prior to January 1, 1995, and those weighing more than 3.5 tons are exempted from this rule. The third and fourth stages, which will deal with baby and child seats and the number of passengers in a vehicle, have not taken effect.[15]

text: In the Philippines, a seat belt law, Republic Act No. 8750, was approved in August 5, 1999. The law took effect in 2000 and requires all public and private vehicles, except motorcycles and tricycles, to have their front seats equipped with seat belts. Front seats as defined by the law includes the first row of seats behind the driver for public utility buses. Those below the age of six are prohibited to occupy the front seats of motor vehicles even if wearing a seat belt. Jeepneys are only required lap belts for the front seat passengers and the driver.[16][17]

text: The table below gives an overview of when seat belt legislation was first introduced in different countries. It includes both regional and national legislation.

text:
Country
Compulsory wearing
Compulsory fitting
Source

Cars
Bus passengers
Cars
Buses

Driver
Front passengers
Rear passengers

 Argentina
1994

1994
1994 (First row only, all in school buses)
[18]

 Australia
1970 (Victoria), 1971 (SA, NSW), 1972 (national), 1986 (child restraints)

1969, 1970 (back seat, Victoria) 1971 (back seat)
1983 (≤3.5 tonnes)
[19][20]

 Canada
1976

 Czech Republic
1966 (outside cities)
1990 (all)
1976
1990
2004
1968

[21]

 European Union
1993

[22]

 Finland
1975
1982
1987
2006

 France
1973 (outside cities), 1975 (cities at night), 1979 (all)
1990
2003
1967, 1978 (back seat)
2003
[22]
[23]

 Germany
1976
1984
1999
1970, 1979 (back seat)
1999
Angurtpflicht

 Hungary
1976

1993

[19]

 Hong Kong
1983
1983
1996
2004 (minibuses)
1996 (back seat)
2004 (minibuses)

[24]

 India

1994 (front seats), 2002 (rear seats)

 Ireland
1979

1992

1971 (front seats), 1992 (rear seats)

[25]

 Italy
1989
1990 (where available)‡
2006‡
1988 (new vehicles); 1989 (all*, front seats); 1990 (new vehicles, back seats); 2000 (all*, back seats)
2006
[26]

 Japan
1971† (1985)
1971 (no fines), 1985 (fines on freeway), 1993 (all)
2008
2008
1969

[22]

 Myanmar
2017
2017
2017
2016 (motorway buses enforced)

 Netherlands
1976
1992

1975 (front) 1990 (rear)

 New Zealand
1972
1972 (15 years and over), 1979 (8 years and over)
1989♣

1972 (vehicles registered after 1965), 1975 (after 1955)

[27]

 Philippines
2000 (those below 6 years prohibited to occupy front seats)

2000 (first row beside the driver's seat only)
2000
[28]

 Singapore
1973
1973
1993
2008 (small buses)
1973

 Spain
1975

 Sri Lanka
2011
2011

 Sweden
1975
1986
1969 (front) 1970 (rear)
2004
[22][29]

 Thailand
1996
2009

 United Kingdom
1983
1991
2006
1967 (front) 1987 (rear)

[30]

 United States
1984 (New York; seat belt use law is jurisdiction of individual states)

Wisconsin, 1961. Federally, front lap 1965 model year; front shoulder & rear lap 1968; 3-point front 1974

[22]

text:
* - actually only vehicles registered after 15 June 1976; in previous registered vehicles fitting is optional
† - required by the law, but no penalty for violation at the time
‡ - required by the law, but low enforcement
♣ - definitely introduced by this date, possibly earlier

text: Effects[edit]

text: Studies by road safety authorities conclude that seat belt legislation has reduced the number of casualties in road accidents.

text: Experiments using both crash test dummies and human cadavers also indicated that wearing seat belts should lead to reduced risk of death and injury in car crashes.

text: Studies of accident outcomes suggest that fatality rates among car occupants are reduced by between 30 and 50 percent if seat belts are worn. The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that death risks for a driver wearing a lap-shoulder seat belt are reduced by 48 percent. The same study indicated that in 2007, an estimated 15,147 lives were saved by seat belts in the United States and that if seat belt use were increased to 100 percent, an additional 5024 lives would have been saved.[31]

text: An earlier statistical analysis by the NHTSA claimed that seat belts save over 10,000 lives every year in the US.[32]

text: According to a more recent fact sheet produced by the NHTSA:

text: By 2009, despite large increases in population and the number of vehicles, road deaths in Victoria had fallen below 300, less than a third of the 1970 level, the lowest since records were kept, and far below the per capita rate in jurisdictions such as the United States. This reduction was generally attributed to aggressive road safety campaigns beginning with the seat belt laws.[34][35]

text: A 2008 study in the Journal of Health Economics found that mandatory seat belt laws in the U.S. "significantly increased seatbelt use among high school age youths by 45-80%" and "significantly reduced traffic fatalities and serious injuries resulting from fatal crashes by 8 and 9%, respectively."[36] The authors note that these "results suggest that if all states had primary enforcement seatbelt laws then regular youth seatbelt use would be nearly universal and youth fatalities would fall by about 120 per year."[36]

text: Opposition[edit]

text: A number of groups and individuals are opposed to seat belt legislation. The most common grounds for opposition are:

text:
The view that laws requiring the wearing of seat belts are an infringement of individual liberty.
Claims that official estimates of the number of lives saved by seat belts are overstated or fail to take into account additional risks for other road users.

text: Risk compensation and other theories[edit]

text: The most common basis for disputing estimates of the benefits of seat belts is risk compensation and risk homeostasis, advanced by researchers John Adams and Gerald Wilde. The idea of this theory is that, if the risk of death or injury from a car crash is reduced by the wearing of seat belts, drivers will respond by reducing the precautions they take against crashes. Adams accepts the hypothesis that wearing seat belts improves a vehicle occupant’s chances of surviving a crash.[37] In order to explain the disparity between the agreed improvement in crash survival and the observed results, Adams and Wilde argue that protecting someone from the consequences of risky behaviour may tend to encourage greater risk taking. Wilde states, "to compel a person to use protection from the consequences of hazardous driving, as seat belt laws do, is to encourage hazardous driving. A fine for non-compliance will encourage seat belt use, but the fact that the law fails to increase people's desire to be safe encourages compensatory behaviour." [38]

text: Studies and experiments have been carried out to examine the risk compensation theory. In one experiment subjects were asked to drive go-karts around a track under various conditions. It was found that subjects who started driving belted did not drive any slower when subsequently unbelted, but those who started driving unbelted did drive consistently faster when subsequently belted.[39] A study of habitual non-seat belt wearers driving in freeway conditions found evidence that they had adapted to seat belt use by adopting higher driving speeds and closer following distances.[40] In another study, taxi drivers who were habitual non-wearers were timed over a route with passengers who did, and others who did not, insist on the driver wearing a belt. They completed the route faster when belted.[41]

text: In addition to risk compensation, Adams has suggested other mechanisms that may lead to inaccurate or unsupportable predictions of positive benefits from seat belt legislation.

text:
Case-control studies based on voluntary use of safety aids can attribute to the aid benefits that actually come from the risk-averse nature of those likely to use them voluntarily (confounding), particularly early adopters.
Fatality rates are subject to considerable stochastic noise, and comparison of single years or short periods can be misleading.

text: Individual liberty[edit]

text: Opponents have objected to the laws on libertarian principles.[42] Some do so on the grounds that seat belt laws infringe on their civil liberties. For example, in a 1986 letter to the editor of the New York Times, a writer argued that seat belt legislation was "coercive" and that "a mandatory-seat-belt law violates the right to bodily privacy and self-control".[43]

text: A counterpoint to the libertarian view is that by reducing death and serious injury, mandatory seat belt use and enforcement of seat belt laws results in substantial social benefits. For example, an analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that in 2010 non-fatal injuries to motor vehicle occupants cost the United States $48 billion in medical expenses and lost work.[44] An example is an unbelted driver who kills or injures another road user because he/she slides out of proper seating position and cannot regain control of the vehicle during slippery conditions. Another notable scenario is of rear-seated passengers being forced forward in a crash and thus inadvertently harming the driver or front passenger. A University of Wisconsin study demonstrated that car accident victims who had not worn seat belts cost the hospital (and the state, in the case of the uninsured) on average 25% more.[45]

text: Side-effects of seat belts[edit]

text: Neck injuries can be caused by the deceleration from a high speed. The passengers head continues to move forward while the body is restrained, potentially causing paralyzing injuries. A study of such injuries notes, "Seatbelts save lives. However, they may cause injury to adjacent structures and when they malfunction can cause injury to the abdominal viscera, bony skeleton and vascular structures. The motor industry has attempted to reduce these injuries by modification of vehicle design and safety equipment."[46]


document_title: List of Game of Thrones episodes

question_text: when was the last episode of game of thrones aired

root

text: List of Game of Thrones episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Avg. U.S. viewers
(millions)

First aired
Last aired

1
10
April 17, 2011 (2011-04-17)
June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19)
2.52[13]

2
10
April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01)
June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03)
3.80[13]

3
10
March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31)
June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09)
4.97[14]

4
10
April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06)
June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)
6.84[15]

5
10
April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12)
June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14)
6.88[16]

6
10
April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24)
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)
7.69[17]

7
7
July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16)
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
10.26[18]

8
6
2019 (2019)[12]
2019 (2019)[12]
TBA

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2011)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Winter Is Coming"
Tim Van Patten
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 17, 2011 (2011-04-17)
2.22[19]

2
2
"The Kingsroad"
Tim Van Patten
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 24, 2011 (2011-04-24)
2.20[20]

3
3
"Lord Snow"
Brian Kirk
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 1, 2011 (2011-05-01)
2.44[21]

4
4
"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things"
Brian Kirk
Bryan Cogman
May 8, 2011 (2011-05-08)
2.45[22]

5
5
"The Wolf and the Lion"
Brian Kirk
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 15, 2011 (2011-05-15)
2.58[23]

6
6
"A Golden Crown"
Daniel Minahan
Story by : David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
Teleplay by : Jane Espenson and David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 22, 2011 (2011-05-22)
2.44[24]

7
7
"You Win or You Die"
Daniel Minahan
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 29, 2011 (2011-05-29)
2.40[25]

8
8
"The Pointy End"
Daniel Minahan
George R. R. Martin
June 5, 2011 (2011-06-05)
2.72[26]

9
9
"Baelor"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 12, 2011 (2011-06-12)
2.66[27]

10
10
"Fire and Blood"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19)
3.04[28]

text: Season 2 (2012)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"The North Remembers"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01)
3.86[29]

12
2
"The Night Lands"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 8, 2012 (2012-04-08)
3.76[30]

13
3
"What Is Dead May Never Die"
Alik Sakharov
Bryan Cogman
April 15, 2012 (2012-04-15)
3.77[31]

14
4
"Garden of Bones"
David Petrarca
Vanessa Taylor
April 22, 2012 (2012-04-22)
3.65[32]

15
5
"The Ghost of Harrenhal"
David Petrarca
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 29, 2012 (2012-04-29)
3.90[33]

16
6
"The Old Gods and the New"
David Nutter
Vanessa Taylor
May 6, 2012 (2012-05-06)
3.88[34]

17
7
"A Man Without Honor"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 13, 2012 (2012-05-13)
3.69[35]

18
8
"The Prince of Winterfell"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 20, 2012 (2012-05-20)
3.86[36]

19
9
"Blackwater"
Neil Marshall
George R. R. Martin
May 27, 2012 (2012-05-27)
3.38[37]

20
10
"Valar Morghulis"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03)
4.20[38]

text: Season 3 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

21
1
"Valar Dohaeris"
Daniel Minahan
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31)
4.37[39]

22
2
"Dark Wings, Dark Words"
Daniel Minahan
Vanessa Taylor
April 7, 2013 (2013-04-07)
4.27[40]

23
3
"Walk of Punishment"
David Benioff
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 14, 2013 (2013-04-14)
4.72[41]

24
4
"And Now His Watch Is Ended"
Alex Graves
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 21, 2013 (2013-04-21)
4.87[42]

25
5
"Kissed by Fire"
Alex Graves
Bryan Cogman
April 28, 2013 (2013-04-28)
5.35[43]

26
6
"The Climb"
Alik Sakharov
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 5, 2013 (2013-05-05)
5.50[44]

27
7
"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
Michelle MacLaren
George R. R. Martin
May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12)
4.84[45]

28
8
"Second Sons"
Michelle MacLaren
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 19, 2013 (2013-05-19)
5.13[46]

29
9
"The Rains of Castamere"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 2, 2013 (2013-06-02)
5.22[47]

30
10
"Mhysa"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09)
5.39[48]

text: Season 4 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

31
1
"Two Swords"
D. B. Weiss
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06)
6.64[49]

32
2
"The Lion and the Rose"
Alex Graves
George R. R. Martin
April 13, 2014 (2014-04-13)
6.31[50]

33
3
"Breaker of Chains"
Alex Graves
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 20, 2014 (2014-04-20)
6.59[51]

34
4
"Oathkeeper"
Michelle MacLaren
Bryan Cogman
April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27)
6.95[52]

35
5
"First of His Name"
Michelle MacLaren
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 4, 2014 (2014-05-04)
7.16[53]

36
6
"The Laws of Gods and Men"
Alik Sakharov
Bryan Cogman
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
6.40[54]

37
7
"Mockingbird"
Alik Sakharov
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)
7.20[55]

38
8
"The Mountain and the Viper"
Alex Graves
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 1, 2014 (2014-06-01)
7.17[56]

39
9
"The Watchers on the Wall"
Neil Marshall
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 8, 2014 (2014-06-08)
6.95[57]

40
10
"The Children"
Alex Graves
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)
7.09[58]

text: Season 5 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

41
1
"The Wars to Come"
Michael Slovis
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12)
8.00[59]

42
2
"The House of Black and White"
Michael Slovis
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 19, 2015 (2015-04-19)
6.81[60]

43
3
"High Sparrow"
Mark Mylod
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 26, 2015 (2015-04-26)
6.71[61]

44
4
"Sons of the Harpy"
Mark Mylod
Dave Hill
May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03)
6.82[62]

45
5
"Kill the Boy"
Jeremy Podeswa
Bryan Cogman
May 10, 2015 (2015-05-10)
6.56[63]

46
6
"Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken"
Jeremy Podeswa
Bryan Cogman
May 17, 2015 (2015-05-17)
6.24[64]

47
7
"The Gift"
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 24, 2015 (2015-05-24)
5.40[65]

48
8
"Hardhome"
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 31, 2015 (2015-05-31)
7.01[66]

49
9
"The Dance of Dragons"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 7, 2015 (2015-06-07)
7.14[67]

50
10
"Mother's Mercy"
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14)
8.11[68]

text: Season 6 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

51
1
"The Red Woman"
Jeremy Podeswa
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24)
7.94[69]

52
2
"Home"
Jeremy Podeswa
Dave Hill
May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01)
7.29[70]

53
3
"Oathbreaker"
Daniel Sackheim
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 8, 2016 (2016-05-08)
7.28[71]

54
4
"Book of the Stranger"
Daniel Sackheim
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)
7.82[72]

55
5
"The Door"
Jack Bender
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)
7.89[73]

56
6
"Blood of My Blood"
Jack Bender
Bryan Cogman
May 29, 2016 (2016-05-29)
6.71[74]

57
7
"The Broken Man"
Mark Mylod
Bryan Cogman
June 5, 2016 (2016-06-05)
7.80[75]

58
8
"No One"
Mark Mylod
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 12, 2016 (2016-06-12)
7.60[76]

59
9
"Battle of the Bastards"
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)
7.66[77]

60
10
"The Winds of Winter"
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)
8.89[78]

text: Season 7 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

61
1
"Dragonstone"
Jeremy Podeswa
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16)
10.11[79]

62
2
"Stormborn"
Mark Mylod
Bryan Cogman
July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)
9.27[80]

63
3
"The Queen's Justice"
Mark Mylod
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
9.25[81]

64
4
"The Spoils of War"
Matt Shakman
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
10.17[82]

65
5
"Eastwatch"
Matt Shakman
Dave Hill
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
10.72[83]

66
6
"Beyond the Wall"
Alan Taylor
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
10.24[84]

67
7
"The Dragon and the Wolf"
Jeremy Podeswa
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
12.07[85]

text: Season 8[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by [86][87]
Written by [88]
Original air date [12]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

68
1
TBA
David Nutter
Dave Hill
2019 (2019)
TBD

69
2
TBA
David Nutter
Bryan Cogman
2019 (2019)
TBD

70
3
TBA
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
2019 (2019)
TBD

71
4
TBA
David Nutter
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
2019 (2019)
TBD

72
5
TBA
Miguel Sapochnik
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
2019 (2019)
TBD

73
6
TBA
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
2019 (2019)
TBD

text: Home media releases[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
DVD release date

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

1
10
March 6, 2012[89]
March 5, 2012[90]
August 10, 2012[91]

2
10
February 19, 2013[92]
March 4, 2013[93]
March 6, 2013[94]

3
10
February 18, 2014[95]
February 17, 2014[96]
February 19, 2014[97]

4
10
February 17, 2015[98]
February 16, 2015[99]
February 18, 2015[100]

5
10
March 15, 2016[101]
March 14, 2016[102]
March 16, 2016[103]

6
10
November 15, 2016[104]
November 14, 2016[105]
November 16, 2016[106]

7
7
December 12, 2017[107]
December 11, 2017[108]
December 11, 2017[109]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Average

1
2.22
2.20
2.44
2.45
2.58
2.44
2.40
2.72
2.66
3.04
2.52[110]

2
3.86
3.76
3.77
3.65
3.90
3.88
3.69
3.86
3.38
4.20
3.80[110]

3
4.37
4.27
4.72
4.87
5.35
5.50
4.84
5.13
5.22
5.39
4.97[111]

4
6.64
6.31
6.59
6.95
7.16
6.40
7.20
7.17
6.95
7.09
6.84[112]

5
8.00
6.81
6.71
6.82
6.56
6.24
5.40
7.01
7.14
8.11
6.88[113]

6
7.94
7.29
7.28
7.82
7.89
6.71
7.80
7.60
7.66
8.89
7.69[114]

7
10.11
9.27
9.25
10.17
10.72
10.24
12.07
N/A
10.26[115]


document_title: List of Fulham F.C. seasons

question_text: when did fulham get promoted to the premier league

text: List of Fulham F.C. seasons

text: Fulham Football Club is an English professional football team based in Fulham in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The club was formed in West Kensington in 1879 as Fulham St Andrew's Church Sunday School F.C., shortened to Fulham F.C. in 1888.[1] They initially played at Fulham Fields before a move to Craven Cottage in 1896; the club played their first professional match in December 1898 and made their FA Cup debut in the 1902–03 season.

tag: p

text: The club competed in the Southern Football League between 1898 and 1907, when they were accepted into the Football League Second Division.[1] Having spent much of their history outside the top division, the team gained promotion to the Premier League in 2001.[2][3]

text: Fulham reached the final of the UEFA Europa League in 2010.[4] To date they are the club with the highest number of seasons in the top flight (25) without having achieved a single honour. Their highest position in the English football league system was 7th in the Premier League in 2008–09, while their lowest position was 17th in the Third Division (by then the fourth tier) in 1995–96.

text: The following table gives a record of every season of the club from their first professional season in the Southern Football League Division 2, to the present day, in the EFL Championship. It details the club's achievements in major competitions, their managers, and the top scorers in the league for each season. The table is correct up to the end of the 2012–13 season.

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
Season

Division

Position

Manager(s)

FA Cup

League Cup

Europe

Top scorer(s) (League only)

1898–99  Details

Southern League Div 2(London section)

10th/12

None

Did not enter

n/a

n/a

George SheeranFreddie Hopkinson

9

1899–00 Details

Southern League Div 2(London section)

2nd/11

None

Did not enter

n/a

n/a

David Lloyd

14

1900–01 Details

Southern League Div 2(London section)

5th/9

None

Did not enter

n/a

n/a

Tommy Meade

16

1901–02 Details

Southern League Div 2(London section)

1st/9

None

Did not enter

n/a

n/a

Tommy Meade

29

1902–03 Details

Southern League Div 2(London section)

1st/6

None

Qualifying round

n/a

n/a

David LloydTommy Meade

9

1903–04 Details

Southern League Div 1

11th/18

None

First round

n/a

n/a

Harry Fletcher

15

1904–05 Details

Southern League Div 1

6th/18

Harry Bradshaw

Quarter-finals

n/a

n/a

Willie Wardrope

26

1905–06Details

Southern League Div 1

1st/18

Harry Bradshaw

Second round

n/a

n/a

Willie Wardrope

14

1906–07Details

Southern League Div 1

1st/20

Harry Bradshaw

Second round

n/a

n/a

Walter Freeman

16

1907–08Details

Football League Div 2

4th/20

Harry Bradshaw

Semi-finals

n/a

n/a

Robert Dalrymple

19

1908–09Details

Football League Div 2

10th/20

Harry Bradshaw

Second round

n/a

n/a

Fred Harrison

13

1909–10 Details

Football League Div 2

7th/20

Phil Kelso

Second round

n/a

n/a

Fred Harrison

14

1910–11 Details

Football League Div 2

10th/20

Phil Kelso

First round

n/a

n/a

James Smith

11

1911–12 Details

Football League Div 2

8th/20

Phil Kelso

Quarter-finals

n/a

n/a

Bert Pearce

21

1912–13 Details

Football League Div 2

9th/20

Phil Kelso

First round

n/a

n/a

Tim Coleman

20

1913–14 Details

Football League Div 2

11th/20

Phil Kelso

First round

n/a

n/a

Bert Pearce

14

1914–15 Details

Football League Div 2

12th/20

Phil Kelso

Second round

n/a

n/a

Harry Lee

16

1915–16 Details

—[5]

n/a

Phil Kelso

n/a

n/a

n/a

Will Taylor

21

1916–17 Details

—[5]

n/a

Phil Kelso

n/a

n/a

n/a

Gordon Hoare

23

1917–18 Details

—[5]

n/a

Phil Kelso

n/a

n/a

n/a

Harry Morris

24

1918–19 Details

—[5]

n/a

Phil Kelso

n/a

n/a

n/a

Johnny McIntyre

16

1919–20 Details

Football League Div 2

6th/22

Phil Kelso

First round

n/a

n/a

Donald Cock

25

1920–21 Details

Football League Div 2

9th/22

Phil Kelso

Third round

n/a

n/a

Barney Travers

11

1921–22 Details

Football League Div 2

7th/22

Phil Kelso

Second round

n/a

n/a

Barney Travers

17

1922–23 Details

Football League Div 2

10th/22

Phil Kelso

First round

n/a

n/a

Frank Osborne

10

1923–24 Details

Football League Div 2

20th/22

Phil Kelso

Second round

n/a

n/a

George Edmonds

13

1924–25 Details

Football League Div 2

12th/22

Andy Ducat

Second round

n/a

n/a

Bill Prowse

16

1925–26 Details

Football League Div 2

19th/22

Andy Ducat

Quarter-finals[6]

n/a

n/a

Albert Pape

11

1926–27 Details

Football League Div 2

18th/22

Joe Bradshaw

Fourth round[6]

n/a

n/a

Johnny Tonner

13

1927–28 Details

Football League Div 2

21st/22

Joe Bradshaw

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Sid Elliott

26

1928–29 Details

Football League Div 3 South

5th/22

Joe Bradshaw

Second round

n/a

n/a

Jimmy Temple

26

1929–30  Details

Football League Div 3 South

7th/22

Ned Liddell

Fourth round

n/a

n/a

Bill Haley

21

1930–31 Details

Football League Div 3 South

9th/22

Ned Liddell

Third round

n/a

n/a

Jim Hammond

14

1931–32 Details

Football League Div 3 South

1st/22

Jimmy McIntyre

Third round

n/a

n/a

Frank Newton

43

1932–33 Details

Football League Div 2

3rd/22

Jimmy McIntyre

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Frank Newton

27

1933–34 Details

Football League Div 2

16th/22

Jimmy McIntyre

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Jim Hammond

15

1934–35 Details

Football League Div 2

7th/22

Jimmy Hogan

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Jim Hammond

22

1935–36 Details

Football League Div 2

9th/22

Jack Peart

Semi-finals[6]

n/a

n/a

Jim Hammond

15

1936–37 Details

Football League Div 2

11th/22

Jack Peart

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

19

1937–38 Details

Football League Div 2

8th/22

Jack Peart

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

17

1938–39 Details

Football League Div 2

12th/22

Jack Peart

Fourth round[6]

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

21

1939–40 Details

—[7]

n/a

Jack Peart

n/a

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

27

1940–41 Details

—[7]

n/a

Jack Peart

n/a

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

24

1941–42 Details

—[7]

n/a

Jack Peart

n/a

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

30

1942–43 Details

—[7]

n/a

Jack Peart

n/a

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

23

1943–44 Details

—[7]

n/a

Jack Peart

n/a

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

32

1944–45 Details

—[7]

n/a

Jack Peart

n/a

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

27

1945–46 Details

—[7]

n/a

Jack Peart

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

33

1946–47 Details

Football League Div 2

15th/22

Jack Peart

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Ronnie Rooke

13

1947–48 Details

Football League Div 2

11th/22

Jack Peart

Quarter-finals[6]

n/a

n/a

Arthur Stevens

11

1948–49 Details

Football League Div 2

1st/22

Frank Osborne

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Bob Thomas

23

1949–50 Details

Football League Div 1

17th/22

Bill Dodgin Snr

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Bob Thomas

10

1950–51 Details

Football League Div 1

18th/22

Bill Dodgin Snr

Quarter-finals[6]

n/a

n/a

Bob Thomas

14

1951–52 Details

Football League Div 1

22nd/22

Bill Dodgin Snr

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Bedford Jezzard

8

1952–53 Details

Football League Div 2

8th/22

Bill Dodgin Snr

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Bedford Jezzard

35

1953–54 Details

Football League Div 2

8th/22

Frank Osborne

Fourth round[6]

n/a

n/a

Bedford Jezzard

39

1954–55 Details

Football League Div 2

14th/22

Frank Osborne

Third round[6]

n/a

n/a

Bedford JezzardBobby Robson

23

1955–56 Details

Football League Div 2

9th/22

Frank Osborne / Dug Livingstone

Fourth round[6]

n/a

n/a

Bedford Jezzard

27

1956–57 Details

Football League Div 2

11th/22

Dug Livingstone

Fourth round[6]

n/a

n/a

Roy Dwight

25

1957–58 Details

Football League Div 2

5th/22

Dug Livingstone

Semi-finals[6]

n/a

n/a

Roy Dwight

22

1958–59 Details

Football League Div 2

2nd/22

Bedford Jezzard

Fourth round[6]

n/a

n/a

Johnny Haynes

25

1959–60 Details

Football League Div 1

10th/22

Bedford Jezzard

Fourth round[6]

n/a

n/a

Graham Leggat

18

1960–61 Details

Football League Div 1

17th/22

Bedford Jezzard

Third round[6]

First round

n/a

Graham Leggat

23

1961–62 Details

Football League Div 1

20th/22

Bedford Jezzard

Semi-finals[6]

First round

n/a

Maurice CookGraham Leggat

14

1962–63 Details

Football League Div 1

16th/22

Bedford Jezzard

Third round[6]

Fourth round[8]

n/a

Maurice Cook

15

1963–64 Details

Football League Div 1

15th/22

Bedford Jezzard

Fourth round[6]

Second round[8]

n/a

Graham Leggat

15

1964–65 Details

Football League Div 1

20th/22

Bedford Jezzard

Third round[6]

Third round[8]

n/a

Rodney Marsh

17

1965–66 Details

Football League Div 1

20th/22

Vic Buckingham

Third round[6]

Fourth round[8]

n/a

Graham Leggat

16

1966–67 Details

Football League Div 1

18th/22

Vic Buckingham

Fourth round[6]

Fourth round[8]

n/a

Allan Clarke

24

1967–68 Details

Football League Div 1

22nd/22

Vic Buckingham / Bobby Robson

Fourth round[6]

Quarter-finals[8]

n/a

Allan Clarke

20

1968–69 Details

Football League Div 2

22nd/22

Bobby Robson / Bill Dodgin Jnr

Fourth round[6]

Second round[8]

n/a

Brian Dear

7

1969–70 Details

Football League Div 3

4th/24

Bill Dodgin Jnr

First round

Second round

n/a

Steve Earle

22

1970–71 Details

Football League Div 3

2nd/24

Bill Dodgin Jnr

First round

Quarter-finals

n/a

Les Barrett

15

1971–72 Details

Football League Div 2

20th/22

Bill Dodgin Jnr

Fourth round[6]

Second round

n/a

Steve Earle

11

1972–73 Details

Football League Div 2

9th/22

Alec Stock

Third round[6]

Second round

n/a

Steve Earle

15

1973–74 Details

Football League Div 2

13th/22

Alec Stock

Fourth round[6]

Second round[8]

n/a

Viv Busby

11

1974–75 Details

Football League Div 2

9th/22

Alec Stock

Runners-up[6]

Fourth round[8]

n/a

Viv Busby

11

1975–76 Details

Football League Div 2

12th/22

Alec Stock

Third round[6]

Third round[8]

n/a

John Mitchell

10

1976–77 Details

Football League Div 2

17th/22

Bobby Campbell

Third round[6]

Third round[8]

n/a

John Mitchell

19

1977–78 Details

Football League Div 2

10th/22

Bobby Campbell

Third round[6]

First round

n/a

John Mitchell

9

1978–79 Details

Football League Div 2

10th/22

Bobby Campbell

Fourth round[6]

Second round[8]

n/a

Chris Guthrie

13

1979–80 Details

Football League Div 2

20th/22

Bobby Campbell

Third round[6]

Second round[8]

n/a

Gordon Davies

15

1980–81 Details

Football League Div 3

13th/24

Malcolm Macdonald

Fourth round

First round

n/a

Gordon Davies

18

1981–82 Details

Football League Div 3

3rd/24

Malcolm Macdonald

Second round

Fourth round

n/a

Gordon Davies

24

1982–83 Details

Football League Div 2

4th/22

Malcolm Macdonald

Fourth round[6]

Second round

n/a

Gordon Davies

19

1983–84 Details

Football League Div 2

11th/22

Malcolm Macdonald

Third round[6]

Third round[8]

n/a

Gordon Davies

21

1984–85 Details

Football League Div 2

9th/22

Ray Harford

Third round[6]

Third round[8]

n/a

Robert Wilson

11

1985–86 Details

Football League Div 2

22nd/22

Ray Harford

Third round[6]

Third round[8]

n/a

Dean Coney

12

1986–87 Details

Football League Div 3

18th/24

Ray Lewington

Third round

Second round

n/a

Dean Coney

10

1987–88 Details

Football League Div 3

9th/24

Ray Lewington

First round

Second round

n/a

Leroy Rosenior

20

1988–89 Details

Football League Div 3

4th/24

Ray Lewington

First round

First round

n/a

Gordon Davies

14

1989–90 Details

Football League Div 3

20th/24

Ray Lewington

Second round

Second round

n/a

Clive Walker

13

1990–91  Details

Football League Div 3

21st/24

Alan Dicks

Second round

First round

n/a

Gordon Davies

6

1991–92  Details

Football League Div 3

9th/24

Don Mackay

First round

First round

n/a

Gary Brazil

14

1992–93 Details

Football League Div 2[9]

12th/24

Don Mackay

First round

First round

n/a

Sean Farrell

12

1993–94 Details

Football League Div 2

21st/24

Don Mackay

First round

Second round

n/a

Gary Brazil

14

1994–95 Details

Football League Div 3

8th/22

Ian Branfoot

Second round

Second round

n/a

Simon Morgan

11

1995–96 Details

Football League Div 3

17th/24

Ian Branfoot / Micky Adams

Third round

Second round

n/a

Mike Conroy

9

1996–97 Details

Football League Div 3

2nd/24

Micky Adams

First round

Second round

n/a

Mike Conroy

23

1997–98 Details

Football League Div 2

6th/24

Micky Adams / Ray Wilkins / Kevin Keegan

Third round

Second round

n/a

Paul Moody

15

1998–99 Details

Football League Div 2

1st/24

Kevin Keegan

Fifth round

Third round

n/a

Geoff Horsfield

15

1999–00 Details

Football League Div 1

9th/24

Paul Bracewell / Jean Tigana

Fifth round[6]

Quarter–finals

n/a

Lee Clark

8

2000–01 Details

Football League Div 1

1st/24

Jean Tigana

Third round[6]

Quarter-finals

n/a

Louis Saha

27

2001–02 Details

Premier League

13th/20

Jean Tigana

Semi-finals[6]

Fourth round[8]

n/a

Barry HaylesSteed MalbranqueLouis Saha

8

2002–03 Details

Premier League

14th/20

Jean Tigana / Chris Coleman

Fifth round[6]

Fourth round[6]

UEFA CupThird round[10]

Steed Malbranque

6

2003–04 Details

Premier League

9th/20

Chris Coleman

Quarter-finals[6]

Second round[8]

n/a

Louis Saha

13

2004–05 Details

Premier League

13th/20

Chris Coleman

Fifth round[6]

Quarter-finals[8]

n/a

Andy Cole

12

2005–06 Details

Premier League

12th/20

Chris Coleman

Third round[6]

Third round[8]

n/a

Collins John

11

2006–07  Details

Premier League

16th/20

Chris Coleman / Lawrie Sanchez

Fifth round[6]

Second round[8]

n/a

Brian McBride

9

2007–08 Details

Premier League

17th/20

Lawrie Sanchez / Roy Hodgson

Third round[6]

Third round[8]

n/a

Clint Dempsey

6

2008–09 Details

Premier League

7th/20

Roy Hodgson

Quarter Finals

Fourth round[8]

n/a

Andrew Johnson

10

2009–10 Details

Premier League

12th/20

Roy Hodgson

Quarter Finals

Third round

UEFA Europa LeagueRunners-up

Bobby Zamora

8

2010–11 Details

Premier League

8th/20

Mark Hughes

Fifth round

Third round

n/a

Clint Dempsey

13

2011–12 Details

Premier League

9th/20

Martin Jol

Fourth round

Third round

UEFA Europa LeagueGroup stage

Clint Dempsey

17

2012–13 Details

Premier League

12th/20

Martin Jol

Fourth round

Second round

n/a

Dimitar Berbatov

15

2013–14 Details

Premier League

19th/20

Martin Jol / René Meulensteen / Felix Magath

Fourth round

Fourth round

n/a

Steve Sidwell

8

2014–15 Details

Football League Championship

17th/24

Felix Magath / Kit Symons

Fourth round

Fourth round

n/a

Ross McCormack

17

2015–16 Details

Football League Championship

20th/24

Kit Symons / Slavisa Jokanovic

Third round

Third round

n/a

Ross McCormack

21

2016–17 Details

Football League Championship

6th/24

Slavisa Jokanovic

Fifth round

Third round

n/a

Tom Cairney

12

2017–18 Details

Football League Championship

3rd/24

Slavisa Jokanovic

Third round

Second round

n/a

Ryan Sessegnon

15


document_title: New York, I Love You XOXO

question_text: who did blair end up with in gossip girl

text: New York, I Love You XOXO

text: Plot[edit]

text: The series finale picked up where the previous episode left off, where Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Bart argue on the roof ending with Bart falling off the building. Chuck and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) leave the scene and hide from the police as Chuck is considered "a person of interest" in the case. Jack Bass (Desmond Harrington), Chuck's uncle, comes to help him and suggests the two get married since spousal privilege prevents a wife from unwillingly testifying against her husband. Chuck thus proposes to Blair who tearfully accepts. Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) discovers the alternate chapter about her that Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) wrote and put in her bag before she left for Los Angeles. She reads the chapter and decides to stay in New York to confront Dan. William van der Woodsen (William Baldwin) shows up to support Lily Bass (Kelly Rutherford) and tells Ivy Dickens (Kaylee DeFer) that he used her to get back to Lily.

text: With the death of Bart Bass, Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford) who is running the newspaper The Spectator, is no longer indebted to him (Bart paid his debts to control him) and he decides to find out for good who Gossip Girl is. Jack and Georgina Sparks (Michelle Trachtenberg) deal with the arrangements of Chuck and Blair's wedding. Before the ceremony, Serena and Blair have a conversation over why she is still talking to Dan after he published a negative chapter about her a few weeks ago. Overhearing their conversation, Dan leaves and gives to Nate his final chapter, which is about Gossip Girl. Blair and Chuck are married by Cyrus (Wallace Shawn) and right after, the police arrive to question them. At the same time, everyone's phones ring: Dan's chapter has been published in The Spectator, in which he reveals that he is Gossip Girl. Various characters react over the Gossip Girl reveal, including Vanessa (Jessica Szohr), Juliet (Katie Cassidy), Agnes (Willa Holland) and Lola (Ella Rae Peck), as well as Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Rachel Bilson, preparing to audition for a role in the adaptation of Dan's book, is told of Gossip Girl's identity by Kristen Bell, who shares a conspiratorial wink with the audience. Dan finally explains why he created Gossip Girl and says Jenny (Taylor Momsen) knew it all along.

text: 5 Years Later: It's the day of Dan and Serena's wedding. Chuck and Blair are now parents of a son named Henry. Nate, now a successful businessman with The Spectator flourishing, is likely to run for Mayor of New York. Ivy has written an autobiography about her career as a con artist in the Upper East Side, which was adapted into a film starring both Lola and Olivia Burke (Hilary Duff). Blair and Jenny have become business partners in the fashion world and together they have created a clothing line called "J for Waldorf". Lily and William are back together while Rufus (Matthew Settle) is in a relationship with Lisa Loeb. Jack Bass and Georgina have also become a couple. The final scene shows the new generation of high school kids on the Upper East Side, mirroring the elite and the exclusion. The show ends as a new Gossip Girl is teased as "there will always be someone on the outside wanting to get in."

text: Production[edit]

text: The episode was written by Stephanie Savage, while Mark Piznarski directed it.[1] On October 31, 2012, TVLine revealed the title of the finale would be "New York, I Love You XOXO".[2] Filming of the episode took place in October 2012 in New York. Some scenes were filmed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art while Blair and Chuck's wedding scene was filmed near the Bethesda Terrace.[3][4] Featured music included Great Northern's cover of "Bonnie & Clyde",[5] Rihanna's Pon De Replay,[6] Imagine Dragons's "It's Time",[7] Release the Sunbird's cover of Talking Heads' "Road to Nowhere",[6] The Mynabirds' "Body of Work",[6] Florence and the Machine's "You've Got the Love",[6] and The Pretty Reckless' "Kill Me" as closing song.[8]

text: On October 5, 2012, executive producers Stephanie Savage and Sara Goodman told the reveal of who was behind Gossip Girl would happen in the sixth and final season.[9] Savage said they didn't plan at first to reveal the identity of Gossip Girl but that they changed their minds because of the fifth season's storyline.[10] On November 14, 2012, TVLine announced there would be a flashforward in the finale.[11] Savage later told there would also be a flashback.[10]

text: Costume designer Eric Daman dressed Blair (Meester) with a headband and Chuck (Westwick) with a scarf (in the flashback) as a tribute to previous seasons.[12] Blair wore an Elie Saab dress for her wedding, while Serena (Lively) wore a Missoni dress.[13] Serena's wedding dress was designed by Georges Chakra.[14] Jenny (Momsen) and Blair both wore Zuhair Murad dresses to Serena and Dan's wedding[15][16] while Georgina's dress was designed by Robert Rodriguez.[17]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Several former cast members returned for the finale. Desmond Harrington reprised his role as Chuck's uncle, Jack Bass.[18] News of Connor Paolo and Taylor Momsen's returns surfaced on October 16, 2012 when Kelly Rutherford posted on Instagram a picture of them on set.[19] Katie Cassidy,[20] Ella Rae Peck, Jessica Szohr, and Willa Holland also returned for small appearances. Long-time narrator Kristen Bell appeared in the episode as herself reading her lines alongside Rachel Bilson.[21][22] On Bell's cameo Savage told: "It was really funny and very, very special to be shooting with her. She's an intimate part of our family but yet we never get to see her. To be able to make her a part of our storytelling just felt like the perfect way to crown her work with us over the years."[10] She added: "If you’re going to have those two ladies together in a scene then we wanted to have fun and play to their strengths. So Josh Schwartz and I came up with the whole idea... To be able to have Kristen onscreen for the finale was great. And to have Rachel do it with her was just the icing on the cake."[23] The episode also included cameo-appearances by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Lisa Loeb.[24][25] Loeb, who had previously appeared in the show during the first season,[26] ended up as Rufus' final partner. The writers made this choice so that he would not be alone but with someone from "his world", another musician.[23]

text: Reception[edit]

text: "New York, I Love You XOXO" was first broadcast on December 17, 2012 in the United States on The CW Television Network (The CW). The episode in the United States was watched by 1.55 million people and scored a 0.8/2 Nielsen rating/share in the adults among the 18–49 demographic, making it the most watched episode since April 25, 2011.[27]

text: Sandra Gonzalez of Entertainment Weekly gave a positive review of the final installment, summarizing it as "a perfect balance of nostalgia, mythology, wit, trickery, and closure". Despite calling the choice of Dan being Gossip Girl "edgy, daring and probably dripping in inconsistency," she was satisfied that "it didn’t turn out to be an unknown person or peripheral character. The writers chose Gossip Girl straight from the heart of the gang — and that decision deserves some respect." She also appreciated the flashbacks describing them as "charming" as well as Chuck and Blair's wedding, which she called "gorgeous", and enjoyed the guest-star appearances.[28] Writing for Newsday, Verne Gay thought the reveal of who was behind Gossip Girl was not surprising but was "a nice sort of perverse poetic justice."[29] The Hollywood Reporter's Philiana Ng wrote the episode "reminded viewers of what Gossip Girl ultimately is and should be remembered as: a soapy, cheeky guilty pleasure."[30] Rating it 4.8/5, Courtney Morrison of TV Fanatic described the finale as "epic". She liked Desmond Harrington's return and picked the five-year flash forward as a highlight of the episode. Even if she was surprised that Dan turned out to be Gossip Girl, she found that it "made sense".[31]

text: However The A.V. Club gave the episode a grade F, citing that it was "excruciatingly boring". They also criticised the revelation that Dan was Gossip Girl "so he not only, um, used Gossip Girl as a platform for spreading rumors, denigrating his friends, revealing his sister’s sex life in public and embarrassing ways, and, oh yes, nearly getting himself expelled (that is some ninja double-crossing skill)—he was using it to try to impress a girl that was literally the subject of his stalker-takedown-campaign for at least two years, if not for the run of the entire show."[32]


document_title: Journey 2: The Mysterious Island

question_text: who played the girl in journey 2 the mysterious island

text: Journey 2: The Mysterious Island

text: Plot[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: It has been four years since the events of the first movie. Seventeen-year-old Sean Anderson (Josh Hutcherson) is caught by the police after a brief chase on his dirtbike which ends with him driving into a swimming pool while trying to evade them. Minutes later, his stepfather Hank (Dwayne Johnson) arrives when a police officer (Stephen Caudill), who is friends with Hank tells him that Sean has illegally broken into a remote satellite research center, and that he has talked Mr. and Mrs. McGillicutty (the owners of the swimming pool) out of pressing charges. Hank takes Sean home where his mother Elizabeth (Kristin Davis) is not pleased with his actions and/or the fact that he and Hank don't get along well.

text: Hank discovers that Sean trespassed in the satellite research center in order to boost the signal of a code Sean received from someone he suspects is Alexander Anderson, Sean's grandfather who had been missing for two years. Wanting to bond with his stepson, the next day Hank helps Sean decipher the code of Jules Verne characters which lead to three books: Treasure Island, Gulliver's Travels, and Verne's own Mysterious Island. Using the books' individual island maps, Hank suspects they are books about the same island and uses a back light in order to make them all one completed land mass with the coordinates to its location. Hank manages to convince Liz to let both of them go in search of the island, in the slight hope of proving Sean wrong, that there is no so-called mysterious island there.

text: They arrive in Palau where they need transportation to travel to this dangerous part of the ocean. A Palauan helicopter tourism guide Gabato (Luis Guzman) and his daughter Kailani (Vanessa Hudgens), who Sean develops an immediate crush on, agree to fly them out to the island for $3,000, but the helicopter gets caught in a category 5 hurricane and they crash into the Pacific, waking up on the island.

text: Moving into the island, they discover one of the laws of the Mysterious Island is that, traditionally big animals are small and traditionally small animals are big (inspiring Lilliput from Gulliver's Travels). The crew discover tiny elephants and giant butterflies, which are the first creatures they come across on the island. The group decides to explore further into the island.

text: After leaving that part of the island they come across an egg clutch belonging to a Giant Frilled Lizard, they are then saved by Sean's grandfather Alexander (Michael Caine) who takes them to a large hut he'd built from the wreckage of the ship that brought him to the island, called the Blue-Eyed Lucy. He has a working radio, but due to the positioning of the communications satellite it will be two weeks before they could call for help.

text: The next morning, Alexander leads the group to the lost city of Atlantis which is usually submerged in the ocean and he also calculates that the island sinks once every 70 years. However, the sea water appearing from the ground is the evidence that Alexander's calculations are wrong, and that the island will sink in a couple of days. Their only means of salvation seems to be the legendary Nautilus (Captain Nemo's submarine), hidden somewhere on the island. Kailani enters Nemo's crypt and finds his journal, which shows the whereabouts of the ship in a cave at Poseidon's Cliffs. They decide to go to that cave through the heart of the island.

text: They mount giant bees in order to fly over a high ridge and make up time, but encounter large birds that try to devour the bees. After saving Kailani's life, Sean crashes and dislocates his ankle. Hank and Alexander patch up Sean's ankle the best way they can. Afterward, they have a bonding moment when Hank sings his rendition of "What a Wonderful World" to ease Sean's pain.

text: The next morning, the water has risen greatly and Hank deduces that the island will sink in a matter of hours, not days. Gabato is missing, having gone toward the island's golden volcano (which was the inspiration for Treasure Island) in search of the funds to give his daughter a better life. While Alexander and Kailani go after him, Sean and Hank head for Poseidon's Cliffs to look for the Nautilus. Alexander also finally calls Hank by his preferred name, as up to that point he only called him "Henry" and the family makes up.

text: To deal with the rising water after finding the Nautilus' cave underwater, Sean and Hank create makeshift oxygen tanks and dive down fifty feet in order to obtain the Nautilus and are nearly killed by a giant electric eel. They are unable to power the ship however, because the vessel's batteries have run down due to being 140 years old. They engineer a way to power the submarine from the electric eel's electricity.

text: Meanwhile, Kailani and Alexander find Gabato and convince him to escape with them instead of trying for the golden volcano. They head towards the shore as the island begins to suddenly and violently rip itself apart. The golden volcano starts to erupt violently, pouring lava all over the area. Highly flammable lava bombs are thrown from the golden volcano into the air and suddenly land on the sinking island's debris. Sean and Hank use a harpoon to get an electrical jump start from the electric eel swarming around them and they are able to power the machine, just in time to pick up the others who had fallen into the water. Gabato pilots the submarine out of harm's way while Hank and Sean fire torpedoes into the path of falling island debris. As they clear the dangers, Kailani finally kisses Sean for his bravery.

text: Six months later, Kailani and Gabato are well off. Gabato is now running the most popular tourist attraction on Palau providing tours aboard the Nautilus and Kailani is attending college. Kailani goes to visit Sean on his birthday. While they are celebrating, Alexander shows up with a book for Sean's birthday present. Sean opens it to find Jules Verne's From the Earth to the Moon, Alexander's suggestion for a new adventure with the family, to which Liz protests. Hank replies "What could possibly go wrong? It's only the moon!"

text: During the credits, the mini-elephants from the earlier scene are swimming underwater over Atlantis.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dwayne Johnson as Hank Parsons
Sean's stepfather and a former Navy code breaker.
Josh Hutcherson as Sean Anderson
Hank's stepson who wants to find his missing grandfather on the Mysterious Island. Hutcherson is the only cast member to return from the first film.
Michael Caine as Alexander Anderson
Sean's grandfather who is also the father of Max and Trevor Anderson.
Vanessa Hudgens as Kailani Laguatan
Gabato's daughter whom Sean falls in love with and who is part of the father-daughter tour guide team.
Luis Guzmán as Gabato "Gabby" Laguatan
Kailani's father, who is part of the father-daughter tour guide team.
Kristin Davis as Elizabeth "Liz" Parsons
Sean's mother and Hank's wife.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: After the commercial success of the first film, Walden Media and New Line Cinema purchased Richard Outten's spec script, Mysterious Travels, in March 2009 to serve as the basis for the film. In the story, the characters embark on a journey to a mysterious uncharted island thought to have inspired the writing of three literary classics: Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, and Jules Verne's Mysterious Island. Brian Gunn and Mark Gunn were chosen to revise Outten's script. Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema announced that Journey 2: The Mysterious Island would be released on February 10, 2012.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Brendan Fraser and Anita Briem did not return due to scheduling issues, but Josh Hutcherson reprised his role. Jane Wheeler also did not return to play Elizabeth/Liz (Sean's mother) and was replaced in the part by Kristin Davis. Dwayne Johnson played Sean's stepfather, who is forced to accompany Sean on the trip to find his missing grandfather Alexander (played by Michael Caine) on a mythical and monstrous island. In October 2010, it was announced that Vanessa Hudgens would play Hutcherson's love interest, Kailani.

text: Short film[edit]

text: The theatrical release of the film was preceded by a Looney Tunes short film titled Daffy's Rhapsody, featuring Daffy Duck and Elmer Fudd in the first CG or 3-D depiction of these specific Looney Tunes characters. The short film's director, Matthew O'Callaghan, noted that "Daffy Rhapsody was originally recorded in the early 1950s as part of a kids' album." Unlike the earlier CG Looney Tunes shorts that appeared before Happy Feet Two and Yogi Bear, this short did not appear on the home video release of the film it accompanied.

text: Release[edit]

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: Journey 2: The Mysterious Island was released in cinemas on February 10, 2012 by Warner Bros. Pictures, Walden Media and New Line Cinema.

text: International releases[edit]

text:
Australia – January 19, 2012
Hong Kong – January 19, 2012
Singapore – January 19, 2012
South Korea – January 20, 2012
Taiwan – January 20, 2012
Malaysia – January 26, 2012
Indonesia – February 1, 2012
Brazil – February 3, 2012
India – February 3, 2012
Canada – February 10, 2012
Estonia – February 10, 2012
Paraguay – February 10, 2012
Romania – February 10, 2012
United States – February 11, 2012
Belgium – February 15, 2012
France – February 15, 2012
Italy – February 24, 2012
Portugal – March 8, 2012
Japan – March 31, 2012
Venezuela – May 11, 2012
United Kingdom- February 11, 2012

text: Home video[edit]

text: Journey 2: The Mysterious Island was released on DVD/Blu-ray on June 5, 2012.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Journey 2: The Mysterious Island grossed $325,692,760[5] surpassing its predecessor.[6][7] In North America, the film earned a $6.54 million on its debut Friday, ranking fourth at the box office.[8] Over the weekend, it earned $27.3 million, coming in third place, much higher than the original's $21.0 million debut.[9] Outside North America, Journey 2 began its run three weeks before its North American release.[10] It topped the box office outside North America for two consecutive weekends[11] and three in total.[12] It surpassed the original's total outside North America.[13] Its highest-grossing region after North America was China ($58.4 million),[14] followed by Russia and the CIS ($17.6 million) and Mexico ($12.7 million).[15]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 43% based on 126 reviews with an average rating of 4.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Aggressively unambitious, Journey 2 might thrill teen viewers, but most others will find it too intense for young audiences and too cartoonishly dull for adults."[4] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 41 out of 100 based on 27 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[16] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[17]

text: Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B grade, stating: "The movie flies by pleasantly, and is then instantly forgettable. Perhaps Jules Verne can explain the science of that". Randy Cordova from the Arizona Republic said: "Johnson can't save the movie, directed by Brad Peyton, from being a sloppy skip from one seemingly unrelated idea to the next". Roger Ebert, who gave the first film two stars, gave the sequel two-and-a-half stars, stating: "It isn't a "good" movie in the usual sense (or most senses), but it is jolly and goodnatured, and Michael Caine and Dwayne Johnson are among the most likable of actors".[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

BMI Film & TV Awards
2012
Film Music
Andrew Lockington
Won

Golden Trailer Awards
2012
Best Animated Family Poster
Warner Bros and Ignition Creative
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
2012
Choice Movie Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Vanessa Hudgens
Nominated

Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Josh Hutcherson
Won

Movie Guide Awards
2013
Best Family Film

Nominated

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
2013
Favorite Male Butt Kicker
Dwayne Johnson
Won

Favorite Movie Actress
Vanessa Hudgens
Nominated

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Letterbomb - Performed by Green Day
Sleep Forever - Performed by Crocodiles
Aloha Oe - Performed by Dwayne Johnson
Hello Again - Performed by Meta & The Cornerstones
Three Little Birds - Performed by Bob Marley & The Wailers
What a Wonderful World - Performed by Dwayne Johnson

text: Cancelled sequel[edit]

text: In August 2014, it was announced that Carey Hayes and Chad Hayes are writing the script for the third film.[19] In 2015, it was announced that Brad Peyton and Dwayne Johnson will return to direct and star in the sequel, respectively.[20] It was later announced that there will be two sequels.[21] In January 2018, Johnson stated that although a third Journey film, titled Journey from the Earth to the Moon, was in development, its development had been cancelled due to a lack of immediate interest and troubles in adapting the novel.[22]


document_title: Anne Jeffreys

question_text: who did anne jeffreys play on general hospital

text: Anne Jeffreys

text: Career[edit]

text: Born Annie Jeffreys Carmichael on January 26, 1923 in Goldsboro, North Carolina,[4] Jeffreys entered the entertainment field at a young age, having her initial training in voice (she was an accomplished soprano). "She became a member of the New York Municipal Opera Company on a scholarship and sang the lead at Carnegie Hall in such things as La bohème, Traviata, and Pagliacci."[5] However, she decided as a teenager to sign with the John Robert Powers agency as a junior model.

text: Her plans for an operatic career were sidelined when she was cast in a staged musical review, Fun for the Money. Her appearance in that revue led to her being cast in her first movie role, in I Married an Angel (1942), starring Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald. She was under contract to both RKO and Republic Studios during the 1940s, including several appearances as Tess Trueheart in the Dick Tracy series, and the 1944 Frank Sinatra musical Step Lively. She also appeared in the horror comedy Zombies on Broadway with Wally Brown and Alan Carney in 1945 and starred in Riffraff with Pat O'Brien two years later. Jeffreys also appeared in a number of western films and as bank robber John Dillinger's moll in 1945's Dillinger

text: When her Hollywood career faltered, she instead focused on the stage, playing lead roles on Broadway in productions such as the 1947 opera Street Scene, the 1948 Cole Porter musical Kiss Me, Kate (having replaced Patricia Morison) and the 1952 musical Three Wishes for Jamie.[6] With long-term husband Robert Sterling, she appeared in the CBS sitcom Topper (1953–1955), in which she was billed in a voiceover as "the ghostess with the mostest".

text: On December 18, 1957, Jeffreys and her husband played a couple with an unusual courtship arrangement brought about by an attack of the fever in the episode "The Julie Gage Story", broadcast in the first season of NBC's Wagon Train.[citation needed]

text: After a semi-retirement in the 1960s, she appeared on television, appearing in episodes of such series as Love, American Style (with her husband), L.A. Law and Murder, She Wrote. She was nominated for a Golden Globe for her work in The Delphi Bureau (1972). From 1984-85, she starred in the short-lived Aaron Spelling series Finder of Lost Loves.[4] She also appeared in Baywatch as David Hasselhoff's mother, and also had a recurring role in the night-time soap Falcon Crest as Amanda Croft.[citation needed]

text: In 1979, she guest starred as Siress Blassie in the Battlestar Galactica episode "The Man with Nine Lives" as a love interest of Chameleon, a part played by Fred Astaire. She was the last person to dance with him onscreen. She also guest starred as Prime Minister Dyne in the Buck Rogers in the 25th Century episode "Planet of the Amazon Women" as the leader of the titular planet.[citation needed]

text: Her most recent career was in daytime television; From 1984 to 2004, she appeared on the soap opera General Hospital[4] (as well as its short-lived spinoff, Port Charles) in the recurring role of wealthy socialite Amanda Barrington, a long-time board member of both the hospital and ELQ. In her initial storyline, she was part of a blackmail scheme which led to the murder of Jimmy Lee Holt's mother, Beatrice, of whose death she was a suspect in.[7] In the last year of Port Charles, Amanda last appeared on screen in 2004 when Amanda attended Lila Quartermain's funeral.

text: Recognition[edit]

text: Jeffreys' star in the Television category on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is at 1501 Vine Street. It was dedicated February 8, 1960.[8] In 1997, she was a recipient of a Golden Boot Award as one who "furthered the tradition of the western on film and in television."[9] In 1998, she received the Living Legacy Award from the Women's International Center.[10]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Jeffreys was married twice. Her first marriage, to Joseph Serena, was annulled in 1949.[11] They had no children.

text: She married actor Robert Sterling in 1951. Sterling appeared with Jeffreys in the series Topper. In January 1958, the duo attempted to star in another series, Love That Jill. It ran only a few months, with 13 episodes shot. They had three sons: Jeffrey, Dana and Tyler. Robert Sterling died on May 30, 2006 at age 88.[citation needed]

text: In July 1956, Jeffreys' mother, Kate Jeffreys Carmichael, 67, was run down and killed by her own automobile in the driveway of the home of her daughter. Police said Carmichael was taking books from the car's trunk when the emergency brake apparently slipped. The car rolled down the sloping driveway, dragging the actress' mother 26 feet.[12]

text: Death[edit]

text: Jeffreys died on September 27, 2017 at her home in Los Angeles at the age of 94. She was survived by her stepdaughter Tisha Sterling, her three sons, five grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.[13][14]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role

1942
Billy the Kid Trapped
Sally Crane

Yokel Boy
Witness at wedding

Tarzan's New York Adventure
Young woman

Moonlight Masquerade
Singer at Trio

I Married an Angel
Polly

The Old Homestead
Goldie

Joan of Ozark
Marie Lamont

Flying Tigers
Nurse

X Marks the Spot
Lulu

1943
Chatterbox
Vivan Gale

Calling Wild Bill Elliott
Edith Richards

The Man from Thunder River
Nancy Ferguson

Crime Doctor
Reporter on telephone

Bordertown Gun Fighters
Anita Shelby

Wagon Tracks West
Moon Hush

Overland Mail Robbery
Judy Goodrich

Death Valley Manhunt
Nicky Hobart

1944
Mojave Firebrand
Gail Holmes

Hidden Valley Outlaws
June Clark

Step Lively
Miss Abbott

Nevada
Julie Dexter

1945
Dillinger
Helen Rogers

Zombies on Broadway
Jean La Danse

Those Endearing Young Charms
Suzibelle, officer's club waitress

Sing Your Way Home
Kay Lawrence

Dick Tracy
Tess Trueheart

1946
Ding Dong Williams
Vanessa Page

Step by Step
Evelyn Smith

Genius at Work
Ellen Brent

Dick Tracy vs. Cueball
Tess Trueheart

Vacation in Reno
Eleanor

1947
Trail Street
Ruby Stone

Riffraff
Maxine Manning

1948
Return of the Bad Men
Cheyenne

1962
Boys' Night Out
Toni Jackson

1968
Panic in the City
Myra Pryor

1994
Clifford
Annabelle Davis

2008
Richard III
Duchess of York

2015
Le Grand Jete
Millie Halifax

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1953–1955
Topper
Marion Kerby
78 episodes

1955
Dearest Enemy
Betsy Burke
TV movie

1957
Wagon Train
Julia Gage
Episode: The Julia Gage Story

1957
Wagon Train
Mary Beckett
Episode: The Mary Beckett Story

1966
Bonanza
Lily
Episode: "The Unwritten Commandment"

1966
The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
Calamity Rogers
Episode: "The Abominable Snowman Affair"

1969
My Three Sons
Mrs. Carstairs
Episode: What did you do today Grandpa

1972
Love, American Style
the First Lady
Segment "Love and the President"
Episode: "Love and the Clinic/Love and the Perfect Wedding/Love and the President/Love and the Return of Raymond"

1972–1973
The Delphi Bureau
Sybil Van Loween

1975–1976
Police Story
Examiner Murphy / Marie Tabor
2 episodes

1978–1982
Fantasy Island
Nancy Ogden / Cissy Darumple / Sally Dupres
3 episodes

1978
Flying High
Mrs. Benton
Episode: "In the Still of the Night"

1979
Battlestar Galactica
Siress Blassie
Episode: "The Man with Nine Lives"

1979
Vega$
Cynthia
Episode: "Doubtful Target"

1979
Beggarman, Thief
Honor Day
TV movie

1982–1983
Falcon Crest
Amanda Croft
7 episodes

1983
Matt Houston
Elisabeth Davis
Episode: "Here's Another Fine Mess"

1984
Hotel
Mrs. Jenks
Episode: "Tomorrows"

1984–1985
Finder of Lost Loves
Rita Hargrove
23 episodes

1984–2004
General Hospital
Amanda Barrington
361 episodes

1986
Murder, She Wrote
Agnes Shipley
Episode: "If a Body Meet a Body"

1992
L.A. Law
Lilah Vandenberg
Episode: "I'm Ready for My Closeup, Mr. Markowitz"

1993–1998
Baywatch
Irene Buchannon
5 episodes

1999–2003
Port Charles
Amanda Barrington
17 episodes

2013
Getting On
Donna Hewler
Episode: "If You're Going to San Francisco"

text: Selected musical theatre work[edit]

text:
Street Scene (1947)
Kiss Me, Kate (1949)
Three Wishes for Jamie (1952)
Bells Are Ringing (1958)
Destry Rides Again (1960)
Kismet (1962)
Camelot (1963)
Do I Hear a Waltz? (1966)
Ninotchka (1966)
Pal Joey (1968)
The Desert Song (1968)
Song of Norway (1969)
The Most Happy Fella (1970)
The King and I (1974)
Follies (1977)
High Button Shoes (1978)
A High-Time Salute to Martin and Blane (1991 benefit concert)


document_title: One Day at a Time (2017 TV series)

question_text: who plays max on one day at a time netflix

text: One Day at a Time (2017 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The show depicts the everyday life of a Cuban-American family with each character finding their own journey. Following the story of Penelope Alvarez (Justina Machado) a United States Army Nurse Corps[2] veteran, facing her return to civilian life with a lot of unresolved issues from her time in the Army. She works as a nurse in the office of Dr. Leslie Berkowitz (Stephen Tobolowsky). After her husband's alcoholism due to post-traumatic stress disorder from his time in the Army make it, in Penelope's words, 'unsafe to be in the house', she separates from Victor (James Martínez), taking the children with her. With the help of her Mother, Lydia (Rita Moreno), a refugee who left Cuba as a teen following Fidel Castro's rise to power, she is raising her two children: Elena (Isabella Gómez) and Alex (Marcel Ruiz). Apart from planning her daughter's quinceañera, Penelope starts dating and finds a love interest. Elena, resistant to have a quinces, starts dating a teenager from her class; to later realize that she is a lesbian. After struggling in ways to tell her family about her sexuality she finds the right time to come out. Alex starts working in a school project about Cuba with the help of Schneider (Todd Grinnell) and Lydia. Lydia talks about leaving Cuba escaping from Castro's dictatorship and how she fell in love with her late husband Berto (Tony Plana).

text: Each episode of the series focuses on important issues that face the Hispanic community and families in general. It has dealt with topics such as veterans' struggles with PTSD, depression, and anxiety, as well as sexuality, gender identity, sexism, and religion, amongst others.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Justina Machado as Penelope Riera Alvarez, a United States Army Nurse Corps and mother of Alex and Elena. She works as a nurse for Dr. Leslie Berkowitz. After coming back from army service, she joins a therapy group to help her with her depression and anxiety. In the first season she separates from her husband Victor and starts dating Ben. Later she breaks up with Ben after Victor's visit for Elena's quinceañera. In season two Penelope decides to go back to school to become a nurse practitioner. She begins dating an Army Veteran, now EMT Max Ferraro, but breaks up with him after finding out he wanted children of his own, and decides to let him find that chance with someone else, as she believes that she is too old for another child, and has two children of her own.
Todd Grinnell as Dwayne Schneider, the rich landlord of the building. He is a close friend of the family and Penelope's best friend. Schneider is frequently having one-night stands with different women. Often in the series he talks about having multiple stepmothers and how dysfunctional his family was, while also occasionally discussing his history of addictions. He is Canadian and after years of having a green card decides to become a US citizen.
Isabella Gomez as Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclán, the activist and feminist teenage daughter of Penelope. After dating Josh, a classmate, and watching gay porn, she discovers that she is a lesbian and comes out to her family. The news doesn't sit well with her father, which upsets Elena. In season two she finds a love interest and founds a Gay-Straight Alliance club at her Catholic School.
Marcel Ruiz as Alejandro "Alex" Alberto Alvarez Riera Calderon Leytevidal Inclan, the son of Penelope. He wants to gain popularity at school and is part of the baseball team. He starts a school project about Cuba. In season two he begins working during the summer at Dr. Berkowitz's office.
Rita Moreno as Lydia Riera, a faithful Cuban, Penelope's mother and grandmother of Elena and Alex. She fled Cuba after Castro seized power. She was a dancer and a performer back in the day. Over the course of the season, she develops a relationship with Dr. Berkowitz.
Stephen Tobolowsky as Dr. Leslie Berkowitz, Penelope's boss and Lydia's love interest.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Fiona Gubelmann as Lori (season 1): Penelope's co-worker.
Ariela Barer as Carmen (season 1): Elena's best friend. She spent nights with Elena in her bedroom after her parents were deported back to Mexico, but Penelope finds out. She later moves to Austin, Texas to live with her brothers.
Froy Gutierrez as Josh Flores (season 1)
Eric Nenninger as Scott (season 1–present): Penelope's co-worker.
Haneefah Wood as Jill Riley (season 1–present): Penelope's friend.
Mackenzie Phillips as Pam Valentine (season 1–present): the leader of Penelope's female veteran therapy group.
Judy Reyes as Ramona (season 1–present): Penelope's friend from the therapy group.
Tony Plana as Berto Riera (season 1–present): Lydia's late husband.
James Martínez as Victor Alvarez (season 1–present): Penelope's ex-husband.
Ed Quinn as Max Ferraro (season 2): a military veteran, EMT, and Penelope's boyfriend[14]
Sheridan Pierce as Syd (season 2): Elena's girlfriend who identifies as non-binary.[15][16]

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Cedric Yarbrough as Jerry
Jay Hayden as Ben
Gabrielle Elyse as Dani
Jolie Jenkins as Nikki
Ivonne Coll as Esme
Emiliano Díez as Padre Jose
Georgia Engel as Sister Barbara
Tim Bagley as Henry
Mindy Sterling as Delia
Timm Sharp as Nurse Wally

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

1
13
January 6, 2017 (2017-01-06)

2
13
January 26, 2018 (2018-01-26)

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2018)

text: Music[edit]

text: The theme song for the original One Day at a Time series, “This is It", was re-recorded for the newer version of the series, with a new arrangement by Emilio Estefan featuring Cuban instrumentation and lead vocals by Gloria Estefan. The song was composed by husband-and-wife songwriters Jeff Barry and Nancy Barry. Recording artist Polly Cutter sang the original version of the theme song.[17]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

1
97% (29 reviews)
79 (23 reviews)

2
100% (14 reviews)
88 (6 reviews)

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 97% based on 30 reviews with an average rating of 7.62/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "One Day at a Time breathes fresh life into the classic Norman Lear original with a lively, sharp, and proudly old-school sitcom bolstered by a surfeit of heart and terrific performances from Rita Moreno and Justina Machado."[18]

text: Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times found the first season to be "lively without being rushed" thanks to the full 30 minute run time.[19] "The show is nicely written ... and the performances [especially Moreno's] are almost universally engaging," according to David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle.[20] The Newsday review by Verne Gay particularly praises Machado as "flat-out terrific" and calls the first season "congenial, good-hearted, easy going, sentimental, old-fashioned and surprisingly new-fashioned. There’s also a deep emotional core here which refuses to be devalued by the typical (or tired) beat of a multicamera sitcom."[21]

text: A USA Today review by Kelly Lawler noted that Elena's coming-out arc in the first season has drawn special praise from LGBT critics for its "unique, realistic and refreshing take on the subject... the depiction of a young, happy Latinx lesbian comes as a hopeful sign for many."[22] Autostraddle senior editor Yvonne Marquez called the arc "mind-blowing" [22] and the show revolutionary because "it centers the family’s brownness and provides ample social commentary to deliver a fantastic modern-day sitcom."[23]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2017

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Show: Comedy
One Day at a Time
Nominated
[24]

Imagen Foundation Awards
Best Primetime Television Program – Comedy
One Day at a Time
Won
[25][26]

Best Actress – Television
Justina Machado
Won

Best Supporting Actress – Television
Rita Moreno
Nominated

Isabella Gomez
Won

Best Young Actor – Television
Marcel Ruiz
Won

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series
Pat Barnett
Nominated
[27]

Gold Derby Awards
Best Comedy Supporting Actress
Rita Moreno
Nominated
[28]

2018

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Rita Moreno
Nominated

GLAAD Media Awards
Outstanding Comedy Series
One Day at a Time
Pending
[29]