document_title: State of Origin results and statistics

question_text: when was the last time state of origin played in melbourne

text: State of Origin results and statistics

text: Results[edit]

text: Series matches[edit]

text:
Date
Details
Referee(s)
Ground
Crowd
Man of the Match

Tuesday, June 1, 1982
New South Wales 20 (Ziggy Niszczot 2, Steve Mortimer, Brad Izzard tries; Michael Cronin 4 goals) Queensland 16 (Mitch Brennan, John Ribot tries; Mal Meninga 5 goals)
Kevin Roberts
Lang Park
27,326
Mal Meninga

Tuesday, June 8, 1982
Queensland 11 (Gene Miles, John Ribot, Paul Vautin tries; Colin Scott goal) New South Wales  7 (Brad Izzard try; Tony Melrose 2 goals)
Barry Gomersall
Lang Park
19,435
Rod Morris

Tuesday, June 22, 1982
Queensland 10 (Wally Lewis, Rohan Hancock tries; Mal Meninga 2 goals) New South Wales  5 (Phil Duke try; Michael Cronin goal)
Don Wilson
Sydney Cricket Ground
20,242
Wally Lewis

Tuesday, June 7, 1983
Queensland 24 (Wally Lewis 2, Mark Murray tries; Mal Meninga 6 goals) New South Wales 12 (Steve Ella, Eric Grothe, Sr. tries; Phil Sigsworth 2 goals)
Barry Gomersall
Lang Park
29,412
Wally Lewis

Tuesday, June 21, 1983
New South Wales 10 (Steve Ella, Neil Hunt tries; Michael Cronin goal) Queensland  6 (Mal Meninga try; Mal Meninga goal)
John Gocher
Sydney Cricket Ground
21,620
Peter Sterling

Tuesday, June 28, 1983
Queensland 43 (Mitch Brennan 2, Greg Conescu, Bryan Niebling, Gene Miles, Steve Stacey, Dave Brown tries; Mal Meninga 6, Colin Scott goals; Wally Lewis field goal) New South Wales  22 (Chris Anderson 3, Steve Mortimer tries; Michael Cronin 3 goals)
Robin Whitfield
Lang Park
26,084
Wally Lewis

Tuesday, May 29, 1984
Queensland 29 (Kerry Boustead 3, Gene Miles, Wally Lewis, Paul Vautin tries; Mal Meninga 2 goals; Wally Lewis field goal) New South Wales 12 (Noel Cleal try; Ross Conlon 4 goals)
Kevin Roberts
Lang Park
33,662
Wally Lewis

Tuesday, June 19, 1984
Queensland 14 (Greg Dowling, Gene Miles tries; Mal Meninga 3 goals) New South Wales 2 (Ross Conlon goal)
Barry Gomersall
Sydney Cricket Ground
29,088
Wally Lewis

Tuesday, July 17, 1984
New South Wales 22 (Brian Johnston 2, Noel Cleal tries; Ross Conlon 5 goals) Queensland 12 (Kerry Boustead, Bob Lindner tries; Mal Meninga 2 goals)
Kevin Roberts
Lang Park
16,559
Steve Mortimer

Tuesday, May 28, 1985
New South Wales  18 (Michael O' Connor 2 tries; Michael O'Connor 5 goals)) Queensland  2 (Mal Meninga goal)
Kevin Roberts
Lang Park
33,011
Peter Wynn

Tuesday, June 11, 1985
New South Wales  21 (Ben Elias, Brett Kenny, Steve Mortimer tries; Michael O'Connor 4 goals; Michael O'Connor field goal) Queensland  14 (Ian French, Bob Lindner tries; Mal Meninga 3 goals)
Barry Gomersall
Sydney Cricket Ground
39,068
Wally Lewis

Tuesday, July 23, 1985
Queensland  20 (Dale Shearer 2, Ian French, John Ribot tries; Mal Meninga 2 goals) New South Wales  6 (Steve Ella try; Michael O'Connor goal)
Barry Gomersall
Lang Park
18,825
Wally Fullerton-Smith

Tuesday, May 27, 1986
New South Wales  22 (Andrew Farrar, Garry Jack, Chris Mortimer, Royce Simmons tries; Michael O'Connor 3 goals) Queensland  16 (Greg Dowling, Gene Miles tries; Mal Meninga 4 goals)
Kevin Roberts
Lang Park
33,066
Royce Simmons

Tuesday, June 10, 1986
New South Wales  24 (Noel Cleal, Wayne Pearce, Andrew Farrar Brett Kenny, Michel O'Connor tries; Michel O'Connor 2 goals) Queensland  20 (Dale Shearer, Ian French, Les Kiss, Bob Lindner tries; Mal Meninga 2 goals)
Barry Gomersall
Sydney Cricket Ground
40,707
Peter Sterling

Tuesday, July 1, 1986
New South Wales  18 (Wayne Pearce, Peter Tunks, Michael O'Connor tries; Michael O'Connor 3 goals) Queensland  16 (Gary Belcher, Greg Conescu, Les Kiss, Dale Shearer tries)
Kevin Roberts
Lang Park
21,097
Brett Kenny

Tuesday, June 2, 1987
New South Wales  20 (Michael O'Connor 2, Les Davidson, Mark McGaw tries; Michael O'Connor 2 goals) Queensland  16 (Dale Shearer, Tony Currie, Greg Dowling tries; Gary Belcher, Peter Jackson goals)
Mick Stone
Lang Park
33,411
Les Davidson

Tuesday, June 16, 1987
Queensland  12 (Dale Shearer, Greg Dowling, Colin Scott tries) New South Wales  6 (Andrew Farrar try; Michael O'Connor goal)
Barry Gomersall
Sydney Cricket Ground
42,048
Peter Sterling

Wednesday, July 15, 1987
Queensland  10 (Dale Shearer, Bob Lindner tries; Dale Shearer goal) New South Wales  8 (David Boyle try; Michael O'Connor 2 goals)
Barry Gomersall
Lang Park
32,602
Allan Langer

Tuesday, May 17, 1988
Queensland 26 (Allan Langer 2, Gary Belcher, Peter Jackson, Alan McIndoe tries; Gary Belcher 3 goals) New South Wales  18 (Mark McGaw, Andrew Ettingshausen, Michael O'Connor tries; Michael O'Connor 3 goals)
Barry Gomersall
Sydney Football Stadium
26,441
Allan Langer

Tuesday, May 31, 1988
Queensland  16 (Sam Backo, Allan Langer tries; Gary Belcher 4 goals) New South Wales  6 (Michael O'Connor try; Michael O'Connor goal)
Mick Stone
Lang Park
31,817
Sam Backo

Tuesday, June 21, 1988
Queensland  38 (Sam Backo 2, Gary Belcher, Brett French, Joe Kilroy, Allan Langer, Wally Lewis tries; Gary Belcher 5 goals) New South Wales  22 (Wayne Pearce, John Ferguson, Steve Hanson, Michael O'Connor tries; Michael O'Connor 3 goals)
Greg McCallum
Sydney Football Stadium
16,910
Sam Backo

Tuesday, May 23, 1989
Queensland  36 (Mal Meninga 2, Michael Hancock 2, Allan Langer, Alan McIndoe, Bob Lindner tries; Mal Meninga 4 goals) New South Wales 6 (Andrew Ettingshausen try; Laurie Daley goal)
Mick Stone
Lang Park
33,088
Martin Bella

Wednesday, June 14, 1989
Queensland  16 (Kerrod Walters, Wally Lewis, Michael Hancock tries; Mal Meninga, Gary Belcher goals) New South Wales  12 (Laurie Daley, Chris Johns tries; Greg Alexander 2 goals)
David Manson
Sydney Football Stadium
40,000
Wally Lewis

Wednesday, June 28, 1989
Queensland  36 (Dale Shearer 2, Gary Belcher, Tony Currie, Kerrod Walters, Michael Hancock, Alan McIndoe tries; Dale Shearer 4 goals) New South Wales  16 (David Trewhella, Bruce McGuire, Des Hasler tries; Michael O'Connor 2 goals)
Greg McCallum
Lang Park
33,260
Kerrod Walters

Wednesday, May 9, 1990
New South Wales  8 (Mark McGaw try; Michael O'Connor 2 goals) Queensland  0
David Manson
Sydney Football Stadium
41,235
Ben Elias

Wednesday, May 30, 1990
New South Wales  12 (Ricky Stuart, Brad Mackay tries; Rod Wishart 2 goals) Queensland  6 (Les Kiss try; Mal Meninga goal)
Greg McCallum
Olympic Park, Melbourne
25,800
Ricky Stuart

Wednesday, June 13, 1990
Queensland  14 (Peter Jackson, Gary Belcher tries; Gary Belcher 2, Wally Lewis goals) New South Wales  10 (Mark McGaw, Glenn Lazarus tries; Rod Wishart goal)
David Manson
Lang Park
31,416
Bob Linder

Wednesday, May 8, 1991
Queensland  6 (Mal Meninga try; Mal Meninga goal)New South Wales  4 (Laurie Daley try)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
32,400
Wally Lewis

Wednesday, May 29, 1991
New South Wales  14 (Mark McGaw, Chris Johns tries; Michael O'Connor 3 goals)Queensland  12 (Dale Shearer, Willie Carne tries; Mal Meninga 2 goals)
David Manson
Sydney Football Stadium
41,520
Steve Walters

Wednesday, June 12, 1991
Queensland  14 (Dale Shearer, Paul Hauff, Michael Hancock tries; Mal Meninga goal)New South Wales  12 (Chris Johns, Michael O'Connor, Des Hasler tries)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
33,226
Martin Bella

Wednesday, May 6, 1992
New South Wales  14 (Bradley Clyde, Craig Salvatori tries; Rod Wishart 3 goals)Queensland  6 (Allan Langer try; Mal Meninga goal)
David Manson
Sydney Football Stadium
40,039
Ben Elias

Wednesday, May 20, 1992
Queensland  5 (Billy Moore try; Allan Langer field goal)New South Wales  4 (Rod Wishart 2 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
31,500
Bob Linder

Wednesday, June 3, 1992
New South Wales  16 (Andrew Ettingshausen, Ricky Stuart, John Cartwright tries; Tim Brasher 2 goals)Queensland  4 (Mal Meninga 2 goals)
Eddie Ward
Sydney Football Stadium
41,878
Ricky Stuart

Monday, May 3, 1993
New South Wales  14 (Ricky Stuart, Rod Wishart tries; Rod Wishart 3 goals)Queensland  10 (Willie Carne, Bob Linder tries; Mal Meninga goal)
Greg McCallum
Lang Park
33,000
Ricky Stuart

Monday, May 17, 1993
New South Wales  16 (Laurie Daley, Brad Mackay, Rod Wishart tries; Rod Wishart 2 goals)Queensland  12 (Mal Meninga, Kevin Walters tries; Dale Shearer, Adrian Brunker goals)
Eddie Ward
Sydney Football Stadium
41,895
Tim Brasher

Monday, May 31, 1993
Queensland  24 (Willie Carne 2, Bob Linder, Steve Walters tries; Mal Meninga 2, Julian O'Neill 2 goals)New South Wales  12 (Andrew Ettingshausen, Paul Harragon tries; Rod Wishart 2 goals)
Greg McCallum
Lang Park
31,500
Dale Shearer

Monday, May 23, 1994
Queensland  16 (Julian O'Neill, Willie Carne, Mark Coyne tries; Mal Meninga 2 goals)New South Wales  12 (Paul Harragon, Brad Mackay tries; Rod Wishart, Graham Mackay goals)
Bill Harrigan
Sydney Football Stadium
41,859
Willie Carne

Wednesday, June 8, 1994
New South Wales  14 (Glenn Lazarus, Paul McGregor tries; Tim Brasher 3 goals)Queensland  0
Graham Annesley
Melbourne Cricket Ground
87,161
Paul Harragon

Monday, June 20, 1994
New South Wales  27 (Brett Mullins, Bradley Clyde, Laurie Daley, Brad Fittler tries; Tim Brasher 4 goals; Ben Elias 2, Brad Fittler field goals)Queensland  12 (Steve Renouf, Andrew Gee tries Julian O'Neill 2 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
40,665
Ben Elias

Monday, May 15, 1995
Queensland  2 (Wayne Bartrim goal)New South Wales  0
Eddie Ward
Sydney Football Stadium
39,841
Gary Larson

Wednesday, May 31, 1995
Queensland  20 (Brett Dallas, Mark Coyne, Adrian Lam tries; Wayne Bartrim 4 goals)New South Wales  12 (Brett Rodwell, Jim Serdaris tries; Rod Wishart 2 goals)
Eddie Ward
Melbourne Cricket Ground
52,994
Jason Smith

Monday, June 12, 1995
Queensland  24 (Brett Dallas,Jason Smith, Ben Ikin, Billy Moore tries; Wayne Bartrim 4 goals)New South Wales  16 (Tim Brasher, Adam Muir, Rod Wishart tries; Rod Wishart 2 goals)
David Manson
Lang Park
40,189
Adrian Lam

Monday, May 20, 1996
New South Wales  14 (Andrew Ettingshausen, Steve Menzies tries; Andrew Johns 3 Goals)Queensland  6 (Allan Langer try; Wayne Bartrim goal)
David Manson
Lang Park
39,348
Geoff Toovey

Monday, June 3, 1996
New South Wales  18 (Brett Mullins 2, Rod Wishart tries; Andrew Johns 3 goals)Queensland  6 (Steve Renouf try; Julian O'Neill goal)
David Manson
Sydney Football Stadium
41,955
Andrew Johns

Monday, June 17, 1996
New South Wales 15 (Andrew Ettingshausen, Brett Mullins tries; Andrew Johns 2, Rod Wishart goals; Brad Fittler field goal)Queensland 14 (Brett Dallas, Mark Coyne tries; Willie Carne 3 goals)
David Manson
Lang Park
38,217
Steve Menzies

Wednesday, May 28, 1997
New South Wales 8 (Paul McGregor try; Andrew Johns, Rod Wishart goals)Queensland 6 (Adrian Lam try; Wayne Bartrim goal)
Kelvin Jeffes
Lang Park
28,222
Geoff Toovey

Wednesday, June 11, 1997
New South Wales 15 (Jim Dymock, Ken McGuinness, Nik Kosef tries; John Simon goal; John Simon field goal)Queensland 14 (Brett Dallas, Robbie O'Davis, Matt Sing tries; Julian O'Neill goal)
David Manson
Melbourne Cricket Ground
25,105
Paul McGregor

Wednesday, June 25, 1997
Queensland 18 (Ben Ikin, Julian O'Neill, Mark Coyne tries; Julian O'Neill 3 goals)New South Wales 12 (Andrew Johns, Jamie Ainscough tries; John Simon, Andrew Johns goals)
Eddie Ward
Sydney Football Stadium
33,241
Gary Larson

Friday, May 22, 1998
Queensland 24 (Steve Price, Tonie Carroll, Allan Langer, Kevin Walters tries; Darren Lockyer 4 goals)New South Wales 23 (Laurie Daley, Tim Brasher, Steve Menzies, Rod Wishart, Brad Fittler tries; Andrew Johns goal; Andrew Johns field goal)
Bill Harrigan
Sydney Football Stadium
36,070
Allan Langer

Friday, June 5, 1998
New South Wales 26 (Paul McGregor 2, Tim Brasher, Adam MacDougall, Brad Fittler tries; Andrew Johns 3 goals)Queensland 10 (Wendell Sailor, Matt Sing tries; Darren Lockyer goal)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
40,447
Rodney Howe

Friday, June 19, 1998
Queensland 19 (Ben Ikin, Kevin Walters, Allan Langer tries; Darren Lockyer 2, Robbie O'Davis goals; Jason Smith field goal)New South Wales 4 (Ken McGuinness try)
Bill Harrigan
Sydney Football Stadium
38,952
Shane Webcke

Wednesday, May 26, 1999
Queensland 9 (Mat Rogers 4 goals; Mat Rogers field goal)New South Wales 8 (Anthony Mundine try; Ryan Girdler 2 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
38,093
Jason Hetherington

Wednesday, June 9, 1999
New South Wales 12 (Laurie Daley, Robbie Ross tries; Ryan Girdler 2 goals)Queensland 8 (Mat Rogers try; Mat Rogers 2 goals)
Steve Clark
Stadium Australia
88,336
Laurie Daley

Wednesday, June 23, 1999
Queensland 10 (Paul Green, Darren Lockyer tries; Darren Lockyer goal) drewNew South Wales 10 (Matt Geyer 2 tries; Ryan Girdler goal)
Steve Clark
Lang Park
39,371
Wendell Sailor

Wednesday, May 10, 2000
New South Wales 20 (Adam MacDougall 2, David Peachey, Ryan Girdler tries; Ryan Girdler 2 goals)Queensland 16 (Adrian Lam 2, Mat Rogers tries; Mat Rogers, Darren Lockyer goals)
Bill Harrigan
Stadium Australia
61,511
Adam MacDougall

Wednesday, May 24, 2000
New South Wales 28 (Scott Hill, David Furner, Shaun Timmins, Ryan Girdler, Brad Fittler tries; Ryan Girdler 4 goals)Queensland 10 (Gorden Tallis try; Mat Rogers 3 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
38,796
Tim Brasher

Wednesday, June 7, 2000
New South Wales 56 (Ryan Girdler 3, Matt Gidley 2, Adam MacDougall, Andrew Johns, Adam Muir, Bryan Fletcher tries; Ryan Girdler 10 goals)Queensland 16 (Mat Rogers, Gorden Tallis, David Smith tries; Mat Rogers 2 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Stadium Australia
58,767
Ryan Girdler

Sunday, May 6, 2001
Queensland 34 (Carl Webb, John Buttigieg, John Doyle, Darren Lockyer, Darren Smith, Chris Walker tries; Darren Lockyer 5 goals)New South Wales 16 (Matt Gidley, Trent Barrett, Brad Fittler tries; Michael De Vere 2 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
38,909
Gorden Tallis

Sunday, June 10, 2001
New South Wales 26 (Brad Fittler 2, Jamie Ainscough, Trent Barrett, Luke Ricketson tries; Ryan Girdler 3 goals)Queensland 8 (Chris Walker try; Darren Lockyer 2 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Stadium Australia
70,249
Trent Barrett

Sunday, July 1, 2001
Queensland 40 (Chris Walker 2, Darren Lockyer 2, Paul Bowman 2, Dane Carlaw, Allan Langer tries; Darren Lockyer 4 goals)New South Wales 14 (Ryan Girdler 2 tries; Ryan Girdler 3 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre
49,441
Darren Lockyer

Wednesday, May 22, 2002
New South Wales 32 (Brett Hodgson, Jamie Lyon, Timana Tahu, Matt Gidley, Andrew Johns tries; Andrew Johns 4, Brett Hodgson goals; Andrew Johns, Trent Barrett field goals) Queensland 4 (Lote Tuqiri try)
Bill Harrigan
Stadium Australia
55,421
Andrew Johns

Wednesday, June 5, 2002
Queensland 26 (Lote Tuqiri 3, Dane Carlaw, Gorden Tallis tries; Lote Tuqiri 3 goals)New South Wales 18 (Braith Anasta, Shaun Timmins, Luke Ricketson tries Andrew Johns 3 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre
47,989
Chris McKenna

Wednesday, June 26, 2002
Queensland 18 (Dane Carlaw, Shaun Berrigan, Lote Tuqiri, Shane Webcke tries; Lote Tuqiri goal) drewNew South Wales 18 (Jason Moodie 2, Steve Menzies tries; Andrew Johns 3 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Stadium Australia
74,842
Allan Langer

Wednesday, June 11, 2003
New South Wales 25 (Anthony Minichiello 2, Andrew Johns, Craig Wing tries; Andrew Johns 4 goals; Andrew Johns field goal)Queensland 12 (Gorden Tallis, Darren Lockyer tries; Darren Lockyer 2 goals)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
52,429
Luke Bailey

Wednesday, June 25, 2003
New South Wales 27 (Timana Tahu 2, Ben Kennedy, Matt Gidley, Anthony Minichiello tries; Andrew Johns 3 goals; Andrew Johns field goal)Queensland 4 (Michael Crocker try)
Bill Harrigan
Stadium Australia
79,132
Andrew Johns

Wednesday, July 16, 2003
Queensland 36 (Matt Sing 3, Brent Tate 2, Cameron Smith, Michael Crocker tries; Josh Hannay 4 goals)New South Wales 6 (Timana Tahu try; Andrew Johns goal)
Bill Harrigan
Lang Park
52,130
Matt Sing

Wednesday, May 26, 2004
New South Wales 9 (Shaun Timmins try; Craig Fitzgibbon 2 goals; Shaun Timmins field goal)Queensland 8 (Brent Tate, Scott Prince tries)
Sean Hampstead
Stadium Australia
68,344
Shaun Timmons

Wednesday, June 16, 2004
Queensland 22 (Billy Slater 2, Dane Carlaw, Willie Tonga tries; Cameron Smith 2, Scott Prince goals)New South Wales 18 (Timana Tahu 2, Luke Rooney tries; Craig Fitzgibbon 3 goals)
Sean Hampstead
Lang Park
52,478
Billy Slater

Wednesday, July 7, 2004
New South Wales 36 (Mark Gasnier 2, Luke Rooney, Trent Barrett, Anthony Minichiello, Brad Fittler tries; Craig Fitzgibbon 5, Mark Gasnier goals)Queensland 14 (Billy Slater, Matt Bowen tries; Cameron Smith 3 goals)
Paul Simpkins
Stadium Australia
82,487
Craig Fitzgibbon

Wednesday, May 25, 2005
Queensland 24 (Ty Williams, Michael Crocker, Matt Bowen tries; Cameron Smith 5 goals; Darren Lockyer, Johnathan Thurston field goals)New South Wales 20 (Ben Kennedy, Luke Rooney, Mark Gasnier, Danny Buderus tries; Craig Fitzgibbon 2 goals)
Paul Simpkins
Lang Park
52,484
Steve Price

Wednesday, June 15, 2005
New South Wales 32 (Anthony Minichiello 2, Matt Cooper, Danny Buderus, Steve Menzies tries; Andrew Johns 3, Craig Fitzgibbon 3 goals)Queensland 22 (Petero Civoniceva, Brad Thorn, Billy Slater, Matt Bowen tries; Cameron Smith 3 goals)
Steve Clark
Stadium Australia
82,389
Andrew Johns

Wednesday, July 6, 2005
New South Wales 32 (Matt King 3, Braith Anasta, Mark Gasnier, Timana Tahu tries; Andrew Johns 3, Craig Fitzgibbon goals)Queensland  10 (Johnathan Thurston, Matt Bowen tries; Cameron Smith goal)
Paul Simpkins
Lang Park
52,436
Anthony Minichiello

Wednesday, May 24, 2006
New South Wales 17 (Brett Finch, Matt King, Willie Mason tries; Brett Hodgson 2 goals; Brett Finch field goal)Queensland 16 (Greg Inglis 2, Steve Bell tries; Johnathan Thurston 2 goals)
Sean Hampstead
Stadium Australia
72,773
Willie Mason

Wednesday, June 14, 2006
Queensland 30 (Adam Mogg 2, Carl Webb, Justin Hodges, Shaun Berrigan tries; Johnathan Thurston 5 goals)New South Wales 6 (Timana Tahu try; Brett Hodgson goal)
Steve Clark
Lang Park
52,468
Darren Lockyer

Wednesday, July 5, 2006
Queensland 16 (Adam Mogg, Brent Tate, Darren Lockyer tries; Clinton Schifcofske 2 goals)New South Wales 14 (Eric Grothe, Jr. 2, Matt King tries; Brett Hodgson goal)
Steve Clark
Docklands Stadium
54,833
Brent Tate

Wednesday, 23 May 2007
Queensland 25 (Greg Inglis 2, Darren Lockyer, Steve Price tries; Johnathan Thurston 4 goals; Johnathan Thurston field goal)New South Wales 18 (Matt Cooper, Jarryd Hayne, Nathan Hindmarsh tries; Jamie Lyon 3 goals)
Paul Simpkins
Lang Park
52,498
Johnathan Thurston

Wednesday, June 13, 2007
Queensland 10 (Greg Inglis, Steve Bell tries; Johnathan Thurston goal)New South Wales 6 (Brett Stewart try; Jamie Lyon goal)
Shayne Hayne
Stadium Australia
76,924
Cameron Smith

Wednesday, July 4, 2007
New South Wales 18 (Jarryd Hayne, Matt King, Hazem El Masri tries; Hazem El Masri 3 goals)Queensland 4 (Justin Hodges try)
Paul Simpkins
Lang Park
52,469
Greg Bird

Wednesday, May 21, 2008
New South Wales 18 (Anthony Quinn 2, Brett Stewart, Anthony Laffranchi tries; Craig Fitzggibbon goal)Queesnland 10 (Brent Tate, Israel Folau tries; Johnathan Thurston goal)
Tony Archer
Stadium Australia
67,620
Greg Bird

Wednesday, June 11, 2008
Queensland 30 (Darius Boyd 2, Ben Hannant, Israel Folau tries; Johnathan Thurston 7 goals)New South Wales 0
Tony Archer
Lang Park
52,476
Greg Inglis

Wednesday, July 2, 2008
Queensland 16 (Israel Folau 2, Billy Slater tries; Johnathan Thurston 2 goals)New South Wales 10 (Matt Cooper try; Craig Fitzgibbon 3 goals)
Tony Archer
Stadium Australia
78,751
Israel Folau

Wednesday, June 3, 2009
Queensland 28 (Greg Inglis 2, Billy Slater, Johnathan Thurston, Darius Boyd tries; Johnathan Thurston 4 goals)New South Wales 18 (Ben Creagh, Craig Wing, Jarryd Hayne tries; Kurt Gidley 3 goals)
Tony Archer and Shayne Hayne
Docklands Stadium
50,967
Johnathan Thurston

Wednesday, June 24, 2009
Queensland 24 (Greg Inglis, Israel Folau, Darren Lockyer, Cameron Smith tries; Johnathan Thurston 4 goals)New South Wales 14 (Jarryd Hayne 2, David Williams tries; Kurt Gidley goal)
Tony Archer and Shayne Hayne
Stadium Australia
80,459
Sam Thaiday

Wednesday, July 15, 2009
New South Wales 28 (Ben Creagh 2, David Williams, Josh Morris tries; Michael Ennis 3, Kurt Gidley 3 goals)Queensland 16 (Dallas Johnson, Justin Hodges, Billy Slater tries; Johnathan Thurston 2 goals)
Tony Archer and Shayne Hayne
Lang Park
52,439
Anthony Watmough

Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Queensland 28 (Billy Slater, Darius Boyd, Greg Inglis, Darren Lockyer, Sam Thaiday tries; Johnathan Thurston 4 goals)New South Wales 24 (Jarryd Hayne, Anthony Watmough, Ben Creagh, Jamal Idris tries; Jamie Lyon 4 goals)
Tony Archer and Shayne Hayne
Stadium Australia
68,753
Johnathan Thurston

Wednesday, June 16, 2010
Queensland 34 (Israel Folau 2, Darius Boyd, Greg Inglis, Willie Tonga, Cooper Cronk tries; Johnathan Thurston 5 goals)New South Wales 6 (Brett White try; Michael Ennis goal)
Tony Archer and Shayne Hayne
Lang Park
52,452
Darren Lockyer

Wednesday, July 7, 2010
Queensland 23 (Darius Boyd, Billy Slater, Willie Tonga, Nate Myles tries; Johnathan Thurston 3 goals; Darren Lockyer field goal)New South Wales 18 (Kurt Gidley, Paul Gallen, Greg Bird tries; Michael Gordon 3 goals)
Tony Archer and Shayne Hayne
Stadium Australia
61,259
Billy Slater

Wednesday, May 25, 2011
Queensland 16 (Johnathan Thurston, Jharal Yow Yeh, Billy Slater tries; Johnathan Thurston 2 goals)New South Wales 12 (Mitchell Pearce, Michael Jennings tries; Jamie Soward 2 goals)
Tony Archer and Jared Maxwell
Lang Park
52,144
Cameron Smith

Wednesday, June 15, 2011
New South Wales 18 (Luke Lewis, Will Hopoate, Anthony Minichiello tries; Jamie Soward 3 goals)Queensland 8 (Cameron Smith try; Johnathan Thurston 2 goals)
Ben Cummins and Shayne Hayne
Stadium Australia
81,965
Paul Gallen

Wednesday, July 6, 2011
Queensland 34 (Greg Inglis 2, Cameron Smith, Billy Slater, Sam Thaiday, Jharal Yow Yeh tries; Johnathan Thurston 4, Cameron Smith goals)New South Wales 24 (Greg Bird, Jarryd Hayne, Anthony Minichiello, Akulia Uate tries; Jamie Soward 4 goals)
Tony Archer and Shayne Hayne
Lang Park
52,498
Cameron Smith

Wednesday, May 23, 2012
Queensland 18 (Darius Boyd 2, Greg Inglis tries; Johnathan Thurston 3 goals)New South Wales 10 (Akulia Uate, Michael Jennings tries; Todd Carney goal)
Ben Cummins and Matt Cecchin
Docklands Stadium
56,021
Nate Myles

Wednesday, June 13, 2012
New South Wales 16 (Brett Stewart 2, Josh Morris tries; Todd Carney 2 goals)Queensland 12 (Ben Hannant, Greg Inglis tries; Johnathan Thurston 2 goals)
Tony Archer and Ben Cummins
Stadium Australia
83,110
Greg Bird

Wednesday, July 4, 2012
Queensland 21 (Darius Boyd, Justin Hodges, Johnathan Thurston tries; Johnathan Thurston 4 goals; Cooper Cronk field goal)New South Wales 20 (Brett Morris, Josh Morris, Brett Stewart tries; Todd Carney 4 goals)
Ben Cummins and Tony Archer
Lang Park
52,437
Johnathan Thurston

Wednesday, June 5, 2013
New South Wales 14 (Jarryd Hayne, Michael Jennings tries; James Maloney 3 goals)Queensland 6 (Darius Boyd try; Cameron Smith goal)
Shayne Hayne and Ashley Klein
Stadium Australia
80,380
Luke Lewis

Wednesday, June 26, 2013
Queensland 26 (Darius Boyd 2, Greg Inglis, Sam Thaiday tries; Johnathan Thurston 5 goals)New South Wales 6 (Brett Morris try; James Maloney goal)
Shayne Hayne and Ashley Klein
Lang Park
51,690
Cameron Smith

Wednesday, July 17, 2013
Queensland 12 (Johnathan Thurston, Justin Hodges tries; Johnathan Thurston 2 goals)New South Wales 10 (James McManus, Trent Merrin tries; James Maloney goal)
Shanye Hayne and Ben Cummins
Stadium Australia
83,813
Brent Tate

Wednesday, May 28, 2014
New South Wales 12 (Brett Morris, Jarryd Hayne tries; Trent Hodkinson 2 goals)Queensland 8 (Darius Boyd 2 tries)
Shayne Hayne and Ben Cummins
Lang Park
52,111
Jarryd Hayne

Wednesday, June 18, 2014
New South Wales 6 (Trent Hodkinson try; Trent Hodkinson goal)Queensland 4 (Johnathan Thurston 2 goals)
Shayne Hayne and Ben Cummins
Stadium Australia
83,421
Paul Gallen

Wednesday, July 9, 2014
Queensland 32 (Cameron Smith, Billy Slater, Darius Boyd, Aidan Guerra, Cooper Cronk tries; Johnathan Thurston 6 goals)New South Wales 8 (Josh Dugan try; Trent Hodkinson 2 goals)
Ben Cummins and Gerard Sutton
Lang Park
50,155
Corey Parker

Wednesday, May 27, 2015
Queensland 11 (Cooper Cronk, Will Chambers tries; Johnathan Thurston goal; Cooper Cronk field goal)New South Wales 10 (Josh Morris, Beau Scott tries; Trent Hodkinson goal)
Gerard Sutton and Ben Cummins
Stadium Australia
80,122
Cameron Smith

Wednesday, June 17, 2015
New South Wales 26 (Michael Jennings, Josh Morris, Aaron Woods, Josh Dugan tries; Trent Hodkinson 5 goals)Queensland 18 (Matt Scott, Greg Inglis, Matt Gillett tries; Johnathan Thurston 3 goals)
Gerard Sutton and Ben Cummins
Melbourne Cricket Ground
91,513
Michael Jennings

Wednesday, July 8, 2015
Queensland 52 (Dane Gagai, Josh Papalii, Greg Inglis, Matt Gillett,  Michael Morgan, Darius Boyd, Will Chambers, Aidan Guerra tries; Johnathan Thurston 9, Justin Hodges goals)New South Wales 6 (Michael Jennings try; Trent Hodkinson goal)
Gerard Sutton and Ben Cummins
Lang Park
52,500
Jonathan Thurston

Wednesday, June 1, 2016
Queensland 6 (Dane Gagai try; Johnathon Thurston goal)  New South Wales 4 (Boyd Cordner try)
Gerard Sutton and Ben Cummins
Stadium Australia
80,251
Matt Gillett

Wednesday, June 22, 2016
Queensland 26 (Dane Gagai 3, Corey Oates tries; Johnathon Thurston 5 goals)  New South Wales 16 (Tyson Frizell, James Maloney tries; Adam Reynolds 3, James Maloney goals)
Gerard Sutton and Ben Cummins
Lang Park
52,293
Cameron Smith

Wednesday, July 13, 2016
New South Wales 18 (Tyson Frizell, David Fifita, Michael Jennings tries; James Maloney 2, Paul Gallen goals)  Queensland 14 (Greg Inglis, Gavin Cooper, Darius Boyd tries; Johnathan Thurston goal)
Gerard Sutton and Ben Cummins
Stadium Australia
61,267
James Maloney

Wednesday, May 31, 2017
New South Wales 28 (James Maloney, Mitchell Pearce, James Tedesco, Andrew Fifita, Jarryd Hayne tries; James Maloney 4 goals)  Queensland 4 (Corey Oates try)
Matt Cecchin and Gerard Sutton
Lang Park
50,390
Andrew Fifita

Wednesday, June 21, 2017
Queensland 18 (Dane Gagai 2, Valentine Holmes tries; Johnathan Thurston 3 goals)  New South Wales 16 (Jarryd Hayne, Brett Morris, Mitchell Pearce tries; James Maloney 2 goals)
Matt Cecchin and Gerard Sutton
Stadium Australia
82,259
Josh Jackson

Wednesday, July 12, 2017
Queensland 22 (Valentine Holmes 3, Jarrod Wallace tries;  Cameron Smith 3 goals)  New South Wales 6 (Josh Dugan try; James Maloney goal)
Matt Cecchin and Gerard Sutton
Lang Park
52,540
Cameron Smith

Wednesday, June 6, 2018
New South Wales 22 (James Tedesco, Latrell Mitchell, Tom Trbojevic, Josh Addo-Carr tries; James Maloney 3 goals)  Queensland 12 (Valentine Holmes, Dane Gagai tries; Valentine Holmes 2 goals)
Gerard Sutton and Ashley Klein
Melbourne Cricket Ground
87,122
James Tedesco

Sunday, June 24, 2018
New South Wales 18 (Josh Addo-Carr, Boyd Cordner, Latrell Mitchell tries; James Maloney 3 goals)  Queensland 14 (Valentine Holmes, Dane Gagai, Will Chambers tries; Valentine Holmes goal)
Gerard Sutton and Ashley Klein
Stadium Australia
82,223
Boyd Cordner

Wednesday, July 11, 2018
Queensland 18 (Valentine Holmes 2, Daly Cherry-Evans tries; Valentine Holmes 3 goals)  New South Wales 12 (Tom Trbojevic, James Tedesco tries; Nathan Cleary 2 goals)
Gerard Sutton and Ashley Klein
Lang Park
51,214
Billy Slater

text: One off matches[edit]

text: The matches in 1980 and 1981 were one off experimental matches after New South Wales had already won the interstate series in both years. Both games count toward official statistics, but are not considered series.

text: After Queensland had won the 1987 State of Origin series 2-1, a further game was played in Long Beach, California to showcase rugby league to the American public. On 15 July 2003 the Australian Rugby League announced that this game was to be classified as an "official match" and that the match would count towards the players' individual statistics and overall match win-loss-draw records. However, the match has not counted towards series win-loss-draw records and the 1987 series still remains a 2-1 win to Queensland.

text:
Date
Details
Referee
Ground
Crowd

8 July 1980
Queensland 20 (Kerry Boustead, Chris Close tries; Mal Meninga 7 goals)  New South Wales 10 (G. Brentnall, Tommy Raudonikis tries; Mick Cronin 2 goals)
Billy Thompson
Lang Park
33,210

28 July 1981
Queensland 22 (Mal Meninga, Wally Lewis, Brad Backer, Chris Close tries; Mal Meninga 5 goals)  New South Wales 15 (Eric Grothe, Sr. 2, Mick Cronin tries; Mick Cronin 3 goals)
Kevin Steele
Lang Park
25,613

6 August 1987
New South Wales 30 (Mark McGaw, Jonathan Docking, Andrew Ettingshausen, Michael O'Connor, Cliff Lyons tries; Michael O'Connor 5 goals)  Queensland  18 (Dale Shearer, Tony Currie, Gene Miles tries; Dale Shearer 3 goals)
Mick Stone
Veterans Memorial Stadium
12,432

text: 2018 winners NSW

text: Super League[edit]

text: New South Wales and Queensland played two matches against each other under State of Origin selection rules using players from the Super League (Australia) competition. These matches were not sanctioned by the Australian Rugby League and are not counted as official State of Origin series matches. The Tri-series also included both sides playing a game against New Zealand.

text:
Date
Details
Referee
Ground
Crowd

11 April 1997
New South Wales 38 (Andrew Ettingshausen 3, Ken Nagas 2, David Peachey, Greg Alexander tries; Ryan Girdler 5 goals)  Queensland 10 (Wendell Sailor, Peter Ryan tries; Mat Rogers goal)
Bill Harrigan
Sydney Football Stadium
26,731

19 May 1997
New South Wales 23 (Brett Mullins 3, Matthew Ryan tries; David Furner 3 goals; Noel Goldthorpe field goal)  Queensland 22 (Steve Renouf 2, Tonie Carroll, Michael Hancock tries; Mat Rogers 2, Darren Lockyer goals)
Bill Harrigan
Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre
35,570

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Series[edit]

text:
Earliest start: 3 May (1993)
Latest finish: 23 July (1985)
Largest aggregate crowd: 224,135 (2015)
With 2 games in Queensland: 187,374 (2005)[1]
Smallest Crowd: 67,003 (1982)
Series Wins QLD: 21
Series Wins NSW: 14
Series Drawn:    2

text: Matches[edit]

text:
Largest crowd: 91,513 at Melbourne Cricket Ground (Match 2, 2015)
Smallest crowd: 16,559 at Lang Park (match 3, 1984), 12,439 at Veteran's Stadium, Los Angeles, USA (1987)
Most points scored: 72, New South Wales d. Queensland 56-16 (match 3, 2000)
Least points scored: 2, Queensland d. New South Wales 2-0 (match 1, 1995)
Total points scored: 1457 Queensland, 1459 New South Wales (including game 1, 2012)
Most consecutive wins: 8, Queensland (match 2, 1987 - match 3, 1989)
New South Wales wins: 47
Queensland wins: 60* extra matches for Union
Drawn matches: 2
Largest winning margin. 46, Queensland d. New South Wales 52-6 (Match 3, 2015)

text: Grounds[edit]

text: Since 1988 either New South Wales or Queensland usually hosts two of the three matches on a rotational basis. Prior to this Queensland hosted two matches every year. In 1990, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015 one of the matches was played in Melbourne. The following venues have hosted State of Origin matches since 1980.

text:
Venue
City
Number of Games
Highest Crowd
Lowest Crowd

Lang Park
Brisbane
54
52,540
16,559

Stadium Australia
Sydney
26
88,336
55,421

Sydney Football Stadium
Sydney
14
41,955
16,910

Sydney Cricket Ground
Sydney
6
42,048
20,242

Melbourne Cricket Ground
Melbourne
4
91,513
25,105

Docklands Stadium
Melbourne
3
56,021
50,967

Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre
Brisbane
2
49,441
47,989

Olympic Park Stadium
Melbourne
1
25,800
–

Veterans Memorial Stadium
Long Beach, California
1
12,439
–

text: Players[edit]

text: Individual records[edit]

text:
Most tries in a match: 3 – Chris Anderson (Game 3, 1983), Kerry Boustead (Game 1, 1984), Ryan Girdler (Game 3, 2000), Lote Tuqiri (Game 2, 2002), Matt Sing (Game 3, 2003), Matt King (Game 3, 2005), Dane Gagai (Game 2, 2016), Valentine Holmes (Game 3, 2017).
Most goals in a match: 10 – Ryan Girdler (Game 3, 2000)
Most field goals in a match: 2 – Ben Elias (Game 3, 1994)
Most points in a match: 32 – Ryan Girdler (Game 3, 2000)
Most appearances: 42 – Cameron Smith (2003–Present)
Most consecutive matches: 36 – Johnathan Thurston (Game 1, 2005 – Game 3, 2016)
Most tries in State of Origin career: 17 – Greg Inglis (2006–Present)
Most points in State of Origin career: 212 (5 tries, 102 goals, 2 field goals) – Johnathan Thurston (2005–2017)
Oldest player: Petero Civoniceva (36 years and 73 days – Game 3, 2012)
Youngest player: Ben Ikin (18 years and 83 days – Game 1, 1995)
Most wins as a player: Cameron Smith 27 games to Game III 2017

text: Most Appearances[edit]

text: Queensland

text:
42 - Cameron Smith (2003-2017)
37 - Johnathan Thurston (2005-2017)
36 - Darren Lockyer (1998-2007, 2009-2011)
34 - Allan Langer (1987-1994, 1996, 1998, 2001-2002)
33 - Petero Civoniceva (2001-2012)
32 - Mal Meninga (1980-1986, 1989-1994)
32 - Nate Myles (2006-2016)
32 - Greg Inglis (2006-2018)
31 - Wally Lewis (1980-1991)
29 - Steve Price (1998-2000, 2002-2009)
29 - Sam Thaiday (2006-2017)
29 - Billy Slater (2004-2005, 2008-2015, 2017)
28 - Darius Boyd (2008-2017)
26 - Dale Shearer (1985-1987, 1989-1993, 1995-1996)
25 - Bob Lindner (1984-1993)
24 - Brandon Shelswell (2002–04, 2006–09, 2011–15)

text: New South Wales

text:
31 - Brad Fittler (1990-1996, 1998-2001, 2004)
27 - Andrew Ettingshausen (1987-1994, 1996, 1998)
24 - Paul Gallen (2006-2016)
23 - Laurie Daley (1989-1994, 1996, 1998-1999)
23 - Andrew Johns (1995-2000, 2002-2003, 2005)
22 - Jarryd Hayne (2007-2014, 2017)
22 - Rod Wishart (1990-1998)
21 - Danny Buderus (2002-2008)
21 - Steven Menzies (1995-1998, 2001-2002, 2005–2006)
21 - Tim Brasher (1992-1998, 2000)
20 - Paul Harragon (1992-1998)
19 - Glen Lazarus (1989-1994, 1996, 1998-1999)
19 - Ben Elias (1985, 1988, 1990-1994)
19 - Michael O'Connor (1985-1991)

text: Man of the Match awards[edit]

text:
Player
State
Number of awards

Wally Lewis
Queensland
8

Cameron Smith
Queensland
7

Johnathan Thurston
Queensland
5

Peter Sterling1
New South Wales
4

Allan Langer
Queensland
4

Andrew Johns
New South Wales
4

Ricky Stuart
New South Wales
3

Ben Elias
New South Wales
3

Darren Lockyer
Queensland
3

Greg Bird
New South Wales
3

Chris Close
Queensland
2

Sam Backo
Queensland
2

Martin Bella
Queensland
2

Bob Lindner
Queensland
2

Geoff Toovey
New South Wales
2

Gary Larson
Queensland
2

Tim Brasher
New South Wales
2

Billy Slater
Queensland
2

Brent Tate
Queensland
2

Paul Gallen
New South Wales
2

Mal Meninga
Queensland
1

Rod Morris
Queensland
1

Steve Mortimer
New South Wales
1

Peter Wynn
New South Wales
1

Wally Fullerton-Smith
Queensland
1

Royce Simmons
New South Wales
1

Brett Kenny
New South Wales
1

Les Davidson
New South Wales
1

Kerrod Walters
Queensland
1

Steve Walters
Queensland
1

Dale Shearer
Queensland
1

Willie Carne
Queensland
1

Paul Harragon
New South Wales
1

Jason Smith
Queensland
1

Adrian Lam
Queensland
1

Steve Menzies
New South Wales
1

Paul McGregor
New South Wales
1

Rodney Howe
New South Wales
1

Shane Webcke
Queensland
1

Jason Hetherington
Queensland
1

Laurie Daley
New South Wales
1

Wendell Sailor
Queensland
1

Adam MacDougall
New South Wales
1

Ryan Girdler
New South Wales
1

Gorden Tallis
Queensland
1

Trent Barrett
New South Wales
1

Chris McKenna
Queensland
1

Luke Bailey
New South Wales
1

Matt Sing
Queensland
1

Shaun Timmins
New South Wales
1

Craig Fitzgibbon
New South Wales
1

Steve Price
Queensland
1

Anthony Minichiello
New South Wales
1

Willie Mason
New South Wales
1

Greg Inglis
Queensland
1

Israel Folau
Queensland
1

Sam Thaiday
Queensland
1

Anthony Watmough
New South Wales
1

Nate Myles
Queensland
1

Luke Lewis
New South Wales
1

Jarryd Hayne
New South Wales
1

Corey Parker
Queensland
1

Michael Jennings
New South Wales
1

Matt Gillett
Queensland
1

Andrew Fifita
New South Wales
1

Josh Jackson
New South Wales
1

text: Wally Lewis Medal[edit]

text: From 1992 to 2003 the Wally Lewis Medal was awarded by the Queensland Rugby League for the Queensland player of the series. Since 2004 it has been awarded to the player of the series, irrespective of state. The following players have been awarded the Wally Lewis Medal for player of the series.1

text:
Year
Player
State

2004
Craig Fitzgibbon
New South Wales

2005
Anthony Minichiello
New South Wales

2006
Darren Lockyer
Queensland

2007
Cameron Smith
Queensland

2008
Johnathan Thurston
Queensland

2009
Greg Inglis
Queensland

2010
Billy Slater
Queensland

2011
Cameron Smith
Queensland

2012
Nate Myles
Queensland

2013
Cameron Smith
Queensland

2014
Paul Gallen
New South Wales

2015
Corey Parker
Queensland

2016
Cameron Smith
Queensland

2017
Dane Gagai
Queensland

2018
Billy Slater
Queensland

text: Ron McAuliffe Medal[edit]

text: The following players have been awarded the Ron McAuliffe Medal for Queensland player of the series. From 1992 to 2003, the award was the "Wally Lewis Medal", however after 2003, this medal was dedicated to the player of the series from both teams, and thus the award for Queensland Player of the Series was awarded with the "Ron McAuliffe" Medal.

text:
Year
Player

1992
Allan Langer

1993
Bob Lindner

1994
Billy Moore

1995
Gary Larson

1996
Allan Langer

1997
Robbie O'Davis

1998
Allan Langer

1999
Jason Hetherington

2000
Darren Smith

2001
Darren Lockyer

2002
Shane Webcke

2003
Darren Lockyer

2004
Steve Price

2005
Cameron Smith

2006
Darren Lockyer

2007
Cameron Smith

2008
Petero Civoniceva

2009
Greg Inglis

2010
Sam Thaiday

2011
Petero Civoniceva

2012
Nate Myles

2013
Cameron Smith

2014
Nate Myles

2015
Cameron Smith

2016
Darius Boyd

2017
Josh McGuire

text: Brad Fittler Medal[edit]

text: The following players have been awarded the Brad Fittler Medal for New South Wales player of the series.

text:
Year
Player

2005
Matt King

2006
Steve Menzies

2007
Jarryd Hayne

2008
Danny Buderus

2009
Jarryd Hayne

2010
Kurt Gidley

2011
Paul Gallen

2012
Robbie Farah

2013
Greg Bird

2014
Jarryd Hayne & Ryan Hoffman

2015
Josh Dugan

2016
Josh Jackson

2017
David Klemmer

text: New South Wales captains[edit]

text:
Years
Name
Matches

2011–2016
Paul Gallen
15

2004–2008
Danny Buderus
15

1995–1996, 1999–2001
Brad Fittler
14

1992–1994, 1998–1999
Laurie Daley
13

1985–1988
Wayne Pearce
10

2002–2003
Andrew Johns
6

1982–1983
Max Krilich
6

1990–1991
Ben Elias
6

2009–2010
Kurt Gidley
5

2017–
Boyd Cordner
5

1984–1985
Steve Mortimer
4

1989
Gavin Miller
3

1997
Geoff Toovey
3

1984
Ray Price
2

2013, 2015
Robbie Farah
2

1980
Tommy Raudonikis
1

1981
Steve Rogers
1

2010
Trent Barrett
1

text: Queensland captains[edit]

text:
Years
Name
Matches

1981–1991
Wally Lewis
29

2001, 2004–2007, 2009–2011
Darren Lockyer
22

2008, 2012–2017
Cameron Smith
17

1992–1994
Mal Meninga
9

1997, 1999–2000
Adrian Lam
8

2001–2003
Gorden Tallis
7

1996, 1998
Allan Langer
5

1995–1996
Trevor Gillmeister
4

1988, 1990
Paul Vautin
2

2018-Present
Greg Inglis
2

1980
Arthur Beetson
1

1999
Kevin Walters
1

2004
Shane Webcke
1

text: Coaches[edit]

text: New South Wales[edit]

text:
Name
Won
Lost
Draw

Ted Glossop (1980-1981, 1983)
1
4
0

Frank Stanton (1982, 1984)
2
4
0

Terry Fearnley (1985)
2
1
0

Ron Willey (1986–1987)
5
2
0

John Peard (1988)
0
3
0

Jack Gibson (1989-1990)
2
4
0

Tim Sheens (1991)
1
2
0

Phil Gould (1992-1996, 2002-2004)
14
9
1

Tom Raudonikis (1997-1998)
3
3
0

Wayne Pearce (1999-2001)
5
3
1

Ricky Stuart (2005, 2011-2012)
4
5
0

Graham Murray (2006-2007)
2
4
0

Craig Bellamy (2008-2010)
2
7
0

Laurie Daley (2013–2017)
6
7
0

Brad Fittler (2018–)
2
0
0

text: Queensland[edit]

text:
Name
Won
Lost
Draw

John MacDonald (1980)
1
0
0

Arthur Beetson (1981-1984, 1989-1990)
11
5
0

Des Morris (1985)
1
2
0

Wayne Bennett (1986-1988, 1998, 2001-2003)
11
10
1

Graham Lowe (1991-1992)
3
3
0

Wally Lewis (1993-1994)
2
4
0

Paul Vautin (1995-1997)
4
5
0

Mark Murray (1999-2000)
1
4
1

Michael Hagan (2004-2005)
2
4
0

Mal Meninga (2006-2015)
22
11
0

Kevin Walters (2016–Present)
4
2
0

text: Referees[edit]

text: The following referees have controlled State of Origin series matches.

text:
Name
State/Country
Games
NSW wins
Qld wins
Drawn

Bill Harrigan1
New South Wales
21
9
11
1

Ben Cummins
New South Wales
14
6
8
0

David Manson
Queensland and New South Wales and Victoria
10
7
3
0

Tony Archer
New South Wales
10
2
8
0

Shayne Hayne
New South Wales
10
2
8
0

Barry Gomersall
Queensland
9
2
7
0

Gerard Sutton
New South Wales
7
3
4
0

Kevin Roberts
New South Wales
6
5
1
0

Greg McCallum
New South Wales
5
2
3
0

Eddie Ward
Queensland
5
2
3
0

Steven Clark
New South Wales
5
2
2
1

Paul Simpkins
New South Wales
4
2
2
0

Michael Stone2
New South Wales
3
1
2
0

Sean Hampstead
New South Wales
3
2
1
0

Matt Cecchin
New South Wales
2
1
1
0

Graham Annesley
New South Wales
1
1
0
0

John Gocher
New South Wales
1
1
0
0

Kelvin Jeffes
New South Wales
1
1
0
0

Kevin Steel
New Zealand
1
0
1
0

Billy Thompson
Great Britain
1
0
1
0

Robin Whitfield
Great Britain
1
0
1
0

Don Wilson
New Zealand
1
0
1
0

Jared Maxwell
New South Wales
1
0
1
0

text: Bill Harrigan also refereed both matches between New South Wales and Queensland in the Super League Tri-series.

text: Most games in a row: 12 (Bill Harrigan)


document_title: Fuel cell vehicle

question_text: when was the first hydrogen fuel cell created

root

text: Fuel cell vehicle

text: Description and purpose of fuel cells in vehicles[edit]

text: All fuel cells are made up of three parts: an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode.[2]  In principle, a hydrogen fuel cell functions like a battery, producing electricity, which can run an electric motor.  Instead of requiring recharging, however, the fuel cell can be refilled with hydrogen.[3]  Different types of fuel cells include polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells, direct methanol fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, reformed methanol fuel cell and Regenerative Fuel Cells.[4]

tag: p

text: History[edit]

text: The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Humphry Davy in 1801, but the invention of the first working fuel cell is credited to William Grove, a chemist, lawyer, and physicist.  Grove's experiments with what he called a "gas voltaic battery" proved in 1842 that an electric current could be produced by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen over a platinum catalyst.[6] The first modern fuel cell vehicle was a modified Allis-Chalmers farm tractor, fitted with a 15 kilowatt fuel cell, around 1959.[7]  The Cold War Space Race drove further development of fuel cell technology.  Project Gemini tested fuel cells to provide electrical power during manned space missions.[8][9]  Fuel cell development continued with the Apollo Program.  The electrical power systems in the Apollo capsules and lunar modules used alkali fuel cells.[8]  In 1966, General Motors developed the first fuel cell road vehicle, the Chevrolet Electrovan.[10] It had a PEM fuel cell, a range of 120 miles and a top speed of 70 mph. There were only two seats, as the fuel cell stack and large tanks of hydrogen and oxygen took up the rear portion of the van. Only one was built, as the project was deemed cost-prohibitive.[11]

text: General Electric and others continued working on PEM fuel cells in the 1970s.[8] Fuel cell stacks were still limited principally to space applications in the 1980s, including the Space Shuttle.[8] However, the closure of the Apollo Program sent many industry experts to private companies. By the 1990s, automobile manufacturers were interested in fuel cell applications, and demonstration vehicles were readied. In 2001, the first 700 Bar (10000 PSI) hydrogen tanks were demonstrated, reducing the size of the fuel tanks that could be used in vehicles and extending the range.[12]

text: Applications[edit]

text: There are fuel cell vehicles for all modes of transport.  The most prevalent fuel cell vehicles are cars, buses, forklifts and material handling vehicles.[13]

text: Automobiles[edit]

text: The Honda FCX Clarity concept car was introduced in 2008 for leasing by customers in Japan and Southern California and discontinued by 2015. From 2008 to 2014, Honda leased a total of 45 FCX units in the US.[14] Over 20 other FCEVs prototypes and demonstration cars were released in that time period,[15] including the GM HydroGen4,[10] and Mercedes-Benz F-Cell.

text: The Hyundai ix35 FCEV Fuel Cell vehicle has been available for lease since 2014,[16] when 54 units were leased.[17]

text: Sales of the Toyota Mirai to government and corporate customers began in Japan in December 2014.[18] Pricing started at ¥6,700,000 (~US$57,400) before taxes and a government incentive of ¥2,000,000 (~US$19,600).[19] Former European Parliament President Pat Cox estimated that Toyota initially would lose about $100,000 on each Mirai sold.[20] As of  December 2017[update], global sales totaled 5,300 Mirais. The top selling markets were the U.S. with 2,900 units, Japan with 2,100 and Europe with 200.[21]

text: Retail deliveries of the 2017 Honda Clarity Fuel Cell began in California in December 2016.[22] The Clarity Fuel Cell, with range of 366 mi (589 km), has the highest EPA driving range rating of any zero-emissions vehicle in the U.S., including fuel cell and battery electric vehicles.[22] The 2017 Clarity also has the highest combined and city fuel economy ratings among all hydrogen fuel cell cars rated by the EPA, with a combined city/highway rating of 67 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGe), and 68 MPGe in city driving.[23]

text: In 2017 Daimler phased out of its FCEV development, citing declining battery costs and increasing range of EVs,[24] and most of the automobile companies developing hydrogen cars had switched their focus to battery electric vehicles.[25]

text: Fuel economy[edit]

text: The following table compares EPA's fuel economy expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGe) for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles rated by the EPA as of  December 2016[update], and available only in California.[23]

text:
Comparison of fuel economy expressed in MPGe for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles  available for leasing in California and rated by  the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as of  October 2016[update][23][26]

Vehicle
Model year
Combined fuel economy
City fuel economy
Highwayfuel economy
Range
Annualfuel cost

Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell
2017
49 mpg-e
48 mpg-e
50 mpg-e
265 mi (426 km)
US$1,700

Toyota Mirai
2016
66 mpg-e
66 mpg-e
66 mpg-e
312 mi (502 km)
US$1,250

Honda Clarity Fuel Cell
2017
67 mpg-e
68 mpg-e
66 mpg-e
366 mi (589 km)
-

Notes: One kg of hydrogen has roughly the same energy content as one U.S. gallon of gasoline.[27]

tag: table

text: List of models produced[edit]

text:
List of modern fuel cell automobiles, pickups, vans and SUVs commercially produced(1990–2015)

Model
Production
Original MRSP(2)/Lease per month(current $)
Range
Comments

Models out of production

Honda FCX-V4
2002-2007
Leasing onlyUS$11,500[28]
160 mi (260 km)[29]to 190 mi (310 km)[30]
First fuel-cell vehicle to be approved for American roads by the Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board, with subsequent leasing in California. Also approved for Japanese roads by Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.[31] Approximately 30 leased in the Los Angeles area and Tokyo.[32] Leasing later expanded to 50 states.[30]

Ford Focus FCV
2003-2006
Leasing onlyunknown
200 mi (320 km)[33]
Initially planned to be leased across 50 states,[29] it was eventually only leased in California, Florida and Canada.[30]

Nissan X-Trail FCV 04
2003-2013
Leasing only¥1,000,000[34](US$8,850)
350 km (220 mi)[34]
Leased to businesses and government entities in Japan and California.[35][36]

Mercedes-Benz F-Cell (A-Class based)
2005-2007
Leasing onlyunknown
100 mi (160 km)[33]to 110 mi (180 km)[37]
100 leased around the world.[38]

Chevrolet Equinox FC
2007-2009
Leasing only
190 mi (310 km)[39]
Leased in California and New York.

Honda FCX Clarity
2008-2015
Leasing onlyUS$600
280 mi (450 km)[40]later 240 mi (390 km)[41]and 231 mi (372 km)[42]
Leased in the United States, Europe and Japan.

Mercedes-Benz F-Cell (B-Class based)
2010-2014
Leasing onlyUS$850
190 mi (310 km)[41]
Leased in southern California.[41]

Models in production

Hyundai Tucson FCEV
2014–present
Leasing onlyUS$599[43]
265 mi (426 km)[44]
Leased in South Korea, California, Europe and Vancouver.

Toyota Mirai
2015–present
Sales and leasingUS$58,500[45]
312 mi (502 km)[44]
Sold and leased in Japan, California, Europe and United Arab Emirates. As of  15 February 2017[update], global sales totaled 2,840 units since inception.[46]

Honda Clarity
2016–present
Leasing onlyUS$369[47]
300 mi (480 km)[47]
Leased in Japan, Southern California, Europe.[47][48]

Hyundai Nexo
2018–present
-
370 mi (600 km)[49]
Sold in South Korea.

text: Fuel cells powered by an ethanol reformer[edit]

text: In June 2016, Nissan announced plans to develop fuel cell vehicles powered by ethanol rather than hydrogen. Nissan claims this technical approach would be cheaper, and that it would be easier to deploy the fueling infrastructure than a hydrogen infrastructure.[50] The vehicle would include a tank holding a blend of water and ethanol, which is fed into an onboard reformer that splits it into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen is then fed into a solid oxide fuel cell. According to Nissan, the liquid fuel could be an ethanol-water blend at a 55:45 ratio. Nissan expects to  commercialize its technology by 2020.[50]

text: Buses[edit]

text: There are also demonstration models of buses,[51] and in 2011 there were over 100 fuel cell buses deployed around the world. Most of these buses were produced by UTC Power, Toyota, Ballard, Hydrogenics, and Proton Motor. UTC buses had accumulated over 970,000 km (600,000 mi) of driving.[52] Fuel cell buses have a 30-141% higher fuel economy than diesel buses and natural gas buses.[53] Fuel cell buses have been deployed in Whistler Canada, San Francisco US, Hamburg Germany, Shanghai China, London England, São Paulo Brazil and several other cities.[54] The Whistler project was discontinued in 2015.[55] The Fuel Cell Bus Club is a global cooperative effort in trial fuel cell buses. Notable Projects Include:

text:
12 Fuel cell buses were deployed in the Oakland and San Francisco Bay area of California.[54]
Daimler AG, with thirty-six experimental buses powered by Ballard Power Systems fuel cells, completed a successful three-year trial, in eleven cities, in 2007.[56][57]
A fleet of Thor buses with UTC Power fuel cells was deployed in California, operated by SunLine Transit Agency.[58]
The first hydrogen fuel cell bus prototype in Brazil was deployed in São Paulo. The bus was manufactured in Caxias do Sul, and the hydrogen fuel was to be produced in São Bernardo do Campo from water through electrolysis. The program, called "Ônibus Brasileiro a Hidrogênio" (Brazilian Hydrogen Autobus), included three buses.[59][60]

tag: ul

text: Forklifts[edit]

text: A fuel cell forklift (also called a fuel cell lift truck or a fuel cell forklift) is a fuel cell-powered industrial forklift truck used to lift and transport materials. Most fuel cells used in forklifts are powered by PEM fuel cells.[61]

text: In 2013 there were over 4,000 fuel cell forklifts used in material handling in the US[62] from which only 500 received funding from DOE (2012).[63][64] Fuel cell fleets are operated by a large number of companies, including Sysco Foods, FedEx Freight, GENCO (at Wegmans, Coca-Cola, Kimberly Clark, and Whole Foods), and H-E-B Grocers.[65] Europe demonstrated 30 fuel cell forklifts with Hylift and extended it with HyLIFT-EUROPE to 200 units,[66] with other projects in France[67][68] and Austria.[69] Pike Research stated in 2011 that fuel-cell-powered forklifts will be the largest driver of hydrogen fuel demand by 2020.[70]

text: PEM fuel-cell-powered forklifts provide significant benefits over petroleum powered forklifts as they produce no local emissions. Fuel-cell forklifts can work for a full 8-hour shift on a single tank of hydrogen, can be refueled in 3 minutes and have a lifetime of 8–10 years. Fuel cell-powered forklifts are often used in refrigerated warehouses as their performance is not degraded by lower temperatures.[71] In design the FC units are often made as drop-in replacements.[72][73]

text: Motorcycles and bicycles[edit]

text: In 2005 the British firm Intelligent Energy produced the first ever working hydrogen run motorcycle called the ENV (Emission Neutral Vehicle). The motorcycle holds enough fuel to run for four hours, and to travel 160 km (100 mi) in an urban area, at a top speed of 80 km/h (50 mph).[74] In 2004 Honda developed a fuel-cell motorcycle which utilized the Honda FC Stack.[75][76]  There are other examples of bikes[77] and bicycles[78] with a hydrogen fuel cell engine. The Suzuki Burgman received "whole vehicle type" approval in the EU.[79] The Taiwanese company APFCT conducts a live street test with 80 fuel cell scooters[80] for Taiwans Bureau of Energy using the fueling system from Italy's Acta SpA.[81]

text: Airplanes[edit]

text:
Boeing researchers and industry partners throughout Europe conducted experimental flight tests in February 2008 of a manned airplane powered only by a fuel cell and lightweight batteries. The Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane, as it was called, used a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid system to power an electric motor, which was coupled to a conventional propeller.[82]
In 2003, the world's first propeller driven airplane to be powered entirely by a fuel cell was flown.  The fuel cell was a unique FlatStack stack design which allowed the fuel cell to be integrated with the aerodynamic surfaces of the plane.[83]

text: There have been several fuel cell powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).  A Horizon fuel cell UAV set the record distance flow for a small UAV in 2007.[84] The military is especially interested in this application because of the low noise, low thermal signature and ability to attain high altitude. In 2009 the Naval Research Laboratory’s (NRL’s) Ion Tiger utilized a hydrogen-powered fuel cell and flew for 23 hours and 17 minutes.[85]  Boeing is completing tests on the Phantom Eye, a high-altitude, long endurance (HALE) to be used to conduct research and surveillance flying at 20,000 m (65,000 ft) for up to four days at a time.[86]  Fuel cells are also being used to provide auxiliary power for aircraft, replacing fossil fuel generators that were previously used to start the engines  and power on board electrical needs.[86] Fuel cells can help airplanes reduce CO2 and other pollutant emissions and noise.

text: Boats[edit]

text: The world's first Fuel Cell Boat HYDRA used an AFC system with 6.5 kW net output. For each liter of fuel consumed, the average outboard motor produces 140 times less[citation needed] the hydrocarbons produced by the average modern car.  Fuel cell engines have higher energy efficiencies than combustion engines, and therefore offer better range and significantly reduced emissions.[87]  Iceland has committed to converting its vast fishing fleet to use fuel cells to provide auxiliary power by 2015 and, eventually, to provide primary power in its boats. Amsterdam recently introduced its first fuel cell powered boat that ferries people around the city's famous and beautiful canals.[88]

text: Submarines[edit]

text: The first submersible application of fuel cells is the German Type 212 submarine.[89]  Each Type 212 contains nine PEM fuel cells, spread throughout the ship, providing between 30 kW and 50 kW each of electrical power.[90]  This allows the Type 212 to remain submerged longer and makes them more difficult to detect. Fuel cell powered submarines are also easier to design, manufacture, and maintain than nuclear-powered submarines.[91]

text: Trains[edit]

text: In March 2015, China South Rail Corporation (CSR) demonstrated the world's first hydrogen fuel cell-powered tramcar at an assembly facility in Qingdao. The chief engineer of the CSR subsidiary CSR Sifang Co Ltd., Liang Jianying, said that the company is studying how to reduce the running costs of the tram.[92] A total of 83 miles of tracks for the new vehicle have been built in seven Chinese cities. China plans to spend 200 billion yuan ($32 billion) over the next five years to increase tram tracks to more than 1,200 miles.[93]

text: In 2016, Alstom debuted the Coradia iLint, a regional train powered by hydrogen fuel cells that will be the world's first production hydrogen-powered trainset. The Coradia iLint will be able to reach 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph) and travel 600–800 kilometres (370–500 mi) on a full tank of hydrogen.[94] The first Coradia iLint is expected to enter service in December 2017 on the Buxtehude-Bremervörde-Bremerhaven-Cuxhaven line in Lower Saxony, Germany.[95]

text: Hydrogen infrastructure[edit]

text: Eberle and Rittmar von Helmolt stated in 2010 that challenges remain before fuel cell cars can become competitive with other technologies and cite the lack of an extensive hydrogen infrastructure in the U.S.:[96] As of  July 2017[update], there were 36 publicly accessible hydrogen refueling stations in the US, 32 of which were located in California.[97] In 2013, Governor Jerry Brown signed AB 8, a bill to fund $20 million a year for 10 years to build up to 100 stations.[98] In 2014 the California Energy Commission funded $46.6 million to build 28 stations.[99]

text: Japan got its first commercial hydrogen fueling station in 2014.[100] By March 2016, Japan had 80 hydrogen fueling stations, and the Japanese government aims to double this number to 160 by 2020.[101] In May 2017, there were 91 hydrogen fueling stations in Japan.[102] Germany had 18 public hydrogen fueling stations in July 2015. The German government hoped to increase this number to 50 by end of 2016,[103] but only 30 were open in June 2017.[104]

text: Codes and standards[edit]

text: Fuel cell vehicle is a classification in FC Hydrogen codes and standards and fuel cell codes and standards[105] other main standards are Stationary fuel cell applications and Portable fuel cell applications.

text: US programs[edit]

text: In 2003 US President George Bush proposed the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (HFI). The HFI aimed to further develop hydrogen fuel cells and infrastructure technologies to accelerate the commercial introduction of fuel cell vehicles. By 2008, the U.S. had contributed 1 billion dollars to this project.[106]  In 2009, Steven Chu, then the US Secretary of Energy, asserted that hydrogen vehicles "will not be practical over the next 10 to 20 years".[107][108]  In 2012, however, Chu stated that he saw fuel cell cars as more economically feasible as natural gas prices had fallen and hydrogen reforming technologies had improved.[109][110] In June 2013 the California Energy Commission granted $18.7M for hydrogen fueling stations.[111] In 2013 Governor Brown signed AB 8, a bill to fund $20 million a year for 10 years for up to 100 stations.[98] In 2013 the US DOE announced up to $4 million planned for "continued  development of advanced hydrogen storage systems".[112]  On May 13, 2013 the Energy Department launched H2USA, which is focused on advancing hydrogen infrastructure in the US.[113]

text: Cost[edit]

text: By 2010, advancements in fuel cell technology had reduced the size, weight and cost of fuel cell electric vehicles.[114] In 2010,  the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) estimated that the cost of automobile fuel cells had fallen 80% since 2002 and that such fuel cells could potentially be manufactured for $51/kW, assuming high-volume manufacturing cost savings.[115] Fuel cell electric vehicles have been produced with "a driving range of more than 250 miles between refueling".[115]  They can be refueled in less than 5 minutes.[116]  Deployed fuel cell buses have a 40% higher fuel economy than diesel buses.[114] EERE’s Fuel Cell Technologies Program claims that, as of 2011, fuel cells achieved a 42 to 53% fuel cell electric vehicle efficiency at full power,[114] and a durability of over 75,000 miles with less than 10% voltage degradation, double that achieved in 2006.[115] In 2012, Lux Research, Inc. issued a report that concluded that "Capital cost ... will limit adoption to a mere 5.9 GW" by 2030, providing "a nearly insurmountable barrier to adoption, except in niche applications".  Lux's analysis concluded that by 2030, PEM stationary fuel cell applications will reach $1 billion, while the vehicle market, including fuel cell forklifts, will reach a total of $2 billion.[117]

text: Environmental impact[edit]

text: The environmental impact of fuel cell vehicles depends on the primary energy with which the hydrogen was produced. Fuel cell vehicles are only environmentally benign when the hydrogen was produced with renewable energy.[118] If this is the case fuel cell cars are cleaner and more efficient than fossil fuel cars. However, they are not as efficient as battery electric vehicles which consume much less energy.[119] Usually a fuel cell car consumes 2.4 times more energy than a battery electric car, because electrolysis and storage of hydrogen is much less efficient than using electricity to directly load a battery.[118]

text: As of 2009, motor vehicles used most of the petroleum consumed in the U.S. and produced over 60% of the carbon monoxide emissions and about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, however production of hydrogen for hydro cracking used in gasoline production chief amongst its industrial uses was responsible for approximately 10% of fleet wide greenhouse gas emissions.[120]  In contrast, a vehicle fueled with pure hydrogen emits few pollutants, producing mainly water and heat, although the production of the hydrogen would create pollutants unless the hydrogen used in the fuel cell were produced using only renewable energy.[121]

text: In a 2005 Well-to-Wheels analysis, the DOE estimated that fuel cell electric vehicles using hydrogen produced from natural gas would result in emissions of approximately 55% of the CO2 per mile of internal combustion engine vehicles and have approximately 25% less emissions than hybrid vehicles.[122] In 2006, Ulf Bossel stated that the large amount of energy required to isolate hydrogen from natural compounds (water, natural gas, biomass), package the light gas by compression or liquefaction, transfer the energy carrier to the user, plus the energy lost when it is converted to useful electricity with fuel cells, leaves around 25% for practical use."[123] Richard Gilbert, co-author of Transport Revolutions: Moving People and Freight without Oil (2010), comments similarly, that producing hydrogen gas ends up using some of the energy it creates. Then, energy is taken up by converting the hydrogen back into electricity within fuel cells. "'This means that only a quarter of the initially available energy reaches the electric motor' ... Such losses in conversion don't stack up well against, for instance, recharging an electric vehicle (EV) like the Nissan Leaf or Chevy Volt from a wall socket".[124][125] A 2010 Well-to-wheels analysis of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles report from Argonne National Laboratory states that renewable H2 pathways offer much larger green house gas benefits.[126] This result has recently been confirmed.[118] In 2010 a US DOE Well-to-Wheels publication assumed that the efficiency of the single step of compressing hydrogen to 6,250 psi (43.1 MPa) at the refueling station is 94%.[127] A 2016 study in the November issue of the journal Energy by scientists at Stanford University and the Technical University of Munich concluded that, even assuming local hydrogen production,"investing in all-electric battery vehicles is a more economical choice for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, primarily due to their lower cost and significantly higher energy efficiency."[128]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: In 2008, professor Jeremy P. Meyers, in the Electrochemical Society journal Interface wrote, "While fuel cells are efficient relative to combustion engines, they are not as efficient as batteries, due primarily to the inefficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction. ... [T]hey make the most sense for operation disconnected from the grid, or when fuel can be provided continuously.  For applications that require frequent and relatively rapid start-ups ... where zero emissions are a requirement, as in enclosed spaces such as warehouses, and where hydrogen is considered an acceptable reactant, a [PEM fuel cell] is becoming an increasingly attractive choice [if exchanging batteries is inconvenient]". The practical cost of fuel cells for cars will remain high, however, until production volumes incorporate economies of scale and a well-developed supply chain.  Until then, costs are roughly one order of magnitude higher than DOE targets.[129]

text: Also in 2008, Wired News reported that "experts say it will be 40 years or more before hydrogen has any meaningful impact on gasoline consumption or global warming, and we can't afford to wait that long.  In the meantime, fuel cells are diverting resources from more immediate solutions."[130] The Economist magazine, in 2008, quoted Robert Zubrin, the author of Energy Victory, as saying: "Hydrogen is 'just about the worst possible vehicle fuel'".[131] The magazine noted that most hydrogen is produced through steam reformation, which creates at least as much emission of carbon per mile as some of today's gasoline cars.  On the other hand, if the hydrogen could be produced using renewable energy, "it would surely be easier simply to use this energy to charge the batteries of all-electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles."[131]  The Los Angeles Times wrote in 2009, "Any way you look at it, hydrogen is a lousy way to move cars."[132] The Washington Post asked in November 2009, "[W]hy would you want to store energy in the form of hydrogen and then use that hydrogen to produce electricity for a motor, when electrical energy is already waiting to be sucked out of sockets all over America and stored in auto batteries...?"[133]

text: The Motley Fool stated in 2013 that "there are still cost-prohibitive obstacles [for hydrogen cars] relating to transportation, storage, and, most importantly, production."[134] Volkswagen's Rudolf Krebs said in 2013 that "no matter how excellent you make the cars themselves, the laws of physics hinder their overall efficiency. The most efficient way to convert energy to mobility is electricity." He elaborated: "Hydrogen mobility only makes sense if you use green energy", but ... you need to convert it first into hydrogen "with low efficiencies" where "you lose about 40 percent of the initial energy". You then must compress the hydrogen and store it under high pressure in tanks, which uses more energy. "And then you have to convert the hydrogen back to electricity in a fuel cell with another efficiency loss". Krebs continued: "in the end, from your original 100 percent of electric energy, you end up with 30 to 40 percent."[135]

text: In 2014, electric automotive and energy futurist Julian Cox published an analysis that used US government NREL and EPA data that disproves widely held policy assumptions concerning claimed emissions benefits from the use of Hydrogen in transportation. Cox calculated the emissions produced per EPA combined cycle driven mile, well to wheel, by real-word hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and figures aggregated from the test subjects enrolled in the US DOE's long term NREL FCV study. The report presented official data that firmly refutes marketer's claims of any inherent benefits of hydrogen fuel cells over the drive trains of equivalent conventional gasoline hybrids and even ordinary small-engined cars of equivalent drive train performance due to the emissions intensity of hydrogen production from Natural Gas. The report went on to demonstrate the economic inevitability of continued methane use in hydrogen production due to the cost tripping effect of hydrogen fuel cells on renewable mileage due to conversion losses of electricity to and from hydrogen when compared to the direct use of electricity in an ordinary electric vehicle. The analysis contradicts the marketing claims of vehicle manufacturers involved in promoting hydrogen fuel cells and whose claims are frequently reflected in public policy statements. The analysis proved that public policy in relation to hydrogen fuel cells has been misled by false equivalences to very large, very old or very high powered gasoline vehicles that do not accurately reflect the choices of emissions reduction technologies readily available amongst lower cost and pre-existing new vehicles choices available to consumers, and also to the taxpayer that funded superfluous hydrogen Infrastructure on a premise that on scientific grounds is factually false. Instead the marketing and consequently public policy claims for hydrogen can be proven by the official US DOE figures to be highly misleading.[136] Cox wrote in 2014 that producing hydrogen from methane "is significantly more carbon intensive per unit of energy than coal. Mistaking fossil hydrogen from the hydraulic fracturing of shales for an environmentally sustainable energy pathway threatens to encourage energy policies that will dilute and potentially derail global efforts to head-off climate change due to the risk of diverting investment and focus from vehicle technologies that are economically compatible with renewable energy."[136] The Business Insider commented in 2013:

text: Pure hydrogen can be industrially derived, but it takes energy. If that energy does not come from renewable sources, then fuel-cell cars are not as clean as they seem. ... Another challenge is the lack of infrastructure. Gas stations need to invest in the ability to refuel hydrogen tanks before FCEVs become practical, and it's unlikely many will do that while there are so few customers on the road today. ... Compounding the lack of infrastructure is the high cost of the technology. Fuel cells are "still very, very expensive".[137]

text: In 2014, climate blogger and former Dept. of Energy official Joseph Romm devoted three articles to critiques of hydrogen vehicles. He stated that FCVs still have not overcome the following issues: high cost of the vehicles, high fueling cost, and a lack of fuel-delivery infrastructure. "It would take several miracles to overcome all of those problems simultaneously in the coming decades."[138] Moreover, he said, "FCVs aren't green" because of escaping methane during natural gas extraction and when hydrogen is produced, as 95% of it is, using the steam reforming process. He concluded that renewable energy cannot economically be used to make hydrogen for an FCV fleet "either now or in the future."[139] GreenTech Media's analyst reached similar conclusions in 2014.[140] In 2015, Clean Technica listed some of the disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles[141] as did Car Throttle.[142] Another Clean Technica writer concluded, "while hydrogen may have a part to play in the world of energy storage (especially seasonal storage), it looks like a dead end when it comes to mainstream vehicles."[143]

text: A 2017 analysis published in Green Car Reports found that the best hydrogen fuel cell vehicles consume "more than three times more electricity per mile than an electric vehicle ... generate more greenhouse-gas emissions than other powertrain technologies ... [and have] very high fuel costs. ... Considering all the obstacles and requirements for new infrastructure (estimated to cost as much as $400 billion), fuel-cell vehicles seem likely to be a niche technology at best, with little impact on U.S. oil consumption.[102] In 2017, Michael Barnard, writing in Forbes, listed the continuing disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cell cars and concluded that "by about 2008, it was very clear that hydrogen was and would be inferior to battery technology as a storage of energy for vehicles. [B]y 2025 the last hold outs should likely be retiring their fuel cell dreams.[144]