document_title: Decolonisation of Africa

question_text: which was the first african country to gain independence

root

text: Decolonisation of Africa

text: Background[edit]

text: Belgian   Italian   British   Portuguese   French   Spanish   German   Independent

tag: table

text: The "Scramble for Africa" between 1870 and 1900 ended with almost all of Africa being controlled by European states. Racing to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves, the partition of Africa was confirmed in the Berlin Agreement of 1885, with little regard to local differences.[6][7] By 1905, control of almost all African soil was claimed by Western European governments, with the only exceptions being Liberia (which had been settled by African-American former slaves) and Ethiopia (which had successfully resisted colonisation by Italy).[8] Britain and France had the largest holdings, but Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal also had colonies. As a result of colonialism and imperialism, a majority of Africa lost sovereignty and control of natural resources such as gold and rubber. The introduction of imperial policies surfacing around local economies led to the failing of local economies due to an exploitation of resources and cheap labor.[9] Progress towards independence was slow up until the mid-20th century. By 1977, 54 African countries had seceded from European colonial rulers.[10]

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text: Causes[edit]

text: External causes[edit]

text: During the world wars, African soldiers were conscripted into imperial militaries.[11] This led to a deeper political awareness and the expectation of greater respect and self-determination, which was left largely unfulfilled.[12] During the 1941 Atlantic Conference, the British and the US leaders met to discuss ideas for the post-war world. One of the provisions added by President Roosevelt was that all people had the right to self-determination, inspiring hope in British colonies.[10]

text: On February 12, 1941, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met to discuss the postwar world. The result was the Atlantic Charter.[13] It was not a treaty and was not submitted to the British Parliament or the Senate of the United States for ratification, but it turned to be a widely acclaimed document.[14] One of the provisions, introduced by Roosevelt, was the autonomy of imperial colonies. After World War II, the US and the African colonies put pressure on Britain to abide by the terms of the Atlantic Charter. After the war, some Britons considered African colonies to be childish and immature; British colonisers introduced democratic government at local levels in the colonies. Britain was forced to agree but Churchill rejected universal applicability of self-determination for subject nations. He also stated that the Charter was only applicable to German occupied states, not to the British Empire.[10]

text: Furthermore, colonies such as Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana pushed for self-governance as colonial powers were exhausted by war efforts.[15]

text: Internal causes[edit]

text: For early African nationalists, decolonization was a moral imperative. In 1945 the Fifth Pan-African Congress demanded the end of colonialism. Delegates included future presidents of Ghana, Kenya, Malawi and national activists.[16]

text: Colonial economic exploitation led to European extraction of Ghana’s mining profits to shareholders, instead of internal development, causing major local socioeconomic grievances.[17] Nevertheless, local African industry and towns expanded when U-boats patrolling the Atlantic Ocean reduced raw material transportation to Europe.[10] In turn, urban communities, industries and trade unions grew, improving literacy and education, leading to pro-independence newspaper establishments.[10]

text: Indeed, in the 1930s, the colonial powers had cultivated, sometimes inadvertently, a small elite of leaders educated in Western universities and familiar with ideas such as self-determination. In some cases where the road to independence was fought, settled arrangements with the colonial powers were also being placed.[9] These leaders came to lead the struggles for independence, and included leading nationalists such as Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya), Kwame Nkrumah (Gold Coast, now Ghana), Julius Nyerere (Tanganyika, now Tanzania), Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal), Nnamdi Azikiwe (Nigeria), and Félix Houphouët-Boigny (Côte d'Ivoire).[citation needed]

text: Economic legacy[edit]

text: The economic legacy of colonialism is difficult to quantify but is likely to have been negative. Modernisation theory emphasises that colonial powers built infrastructure to integrate Africa into the world economy, however, this was built mainly for extraction purposes. African economies were structured to benefit the coloniser and any surplus was likely to be ‘drained’, thereby stifling capital accumulation.[18] Dependency theory suggests that most African economies continued to occupy a subordinate position in the world economy after independence with a reliance on primary commodities such as copper in Zambia and tea in Kenya.[19] Despite this continued reliance and unfair trading terms, a meta-analysis of 18 African countries found that a third of countries experienced increased economic growth post-independence.[18]

text: Effects of debt[edit]

text: The debts of African economies are external and one-sided. While the USA and the UK have gross external debts of 95% and 400% respectively, these debts are balanced by the countries being major lenders.[20] This is not the case for African nations which do not own as many assets or debts to balance the burden. The debt situation in sub-Saharan Africa means that the world’s poorest countries were transferring $3 billion US dollars to developed countries between 1995 and 2000.[21] This is exacerbated by interest and principal arrears which made up over 27% of total external debt for sub-Saharan nations in 1998.[21] This causes two main problems: firstly, servicing the debt means less money is available for importing goods, secondly debt creates uncertainty and risk which puts off investors and reduces business confidence.[22]

text: Social legacy[edit]

text: Language[edit]

text: Over 2,000 distinct languages are spoken in the continent. Along with Africa’s indigenous dialects - Afro-Asiatic, Kordofanian and Khoisan languages, many colonial languages are spoken today. For example, English is spoken in Ghana, Gambia and Kenya, French in Benin, Burkina-Faso and Cameroon, and Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau, Angola, São Tomé and Príncipe.[23] Scholars including Dellal (2013), Miraftab (2012) and Bamgbose (2011) have argued that Africa’s linguistic diversity has been eroded. Language has been used by western colonial powers to divide territories and create new identities which has led to conflicts and tensions between African nations.[24]

text: Land[edit]

text: Today, 93% of South Africa's land is still owned by ‘descendants of white settlers’ despite the political negotiation of the Native Land Act in 1913.[25][dubious  – discuss] King (1990) argued that ‘space’ is a mode of segregations, creating forms of inclusions and exclusions. Evidence is represented through different architecture designs, and distinct segregation of spaces (Zonification) in cities are still a feature in the colonial present. For example, the new development of the business improvement district in Cape Town portrays a similar image of the colonial era with embedded struggles in class, race, ethnicity and hierarchical differences.[26] Decolonization marks one of the historical moments in which African countries increased its autonomous status from the impetus Western colonial powers. Echoes of the colonial past are still visible in the African society today because Ferguson (2006) stated there are still widespread social stigmas associated with the continent such as phrases of ‘darkness’ and ‘troubled’. The representation of Africa, therefore, reveals the continual Western legacies of the colonial past and the struggles embedded in the countries.

text: Transition to independence[edit]

text: Following World War II, rapid decolonization swept across the continent of Africa as many territories gained their independence from European colonization.

text: In August 1941, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met to discuss their post-war goals. In that meeting, they agreed to the Atlantic Charter, which in part stipulated that they would, "respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them."[27] This agreement became the post-WWII stepping stone toward independence as nationalism grew throughout Africa.[citation needed]

text: Consumed with post-war debt, European powers were no longer able to afford the resources needed to maintain control of their African colonies. This allowed for African nationalists to negotiate decolonization very quickly and with minimal casualties. Some territories, however, saw great death tolls as a result of their fight for independence.[citation needed]

text: Ghana independence[edit]

text: On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.[citation needed]

text: Starting as early as the 1945 Pan-African Congress, Gold Coast’s American-educated, independence leader Kwame Nkrumah made his focus clear.  In the conference’s declaration, he wrote, “we believe in the rights of all peoples to govern themselves. We affirm the right of all colonial peoples to control their own destiny. All colonies must be free from foreign imperialist control, whether political or economic.”[28]

text: Four years later in 1949, the conflict would ramp up when British troops opened fire on African protesters.  Riots broke out across the territory and while Nkrumah and other leaders ended up in prison, the event became a catalyst for the independence movement.  After being released from prison, Nkrumah founded the, Convention People’s Party (CPP), which launched a mass-based campaign for independence with the slogan ‘Self Government Now!’”[29] Heightened nationalism within the country grew their power and the political party widely expanded.  In February of 1951, the Convention People's Party gained political power by winning 34 of 38 elected seats, including one for Nkrumah who was imprisoned at the time.[30]  While the movement started with violence, it would end with political cooperation.[citation needed]

text: Algerian War for Independence[edit]

text: In Algeria, anti-colonialism sentiment grew following World War II until it reached a boiling point. Unlike many territories that gained their independence through a smooth transition, France believed the African colony was important and never met their promise of self-governance in Algeria.  As a result the Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN) began a guerrilla-style attack to win their freedom.[31] Lasting more than eight years, the estimated death toll typically falls between 300,000 and 400,000 people.[32] By 1958, the FLN was able to negotiate peace accord with French President Charles de Gaulle and nearly 90% of all Europeans had left the territory.

text: Timeline[edit]

text: This table is the arranged by the earliest date of independence in this graph; 58 countries have seceded.

text:
Country[a]

Colonial name

Colonial power[b]

Independence date[c]

First head of state[d]

Independence won through

 Liberia

 Liberia

 United States

26 July 1847[e]

Joseph Jenkins Roberts[f]

Liberian Declaration of Independence

 South Africa[g]

 Cape Colony   Colony of Natal   Orange River Colony   Transvaal Colony

 United Kingdom

31 May 1910[h]

Louis Botha

South Africa Act 1909

 Egypt[i]

 Sultanate of Egypt

28 February 1922[j]

Fuad I[k]

Egyptian revolution of 1919

 Eritrea

 Italian Eritrea

 Italy[l]

10 February 1947[m]

Haile Selassie[n]

-

 Libya[o]

 British Military Administration[p] Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames

 United Kingdom France

24 December 1951

Idris

-

 Sudan

 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

 United Kingdom[q] Republic of Egypt

1 January 1956

Ismail al-Azhari

-

 Tunisia[r]

 French Protectorate of Tunisia

 France

20 March 1956

Muhammad VIII al-AminHabib Bourguiba

-[s]

 Morocco

 French Protectorate in Morocco Tangier International Zone Spanish Protectorate in Morocco Spanish West AfricaIfni

 France Spain

2 March 1956[t]7 April 195610 April 19584 January 1969

Mohammed V

Ifni War

 Ghana[u]

 Gold Coast

 United Kingdom

6 March 1957[v]

Kwame Nkrumah[w]

Gold Coast legislative election, 1956

 Guinea

 French West Africa

 France

2 October 1958

Sékou Touré

Guinean constitutional referendum, 1958

 Cameroon

French Cameroons

 France

1 January 1960[x]

Ahmadou Ahidjo

-[y]

 Togo

 French Togoland

 France

27 April 1960

Sylvanus Olympio

-

 Mali

 French West Africa

20 June 1960[z]

Modibo Keita

-

 Senegal

Léopold Senghor

-

 Madagascar[aa]

 French Madagascar

26 June 1960

Philibert Tsiranana

-[ab]

 Democratic Republic of the Congo[ac]

 Belgian Congo

 Belgium

30 June 1960

Patrice Lumumba[ad]

Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference[ae]

 Somalia[af]

 British Somaliland Trust Territory of Somaliland

 United Kingdom Italy

26 June 19601 July 1960[ag]

Aden Abdullah Osman Daar

-

 Benin[ah]

 French West Africa

 France

1 August 1960

Hubert Maga

-

 Niger

3 August 1960

Hamani Diori

-

 Burkina Faso[ai]

5 August 1960

Maurice Yaméogo

-

 Ivory Coast

7 August 1960

Félix Houphouët-Boigny

-

 Chad

 French Equatorial Africa

11 August 1960

François Tombalbaye

-

 Central African Republic

13 August 1960

David Dacko

-

 Republic of the Congo

15 August 1960

Fulbert Youlou

-

 Gabon

17 August 1960

Léon M'ba

-

 Nigeria

 Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria British Cameroons

 United Kingdom

1 October 19601 June 19611 October 1961[aj]

Nnamdi Azikiwe

-

 Mauritania

 French West Africa

 France

28 November 1960

Moktar Ould Daddah

-

 Sierra Leone

 Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone

 United Kingdom

27 April 1961

Milton Margai

-

 Tanganyika[ak]

 Tanganyika Territory

9 December 1961

Julius Nyerere

-

 Burundi[al]

 Ruanda-Urundi

 Belgium

1 July 1962

Mwambutsa IV of Burundi

-

 Rwanda

Grégoire Kayibanda

Rwandan Revolution

 Algeria

 French Algeria

 France

5 July 1962

Ahmed Ben Bella[am]

Algerian War

 Uganda

 Protectorate of Uganda

 United Kingdom

9 October 1962

Milton Obote

-

 Kenya

 Colony and Protectorate of Kenya

12 December 1963[an]

Jomo Kenyatta[w]

-[ao]

 Sultanate of Zanzibar[ak]

 Sultanate of Zanzibar

10 December 1963

Jamshid bin Abdullah

-[ap]

 Malawi

 Nyasaland

6 July 1964[aq]

Hastings Banda[w]

-

 Zambia

 Northern Rhodesia

24 October 1964

Kenneth Kaunda

-

 The Gambia

 Gambia Colony and Protectorate

18 February 1965[ar]

Dawda Jawara[w]

-

 Rhodesia Zimbabwe

 Southern Rhodesia

11 November 196517 April 1980[as]

Ian SmithRobert Mugabe

Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of IndependenceLancaster House Agreement

 Botswana

 Bechuanaland Protectorate

30 September 1966[at]

Seretse Khama

-

 Lesotho

 Territory of Basutoland

4 October 1966

Leabua Jonathan[au]

-

 Mauritius

 Mauritius

12 March 1968

Veerasamy Ringadoo

-

 Swaziland

Swaziland

6 September 1968

Sobhuza II

-

 Equatorial Guinea

 Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea

 Spain

12 October 1968

Francisco Macías Nguema

-

 Guinea-Bissau

 Overseas Province of Guinea

 Portugal

10 September 1974[av]

Luís Cabral

Guinea-Bissau War of Independence

 Mozambique[aw]

 State of Mozambique

25 June 1975

Samora Machel

Mozambican War of Independence

 Cape Verde

 Overseas Province of Cape Verde

5 July 1975

Aristides Pereira[ax]

Guinea-Bissau War of Independence[ay]

 Comoros

 French Comoros

 France

6 July 1975

Ahmed Abdallah

Comorian independence referendum, 1974

 São Tomé and Príncipe

 Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe

 Portugal

12 July 1975

Manuel Pinto da Costa

-

 Angola[az]

 State of Angola

11 November 1975

Agostinho Neto

Angolan War of Independence

 Seychelles

 Seychelles

 United Kingdom

29 June 1976

James Richard Marie Mancham

-

 Djibouti

 French Territory of the Afars and the Issas

 France

27 June 1977

Hassan Gouled Aptidon

Afars and Issas independence referendum, 1977

 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[ba]

 Spanish SaharaSouthern Provinces

 Spain Morocco

27 February 1976independence not yet effectuated

El-Ouali Mustapha SayedMohamed Abdelaziz

Western Sahara WarWestern Sahara conflict

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Explanatory notes are added in cases where decolonization was achieved jointly by multiple countries or where the current country is formed by the merger of previously decolonized countries. Although Ethiopia was administered as a colony in the aftermath of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and was recognized by the international community as such at the time, it is not listed here as its brief period under Italian rule (which lasted for a little more than five years and ended with the return of the previous native government) is now usually seen as a military occupation.

Jump up ^ Some territories changed hands multiple times, so in the list is mentioned the last colonial power. In addition, the mandatory or trustee powers are mentioned for territories that were League of Nations mandates and UN Trust Territories.

Jump up ^ The dates of decolonization for territories annexed by or integrated into previously decolonized independent countries are given in separate notes, as are dates when a commonwealth realm abolished its monarchy. Any discrepancies between dates listed here and public holidays celebrating the country's independence (and whether the date listed is celebrated as a holiday at all) are noted, as well as the national day if the country does not have an independence day.

Jump up ^ For countries that became independent either as a Commonwealth realm, a monarchy with a strong Prime Minister, or a parliamentary republic the head of government is listed instead.

Jump up ^ Liberia would later annexed the Republic of Maryland, another settler colony made up of former African-American slaves, in 1857. Liberia would not be recognized by the United States until 5 February 1862.

Jump up ^ Stephen Allen Benson was President on the date of the United States' recognition.

Jump up ^ As Union of South Africa.

Jump up ^ The Union of South Africa was constituted through the South Africa Act entering into force on 31 May 1910. On 11 December 1931 it got increased self-governance powers through the Statute of Westminster which was followed by transformation into republic after the 1960 referendum. Afterwards, South Africa was under apartheid until elections resulting from the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa on 27 April 1994 when Nelson Mandela became president.

Jump up ^ As the Kingdom of Egypt. Transcontinental country, partially located in Asia.

Jump up ^ Not celebrated as a holiday. On 28 February 1922 the British government issued the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence. Through this declaration, the British government unilaterally ended its protectorate over Egypt and granted it nominal independence with the exception of four "reserved" areas: foreign relations, communications, the military and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.[33] The Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 reduced British involvement, but still was not welcomed by Egyptian nationalists, who wanted full independence from Britain, which was not achieved until 23 July 1952. The last British troops left Egypt after the Suez Crisis of 1956. For this, the 23 July date, celebrated as Revolution Day, serves as Egypt's national day.

Jump up ^ Although the leaders of the 1952 revolution (Mohammed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser) became the de facto leaders of Egypt, neither would assume office until September 17 of that year when Naguib became Prime Minister, succeeding Aly Maher Pasha who was sworn in on the day of the revolution. Nasser would succeeded Naguib as Prime Minister on 25 February 1954.

Jump up ^ From 1 April 1941 to its eventual transfer to Ethiopia, Italian Eritrea was occupied by the  United Kingdom.

Jump up ^ Date marking the de jure end of Italian rule. Not celebrated as a holiday.  The transfer of Eritrea to the Ethiopian Empire occurred on 15 September 1952. On 24 May 1993 after decades of fighting starting from 1 September 1961, Eritrea formally seceded from Ethiopia. The 24 May date is celebrated as Eritrea's date of independence.

Jump up ^ Emperor of Ethiopia on the date of the transfer. Isaias Afwerki became President of Eritrea upon independence.

Jump up ^ As the United Kingdom of Libya.

Jump up ^ Part of the British Military Administration originally gained independence as the Cyrenaica Emirate; it was only recognized by the United Kingdom. The Cyrenaica Emirate also merged to form the United Kingdom of Libya.

Jump up ^ Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement of 1899, stated that Sudan should be jointly governed by Egypt and Britain, but with real power remaining in British hands.[34]

Jump up ^ As the Kingdom of Tunisia.

Jump up ^ See Tunisian independence.

Jump up ^ Cape Juby was ceded by Spain to Morocco on 2 April 1958. Ifni was returned from Spain to Morocco on 4 January 1969.

Jump up ^ As the Dominion of Ghana.

Jump up ^ The British Togoland mandate and trust territory was integrated into Gold Coast colony on 13 December 1956. On 1 July 1960 Ghana formally abolished its Commonwealth monarchy and became a republic.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Originally as Prime Minister; became President upon the monarchy's abolition.

Jump up ^ After the French Cameroun mandate and trust territory gained independence it was joined by part of the British Cameroons mandate and trust territory on 1 October 1961. The other part of British Cameroons joined Nigeria.

Jump up ^ Minor armed insurgency from Union of the Peoples of Cameroon.

Jump up ^ Senegal and French Sudan gained independence on 20 June 1960 as the Mali Federation, which dissolved a few months later into present day Senegal and Mali.

Jump up ^ As the Malagasy Republic.

Jump up ^ The Malagasy Uprising was an earlier armed uprising that failed to gain independence from France.

Jump up ^ As the Republic of the Congo.

Jump up ^ Joseph Kasa-Vubu became President upon independence.

Jump up ^ The Congo Crisis occurred after independence.

Jump up ^ As the Somali Republic.

Jump up ^ The Trust Territory of Somalia (former Italian Somaliland) united with the State of Somaliland (former British Somaliland) on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic (Somalia).

Jump up ^ As the Republic of Dahomey.

Jump up ^ As Upper Volta.

Jump up ^ Part of the British Cameroons mandate and trust territory on 1 October 1961 joined Nigeria. The other part of British Cameroons joined the previously decolonized French Cameroun mandate and territory.

^ Jump up to: a b After both gained independence Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged on 26 April 1964 as Tanzania.

Jump up ^ As the Kingdom of Burundi.

Jump up ^ Assumed office on September 27, 1962 as Prime Minister. From the date of independence to Ben Bella's inauguration, Abderrahmane Farès served as President of the Provisional Executive Council.

Jump up ^ Abolished its commonwealth monarchy exactly one year later; Jamhuri Day ("Republic Day") is a celebration of both dates.

Jump up ^ The Mau Mau Uprising was an earlier armed uprising that failed to gain independence from the United Kingdom.

Jump up ^ The Sultanate of Zanzibar would later be overthrown within a month of sovereignty by the Zanzibar Revolution.

Jump up ^ Abolished its commonwealth monarchy exactly two years later.

Jump up ^ Abolished its commonwealth monarchy on 24 April 1970.

Jump up ^ Due the Rhodesia's unwillingness to accommodate the British government's request for black majority rule, the United Kingdom (along with the rest of the international community) refused to recognize the white-minority led government. The former self-governing colony would not be recognized as an independent state until the aftermath of the Rhodesian Bush War, under the name Zimbabwe.

Jump up ^ Botswana Day Holiday is the second day of the two-day celebration of Botswana's independence. The first day is also referred to as Botswana Day.

Jump up ^ Moshoeshoe II became King upon independence.

Jump up ^ Not celebrated as a holiday. The date 24 September 1973 (when the PAIGC formally declared Guinea's independence) is celebrated as Guinea-Bissau's date of independence.

Jump up ^ As the People's Republic of Mozambique

Jump up ^ Pedro Pires was sworn in as Prime Minister three days after independence.

Jump up ^ Although the fight for Cape Verdean independence was linked to the liberation movement occurring in Guinea-Bissau, the island country itself saw little fighting.

Jump up ^ As the People's Republic of Angola

Jump up ^ The Spanish colonial rule de facto terminated over the Western Sahara (then Spanish Sahara), when the territory was passed on to and partitioned between Mauritania and Morocco (which annexed the entire territory in 1979). The decolonization of Western Sahara is still pending, while a declaration of independence has been proclaimed by the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic, which controls only a small portion east of the Moroccan Wall. The UN still considers Spain the legal administrating country of the whole territory,[35] awaiting the outcome of the ongoing Manhasset negotiations and resulting election to be overseen by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. However, the de facto administrator is Morocco (see United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories).

tag: ol


document_title: Education in France

question_text: when do french elementary students go to school

text: Education in France

text: History[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: While the French trace the development of their educational system to Napoleon, the modern era of French education begins at the end of the nineteenth century. Jules Ferry, a Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern school (l'école républicaine) by requiring all children between the ages of 6 and 12, both boys and girls, to attend. He also made public instruction mandatory, free of charge, and secular (laïque). With these laws, known as French Lubbers, Jules Ferry laws, and several others, the Third Republic repealed most of the Falloux Laws of 1850–1851, which gave an important role to the clergy.

text: Governance[edit]

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2016)

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: All educational programmes in France are regulated by the Ministry of National Education (officially called Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de la Jeunesse et de la Vie associative). The head of the ministry is the Minister of National Education.

text: The teachers in public primary and secondary schools are all state civil servants, making the ministère the largest employer in the country. Professors and researchers in France's universities are also employed by the state.

text:
Zone

Académies/Cites

A

Besançon, Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Dijon, Grenoble, Limoges, Lyon, Poitiers

B

Aix-Marseille, Amiens, Caen, Lille, Nancy-Metz, Nantes, Nice, Orléans-Tours, Reims, Rennes, Rouen, Strasbourg

C

Créteil, Montpellier, Paris, Toulouse, Versailles

text: At the primary and secondary levels, the curriculum is the same for all French students in any given grade, which includes public, semi-public and subsidised institutions. However, there exist specialised sections and a variety of options that students can choose. The reference for all French educators is the Bulletin officiel de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (B.O.) which lists all current programmes and teaching directives. It is amended many times every year.[1]

text: School year[edit]

text: In Metropolitan France, the school year runs from early September to early July. The school calendar is standardised throughout the country and is the sole domain of the ministry.

text: In May, schools need time to organise exams (for example, the baccalauréat). Outside Metropolitan France, the school calendar is set by the local recteur.

text: Major holiday breaks are as follows:

text:
All Saints (la Toussaint), two weeks (since 2012) around the end of October and the beginning of November;
Christmas (Noël), two weeks around Christmas Day and New Year's Day;
winter (hiver), two weeks starting in mid February;
spring (printemps) or Easter (Pâques), two weeks starting in mid April;
summer (été), two months starting in early July. (mid-June for high school students).

tag: ul

text: Primary school[edit]

text: Schooling in France is mandatory from age 6. Most parents start sending their children at age 3, at kindergarten classes (maternelle), which are usually affiliated to a borough's primary school. Some even start earlier at age 2 in pré-maternelle or très petite section classes, which are essentially daycare centres. The last year of kindergarten, grande section ("big form") is an important step in the educational process, as it is the year in which pupils are introduced to reading.

text: After kindergarten, the young students move on to the école élémentaire (literally the "elementary school"). It is in the first year that they will learn to write and develop their reading skills. Much akin to other educational systems, French primary school students usually have a single teacher (or perhaps two) who teaches the complete curriculum, such as French, mathematics, science and humanities to name a few. Note that the French word for a teacher at the primary school level is maître, or its feminine form maîtresse (previously called instituteur, or its feminine form institutrice).

text: Children stay in elementary school for 5 years until they are 10–11 years-old. The classes are named : CP (cours préparatoire), CE1 (cours élémentaire 1), CE2 (cours élémentaire 2), CM1 (cours moyen 1) and CM2 (cours moyen 2). [2]

text: Middle school and high school[edit]

text: After primary school, two educational stages follow:

text:
collèges (middle school), which cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15.
lycées (high school), which provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between the ages of 15 and 18. Pupils are prepared for the baccalauréat (baccalaureate, colloquially known as le bac). The baccalauréat can lead to higher education studies or directly to professional life.

text: International education[edit]

text: As of January 2015, the International Schools Consultancy (ISC)[3] listed France as having 105 international schools.[4] ISC defines an 'international school' in the following terms "ISC includes an international school if the school delivers a curriculum to any combination of pre-school, primary or secondary students, wholly or partly in English outside an English-speaking country, or if a school in a country where English is one of the official languages, offers an English-medium curriculum other than the country’s national curriculum and is international in its orientation."[4] This definition is used by publications including The Economist.[5]

text: France has its own international school regulator, the AEFE (Association de l'éducation Francaise a l'étranger).

text: Higher education[edit]

text: Higher education in France is organized in three levels, which correspond to those of other European countries, facilitating international mobility: the Licence and Licence Professionnelle (bachelor's degrees), and the Master's and Doctorat degrees.[citation needed] The Licence and the Master are organized in semesters: 6 for the Licence and 4 for the Master.[6][7] These levels of study include various "parcours" or paths based on UE (Unités d’Enseignement or Modules), each worth a defined number of European credits (ECTS); a student accumulates these credits, which are generally transferable between paths.[citation needed] A Licence is awarded once 180 ECTS have been obtained; a Master is awarded once 120 additional credits have been obtained.[6][7]

text: Licence and master's degrees are offered within specific domaines and carry a specific mention. Spécialités which are either research-oriented or professionally oriented during the second year of the Master. There are also Professional Licences whose objective is immediate job integration. It is possible to later return to school through continuing education or to validate professional experience (through VAE, Validation des Acquis de l’Expérience[8]).

text: Higher education in France is divided between grandes écoles and public universities. The grandes écoles admit the graduates of the level Baccalauréat + 2 years of validated study (or sometimes directly after the Baccalauréat) whereas universities admit all graduates of the Baccalauréat.

text: A striking trait of French higher education, compared with other countries, is the small size and multiplicity of establishments, each specialised in a more-or-less broad spectrum of areas. A middle-sized French city, such as Grenoble or Nancy, may have 2 or 3 universities (focused on science or sociological studies) and also a number of engineering and other establishments specialised higher education. In Paris and its suburbs there are 13 universities, none of which is specialised in one area or another, and a large number of smaller institutions that are highly specialised.

text: It is not uncommon for graduate teaching programmes (master's degrees, the course part of PhD programmes etc.) to be operated in common by several institutions, allowing the institutions to present a larger variety of courses.

text: In engineering schools and the professional degrees of universities, a large share of the teaching staff is often made up of non-permanent professors; instead, part-time professors are hired to teach one only specific subject. The part-time professors are generally hired from neighbouring universities, research institutes or industries.

text: Another original feature of the French higher education system is that a large share of the scientific research is carried out by research establishments such as CNRS or INSERM, which are not formally part of the universities. However, in most cases, the research units of those establishments are located inside universities (or other higher education establishments) and jointly operated by the research establishment and the university.

text: Tuition costs[edit]

text: Since higher education is funded by the state, the fees are very low; the tuition varies from €150 to €700 depending on the university and the different levels of education. (licence, master, doctorate). One can therefore get a master's degree (in 5 years) for about €750-3,500. Additionally, students from low-income families can apply for scholarships, paying nominal sums for tuition or textbooks, and can receive a monthly stipend of up to €450 per month.

text: The tuition in public engineering schools is comparable to universities, albeit a little higher (around €700). However it can reach €7000 a year for private engineering schools, and some business schools, which are all private or partially private, charge up to €15000 a year.

text: Health insurance for students is free until the age of 20 so only the costs of living and books have to be added. After the age of 20, the health insurance for students costs €200 a year and cover most of the medical expenses.

text: Some public schools have other ways of gaining money. Some do not receive sufficient funds from the government for class trips and other extra activities and so these schools may ask for a small (optional) entrance fee for new students.

text: Universities in France[edit]

text: The public universities in France are named after the major cities near which they are located, followed by a numeral if there are several. Paris, for example, has thirteen universities, labelled Paris I to XIII. Some of these are not in Paris itself, but in the suburbs. In addition, most of the universities have taken a more informal name which is usually that of a famous person or a particular place. Sometimes, it is also a way to honor a famous alumnus, for example the science university in Strasbourg is known as "Université Louis Pasteur" while its official name is "Université Strasbourg I" (however, since 2009, the three universities of Strasbourg have been merged).

text: The French system has undergone a reform, the Bologna process, which aims at creating European standards for university studies, most notably a similar time-frame everywhere, with three years devoted to the bachelor's degree ("licence" in French), two for the Master's, and three for the doctorate. French universities have also adopted the ECTS credit system (for example, a licence is worth 180 credits). However the traditional curriculum based on end of semester examinations still remains in place in most universities. This double standard has added complexity to a system which also remains quite rigid. It is difficult to change a major during undergraduate studies without losing a semester or even a whole year. Students usually also have few course selection options once they enroll in a particular diploma.

text: France also hosts various branch colleges of foreign universities. These include Baruch College, the University of London Institute in Paris, Parsons Paris School of Art and Design and the American University of Paris.

text: Grandes écoles[edit]

text: The grandes écoles of France are elite higher-education establishments. They are generally focused on a single subject area (e.g., engineering or business), have a small size (typically between 100 and 300 graduates per year), and are highly selective. They are widely regarded as prestigious,[9][10] and most of France's scientists and executives have graduated from a grande école.

text: National rankings are published every year by various magazines.[11][12][13][14] While these rankings slightly vary from year to year, the top grandes écoles have been very stable for decades:

text:
science and engineering: Écoles Normales Supérieures, Ecole Polytechnique, Mines ParisTech, ISAE-Supaéro and CentraleSupélec;
humanities: three Écoles Normales Supérieures and Ecole des Chartes;
business: HEC Paris, ESSEC Business School, ESCP Europe, EMLyon, Audencia and EDHEC;[15]
administration and political sciences: ENA and Sciences Po.

text: Preparatory classes (CPGEs)[edit]

text: The Preparatory classes (in French "classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles" or CPGE), widely known as prépas, is a prep course with the main goal of training students for enrollment in a grande école. Admission to CPGEs is based on performance during the last two years of high school, called Première and Terminale. Only 5% of a generation is admitted to a prépa. CPGEs are usually located within high schools but pertain to tertiary education, which means that each student must have successfully passed their Baccalauréat (or equivalent) to be admitted in a CPGE. Each CPGE receives applications from hundreds of applicants worldwide[citation needed] every year in April and May, and selects students based on its own criteria. A few CPGEs, mainly the private ones (which account for 10% of CPGEs), also have an interview process or look at a student's involvement in the community.

text: The ratio of CPGE students who fail to enter any grande école is lower in scientific and business CPGEs than in humanities CPGEs.

text: Scientific CPGEs[edit]

text: The oldest CPGEs are the scientific ones, which can only be accessed by scientific Bacheliers. Scientific CPGE are called TSI ("Technology and Engineering Science"), MPSI ("Mathematics, Physics and Engineering Science"), PCSI ("Physics, Chemistry, and Engineering Science") or PTSI ("Physics, Technology, and Engineering Science") in the first year, MP ("Mathematics and Physics"), PSI ("Physics and Engineering Science"), PC ("Physics and Chemistry") or PT ("Physics and Technology") in the second year and BCPST ("Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Life and Earth Sciences").

text: First year CPGE students are called the "Math Sup"—or Hypotaupe—(Sup for "Classe de Mathématiques Supérieures", superior in French, meaning post-high school), and second years "Math Spé"—or Taupe—(Spés standing for "Classe de Mathématiques Spéciales", special in French). The students of these classes are called Taupins. Both the first and second year programmes include as much as sixteen hours of mathematics teaching per week, ten hours of physics, two hours of philosophy, two to four hours of (one or two) foreign languages teaching and two to three hours of minor options: either SI, Engineering Industrial Science or Theoretical Computer Science (including some programming using the Pascal or CaML programming languages, as a practical work). With this is added several hours of homework, which can rise as much as the official hours of class. A known joke among those students is that they are becoming moles for two years, sometimes three. This is actually the origin of the nicknames taupe and taupin (taupe being the French word for a mole).

text: Business CPGEs[edit]

text: There are also CPGE which are focused on economics (who prepare the admission in business schools). These are known as "Prépa EC" (short for Economiques et Commerciales) and are divided into two parts ("prépa EC spe mathematics", generally for those who graduated the scientific baccalaureat and "prépa EC spe éco", for those who were in the economics section in high school).

text: Humanities CPGEs (Hypokhâgne and Khâgne)[edit]

text: The literary and humanities CPGEs have also their own nicknames, Hypokhâgne for the first year and Khâgne for the second year. The students are called the khâgneux. These classes prepare for schools such as the three Écoles Normales Supérieures, the Ecole des Chartes, and sometimes Sciences Po.

text: There are two kinds of Khâgnes. The Khâgne de Lettres is the most common, and focuses on philosophy, French literature, history and languages. The Khâgne de Lettres et Sciences Sociales (Literature and Social Sciences), otherwise called Khâgne B/L, also includes mathematics and socio-economic sciences in addition to those literary subjects.

text: The students of Hypokhâgne and Khâgne (the humanities CPGE) are simultaneously enrolled in universities, and can go back to university in case of failure or if they feel unable to pass the highly competitive entrance examinations for the Écoles Normales Supérieures.

text: Colles[edit]

text: The amount of work required of the students is exceptionally high. In addition to class time and homework, students spend several hours each week completing exams called colles (sometimes written 'khôlles' to look like a Greek word, this way of writing being initially a khâgneux's joke[clarification needed]). The colles are unique to French academic education in CPGEs.

text: In scientific and business CPGEs, colles consist of oral examinations twice a week, in French, foreign languages (usually English, German, or Spanish), maths, physics, philosophy, or geopolitics — depending on the type of CPGE. Students, usually in groups of three or four, spend an hour facing a professor alone in a room, answering questions and solving problems.

text: In humanities CPGEs, colles are usually taken every quarter in every subject. Students have one hour to prepare a short presentation that takes the form of a French-style dissertation (a methodologically codified essay, typically structured in 3 parts: thesis, counter-thesis, and synthesis) in history, philosophy, etc. on a given topic, or the form of a commentaire composé (a methodologically codified commentary) in literature and foreign languages. In Ancient Greek or Latin, they involve a translation and a commentary. The student then has 20 minutes to present his/her work to the teacher, who finally asks some questions on the presentation and on the corresponding topic.

text: Colles are regarded as very stressful, particularly due to the high standards expected by the teachers, and the subsequent harshness that may be directed at students who do not perform adequately. But they are important insofar as they prepare the students, from the very first year, for the oral part of the highly competitive examinations, which are reserved for the happy few who successfully pass the written part.

text: Recruitment of teachers[edit]

text: Decades ago[when?], primary school teachers were educated in Ecoles Normales and secondary teachers recruited through the "Agrégation" examination. The situation has been diversified by the introduction in the 1950s of the CAPES examination for secondary teachers and in the 1990s by the institution of "Instituts Universitaires de Formation des Maîtres" (IUFM), which have recently been renamed Écoles Supérieures du Professorat et de l’Éducation (ESPE). University teachers are recruited by special commissions, and are divided between:

text:
"teachers-researchers" (enseignants-chercheurs), with at least a doctorate: they teach classes and conduct research in their field of expertise with a full tenure. They are either Maître de Conférences (Senior lecturers), or Professeurs (Professors). Only a Professor can be the director of studies for a PhD student. The net pay is from 2300 to 8800 (with extra duties) euros per month. Net salaries of over 4000 euros per month (2011 level) are however very unusual, and limited to the small minority of teacher-researchers who have held the grade of first class full professor for at least seven years, which is rare. The maximum possible net salary for second-class full professors and chief senior lecturers (maître de conférence hors classe)—the end of career status for most full-time teacher-researchers in French universities—is 3760 Euros a month (2011)—and only a minority of this group ever reach this level.
Secondary school teachers who have been permanently assigned away from their original school position to teach in a university. They are not required to conduct any research but teach twice as many hours as the "teachers-researchers". They are called PRAG (professeurs agrégés) and PRCE (professeurs certifiés). Their weekly service is 15 or 18 hours. The net pay is from 1400 to 3900 euros per month.
CPGE teachers are usually "agrégés" or "chaire sup", assigned by the Inspection Général according to their qualifications and competitive exam rank as well as other factors. Their weekly service is about 9 hours a week, 25 or 33 weeks a year. Net pay : from 2000 to 7500 euro (extra hours)
Primary school and kindergarten teachers (Professeurs des écoles), educated in "Instituts Universitaires de Formation des Maîtres" (IUFM), have usually a "master" (Bac+5). Their weekly service is about 28 hours a week.

text: Religion[edit]

text: Religious instruction is not given by public schools (except for 6- to 18-year-old students in Alsace-Moselle under the Concordat of 1801). Laïcité (secularism) is one of the main precepts of the French republic.

text: In a March 2004 ruling, the French government banned all "conspicuous religious symbols" from schools and other public institutions with the intent of preventing proselytisation and to foster a sense of tolerance among ethnic groups. Some religious groups showed their opposition, saying the law hindered the freedom of religion as protected by the French constitution.

text: Statistics[edit]

text: The French Republic has 67 million inhabitants, living in the 13 regions of metropolitan France and four overseas departments (2.7 million). Despite the fact that the population is growing (up 0.4% a year), the proportion of young people under 25 is falling. There are now[when?] fewer than 19 million young people in metropolitan France, or 32% of the total population, compared with 40% in the 1970s and 35% at the time of the 190 census. France is seeing a slow aging of the population—less marked however than in other neighbouring countries (such as Germany and Italy), especially as the annual number of births is currently increasing slightly.

text: Eighteen million pupils and students, i.e. a quarter of the population, are in the education system. Of these, over 2.4 million are in higher education.[16] The French Education Minister reported in 2000 that 39 out of 75,000 state schools were "seriously violent" and 300 were "somewhat violent".[17]


document_title: List of NFL franchise post-season droughts

question_text: when was the last time the lions made it to the playoffs

text: Active team droughts[edit]

text: Post-season droughts[edit]

text: Updated through the end of the 2017 NFL season.

text:
0^0

Longest drought in team history

text:
Playoff Droughts [1][2]

0Team0

Last appearance in post-season

Seasons

Cleveland Browns ^
2002 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

15

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2007 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

10

New York Jets
2010 AFC Championship Game

7

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Championship Game

7

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Divisional Playoffs

4

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Championship Game

4

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs

3

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Championship Game

3

Cincinnati Bengals
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2

Washington Redskins
2015 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

2

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Championship Game

2

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50

2

Miami Dolphins
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1

Oakland Raiders
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1

New York Giants
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

1

Detroit Lions
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

1

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs

1

Dallas Cowboys
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs

1

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs

1

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Championship Game

1

2017 Playoff Teams

Buffalo Bills
2017 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

—

Kansas City Chiefs
2017 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

—

Carolina Panthers
2017 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

—

Los Angeles Rams
2017 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

—

Tennessee Titans
2017 AFC Divisional Playoffs

—

Pittsburgh Steelers
2017 AFC Divisional Playoffs

—

New Orleans Saints
2017 NFC Divisional Playoffs

—

Atlanta Falcons
2017 NFC Divisional Playoffs

—

Jacksonville Jaguars
2017 AFC Championship Game

—

Minnesota Vikings
2017 NFC Championship Game

—

Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl LII

—

New England Patriots
Super Bowl LII

—

text: Playoff game victory droughts[edit]

text:
Updated through the 2017 NFL season.
Sortable table, click on header arrows.

text:
0^0

Longest drought in team history

0♦0

Most consecutive losses in team history

0¤0

Tied for most consecutive losses in team history

0♣ ♣0

Most consecutive losses in NFL history

text:
Current Playoff Loss Streak[1]

Team

Last playoff game win

SeasonsSince Win

Loss Streak

Playoff Losses - Teams

Cincinnati Bengals ^
1990 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

27
♦ 8
1990 Divisional - Los Angeles Raiders2005 Wild Card - Pittsburgh2009 Wild Card - New York Jets2011 Wild Card - Houston2012 Wild Card - Houston2013 Wild Card - San Diego2014 Wild Card - Indianapolis2015 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Detroit Lions
1991 NFC Divisional Playoffs*

26
♣ ♣ 9
1991 NFC Championship - Washington1993 Wild Card - Green Bay1994 Wild Card - Green Bay1995 Wild Card - Philadelphia 1997 Wild Card - Tampa Bay1999 Wild Card - Washington2011 Wild Card - New Orleans2014 Wild Card - Dallas2016 Wild Card - Seattle

Buffalo Bills ^
1995 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

22
♦ 5
1995 Divisional - Pittsburgh1996 Wild Card - Jacksonville1998 Wild Card - Miami1999 Wild Card - Tennessee2017 Wild Card - Jacksonville

Cleveland Browns [a]
1994 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

20**
2
1994 Divisional - Pittsburgh2002 Wild Card - Pittsburgh[a]

Miami Dolphins ^
2000 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

17
4 ¤
2000 Divisional - Oakland2001 Wild Card - Baltimore2008 Wild Card - Baltimore2016 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC Championship*

15
2 ¤
2002 Super Bowl - Tampa Bay2016 Wild Card - Houston

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII*

15
2
2005 Wild Card - Washington2007 Wild Card - New York Giants

Los Angeles Rams
2004 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

13
2
2004 Divisional - Atlanta2017 Wild Card - Atlanta

Washington Redskins
2005 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

12
4 ¤
2005 Divisional - Seattle2007 Wild Card - Seattle2012 Wild Card - Seattle2015 Wild Card - Green Bay

New York Jets
2010 AFC Divisional Playoffs

7
1
2010 AFC Championship - Pittsburgh

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Divisional Playoffs*

7
1
2010 NFC Championship - Green Bay

New York Giants
Super Bowl XLVI

6
1
2016 Wild Card - Green Bay

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

4
1
2013 Divisional - Denver

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Divisional Playoffs

4
1
2013 NFC Championship - Seattle

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

3
1
2014 Divisional - New England

Dallas Cowboys
2014 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

3
2
2014 Divisional - Green Bay2016 Divisional - Green Bay

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs

3
1
2014 AFC Championship - New England

Kansas City Chiefs
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2
3
2015 Divisional - New England2016 Divisional - Pittsburgh2017 Wild Card - Tennessee

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Divisional Playoffs*

2
1
2015 NFC Championship - Carolina

Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC Championship*

2
2
2015 Super Bowl - Denver2017 Wild Card - New Orleans

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50*

2
0
3-game win streak

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1
1
2016 Divisional - New England

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

1
1
2016 Divisional - Atlanta

Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs

1
2
2016 AFC Championship - New England2017 Divisional - Jacksonville

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs

1
1
2016 NFC Championship - Atlanta

2017 Playoff0
 Winners

Tennessee Titans
2017 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

0
1
2017 Divisional - New England

Atlanta Falcons
2017 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

0
1
2017 Divisional - Philadelphia

New Orleans Saints
2017 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

0
1
2017 Divisional - Minnesota

Jacksonville Jaguars
2017 AFC Divisional Playoffs

0
1
2017 AFC Championship - New England

Minnesota Vikings
2017 NFC Divisional Playoffs*

0
1
2017 NFC Championship - Philadelphia

New England Patriots
2017 AFC Championship*

0
1
Super Bowl LII - Philadelphia

Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl LII*

0
0
3-game win streak

Team

Last playoff game win

SeasonsSince Win

Loss Streak

Playoff Losses - Teams

text:
(*): Franchise earned a bye in the Wild Card round.

a  Franchise dormant 1996–1998. Since returning team is 0-1 in playoffs.

text: AFC/NFC Championship game appearance droughts[edit]

text: This is also a list of the last time a particular club won a Divisional playoff game.

text:
0^0

Longest drought in team history

0†0

Tied for longest drought in team history

text:
Drought Reference [1]

Seasons

Team

Last appearancein Conference Championship Game

Result

29
Cincinnati Bengals ^
1988 AFC
Won vs. Buffalo

26
Washington Redskins ^
1991 NFC
Won vs. Detroit

26
Detroit Lions ^
1991 NFC
Lost vs. Washington

25
Miami Dolphins ^
1992 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

25 [d]
Cleveland Browns ^
1989 AFC
Lost vs. Denver

24
Buffalo Bills ^
1993 AFC
Won vs. Kansas City

24
Kansas City Chiefs †
1993 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

22
Dallas Cowboys ^
1995 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

16
Houston Texans ^
1985Never [c]
y —

16
Los Angeles Rams ^ [a]
2001 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2002 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

15
Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC
Won vs. Tennessee

15
Tennessee Titans
2002 AFC
Lost vs. Oakland

10
Los Angeles Chargers [b]
2007 AFC
Lost vs. New England

8
New Orleans Saints
2009 NFC
Won vs. Minnesota

7
New York Jets
2010 AFC
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

7
Chicago Bears
2010 NFC
Lost vs. Green Bay

6
New York Giants
2011 NFC
Won vs. San Francisco

5
Baltimore Ravens
2012 AFC
Won vs. New England

4
San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC
Lost vs. Seattle

3
Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC
Lost vs. New England

3
Seattle Seahawks
2014 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

2
Denver Broncos
2015 AFC
Won vs. New England

2
Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC
Lost vs. Carolina

2
Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC
Won vs. Arizona

1
Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC
Lost vs. New England

1
Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC
Lost vs. Atlanta

1
Atlanta Falcons
2016 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

.75
Z2017  Conference Finalists
2016.5
z

0
Jacksonville Jaguars
2017 AFC
Lost vs. New England

0
Minnesota Vikings
2017 NFC
Lost vs. Philadelphia

0
Philadelphia Eagles
2017 NFC
Won vs. Minnesota

0
New England Patriots
2017 AFC
Won vs. Jacksonville

text:
a  The Los Angeles Rams last appeared in the NFC Championship game as the St. Louis Rams.
b  The Los Angeles Chargers last appeared in the AFC Championship game as the San Diego Chargers.
c  The Texans first played in the 2002 season.
d  The Browns were dormant from 1996–1998. Since returning 19 years ago, the Browns have never played in an AFC Championship Game.

text: Super Bowl or NFL Championship appearance droughts[edit]

text:
Last appearance in Super Bowl orNFL Championship[1][3]

Seasons

Team

Last appearancein Super Bowl

NFLSeason

Result

60
Detroit Lions
 1957 NFL Championship Game
1957
Won vs. Cleveland

49
New York Jets
 Super Bowl III
1968
Won vs. Baltimore Colts

48
Kansas City Chiefs
 Super Bowl IV
1969
Won vs. Minnesota

45 [e]
Cleveland Browns
1969.1 1969 NFL Championship Game
1969
Lost vs. Minnesota

41
Minnesota Vikings
 Super Bowl XI
1976
Lost vs. Oakland

33
Miami Dolphins
 Super Bowl XIX
1984
Lost vs. San Francisco

29
Cincinnati Bengals
 Super Bowl XXIII
1988
Lost vs. San Francisco

26
Washington Redskins
 Super Bowl XXVI
1991
Won vs. Buffalo

24
Buffalo Bills
 Super Bowl XXVIII
1993
Lost vs. Dallas

23
Jacksonville Jaguars
 Never (enfranchised 1995)

z —

23
Los Angeles Chargers [f]
 Super Bowl XXIX
1994
Lost vs. San Francisco

22
Dallas Cowboys
 Super Bowl XXX
1995
Won vs. Pittsburgh

18
Tennessee Titans
 Super Bowl XXXIV
1999
Lost vs. St. Louis Rams

16
Houston Texans
 Never (enfranchised 2002)

z —

16
Los Angeles Rams [g]
 Super Bowl XXXVI
2001
Lost vs. New England

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Won vs. Oakland

15
Oakland Raiders
 Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Lost vs. Tampa Bay

11
Chicago Bears
 Super Bowl XLI
2006
Lost vs. Indianapolis

9
Arizona Cardinals
 Super Bowl XLIII
2008
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

8
New Orleans Saints
 Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Won vs. Indianapolis

8
Indianapolis Colts
 Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Lost vs. New Orleans

7
Green Bay Packers
 Super Bowl XLV
2010
Won vs. Pittsburgh

7
Pittsburgh Steelers
 Super Bowl XLV
2010
Lost vs. Green Bay

6
New York Giants
 Super Bowl XLVI
2011
Won vs. New England

5
Baltimore Ravens
 Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Won vs. San Francisco

5
San Francisco 49ers
 Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Lost vs. Baltimore Ravens

3
Seattle Seahawks
 Super Bowl XLIX
2014
Lost vs. New England

2
Carolina Panthers
 Super Bowl 50
2015
Lost vs. Denver

2
Denver Broncos
 Super Bowl 50
2015
Won vs. Carolina

1
Atlanta Falcons
 Super Bowl LI
2016
Lost vs. New England

.75
ZSuper Bowl LII teams
a
2016a
zz

0
New England Patriots
 Super Bowl LII
2017
Lost vs. Philadelphia

0
Philadelphia Eagles
 Super Bowl LII
2017
Won vs. New England

text:
e  The Browns were dormant from 1996–1998. Since returning 19 seasons ago, Cleveland has never appeared in a Super Bowl or NFL championship game.
f  The Los Angeles Chargers last appeared in the Super Bowl as the San Diego Chargers.
g  The Los Angeles Rams last appeared in the Super Bowl as the St. Louis Rams.

text: Super Bowl win droughts[edit]

text: This list also counts all seasons since a team last won the league championship.

text:
Drought References[1][3]

Seasons

Team

Last Super Bowl crown (1966–present)

NFLSeason

Last League Championship crown  Before 1970 Merger(1920–1969)

Seasons

52
Arizona Cardinals[a]
Never
—
1947 NFL Championship
70

52
Detroit Lions
Never
—
1957 NFL Championship
60

52
Tennessee Titans[b]
Never
—
1961 AFL Championship
56

52
Los Angeles Chargers
Never
—
1963 AFL Championship
54

52
Buffalo Bills
Never
—
1965 AFL Championship
52

49
Cleveland Browns [d]
Never
—
1964 NFL Championship
50

52
Minnesota Vikings
Never
—
1969 NFL Championship[c]
48

52
Atlanta Falcons
Never (enfranchised 1966)
—

50
Cincinnati Bengals
Never (enfranchised 1968)
—

49
New York Jets [e]
Super Bowl III
1968

48
Kansas City Chiefs [e]
Super Bowl IV
1969

44
Miami Dolphins
Super Bowl VIII
1973

34
Oakland Raiders [f]
Super Bowl XVIII
1983

32
Chicago Bears
Super Bowl XX
1985

26
Washington Redskins
Super Bowl XXVI
1991

23
Jacksonville Jaguars
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

23
Carolina Panthers
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

23
San Francisco 49ers
Super Bowl XXIX
1994

22
Dallas Cowboys
Super Bowl XXX
1995

18
Los Angeles Rams [g]
Super Bowl XXXIV
1999

16
Houston Texans
Never (enfranchised 2002)
—

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII
2002

11
Indianapolis Colts
Super Bowl XLI
2006

9
Pittsburgh Steelers
Super Bowl XLIII
2008

8
New Orleans Saints
Super Bowl XLIV
2009

7
Green Bay Packers
Super Bowl XLV
2010

6
New York Giants
Super Bowl XLVI
2011

5
Baltimore Ravens
Super Bowl XLVII
2012

4
Seattle Seahawks
Super Bowl XLVIII
2013

2
Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50
2015

1
New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI
2016

.75
ZDefending champion
2015
z

0
Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl LII
2017

text:
a  Team won as the Chicago Cardinals in 1947.
b  Team won as the Houston Oilers in 1961.
c  AFL and NFL league champions met in Super Bowls I thru IV before the 1970 merger (1966–1969). They are not generally counted in the overall league championship list.
d  Browns suspended operations from 1996–1998. Since returning to the league, they have never appeared in or won a Super Bowl.
e  Super Bowl winner was not the NFL league champion till after 1970 merger (Super Bowl V).
f  Team was based in Los Angeles when it won Super Bowl XVIII.
g  Team was based in St. Louis when it won Super Bowl XXXIV.

text: Super Bowl crown droughts by division[edit]

text:
Division

Last Super Bowl crown

Seasons

AFC South
XLI — Colts
11

NFC South
XLIV — Saints
8

NFC North
XLV — Packers
7

AFC North
XLVII — Ravens
5

NFC West
XLVIII — Seahawks
4

AFC West
50 — Broncos
2

AFC East
LI — Patriots
1

NFC East
LII — Eagles
0

text: Cities/regions awaiting first Super Bowl crown[edit]

text:
Listed according to seasons waited.
Current NFL cities/regions only.

text:
Last city to leave list: Philadelphia, 2017 season

City/region

Seasons waited

Conference Title(s)

Team(s)

Notes

Detroit
52
None
Detroit Lions (1966–present)
Played in the 1991 NFC Championship Game. Last NFL Championship won in 1957.

Buffalo
52
1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
Buffalo Bills (1966–present)
Played in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII. Last AFL Championship won in 1965 (pre-merger). Buffalo's previous NFL franchise, the Buffalo All-Americans, claimed an unrecognized 1921 championship.

Atlanta
52
1998, 2016
Atlanta Falcons (1966–present)
Played in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI.

Minneapolis–St. Paul
52
1969, 1973, 1974, 1976
Minnesota Vikings (1966–present)
Played in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI. NFL Championship won in 1969 was last title before formal AFL–NFL merger later in 1970. Previous NFL team, the Minneapolis Marines / Red Jackets, also never won an NFL title.

Cincinnati
50
1981, 1988
Cincinnati Bengals (1968–present)
Played in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII. Previous NFL team, the Cincinnati Celts, never won an NFL title.

Cleveland
49
None
Cleveland Browns (1966–1995, 1999–present)
Played in the 1986, 1987, and 1989 AFC Championship Games.  Last NFL Championship won in 1964 (pre-merger).

Houston
47
None
31 Oilers seasons (1966–1996) and 16 Texans seasons (2002–present)
Played in the 1978 and 1979 AFC Championship Games. The Oilers franchise in Houston won the AFL Championship in 1960 and 1961 (pre-merger).

Phoenix
30
2008
Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals (1988–present)
Played in Super Bowl XLIII.

Jacksonville
23
None
Jacksonville Jaguars (1995–present)
Played in the 1996, 1999 and 2017 AFC Championship Games.

Charlotte
23
2003, 2015
Carolina Panthers (1995–present)
Played in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50.

Nashville
21
1999
Tennessee Oilers/Titans (1997–present)
Played in Super Bowl XXXIV.

text: San diego

text: Division title droughts[edit]

text:
Listed according to seasons waited.
Updated through the 2017 season.

text:
0^0

Longest drought in team history

text:
Franchise

0 0 Most recent0 0  division title

0Year0

Seasons

Cleveland Browns^
AFC Central
1989
25**

Detroit Lions^
NFC Central
1993
24

Buffalo Bills^
AFC East
1995
22

Oakland Raiders^
AFC West
2002
15

New York Jets
AFC East
2002
15

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
NFC South
2007
10

Miami Dolphins^
AFC East
2008
9

Tennessee Titans
AFC South
2008
9

Los Angeles Chargers
AFC West
2009
8

Chicago Bears
NFC North
2010
7

New York Giants
NFC East
2011
6

Baltimore Ravens
AFC North
2012
5

San Francisco 49ers
NFC West
2012
5

Indianapolis Colts
AFC South
2014
3

Cincinnati Bengals
AFC North
2015
2

Denver Broncos
AFC West
2015
2

Washington Redskins
NFC East
2015
2

Carolina Panthers
NFC South
2015
2

Arizona Cardinals
NFC West
2015
2

Houston Texans
AFC South
2016
1

Dallas Cowboys
NFC East
2016
1

Green Bay Packers
NFC North
2016
1

Atlanta Falcons
NFC South
2016
1

Seattle Seahawks
NFC West
2016
1

2017 Division Champions

New England Patriots
AFC East
2017
—

Pittsburgh Steelers
AFC North
2017
—

Jacksonville Jaguars
AFC South
2017
—

Kansas City Chiefs
AFC West
2017
—

Philadelphia Eagles
NFC East
2017
—

Minnesota Vikings
NFC North
2017
—

New Orleans Saints
NFC South
2017
—

Los Angeles Rams
NFC West
2017
—

text: **Does not include the three seasons (1996–1998) during which the franchise suspended operations.

text: Historical team droughts[edit]

text: Closest approaches without winning the Super Bowl[edit]

text:
Counted from the first Super Bowl season, 1966, to present.
Updated through the Super Bowl LII.

text:
Last team to leave this list - 2017 Philadelphia Eagles

Team

Wild Card appearances1

Divisional Round appearances2

Conference Final appearances3

Super Bowl appearances

Fewest wins short of  Super Bowl Title

Minnesota Vikings
12
21
9
4
1 win short : 1969, 1973, 1974, 1976

Buffalo Bills
7
10
5
4
1 win short : 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993

Cincinnati Bengals
8
6
2
2
1 win short : 1982, 1988

Atlanta Falcons
7
10
4
2
1 win short : 1998, 2016

Carolina Panthers
4
7
4
2
1 win short : 2003, 2015

Los Angeles Chargers
6
10
4
1
1 win short : 1994

Tennessee Titans
13
13
4
1
1 win short : 1999

Arizona Cardinals
4
6
2
1
1 win short : 2008

Cleveland Browns
3
8
6

2 wins short : 1968, 1969, 1986, 1987, 1989

Jacksonville Jaguars
6
5
3

2 wins short : 1996, 1999, 2017

Detroit Lions
8
3
1

2 wins short : 1991

Houston Texans
4
3

3 wins short : 2011, 2012, 2016

text: NFL Title Game in which neither team had previously won a championship[edit]

text: In these instances, the matchup ensured that one team would win the first NFL or AFL playoff championship in its history.

text:
0♦0

Drought Continues Thru 2017

0^0

Both Teams in 1st Title game

text:
Beginning at Playoff Era - 1933

Season -  Super Bowl #
Won
Lost
Number of years tilldrought ended

1981 - XVI ^
San Francisco 49ers
Cincinnati Bengals ♦
36

1971 - VI
Dallas Cowboys
Miami Dolphins
1

1963 AFL
San Diego Chargers
Boston Patriots
38

1960 AFL ^
Houston Oilers
Los Angeles Chargers
3

1947 ^
Chicago Cardinals
Philadelphia Eagles
1

1936 ^
Green Bay Packers
Boston Redskins
1

1933 ^
Chicago Bears
New York Giants
1

text: Playoff droughts of 5 plus seasons[edit]

text:
0^0

Denotes active streak

text:
Last place NFL finishes

Last place AFL finishes (1960–1969)

text:
List of Droughts[1]

Seasons

Team

Drought Duration

Division or Conference Last Placefinishes during drought

League Worst win-loss record during drought

Last Place

Seasons

25

Washington Redskins

1946–1970

4
1950, 1952, 1960–1961

1961

25

Chicago / St. Louis Cardinals

1949–1973

5
1951, 1953–1954, 1957, 1959

1953, 1954, 1957 tie, 19591959 tie

24

Pittsburgh Steelers

1948–1971

5
1955, 1965, 1967–1969

1965, 1969 tie

20

New Orleans Saints

1967–1986

9
1967, 1970–1972, 1975, 1977, 1980–1981, 1986

19751975 tie, 1980

17

Denver Broncos

1960–1976

8
1960, 1963–1967, 1970–1971

1960, 1963, 1964, 1965 tie, 1967

17

Philadelphia Eagles

1961–1977

7
1962–1963, 1968–1970, 1972, 1975

1968 tie

17

New York Giants

1964–1980

9
1964, 1966, 1971, 1973–1974, 1976–1978, 1980

1964, 1966, 1974 tie

17

Buffalo Bills

2000–2016

8
2001–2002, 2008–2013

—

16

Detroit Lions

1936–1951

4
1942, 1946–1948

1942, 1946, 1948

15

Chicago Cardinals

1932–1946

10
1933, 1935–1936, 1938–1940, 1943–1946

1933, 1938 tie, 1939, 1943, 1944 tie[a], 1945

15

Green Bay Packers

1945–1959

4
1949, 1953, 1957, 1958

1957 tie, 1958

15

St. Louis / Phoenix / Arizona Cardinals

1983–1997

7
1985–1986, 1990–1992, 1995, 1997

—

15 ^

Cleveland Browns

2003–2017

13
2003–2006, 2008–2009, 2011–2017

2015 tie, 2016, 2017

14

Pittsburgh Pirates / Steelers

1933–1946

7
1933–1934, 1938–1939, 1941, 1944–1945

1938 tie, 1941, 1944 tie[a]

14

Philadelphia Eagles

1933–1946

5
1935–1937, 1940, 1942

1935, 1936, 1940

14

Kansas City Chiefs

1972–1985

5
1977–1979, 1983, 1985

19771977 tie

14

Tampa Bay Buccaneers

1983–1996

8
1983, 1985–1986, 1989, 1991, 1993–1995

19831983 tie, 1985 tie, 1986

14

Cincinnati Bengals

1991–2004

6
1991–1993, 1998, 2001–2002

1993, 1998 tie, 2002

13

Chicago Bears

1964–1976

5
1969–1970, 1972–1974

1969 tie

13

San Diego Chargers

1966–1978

3
1972–1973, 1975

1975 tie

13

Oakland Raiders

2003–2015

6
2004–2007, 2013–2014

2003 tie, 2006

12

Detroit Lions

1958–1969

2
1966, 1968

—

12

San Francisco 49ers

1958–1969

3
1963–1964, 1969

1963

12

Boston / New England Patriots

1964–1975

4
1967, 1970, 1972, 1975

1970

12

Atlanta Falcons

1966–1977

3
1967–1968, 1974

1967, 1968 tie

12

St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams

2005–2016

6
2007–2009, 2011, 2013–2014

2009, 2011 tie

11

Los Angeles Rams

1956–1966

4
1956, 1959, 1962, 1965

19591959 tie, 1962

11

New York Jets

1970–1980

1
1980

—

11

Detroit Lions

1971–1981

1
1979

19791979 tie

11

Detroit Lions

2000–2010

6
2001–2003, 2006, 2008–2009

2008

10

Philadelphia Eagles

1950–1959

2
1956, 1958

1956

10

Green Bay Packers

1983–1992

1
1988

—

10

Seattle Seahawks

1989–1998

4
1992–1994, 1996

1992 tie

10 ^

Tampa Bay Buccaneers

2008–2017

7
2009, 2011–2015, 2017

20142014 tie

9

Green Bay Packers

1973–1981

2
1976, 1980

—

9

Baltimore / Indianapolis Colts

1978–1986

4
1978 - 1979, 1982, 1986

1981 tie, 1982

9

San Diego Chargers

1983–1991

4
1984, 1986, 1989, 1991

—

9

Los Angeles / St. Louis Rams

1990–1998

6
1991–1994, 1997–1998

—

9

Arizona Cardinals

1999–2007

4
2000, 2002–2003, 2006

2003 tie

9

Houston Texans

2002–2010

5
2002–2003, 2005–2007

2005

9

Jacksonville Jaguars

2008–2016

4
2008–2009, 2012, 2016

2012 tie

8

New York Titans / Jets

1960–1967

2
1962–1963

—

8

Houston Oilers

1970–1977

4
1970, 1972–1973, 1976

1972, 1973

8

San Francisco 49ers

1973–1980

2
1978–1979

1978, 1979 tie

8

Atlanta Falcons

1983–1990

7
1983–1985, 1987–1990

1987

8

San Diego Chargers

1996–2003

5
1997–1998, 2000–2001, 2003

2000, 2003 tie

8

San Francisco 49ers

2003–2010

2
2004–2005

2004

8

Tennessee Titans

2009–2016

3
2010, 2014–2015

20142014 tie, 2015 tie

7

Cleveland Rams

1937–1944 [b]

2
1937, 1941

1937

7

San Francisco 49ers

1950–1956

0
—

—

7

Oakland Raiders

1960–1966

2
1961–1962

1961, 1962

7

Minnesota Vikings

1961–1967

3
1961, 1966–1967

—

7

Buffalo Bills

1967–1973

2
1968, 1971

19681971

7

Cleveland Browns

1973–1979

3
1974–1975, 1977

—

7

Seattle Seahawks

1976–1982

3
1976, 1980–1981

—

7

Detroit Lions

1984–1990

1
1987

—

7

New England Patriots

1987–1993

2
1990, 1992

1990, 1992 tie

7

Indianapolis Colts

1988–1994

2
1991, 1993

1991

7

New Orleans Saints

1993–1999

3
1995–1996, 1999

—

7

Miami Dolphins

2009–2015

1
2015

—

7 ^

Chicago Bears

2011–2017

4
2014–2017

—

7 ^

New York Jets

2011–2017

3
2014, 2016–2017

—

6

Chicago Bears

1957–1962

0
—

—

6

Dallas Cowboys

1960–1965

1
1960

1960

6

St. Louis Cardinals

1976–1981

2
1979, 1981

—

6

Houston Oilers

1981–1986

4
1983–1986

19831983 tie

6

Buffalo Bills

1982–1987

2
1984–1985

1984, 1985 tie

6

Philadelphia Eagles

1982–1987

1
1984

—

6

New York Jets

1992–1997

3
1994–1996

1995, 1996

6

Washington Redskins

1993–1998

2
1993–1994

—

6

Los Angeles / Oakland Raiders

1994–1999

0
—

—

6

Chicago Bears

1995–2000

4
1997–2000

—

6

Carolina Panthers

1997–2002

2
2001–2002

2001

6

Miami Dolphins

2002–2007

3
2004, 2006–2007

2007

5

New York Giants

1951–1955

0
—

—

5

Chicago Bears

1951–1955

0
—

—

5

Baltimore Colts

1953–1957

1
1954

—

5

Cleveland Browns

1959–1963

0
—

—

5

Buffalo Bills

1975–1979

2
1976–1977

—

5

Cincinnati Bengals

1976–1980

3
1978–1980

—

5

Washington Redskins

1977–1981

0
—

—

5

Cincinnati Bengals

1983–1987

1
1987

—

5

Dallas Cowboys

1986–1990

2
1988, 1989

1988, 1989

5

Houston / Tennessee Oilers

1994–1998

1
1994

1994

5

Kansas City Chiefs

1998–2002

1
2002

—

5

Washington Redskins

2000–2004

1
2004

—

5

Jacksonville Jaguars

2000–2004

0
—

—

5

New Orleans Saints

2001–2005

1
2005

—

5

Denver Broncos

2006–2010

1
2010

—

Seasons

Team

Drought Duration

Last Place

Seasons

League Worst win-loss record during drought

Division or Conference Last Placefinishes during drought

text: Most consecutive post-season losses in team history[edit]

text: This is a sortable table of all 32 current NFL teams. Ten teams have multiple losing streaks where they lost an equal number of post season games before breaking the drought.

text: Updated through the 2017 season.

text:
0^0

Denotes active drought

text:
Team

Streak lasted

Last win

Games Lost

Playoff Losses

Score

Opponent

Next win

Arizona Cardinals
 51 years
1947  Championship

4
1948 NFL Champ.1974 Div.1975 Div.1982 1st Round

0–714–3023–3516–41

EaglesVikingsRamsPackers

1998 Wild Card

Atlanta Falcons
  8 years

2004 Divisional

4

2004 NFC Champ. 2008 Wild Card 2010 Div. 2011 Wild Card

10–2724–3021–482–24

EaglesCardinalsPackersGiants

2012 Divisional

Baltimore Ravens
  7 years
2001 Wild Card
3

2001 Div.2003 Wild Card 2006 Div.

10–2717–206–15

SteelersTitansColts

2008 Wild Card

Buffalo Bills^
  22 years
1995 Wild Card
5

1995 Div.1996 Wild Card  1998 Wild Card 1999 Wild Card 2017 Wild Card

21–4027–3017–2416–223–10

SteelersJaguarsDolphinsTitansJaguars

TBD

Carolina Panthers
  8 years
2005 Divisional
3

2005 NFC Champ.2008 Div. 2013 Div.

14–3413–3310–23

SeahawksCardinals49ers

2014 Wild Card

Chicago Bears
 12 years
1994 Wild Card
3

1994 Div.2001 Div.2005 Div.

15–4419–3321–29

49ersEaglesPanthers

2006 Divisional

Cincinnati Bengals^
 27 years
1990 Wild Card
8

1990 Div.2005 Wild Card2009 Wild Card 2011 Wild Card2012 Wild Card2013 Wild Card2014 Wild Card2015 Wild Card

10–2017–3114–2410–3113–1910–2710–2616–18

RaidersSteelersJetsTexansTexansChargersColtsSteelers

TBD

Cleveland Browns
 17 years
1969 Divisional
6

1969 NFL Champ.1971 Div.1972 Div.1980 Div.1982 1st Round1985 Div.

7–273–2014–2012–1410–2721–24

VikingsColtsDolphinsRaidersRaidersDolphins

1986 Divisional

Dallas Cowboys
 13 years
1996Wild Card
6

1996 Div.1998 Wild Card1999 Wild Card2003 Wild Card2006 Wild Card2007 Div.

17–267–2010–2710–2920–2117–21

PanthersCardinalsVikingsPanthersSeahawksGiants

2009 Wild Card

Denver Broncos
 9 years
1977 Conference Championship
5

Super Bowl XII 1978 Div.1979 Wild Card1983 Wild Card1984 Div.

10–2710–337–137–3117–24

CowboysSteelersOilersSeahawksSteelers

1986 Divisional

Detroit Lions^
 26 years
1991Divisional
9

1991 NFC Champ.1993 Wild Card1994 Wild Card1995 Wild Card1997 Wild Card1999 Wild Card2011 Wild Card2014 Wild Card2016 Wild Card

10–4124–2812–1637–5810–2013–2728–4520–246-26

RedskinsPackersPackersEaglesBuccaneersRedskinsSaintsCowboysSeahawks

TBD

Green Bay Packers005 (2 loss) streaks
 4 years
1997 Conference Championship
2

Super Bowl XXXII1998 Wild Card

24–3127–30

Broncos49ers

2001 Wild Card

 2 years
2001Wild Card
2

2001 Div.2002 Wild Card

17–457–27

RamsFalcons

2003 Wild Card

 4 years
2003Wild Card
2

2003 Div.2004 Wild Card

17–20 (OT)17–31

EaglesVikings

2007 Divisional

 3 years
2007Divisional
2

2007 NFC Champ.2009 Wild Card

20–23 (OT)45–51 (OT)

GiantsCardinals

2010 Wild Card

 2 years
2012Wild Card
2

2012 Div.2013 Wild Card

31–4520–23

49ers49ers

2014 Divisional

Houston Texans
 4 years
2012 Wild Card
2
2012 Divisional2015 Wild Card
28–410–30
PatriotsChiefs
2016 Wild Card

Indianapolis Colts002 (5 loss) streaks
24 years
1971Divisional
5

1971 AFC Champ.1975 Div.1976 Div.1977 Div.1987 Div.

0–2110–2814–4031–37 (2 OT)21–38

DolphinsSteelersSteelersRaidersBrowns

1995 Wild Card

 8 years
1995Divisional
5

1995 AFC Champ.1996 Wild Card1999 Div.2000 Wild Card2002 Wild Card

16–2014–4216–1917–23 (OT)0–41

SteelersSteelersTitansDolphinsJets

2003 Wild Card

Jacksonville Jaguars002 (2 loss) streaks
2 years
1996 Divisional
2

1996 AFC Champ.1997 Wild Card

6–2017–42

PatriotsBroncos

1998 Wild Card

 8 years
1999Divisional
2

1999 AFC Champ.2005 Wild Card

14–333–28

TitansPatriots

2007 Wild Card

Kansas City Chiefs
 21 years
1993Divisional
8

1993 AFC Champ.1994 Wild Card1995 Div.1997 Div.2003 Div.2006 Wild Card2010 Wild Card2013 Wild Card

13–3017–277–1010–1431–388–237–3044–45

BillsDolphinsColtsBroncosColtsColtsRavensColts

2015 Wild Card

Los Angeles Chargers
 13 years
1994AFC Championship
4

Super Bowl XXIX1995 Wild Card2004 Wild Card2006 Div.

26–4920–3517–20 (OT)21–24

49ersColtsJetsPatriots

2007 Wild Card

Los Angeles Rams
 23 years
1951Championship
5

1952 Nat. Conf.1955 NFL Champ.1967 NFL W Conf.1969 NFL W Conf.1973 Div.

21–3114–387–2820–2316–27

LionsBrownsPackersVikingsCowboys

1974 Divisional

Miami Dolphins ^002 (4 loss) streaks
 9 years
1973Super Bowl
4

1974 Div.1978 Wild Card1979 Div.1981 Div.

26–289–1714–3438–41 (OT)

RaidersOilersSteelersChargers

1982 First Round

 17 years
2000Wild Card
4

2000 Div.2001 Wild Card2008 Wild Card2016 Wild Card

0–273–209–2712–30

RaidersRavensRavensSteelers

TBD

Minnesota Vikings
 9 years
1988Wild Card
6

1988 Div.1989 Div.1992 Wild Card1993 Wild Card1994 Wild Card1996 Wild Card

9–3413–417–2410–1718–3515–45

49ers49ersRedskinsGiantsBearsCowboys

1997 Wild Card

New England Patriots
 22 years
1963Divisional
4

1963 AFL Champ.1976 Div.1978 Div.1982 1st Round

10–5121–2414–3113–28

ChargersRaidersOilersDolphins

1985 Wild Card

New Orleans Saints
 32 years
1967 EnfranchisedNo Playoff Wins till 2000
4

1987 Wild Card1990 Wild Card1991 Wild Card1992 Wild Card

10–446–1620–2720–36

VikingsBearsFalconsEagles

2000 Wild Card

New York Giants
 18 years
1938Championship
6

1939 NFL Champ.1941 NFL Champ.1943 East  Div.1944 NFL Champ.1946 NFL Champ.1950 Am. Conf.

0–279–370–287–1414–243–8

PackersBearsRedskinsPackersBearsBrowns

1956 Championship

New York Jets 005 (2 loss) streaks
 14 years
1968Super Bowl III
2

1969 AFL Div.1981 Wild Card

6–1327–31

ChiefsBills

1982 First Round

 4 years
1982 2nd Round
2

1982 AFC Champ.1985 Wild Card

0–1414–26

DolphinsPatriots

1986 Wild Card

 12 years
1986 Wild Card
2

1986 Div.1991 Wild Card

20–23 (2 OT)10–17

BrownsOilers

1998 Divisional

 4 years
1998 Divisional
2

1998 AFC Champ.2001 Wild Card

10–2324–38

BroncosRaiders

2002 Wild Card

 5 years
2004 Wild Card
2

2004 Divisional2006 Wild Card

17–20 (OT)16–37

SteelersPatriots

2009 Wild Card

Oakland Raiders ^004 (2 loss) streaks
 3 years
1970Divisional
2

1970 AFC Champ.1972 Div.

17–277–13

ColtsSteelers

1973 Divisional

 7 years
1983 Super Bowl XVIII
2

1984 Wild Card1985 Div.

7–1320–27

SeahawksPatriots

1990 Divisional

 3 years
1990 Divisional
2

1990 AFC Champ.1991 Wild Card

3–516–10

BillsChiefs

1993 Wild Card

 15 years
2002 AFC Championship
2

Super Bowl XXXVIII 2016 Wild Card

24-4114-27

BucsTexans

TBD

Philadelphia Eagles
 12 years
1980ConferenceChampionship
5

Super Bowl XV1981 Wild Card1988 Div.1989 Wild Card1990 Wild Card

10–2721–2712–207–216–20

RaidersGiantsBearsRamsRedskins

1992 Wild Card

Pittsburgh Steelers002 (3 loss) streaks
 5 years
1989Wild Card
3

1989 Div.1992 Div.1993 Wild Card

23–243–2424–27

BroncosBillsChiefs

1994 Divisional

4 years
2010 AFC Championship
3
Super Bowl XLV2011 Wild Card2014 Wild Card
25–3123–2917–30
PackersBroncosRavens
2015 Wild Card

San Francisco 49ers
4 years
1984Super Bowl XIX
3

1985 Wild Card1986 Div.1987 Div.

3–173–4924–36

GiantsGiantsVikings

1988 Divisional

Seattle Seahawks
 21 years
1984Wild Card
6

1984 Div.1987 Wild Card1988 Div.1999 Wild Card2003 Wild Card2004 Wild Card

10–3120–23 (OT)13–2117–2027–33 (OT)20–27

DolphinsOilersBengalsDolphinsPackersRams

2005 Divisional

Tampa Bay Buccaneers 002 (3 loss) streaks
 18 years
1979Divisional
3

1979 NFC Champ.1981 Div.1982 1st Round

0–90–3817–30

RamsCowboysCowboys

1997 Wild Card

3 years
1999Divisional
3

1999 NFC Champ.2000 Wild Card2001 Wild Card

6–113–219–31

RamsEaglesEagles

2002 Divisional

Tennessee Titans 004 (3 loss) streaks
 17 years
1961 AFLChampionship
3

1962 AFL Champ.1967 AFL Champ.1969 AFL Div.

17–20 (2 OT)7–407–56

Dallas TexansRaidersRaiders

1978 Wild Card

 3 years
1988Wild Card
3

1988 Div.1989 Wild Card1990 Wild Card

10–1723–26 (OT)14–41

BillsSteelersBengals

1991 Wild Card

 8 years
1991Wild Card
3

1991 Divisional1992 Wild Card1993 Divisional

24–2638–41 (OT)20–28

BroncosBillsChiefs

1999 Wild Card

 13 years
2003Wild Card
3

2003 Div.2007 Wild Card2008 Div.

14–176–1710–13

PatriotsChargersRavens

2017 Wild Card

Washington Redskins ^002 (4 loss) streaks
 10 years
1972NFC Championship
4

Super Bowl VII1973 Div.1974 Div.1976 Div.

7–1420–2710–1920–35

DolphinsVikingsRamsVikings

1982 First Round

 12 years
2005Wild Card
4

2005 Div.2007 Wild Card2012 Wild Card2015 Wild Card

10–2014–3514–2418–35

SeahawksSeahawksSeahawksPackers

TBD

Team

Streak lasted

Last win

Games Lost

Playoff Games

Score

Opponent

Next win

text: Longest post-season droughts in team history[edit]

text: Note that the NFL did not institute a permanent playoff tournament until 1967 and that the NFL Championship Game and any impromptu one-game playoffs (played only in the event of a tie atop the division standings) were the only postseason matchups in this era. The Bert Bell Benefit Bowl (1960-1969) is considered an exhibition game for the purpose of this list.

text: Updated through the 2017 season.

text:
0^0

Denotes active streak

text:
No post season appearances

Team

Longest streak with no post-season appearances

Seasons

Washington Redskins
1946–1970
25

Arizona Cardinals
1949–1973
25

Pittsburgh Steelers
1948–1971
24

New Orleans Saints
1967–1986
20

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1977
17

New York Giants
1964–1980
17

Buffalo Bills
2000–2016
17

Detroit Lions
1936–1951
16

Green Bay Packers
1945–1959
15

Cleveland Browns^
2003–2017^
15

Kansas City Chiefs
1972–1985
14

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1983–1996
14

Cincinnati Bengals
1991–2004
14

Chicago Bears
1964–1976
13

Los Angeles Chargers
1966–1978
13

Oakland Raiders
2003–2015
13

San Francisco 49ers
1958–1969
12

New England Patriots
1964–1975
12

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977
12

Los Angeles Rams
2005–2016
12

New York Jets
1970–1980
11

Seattle Seahawks
1989–1998
10

Indianapolis Colts
1978–1986
9

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars
2008–2016
9

Tennessee Titans
1970–19772009–2016
8

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1967
7

Miami Dolphins
2009–2015
7

Dallas Cowboys
1960–1965
6

Carolina Panthers
1997–2002
6

Baltimore Ravens
1996–1999
4

Team

Longest streak with no post-season appearances

Seasons

No post season victories

Team

Longest streak with no post-season victories

Seasons

Arizona Cardinals
1948–1997
50

Pittsburgh Steelers
1933–1971
39

Detroit Lions
1958–1990
33

New Orleans Saints
1967–1999
33

Washington Redskins
1944–1971
28

Cincinnati Bengals^
1991–2017^
27

Indianapolis Colts
1972–1994
23

Los Angeles Rams
1952–1973
22

New York Giants
1959–1980
22

Buffalo Bills^
1996–2017^
22

New England Patriots
1964–1984
21

Kansas City Chiefs
1970–1990 1994–2014
21

San Francisco 49ers
1950–1969
20

Chicago Bears
1964–1983
20

Seattle Seahawks
1985–2004
20

Cleveland Browns^
1995, 1999–2017^
20

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1978
18

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1980–1996
17

Miami Dolphins^
2001–2017^
17

Green Bay Packers
1945–1960
16

Tennessee Titans
1962–1977
16

Los Angeles Chargers
1964–1979
16

Oakland Raiders^
2003–2017^
15

New York Jets
1969–1981
13

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977;1979–1990
12

Dallas Cowboys
1997–2008
12

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars
2008–2016
9

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1968;1989–1996
8

Carolina Panthers
2006–2013
8

Baltimore Ravens
2002–2007
6

Team

Longest streak with no post-season victories

Seasons