document_title: List of black Primetime Emmy Award winners and nominees

question_text: first african-american actress to win an emmy award

question_tokens: first african-american actress to win an emmy award

text: List of black Primetime Emmy Award winners and nominees

text: Facts and figures[edit]

text:
As of the 69th Primetime Emmys in 2017, at least one African American has won in every acting category except Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.
Harry Belafonte and Sammy Davis Jr. were both nominated and therefore both were the first black nominees in 1956.
Ethel Waters became the first dramatic performance nominee (male or female) in 1962, and was the first black female nominee.
Harry Belafonte became the first winner (male or female) in 1960.
Bill Cosby became the first dramatic performance winner (male or female) in 1966.

text: Most nominations[edit]

text:
Debbie Allen - 19
Chris Rock - 19
Alfre Woodard - 17
Cicely Tyson - 14
Jacqueline Glover - 13
Andre Braugher - 10
Laurence Fishburne - 10
Keegan-Michael Key - 10
Donald Glover - 9
Whoopi Goldberg - 9
Samuel D. Pollard - 9
Wanda Sykes - 9
Paris Barclay - 8
Don Cheadle - 8
Bill Cosby - 8
James Earl Jones - 8
Jordan Peele - 8
Anthony Anderson - 7
Louis Gossett, Jr. - 7
Isabel Sanford - 7
Hayma "Screech" Washington - 7
Flip Wilson - 7
Thomas Carter - 6
Suzanne de Passe - 6
Ruby Dee - 6
Robert Guillaume - 6
Oprah Winfrey - 6

text: Most wins[edit]

text:
Hayma "Screech" Washington - 7
Jacqueline Glover - 5
Bill Cosby - 4
Chris Rock - 4
Alfre Woodard - 4
Debbie Allen - 3
Keith David - 3
Stanley Nelson - 3
Samuel D. Pollard - 3
Cicely Tyson - 3
Uzo Aduba - 2
Paris Barclay - 2
Andre Braugher - 2
Sterling K. Brown - 2
Suzanne de Passe - 2
Ja'Net DuBois - 2
Ava DuVernay - 2
Donald Glover - 2
Robert Guillaume - 2
James Earl Jones - 2
Regina King - 2
RuPaul - 2
Flip Wilson - 2

text: Lead Actor[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1970

Bill Cosby

The Bill Cosby Show

Nominated

First black actor to be nominated in this category.

Lloyd Haynes

Room 222

Nominated

First black actor to be nominated in this category.

1972

Redd Foxx

Sanford and Son

Nominated

1973

Nominated

1974

Nominated

1980

Robert Guillaume

Benson

Nominated

1982

Nominated

1983

Nominated

1984

Nominated

Sherman Hemsley

The Jeffersons

Nominated

1985

Robert Guillaume

Benson

Won

First black actor to win in this category.

1988

Tim Reid

Frank's Place

Nominated

2002

Bernie Mac

The Bernie Mac Show

Nominated

2003

Nominated

2012

Don Cheadle

House of Lies

Nominated

2013

Nominated

2014

Nominated

2015

Nominated

Anthony Anderson

black-ish

Nominated

2016

Nominated

2017

Nominated

Donald Glover

Atlanta

Won

Second black actor to win in this category.

2018

Anthony Anderson

black-ish

Pending

Donald Glover

Atlanta

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1966

Bill Cosby

I Spy

Won

First African American (male or female) to win a Primetime Emmy.First African-American actor to be nominated for a Primetime Emmy.First African-American actor to win a Primetime Emmy.First black actor to be nominated in this category.First actor to win in this category.

1967

Won

1968

Won

1981

Louis Gossett Jr.

Palmerstown, U.S.A.

Nominated

1991

James Earl Jones

Gabriel's Fire

Won

Second black actor to win in this category.

1992

Harrison Page

Quantum Leap

Nominated

1996

Andre Braugher

Homicide: Life on the Street

Nominated

1998

Won

Third black actor to win in this category.

2001

Gideon's Crossing

Nominated

2017

Sterling K. Brown

This Is Us

Won

Fourth black actor to win in this category.

2018

Pending

Jeffrey Wright

Westworld

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1967

Ivan Dixon

The Final War of Olly Winter (CBS Playhouse)

Nominated

First black actor to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Best Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role.

1969

Ossie Davis

Teacher, Teacher (Hallmark Hall of Fame)

Nominated

Category was known as Best Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role.

1970

Al Freeman Jr.

My Sweet Charlie

Nominated

Category was known as Best Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role.

1972

Billy Dee Williams

Brian's Song

Nominated

Category was known as Best Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role.

1977

Louis Gossett Jr.

Roots

Won

First black actor to win in this category.Category was known as Best Actor in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

Levar Burton

Nominated

Category was known as Best Actor in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

Ben Vereen

Nominated

Category was known as Best Actor in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

John Amos

Nominated

Category was known as Best Actor in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

1978

Paul Winfield

King

Nominated

Category was known as Best Actor in a Limited Series.

1979

Louis Gossett Jr.

Backstairs at the White House

Nominated

1984

Sadat

Nominated

1987

A Gathering of Old Men

Nominated

1988

Danny Glover

Mandela

Nominated

1991

Sidney Poitier

Separate but Equal

Nominated

1995

Charles S. Dutton

The Piano Lesson (Hallmark Hall of Fame)

Nominated

1996

Laurence Fishburne

The Tuskegee Airmen

Nominated

1997

Miss Evers' Boys

Nominated

Sidney Poitier

Mandela and de Klerk

Nominated

1998

Ving Rhames

Don King: Only in America

Nominated

1999

Don Cheadle

A Lesson Before Dying

Nominated

2001

Gregory Hines

Bojangles

Nominated

2004

Mos Def

Something the Lord Made

Nominated

2006

Andre Braugher

Thief

Won

Second black actor to win in this category.

2011

Idris Elba

Luther

Nominated

Laurence Fishburne

Thurgood

Nominated

2012

Idris Elba

Luther

Nominated

2014

Chiwetel Ejiofor

Dancing on the Edge

Nominated

Idris Elba

Luther

Nominated

2015

David Oyelowo

Nightingale

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or a Movie.

2016

Idris Elba

Luther

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

Cuba Gooding Jr.

The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

Courtney B. Vance

Won

Third black actor to win in this category.Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

2018

John Legend

Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert

Pending

Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

text: Lead Actress[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1969

Diahann Carroll

Julia

Nominated

First black actress to be nominated in this category.

1979

Isabel Sanford

The Jeffersons

Nominated

1980

Nominated

1981

Won

First black actress to win in this category.

1982

Nominated

Nell Carter

Gimme a Break!

Nominated

1983

Nominated

Isabel Sanford

The Jeffersons

Nominated

1984

Nominated

1985

Nominated

Phylicia Rashad

The Cosby Show

Nominated

1986

Nominated

2016

Tracee Ellis Ross

black-ish

Nominated

2017

Nominated

2018

Issa Rae

Insecure

Pending

Tracee Ellis Ross

black-ish

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1982

Debbie Allen

Fame

Nominated

First black actress to be nominated in this category.

1983

Nominated

1984

Nominated

1985

Nominated

1986

Alfre Woodard

St. Elsewhere

Nominated

1992

Regina Taylor

I'll Fly Away

Nominated

1993

Nominated

1995

Cicely Tyson

Sweet Justice

Nominated

2013

Kerry Washington

Scandal

Nominated

2014

Nominated

2015

Viola Davis

How to Get Away with Murder

Won

First time two black actresses simultaneously nominated in this category.First black actress to win in this category.

Taraji P. Henson

Empire

Nominated

First time two black actresses simultaneously nominated in this category.

2016

Viola Davis

How to Get Away with Murder

Nominated

Taraji P. Henson

Empire

Nominated

2017

Viola Davis

How to Get Away with Murder

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Lead Role[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1962

Ethel Waters

"Goodnight, Sweet Blues" episode of Route 66

Nominated

First black performer (male or female) to be nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for dramatic performance.First black woman to be nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award.First black actress to be nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award.First black actress to be nominated in this category.Guest performances in regular television series were included in the category at this time.

1963

Diahann Carroll

"A Horse Has a Big Head, Let Him Worry" episode of Naked City

Nominated

1964

Ruby Dee

"Express Stop from Lenox Avenue" episode of The Nurses

Nominated

1966

Eartha Kitt

"The Loser" episode of I Spy

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1974

Cicely Tyson

The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman

Won

First black actress to be nominated in this category.First black actress to win in this category.First black actress to win a Primetime Emmy.Category was known as Best Lead Actress in a Drama.

1977

Leslie Uggams

Roots

Nominated

Category was known as Best Actress in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

Madge Sinclair

Nominated

Category was known as Best Actress in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

1978

Cicely Tyson

King

Nominated

Category was known as Best Actress in a Limited Series.

1979

Olivia Cole

Backstairs at the White House

Nominated

1982

Cicely Tyson

The Marva Collins Story (Hallmark Hall of Fame)

Nominated

1987

Alfre Woodard

Unnatural Causes

Nominated

1990

A Mother's Courage: The Mary Thomas Story (The Magical World of Disney)

Nominated

1991

Lynn Whitfield

The Josephine Baker Story

Won

Second black actress to win in this category.

1995

Alfre Woodard

The Piano Lesson (Hallmark Hall of Fame)

Nominated

1997

Miss Evers' Boys

Won

Third black actress to win in this category.

2000

Halle Berry

Introducing Dorothy Dandridge

Won

Fourth black actress to win in this category.

2002

Angela Bassett

The Rosa Parks Story

Nominated

2005

S. Epatha Merkerson

Lackawanna Blues

Won

Fifth black actress to win in this category.

Halle Berry

Their Eyes Were Watching God

Nominated

2007

Queen Latifah

Life Support

Nominated

2008

Phylicia Rashad

A Raisin in the Sun

Nominated

2009

Chandra Wilson

Accidental Friendship

Nominated

2011

Taraji P. Henson

Taken from Me: The Tiffany Rubin Story

Nominated

2014

Cicely Tyson

The Trip to Bountiful

Nominated

2015

Queen Latifah

Bessie

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or a Movie.

2016

Audra McDonald

Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.

Kerry Washington

Confirmation

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.

2018

Regina King

Seven Seconds

Pending

Category was known as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.

text: Guest Actor[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1976

Roscoe Lee Browne

Barney Miller

Nominated

First black actor to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Best Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in Comedy or Drama Series.

1986

The Cosby Show

Won

First black actor to win in this category.Category was known as Guest Performer in a Comedy Series.

Earle Hyman

Nominated

Category was known as Guest Performer in a Comedy Series.

Stevie Wonder

Nominated

Category was known as Guest Performer in a Comedy Series.

1989

Sammy Davis Jr.

Nominated

Cleavon Little

Dear John

Won

Second black actor to win in this category.

1997

James Earl Jones

Frasier

Nominated

2011

Idris Elba

The Big C

Nominated

2016

Tracy Morgan

Saturday Night Live

Nominated

2017

Dave Chappelle

Won

Third black actor to win in this category.

2018

Sterling K. Brown

Brooklyn Nine-Nine

Pending

Donald Glover

Saturday Night Live

Pending

Katt Williams

Atlanta

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1993

Laurence Fishburne

Tribeca

Won

First black actor to be nominated in this category.First black actor to win in this category.

1994

James Earl Jones

Picket Fences

Nominated

1995

Paul Winfield

Won

Second black actor to win in this category.

Vondie Curtis-Hall

ER

Nominated

1996

Danny Glover

Fallen Angels

Nominated

Richard Pryor

Chicago Hope

Nominated

1997

Louis Gossett Jr.

Touched by an Angel

Nominated

1999

Charles Dutton

Oz

Nominated

2002

The Practice

Won

Third black actor to win in this category.

Don Cheadle

ER

Nominated

2003

Charles Dutton

Without a Trace

Won

2004

James Earl Jones

Everwood

Nominated

2005

Ossie Davis

The L Word

Nominated

2007

Forest Whitaker

ER

Nominated

2008

Glynn Turman

In Treatment

Won

Fourth black actor to win in this category.

2014

Joe Morton

Scandal

Won

Fifth black actor to win in this category.

Reg E. Cathey

House of Cards

Nominated

2015

Won

Sixth black actor to win in this category.

2016

Nominated

Mahershala Ali

Nominated

2017

Brian Tyree Henry

This Is Us

Nominated

2018

Ron Cephas Jones

Pending

text: Guest Actress[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1986

Clarice Taylor

The Cosby Show

Nominated

First black actress to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Guest Performer in a Comedy Series.

1988

Beah Richards

Frank's Place

Won

First black actress to win in this category.Category was known as Guest Performer in a Comedy Series.

1989

Diahann Carroll

A Different World

Nominated

First black actress to be nominated in this category (separate categories for actors and actresses).

1991

Whoopi Goldberg

Nominated

1993

Ruby Dee

Evening Shade

Nominated

2012

Maya Rudolph

Saturday Night Live

Nominated

2014

Uzo Aduba

Orange Is the New Black

Won

Laverne Cox

Nominated

First openly transgender person to be nominated for an acting Emmy

2017

Angela Bassett

Master of None

Nominated

Wanda Sykes

Black-ish

Nominated

2018

Tiffany Haddish

Saturday Night Live

Pending

Maya Rudolph

The Good Place

Pending

Wanda Sykes

Black-ish

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1986

Whoopi Goldberg

Moonlighting

Nominated

First black actress to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Guest Performer in a Drama Series.

1987

Alfre Woodard

L.A. Law

Won

First black actress to win in this category.Category was known as Guest Performer in a Drama Series.

1988

St. Elsewhere

Nominated

Category was known as Guest Performer in a Drama Series.

1990

Ruby Dee

China Beach

Nominated

1993

Rosanna Carter

I'll Fly Away

Nominated

1995

CCH Pounder

The X-Files

Nominated

1998

Alfre Woodard

Homicide: Life on the Street

Nominated

2000

Beah Richards

The Practice

Won

Second black actress to win in this category.

2003

Alfre Woodard

Won

Third black actress to win in this category.

2008

Diahann Carroll

Grey's Anatomy

Nominated

2009

CCH Pounder

The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency

Nominated

2011

Alfre Woodard

True Blood

Nominated

Loretta Devine

Grey's Anatomy

Won

Fourth black actress to win in this category.

2012

Nominated

2015

Khandi Alexander

Scandal

Nominated

Cicely Tyson

How to Get Away with Murder

Nominated

2017

Nominated

Laverne Cox

Orange Is the New Black

Nominated

2018

Viola Davis

Scandal

Pending

Kelly Jenrette

The Handmaid's Tale

Pending

Cicely Tyson

How to Get Away with Murder

Pending

Samira Wiley

The Handmaid's Tale

Pending

text: Supporting Actor[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1979

Robert Guillaume

Soap

Won

First black actor to be nominated in this category.First to win in this category.Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Comedy-Variety or Music Series.

1982

Ron Glass

Barney Miller

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Variety or Music Series.

1983

Eddie Murphy

Saturday Night Live

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy, Variety or Music Series.

1986

Malcolm-Jamal Warner

The Cosby Show

Nominated

1989

Meshach Taylor

Designing Women

Nominated

2009

Tracy Morgan

30 Rock

Nominated

2014

Andre Braugher

Brooklyn Nine-Nine

Nominated

2015

Nominated

Tituss Burgess

Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt

Nominated

Keegan-Michael Key

Key & Peele

Nominated

2016

Andre Braugher

Brooklyn Nine-Nine

Nominated

Tituss Burgess

Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt

Nominated

Keegan-Michael Key

Key & Peele

Nominated

2017

Tituss Burgess

Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt

Nominated

2018

Pending

Brian Tyree Henry

Atlanta

Pending

Kenan Thompson

Saturday Night Live

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1969

Greg Morris

Mission: Impossible

Nominated

First black actor to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Best Continued Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series.

1970

Nominated

Category was known as Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Drama.

1972

Nominated

Category was known as Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Drama.

1982

Taurean Blacque

Hill Street Blues

Nominated

1995

James Earl Jones

Under One Roof

Nominated

Eriq La Salle

ER

Nominated

1996

James McDaniel

NYPD Blue

Nominated

1997

Eriq La Salle

ER

Nominated

1998

Nominated

1999

Steve Harris

The Practice

Nominated

2000

Nominated

2002

Dulé Hill

The West Wing

Nominated

2010

Andre Braugher

Men of a Certain Age

Nominated

2011

Nominated

2012

Giancarlo Esposito

Breaking Bad

Nominated

2017

Ron Cephas Jones

This Is Us

Nominated

Jeffrey Wright

Westworld

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1977

Yaphet Kotto

Raid on Entebbe (The Big Event)

Nominated

First black actor to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special.

Moses Gunn

Roots

Nominated

First black actor to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Best Supporting Actor in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

1978

Ossie Davis

King

Nominated

Category was known as Best Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.

1979

Al Freeman

Roots: The Next Generations

Nominated

Paul Winfield

Nominated

1989

Danny Glover

Lonesome Dove

Nominated

1990

James Earl Jones

By Dawn's Early Light

Nominated

1991

Heat Wave

Won

First African American to win in this category.

1992

Ben Vereen

Intruders

Nominated

1996

Andre Braugher

The Tuskegee Airmen

Nominated

1997

Obba Babatundé

Miss Evers' Boys

Nominated

Ossie Davis

Nominated

1999

Don Cheadle

The Rat Pack

Nominated

2000

Danny Glover

Freedom Song

Nominated

2002

Don Cheadle

Things Behind the Sun

Nominated

2004

Jeffrey Wright

Angels in America

Won

Second African American to win in this category.

2015

Michael Kenneth Williams

Bessie

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or a Movie.

2016

Sterling K. Brown

The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story

Won

Third African American to win in this category.Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

Bokeem Woodbine

Fargo

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

2017

Michael Kenneth Williams

The Night Of

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

2018

Brandon Victor Dixon

Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert

Pending

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

text: Supporting Actress[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1981

Marla Gibbs

The Jeffersons

Nominated

First black actress to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy or Variety or Music Series.

1982

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy or Variety or Music Series.

1983

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy, Variety or Music Series.

1984

Nominated

Paula Kelly

Night Court

Nominated

1985

Marla Gibbs

The Jeffersons

Nominated

1986

Lisa Bonet

The Cosby Show

Nominated

Keshia Knight Pulliam

Nominated

1987

Jackee Harry

227

Won

First black actress to win in this category.

1988

Nominated

2006

Alfre Woodard

Desperate Housewives

Nominated

2007

Vanessa Williams

Ugly Betty

Nominated

2008

Nominated

2009

Nominated

2015

Niecy Nash

Getting On

Nominated

2016

Nominated

2017

Leslie Jones

Saturday Night Live

Nominated

2018

Zazie Beetz

Atlanta

Pending

Leslie Jones

Saturday Night Live

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1970

Gail Fisher

Mannix

Won

First black actress to be nominated in this category.First black actress to win in this category.

1971

Nominated

1972

Nominated

1973

Nominated

1983

Madge Sinclair

Trapper John, M.D.

Nominated

1984

Nominated

Alfre Woodard

Hill Street Blues

Won

Second black actress to win in this category.

1985

Madge Sinclair

Trapper John, M.D.

Nominated

1991

Gabriel's Fire

Won

Third black actress to win in this category.

1992

Mary Alice

I'll Fly Away

Nominated

1993

Won

Fourth black actress to win in this category.

1997

CCH Pounder

ER

Nominated

Della Reese

Touched by an Angel

Nominated

Gloria Reuben

ER

Nominated

1998

Della Reese

Touched by an Angel

Nominated

Gloria Reuben

ER

Nominated

2005

CCH Pounder

The Shield

Nominated

2006

Chandra Wilson

Grey's Anatomy

Nominated

2007

Nominated

2008

Nominated

2009

Nominated

2015

Uzo Aduba

Orange Is the New Black

Won

Fifth black actress to win in this category.With this win, she becomes first actress to win for same role in both Comedy and Drama categories.

2017

Nominated

Thandie Newton

Westworld

Nominated

Samira Wiley

The Handmaid's Tale

Nominated

2018

Thandie Newton

Westworld

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1977

Olivia Cole

Roots

Won

First black actress to be nominated in this category.First black actress to win in this category.Category was known as Best Supporting Actress in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

Cicely Tyson

Nominated

First black actress to be nominated in this category.Category was known as Best Supporting Actress in a Drama or Comedy Series, Single Appearance.

1979

Ruby Dee

Roots: The Next Generations

Nominated

1979

Esther Rolle

Summer of My German Soldier

Won

Second black actress to win in this category.

1985

Alfre Woodard

Words by Heart (Wonderworks)

Nominated

1988

Ruby Dee

Gore Vidal's Lincoln

Nominated

1989

Paula Kelly

The Women of Brewster Place

Nominated

1991

Ruby Dee

Decoration Day

Won

Third black actress to win in this category.

1994

Cicely Tyson

Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All

Won

Fourth black actress to win in this category.

1996

Alfre Woodard

Gulliver's Travels

Nominated

1999

Cicely Tyson

A Lesson Before Dying

Nominated

2001

Audra McDonald

Wit

Nominated

2006

Alfre Woodard

The Water Is Wide (Hallmark Hall of Fame Presentation)

Nominated

2008

Audra McDonald

A Raisin in the Sun

Nominated

Alfre Woodard

Pictures of Hollis Woods (Hallmark Hall of Fame Presentation)

Nominated

2009

Cicely Tyson

Relative Stranger

Nominated

2013

Alfre Woodard

Steel Magnolias

Nominated

2014

Angela Bassett

American Horror Story: Coven

Nominated

2015

American Horror Story: Freak Show

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Movie.

Regina King

American Crime

Won

Fifth black actress to win in this category.Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Movie.

Mo'Nique

Bessie

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Movie.

2016

Regina King

American Crime

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.

2017

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.

2018

Adina Porter

American Horror Story: Cult

Pending

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.

Letitia Wright

Black Museum (Black Mirror)

Pending

Category was known as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.

text: Short Form Acting[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actor in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actor in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2017

Kim Estes

Dicks

Won

First black actor to be nominated in this category.First black actor to win in this category.

2018

Melvin Jackson Jr.

This Eddie Murphy Role Is Mine, Not Yours

Pending

DeStorm Power

Caught The Series

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2016

Tracie Thoms

Send Me: an original web series

Nominated

First black actress to be nominated in this category.

2017

Kelsey Scott

Fear the Walking Dead: Passage

Nominated

2018

Diarra Kilpatrick

American Koko

Pending

text: Hosting[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2016

Steve Harvey

Little Big Shots

Nominated

First African American to be nominated in this category.

RuPaul

RuPaul's Drag Race

Won

First African American to be nominated in this category.First African American to win in this category.

2017

Won

Snoop Dogg

Martha & Snoop's Potluck Dinner Party

Nominated

W. Kamau Bell

United Shades of America

Nominated

2018

Pending

RuPaul

RuPaul's Drag Race

Pending

text: Narrator and Voice-Over[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2016

Keegan-Michael Key

SuperMansion

Nominated

First African American to be nominated in this category.

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2014

Whoopi Goldberg

Whoopi Goldberg Presents Moms Mabley

Nominated

First African American to be nominated in this category.First year of category.

2015

Neil deGrasse Tyson

Hubble's Cosmic Journey

Nominated

2016

Keith David

Jackie Robinson

Won

First African American to win in this category.

Laurence Fishburne

Roots

Nominated

2017

Year Million

Nominated

2018

Morgan Freeman

March Of The Penguins 2: The Next Step

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1999

Ja'net Dubois

The PJs

Won

First African American to be nominated in this category.First African American to win in this category.

2001

Won

2005

Keith David

Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson

Won

Second African American to win in this category.

2008

The War

Won

text: Performance and Special Class Awards[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Best Specialty Act - Single or Group[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Best Specialty Act - Single or Group

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1956

Harry Belafonte

Nominated

First African American to be nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award (tie with Sammy Davis Jr.). First African American to be nominated in this category (tie with Sammy Davis Jr.).

1956

Sammy Davis Jr.

Nominated

First African American to be nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award (tie with Harry Belafonte).  First African American to be nominated in this category (tie with Harry Belafonte).

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1960

Harry Belafonte

Tonight with Belafonte (The Revlon Revue)

Won

First African American to be nominated in this category.First African American to win in this category.Category was known as Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Musical Program.

1961

Belafonte New York

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Musical Program or Series.

1977

Ben Vereen

The Bell Telephone Jubilee

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in Variety or Music.

1978

Louis Gossett Jr.

The Sentry Collection Presents Ben Vereen-His Roots

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in Variety or Music.

1983

Leontyne Price

Leontyne Price, Zubin Mehta and the New York Philharmonic (Live from Lincoln Center)

Won

Second African American to win in this category.

Michael Jackson

Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever

Nominated

Richard Pryor

Nominated

1984

Debbie Allen

Live...And in Person

Nominated

Eddie Murphy

Saturday Night Live

Nominated

1985

Gregory Hines

Motown Returns to the Apollo

Nominated

Patti LaBelle

Nominated

1986

Sylvia Fine Kaye's Musical Comedy Tonight III (Great Performances)

Nominated

Whitney Houston

The 28th Annual Grammy Awards

Won

Third African American to win in this category.

Sarah Vaughan

Nominated

Debbie Allen

An All Star Celebration Honoring Martin Luther King, Jr.

Nominated

Stevie Wonder

Nominated

1988

Ray Charles

Irving Berlin's 100th Birthday Celebration

Nominated

1991

Damon Wayans

In Living Color

Nominated

Keenen Ivory Wayans

Nominated

1992

Natalie Cole

Unforgettable, with Love: Natalie Cole Sings the Songs of Nat King Cole (Great Performances)

Nominated

1994

Whoopi Goldberg

The 66th Annual Academy Awards

Nominated

1996

The 68th Annual Academy Awards

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Performance for a Variety or Music Program.

Comic Relief VII

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Performance for a Variety or Music Program.

1999

Chris Rock

The Chris Rock Show

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Music Program.

2000

Chris Rock: Bigger and Blacker

Nominated

2001

Wayne Brady

Whose Line Is It Anyway?

Nominated

2002

Nominated

2003

Won

Fourth African American to win in this category.

2005

Whoopi Goldberg

Whoopi Back to Broadway - The 20th Anniversary

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement - Special Class[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement - Special Class

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1981

Sarah Vaughan

Rhapsody and Song-A Tribute to George Gershwin

Won

1982

Andre De Shields

Ain't Misbehavin'

Won

Nell Carter

Won

Gregory Hines

I Love Liberty

Nominated

text: Casting[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1996

Robi Reed

The Tuskegee Airmen

Won

First African American to win in this category.

1998

Robi Reed

Don King: Only in America

Nominated

1999

Robi Reed

A Lesson Before Dying

Nominated

text: Choreography[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1976

Lester Wilson

Lola!

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Achievement in Choreography.

1977

Donald McKayle

Minstrel Man

Nominated

1980

Lester Wilson

Uptown-A Musical Comedy History of Harlem's Apollo

Nominated

1981

Sixty Years of Seduction

Nominated

1982

Debbie Allen

Fame

Won

1983

Won

Lester Wilson

Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever

Nominated

1984

Debbie Allen

Fame Takes a Look at Music ‘83

Nominated

1985

Fame

Nominated

1989

The Debbie Allen Special

Nominated

1990

Polly (The Magical World of Disney)

Nominated

1991

Motown 30: What's Goin' On!

Won

George Faison

The Josephine Baker Story

Nominated

Lester Wilson

America's Dance Honors

Nominated

1992

Comic Relief V

Nominated

Debbie Allen

The 64th Annual Academy Awards

Nominated

1993

The 65th Annual Academy Awards

Nominated

1995

The 67th Annual Academy Awards

Nominated

1996

Travis Payne, LaVelle Smith

1995 MTV Video Music Awards

Nominated

1999

Judith Jamison

Dance in America: A Hymn for Alvin Ailey (Great Performances)

Won

Debbie Allen

The 71st Annual Academy Awards

Nominated

2008

Shane Sparks

So You Think You Can Dance

Nominated

2018

Chloe Arnold

The Late Late Show with James Corden

Pending

text: Costume Design[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Contemporary Costumes[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Contemporary Costumes

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2018

Devon Patterson

black-ish

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction or Reality Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction or Reality Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2016

Paul Tazewell

The Wiz Live!

Won

2018

Paul Tazewell

Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert

Pending

Category was known as Outstanding Costumes For Variety, Nonfiction Or Reality Programming

text: Directing[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1993

Eric Laneuville

Dream On

Nominated

2009

Millicent Shelton

30 Rock

Nominated

2010

Paris Barclay

Glee

Nominated

2013

Nominated

2014

Nominated

2017

Donald Glover

Atlanta

Won

First Black director to win in this category.

2018

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1984

Thomas Carter

Hill Street Blues

Nominated

1985

Nominated

1989

Midnight Caller

Nominated

Eric Laneuville

L.A. Law

Nominated

1990

Thomas Carter

Equal Justice

Won

1991

Won

1992

Eric Laneuville

I'll Fly Away

Won

1993

Nominated

1998

Paris Barclay

NYPD Blue

Won

1999

Won

2002

The West Wing

Nominated

2014

Carl Franklin

House of Cards

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or a Movie[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or a Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1995

Lloyd Richards

The Piano Lesson (Hallmark Hall of Fame)

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Individual Achievement in Directing for a Miniseries or a Special.

2000

Charles S. Dutton

The Corner

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special.

2005

George C. Wolfe

Lackawanna Blues

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special.

2015

Dee Rees

Bessie

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Directing for Limited Series, Movie or a Dramatic Special.

2016

Anthony Hemingway

The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (Manna From Heaven)

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie or Dramatic Special.

John Singleton

The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (The Race Card)

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie or Dramatic Special.

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Nonfiction Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Nonfiction Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2017

Ava DuVernay

13th

Nominated

Ezra Edelman

O.J.: Made in America

Won

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1971

Mark Warren[1]

Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Directing for a Variety Series.

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1989

Debbie Allen

The Debbie Allen Special

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Directing for a Variety or Music Program.

2016

Chris Rock

Amy Schumer: Live at the Apollo

Nominated

Beyoncé Knowles Carter

Lemonade

Nominated

2018

Stan Lathan

Dave Chappelle: Equanimity

Pending

text: Hairstyling[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Limited Series or Movie[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Limited Series or Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2015[2]

Lawrence Davis

Bessie

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Multi-Camera Series or Special[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Multi-Camera Series or Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2017[3]

Lawrence Davis

Hairspray Live!

Won

text: Music[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1999

George Clinton, Quincy Jones, La Rita Norman, Marie Norman

The PJs

Nominated

First African Americans to be nominated in this category.

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1970

Quincy Jones

The Bill Cosby Show

Nominated

First African American to be nominated in this category.

1977

Roots

Won

First African American to win in this category.

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1982

Luther Henderson

Ain't Misbehavin'

Nominated

First African American to be nominated in this category.

2004

Harold Wheeler

The 76th Annual Academy Awards

Nominated

2005

Rickey Minor

Genius: A Night for Ray Charles

Nominated

2007

Harold Wheeler

Dancing with the Stars

Nominated

2008

Rickey Minor

50th Annual Grammy Awards

Nominated

2009

Harold Wheeler

Dancing with the Stars

Nominated

Rickey Minor

The 51st Annual Grammy Awards

Nominated

2011

An Evening of Stars: Tribute to Chaka Khan

Nominated

2016

Smithsonian Salutes Ray Charles: In Performance at the White House

Nominated

2017

Stayin' Alive: A Grammy Salute to the Music of the Bee Gees

Nominated

Taking the Stage: African American Music and Stories that Changed America

Won

First African American to win in this category.

2018

Harold Wheeler

The Oscars

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics

Year

Name

Show

Song

Status

Milestone

1985

Debbie Allen

Motown Returns to the Apollo

Nominated

1990

Michael Jackson (composer and lyricist)

Sammy Davis, Jr.'s 60th Anniversary Celebration

"You Were There"

Nominated

1997

Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds (composer)

Centennial Olympic Games: Opening Ceremonies

"The Power of the Dream"

Nominated

2008

Jordan Peele

MADtv

"Sad Fitty Cent"

Nominated

2017

Common, Robert Glasper, Karriem Riggins

13th

"Letter to the Free"

Won

Chancellor Johnathan Bennett, Kenan Thompson

Saturday Night Live

"Last Christmas"

Nominated

2018

Chancellor Johnathan Bennett, Kenan Thompson, Chris Redd

"Come Back Barack"

Pending

text: Producer[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2007

Jacqueline Glover, Spike Lee, Samuel D. Pollard

When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts

Won

Stanley Nelson

Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple (American Experience)

Nominated

2009

Jacqueline Glover

Section 60: Arlington National Cemetery

Nominated

2010

Forest Whitaker

Brick City

Nominated

2011

Stanley Nelson, Laurens Grant

Freedom Riders

Won

2015

Rashida Jones

Hot Girls Wanted

Nominated

2016

Stanley Nelson, Laurens Grant

The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution (Independent Lens)

Nominated

Jacqueline Glover

Jim: The James Foley Story

Won

2017

Ezra Edelman

O.J.: Made in America

Nominated

T.J. Martin

LA 92

Won

2018

Yance Ford

Strong Island

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Programming (One Hour or Less)[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Programming (One Hour or Less)

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1999

Larry Wilmore

The PJs

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2000

Kevin Hooks

The Color of Friendship

Won

2005

Michael Carrington

That's So Raven

Nominated

2007

Nominated

2011

Jacqueline Glover

A Child's Garden of Poetry

Won

2013

A YoungArts Masterclass

Nominated

2014

Wynton Marsalis - A YoungArts Masterclass

Nominated

2015

Alan Alda and the Actor Within You: A YoungArts Masterclass

Won

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1970

Bill Cosby

The Bill Cosby Show

Nominated

1987

Winifred Hervey

The Golden Girls

Won

1988

Nominated

2016

Kenya Barris, Anthony Anderson, E. Brian Dobbins, Laurence Fishburne, Helen Sugland, Courtney Lilly, Peter Saji, Jennifer Rice-Genzuk Henry

black-ish

Nominated

2017

Kenya Barris, Anthony Anderson, Laurence Fishburne, Helen Sugland, E. Brian Dobbins, Courtney Lilly, Jennifer Rice-Genzuk Henry, Kenny Smith, Peter Saji

Nominated

Donald Glover

Atlanta

Nominated

2018

Donald Glover, Stephen Glover, Stefani Robinson

Pending

Kenya Barris, Anthony Anderson, Laurence Fishburne, Helen Sugland, E. Brian Dobbins, Courtney Lilly, Jenifer Rice-Genzuk Henry, Peter Saji

black-ish

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1998

Jacqueline Glover, Spike Lee, Samuel D. Pollard, Daphne McWilliams

4 Little Girls

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Non-Fiction Special.

2000

Jacqueline Glover

American Hollow

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Non-Fiction Special.

2003

Jacqueline Glover, Donna Brown Guillaume

Unchained Memories: Readings from the Slave Narratives

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Non-Fiction Special (Traditional).

2010

Jacqueline Glover

Teddy: In His Own Words

Won

2012

Gloria: In Her Own Words

Nominated

2014

Whoopi Goldberg

Whoopi Goldberg Presents Moms Mabley

Nominated

Oprah Winfrey

Running from Crazy

Nominated

2015

Samuel D. Pollard

Sinatra: All or Nothing at All

Nominated

2017

Ava DuVernay

13th

Won

John Singleton

L.A. Burning: The Riots 25 Years Later

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1998

Paris Barclay

NYPD Blue

Nominated

1999

Nominated

2006

Shonda Rhimes

Grey's Anatomy

Nominated

2007

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Informational Series or Special[edit]

text: The award was established in 2013 as the awards restructured previous categories for Outstanding Nonfiction Series and Outstanding Nonfiction Special. Outstanding Informational Series was also awarded prior to 1998, but from 1998-2012 was called Outstanding Nonfiction Series.

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Informational Series or Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1993

Oprah Winfrey (executive producer)

Michael Jackson Talks to... Oprah Live

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Informational Special.

1995

Debra Martin Chase (executive producer), Denzel Washington (executive producer)

Hank Aaron: Chasing the Dream

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Informational Special.

Quincy Jones (executive producer)

The History of Rock 'n' Roll

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Informational Series.

2001

St. Clair Bourne (executive producer), Cecil Cox (executive producer), Jacqueline Glover (supervising producer), Craig Laurence Rice (executive producer), Denzel Washington (producer)

Half Past Autumn: The Life and Works of Gordon Parks

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Informational Special.

2013

Oprah Winfrey (executive producer)

Oprah's Master Class

Nominated

2015

Neil deGrasse Tyson (executive producer/host)

StarTalk with Neil deGrasse Tyson

Nominated

2016

Nominated

Morgan Freeman (executive producer/host)

The Story of God with Morgan Freeman

Nominated

2017

Neil deGrasse Tyson (executive producer/host)

StarTalk with Neil deGrasse Tyson

Nominated

2018

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Interactive Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Interactive Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2018

Trevor Noah

The Daily Show With Trevor Noah

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1989

Suzanne de Passe

Lonesome Dove

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Miniseries

Oprah Winfrey

The Women of Brewster Place

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Miniseries

1993

Suzanne de Passe, Jermaine Jackson

The Jacksons: An American Dream

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Miniseries

1995

Suzanne de Passe

Buffalo Girls

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Miniseries

1999

The Temptations

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Miniseries

2000

David Mills

The Corner

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Miniseries

2015

John Ridley

American Crime

Nominated

2016

Nominated

Anthony Hemingway

The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story

Won

LeVar Burton

Roots

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Made for Television Movie[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Made for Television Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1995

August Wilson

The Piano Lesson (Hallmark Hall of Fame)

Nominated

1997

Laurence Fishburne

Miss Evers' Boys

Won

1998

Thomas Carter

Don King: Only in America

Won

2000

Halle Berry

Introducing Dorothy Dandridge

Nominated

Oprah Winfrey

Tuesdays with Morrie

Won

2003

Forest Whitaker

Door to Door

Won

2005

Halle Berry, Ruben Santiago-Hudson

Lackawanna Blues

Nominated

2008

Susan Batson, Sean Combs

A Raisin in the Sun

Nominated

2014

Cicely Tyson

The Trip to Bountiful

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Television Movie.

2015

Queen Latifah, Shakim Compere

Bessie

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Television Movie.

David Oyelowo

Nightingale

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Television Movie.

2016

Kerry Washington

Confirmation

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Television Movie.

2017

Oprah Winfrey

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Television Movie.

2018

Michael B. Jordan

Fahrenheit 451

Pending

Category was known as Outstanding Television Movie.

Queen Latifah, Shakim Compere

Flint

Pending

Category was known as Outstanding Television Movie.

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding New Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding New Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1970

Bill Cosby

The Bill Cosby Show

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2003

Hayma "Screech" Washington, co-executive producer

The Amazing Race

Won

First African American to be nominated and win in this category.

2004

Won

2005

Hayma "Screech" Washington, executive producer

Won

2006

Won

2007

Won

2008

Won

2009

Won

2017

RuPaul, executive producer

RuPaul's Drag Race

Nominated

2018

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Comedy or Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Comedy or Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2017

Sam Bailey

Brown Girls

Nominated

2018

Wyatt Cenac

aka Wyatt Cenac

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Variety Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Variety Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2017

Trevor Noah

The Daily Show - Between The Scenes

Won

2018

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program[edit]

text: The award was retired in 2016 and divided to recognize Outstanding Short Form Comedy or Drama Series and Outstanding Short Form Variety Series.

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2013

Beyoncé Knowles Carter

Super Bowl XLVII Halftime Show Starring Beyoncé

Nominated

2015

Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele

Key & Peele Presents Van and Mike: The Ascension

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2009

Whoopi Goldberg

The 62nd Annual Tony Awards

Nominated

2012

LL Cool J

The 54th Annual Grammy Awards

Nominated

2015

Beyoncé Knowles Carter, Shawn "Jay Z" Carter

Beyoncé and JAY Z on the Run

Nominated

Audra McDonald

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (Live from Lincoln Center)

Won

2016

Chris Rock

The Oscars

Nominated

2017

Kenny Leon

Hairspray Live!

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Structured Reality Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Structured Reality Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2016

LL Cool J

Lip Sync Battle

Nominated

2017

Nominated

2018

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Unstructured Reality Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Unstructured Reality Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2016

W. Kamau Bell

United Shades of America

Nominated

2017

Won

RuPaul

RuPaul's Drag Race: Untucked

Nominated

2018

W. Kamau Bell

United Shades of America

Pending

RuPaul

RuPaul's Drag Race: Untucked

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Series[edit]

text: This category was retired in 2015 and was separated into two categories – Outstanding Variety Sketch Series and Outstanding Variety Talk Series.

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1971

Flip Wilson

The Flip Wilson Show

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Variety Series – Musical.

1972

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety Series – Musical.

1973

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety Musical Series.

2000

Chris Rock

The Chris Rock Show

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series.

2001

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series.

2004

Dave Chappelle

Chappelle's Show

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series.

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Sketch Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Sketch Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2015

Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele

Key & Peele

Nominated

2016

Won

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Talk Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Talk Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2018

Trevor Noah

The Daily Show With Trevor Noah

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1969

Bill Cosby

The Bill Cosby Special

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Variety or Musical Program.

1970

The Second Bill Cosby Special

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety or Musical Program - Variety and Popular Music.

1971

Harry Belafonte, Lena Horne

Harry and Lena

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Single Program - Variety or Musical - Variety and Popular Music.

1972

Flip Wilson

The Flip Wilson Show (Sammy Davis, Jr., Lily Tomlin and Ed McMahon)

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Single Program - Variety or Musical - Variety and Popular Music.

1983

Suzanne de Passe

Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Program.

1985

Motown Returns to the Apollo

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Program.

Lena Horne

Lena Horne: The Lady and her Music (Great Performances)

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Program.

1996

Quincy Jones

The 68th Annual Academy Awards

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

1997

Chris Rock

Chris Rock: Bring the Pain

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

1998

Debra Martin Chase, Whitney Houston

Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella (The Wonderful World of Disney)

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2000

Chris Rock

Chris Rock: Bigger and Blacker

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2004

Chris Rock: Never Scared

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2005

Dave Chappelle, Stan Lathan

Dave Chappelle: For What It's Worth

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2007

Wanda Sykes

Wanda Sykes: Sick and Tired

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2009

Chris Rock

Chris Rock: Kill the Messenger

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2010

Wanda Sykes

Wanda Sykes: I'ma Be Me

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2016

Beyoncé Knowles Carter

Lemonade

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live)[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live)

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2018

John Legend, Mike Jackson

Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Pre-Recorded)[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Pre-Recorded)

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2018

Dave Chappelle, Stan Lathan, Rikki Hughes

Dave Chappelle: Equanimity

Pending

text: Sound Editing[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1991

Joe Earle

Separate But Equal

Nominated

1992

Joe Earle

Cast a Deadly Spell

Nominated

1992

Joe Earle

Deadlock

Nominated

1992

Joe Earle

I'll Fly Away

Nominated

1998

Joe Earle

From the Earth to the Moon

Nominated

1999

Joe Earle

Storm of the Century

Won

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a One-Hour Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a One-Hour Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1998

Joe Earle

Soldier of Fortune, Inc.

Nominated

text: Sound Mixing[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour)[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour)

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2008

Joe Earle

Dexter

Nominated

2009

Joe Earle

Glee

Won

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Limited Series or Movie[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Limited Series or Movie

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2001

Joe Earle

Rodgers & Hammerstein's South Pacific

Nominated

2012

Joe Earle

American Horror Story

Nominated

2013

Joe Earle

American Horror Story: Asylum

Nominated

2014

Joe Earle

American Horror Story: Coven

Nominated

2015

Joe Earle

American Horror Story: Freak Show

Nominated

2016

Joe Earle

The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story

Won

2018

Joe Earle

The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story

Pending

text: Writing[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2002

Larry Wilmore

The Bernie Mac Show

Won

2017

Donald Glover

Atlanta

Nominated

Stephen Glover

Nominated

Lena Waithe

Master of None

Won

First African-American woman to win in this category.

2018

Donald Glover

Atlanta

Pending

Stefani Robinson

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1957

Louis S. Peterson

Goodyear Television Playhouse

Nominated

Category known as Best Teleplay Writing - One Hour or More. Peterson was first African-American writer nominated for an Emmy.

1996

David Mills

NYPD Blue

Nominated

1997

Nominated

2006

Shonda Rhimes

Grey's Anatomy

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series, Movie or Dramatic Special[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series, Movie or Dramatic Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1995

August Wilson

The Piano Lesson (Hallmark Hall of Fame)

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing in a Miniseries or a Special.

2000

David Mills

The Corner

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries or a Movie.

2015

Dee Rees

Bessie

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series, Movie or a Dramatic Special.

John Ridley

American Crime (Episode One)

Nominated

2016

Joe Robert Cole

The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (The Race Card)

Nominated

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Nonfiction Program[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Nonfiction Program

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

2017

Ava DuVernay

13th

Won

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1971

Flip Wilson

The Flip Wilson Show

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety or Music.

1972

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety or Music.

1973

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety or Music.

1992

Larry Wilmore

In Living Color

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program.

1997

Chris Rock

Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program.

1998

Chris Rock, Wanda Sykes

The Chris Rock Show

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program.

1999

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program.

2000

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program.

2001

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program.

2004

Dave Chappelle

Chappelle's Show

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program.

2009

Wyatt Cenac

The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Series.

2010

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Series.

2011

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Series.

2012

Won

2013

Travon Free

Nominated

2014

Nominated

Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele

Key & Peele

Nominated

2015

Travon Free

The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

Won

Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele

Key & Peele

Nominated

2016

Nominated

Michael Che

Saturday Night Live

Nominated

Ashley Nicole Black, Mathan Erhardt

Full Frontal with Samantha Bee

Nominated

2017

Ashley Nicole Black, Mathan Erhardt, Travon Free

Nominated

Amber Ruffin

Late Night with Seth Meyers

Nominated

Michael Che

Saturday Night Live

Nominated

2018

Ashley Nicole Black, Mathan Erhardt, Travon Free

Full Frontal with Samantha Bee

Pending

Amber Ruffin

Late Night with Seth Meyers

Pending

Michael Che, Sam Jay, Stephen Glover, Jamal Olori

Saturday Night Live

Pending

text: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special[edit]

text:
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special

Year

Name

Show

Status

Milestone

1977

Ntozake Shange

An Evening with Diana Ross (The Big Event)

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Special.

1997

Chris Rock

Chris Rock: Bring the Pain

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety or Music Program.

2000

Chris Rock: Bigger and Blacker

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program.

2004

Chris Rock: Never Scared

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program.

2009

Chris Rock: Kill the Messenger

Won

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2010

Wanda Sykes

Wanda Sykes: I'ma Be Me

Nominated

Category was known as Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Special.

2015

Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele

Key & Peele Super Bowl Special

Nominated

2017

Ashley Nicole Black, Mathan Erhardt, Travon Free

Full Frontal with Samantha Bee Presents Not the White House Correspondents' Dinner

Won

2018

Ashley Nicole Black, Mathan Erhardt

Full Frontal with Samantha Bee Presents The Great American* Puerto Rico (*It's Complicated)

Pending


document_title: Computer Misuse Act 1990

question_text: what is illegal under the computer misuse act 1990

root

text: Computer Misuse Act 1990

text: R v Gold & Schifreen[edit]

text: Robert Schifreen and Stephen Gold, using conventional home computers and modems in late 1984 and early 1985, gained unauthorised access to British Telecom's Prestel interactive viewdata service. While at a trade show, Schifreen, by doing what latterly became known as shoulder surfing, had observed the password of a Prestel engineer:[citation needed] the username was 22222222 and the password was 1234.[2][3] This later gave rise to subsequent accusations that BT had not taken security seriously. Armed with this information, the pair explored the system, even gaining access to the personal message box of Prince Philip.

tag: p

text: Prestel installed monitors on the suspect accounts and passed information thus obtained to the police. The pair were charged under section 1 of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 with defrauding BT by manufacturing a "false instrument", namely the internal condition of BT's equipment after it had processed Gold's eavesdropped password. Tried at Southwark Crown Court, they were convicted on specimen charges (five against Schifreen, four against Gold) and fined, respectively, £750 and £600.

text: Although the fines imposed were modest, they elected to appeal to the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal. Their counsel cited the lack of evidence showing the two had attempted to obtain material gain from their exploits, and claimed the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act had been misapplied to their conduct. They were acquitted by the Lord Justice Lane, but the prosecution appealed to the House of Lords. In 1988, the Lords upheld the acquittal.[4] Lord Justice Brandon said:

text: The Law Lords' ruling led many legal scholars to believe that hacking was not unlawful as the law then stood. The English Law Commission (ELC) and its counterpart in Scotland both considered the matter. The Scottish Law Commission (SLC) concluded that intrusion was adequately covered in Scotland under the common law related to deception, but the ELC believed a new law was necessary.

text: Since the case, both defendants have written extensively about IT matters. Gold, who detailed the entire case at some length in the Hacker's Handbook, has presented at conferences alongside the arresting officers in the case.[6]

text: The Computer Misuse Act[edit]

text: Based on the ELC's recommendations, a private member's bill was introduced by Conservative MP Michael Colvin. The bill, supported by the government, came into effect in 1990. Sections 1-3 of the Act introduced three criminal offences:[7]

text:
unauthorised access to computer material, punishable by 12 months' imprisonment (or 6 months in Scotland) and/or a fine "not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale" (since 2015, unlimited);[8]
unauthorised access with intent to commit or facilitate commission of further offences, punishable by 12 months/maximum fine (or 6 months in Scotland) on summary conviction and/or 5 years/fine on indictment;[9]
unauthorised modification of computer material, punishable by 12 months/maximum fine (or 6 months in Scotland) on summary conviction and/or 10 years/fine on indictment;[10]

tag: ol

text: (For other offences see The amendments below)

text: §§2–3 They intended to deter the more serious criminals from using a computer to assist in the commission of a criminal offence or from impairing or hindering access to data stored in a computer. The basic offence is to attempt or achieve access to a computer or the data it stores, by inducing a computer to perform any function with intent to secure access. hackers that program their computers to search through password permutations are therefore liable, even if their attempts to log on are rejected by the target computer. The only precondition to liability is that the hacker should be aware that the access attempted is unauthorised. Thus, using another person's username or identifier (ID) and password without proper authority to access data or a program, or to alter, delete, copy or move a program or data, or simply to output a program or data to a screen or printer, or to impersonate that other person using e-mail, online chat, web or other services, constitute the offence. Even if the initial access is authorised, subsequent exploration, if there is a hierarchy of privileges in the system, may lead to entry to parts of the system for which the requisite privileges are lacking and the offence will be committed. Looking over a user's shoulder or using sophisticated electronic equipment to monitor the electromagnetic radiation emitted by VDUs ("electronic eavesdropping") is outside the scope of this offence.

text: The §§2–3 offences are aggravated offences, requiring a specific intent to commit another offence (for these purposes, the other offences are to be arrestable, and so include all the major common law and statutory offences of fraud and dishonesty). So a hacker who obtains access to a system intending to transfer money or shares, intends to commit theft, or to obtain confidential information for blackmail or extortion. Thus, the §1 offence is committed as soon as the unauthorised access is attempted, and the §2 offence overtakes liability as soon as specific access is made for the criminal purpose. The §3 offence is specifically aimed at those who write and circulate a computer virus or worm, whether on a LAN or across networks. Similarly, using phishing techniques or a Trojan horse to obtain identity data or to acquire any other data from an unauthorised source, or modifying the operating system files or some aspect of the computer's functions to interfere with its operation or prevent access to any data, including the destruction of files, or deliberately generating code to cause a complete system malfunction, are all criminal "modifications". In 2004, John Thornley pleaded guilty to four offences under §3, having mounted an attack on a rival site, and introduced a Trojan horse to bring it down on several occasions, but it was recognised that the wording of the offence needed to be clarified to confirm that all forms of denial of service attack are included.[citation needed]

text: Implications for industry practices[edit]

text: Although the Act ostensibly targets those who wish to gain unauthorised access to computer systems for various purposes, its implications on previously relatively widespread or well-known industry practices such as the "time-locking" of software have been described in various computing industry publications.[11] Time-locking is the practice of disabling functionality or whole programs in order to ensure that software, potentially delivered on condition of further payment, will "expire" and thus no longer function.

text: Latest situation[edit]

text: The Schedule 1 Part II 'Conspiracy' of the Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998 amended Section 8 (relevance of external law), Section 9(2)(b) (British citizenship immaterial: conspiracy) and Section 16 (application to Northern Ireland). For text see reference.[12]

text: In 2004, the All-Party Internet Group published its review of the law and highlighted areas for development. Their recommendations led to the drafting of the Computer Misuse Act 1990 (Amendment) Bill which sought to amend the CMA to comply with the European Convention on Cyber Crime.[13] Under its terms, the maximum sentence of imprisonment for breaching the Act changed from six months to two years. It also sought to explicitly criminalise denial-of-service attacks and other crimes facilitated by denial-of-service. The Bill did not receive Royal Assent because Parliament was prorogued.

text: Sections 35 to 38 of the Police and Justice Act 2006 contain amendments to the Computer Misuse Act 1990.

text: Section 37 (Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in computer misuse offences) inserts a new section 3A into the 1990 Act and has drawn considerable criticism from IT professionals, as many of their tools can be used by criminals in addition to their legitimate purposes, and thus fall under section 3A.

text: After the News International phone hacking scandal in 2011, there are ongoing discussions about amending the law to define "smart" phones (i.e. those with Internet browsers and other connectivity features) as computers under the Act. This amendment may also introduce a new offence of making information available with intent, i.e. publicly disclosing a password for someone's phone or computer so that others can access it illegally.[14]

text: In 2015, the Act was further amended by Part 2 sections 41 to 44 (plus others) of the Serious Crime Act 2015[15]

text: The amendments[edit]

text: The amendments to the Computer Misuse Act 1990 by Part 5 of the Police and Justice Act 2006[16] are

text:
Section 35. Unauthorised access to computer material, punishable by up to two years in prison or a fine or both.[17]
Section 36. Unauthorised acts with intent to impair operation of computer, etc. punishable by up to ten years in prison or a fine or both.[18]
Section 37. Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in computer misuse offences, punishable by up to two years in prison or a fine or both.[19]
Section 38. Transitional and saving provision.[20]

tag: ul

text: The amendments to the Computer Misuse Act 1990 by Part 2 of the Serious Crime Act 2015[15] are

text:
Section 41. (New Section 3ZA of the Computer Misuse Act 1990). Unauthorised acts causing, or creating risk of, serious damage - punishable by up to 14 years in prison or a fine or both, possible life imprisonment where human welfare or national security were endangered.[21]
Section 42. Obtaining articles for purposes relating to computer misuse - amendments to Section 3A.[22]
Section 43. Territorial scope of computer misuse - amendments to Sections 4, 5 and 10 making the primary territorial scope the United Kingdom but can be worldwide especially if perpetrator (or conspirators) is British and broke local law.[23]
Section 44. Savings - covers seizure and enactment amendments to Sections 10 and 16.[24]
Section 47. Serious Crime Prevention Orders: meaning of "Serious Offence" - adds Computer Misuse to list of serious crimes in the Serious Crime Act 2007 including being grounds for compulsory winding up of a company.[25]
Section 86. Transition and savings provisions - requires Sections 42 and 43 to be brought into force before they can be used.[26]
Schedule 1. Amendments to Serious Crimes Act 2007: Scotland - similar changes to Scottish law.[27]
Schedule 4. Minor and consequential amendments - changes Computer Misuse Act 1990 and the Armed Forces Act 2006.[28]


document_title: Heart development

question_text: when does the heart develop in a human fetus

text: Heart development

text: Early development[edit]

text: The heart derives from embryonic mesodermal germ-layer cells that differentiate after gastrulation into mesothelium, endothelium, and myocardium. Mesothelial pericardium forms the outer lining of the heart. The inner lining of the heart, lymphatic and blood vessels, develop from endothelium.[4]

text: Endocardial tubes[edit]

text: In the splanchnopleuric mesenchyme on either side of the neural plate, a horseshoe-shaped area develops as the cardiogenic region. This has formed from cardiac myoblasts and blood islands as forerunners of blood cells and vessels.[5] By day 19, an endocardial tube begins to develop in each side of this region. These two tubes grow and by the third week have converged towards each other to merge, using programmed cell death to form a single tube, the tubular heart.[6]

text: From splanchnopleuric mesenchyme, the cardiogenic region develops cranially and laterally to the neural plate. In this area, two separate angiogenic cell clusters form on either side and coalesce to form the endocardial tubes. As embryonic folding continues, the two endocardial tubes are pushed into the thoracic cavity, where they begin to fuse together, and this is completed at about 22 days.[7]

text: At around 18 to 19 days after fertilisation, the heart begins to form. This early development is critical for subsequent embryonic and prenatal development. The heart is the first functional organ to develop and starts to beat and pump blood at around day 21 or 22.[1] The heart begins to develop near the head of the embryo in the cardiogenic area.[1] Following cell signalling, two strands or cords begin to form in the cardiogenic region[1] As these form, a lumen develops within them, at which point, they are referred to as endocardial tubes.[1] At the same time that the tubes are forming other major heart components are also being formed.[8] The two tubes migrate together and fuse to form a single primitive heart tube, the tubular heart which quickly forms five distinct regions.[1] From head to tail, these are the truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium, and the sinus venosus.[1] Initially, all venous blood flows into the sinus venosus, and contractions propel the blood from tail to head, or from the sinus venosus to the truncus arteriosus.[1] The truncus arteriosus will divide to form the aorta and pulmonary artery; the bulbus cordis will develop into the right ventricle; the primitive ventricle will form the left ventricle; the primitive atrium will become the front parts of the left and right atria and their appendages, and the sinus venosus will develop into the posterior part of the right atrium, the sinoatrial node and the coronary sinus.[1]

text: Heart tube position[edit]

text: The central part of cardiogenic area is in front of the oropharyngeal membrane and the neural plate. The growth of the brain and the cephalic folds push the oropharyngeal membrane forward, while the heart and the pericardial cavity move first to the cervical region and then into the chest. The curved portion of the horseshoe-shaped area expands to form the future ventricular infundibulum and the ventricular regions, as the heart tube continues to expand. The tube starts receiving venous drainage in its caudal pole and will pump blood out of the first aortic arch and into the dorsal aorta through its polar head. Initially the tube remains attached to the dorsal part of the pericardial cavity by a mesodermal tissue fold called the dorsal mesoderm. This mesoderm disappears to form the two pericardial sinuses the transverse and the oblique pericardial sinuses, which connect both sides of the pericardial cavity.[5]

text: The myocardium thickens and secretes a thick layer of rich extracellular matrix containing hyaluronic acid which separates the endothelium. Then mesothelial cells form the pericardium and migrate to form most of the epicardium. Then the heart tube is formed by the endocardium, which is the inner endothelial lining of the heart, and the myocardial muscle wall which is the epicardium that covers the outside of the tube.[5]

text: Heart folding[edit]

text: The heart tube continues stretching and by day 23, in a process called morphogenesis, cardiac looping begins. The cephalic portion curves in a frontal clockwise direction. The atrial portion starts moving in a cephalic ally and then moves to the left from its original position. This curved shape approaches the heart and finishes its growth on day 28. The conduit forms the atrial and ventricular junctions which connect the common atrium and the common ventricle in the early embryo. The arterial bulb forms the trabecular portion of the right ventricle. A cone will form the infundibula blood of both ventricles. The arterial trunk and the roots will form the proximal portion of the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The junction between the ventricle and the arterial bulb will be called the primary intra-ventricular hole. The tube is divided into cardiac regions along its craniocaudal axis: the primitive ventricle, called primitive left ventricle, and the trabecular proximal arterial bulb, called the primitive right ventricle.[9]

text: Heart chambers[edit]

text: Sinus venosus[edit]

text: In the middle of the fourth week, the sinus receives venous blood from the poles of right and left sinus. Each pole receives blood from three major veins: the vitelline vein, the umbilical vein and the common cardinal vein. The sinus opening moves clockwise. This movement is caused mainly by the left to right shunt of blood, which occurs in the venous system during the fourth and fifth week of development.[10]

text: When the left common cardinal vein disappears in the tenth week, with only the oblique vein of the left atrium and the coronary sinus remaining. The right pole joins the right atrium to form the wall portion of the right atrium. The right and left venous valves fuse and form a peak known as the septum spurium. At the beginning, these valves are large but the left venous valve and the septum spurium fuse with the developing atrial septum. The upper right venous valve disappearing. The bottom evolves into: the inferior valve of the vena cava and the coronary sinus valve.[10]

text: Heart wall[edit]

text: The main walls of the heart are formed between day 27 and 37 of the development of the early embryo. The growth consists of two tissue masses actively growing that approach one another until they merge and split light into two separate conduits. Tissue masses called endocardial cushions develop into atrioventricular and conotroncal regions. In these places, the cushions will help in the formation of auricular septum, ventricular conduits, atrio-ventricular valves and aortic and pulmonary channels.[11]

text: Atria[edit]

text: At the end of the fourth week, a crest grows that leaves the cephalic part. This crest is the first part of the septum primum. The two ends of the septum extend into the interior of the endocardial cushions in the atrioventricular canal. The opening between the bottom edge of the septum primum and endocardial cushions is the ostium primum (first opening). The extensions of the upper and lower endocardial pads grow along the margin of the septum primum and close the ostium primum. Coalescence of these perforations will form the ostium secundum (second opening), which allows blood to flow freely from the right atrium to the left.

text: When the right of the atrium expands due to the incorporation of the pole of the sinus, a new fold appears, called the septum secundum. At its right side it is fused with the left venous valve and the septum spurium. A free opening will then appear, called the foramen ovale. The remains of the upper septum primum, will become the valves of the foramen ovale. The passage between the two atrial chambers consists of a long oblique slit through which blood flows from the right atrium to the left.[11]

text: Ventricles[edit]

text: Initially, a single pulmonary vein develops in the form of a bulge in the back wall of the left atrium. This vein will connect with the veins of the developing lung buds. As development proceeds the pulmonary vein and its branches are incorporated into the left atrium and they both form the smooth wall of the atrium. The embryonic left atrium remains as the trabecular left atrial appendage, and the embryonic right atrium remains as the right atrial appendage.[12]

text: Septum formation of the atrioventricular canal[edit]

text: At the end of the fourth week, two atrioventricular endocardial cushions appear. Initially the atrioventricular canal gives access to the primitive left ventricle, and is separated from arterial bulb by the edge of the ventricular bulb. In the fifth week, the posterior end terminates in the center part of the upper endocardial cushion. Because of this, blood can access both the left primitive ventricle and the right primitive ventricle. As the anterior and posterior pads project inwardly, they merge to form a right and left atrioventricular orifice.[13]

text: Atrioventricular valves[edit]

text: When forming intra-atrial septa, atrio-ventricular valves will begin to grow. An intra-muscular ventricular septum begins to grow from the common ventricle to the atrio-ventricular endocardial cushions. The division begins in the common ventricle where a furrow in the outer surface of the heart will appear the interventricular foramen eventually disappears. This closure is achieved by further growth muscular interventricular septum, a contribution of trunk crest-conal tissue and a membranous component.[14]

text: Valves and outflow tracts[edit]

text: Truncus septum formation and arterial cone[edit]

text: The arterial cone is closed by the infundibular cushions. The trunk cones are closed by the forming of an infundibulotroncal septum, which is made from a straight proximal portion and distal spiral portion. Then, the narrowest portion of the aorta is in the left and dorsal portion. The distal portion of the aorta is pushed forward to the right. The proximal pulmonary artery is right and ventral, and the distal portion of the pulmonary artery is in the left dorsal portion.[11]

text: Pacemaker and conduction system[edit]

text: The rhythmic electrical depolarization waves that trigger myocardial contraction is myogenic, which means that they begin in the heart muscle spontaneously and are then responsible for transmitting signals from cell to cell. Myocytes that were obtained in the primitive heart tube, start beating as they connect together by their walls in a syncytium. Myocytes initiate rhythmic electrical activity, before the fusion of the endocardial tubes. The heartbeat begins in the region of the pacemaker which has a spontaneous depolarization time faster than the rest of myocardium.[15]

text: The primitive ventricle acts as initial pacemaker. But this pacemaker activity is actually made by a group of cells that derive from the sinoatrial right venous sinus. These cells form an ovoid sinoatrial node (SAN), on the left venous valve. After the development of the SAN, the superior endocardial cushions begin to form a pacemaker as known as the atrioventricular node. With the development of the SAN, a band of specialized conducting cells start to form creating the bundle of His that sends a branch to the right ventricle and one to the left ventricle. Most conduction pathways originate from the cardiogenic mesoderm but the sinus node may be derived from the neural crest.[15]

text: The human embryonic heart begins beating approximately 21 days after fertilization, or five weeks after the last normal menstrual period (LMP), which is the date normally used to date pregnancy in the medical community. The electrical depolarizations that trigger cardiac myocytes to contract arise spontaneously within the myocyte itself. The heartbeat is initiated in the pacemaker regions and spreads to the rest of the heart through a conduction pathway. Pacemaker cells develop in the primitive atrium and the sinus venosus to form the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node respectively. Conductive cells develop the bundle of His and carry the depolarization into the lower heart. Cardiac activity is visible beginning at approximately 5 weeks of pregnancy.

text: The human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother’s, about 75-80 beats per minute (BPM). The embryonic heart rate (EHR) then accelerates linearly for the first month of beating, peaking at 165-185 BPM during the early 7th week, (early 9th week after the LMP). This acceleration is approximately 3.3 BPM per day, or about 10 BPM every three days, an increase of 100 BPM in the first month.[16]

text: After peaking at about 9.2 weeks after the LMP, it decelerates to about 150 BPM (+/-25 BPM) during the 15th week after the LMP. After the 15th week the deceleration slows reaching an average rate of about 145 (+/-25 BPM) BPM at term.

text: Imaging[edit]

text: In the first trimester, heartbeat can be visualized and the heart rate quantified by obstetric ultrasonography. A study of 32 normal pregnancies came to the result a fetal heartbeat was visible at a mean human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level of 10,000 UI/l (range 8650-12,200).[17] Obstetric ultrasonography can also use doppler technique on key vessels such as the umbilical artery can detect abnormal flow.

text: In later stages of pregnancy, a simple Doppler fetal monitor can quantify the fetal heart rate.

text: During childbirth, the parameter is part of cardiotocography, which is where the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions are continuously recorded.

text: Heart rates[edit]

text: Starting at week 5 the embryonic heart rate accelerates by 3.3 bpm per day for the next month. Before this, the embryo possesses a tubular heart.

text: The embryonic heart begins to beat at approximately the same rate as the mother's, which is typically 80 to 85 bpm. The approximate fetal heart rate for weeks 5 to 9 (assuming a starting rate of 80):

text:
Week 5 starts at 80 and ends at 103 bpm
Week 6 starts at 103 and ends at 126 bpm
Week 7 starts at 126 and ends at 149 bpm
Week 8 starts at 149 and ends at 172 bpm
At week 9 the embryonic heart tends to beat within a range of 155 to 195 bpm.

text: By the end of week 9, the embryonic heart has developed septa and valves, and has all four chambers.

text: At this point, the fetal heart rate begins to decrease, and generally falls within the range of 120 to 160 bpm by week 12.[18]


document_title: Rosenberg self-esteem scale

question_text: what does the rosenberg self esteem scale measure

text: Rosenberg self-esteem scale

text: The Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), developed by sociologist Dr. Morris Rosenberg,[1] is a self-esteem measure widely used in social-science research. It uses a scale of 0-30 where a score less than 15 may indicate a problematic low self esteem.[2]

text: The RSES is designed similar to the social-survey questionnaires. It is a ten-item Likert-type scale with items answered on a four-point scale—from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Five of the items have positively worded statements and five have negatively worded ones. The scale measures state self-esteem by asking the respondents to reflect on their current feelings. The original sample for which the scale was developed consisted of 5,024 high-school juniors and seniors from 10 randomly selected schools in New York State. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale is considered a reliable and valid quantitative tool for self-esteem assessment.[3]

text: The RSES has been translated and adapted to various languages, such as Persian,[4] French,[5] Chinese,[6] Italian,[7] German,[8] Portuguese,[9] and Spanish.[10] The scale is extensively used in cross-cultural studies in up to 53 different nations.[11]