document_title: Hollywood Walk of Fame

question_text: who has 5 stars on the hollywood walk of fame

question_tokens: who has 5 stars on the hollywood walk of fame

text: Hollywood Walk of Fame

text: Description[edit]

text: The Walk of Fame runs 1.3 miles (2.1 km) east to west on Hollywood Boulevard from Gower Street to La Brea Avenue, plus a short segment of Marshfield Way that runs diagonally between Hollywood and La Brea; and 0.4 miles (0.64 km) north to south on Vine Street between Yucca Street and Sunset Boulevard. According to a 2003 report by the market research firm NPO Plog Research, the Walk attracts about 10 million visitors annually—more than Sunset Strip, TCL Chinese Theatre (formerly Grauman's), the Queen Mary, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art—and has played an important role in making tourism the largest industry in Los Angeles County.[3]

text: Categorization[edit]

text: As of 2017[update], the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars,[1] spaced at 6-foot (1.8 m) intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass (not bronze, an oft-repeated inaccuracy[4]) inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background. In the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the lower half of the star field, a round inlaid brass emblem indicates the category of the honoree's contributions. The emblems symbolize five categories within the entertainment industry:

text:
Classic film camera representing motion pictures
 Television receiver representing broadcast television
 Phonograph record representing audio recording or music
 Radio microphone representing broadcast radio
 Comedy/tragedy masks representing theatre/live performance (added in 1984)

text: Of all the stars on the Walk to date, 47% have been awarded in the motion pictures category, 24% in television, 17% in audio recording, 10% in radio, and less than 2% in the live performance category. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year.[4]

text: Special stars[edit]

text: Special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees.[5] For example, former Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley's star displays the Seal of the City of Los Angeles;[6][7] the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) star emblem is a replica of a Hollywood Division badge;[8] and stars representing corporations, such as Victoria's Secret and the Los Angeles Dodgers, display the honoree's corporate logo.[5][9] The "Friends of the Walk of Fame" monuments are charcoal terrazzo squares rimmed by miniature pink terrazzo stars displaying the five standard category emblems, along with the sponsor's corporate logo, with the sponsor's name and contribution in inlaid brass block lettering.[10][11] Special stars and Friends monuments are granted by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce or the Hollywood Historic Trust, but are not part of the Walk of Fame proper and are located nearby on private property.[10][12]

text: The monuments for the Apollo 11 mission to the Moon are uniquely shaped: Four identical circular moons, bearing the names of the three astronauts (Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., Michael Collins) the date of the first Moon landing ("7/20/69"), and the words "Apollo XI", are set on each of the four corners of the intersection of Hollywood and Vine. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, with the television emblem inlaid at the top of each circle.[13]

text: History[edit]

text: Origin[edit]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E.M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to "maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamour and excitement in the four corners of the world."[14] Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account.[15] A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and an architectural firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, and plans were submitted to the Los Angeles City Council.

text: Multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. According to one, the historic Hollywood Hotel—which stood for more than 50 years on Hollywood Boulevard at the site now occupied by the Hollywood and Highland complex and the Dolby (formerly Kodak) Theatre[16]—displayed stars on its dining room ceiling above the tables favored by its most famous celebrity patrons, and that may have served as an early inspiration.[17] By another account, the stars were "inspired ... by Sugarman's [Tropics Restaurant] drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars."[15][18]

text: In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree (John Wayne, by some accounts[19]) inside a blue star on a brown background.[14] However, caricatures proved too expensive and difficult to execute in brass with the technology available at the time; and the brown and blue motif was vetoed by Charles E. Toberman, the legendary real estate developer known as "Mr. Hollywood", because the colors clashed with a new building he was erecting on Hollywood Boulevard.[14][20]

text: Selection and construction[edit]

text: By March 1956 the final design and coral-and-charcoal color scheme had been approved, and between the spring of 1956 and the fall of 1957, 1,558 honorees were selected by committees representing the four major branches of the entertainment industry at that time: motion pictures, television, audio recording, and radio. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant,[21] and included such prominent names as Cecil B. DeMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz.[14]

text: A requirement stipulated by the original audio recording committee (and later rescinded) specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement. As a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959.[22]

text: Construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting and trees. In October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal.[14] The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr., sought damages for the exclusion of his father, whose nomination had been withdrawn due to pressure from multiple quarters (see Controversial additions). Chaplin's suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project.[14][23][24]

text: While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame,[25] in fact there was no "first" recipient; the original stars were installed as a continuous project, with no individual ceremonies. Woodward's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was still holding up permanent construction.[26][27][28] The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look.[14] The other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence.[14][29] Official groundbreaking took place on February 8, 1960.[17] On March 28, 1960, the first permanent star, director Stanley Kramer's, was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower.[14][30] The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated, according to one source, because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers.[25]

text: Stagnation and revitalization[edit]

text: Though the Walk was originally conceived in part to encourage redevelopment of Hollywood Boulevard, the 1960s and 1970s were periods of protracted urban decay in the Hollywood area as residents moved to suburbs.[31][32] After the initial installation of approximately 1,500 stars in 1960 and 1961, eight years passed without the addition of a new star. In 1962 the Los Angeles City Council passed an ordinance naming the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce "the agent to advise the City" about adding names to the Walk, and the Chamber, over the following six years, devised rules, procedures, and financing methods to do so.[14] In December 1968, Richard D. Zanuck was awarded the first star in eight years in a presentation ceremony hosted by Danny Thomas.[14][21][33] In July 1978 the City of Los Angeles designated the Hollywood Walk of Fame a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.[34]

text: Radio personality, television producer and Chamber member Johnny Grant is generally credited with implementing the changes that resuscitated the Walk and established it as a significant tourist attraction.[21][35] Beginning in 1968, he stimulated publicity and encouraged international press coverage by requiring that each recipient personally attend his or her star's unveiling ceremony.[21] Grant later recalled that "it was tough to get people to come accept a star" until the neighborhood finally began its recovery in the 1980s.[32] In 1980 he instituted a fee of $2,500, payable by the person or entity nominating the recipient, to fund the Walk of Fame's upkeep and minimize further taxpayer burden.[21] The fee has increased incrementally over time; by 2002 it had reached $15,000,[36] and stood at $30,000 in 2012.[4] The current (2017) fee is $40,000.[37]

text: Grant was awarded a star in 1980 for his television work.[14] In 2002, he received a second star in the "special" category to acknowledge his pivotal role in improving and popularizing the Walk.[38] He was also named chairman of the Selection Committee and Honorary Mayor of Hollywood (a ceremonial position previously held by Art Linkletter and Monty Hall,[39][40] among others).[14][38] He remained in both offices from 1980 until his death in 2008 and hosted the great majority of unveiling ceremonies during that period. His unique special-category star, with its emblem depicting a stylized "Great Seal of the City of Hollywood",[41] is located at the entrance to the Dolby Theatre adjacent to Johnny Grant Way.[42]

text: Expansion[edit]

text: In 1984 a fifth category, Live Theatre, was added to permit acknowledgment of contributions from the live performance branch of the entertainment industry, and a second row of stars was created on each sidewalk to alternate with the existing stars.[14]

text: In 1994 the Walk of Fame was extended one block to the west on Hollywood Boulevard, from Sycamore Avenue to North LaBrea Avenue (plus the short segment of Marshfield Way that connects Hollywood and La Brea), where it now ends at the silver "Four Ladies of Hollywood" gazebo and the special "Walk of Fame" star.[43] At the same time, Sophia Loren was honored with the 2,000th star on the Walk.[14]

text: During construction of tunnels for the Los Angeles subway system in 1996 the Metropolitan Transportation Authority removed and stored more than 300 stars.[44] Controversy arose when the MTA proposed a money-saving measure of jackhammering the 3-by-3-foot terrazzo pads, preserving only the brass lettering, surrounds, and medallions, then pouring new terrazzo after the tunnels were completed;[45] but the Cultural Heritage Commission ruled that the star pads were to be removed intact.[46]

text: Restoration[edit]

text: In 2008 a long-term restoration project began with an evaluation of all 2,365 stars on the Walk at the time, each receiving a letter grade of A, B, C, D, or F. Honorees whose stars received F grades, indicating the most severe damage, were Joan Collins, Peter Frampton, Dick Van Patten, Paul Douglas, Andrew L. Stone, Willard Waterman, Richard Boleslavsky, Ellen Drew, Frank Crumit, and Bobby Sherwood. Fifty celebrities' stars received "D" grades. The damage ranged from minor cosmetic flaws caused by normal weathering to holes and fissures severe enough to constitute a walking hazard. At least 778 stars will eventually be repaired or replaced during the ongoing project at an estimated cost of $4 million to $4.2 million.[47]

text: The restoration is a collaboration among the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and various Los Angeles city and county governmental offices, along with the MTA, which operates the Metro Red Line that runs beneath the Walk, since earth movement due to the presence of the subway line is thought to be partly responsible for the damage.[48]

text: To encourage supplemental funding for the project by corporate sponsors, the "Friends of Walk of Fame" program was inaugurated.[47] Absolut Vodka became the first Friend with a donation of $1 million,[49][50] followed by L'Oréal.[51] Friends are recognized with honorary plaques adjacent to the Walk of Fame in front of the Dolby Theatre.[10] The program received some criticism. Alana Semuels of the Los Angeles Times described it as "just the latest corporate attempt to buy some good buzz," and, quoting an area brand strategist, "I think Johnny Grant would roll over in his grave."[10] Karen Fondu, President of L'Oréal Paris, countered that the association was "a natural affinity."[50]

text: The Walk of Fame today[edit]

text: Multiple stars[edit]

text: The original selection committees chose to recognize some entertainers' contributions in multiple categories with multiple stars. Gene Autry is the only honoree with stars in all five categories.[52][53] Bob Hope, Mickey Rooney, Roy Rogers, and Tony Martin each have stars in four categories—Rooney has three of his own and a fourth with his eighth and final wife, Jan,[54][55] while Rogers also has three of his own, and a fourth with his band, Sons of the Pioneers.[56][57] Thirty-three people, including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Jo Stafford, Dean Martin, Dinah Shore, Gale Storm, Danny Kaye, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and Jack Benny, have stars in three categories.[52]

text: Seven recording artists have two stars in the same category for distinct achievements: Michael Jackson, as a soloist and as a member of The Jackson 5; Diana Ross, as a member of The Supremes and for her solo work; Smokey Robinson, as a solo artist and as a member of The Miracles; and John Lennon, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and Paul McCartney as individuals and as members of The Beatles.[58] Cher forfeited her opportunity by declining to schedule the mandatory personal appearance when she was selected in 1983.[59] She did attend the unveiling of the Sonny & Cher star in 1998 as a tribute to her recently deceased ex-husband, Sonny Bono.[60]

text: George Eastman is the only honoree with two stars in the same category for the same achievement, the invention of roll film.[61]

text: In 1977, country singer Loretta Lynn was the first of her genre to receive a star on the Walk of Fame.

text: Controversial additions[edit]

text: Charlie Chaplin is the only honoree to be selected twice for the same star on the Walk. He was unanimously voted into the initial group of 500 in 1956 but the Selection Committee ultimately excluded him, ostensibly due to questions regarding his morals (he had been charged with violating the Mann Act—and exonerated—during the White Slavery hysteria of the 1940s[62]), but more likely due to his left-leaning political views.[63] The rebuke prompted an unsuccessful lawsuit by his son, Charles Chaplin Jr. His star was finally added to the Walk in 1972, the same year he received his Academy Award;[24] but even then, 16 years later, the Chamber of Commerce received angry letters from across the country protesting its decision to include him.[64]

text: The committee's Chaplin difficulties reportedly contributed to its decision in 1978 against awarding a star to Paul Robeson, a controversial opera singer, actor, athlete, writer, lawyer, and social activist.[65] The resulting outcry from the entertainment industry, civic circles, local and national politicians, and many other quarters was so intense that the decision was reversed and Robeson was awarded a star in 1979.[66][67][68]

text: Following sexual assault allegations involving comedian Bill Cosby, actor Kevin Spacey and producer-director Brett Ratner, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce released a statement regarding inquiries as to the removal of stars:[69]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has received inquiries asking whether we are planning to remove the stars of Walk of Famers because of alleged misconduct. The answer is no...The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a registered historic landmark. Once a star has been added to the Walk, it is considered a part of the historic fabric of the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Because of this, we have never removed a star from the Walk.[69]

text: As of 2015, this has been the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce's only statement regarding the removal of stars.

text: Stars with the same name[edit]

text: Two pairs of stars share identical names representing different people. There are two Harrison Ford stars, honoring the silent film actor (at 6665 Hollywood Boulevard), and the present-day actor (in front of the Dolby Theatre at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard). Two Michael Jackson stars represent the singer/dancer/songwriter (at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard), and the radio personality (at 1597 Vine Street). When the recording artist Jackson died in 2009, fans mistakenly began leaving flowers, candles, and other tributes at the Vine Street star.[70] Upon learning of this, the radio host wrote on his website, "I am willingly loan[ing] it to him and, if it would bring him back, he can have it."[71]

text: The most common surname, with sixteen stars, is Williams: Andy Williams, Bill Williams, Billy Dee Williams, Cindy Williams, Earle Williams, Esther Williams, Guy Williams, Hank Williams, Joe Williams, Kathlyn Williams, Paul Williams, Pharrell Williams, Robin Williams, Roger Williams, Tex Williams and Vanessa Williams.[72] There are fourteen stars with the surname Moore, twelve with Jones, and seven with Smith.

text: The largest collection of stars honoring one group of blood relatives is the widely scattered set of seven representing the Barrymore family: John Barrymore, his brother Lionel (who has two), and sister Ethel, their uncle Sidney Drew, John's son John Drew Barrymore, and John Drew's daughter Drew Barrymore.

text: Bending the rules[edit]

text: Walk of Fame rules prohibit consideration of nominees whose contributions fall outside the five major entertainment categories, but the selection committee has been known to conjure some interesting rule interpretations to justify a selection. The Walk's four round Moon landing monuments at the corners of Hollywood and Vine, for example, officially recognize the Apollo 11 astronauts for "contributions to the television industry". Johnny Grant acknowledged, in 2005, that classifying the first Moon landing as a television entertainment event was "a bit of a stretch". Magic Johnson's considerable basketball skills had no direct connection to movies, music, TV, radio, or theater, but the committee added him to the motion picture category, based on his ownership of the Magic Johnson Theatre chain, citing as precedent Sid Grauman, builder of Grauman's (now TCL) Chinese Theatre. "[Now] people want Orville Redenbacher," Grant quipped in the 2005 interview, "because his popcorn is in all the theaters."[25]

text: Muhammad Ali's star was granted after the committee decided that boxing could be considered a form of "live performance". Its placement, on a wall of the Dolby Theatre, makes it the only star mounted on a vertical surface, acceding to Ali's request that his name not be walked upon.[73][74]

text: All living honorees have been required since 1968 to personally attend their star's unveiling, and approximately 40 have declined the honor due to this condition.[25] The only recipient to date who failed to appear after agreeing to do so was Barbra Streisand, in 1976. Her star was unveiled anyway, near the intersection of Hollywood and Highland.[75] Streisand did attend when her husband, James Brolin, unveiled his star in 1998 two blocks to the east.[76]

text: Unique and unusual[edit]

text: Fifteen stars are identified with a one-word stage name: Cantinflas, Houdini, Liberace, Mako, Meiklejohn, Paderewski, Parkyakarkus, Roseanne, RuPaul, Sabu, Shakira, Slash, Sting, Thalía, and Usher.

text: The largest group of individuals represented by a single star is the estimated 122 adults and 12 children[77] collectively known as the Munchkins, from the landmark 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.

text: Clayton Moore is so inextricably linked with his Lone Ranger character, even though he played other roles during his career, that he is one of only two actors to have his character's name alongside his own on his star. The other is Tommy Riggs, whose star reads, "Tommy Riggs & Betty Lou."[78]

text: For more than 40 years, singer Jimmy Boyd was the youngest star recipient at age 20, but he lost that distinction in 2004 to 18-year-old twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Their joint star (the only one shared by twins) is outside the Dolby Theatre, near the Hollywood and Highland Center.

text: The Westmores received the first star honoring contributions in theatrical make-up. Other make-up artists on the walk are Max Factor, John Chambers and Rick Baker. Three stars recognize experts in special effects: Ray Harryhausen, Dennis Muren, and Stan Winston. Only one costume designer has received a star, eight-time Academy Award winner Edith Head.

text: Sidney Sheldon is one of two novelists with a star, which he earned for writing screenplays such as The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer before turning to novels.[79] The other is Ray Bradbury, whose books and stories have formed the basis of dozens of movies and television programs over a nearly 60-year period.[80]

text: Ten inventors have stars on the Walk: George Eastman (as mentioned); Thomas Edison, inventor of the first true film projector and holder of numerous patents related to motion-picture technology; Lee de Forest, inventor of the vacuum tube, which made radio and TV possible, and Phonofilm, which made sound movies possible; Merian C. Cooper, co-inventor of the Cinerama process; Herbert Kalmus, inventor of Technicolor; Auguste and Louis Lumière, inventors of important components of the motion picture camera; Mark Serrurier, inventor of the technology used for film editing; Hedy Lamarr, co-inventor of a frequency-hopping radio guidance system that was a precursor to Wi-Fi networks and cellular telephone systems;[81] and Ray Dolby, co-developer of the video tape recorder and inventor of the Dolby noise reduction system.

text: A few star recipients moved on after their entertainment careers to political notability. Two US presidents, Ronald Reagan and Donald Trump, have stars on the Walk. Reagan is also one of two Governors of California with a star; the other is Arnold Schwarzenegger.[82] One U.S. senator (George Murphy) and two members of the U.S. House of Representatives (Helen Gahagan and Sonny Bono) have stars. Ignacy Paderewski, who served as Prime Minister of Poland between the World Wars, is the only European head of government represented. Film and stage actor Albert Dekker served one term in the California State Assembly during the 1940s,[83] which was notable for his outspoken public criticism of Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communism demagoguery, leading to his blacklisting.[84]

text: On its 50th anniversary in 2005, Disneyland received a star adjacent to the Walk of Fame near Disney's Soda Fountain on Hollywood Boulevard. While not technically part of the Hollywood Walk of Fame (a city ordinance prohibits putting corporate names on sidewalks), the star was installed adjacent to the Walk of Fame, and was thought of by Johnny Grant, the proverbial "Mayor of Hollywood." Roger Ebert said of the star "If you stop to think about what Disneyland has achieved and what a revolutionary idea it was to begin with, of course it deserve[s] a star." In lieu of the traditional icon indicating the specific achievement(s) of the honoree, Disneyland's star has an icon of Sleeping Beauty Castle, and a plaque beneath the star reading: "Award of Excellence Special achievement for 50 years of magical entertainment Hollywood Historic Trust July 14, 2005. Johnny Grant, Chairman."[85]

text: Fictional characters and their creators[edit]

text: In 1978, in honor of his 50th anniversary, Mickey Mouse became the first animated character to receive a star. Other animated recipients are Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Minnie Mouse, Woody Woodpecker, Snow White, Tinker Bell, Winnie the Pooh, Shrek, The Simpsons, the Rugrats, and Snoopy. The star inscribed Charlie Tuna honors not the animated advertising mascot, but Art Ferguson, the long-time radio personality and game show announcer.

text: Other fictional characters on the Walk include the Munchkins (as mentioned), two individual Muppets (Kermit the Frog and Big Bird) and the Muppets as a group, one monster (Godzilla), and three non-animated canine characters (Strongheart, Lassie, and Rin Tin Tin).

text: Ten stars recognize cartoonists and animators: Walt Disney, Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, Walter Lantz, Hanna–Barbera, Charles M. Schulz, Jay Ward, Dr. Seuss, Matt Groening and John Lasseter.[86] Two puppeteers have stars: Jim Henson and Shari Lewis, as does Fran Allison, who appeared with Burr Tillstrom's puppets on the TV show Kukla, Fran and Ollie.

text: Star locations[edit]

text: Locations of individual stars are not necessarily random or arbitrary. Stars of most legendary and world-famous celebrities—the so-called "show business royalty"—are found in front of TCL (formerly Grauman's) Chinese Theatre. Oscar-winners' stars are usually placed near the Dolby Theatre, site of the annual Academy Awards presentations. Decisions are occasionally made with a dollop of whimsy: Mike Myers's star, for example, lies in front of an adult store called the International Love Boutique, an association with his Austin Powers roles; Roger Moore's star is located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard in recognition of his seven James Bond 007 films; Ed O'Neill's star is located outside a shoe store in reference to his character's occupation on the TV show Married... with Children;[87] and the last star, at the very end of the westernmost portion of the Walk, belongs to The Dead End Kids.

text: Honorees may request a specific location for their star, although final decisions remain with the Chamber.[25] Jay Leno, for example, requested a spot near the corner of Hollywood Blvd. and Highland Ave. because he was twice picked up at that location by police for vagrancy (though never actually charged) shortly after his arrival in Hollywood.[88] George Carlin chose to have his star placed in front of the KDAY radio station near the corner of Sunset Blvd. and Vine St., where he first gained national recognition.[89] Carol Burnett explained her choice in her 1986 memoir: While working as an usherette at the historic Warner Brothers Theatre (now the Hollywood Pacific Theatre) during the 1951 run of Alfred Hitchcock's film Strangers on a Train, she took it upon herself to advise a couple arriving during the final few minutes of a showing to wait for the next showing, to avoid seeing (and spoiling) the ending. The theater manager fired her on the spot for "insubordination" and humiliated her by stripping the epaulets from her uniform in the theater lobby. Twenty-six years later, at her request, Burnett's star was placed at the corner of Hollywood and Wilcox—in front of the theater.[90]

text: Errors and mysteries[edit]

text: In 2010, Julia Louis-Dreyfus's star was constructed with the name "Julia Luis Dreyfus".[91] The actress was reportedly amused, and the error was corrected.[92] A similar mistake was made on Dick Van Dyke's star in 1993 ("Vandyke"), and rectified.[93]

text: Film and television actor Don Haggerty's star originally displayed the first name "Dan". The mistake was fixed, but years later the television actor Dan Haggerty (of Grizzly Adams fame, no relation to Don) also received a star. The confusion eventually sprouted an urban legend that Dan Haggerty was the only honoree to have a star removed from the Walk of Fame.[94][95]

text: For 28 years, the star intended to honor Mauritz Stiller, the Helsinki-born pioneer of Swedish film who brought Greta Garbo to the United States, read "Maurice Diller", possibly due to mistranscription of verbal dictation. The star was finally remade with the correct name in 1988.[96][97]

text: Three stars remain misspelled: opera diva Lotte Lehmann's first name is spelled "Lottie";[98] Cinerama co-inventor and King Kong creator, director, and producer Merian C. Cooper's first name is spelled "Meriam";[99][100] and cinematography pioneer Auguste Lumière's first name is listed as "August".[101]

text: Monty Woolley, the veteran film and stage actor best known for The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942) and the classic line "Time flies when you're having fun", is officially listed in the motion picture category,[102] but his star on the Walk of Fame bears the television emblem.[103] Woolley did appear on the small screen late in his career, but his TV contributions were eclipsed by his extensive stage, film, and radio work.[104][105][106] Similarly, the star of film actress Carmen Miranda bears the TV emblem,[107] although her official category is motion pictures.[108] Radio and television talk show host Larry King is officially a television honoree,[109] but his star displays a film camera.[110]

text: The Los Angeles Times, which documented and photographed the Walk as part of its Hollywood Star Walk project, reported that it could not find two stars, honoring Richard Crooks and the film career of Geraldine Farrar.[111][112][113] (Farrar's music star is located on the 1700 block of Vine Street.)

text: Theft and vandalism[edit]

text: Acts of vandalism occur on the Walk on a regular basis, ranging from profanity and political statements written on stars with markers to attempted removal of brass emblems with chisels.[114] Closed circuit surveillance cameras have been installed on the stretch of Hollywood Boulevard between La Brea Avenue and Vine Street in an effort to discourage mischievous activities.[115]

text: Four of the stars, which weigh about 300 pounds (140 kg) each, have been stolen from the Walk of Fame. In 2000, James Stewart's and Kirk Douglas's stars disappeared from their locations near the intersection of Hollywood and Vine, where they had been temporarily removed for a construction project. Police recovered them in the suburban community of South Gate when they arrested a man involved in an incident there and searched his house. The suspect was a construction worker employed on the Hollywood and Vine project. The stars had been badly damaged, and had to be remade. One of Gene Autry's five stars (it is not clear which one) was also stolen from a construction area. Johnny Grant later received an anonymous phone tip that the missing star was in Iowa, but it was never found. "Someday, it will end up on eBay," Grant once joked. The most brazen and ambitious theft occurred in 2005 when thieves used a concrete saw to remove Gregory Peck's star from its Hollywood Boulevard site at the intersection of North El Centro Avenue, near North Gower. The star was replaced almost immediately, but the original was never recovered and the perpetrators never caught.[116]

text: In late 2009, rumors circulated widely on media outlets and the Internet that John Lennon's star had been stolen, but it was merely being relocated farther south on Vine Street to an area near the circular Capitol Records Building, adjacent to the stars of bandmates George Harrison and Ringo Starr.[117] Paul McCartney's star was installed in the same location in 2012.[118]

text: Donald Trump's star—received as host of The Apprentice television series—was repeatedly defaced during the 2016 presidential campaign.[119][120][121] In late October, near the end of the race, a man named Jamie Otis (who claimed to be an heir to the Otis Elevator fortune) used a sledge hammer and a pickaxe to destroy all of the star's brass inlays. He readily admitted to the vandalism, which he described as "civil disobedience" and "freedom of expression", and told reporters that he originally planned to remove the entire star and auction it to raise money for the women who accused Trump of sexually assaulting them.[122] Otis was arrested three weeks after the incident, charged with one count of felony vandalism,[123] and sentenced to three years' probation plus $3400 in restitution payments.[124] The star itself was repaired, and has since been the site of pro-Trump demonstrations.[125]

text: Four Ladies of Hollywood[edit]

text: The Four Ladies of Hollywood gazebo[126]—known officially as the Hollywood and La Brea Gateway[127]—stands upon a small triangular island formed by the confluence of Hollywood Boulevard, Marshfield Way, and North La Brea Avenue at the westernmost extension of the Walk of Fame. It was commissioned in 1993 by the Los Angeles Community Redevelopment Agency Art Program and created by the architect, production designer, and film director Catherine Hardwicke as a tribute to the multi-ethnic women of Hollywood.[127] The gazebo is a stainless steel stylized Art Deco lattice structure. The roof is an arched square supporting a circular dome, which is topped by a central obelisk with descending neon block letters spelling "Hollywood" on each of its four sides. Atop the obelisk is a small gilded weathervane-style sculpture of Marilyn Monroe in her iconic billowing skirt pose from The Seven Year Itch.[128] The domed structure is held aloft by four caryatids sculpted by Harl West[127] to represent the African-American actress Dorothy Dandridge, Asian-American actress Anna May Wong, Mexican actress Dolores del Río, and the multi-ethnic, Brooklyn-born actress Mae West.[126]

text: The gazebo was dedicated on February 1, 1994, to a mixed reception. Los Angeles Times art critic Christopher Knight called it "the most depressingly awful work of public art in recent years", representing the opposite of Hardwicke's intended tribute to women. "Sex, as a woman's historic gateway to Hollywood", he wrote, "couldn't be more explicitly described".[129] Independent writer and film producer Gail Choice called it a fitting tribute to a group of pioneering and courageous women who "carried a tremendous burden on their feminine shoulders. Never in my wildest dreams did I believe I'd ever see women of color immortalized in such a creative and wonderful fashion."[130] Hardwicke contended that critics had missed the "humor and symbolism" of the structure, which "embraces and pokes fun at the glamour, the polished metallic male form of the Oscar, and the pastiche of styles and dreams that pervades Tinseltown."[131]

text: Nomination process[edit]

text: Each year an average of 200 nominations are submitted to the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce Walk of Fame Selection Committee. Anyone, including fans, can nominate anyone active in the field of entertainment as long as the nominee or his or her management approves the nomination (a letter of agreement from the nominated celebrity or representative must accompany the application). Nominees must have a minimum of five years' experience in the category for which they are nominated and a history of "charitable contributions".[73] Posthumous nominees must have been deceased at least five years. At a meeting each June, the committee selects approximately 20 celebrities to receive stars on the Walk of Fame during the following year. One posthumous award is given each year as well. The nominations of those not selected are rolled over to the following year for reconsideration; those not selected two years in a row are dropped, and must be renominated to receive further consideration. Living recipients must agree to personally attend a presentation ceremony within five years of selection. A relative of deceased recipients must attend posthumous presentations. Presentation ceremonies are open to the public.[4]

text: A fee of $40,000 (as of 2018[update]),[37] payable at time of selection, is collected to pay for the creation and installation of the star, as well as general maintenance of the Walk of Fame. The fee is usually paid by the nominating organization, which may be a fan club, or a film studio, record company, broadcaster, or other sponsor involved with the prospective honoree.[21][132] The Starz cable network, for example, paid for Dennis Hopper's star as part of the promotion for its series Crash. It was unveiled in March 2010 shortly before Hopper's death.[21][133]

text: Numerous major entertainment figures and legendary show business acts are not included on the Walk of Fame for a variety of reasons. Some, such as Julia Roberts[25][134] and Clint Eastwood,[134] have declined to participate; nominations cannot proceed without the nominee's consent. Others, such as George Clooney and John Denver,[135] were nominated, but would not agree to the mandatory personal appearance at the unveiling ceremony; however, Denver received a posthumous star in late 2014.[136] Others have simply never been nominated, or do not have a nominator willing or able to pay the selection fee, or have less than the required five years' minimum involvement in their designated field. Others are merely victims of selection constraints and probability; only about 10% of nominees are selected each year.

text: Traditionally, the identities of selection committee members, other than its chairman, have not been made public in order to minimize conflicts of interest and to discourage lobbying by celebrities and their representatives (a significant problem during the original selections in the late 1950s). However, in 1999, in response to intensifying charges of secrecy in the selection process, the Chamber disclosed the members' names: Johnny Grant, the longtime chair and representative of the television category; Earl Lestz, president of Paramount Studio Group (motion pictures); Stan Spero, retired manager with broadcast stations KMPC and KABC (radio); Kate Nelson, owner of the Palace Theatre (live performance); and Mary Lou Dudas, vice president of A&M Records (recording industry).[137] Since that 1999 announcement the Chamber has revealed only that Lestz (who received his own star in 2004) became chairman after Grant died in 2008. Their current official position is that "each of the five categories is represented by someone with expertise in that field".[4]

text: In 2010, Lestz was replaced as chairman by John Pavlik, former Director of Communications for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[138] While no public announcement was made to that effect, he was identified as chairman in the Chamber's press release announcing the 2011 star recipients.[139] The current chair, according to the Chamber's 2016 selection announcement, is film producer Maureen Schultz.[140]

text: Homage[edit]

text: Some fans show respect for star recipients both living and dead by laying flowers or other symbolic tributes at their stars.[141] Others show their support in other ways; the star awarded to Julio Iglesias, for example, is kept in "pristine condition [by] a devoted band of elderly women [who] scrub and polish it once a month".[141]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has adopted the tradition of placing flower wreaths at the stars of newly deceased awardees; for example Bette Davis in 1989,[142] Katharine Hepburn in 2003, and Jackie Cooper in 2011.[143] The stars of other deceased celebrities, such as Elizabeth Taylor,[144] Richard Pryor,[145] Ricardo Montalbán, James Doohan, Frank Sinatra,[146][147] Robin Williams,[148] Joan Rivers and George Harrison[149] have become impromptu memorial and vigil sites as well, and some continue to receive anniversary remembrances.


document_title: Moana (2016 film)

question_text: who plays the voice of moana's father

question_tokens: who plays the voice of moana 's father

root

text: Moana (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On the Polynesian island of Motunui, the inhabitants worship the goddess Te Fiti, who brought life to the ocean, using a pounamu stone as her heart and the source of her power. Maui, the shapeshifting demigod and master of sailing, steals the heart to give humanity the power of creation. However, Te Fiti disintegrates, and Maui is attacked by Te Kā, a volcanic demon, losing both his magical giant fishhook and the heart to the depths.

tag: p

text: A millennium later, Moana, daughter of Motunui's chief Tui, is chosen by the ocean to return the heart to Te Fiti. However, Tui arrives and takes Moana away, causing her to lose the heart. Tui and Moana's mother Sina try to keep her away from the ocean to prepare her for ascension as the island's chief. Years later, a blight strikes the island, rotting the coconuts and dwindling the number of fish caught. Moana suggests going beyond the island's reef to find more fish, but Tui forbids it. Moana tries conquering the reef but is overpowered by the tides and shipwrecked back on Motunui.

text: Moana's grandmother Tala shows her a secret cave, where a number of ships are hidden, revealing to Moana that their people used to be voyagers. Tala explains they stopped when Maui stole Te Fiti's heart and that Te Kā's darkness is poisoning the island, but it can be cured if Moana finds Maui and makes him restore the heart of Te Fiti, which she gives to Moana. Tala falls ill shortly after and dies.

text: Moana sets sail on a camakau found in the cavern. She is caught in a typhoon and shipwrecked on an island where she finds the stranded Maui, who traps her and steals the camakau, but Moana catches up to him with help from the ocean. She demands that Maui return the heart but he refuses. Maui is accompanied by a sentient "Mini-Maui" tattoo, acting as his conscience.

text: They are attacked by Kakamora — coconut-armored pirates — who seek the heart, but Moana and Maui outwit them. Moana realizes Maui is no longer a hero, and convinces him to redeem himself by returning the heart. Maui first needs to obtain his magical fishhook, which is located in Lalotai, the Realm of Monsters, and is in the possession of Tamatoa, a giant, greedy coconut crab. Maui retrieves his fishhook while Moana distracts Tamatoa, but Maui discovers he cannot control his shapeshifting and loses self-confidence, quickly becoming overpowered by Tamatoa. Moana's quick thinking allows them to escape with the hook. Maui reveals that his first tattoo was earned when his mortal parents rejected him. After reassurance from Moana, Maui teaches her the art of sailing and regains control of his powers.

text: The two arrive at Te Fiti's island, only to be attacked by Te Kā, who badly damages Maui's fishhook. Fearful he will lose his hook, and therefore his power, Maui angrily abandons Moana, who tearfully asks the ocean to find someone else to restore the heart. The ocean obliges and takes the heart from Moana. Tala's spirit appears, inspiring Moana to find her true calling. She retrieves the heart and sails back to confront Te Kā. Maui returns, having had a change of heart, and buys Moana time to reach Te Fiti by fighting Te Kā, destroying his fishhook in the process. Moana discovers Te Fiti is missing, and realizes Te Kā is Te Fiti without her heart. Moana tells the ocean to clear a path, allowing her to restore Te Fiti's heart, transforming her back to normal. Te Fiti then heals the ocean and islands of the blight. Maui apologizes to Te Fiti, who restores his fishhook and falls into a deep sleep.

text: Moana bids farewell to Maui, returning home where she reunites with her parents. She takes up her role as chief and wayfinder, leading her people on a voyage.

text: Voice Cast[edit]

text:
Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana, the 16-year-old daughter of village chief Tui and Sina, who is chosen by the ocean to restore the heart of Te Fiti

Cravalho reprised her role in the Hawaiian-language version of the movie.[5]
Louise Bush as a younger Moana

Dwayne Johnson as Maui, a legendary shapeshifting demigod who sets off with Moana on her journey
Rachel House as Tala, Moana's grandmother. Like Moana, Tala shares a passion for the ocean

House reprised her role in the Māori-language version of the movie.[6][7]

Temuera Morrison as Tui, Moana's overprotective father, who is Tala's son, chief of Motunui Island

Morrison reprised his role in the Māori-language version of the movie.[6][7]
Christopher Jackson as Tui's singing voice

Jemaine Clement as Tamatoa, a giant treasure-hoarding coconut crab from Lalotai, the Realm of Monsters

Clement reprised his role in the Māori-language version of the movie.[6][7]

Nicole Scherzinger as Sina, Moana's mother and Tui's wife

Scherzinger also reprised her role in the Hawaiian-language version of the movie.[8]

Alan Tudyk as Heihei, Moana's pet rooster

Tudyk also voices Villager No. 3, who suggests cooking Heihei

Oscar Kightley as a fisherman
Troy Polamalu as Villager No. 1
Puanani Cravalho (Auliʻi's mother) as Villager No. 2

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After directing The Princess and the Frog (2009), Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort,[9] but problems with acquiring the necessary film rights prevented them from continuing with that project. To avoid a recurrence of that issue, they pitched three original ideas.[10] The genesis of one of those ideas (the one that was ultimately green-lighted) occurred in 2011, when Musker began reading up on Polynesian mythology, and learned of the heroic exploits of the demigod Māui. Intrigued with the rich culture of Polynesia, he felt it would be a suitable subject for an animated film. Shortly thereafter, Musker and Clements wrote a treatment and pitched it to John Lasseter, who recommended that both of them should go on research trips.[11][12] Accordingly, in 2012, Clements and Musker went on research trips to Fiji, Samoa, and Tahiti to meet the people of the South Pacific Ocean and learn about their culture.[13] At first, they had planned to make the film entirely about Maui, but their initial research trips inspired Clements to pitch a new idea focused on the young daughter of a chief.[14]

text: Clements and Musker were fascinated to learn during their research that the people of Polynesia abruptly stopped making long-distance voyages about three thousand years ago. Their navigational traditions predated those of European explorers, beginning around 300 CE.[15] Native people of the Pacific possessed knowledge of the world and their place in it prior to the incursion of foreigners. For example, Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians) were well aware of the existence of far away islands, had names for these places, and were interested in exploring them to benefit their societies.[15] This voyaging heritage was made possible by a geographical knowledge system based on individual perspective rather than the European cardinal direction system.[15] The reasons for the halt of this voyaging tradition remain unknown, but scholars have offered climate change and resulting shifts in ocean currents and wind patterns as one possible explanation.[15] Native peoples of the Pacific resumed voyaging again a thousand years later. Clements and Musker set the film at the end of that era, about two thousand years ago, on a fictional island in the central Pacific Ocean, which drew inspiration from elements of the real-life island nations of Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga.[16]

text: Over the five years it took to develop and produce the film, Clements and Musker recruited experts from across the South Pacific to form an Oceanic Story Trust, who consulted on the film's cultural accuracy and sensitivity as the story evolved through nine versions.[17] The Trust responded negatively, for example, to a depiction of Maui as bald, and to a proposed scene in which Moana threw a tantrum by throwing coconuts. In response, Maui was reworked with long hair and the coconut scene was scrapped.[14]

text: Te Kā was referred to in early drafts of the film as Te Pō,[18] a reference to the Māori goddess Hine-nui-te-pō, who was originally the life-giving goddess Hine-tītama, but became the goddess of death upon discovering that her husband the god Tāne was also her father.[19] Māui set out to defeat her in order to bring immortality to humans, but failed and was himself killed.[20]

text: During the 2015 D23 Expo's panel for Disney's slate of upcoming animated films, Moana's last name was given as "Waialiki", but that name was not retained in the final film.[21]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Taika Waititi wrote the initial screenplay.[22] The first draft focused on Moana as the sole daughter in a family with "five or six brothers",[23] in which gender played into the story. However, the brothers and gender-based theme were deleted from the story, as the directors thought Moana's journey should be about finding herself.[12] A subsequent draft presented Moana's father as the one who wanted to resume navigation, but it was rewritten to have him oppose navigation so he would not overshadow Moana.[12] Instead, Pamela Ribon came up with the idea of a grandmother character for the film,[24] who would serve as a mentor linking Moana to ancient traditions.[23] Another version focused on Moana rescuing her father, who had been lost at sea.[25] The film's story changed drastically during the development phase (which happens with most Disney films), and that idea ultimately survived only as a subtle element of the father's backstory.[25] Aaron and Jordan Kandell joined the project during a critical period to help deepen the emotional story architecture of the film. They are credited with developing the core relationship between Moana and Maui, the prologue, the Cave of the Wayfinders, the Kakamora, and the collector crab Tamatoa (played by Jemaine Clement).[26] Jared Bush received sole credit as the writer of the final version of the screenplay.

text: Like most Disney and Pixar animated films, several major story problems were identified in 2015 only after the film had already transitioned from development into production, but computer-generated films tend to have much shorter production schedules and much larger animation teams (in this case, about 90 animators) than traditionally animated films.[25] Since Clements and Musker were already working 12-hour days (and Saturdays) directing such a large team of animators, Don Hall and Chris Williams (who had just finished directing Big Hero 6) came on board as co-directors to help fix the film's story issues.[25] The scene in which Maui and Moana encounter the Kakamora is an intentional homage to Mad Max: Fury Road.[25]

text: Casting[edit]

text: After the filmmakers sat through auditions of hundreds of candidates from across the Pacific,[13] 14-year-old high school freshman Auliʻi Cravalho was cast as the lead character Moana.[27][28] At that point in time, the design of Moana's face and personality was already complete, and Cravalho's obvious physical resemblance to her character was simply a coincidence.[29] During animation production, Disney animators were able to integrate some of Cravalho's mannerisms into Moana's behavior as depicted onscreen.[29]

text: The majority of the film's cast members are of Polynesian descent: Auliʻi Cravalho (Moana) and Nicole Scherzinger (Sina, Moana's mother) were born in Hawaii and are of Native Hawaiian heritage; Dwayne Johnson (Maui), Oscar Kightley (Fisherman), and Troy Polamalu (Villager No. 1) are of Samoan heritage; and New Zealand–born Rachel House (Tala, Moana's grandmother), Temuera Morrison (Tui, Moana's father), and Jemaine Clement (Tamatoa) are of Māori heritage.

text: Animation[edit]

text: Moana is Clements and Musker's first fully computer-animated film.[13][30] One of the reasons for using computer animation was that the environment, including the ocean, benefited much more from the use of CGI as opposed to traditional animation.[31] The filmmakers have also suggested that three-dimensional computer animation is well-suited to the "beautiful sculpturing" of the faces of the people of the South Pacific.[32] Eric Goldberg worked on the hand-drawn animation used to depict Maui's sentient tattoos.[33][34] During early development, the filmmakers considered the possibility of making the film with hand-drawn traditional animation, but only a few early animation tests were made in that style. In the final cut, only Maui's tattoos are hand-drawn.[35]

text: Moana was produced in makeshift quarters in a giant warehouse in North Hollywood (together with Zootopia), while Disney Animation's headquarters building in Burbank was being renovated. Musker observed that Moana was similar in that respect to The Little Mermaid, which was produced in a warehouse in Glendale. Production wrapped on October 20, 2016.[36]

text: Music and soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 18, 2016. The songs were written by Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, and Lin-Manuel Miranda, while the score was written by Mancina.[37][38] The lyrics are in English, Samoan, and the Tokelauan language.[39] The soundtrack peaked at number two on the Billboard 200.[40]

text: Localization[edit]

text: In many European countries, the name of the titular character, Moana, was changed to Vaiana due to a trademark conflict. The film was released in those countries to bear the alternative name in the title.[41] In Italy, the film was released with the title Oceania.[42] Media outlets speculated that the name change was to avoid confusion with Italian pornographic actress Moana Pozzi,[43][44] and Disney Italy's head of theatrical marketing, Davide Romani, acknowledged they were "thinking about the issue" at a meeting of Italian exhibitors in 2015.[44]

text: Following the success brought by international productions of Disney's Frozen, which led to the release of a complete set album which included all the official versions of Let it go released at the time,[45] Disney decided to produce a special Tahitian dubbing for the movie. On October 25, 2016, at a press conference in Papeete, it was announced that the film will be the first motion picture to be fully dubbed in the Tahitian language.[46] This marks the third time Disney has released a special dubbing dedicated to the culture which inspired the film: the first case was The Lion King (1994), for which the directors travelled to South Africa to cast voice actors for a Zulu-dubbed version;[47] and the second case was Mulan (1998), which was the first Disney film to have a Mandarin Chinese dubbing made in China, separate from and independent of the version released in Taiwan.[48] In June 2017, a Māori-language dubbing of the movie was announced,[49] premiering in Auckland on September 11, with 30 theatres screening it for free as part of Māori Language Week.[50] Rachel House, Jemaine Clement, Temuera Morrison and Oscar Kightley reprised their respective roles in this version, directed by Rachel House herself.[51][52] In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be under way, with Auliʻi Cravalho reprising her role as Moana.[5] The movie is to premier on June 10, 2018.[53]

text:
[show]"Moana" worldwide

Language
Title
Translation

Arabic
موانا (Moana)

Bengali
মোয়ানা (Moana)

Brazilian Portuguese
Moana: Um mar de aventuras
Moana: A seaful of adventures

Bulgarian
Смелата Ваяна (Smelata Vayana)
Brave Vaiana

Canadian French
Moana

Cantonese Chinese
魔海奇缘
Romance of the demon of the ocean

Castilian Spanish
Vaiana

Catalan
Vaiana

Croatian
Vaiana: Potraga za mitskim otokom
Vaiana: Quest for an island of myth

Czech
Odvážná Vaiana: Legenda o konci světa
Brave Vaiana: The legend of the end of the world

Danish
Vaiana

Dutch
Vaiana

Estonian
Vaiana

European French
Vaiana, la Légende du bout du monde
Vaiana, the legend from down below

European Portuguese
Vaiana

Finnish
Vaiana

Flemish
Vaiana

German
Vaiana – Das Paradies hat einen Haken
Vaiana – Paradise has a hook

Greek
Βαϊάνα (Vaiana)

Hawaiian
Moana

Hebrew
מואנה (Moana)

Hindi
मोआना (Moana)

Hungarian
Vaiana

Icelandic
Vaiana

Italian
Oceania

Japanese
モアナと伝説の海 (Moana to densetsu no umi)
Moana and the sea of legend

Kazakh
Моана (Moana)

Korean
모아나 (Moana)

Latin American Spanish
Moana: Un mar de aventuras
Moana: A seaful of adventures

Latvian
Vaiana

Lithuanian
Vaiana

Mandarin Chinese (China)
海洋奇缘 (Hǎiyáng qí yuán)
The romance of the ocean

Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan)
海洋奇缘 (Hǎiyáng qí yuán)
The romance of the ocean

Māori
Moana

Norwegian
Vaiana

Polish
Vaiana: Skarb oceanu
Vaiana: Treasure ocean

Romanian
Vaiana

Russian
Моана (Moana)

Serbian
Вајана (Vaiana)

Slovak
Vaiana

Slovene
Vaiana

Swedish
Vaiana

Tamil
மோனா (Moana)

Tahitian
Moana

Thai
ผจญภัยตำนานหมู่เกาะทะเลใต้ (P̄hcỵ p̣hạy tảnān h̄mū̀ keāa thale tı̂)
Adventure on the islands of the legendary southern sea

Turkish
Moana

Ukrainian
Ваяна (Vayana)

Vietnamese
Hành trình của Moana
Moana’s journey

tag: table

text: Release[edit]

text: On October 20, 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that it would be releasing the film in late 2016,[54] and hinted that it might be the November 23, 2016 release window previously announced by the studio in March 2014 for a then-untitled film.[55] In November 2014, Disney confirmed that it would be releasing the film on November 23, 2016.[56] The film is accompanied by the short film, Inner Workings.[57] The film's world premiere was held at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 14, 2016.[58]

text: On January 27, 2017, a sing-along version of Moana was released in more than 2,000 theaters in the United States, featuring on-screen lyrics.[59]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On October 15, 2016, Hawaiian Airlines unveiled their Moana-themed livery for three of their Airbus A330-200 fleet.[60]

text: There are currently meet-and-greets with Moana at Disneyland, Walt Disney World, Disneyland Paris, and at Aulani, a Disney Resort and Spa. At Hong Kong Disneyland, there will be a stage show called Moana's Village Festival, which is scheduled to open in 2018.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Moana was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD in the United States on March 7, 2017, with a digital release on February 21, 2017. The releases include the short film, Inner Workings. The Blu-ray release also introduces a short film featuring Maui and Moana, titled Gone Fishing.[61] The film is also available for streaming on Netflix.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Moana grossed $248.7 million in the U.S. and Canada, and $394.5 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $643.3 million.[3] On January 22 and March 16, 2017, respectively, the film reached the $500 million and $600 million marks, becoming the fourth consecutive Walt Disney Animation Studios film to reach both milestones after Frozen (2013), Big Hero 6 (2014), and Zootopia (2016).[62][63] Although Disney has not disclosed the film's production budget, most of its animated films cost around $150 million.[64][65] Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $121.3 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the 12th most profitable release of 2016.[1]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the United States, Moana was released during the Thanksgiving weekend. The film played in 3,875 theaters of which a majority of them (80%) screened it in 3D. It also played in 50 premium large format screens and more than 400 D-Box screens. It was projected to take in around $50 million in three days, with $75–85 million in five days (some estimates going as high as $90 million).[66][67][68] Deadline.com said the numbers were good for the original Disney film and marked a great rebound for the company in the wake of Pixar's The Good Dinosaur the previous year, which had made $55 million over five days off a production budget of $175–200 million.[69]

text: Moana made $2.6 million from Tuesday paid previews which began at 7 pm, the highest ever for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film and for a non-Pixar Disney animated film.[70] On its opening day, it made $15.5 million, a new record for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film opening on Wednesday (breaking Frozen's record) and the biggest opening day ever for a film released on pre-Thanksgiving Day.[71] On Thanksgiving Day, it earned $9.9 million, a decrease of 36% from its previous day. On Black Friday—the highest-grossing day of the Thanksgiving stretch—it made $21.8 million, a 127% increase from the day before.[72] Through Sunday, the film posted a three-day opening weekend worth $56.6 million over its Friday-to-Sunday debut and $82.1 million from Wednesday to Sunday, the third biggest three-day Thanksgiving opening[73] (behind Frozen and Toy Story 2) and the second biggest five-day Thanksgiving opening[74] (behind Frozen), dethroning Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them off the top spot. Among all films that did not necessarily open in this weekend but may have played, Moana ranks sixth among three-day[75] weekends and fifth among five-day weekends.[76]

text: The film's opening was considered to be another animated success for the studio after Zootopia and Pixar's Finding Dory posted huge openings, respectively, the same year in March and June.[77]

text: In its second weekend, the film dropped by about 50% for a total of $28.3 million, a smaller drop than Toy Story 2, Frozen, Tangled, and The Good Dinosaur.[78][79] The film managed to top the box office for its third weekend, despite competition from newcomers and holdovers, earning $18.5 million while falling by 34%. It became the sixth film of 2016 to top the box office three times, following Deadpool, Zootopia, The Jungle Book, Finding Dory, and Suicide Squad.[80] The film was overtaken by Disney's own Rogue One: A Star Wars Story in its fourth weekend, despite only a marginal decline.[81]

text: It fell to number six in its fifth weekend, due to competition from four new releases—Sing, Passengers, Why Him?, and Assassin's Creed—despite a small drop again; it grossed $2.9 million on Christmas Day.[82] On the holiday week of December 23–29, the film finished at number four with a gross of $26 million, which was 14% up from the previous week, despite losing over 300 theaters.[83] It finished at number four in its sixth weekend, going up 42% and 97%, respectively, during the three-day[84] and four-day weekends;[85] it grossed $3.6 million on New Year's Day.

text: It fell outside the top ten in its eighth weekend (which included Martin Luther King Jr. Day), dropping 33% and 4% respectively, during the three-day[86] and four-day weekends.[87]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, the film earned $17.2 million in its first weekend from 12 markets, the bulk of which came from China. In its second weekend, the film expanded to a total of 30 markets, adding an additional $33.7 million.[88]

text: In China, the film had a November 25 opening day[89] with $1.9 million from 38,000 screenings. However, it enjoyed a big weekend bump on Saturday—even though its screens dipped—and Sunday.[90] In total, it scored an opening weekend of $17.2 million, the second best for a Disney animated title, behind only Zootopia. It was No. 2 behind Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Strong social media numbers showed among the highest the studio has seen there. Similar to how Zootopia started off slow and later became a blockbuster phenomenon.[91] The film slipped 55% in its second weekend, earning $5.8 million, and $21.8 in total in China.[92] It would eventually earn a total of $32.7 million in China.[89]

text: It had similar successful number-one debuts in France, Russia, Mexico and Spain. The film also saw success in Belgium, the Netherlands and French-speaking Switzerland.[88] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the film faced competition from Fantastic Beasts—which was playing in its third weekend—and as a result, it posted a low opening of only £2.2 million ($2.8 million).[93]

text: The biggest earning markets to date have been Japan ($45.9 million), followed by France ($35.5 million), China ($32.8 million), the UK ($25.3 million), Brazil ($22.9 million), Australia ($19 million), Germany ($17 million), Italy ($15.9 million), and South Korea ($15.5 million).[94]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Moana holds an approval rating of 96% based on 245 reviews, and an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "With a title character as three-dimensional as its lush animation and a story that adds fresh depth to Disney's time-tested formula, Moana is truly a family-friendly adventure for the ages."[95] Subsequently, the film is also listed as number 11 on the website's "50 Best Computer Animated Movies" list.[96] On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[97] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on a scale ranging from A+ to F, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave an 89% overall positive score and a 71% "definite recommend".[70]

text: Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal proclaimed that "Moana is beautiful in more ways than I can tell, thanks to the brilliance of more animators than I could count."[98] Animator Eric Goldberg received praise from critics and audiences for his hand-drawn animation of Maui's tattoos, which they claimed "stole the show" from the actual CGI-animated motion picture.[99][100][101] Wai Chee Dimock, writing in the Los Angeles Review of Books, compared the ocean in Moana to the one in "The Water Baby", a short story by Jack London, saying that both are animated: one, by the tension between digital and analog animation, and the other, by the tension between an encroaching future and a past in retreat still capable of pushing back.[102]

text: Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com gave the film three and a half out of four stars, stating that "Moana would have been enormously entertaining regardless of when it came out, but its arrival at this particular moment in history gives it an added sense of significance—as well as inspiration."[103] Peter Debruge of Variety praised the film, calling it "a return to the heights of the Disney Renaissance".[104]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Disney has been accused of appropriating Polynesian mythology and culture. Through the film, the corporation has been claimed to perpetuate settler colonialist practices of exploitation and erasure by utilizing the knowledge and narratives of native peoples to spur a profitable capitalist enterprise of music, celebrities and merchandise.[105] A Maui "skin suit" costume made to tie in with the film was pulled by Disney from its online store following complaints about it being culturally insensitive[106] and for appearing to promote brownface.[107]

text: The film takes specific cultural elements from a variety of native Pacific groups and incorporates them into one generalized portrayal of Polynesian culture. This conglomeration of cultures has been regarded as degrading to the diversity of the Pacific, falsely reducing all of Polynesia to a single cultural entity.[105]

text: The film has also been criticized as a tourism advertisement for the Pacific. It has been accused of fetishizing Polynesian island nations as exotic vacation spots, the people and culture of which exist only to entertain foreign audiences.[105] Disney initiating a partnership with Hawaiian Airlines[108] to promote the film has been perceived as having this particular motive, as well as Auliʻi Cravalho speaking with The New York Times in an interview sharing travel tips for visitors to Hawaii.[109] Critiques of these promotional tactics focus on how adverse effects of tourism have devastated native communities in the Pacific, resulting in environmental degradation and poverty.[110]

text: Colin Philp, an educator on Polynesian history, noted that the sailing canoe used by the film's protagonists is believed to be a Fijian camakau, and that the film's concept artists based it on one of the canoes they saw when they visited the Korova settlement in Laucala. Philp said that using that design without permission of the Korova community could be viewed as a violation of the intellectual property rights of their elders.[111]

text: Brigham Young University–Hawaii sociocultural anthropologist Tēvita 'Ō. Ka'ili stated that "despite its important girl-power message, the film had a major flaw. It lacked symmetry by its omission of a heroic goddess. Disney resorted to reducing the mighty god Maui to a one-dimensional, selfish, borderline abusive, buffoon to foreground the strength of the movie's protagonist Moana." He went on to explain that, "the omission of a goddess-heroine is significant because Polynesia is a culture with a vast pantheon of powerful heroic goddesses. Hina, a companion goddess to the god Maui, was nowhere to be found in Disney's imagineering of Moana."[112]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Maui's Fish Hook, an item featured on Moana, makes an appearance in the seventh season of ABC's Once Upon a Time as an enchanted talisman, establishing that the film's history exists in its universe.[113]


document_title: Transatlantic communications cable

question_text: when was the first transatlantic telephone cable service opened

text: Transatlantic communications cable

text: History[edit]

text: When the first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid in 1858 by businessman Cyrus West Field, it operated for only three weeks; subsequent attempts in 1865 and 1866 were more successful.[1]  Although a telephone cable was discussed starting in the 1920s[citation needed], to be practical it needed a number of technological advances which did not arrive until the 1940s[citation needed]. Starting in 1927, transatlantic telephone service was radio-based.[2]

text: TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. 1) was the first transatlantic telephone cable system. It was laid between Gallanach Bay, near Oban, Scotland and Clarenville, Newfoundland between 1955 and 1956 by the cable ship Monarch.[3] It was inaugurated on September 25, 1956, initially carrying 36 telephone channels. In the first 24 hours of public service there were 588 London–U.S. calls and 119 from London to Canada. The capacity of the cable was soon increased to 48 channels. Later, an additional three channels were added by use of C Carrier equipment. Time-assignment speech interpolation (TASI) was implemented on the TAT-1 cable in June 1960 and effectively increased the cable's capacity from 37 (out of 51 available channels) to 72 speech circuits. TAT-1 was finally retired in 1978. Later coaxial cables, installed through the 1970s, used transistors and had higher bandwidth. The Moscow–Washington hotline was initially connected through this system.

text: Current technology[edit]

text: All cables presently in service use fiber optic technology. Many cables terminate in Newfoundland and Ireland, which lie on the great circle route (the shortest route) from London, UK to New York City, USA.

text: There have been a succession of newer transatlantic cable systems. All recent systems have used fiber optic transmission, and a self-healing ring topology.  Late in the 20th century, communications satellites lost most of their North Atlantic telephone traffic to these low cost, high capacity, low latency cables.  This advantage only increases over time as tighter cables provide higher speed – the 2012 generation of cables drop the transatlantic latency to under 60 milliseconds, according to Hibernia Atlantic, deploying such a cable that year.[4][5]

text: Some new cables are being announced on the South Atlantic: SACS (South Atlantic Cable System)[6] and SAex(South Atlantic Express) [7]

text: TAT cable routes[edit]

text: The TAT series of cables constitute a large percentage of all North Atlantic cables. All TAT cables are joint ventures between a number of telecommunications companies, e.g. British Telecom. CANTAT cables terminate in Canada rather than in the USA.

text:
Name
In service
Type
Initial channels
Final channels
Western end
Eastern end

TAT-1
1956–1978
Galvanic
36
51
Newfoundland
Scotland

TAT-2
1959–1982
Galvanic
48
72
Newfoundland
France

TAT-3
1963–1986
Galvanic
138
276
New Jersey
England

TAT-4
1965–1987
Galvanic
138
345
New Jersey
France

TAT-5
1970–1993
Galvanic
845
2,112
Rhode Island
Spain

TAT-6
1976–1994
Galvanic
4,000
10,000
Rhode Island
France

TAT-7
1978–1994
Galvanic
4,000
10,500
New Jersey
England

TAT-8
1988–2002
Fiber-optic
40,000
–
New Jersey
England, France

TAT-9
1992–2004
Fiber-optic
80,000
–
New Jersey, Nova Scotia
Spain, France, England

TAT-10
1992–2003
Fiber-optic
2 × 565 Mbit/s
–
USA
Germany, Netherlands

TAT-11
1993–2003
Fiber-optic
2 × 565 Mbit/s
–
New Jersey
France

TAT-12/13
1996–2008
Fiber-optic
12 × 2.5 Gbit/s
–
USA × 2
England, France

TAT-14
2001–
Fiber-optic
3.2 Tbit/s
–
New Jersey × 2
England, France, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark

CANTAT-1
1961–1986
Galvanic
80
–
Newfoundland
England

CANTAT-2
1974–1992
Galvanic
1,840
–
Nova Scotia
England

CANTAT-3
1994–2010
Fiber-optic
2 × 2.5 Gbit/s

Nova Scotia
Iceland, Faroe Islands, England, Denmark, Germany

PTAT-1
1989–2004
Fiber-optic
3 × 140 Mbit/s?

New Jersey & Bermuda
Ireland & England

text: Private cable routes[edit]

text: There are a number of private non-TAT cables.

text:
Cable name

Ready for service

Cable length (km)

Nominal capacity

Latency (ms)

Landing points

Owner

Gemini (decommissioned)

May 1998

under 100 ms

north: Charlestown, US-RI; Oxwich Bay, GB-WLS; south: Manasquan, US-NJ; Porthcurno, GB-ENG

Vodafone (originally Cable & Wireless)

AC-1

May 1998

14,301 km

120 Gbit/s

65 ms[5]

Brookhaven, US-NY; Whitesands Bay, GB-ENG; Beverwijk, NL-NH; Sylt, DE-SH

Level 3 Communications (originally Global Crossing)

Columbus III

December 1999

9,833 km

Hollywood, US-FL; Ponta Delgada (Azores), PT; Carcavelos, PT; Conil de la Frontera, ES-AN; Mazara del Vallo (Sicily), IT

various telecom operators

Yellow/AC-2

September 2000

7,001 km

640 Gbit/s

under 100 ms

Bellport, US-NY; Bude, GB-ENG

Level 3 Communications

Hibernia Atlantic

April 2001

12,200 km

320 Gbit/s, upgraded to 10.16 Tbit/s[8]

59 ms[5]

Lynn, US-MA; Herring Cove, CA-NS; Dublin, IE-L; Southport, GB-ENG; Coleraine, GB-NIR

GTT Communications, Inc. (originally Hibernia Networks)

FLAG Atlantic

June 2001

14,500 km

under 100 ms

Island Park, US-NY; Plerin, FR-BRE; Skewjack, GB-ENG; Northport, US-NY

Global Cloud Xchange (Reliance Communications)

Tata TGN-Atlantic

June 2001

13,000 km

5.1 Tbit/s

under 100 ms

Wall Township, US-NJ; Highbridge, GB-ENG

Sold by Tyco to Tata Communications in 2005

Apollo

February 2003

13,000 km

3.2 Tbit/s

under 100 ms

Manasquan, New Jersey, US-NJ; Lannion, FR-BRE; Bude, GB-ENG; Shirley, US-NY

Vodafone (originally Cable & Wireless)[9]

Greenland Connect

March 2009

4,780 km

Milton, CA-NL; Aasiaat, GL-QA; Sisimiut, GL-QE; Maniitsoq, GL-QE; Nuuk, GL-SM; Qaqortoq, GL-KU; Landeyjar, IS

TELE Greenland

Hibernia Express

September 2015

4,600 km

Halifax, CA-NS; Cork, IE-M; Brean, GB-ENG

GTT Communications, Inc. (originally Hibernia Networks)

AEConnect

January 2016

5,522 km

4 × 10 Tbit/s (four strand 100 × 100 Gbit/s)

54 ms

Shirley, US-NY; Killala, IE-C

Aqua Comms

MAREA

February 2018

6,600 km

160 Tbit/s

Virginia Beach, US-VA; Bilbao, ES-PV

Facebook (25 %), Microsoft (25 %), Telefónica (50 %)

Midgardsormen

Q2 2019 (planned)

7,848 km

Virginia Beach, US-VA; Blaabjerg, DK; Mo i Rana, NO

Midgardsormen

text: South Atlantic cable routes[edit]

text:
Cable name
Ready for service
Length
Landing points
Owner

Atlantis-2
February 2000
8,500 km
Carcavelos, PT; El Médano, ES-CN; Praia, CV; Dakar, SN; Fortaleza, BR-CE; Las Toninas, AR-B
various telecom operators

EulaLink
Q1 2018
5,900 km
Sines, PT; Fortaleza, BR-CE; Santos, BR-SP
Telebras, IslaLink

SAex
Q2 2018
13,050 km
Virginia Beach, US-VA; Jamestown, SH-HL; Yzerfontein, ZA-WC; Mtunzini, ZA-NL
SAEx International Ltd. (SimplCom South Africa)

SACS
Q3 2018
6,165 km
Fortaleza, BR-CE; Luanda, AO
Angola Cables

SAIL
Q4 2018
5,900 km
Fortaleza, BR-CE; Kribi, CM
Camtel, China Unicom


document_title: Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 3)

question_text: when does brenda find out about kelly and dylan

text: Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 3)

text: Overview[edit]

text: The third season follows the gang as they get ready to say goodbye to one another and say hello to the future. As summer comes to a close, senior year promises to be their most memorable and challenging year yet as they deal with loss, injury, love and a betrayal so shocking, it threatens to break the friends up forever.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Starring[edit]

text:
Jason Priestley as Brandon Walsh (30 episodes)
Shannen Doherty as Brenda Walsh (30 episodes)
Jennie Garth as Kelly Taylor (30 episodes)
Ian Ziering as Steve Sanders (30 episodes)
Gabrielle Carteris as Andrea Zuckerman (30 episodes)
Luke Perry as Dylan McKay (30 episodes)
Brian Austin Green as David Silver (30 episodes)
Tori Spelling as Donna Martin (30 episodes)
Carol Potter as Cindy Walsh (29 episodes)
James Eckhouse as Jim Walsh (28 episodes)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Joe E. Tata as Nat Bussichio
Ann Gillespie as Jackie Taylor
Dana Barron as Nikki Witt
Mark Kiely as Gil Meyers
Josh Taylor as Jack McKay

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code Viewers(millions)511"Misery Loves Company"Jeffrey MelmanJessica KleinJuly 15, 1992 (1992-07-15)219205016.7[1]
Brandon returns to work for the summer at the Beverly Hills Beach Club, with Andrea now working there as the child-care supervisor. Meanwhile, Brenda defies her parents and continues to secretly see Dylan behind everyone's back. When Brenda gets caught in the act when Jim and Cindy run into Brenda with Dylan at the beach club, she runs away and into Dylan's house.
522"The Twins, the Trustee, and the Very Big Trip"David CarsonCharles RosinJuly 22, 1992 (1992-07-22)219205115.8[1]
Brenda and Dylan find that their living arrangements are too close for comfort but Brenda is too stubborn to admit she's unhappy. Kelly decides to bail on her trip to Paris for the summer, deciding instead to stay home with her brand new sister. Jim decides to send Brenda in Kelly's place and puts pressure on Dylan to encourage her to take the overseas trip.
533"Too Little, Too Late/Paris 75001"Daniel AttiasKaren RosinJuly 29, 1992 (1992-07-29)219205213.2[1]
Brenda and Donna adjust to living in Paris but Brenda's French isn't as good as she thinks it is, and the girls end up eating some questionable food at La Champagne. Andrea counsels a deaf child who has difficulty adjusting to summer camp. Meanwhile, Dylan and Kelly flirt with each other and Brandon becomes jealous of Andrea's new boyfriend.

NOTE: James Eckhouse does not appear in this episode.
544"Sex, Lies and Volleyball/Photo Fini"Jeffrey MelmanKenneth BillerAugust 5, 1992 (1992-08-05)219205313.2[1]
Donna feels left out because Brenda and her classmates can speak fluent French. Steve finds the perfect partner for both romance and volleyball. Kelly and Dylan team up for the volleyball tournament and also spend an afternoon babysitting baby Erin together. Meanwhile, David meets a young girl who expresses an interest in both his music and him.
555"Shooting Star/American in Paris"Daniel AttiasJessica KleinAugust 12, 1992 (1992-08-12)219205416.2[1]
Kelly and Dylan spend a romantic afternoon jet skiing in the waves at Paradise Cove. Brenda develops a crush on a young American named Rick, who mistakes her for a native Parisian. Meanwhile, Brandon tries to help a homeless war veteran, David hires Steve to manage his music career, and Andrea becomes frantic when Cameron, her deaf camper, goes missing.
566"Castles in the Sand"Paul LazarusAnn DonahueAugust 19, 1992 (1992-08-19)219205517.1[1]
Brenda and Donna return from Paris and are welcomed home with a big party. Brandon grows annoyed with Brooke's constant racist comments and their relationship suffers. Meanwhile, Steve schmoozes the beach club into giving David a chance to show off his musical talents to all of the Beverly Hills elite. Kelly and Dylan decide to not tell Brenda about their summer fling and keep it as a secret.
577"Song of Myself"Jeffrey MelmanKenneth BillerSeptember 9, 1992 (1992-09-09)219205616.6[1]
When Brandon decides to quit The Blaze, Andrea enlists the help of their new English teacher to change his mind. David's summer fling enrolls at West Beverly, but her eyes are now firmly set on Brandon. Meanwhile, the crop of incoming freshmen are assigned senior buddies, and Brenda is paired with Sue Scanlon, whose brother's death, Scott Scanlon, has had no small impact on the younger girl. Kelly is depressed because of her loneliness and also, because of Dylan and Brenda's relationship.
588"The Back Story"Bradley M. GrossKaren RosinSeptember 16, 1992 (1992-09-16)219205714.3[1]
Beth Nielson, from the tabloid television show Back Story is in town, and she enlists the help of Brenda to make a documentary about West Beverly High. A naive Brenda agrees to be interviewed, not realizing how the show will twist her words and take them out of context. Meanwhile, a West Beverly alum offers Steve a "legacy key" to the school, which will give him unfettered access to the school's computers.
599"Highwire"Bethany RooneyStar FrohmanSeptember 23, 1992 (1992-09-23)219205816.2[2]
With graduation on the horizon, the teens of West Beverly are stressed about where to go to college. The Walshes announce only one twin can go to an out-of-state college, which leads to some major fighting between the siblings. Kelly loses it when David walks in on her in the shower. Meanwhile, Steve gives more thought to using the legacy key, and Brenda feels Dylan slipping away.
6010"Home and Away"Jack BenderChip JohannessenOctober 7, 1992 (1992-10-07)219205915.6[2]
When two students from rival school Shaw High are shot to death by gang members during a football game, West Beverly decides to forfeit their own game against Shaw's team. Brandon meets a journalist from Shaw, and the two reporters decide to use the power of the press to put a stop to the violence. Kelly hopes to see her father again. Meanwhile, Sue Scanlon starts showing interest in David, which irritates Donna but pleases David. Dylan and Kelly go to the Pigskin Prom together.
6111"A Presumption of Innocence"Bethany RooneyKaren RosinOctober 21, 1992 (1992-10-21)219206016.4[2]
Sue Scanlon accuses Gil Meyers of sexual misconduct, which leads to his suspension. Andrea offers her support to the misguided teen and finds there's more to the story than Sue is telling. After surfing in polluted waters, Dylan contracts both an infection and a desire to help clean up the bay.

NOTE: James Eckhouse & Carol Potter do not appear in this episode.
6212"Destiny Rides Again"Christopher HiblerJessica KleinNovember 4, 1992 (1992-11-04)219206119.9[2]
During a trip to the video store, Brenda runs into Rick, her fling from Paris. She goes out with Rick behind Dylan's back, but acts indignant when Dylan reveals to her that he had his own summer fling. Tragedy literally strikes Andrea when she's seriously injured in a hit-and-run accident. Nikki gets tickets to a televised AIDS benefit, and she and Brandon are interviewed by Rosie O'Donnell on the air. David and Donna consider sleeping together, and Steve puts his education in jeopardy when he decides to use the legacy key. Meanwhile, Kelly decides to step aside from her friends and concentrate on herself but doesn't expect to see Dylan with a proposition that will change their lives forever.
6313"Rebel with a Cause"Daniel AttiasStar FrohmanNovember 11, 1992 (1992-11-11)219206219.7[2]
Brenda assures Dylan that he's free to date whomever he likes but when she and Rick run into him and Kelly, Brenda reevaluates her position. Steve and Herbert grow apprehensive as the police show up at West Beverly to investigate their crime. Meanwhile, Andrea is released from the hospital but has to use a wheelchair.
6414"Wild Horses"Bobby RothKenneth BillerNovember 18, 1992 (1992-11-18)219206316.9[2]
Unable to deal with all the drama at home, Dylan hits the road and meets a beautiful ranch owner, whose free-spirited life is very appealing to him. Back in Beverly Hills, the investigation surrounding the computer break-in continues, and a fearful Steve puts pressure on Herbert to take the heat. Kelly and Brenda get into a fight for Dylan.
6515"The Kindness of Strangers"Richard LangJessica KleinNovember 25, 1992 (1992-11-25)219206416.2[2]
Brandon encounters Jack Canner, the homeless war veteran he met over the summer, and invites him to join his family for Thanksgiving. Unfortunately, father Jim takes offense to the war vet's political choices. Meanwhile, Steve's mother goes to bat for him at school, and works to have his expulsion reversed. Dylan returns to Beverly Hills and greets both Brenda and Kelly with kisses.
6616"It's a Totally Happening Life"Richard LangCharles RosinDecember 16, 1992 (1992-12-16)219206615.8[2]
In a nod to It's a Wonderful Life, two guardian angels, Clarence and Miriam, watch over the gang and protect them from a bus crash that threatens to kill them all. Meanwhile, Andrea gets accepted to Yale, Cindy catches Brandon and Nikki in bed, and Dylan is ordered to choose between Brenda and Kelly by New Year's Eve. David decides that he will takes extra courses so he can graduate early with his friends.
6717"The Game Is Chicken"Jack BenderDarren StarJanuary 6, 1993 (1993-01-06)219206516.2[3]
Steve and Brandon get involved in the world of high-stakes drag racing, and their dangerous endeavor leads them to the very person who might be responsible for Andrea's accident. David's determination to graduate early means he has little time to work in the D.J. booth. Meanwhile, Brenda and Kelly agree to a double date with two Princeton men, only to find that their dates are not exactly the stuff dreams are made of.
6818"Midlife... Now What?"Robert BeckerLana Freistat MelmanJanuary 13, 1993 (1993-01-13)219206716.6[3]
Looking for a little primping and pampering, the girls of West Beverly head out to a Montecito Spa for the weekend. Jackie and Cindy come too, and both women fear their husbands may not be staying faithful to them. Kelly worries that her mother's insecurity may lead her back to drugs, and begins to feel insecure herself. Meanwhile, Brandon delves even further into gambling, and Dylan's romantic problems seem unimportant when he learns his father is being released from prison.
6919"Back in the High Life Again"Bill D'EliaJessica KleinJanuary 27, 1993 (1993-01-27)2192068N/A
Jack McKay decides to throw a party at the Bel Age hotel to celebrate his early release from prison. Dylan invites both Brenda and Kelly who eventually chooses Kelly over Brenda. Mel and Jackie's marriage crumbles, leaving David afraid that he'll no longer have access to his baby sister. Dylan and Kelly incur Brenda's rage when they tell her about their summer fling and she cuts them both out of her life.
7020"Parental Guidance Recommended"Gwen ArnerDarren StarFebruary 3, 1993 (1993-02-03)219206916.6[3]
Iris McKay arrives in town to discuss dissolving Dylan's trust fund with Jim. She's against the idea but Dylan and Jack lay the pressure on hard. Iris also takes time to meet with Brenda, who is depressed over losing both Dylan and Kelly. Meanwhile, David is offered a record deal with Icon Records, but the sleazy and debauched owner, Curtis Bray, will only give David a recording contract if he fires Steve. David decides to accept the deal, but Steve takes the news very badly and ends both his business and friendship with David. Elsewhere, Brandon is enjoying the high life, as he continues to place large bets.
7121"Dead End"Jeffrey MelmanStar FrohmanFebruary 10, 1993 (1993-02-10)219207019.7[3]
Jack and Dylan begin a new life together, living aboard a yacht with Dylan's enormous trust fund at their disposal. On the surface everything seems perfect, but Jack has some dangerous enemies. So does Brandon, whose unpaid gambling debts lead to some frightening threats from his bookie, Duke, over a $500 debt. Meanwhile, Andrea and Jordan go on a date, Dylan and Kelly consummate their relationship, and Brenda and Donna take a self-defense class.
7222"The Child Is Father to the Man"James Whitmore, Jr.Charles RosinFebruary 17, 1993 (1993-02-17)219207118.7[3]
In the wake of his father's death, Dylan grapples with his personal demons while trying to elude the reporters camping out on his lawn. Dylan eventually learns the shocking truth about his father and about his fiancee Christine. Kelly feels uncomfortable when Brenda invites Dylan to stay with the Walshes. David postpones a recording session at Icon Records to attend Jack McKay's funeral and arrives just in time to find Dylan about to take a drink. Meanwhile, Brandon's losing streak continues as his gambling addiction spirals out of control.
7323"Duke's Bad Boy"Robert BeckerJessica KleinMarch 3, 1993 (1993-03-03)219207216.0[3]
Brandon's out of control gambling debts are mounting up and his bookie, Duke, is getting impatient and wants $1,500 of losses paid up by the end of the week. He goes to extreme lengths to pay his bill by hiring another bookie at school to place bets, and his desperation leads to violence. Kelly feels that Dylan is slipping away from her, and her insecurity leads to an unhealthy obsession with her appearance. Meanwhile, David gets dumped by his label after his hack recording manager, Serge, has him record an out-of-tune song. Elsewhere, Andrea convinces a depressed Dylan to write a story about his experience with loss.
7424"Perfectly Perfect"Bethany RooneyGillian HorvathMarch 24, 1993 (1993-03-24)219207319.1[3]
Kelly's obsession with her weight leads to an addiction to diet pills that puts her health in imminent danger. Her friends plan a surprise party for her 18th birthday but the pills make her so paranoid that she thinks everyone is against her. Meanwhile, Brandon and Steve compete on a televised dating show for a date with the lovely Celeste Lundy.
7525"Senior Poll"Christopher HiblerDarren StarApril 7, 1993 (1993-04-07)219207415.0[3]
Senior superlatives are being awarded at West Beverly and most of the gang wins an award. Kelly wins Most Beautiful but instead of lending her a much needed confidence boost, the award leads her to believe that everyone judges her solely by her looks. Brenda feels left out that she didn't win a superlative and decides to apply to the University of Minnesota. Meanwhile, Steve and Brandon attend a Lakers basketball game, where Steve gets the chance to win $10,000.
7626"She Came in Through the Bathroom Window"Jason PriestleyKen StringerApril 28, 1993 (1993-04-28)219207514.4[3]
It's Senior Ditch Day and the girls along with David, decide to spend it at Magic Mountain. What is supposed to be a fun day turns into a nightmare when Kelly's wallet is stolen and Donna is mugged. Meanwhile, Brandon encounters problems of his own when he has to cover for Nat by working at the Peach Pit, and his car is stolen by a clever female con artist who dupes both Dylan and Steve into tagging along with her to help search for Burt Reynolds to appease a tour group.

NOTE: Burt Reynolds makes a guest appearance in this episode as himself.
7727"A Night to Remember"Richard LangJessica KleinMay 5, 1993 (1993-05-05)219207617.0[3]
The students of West Beverly are horrified to learn that the school board has pushed through a measure that will bar any student found drunk at the prom from graduation. Everyone scrambles for dates, and the Walsh twins find themselves dateless. Meanwhile, Mel Silver serves champagne at a pre-prom gathering, leaving waif-like Donna vulnerable to its effects.
7828"Something in the Air"James Whitmore, Jr.Jessica KleinMay 12, 1993 (1993-05-12)219207716.9[3]
Donna must attend a disciplinary hearing regarding her activity at prom night and is denied participation in commencement ceremonies. Her own mother refuses to stand by her, but Brandon and the others go to bat for their friend. At Gil Meyers suggestion, they planned a school wide finals walk-out and a mass demonstration in front of the school board.

NOTE: This is Michael Durrell's first appearance as Dr. John Martin, Donna's father.
7929"Commencement: Part 1"Daniel AttiasCharles RosinMay 19, 1993 (1993-05-19)2192078A22.2[3]
As graduation approaches, the gang of West Beverly make their final decisions about the future while reminiscing about the past. Brandon is sad when Brenda announces her decision to attend the University of Minnesota. Andrea worries that she'll have to turn down Yale. Meanwhile, Mrs. Teasley finds out about Steve's anonymous donation. Dylan's hippie mother, Iris, pays another unannounced and unwelcome visit.
8030"Commencement: Part 2"Daniel AttiasCharles RosinMay 19, 1993 (1993-05-19)2192078B22.2[3]
The gang takes a look back at the last three years of their life, cherishing the past and excited for the future. They spend an evening in the Hollywood Hills, camping under the stars and forever memorializing the class of 1993.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Beverly Hills, 90210: The Soundtrack was released at the beginning of season 3 but the cover art of the cast was from the second season and the costumes are from the episode "U4EA". This was also the first soundtrack to be released out of three soundtracks.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season

Timeslot

Season premiere

Season finale

TV season

Rank

Viewers(in millions)

3rd

Wednesday 9/8C

July 15, 1992

May 19, 1993

1992–1993

N/A

18.3

text: DVD release[edit]

text: The DVD release of season three was released in Regions 1, 2 and 4. As well as every episode from the season, the DVD release features bonus material such as 3 featurettes based on the season.

text:
The Complete Third Season

Set details [4]

Special features [4]

30 episodes
1371 minutes (Region 1); 1316 minutes (Region 2);[5]
8-disc set
1.33:1 aspect ratio
Languages:
English (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround)
Subtitles:
English, Dutch, Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, Swedish and French (Region 1)

"7 Minutes in Heaven"
"Everything You Need to Know About Beverly Hills, 90210 season 3"
"The World According to Nat"

Release dates

United States

United Kingdom

December 11, 2007 [4]

March 24, 2008 [5]