document_title: Verrazano-Narrows Bridge

question_text: how many cars drive over the verrazano bridge

text: Verrazano-Narrows Bridge

text: History[edit]

text: Early plans[edit]

text: A bridge across the Narrows had been proposed as early as 1927, when structural engineer David B. Steinman brought up the possibility of such a crossing.[3] At the time, Staten Island was isolated from the rest of New York City, and its only direct connection to the other four boroughs was via the Staten Island Ferry to South Ferry in Manhattan, or 39th and 69th Streets in Brooklyn.[4] In 1928, when the chambers of commerce in Brooklyn, Queens, Long Island, and Staten Island announced that the Interboro Bridge Company had proposed the future construction of the "Liberty Bridge" to United States Department of War. The bridge's towers would be 800 feet (240 m) high and it would cost $60 million in 1928 dollars.[5]  In November 1929, engineers released plans for the 4,500-foot (1,400 m) Liberty Bridge spanning the Narrows,[6] with 800-foot-tall towers.[7]  It was hoped that the new construction would spur development on Staten Island, along with the Outerbridge Crossing and the Bayonne Bridge, which were under construction at the time.[8]

text: The Liberty Bridge would carry vehicles from Bay Ridge to an as-yet-undetermined location on Staten Island.[8] On the Brooklyn side, the city planned to connect the Liberty Bridge to a "Crosstown Highway", spanning Brooklyn and Queens and connecting to the proposed Triborough Bridge in northwestern Queens. The city also envisioned a possible connection to the preexisting Manhattan Bridge, connecting Downtown Brooklyn to Lower Manhattan.[9]

text: A prior attempt to link Brooklyn and Staten Island, using the Staten Island Tunnel, had commenced in 1923 but was canceled two years later.[10][11]  That tunnel would have extended subway service from Brooklyn to Staten Island.[12] This proposal was also revived with the announcement of the Liberty Bridge.[8][13] One of the alternative proposals had the subway tunnel going from St. George, Staten Island, to Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, before continuing to Governors Island and then Lower Manhattan.[13] Simultaneously, engineers proposed a set of vehicular tunnels from Fort Wadsworth, Staten Island, to 97th Street, Brooklyn.[14] The tubes were being planned in conjunction with the Triborough Tunnel (the modern-day Queens Midtown Tunnel), which would connect Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens.[15] The city appropriated $5 million for the tunnels in July 1929,[16] and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad also pledged funding for the vehicular tunnels.[17] Planning for the vehicular tubes started that month.[15]

text: The Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce simultaneously considered all three projects—the bridge, the vehicular tunnels, and the subway tunnel. Community groups on both sides of the Narrows disagreed on which projects should be built first, if at all.[13] Residents of Bay Ridge opposed any plans involving a bridge because its construction would almost definitely require the demolition of part of the neighborhood.[18] Boring work for the vehicular tunnels started in November 1930. The 11,000-foot (3,400 m) twin tunnels, projected to be completed by 1937, were to connect Hylan Boulevard on Staten Island with 86th Street in Brooklyn once they were completed.[19] In January 1932, construction of these tunnels was put on hold indefinitely due to a lack of money.[20] The construction work did not go beyond an examination of shoreline on the Brooklyn side.[21]

text: In February 1933, the U.S. House of Representatives approved a bill authorizing the construction of a suspension bridge across the Narrows.[22] With this approval, the Interboro Bridge Company hoped to start constructing the bridge by the end of the year, thereby creating jobs for 80,000 workers.[23] Structural engineer Othmar H. Ammann, who was building the Triborough Bridge, Midtown Tunnel, and Golden Gate Bridge at the time, showed interest in designing the proposed Narrows bridge, which would be the world's longest bridge if it were built.[24] However, in April 1934, the War Department announced its opposition to the bridge's construction, setting back plans for the Narrows Bridge. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey did not have a public position regarding the Narrows Bridge plan, other than a request that it be allowed to operate the future bridge.[25] The War Department's opposition to the bridge plan was based on the fact that a bridge could create a blockage during wartime, a rationale it gave for opposing a Brooklyn-Battery Bridge connecting Red Hook, Brooklyn, with Lower Manhattan.[26]

text: The city approved the construction of a rapid transit tunnel under the Narrows in December 1933. This tunnel was approved in conjunction with the proposed Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel connecting Red Hook with Lower Manhattan.[27] Following the War Department's announcement that they would oppose the Narrows bridge, private interests began studying the feasibility of the tunnel.[21]

text: In 1936, the plan for a Narrows crossing was brought up again when New York City Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia gained authorization to petition Congress for a bridge across the Narrows.[28] Under the new plan, the proposed bridge would charge tolls for motorists, and its $50 million cost would be paid off using federal bonds.[29] LaGuardia preferred a tunnel instead, and so the next year he requested the  New York City Tunnel Authority to review the feasibility of such a crossing.[30] The New York City Planning Commission was amenable to constructing either a bridge or a tunnel across the Narrows, and in 1939, put forth a plan to expand New York City's highway system.[31][26] In March of the same year, as a bill for the Battery Bridge was being passed, Staten Island state legislators added a last-minute amendment to the bill, providing for a Narrows bridge.[32] The Narrows crossing was not included in the final version of the Planning Commission's plan, which was approved in 1941.[33]

text: In 1943, the New York City Board of Estimate allocated $50,000 toward a feasibility study of the tunnel.[34] By this time, Bay Ridge residents now opposed the tunnel plan as well, because they feared that the tunnel's construction would lower the quality of life in that neighborhood.[35] After the war ended in 1945, the Planning Commission estimated that construction of the Narrows Tunnel would cost $73.5 million.[36] However, by then, La Guardia had turned against the tunnel, saying that "it is not my time" to construct the tunnel.[36]

text: Plans finalized[edit]

text: The cancellation of plans for the Narrows tunnel brought a resurgence of proposals for a bridge across the Narrows. In September 1947, Robert Moses, the chairman of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, announced that the city was going to ask the War Department for permission to build a bridge across the Narrows.[37] Moses and Mayor William O'Dwyer both supported the Narrows Bridge plan, which was still being referred to as "Liberty Bridge".[38] The city submitted its request in July 1948,[39] and a commission composed of three United States Armed Forces branches was convened to solicit the public's opinions on the proposed span.[40]

text: U.S. Representative Donald Lawrence O'Toole, whose constituency included Bay Ridge, opposed the proposal for the bridge because he believed it would damage the character of Bay Ridge, and because the bridge might block the Narrows in case of a war.[41][42] He cited a poll showing that for every Bay Ridge resident who supported the bridge's construction, 33 more were opposed.[43] The  U.S. military approved the proposal in May 1949, over the vociferous opposition of Bay Ridge residents, on the condition that construction start within five years.[44][43] By that time, plans for the 6,540-foot (1,990 m) span had been finalized, and the project only needed $78 million in financing in order to proceed. This financing was not set to be awarded until 1950, when the Battery Tunnel was completed. Preliminary plans showed the bridge as being 237 feet (72 m) above the mean high water level, enough for the 215-foot (66 m) RMS Queen Mary to pass under it.[45]

text: Moses and acting Port Authority Chairman Bayard F. Pope were agreeable to letting either of their respective agencies construct and operate the proposed Narrows Bridge, as long as that agency could do so efficiently. In 1954, the two agencies started conducting a joint study on the logistics of building and constructing the bridge. Because of restrictions by the TBTA's bondholders, construction could not begin until at least 1957.[46] Frederick H. Zurmuhlen, the Commissioner of Public Works, estimated that the Narrows Bridge would cost $200 million total.[47] He encouraged the TBTA to start construction on the bridge as soon as possible in order to reduce congestion on East River crossings to the north.[48] Staten Islanders viewed the project cautiously, since the Narrows Bridge would provide a connection to the rest of the city, but could also cause traffic congestion through the borough.[49] Moses had only a positive view of the bridge's proposed effects on Staten Islanders, saying that it was vital for the borough's future.[50]

text: In May 1954, the Army's permit for starting construction on the Narrows Bridge lapsed.[51] The Army granted a two-year extension for the start of construction.[52] In a measure passed in March 1955, the city gained control over the approval process for several tasks related to the Narrows bridge's construction, including land acquisition.[53] A little more than a month later, New York Governor W. Averell Harriman signed a $600 million spending bill authorizing the construction of the Narrows Bridge; the construction of the Throgs Neck Bridge between Queens and the Bronx; and the addition of a second level to the George Washington Bridge between Manhattan and New Jersey.[54] Later that year, it was announced that the Narrows Bridge would be part of an expansion to the Interstate Highway System.[55] Although a study on the viability of adding transit service to the Narrows Bridge was commissioned in early 1956,[56] Moses rejected the idea of adding subway tracks onto the new bridge, saying that it would be too costly.[57] In April of that year, New Jersey Governor Robert B. Meyner signed a bill that allowed the Port Authority to build the Narrows Bridge and lease it to the TBTA, who would operate the bridge.[58] The TBTA would buy the bridge from the Port Authority in 1967 as part of the agreement.[59]

text: On the Brooklyn side, the Narrows Bridge was originally supposed to connect to the Circumferential (Belt) Parkway, but in early 1957, Harriman vetoed a bill that stipulated that the main approach connect to the Belt Parkway.[60] By May 1957, an updated location for the Brooklyn anchorage had been agreed on. The anchorage was now to be located at Fort Lafayette, an island coastal fortification built next to Fort Hamilton at the southern tip of Bay Ridge.[61] Moses also proposed expanding Brooklyn's Gowanus Expressway and extending it to the Narrows Bridge by way of Seventh Avenue, which would require cutting through the middle of Bay Ridge. This proposal drew opposition from the community, who wanted the approach to follow the Belt Parkway along the Brooklyn shore.[62] These opponents said that the Seventh Avenue alignment would displace over 1,500 families.[63]  In February 1958, the New York State Legislature approved a bill to change the Brooklyn approaches back to Belt Parkway, which was almost identical to the bill Harriman had vetoed.[64] However, the city approved the Seventh Avenue bridge approach in August 1958.[65] The next month, Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. said that the city was committed to building a bridge across the Narrows, but was not committed to the construction of the Seventh Avenue approach. In response, Moses wrote to Wagner that any continuing delays would cause the bridge to be canceled. The bridge's cost had now risen to $320 million.[66]

text: After holding a hearing for concerned Bay Ridge residents, the Board of Estimate affirmed the Narrows Bridge plan in October 1958,[63] without any objections.[67]:752 At the same time, it rejected plans for a tunnel under the Narrows, as well as a bridge or tunnel from Brooklyn directly to Jersey City, New Jersey.[63] The Board was set to vote on the Seventh Avenue approach in mid-December, but the federal government stated that it would only agree to the bridge's construction if the Seventh Avenue approach had 12 lanes, with six on each level.[68] The federal government was already paying for two highway improvements on both sides of the proposed bridge: the Clove Lakes Expressway on Staten Island, and the Gowanus Expressway in Brooklyn.[63] On December 31 of that year, the Board of Estimate voted to approve plans for the Seventh Avenue approach, having delayed that vote several times.[69]

text: The approval of the Seventh Avenue approach angered Bay Ridge residents since the construction of the approach would displace 7,500 people.[70] This amount of opposition was not matched in Staten Island, even though more than twice as many people were being displaced there, because the Staten Island Ferry was the only way to get between the island and the rest of the city. On the contrary, the bridge's announcement was welcomed because it sparked a rise in real-estate prices on the island.[71]:18–20 The State Legislature drafted a bill in an effort to change the approach's location to Belt Parkway.[72] However, New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller vetoed the Belt Parkway bill,[73] and in March 1959, the Board of Estimate officially condemned land along Seventh Avenue to make way for the Gowanus Expressway extension to the Narrows Bridge.[74] The only tasks remaining before the start of construction were to finalize the design of the Narrows Bridge, and to speed up the construction schedule to meet a 1964 deadline.[75] In April 1959, the bridge was officially renamed after the Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano.[76] This sparked a controversy because the proposed bridge's name only had one "z" while the explorer's name had two "z"s.[77]

text: Construction[edit]

text: Surveying work for the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge began in January 1959.[71]:29 The official construction on the bridge began on August 14, 1959, with a groundbreaking ceremony on the Staten Island anchorage. Those in attendance included New Jersey Governor Meyner, New York City Mayor Wagner, and TBTA Chairman Moses. Although New York Governor Rockefeller had been invited to the event, neither he nor Assembly Speaker Joseph F. Carlino showed up.[59][71]:30 In December 1959, the TBTA was put in charge of funding and building the bridge.[78]  To raise money for construction, Rockefeller signed a bill that would remove the 4% ceiling on the interest rates for the securities that the TBTA was selling to pay for the bridge. This ceiling would be lifted until June 1965. In essence, this meant that the TBTA could sell securities at much higher interest rates to raise the $320 million that was needed.[79]

text: The Swiss-born engineer Othmar Ammann was named as the senior partner for the project.[59] Other notable figures involved chief engineer Milton Brumer;[80][81] project engineers Herb Rothman and Frank L. Stahl;[82] design engineer Leopold Just;[83] Safety Engineer Alonzo Dickinson,[84] and engineer of construction John West Kinney.[82] Meanwhile, John "Hard Nose" Murphy supervised the span's and cables' construction.[71]:52[85]

text: Before starting actual work on the bridge, the TBTA destroyed the structures at the future locations of the anchorages.[59] The agency acquired 36 acres (15 ha) of the 138 acres (56 ha) within Fort Hamilton, in return for paying for a $12 million renovation of the Army installation and giving up 10.8 acres (4.4 ha) of land in Dyker Beach Park.[86] A 1,000-ton World War I monument on the Brooklyn side, within the path of the future Seventh Avenue approach, was placed atop rolling logs and shifted 370 feet (110 m).[87] The right-of-way for the Seventh Avenue approach was also being cleared, and despite initial opposition to the clearing work, all of the residents within the approach's path eventually acquiesced to moving elsewhere.[71]:24 To prevent contractors from delaying work on the expressways on either side of the bridge, Moses warned them of steep fines if the expressways were not completed by the time the bridge was finished.[88]

text: An anchorage was built on each side of the Narrows, with each anchorage measuring 229 feet (70 m) long by 129 feet (39 m) wide, with sixty-six large holes for the cables.[71]:54[89] Foundation work for the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was well underway by 1960, as visitors were able to see the anchorages.[90]  Then, two caissons were sunk into the channel close to either shoreline. The Staten Island side's caisson was sunk 105 feet (32 m) into the water, and necessitated the dredging of 81,000 cubic yards (62,000 m3) of sand and assorted muck.[71]:54 This caisson required 47,000 cubic yards (36,000 m3) of concrete, and in March 1961, it became the first of the two caissons to be sunk.[89] The Brooklyn side's caisson required even more work, since it was 170 feet (52 m) deep, displaced 145,000 cubic yards (111,000 m3) of muck, and used 83,000 cubic yards (63,000 m3) of concrete.[71]:54[89] A concrete workers' strike in mid-1961 threatened the timely completion of the Staten Island anchorage, which had only been partially filled with concrete.[91] This strike lasted several months and affected many projects under the city.[92] The process of constructing the anchorages and caissons took just over two years, and it was complete by the end of 1961.[71]:54

text: Afterward, two separate companies constructed the modules that would make up the 693-foot-tall (211 m) suspension towers. The Staten Island tower was built  by Bethlehem Steel, and the Brooklyn tower was built by the Harris Structural Company.[71]:55 The first piece of the towers, a 300-foot piece of the tower on the Staten Island side, was lifted into place in October 1961,[93] and this tower was topped out by September 1962.[94] The Brooklyn tower started construction in April 1962.[95] When the towers were fully erected, workers began the process of spinning the bridge's cables. The American Bridge Company was selected to construct the cables and deck.[71]:53 The cable-spinning process began in March 1963 and took six months, since 142,520 miles (229,360 km) of bridge cables had to be strung 104,432 times around the bridge.[96] The main cables were hung on both sides of the span, and then suspender cables were hung from the bridge's main cables.[71]:58 The main cables were fully spun by August.[97]

text: In late 1963, builders started receiving the rectangular pieces that would make up the roadway deck. The components for the sixty 40-ton slabs were first created in an assembly line in Jersey City.[98] Then, these components were combined in a Bayonne steelworks 5 miles (8.0 km) from the bridge site, and after the pieces of each slab were assembled, they were floated to the Narrows via barge.[99] Each piece measured 28 feet (8.5 m) high by approximately 115 feet (35 m) wide and long. These pieces of the deck were then hung from the suspender cables.[71]:94–95 The first piece of the deck was lifted onto the bridge in October 1963.[100] By early 1964, the span was nearly finished, and all that remained was to secure the various parts of the bridge.[71]:133 By this point, plans for new development on Staten Island were well underway,[101] and tourists had come to observe the construction of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge.[102] The bridge had been scheduled to open in 1965, but owing to the faster-than-anticipated rate of progress, the TBTA decided to open the bridge in November 1964.[103] In preparation for the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge's opening, the TBTA fully repainted the structure.[104] The construction process of the bridge had employed an average of 1,200 workers a day for five years, excluding those who had worked on the approaches; around 10,000 individuals had worked on the bridge throughout that five-year period.[67]:736

text: Three men died during the construction of the bridge.[71]:91 The first fatality was 58-year-old Paul Bassett, who fell off the deck and struck a tower in August 1962.[105] Irving Rubin, also 58 years old, died in July 1963 when he fell off of the bridge approach.[106][71]:91 The third worker who died was 19-year-old Gerard McKee, who fell into the water in October 1963 after slipping off the catwalk.[71]:91[107][108] After McKee's death, workers participated in a five-day strike in December 1963. The strike resulted in temporary safety nets being installed underneath the deck.[71]:98[109][110] These nets had not been provided during the four years prior to the strike.[110]

text: The construction of the bridge was chronicled by the writer Gay Talese in his 1964 book The Bridge: The Building of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. He also wrote several articles about the bridge's construction for the New York Times.[111] The book also contains several drawings by Lili Réthi and photographs by Bruce Davidson.[71]:Cover Page

text: Opening and later years[edit]

text: The Staten Island approach to the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was the first part of the new project to be completed, and it opened in January 1964.[112] The upper deck was opened on November 21, 1964, at a cost of $320 million in 1964 dollars, equivalent to $2,525 million in present dollars.[113] Politicians at all levels of the government, from Brooklyn Borough President Abe Stark to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, wrote speeches paying tribute to the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge.[114] The opening ceremony was attended by over 5,000 people, including 1,500 official guests. Several dignitaries, involving the mayor, the governor, and the borough presidents of Brooklyn and Staten Island, cut the gold ribbon. They then joined a motorcade to mark the official opening of the bridge. A 35-cent toll was charged to all motorists crossing the bridge.[115][113] The Verrazano Bridge's opening was celebrated across Staten Island.[116] Moses did not invite any of the 12,000 workers to the opening,[110] so they boycotted the event and instead attended a mass in memory of the three workers who died during construction.[113]

text: The opening was accompanied by the release of a commemorative postage stamp, which depicted a ship sailing underneath the new span.[117] The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) created a bus route across the bridge to connect Victory Boulevard in Staten Island with the Bay Ridge–95th Street subway station in Brooklyn.[118] This bus service initially saw low patronage, with only 6,000 daily passengers using the route.[119] Five days after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge opened, the ferry from Staten Island to Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, stopped running, as it was now redundant to the new bridge.[120]

text: Within the first two months of the bridge's opening, 1.86 million vehicles had used the new crossing, ten percent more than originally projected, and this netted the TBTA almost $1 million in toll revenue. The Goethals Bridge, which connected New Jersey to the Staten Island Expressway and the Verrazano Bridge, saw its daily average use increase by 75%, or approximately 300,000 trips total, compared to before the Narrows Bridge opened. The Holland Tunnel from New Jersey to Manhattan, and the Staten Island Ferry from Staten Island to Manhattan, both saw decreased vehicle counts after the bridge opened.[121] In summer 1965, Staten Island saw increased patronage at its beaches, facilitated by the opening of the new bridge.[122] By the time of the bridge's first anniversary, 17 million motorists had crossed the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, paying $9 million in tolls.[123] The bridge had seen 34% more trips than planners had projected.[124] Conversely, 5.5 million fewer passengers and 700,000 fewer vehicles rode the Staten Island Ferry to Manhattan.[125]

text: The Verrazano Bridge was the last project designed by Ammann, who had designed many of the other major crossings into and within New York City. He died in 1965, the year after the bridge opened.[126] The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was also the last great public works project in New York City overseen by Moses.[127] The urban planner envisioned that the Verrazano and Throgs Neck Bridges would be the final major bridges in New York City for the time being, since they would complete the city's expressway system.[128]

text: Although the bridge was constructed with only one 6-lane roadway, Ammann had made provisions for a second 6-lane deck below it, in the form of extra trusses.[129] These trusses, which were used to strengthen the bridge, were a design alteration that was added to many bridges in the aftermath of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse in 1940.[71]:45 The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge became so popular among motorists that in March 1969, the TBTA decided to erect the lower deck[130] at a cost of $22 million.[67]:1130 The Verrazano Bridge had not been expected to carry enough traffic to necessitate a second deck until 1978, but traffic patterns over the previous five years had demonstrate the need for extra bridge capacity. By contrast, a lower deck on the George Washington Bridge, connecting New Jersey and Upper Manhattan, had not been built until thirty-one years after the bridge's 1931 opening.[131] The new six-lane deck opened on June 28, 1969.[132] Originally, the Verrazano Bridge's Brooklyn end was also supposed to connect to the planned Cross-Brooklyn Expressway, New York State Route 878, and JFK Airport, but the Cross-Brooklyn Expressway project was canceled in 1969.[133]

text: On June 26, 1976, to celebrate the United States' 200th anniversary, workers placed a very large U.S. flag on the side of the Verrazano Bridge. The flag was described as having the area of "a football field and a half"[134] and billed as the world's largest flag,[135] and at the time, it was the largest U.S. flag ever made.[110] The flag was supposed to withstand wind speeds of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), but it ripped apart three days later, when there was a wind speed of 16 miles per hour (26 km/h).[135]

text: The TBTA's successor, MTA Bridges and Tunnels, stopped collecting tolls for Brooklyn-bound drivers in 1986, and doubled the toll for Staten Island-bound drivers.[136] This was a result of a bill introduced by Guy V. Molinari, the U.S. Representative for Staten Island, as part of an initiative to reduce traffic that accumulated at the toll booth on Staten Island.[137] The one-way toll was initially intended to be part of a six-month pilot program,[138] but resulted in permanent changes to traffic flows on the Verrazano Bridge. The crossing saw more Brooklyn-bound traffic and less Staten Island-bound traffic as a result.[139] This unidirectional collection is still in effect as of  March 2017[update].[140]

text: Beginning in 2008, all 262 of the mercury vapor fixtures in the bridge's necklace lighting were replaced with energy-efficient light-emitting diodes. This retrofit was completed in 2009, years before LED street lights were installed in the rest of the city.[141]

text: Renovation[edit]

text: In 2014, the city began a $1.5 billion reconstruction project on the bridge. At the time, it was expected to take up to 25 years.[142] The first phase, which cost $235 million and lasted until 2017, included replacing ramps, removing the divider on the upper deck, and adding a seventh lane on the upper deck, which was to be used as a high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane.[143] The parts for this deck were ordered from China because the parts that the MTA required were no longer manufactured in the United States.[144]

text: After the upper deck was replaced, parts of the lower deck are to be replaced, but this necessitates the closure of the lower deck during construction. Hence, the MTA opted to replace the upper deck first to add more capacity. The Brooklyn ramps to the bridge are also being rebuilt.[142] The upper level's new HOV lane opened in July 2017.[145] Simultaneously, the MTA dismantled the Staten Island-bound toll booths to speed up westbound traffic.[146] This work was done in advance of the reconstruction of tracks around Penn Station, which severely limited rail service into that station and created more vehicular traffic at crossings to Manhattan.[147] Eventually, the Verrazano Bridge might also contain a bicycle and pedestrian path.[148]

text: Description[edit]

text: The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is owned by Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority bondholders who paid for the bridge at its construction.[149] It is operated by the TBTA's successor, MTA Bridges and Tunnels, which is an affiliate agency of the MTA.[150] The bridge carries Interstate 278, which continues onto the Staten Island Expressway to the west and the Gowanus Expressway to the northeast. The Verrazano, in combination with the Goethals Bridge and the Staten Island Expressway, created a new way for commuters and travelers to reach Brooklyn, Long Island, and Manhattan by car from New Jersey.[151]

text: Each of the two towers contains 1 million bolts and 3 million rivets.[2] The diameters of each of the four main suspension cables is 36 inches (914 mm). Each main cable is composed of 26,108 wires amounting to a total of 142,520 miles (229,364 km) in length.[2][96] Because of the height of the towers (693 ft or 211 m) and their distance apart (4,260 ft or 1,298 m), the curvature of the Earth's surface had to be taken into account when designing the bridge—the towers are 1 5⁄8 inches (41.275 mm) farther apart at their tops than at their bases; they are not parallel to each other.[67]:752[2][152] The bridge's two towers are the tallest structures in New York City outside of Manhattan.[110]

text: At the time of opening, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world, with a center span of 4,260 feet (1,300 m), surpassing the length of the Golden Gate Bridge's center span by 60 feet (18 m).[71]:5 In 1981, it was surpassed by the Humber Bridge in England, which has a center span of 4,626 feet (1,410 m).[153]

text: Because of thermal expansion of the steel cables, the bridge roadway is 12 feet (3.66 m) lower in summer than in winter.[2][110][154] The bridge is affected by weather more than any other bridge in the city because of its size and isolated location close to the open ocean; it is occasionally closed, either partially or entirely, during strong wind and snow storms.

text: The Narrows is the only entry point for cruise ships and container ships that dock in New York City. As a result, they must be built to accommodate the clearance under the bridge. At mean high water, that clearance is 228 feet (69 m).[81] The RMS Queen Mary 2, one such vessel built to Verrazano-Narrows Bridge specifications, was designed with a flatter funnel to pass under the bridge, and has 13 feet (3.96 m) of clearance under the bridge during high tide.[2][155]

text: Numerous birds nest or roost on the bridge, most notably breeding peregrine falcons.[156] The falcons nest at the top of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge's towers, as well as on the Throgs Neck and Marine Parkway Bridges. As the falcons are endangered, the city places bands on each bird and examines the birds' nesting sites each year. The falcons were discovered on the top of the Verrazano Bridge in 1983, though they had been breeding there for several years prior.[157][158]

text: Naming[edit]

text: During the planning stages, the bridge was originally named simply the "Narrows Bridge".[159] The co-naming of the bridge for Verrazzano (with two "z"s) was controversial. It was first proposed in 1951 by the Italian Historical Society of America, when the bridge was in the planning stage. After Robert Moses turned down the initial proposal, the society undertook a public relations campaign to re-establish Verrazzano's largely forgotten reputation and to promote the idea of naming the bridge for him. The society's director, John N. LaCorte, successfully lobbied several governors of states along the U.S.'s East Coast to proclaim April 17, the anniversary of Verrazzano's arrival in the harbor, as Verrazzano Day. LaCorte then approached the TBTA again, but was turned down a second time. The manager of the authority, backed by Moses, said the name was too long and that he had never heard of Verrazzano.[160]

text: The Italian Historical Society later succeeded in lobbying to get a bill introduced in the New York State Assembly that would name the bridge for the explorer. After the introduction of the bill, the Staten Island Chamber of Commerce joined the society in promoting the name. In April 1958, Governor W. Averell Harriman announced that he would propose naming the Narrows Bridge after Verrazzano in honor of the explorer's voyage to the New York Harbor in 1524.[161] His successor, Nelson Rockefeller put his support behind the one-"z" "Verrazano" name in April 1959, saying that it was the Americans' standard way of spelling the explorer's name.[76] Although the "Verrazano" name was not finalized yet, the New York Times noted that the Staten Island Ferry boat carrying dignitaries to the bridge's August 1959 groundbreaking ceremony was named the "Verrazzano". The Times further stated that former Governor Harriman and Mayor Wagner had respectively proposed a "Verrazzano Bridge" and proclaimed a "Verrazzano Day".[77] The Staten Island Chamber of Commerce opposed the Verrazano name altogether, saying that the proper name of the bridge should be "Staten Island Bridge" because there was also a "Brooklyn Bridge", a "Manhattan Bridge", a "Queens Bridge", and a "Bronx Bridge".[162] The Italian Historical Society was reportedly perplexed about the opposition to the "Verrazano" name.[163] In response to the Staten Island Chamber of Commerce's opposition, the TBTA offered to add a hyphen between "Verrazano" and "Narrows".[159]

text: Rockefeller signed the "Verrazano" name into law in March 1960, which officially changed the name of the Narrows Bridge to "Verrazano-Narrows Bridge".[164] The naming issue did not encounter any more controversy until 1963, after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. This prompted a series of suggestions to rename structures, monuments, and agencies across the United States after the late president.[165] A petition to rename the Verrazano Bridge for Kennedy received thousands of signatures.[166] In response, LaCorte contacted the president's brother, United States Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who told LaCorte that he would assure that the bridge would keep the "Verrazano" name.[160] Ultimately, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge kept its name, while Idlewild Airport in Queens was renamed after Kennedy.[167]

text: In part due to discrimination against Italian-Americans, the bridge's official name was widely ignored by local news outlets at the time of the dedication. Some radio announcers and newspapers omitted any reference to Verrazzano, referring to the bridge as the Narrows Bridge, or the Brooklyn–Staten Island Bridge. The society continued its lobbying efforts to promote the name in the following years until the name became firmly established. Another ethnic slur for bridge was its nickname as the "Guinea Gangplank", referring to the Italian-Americans who subsequently moved from Brooklyn to Staten Island.[71]:33

text: In June 2016, St. Francis College student Robert Nash[168] started a petition to correctly spell Giovanni da Verrazzano's name on the bridge. The petition has gained support from politicians including Senator Martin Golden and Senator Andrew Lanza. The petition has also been supported by actors and celebrities Robert DeNiro, Tony Gemignani, and Joe D'Onofrio.[169] The results of the petition are ongoing.[170][171][172] In December 2016, Senators Golden and Lanza sent letters to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority CEO Thomas F. Prendergast, in which they recommended that the bridge's name be spelled correctly. An MTA spokesperson said the agency was reviewing the letter.[169][173]

text: Tolls[edit]

text: As of March 19, 2017, drivers pay the one-way toll (paid westbound into Staten Island only) $17.00 per car or $7.00 per motorcycle. E-ZPass users with transponders issued by the New York E ZPass Customer Service Center pay $11.52 per car or $5.00 per motorcycle; a five-axle truck pays $92, or $56.80 with NY E-ZPass. There is a Staten Island Resident Program that provides a discounted rate of $5.50 to registered residents of Staten Island using E-ZPass. Holders of transponders issued elsewhere get no discount. All E-ZPass users with transponders not issued by the New York E-ZPass Customer Service Center are required to pay the Toll-by-mail rates.[140] The $17 tolls for passenger cars, imposed in 2017, were higher than for most other tolled crossings in the U.S. Tolls for trucks ranged up to $132, or $79.52 with E-ZPass depending on the number of axles. As of  2017[update], the tolls from the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge grossed the MTA $417 million per year, and about 85% of bridge motorists use the discounted toll rate.[174]

text: An urban legend has it that tolls were to be abolished once the bridge's construction bonds were paid off, but this has been debunked by the Staten Island Advance.[175][176] Originally, all drivers paid the same standard toll to cross the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, regardless of whether they were Staten Island residents. They were the only residents of New York City who had to pay a toll in order to enter their home borough, since all four of Staten Island's vehicular crossings collected tolls. This put Staten Island motorists at a financial disadvantage compared to drivers who lived in other boroughs.[177][178][174] A bill to reduce the tolls for Staten Islanders was introduced in the New York City Council in 1975.[177] Governor Mario Cuomo signed another law to give Staten Island residents discounted tolls in 1983, after years of petitioning and opposition from his two predecessors.[178]

text: From its opening until 1986, the toll was collected in both directions.  In 1985, U.S. Representative Guy V. Molinari co-sponsored a bill that would require the MTA to collect the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge's toll in the Staten Island-bound direction only. This came after Staten Island residents had complained about pollution from idling vehicles.[137] In December of that year, the United States House of Representatives passed a bill that prohibited the MTA from collecting tolls from Brooklyn-bound vehicles,[179] under penalty of a loss of highway funding.[139] Accordingly, in March 1986, the MTA started a pilot program where it charged a $3.50 toll for Staten Island-bound vehicles rather than charging a $1.75 toll in both directions.[136][180] The pilot program was extended to six months, but it was controversial due to the dubious benefits involved.[138] The new toll plan not only caused a drop in revenues,[181] but also caused congestion in Manhattan and Brooklyn[182] and air pollution in Manhattan. Canal Street in Lower Manhattan, which connected to the Holland Tunnel to New Jersey, saw the most severe congestion, as drivers would go through New Jersey and use the Bayonne Bridge to pay a cheaper toll to enter Staten Island.[183] Fatal accidents involving pedestrians in Lower Manhattan also increased greatly as a result.[184] In 1987, the MTA supported removing the one-way toll because it reduced MTA revenues by $7 million a year.[185] At that point, Cuomo proposed reinstating an eastbound toll for trucks.[186] In 1990, it was noted that about 455,000 more eastbound vehicles per year were using the bridge's eastbound lanes compared to before the toll reconfiguration, but that this was heavily outweighed by the 1.5 million fewer westbound vehicles per year.[139] Residents of Manhattan and Brooklyn wanted the tolls changed so that either eastbound vehicles only, or both directions, would be tolled.[187]

text: Despite not collecting tolls in the eastbound direction since 1986, the MTA did not do anything with the unused booths for a quarter-century.[188] In 2010, eight of the eleven Brooklyn-bound toll booths were removed as part of the first phase of a project to improve traffic flow at the toll plaza.[189][188] Two years later, the last of the eastbound tollbooths was removed.[190][191] To this day, tolls are still collected only in the Staten Island-bound direction, and congestion within Lower Manhattan persists due to the bridge's one-way westbound toll.[140][174]

text: Open-road cashless tolling began on July 8, 2017.[146] The westbound tollbooths were also dismantled, and drivers were no longer able to pay cash at the bridge. Instead, there are cameras mounted onto new overhead gantries near where the booths were located.[192][193] Drivers without E-ZPass will have a picture of their license plate taken, and the toll will be mailed to them. For E-ZPass users, sensors will detect their transponders wirelessly.[192][193]

text: Bridge usage[edit]

text: In 2015, an average of 202,523 vehicles used the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge daily in both directions. As of  2015[update], the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge carries more traffic than the Outerbridge Crossing, the Bayonne Bridge, and the Goethals Bridge. These three bridges, which connect Staten Island with New Jersey, were used by a combined  168,984 vehicles in both directions.[1]

text: In 2011, Transportation for America rated the bridge as New York's most dangerous, because of the combination of deterioration and the amount of people who cross it per day.[194] The MTA responded that the bridge, which was the state's newest large bridge and its longest, was structurally sound, and that the bridge had passed its most recent inspection. The MTA attributed Transportation for America's results to a "misinterpretation of inspection records".[195]

text: Signs at both ends of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge forbid photography and video taping while on the bridge. These signs were installed after the September 11, 2001, attacks, when the MTA started taking away film from individuals who were caught filming MTA crossings. However, the ban had been in place long before the attacks in order to prevent people from taking close-up pictures of the bridge.[196]

text: Public transportation[edit]

text: Three local bus routes operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations use the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge: the S53 local route, the S79 Select Bus Service route, and the S93 limited-stop route. The bridge also carries 17 express bus routes that connect Staten Island with Manhattan and are also operated by New York City Transit. They are the X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X7, X8, X9, X10, X11, X12, X14, X15, X17, X19, X31, and X42.[197]

text: Subway tracks were proposed for the bridge early in the planning process,[56] but Moses rejected them over cost concerns.[57]

text: Pedestrian and bicycle restriction[edit]

text: The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was not built with a pedestrian walkway, due to concerns over cost, as well as an effort to prevent possible suicide jumps.[198] Non-motorized transportation is limited to using the bridge during the New York City Marathon and Five Boro Bike Tour.[199][200] In 1976, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was designated as the starting point of the New York City Marathon. The 1976 marathon was the first year in the marathon's six-year history that the New York City Marathon course went outside Manhattan.[201] Since then, the marathon has started at the Verrazano Bridge's Staten island end every year.[202] The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is not open to pedestrians or bikers outside of the marathon and the bike tour.[199]

text: The lack of a walkway did not stop suicides completely, since by 1975, four people had died after jumping off the bridge.[203] The number of suicides has increased over time, despite efforts at deterrence. A sign that says "Life Is Worth Living" is located on the Staten Island approach. In 2008, the MTA also installed six suicide hotlines on the bridge.[204]

text: There have been calls for a walkway or bike lane on the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge since its opening, when several people protested over the lack of bike lanes at the bridge's opening ceremony.[205] In 1977, as a temporary solution, the city modified three buses to fit 12 bikes and 20 passengers each, then operated these buses on a new "S7 Verrazano Bridge" route.[206] In 1993, the New York City Department of City Planning called for a footpath across the bridge as part of their Greenway Plan for New York City.[207] The next year, the city sought a $100,000 federal grant to fund a feasibility study into a Verrazano Bridge pedestrian and bike path.[208] In 1997, the DCP released its study, which found that two footpaths running between the suspender ropes along the upper level, separated for pedestrian and cyclist use, would cost a minimum of $26.5 million.[209][210] The MTA at the time expressed concern about the "safety and liability inherent in any strategy that introduces pedestrian and bicycle access" to the bridge.[209]

text: Local residents on both side of the bridge started advocating for the construction of a walkway or bikeway on the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in 2002. Dave Lutz, the director of the Neighborhood Open Space Coalition nonprofit, stated that after the September 11 attacks, Staten Islanders walked home along the bridge's roadway.[211] Mayor Michael Bloomberg promised to look into the possibility in October 2003.[212]

text: The Harbor Ring Committee was formed in 2011 to advocate for the completion of the Harbor Ring route, which would create a 50-mile (80 km) around New York Harbor, including a footpath across the Verrazano.[210] In spring 2013 the committee began an online petition that generated more than 2,500 signatures, as well as an organizational sign-on letter with the support of 16 regional and local advocacy and planning organizations.[213]  That year, the MTA announced that it would include conduct a three-year feasibility study for installing a pathway on the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge.[210][214] The MTA considered plans for a bike lane in 2015, during the reconstruction of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge.[148]


document_title: List of highest-grossing Indian films

question_text: what is the highest grossing indian movie of all time

root

text: List of highest-grossing Indian films

text: Global gross figures

text: The following list shows India's top 25 highest-grossing films, which include films from all the Indian languages. The figures are not adjusted for inflation.

tag: p

text: The following list of films is sorted in terms of Indian rupees. Currency conversions to US dollars are also given as reference points, but may not be consistent, as the dollar-rupee exchange rate has varied over time,[6] from 48 rupees per dollar in 2009[7] to over 65 rupees per dollar in 2017.[8]

text:
*
Denotes films still running in theatres

Denotes films that ranked first when they were still playing

tag: table

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Primary language
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Dangal *
2016
Nitesh Tiwari
Aamir Khan Productions
UTV Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios India
Hindi
330 ! ₹2,000 crore+ (US$330 million)
[n 1][n 2][n 3]

2
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion *
2017
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
Telugu
Tamil
270 ! ₹1,792.08 crore (US$270 million)
[n 4]

3
Secret Superstar *
2017
Advait Chandan
Aamir Khan Productions
Hindi
154 ! ₹975.34 crore (US$154 million)
[n 5]

4
Bajrangi Bhaijaan
2015
Kabir Khan
Salman Khan Films
Kabir Khan Films
Hindi
149 ! ₹970.05 crore (US$151 million)
[n 6]

5
PK
2014
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
Rajkumar Hirani Films
Hindi
140 ! ₹854 crore (US$140 million)
[n 7]

6
Baahubali: The Beginning
2015
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
Telugu
Tamil
100 ! ₹650 crore (US$100 million)
[38][39][40]

7
Sultan
2016
Ali Abbas Zafar
Yash Raj Films
Hindi
092 ! ₹589.25 crore (US$92 million)
[n 8]

8
Dhoom 3
2013
Vijay Krishna Acharya
Yash Raj Films
Hindi
101 ! ₹589.2 crore (US$101 million)
[n 9]

9
Padmaavat
2018
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Bhansali Productions
Viacom 18 Motion Pictures
Hindi
090 ! ₹585 crore (US$90 million)
[46]

10
Tiger Zinda Hai
2017
Ali Abbas Zafar
Yash Raj Films
Hindi
087.32 ! ₹570.83 crore (US$87.32 million)
[47][8]

11
3 Idiots
2009
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
Hindi
090 ! ₹459.96 crore (US$90 million)
[n 10]

12
Prem Ratan Dhan Payo
2015
Sooraj R. Barjatya
Fox Star Studios
Rajshri Productions
Hindi
067 ! ₹432 crore (US$67 million)
[33][15]

13
Chennai Express
2013
Rohit Shetty
Red Chillies Entertainment
Hindi
072 ! ₹423 crore (US$72 million)
[51][15]

14
Dilwale
2015
Rohit Shetty
Red Chillies Entertainment
Rohit Shetty Productions
Hindi
064 ! ₹408.15 crore (US$64 million)
[n 11][15]

15
Kick
2014
Sajid Nadiadwala
Nadiadwala Grandson
Hindi
066 ! ₹402 crore (US$66 million)
[53][15]

16
Happy New Year
2014
Farah Khan
Red Chillies Entertainment
Hindi
065 ! ₹397 crore (US$65 million)
[n 12]

17
Bajirao Mastani
2015
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Bhansali Productions
Eros International
Hindi
056 ! ₹356.2 crore (US$55 million)
[55]

18
Bang Bang!
2014
Siddharth Anand
Fox Star Studios
Hindi
056 ! ₹340 crore (US$56 million)
[56]

19
Hindi Medium
2017
Saket Chaudhary
T-Series
Hindi
051 ! ₹334.36 crore (US$51 million)
[n 13]

20
Ek Tha Tiger
2012
Kabir Khan
Yash Raj Films
Hindi
060 ! ₹320 crore (US$60 million)
[60][61]

21
Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani
2013
Ayan Mukerji
Dharma Productions
Hindi
054 ! ₹318 crore (US$54 million)
[44][43]

22
Golmaal Again
2017
Rohit Shetty
Rohit Shetty Productions
Hindi
048 ! ₹311.05 crore (US$48 million)
[62]

23
Raees
2017
Rahul Dholakia
Red Chillies Entertainment
Hindi
045 ! ₹308.88 crore (US$47 million)
[n 14]

24
Krrish 3
2013
Rakesh Roshan
Filmkraft Productions
Hindi
050 ! ₹291.52 crore (US$50 million)
[55][43]

25
Enthiran
2010
S. Shankar
Sun Pictures
Tamil
063 ! ₹290 crore (US$63 million)
[65][66]

text: Highest-grossing films by language

text: Bengali cinema was the center of Indian cinema in the 1930s,[67] and accounted for a quarter of India's film output in the 1950s.[68] Cinema in South India accounted for nearly half of India's cinema halls in the 1940s.[2]

text: Bengali

text: Bengali cinema is the Bengali language film industry centered in the Tollygunge neighborhood of Kolkata, West Bengal. It has been known by the nickname Tollywood, a portmanteau of the words Tollygunge and Hollywood, since 1932.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Amazon Obhijaan
2017
Kamaleswar Mukherjee
Shree Venkatesh Films
₹48.63 crore (US$7.4 million)
[69][70]

2
Chander Pahar
2013
Kamaleswar Mukherjee
Shree Venkatesh Films
₹16.53 crore (US$2.5 million)
[71][72]

3
Boss 2: Back to Rule
2017
Baba Yadav
Jeetz Fireworks
Walzen Media Works
Jaaz Multimedia
₹12 crore (US$1.8 million)

4
Paglu
2011
Rajiv Kumar Biswas
Surinder Films
₹9.92 crore (US$1.5 million)
[73]

5
Saathi
2002
Haranath Chakraborty
Shree Venkatesh Films
₹9.78 crore (US$1.5 million)
[74]

6
Rangbaaz
2013
Raja Chanda
Surinder Films
₹9 crore (US$1.4 million)
[75]

7
Praktan
2016
Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Nandita Roy
Windows
₹8.5 crore (US$1.3 million)
[76]

8
Awara
2012
Rabi Kinagi
Shree Venkatesh Films
₹8.46 crore (US$1.3 million)
[77]

9
Khoka 420
2013
Rajiv Kumar Biswas
Eskay Movies
₹8 crore (US$1.2 million)
[75]

10
Posto
2017
Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Nandita Roy
Windows
₹8 crore (US$1.2 million)
[78][79][80]

text: Bhojpuri

text: The Bhojpuri cinema produces films in the Bhojpuri language. It caters to an audience from eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar and Nepal.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Sasura Bada Paisawala
2004
Ajay Sinha
Balaji Cinevision Pvt Ltd
₹9 crore (US$1.4 million)
[81]

text: Gujarati

text: The Gujarati cinema produces films in Gujarati language and is primarily focused on the audience in Gujarat and Mumbai. The film industry is sometimes referred to as Dhollywood or Gollywood.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Desh Re Joya Dada Pardesh Joya
1998
Govindbhai Patel
GN films
₹22 crore (US$3.4 million)
[82][83]

2
Chhello Divas
2015
Krishnadev Yagnik
Belvedere Films
₹18 crore (US$2.8 million)
[82][84]

3
Gujjubhai the Great
2015
Ishaan Randeria
Siddharth Randeria Productions
₹15 crore (US$2.3 million)
[85]

4
GujjuBhai - Most Wanted
2018
Ishaan Randeria
Pen India, SRF
₹15 crore (US$2.3 million)
[86]

5
Bey Yaar
2014
Abhishek Jain
CineMan productions
₹8.5 crore (US$1.3 million)
[87]

6
Karsandas Pay & Use
2017
Krishnadev Yagnik
Belvedere Films
₹4 crore (US$610,000)
[88]

text: Hindi (Bollywood)

text: The Hindi language film industry, based in Mumbai, India, is frequently known as Bollywood.[89] Bollywood is the largest film producer in India and one of the largest centres of film production in the world.[90][91][92]

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Dangal *
2016
Nitesh Tiwari
Aamir Khan Productions
UTV Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios India
340 ! ₹2,209.3 crore (US$340 million)
[n 2]

2
Secret Superstar *
2017
Advait Chandan
Aamir Khan Productions
154 ! ₹975.34 crore (US$154 million)
[n 5]

3
Bajrangi Bhaijaan
2015
Kabir Khan
Salman Khan Films
Kabir Khan Films
151 ! ₹970.05 crore (US$150 million)
[n 6]

4
PK
2014
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
Rajkumar Hirani Films
140 ! ₹854 crore (US$140 million)
[n 7]

5
Sultan
2016
Ali Abbas Zafar
Yash Raj Films
092 ! ₹589.25 crore (US$92 million)
[n 8]

6
Dhoom 3
2013
Vijay Krishna Acharya
Yash Raj Films
101 ! ₹589.2 crore (US$101 million)
[n 9]

7
Padmaavat
2018
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Bhansali Productions
Viacom 18 Motion Pictures
090 ! ₹585 crore (US$90 million)
[46]

8
Tiger Zinda Hai
2017
Ali Abbas Zafar
Yash Raj Films
087.32 ! ₹569 crore (US$87.32 million)
[47][8]

9
3 Idiots
2009
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
090 ! ₹459.96 crore (US$90 million)
[n 10]

10
Prem Ratan Dhan Payo
2015
Sooraj Barjatya
Fox Star Studios
Rajshri Productions
067 ! ₹432 crore (US$67 million)
[33]

text: Kannada (Sandalwood)

text: Bengaluru is the center for the Kannada cinema, films produced in the Kannada language. It is sometimes known by the nickname "Sandalwood".

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Raajakumara
2017
Santhosh Ananddram
Hombale Productions
₹75 crore (US$11 million)
[93]

2
Mungaru Male
2006
Yogaraj Bhat
E. K. Entertainers
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[94][95]

Kirik Party
2016
Rishab Shetty
Paramvah Studios
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[96]

Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari
2014
Santhosh Ananddram
Jayanna Combines
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[97]

5
Doddmane Hudga
2016
Duniya Soori
Ajay Pictures
₹40 crore (US$6.1 million)
[98]

Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna
2012
Naganna
Sri Sangolli Rayanna Cine Combines
₹40 crore (US$6.1 million)
[99]

Uppi 2
2015
Upendra
Upendra Productions
₹40 crore (US$6.1 million)
[100]

8
Kotigobba 2
2016
K. S. Ravikumar
Rambabu Productions
₹35 crore (US$5.4 million)–₹38 crore (US$5.8 million)
[101]

9
Dandupalya
2012
Srinivas Raju
Apple Blossom Creations
₹35 crore (US$5.4 million)
[102][103]

Shivalinga
2016
P. Vasu
Jayanna Films
₹35 crore (US$5.4 million)
[101]

text: Malayalam

text: Malayalam cinema is a part of Indian cinema based in Kerala dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Malayalam language. It is sometimes known by the nickname "Mollywood" by certain media outlets. These are the top 10 highest grossing Malayalam films.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Pulimurugan
2016
Vysakh
Mulakuppadam Films
₹152 crore (US$23 million)
[104][105]

2
Drishyam
2013
Jeethu Joseph
Aashirvad Cinemas
₹75 crore (US$11 million)
[106][107]

3
Oppam
2016
Priyadarshan
Aashirvad Cinemas
₹65 crore (US$10 million)
[108][109]

4
Premam
2015
Alphonse Puthren
Anwar Rasheed Entertainments
₹60 crore (US$9.2 million)
[110]

5
Two Countries
2015
Shafi
Rejaputhra Visual Media
₹55 crore (US$8.4 million)
[111]

6
Aadhi
2018
Jeethu Joseph
Aashirvad Cinemas
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[112]

Ennu Ninte Moideen
2015
R. S. Vimal
Newton Movies
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[113]

Ezra
2017
Jay K
AVA Productions, E4 Entertainment
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[114]

Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol
2017
Jibu Jacob
Weekend Blockbusters
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[115]

Ramaleela
2017
Arun Gopy
Mulakuppadam Films
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[116]

text: Marathi

text: The Marathi cinema industry produces films in the Marathi language and is based in the state of Maharashtra, India. India's first full-length film, Raja Harishchandra, was released in 1913 in Marathi.[117] It is sometimes known by the nickname "M-town" by media.

text:
#+
Implies that the film is a bilingual and the gross collection figure includes the worldwide collection of the other simultaneously filmed version.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Sairat
2016
Nagraj Manjule
Essel Vision Productions, Aatpat Production
₹110 crore (US$17 million)
[118][119]

2
Sachin: A Billion Dreams
2017
James Erskine
200 NotOut Productions
₹76.86 crore (US$12 million)
[120]

3
Natsamrat
2016
Mahesh Manjrekar
Fincraft Media & Entertainment & Great Maratha Entertainment
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[121][122]

4
Katyar Kaljat Ghusali
2015
Subodh Bhave
Essel Vision Productions
₹40 crore (US$6.1 million)
[123]

Timepass 2
2015
Ravi Jadhav
Essel Vision Productions
₹40 crore (US$6.1 million)
[124]

Lai Bhaari
2014
Nishikant Kamath
Mumbai Film Company
₹40 crore (US$6.1 million)
[125]

7
Timepass
2014
Ravi Jadhav
Zee Talkies
₹33 crore (US$5.1 million)
[126]

8
Duniyadari
2013
Sanjay Jadhav
Dreaming 24/7 Productions
₹32 crore (US$4.9 million)
[127]

9
Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy
2009
Santosh Manjrekar
Everest Entertainment
₹25.5 crore (US$3.9 million)
[128]

10
Ventilator
2016
Rajesh Mapuskar
Purple Pebble Pictures
₹25 crore (US$3.8 million)
[129]

text: Punjabi

text: Punjabi cinema, producing films in the Punjabi language, is primarily based in the state of Punjab.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Chaar Sahibzaade
2014
Harry Baweja
Baweja Movies
₹70 crore (US$11 million)
[130]

2
Sardaar Ji
2015
Rohit Jugraj Chauhan
White Hill Production
₹50 crore (US$7.7 million)
[131]

3
Sajjan Singh Rangroot
2018
Pankaj Batra
Vivid Art House
₹46 crore (US$7.0 million)
[132]

4
Ambarsariya
2016
Mandeep Kumar
Tips Industries Limited
₹21.22 crore (US$3.3 million)
[133][134]

5
Punjab 1984
2014
Anurag Singh
White Hill Production
₹21 crore (US$3.2 million)
[135]

6
Jatt & Juliet 2
2013
Anurag Singh
White Hill Production
₹20 crore (US$3.1 million)
[136]

7
Sardaar Ji 2
2016
Rohit Jugraj Chauhan
White Hill Production
₹19 crore (US$2.9 million)
[137]

8
Angrej
2015
Simerjit Singh
Dara Productions
₹12.45 crore (US$1.9 million)
[138]

9
Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur
2016
Harry Baweja
Baweja Movies
₹12 crore (US$1.8 million)
[139][140][141]

text: Tamil (Kollywood)

text: Tamil cinema, the Tamil language film industry is based in the Kodambakkam neighbourhood of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is sometimes colloquially known as "Kollywood", a portmanteau of Kodambakkam and Hollywood. Worldwide gross figures (including dubbed versions) are given below.

text:
Rank
Year
Director
Studio
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion *
2017
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
₹1,792.08 crore (US$270 million) #+
[n 4]

2
Baahubali: The Beginning
2015
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
₹650 crore (US$100 million) #+
[39]

3
Enthiran
2010
S. Shankar
Sun Pictures
₹290 crore (US$44 million)
[142]

4
Kabali
2016
Pa. Ranjith
V Creations
Est.₹286 crore (US$44 million)-₹499 crore (US$77 million)
[n 15]

5
Mersal
2017
Atlee
Thenandal Studio Limited
₹251 crore (US$38 million)
[151]

6
I
2015
S. Shankar
Aascar Films Pvt.Ltd
₹240 crore (US$37 million)
[152]

7
Lingaa
2014
KS RaviKumar
Rockline Productions
₹156 crore (US$24 million)
[153]

8
Sivaji: The Boss
2007
S Shankar
Aascar Films Pvt.Ltd
₹154 crore (US$24 million)
[154][155]

9
Theri
2016
Atlee
V Creations
₹149 crore (US$23 million)
[156]

10
Kaththi
2014
AR Murugadoss
Ayngaran International
Lyca Productions
₹128 crore (US$20 million)
[156]

text: Telugu (Tollywood)

text: Telugu cinema, also known by its nickname "Tollywood" is a part of Indian cinema producing films in the Telugu language, in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and is centered in the Hyderabad neighbourhood of Film Nagar.[157]

text:
Rank
Title
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Ref(s)

1
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion *
2017
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
₹1,792.08 crore (US$270 million) #+
[n 4]

2
Baahubali: The Beginning
2015
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
₹650 crore (US$100 million) #+
[39]

3
Rangasthalam *
2018
Sukumar
Mythri Movie Makers
₹210 crore (US$32 million)
[158]

4
Bharat Ane Nenu *
2018
Koratala Siva
DVV Entertainments
₹205 crore (US$31 million)
[159]

5
Srimanthudu
2015
Koratala Siva
Mythri Movie Makers
₹200 crore (US$31 million)
[160][161][162]

6
Attarintiki Daredi
2013
Trivikram Srinivas
Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra
₹187 crore (US$29 million)
[163]

7
Khaidi No. 150
2017
V. V. Vinayak
Konidela Production Company
₹164 crore (US$25 million)
[164][165]

8
Magadheera
2009
S. S. Rajamouli
Geetha Arts
₹150 crore (US$23 million)
[166]

9
Gabbar Singh (film)
2012
Harish Shankar
Parameswara Art Productions
₹150 crore (US$23 million)
[167]

10
Spyder
2016
AR Murugadoss
Reliance Entertainment
Lyca Productions

₹150 crore (US$23 million)

[168]

text: Highest-grossing films by year

text:
Year
Title
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1940
Zindagi
P. C. Barua
New Theatres
0181 ! ₹55 lakh (equivalent to ₹181 crore or US$28 million in 2016)
[n 17]

1941
Khazanchi
Moti B. Gidwani
Pancholi Art Pictures
0235 ! ₹70 lakh (equivalent to ₹235 crore or US$35 million in 2016)
[n 19]

1942
Basant
Amiya Chakrabarty
Bombay Talkies
0235 ! ₹80 lakh (equivalent to ₹235 crore or US$36 million in 2016)
[n 20]

1943
Kismet
Gyan Mukherjee
Bombay Talkies
0309 ! ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹309 crore or US$47 million in 2016)
[n 22]

1944
Rattan
M. Sadiq
Gemini Pictures
0275 ! ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹275 crore or US$42 million in 2016)
[n 24]

1945
Zeenat
Shaukat Hussain Rizvi
Eastern Pictures
0188 ! ₹70 lakh (equivalent to ₹188 crore or US$29 million in 2016)
[n 25]

1946
Anmol Ghadi
Mehboob Khan
Mehboob Productions
0249 ! ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹249 crore or US$38 million in 2016)
[n 27]

1947
Jugnu
Shaukat Hussain Rizvi
Shaukat Art Productions
0363 ! ₹50 lakh (equivalent to ₹363 crore or US$55 million in 2016)
[n 29]

1948
Chandralekha
S. S. Vasan
Gemini Studios
0215 ! ₹1.55 crore (equivalent to ₹215 crore or US$33 million in 2016)
[n 31]

1949
Barsaat
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
0269 ! ₹2 crore (equivalent to ₹269 crore or US$41 million in 2016)
[n 32]

1950
Samadhi
Ramesh Saigal
N/A
0188 ! ₹1.35 crore (equivalent to ₹188 crore or US$28 million in 2016)
[n 33]

1951
Awaara
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
0739 ! ₹5.75 crore (equivalent to ₹739 crore or US$110 million in 2016)
[n 36]

1952
Aan
Mehboob Khan
Mehboob Productions
0373 ! ₹3.57 crore (equivalent to ₹373 crore or US$55 million in 2016)
[n 37]

1953
Anarkali
Nandlal Jaswantlal
Filmistan
0296 ! ₹2.35 crore (equivalent to ₹296 crore or US$45 million in 2016)
[n 38]

1954
Nagin
Nandlal Jaswantlal
Filmistan
0363 ! ₹2.9 crore (equivalent to ₹363 crore or US$55 million in 2016)
[n 39]

1955
Shree 420
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
0618 ! ₹4.94 crore (equivalent to ₹618 crore or US$92 million in 2016)
[n 41]

1956
Jagte Raho
Sombhu Mitra
Amit Maitra
R. K. Films
0477 ! ₹4.44 crore (equivalent to ₹477 crore or US$72 million in 2016)
[n 44]

1957
Mother India
Mehboob Khan
Mehboob Productions
0961 ! ₹8 crore (equivalent to ₹961 crore or US$146 million in 2016)
[n 45]

1958
Madhumati
Bimal Roy
Bimal Roy Productions
0478 ! ₹4 crore (equivalent to ₹478 crore or US$71 million in 2016)
[n 46]

1959
Char Dil Char Rahen
Khwaja Ahmad Abbas
Naya Sansar
0591 ! ₹5.27 crore (equivalent to ₹591 crore or US$88 million in 2016)
[n 48]

1960
Mughal-e-Azam
K. Asif
Sterling Investment Corporation
2000 ! ₹11 crore (equivalent to ₹2,000 crore (US$310 million) in 2017)
[n 49]

1961
Gunga Jumna
Nitin Bose
Citizen Films
1250 ! ₹11.27 crore (equivalent to ₹1,250 crore or US$186 million in 2016)
[n 52]

1962
Bees Saal Baad
Biren Nag
Geetanjali Pictures
0182 ! ₹3 crore (equivalent to ₹182 crore or US$28 million in 2017)
[209]

1963
Mere Mehboob
H. S. Rawail
Rahul Theatre
0665 ! ₹6 crore (equivalent to ₹665 crore or US$99 million in 2016)
[n 53]

1964
Sangam
Raj Kapoor
Mehboob Studio
0410 ! ₹8 crore (equivalent to ₹417 crore or US$64 million in 2017)
[211]

1965
Waqt
Yash Chopra
Yash Raj Films
0285 ! ₹6 crore (equivalent to ₹285 crore or US$44 million in 2017)
[212]

1966
Phool Aur Patthar
O. P. Ralhan
Ralhan Productions
0847 ! ₹17.17 crore (equivalent to ₹847 crore or US$128 million in 2016)
[n 56]

1967
Hamraaz
B. R. Chopra
United Producers
0759 ! ₹13.33 crore (equivalent to ₹759 crore or US$113 million in 2016)
[n 59]

1968
Ankhen
Ramanand Sagar
Sagar Art International
0239 ! ₹6.5 crore (equivalent to ₹239 crore or US$37 million in 2017)
[215]

1969
Aradhana
Shakti Samanta
United Producers
0805 ! ₹17.85 crore (equivalent to ₹805 crore or US$121 million in 2016)
[n 63]

1970
Johny Mera Naam
Vijay Anand
Mehboob Studios
0276 ! ₹8 crore (equivalent to ₹281 crore or US$43 million in 2017)
[217]

1971
Haathi Mere Saathi
M. A. Thirumugam
Devar Films
0737 ! ₹16.35 crore (equivalent to ₹737 crore or US$113 million in 2017)
[n 68]

1972
Seeta Aur Geeta
Ramesh Sippy
Sippy Films
0692 ! ₹19.53 crore (equivalent to ₹692 crore or US$103 million in 2016)
[n 72]

1973
Bobby
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
1155 ! ₹30.24 crore (equivalent to ₹1,155 crore or US$172 million in 2016)
[n 77]

1974
Roti Kapda Aur Makaan
Manoj Kumar
Filmistan
0224 ! ₹10.5 crore (equivalent to ₹224 crore or US$34 million in 2017)
[223]

1975
Sholay
Ramesh Sippy
United Producers
1500 ! ₹35 crore (equivalent to ₹1,700 crore or US$270 million in 2017)
[n 79]

1976
Barood
Pramod Chakravorty
Jugnu Enterprises
0591 ! ₹19.32 crore (equivalent to ₹591 crore or US$88 million in 2016)
[n 84]

1977
Amar Akbar Anthony
Manmohan Desai
Hirawat Jain & Co.
0485 ! ₹15.5 crore (equivalent to ₹485 crore or US$71 million in 2016)
[n 85]

1978
Muqaddar Ka Sikandar
Prakash Mehra
Prakash Mehra Productions
0631 ! ₹26.89 crore (equivalent to ₹631 crore or US$94 million in 2016)
[n 89]

1979
Suhaag
Manmohan Desai
Sharma Cine Associates
0275 ! ₹10 crore (equivalent to ₹275 crore or US$42 million in 2016)
[n 91]

1980
Qurbani
Feroz Khan
F.K. International
0296 ! ₹12 crore (equivalent to ₹296 crore or US$45 million in 2016)
[n 93]

1981
Kranti
Manoj Kumar
V.I.P. Films
0410 ! ₹20 crore (equivalent to ₹410 crore or US$62 million in 2016)
[n 96]

1982
Disco Dancer
Babbar Subhash
B. Subhash Movie Unit
1261 ! ₹100.7 crore (equivalent to ₹1,261 crore or US$189 million in 2016)
[n 98]

1983
Coolie
Manmohan Desai
Aasia Films
0309 ! ₹18 crore (equivalent to ₹282 crore (US$43 million) in 2016)
[236][n 94]

1984
Jagir
Pramod Chakravorty
Pramod Films
0181 ! ₹15.79 crore (equivalent to ₹181 crore or US$28 million in 2016)
[n 102]

1985
Ram Teri Ganga Maili
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
0326 ! ₹19 crore (equivalent to ₹326 crore (US$50 million) in 2016)
[238][n 94]

1986
Karma
Subhash Ghai
Mukta Arts
0241 ! ₹14 crore (equivalent to ₹241 crore (US$37 million) in 2016)
[239][n 94]

1987
Hukumat
Anil Sharma
N/A
0189 ! ₹11 crore (equivalent to ₹189 crore (US$29 million) in 2016)
[240][n 94]

1988
Tezaab
N. Chandra
N/A
0275 ! ₹16 crore (equivalent to ₹275 crore (US$42 million) in 2016)
[241][n 94]

1989
Maine Pyar Kiya
Sooraj Barjatya
Rajshri Productions
0481 ! ₹28 crore (equivalent to ₹481 crore (US$74 million) in 2016)
[242][n 94]

1990
Dil
Indra Kumar
Maruti International
0309 ! ₹18 crore (equivalent to ₹309 crore (US$47 million) in 2016)
[243][n 94]

1991
Saajan
Lawrence D'Souza
Eros Entertainment
0309 ! ₹18 crore (equivalent to ₹309 crore (US$47 million) in 2016)
[244][n 94]

1992
Beta
Indra Kumar
Maruti International
0404 ! ₹23.5 crore (equivalent to ₹404 crore (US$62 million) in 2016)
[245][n 94]

1993
Aankhen
David Dhawan
Chiragdeep International
0434 ! ₹25.25 crore (equivalent to ₹434 crore (US$66 million) in 2016)
[246][n 94]

1994
Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!
Sooraj Barjatya
Rajshri Productions
1316 ! ₹135 crore (equivalent to ₹1,316 crore (US$200 million) in 2016)
[n 103]

1995
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge
Aditya Chopra
Yash Raj Films
1087 ! ₹126.5 crore (equivalent to ₹1,087 crore (US$170 million) in 2016)
[n 104]

1996
Raja Hindustani
Dharmesh Darshan
Cineyug
0711 ! ₹87.5 crore (equivalent to ₹711 crore (US$110 million) in 2016)
[n 105]

1997
Dil To Pagal Hai
Yash Chopra
Yash Raj Films
0562 ! ₹71.87 crore (equivalent to ₹562 crore (US$86 million) in 2016)
[n 106]

1998
Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
Karan Johar
Dharma Productions
0753 ! ₹106.74 crore (equivalent to ₹753 crore (US$120 million) in 2016)
[n 107]

1999
Hum Saath Saath Hain
Sooraj Barjatya
Rajshri Productions
0551 ! ₹81.71 crore (equivalent to ₹551 crore (US$84 million) in 2016)
[n 108]

2000
Mohabbatein
Aditya Chopra
Yash Raj Films
0532 ! ₹90.01 crore (equivalent to ₹532 crore (US$81 million) in 2016)
[n 109]

2001
Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham
Karan Johar
Dharma Productions
0703 ! ₹135.53 crore (equivalent to ₹703 crore (US$110 million) in 2016)
[n 110]

2002
Devdas
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Red Chillies Entertainment
0456 ! ₹99.87 crore (equivalent to ₹456 crore (US$70 million) in 2016)
[n 111]

2003
Kal Ho Naa Ho
Nikhil Advani
Dharma Productions
0284 ! ₹86.09 crore (equivalent to ₹284 crore (US$43 million) in 2016)
[n 112]

2004
Veer-Zaara
Yash Chopra
Yash Raj Films
0288 ! ₹97.64 crore (equivalent to ₹288 crore (US$44 million) in 2016)
[n 113]

2005
No Entry
Anees Bazmee
SK Film Entertainment
0203 ! ₹97.64 crore (equivalent to ₹203 crore (US$31 million) in 2016)
[n 114]

2006
Dhoom 2
Sanjay Gadhvi
Yash Raj Films
0340 ! ₹151.39 crore (equivalent to ₹346 crore or US$53 million in 2017)
[267]

2007
Om Shanti Om
Farah Khan
Red Chillies Entertainment
0319 ! ₹149.87 crore (equivalent to ₹319 crore (US$49 million) in 2016)
[n 115]

2008
Ghajini
A. R. Murugadoss
Geetha Arts
0460 ! ₹232 crore (equivalent to ₹460 crore or US$71 million in 2017)
[n 116]

2009
3 Idiots
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
0810 ! ₹459.96 crore (equivalent to ₹824 crore or US$130 million in 2017)
[n 10]

2010
Enthiran
S. Shankar
Sun Pictures
0462 ! ₹289 crore (equivalent to ₹462 crore or US$71 million in 2017)
[273]

2011
Bodyguard
Siddique
Reel Life Productions
0338 ! ₹234.39 crore (equivalent to ₹344 crore or US$53 million in 2017)
[274]

2012
Ek Tha Tiger
Kabir Khan
Yash Raj Films
0422 ! ₹320 crore (equivalent to ₹429 crore or US$66 million in 2017)
[275]

2013
Dhoom 3
Vijay Krishna Acharya
Yash Raj Films
0713 ! ₹589.2 crore (equivalent to ₹713 crore or US$110 million in 2017)
[n 9][276]

2014
PK
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
0971 ! ₹854 crore (equivalent to ₹971 crore or US$150 million in 2017)
[n 7][277]

2015
Bajrangi Bhaijaan
Kabir Khan
Salman Khan Films
Kabir Khan Films
1000 ! ₹970.05 crore (equivalent to ₹10 billion or US$160 million in 2017)
[n 6]

2016
Dangal *
Nitesh Tiwari
Aamir Khan Productions
UTV Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios India
2200 ! ₹2,209.3 crore (equivalent to ₹23 billion or US$350 million in 2017)
[n 2]

2017
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion *
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
1792.08 ! ₹1,792.08 crore (US$270 million)
[n 4]

2018
Padmaavat
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Bhansali Productions
Viacom 18 Motion Pictures
0585 ! ₹585 crore (US$90 million)
[46]

text: The Khiladi franchise was the first film franchise to gross over ₹100 crore, followed by the Krrish film series. Baahubali is the only franchise to collect over ₹1,000 crore at the box office, and the only franchise where both its films have grossed more than ₹500 crore worldwide.

text:
Highest-grossing franchises and film series[§]
(The films in each franchise can be viewed by selecting "show".)

Rank
Franchise / Series
Total worldwide box office
(crore INR)
No. of films
Average of films
(crore INR)
Highest-grossing film
(crore INR)

1
[show]Baahubali
₹2,442.08
2
₹1,221
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (₹1,792.08)

1
The Conclusion (2017)[n 4]
₹1,792.08

2
The Beginning (2015)
₹650

2
[show]Tiger
₹889
2
₹445
Tiger Zinda Hai (₹569)

1
Tiger Zinda Hai (2017)[47][8]
₹569

2
Ek Tha Tiger (2012)
₹320

3
[show]Dhoom
₹813.09
3
₹271
Dhoom 3 (₹585)

1
Dhoom 3 (2013)[n 9]
₹589.2

2
Dhoom 2 (2006)
₹151.39

3
Dhoom (2004)
₹72.5

4
[show]Singam
₹655
5
₹131
Singham Returns (₹215)

[show]Singham (Hindi)
₹355
2
₹178
Singham Returns (₹215)

1
Singham Returns (2014)[278]
₹215

2
Singham (2011)
₹140

[show]Singam (Tamil)
₹300
3
₹100
Singam II (₹125)

1
Singam II (2013)[279]
₹125

2
Si3 (2017)
₹110

3
Singam (2010)
₹65

5
[show]Golmaal
₹648.95
4
₹162
Golmaal Again (₹311.05)

1
Golmaal Again (2017)[62]
₹311.05

2
Golmaal 3 (2010)
₹160

3
Golmaal Returns (2008)
₹108

4
Fun Unlimited (2006)
₹69.9

6
[show]Krrish
₹511.52
3
₹171
Krrish 3 (₹291.52)

1
Krrish 3 (2013)[280]
₹291.52

2
Krrish (2006)
₹117

3
Koi... Mil Gaya (2003)
₹103

8
[show]Don
₹511.2
6
₹85
Don 2 (₹215)

[show]Don (Hindi)
₹335.2
3
₹112
Don 2 (₹215)

1
Don 2 (2011)[281]
₹215

2
Don: The Chase Begins Again (2006)[n 117]
₹113.2

3
Don (1978)[229]
₹7

[show]Billa (Tamil/Telugu)
₹176
3
₹59
Billa II (₹100)

1
Billa II (2012)[285]
₹100

2
Billa (2007)[286]
₹50

3
Billa (2009)[287]
₹26

7
[show]Housefull
₹500
3
₹167
Housefull 3 (₹195)

1
Housefull 3 (2016)[288]
₹195

2
Housefull 2 (2012)
₹186

3
Housefull (2010)
₹119

9
[show]Dabangg
₹470
2
₹235
Dabangg 2 (₹250)

1
Dabangg 2 (2012)[289]
₹250

2
Dabangg (2010)[272]
₹220

10
[show]Baaghi
₹380.12
2
₹190
Baaghi 2 (₹253.16)

1
Baaghi 2 (2018)[290]
₹253.16

2
Baaghi (2011)
₹126.96

11
[show]Dulhania
₹310.34
2
₹155
Badrinath Ki Dulhania (₹200.34)

1
Badrinath Ki Dulhania (2017)[291]
₹200.34

2
Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania (2014)
₹110

12
[show]Tanu Weds Manu
₹299
2
₹150
Tanu Weds Manu: Returns (₹243)

1
Returns (2015)[292]
₹243

2
Tanu Weds Manu (2011)
₹56

13
[show]Race
₹268
2
₹134
Race 2 (₹162)

1
Race 2 (2013)[293]
₹162

2
Race (2008)
₹106

14
[show]Welcome
₹256
2
₹128
Welcome Back (₹136)

1
Welcome Back (2015)[294]
₹136

2
Welcome (2007)
₹120

15
[show]Judwaa
₹251.79
2
₹126
Judwaa 2 (₹227.51)

1
Judwaa 2 (2017)[295]
₹227.51

2
Judwaa (1997)[296]
₹24.28

16
[show]Gabbar Singh
₹250
2
₹125
Gabbar Singh (₹150)

1
Gabbar Singh (2012)[297]
₹150

2
Sardaar Gabbar Singh (2016)
₹100

17
[show]Jolly LLB
₹234.3
2
₹117
Jolly LLB 2 (₹197.3)

1
Jolly LLB 2 (2017)[298]
₹197.3

2
Jolly LLB (2013)
₹37

18
[show]Raaz
₹210.6
4
₹53
Raaz 3 (₹97)

1
Raaz 3 (2012)[299]
₹97

2
Reboot (2016)
₹42.1

3
Raaz (2002)
₹37

4
The Mystery Continues (2009)
₹34.5

19
[show]ABCD
₹206
2
₹103
ABCD 2 (₹130)

1
ABCD 2 (2015)[300]
₹130

2
Any Body Can Dance (2013)
₹76

20
[show]Muni
₹203.7
3
₹68
Kanchana 2 (₹120)

1
Kanchana 2 (2015)[301]
₹120

2
Muni 2: Kanchana (2011)
₹68.7

3
Muni (2007)
₹15

21
[show]Baby
₹199.1
2
₹100
Baby (₹143)

1
Baby (2015)[302]
₹143

2
Naam Shabana (2017)
₹56.1

22
[show]Khiladi
₹199
8
₹25
Khiladi 786 (₹97.05)

1
Khiladi 786 (2012)[303]
₹97.05

2
Khiladiyon Ka Khiladi (1996)[304]
₹25.16

3
Mr. and Mrs. Khiladi (1997)[305]
₹16.75

4
International Khiladi (1999)[306]
₹16.19

5
Sabse Bada Khiladi (1995)[307]
₹16.06

6
Main Khiladi Tu Anari (1994)[308]
₹13.84

7
Khiladi 420 (2000)[309]
₹10.2

8
Khiladi (1992)[310]
₹3.75

23
[show]Masti
₹187.8
3
₹63
Grand Masti (₹142)

1
Grand Masti (2013)[311]
₹142

2
Masti (2004)
₹26.8

3
Great Grand Masti (2016)
₹19

24
[show]Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai
₹186.2
2
₹93
Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai (₹94.5)

1
Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai (2010)[312]
₹94.5

2
Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara! (2013)
₹91.7

25
[show]Dhamaal
₹159.3
2
₹80
Dhamaal (₹88.8)

1
Dhamaal (2007)[313]
₹88.8

2
Double Dhamaal (2011)
₹70.5


document_title: Miles (mascot)

question_text: what is the name of the broncos mascot

question_tokens: what is the name of the broncos mascot

text: Miles (mascot)

text: Miles is one of two official mascots of the Denver Broncos,[1] an American football team in the National Football League (NFL). He was developed in the early 1990s and made his first public appearance at the 1995 Pro Bowl[2] as a Team NFL Hero. Team NFL Heroes were a line of mascot-like characters created by NFL Properties for every team in the league; most of the characters only lasted a season or two but a handful ended up being adopted as official mascots by their respective teams, either immediately after the Team NFL Heroes project was canceled or years later with Miles being an example of the latter. Before the Broncos unveiled him as their official team mascot some changes to his appearance were made, such as changing his fur from orange to white and switching his jersey number from 0 to 00.

text: According to Miles' official backstory he was born on January 31, 1999, the same day that the Broncos became Super Bowl champions for the second time at Hard Rock Stadium, then known as Pro Player Stadium, near Miami, Florida. However, he did not appear in person as a mascot until two years later.[3] Now Miles resides at Sports Authority Field at Mile High in Denver, Colorado. He appears at Broncos' home games and community promotions such as the Broncos' reading program.


document_title: Boston Red Sox spring training home

question_text: where do the boston red sox play spring training

text: Boston Red Sox spring training home

text: Since 1993, the city of Fort Myers in Lee County, Florida, United States has been the Spring training home of the Boston Red Sox when the club moved from Winter Haven. Boston trains at the JetBlue Park at Fenway South since the ballpark opened in 2012, and the minor-league facility, featuring five full fields, is also within the Fenway South complex.

text: The Minnesota Twins play their spring training at Hammond Stadium, which is also located in Fort Myers. Each spring the two teams will play five of their preseason games against each other in a series known as the Mayor's Cup.

text: New spring facility opened in 2012[edit]

text: The Red Sox's spring training lease with Fort Myers runs through 2019, however, the Red Sox began toying with exercising an early out in their contract that allowed them to leave following the 2009 spring season. Chief operating officer Mike Dee met with Sarasota officials on April 25, 2008 to discuss the possibility of the Red Sox moving to Sarasota's Ed Smith Stadium once its current spring inhabitants, the Baltimore Orioles, move to their new spring home in Sarasota.[1]

text: On October 28, 2008, the Lee County commission voted 13-11 to approve an agreement with the Boston Red Sox to build a new spring-training facility for the team in south Lee County. Dee was present in the chambers for the vote, and took the agreement back to Boston to meet with team owner John W. Henry and other team officials.[2] On November 15, 2008, the Red Sox signed an agreement with Lee County that will keep their spring training home in the Fort Myers area for 20 more years.[3]

text: Wednesday, April 10, 2008, the Lee County commissioners selected the Watermen-Pinnacle site on Daniels Parkway (a little more than a mile east of Interstate 75) as the site for the new facility.

text: On March 29, 2011, it was announced that the new field would be named JetBlue Park[4] at Fenway South. The park was named JetBlue Park after JetBlue Airlines,[5] which has maintained major operations at Boston's Logan International Airport since 2004.

text: The new stadium opened in March, 2012. Many characteristics of the stadium were taken from Fenway Park, including a 37-foot (11 m) Green Monster wall in left field, featuring seating on top of and behind the wall. Included in the wall is a restored version of the manual scoreboard that was housed at Fenway for almost 30 years, beginning in the 1970s.[6] The field dimensions at JetBlue Park are identical to those at Fenway.[6]

text: Previous Boston Red Sox Spring Training Locations[edit]

text:
Charlottesville, Virginia (1901)
Augusta, Georgia (1902)
Macon, Georgia (1903-06)
Little Rock, Arkansas (1907-08)
Hot Springs, Arkansas: Majestic Park, Whittington Park, (1909-10, 1912-18, 1920-23)
Redondo Beach, California (1911)
Tampa, Florida (1919)
San Antonio, Texas (1924)
New Orleans, Louisiana (1925-27)
Bradenton, Florida (1928-29)
Pensacola, Florida (1930-31)
Savannah, Georgia (1932)
Sarasota, Florida (1933-42, 1946-58)
Medford, Massachusetts (1943-44)
Atlantic City, New Jersey (1945)
Scottsdale, Arizona (1959-65)
Winter Haven, Florida (1966-92)
Fort Myers, Florida (1993-present)

tag: ul


document_title: Legend of the Lost

question_text: where was the legend of the lost filmed

question_tokens: where was the legend of the lost filmed

text: Legend of the Lost

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Timbuktu, experienced guide Joe January (John Wayne) reluctantly joins a Saharan treasure hunting expedition led by Paul Bonnard (Rossano Brazzi), a man obsessed with confirming his dead father's claim to have found a lost city. Dita (Sophia Loren), a woman of dubious reputation, becomes infatuated with Paul and his willingness to overlook her past. She invites herself along, despite Joe's protests. During the tough dry ordeal, Joe and Dita become attracted to each other, raising tensions.

text: Just as they run out of water, they stumble upon the ancient city and a well. There, they find three human skeletons, a woman and two men. It becomes evident that Paul's father found his woman in the arms of his guide, killed them and then himself. There is also no treasure to be found. Paul's faith in his father is shattered and he becomes drunk.

text: They find the treasure after Joe deciphers the clues left by Paul's father. They load it and prepare to leave in the morning. Paul makes an attempt to seduce Dita; she rejects him and he gets into a fight with Joe.  Later, Paul sneaks away during the night taking all the animals, supplies, and  treasure with him and leaving the other two to die.

text: Joe and Dita chase after him on foot and eventually catch up. Paul is unconscious from dehydration. While Joe and Dita dig for desperately needed water, Paul regains consciousness and thinks they are digging his grave.  He buries the treasure and attacks Joe from behind with a knife. Dita is forced to shoot and kill Paul. When they spot a caravan, Joe and Dita are saved.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
John Wayne as Joe January
Sophia Loren as Dita
Rossano Brazzi as Paul Bonnard
Kurt Kasznar as Prefect Dukas
Youseff Daoud as Dr. Gamael
Sonia Moser as Girl
Angela Portaluri as Girl
Ibrahim El Hadish as Galli Galli

text: Production[edit]

text: Legend of the Lost was directed by Henry Hathaway. Wayne and Hathaway worked together six times, beginning with The Shepherd of the Hills (1941) and ending with Wayne's Oscar-winning role in True Grit (1969). Co-author Robert Presnell, nearing the end of his career at this time, was one of Hollywood's most successful screenwriters. None of this talent managed to keep Legend of the Lost from being harshly reviewed by critics.

text: Wayne liked the location work in Rome and Libya. The plot is vaguely similar to another of Wayne’s movies crossing the Mojave Desert. The Roman remains of Leptis Magna in Libya were used extensively as a location for the ancient city. In the script Wayne's character refers to 'Timgad' in sardonic reference to the apparent delusions of Paul's father, despite the fact this places a considerable strain on the geography of the plot. The lost city of Timgad referred to in the film was actually the Leptis Magna ruins, a Roman city dating back to the 7th century B.C. near Tripoli, in northwest Libya, while "Timbuktu" was actually in Zliten, Libya. Headquarters for the film were located in Ghadames, where, according to the publicity material, citizens of the villages were employed on set, as well as some native Tuaregs, an ancient desert tribe.[2]

text: This film was Wayne's only collaboration on film with international cinema stars Sophia Loren and Rossano Brazzi.

text: The film was photographed by noted British cinematographer Jack Cardiff in Technicolor and Technirama (the wide screen process developed by the Technicolor Corporation).