document_title: List of Andi Mack episodes

question_text: when is the new andi mack episode coming out

text: List of Andi Mack episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
12
April 7, 2017 (2017-04-07)
June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)

2
TBA
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [1][2]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [1][2]
Prod.
code [1][3]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1

2
1

2
"13"

"Outside the Box"
Paul Hoen
Terri Minsky
April 7, 2017 (2017-04-07)
101

102
1.24[4]

As Andi Mack celebrates her 13th birthday, she gets a surprise visit from her sister Bex, who announces she will be moving back in with their parents, Celia and Ham. Andi is thrilled about the news and wants to know what Bex has been up to. Bex shares a box of her memories with Andi, though before she does, Celia warns her about the secrets inside it which she does not want Andi to know. Bex later discovers Andi is infatuated with a boy named Jonah Beck and arranges to have her be with him, which includes a frisbee lesson with him. Jonah realizes how good Andi becomes and wants her to join the frisbee team at school, but as she decides whether to do so, she discovers he has a girlfriend named Amber. Feeling humiliated, Andi gets upset at Bex, who tells her it is okay not to be perfect. Andi feels better after Jonah texts her. Meanwhile, against Celia's warning, Bex shows Andi a picture hidden deep inside the box which shows Andi as a baby and Bex holding her; Andi finds out the truth about her sister, who is really her mother. This infuriates Celia and Ham, but they know they must come to terms with this revelation. After taking time to process this huge change in her life, Andi eventually becomes curious about who her father is, but Bex is not ready to tell her yet. It prompts Andi to take the box to see whether her father's picture is inside it.
Andi tells her friends Cyrus and Buffy that she has joined the school frisbee team with Jonah, but has yet to tell them about the more important, life-changing discovery concerning her and Bex. While hanging with Andi in her shack, Cyrus and Buffy come across the picture of Bex with the newborn Andi, concluding Bex has a "secret baby" but not knowing that baby is Andi. Meanwhile, Bex tries to fit in at dinner when Andi, Celia and Ham play a memory game during the meal. Andi tries to impress Jonah by giving him a bracelet she made, a gesture which upsets Amber as she sees the two together. Later, when Cyrus and Buffy keep harping about the secret baby, Andi reveals to them that she is the secret baby while also telling them that Amber is wearing the bracelet she gave to Jonah. Both Andi and Amber stare at each other for several minutes, diverting the attention away from the secret baby talk. Cyrus and Buffy eventually get back to Andi's revelation and have some questions about it.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Anson Bagley as Gus
Note: Disney Channel premiered these episodes as part of a double-length special episode titled "Tomorrow Starts Today", but they have subsequently been aired and sold as separate regular-length episodes titled "13" and "Outside the Box".

3
3
"Shhh!"
David Warren
Erin Dunlap
April 14, 2017 (2017-04-14)
103
1.19[5]

Since the revelation that Bex is Andi's mother, Celia still does not want Andi to call her by different grandmother names. After seeing Mrs. Devlin is the librarian at Andi's school, and recalling that has not changed since she went there, Bex encourages Andi into watching scary movies, which Celia has kept Andi from experiencing. That evening, Andi watches a movie called Shhh!, with Bex there in case she gets too scared, though Bex ends up falling asleep. The movie indeed scares Andi so much, that the next day, she falls asleep in class and receives detention, which prevents her from attending her first Space Otters frisbee match with Jonah. Andi finds out detention is held in the library with Mrs. Devlin, whose "shhh" to quiet her winds up re-triggering her frightened state from the movie. Meanwhile, Buffy joins the track and field relay team and her obsession with winning becomes costly. Later, as Bex goes through a box of things from her youth, and Andi learns more about her, Andi also stumbles across a picture of someone from Bex's past whom she believes to be her father.
Guest star: Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany

4
4
"Dancing in the Dark"
Paul Hoen
Phil Baker
April 21, 2017 (2017-04-21)
104
1.27[6]

After Andi questions Bex about the identify of the man in the photo she found, Bex is hesitant and continues to avoid discussion about Andi's father. Cyrus reveals the truth about Bex being Andi's mother to his mother, who later spreads the word across town. Andi receives supportive comments from Jonah and a lot of students at her school, while Celia has an even harder time coping with this fact after her neighbor calls her "grandma", which leads her and Ham to take time away from home. In their absence, Bex persuades Andi to have her first party at the house. The party is attended by Andi's schoolmates, Jonah, and even Amber. It turns bad when Amber wants to know who Andi's real father is and asks Andi to reveal him to the guests, causing Andi to retreat to the Andi Shack. As Bex starts to talk to Andi, Cyrus warns them that Celia and Ham have returned, and the partygoers are told to leave. During the confrontation, Celia is angered at what happened and walks off without saying anything. Ham sends Andi to bed while he helps Bex clean up. As Andi heads to her bedroom, Ham comments to Bex that they came home upon the Neighborhood Watch contacting them about party music that normally does not come from their home. When Bex tells him that Andi is persistent with questions about her father, Ham tells Bex that the man who fathered Andi knows she exists because he told him.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Garren Stitt as Marty

5
5
"It's Not About You"
Joe Menendez
Rayna McClendon
April 28, 2017 (2017-04-28)
105
1.40[7]

Bex is shocked that Ham informed Andi's father about Andi, but Ham made it clear that he needed to know and Andi needs to know about him. When Andi later questions Ham about her father, however, she gets no information. Although Ham has given Bex the email address of Andi's father, all that comes out of any communication is "hey".
Meanwhile, Jonah sets up Cyrus on a date with a girl named Iris, as part of a double date with Jonah and Amber. It goes sour when Cyrus gets sick on a carnival ride.
Buffy gets into trouble at school over her curly hair and is told by the vice principal to change it. This leads to her not hanging out with Andi, who starts asking questions after she sees Buffy and Bex talking at the Fringe. It boils over when Andi sees the two in the bathroom at home, but she finds out none of what is going on is about her. Buffy reveals to Andi that she messed up her hair while using a flatiron to straighten it and she went to Bex to have her hair fixed, since Buffy's mother is overseas.
Andi later gives Bex a lesson on how to properly throw a frisbee. After Bex lets one fly, Andi goes to retrieve it and then sees Amber with a guy, but it is not Jonah.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Molly Jackson as Iris
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

6
6
"She Said, She Said"
Paul Hoen
Suzanne Weber
May 5, 2017 (2017-05-05)
106
1.41[8]

Andi is faced with telling Jonah about seeing Amber with another guy, and after she does, Jonah tells her he will be okay. When she later receives texts to see him at his school locker, Andi rushes to meet him but also confronts Amber, who actually sent out the texts from Jonah's phone and makes her to be a liar. Hurt by Amber's treatment, Andi questions whether she should be talking to Jonah, even though he feels bad about what happened. She is so hurt, that she wants to stay home from school and gets help from Cyrus and Buffy to make her sick.
Meanwhile, Celia sees Bex is becoming more responsible around the house and later notices her working at the Fringe. Celia also notices Brittany, whom Bex babysat years ago, is Bex's boss.
While running track, Buffy meets a familiar face from Andi's party, Marty, who informs her that she is the fastest runner at school, for a girl. She finds herself in competition with Marty, who has the school's overall fastest time.
As Andi, Bex and Celia argue over Andi's going to school, they hear the doorbell. Bex answers to find a man at the door; it is Bowie, Andi's father. Bex introduces the two, informing them of their relationship, and they look at each other in surprise.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Garren Stitt as Marty, Trent Garrett as Bowie

7
7
"Dad Influence"
Jerry O'Connell
Elena Song
May 12, 2017 (2017-05-12)
107
1.49[9]

Bowie is excited to know his daughter Andi by spending the day with her, but Celia reminds them it is a school day. Bowie manages to get Andi excused from school, right after she learns from Cyrus and Buffy that Jonah and Amber have broken up, and Jonah approaches her with news she hopes is good. When Cyrus and Buffy later realize Andi is not around, they text her to ask where she is and what Jonah told her, but Andi is wondering as much about Jonah and asks her friends to find out. They end up meddling instead, with Cyrus convincing Jonah to follow his heart, despite his insecurities from the break-up, hoping it will lead him to Andi. Meanwhile, Bowie makes the most of his day with Andi, but when she worries about Jonah, Bowie drives her back to school. After she discovers Jonah and Amber have reconciled, she asks Cyrus and Buffy how this could happen, but the two keep silent about their involvement. Andi also tells them she spent the day with her father, while feeling guilty about cutting their day short, realizing he had only the one day, since he is a traveling musician. After Andi talks with Bex about Bowie and learns more about their relationship, the two discover Bowie in Andi's shack.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie

8
8
"Terms of Embarrassment"
Adam Weissman
Sam Wolfson
May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19)
108
1.48[10]

Bowie decides to delay joining his 40-city tour with the Renaissance Boys to be with Andi and Bex, but Celia allows him to stay at the Mack house for only two days. During his extended stay, Bowie meets Andi's friends at school and her teammates on the Space Otters. He records a video with them in it and asks Andi about the boy she keeps talking about, but she feels uncomfortable about her father being around her all the time. On the other hand, Celia is having a change of heart about Bowie after he cooks one of her mother's recipes. Bex and Bowie later have a serious talk at the place the two were last together before their split, with Bowie wanting to be in Andi and Bex's lives more; Bex assures him that he is already a part of their lives. Meanwhile, Cyrus gets offended over a text from Jonah which called him "girly". Buffy works on making Cyrus more like a man, but when Cyrus later asks Jonah about the text, Jonah tells him that autocorrect messed up the text and he really meant to send "gnarly".
Bowie starts to realize he has overstayed his welcome after Andi catches him in her bedroom on her computer and wants him not to invade her privacy. When Bex looks at Andi's computer, she sees the video that Bowie made and gets emotional. That prompts Andi to take a look as well and to talk with Bowie afterward, only to find him gone.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie

9
9
"She's Turning into You"
Michael Grossman
Erin Dunlap
June 2, 2017 (2017-06-02)
109
1.41[11]

Andi misses Bowie, and Bex helps to cheer her up. The two buy a variety of vintage clothes, which Celia disapproves and causes her to start questioning Bex's being back home. After enjoying quality time with Bex, Andi begins to wonder why her mother left home at the time of her birth, and while Bex does not reveal any details to Andi, things come out at home when Celia suggests that Bex move out.
Meanwhile, Andi is concerned after Jonah passes her in the hallway at school without saying anything. She talks to him to find things are still okay between them. She also offers to help him come up with something for Amber's birthday, including how to express his emotions on her birthday card, but Andi is taken aback when Jonah thinks of her as a "pal" instead of something more.
Buffy's competitive nature hits a new low when she discovers one of her track shoes is missing and assumes Marty stole it. She retaliates by taking Marty's shoes and inflicting water damage on them. As for the missing shoe, Cyrus reveals it was in his mother's car, coming out of Buffy's bag during one of her rides home with him.
The episode concludes with Andi and Bex moving into a new apartment.
Guest star: Garren Stitt as Marty

10
10
"Home Away from Home"
Eyal Gordin
Phil Baker
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
110
1.29[12]

Andi and Bex struggle with adjusting to their new home, and problems with the electricity and appliances are making matters worse. Andi has been removed from the home she has known for 13 years, and it is taking a toll, from issues about her laundry and the warm meals to her ability to work on her art. With her crafting supplies in the Andi Shack, she and Bex head back to the Mack house to retrieve them. Celia and Ham notice the two and are willing to welcome them back into their home, but Bex stands by her decision to move out, though she does apologize to Celia for taking Andi without giving her any notice. Ultimately, as Andi's mother, Bex begins to realize what is best for Andi and allows her to go back to Celia and Ham. After Celia returns Andi to be in her new home with Bex, Andi starts to embrace Bex as her mother.
Meanwhile, Cyrus wonders where he stands with Iris, thinking their relationship is over. Intending to spend the day at a sporting event with her, Jonah and Amber, he winds up going with just Jonah after Buffy declines to be his date and the other girls think he has moved on.
Guest star: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham

11
11
"Were We Ever?"
Paul Hoen
Sam Wolfson
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
111
1.38[13]

A new principal, Dr. Metcalf, takes over at Andi's school. He meets Andi, Cyrus and Buffy, and tells Andi her leggings violate the school's dress code. Unaware at first about this dress code, the three eventually object to it when they see all the clothing prohibited. With Bex's help, they stage a protest at the school, with the participating students wearing prison outfits. As this is also happening on picture day, Cyrus gets concerned over how he will look, but Buffy convinces him to go with what they are wearing. Jonah reminds Andi about the team picture for the Space Otters, but when she shows up, he does not see her in the team's uniform and tells her to change into it. With Jonah so focused on the picture, Andi quickly realizes his indifference to her standing up to the dress code—a fight she wins after negotiating with Dr. Metcalf about making the policy more reasonable. Andi and her friends later find out the school will redo picture day in light of the protest.
Andi and Jonah have a more serious talk about what has happened, leading her to quit the Space Otters. She stands up to Jonah, wanting him to stop asking her to do things for him. When Jonah asks if they are still friends, Andi responds, "Were we ever?"
Guest star: Oliver Vaquer as Dr. Metcalf
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

12
12
"Best Surprise Ever"
Vanessa Parise
Elena Song & Suzanne Weber
June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)
112
1.94[14]

Jonah is feeling down following Andi's quitting the Space Otters and all but ignoring him after their talk. Even Amber cannot cheer him up, with her friend Kip belittling the sport he loves. Cyrus encourages Jonah to talk to Andi, but when it appears Jonah will have a chance to do so in the school hallway, he notices Andi's excitement about Bowie's return instead. Jonah becomes so depressed that he cancels the Space Otters practice. This also leads to his unequivocal break-up with Amber.
Meanwhile, Buffy gives Marty a new pair of shoes, her way of apologizing for what she did to his old ones, though Marty has wanted her to actually say she is sorry. They set a time to race each other to resolve who is faster, but when they worry about how they will react to the result, they call the race off.
Andi discovers the reason Bowie came back is tied to Bex, whom he noticed in pictures across several stops on his tour with the Renaissance Boys. Andi arranges for her parents to have a romantic evening, and she also hears a song Bowie wrote for Bex. The next morning, Andi asks Bex how the evening went and hopes the two will get back together, but Bex tells Andi it is unlikely because Bowie's unpredictability makes him inclined not to stay in one place. When Andi talks to Bowie, she realizes his feelings for Bex have changed little over the years, but Bowie agrees with what Bex told Andi. Still, there is hope when Andi sees Bowie unexpectedly take a ring out of one of the blazers he is trying on at a vintage store.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Garren Stitt as Marty, CJ Strong as Kip
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [1][2]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [1][2]
Prod.
code [1][15]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

13
1
"Hey, Who Wants Pizza?"
Eyal Gordin
Terri Minsky
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
2-99
1.62[16]

Andi talks to Bowie about proposing to Bex, while Cyrus introduces his girlfriend Iris to Andi and Buffy, and Jonah invites Andi, Cyrus and Buffy to a pizza party for the Space Otters. At first, Andi does not want to go to the party, but later changes her mind after talking with Bex. Following the party, Jonah reveals to Andi that he broke up with Amber for good, though Andi had some idea prior to the party when he returned the bracelet she made for him. Andi gives Jonah back the bracelet and gets serious about being with him.
While Cyrus is happy about seeing Andi and Jonah together again, as well as having Iris as his girlfriend, he reveals to Buffy that he is also unhappy. He confides in her that he is jealous because of his feelings for Jonah.
Bowie comes over to Andi and Bex's apartment with a pizza and, with Andi's help, finally asks Bex to marry him. Bex's response is simply "um...", but Andi is hopeful she will eventually say yes. Later, while at work, Bex receives another pizza from Bowie, who is also hopeful she will accept his proposal.
As Andi and her friends discover Amber as a waitress at The Spoon, Andi tells Buffy about how that is making her uncomfortable but also how nervous she is around Jonah. Buffy thinks Andi is not ready for a serious relationship yet. While the two are talking, Jonah is with Amber outside, which further upsets Andi. Although Jonah says nothing is going on, Buffy warns him not to hurt Andi, causing him to leave the diner. Andi later talks to Jonah and wants their relationship to grow without Amber standing in the way.
After having some time to think about Bowie's proposal, Bex reveals to Andi that she is not going to marry him.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Molly Jackson as Iris

14
2
"Chinese New Year"
Eyal Gordin
Elena Song
November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03)
202
1.66[17]

Andi is disappointed about Bex saying no to Bowie's marriage proposal and wants Bex to tell Bowie as soon as possible, as he is unaware. With the approach of the Chinese New Year, and Andi and Bex's aunt Mei and cousin Ronald coming over to Celia's house, the news will have to wait. Andi invites Jonah to the new year event, but his not understanding the customs puts Celia on edge, as well as the idea of Andi even having a boyfriend. Meanwhile, Celia wants to show Mei that she can successfully host a Chinese New Year feast and is quite appreciative of Bowie's contributions for the occasion. After Bowie announces that he may have some good news to share, Celia uses the opportunity to make the event special, until Andi hints to Bowie what she already knows and announces to the rest that Bex and Bowie are not getting married. Bowie is saddened by this and leaves.
With track season over, Buffy decides to sign up to play basketball, though the school's team consists only of men. After some practice with Marty, Buffy lets him know how confident she is of making the team, despite her actually being nervous. She feels she needs to outperform the men to secure a spot.
Andi continues to be upset that Bex let Bowie go, but when finding something to eat, she rediscovers that picture which Bex tore up, making her even more upset. She wants to know whether the person in that picture is the reason behind Bex's decision not to marry Bowie.
Guest stars: Freda Foh Shen as Mei, Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Garren Stitt as Marty, Alan Ko as Ronald

15
3
"Friends Like These"
Adam Weissman
Phil Baker
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)
203
1.40[18]

Andi grows suspicious when Amber starts having a normal conversation with her. Jonah tells Andi that Amber just wants to be friends, but Andi thinks Amber has not gotten over Jonah. Andi, Cyrus and Buffy try another hangout place to avoid Amber at The Spoon.
Meanwhile, Buffy and Marty go through tryouts to make the basketball team, but Buffy gets annoyed by TJ, the team's captain. Despite feeling she will not make the team because of him, Buffy shares the good news with Andi and Cyrus when she does. Marty fails to make the team but is happy for Buffy.
Cyrus and Iris spend an evening together at her house and watch a movie. Things appear to go all right until he kisses her, after which he feels embarrassed by the way it happened and decides to leave.
Andi finds out more about the man in the picture Bex tore up, an ex-boyfriend named Gabriel. Bex has trouble letting him go and tells Andi he is the reason she is insecure about marrying anyone, including Bowie. Andi helps Bex find closure with Gabriel by placing his picture with those of her other ex-boyfriends in her box of memories, which leads to them taking out Bowie's picture.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Garren Stitt as Marty, Molly Jackson as Iris, Luke Mullen as TJ
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

16
4
"Mama"
Eyal Gordin
Terri Minsky
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
204
1.58[19]

Celia informs Andi and Bex about a closet clean-out at the Mack house, which happens to be on the anniversary of a day Bex wishes had never happened—the day she left 13 years earlier. Both Bex and Celia tell their versions of the story behind that day to Andi, which are completely different. Bex eventually reveals that her leaving was tied to Andi's first word as a baby, "mama", which was directed at Celia. Upon hearing that, Andi feels regret that she caused Bex to leave. Bex tells Andi that her decision was for the best as she wanted her to be happy, and Celia is thankful for the sacrifice Bex made to ensure Andi would be raised in a stable environment.
Meanwhile, Jonah teaches Cyrus how to skateboard, but when Cyrus is unable to control the skateboard's movement, he ends up getting hurt and going to the hospital. Buffy becomes a friend to her neighbor Millie through a community service project she is doing for school.
Later, Celia reveals to Bex that the clean-out was about more than their opportunity to reconcile about that day 13 years ago. She plans to sell the house and leaves it to Bex to tell Andi, news which will devastate her particularly because of AndiShack. Bex delays saying anything about it to Andi.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Juliet Mills as Millie

17
5
"The Snorpion"
Eyal Gordin
Erin Dunlap
November 24, 2017 (2017-11-24)
205
1.18[20]

After overhearing part of a phone conversation Amber is having with her father, Andi decides to spend time with her by inviting her to a sleepover. Having warned Andi before about Amber by comparing her to a snake in one story, Buffy relays another story to Andi about a frog and a scorpion, and compares Amber to the scorpion—leading to the term "snorpion". At the sleepover, Amber tells Andi that her father lost his job, which is why she is working at The Spoon. With Andi enjoying Amber's company, the two decide to sneak out to an amusement park, where Amber convinces Andi to ride the ferris wheel. When Amber sees a call from Jonah on Andi's phone, she becomes furious and leaves Andi stranded. This lands Andi in police custody, and Bex and Bowie are left to discipline her after they get home, though Andi ends up deciding her punishment when they cannot come up with one. Meanwhile, Buffy is upset over her teammates not giving her the ball during a basketball game. When she confronts TJ about what she needs to do to change this, she realizes he simply does not want her on the team at all. Also, Bex is working toward her cosmetology certification. Her makeup skills also help Andi fool Amber by thinking that Andi injured herself trying to get down the ferris wheel.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

18
6
"I Wanna Hold Your Wristband"
Joe Menendez
Sam Wolfson
December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01)
206
1.45[21]

Andi is nervous about holding hands with Jonah at school, but just as she is about to, the principal, Dr. Metcalf, splits the students into two separate groups, with Andi and Cyrus in group A, and Buffy and Jonah in group B. When Andi figures out that her group has luxuries while Jonah's group struggles over what they are dealt, she decides to switch groups and encourages the rest in her group to do the same, despite Dr. Metcalf's order for the two groups to stay separate. After chaos ensues in the cafeteria over cookies, Dr. Metcalf ends his exercise, getting across to the students that what group they belong in does not give them any advantage or disadvantage. He also asks them how he decided what group they went to, and while Andi contends it was random, she realizes his selections were alphabetically based. The school day ends with Andi and Jonah both holding hands, though Jonah admits having sweaty palms like Andi. When Andi returns home, Bex finally tells her that Celia and Ham are selling the house. The news devastates Andi, prompting her to return to AndiShack.
Guest stars: Trent Garrett as Bowie, Oliver Vaquer as Dr. Metcalf, Anson Bagley as Gus

19
7
"Head Over Heels"
Joe Menendez
Erin Dunlap
January 15, 2018 (2018-01-15)
207
1.31[22]

To help Andi take her mind off of Celia and Ham's plans to sell the Mack house, Jonah asks her on a date by inviting her to a virtual reality arcade. Buffy is also invited, but she brings Marty with her so she does not feel like a third wheel, making the occasion a double date, even though the two are not really dating. During his virtual reality adventure, Jonah slips and gets hurt. When Jonah refuses Andi's aid, she worries that he is upset with her after she briefly laughed at his mishap. Andi continues to worry and feels Jonah is avoiding her when she later gets no response to her texts. Despite Jonah denying that he is upset with her after she asked him twice, Andi turns to Bex, who tells her to ask a third time. Andi becomes frustrated waiting for Jonah at school, but when she finally has the chance, she trips and falls as she approaches him to ask the question again. Jonah briefly laughs but assures Andi that he is not upset with her. Meanwhile, Buffy feels comfortable being just friends with Marty but finds out he wants more in their relationship. Also, Cyrus asks Bex for her opinion about a screenplay he has written, but Bex's hesitation to tell him the truth about the script has him setting his sights on making the movie.
Guest stars: Garren Stitt as Marty, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

20
8
"There's a Mack in the Shack"
Paul Hoen
Elena Song
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
208
1.28[23]

Andi decorates her shack with numerous paper cranes, hoping Celia and Ham will notice and change their mind about selling the house. While talking with Celia, Andi springs a deal of coming over to the house more often, news which delights Celia to the point of allowing Andi to choose her breakfast or dance to loud music. Celia even invites Andi to a tape tunnel exhibit which has her missing school and worrying Bex. When Ham finds out the true reason Andi has been spending more time at the house, he wonders why Celia did not fill him in, but when Bex comes up with a better idea to save Andi Shack, and Celia and Ham explain their plans of seeing the world, Andi begins to accept that selling the house may not be a bad idea. It turns out Celia and Ham need more time to decide where they will live, so they postpone selling the house.
Meanwhile, Buffy is asked by her math teacher to tutor a failing student. She bails when she discovers it is TJ, but as he is in jeopardy of being kicked off the basketball team, she will help him if, in return, he starts passing the ball to her during games. Also, Cyrus struggles with getting his chocolate chip muffin at school, but as another concession to Buffy, TJ gives Cyrus tips on claiming it.
After Andi, Bex and Celia have fun at a dance class Celia is taking, the three stop at The Spoon. Just as they are about to order some food, Andi sees Jonah enter the diner with a girl named Natalie.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Luke Mullen as TJ, Shelby Simmons as Natalie

21
9
"You're the One That I Want"
Paul Hoen
Phil Baker
January 26, 2018 (2018-01-26)
209
1.28[24]

Andi finds out from Jonah that Natalie heads the ultimate frisbee team for another school in town, but is wary after Jonah says that Natalie is "just a friend". Amber warns Andi that while she was dating Jonah, he used the same words to refer to Andi. Buffy and Cyrus spy on both Jonah and Natalie at a gathering with "Furious George", one of the top ultimate discheads in the world, but cannot find anything that would make the two more than just friends. Meanwhile, Andi and Jonah have plans to go on a school trip to a Grease singalong, which Buffy and Cyrus are also attending, but Andi learns Jonah has been asked to take part in a video with Natalie and "Furious George", though Jonah says he can get out of it. Unsure whether he does, Andi races over to where the video is being shot, only to hear from Natalie that Jonah is going to the singalong, so she races back to catch the bus, which she almost misses.
Bex meets a woman named Miranda, who works at the same plant nursery Bowie does. When Miranda decides she wants to ask Bowie out and wonders how much Bex knows about him, Bex appears supportive, yet uncomfortable.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Shelby Simmons as Natalie, Chloe Hurst as Miranda
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

22
10
"A Good Hair Day"
Paul Hoen and Adam Weissman
Suzanne Weber
February 2, 2018 (2018-02-02)
210
1.21[25]

While Andi and Bowie are having breakfast at The Spoon, Andi discovers from Bowie's driver's license that it is his birthday. Bowie does not want to make a big deal out of it, but Andi wants to throw him a huge surprise party at Celia and Ham's place. She has Bex work out the details, while she attends a Renaissance Festival for most of the day with her friends. Bex sees Bowie at work and tries to get him to Celia and Ham's for a "plant emergency", but Bowie realizes she is trying to get him to the surprise party. Bex finds out the reason Bowie is not in a celebrating mood, as his father's birthday was on the same day but he died three years ago. Despite this, Bex encourages Bowie to come to the party for Andi's sake. He does and has a wonderful time, but he is greatly touched after Andi calls him "dad" for the first time.
Meanwhile, Buffy shows Jonah her competitive side in arm wrestling, where he also matches quite well, and later at the Renaissance Festival, they square off in a medieval-style tug o' war, which ends in a draw. Also, Cyrus tries to tell Iris about his true feelings for her, with Iris figuring out he does not like her like a girlfriend; the two are okay being just friends.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Molly Jackson as Iris

23
11
"Miniature Gulf"
Paul Hoen
Suzanne Weber
February 9, 2018 (2018-02-09)
211
1.14[26]

While Andi, Bex and Bowie are playing miniature golf, Bowie receives a phone call and Andi wonders who he is talking to. Sensing the body language from both of her parents, Andi is sure Bowie is seeing someone and tries to get information about it. Eventually, she finds out Bowie is dating Miranda and wants to meet her, but Bowie says it is too soon. Andi later has second thoughts about seeing Miranda because it may be too much for her to have possibly another parent-figure. When Andi and Bex go miniature golfing again, by themselves, Andi spots Bowie with Miranda and a little girl, whom she deduces is Miranda's daughter. Meanwhile, Cyrus is tapped by Dr. Metcalf to make an orientation video for new students of Jefferson Middle School and has Jonah film him, but Cyrus gets nervous in front of the camera. Also, Buffy's tutoring TJ gets nowhere as she realizes he is having difficulty even with basic math.
Guest stars: Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ, Chloe Hurst as Miranda, Eden Grace Redfield as Morgan
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

24
12
"We Were Never"
Michelle Manning
Sam Wolfson
February 16, 2018 (2018-02-16)
212
1.37[27]

Andi notices Jonah is not wearing the bracelet she gave him because it is falling apart. She offers to fix it, but Jonah tells her "no rush". After Celia and Ham sense something is wrong with Andi, Celia has Andi consult the I Ching and discovers her hexagram is one of a serious nature; Andi is left to interpret what that means.
Bex receives her cosmetology certificate and delivers the speech at her graduation. Celia and Ham attend the ceremony, and while Bex is shocked they are there after telling Andi not to invite them, she is pleased when they say they are proud of her.
Cyrus prepares for his bar mitzvah and has Jonah look over his wardrobe of suits. TJ is desperate to get his math homework done ahead of a basketball game, by attempting to cheat when he asks Buffy to do it for him. At the basketball game, TJ continues his stubbornness of not passing the ball to Buffy, but when he finally does, Buffy gets a huge surprise from her mother, who is briefly home from a tour of duty and appears at the game.
After Andi fixes the bracelet, Jonah tells her that it represents the two being "boyfriend" and "girlfriend", and he does not want to wear it because he is not into labels. This devastates Andi, and after she reflects on what Jonah has done for her, she feels they were never together in the first place.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Luke Mullen as TJ, Siena Goines as Pat Driscoll

25
13
"Cyrus' Bash-Mitzvah!"
Paul Hoen
Terri Minsky
February 23, 2018 (2018-02-23)
213
1.39[28]

Andi continues to be troubled by Jonah when he avoids her during Cyrus' bar mitzvah and party. Cyrus tells Andi that Jonah has not actually broken up with her, but she feels otherwise. Andi also finds out Cyrus' secret concerning Jonah, which only Buffy had known.
Later at the party, Andi, Cyrus and Buffy see a fortune teller and discover one thing about each of their futures. Buffy is the most disturbed about what she finds out and hopes it will not come true, about her mother being deployed again. After Buffy confirms her mother is home for a while, she returns to the fortune teller, who reminds her about the whole vision, which suggests she is moving.
Andi wonders about having a real boyfriend, and the fortune teller indicates she will, soon. Cyrus and Buffy think it is Jonah, but Andi is not ready to talk to him. She starts spending time with Walker, a caricature artist at the party who gives her a beautiful picture he has drawn of her. Jonah becomes jealous, not knowing who this guy is, and when he asks Cyrus and Buffy about him, they have no clue either. Andi and Jonah finally talk about what is going on, but after Andi says her feelings for him have changed, Jonah suffers a panic attack. After the party, Jonah comes over to Andi's place and despite his opposition to labels, he asks her if she will be his girlfriend, to which she replies, "um...".
Meanwhile, Bowie works on discussing Miranda with both Andi and Bex. Despite his new relationship, he tells Andi, in writing he jotted down on a napkin during the party, that he could live without the "universe", but not her.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ, Darius Marcell as Walker, Peggy Ann Blow as Madame Le Doux, Danny Jacobs as Norman
Note: Before the "Mack Chat" that followed this episode, Asher Angel and Trent Garrett did a "Be Inspired" PSA about what to do if someone has a panic attack.

26
14
"Better to Have Wuvved and Wost"
TBA
TBA
June 4, 2018 (2018-06-04)
TBA
TBD

27
15
"Perfect Day 2.0"
TBA
TBA
June 11, 2018 (2018-06-11)
TBA
TBD

28
16
"Truth or Truth"
TBA
TBA
June 18, 2018 (2018-06-18)
TBA
TBD

29
17
"A Walker to Remember"
TBA
TBA
June 25, 2018 (2018-06-25)
TBA
TBD


document_title: Reserve Bank of India

question_text: who appoints governor of reserve bank of india

question_tokens: who appoints governor of reserve bank of india

root

text: Reserve Bank of India

text: Preamble[edit]

text: The preamble of the Reserve Bank of India describes the basic functions of the reserve bank as:

tag: p

text: "to regulate the issue of Bank notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage; to have a modern monetary policy framework to meet the challenge of an increasingly complex economy, to maintain price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth."

text: History[edit]

text: The Reserve Bank of India was established following the Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934.[11] Though privately owned initially, it was nationalised in 1949 and since then fully owned by Government of India (GoI).

text: The Reserve Bank of India was founded on 1 April 1935 to respond to economic troubles after the First World War.[12] The Reserve Bank of India was conceptualized based on the guidelines presented by  the Central Legislative Assembly which passed these guidelines as the RBI Act 1934.[13] RBI was conceptualized as per the guidelines, working style and outlook presented by B. R. Ambedkar in his book titled “The Problem of the Rupee – Its origin and its solution” and presented to the Hilton Young Commission. The bank was set up based on the recommendations of the 1926 Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance, also known as the Hilton–Young Commission.[14] The original choice for the seal of RBI was The East India Company Double Mohur, with the sketch of the Lion and Palm Tree. However, it was decided to replace the lion with the tiger, the national animal of India.  The Preamble of the RBI describes its basic functions to regulate the issue of bank notes, keep reserves to secure monetary stability in India, and generally to operate the currency and credit system in the best interests of the country.[15] The Central Office of the RBI was established in Calcutta (now Kolkata) but was moved to Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1937. The RBI also acted as Burma's (now Myanmar) central bank until April 1947 (except during the years of Japanese occupation (1942–45)), even though Burma seceded from the Indian Union in 1937. After the Partition of India in August 1947, the bank served as the central bank for Pakistan until June 1948 when the State Bank of Pakistan commenced operations. Though set up as a shareholders’ bank, the RBI has been fully owned by the Government of India since its nationalization in 1949.[16] RBI has monopoly of note issue.

text: In the 1950s, the Indian government, under its first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, developed a centrally planned economic policy that focused on the agricultural sector. The administration nationalized commercial banks[17] and established, based on the Banking Companies Act, 1949 (later called the Banking Regulation Act), a central bank regulation as part of the RBI. Furthermore, the central bank was ordered to support economic plan with loans.[18]

text: As a result of bank crashes, the RBI was requested to establish and monitor a deposit insurance system. Meant to restore the trust in the national bank system, it was initialized on 7 December 1961. The Indian government founded funds to promote the economy, and used the slogan "Developing Banking". The government of India restructured the national bank market and nationalized a lot of institutes. As a result, the RBI had to play the central part in controlling and supporting this public banking sector.

text: In 1969, the Indira Gandhi-headed government nationalized 14 major commercial banks. Upon Indira Gandhi's return to power in 1980, a further six banks were nationalized.[14] The regulation of the economy and especially the financial sector was reinforced by the Government of India in the 1970s and 1980s.[19] The central bank became the central player and increased its policies a lot for a lot of tasks like interests, reserve ratio and visible deposits.[20] These measures aimed at better economic development and had a huge effect on the company policy of the institutes. The banks lent money in selected sectors, like agricultural business and small trade companies.[21]

text: The branch was forced to establish two new offices in the country for every newly established office in a town.[22] The oil crises in 1973 resulted in increasing inflation, and the RBI restricted monetary policy to reduce the effects.[23]

text:
A lot of committees analysed the Indian economy between 1985 and 1991. Their results had an effect on the RBI. The Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction, the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research and the Security & Exchange Board of India investigated the national economy as a whole, and the security and exchange board proposed better methods for more effective markets and the protection of investor interests. The Indian financial market was a leading example for so-called "financial repression" (Mckinnon and Shaw).[24]
The Discount and Finance House of India began its operations in the monetary market in April 1988; the National Housing Bank, founded in July 1988, was forced to invest in the property market and a new financial law improved the versatility of direct deposit by more security measures and liberalisation.[25]

text: 1991–2000 the new century[edit]

text: The national economy contracted in July 1991 as the Indian rupee was devalued.[26] The currency lost 18% of its value relative to the US dollar, and the Narsimham Committee advised restructuring the financial sector by a temporal reduced reserve ratio as well as the statutory liquidity ratio. New guidelines were published in 1993 to establish a private banking sector. This turning point was meant to reinforce the market and was often called neo-liberal.[27] The central bank deregulated bank interests and some sectors of the financial market like the trust and property markets.[28] This first phase was a success and the central government forced a diversity liberalisation to diversify owner structures in 1998.[29]

text: The National Stock Exchange of India took the trade on in June 1994 and the RBI allowed nationalized banks in July to interact with the capital market to reinforce their capital base. The central bank founded a subsidiary company—the Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited—on 3 February 1995 to produce banknotes.[30]

text: Since 2000[edit]

text: The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 came into force in June 2000. It should improve the item in 2004–2005 (National Electronic Fund Transfer).[31] The Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Ltd., a merger of nine institutions, was founded in 2006 and produces banknotes and coins.[32]

text: The national economy's growth rate came down to 5.8% in the last quarter of 2008–2009[33] and the central bank promotes the economic development.[34]

text: Structure[edit]

text: The central board of directors is the main committee of the central bank. The Government of India appoints the directors for a four-year term. The Board consists of a governor, and not more than four deputy governors; four directors to represent the regional boards;[35] 2 — usually the Economic Affairs Secretary and the Financial Services Secretary — from the Ministry of Finance and 10 other directors from various fields. The Reserve Bank — under Raghuram Rajan's governorship — wanted to create a post of a chief operating officer (COO), in the rank of deputy governor and wanted to re-allocate work between the five of them (four deputy governor and COO).[36][37]

text: The bank is headed by the governor and the post is currently held by economist Urjit Patel. There are four deputy governors BP Kanungo,[38], N S Vishwanathan and Viral Acharya, Mahesh Kumar Jain.[39]

text: Two of the four deputy governors are traditionally from RBI ranks and are selected from the Bank's Executive Directors. One is nominated from among the Chairpersons of public sector banks and the other is an economist. An Indian Administrative Service officer can also be appointed as deputy governor of RBI and later as the governor of RBI as with the case of Y. Venugopal Reddy and Duvvuri Subbarao. Other persons forming part of the central board of directors of the RBI are Dr. Nachiket Mor, Y C Deveshwar, Prof Damodar Acharya, Ajay Tyagi and Anjuly Duggal.

text: Uma Shankar, chief general manager (CGM) in charge of the Reserve Bank of India's financial inclusion and development department has taken over as executive director (ED) in the central bank.[citation needed]

text: Sudha Balakrishnan, a former vice president at National Securities Depository Limited, assumed charge as the first chief financial officer (CFO) of the Reserve Bank on 15 May 2018; she was given the rank of an executive director.[40]

text: Branches and support bodies[edit]

text: The RBI has four zonal offices at Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai.[41] It has 27 regional offices and four sub-offices throughout India. Regional offices are located in Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jammu, Kanpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Dewas, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Dehradun and Thiruvananthapuram and sub-offices are located in Agartala, Aizawal, Dehradun, Gangtok, Imphal, Panaji, Raipur, Ranchi, Shillong, Shimla and Srinagar.[42]

text: The RBI has four regional representations: North in New Delhi, South in Chennai, East in Kolkata and West in Mumbai. The representations are formed by five members, appointed for four years by the central government and with the advice of the central board of directors serve as a forum for regional banks and to deal with delegated tasks from the Central Board.[43]

text: It has two training colleges for its officers, viz. Reserve Bank Staff College, Chennai and College of Agricultural Banking, Pune. There are three autonomous institutions run by RBI namely National Institute of Bank Management (NIBM), Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT).[44] There are also four Zonal Training Centres at Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and New Delhi.

text: The Board of Financial Supervision (BFS), formed in November 1994, serves as a CCBD committee to control the financial institutions. It has four members, appointed for two years, and takes measures to strength the role of statutory auditors in the financial sector, external monitoring and internal controlling systems. The Tarapore committee was set up by the Reserve Bank of India under the chairmanship of former RBI deputy governor S.S.Tarapore to "lay the road map" to capital account convertibility. The five-member committee recommended a three-year time frame for complete convertibility by 1999–2000.

text: On 8 December 2017, Surekha Marandi, Executive Director (ED) of Reserve Bank of India, said RBI will open an office in the north-eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh[45]

text: Functions[edit]

text: The central bank of any country executes many functions such as overseeing monetary policy, issuing currency, managing foreign exchange, working as a bank for government and as a banker of scheduled commercial banks. It also works for overall economic growth of the country. The preamble of the Reserve Bank of India describes it main functions as:

text: ..to regulate the issue of Bank Notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage.

text: Financial Supervision[edit]

text: The primary objective of RBI is to undertake consolidated supervision of the financial sector comprising commercial banks, financial institutions and non-banking finance companies.

text: The Board is constituted by co-opting four Directors from the Central Board as members for a term of two years and is chaired by the governor. The deputy governors of the reserve bank are ex-officio members. One deputy governor, usually, the deputy governor in charge of banking regulation and supervision, is nominated as the vice-chairman of the board. The Board is required to meet normally once every month. It considers inspection reports and other supervisory issues placed before it by the supervisory departments.

text: BFS through the Audit Sub-Committee also aims at upgrading the quality of the statutory audit and internal audit functions in banks and financial institutions. The audit sub-committee includes deputy governor as the chairman and two Directors of the Central Board as members. The BFS oversees the functioning of Department of Banking Supervision (DBS), Department of Non-Banking Supervision (DNBS) and Financial Institutions Division (FID) and gives directions on the regulatory and supervisory issues.

text: Regulator and supervisor of the financial system[edit]

text: The institution is also the regulator and supervisor of the financial system and prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country's banking and financial system functions. Its objectives are to maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors' interest and provide cost-effective banking services to the public. The Banking Ombudsman Scheme has been formulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for effective addressing of complaints by bank customers. The RBI controls the monetary supply, monitors economic indicators like the gross domestic product and has to decide the design of the rupee banknotes as well as coins.[47]

text: Regulator and Supervisor of the Payment and Settlement Systems[edit]

text: Payment and settlement systems play an important role in improving overall economic efficiency. The Payment and Settlement Systems Act of 2007 (PSS Act)[48] gives the Reserve Bank oversight authority, including regulation and supervision, for the payment and settlement systems in the country. In this role, the RBI focuses on the development and functioning of safe, secure and efficient payment and settlement mechanisms. Two payment systems National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) and Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) allow individuals, companies and firms to transfer funds from one bank to another. These facilities can only be used for transferring money within the country.

text: NEFT operates on a deferred net settlement (DNS) basis and settles transactions in batches. The settlement takes place for all transactions received till a particular cut-off time. It operates in hourly batches — there are 12 settlements from 8 am to 7 pm on weekdays and SIX between 8 am and 1 pm on Saturdays.[49] Any transaction initiated after the designated time would have to wait till the next settlement time. In RTGS, transactions are processed continuously, all through the business hours. RBI’s settlement time is 9 am to 4:30 pm on weekdays and 9 am to 2:00 pm on Saturdays.[50]

text: Banker and Debt Manager to Government[edit]

text: Just like individuals need a bank to carry out their financial transactions effectively & efficiently, Governments also need a bank to carry out their financial transactions. RBI serves this purpose for the Government of India (GoI). As a banker to the GoI, RBI maintains its accounts, receive payments into & make payments out of these accounts. RBI also helps GoI to raise money from public via issuing bonds and government approved securities.

text: Managing foreign exchange[edit]

text: The central bank manages to reach different goals of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. Their objective is to facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India.

text: With increasing integration of the Indian economy with the global economy arising from greater trade and capital flows, the foreign exchange market has evolved as a key segment of the Indian financial market and RBI has an important role to play in regulating & managing this segment. RBI manages forex and gold reserves of the nation.

text: On a given day, the foreign exchange rate reflects the demand for and supply of foreign exchange arising from trade and capital transactions. The RBI’s Financial Markets Department (FMD) participates in the foreign exchange market by undertaking sales / purchases of foreign currency to ease volatility in periods of excess demand for/supply of foreign currency.

text: Issue of currency[edit]

text:
Reserve bank of India is the sole body who is authorized to issue currency in India. The bank also destroys the same when they are not fit for circulation. All the money issued by the central bank is its monetary liability, i.e., the central bank is obliged to back the currency with assets of equal value,  to enhance public confidence in paper currency. The objectives are to issue bank notes and give public adequate supply of the same, to maintain the currency and credit system of the country to utilize it in its best advantage, and to maintain the reserves. RBI maintains the economic structure of the country so that it can achieve the objective of price stability as well as economic development because both objectives are diverse in themselves.
For printing of notes, the Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited (SPMCIL), a wholly owned company of the Government of India, has set up printing presses at Nashik, Maharashtra and Dewas, Madhya Pradesh. The Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL), also has set up printing presses in Mysore in Karnataka and Salboni in West Bengal. In all, there are four printing presses.[51]
And for the minting of coins, SPMCIL has four mints at Mumbai, Noida (UP), Kolkata and Hyderabad for coin production.[51]

text: While coins and one rupee notes are minted by Government of India (GoI), the RBI works as an agent of GoI for distributing and handling of coins. RBI also works to prevent counterfeiting of currency by regularly upgrading security features of currency. For printing currency, RBI has four facilities at Dewas, Nasik, Mysore and Salboni. The RBI is authorized to issue notes up to value of Rupees ten thousands and coin up to one thousands. New notes of Rupees 500 and 2000 have been issued on 8 November 2016. The old series note of Rupees 1000 and 500 are considered  illegal and just paper from midnight on 8 November 2016. Earlier 1000 notes have been discarded by RBI.

text: Banker's bank[edit]

text: Reserve Bank of India also works as a central bank where commercial banks are account holders and can deposit money. RBI maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.[52] Commercial banks create credit. It is the duty of the RBI to control the credit through the CRR, bank rate and open market operations. As banker's bank, the RBI facilitates the clearing of cheques between the commercial banks and helps the inter-bank transfer of funds. It can grant financial accommodation to schedule banks. It acts as the lender of the last resort by providing emergency advances to the banks. It supervises the functioning of the commercial banks and takes action against it if the need arises. The RBI also advises the banks on various matters for example Corporate Social Responsibility.

text: Regulator of the Banking System[edit]

text: RBI has the responsibility of regulating the nation's financial system. As a regulator and supervisor of the Indian banking system it ensures financial stability & public confidence in the banking system. RBI uses methods like On-site inspections, off-site surveillance, scrutiny & periodic meetings to supervise new bank licenses, setting capital requirements and regulating interest rates in specific areas. RBI is currently focused on implementing Basel III norms.

text: Detection of fake currency[edit]

text: In order to curb the fake currency menace, RBI has launched a website to raise awareness among masses about fake notes in the market. www.paisaboltahai.rbi.org.in provides information about identifying fake currency.[53]

text: On 22 January 2014; RBI gave a press release stating that after 31 March 2014, it will completely withdraw from circulation of all banknotes issued prior to 2005. From 1 April 2014, the public will be required to approach banks for exchanging these notes. Banks will provide exchange facility for these notes until further communication. The reserve bank has also clarified that the notes issued before 2005 will continue to be legal tender. This would mean that banks are required to exchange the notes for their customers as well as for non-customers. From 1 July 2014, however, to exchange more than 15 pieces of `500 and `1000 notes, non-customers will have to furnish proof of identity and residence  as well as show aadhar  to the bank branch in which she/he wants to exchange the notes.

text: This move from the reserve bank is expected to unearth black money held in cash. As the new currency notes have added security features, they would help in curbing the menace of fake currency.[54]

text: Developmental role[edit]

text: The central bank has to perform a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives and industries.[18] The RBI faces a lot of inter-sectoral and local inflation-related problems. Some of these problems are results of the dominant part of the public sector.[55]

text: Key tools in this effort include Priority Sector Lending such as agriculture, micro and small enterprises (MSE), housing and education. RBI work towards strengthening and supporting small local banks and encourage banks to open branches in rural areas to include large section of society in banking net.

text: Related functions[edit]

text:
The RBI is also a banker to the government and performs merchant banking function for the central and the state governments. It also acts as their banker. The National Housing Bank (NHB) was established in 1988 to promote private real estate acquisition.[56]
The institution maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks, too.
RBI on 7 August 2012 said that Indian banking system is resilient enough to face the stress caused by the drought-like situation because of poor monsoon this year.[57]

text: custodian to foriegn exchange[edit]

text: The Reserve Bank has the custody of the country’s reserves of international currency, and this enables the Reserve Bank to deal with crisis connected with adverse balance of payments position.

text: 2016 Demonetisation[edit]

text: On 8 November 2016, the Government of India announced the demonetisation of all ₹500 (US$7.30) and ₹1,000 (US$15) banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series on the recommendation of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).[58] The government claimed that the action would curtail the shadow economy and crack down on the use of illicit and counterfeit cash to fund illegal activity and terrorism.[59][60]

text: The Reserve Bank of India laid down a detailed procedure for the exchange of the demonetised banknotes with new ₹500 and ₹2,000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series and ₹100 banknotes of the preceding Mahatma Gandhi Series. Following are the key points:

text:
Citizens will have until 30 December 2016 to tender their old banknotes at any office of the RBI or any bank branch and credit the value into their respective bank accounts.
Cash withdrawals from bank accounts were restricted to ₹10,000 per day and ₹20,000 per week per account from 10 to 13 November 2016. This limit was increased to ₹24,000 per week from 14 November.[61][62]
For immediate cash needs, the old banknotes could be exchanged for the new ₹500 and ₹2,000 banknotes as well as ₹100 banknotes over the counter of bank branches by filling up a requisition form along with a valid ID proof. It was announced that this facility would be available until 30 December 2016.
Initially, the limit was fixed at ₹4,000 per person from 8 to 13 November 2016.
This limit was increased to ₹4,500 per person from 14 to 17 November 2016.[61][62]
The limit was reduced to ₹2,000 per person from 18 November 2016.[63]
All exchange of banknotes was abruptly stopped from 25 November 2016.[64]
Initially, all ATMs were dispensing banknotes of only ₹50 and ₹100 denominations and cash withdrawals from ATMs were restricted to ₹2000 per day.[65] From 14 November onwards, ATMs recalibrated to dispense new ₹500 and ₹2000 notes will allow a maximum withdrawal of ₹2,500 per day, while other ATMs dispensing banknotes of only ₹50 and ₹100 denominations will allow a maximum withdrawal of ₹2000 per day.[61][62]

tag: ul

text: However, exceptions were given to petrol, CNG and gas stations, government hospitals, railway and airline booking counters, state-government recognised dairies and ration stores, and crematoriums to accept the old ₹500 and ₹1,000 banknotes until 11 November 2016, which was later extended to 14 November 2016 and once again to 24 November 2016.[66][67] International airports were also instructed to facilitate an exchange of notes amounting to a total value of ₹5,000 for foreign tourists and out-bound passengers.[68]

text: Under the revised guidelines issued on 17 November 2016, families were allowed to withdraw ₹250,000 for wedding expenses from one account provided it was KYC compliant. The rules were also changed for farmers who are permitted to withdraw ₹25,000 per week from their accounts against crop loan.[63][69]

text: Cash Crunch and effects[edit]

text: The scarcity of cash due to demonetisation led to chaos, and most people holding old banknotes faced difficulties exchanging them due to endless lines outside banks and ATMs across India, which became a daily routine for millions of people waiting to deposit or exchange the ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes since 9 November.[70][71][72][73] ATMs were running out of cash after a few hours of being functional, and around half the ATMs in the country were non-functional.[71] Sporadic violence was reported in New Delhi, but there were no reports of any grievous injury,[74] people attacked bank premises and ATMs,[75][76][77][78][79][80] and a ration shop was looted in Madhya Pradesh after the shop owner refused to accept ₹500 banknotes.[81][82][83][84]

text: Policy Rates and Reserve Ratios[edit]

text:
Rates as of August monetary policy meet

Policy rates

Policy Repo Rate
6.50%

Reverse Repo Rate
6.25%

Marginal Standing Facility Rate
6.75%

Bank Rate
6.75%

Reserve ratios

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
4%

Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)
19.5%

Lending and deposit rates

Base Rate
8.65%–9.45%

MCLR (overnight)
7.70%–7.95%

Savings Deposit Rate
3.50%–4.00%

Term Deposit Rate for > 1year
6.25%–6.75%

tag: table

text: Repo Rate[edit]

text: Repo (Repurchase) rate also known as the benchmark interest rate is the rate at which the RBI lends money to the commercial banks for a short-term (max. 90 days). When the repo rate increases, borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive. If RBI wants to make it more expensive for the banks to borrow money, it increases the repo rate similarly, if it wants to make it cheaper for banks to borrow money it reduces the repo rate. If the repo rate is increased, banks can't carry out their business at a profit whereas the very opposite happens when the repo rate is cut down. Generally, repo rates are cut down whenever the country needs to progress in banking and economy. Currently, the new RBI governor Sri Urjit Patel has cut the previous Repo rate to 6% for facilitation of India's economy.

text: In its fifth bi-monthly Monetary policy review on 6 December 2017, RBI unchanged Repo Rate and kept at 6%.

text: If banks want to borrow money (for short term, usually overnight) from RBI then banks have to charge this interest rate. currently, Repo rate is set to 6% w.e.f 9 August 2017. Banks have to pledge government securities as collateral. This kind of deal happens through a re-purchase agreement. If a bank wants to borrow Rs. 100 crores, it has to provide government securities at least worth Rs. 100 crore (could be more because of margin requirement which is 5%-10% of loan amount) and agree to repurchase them at Rs. 106.75 crore at the end of borrowing period. So the bank has paid Rs. 6.75 crore as interest. This is the reason it is called repo rate. The government securities which are provided by banks as collateral can not come from SLR quota (otherwise the SLR will go below 19.5% of NDTL and attract penalty). Banks have to provide these securities additionally.

text: To curb inflation, RBI increases Repo rate which will make borrowing costly for banks. Banks will pass this increased cost to their customers which make borrowing costly in whole economy. Fewer people will apply for loan and aggregate demand will get reduced. This will result in inflation coming down. RBI does the opposite to fight deflation. Although when RBI reduce Repo rate, banks are not legally required to reduce their base rate.

text: Reverse Repo Rate (RRR)[edit]

text: As the name suggest, reverse repo rate is just the opposite of repo rate. Reverse Repo rate is the short term borrowing rate at which RBI borrows money from banks. The reserve bank uses this tool when it feels there is too much money floating in the banking system. An increase in the reverse repo rate means that the banks will get a higher rate of interest from RBI. As a result, banks prefer to lend their money to RBI which is always safe instead of lending it to others (people, companies etc.) which is always risky.

text: Repo Rate signifies the rate at which liquidity is injected into the banking system by RBI, whereas Reverse Repo rate signifies the rate at which the central bank absorbs liquidity from the banks. Currently, Reverse Repo Rate is pegged to be 0.25% below Repo Rate.

text: Statutory liquidity ratio (SLR)[edit]

text: Apart from the CRR, banks are required to maintain liquid assets in the form of gold, cash and approved securities. Higher liquidity ratio forces commercial banks to maintain a larger proportion of their resources in liquid form and thus reduces their capacity to grant loans and advances, thus it is an anti-inflationary impact. A higher liquidity ratio diverts the bank funds from loans and advances to investment in government and approved securities. In well-developed economies, central banks use open market operations—buying and selling of eligible securities by the central bank in the money market—to influence the volume of cash reserves with commercial banks and thus influence the volume of loans and advances they can make to the commercial and industrial sectors. In the open money market, government securities are traded at market-related rates of interest. The RBI is resorting more to open market operations in the more recent years. Generally, RBI uses

text:
Minimum margins for lending against specific securities.
Ceiling on the amounts of credit for certain purposes.
The discriminatory rate of interest charged on certain types of advances.

tag: ol

text: Direct credit controls in India are of three types:

text:
Part of the interest rate structure, i.e., on small savings and provident funds, are administratively set.
Banks are mandatory required to keep 19.50% of their NDTL (Net Demand and Time Liabilities) in the form of liquid assets.
Banks are required to lend to the priority sectors to the extent of 40% of their advances.

text: The share of net demand and time liabilities that banks must maintain in safe and liquid assets, such as government securities, cash and gold. The present SLR is 19.5%.[85]

text: Bank Rate[edit]

text: It is defined in Sec 49 of RBI Act of 1934 as the ‘standard rate at which RBI is prepared to buy or rediscount bills of exchange or other commercial papers eligible for purchase'. When banks want to borrow long term funds from RBI, it is the interest rate which RBI charges to them. It is currently set to 6.75%[86](Second Bi-monthly Monetary Policy Statement, 2018–19). The bank rate is not used to control money supply these days. Although penal rates are linked to bank rate. If a bank fails to keep SLR or CRR then RBI will impose penalty & it will be 300 basis points above bank rate.

text: Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF)[edit]

text: Liquidity Adjustment facility was introduced in 2000. LAF is a facility provided by the Reserve Bank of India to scheduled commercial banks to avail of liquidity in case of need or to park excess funds with the RBI on an overnight basis against the collateral of Government securities. RBI accept application for a minimum amount of Rs.5 crore and in multiples of Rs. 5 crore thereafter. LAF enables liquidity management on a day-to-day basis. The operations of LAF are conducted by way of repurchase agreements called Repos & Reverse Repos.

text: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)[edit]

text: CRR refers to the ratio of bank’s cash reserve balances with RBI with reference to the bank’s net demand & time liabilities to ensure the liquidity & solvency of the scheduled banks. The share of net demand and time liabilities that banks must maintain as cash with RBI. The RBI has set CRR at 4%. 1% change in it today affects the economy with Rs. 96000 crores. An increase sucks this amount from the economy, while a decrease injects this  amount into the economy.So if a bank has 200 Crore of NDTL then it has to keep Rs. 8 Crore in cash with RBI. RBI pays no interest on CRR.

text: Let's assume economy is showing inflationary trends & RBI wants to control this situation by adjusting SLR & CRR. If RBI increases SLR to 50% and CRR to 20% then bank will be left only with Rs. 60 crore for operations. Now it will be very difficult for bank to maintain profitability with such small capital. Bank will be left with no choice but to raise interest rate which will make borrowing costly. This will in turn reduce the overall demand & hence price will come down eventually.

text: Open Market Operation (OMO)[edit]

text: Open market operation is the activity of buying and selling of government securities in open market to control the supply of money in banking system. When there is excess supply of money, central bank sells government securities thereby sucking out excess liquidity. Similarly, when liquidity is tight, RBI will buy government securities and thereby inject money supply into the economy.

text: Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)[edit]

text: This scheme was introduced in May, 2011 and all the scheduled commercial bank can participate in this scheme. Banks can borrow up to 2.5%[87] percent of their respective Net Demand and Time Liabilities. RBI receive application under this facility for a minimum amount of Rs. One crore and in multiples of Rs. One crore thereafter. The important difference with repo rate is that bank can pledge government securities from SLR quota (up to one percent). So even if SLR goes below 20.5%(RBI/2014-15/445 DBR.Ret.BC.70/12.02.001/2014-15, dt. 16.10.2016) by pledging SLR quota securities under MSF, bank will not have to pay any penalty. The MSF rate is set to 100 basis point above bank rate and currently is at 6.50% as of 1.6.17.[88][better source needed]

text: Qualitative Tools[edit]

text: Margin Requirements or LTV[edit]

text: Loan to Value is the ratio of loan amount to the actual value of asset purchased. RBI regulates this ratio so as to control the amount bank can lend to its customers. For example, if an individual wants to buy a car from borrowed money and the car value is Rs. 10 Lac, he can only avail a loan amount of Rs. 7 Lac if the LTV is set to 70%. RBI can decrease or increase to curb inflation or deflation respectively.

text: Selective credit control[edit]

text: Under this measure, RBI can specifically instruct banks not to give loans to traders of certain commodities e.g. sugar, edible oil etc. This prevents speculations/ hoarding of commodities using money borrowed from banks.

text: Moral Suasion[edit]

text: Under this measure RBI try to persuade bank through meetings, conferences, media statements to do specific things under certain economic trends. For example, when RBI reduces repo rate, it asks banks to reduce their base rate as well. Another example of this measure is to ask banks to reduce their Non-performing assets (NPAs).

text: Limitations of Monetary Policy[edit]

text: In developing countries like India, Monetary Policy fails to show immediate or no results because of below factors:

text:
People do not employ alternative investment options. A large section of society still depends on saving accounts, fixed deposits, Public Provident Fund for investment. Commercial banks have large deposits. RBI is not the main or even prominent money supplier for these banks. So whatever monetary action central bank takes has little or late impact on the economy.
Many people in rural areas are out of banking net and whatever RBI does has no impact on their financial activities.
Monsoon uncertainty adversely affects food production and thereby cause food inflation. Monetary Policy has no impact on food inflation.

text: Publications[edit]

text: A report titled "Trend and Progress of Banking In India" is published annually, as required by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The report sums up trends and developments throughout the financial sector.[89] Starting in April 2014, the Reserve Bank of India publishes bi-monthly policy updates.[90]

text: Further reading[edit]

text:
S. L. N. Simha. History of the Reserve Bank of India, Volume 1: 1935–1951. RBI. 1970. ISBN 81-7596-247-X. (2005 reprint PDF)
Reserve Bank of India: Functions and Working. RBI. 2005.(2005 reprint PDF )
G. Balachandran. The Reserve Bank of India, 1951–1967. Oxford University Press. 1998. ISBN 0-19-564468-9. (PDF)
A. Vasudevan et al. The Reserve Bank of India, Volume 3: 1967–1981. RBI. 2005. ISBN 81-7596-299-2. (PDF)
Cecil Kisch: Review "The Monetary Policy of the Reserve Bank of India" by K. N. Raj. In: The Economic Journal. Vol. 59, No. 235 (Sep., 1949), pp. 436–438.
Findlay G. Shirras: The Reserve Bank of India. In The Economic Journal. Vol. 44, No. 174 (Jun., 1934), pp. 258–274.
Narenda Jadhav, Partha Ray, Dhritidyuti Bose, Indranil Sen Gupta: The Reserve Bank of India’s Balance Sheet: Analytics and Dynamics of Evolution, November 2004.