document_title: List of best-selling music artists

question_text: who sold more albums elvis or the beatles

text: List of best-selling music artists

text: Definitions

text: All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Bing Crosby, Gloria Estefan, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units, this is because more music markets instituted certification systems after 1980s and 1990s.[a] So artists such as Rihanna, Chris Brown, Taylor Swift, Flo Rida, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Adele, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars, Nicki Minaj and Ed Sheeran are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75% in certified units. The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies. The certified units percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts.[b]

text: The requirements of certified units are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes.[1][2] The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the sources used, say the term "records" (singles, albums, videos) and not "albums". However, if all available sources for an artist or band say "albums", such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used.

text: The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists' certified units. In other words, the available certified units for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones.

text: The certified units of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[3][4][5] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[6][7]

text: The certified units for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification.

text: Issued certifications for songs which have been recorded by multiple artists including featured artists are added to each artist's total amount of certified units, as all the artists would have played a significant part in a song. For example, "This Is What You Came For" and "Where Them Girls At" include Rihanna and Flo Rida, Nicki Minaj as featured artists respectively, so the certifications issued for these songs are added to the total amount of certified units for all involved artists. However, the certifications issued for songs that have been recorded by four or more artists are not included as the artists involved would have played minor roles, examples of such songs are Kanye West's "Monster" and/or "All Day".[c]

text: Artists by reputed sales

text: 250 million or more records

text:
The Beatles

Michael Jackson

Elvis Presley

Elton John

Madonna

Led Zeppelin

Pink Floyd

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the tables below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the tables is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

The Beatles

United Kingdom

1960–1970[10]

1962[10]

Rock / Pop[10]

showTotal available certified units: 272 million
US: 212.250 million[11]
JPN: 4.950 million[a][12]
GER: 8 million[a][13]
UK: 18.445 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.890 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 14.455 million[a][17]
AUS: 3.060 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 550,000[a][20]
NLD: 295,000[a][21]
ITA: 380,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.250 million[a][23][24]
SWE 485,000[a][25]
DEN: 315,000[a][26][27][28]
SWI: 350,000[a][29]
ARG: 1.606 million[a][30][31]
BEL: 390,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 500,000[a][34]
POL: 175,000[a][35]
NZ: 660,000[a][36][37]

600 million[38][39]500 million[40]

Elvis Presley

United States

1954–1977[41]

1954[41]

Rock and roll / Pop / Country[41]

showTotal available certified units: 224.7 million
US: 199.150 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12]
GER: 1.2 million[a][13]
UK: 13.345 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.590 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 2.925 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.797 million[a][18][42]
BRA: 125,000[a][20]
NLD: 555,000[a][21]
ITA: 105,000[a][22]
SPA: 300,000[a][23][43][44]
SWE 380,000[a][25]
DEN: 120,000[a][45][46][47]
SWI: 185,000[a][29]
MEX: 105,000[a][48]
ARG: 110,000[a][30]
BEL: 115,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 205,000[a][34]
FIN: 213,945[a][49]
NZ: 117,500[a][36][37]

600 million[50][51]500 million[52]

Michael Jackson

United States

1964–2009[53]

1971[53]

Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B[53]

showTotal available certified units: 230 million
US: 145.3 million[11]
JPN: 4.650 million[a][12][54]
GER: 11.275 million[13]
UK: 29.445 million[14]
FRA: 11.375 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 4.670 million[17]
AUS: 6.775 million[a][18][19][56][57][58]
BRA: 280,000[a][20]
NLD: 2.105 million[21]
ITA: 1.195 million[a][22]
SPA: 1.995 million[a][23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 1.310 million[a][25][60]
DEN: 1.334 million[a][61][62][28]
SWI: 910,000[a][29]
MEX: 3.670 million[a][48]
ARG: 124,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 665,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 1.197 million[a][34]
POL: 530,000[a][35]
FIN: 384,127[49]
NZ: 902,500[36][37]

350 million[63][64]300 million[65][66]

Madonna

United States

1979–present[67]

1982[67]

Pop / Dance / Electronica[67]

showTotal available certified units: 172.9 million
US: 85.675 million[11]
JPN: 6.450 million [a][12][54]
GER: 12.4 million[13]
UK: 29.245 million[14]
FRA: 12.81 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 6.030 million[17]
AUS: 4.787 million[a][18][68][69]
BRA: 3.440 million[a][20]
NLD: 1.735 million[21]
ITA: 465,000[a][22]
SPA: 2.815 million[23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 1.070 million[a][25][60]
DEN: 407,000[a][61][62][70][28][71][72]
SWI: 1.080 million[a][29]
MEX: 510,000[a][48]
ARG: 1.098[30][31]
BEL: 740,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 602,500[a][34]
POL: 530,000[a][35]
FIN: 652,686[49]
NZ: 417,500[36][37]

300 million[73][74]275 million[75]

Elton John

United Kingdom

1964–present[76]

1969[76]

Pop / Rock[76]

showTotal available certified units: 183 million
US: 129.350 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million [a][12]
GER: 7.9 million[a][13]
UK: 23.595 million[a][14]
FRA: 4.825 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 5.975 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.947 million[a][18][77]
BRA: 835,000[a][20]
NLD: 975,000[21]
SPA: 1.2 million[a][23][24][44][59]
SWE: 740,000[a][25]
DEN: 195,000[a][46][62][78][28]
SWI: 1.313 million[a][29]
MEX: 100,000[a][48]
ARG: 128,000[30][31]
BEL: 565,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 765,000[a][34]
POL: 150,000[a][35]
FIN: 163,481[49]
NZ: 255,000[a][36][37]

300 million[79][80]250 million[81][82]

Led Zeppelin

United Kingdom

1968–1980[83]

1969[83]

Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock[83]

showTotal available certified units: 140 million
US: 114.1 million[11]
JPN: 400,000 [a][12]
GER: 3.775 million[a][13]
UK: 9.530 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.310 million[a][15][16][84]
CAN: 4.710 million[17]
AUS: 2.8 million[a][18][85][86]
BRA: 820,000[a][20]
ITA: 465,000[a][22]
SPA: 450,000[a][24][44][59]
SWI: 211,000[a][29]
ARG: 360,000[a][30]
POL: 120,000[a][35]

300 million[87][88]200 million[89][90]

Pink Floyd

United Kingdom

1965–1996, 2014[91][92]

1967[91]

Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock[91]

showTotal available certified units: 120.1 million
US: 78 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][93]
GER: 7.5 million[a][13]
UK: 11.720 million[a][14]
FRA: 6.360 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 6.790 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.932 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 515,000[a][20]
NLD: 435,000[a][21]
ITA: 2.035 million[a][22]
SPA: 625,000[a][23][24][43][59]
SWE: 220,000[a][25][60]
SWI: 390,000[a][29]
ARG: 582,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 115,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 460,000[a][34]
POL: 590,000[a][35]
NZ: 787,500[a][36][37]

250 million[94][95]200 million[96]

text: The column for certified sales includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more.

text: 200 million to 249 million records

text:
Rihanna

Eminem

Mariah Carey

Queen

Celine Dion

Whitney Houston

AC/DC

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

Rihanna

BarbadosUnited States

2005–present[97]

2005[97]

R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop[97]

showTotal available certified units: 264 million
US: 194.55 million[11]
JPN: 1.4 million[12][54]
GER: 10.075 million[13]
UK: 32.9 million[14]
FRA: 1.465 million[16]
CAN: 3.120 million[17]
AUS: 9.395 million[18]
BRA: 705,000[20]
ITA: 1.645 million[a][22]
SPA: 1.470 million[23]
SWE: 2.480 million[25][60]
DEN: 1.337[61][62][28][70][78][98][99][27]
SWI: 860,000[29]
MEX: 410,000[48][100]
BEL: 660,000[33]
AUT: 135,000[34]
POL: 520,000[35]
IRE: 240,000[101]
NZ: 682,500[36][37]

230 million[102][103]

Eminem

United States

1996–present[104]

1999[104]

Hip-hop[104]

showTotal available certified units: 219.3 million
US: 163.7 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million [12][54]
GER: 6.7 million[13]
UK: 26.125 million[14]
FRA: 3.288 million[16][84]
CAN: 4.170 million[17]
AUS: 5.947 million[18]
BRA: 220,000[20]
NLD: 250,000[21]
ITA: 790,000[a][22]
SPA: 290,000[23][59]
SWE: 910,000[25][60]
DEN: 751,000[a][61][28]
SWI: 805,000[29]
MEX: 365,000[48]
BEL: 505,000[32][33]
AUT: 362,500[34]
POL: 250,000[35]
FIN: 124,547[49]
IRE: 285,000[a][101]
NZ: 622,500[36][37]

220 million[105][106]200 million[107]

Mariah Carey

United States

1988–present[108]

1990[108]

R&B / Pop / Soul / Hip-hop[108]

showTotal available certified units: 139.3 million
US: 92.6 million[11]
JPN: 14.5 million [a][12][54][109]
GER: 3.750 million[13]
UK: 10.820 million[14]
FRA: 4.690 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 4.1 million[17]
AUS: 3.515 million[a][18][110]
BRA: 835,000[20]
NLD: 1.425 million[21]
ITA: 200,000[a][22]
SPA: 1 million[23][24][44][59]
SWE: 425,000[25]
DEN: 280,000[28][111]
SWI: 515,000[29]
BEL: 175,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 200,000[34]
POL: 100,000[a][35]
NZ: 240,000[a][36]

200 million[112][113]175 million[114][115]

Queen

United Kingdom

1971–present[116]

1973[116]

Rock[116]

showTotal available certified units: 128.5 million
US: 65 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[a][12][54][117]
GER: 12.375 million[a][13]
UK: 29.275 million[a][14]
FRA: 4.495 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 1.870 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.167 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 970,000[a][20]
NLD: 1.990 million[a][21]
ITA: 545,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.720 million[a][23][24][43][44]
SWE: 190,000[a][25]
DEN: 250,000[28]
SWI: 1.256 million[a][29]
ARG: 1.080 million[a][30][31]
BEL: 175,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 900,000[a][34]
POL: 810,000[a][35]
FIN: 366,152[49]
NZ: 275,000[a][36][37]

200 million[118]170 million[119]

Celine Dion

Canada

1981–present[120]

1981[120]

Pop[120]

showTotal available certified units: 127.9 million
US: 56.550 million[11]
JPN: 7.150 million[a][12][121][122]
GER: 8 million[13]
UK: 13.915 million[14]
FRA: 15.768 million[15][16][55][84]
CAN: 12.245 million[17]
AUS: 3.302 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 505,000[a][20]
NLD: 2.180 million[21]
SPA: 1 million[44][59]
SWE: 1.105 million[a][25]
DEN: 370,000[a][46][123][124][28]
SWI: 1.685 million[a][29]
ARG: 340,000[30]
BEL: 2.160 million[a][32][33]
AUT: 440,000[a][34]
POL: 680,000[a][35]
FIN: 356,183[49]
NZ: 192,500[36][37]

200 million[125][126]175 million[127][128]

Whitney Houston

United States

1977–2012[129]

1984[129]

R&B / Soul / Pop[129]

showTotal available certified units: 115.7 million
US: 76.775 million[11]
JPN: 4.3 million[a][12][130]
GER: 5.6 million[a][13]
UK: 15.205 million[14]
FRA: 2.275 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.755 million[a][18][19][131]
BRA: 1.025[a][20]
NLD: 780,000[21]
ITA: 140,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.260 million[23][24][43][44]
SWE: 1.035 million[a][25]
DEN: 150,000[62][28]
SWI: 845,000[a][29]
BEL: 215,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 535,000[a][34]
POL: 190,000[a][35]
FIN: 247,222[49]

200 million[132][133]170 million[134][135]

AC/DC

Australia

1973–present[136]

1975[136]

Hard rock / Blues rock / Rock and roll[136]

showTotal available certified units: 115 million
US: 79.7 million[11]
GER: 10.3 million[a][13]
UK: 5.5 million[14]
FRA: 4.180 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.490 million[a][17]
AUS: 7.740 million[a][18]
ITA: 775,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.355 million[a][23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 350,000[a][25][60]
DEN: 215,000[62][28][137]
SWI: 894,000[a][29]
ARG: 594,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 100,000[a][33]
AUT: 380,000[a][34]
FIN: 321,169[49]
NZ: 140,000[a][36][37]

200 million[138][139]150 million[140][141]

The Rolling Stones

United Kingdom

1962–present[142]

1963[142]

Rock / Blues rock [142]

showTotal available certified units: 99.1 million
US: 74.750 million[11]
JPN: 950,000[a][12]
GER: 3.8 million[a][13]
UK: 9.170 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.377 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 3.025 million[a][17]
AUS: 417,500[a][18]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 610,000[a][21]
ITA: 230,000[a][22]
SPA: 690,000[a][23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 310,000[a][25]
SWI: 238,000[a][29]
ARG: 718,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 120,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 300,000[a][34]
POL: 140,000[a][35]
NZ: 190,000[a][36][37]

200 million[143][144]

ABBA

Sweden

1972–1982[145]

1972[145]

Pop / Disco[145]

showTotal available certified units: 62.4 million
US: 12.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.5 million[a][54][146][147]
GER: 10.450 million[a][13]
UK: 19.170 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.750 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 2.785 million[a][17]
AUS: 6.127 million[a][18][148]
BRA: 275,000[a][20]
NLD: 1.390 million[a][21]
ITA: 120,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.005 million[a][23][43]
SWE: 800,000[a][25]
DEN: 600,000[a][149][150][151]
SWI: 600,000[a][29]
MEX: 260,000[a][48]
ARG: 238,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 380,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 175,000[a][34]
POL: 150,000[a][35]
FIN: 656,319[49]
NZ: 297,500[a][37][152][153]

200 million[154][155]100 million[156]

text: 120 million to 199 million records

text:
Taylor Swift

Garth Brooks

Justin Bieber

Eagles

Ed Sheeran

Bruno Mars

Kanye West

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

Taylor Swift

United States

2006–present[157]

2006[157]

Country / Country pop / Pop / Pop-rock[157]

showTotal available certified units: 200.5 million
US: 172.5 million[11]
JPN: 3.050 million[12][54]
GER: 1.750[13]
UK: 10 million[14]
FRA: 300,000[16]
CAN: 4.820 million[17]
AUS: 5.950 million[18]
BRA: 440,000[20]
ITA: 285,000[a][22]
SWE: 280,000[60]
DEN: 140,000>[28]
MEX: 510,000[48][100][158]
AUT: 100,000[34]
NZ: 382,500[36][37]

175 million[159]

Garth Brooks

United States

1989–present[160]

1989[160]

Country[160]

showTotal available certified units: 156.1 million
US: 149.4 million[11]
UK: 520,000[14]
CAN: 5.730 million[17]
AUS: 350,000[a][18][161]
IRE: 120,000[a][101]

160 million[162]

Eagles

United States

1971–1980, 1994–present[163]

1972[163]

Rock[163]

showTotal available certified units: 149.4 million
US: 127.9 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[a][12]
GER: 925,000[a][13]
UK:  8.235 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.040 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 4.2 million[a][17]
AUS: 3.395 million[a][18][164]
NLD: 540,000[a][21]
SPA: 500,000[a][23][24]
SWE: 140,000[a][25]
DEN: 185,000[a][62][28]
SWI: 290,000[a][29]
FIN: 124,749[49]
NZ: 352,500[a][36][37]

150 million[165]

U2

Ireland

1976–present[166]

1980[166]

Rock[166]

showTotal available certified units: 108.7 million
US: 53.1 million[11]
JPN: 1.450 million[a][12]
GER: 5.525 million[13]
UK: 18.720 million[14]
FRA: 5.225 million[15][16]
CAN: 7.155 million[17]
AUS: 4.412 million[a][18][19][167]
BRA: 2.675 million[a][20]
NLD: 945,000[21]
ITA: 880,000[a][22]
SPA: 2.295 million[23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 515,000[a][25]
DEN: 558,000[a][61][62][28][78][168]
SWI: 696,000[a][29]
MEX: 835,000[a][48]
ARG: 806,000[30][31]
BEL: 750,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 522,500[a][34]
POL: 370,000[a][35]
FIN: 235,460[49]
IRE: 316,000[a][101]
NZ: 765,000[36][37]

150 million[169]

Billy Joel

United States

1964–present[170]

1971[170]

Pop / Rock[170]

showTotal available certified units: 103.4 million
US: 87.950 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[a][12][171]
GER: 1.250 million[a][13]
UK: 5.715 million[a][14]
FRA: 925,000[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 3.275 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.687[a][18][19]
NLD: 350,000[a][21]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
NZ: 162,500[a][36]

150 million[172]

Phil Collins

United Kingdom

1980–2011, 2015–present[173]

1981[173]

Rock / Progressive rock / Adult contemporary[173]

showTotal available certified units: 89.7 million
US: 39.850 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[a][12]
GER: 13.8 million[13]
UK: 16.050 million[14]
FRA: 6.410 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.375 million[17]
AUS: 1.522[a][18][19]
BRA: 1.370 million[a][20]
NLD: 1.050 million[21]
SPA: 2.150 million[23][24][44][59]
SWE: 245,000[a][25]
SWI: 973,000[a][29]
ARG: 1.044 million[30][31]
BEL: 330,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 440,000[a][34]
FIN: 182,581[49]
NZ: 122,500[36][37]

150 million[174]

Aerosmith

United States

1970–present[175]

1973[175]

Hard rock[175]

showTotal available certified units: 84.9 million
US: 70.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.7 million[a][12][54]
GER: 2 million[a][13]
UK: 3.230 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.950 million[a][17]
AUS: 225,000[a][18][176]
BRA: 600,000[a][20]
NLD: 200,000[a][21]
ITA: 100,000[a][22]
SPA: 200,000[a][23][44]
SWE: 260,000[a][25]
SWI: 145,000[a][29]
MEX: 230,000[a][48]
ARG: 338,000[a][30][31]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
POL: 100,000[a][35]
FIN: 101,722[49]

150 million[177]

Frank Sinatra

United States

1935–1995[178]

1939[178]

Pop / Swing[178]

showTotal available certified units: 37.5 million
US: 28.2 million[a][11]
GER: 1 million[a][13]
UK: 5.645 million[a][14]
FRA: 600,000[a][15]
CAN: 650,000[a][17]
AUS: 315,000[a][18][179]
BRA: 350,000[a][20]
SPA: 500,000[a][24][44][59]
SWE: 130,000[a][25]
ARG: 188,000[a][30][31]

150 million[180]

Barbra Streisand

United States

1960–present[181]

1963[181]

Pop / Adult contemporary[181]

showTotal available certified units: 98.2 million
US: 82.450 million[11]
GER: 750,000[a][13]
UK: 5.765 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.150 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 2.650 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.152 million[a][18]
NLD: 710,000[a][21]
SPA: 150,000[a][59]
SWE: 120,000[25][60]
FIN: 186,501[a][49]
NZ: 137,500[a][36]

145 million[182]

Justin Bieber

CanadaUnited States

2008–present[183]

2009[183]

Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop[183]

showTotal available certified units: 153.1 million
US: 104.5 million[11]
JPN: 850,000 [12][54]
GER: 4 million[13]
UK:  19.285 million[14]
FRA: 1.098[16]
CAN: 5.780 million[17]
AUS: 4.935 million[18]
BRA: 810,000[20]
ITA: 1.945 million[22]
SPA: 880,000[23]
SWE: 2.020 million[25][60]
DEN: 2.535 million[28]
MEX: 2.970 million[48][100]
BEL: 450,000[33]
POL: 370,000[35]
AUT: 140,000[34]
NZ: 615,000[36]

140 million[184]

Kanye West

United States

1996–present[185]

2004[185]

Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock[185]

showTotal available certified units: 127.3 million
US: 107.750 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[186]
GER: 1.350[13]
UK: 13.860 million[14]
CAN: 1.180 million[17]
AUS: 2.135 million[18]
ITA: 160,000[a][22]
SWE: 160,000[60]
DEN: 510,000[62][28][70][187]
NZ: 112,500[36][37]

132 million[188]

Bruno Mars

United States

2004–present[189]

2010[189]

Pop rock / R&B[189]

showTotal available certified units: 130.4 million
US: 91.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.2 million[12][54]
GER: 3.6 million[13]
UK: 16.2 million[14]
FRA: 1.950 million[16]
CAN: 5.240 million[17]
AUS: 5.950 million[18]
ITA: 760,000[a][22]
SPA: 490,000[23]
SWE: 440,000[25][60]
DEN: 480,000[a][28][190]
SWI: 405,000[29]
MEX: 810,000[48][158]
BEL: 360,000[33]
AUT: 180,000[34]
NZ: 592,500[36]
PHL: 330,000[191]

130 million[192]

Ed Sheeran

United Kingdom

2004–present[193]

2011[193]

Pop / Folk pop [193]

showTotal available certified units: 143 million
US: 67.5 million[11]
JPN: 350,000[12][54]
GER: 8.050 million[13]
UK: 39.160 million[14]
FRA: 1.691 million[16]
CAN: 6.920 million[17]
AUS: 8.085 million[18]
NLD: 330,000[21]
ITA: 2.670 million[22]
SPA: 860,000[23]
SWE: 1.360 million[60]
DEN: 2.635 million[28]
SWI: 635,000[29]
MEX: 180,000[48]
BEL: 665,000[33]
AUT: 355,000[34]
POL: 360,000[35]
NZ: 1.275 million[36]

126 million[194]

Bruce Springsteen

United States

1972–present[195]

1973[195]

Rock[195]

showTotal available certified units: 103.1 million
US: 76.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[a][12]
GER: 4.325 million[a][13]
UK: 7.745 million[14]
FRA: 1.887 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.2 million[a][17]
AUS: 3.362 million[a][18]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 740,000[a][21]
ITA: 600,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.730 million[a][23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 810,000[a][25][60]
DEN: 255,000[a][61][28][70][196]
SWI: 400,000[a][29]
BEL: 155,000[33]
AUT: 290,000[a][34]
FIN: 449,800[49]
IRE: 189,500[a][101]
NZ: 375,000[36][37]

120 million[197]

Metallica

United States

1981–present[198]

1983[198]

Heavy metal / Thrash metal[198]

showTotal available certified units: 95.6 million
US: 73.3 million[11]
JPN: 900,000[a][12]
GER: 4.025 million[13]
UK: 3.535 million[14]
FRA: 940,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.885 million[17]
AUS: 2.637 million[a][18][19][199]
BRA: 380,000[a][20]
NLD: 460,000[21]
ITA: 180,000[a][22]
SPA: 420,000[23][44][59]
SWE: 675,000[a][25]
DEN: 180,000[28][62]
SWI: 560,000[a][29]
MEX: 430,000[a][48][100]
ARG: 874,000[30][31]
BEL: 385,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 340,000[a][34]
POL: 735,000[a][35]
FIN: 530,676[49]
NZ: 315,000[36][37]

120 million[200]

Bee Gees

United Kingdom Australia[201][202]

1963–20032009–2012[203]

1963[203]

Pop / Disco[203]

showTotal available certified units: 69.3 million
US: 42.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12][204][205]
GER: 6.675 million[a][13]
UK: 9.525 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.4 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 3.215 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.187 million[a][18]
BRA: 350,000[a][20]
NLD: 540,000[a][21]
SPA: 450,000[a][24][43][59]
SWI: 415,000[a][29]
ARG: 188,000[a][30][31]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
POL: 100,000[a][35]
NZ: 380,000[a][36][37]

120 million[206]

text: 100 million to 119 million records

text:
Katy Perry

Adele

Lady Gaga

Lil Wayne

Jay-Z

B'z

Coldplay

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

Lady Gaga

United States

2005–present[207]

2008[207]

Pop / Dance / Electronic[207]

showTotal available certified units: 102.5 million
US: 69.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][54]
GER: 4.1 million[13]
UK: 11.785 million[14]
FRA: 1.697 million[16]
CAN: 2.4 million[17]
AUS: 2.890 million[18]
BRA: 470,000[20]
NLD: 130,000[21]
ITA: 840,000[a][22]
SPA: 410,000[23]
SWE: 680,000[25][60]
DEN: 340,000[62][28][27]
SWI: 445,000[29]
MEX: 420,000[48][100][158]
BEL: 270,000[33]
AUT: 182,500[34]
POL: 130,000[35]
IRE: 165,000[101]
NZ: 277,500[36][37]

114 million[208]

Katy Perry

United States

2001–present[209]

2008[209]

Pop[209]

showTotal available certified units: 137.9 million
US: 104 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[12][54]
GER: 3.8 million[13]
UK: 13.010 million[14]
FRA: 867,000[16]
CAN: 6.240 million[17]
AUS: 5.3 million[18]
BRA: 625,000[20]
ITA: 790,000[a][22]
SPA: 180,000[23]
SWE: 600,000[25][60]
DEN: 235,000[61][28]
SWI: 160,000[29]
MEX: 960,000[48][100][158]
BEL: 135,000[33]
AUT: 247,500[34]
NZ: 360,000[36][37]

100 million[210]

Adele

United Kingdom

2006–present[211]

2008[211]

Pop, soul[211]

showTotal available certified units: 107.5 million
US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
GER: 4.7 million[13]
UK: 21.350 million[14]
CAN: 7.280 million[17]
AUS: 3.955 million[18]
BRA: 1.310 million[20]
NLD: 380,000[21]
ITA: 1.570 million[a][22]
SPA: 800,000[23]
SWE: 320,000[25][60]
DEN: 882,500[61][28]
MEX: 1.490 million[48]
SWI: 510,000[29]
BEL: 795,000[33]
POL: 300,000[a][35]
FIN: 151,639[49]
NZ: 622,500[36]

100 million[212]

Lil Wayne

United States

1996–present[213]

1999[213]

Hip-hop[213]

showTotal available certified units: 101.8 million
US: 94.7 million[11]
GER: 300,000[13]
UK:  3.060 million[14]
FRA: 100,000[16]
CAN: 280,000[17]
AUS: 630,000[18]

100 million[214]

Jay-Z

United States

1996–present[215]

1996[215]

Hip-hop[215]

showTotal available certified units: 101.3 million
US: 84.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[54]
GER: 2 million[13]
UK:  9.720 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[16]
CAN: 1.6 million[17]
AUS: 1.260[18]
ITA: 215,000[a][22]
SWE: 130,000[25][60]
DEN: 140,000[61][28]
BEL: 100,000[33]

100 million[216]

B'z

Japan

1988–present[217]

1988[217]

Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock[217]

showTotal available certified units: 85.8 million
JPN: 85.85 million[a][12][54][109]

100 million[218]

Coldplay

United Kingdom

1996–present[219]

1999[219]

Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop[219]

showTotal available certified units: 85.3 million
US: 31.6 million[11]
JPN: 750,000[12][54]
GER: 4.550 million[13]
UK: 26.845 million[14]
FRA: 3.013[16]
CAN: 3.585 million[17]
AUS: 3.865 million[18]
BRA: 340,000[20]
NLD: 390,000[21]
ITA: 2.910 million[a][22]
SPA: 1.030 million[23]
SWE: 750,000[25][60]
DEN: 894,000[61][28]
SWI: 550,000[29]
MEX: 1.890 million[48][100]
ARG: 528,000[30][31]
BEL: 765,000[33]
AUT: 197,500[34]
POL: 320,000[a][35]
IRE: 210,000[a][101]
NZ: 345,000[36]

100 million[220]

Bon Jovi

United States

1983–present[221]

1983[221]

Hard rock / Glam metal[221]

showTotal available certified units: 85.2 million
US: 49.9 million[11]
JPN: 4.4 million[a][12][54]
GER: 5.650 million[13]
UK: 9.690 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[15][16][55]
CAN: 4.735 million[17]
AUS: 3.030 million[a][18][222][223]
BRA: 435,000[a][20]
NLD: 710,000[21]
ITA: 210,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.620 million[23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 365,000[a][25][60]
SWI: 1.275 million[a][29]
MEX: 250,000[a][48]
ARG: 358,000[30][31]
BEL: 290,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 725,000[a][34]
POL: 120,000[a][35]
FIN: 422,500[49]
NZ: 210,000[36][37]

100 million[224]

Beyoncé

United States

1997–present[225]

2002[225][226]

R&B / Pop[225]

showTotal available certified units: 84.7 million
US: 57.150 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million [12][54]
GER: 1.550 million[13]
UK: 16.045 million[14]
FRA: 560,000[16][84]
CAN: 1.475 million[17]
AUS: 3.255 million[18]
BRA: 390,000[20]
ITA: 310,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.190 million[a][23][227]
SWE: 120,000[25][60]
DEN: 312,500[62][28][70][27][228][229]
SWI: 165,000[29]
MEX: 110,000[48]
BEL: 135,000[33]
POL: 110,000[35]
NZ: 210,000[36][37]

100 million[230]

Linkin Park

United States

1996–present[231]

2000[231]

Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock[231]

showTotal available certified units: 83.5 million
US: 61.6 million[11]
JPN: 1.550 million[12][54]
GER: 5.850 million[13]
UK: 7.2 million[14]
FRA: 1.025[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 1.485 million[18]
BRA: 595,000[20]
ITA: 765,000[a][22]
SPA: 175,000[23]
SWE: 165,000[25][60]
DEN: 205,000[61][28]
SWI: 435,000[29]
MEX: 225,000[48]
BEL: 140,000[33]
AUT: 252,500[34]
POL: 220,000[35]
FIN: 120,469[49]
NZ: 252,500[36][37]

100 million[232]

Fleetwood Mac

United Kingdom United States

1967–present[233]

1968[233]

Rock / Pop[233]

showTotal available certified units: 82.9 million
US: 56.250 million[11]
UK: 14.785 million[a][14]
GER: 3.5 million[a][13]
FRA: 800,000[a][15][16]
AUS: 2.767 million[a][18][19]
CAN: 2.950 million[a][17]
NLD: 590,000[a][21]
SPA: 300,000[a][44][59]
SWI: 100,000[a][29]
BEL: 100,000[a][33]
NZ: 572,500[a][37][234][235]

100 million[236]

Britney Spears

United States

1998–present[237]

1998[237]

Pop / Dance / Dance-pop[237]

showTotal available certified units: 82.4 million
US: 46.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.1 million[12][130]
GER: 5.350 million[13]
UK: 10.950 million[14]
FRA: 3.732 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 3.680 million[17]
AUS: 3.165 million[18]
BRA: 380,000[20]
NLD: 665,000[21]
ITA: 200,000[a][22]
SPA: 990,000[23][44][59]
SWE: 1.010 million[25][60]
DEN: 225,000[a][61][62][238]
SWI: 485,000[29]
MEX: 1.175 million[a][48]
ARG: 248,000[30][31]
BEL: 935,000[32][33]
AUT: 365,000[34]
POL: 210,000[35]
FIN: 143,627[49]
NZ: 240,000[36][37]

100 million[239]

Rod Stewart

United Kingdom

1964–present[240]

1969[240]

Rock / Pop[240]

showTotal available certified units: 78.3 million
US: 43.650 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[a][12]
GER: 3.8 million[a][13]
UK: 18.690 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.8 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 4.055 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.610 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 980,000[a][20]
NLD: 140,000[a][21]
SPA: 290,000[a][23][24][43]
SWE: 440,000[a][25]
SWI: 100,000[a][29]
ARG: 524,000[a][30][31]
AUT: 100,000[a][34]
POL: 220,000[a][35]
IRE: 195,000[a][101]
NZ: 280,000[a][36][37]

100 million[241]

Guns N' Roses

United States

1985–present[242]

1987[242]

Hard rock / Heavy metal[242]

showTotal available certified units: 75.6 million
US: 48.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million[a][12]
GER: 4.1 million[13]
UK: 6.550 million[14]
FRA: 1 million[16]
CAN: 3.520 million[17]
AUS: 2.410[a][18][19][164]
BRA: 1.9 million[a][20]
NLD: 705,000[21]
ITA: 710,000[a][22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][43]
SWE: 485,000[25]
DEN: 215,000[a][28][243]
SWI: 365,000[a][29]
MEX: 760,000[a][48]
ARG: 1.248 million[a][30][31]
BEL: 165,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 365,000[34]
POL: 160,000[a][35]
IRE: 105,000[a][101]
NZ: 270,000[36][37]

100 million[244]

Backstreet Boys

United States

1993–present[245]

1995[245]

Pop[245]

showTotal available certified units: 73 million
US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][54][246]
GER: 7 million[13]
UK: 4.875 million[14]
FRA: 325,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.4 million[a][18]
BRA: 1.625 million[20]
NLD: 830,000[21]
SPA: 1.850 million[44][59]
SWE: 655,000[25]
DEN: 165,000[a][247][248][28]
SWI: 415,000[29]
MEX: 1.475 million[a][48]
ARG: 740,000[30]
BEL: 450,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 325,000[34]
POL: 300,000[35]
FIN: 171,390[49]
NZ: 132,500[36]

100 million[249]

George Strait

United States

1981–present[250]

1984[250]

Country[250]

showTotal available certified units: 72.8 million
US: 72.150 million[11]
CAN: 705,000[17]

100 million[251]

Neil Diamond

United States

1966–present[252]

1966[252]

Pop / Rock[252]

showTotal available certified units: 68.9 million
US: 55.9 million[11]
GER: 1 million[a][13]
UK:  7.330 million[a][14]
FRA: 400,000[a][15]
CAN: 1.725 million[a][17]
AUS: 2.085 million[a][18][253]
NLD: 250,000[a][21]
SPA: 100,000[a][43]
NZ: 127,500[a][36][37]

100 million[254]

Santana

United States

1966–present[255]

1969[255]

Rock[255]

showTotal available certified units: 65.2 million
US: 50.295 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[a][12]
GER: 2.4 million[a][13]
UK: 2.980 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.510 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 1.660 million[a][17]
AUS: 855,000[a][18]
BRA: 375,000[a][20]
NLD: 540,000[a][21]
SPA: 450,000[a][44][59]
SWE: 125,000[a][25]
SWI: 375,000[a][29]
MEX: 405,000[a][48]
ARG: 158,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 190,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 145,000[a][34]
POL: 205,000[a][35]
NZ: 135,000[a][36][37]

100 million[256]

Prince

United States

1976–2016[257]

1978[257]

Funk / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock[257]

showTotal available certified units: 65.1 million
US: 48.950 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12]
GER: 2.4 million[13]
UK: 7.245 million[14]
FRA: 2.110 million[15][16]
CAN: 1 million[17]
AUS: 1.120[a][18][19]
NLD: 670,000[a][21]
SPA: 700,000[a][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 100,000[25]
SWI: 250,000[a][29]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
NZ: 177,500[a][36]

100 million[258]

Kenny Rogers

United States

1958–present[259]

1975[259]

Country / Pop[259]

showTotal available certified units: 61.4 million
US: 54.050 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][260]
UK: 2.520 million[14]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 100,000[a][261][262]
SPA: 100,000[a][43]

100 million[263]

Paul McCartney

United Kingdom

1960–present[264]

1970[264]

Rock[264]

showTotal available certified units: 60.6 million
US: 41.450 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[a][12]
GER: 1.525 million[a][13]
UK: 12.425 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.305 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 1.955 million[a][17]
AUS: 465,000[a][18][19]
SPA: 640,000[a][24][43]
SWE: 210,000[a][60][265]
DEN: 210,000[a][62][28]

100 million[266]

Simon & Garfunkel

United States

1956–present[267]

1964[267]

Folk rock[267]

showTotal available certified units: 59.4 million
US: 42.6 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[a][12]
GER: 2.325 million[a][13]
UK: 6.820 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.9 million[a][15]
CAN: 1.425 million[a][17]
AUS: 390,000[a][18][19]
NLD: 300,000[a][21]
ITA: 100,000[a][22]
SWE: 150,000[a][25]
SWI: 450,000[a][29]
AUT: 100,000[a][34]
FIN: 163,350[a][49]

100 million[268]

Janet Jackson

United States

1982–present[269]

1982[269]

R&B / Pop[269]

showTotal available certified units: 52.5 million
US: 39.750 million[11]
JPN: 1.6 million [a][12]
GER: 1.4 million[13]
UK: 4.760 million[14]
FRA: 1.475 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 1.460 million[17]
AUS: 1.155[a][18][19]
NLD: 400,000[21]
SPA: 150,000[44][59]
SWE: 105,000[a][25]
SWI: 170,000[a][29]
BEL: 125,000[a][32]

100 million[270]

Julio Iglesias

Spain

1968–present[271]

1968[271]

Latin[271]

showTotal available certified units: 51.2 million
US: 11 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[a][272]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 1.620 million[a][14][272]
FRA: 6.1 million[15][16][55][272]
CAN: 1.5 million[17]
AUS: 505,000[a][18][272]
BRA: 12.475 million[a][20][272]
NLD: 1.2 million[a][21][272]
ITA: 400,000[a][22][272]
SPA: 8.7 million[a][23][24][43][44][59][272]
SWE: 290,000[a][25][272]
MEX: 2.975 million[a][48][272]
ARG: 3.220 million[a][30][272]
BEL: 125,000[a][272][33]
FIN: 131,636[a][49]

100 million[273]

Chicago

United States

1967–present[274]

1969[274]

Rock / Pop[274]

showTotal available certified units: 48.4 million
US: 44.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[a][12][275]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 1.490 million[a][14]
FRA: 100,000[a][15]
CAN: 1.865 million[17]
NLD: 100,000[a][21]
SPA: 100,000[a][24]

100 million[276]

Dire Straits

United Kingdom

1977–1995[277]

1978[277]

Rock [277]

showTotal available certified units: 46.5 million
US: 15.5 million[11]
GER: 3.750 million[13]
UK: 11.8 million[14]
FRA: 5.3 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.575 million[17]
AUS: 2.190 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 175,000[a][20]
NLD: 900,000[21]
ITA: 385,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.380 million[a][23][24][43][44]
SWE: 360,000[a][25]
DEN: 195,000[a][62][61][28]
SWI: 1 million[a][29]
BEL: 100,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 300,000[a][34]
FIN: 471,530[49]
NZ: 155,000[a][37]

100 million[278]

Bob Dylan

United States

1959–present[279]

1963[279]

Folk / Rock[279]

showTotal available certified units: 45.3 million
US: 35.6 million[11]
GER: 625,000[a][13]
UK: 6.065 million[a][14]
FRA: 800,000[a][15][16]
CAN: 1.5 million[a][17]
AUS: 480,000[a][18]
SWI: 175,000[a][29]
NZ: 105,000[a][36]

100 million[280]

Def Leppard

United Kingdom

1977–present[281]

1979[281]

Hard rock / Heavy metal[281]

showTotal available certified units: 42.3 million
US: 36.150 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12]
UK: 1.960 million[14]
FRA: 200,000[15]
CAN: 2.995 million[17]
AUS: 385,000[19][282]
SWE: 150,000[a][25]
SWI: 125,000[a][29]
MEX: 200,000[a][48]

100 million[283]

Cher

United States

1964–present[284]

1965[284]

Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk[284]

showTotal available certified units: 41.2 million
US: 21.9 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][12]
GER: 4.175 million[a][13]
UK: 6.710 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.525 million[a][16][55]
CAN: 1.340 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.530 million[a][18][285]
BRA: 125,000[a][20]
NLD: 375,000[a][21][286][287]
ITA: 300,000[a][288]
SPA: 600,000[a][44][59][288]
SWE: 850,000[a][25][60]
SWI: 295,000[a][29]
MEX: 200,000[a][48]
DEN: 370,000[a][288][28]
ARG: 106,000[a][30][272]
BEL: 275,000[a][32]
AUT: 250,000[a][34]
POL: 100,000[a][35]
NZ: 150,000[36][289]

100 million[290]

Genesis

United Kingdom

1967–19992006–present[291]

1969[291]

Progressive rock / Pop rock[291]

showTotal available certified units: 40.2 million
US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][12]
GER: 5.875 million[a][13]
UK: 7.325 million[a][14]
FRA: 3.460 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 805,000[a][17]
NLD: 300,000[a][21]
SPA: 250,000[a][23][24][43]
SWE: 100,000[a][25]
SWI: 400,000[a][29]

100 million[292]

Olivia Newton-John

Australia

1966–present[293]

1966[293]

Pop[293]

showTotal available certified units: 35.9 million
US: 27 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][12]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 3.950 million[a][14]
FRA: 1 million[55]
CAN: 3.025 million[a][17]
AUS: 450,000[a][18][19][294]
NLD: 150,000[a][21]

100 million[295]

James Taylor

United States

1968–present[296]

1970[296]

Rock / Pop[296]

showTotal available certified units: 35.5 million
US: 34.650 million[11]
UK: 655,000[a][14]
CAN: 100,000[a][17]
AUS: 100,000[a][18]

100 million[297]

Stevie Wonder

United States

1961–present[298]

1962[298]

Funk / R&B / Soul[298]

showTotal available certified units: 35.1 million
US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[a][12]
GER: 500,000[a][13]
UK: 8.485 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[a][15][55]
CAN: 1.550 million[17]
NLD: 250,000[a][21]
SPA: 250,000[a][43]

100 million[299]

David Bowie

United Kingdom

1962–2016[300]

1967[300]

Art rock / Glam rock / Pop[300]

showTotal available certified units: 34.4 million
US: 13.7 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[a][12]
GER: 525,000[a][13]
UK: 13.495 million[a][14]
FRA: 2.380 million[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 2.315 million[a][17]
AUS: 635,000[a][18][77]
NLD: 465,000[a][21]
ITA: 420,000[a][22]
SPA: 170,000[a][23][24][43]
NZ: 142,500[a][36]

100 million[301]

Tina Turner

United States

1955–present[302]

1975[302]

Rock / Pop[302]

showTotal available certified units: 33.4 million
US: 12.7 million[11]
GER: 6.050 million[13]
UK: 8.145 million[14]
FRA: 1.135 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 1.560 million[17]
AUS: 480,000[a][18][19]
NLD: 565,000[a][21]
SPA: 700,000[a][23][24][43][44]
SWE: 330,000[a][25]
SWI: 565,000[a][29]
BEL: 190,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 630,000[a][34]
POL: 120,000[a][35]
FIN: 241,954[49]

100 million[303]

Linda Ronstadt

United States

1967–present[304]

1968[304]

Rock / Folk / Country[304]

showTotal available certified units: 32.5 million
US: 31.5 million[11]
UK: 435,000[a][14]
FRA: 100,000[a][15]
CAN: 500,000[a][17]

100 million[305]

Donna Summer

United States

1968–2012[306]

1974[306]

Pop / Disco / R&B[306]

showTotal available certified units: 30.9 million
US: 24.5 million[11]
UK: 3.735 million[a][14]
FRA: 900,000[a][15][16]
CAN: 1.550 million[a][17]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 100,000[a][21]
SPA: 100,000[a][44]

100 million[307]

The Beach Boys

United States

1961–present[308]

1962[308]

Rock / Pop / Surf Rock[308]

showTotal available certified units: 30.7 million
US: 25.6 million[11]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 3.610 million[a][14]
FRA: 400,000[a][15][16][55]
CAN: 100,000[a][17]
AUS: 492,500[a][18][19]
SPA: 250,000[a][43][44]

100 million[309]

The Who

United Kingdom

1964–present[310]

1965[310]

Rock / Hard rock[310]

showTotal available certified units: 27.5 million
US: 22.150 million[11]
UK: 4.565 million[a][14]
FRA: 300,000[a][15]
CAN: 425,000[a][17]
ITA: 125,000[a][22]

100 million[311]

Barry White

United States

1972–2003[312]

1973[312]

R&B / Soul[312]

showTotal available certified units: 21.7 million
US: 16.5 million[11]
UK: 3.665 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.1 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[a][17]
SPA: 200,000[a][59]
BEL: 175,000[a][33]

100 million[313]

text: 80 million to 99 million records

text:
Drake

Maroon 5

Chris Brown

Nicki Minaj

Flo Rida

Shania Twain

Pink

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

Drake

Canada

2001–present[314]

2009[314]

Hip-hop / R&B / Pop[314]

showTotal available certified units: 240.7 million
US: 202.72 million[11]
GER: 2.050 million[13]
UK: 21.7 million[14]
FRA: 1.69 million[16]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 2.520 million[18]
ITA: 1.080 million[22]
SPA: 380,000[23]
SWE: 1.150 million[25][60]
DEN: 1.330[28]
MEX: 960,000[48][315]
BEL: 215,000[33]
NZ: 322,500[36]

96 million[316]

Maroon 5

United States

1994–present[317]

2002[317]

Pop rock / Funk rock / Dance-pop[317]

showTotal available certified units: 102.9 million
US: 71 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[12][54]
GER: 2.550[13]
UK: 10.960 million[14]
FRA: 842,000[16]
CAN: 4.325 million[17]
AUS: 3.185 million[18]
BRA: 490,000[20]
ITA: 860,000[a][22]
SPA: 270,000[a][23]
SWE: 850,000[25][60]
DEN: 607,500[a][28][62][61]
MEX: 3.515 million[48][318]
BEL: 105,000[33]
NZ: 375,000[36]

90 million[319]

Shania Twain

Canada

1993–present[320]

1993[320]

Country pop[320]

showTotal available certified units: 77.1 million
US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12]
GER: 1.750 million[13]
UK: 7.395 million[14]
FRA: 975,000[16][55]
CAN: 6.880 million[17]
AUS: 2.360 million[a][18]
BRA: 475,000[20]
NLD: 540,000[21]
SPA: 100,000[59]
SWE: 330,000[25]
DEN: 210,000[a][61][28]
SWI: 310,000[29]
MEX: 100,000[a][48]
ARG: 120,000[30]
BEL: 250,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 115,000[34]
NZ: 402,500[36][37]

90 million[321]

Pink

United States

1995–present[322]

2000[322]

Pop, Pop rock, R&B[322]

showTotal available certified units: 71.8 million
US: 32.225 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[12]
GER: 5.725 million[13]
UK: 14.675 million[14]
FRA: 1.198 million[16][55]
CAN: 4.130 million[17]
AUS: 9.870 million[18]
NLD: 175,000[21]
ITA: 425,000[a][22]
SWE: 530,000[25]
SWI: 565,000[29]
DEN: 281,500[61][28]
MEX: 360,000[48]
BEL: 235,000[33]
AUT: 417,500[34]
POL: 100,000[35]
NZ: 495,000[36][37]

90 million[323]

The Carpenters

United States

1969–1983[324]

1969[324]

Pop[324]

showTotal available certified units: 46 million
US: 34.6 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million[a][12][122][325]
GER: 250,000[a][13]
UK: 7.950 million[a][14]
CAN: 275,000[a][17]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]

90 million[326]

Lionel Richie

United States

1968–present[327]

1981[327]

Pop / R&B[327]

showTotal available certified units: 40.8 million
US: 28.650 million[11]
GER: 1.050 million[a][13]
UK: 6.555 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 2.380 million[a][17]
AUS: 260,000[a][18][328]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 180,000[21]
SPA: 150,000[24][43]
SWI: 145,000[a][29]

90 million[329]

Earth, Wind & Fire

United States

1969–present[330]

1971[330]

Funk / R&B / Soul[330]

showTotal available certified units: 36.1 million
US: 31.8 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[a][12][331][332]
UK: 2.725 million[14]
FRA: 500,000[15][16]
CAN: 360,000[17]
NLD: 250,000[a][21]

90 million[333]

Johnny Cash

United States

1954–2003[334]

1956[334]

Country / Rock and roll / Gospel[334]

showTotal available certified units: 31.1 million
US: 25.7 million[11]
GER: 550,000[a][13]
UK: 3.910 million[a][14]
CAN: 490,000[a][17]
AUS: 522,500[a][18]

90 million[335]

Justin Timberlake

United States

1992–present[336]

2002[336]

Pop, R&B, Neo soul[336]

showTotal available certified units: 67.4 million
US: 43.2 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
GER: 3.050 million[13]
UK: 12.780 million[14]
FRA: 678,000[16][55]
CAN: 2.720 million[17]
AUS: 2.450 million[18]
NLD: 105,000[21]
ITA: 345,000[a][22]
SPA: 120,000[59]
SWE: 210,000[25]
DEN: 485,000[61][28]
SWI: 230,000[29]
MEX: 330,000[48]
BEL: 300,000[33]
POL: 190,000[35]
NZ: 185,000[36]

88 million[337]

Chris Brown

United States

2005–present[338]

2005[338]

Pop / R&B, Hip-hop [338]

showTotal available certified units: 101.2 million
US: 84.050 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[54]
GER: 450,000[13]
UK: 11.1 million[14]
CAN: 770,000[17]
AUS: 2.730 million[18]
BRA: 570,000[20]
ITA: 140,000[22]
SWE: 330,000[60]
DEN: 337,500[28]
MEX: 150,000[48]
NZ: 275,000[36]

86 million[339]

Nicki Minaj

United States

2008–present[340]

2010[340]

Hip-hop, Pop[340]

showTotal available certified units: 88.1 million
US: 70.5 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[54]
GER: 1.150 million[13]
UK:  9.3 million[14]
FRA: 566,000[16]
CAN: 920,000[17]
AUS: 3.150 million[18]
BRA: 250,000[20]
ITA: 485,000[22]
SPA: 220,000[23]
SWE: 420,000[25][60]
DEN: 220,000[28]
SWI: 120,000[29]
MEX: 150,000[48][100]
NZ: 247,500[36]

85 million[341]

R.E.M.

United States

1980–2011[342]

1983[342]

Alternative rock[342]

showTotal available certified units: 42.8 million
US: 21.150 million[11]
GER: 4.275 million[13]
UK: 8.765 million[14]
FRA: 1.450 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.650 million[17]
AUS: 1.030[a][18][19]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 100,000[21]
ITA: 225,000[a][22]
SPA: 1.1 million[23][24][44][59]
SWE: 500,000[a][25]
DEN: 155,000[a][61][62]
SWI: 450,000[a][29]
ARG: 158,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 185,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 350,000[a][34]
IRE: 127,500[a][101]
NZ: 105,000[36]

85 million[343]

Flo Rida

United States

2007–present[344]

2007[344]

Hip-hop, Hip house, EDM[344]

showTotal available certified units: 77.5 million
US: 55.5 million[11]
JPN: 650,000[a][12][54]
GER: 3.7 million[13]
UK: 8.160 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 3.090 million[17]
AUS: 3.605 million[a][18]
ITA: 360,000[a][22]
SPA: 140,000[59]
SWE: 780,000[25]
SWI: 420,000[29]
DEN: 205,000[a][28]
MEX: 330,000[a][48]
AUT: 180,000[34]
NZ: 247,500[36][37]

80 million[345]

Van Halen

United States

1978–present[346]

1978[346]

Hard rock / Heavy metal[346]

showTotal available certified units: 64.5 million
US: 57.8 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[a][12][130]
GER: 1.5 million[13]
UK: 740,000[14]
FRA: 400,000[15]
CAN: 2.450 million[17]
BRA: 200,000[a][20]
NLD: 200,000[21]

80 million[347]

Ayumi Hamasaki

Japan

1998–present[348]

1998[348]

J-pop / Pop / dance / electronic[348]

showTotal available certified units: 64.3 million
JPN: 64.3 million[12][54][109]

80 million[349][350]

Red Hot Chili Peppers

United States

1983–present[351]

1987[351]

Funk rock / Alternative rock[351]

showTotal available certified units: 59.7 million
US: 32.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.6 million[a][12][54]
GER: 2.650 million[13]
UK:  10.995 million[14]
FRA: 1.420 million[16]
CAN: 2.020 million[17]
AUS: 2.625 million[a][18][19][352]
BRA: 515,000[a][20]
NLD: 660,000[21]
ITA: 610,000[a][22]
SPA: 640,000[23][44][59]
SWE: 390,000[a][25]
SWI: 405,000[a][29]
MEX: 150,000[a][48]
DEN: 227,000[a][61][62][70][28]
BEL: 195,000[a][33]
ARG: 406,000[30][31]
AUT: 247,500[a][34]
POL: 245,000[a][35]
FIN: 171,951[49]
NZ: 285,000[36][37]

80 million[353]

Foreigner

United StatesUnited Kingdom

1976–present[354]

1977[354]

Rock / Hard Rock[354]

showTotal available certified units: 49.3 million
US: 45.1 million[11]
GER: 1.5 million[13]
UK: 1.3 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15][16]
CAN: 700,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[a][18]
NLD: 150,000[21]
SWI: 125,000[a][29]

80 million[355]

George Michael

United Kingdom

1981–2016[356]

1984[356]

Pop[356]

showTotal available certified units: 48 million
US: 20.8 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12]
GER: 2.4 million[13]
UK: 12.850 million[14]
FRA: 3.217 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 1.870 million[17]
AUS: 2.205 million[a][18][19]
BRA: 350,000[a][20]
NLD: 1.140 million[21]
SPA: 850,000[23][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 310,000[a][25]
DEN: 400,000[61][28][70][357]
SWI: 335,000[a][29]
ARG: 118,000[30][31]
BEL: 315,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 140,000[a][34]
POL: 340,000[a][35]
NZ: 140,000[36][37]

80 million[358]

The Doors

United States

1965–1973[359]

1967[359]

Psychedelic rock[359]

showTotal available certified units: 47.9 million
US: 37.6 million[11]
GER: 1.750 million[a][13]
UK: 2.040 million[a][14]
FRA: 1.9 million[a][15][16]
CAN: 2.780 million[a][17]
AUS: 1.022 million[a][18]
BRA: 100,000[20]
ITA: 130,000[a][22]
SPA: 300,000[a][43][59]
SWI: 125,000[a][29]
ARG: 150,000[a][30]
AUT: 100,000[a][34]

80 million[360]

Reba McEntire

United States

1975–present[361]

1987[361]

Country / Country Pop[361]

showTotal available certified units: 42.7 million
US: 41.9 million[11]
CAN: 850,000[17]

80 million[362]

Meat Loaf

United States

1968–present[363]

1977[363]

Rock / Hard rock[363]

showTotal available certified units: 44.2 million
US: 25.6 million[11]
GER: 2.350 million[13]
UK: 9.665 million[14]
CAN: 3.380 million[17]
AUS: 2.522 million[a][18][19]
NLD: 425,000[21]
SWE: 100,000[a][25]
SWI: 115,000[a][29]
AUT: 100,000[a][34]

80 million[364]

Tom Petty

United States

1976–2017[365]

1977[365]

Rock[365]

showTotal available certified units: 34.7 million
US: 31.250 million[11]
GER: 500,000[13]
UK: 1.060 million[14]
CAN: 1.7 million[17]
SWE: 200,000[a][25]

80 million[366]

Johnny Hallyday

France

1957–2017[367]

1960[367]

Rock / Pop[367]

showTotal available certified units: 26.6 million
FRA: 25.794 million[a][15][16][55][84][368]
SWI: 268,000[a][29]
BEL: 540,000[a][32][33]

80 million[369]

text: 75 million to 79 million records

text:
Journey

Tim McGraw

The Black Eyed Peas

Christina Aguilera

Usher

R. Kelly

Robbie Williams

text:
Artist

Country / Market

Period active

Release-year of first charted record

Genre

Total certified units(from available markets)[a]

Claimed sales

The Black Eyed Peas

United States

1995–present[370]

1998[370]

Hip-hop / R&B / Dance[370]

showTotal available certified units: 58.8 million
US: 31.4 million[11]
JPN: 1.250 million[12][54]
GER: 3.3 million[13]
UK: 10.8 million[14]
FRA: 2.650 million[16]
CAN: 2.7 million[17]
AUS: 3.270 million[18]
BRA: 255,000[20]
NLD: 160,000[21]
ITA: 365,000[a][22]
SPA: 460,000[23]
SWE: 300,000[25][60]
DEN: 161,000[a][28][70][27][61]
SWI: 460,000[29]
MEX: 390,000[a][48]
BEL: 460,000[33]
IRE: 135,000[a][101]
NZ: 340,000[36][37]

76 million[371]

Journey

United States

1973–present[372]

1975[372]

Rock / Soft rock[372]

showTotal available certified units: 62.1 million
US: 59.7 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[a][12][373]
UK: 1.4 million[14]
CAN: 725,000[17]

75 million[374]

Tim McGraw

United States

1990–present[375]

1994[375]

Country[375]

showTotal available certified units: 61.7 million
US: 60.150 million[11]
UK: 200,000[14]
CAN: 1.375 million[17]

75 million[376]

Christina Aguilera

United States

1993–present[377]

1999[377]

R&B / Pop / Rock[377]

showTotal available certified units: 57.6 million
US: 37.7 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[12][54]
GER: 2.075 million[13]
UK: 7.870 million[14]
FRA: 575,000[16]
CAN: 2.940 million[17]
AUS: 2.620 million[18]
BRA: 100,000[20]
NLD: 170,000[21]
ITA: 150,000[a][22]
SPA: 310,000[a][23][59]
SWE: 500,000[25][60]
DEN: 220,500[a][62][28][70]
SWI: 225,000[29]
MEX: 885,000[48]
ARG: 100,000[30]
BEL: 240,000[33]
AUT: 140,000[34]
NZ: 195,000[36]

75 million[378]

Usher

United States

1991–present[379]

1994[379]

R&B / Pop[379]

showTotal available certified units: 56.4 million
US: 41.435 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][54]
GER: 1.150[13]
UK: 8.925 million[14]
FRA: 210,000[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 2.112 million[18]
SWE: 105,000[25][60]
DEN: 137,500[a][28][62]
SWI: 170,000[29]
NZ: 150,000[36]

75 million[380]

R. Kelly

United States

1989–present[381]

1991[381]

R&B / Soul / Hip-hop[381]

showTotal available certified units: 55.6 million
US: 46.9 million[11]
GER: 1.4 million[13]
UK: 5.420 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[16]
CAN: 300,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[18]
NLD: 365,000[21]
SWI: 100,000[29]
BEL: 275,000[32][33]

75 million[382]

Robbie Williams

United Kingdom

1990–present[383]

1996[383]

Pop rock[383]

showTotal available certified units: 52.8 million
US: 500,000[11]
GER: 10.275 million[13]
UK: 27.550 million[14]
FRA: 2.695 million[16][55]
CAN: 250,000[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
NLD: 1.205 million[21]
ITA: 385,000[a][22]
SPA: 440,000[a][23][59]
SWE: 445,000[25][60]
DEN: 676,500[a][61][62][28][70][78]
SWI: 998,000[29]
MEX: 1.595 million[a][48]
ARG: 462,000[30][31]
BEL: 600,000[32][33]
AUT: 917,500[34]
POL: 140,000[35]
FIN: 235,743[49]
IRE: 135,000[a][101]
NZ: 445,000[36]

75 million[384]

Kenny G

United States

1982–present[385]

1984[385]

Smooth jazz[385]

showTotal available certified units: 52.1 million
US: 48.1 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[a][12]
UK: 360,000[14]
CAN: 950,000[17]
AUS: 245,000[a][18][179]
BRA: 1.350 million[a][20]
SPA: 450,000[24][44]

75 million[386]

Tupac Shakur

United States

1991–1996[387]

1991[387]

Hip-hop[387]

showTotal available certified units: 51.7 million
US: 46.2 million[11]
GER: 650,000[13]
UK: 3.695 million[14]
CAN: 820,000[17]
AUS: 430,000[18][388]

75 million[389]

Enya

Ireland

1982–present[390]

1987[390]

New-age / Celtic[390]

showTotal available certified units: 50.8 million
US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.6 million[a][12]
GER: 4.2 million[13]
UK: 5.250 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[15][16]
CAN: 1.540 million[17]
AUS: 1.505[a][18][19]
BRA: 1.650 million[a][20]
NLD: 730,000[21]
SPA: 1.760 million[23][44]
SWE: 390,000[25]
DEN: 100,000[a][26][391][392][393]
SWI: 370,000[a][29]
MEX: 125,000[a][48]
ARG: 390,000[30]
BEL: 510,000[a][33]
AUT: 185,000[a][34]
POL: 120,000[a][35]
NZ: 135,000[36]

75 million[394]

Alabama

United States

1972–present[395]

1980[395]

Country / Pop rock[395]

showTotal available certified units: 48 million
US: 46.8 million[11]
CAN: 1.2 million[17]

75 million[396]

Bob Seger

United States

1961–present[397]

1969[397]

Rock / Pop rock / Rock and Roll[397]

showTotal available certified units: 47.2 million
US: 44.5 million[11]
UK: 200,000[a][14]
CAN: 2.560 million[a][17]

75 million[398]

Nirvana

United States

1987–1994[399]

1990[399]

Grunge / Alternative rock[399]

showTotal available certified units: 47 million
US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[a][12]
GER: 1.5 million[13]
UK: 5.970 million[14]
FRA: 2.5 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.970 million[17]
AUS: 1.362[a][18][199][400][253][401]
BRA: 725,000[a][20]
NLD: 250,000[21]
ITA: 600,000[a][22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][44]
SWE: 380,000[25]
DEN: 160,000[a][28]
SWI: 190,000[29]
MEX: 475,000[a][48]
ARG: 522,000[30][31]
BEL: 375,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 230,000[a][34]
POL: 345,000[a][35]
NZ: 215,000[36][37]

75 million[402]

Bryan Adams

Canada

1979–present[403]

1979[403]

Rock[403]

showTotal available certified units: 45.7 million
US: 21 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[a][12]
GER: 4.1 million[13]
UK: 8.935 million[14]
FRA: 650,000[15][16][55]
CAN: 5.120 million[17]
AUS: 2.010 million[a][18][404]
BRA: 100,000[a][20]
NLD: 500,000[21]
SPA: 450,000 [a][24][44][59]
SWE: 440,000[a][25]
DEN: 105,000[a][62][28]
SWI: 805,000[a][29]
BEL: 375,000[a][32][33]
AUT: 375,000[a][34]
FIN: 183,444[49]

75 million[405]

Bob Marley

Jamaica

1962–1981[406]

1975[406]

Reggae[406]

showTotal available certified units: 40.9 million
US: 21.850 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[a][12]
GER: 1.750 million[13]
UK: 8.740 million[14]
FRA: 4.735 million[16]
CAN: 600,000[17]
AUS: 350,000[407][408]
NLD: 420,000[a][21]
ITA: 300,000[a][22]
SPA: 450,000[a][24][43][44][59]
SWE: 120,000[a][25]
SWI: 303,000[a][29]
ARG: 376,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 225,000[33]
AUT: 125,000[a][34]
NZ: 427,500[a][36][37]

75 million[409]

The Police

United Kingdom

1977–19862007–2008[410]

1978[410]

Pop / Rock[410]

showTotal available certified units: 39.4 million
US: 23.150 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[a][12]
GER: 1.775 million[13]
UK: 8.560 million[14]
FRA: 3.340 million[15][16][55]
CAN: 875,000[17]
AUS: 407,500[a][18]
BRA: 140,000[a][20]
NLD: 250,000[21]
ITA: 100,000[a][22]
SPA: 300,000[a][24][43]
MEX: 100,000[a][48]
ARG: 228,000[a][30][31]
BEL: 115,000[a][33]

75 million[411]

Barry Manilow

United States

1973–present[412]

1973[412]

Pop / Soft rock[412]

showTotal available certified units: 36.5 million
US: 33.3 million[11]
UK: 2.825 million[14]
CAN: 400,000[a][17]

75 million[413]

Kiss

United States

1972–present[414]

1974[414]

Hard rock / Heavy metal[414]

showTotal available certified units: 28 million
US: 26 million[11]
CAN: 1.495 million[a][17]
UK: 100,000[14]
AUS: 130,000[a][18]
NLD: 200,000[a][21]
ARG: 112,000[a][30]

75 million[415]

Aretha Franklin

United States

1956–2018[416]

1961[416]

Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B[416]

showTotal available certified units: 24.9 million
US: 23.5 million[11]
UK: 1.040 million[a][14]
FRA: 275,000[a][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[a][17]

75 million[417]


document_title: AFC Championship Game

question_text: who won the afc championship game this year

root

text: AFC Championship Game

text: History[edit]

text: The first AFC Championship Game was played following the 1970 regular season after the merger between the NFL and the American Football League. The game is considered the successor to the former AFL Championship, and its game results are listed with that of its predecessor in the annual NFL Record and Fact Book.[2] Since the pre-merger NFL consisted of six more teams than the AFL, a realignment was required as part of the merger to create two conferences with an equal number of teams: The NFL's Baltimore Colts, the Cleveland Browns, and the Pittsburgh Steelers joined the ten former AFL teams to form the AFC; while the remaining 13 pre-merger NFL clubs formed the NFC.

tag: p

text: Every AFC team except the Houston Texans has played in an AFC Championship Game at least once. The Seattle Seahawks, who have been members in both the AFC and the NFC, hold the distinction of appearing in both conference title games, a loss in the AFC conference title game to the Los Angeles Raiders for Super Bowl XVIII and, in their first appearance in a NFC conference title game, a win over the Carolina Panthers for Super Bowl XL. The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most appearances in the AFC Championship Game at 16, with 11 of those games being in Pittsburgh, the most for either conference. The most AFC Conference Championships have been won by the New England Patriots winning 10 of them and going to 7 straight (2011-present).

text: Playoff structure[edit]

text: At the end of each regular season, a series of playoff games involving the top six teams in the AFC are conducted. In the current (since 2002–03 season) NFL playoff structure, this consists of the four division champions and two wild card teams (those clubs that possess the two best won-loss records after the regular season yet fail to win their division). The two teams remaining following the Wild Card round (first round) and the divisional round (second round) play in the AFC Championship game.

text: Initially, the site of the game was determined on a rotating basis. Since the 1975–76 season, the site of the AFC Championship has been based on playoff seeding based on the regular season won-loss record, with the highest surviving seed hosting the game. A wild card team can only host the game if both participants are wild cards, in which case the fifth seed would host the sixth seed. Such an instance has never occurred in the NFL.

text: Lamar Hunt Trophy[edit]

text: Beginning with 1984–85 season,[1] the winner of the AFC Championship Game has received the Lamar Hunt Trophy, named after the founder of the AFL. The original design consisted of a wooden base with a sculpted AFC logo in the front and a sculpture of various football players in the back.

text: For the 2010–11 NFL playoffs, the Lamar Hunt Trophy and the George Halas Trophy, which is awarded to the NFC Champion, were redesigned by Tiffany & Co. at the request of the NFL, in an attempt to make both awards more significant.[3] The trophies are now a new, silver design with the outline of a hollow football positioned on a small base to more closely resemble the Vince Lombardi Trophy, which is awarded to the winner of the Super Bowl.[4]

text: List of AFC Championship Games[edit]

text:
Season
Playoffs
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Score
Location
Stadium

1970
1970–71
Baltimore Colts (1)
27
Oakland Raiders
17
Baltimore, Maryland
Memorial Stadium

1971
1971–72
Miami Dolphins (1)
21
Baltimore Colts
0
Miami, Florida
Miami Orange Bowl

1972
1972–73
Miami Dolphins (2)
21
Pittsburgh Steelers
17
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Three Rivers Stadium

1973
1973–74
Miami Dolphins (3)
27
Oakland Raiders
10
Miami, Florida (2)
Miami Orange Bowl (2)

1974
1974–75
Pittsburgh Steelers (1)
24
Oakland Raiders
13
Oakland, California
Oakland Coliseum

1975
1975–76
Pittsburgh Steelers (2)
16
Oakland Raiders
10
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (2)
Three Rivers Stadium (2)

1976
1976–77
Oakland Raiders (1)
24
Pittsburgh Steelers
7
Oakland, California (2)
Oakland Coliseum (2)

1977
1977–78
Denver Broncos (1)
20
Oakland Raiders
17
Denver, Colorado
Mile High Stadium

1978
1978–79
Pittsburgh Steelers (3)
34
Houston Oilers
5
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (3)
Three Rivers Stadium (3)

1979
1979–80
Pittsburgh Steelers (4)
27
Houston Oilers
13
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (4)
Three Rivers Stadium (4)

1980
1980–81
Oakland Raiders (2)
34
San Diego Chargers
27
San Diego, California
Jack Murphy Stadium

1981
1981–82
Cincinnati Bengals (1)
27
San Diego Chargers
7
Cincinnati, Ohio
Riverfront Stadium

1982
1982–83
Miami Dolphins (4)
14
New York Jets
0
Miami, Florida (3)
Miami Orange Bowl (3)

1983
1983–84
Los Angeles Raiders (3)
30
Seattle Seahawks
14
Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum

1984
1984–85
Miami Dolphins (5)
45
Pittsburgh Steelers
28
Miami, Florida (4)
Miami Orange Bowl (4)

1985
1985–86
New England Patriots (1)
31
Miami Dolphins
14
Miami, Florida (5)
Miami Orange Bowl (5)

1986
1986–87
Denver Broncos (2)
23a[›]
Cleveland Browns
20
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland Municipal Stadium

1987
1987–88
Denver Broncos (3)
38
Cleveland Browns
33
Denver, Colorado (2)
Mile High Stadium (2)

1988
1988–89
Cincinnati Bengals (2)
21
Buffalo Bills
10
Cincinnati, Ohio (2)
Riverfront Stadium (2)

1989
1989–90
Denver Broncos (4)
37
Cleveland Browns
21
Denver, Colorado (3)
Mile High Stadium (3)

1990
1990–91
Buffalo Bills (1)
51
Los Angeles Raiders
3
Orchard Park, New York
Ralph Wilson Stadium

1991
1991–92
Buffalo Bills (2)
10
Denver Broncos
7
Orchard Park, New York (2)
Ralph Wilson Stadium (2)

1992
1992–93
Buffalo Bills (3)
29
Miami Dolphins
10
Miami, Florida[fn 1] (6)
Joe Robbie Stadium

1993
1993–94
Buffalo Bills (4)
30
Kansas City Chiefs
13
Orchard Park, New York (3)
Ralph Wilson Stadium (3)

1994
1994–95
San Diego Chargers (1)
17
Pittsburgh Steelers
13
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (5)
Three Rivers Stadium (5)

1995
1995–96
Pittsburgh Steelers (5)
20
Indianapolis Colts
16
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (6)
Three Rivers Stadium (6)

1996
1996–97
New England Patriots (2)
20
Jacksonville Jaguars
6
Foxborough, Massachusetts
Foxboro Stadium

1997
1997–98
Denver Broncos (5)
24
Pittsburgh Steelers
21
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (7)
Three Rivers Stadium (7)

1998
1998–99
Denver Broncos (6)
23
New York Jets
10
Denver, Colorado (4)
Mile High Stadium (4)

1999
1999–00
Tennessee Titans (1)
33
Jacksonville Jaguars
14
Jacksonville, Florida
Alltel Stadium

2000
2000–01
Baltimore Ravens (1)
16
Oakland Raiders
3
Oakland, California (3)
Oakland Coliseum (3)

2001
2001–02
New England Patriots (3)
24
Pittsburgh Steelers
17
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (8)
Heinz Field

2002
2002–03
Oakland Raiders (4)
41
Tennessee Titans
24
Oakland, California (4)
Network Associates Coliseum (4)

2003
2003–04
New England Patriots (4)
24
Indianapolis Colts
14
Foxborough, Massachusetts (2)
Gillette Stadium

2004
2004–05
New England Patriots (5)
41
Pittsburgh Steelers
27
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (9)
Heinz Field (2)

2005
2005–06
Pittsburgh Steelers (6)
34
Denver Broncos
17
Denver, Colorado (5)
Invesco Field at Mile High

2006
2006–07
Indianapolis Colts (2)
38
New England Patriots
34
Indianapolis, Indiana
RCA Dome

2007
2007–08
New England Patriots (6)
21
San Diego Chargers
12
Foxborough, Massachusetts (3)
Gillette Stadium (2)

2008
2008–09
Pittsburgh Steelers (7)
23
Baltimore Ravens
14
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (10)
Heinz Field (3)

2009
2009–10
Indianapolis Colts (3)
30
New York Jets
17
Indianapolis, Indiana (2)
Lucas Oil Stadium

2010
2010–11
Pittsburgh Steelers (8)
24
New York Jets
19
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (11)
Heinz Field (4)

2011
2011–12
New England Patriots (7)
23
Baltimore Ravens
20
Foxborough, Massachusetts (4)
Gillette Stadium (3)

2012
2012–13
Baltimore Ravens (2)
28
New England Patriots
13
Foxborough, Massachusetts (5)
Gillette Stadium (4)

2013
2013–14
Denver Broncos (7)
26
New England Patriots
16
Denver, Colorado (6)
Sports Authority Field at Mile High (2)

2014
2014–15
New England Patriots (8)
45
Indianapolis Colts
7
Foxborough, Massachusetts (6)
Gillette Stadium (5)

2015
2015–16
Denver Broncos (8)
20
New England Patriots
18
Denver, Colorado (7)
Sports Authority Field at Mile High (3)

2016
2016–17
New England Patriots (9)
36
Pittsburgh Steelers
17
Foxborough, Massachusetts (7)
Gillette Stadium (6)

2017
2017–18
New England Patriots (10)
24
Jacksonville Jaguars
20
Foxborough, Massachusetts (8)
Gillette Stadium (7)

tag: table

text: Appearances 1970–present[edit]

text:
Num
Team
W
L
PCT
PF
PA
Last appearance
Last championship
Home games
Home wins
Home losses
Home Win Pct.
Away games
Away wins
Away losses
Away Win Pct.

14
New England Patriots
10
4
.714
334
249
2017
2017
8
7
1
.875
6
3
3
.500

16
Pittsburgh Steelers
8
8
.500
332
303
2016
2010
11
6
5
.545
5
2
3
.400

10
Denver Broncos
8
2
.800
235
200
2015
2015
7
6
1
.857
3
2
1
.667

7
Miami Dolphins
5
2
.714
152
115
1992
1984
6
4
2
.667
1
1
0
1.000

11
Los Angeles/Oakland Raidersd[›]
4
7
.364
202
253
2002
2002
5
3
2
.600
6
1
5
.167

5
Buffalo Bills
4
1
.800
130
54
1993
1993
3
3
0
1.000
2
1
1
.500

7
Baltimore/Indianapolis Coltse[›]
3
4
.429
132
178
2014
2009
3
3
0
1.000
4
0
4
.000

4
Baltimore Ravens
2
2
.500
78
62
2012
2012
0
0
0
-4 !—–
4
2
2
.500

2
Cincinnati Bengals
2
0
1.000
48
17
1988
1988
2
2
0
1.000
0
0
0
-6 !—–

4
Houston Oilers/
Tennessee Titansf[›]
1
3
.250
75
116
2002
1999
0
0
0
-3 !—–
4
1
3
.250

4
Los Angeles/San Diego Chargers
1
3
.250
63
95
2007
1994
1
0
1
.000
3
1
2
.333

4
New York Jets
0
4
.000
46
91
2010
N/A
0
0
0
-2 !—–
4
0
4
.000

3
Jacksonville Jaguars
0
3
.000
40
77
2017
N/A
1
0
1
.000
2
0
2
.000

3
Cleveland Browns
0
3
.000
74
98
1989
N/A
1
0
1
.000
2
0
2
.000

1
Kansas City Chiefs
0
1
.000
13
30
1993
N/A
0
0
0
-5 !—–
1
0
1
.000

1
Seattle Seahawksb[›]
0
1
.000
14
30
1983
N/Ab[›]
0
0
0
-6 !—–
1
0
1
.000

0
Houston Texans
0
0
-7 !—–
---
---
N/A
N/A
0
0
0
-7 !—–
0
0
0
-7 ! —–

0
Tampa Bay Buccaneersc[›]
0
0
-7 !—–
---
---
N/A
N/A
0
0
0
-7 !—–
0
0
0
-7 ! —–

text: ^ b: The Seahawks were members of the NFC in 1976 and then members of the AFC from 1977 to 2001, before rejoining the NFC in 2002. Including their appearances in the NFC Championship Game (3–0), they hold a combined 3–1 record between both Conference Championship Games.

text: ^ c: The Buccaneers were members of the AFC in 1976 before moving to the NFC in 1977.

text: ^ d: Includes appearances during their first tenure in Oakland (the 1970 merger until 1981), where they went 2–5 in AFC Championship Games; their period as the Los Angeles Raiders (1982–1994), where they were 1–1 in AFC Championship Games; and their current tenure in Oakland (1995–present), where they have gone 1–1 in AFC Championship Games.

text: ^ e: Includes appearances as the Baltimore Colts (the 1970 merger to 1983), where they went 1–1 in AFC Championship Games. Since moving to Indianapolis in 1984, the Colts are 2–3 in AFC Championship Games

text: ^ f: Includes appearances as the Houston Oilers (the 1970 merger to 1996), where they went 0–2 in AFC Championship Games. Since moving to Tennessee in 1997, they are 1–1 in AFC Championship Games.

text: Records[edit]

text:
Most victories: 10**; New England Patriots (1985, 1996, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2017)
Most losses: 8; Pittsburgh Steelers, (1972, 1976, 1984, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2016)
Most appearances: 16; Pittsburgh Steelers (1972, 1974–1976, 1978, 1979, 1984, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2016)
Most consecutive appearances: 7**; New England Patriots (2011–2017)
Most consecutive victories: 4**; Buffalo Bills (1990–1993)
Most victories without a loss: 2; Cincinnati Bengals (1981, 1988)[fn 2]
Most appearances without a win: 4; New York Jets (1982, 1998, 2009, 2010)
Most consecutive losses without a win: 4; (tie) Oakland Raiders (1970, 1973, 1974, 1975), New York Jets (1982, 1998, 2009, 2010)
Most defensive shutouts: 2**; Miami Dolphins (1971, 21–0 vs Colts and 1982, 14–0 vs Jets)
Most consecutive losses: 3; Oakland Raiders (1973–1975)
Most games hosted: 11**; Pittsburgh Steelers (1972, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2010)
Most numerous matchups: 3 (tie)

Pittsburgh Steelers vs. Oakland Raiders (1974, 1975, 1976)
Cleveland Browns vs. Denver Broncos (1986, 1987, 1989)
New England Patriots vs. Pittsburgh Steelers (2001, 2004, 2016)
New England Patriots vs. Indianapolis Colts (2003, 2006, 2014)

Most points scored: 51**; January 20, 1991 (1990) – Buffalo Bills vs. Los Angeles Raiders
Largest margin of victory: 48 points**; January 20, 1991 (1990) – Buffalo Bills (51) vs. Los Angeles Raiders (3)
Fewest points scored, winning team: 10; January 12, 1992 (1991) – Buffalo Bills vs. Denver Broncos
Fewest points scored: 0*; (tie) Jan 2, 1972 (1971) Baltimore Colts 0 vs Dolphins 21, Jan 23, 1983 (1982) NY Jets 0 vs Dolphins 14
Most points scored, losing team: 34**; January 21, 2007 (2006) – New England Patriots vs. Indianapolis Colts
Most combined points scored: 73**; January 6, 1985 (1984) – Miami Dolphins (45) vs. Pittsburgh Steelers (28)
Fewest combined points scored: 14; January 23, 1983 (1982) – Miami Dolphins (14) vs. New York Jets (0)
Longest game: 65 minutes, 38 seconds; January 11, 1987 (1986) – Denver Broncos (23) at Cleveland Browns (20), OT
Current AFC teams which have never appeared in a Conference Championship Game: Houston Texans[fn 3]
Current AFC teams which have never won a Conference Championship: Cleveland Browns (0–3), Houston Texans (0–0), Jacksonville Jaguars (0–3), New York Jets (0–4) and Kansas City Chiefs (0–1)
Longest drought without appearing in an AFC Championship Game: 29 years**; Cincinnati Bengals (last appearance – 1988)
Longest drought without an AFC Championship: 48 years**: New York Jets,[fn 4] and Kansas City Chiefs[fn 5]
Highest attendance: 91,445; Los Angeles Raiders vs. Seattle Seahawks in Los Angeles on January 8, 1984 (1983)

tag: ul

text: Notes:

text:
*Tied for Conference Championship record
**Conference Championship record

text: TV ratings[edit]

text:
1982: 51.6 million viewers [1]
2002:
2003: 41.5 million
2004:
2005: 44.3 million
2006: 39 million viewers [2]
2007: 46.7 million viewers (6:44-10:23pm) [3]
2008:
2009: 42 million viewers [4]
2010: 42.352 million viewers
2011: 54.9 million viewers[5]
2012: 48.7 million viewers[6][7]
2013: 47.7 million viewers[8]
2014: 51.3 million viewers [5]
2015:42.1 million viewers[9]
2016: 53.3 million viewers[10]
2017: 41.2 million viewers[11]

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Joe Robbie Stadium, now Sun Life Stadium, is located in Miami Gardens. However, the city was not incorporated until 2003. Prior to that, the area was an unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County, and the stadium used a Miami address.
Jump up ^ The Miami Dolphins won 5 AFC Championships before losing their first championship game. The New England Patriots equaled that record before losing a championship game.
Jump up ^ The franchise was founded in 2002.
Jump up ^ The Jets won Super Bowl III as the 1968 AFL Champion.
Jump up ^ The Chiefs won Super Bowl IV as the 1969 AFL Champion

tag: ol


document_title: Boston Red Sox spring training home

question_text: where do the red sox do spring training

question_tokens: where do the red sox do spring training

text: Boston Red Sox spring training home

text: Since 1993, the city of Fort Myers in Lee County, Florida, United States has been the Spring training home of the Boston Red Sox when the club moved from Winter Haven. Boston trains at the JetBlue Park at Fenway South since the ballpark opened in 2012, and the minor-league facility, featuring five full fields, is also within the Fenway South complex.

text: The Minnesota Twins play their spring training at Hammond Stadium, which is also located in Fort Myers. Each spring the two teams will play five of their preseason games against each other in a series known as the Mayor's Cup.

text: New spring facility opened in 2012[edit]

text: The Red Sox's spring training lease with Fort Myers runs through 2019, however, the Red Sox began toying with exercising an early out in their contract that allowed them to leave following the 2009 spring season. Chief operating officer Mike Dee met with Sarasota officials on April 25, 2008 to discuss the possibility of the Red Sox moving to Sarasota's Ed Smith Stadium once its current spring inhabitants, the Baltimore Orioles, move to their new spring home in Sarasota.[1]

text: On October 28, 2008, the Lee County commission voted 13-11 to approve an agreement with the Boston Red Sox to build a new spring-training facility for the team in south Lee County. Dee was present in the chambers for the vote, and took the agreement back to Boston to meet with team owner John W. Henry and other team officials.[2] On November 15, 2008, the Red Sox signed an agreement with Lee County that will keep their spring training home in the Fort Myers area for 20 more years.[3]

text: Wednesday, April 10, 2008, the Lee County commissioners selected the Watermen-Pinnacle site on Daniels Parkway (a little more than a mile east of Interstate 75) as the site for the new facility.

text: On March 29, 2011, it was announced that the new field would be named JetBlue Park[4] at Fenway South. The park was named JetBlue Park after JetBlue Airlines,[5] which has maintained major operations at Boston's Logan International Airport since 2004.

text: The new stadium opened in March, 2012. Many characteristics of the stadium were taken from Fenway Park, including a 37-foot (11 m) Green Monster wall in left field, featuring seating on top of and behind the wall. Included in the wall is a restored version of the manual scoreboard that was housed at Fenway for almost 30 years, beginning in the 1970s.[6] The field dimensions at JetBlue Park are identical to those at Fenway.[6]

text: Previous Boston Red Sox Spring Training Locations[edit]

text:
Charlottesville, Virginia (1901)
Augusta, Georgia (1902)
Macon, Georgia (1903-06)
Little Rock, Arkansas (1907-08)
Hot Springs, Arkansas: Majestic Park, Whittington Park, (1909-10, 1912-18, 1920-23)
Redondo Beach, California (1911)
Tampa, Florida (1919)
San Antonio, Texas (1924)
New Orleans, Louisiana (1925-27)
Bradenton, Florida (1928-29)
Pensacola, Florida (1930-31)
Savannah, Georgia (1932)
Sarasota, Florida (1933-42, 1946-58)
Medford, Massachusetts (1943-44)
Atlantic City, New Jersey (1945)
Scottsdale, Arizona (1959-65)
Winter Haven, Florida (1966-92)
Fort Myers, Florida (1993-present)


document_title: Paget

question_text: where does the first name paget come from

text: Paget

text: Paget is a surname of Anglo-Norman origin[1] which may refer to:

text:
Lord Alfred Paget (1816–1888), British soldier, courtier and politician
Almeric Paget, 1st Baron Queenborough (1861–1949), British cowboy, industrialist, yachtsman and politician
Sir Arthur Paget (British Army officer) (1851–1928), British Army general
Sir Bernard Paget (1887–1961), British Army general
Lady Caroline Paget (1913–1973), British socialite and actress
Charles Paget, 6th Marquess of Anglesey (1885–1947), British soldier
Christopher Paget (born 1987), English cricketer
Clara Paget (born 1988), British model and actress
Lord Clarence Paget (1811–1895), Royal Navy admiral, politician and sculptor
Debra Paget (born 1933), American actress and entertainer
Dorothy Paget (1905–1960), British racehorse owner and sponsor of motor racing
Sir Edward Paget (1775–1849), British Army general
Edward Paget (bishop) (1886–1971), English bishop
Francis Paget (1851–1911), English theologian, author and Bishop of Oxford
George Paget, 7th Marquess of Anglesey (1922–2013), British soldier and author
Henry Paget (disambiguation), several people
Sir James Paget (1814–1899), English surgeon and pathologist
Jock Paget (born 1983), New Zealand equestrian
John Paget (priest) (died 1638), English nonconforming minister, pastor at the English Reformed Church, Amsterdam
John Paget (author) (1808–1892), English agriculturist and writer on Hungary
John Paget (barrister) (1811–1898), English police magistrate and author
Michael Paget (born 1978), Welsh musician, singer, songwriter, and guitarist
Reginald Paget (1908–1990), British lawyer and politician
Sidney Paget (1860–1908), British illustrator of Sherlock Holmes stories
Stephen Paget (1855–1926), English surgeon
Thomas Paget (disambiguation), several people
William Paget (disambiguation), several people

text: This page lists people with the surname Paget. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.


document_title: List of capitals of India

question_text: when did delhi become capital of british india

text: List of capitals of India

text: Early period[edit]

text: Pataliputra: Capital of the following below:

text:
Begram and Mathura: Summer and winter capitals respectively of the Kushan Empire
Amaravati and Pratishthānapura: Capitals of Satavahana Empire
Kannauj: Capital of Harshavardhana's short lived empire; also of Pratiharas.
Manyakheta, Avanti: Capitals of Rashtrakuta Dynasty and Pratihara Empire respectively.
Gadhipur: centre of administration of the Gupta dynasty. Capital under Jamwal kings Gaadhi and Vishwamitra.
Puhar: Capital of Early Cholas.
Madurai: Capital of Pandyas
Gauḍa: Capital of Pala dynasty along with Pataliputra
Sigal: First capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
Taxila: Second capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
Mathura: Third capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
Sagala: Capital of the Indo-Greeks
Bhinmal: Capital of Gurjara Emoire

text: Jaunpur: Capital of Sharqī dynasty (1394–1479).

text: Medieval period[edit]

text:
Daulatabad: In 1327, Tughlaq dynasty, under Muhammad bin Tughluq (r. 1325-1351), forcibly moved the entire population of Delhi here, for two years, before it was abandoned due to lack of water.
Ghor: Capital of  Ghurid Sultanate
Badaun: Capital of Iltutmish empire.
Agra: Capital of Sikandar lodhi at the time of lodhi dynasty. Sultan Sikandar Lodī (1488–1517) was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506.
Vijayanagara: Capital of Vijayanagara Empire from 1571 until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water.
Kanchipuram Capital of Pallavas
Thanjavur: Capital of Cholas
Allahabad: The city was a provincial capital in the Mughal Empire and was the headquarters of Jahangir from 1599 to 1604.[1]
Murshidabad: In 1704, nawab Murshid Quli Khan changed the seat of government from Dhaka to Murshidabad, renaming it after himself.
Pune: In 1730, Pune became the seat of the Peshwa of Maratha Empire.
Munger: Mir Qasim Ali, the Nawab of Bengal (from 1760 to 1764). In 1763, Quasim shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger.
Patna: Sher Shah Suri's capital for brief period of 5 years

text: Modern period[edit]

text:
In 1858, Allahabad became the capital of India for a day when it also served as the capital of North-Western Provinces.[2]
During the British Raj, until 1911, Calcutta was the capital of India.[3]
By the latter half of the 19th century Shimla had become the summer capital.[4]
King George V proclaimed the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi at the climax of the 1911 Imperial Durbar on December 12, 1911. The buildings housing the Viceroy, government and parliament were inaugurated in early 1931.[citation needed]


document_title: National symbols of Trinidad and Tobago

question_text: who wrote the national motto of trinidad and tobago

text: National symbols of Trinidad and Tobago

text: The national symbols of Trinidad and Tobago are the symbols that are used in Trinidad and Tobago and abroad to represent the country and its people. Prominently, the coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago is a Trinbagonian symbol, and is depicted on all its money.

text: Present symbols[edit]

text:
Symbol
Image
additional information

National Anthem
Forged from the Love of Liberty,
In the fires of Hope and Prayer, With boundless Faith in Our Destiny, We solemnly declare, Side by side we stand Islands of the blue Caribbean Sea, This Our Native Land, We pledge our lives to Thee, Here every creed and race find an equal place, And may God - Bless Our Nation, Here every creed and race find an equal place, And may God - Bless Our Nation.

The National Anthem was written to celebrate Trinidad and Tobago's independence from Great Britain on August 31, 1962. A nation-wide contest was held the winner of the contest was Patrick Stanisclaus Castagne.[1][2]

National Pledge
I solemnly pledge to dedicate my life to the service of God and to my country.
I will honour my parents, My teachers, my leaders and my elders, and those in authority I will be clean and honest in all my thoughts, my words and my deeds. I will strive, in everything I do to work together with my fellowmen Of every creed and race, for the greater happiness of all and the honour and glory of my country.

The Independence Pledge, written by Marjorie Padmore, was composed for school children and is usually recited at the opening and closing of school terms and on special occasions like Independence Day and Republic Day.[3][4]

National Flag
[]
The Black represents for us the dedication of the people joined together by one strong bond. It is the colour of strength, of unity of purpose, and of the wealth of the land. Red is the colour most expressive of our country; it represents the vitality of the land and its peoples; it is the warmth and energy of the sun, the courage and friendliness of the people. White is the sea by which these lands are bound; the cradle of our heritage; the purity of our aspirations and the equality of men and women under the sun. Thus, the colours chosen represent the elements of the Earth, Water and Fire which encompass all our past, present and future; and inspire us as one united, vital, free and dedicated people.The National Flag was designed by Trinidadian artist Carlisle Chang. [5][6]

National Flower
[]
The Chaconia, also known as the "Pride of Trinidad and Tobago" or "Wild Poinsettia" is an indigenous flower known by its long sprays of magnificent vermillion. Coincidentally, this flower blooms on every anniversary of our Independence Day (August 31, 1962). [7][8]

National Coat of Arms
[]
The Coat of Arms of Trinidad and Tobago was designed by a committee formed in 1962 to select the symbols that would be representative of the people of Trinidad and Tobago. The committee included noted artist Carlisle Chang and the late designer George Bailey. The shield has the same colours (black, red, and white) of the nation's flag and carry the same meaning. The gold ships represent the Santa Maria, Nina, and Pinta: the three ships Christopher Columbus used on his journey to the "New World." The two birds on the shield are hummingbirds. Trinidad is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Hummingbird" because more than sixteen different species of hummingbird have been recorded on the island. The two larger birds are the Scarlet Ibis (left) and the Cocrico (right), the national birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Below these birds is our nation's motto, "Together We Aspire, Together We Achieve."[9][10]

National Birds
The Scarlet Ibis and the Cocrico
The Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber), locally known as "flamingo," makes its home in the Caroni Bird Sanctuary in the Caroni Swamp--an area set aside by the government for the protection of these colourful birds. The Caroni Swamp includes fifteen thousand acres of marshland, tidal lagoons, and mangrove trees. Several thousand Scarlet Ibises nest and roost in the sanctuary and are often seen in large numbers during the last two hours of daylight. Larger numbers of Scarlet Ibises can be seen during the breeding season, from April to August. These birds feed mainly on crabs which they seek out on the mud flats exposed at low tide and on the stilt roots of the red mangrove. Boat tours of the Caroni Swamp are available throughout the year.
The Cocrico (Ortalis ruficauda), also known as the "Chachalaca," is a rufous-tailed, tropical pheasant indigenous to Tobago. They tend to inhabit the higher areas of the island amidst the forest and sometimes the dry scrubby lands bordering cultivated areas. Cocricos are known for sounding a loud, grating chorus at dawn and dusk. The sound is a raucous cocricó repeated several times, hence the name of the bird. The Scarlet Ibis and the Cocrico are only two of over 400 species of birds recorded in Trinidad and Tobago. [11][12]

National Instrument
[The steeldrum (pan) is the national musical instrument of Trinidad and Tobago developed in the late 1930's. The pan is the only original non-electronic musical instrument invented in the twentieth century.]
rior to the invention of pan, lengths of bamboo were used during street parades to beat out rhythms and these bands were known as 'Tamboo Bamboo Bands'. In the quest of a cleaner sound, old biscuit tins and caustic soda pans were first used to replace the bamboo. Spree Simon and Ellie Manette are considered the pan pioneers in developing this steeldrum to what it is today.[13][14]

National Motto
"Together We Aspire, Together We Achieve."
The national motto was established by the late first Prime Minister Dr Eric Williams, when Trinidad and Tobago achieved independence in 1962. [15][16]

National WatchWords
Discipline, Production, Tolerance.
The national Watchwords was established by the late first Prime Minister Dr Eric Williams, when Trinidad and Tobago achieved independence in 1962. [17][18]

text: Former List of symbols[edit]

text:
Symbol
Image
Started-ended

Royal anthem

"God Save the Queen"
31 August 1962 – 1 August 1976 (song dates to 1744)

Royal cypher

31 August 1962 – 1 August 1976 (dates to 1952)

Royal standard

Queen's Personal Trinidadian Flag
1966-1 August 1976