document_title: Virtualization

question_text: which tool requires an underlying operating system in order to create and manage virtual machines

root

text: Virtualization

text: Hardware virtualization[edit]

text: Hardware virtualization or platform virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system. Software executed on these virtual machines is separated from the underlying hardware resources. For example, a computer that is running Microsoft Windows may host a virtual machine that looks like a computer with the Ubuntu Linux operating system; Ubuntu-based software can be run on the virtual machine.[2][3]

tag: p

text: In hardware virtualization, the host machine is the actual machine on which the virtualization takes place, and the guest machine is the virtual machine. The words host and guest are used to distinguish the software that runs on the physical machine from the software that runs on the virtual machine. The software or firmware that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware is called a hypervisor or Virtual Machine Manager.

text: Different types of hardware virtualization include:

text:
Full virtualization –  almost complete simulation of the actual hardware to allow software, which typically consists of a guest operating system, to run unmodified.
Paravirtualization –  a hardware environment is not simulated; however, the guest programs are executed in their own isolated domains, as if they are running on a separate system. Guest programs need to be specifically modified to run in this environment.

tag: ul

text: Hardware-assisted virtualization is a way of improving overall efficiency of virtualization. It involves CPUs that provide support for virtualization in hardware, and other hardware components that help improve the performance of a guest environment.

text: Hardware virtualization can be viewed as part of an overall trend in enterprise IT that includes autonomic computing, a scenario in which the IT environment will be able to manage itself based on perceived activity, and utility computing, in which computer processing power is seen as a utility that clients can pay for only as needed. The usual goal of virtualization is to centralize administrative tasks while improving scalability and overall hardware-resource utilization. With virtualization, several operating systems can be run in parallel on a single central processing unit (CPU). This parallelism tends to reduce overhead costs and differs from multitasking, which involves running several programs on the same OS. Using virtualization, an enterprise can better manage updates and rapid changes to the operating system and applications without disrupting the user. "Ultimately, virtualization dramatically improves the efficiency and availability of resources and applications in an organization. Instead of relying on the old model of “one server, one application” that leads to underutilized resources, virtual resources are dynamically applied to meet business needs without any excess fat" (ConsonusTech).

text: Hardware virtualization is not the same as hardware emulation. In hardware emulation, a piece of hardware imitates another, while in hardware virtualization, a hypervisor (a piece of software) imitates a particular piece of computer hardware or the entire computer. Furthermore, a hypervisor is not the same as an emulator; both are computer programs that imitate hardware, but their domain of use in language differs.

text: Snapshots[edit]

text: A snapshot is a state of a virtual machine, and generally its storage devices, at an exact point in time. A snapshot enables the virtual machine's state at the time of the snapshot to be restored later, effectively undoing any changes that occurred afterwards. This capability is useful as a backup technique, for example, prior to performing a risky operation.

text: Virtual machines frequently use virtual disks for their storage; in a very simple example, a 10-gigabyte hard disk drive is simulated with a 10-gigabyte flat file. Any requests by the VM for a location on its physical disk are transparently translated into an operation on the corresponding file. Once such a translation layer is present, however, it is possible to intercept the operations and send them to different files, depending on various criteria. Every time a snapshot is taken, a new file is created, and used as an overlay for its predecessors. New data is written to the topmost overlay; reading existing data, however, needs the overlay hierarchy to be scanned, resulting in accessing the most recent version. Thus, the entire stack of snapshots is virtually a single coherent disk; in that sense, creating snapshots works similarly to the incremental backup technique.

text: Other components of a virtual machine can also be included in a snapshot, such as the contents of its random-access memory (RAM), BIOS settings, or its configuration settings. "Save state" feature in video game console emulators is an example of such snapshots.

text: Restoring a snapshot consists of discarding or disregarding all overlay layers that are added after that snapshot, and directing all new changes to a new overlay.

text: Migration[edit]

text: The snapshots described above can be moved to another host machine with its own hypervisor; when the VM is temporarily stopped, snapshotted, moved, and then resumed on the new host, this is known as migration. If the older snapshots are kept in sync regularly, this operation can be quite fast, and allow the VM to provide uninterrupted service while its prior physical host is, for example, taken down for physical maintenance.

text: Failover[edit]

text: Similarly to the migration mechanism described above, failover allows the VM to continue operations if the host fails. However, in this case, the VM continues operation from the last-known coherent state, rather than the current state, based on whatever materials the backup server was last provided with.

text: Video game console emulation[edit]

text: A video game console emulator is a program that allows a personal computer or video game console to emulate a different video game console's behavior. Video game console emulators and hypervisors both perform hardware virtualization; words like "virtualization", "virtual machine", "host" and "guest" are not used in conjunction with console emulators.

text: Licensing[edit]

text: Virtual machines running proprietary operating systems require licensing, regardless of the host machine's operating system. For example, installing Microsoft Windows into a VM guest requires its licensing requirements to be satisfied.

text: Desktop virtualization[edit]

text: Desktop virtualization is the concept of separating the logical desktop from the physical machine.

text: One form of desktop virtualization, virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), can be thought of as a more advanced form of hardware virtualization. Rather than interacting with a host computer directly via a keyboard, mouse, and monitor, the user interacts with the host computer using another desktop computer or a mobile device by means of a network connection, such as a LAN, Wireless LAN or even the Internet. In addition, the host computer in this scenario becomes a server computer capable of hosting multiple virtual machines at the same time for multiple users.[4]

text: As organizations continue to virtualize and converge their data center environment, client architectures also continue to evolve in order to take advantage of the predictability, continuity, and quality of service delivered by their converged infrastructure. For example, companies like HP and IBM provide a hybrid VDI model with a range of virtualization software and delivery models to improve upon the limitations of distributed client computing.[5] Selected client environments move workloads from PCs and other devices to data center servers, creating well-managed virtual clients, with applications and client operating environments hosted on servers and storage in the data center. For users, this means they can access their desktop from any location, without being tied to a single client device. Since the resources are centralized, users moving between work locations can still access the same client environment with their applications and data.[5] For IT administrators, this means a more centralized, efficient client environment that is easier to maintain and able to more quickly respond to the changing needs of the user and business.[6][7]

text: Another form, session virtualization, allows multiple users to connect and log into a shared but powerful computer over the network and use it simultaneously. Each is given a desktop and a personal folder in which they store their files.[4] With multiseat configuration, session virtualization can be accomplished using a single PC with multiple monitors, keyboards, and mice connected.

text: Thin clients, which are seen in desktop virtualization, are simple and/or cheap computers that are primarily designed to connect to the network. They may lack significant hard disk storage space, RAM or even processing power, but many organizations are beginning to look at the cost benefits of eliminating “thick client” desktops that are packed with software (and require software licensing fees) and making more strategic investments.[8] Desktop virtualization simplifies software versioning and patch management, where the new image is simply updated on the server, and the desktop gets the updated version when it reboots. It also enables centralized control over what applications the user is allowed to have access to on the workstation.

text: Moving virtualized desktops into the cloud creates hosted virtual desktops (HVDs), in which the desktop images are centrally managed and maintained by a specialist hosting firm. Benefits include scalability and the reduction of capital expenditure, which is replaced by a monthly operational cost.[9]

text: Other types[edit]

text:
Operating-system-level virtualization: hosting multiple virtualized environments within a single OS instance
Application virtualization and workspace virtualization: isolating individual apps from the underlying OS and other apps; closely associated with the concept of portable applications
Service virtualization: emulating the behavior of specific components in heterogeneous component-based applications such as API-driven applications, cloud-based applications and service-oriented architectures

text:
Memory virtualization: aggregating random-access memory (RAM) resources from networked systems into a single memory pool
Virtual memory: giving an app the impression that it has contiguous working memory, isolating it from the underlying physical memory implementation

text:
Storage virtualization: the process of completely abstracting logical storage from physical storage
Distributed file system: any file system that allows access to files from multiple hosts sharing via a computer network
Virtual file system: an abstraction layer on top of a more concrete file system, allowing client applications to access different types of concrete file systems in a uniform way
Storage hypervisor: the software that manages storage virtualization and combines physical storage resources into one or more flexible pools of logical storage[10]
Virtual disk: a computer program that emulates a disk drive such as a hard disk drive or optical disk drive (see comparison of disc image software)

text:
Data virtualization: the presentation of data as an abstract layer, independent of underlying database systems, structures and storage
Database virtualization: the decoupling of the database layer, which lies between the storage and application layers within the application stack over all

text:
Network virtualization: creation of a virtualized network addressing space within or across network subnets
Virtual private network (VPN): a network protocol that replaces the actual wire or other physical media in a network with an abstract layer, allowing a network to be created over the Internet

text: Nested virtualization[edit]

text: Nested virtualization refers to the ability of running a virtual machine within another, having this general concept extendable to an arbitrary depth. In other words, nested virtualization refers to running one or more hypervisors inside another hypervisor. Nature of a nested guest virtual machine does not need not be homogeneous with its host virtual machine; for example, application virtualization can be deployed within a virtual machine created by using hardware virtualization.[11]

text: Nested virtualization becomes more necessary as widespread operating systems gain built-in hypervisor functionality, which in a virtualized environment can be used only if the surrounding hypervisor supports nested virtualization; for example, Windows 7 is capable of running Windows XP applications inside a built-in virtual machine. Furthermore, moving already existing virtualized environments into a cloud, following the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) approach, is much more complicated if the destination IaaS platform does not support nested virtualization.[12][13]

text: The way nested virtualization can be implemented on a particular computer architecture depends on supported hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities. If a particular architecture does not provide hardware support required for nested virtualization, various software techniques are employed to enable it.[12] Over time, more architectures gain required hardware support; for example, since the Haswell microarchitecture (announced in 2013), Intel started to include VMCS shadowing as a technology that accelerates nested virtualization.[14]


document_title: List of Super Bowl records

question_text: who has played in the most super bowls

question_tokens: who has played in the most super bowls

text: List of Super Bowl records

text: Individual player records[edit]

text:
A complete list of Super Bowl records can be found in the 2017 Official NFL Record & Fact Book[1] beginning at page 654.
Records can also be found at Pro Football Reference.com.[2]

text: Service[edit]

text: Most Super Bowl MVP awards, career, 4

text: Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XLIX, LI

text: Most Games, Winning Team, 5

text:
Charles Haley – defensive end/linebacker, San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, XXX
Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, LI

text: Most Games, Losing Team, 5

text:
Glenn Parker – offensive line, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, N.Y. Giants XXXV [3]
Cornelius Bennett – linebacker, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, Atlanta XXXIII
Gale Gilbert – quarterback, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, San Diego XXIX

text: Most consecutive Championships as a player, 3

text: Ken Norton Jr. – Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, San Francisco XXIX

text: Longest time span between Super Bowl championships as a player, 12 seasons

text: Ray Lewis – Baltimore Ravens XXXV, Baltimore Ravens XLVII

text: Most appearances as either a player or coach, 10

text: Bill Belichick – assistant coach New York XXI, XXV, New England XXXI, head coach New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI

text: Most games played, 7

text: Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI

text: Most games started, 7

text: Most consecutive appearances, 5

text: Gale Gilbert – quarterback, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, San Diego XXIX

text: Most starts at quarterback, 7

text: Most wins as starting quarterback, 5

text: Tom Brady – New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, LI

text: Wins as starting quarterback for two different teams

text: Peyton Manning – Indianapolis XLI, Denver 50 [4]

text: Most games as a kicker, 5

text: Adam Vinatieri – New England XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI

text: Most wins as a kicker, 4

text: Adam Vinatieri – New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI

text: Oldest player, 42 years, 11 days

text: Matt Stover, kicker – Indianapolis XLIV

text: Youngest player to start, 21 years, 322 days

text: Bryan Bulaga, offensive lineman – Green Bay XLV

text: Oldest Quarterback to start and to win, 39 years, 10 months, 15 days

text: Peyton Manning – Denver 50 [5]

text: Youngest Quarterback to start and to win, 23 years, 11 months, 3 days

text: Ben Roethlisberger – Pittsburgh XL

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Most points scored, career, 48

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX, and Oakland XXXVII

text: Most points scored, single game, 20

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI - 3 TD, 1 (2-point) conversion

text: Longest scoring play, 108 yard kickoff return

text: Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[6]

text: Most Touchdowns, plays of 50-or-more yards, game, 2

text:
Ricky Sanders – Washington vs. Denver, XXII[7]
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[6]

text: Touchdowns[edit]

text: 00 In this category R = rushing touchdown (TD); P = pass reception TD; KR = kickoff return TD

text: Most touchdowns, career, 8

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX, and Oakland XXXVII (8-P)

text: Most touchdowns, single game, 3 (accomplished six times by five players)

text:
Roger Craig – San Francisco vs. Miami, XIX (1-R, 2-P)
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV (3-P)
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX (3-P)
Ricky Watters – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX (1-R, 2-P)
Terrell Davis – Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII (3-R)
James White- New England vs. Atlanta, LI (2-R, 1-P)

text: Most touchdowns, plays of 50-or-more yards, game, 2[6]

text:
Ricky Sanders – Washington, XXII (2-P)
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens, XLVII (1-P, 1-KR)

text: Touchdowns scored for two different teams, 3 players

text:
Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, Oakland XXXVII
Ricky Proehl – St. Louis Rams XXXVI, Carolina XXXVIII
Muhsin Muhammad – Carolina XXXVIII, Chicago XLI

text: Longest play, 108 yards

text: Jacoby Jones – KR, Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[8]

text: Passing[edit]

text: Highest passer rating, career, (40 attempts), 127.83

text: Joe Montana – 4 games, San Francisco XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV

text: Highest passer rating, game, 150.92

text: Phil Simms – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

text: Lowest passer rating to win game, 22.6

text: Ben Roethlisberger – Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

text: Most attempts, career, 309

text: Tom Brady – 7 games, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI

text: Most attempts, game, 62

text: Tom Brady – New England vs Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest attempts by winning QB, game, 7

text: Bob Griese – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Most completions, career, 207

text: Most completions to start a game, 9

text: Eli Manning – New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI

text: Most consecutive completions, game, 16

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI

text: Most completions, game, 43

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most completions, both quarterbacks, 63[9]

text: Drew Brees – New Orleans (32) vs. Peyton Manning Indianapolis (31), XLIV

text: Fewest completions by winning QB, game, 6

text: Bob Griese – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Highest completion percentage, career, (40 attempts), 70%

text: Troy Aikman – Dallas, 3 games (80–56) XXVII, XXVIII, XXX

text: Highest completion percentage, game, (20 attempts), 88%

text: Phil Simms – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI (25–22)

text: Highest completion percentage, both teams, 75% (84–63)[9]

text: Drew Brees, New Orleans vs. Peyton Manning, Indianapolis XLIV

text: Most passing yards, career, 2,071

text: Most passing yards, game, 466

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most passing yards, quarter, 228 (second)

text: Doug Williams – Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Longest pass, 85 yards (TD)

text: Jake Delhomme (to Muhsin Muhammad) – Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII

text: Fewest passing yards by a Super Bowl MVP, 119

text: Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Miami, VI

text: Highest average gain, career (40 attempts), 11.10 yards

text: Terry Bradshaw – Pittsburgh, 4 games (84–932), IX, X, XIII, XIV

text: Highest average gain, game (20 attempts), 14.71 yards

text: Terry Bradshaw – Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV (21–309)

text: Most touchdown passes, career, 15

text: Most touchdown passes, half, 4

text:
Doug Williams, first half – Washington vs. Denver, XXII
Steve Young, first half – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Most touchdown passes, quarter, 4 (second)

text: Most touchdown passes, game, 6

text: Steve Young - San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Lowest percentage, passes had intercepted, career, (40 attempts), 0.00%

text:
Jim Plunkett, Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders, 2 games (46–0), XV, XVIII
Joe Montana, San Francisco, 4 games (122–0), XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV

text: Most attempts, without interception, game, 48

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. New York Giants, XLII

text: Most interceptions thrown, career, 8

text: John Elway – Denver 5 games XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXXII, XXXIII

text: Most interceptions thrown, game, 5

text: Rich Gannon – Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Rushing[edit]

text: Most attempts, career, 101

text: Franco Harris – Pittsburgh IX, X, XIII, and XIV

text: Most attempts, game, 38

text: John Riggins – Washington vs. Miami, XVII

text: Most rushing yards, career, 354

text: Most rushing yards, game, 204

text: Timmy Smith – Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Longest run from scrimmage, 75 yards (TD)

text: Willie Parker – Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

text: Most rushing touchdowns, career, 5

text: Emmitt Smith – Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, and XXX

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 3

text: Terrell Davis – Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII

text: Highest average gain, career (20 attempts), 9.6 yards

text: Marcus Allen – Los Angeles Raiders, 1 game (20–191) XVIII

text: Highest average gain, game (10 attempts), 10.5 yards

text: Tom Matte – Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III (11–116)

text: Longest Touchdown Run, Quarterback, 15 yards

text: Colin Kaepernick – San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII[6]

text: Most rushing yards, game, Quarterback, 64 yards

text: Steve McNair – Tennessee vs. St. Louis, XXXIV

text: Receiving[edit]

text: Most receptions, career, 33

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX; Oakland XXXVII

text: Most receptions, game, 14

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most receiving yards, career, 589

text: Most receiving yards, game, 215[1]

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XXIII

text: Most receiving yards, game, tight end, 104

text:
Dan Ross – Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XVI
Vernon Davis – San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII [6]

text: Most receiving yards, game, running back, 110

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI [10]

text: Longest reception, 85 yards (TD)

text: Muhsin Muhammad – (from Delhomme), Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII (TD)

text: Highest average gain, career (8 receptions), 24.4 yards

text: John Stallworth – Pittsburgh, 4 games (11–268)

text: Highest average gain, game (3 receptions), 40.33 yards

text: John Stallworth – Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV (3–121)

text: Most receiving touchdowns, career, 8

text: Most receiving touchdowns, game, 3

text:
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Combined yardage[edit]

text: This category includes rushing, receiving, interception returns, punt returns, kickoff returns, and fumble returns.[11]

text: Most Attempts, career, 108

text: Franco Harris – Pittsburgh 4 games IX, X, XIII, XIV

text: Most Attempts, game, 39

text: Most yards gained, career, 604

text: Jerry Rice – 4 games San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX; Oakland XXXVII

text: Most yards gained, game, 290

text: Fumbles[edit]

text: Most fumbles, career, 5

text: Roger Staubach – Dallas 4 games VI, X, XII, XIII

text: Most fumbles, game, 3

text:
Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
Jim Kelly – Buffalo vs. Washington, XXVI
Frank Reich – Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles recovered, career, 2

text:
Jake Scott, Miami, 3 games (1 own, 1 opponent)
Fran Tarkenton, Minnesota, 3 games (2 own)
Franco Harris, Pittsburgh, 4 games (2 own)
Roger Staubach, Dallas, 4 games (2 own)
Bobby Walden, Pittsburgh, 2 games (2 own)
John Fitzgerald, Dallas, 4 games (2 own)
Randy Hughes, Dallas, 3 games (2 opponent)
Butch Johnson, Dallas, 2 games (2 own)
Mike Singletary, Chicago, 1 game (2 opponent)
John Elway, Denver, 5 games (2 own)
Jimmie Jones, Dallas, 2 games (2 opponent)
Kenneth Davis, Buffalo, 4 games (2 own)
Kurt Warner, St. Louis Rams – Arizona, 3 games (2 own)
Danny Trevathan, Denver, 2 games (1 own, 1 opponent)

text: Most fumbles recovered, game, 2

text:
Jake Scott – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII (1 own, 1 opponent)
Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X (2 own)
Randy Hughes – Dallas vs. Denver, XII (2 opponent)
Butch Johnson – Dallas vs. Denver, XII (2 own)
Mike Singletary – Chicago vs. New England, XX (2 opponent)
Jimmie Jones – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (2 opponent)
Danny Trevathan – Denver vs. Carolina, 50 (1 own, 1 opponent)

text: Most fumble return yards, game, 64 yards

text: Leon Lett – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Longest fumble return, 64 yards

text: Leon Lett – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Longest fumble return for touchdown, 49 yards

text: Mike Bass – Washington vs. Miami, VII

text: Most fumble returns for touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Mike Bass – Washington vs. Miami, VII (opponent 49 yards)
Mike Hegman – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XIII (opponent 37 yards)
Jimmie Jones – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (opponent 2 yards)
Ken Norton, Jr. – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (opponent 9 yards)
James Washington – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVIII (opponent 46 yards)
Malik Jackson – Denver vs. Carolina, 50 (opponent end zone)

text: Defense[edit]

text: Most interceptions, career, 3

text:
Chuck Howley – Dallas 2 games, V, VI
Rod Martin – Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders 2 games XV, XVIII
Larry Brown – Dallas 3 games XXVII, XXVIII, XXX

text: Most interceptions, game, 3

text: Rod Martin – Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV

text: Most interception yards gained, career, 108

text: Darrien Gordon – 4 games San Diego XXIX, Denver XXXII, XXXIII, Oakland XXXVII

text: Most interception yards gained, game, 108

text: Darrien Gordon – Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII

text: Longest interception return, 100 yards, TD

text: James Harrison – Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII

text: Most interceptions returned for a touchdown, game, 2

text: Dwight Smith – Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most tackles, game, 13

text: Gary Brackett – Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV [12]

text: Most tackles, career, 22

text: Bobby Wagner – Linebacker Seattle 2 games XLVIII, XLIX

text: Most tackles plus assists, game, 18 (11 tackles, 7 assists)

text: Dan Morgan – Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII

text: Most sacks, career, 5

text: L. C. Greenwood – 4 games Pittsburgh IX, X, XIII, XIV [13][14]

text: Most sacks, game, 4

text: L. C. Greenwood – Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X [14]

text: Most safeties, game, 1

text:
Dwight White – Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX (Was first score of game)
Henry Waechter – Chicago vs. New England, XX
George Martin – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI
Bruce Smith – Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Cliff Avril – Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII[15] (Was first score of game)

text: Reggie Harrison – Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X

text: Chris Culliver credited for safety – San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII[6]

text:
Justin Hartwig (holding penalty) – center, Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII
Tom Brady (intentional grounding penalty) – quarterback, New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI (Was first score of game) [16]

text: Special teams[edit]

text: Kickoff returns[edit]

text: Longest kickoff return, 108 yards, TD

text: Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII

text: Most kickoff returns, career, 10

text: Ken Bell – Denver 3 games XXI, XXII, XXIV [17]

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 8

text:
Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Marcus Knight – Oakland vs. Tampa Bay XXXVII

text: Most kickoff return yards, career, 283

text: Fulton Walker – Miami 2 games XVII, XIX

text: Most kickoff return yards, game, 244

text: Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX

text: Highest kickoff return average, career (4 returns), 42.0 yards

text: Tim Dwight, Atlanta, 1 game (5–210) XXXIII

text: Highest kickoff return average, game (3 returns), 47.5 yards

text: Fulton Walker, Miami vs. Washington, (4–190) XVII

text: Opening kickoff returned for touchdown, 1 time

text: Devin Hester – Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI

text: Most kickoff returns for touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Fulton Walker – Miami vs. Washington, XVII
Stanford Jennings – Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Tim Dwight – Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Ron Dixon – New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
Jermaine Lewis – Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants XXXV
Devin Hester – Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
Percy Harvin – Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Kickoffs[edit]

text: Most kickoffs for touchback, 5

text:
Lin Elliott – 9 kickoffs, 5 touchbacks – Dallas vs. Buffalo XXVII
Stephen Gostkowski – 5 kickoffs, 5 touchbacks – New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Punting[edit]

text: Longest punt, 64 yards

text: Ryan Allen – New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most punts inside 10 yard line, game, 3

text: Steve Weatherford – New York Giants vs. New England XLVI

text: Most punts, game, 11

text: Brad Maynard – New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens XXXV

text: Most punts, career, 17

text:
Mike Eischeid – 3 games Oakland II, Minnesota VIII, IX
Mike Horan – 4 games Denver XXI, XXII, XXIV, St. Louis Rams XXXIV

text: Highest punting average, career (10 punts), 46.5 yards

text: Jerrel Wilson, Kansas City 2 games (11–511) – I, IV

text: Highest punting average, game (4 punts), 50.2 yards

text: Tom Rouen, Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, (6–301) – XL

text: Punt returns[edit]

text: Most punt returns, career, 8

text: Troy Brown – New England 3 games XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX

text: Most punt returns, game, 6

text:
Mike Nelms – Washington vs. Miami, XVII
Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Most fair catches, game, 4

text:
Jermaine Lewis – Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV
Karl Williams – Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most punt return yards gained, career, 94

text: John Taylor – San Francisco 3 games XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Most punt return yards gained, game, 90

text: Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Longest punt return, 61 yards

text: Jordan Norwood – Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Highest average, punt return yardage, career (4 returns), 15.7 yards

text: John Taylor, 3 games (6–94) San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Highest average, punt return yardage, game (3 returns), 18.7 yards

text: John Taylor, San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, (3–56) XXIII

text: Most punt returns for touchdowns, game, 0

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Most field goals attempted, career, 10

text: Adam Vinatieri – 5 games New England XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 5

text:
Jim Turner – New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Efren Herrera – Dallas vs. Denver, XII

text: Most field goals, career, 7

text: Game winning field goals

text:
Jim O'Brien 0:05 time left – Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
Adam Vinatieri 0:00 time left – New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
Adam Vinatieri 0:04 time left – New England vs. Carolina, XXXVIII

text: Most field goals, game, 4

text:
Don Chandler – Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
Ray Wersching – San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XVI

text: Most 40-plus yard field goals, game, 3

text: Garrett Hartley – New Orleans Saints vs. Indianapolis XLIV

text: Longest field goal, 54 yards

text: Steve Christie – Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

text: Shortest field goal, 9 yards

text:
Jim Turner – Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets III
Mike Clark – Dallas vs. Miami VI

text: Note: The goal posts were moved to the back of the end zone in 1974. As such, this record cannot be broken without another change to the layout of the field. Standard field goal protocol does not currently allow a kick 17 yards or shorter.

text: Points after touchdown[edit]

text: Most (one point) PATs, career, 13

text: Most (one point) extra points, game, 7

text:
Mike Cofer – San Francisco vs. Denver, (8 attempts) XXIV
Lin Elliot – Dallas vs. Buffalo, (7 attempts) XXVII
Doug Brien – San Francisco vs. San Diego, (7 attempts) XXIX

text: Most 2 point conversions, game, 1

text:
Mark Seay – San Diego vs. San Francisco XXIX
Alfred Pupunu – San Diego vs. San Francisco XXIX
Mark Chmura – Green Bay vs. New England XXXI
Kevin Faulk – New England vs. Carolina XXXVIII
Lance Moore – New Orleans vs. Indianapolis XLIV
Antwaan Randle El – Pittsburgh vs. Green Bay XLV
Wes Welker – Denver vs. Seattle XLVIII
Bennie Fowler – Denver vs. Carolina 50
James White - New England vs. Atlanta LI
Danny Amendola - New England vs. Atlanta LI

text: Team records[edit]

text: All records can be referenced at NFL.com.[1][2]

text: Most Super Bowl appearances, 10

text: New England Patriots XX, XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl appearances, 4

text: Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Most Super Bowl victories, 6

text: Pittsburgh Steelers IX, X, XIII, XIV, XL, XLIII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl victories, 2 (occurred 8 times)

text:
Green Bay Packers I, II
Miami Dolphins VII, VIII
Pittsburgh Steelers IX, X
Pittsburgh Steelers XIII, XIV
San Francisco 49ers XXIII, XXIV
Dallas Cowboys XXVII, XXVIII
Denver Broncos XXXII, XXXIII
New England Patriots XXXVIII, XXXIX

text: Most Super Bowl losses, 5

text: Denver Broncos XII, XXI, XXII, XXIV, XLVIII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl losses, 4

text: Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Super Bowl win with no home playoff games

text:
Green Bay Packers I – 2 playoff games
Kansas City Chiefs IV – 3 playoff games
Pittsburgh Steelers XL – 4 playoff games
New York Giants XLII – 4 playoff games
Green Bay Packers XLV – 4 playoff games

text: Most Super Bowl wins without a loss, 2

text: Baltimore Ravens – XXXV, XLVII

text: Longest Super Bowl win streak, 5 games

text: San Francisco 49ers – XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Most Super Bowl appearances without a win, 4

text:
Minnesota Vikings IV, VIII, IX, XI
Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Most common matchup, 3

text: Pittsburgh Steelers vs. Dallas Cowboys X, XIII, XXX

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Points[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most points, game, 55

text: San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV

text: Most consecutive points, game, 31

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI [10]

text: Most points by a losing team, game, 31

text:
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XIII
San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII

text: Fewest points, game, 3

text: Miami vs. Dallas, VI

text: Fewest points by winning team, game, 14

text: Miami vs. Washington, VII

text: Largest margin of victory, 45 points

text: San Francisco 49ers vs. Denver, (55–10) XXIV

text: Smallest margin of victory, 1 point

text: New York Giants vs. Buffalo, (20–19), XXV

text: Most points scored, first half of play, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Most points, second half of play, 30

text: New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

text: Most points scored in any quarter of play, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, (second quarter), XXII

text: Most points, first quarter, 14 (by 7 teams)

text:
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII
San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX
New England vs. Green Bay, XXXI
Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

text: Most points, second quarter, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Most points, third quarter, 21

text: Chicago vs. New England, XX

text: Most points, fourth quarter, 21

text: Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Most points, overtime, 6

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Largest lead, end of first quarter, 14 points

text:
Miami vs. Minnesota, (14–0), VIII
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, (14–0), XV
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, (14–0), XLV

text: Largest halftime margin, 25 points

text: Washington vs. Denver, (35–10), XXII

text: Largest halftime lead with a shutout, 22 points [18]

text: Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Largest lead, end of 3rd quarter, 41 points

text: Chicago vs. New England, (44–3), XX

text: Largest comeback, 25 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 28–3. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Largest 4th quarter comeback, 19 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 28–9. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Largest halftime comeback, 18 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 21–3. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Fewest points, first half, 0 (12 times)

text:
Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
Minnesota 4 times -vs. Kansas City, IV, vs. Miami, VIII, vs. Pittsburgh, IX, vs. Oakland, XI
Washington vs. Miami, VII
Denver 2 times -vs. Dallas, XII, vs. Seattle, XLVIII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XVI
Buffalo vs. Washington, XXVI
Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV
New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV

text: Fewest points, second half, 0 (8 times)

text:
Kansas City vs. Green Bay, I
Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts, V
Miami 4 times – vs. Dallas, VI, vs. Washington, VII, vs. Washington, XVII, vs. San Francisco, XIX Super Bowl VII was the only time that a team failed to score in the second half and won.
Denver vs. Washington, XXII
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most points, game, 75

text: San Francisco (49) vs. San Diego (26), XXIX

text: Fewest points, game, 21

text: Miami (14) vs. Washington (7), VII

text: Most points, first half, 45

text: Washington (35) vs. Denver (10), XXII

text: Most points, second half, 46

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (28) vs. Oakland Raiders (18), XXXVII

text: Fewest points, first half, 2

text: Pittsburgh Steelers (2) vs. Minnesota Vikings (0), IX

text: Fewest points, second half, 7

text:
Miami Dolphins (0) vs. Washington (7), VII
Washington (7) vs. Denver (0), XXII

text: Most points, first quarter, 24

text: Green Bay (10) vs. New England (14), XXXI

text: Most points, second quarter, 35

text: Washington (35) vs. Denver (0), XXII

text: Most points, third quarter, 24

text:
Washington (14) vs. Buffalo (10), XXVI
Baltimore Ravens (7) vs. San Francisco (17), XLVII

text: Most points, fourth quarter, 37

text: New England (18) vs. Carolina (19), XXXVIII

text: Most points, overtime, 6

text: New England (6) vs. Atlanta (0), LI

text: Most lead changes, game, 7

text: Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV

text: Most lead changes in the fourth quarter, 3

text: New England vs. New York Giants, XLII

text: Both teams scoring over 30 points, 2 times[6]

text:
Pittsburgh (35) vs. Dallas (31), XIII
Baltimore Ravens (34) vs. San Francisco (31), XLVII

text: Touchdowns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most touchdowns, game, 8

text: San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV

text: Most touchdowns, losing team, game, 4

text:
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XIII
Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII
Atlanta vs. New England, LI

text: Fewest touchdowns, winning team, game, 1

text: New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III

text: Fewest touchdowns, game, 0

text: Miami vs. Dallas, VI

text: Longest touchdown scoring drive, 96 yards

text:
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV
New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most touchdowns, game, 10

text: San Francisco (7) vs. San Diego (3), XXIX

text: Fewest touchdowns, game, 2

text: New York Jets (1) vs. Baltimore Colts (1), III

text: Points after touchdown[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most (one point) PATs, game, 7

text:
San Francisco vs. Denver, (8 attempts) XXIV
Dallas vs. Buffalo, (7 attempts) XXVII
San Francisco vs. San Diego, (7 attempts) XXIX

text:
San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most (one point) PATs, game, 9

text:
Pittsburgh (5) vs. Dallas (4), XIII
Dallas (7) vs. Buffalo (2) (XXVII)

text: Fewest (one point) PATs, game, 2

text:
Baltimore Colts (1) vs. New York Jets (1), III
Baltimore Colts (1) vs. Dallas (1), V
Minnesota (0) vs. Pittsburgh (2), IX
Denver (1) vs. Carolina (1), 50

text: Most two point conversions, game, 2

text:
San Diego (2) vs. San Francisco (0), XXIX
New England (2) vs. Atlanta (0), LI

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 5

text:
New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Dallas vs. Denver, XII

text: Most field goals, game, 4

text:
Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XVI

text: Most fake field goals attempted, game, 1

text: Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco 49ers, XLVII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 7

text:
New York Jets (5) vs. Baltimore Colts (2), III
San Francisco (4) vs. Cincinnati (3), XXIII
St. Louis (4) vs. Tennessee (3), XXXIV
Denver (4) vs. Atlanta (3), XXXIII

text: Fewest field goals attempted, game, 1

text:
Minnesota (0) vs. Miami (1), VIII
San Francisco (0) vs. Denver (1), XXIV
Philadelphia (0) vs. New England (1), XXXIX
New England (0) vs. New York Giants (1), XLII
New England (0) vs. Seattle (1), XLIX

text: Most field goals, game, 5

text:
Cincinnati (3) vs. San Francisco (2), XXIII
Dallas (3) vs. Buffalo (2), XXVIII
Baltimore Ravens (2) vs. San Francisco (3), XLVII

text: Most field goals without miss, game, 5

text:
Dallas (3) vs. Buffalo (2), XXVIII
Baltimore Ravens (2) vs. San Francisco (3), XLVII[6]

text: Fewest field goals, game, 0

text:
Miami vs. Washington, VII
Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Safeties[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most safeties, game, 1

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Chicago vs. New England, XX
New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Arizona vs. Pittsburgh, XLIII
New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Offense[edit]

text: Net yards gained[edit]

text: Combined rushing and passing

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most net yards, rushing and passing, game, 602

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Fewest net yards, rushing and passing, game, 119

text: Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

text: Fewest Total Yards, Winning Team, game, 194

text: Denver vs. Carolina, 50 [5]

text: Most offensive plays, game, 93

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI [10]

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most net yards, rushing and passing, game, 929

text: Washington (602) vs. Denver (327), XXII

text: Fewest net yards, rushing and passing, game, 396

text: New York Giants (152) vs. Baltimore Ravens (244), XXXV

text: Rushing[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most rushing attempts, game, 57

text: Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Fewest rushing attempts, winning team, game, 13

text:
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh XLV

text: Fewest rushing attempts, game, 9

text: Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX

text: Most yards rushing, game, 280

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Fewest rushing yards, winning team, game, 29

text: St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

text: Fewest yards rushing, game, 7

text: New England vs. Chicago, XX

text: Highest average gain per rush attempt, game, 7.00 yards

text:
Los Angeles Raiders vs. Washington, (33–231), XVIII
Washington vs. Denver, (40–280), XXII

text: Lowest average gain per rush attempt, game, 0.64 yards

text: New England vs. Chicago, (11–7) XX

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 4

text:
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII

text: Fewest rushing touchdowns, game, 0 (34 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Minnesota, Denver, Green Bay, New York Giants
3 times – Oakland, Dallas, Miami
4 times – New England

text:
• Kansas City vs. Green Bay, I
• Oakland vs. Green Bay, II
• Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts V

• Miami vs. Dallas VI
• Washington vs. Miami VII
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
• Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
• Minnesota vs. Oakland, XI

• Dallas vs. Steelers, XIII
• Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
• Philadelphia vs. Oakland, XV

• Miami vs. Washington, XVII
• Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX
• New England vs. Chicago, XX

• Denver vs. Washington XXII
• Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
• San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XXIII

• Green Bay vs. Denver, XXXII
• Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

• New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
• New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
• Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

• Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, XL
• Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
• New York Giants vs. New England, XLII

• Arizona vs. Pittsburgh, XLIII
• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

• New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI
• Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
• Denver vs. Seattle, XLVIII

• New England vs. Seattle, XLIX

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most rushing attempts, game, 81

text: Washington (52) vs. Miami (29), XVII

text: Fewest rushing attempts, game, 36

text: Green Bay (13) vs. Pittsburgh (23), XLV

text: Most yards rushing, game, 377

text: Washington (280) vs. Denver (97), XXII

text: Fewest yards rushing, game, 91

text: Arizona (33) vs. Pittsburgh (58), XLIII

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 4

text:
Miami (3) vs. Minnesota (1), VIII
Chicago (4) vs. New England (0), XX
San Francisco (3) vs. Denver (1), XXIV
Denver (4) vs. Green Bay (0), XXXII

text: Fewest rushing touchdowns, game, 0

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII

text: Passing[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most passing attempts, game, 63

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest passing attempts, game, 7

text: Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Most passes completed, game, 43

text: New England vs. Atlanta LI

text: Fewest passes completed, game, 4

text: Miami vs. Washington, XVII

text: Highest completion percentage, game (20 attempts), 88.0%

text: New York Giants vs. Denver, (25–22), XXI

text: Lowest completion percentage, game (20 attempts), 32.0%

text: Denver vs. Dallas, (25–8), XII

text: Most yards passing, game, 466

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest yards passing, game, 35

text: Denver vs. Dallas, XII

text: Highest average yards gained per pass attempt, game, 14.7 yards

text: Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams (309–21), XIV

text: Lowest average yards gained per pass attempt, game, 1.4 yards

text: Denver vs. Dallas (35–25), XII

text: Most times intercepted, game, 5

text: Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Most times sacked, game, 7

text:
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
New England vs. Chicago, XX
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: Fewest times sacked, game, 0 (12 teams)

text:
2 times – Denver
3 times – Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts

text:
• Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
• Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

• Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV
• Philadelphia vs. Oakland, XV
• Washington vs. Buffalo, XXVI

• Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
• Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII
• Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

• New England vs. Carolina, XXXVIII
• Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV
• Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Most passing touchdowns, game, 6

text: San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Fewest passing touchdowns, game, 0 (21 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Miami, Washington, Buffalo
3 times – Minnesota
4 times – Denver

text:
• New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
• Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
• Minnesota vs. Kansas City IV

• Miami vs. Dallas VI
• Washington vs. Miami VII
• Minnesota vs. Miami, VIII

• Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX
• Denver vs. Dallas, XII

• Washington vs. Los Angeles Raiders, XVIII
• Chicago vs. New England, XX
• Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII

• Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
• Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

• Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVIII
• Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
• Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV

• New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
• Carolina vs. Denver, 50
• Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Most players, 100-or-more receiving yards, game, 2

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, XIII (Lynn Swann 124, John Stallworth 115)
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XVI (Cris Collinsworth 107, Dan Ross 104)
San Francisco vs. Cincinnati XXIII (Jerry Rice 215, Roger Craig 101)
Washington vs. Buffalo, XXVI (Gary Clark 114, Art Monk 113)
St. Louis vs. Tennessee, XXXIV (Isaac Bruce 162, Torry Holt 109)
San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII (Michael Crabtree 109, Vernon Davis 104)[6]

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most passes attempted, game, 93

text: San Diego (55) vs. San Francisco (38), XXIX

text: Fewest passes attempted, game, 35

text: Miami (7) vs. Minnesota (28), VIII

text: Most passes completed, game, 63

text: New Orleans (32) vs. Indianapolis (31), XLIV

text: Fewest passes completed, game, 19

text: Miami (4) vs. Washington (15), XVII

text: Highest completion percentage, game, 75.0%

text: New Orleans (82.1%) vs. Indianapolis (68.9%), XLIV

text: Most yards passing, game, 750

text: New England (466) vs. Atlanta (284), LI

text: Fewest yards passing, game, 156

text: Miami (69) vs. Washington (87), VII

text: Most times sacked, game, 12

text: Carolina (7) vs. Denver (5), 50

text: Fewest times sacked, game, 1

text:
Philadelphia (0) vs. Oakland (1), XV
Denver (0) vs. Green Bay (1), XXXII
New Orleans (1) vs. Indianapolis (0), XLIV
Seattle (0) vs. Denver (1), XLVIII

text: Most passing touchdowns, game, 7

text:
Pittsburgh (4) vs. Dallas (3), XIII
San Francisco (6) vs. San Diego (1), XXIX

text: Fewest passing touchdowns, game, 0

text:
New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: First downs[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most first downs, game, 37

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest first downs, game, 9

text:
Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX
Miami vs. Washington, XVII

text: Most first downs rushing, game, 16

text: San Francisco vs. Miami, XIX

text: Fewest first downs, rushing, game, 1

text:
New England vs. Chicago, XX
St. Louis vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII
New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most first downs, passing, game, 26

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest first downs, passing, game, 1

text: Denver vs. Dallas, XII

text: Most first downs, penalty, game, 4

text:
Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XVI
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII
St. Louis vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII
New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most first downs, game, 54

text: New England (37) vs. Atlanta (17), LI

text: Fewest first downs, game, 24

text:
Dallas (10) vs. Baltimore Colts (14), V
New York Giants (11) vs. Baltimore Ravens (13), XXXV

text: Most first downs, rushing, game, 21

text: Washington (14) vs. Miami (7), XVII

text: Fewest first downs, rushing, game, 6

text: Arizona (2) vs. Pittsburgh (4), XLIII

text: Most first downs, passing, game, 39

text: New England (26) vs. Atlanta (13), LI

text: Fewest first downs, passing, game, 9

text: Denver (1) vs. Dallas (8), XII

text: Most first downs, penalty, game, 6

text:
Cincinnati (4) vs. San Francisco (2), XVI
St. Louis (4) vs. Tennessee (2), XXXIV

text: Fewest first downs, penalty, game, 0

text:
Dallas vs. Miami, VI
Miami vs. Washington, VII
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX
Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL
Pittsburgh vs. Green Bay XLV

text: Lowest 3rd down conversion rate, game, 13.8%

text: Denver (1–14) vs. Carolina (3–15), 50[19]

text: Defense[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most Interceptions by, game, 5

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most yards gained by interception return, game, 172

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most touchdowns scored by interception return, game, 3

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most sacks, game, 7

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Fewest yards allowed, 119

text: Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Most yards allowed, 602

text: Denver vs. Washington, XXII

text: Most yards allowed in a win, 468

text: Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most Interceptions by, game, 6

text:
Baltimore Colts (3) vs. Dallas (3), V
Tampa Bay (5) vs. Oakland (1), XXXVII

text: Fewest Interceptions by, game, 0

text:
Buffalo vs. New York Giants XXV
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee XXXIV

text: Fewest yards allowed, 396

text: Baltimore Ravens (152) vs. New York Giants (244), XXXV

text: Most yards allowed, 929

text: Washington (327) vs. Denver (602), XXII

text: Most yards gained by interception return, game, 184

text: Tampa Bay (172) vs. Oakland Raiders (12), XXXVII

text: Most sacks by, game, 12

text: Denver (7) vs. Carolina (5), 50

text: Fumbles[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most fumbles, game, 8

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles lost, game, 5

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles recovered, game, 8

text: Dallas vs. Denver, XII (4 own, 4 opponent)

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most fumbles, both teams, game, 12

text: Buffalo (8) vs. Dallas (4), XXVII

text: Fewest fumbles, both teams, game, 0

text:
Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh, XIV
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL
New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most fumbles lost, both teams, game, 7

text: Buffalo (5) vs. Dallas (2), XXVII

text: Fewest fumbles lost, both teams, game, 0 (15 times)

text:
2 times – Green Bay, Dallas, Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams, Denver, Seattle
3 times – New York Giants, New England
4 times – Pittsburgh

text:
• Green Bay vs. Kansas City, I
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
• Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh, XIV

• Denver vs. New York Giants, XXI
• Denver vs. Washington, XXII
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV

• San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XXX
• Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
• Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII
• Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
• New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Turnovers[edit]

text: Turnovers are defined as the number of times losing the ball on interceptions and fumbles.

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most turnovers, game, 9

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Fewest turnovers, game, 0 (20 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Oakland, San Francisco
3 times – Green Bay, New York Giants

text:
• Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
• Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
• Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X

• Oakland vs. Minnesota, XI
• Oakland vs. Philadelphia XV
• New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

• San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
• New York Giants vs. Buffalo, XXV

• San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XXX
• Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
• Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV
• Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV

• New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

• New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
• Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most turnovers, game, 11

text:
Baltimore Colts (7) vs. Dallas (4), V
Buffalo (9) vs. Dallas (2), XXVII

text: Fewest turnovers, game, 0

text:
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

text: Kickoff returns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 9

text:
Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Fewest kickoff returns, game, 0

text: Seattle vs. New England XLIX

text: Most yards gained, game, 244

text: San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 0

text: Seattle vs. New England XLIX

text: Highest average gain, game (3 returns), 44.0 yards

text: Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII (3–132)

text: Most touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Miami vs. Washington, XVII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV
New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 13

text: Oakland (9) vs. Tampa Bay (4), XXXVII

text: Fewest kickoff returns, game, 3

text: New England (3) vs. Seattle (0), XLIX

text: Most yards gained, game, 312

text: Baltimore Ravens (206) vs. San Francisco (106), XLVII[6]

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 49

text: New England (49) vs. Seattle (0), XLIX

text: Most touchdowns, game, 2

text: Baltimore Ravens (1) vs. New York Giants (1), XXXV

text: Punting[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most punts, game, 11

text: New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV

text: Fewest punts, game, 1

text:
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Highest average, game (4 punts), 50.17 yards

text: Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, (6–301), XL

text: Lowest average, game (4 punts), 31.00 yards

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland (4–124), XXXVII

text: Most punts inside the 10 yard line, 3

text: N Y Giants vs. New England, XLVI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most punts, game, 21

text: New York Giants (11) vs. Baltimore Ravens (10), XXXV

text: Fewest punts, game, 2

text: Atlanta (1) vs. Denver (1), XXXIII

text: Punt returns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most punt returns, game, 6

text:
Washington vs. Miami, XVII
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Fewest punt returns, game, 0

text:
Minnesota vs. Miami, VIII
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Washington vs. Buffalo, XXVI
Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
Green Bay vs. Denver, XXXII
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII
New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Most yards gained, game, 90

text: Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Fewest yards gained, game, –1

text:
Dallas vs. Miami, VI
Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV

text: Highest average return yardage, game (3 returns), 18.7 yards

text: San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, (3–56), XXIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most punt returns, game, 10

text: Green Bay (6) vs. New England (4), XXXI

text: Fewest punt returns, game, 0

text:
Denver vs. Green Bay XXXII
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII

text: Most yards gained, game, 120

text: Green Bay (90) vs. New England (30), XXXI

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 0

text:
Denver vs. Green Bay, (XXXII)
Atlanta vs. Denver, (XXXIII)

text: Penalties[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most penalties, game, 12

text:
Dallas vs. Denver, XII
Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: Fewest penalties, game, 0

text:
Miami vs. Dallas, VI
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII

text: Most yards penalized, game, 133 yards

text: Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts, V

text: Fewest yards penalized, game, 0

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most penalties, game, 20

text:
Dallas (12) vs. Denver (8), XII
Carolina (12) vs. New England (8), XXXVIII

text: Fewest penalties, game, 2

text: Pittsburgh (0) vs. Dallas (2), X

text: Most yards penalized, game, 164 yards

text: Dallas (133) vs. Baltimore Colts (31), V

text: Fewest yards penalized, game, 15 yards

text: Miami (0) vs. Dallas (15), VI

text: Time[edit]

text: Fastest score from start of game, (12 seconds)

text: Seattle Seahawks, safety (XLVIII)

text: Least Playing Time In The Lead by winning team, (0 minutes, 0 seconds)

text: New England Patriots vs. Atlanta Falcons (LI)

text: Most Playing Time In The Lead by losing team, (41 minutes, 18 seconds)

text: Atlanta Falcons vs. New England Patriots (LI)

text: Most Playing Time In The Lead, (59 minutes, 48 seconds)

text: Seattle Seahawks (XLVIII)

text: Longest time before first score, team, (57 minutes, 53 seconds)

text: Washington Redskins (VII)

text: Longest time before either team scores, (26 minutes, 55 seconds)

text: Carolina Panthers vs. New England Patriots (XXXVIII)

text: Time of Possession, (40 minutes, 33 seconds)

text: New York Giants (XXV)

text: Longest drive, (9 minutes, 59 seconds)

text: New York Giants (XLII)

text: Longest Super Bowl, elapsed time between kickoff and end of game, 4 hours, 14 minutes (includes 34 minute power outage in the 3rd quarter)

text: Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco (XLVII)[6]

text: Longest Super Bowl, amount of playing time, 63 minutes, 58 seconds (overtime game)

text: Longest drought without repeat World Champions

text: 12 years (the 2004 New England Patriots remain the last repeat World Champions)

text: Coaching[edit]

text: Most games as head coach, 7

text: Bill Belichick: New England Patriots (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, and LI )

text: Most Super Bowl wins as head coach, 5

text: Bill Belichick: New England Patriots (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX and LI)

text: Most appearances as a coach, 10

text: Bill Belichick – assistant coach New York Giants XXI, XXV, New England XXXI, head coach New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI

text: Most Super Bowl losses, 4

text:
Bud Grant: Minnesota (IV, VIII, IX, and XI)
Don Shula: Baltimore Colts (III), Miami Dolphins (VI, XVII, and XIX)
Marv Levy: Buffalo Bills (XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII)
Dan Reeves: Denver Broncos (XXI, XXII and XXIV), Atlanta Falcons (XXXIII)

text: Won as a Player and a Coach

text:
Tom Flores: Kansas City (IV), Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders (XV, XVIII)
Mike Ditka: Dallas (VI), Chicago (XX)
Tony Dungy: Pittsburgh (XIII), Indianapolis (XLI)

text: Played and Coached for the same team in a Super Bowl

text: Gary Kubiak: Denver Broncos (player XXI, XXII, XXIV, coach 50)

text: Most teams as head coach, 2

text:
Don Shula: Baltimore Colts, Miami Dolphins
Dick Vermeil: Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams
Dan Reeves: Denver Broncos, Atlanta Falcons
Bill Parcells: New York Giants, New England Patriots
Mike Holmgren: Green Bay Packers, Seattle Seahawks
John Fox: Carolina Panthers, Denver Broncos

text: Youngest to win, 36 years, 341 days

text: Mike Tomlin: Pittsburgh Steelers (XLIII)

text: Oldest to win, 65 years, 158 days

text: Tom Coughlin: New York Giants (XLVI)

text: Most seasons between appearances, 19

text: Dick Vermeil: Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams (XV and XXXIV)

text: Most Super Bowl wins with a different starting quarterback, 3

text: Joe Gibbs: Washington Redskins XVII (Joe Theismann), XXII, (Doug Williams), XXVI (Mark Rypien)

text: Teams winning with 3 different head coaches

text:
Dallas Cowboys: Tom Landry (VI, XII), Jimmy Johnson (XXVII, XXVIII), Barry Switzer (XXX)
Pittsburgh Steelers: Chuck Noll (IX, X, XIII, XIV), Bill Cowher (XL), Mike Tomlin (XLIII)
Green Bay Packers: Vince Lombardi (I, II), Mike Holmgren (XXXI), Mike McCarthy (XLV)

text: Popularity[edit]

text: Most-Watched Television Broadcast, 114.5 million viewers

text: XLIX Seattle vs. New England- Highest rated broadcast of all time.[20][21]

text: Highest stadium audience attendance, 103,985

text: XIV Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh Steelers

text: Non-occurrences[edit]

text: In the history of the Super Bowl, the following firsts have yet to occur:

text:
An all-wild card matchup (teams who failed to win their divisions) – Ten wild card teams have won conference titles since the AFL–NFL merger, but never two in the same season.
A shutout – Every Super Bowl participant to date has scored. In five cases, the offenses have failed to score a touchdown. In four of those cases, the special teams scored the only touchdown:

text:
A punt return for a touchdown. There have been 3 blocked punts returned for touchdowns, however.
Home field advantage (playing in one's own home stadium) – No team has ever played in a Super Bowl hosted in its home stadium. On two occasions a team has played in a Super Bowl hosted in its metropolitan area but in a different stadium: The Los Angeles Rams played in Super Bowl XIV at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, which is about 30 miles from their then-home stadium, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the San Francisco 49ers played in Super Bowl XIX at Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, which is about 25 miles south of the former site of their then-home stadium, Candlestick Park, in San Francisco. The Minnesota Vikings are currently the only team to have come within one win of playing in a Super Bowl in their home stadium, as they lost in the NFC Championship Game in 2017 when their home field, US Bank Stadium, was scheduled to host Super Bowl LII.
Two teams from the same metropolitan area: Two cities currently have two franchises: New York hosts both the Giants and the Jets. Beginning with the 2017 NFL season, Los Angeles hosts both the Chargers and the Rams. Also two pairs of teams share a common metropolitan area, although they are based in different cities: the Baltimore Ravens and the Washington Redskins; as well as the San Francisco 49ers and Oakland Raiders. All of the teams mentioned above except for the Chargers have won a Super Bowl, but never against their neighbor.

text:
An appearance by every team – Four teams have yet to reach their first Super Bowl: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans and Jacksonville Jaguars. The Lions and Browns both won NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era, most recently in 1957 and 1964, respectively. The Jaguars and Texans are post-merger expansion teams that began play in 1995 and 2002, respectively.
Every team winning – 13 teams have yet to win their first Super Bowl: the Arizona Cardinals, Atlanta Falcons, Buffalo Bills, Carolina Panthers, Cincinnati Bengals, Los Angeles Chargers, Minnesota Vikings, Philadelphia Eagles and Tennessee Titans, along with the four that have not appeared in a Super Bowl. The Chargers, the Titans (known as the Houston Oilers in the 1960s), and the Bills all won American Football League (AFL) championships in the pre-Super Bowl era. The Eagles and the Cardinals both won NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era. The Vikings won the 1969 NFL Championship Game, the last NFL Championship Game before the AFL–NFL merger, but lost Super Bowl IV to the AFL champs, the Kansas City Chiefs. Since the merger, the Vikings have appeared in the Super Bowl three more times (Super Bowl VIII, Super Bowl IX, and most recently in Super Bowl XI) but lost all three of them. Thus the Jaguars, Texans, Bengals, Falcons, and Panthers have yet to win their first league championship.
Every team losing – The Baltimore Ravens, New Orleans Saints, New York Jets, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and the four teams that have reached a Super Bowl have yet to lose a Super Bowl.
No touchdowns scored – In every Super Bowl to date, there have been at least two touchdowns scored (Fewest combined – 2, in Super Bowl III).
A three-peat. Two teams (the New England Patriots and the Dallas Cowboys) won three Super Bowl titles in four years and the Pittsburgh Steelers won 4 Super Bowl titles in 6 years, which included back to back championships twice. The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls from 1971–1973, winning the final two, making them the team having come closest to a three-peat. The Green Bay Packers were the 1965 NFL Champions and won the first two Super Bowls following their victories in the 1966 and 1967 NFL Championship Games. The Buffalo Bills appeared in four consecutive Super Bowls, but lost every time.
Fair catch kick – A fair catch kick has never been attempted in the Super Bowl. The only scenario in which a fair catch kick was seriously considered was at the end of regulation in Super Bowl LI, when Patriots head coach Bill Belichick considered a 75-yard fair catch kick attempt. Belichick decided against it, however, since the kick would not have had a realistic chance of success and could have been returned by the Atlanta Falcons for a game-winning touchdown.[22]
A head coach leading two different teams to Super Bowl victories. Four Super Bowl-winning coaches also coached another team but lost: Don Shula, Bill Parcells, Mike Holmgren and Dick Vermeil.


document_title: Politics of India

question_text: who gave recognition to political parties in india

text: Politics of India

text: Political parties and alliances[edit]

text: Compared with other democratic countries, India has a large number of political parties. It has been estimated that over 200 parties were formed after India became independent in 1947.[6]

text: Some features of the political parties in India are that the parties are generally woven around their leaders, the leaders are actively playing a dominant role, and that the role of leadership can be transferred, thus tending to take a dynastic route. The two main parties in India are the Bharatiya Janata Party, also known as the BJP and the Indian National Congress, commonly called the INC or simply Congress. These two parties dominate national politics. On the left-right political spectrum, the Indian National Congress is a welfare-heavy, centre party, whereas the BJP is a fiscally conservative, Right-wing party.

text: Types of political parties[edit]

text: There are two types of political parties in India - National Party and Regional/State party. Every political party must bear a symbol and must be registered with the Election Commission of India. Symbols are used in Indian political system as an identity of political parties and so that illiterate people can also vote by recognizing symbols of party.[7]

text: In the current amendment to the Symbols Order, the Commission has infused the following five principles, which, in its view, should govern the polity in the country, situate as it is in its present state:[8]

text:
Legislative presence is a must for recognition as a National or State party.
For a National party, it must be the legislative presence in the Lok Sabha and for a State party, the legislative presence must be reflected in the State Assembly.
In any election, a party can set up a candidate only from amongst its own members.
A party, that loses its recognition, shall not lose its symbol immediately, but shall be given the facility to use that symbol for some time to try and retrieve its status. (However, the grant of such facility to the party to use its symbol will not mean the extension of other facilities to it, as are available to recognized parties, like, free time on Doordarshan/AIR, free supply of copies of electoral rolls, etc.)
Recognition should be given to a party only on the basis of its own performance in elections and not because it is a splinter group of some other recognized party.

tag: ol

text: A political party shall be eligible to be recognized as a National party if:

text:
it secures at least six percent(6%) of the valid votes polled in any four or more states, at a general election to the House of the People or, to the State Legislative Assembly; and
in addition, it wins at least four seats in the House of the People from any State or States.

text: it wins at least two percent (2%) seats in the House of the People (i.e., 11 seats in the existing House having 543 members), and these members are elected from at least three different States.

text: Likewise, a political party shall be entitled to be recognized as a State party, if:

text:
it secures at least six percent (6%) of the valid votes polled in the State at a general election, either to the House of the People or to the Legislative Assembly of the State concerned; and
in addition, it wins at least two seats in the Legislative Assembly of the State concerned.

text: it wins at least three percent (3%) of the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the State, or at least three seats in the Assembly, whichever is more.

text: At present there are seven national parties and many more state parties.

text: Alliances[edit]

text: India has a history of alliances and breakdown of alliances. However, there are three alliances on a national level in India, competing with each other for the position of Government. The member parties work in harmony for gratifying national interests, although a party can jump ships. The three alliances -

text:
National Democratic Alliance (NDA) - Centre-Right coalition led by BJP was formed in 1998 after the elections. NDA formed a government, although the government didn't last long as AIADMK withdrew support from it resulting in 1999 general elections, in which NDA won and resumed power. The coalition government went on to complete the full five-years term, becoming the first non-Congress government to do so. In the 2014 General Elections, NDA once again returned to power for the second time, with a historic mandate of 336 out of 543 Lok Sabha seats. BJP itself won 282 seats, thereby electing Narendra Modi as the head of the government.
United Progressive Alliance (UPA) - Centre-Left coalition led by Indian National Congress; this alliance was created after the 2004 general elections, with the alliance forming the Government. The alliance even after losing some of its members, was reelected in 2009 General Elections with Manmohan Singh as head of the government.
Third front - A coalition of parties which do not belong to any of the above camps due to certain issues. One of the party in the alliance, the CPI(M), prior to 2009 general elections, was a member party of the UPA. The alliance has no official leading party, and smaller parties often enter and leave the alliance according to political convenience. Many of these parties ally at national level but contest against each other at state level. The inherent problem with such a third front is that they are only bound together by the fact that they are not aligned to either of the two 'main' alliances, and not through similar ideological stances. This often means that this alliance is merely an alliance in name and does not really provide a united front which can serve as an alternative to the two historically prominent alliances. Therefore, despite the presence of this so called Third front and seemingly alternative options, Indian politics by and large remains a de facto two party system at the national level.

text: Local governance[edit]

text: Panchayati Raj Institutions or Local self-government bodies play a crucial role in Indian politics, as it focuses on grassroot-level administration in India.

text: On April 24, 1993, the Constitutional (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions. This Act was extended to Panchayats in the tribal areas of eight States, namely Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan from 24 December 1996.

text: The Act aims to provide 3-tier system of Panchayati Raj for all States having population of over 2 million, to hold Panchayat elections regularly every 5 years, to provide reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Women, to appoint State Finance Commission to make recommendations as regards the financial powers of the Panchayats and to constitute District Planning Committee to prepare draft development plan for the district.

text: Role of political parties[edit]

text:
Part of the Politics series

Party politics

Political spectrum

Left-wing

Far-left
Hard-Left
Extreme left

Centre

Centre-left
Radical center
Centre-right, Third Position

Right-wing

Far-right
Hard right
New right
Alt-right
Alt-lite

Party platform

Extremist
Radical

Moderate
Reformist
Syncretic
Third Position

Conservative
Fundamentalist
Reactionary

Party system

Non-partisan
One-party

Dominant-party
Two-party
Multi-party

Coalition

Hung parliament
Confidence and supply
Minority government
Rainbow coalition
Grand coalition
Full coalition

National unity government
Majority government

Lists

Ruling parties by country
Political parties by UN geoscheme
Political ideologies

Politics portal

v
t
e

tag: table

text: As with any other democracy, political parties represent different sections among the Indian society and regions, and their core values play a major role in the politics of India. Both the executive branch and the legislative branch of the government are run by the representatives of the political parties who have been elected through the elections. Through the electoral process, the people of India choose which representative and which political party should run the government. Through the elections any party may gain simple majority in the lower house. Coalitions are formed by the political parties, in case no single party gains a simple majority in the lower house. Unless a party or a coalition have a majority in the lower house, a government cannot be formed by that party or the coalition.

text: India has a multi-party system, where there are a number of national as well as regional parties. A regional party may gain a majority and rule a particular state. If a party is represented in more than 4 states, it would be labelled a national party. Out of the 66 years of India's independence, India has been ruled by the Indian National Congress (INC) for 53 of those years, as of March 2014.

text: The party enjoyed a parliamentary majority save for two brief periods during the 1970s and late 1980s. This rule was interrupted between 1977 and 1980, when the Janata Party coalition won the election owing to public discontent with the controversial state of emergency declared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The Janata Dal won elections in 1989, but its government managed to hold on to power for only two years.

text: Between 1996 and 1998, there was a period of political flux with the government being formed first by the nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) followed by a left-leaning United Front coalition. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance with smaller regional parties, and became the first non-INC and coalition government to complete a full five-year term. The 2004 Indian elections saw the INC winning the largest number of seats to form a government leading the United Progressive Alliance, and supported by left-parties and those opposed to the BJP.

text: On 22 May 2004, Manmohan Singh [9] was appointed the Prime Minister of India following the victory of the INC & the left front in the 2004 Lok Sabha election. The UPA ruled India without the support of the left front. Previously, Atal Bihari Vajpayee [10] had taken office in October 1999 after a general election in which a BJP-led coalition of 13 parties called the National Democratic Alliance emerged with a majority. In May 2014, Narendra Modi of BJP was elected as Prime Minister of India.

text: Formation of coalition governments reflects the transition in Indian politics away from the national parties toward smaller, more narrowly based regional parties. Some regional parties, especially in South India, are deeply aligned to the ideologies of the region unlike the national parties and thus the relationship between the central government and the state government in various states has not always been free of rancor. Disparity between the ideologies of the political parties ruling the centre and the state leads to severely skewed allocation of resources between the states.

text: Political issues[edit]

text: Social issues[edit]

text: The lack of homogeneity in the Indian population causes division between different sections of the people based on religion, region, language, caste and race. This has led to the rise of political parties with agendas catering to one or a mix of these groups. Parties in India also target people who are not in favour of other parties and use them as an asset.

text: Some parties openly profess their focus on a particular group; for example, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's focus on the Dravidian population and Tamil identity; Biju Janata Dal's championing of Odia culture; the Shiv Sena's pro-Marathi agenda; Naga People's Front's demand for protection of Naga tribal identity; People's Democratic Party and National Conference's calling for Kashmiri Muslim identity. Some other parties claim to be universal in nature, but tend to draw support from particular sections of the population. For example, the Rashtriya Janata Dal (translated as National People's Party) has a vote bank among the Yadav and Muslim population of Bihar and the All India Trinamool Congress does not have any significant support outside West Bengal.

text: The narrow focus and votebank politics of most parties, even in the central government and central legislature, sidelines national issues such as economic welfare and national security. Moreover, internal security is also threatened as incidences of political parties instigating and leading violence between two opposing groups of people is a frequent occurrence.

text: Economic issues[edit]

text: Economic issues like poverty, unemployment, development are main issues that influence politics. Garibi hatao (eradicate poverty) has been a slogan of the Indian National Congress for a long time. The well known Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) encourages a free market economy. The more popular slogan in this field is Sab Ka Sath, Sab ka Vikas (Cooperation with all, progress of all). The Communist Party of India (Marxist) vehemently supports left-wing politics like land-for-all, right to work and strongly opposes neo-liberal policies such as globalisation, capitalism and privatisation.

text: Law and order[edit]

text: Terrorism, Naxalism, religious violence and caste-related violence are important issues that affect the political environment of the Indian nation. Stringent anti-terror legislation such as TADA, POTA and MCOCA have received much political attention, both in favour and opposed.

text: Terrorism had effected politics India since its conception, be it the terrorism supported from Pakistan or the internal guerrilla groups such as Naxalites. In 1991 the former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated during an election campaign.[11] The suicide bomber was later linked to the Sri Lankan terrorist group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, as it was later revealed the killing was an act of vengeance for Rajiv Gandhi sending troops in Sri Lanka against them in 1987.[11]

text: The Babri Masjid demolition on December 6, 1992 by Hindu Karsevaks resulted in nationwide communal riots in two months, with worst occurring in Mumbai with at least 900 dead.[11][12] The riots were followed by 1993 Mumbai Bomb Blasts, which resulted in more deaths.

text: Law and order issues, such as action against organised crime are issues which do not affect the outcomes of elections. On the other hand, there is a criminal–politician nexus. Many elected legislators have criminal cases against them. In July 2008, the Washington Post reported that nearly a fourth of the 540 Indian Parliament members faced criminal charges, "including human trafficking, child prostitution immigration rackets, embezzlement, rape and even murder".[13]

text: High Political Offices in India[edit]

text: President of India[edit]

text: The Constitution of India lays down that the Head of State and Union Executive is the President of India. S/He is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament and members of legislative assemblies of the states. The President is eligible for re-elections; however, in India's independent history, only one president has been re-elected, Rajendra Prasad.

text: The President appoints the Prime Minister of India from the party or coalition which commands maximum support of the Lok Sabha, on whose recommendation he/she nominates the other ministers. The President also appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Court. It is on the President's recommendation that the Houses of Parliament meet, and only the president has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha. Furthermore, no bill passed by Parliament can become law without the president's assent.

text: However, the role of the president of India is highly ceremonial. All the powers of the president mentioned above are exercised on recommendation of the Union Cabinet, and the president does not have much discretion in any of these matters. The president also does not have discretion in the exercise of his executive powers, as the real executive authority lies in the cabinet. The current President is Ram Nath Kovind.

text: Vice President of India[edit]

text: The Office of the Vice-President of India is constitutionally the second most senior office in the country, after the President. The vice-president is also elected by an electoral college, consisting of members of both houses of parliament.

text: Like the president, the role of the Vice-President is also ceremonial, with no real authority vested in him/her. The Vice-President fills in a vacancy in the office of President (till the election of a new president). His only regular function is that he functions are the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. No other duties/powers are vested in the office. The current Vice President is M.Venkaiah Naidu.

text: The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers[edit]

text: The Union Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, is the body with which the real executive power resides. The Prime Minister is the recognized head of the government.

text: The Union Council of Ministers is the body of ministers with which the PM works with on a day-to-day basis. Work is divided between various ministers into various departments and ministries. The Union cabinet is a smaller body of ministers which lies within the Council of Ministers, which is the most powerful set of people in the country, playing an instrumental role in legislation and execution alike.

text: All members of the Union Council of ministers must be members of either House of Parliament at time of appointment, or must get elected/nominated to either House within six months of their appointment.

text: It is the Union Cabinet that co-ordinates all foreign and domestic policy of the Union. It exercises immense control over administration, finance, legislation, military, etc. The Head of the Union Cabinet is the Prime Minister. The current Prime Minister of India is Narendra Modi.

text: State Governments[edit]

text: India has a federal form of government, and hence each state also has its own government. The executive of each state is the Governor (equivalent to the president of India), whose role is ceremonial. The real power resides with the Chief Minister (equivalent to the Prime Minister) and the state council of ministers. States may either have a unicameral or bicameral legislature, varying from state to state. The Chief Minister and other state ministers are also members of the legislature.

text: Dynasties in Indian Politics[edit]

text: In recent decades, Indian politics has become a dynastic affair. The reasons for this state of affair could be the absence of a party organization, independent civil society associations that mobilize support for the party, and centralized financing of elections.[4] This phenomenon is seen both at the national level as well as the state level. One example of dynastic politics has been the Nehru–Gandhi family which produced three Indian prime ministers as well as leading the Congress party.[14] At state level too, a number of political parties for example, Shiromani Akali Dal, DMK, Shiv Sena, PDP and Samajwadi Party are led by family members of the previous leaders.