document_title: Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008 theatrical film)

question_text: who plays the boy in journey to the center of the earth

text: Plot[edit]

text: Max Anderson (Jean-Michel Paré) is being pursued by a Tyrannosaurus until a fissure vent opens in the ground. When he tries to jump across, he calls out his brother's name before falling into the vent. Ten years later, Max's 13-year-old son, Sean Anderson (Josh Hutcherson), visit Max's brother, volcanologist Trevor Anderson (Brendan Fraser). In a box of items that belonged to Max is a book, Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne. Notes written by Max are found inside the book.

text: In Trevor's volcanology laboratory, a device shows activity on Snæfell, a dormant volcano in Iceland. Trevor and Sean travel to Iceland to investigate. They try to contact Icelandic volcanologist Sigurbjörn Ásgeirsson, but instead encounter his daughter Hannah Ásgeirsson (Anita Briem) since her father had died some years earlier.[3] It turns out that Sigurbjörn and Max were both Vernians, a group of people who believe the works of Jules Verne to be fact and not fiction.

text: Hannah offers to help them climb the volcano. While the group is hiking up the volcano, a lightning storm forces them to take shelter in a cave. The cave entrance collapses, trapping them in what appears to be an abandoned mine. The trio repel down a giant hole and ride on out-of-control mine carts, in which the tracks start to branch off in three ways. Hannah and Trevor save each other from dead-ends and Sean reunites with them. They reach the bottom of a volcanic vent filled with different varieties of crystals, including Diamonds, but learn the floor is actually Muscovite. Sean accidentally drops a diamond, which breaks the Muscovite, and they begin to fall towards the center of the Earth. The vent eventually becomes a water slide which drops them safely into a lake in the center of the Earth, which turns out to be a completely separate world contained within the Earth.

text: The group starts seeking a way back to the surface. Along the way, they find evidence that someone had been there a hundred years ago. Trevor remarks that some instruments found are Lidenbrock's (the name of a character in the book), suggesting that another group had previously made the journey, somehow returned to the surface and recounted the tale of their adventure to Verne. They find a large tree with some of Max's things inside of it. While Trevor and Sean are examining what they've found, Hannah finds Max's body. They bury Max on the beach of the underground ocean and Trevor reads a letter to Sean found in Max's journal. Trevor discovers that his brother died due to dehydration because of hot magma surrounding the center of the Earth.

text: Using information from Max's journal, Trevor determines that they must find a geyser that can send them to the surface before the temperature rises to 200 °F (about 93 °C). Further, they must reach the geyser within 48 hours or the water for the geyser will have evaporated. They build a raft and begin crossing the underground ocean, but soon encounter a pack of Xiphactinus. They use large branches has bats to hit them away, until a pod of Elasmosaurus attacks the Xiphactinus, allowing the trio to escape. The raft's sail becomes loose. Sean tries to hold on, but is blown away and separated from the two adults.

text: A little Bio-luminescent bird guides Sean towards the river. Meanwhile, Trevor and Hannah decide to take a rest, but are attacked by Carnivorous Plants. Hannah is captured and starts being strangled by the plants. Trevor tears the plant that is holding Hannah by the neck out of the ground, and they continue towards the geyser.

text: When they arrive at the river, Trevor calls out to Sean but gets no response. Trevor says he is going to look for Sean, but tells Hannah she should continue on to the geyser and save herself. Before he goes, Hannah kisses Trevor in case he does not return. Meanwhile, Sean has entered an arid, bone-filled area. He hears roars, hides behind a rock and looks at both sides of him but doesn't see anything until a puddle of saliva falls in front of him, he looks up and sees an enormous Albino Tyrannosaurus Rex, which upon seeing him, begins to chase after him. Trevor finds him, after he is cornered by the dinosaur, and Trevor runs toward a field of Muscovite, the carnivore follows him and the ground collapses under it's massive weight, causing it to fall into the sinkhole, seemingly killing it. When they get to a river, they find Hannah sailing a boat fashioned from the bottom jaw of a carnivorous dinosaur. They sail to a volcano with magma rising in its crater, but realized they missed the geyser that will get them back to the surface.

text: Sean notices that the crater walls are wet. Trevor hears water flowing on the other side of the walls and sees that the crater walls contain magnesium. After he uses a flare to ignite the magnesium, the resulting water-magma collision triggers the geyser, shooting them up and out of the center of the Earth through Mount Vesuvius. When they fall, they accidentally destroy some of the vines in a vineyard. To make amends with the vineyard's farmer, Sean gives the owner a diamond that he found while in the center of the Earth. Trevor sees that Sean has many more diamonds in his backpack.

text: After the adventure, Sean visits Trevor and Hannah in their new home, purchased using some of the diamonds Sean took from the cave; Trevor is also using them to fund his late brother's laboratory. Trevor hands Sean a book about another strange land, Atlantis: The Antediluvian World by Ignatius L. Donnelly, and suggests they get together during Sean's Christmas break. Sean reveals that he has brought the little bird back from the center of the Earth to keep as a pet. However, the bird happily flies away, possibly reproducing his extinct species.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Brendan Fraser as Professor Trevor 'Trev' Anderson, a volcanologist, Sean's uncle and Max’s brother
Josh Hutcherson as Sean Anderson, Trevor's nephew and Liz and Max’s son
Anita Briem as Hannah Ásgeirsson
Seth Meyers as Professor Alan Kitzens
Jean-Michel Paré as Maxwell 'Max' Anderson, Sean’s father, Trevor's brother and Liz’s husband
Jane Wheeler as Elizabeth 'Liz' Anderson, Sean's mother and Max's wife
Giancarlo Caltabiano as Leonard
Garth Gilker as Sigurbjörn Ásgeirsson

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and filming[edit]

text: On September 22, 2001, Walden Media announced that Eric Brevig was hired and set to direct Journey to the Center of the Earth based on the book of the same name by Jules Verne. Michael D. Weiss, Mark Levin and Jennifer Flackett wrote the script for the film. Beau Flynn and Charlotte Huggins produced the film with the budget of $60 million for release in 2008. On April 16, 2003, it was announced that Brendan Fraser, Anita Briem, Josh Hutcherson, Seth Meyers, Jean-Michel Paré, Jane Wheeler, Giancarlo Caltabiano and Garth Gilker joined the film. On 9 December 2005, it was announced that Andrew Lockington would compose the music for the film. On March 2006, development and filming of the film was completed in Canada and Iceland. On April 20, 2006, principal photography and production began. On January 2, 2007, New Line Cinema acquired distribution rights to the film. Journey to the Center of the Earth was filmed in 2006. The film transposes the novel into the present day and is mostly live action, with only the landscape and creatures supplied by computer-generated graphics.[4] The film is projected using Real D Cinema and Dolby 3D.[5]

text: Josh Hutcherson's character, Sean, is named after the professor and conservation biologist Dr. Sean Anderson.[6]

text: Release[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first trailer was shown before screenings of Meet the Robinsons, the re-release of The Nightmare Before Christmas and the release of Beowulf, with the Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert, and during the 2008 Kids' Choice Awards. Warner Bros. marketed the film like a theme park attraction.[7] However, the studio had to slightly tweak the campaign (including dropping "3D" from the title) when it became clear that the film would be shown in 3-D in far fewer theaters than anticipated.[8]

text: Theme parks[edit]

text: In May 2009, the film premiered as "Journey to the Center of the Earth 4-D" at Stone Mountain Park in Georgia.[9] It also opened in the motion simulator at Dollywood under the same name on June 12, 2009.[10] It also featured in the new 4D Cinema at the Weston Super-Mare Grand Pier in the U.K. It was also shown in Movieworld on the Gold Coast.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Journey to the Center of the Earth was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 28, 2008, in standard 2-D format as well as a magenta / green anaglyph. It opened at #2 at the DVD sales chart, selling 843,224 units in the 1st week which translates to $13,238,617 in revenue.[11] As per the latest figures, 1,642,994 DVD units have been sold, bringing in $25,346,260 in revenue. This doesn't include Blu-ray Disc sales / DVD rentals.[11] The 2008 2-disc BD edition of the movie doesn't conform to the – only later established – Blu-ray 3D specifications, which means that this version doesn't take advantage of any dedicated 3D HDTVs, although it can be watched on 3D HDTVs,  as well as on any other TV in anaglyph 3D, by using red-cyan paper glasses (four pairs are included). A 3D Blu-ray version was released on January 17, 2012.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mixed to positive reviews. It received a 61% approval rating by Rotten Tomatoes, based on 158 reviews with an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Modern visuals and an old fashioned storyline make this family adventure/comedy a fast-paced, kitschy ride."[12] Metacritic gave the film a 57 out of 100, based on 35 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[13]Roger Ebert gave the film 2 stars out of 4. Peter Travers gave it 2.5 stars and Owen Glieberman gave it a B-.

text: Box office[edit]

text: Journey to the Center of the Earth grossed $101.7 million in the US and $139.2 million foreign sales, with a total of $242 million worldwide.[1]

text: The film opened at #3 in North America, behind Hellboy II: The Golden Army and Hancock. The film grossed $21,018,141 in 2,811 theaters in its first week of release with an average of $7,477. 57 percent of the opening gross was taken from theaters which showed the film in 3-D. In second weekend it dropped to $12,340,435 and in third to $9,717,217.[7]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Year
Category
Result
Cast/Crew

Teen Choice Awards
2008
Choice Summer Movie: Action Adventure
Nominated

Young Artist Award
2009
Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actor
Nominated
Josh Hutcherson

BMI Film & TV Awards
2009

Won
Andrew Lockington

World Soundtrack Awards
2009
Discovery of the Year
Nominated
Andrew Lockington

text: International releases[edit]

text:
Brazil - July 11, 2008
Canada - July 11, 2008
Ireland - July 11, 2008
United Kingdom - July 11, 2008
United States - July 11, 2008
Chile - August 7, 2008
Singapore - August 7, 2008

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In March 2009, Walden Media announced a sequel to Journey to the Center of the Earth, Journey 2: The Mysterious Island, with Josh Hutcherson, Dwayne Johnson, Michael Caine, Luis Guzman, and Vanessa Hudgens. Jane Wheeler was replaced by Kristin Davis. Journey 2 was filmed between November 2010 and February 2011 and was released in February 2012.  Like the first film, the sequel was shot in 3D, and the script is loosely based on a Verne novel – this time The Mysterious Island.

text: Journey to the Center of the Earth: 4-D Adventure[edit]

text: Journey to the Center of the Earth 4-D Adventure is a 15-minute 4D film shown at various 4D theatres all over the world. It retells the condensed story of the film with the help of 3D projection and sensory effects, including moving seats, wind, mist and scents. Produced by SimEx-Iwerks,[14] the 4D experience premiered in 2009. Locations included Warner Bros. Movie World (2010–2012),[15] Dollywood (2009–2012),[16] Enchanted Kingdom (2009–),[17] Stone Mountain, and Rainbows End.


document_title: European colonization of the Americas

question_text: where did the first european settlers land in america

root

text: European colonization of the Americas

text: Norse trans-oceanic contact[edit]

text: Norse journeys to Greenland and Canada are supported by historical and archaeological evidence.[3] A Norse colony in Greenland was established in the late 10th century, and lasted until the mid 15th century, with court and parliament assemblies (þing) taking place at Brattahlíð and a bishop located at Garðar.[4] The remains of a Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada, were discovered in 1960 and were dated to around the year 1000 (carbon dating estimate 990–1050 CE).[5] L'Anse aux Meadows is the only site widely accepted as evidence of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. It was named a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1978.[6] It is also notable for its possible connection with the attempted colony of Vinland, established by Leif Erikson around the same period or, more broadly, with the West Norse colonization of the Americas.[7]

tag: p

text: Early conquests, claims and colonies[edit]

text: Early explorations and conquests were made by the Spanish and the Portuguese immediately following their own final reconquest of Iberia in 1492. In the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, ratified by the Pope, these two kingdoms divided the entire non-European world into two areas of exploration and colonization, with a north to south boundary that cut through the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern part of present-day Brazil. Based on this treaty and on early claims by Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa, discoverer of the Pacific Ocean in 1513, the Spanish conquered large territories in North, Central and South America.

text: Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés took over the Aztec Kingdom and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire. As a result, by the mid-16th century, the Spanish Crown had gained control of much of western South America, and southern North America, in addition to its earlier Caribbean territories. Over this same timeframe, Portugal claimed lands in North America (Canada) and colonized much of eastern South America, naming it Santa Cruz and Brazil.

text: Other European nations soon disputed the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas. England and France attempted to plant colonies in the Americas in the 16th century, but these failed. England and France succeeded in establishing permanent colonies in the following century, along with the Dutch Republic. Some of these were on Caribbean islands, which had often already been conquered by the Spanish or depopulated by disease, while others were in eastern North America, which had not been colonized by Spain north of Florida.

text: Early European possessions in North America included Spanish Florida, Spanish New Mexico, the English colonies of Virginia (with its North Atlantic offshoot, Bermuda) and New England, the French colonies of Acadia and Canada, the Swedish colony of New Sweden, and the Dutch New Netherland. In the 18th century, Denmark–Norway revived its former colonies in Greenland, while the Russian Empire gained a foothold in Alaska. Denmark-Norway would later make several claims in the Caribbean, starting in the 1600s.

text: As more nations gained an interest in the colonization of the Americas, competition for territory became increasingly fierce. Colonists often faced the threat of attacks from neighboring colonies, as well as from indigenous tribes and pirates.

text: Early state-sponsored colonists[edit]

text: The first phase of well-financed European activity in the Americas began with the Atlantic Ocean crossings of Christopher Columbus (1492–1504), sponsored by Spain, whose original attempt was to find a new route to India and China, known as "the Indies". He was followed by other explorers such as John Cabot, who was sponsored by England and reached Newfoundland. Pedro Álvares Cabral reached Brazil and claimed it for Portugal.

text: Amerigo Vespucci, working for Portugal in voyages from 1497 to 1513, established that Columbus had reached a new set of continents. Cartographers still use a Latinized version of his first name, America, for the two continents. Other explorers included Giovanni da Verrazzano, sponsored by France in 1524; the Portuguese João Vaz Corte-Real in Newfoundland; João Fernandes Lavrador, Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real and João Álvares Fagundes, in Newfoundland, Greenland, Labrador, and Nova Scotia (from 1498 to 1502, and in 1520); Jacques Cartier (1491–1557), Henry Hudson (1560s–1611), and Samuel de Champlain (1567–1635), who explored the region of Canada he reestablished as New France.

text: In 1513, Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and led the first European expedition to see the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of the New World. In an action with enduring historical import, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean and all the lands adjoining it for the Spanish Crown. It was 1517 before another expedition, from Cuba, visited Central America, landing on the coast of Yucatán in search of slaves.

text: These explorations were followed, notably in the case of Spain, by a phase of conquest: The Spaniards, having just finished the Reconquista of Spain from Muslim rule, were the first to colonize the Americas, applying the same model of governing their European holdings to their territories of the New World.

text: Ten years after Columbus's discovery, the administration of Hispaniola was given to Nicolás de Ovando of the Order of Alcántara, founded during the Reconquista. As in the Iberian Peninsula, the inhabitants of Hispaniola were given new landmasters, while religious orders handled the local administration. Progressively the encomienda system, which granted tribute (access to indigenous labor and taxation) to European settlers, was set in place.

text: A relatively common misconception is that a small number of conquistadores conquered vast territories, aided only by disease epidemics and their powerful caballeros. In fact, recent archaeological excavations have suggested a vast Spanish-Indian alliance numbering in the hundreds of thousands.[8] Hernán Cortés eventually conquered Mexico with the help of Tlaxcala in 1519–1521, while the conquest of the Incas was carried out by some 40,000 Incan renegades led by Francisco Pizarro in between 1532 and 1535.

text: Over the 1st century and a half after Columbus's voyages, the native population of the Americas plummeted by an estimated 80% (from around 50 million in 1492 to eight million in 1650),[9] mostly by outbreaks of Old World diseases.

text: In 1532, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor sent a vice-king to Mexico, Antonio de Mendoza, in order to prevent Cortes' independentist drives, who definitively returned to Spain in 1540. Two years later, Charles V signed the New Laws (which replaced the Laws of Burgos of 1512) prohibiting slavery and the repartimientos, but also claiming as his own all the American lands and all of the indigenous people as his own subjects.

text: When in May 1493, the Pope Alexander VI issued the Inter caetera bull granting the new lands to the Kingdom of Spain, he requested in exchange an evangelization of the people. Thus, during Columbus's second voyage, Benedictine friars accompanied him, along with twelve other priests. As slavery was prohibited between Christians, and could only be imposed in non-Christian prisoners of war or on men already sold as slaves, the debate on Christianization was particularly acute during the 16th century. In 1537, the papal bull Sublimis Deus definitively recognized that Native Americans possessed souls, thus prohibiting their enslavement, without putting an end to the debate. Some claimed that a native who had rebelled and then been captured could be enslaved nonetheless.

text: Later, the Valladolid debate between the Dominican priest Bartolomé de Las Casas and another Dominican philosopher Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda was held, with the former arguing that Native Americans were beings doted with souls, as all other human beings, while the latter argued to the contrary and justified their enslavement.

text: The process of Christianization was at first violent: when the first Franciscans arrived in Mexico in 1524, they burned the places dedicated to pagan cult, alienating much of the local population.[10] In the 1530s, they began to adapt Christian practices to local customs, including the building of new churches on the sites of ancient places of worship, leading to a mix of Old World Christianity with local religions.[10] The Spanish Roman Catholic Church, needing the natives' labor and cooperation, evangelized in Quechua, Nahuatl, Guaraní and other Native American languages, contributing to the expansion of these indigenous languages and equipping some of them with writing systems. One of the first primitive schools for Native Americans was founded by Fray Pedro de Gante in 1523.

text: To reward their troops, the Conquistadores often allotted Indian towns to their troops and officers. Black African slaves were introduced to substitute for Native American labor in some locations—including the West Indies, where the indigenous population was nearing extinction on many islands.

text: During this time, the Portuguese gradually switched from an initial plan of establishing trading posts to extensive colonization of what is now Brazil. They imported millions of slaves to run their plantations. The Portuguese and Spanish royal governments expected to rule these settlements and collect at least 20% of all treasure found (the quinto real collected by the Casa de Contratación), in addition to collecting all the taxes they could. By the late 16th century American silver accounted for one-fifth of Spain's total budget.[11] In the 16th century perhaps 240,000 Europeans entered American ports.[12][13]

text: The search for riches[edit]

text: Inspired by the Spanish riches from colonies founded upon the conquest of the Aztecs, Incas, and other large Native American populations in the 16th century, the first Englishmen to settle permanently in America hoped for some of the same rich discoveries when they established their first permanent settlement in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. They were sponsored by common stock companies such as the chartered Virginia Company financed by wealthy Englishmen who exaggerated the economic potential of this new land. The main purpose of this colony was the hope of finding gold.[1]

text: It took strong leaders, like John Smith, to convince the colonists of Jamestown that searching for gold was not taking care of their immediate needs for food and shelter and the biblical principle that "he who will not work shall not eat" (see 2 Thessalonians 3). The lack of food security leading to extremely high mortality rate was quite distressing and cause for despair among the colonists. To support the Colony, numerous supply missions were organized. Tobacco later became a cash crop, with the work of John Rolfe and others, for export and the sustaining economic driver of Virginia and the neighboring colony of Maryland.

text: From the beginning of Virginia's settlements in 1587 until the 1680s, the main source of labor and a large portion of the immigrants were indentured servants looking for new life in the overseas colonies. During the 17th century, indentured servants constituted three-quarters of all European immigrants to the Chesapeake region. Most of the indentured servants were teenagers from England with poor economic prospects at home. Their fathers signed the papers that gave them free passage to America and an unpaid job until they became of age. They were given food, clothing, housing and taught farming or household skills. American landowners were in need of laborers and were willing to pay for a laborer’s passage to America if they served them for several years. By selling passage for five to seven years worth of work they could then start out on their own in America.[14] Many of the migrants from England died in the first few years.[1]

text: Economic advantage also prompted the Darien Scheme, an ill-fated venture by the Kingdom of Scotland to settle the Isthmus of Panama in the late 1690s. The Darien Scheme aimed to control trade through that part of the world and thereby promote Scotland into a world trading power. However, it was doomed by poor planning, short provisions, weak leadership, lack of demand for trade goods, and devastating disease.[15] The failure of the Darien Scheme was one of the factors that led the Kingdom of Scotland into the Act of Union 1707 with the Kingdom of England creating the united Kingdom of Great Britain and giving Scotland commercial access to English, now British, colonies.[16]

text: In the French colonial regions, the focus of economy was on sugar plantations in Caribbean. In Canada the fur trade with the natives was important. About 16,000 French men and women became colonizers. The great majority became subsistence farmers along the St. Lawrence River. With a favorable disease environment and plenty of land and food, their numbers grew exponentially to 65,000 by 1760. Their colony was taken over by Britain in 1760, but social, religious, legal, cultural and economic changes were few in a society that clung tightly to its recently formed traditions.[17][18]

text: Religious immigration[edit]

text: Roman Catholics were the first major religious group to immigrate to the New World, as settlers in the colonies of Portugal and Spain (and later, France) belonged to that faith. English and Dutch colonies, on the other hand, tended to be more religiously diverse. Settlers to these colonies included Anglicans, Dutch Calvinists, English Puritans and other nonconformists, English Catholics, Scottish Presbyterians, French Huguenots, German and Swedish Lutherans, as well as Jews Quakers, Mennonites, Amish, and Moravians.[19]

text: Many groups of colonists went to the Americas searching for the right to practice their religion without persecution. The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century broke the unity of Western Christendom and led to the formation of numerous new religious sects, which often faced persecution by governmental authorities. In England, many people came to question the organization of the Church of England by the end of the 16th century. One of the primary manifestations of this was the Puritan movement, which sought to "purify" the existing Church of England of its offensive residual Catholic rites.

text: Waves of repression led to the migration of about 20,000 Puritans to New England between 1629 and 1642, where they founded multiple colonies. Later in the century, the new Pennsylvania colony was given to William Penn in settlement of a debt the king owed his father. Its government was set up by William Penn in about 1682 to become primarily a refuge for persecuted English Quakers; but others were welcomed. Baptists, German and Swiss Protestants and Anabaptists also flocked to Pennsylvania. The lure of cheap land, religious freedom and the right to improve themselves with their own hand was very attractive.[20]

text: Forced immigration and enslavement[edit]

text: Slavery was a common practice in the Americas prior to the arrival of Europeans, as different American Indian groups captured and held other tribes' members as slaves.[21] Many of these captives were forced to undergo human sacrifice in Amerindian civilizations such as the Aztecs. In response to some enslavement of natives in the Caribbean during the early years, the Spanish Crown passed a series of laws prohibiting slavery as early as 1512. A new stricter set of laws was passed in 1542, called the New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of Indians, or simply New Laws. These were created to prevent the exploitation of the indigenous peoples by the encomenderos or landowners, by strictly limiting their power and dominion.[22] This helped curb Indian slavery considerably, though not completely. Later, with the arrival of other European colonial powers in the New World, the enslavement of native populations increased, as these empires lacked legislation against slavery until decades later. The population of indigenous peoples declined (mostly from European diseases, but also from forced exploitation and atrocities). Later, native workers were replaced by Africans imported through a large commercial slave trade.

text: By the 18th century, the overwhelming number of black slaves was such that Amerindian slavery was less commonly used. Africans, who were taken aboard slave ships to the Americas, were primarily obtained from their African homelands by coastal tribes who captured and sold them. Europeans traded for slaves with the slave capturers of the local native African tribes in exchange for rum, guns, gunpowder, and other manufactures.

text: Slavery[edit]

text: The total slave trade to islands in the Caribbean, Brazil, Mexico and to the United States is estimated to have involved 12 million Africans.[23][24] The vast majority of these slaves went to sugar colonies in the Caribbean and to Brazil, where life expectancy was short and the numbers had to be continually replenished. At most about 600,000 African slaves were imported into the United States, or 5% of the 12 million slaves brought across from Africa.[25] Life expectancy was much higher in the United States (because of better food, less disease, lighter work loads, and better medical care) so the numbers grew rapidly by excesses of births over deaths, reaching 4 million by the 1860 Census. Slaves were a valuable commodity both for work and for sale in slave markets and so the policy of actively encouraging or forcing slaves to breed developed, especially after the ending of the Atlantic slave trade.[26] From 1770 until 1860, the rate of growth of North American slaves was much greater than for the population of any nation in Europe, and was nearly twice as rapid as that of England.[27]

text: Slaves imported to the Thirteen colonies/United States by time period:[28]

text:
1619–1700 – 21,000
1701–1760 – 189,000
1761–1770 – 63,000
1771–1790 – 56,000
1791–1800 – 79,000
1801–1810 – 124,000[29]
1810–1865 – 51,000
Total – 597,000

tag: ul

text: Disease and indigenous population loss[edit]

text: The European lifestyle included a long history of sharing close quarters with domesticated animals such as cows, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, dogs and various domesticated fowl, from which many diseases originally stemmed. Thus, in contrast to the indigenous people, Europeans had developed a richer endowment of antibodies.[30] The large-scale contact with Europeans after 1492 introduced novel germs to the indigenous people of the Americas.

text: Epidemics of smallpox (1518, 1521, 1525, 1558, 1589), typhus (1546), influenza (1558), diphtheria (1614) and measles (1618) swept the Americas subsequent to European contact,[31][32] killing between 10 million and 100 million[33] people, up to 95% of the indigenous population of the Americas.[34] The cultural and political instability attending these losses appears to have been of substantial aid in the efforts of various colonists in New England and Massachusetts to acquire control over the great wealth in land and resources of which indigenous societies had customarily made use.[35]

text: Such diseases yielded human mortality of an unquestionably enormous gravity and scale – and this has profoundly confused efforts to determine its full extent with any true precision. Estimates of the pre-Columbian population of the Americas vary tremendously.

text: Others have argued that significant variations in population size over pre-Columbian history are reason to view higher-end estimates with caution. Such estimates may reflect historical population maxima, while indigenous populations may have been at a level somewhat below these maxima or in a moment of decline in the period just prior to contact with Europeans. Indigenous populations hit their ultimate lows in most areas of the Americas in the early 20th century; in a number of cases, growth has returned.[36]

text: Impact of colonial land ownership on long-term development[edit]

text: Geographic differences between the colonies played a large determinant in the types of political and economic systems that later developed. In their paper on institutions and long-run growth, economists Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson argue that certain natural endowments gave rise to distinct colonial policies promoting either smallholder or coerced labor production.[37] Densely settled populations, for example, were more easily exploitable and profitable as slave labor. In these regions, landowning elites were economically incentivized to develop forced labor arrangements such as the Peru mit'a system or Argentinian latifundias without regard for democratic norms. French and British colonial leaders, conversely, were incentivized to develop capitalist markets, property rights, and democratic institutions in response to natural environments that supported smallholder production over forced labor.

text: James Mahoney, a professor at Northwestern University, proposes that colonial policy choices made at critical junctures regarding land ownership in coffee-rich Central America fostered enduring path dependent institutions.[38] Coffee economies in Guatemala and El Salvador, for example, were centralized around large plantations that operated under coercive labor systems. By the 19th century, their political structures were largely authoritarian and militarized. In Colombia and Costa Rica, conversely, liberal reforms were enacted at critical junctures to expand commercial agriculture, and they ultimately raised the bargaining power of the middle class. Both nations eventually developed more democratic and egalitarian institutions than their highly concentrated landowning counterparts.

text: List of European colonies in the Americas[edit]

text: English and (after 1707) British[edit]

text:
British America (1607–1783)
Thirteen Colonies (1607–1783)
Rupert's Land (1670–1870)
British Columbia (1793–1871)
British North America (1783– 1907)
British West Indies
Belize

text: Courland (indirectly part of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)[edit]

text: New Courland (Tobago) (1654–1689); Courland is now part of Latvia

text: Danish[edit]

text:
Danish West Indies (1754–1917)
Greenland (1814–present)

text: Dutch[edit]

text:
New Netherland (1609–1667)
Essequibo (1616–1815)
Dutch Virgin Islands (1625–1680)
Berbice (1627–1815)
New Walcheren (1628–1677)
Dutch Brazil (1630–1654)
Pomeroon (1650–1689)
Cayenne (1658–1664)
Demerara (1745–1815)
Suriname (1667–1954) (After independence still within the Kingdom Of The Netherlands until 1975)
Curaçao and Dependencies (1634–1954) (Aruba and Curaçao are still in the Kingdom Of The Netherlands, Bonaire; 1634–present)
Sint Eustatius and Dependencies (1636–1954) (Sint Maarten is still in the Kingdom Of The Netherlands, Sint Eustatius and Saba; 1636–present)

text: French[edit]

text:
New France (1604–1763)
Acadia (1604–1713)
Canada (1608–1763)
Louisiana (1699–1763, 1800–1803)
Newfoundland (1662–1713)
Île Royale (1713–1763)
French Guiana (1763–present)
French West Indies
Saint-Domingue (1659–1804, now Haiti)
Tobago
Virgin Islands
France Antarctique (1555–1567)
Equinoctial France (1612–1615)

text: Knights of Malta[edit]

text:
Saint Barthélemy (1651–1665)
Saint Christopher (1651–1665)
Saint Croix (1651–1665)
Saint Martin (1651–1665)

text: Norwegian[edit]

text:
Greenland (986–1814)
Vinland, known as Newfoundland (Partly in the 11th century)
Dano-Norwegian West Indies (1754–1814)
Sverdrup Islands (1898–1930)
Erik the Red's Land (1931–1933)

text: Portuguese[edit]

text:
Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) became a Kingdom, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
Terra do Labrador (1499/1500–?) Claimed region (sporadically settled).
Land of the Corte-Real, also known as Terra Nova dos Bacalhaus (Land of Codfish) – Terra Nova (Newfoundland) (1501–?) Claimed region (sporadically settled).
Portugal Cove-St. Philip's (1501–1696)
Nova Scotia (1519?–1520s?) Claimed region (sporadically settled).
Barbados (1536–1620)
Colonia do Sacramento (1680–1705/1714–1762/1763–1777 (1811–1817))
Cisplatina (1811–1822, now Uruguay)
French Guiana (1809–1817)

text: Russian[edit]

text: Russian America (Alaska) (1799–1867)

text: Scottish[edit]

text:
Nova Scotia (1622–1632)
Darien Scheme on the Isthmus of Panama (1698–1700)
Stuarts Town, Carolina (1684–1686)

text: Spanish[edit]

text:
Cuba (until 1898)
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1819)
Captaincy General of Venezuela
Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
Nueva Extremadura
Nueva Galicia
Nuevo Reino de León
Nuevo Santander
Nueva Vizcaya
Las Californias
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Captaincy General of Guatemala
Louisiana (New Spain)
Spanish Florida
Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1824)
Captaincy General of Chile
Puerto Rico (1493–1898)
Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (1776–1814)
Hispaniola (1493–1865); the island currently comprising Haiti and the Dominican Republic, under Spanish rule in whole or in part from 1492–1865.

text: Swedish[edit]

text:
New Sweden (1638–1655)
Saint Barthélemy (1784–1878)
Guadeloupe (1813–1814)

text: Failed attempts[edit]

text: German[edit]

text:
Klein-Venedig (Holy Roman Empire)
Hanauisch-Indien (in German)
Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)
German caribbean (German Empire)
Ernst Thälmann Island (East Germany)

text: Italian[edit]

text: Tuscan Guiana (now French Guiana)

text: Exhibitions and collections[edit]

text: In 2007, the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History and the Virginia Historical Society (VHS) co-organized a traveling exhibition to recount the strategic alliances and violent conflict between European empires (English, Spanish, French) and the Native people living in North America. The exhibition was presented in three languages and with multiple perspectives. Artifacts on display included rare surviving Native and European artifacts, maps, documents, and ceremonial objects from museums and royal collections on both sides of the Atlantic. The exhibition opened in Richmond, Virginia on March 17, 2007, and closed at the Smithsonian International Gallery on October 31, 2009.

text: The related online exhibition explores the international origins of the societies of Canada and the United States and commemorates the 400th anniversary of three lasting settlements in Jamestown (1607), Québec (1608), and Santa Fe (1609). The site is accessible in three languages.[39]


document_title: List of extreme points of the United States

question_text: what is the northern most state in the us

text: Northernmost points[edit]

text:
Map this section's coordinates using: OpenStreetMap · Google Maps

Download coordinates as: KML · GPX

tag: table

text:
Point Barrow, Alaska 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W / 71.38889; -156.47917 (Point Barrow) – northernmost point in all U.S. territory
Utqiaġvik, Alaska 71°17′44″N 156°45′59″W / 71.29556°N 156.76639°W / 71.29556; -156.76639 (Barrow) – northernmost incorporated place in all U.S. territory, population about 4,000
Fairbanks, Alaska 64°50′22.94″N 147°43′14.63″W / 64.8397056°N 147.7207306°W / 64.8397056; -147.7207306 (Fairbanks City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 20,000 residents, and northernmost city with public road access
Anchorage, Alaska 61°13′4.17″N 149°53′33.17″W / 61.2178250°N 149.8925472°W / 61.2178250; -149.8925472 (Anchorage City Hall) – northernmost city of more than 100,000 residents
Northwest Angle Inlet in Lake of the Woods, Minnesota 49°23′04.1″N 95°9′12.2″W / 49.384472°N 95.153389°W / 49.384472; -95.153389 (Northwest Angle) – northernmost point in the 48 contiguous states (because of incomplete information at the time of the Treaty of Paris (1783) settling the American Revolutionary War)
Sumas, Washington 49°00′08.6″N 122°15′40″W / 49.002389°N 122.26111°W / 49.002389; -122.26111 (Sumas, WA) – northernmost incorporated place in the 48 contiguous states (because of 19th century survey inaccuracy placing the international border slightly north of the 49th parallel here.[1])
Lynden, Washington 48°56′43″N 122°27′10″W / 48.94528°N 122.45278°W / 48.94528; -122.45278 (Lynden City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 10,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Bellingham, Washington 48°45′19.12″N 122°28′43.54″W / 48.7553111°N 122.4787611°W / 48.7553111; -122.4787611 (Bellingham City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Everett, Washington 47°58′41″N 122°12′27″W / 47.97806°N 122.20750°W / 47.97806; -122.20750 (Everett City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 100,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Spokane, Washington 47°39′37″N 117°25′25″W / 47.66028°N 117.42361°W / 47.66028; -117.42361 (Spokane City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 200,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Seattle, Washington 47°36′13.81″N 122°19′48.56″W / 47.6038361°N 122.3301556°W / 47.6038361; -122.3301556 (Seattle City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 500,000 residents in the United States
Alaska has the northernmost geographic center of all the states. North Dakota has the northernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.

text: Southernmost points[edit]

text:
Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica (90°0′0″S 0°0′0″E / 90.00000°S 0.00000°E / -90.00000; 0.00000 (South Pole)) – southernmost point under United States jurisdiction
Rose Atoll, American Samoa (14°34′11″S 168°9′10″W / 14.56972°S 168.15278°W / -14.56972; -168.15278 (Rose Atoll)) – southernmost point in all U.S.-controlled territory
Palmyra Atoll (5°53′2″N 162°4′42″W / 5.88389°N 162.07833°W / 5.88389; -162.07833) – southernmost point in all U.S. incorporated territory
Ka Lae, Hawaii (18°54′39″N 155°40′52″W / 18.91083°N 155.68111°W / 18.91083; -155.68111 (Ka Lae)) – southernmost point in the 50 states
Nā'ālehu, Hawaii (19°3′57″N 155°35′15″W / 19.06583°N 155.58750°W / 19.06583; -155.58750 (Nā'ālehu, HI)) – southernmost town in the 50 states
Hilo, Hawaii (19°41′58″N 155°4′51″W / 19.69944°N 155.08083°W / 19.69944; -155.08083) – southernmost place with a population over 25,000 in the 50 states
City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii (21°18′19″N 157°51′25″W / 21.30528°N 157.85694°W / 21.30528; -157.85694 (Honolulu City Hall)) – southernmost incorporated place in the 50 states (Hawaii's only incorporated place)
Western Dry Rocks, Florida (24°26.8′N 81°55.6′W / 24.4467°N 81.9267°W / 24.4467; -81.9267 (Western Dry Rocks)) – In the Florida Keys - southernmost point in the 48 contiguous states occasionally above water at low tide
Ballast Key, Florida (24°31′15″N 81°57′49″W / 24.52083°N 81.96361°W / 24.52083; -81.96361 (Ballast Key)) – southernmost point in the 48 contiguous states continuously above water
Key West, Florida (24°32′38.724″N 81°48′17.658″W / 24.54409000°N 81.80490500°W / 24.54409000; -81.80490500 (Key West, FL)) – southernmost incorporated place in the contiguous 48 states
Cape Sable, Florida (25°7′6″N 81°5′11″W / 25.11833°N 81.08639°W / 25.11833; -81.08639 (Cape Sable)) – southernmost point on the U.S. mainland
Florida City, Florida (25°26′54″N 80°28′57″W / 25.44833°N 80.48250°W / 25.44833; -80.48250 (Florida City City Hall)) – Southernmost municipality in the contiguous U.S.
Miami, Florida (25°43′40″N 80°14′2″W / 25.72778°N 80.23389°W / 25.72778; -80.23389 (Miami City Hall)) – the southernmost major metropolitan city in the 48 contiguous states
Cameron County, Texas (25°50′14.5″N 97°23′39.9″W / 25.837361°N 97.394417°W / 25.837361; -97.394417) – Southernmost point on the Mexico–United States border.
Hawaii has the southernmost geographic center of all the states. Florida has the southernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.

text: Easternmost points[edit]

text:
Point Udall, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 17°45′19″N 64°33′54″W / 17.75528°N 64.56500°W / 17.75528; -64.56500 (Point Udall, St. Croix) – easternmost point in all U.S. territory, by direction of travel
Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands 17°44′54″N 64°43′00″W / 17.7482°N 64.7168°W / 17.7482; -64.7168 (Christainsted) – easternmost town in all U.S. territory, by direction of travel
Sail Rock, Maine 44°48′45.2″N 66°56′49.3″W / 44.812556°N 66.947028°W / 44.812556; -66.947028 (Sail Rock), just offshore of West Quoddy Head, Maine – easternmost point in the 50 states, by direction of travel
West Quoddy Head, Maine 44°48′55.4″N 66°56′59.2″W / 44.815389°N 66.949778°W / 44.815389; -66.949778 (West Quoddy Head) – easternmost point on the U.S. mainland
Lubec, Maine (44°49′03″N 66°57′00″W / 44.817419°N 66.949895°W / 44.817419; -66.949895 (Lubec, ME)) – easternmost incorporated place in the 50 states
Eastport, Maine (44°54′20″N 66°59′24″W / 44.90556°N 66.99000°W / 44.90556; -66.99000 (Eastport City Hall)) – easternmost incorporated city in the 50 states[2]
Calais, Maine (45°11′18″N 67°16′37″W / 45.18833°N 67.27694°W / 45.18833; -67.27694 (Calais City Hall)) – easternmost city of more than 2,500 residents in the 50 states
Houlton, Maine (46°7′37″N 67°50′22″W / 46.12694°N 67.83944°W / 46.12694; -67.83944 (Houlton City Hall) – easternmost city of more than 5,000 residents in the 50 states
Bangor, Maine – easternmost city of more than 20,000 residents in the 50 states
Portland, Maine – easternmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 50 states
Boston, Massachusetts – easternmost major U.S. city (more than 500,000 residents)
Pochnoi Point, Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska 51°57′42″N 179°46′23″E / 51.96167°N 179.77306°E / 51.96167; 179.77306 (Pochnoi Point, Semisopochnoi Island) – easternmost point in all U.S. territory by longitude—ironically, in the Alaskan Aleutian Islands "west" of the westernmost point in the U.S. by longitude (Amatignak Island) due to interposition of 180° longitude, which conventionally divides "west" from "east" in geographic terms.
Peacock Point, Wake Island 19°16′13.2″N 166°39′26.3″E / 19.270333°N 166.657306°E / 19.270333; 166.657306 (Peacock Point, Wake Island) – first sunrise (at equinox) in all U.S. territory
Northern Islands Municipality, Northern Mariana Islands 16°01′38″N 146°03′52″E / 16.0271°N 146.0645°E / 16.0271; 146.0645 (Farallon de Medinilla) – easternmost municipality in all U.S. territory, by longitude
Maine has the easternmost geographic center of the 50 states.

text: Westernmost points[edit]

text:
Point Udall, Guam (13°26′51″N 144°37′5.5″E / 13.44750°N 144.618194°E / 13.44750; 144.618194 (Point Udall, Guam)) – westernmost point in all U.S. territory, by direction of travel
Peaked Island, offshore from Cape Wrangell, Attu Island, Alaska 52°55′14″N 172°26′16″E / 52.92056°N 172.43778°E / 52.92056; 172.43778 (Peaked Island) – westernmost point in the 50 states by direction of travel, and last sunset (at equinox) in all U.S. territory. West of it passes the International Date Line, after which come Russian territorial islands.
Amatignak Island, Alaska 51°16′7″N 179°8′55″W / 51.26861°N 179.14861°W / 51.26861; -179.14861 (Amatignak Island) – technically, westernmost point in all of U.S. territory by longitude, but not the westernmost of the U.S. Aleutian Islands. It possesses the highest longitude west figure (179°8'55"W) before 180° longitude, which passes west of it. After 180°, longitude is termed "east" and declines numerically.
Adak, Alaska 51°49′21″N 176°42′53″W / 51.8224°N 176.7147°W / 51.8224; -176.7147 (Adak, AK) – westernmost incorporated city in the 50 states
Unalaska, Alaska 53°53′20″N 166°31′38″W / 53.888984°N 166.527239°W / 53.888984; -166.527239 (Unalaska, AK) - westernmost city of more than 2,500 residents in the 50 states
Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska 65°38′32″N 168°7′8″W / 65.64222°N 168.11889°W / 65.64222; -168.11889 (Cape Prince of Wales) – westernmost point on the North American continent
Anchor Point, Alaska (59°46′20.8914″N 151°52′2.373″W / 59.772469833°N 151.86732583°W / 59.772469833; -151.86732583 (Anchor Point, AK)) – Westernmost point on the continuous road system of North America[3]
Umatilla Reef, offshore from Cape Alava, Washington (48°11.1′N 124°47.1′W / 48.1850°N 124.7850°W / 48.1850; -124.7850 (Umatilla Reef)) – westernmost point in the 48 contiguous states occasionally above water at low tide
Bodelteh Islands, offshore from Cape Alava, Washington 48°10′42.7″N 124°46′18.1″W / 48.178528°N 124.771694°W / 48.178528; -124.771694 (Bodelteh Islands) – westernmost point in the 48 contiguous states continuously above water
Cape Alava, Washington (48°9′51″N 124°43′59″W / 48.16417°N 124.73306°W / 48.16417; -124.73306 (Cape Alava)) – westernmost point on the U.S. mainland (contiguous)
Ozette, Washington (48°09′17″N 124°40′02″W / 48.154722°N 124.667222°W / 48.154722; -124.667222 (Ozette, WA)) – westernmost town in the 48 contiguous states
Port Orford, Oregon 42°45′15″N 124°30′45″W / 42.754065°N 124.512605°W / 42.754065; -124.512605 (Port Orford, OR) – westernmost incorporated place in the 48 contiguous states
Brookings, Oregon 42°03′19″N 124°17′15″W / 42.0553°N 124.2875°W / 42.0553; -124.2875 (Brookings City Hall) – westernmost city of more than 5,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Coos Bay, Oregon 43°22′05″N 124°13′03″W / 43.3681°N 124.2174°W / 43.3681; -124.2174 (Coos Bay City Hall) – westernmost city of more than 10,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Eureka, California – westernmost city of more than 25,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Corvallis, Oregon – westernmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Eugene, Oregon – westernmost city of more than 100,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Portland, Oregon – westernmost city of more than 500,000 residents in the United States
Hawaii has the westernmost geographic center of all the states. Oregon has the westernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.

text: Interpretation of easternmost and westernmost[edit]

text: There are three methods for reckoning the eastern and western extremes of the United States.

text: One method is to use the Prime Meridian as the dividing line between east and west. This meridian running through Greenwich, London, is defined as zero degrees longitude and could be called the least eastern and least western place in the world. The 180th meridian, on the opposite side of the globe, is therefore the easternmost and westernmost place in the world.

text: Another method is to use the International Date Line as the easternmost–westernmost extreme. On the equinox, the easternmost place would be where the day first begins, and the westernmost is where the day last ends.[citation needed]

text: Still another method is to first determine the geographic center of the country and from there measure the shortest distance to every other point. All U.S. territory is spread across less than 180° of longitude, so from any spot in the U.S. it is more direct to reach Point Udall, U.S. Virgin Islands, by traveling east than by traveling west. Likewise, there is not a single point in U.S. territory from which heading east is a shorter route to Point Udall, Guam, than heading west would be, even accounting for circumpolar routes. The two Udalls for whom the two Points are named were brothers, Mo Udall in Guam and Stewart Udall in the Virgin Islands.[4]

text: Highest points[edit]

text:
Denali, Alaska 63°4′9″N 151°0′23″W / 63.06917°N 151.00639°W / 63.06917; -151.00639 (Mount McKinley) – highest summit in the United States, all US territories, and North America at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m)[5]
Mount Whitney,[note 1][6][7][8] California 36°34′43″N 118°17′31″W / 36.57861°N 118.29194°W / 36.57861; -118.29194 (Mount Whitney) – highest point in the 48 contiguous states at 14,505 feet (4,421 m)
Mount Elbert,[note 2][9][10] Colorado  – highest point on the Continental Divide of North America at 14,440 feet (4,400 m)
Mauna Kea,[note 3][11] Hawaiʻi 19°49′14″N 155°28′5″W / 19.82056°N 155.46806°W / 19.82056; -155.46806 (Mauna Kea) – highest island summit in all U.S. territory and the entire Pacific Ocean at 13,796 feet (4,205 m)
Taos Ski Valley, New Mexico 36°35′52″N 105°26′42″W / 36.59778°N 105.44500°W / 36.59778; -105.44500 (Taos Ski Valley, New Mexico) – highest village limits in all U.S. territory at 12,581 feet (3,835 m) (No residents of Taos Ski Valley live above 10,350 feet (3,150 m))[12]
Winter Park, Colorado 39°53′34″N 105°45′43″W / 39.89278°N 105.76194°W / 39.89278; -105.76194 (Winter Park, CO) – highest city limits in all U.S. territory at 12,060 feet (3,680 m) (No residents of Winter Park live above 9,550 feet (2,910 m))
San Juan County, Colorado 37°49′N 107°40′W / 37.817°N 107.667°W / 37.817; -107.667 (San Juan County, Colorado) – highest U.S. county based on a mean elevation (11,240 feet (3,430 m))
Alma, Colorado 39°17′2″N 106°3′46″W / 39.28389°N 106.06278°W / 39.28389; -106.06278 (Alma, Colorado) – highest town in all U.S. territory at 10,355 feet (3,156 m); contiguous residential areas extend to 11,680 feet (3,560 m).
Leadville, Colorado 39°14′50″N 106°17′30″W / 39.24722°N 106.29167°W / 39.24722; -106.29167 (Leadville, Colorado) – highest city in all U.S. territory at 10,152 feet (3,094 m). (No residents of Leadville live above 10,360 feet (3,160 m))
Lake County Airport, Colorado 39°13′13″N 106°19′00″W / 39.22028°N 106.31667°W / 39.22028; -106.31667 (Lake County Airport) – highest airfield in all U.S. territory and North America at 9,927 feet (3,026 m)
New Mexico State Capitol, Santa Fe 35°40′56″N 105°56′23″W / 35.68222°N 105.93972°W / 35.68222; -105.93972 (New Mexico State Capitol) – highest state capitol in the United States at 7,005 feet (2,135 m)
State of Colorado 39°00′N 105°30′W / 39.000°N 105.500°W / 39.000; -105.500 (State of Colorado) – highest U.S. state based on an average elevation of 6,800 feet (2,100 m)
Mount Mitchell, North Carolina 35°45′53″N 82°15′54″W / 35.76472°N 82.26500°W / 35.76472; -82.26500 (Mount Mitchell) – highest point in eastern United States at 6,684 feet (2,037 m)
Mount Washington, New Hampshire 44°16′13″N 71°18′12″W / 44.27028°N 71.30333°W / 44.27028; -71.30333 (Mount Washington) – highest point in northeastern United States at 6,288 feet (1,917 m)
Arikaree River, Yuma County, Colorado at Kansas state line 39°58′42″N 102°3′6″W / 39.97833°N 102.05167°W / 39.97833; -102.05167 (Arikaree River) – highest U.S. state low point at 3,317 feet (1,011 m)
Beech Mountain, North Carolina 36°12′23″N 81°52′59″W / 36.20639°N 81.88306°W / 36.20639; -81.88306 is the highest incorporated community at an elevation of 5,506 feet (1,678 m) east of the Mississippi River.
Boone, North Carolina 36°12′41″N 81°40′7″W / 36.21139°N 81.66861°W / 36.21139; -81.66861 has the highest elevation (3,333 feet, 1015.9 m) of any town of its size (over 10,000 population) east of the Mississippi River.
Eisenhower Tunnel, west of Denver, Colorado, is the highest point on the Interstate Highway System, at 11,158 feet (3,401 m).

text: Lowest points[edit]

text:
Badwater Basin, Death Valley, California, 36°14′23″N 116°50′5″W / 36.23972°N 116.83472°W / 36.23972; -116.83472 (Badwater Basin) – lowest surface point in all U.S. territory and North America, at −279 feet (−85 m)[13]
Salton Sea, California, 33°19′59″N 115°50′3″W / 33.33306°N 115.83417°W / 33.33306; -115.83417 (Salton Sea) – lowest lake in all U.S. territory and North America, at −226 feet (−69 m)
Furnace Creek Airport, California 36°27′50″N 116°52′53″W / 36.46389°N 116.88139°W / 36.46389; -116.88139 (Furnace Creek Airport) – lowest airfield in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at −210 feet (−64 m)
Furnace Creek, California,[14] 36°27′29″N 116°52′15″W / 36.45806°N 116.87083°W / 36.45806; -116.87083 (Furnace Creek, California) – lowest settlement in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at −190 feet (−58 m)
Calipatria, California, 33°07′32″N 115°30′51″W / 33.12556°N 115.51417°W / 33.12556; -115.51417 (Calipatria, California) – lowest city in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at −184 feet (−56 m)
Ninth Ward of New Orleans, Louisiana, 30°02′40″N 89°56′47″W / 30.04444°N 89.94639°W / 30.04444; -89.94639 (Ninth Ward of New Orleans, LA) – lowest surface point in eastern United States, at −7 feet (−2.1 m)
New Orleans, Louisiana, 29°58′N 90°03′W / 29.967°N 90.050°W / 29.967; -90.050 (New Orleans, Louisiana) – lowest city over 250,000 population in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, with an average elevation of −1.5 feet (−0.46 m)
State of Delaware 39°0′17″N 75°32′46″W / 39.00472°N 75.54611°W / 39.00472; -75.54611 (State of Delaware) – lowest state, with an average elevation of 60 feet (18 m)
Britton Hill, Florida, 30°59′18″N 86°16′55″W / 30.98833°N 86.28194°W / 30.98833; -86.28194 (Britton Hill, FL) – lowest state high point, at 345 feet (105 m)
Lake Superior bottom, Michigan, 46°54′31″N 86°35′52″W / 46.90861°N 86.59778°W / 46.90861; -86.59778 (Deepest Point in Lake Superior) – lowest freshwater point in all U.S. territory, at −732 feet (−223 m)[15]
Puget Sound bottom, Washington, 47°44.9′N 122°25.7′W / 47.7483°N 122.4283°W / 47.7483; -122.4283 (Deepest Point in Puget Sound) – lowest seawater point in the interior of the United States, at −956 feet (−291 m)[16]

text: Other points[edit]

text:
Most remote point in the 50 states: Ipnavik River, National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska, 68°45′N 156°41′W / 68.750°N 156.683°W / 68.750; -156.683 (most remote point); 120 miles (190 km) from nearest habitation
Geographic center of the 50 states: approximately 20 miles (32 km) north of Belle Fourche, South Dakota, 44°58′N 103°46′W / 44.967°N 103.767°W / 44.967; -103.767 (geographic center of 50 states)
Geographic center of the 48 contiguous states: approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Lebanon, Kansas, 39°50′N 98°35′W / 39.833°N 98.583°W / 39.833; -98.583 (geographic center of 48 contiguous states)
Closest to the equator: Baker Island is at 0°11′41″N 176°28′46″W / 0.19472°N 176.47944°W / 0.19472; -176.47944 (Baker Island).[17][18]
The geographic center of North America is at 48°10′N 100°10′W / 48.167°N 100.167°W / 48.167; -100.167 (Geographic center of the North American continent), about 6 miles (10 km) west of Balta, in Pierce County, North Dakota.[19]
The North American pole of inaccessibility is at 43°22′N 101°58′W / 43.367°N 101.967°W / 43.367; -101.967 (North American pole of inaccessibility), about eleven miles (18 km) southeast of the town of Kyle, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, in Bennett County, South Dakota, 1,025 miles (1,650 km) from the nearest coastline.
The southwesternmost point of the contiguous United States is Border Field State Park, California.[20]
The northwesternmost point of the contiguous United States is Cape Flattery, Washington.[21]

text: Islands[edit]

text:
Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi 19°49′15″N 155°28′5″W / 19.82083°N 155.46806°W / 19.82083; -155.46806 (Island of Hawaii) – most extensive island in all U.S. territory at 4,028 square miles (10,430 km2) and tallest island in all U.S. territory and the entire Pacific Ocean at 13,796 feet (4,205 m)
Kodiak Island, Alaska 57°28′N 153°26′W / 57.467°N 153.433°W / 57.467; -153.433 (Kodiak Island) – most extensive Gulf of Alaska island at 3,595.09 square miles (9,311.2 km2)
Island of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico 18°15′N 66°30′W / 18.250°N 66.500°W / 18.250; -66.500 (Island of Puerto Rico) – most extensive island of U.S. Caribbean territory at 3,515.1 square miles (9,104 km2)
Prince of Wales Island, Alaska 55°37′55″N 132°54′27″W / 55.63194°N 132.90750°W / 55.63194; -132.90750 (Prince of Wales Island) – most extensive island of the Alexander Archipelago at 2,577 square miles (6,670 km2)
Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska 63°24′54″N 170°23′58″W / 63.41500°N 170.39944°W / 63.41500; -170.39944 (Saint Lawrence Island) – most extensive Bering Sea island at 1,791.56 square miles (4,640.1 km2)
Unimak Island, Alaska 54°46′6″N 164°11′12″W / 54.76833°N 164.18667°W / 54.76833; -164.18667 (Unimak Island) – most extensive Aleutian island at 1,571.41 square miles (4,069.9 km2)
Long Island, New York 40°52′10″N 73°00′00″W / 40.86944°N 73.00000°W / 40.86944; -73.00000 (Long Island) – most extensive island of the U.S. Atlantic coast at 1,401 square miles (3,630 km2)
Padre Island, Texas 26°50′40″N 97°22′04″W / 26.84444°N 97.36778°W / 26.84444; -97.36778 (Padre Island) – most extensive Gulf of Mexico island at 209 square miles (540 km2) and longest barrier island on Earth at 113 miles (182 km)
Isle Royale in Lake Superior, Michigan 48°0′N 88°55′W / 48.000°N 88.917°W / 48.000; -88.917 (Isle Royale) – most extensive island in a lake in all U.S. territory at 206.73 square miles (535.4 km2)
Whidbey Island, Washington 48°8′11″N 122°34′57″W / 48.13639°N 122.58250°W / 48.13639; -122.58250 (Whidbey Island) – most extensive island of Puget Sound at 168.67 square miles (436.9 km2)
Santa Cruz Island, California 34°0′13″N 119°43′35″W / 34.00361°N 119.72639°W / 34.00361; -119.72639 (Santa Cruz Island) – most extensive of the Channel Islands of California at 97 square miles (250 km2)

text: Lakes[edit]

text:
Lake Michigan-Huron 45°48′N 84°45′W / 45.800°N 84.750°W / 45.800; -84.750 (Lake Michigan-Huron) – largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, at 45,300 square miles (117,000 km2), of which 31,507 square miles (81,600 km2) is within the United States.
Lake Superior 47°42′N 87°30′W / 47.700°N 87.500°W / 47.700; -87.500 – Lying along the Canada–United States border, it is the second largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, at 31,700 sq mi (82,100 km2), of which 20,600 square miles (53,350 km2) is within the United States.[22] It is also North America's largest lake by volume, at 2,900 cu mi (12,000 km3); it is commonly called the largest lake by surface area when Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are not considered one lake.
Great Salt Lake, Utah, 41°10′N 112°35′W / 41.167°N 112.583°W / 41.167; -112.583 (Great Salt Lake) – most extensive endorheic lake, at 1,700 square miles (4,400 km2)
Crater Lake, Oregon, 42°57′N 122°5′W / 42.950°N 122.083°W / 42.950; -122.083 (Deepest point in Crater Lake) – deepest lake, at 1,943 feet (592 m)[23]

text: Rivers[edit]

text:
Mississippi River 29°9′4″N 89°15′12″W / 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333 (Mississippi River) – most extensive river basin at 1,151,000 square miles (2,980,000 km2)
Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson Rivers 29°9′4″N 89°15′12″W / 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333 (Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson Rivers) – longest river system at 3,902 miles (6,280 km)
Missouri River 38°48′49″N 90°7′11″W / 38.81361°N 90.11972°W / 38.81361; -90.11972 (Missouri River) – longest main stem river at 2,341 miles (3,767 km)
Mississippi River 29°9′4″N 89°15′12″W / 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333 (Mississippi River) – longest Gulf of Mexico main stem river at 2,202 miles (3,544 km)
Yukon River 62°35′55″N 164°47′40″W / 62.59861°N 164.79444°W / 62.59861; -164.79444 (Yukon River) – longest Bering Sea main stem river at 1,979 miles (3,185 km)
Colorado River 31°48′57″N 114°48′22″W / 31.81583°N 114.80611°W / 31.81583; -114.80611 (Colorado River) – longest Gulf of California main stem river at 1,450 miles (2,330 km)
Columbia River 46°14′39″N 124°3′29″W / 46.24417°N 124.05806°W / 46.24417; -124.05806 (Columbia River) – longest Pacific Ocean main stem river at 1,243 miles (2,000 km)
Saint Lawrence River 49°40′N 64°30′W / 49.667°N 64.500°W / 49.667; -64.500 (Saint Lawrence River) – longest Atlantic Ocean main stem river at 600 miles (970 km)
Bear River 41°27′30″N 112°17′25″W / 41.45833°N 112.29028°W / 41.45833; -112.29028 (Bear River) – longest endorheic basin main stem river at 491 miles (790 km)

text: Extreme distances[edit]

text:
Greatest east–west distance in the 48 contiguous states: 2,800 miles (4,500 km)
Greatest north–south distance in the 48 contiguous states: 1,650 miles (2,660 km).[24]
Greatest distance between any two points in U.S. territory: 9,514 miles (15,311 km), from Point Udall, Guam, to Point Udall, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (formerly known as Orote Point and East Point, respectively).[25]
Greatest distance between any two points in the 50 states: 5,859 miles (9,429 km), from Kure Atoll, Hawaii, to Log Point, Elliott Key, Florida.[25]
Greatest distance between any two points in the contiguous 48 states: 2,901 miles (4,669 km), from North Farallon Island, California, to Sail Rock, east of West Quoddy Head, Maine.[25]
Greatest distance between any two mainland points in the contiguous 48 states: 2,892 miles (4,654 km), from Point Arena, California, to West Quoddy Head, Maine.[25]
Greatest east–west distance in U.S. territory [?]: 5,823 miles (9,371 km), from Kure Atoll, Hawaii, to Riviera Beach, Florida.[25]


document_title: List of U-boats of Germany

question_text: how many u-boats did germany have in world war 2

text: List of U-boats of Germany

text: World War I–era U-boats[edit]

text: There were some 380 U-boats commissioned into the Kaiserliche Marine in the years before and during World War I. Although the first four German U-boats—U-1, U-2, U-3, and U-4—were commissioned before 1910, all four served in a training capacity during the war. German U-boats used during World War I were divided into three series. The U designation was generally reserved for ocean-going attack torpedo U-boats. The UB designation was used for coastal attack U-boats, while the UC designation was reserved for coastal minelaying U-boats.

text: U-boats[edit]

text: U-boats designed primarily for deep water service were designated with a U prefix and numbered up to 167.

text: U-1 to U-100[edit]

text:
U-1
U-2
U-3
U-4
U-5
U-6
U-7
U-8
U-9
U-10
U-11
U-12
U-13
U-14
U-15
U-16
U-17
U-18
U-19
U-20
U-21
U-22
U-23
U-24
U-25
U-26
U-27
U-28
U-29
U-30
U-31
U-32
U-33
U-34
U-35
U-36
U-37
U-38
U-39
U-40
U-41
U-43
U-44
U-45
U-46
U-47
U-48
U-49
U-50
U-51
U-52
U-53
U-54
U-55
U-56
U-57
U-58
U-59
U-60
U-61
U-62
U-63
U-64
U-65
U-66
U-67
U-68
U-69
U-70
U-71
U-72
U-73
U-74
U-75
U-76
U-77
U-78
U-79
U-80
U-81
U-82
U-83
U-84
U-85
U-86
U-87
U-88
U-89
U-90
U-91
U-92
U-93
U-94
U-95
U-96
U-97
U-98
U-99
U-100

text: U-101 to U-167[edit]

text:
SM U-101
SM U-106
SM U-107
SM U-108
SM U-109
SM U-110
SM U-111
SM U-112
SM U-113
SM U-114
SM U-117
SM U-118
SM U-119
SM U-120
SM U-122
SM U-123
SM U-124
SM U-125
SM U-126
SM U-135
SM U-136
SM U-137
SM U-138
SM U-139
SM U-140
SM U-141
SM U-142
SM U-151
SM U-152
SM U-153
SM U-154
SM U-155
SM U-156
SM U-157
SM U-158
SM U-159
SM U-160
SM U-161
SM U-162
SM U-163
SM U-164
SM U-165
SM U-166
SM U-167

text: UB coastal U-boats[edit]

text: Coastal attack torpedo U-boats were smaller craft intended for operation closer to land. They were designated with a UB prefix and numbered up to 154.

text: UB-1 to UB-100[edit]

text:
UB-1
UB-2
UB-3
UB-4
UB-5
UB-6
UB-7
UB-8
UB-9
UB-10
UB-11
UB-12
UB-13
UB-14
UB-15
UB-16
UB-17
UB-18
UB-19
UB-20
UB-21
UB-22
UB-23
UB-24
UB-25
UB-26
UB-27
UB-28
UB-29
UB-30
UB-31
UB-32
UB-33
UB-34
UB-35
UB-36
UB-37
UB-38
UB-39
UB-40
UB-41
UB-42
UB-43
UB-44
UB-45
UB-46
UB-47
UB-48
UB-49
UB-50
UB-51
UB-52
UB-53
UB-54
UB-55
UB-56
UB-57
UB-58
UB-59
UB-60
UB-61
UB-62
UB-63
UB-64
UB-65
UB-66
UB-67
UB-68
UB-69
UB-70
UB-71
UB-72
UB-73
UB-74
UB-75
UB-76
UB-77
UB-78
UB-79
UB-80
UB-81
UB-82
UB-83
UB-84
UB-85
UB-86
UB-87
UB-88
UB-89
UB-90
UB-91
UB-92
UB-93
UB-94
UB-95
UB-96
UB-97
UB-98
UB-99
UB-100

text: UB-101 to UB-154[edit]

text:
UB-101
UB-102
UB-103
UB-104
UB-105
UB-106
UB-107
UB-108
UB-109
UB-110
UB-111
UB-112
UB-113
UB-114
UB-115
UB-116
UB-117
UB-118
UB-119
UB-120
UB-121
UB-122
UB-123
UB-124
UB-125
UB-126
UB-127
UB-128
UB-129
UB-130
UB-131
UB-132
UB-133
UB-136
UB-142
UB-143
UB-144
UB-145
UB-148
UB-149
UB-150
UB-154

text: UC coastal minelaying U-boats[edit]

text: Coastal minelaying U-boats were smaller vessels intended to mine enemy harbors and approaches. They were designated with a UC prefix and numbered up to 105.

text: UC-1 to UC-105[edit]

text:
UC-1
UC-2
UC-3
UC-4
UC-5
UC-6
UC-7
UC-8
UC-9
UC-10
UC-11
UC-12
UC-13
UC-14
UC-15
UC-16
UC-17
UC-18
UC-19
UC-20
UC-21
UC-22
UC-23
UC-24
UC-25
UC-26
UC-27
UC-28
UC-29
UC-30
UC-31
UC-32
UC-33
UC-34
UC-35
UC-36
UC-37
UC-38
UC-39
UC-40
UC-41
UC-42
UC-43
UC-44
UC-45
UC-46
UC-47
UC-48
UC-49
UC-50
UC-51
UC-52
UC-53
UC-54
UC-55
UC-56
UC-57
UC-58
UC-59
UC-60
UC-61
UC-62
UC-63
UC-64
UC-65
UC-66
UC-67
UC-68
UC-69
UC-70
UC-71
UC-72
UC-73
UC-74
UC-75
UC-76
UC-77
UC-78
UC-79
UC-90
UC-91
UC-92
UC-93
UC-94
UC-95
UC-96
UC-97
UC-98
UC-99
UC-100
UC-101
UC-102
UC-103
UC-104
UC-105

text: Foreign U-boats[edit]

text: At the outbreak of World War I Germany took charge of a number of submarines under construction in German shipyards for other countries.

text:
SM UA (ex-Norwegian A class submarine A-5)
U-66 to U-70 (ex-Austro-Hungarian U-7 class U-7 to U-11)

text: World War II U-boats[edit]

text: In the World War II era, Germany commissioned some 1,250 U-boats into the Kriegsmarine.

text: U-1 to U-100[edit]

text:
U-1
U-2
U-3
U-4
U-5
U-6
U-7
U-8
U-9
U-10
U-11
U-12
U-13
U-14
U-15
U-16
U-17
U-18
U-19
U-20
U-21
U-22
U-23
U-24
U-25
U-26
U-27
U-28
U-29
U-30
U-31
U-32
U-33
U-34
U-35
U-36
U-37
U-38
U-39
U-40
U-41
U-42
U-43
U-44
U-45
U-46
U-47
U-48
U-49
U-50
U-51
U-52
U-53
U-54
U-55
U-56
U-57
U-58
U-59
U-60
U-61
U-62
U-63
U-64
U-65
U-66
U-67
U-68
U-69
U-70
U-71
U-72
U-73
U-74
U-75
U-76
U-77
U-78
U-79
U-80
U-81
U-82
U-83
U-84
U-85
U-86
U-87
U-88
U-89
U-90
U-91
U-92
U-93
U-94
U-95
U-96
U-97
U-98
U-99
U-100

text: U-101 to U-200[edit]

text:
U-101
U-102
U-103
U-104
U-105
U-106
U-107
U-108
U-109
U-110
U-111
U-116
U-117
U-118
U-119
U-120
U-121
U-122
U-123
U-124
U-125
U-126
U-127
U-128
U-129
U-130
U-131
U-132
U-133
U-134
U-135
U-136
U-137
U-138
U-139
U-140
U-141
U-142
U-143
U-144
U-145
U-146
U-147
U-148
U-149
U-150
U-151
U-152
U-153
U-154
U-155
U-156
U-157
U-158
U-159
U-160
U-161
U-162
U-163
U-164
U-165
U-166
U-167
U-168
U-169
U-170
U-171
U-172
U-173
U-174
U-175
U-176
U-177
U-178
U-179
U-180
U-181
U-182
U-183
U-184
U-185
U-186
U-187
U-188
U-189
U-190
U-191
U-192
U-193
U-194
U-195
U-196
U-197
U-198
U-199
U-200

text: U-201 to U-300[edit]

text:
U-201
U-202
U-203
U-204
U-205
U-206
U-207
U-208
U-209
U-210
U-211
U-212
U-213
U-214
U-215
U-216
U-217
U-218
U-219
U-220
U-221
U-222
U-223
U-224
U-225
U-226
U-227
U-228
U-229
U-230
U-231
U-232
U-233
U-234
U-235
U-236
U-237
U-238
U-239
U-240
U-241
U-242
U-243
U-244
U-245
U-246
U-247
U-248
U-249
U-250
U-251
U-252
U-253
U-254
U-255
U-256
U-257
U-258
U-259
U-260
U-261
U-262
U-263
U-264
U-265
U-266
U-267
U-268
U-269
U-270
U-271
U-272
U-273
U-274
U-275
U-276
U-277
U-278
U-279
U-280
U-281
U-282
U-283
U-284
U-285
U-286
U-287
U-288
U-289
U-290
U-291
U-292
U-293
U-294
U-295
U-296
U-297
U-298
U-299
U-300

text: U-301 to U-400[edit]

text:
U-301
U-302
U-303
U-304
U-305
U-306
U-307
U-308
U-309
U-310
U-311
U-312
U-313
U-314
U-315
U-316
U-317
U-318
U-319
U-320
U-321
U-322
U-323
U-324
U-325
U-326
U-327
U-328
U-331
U-332
U-333
U-334
U-335
U-336
U-337
U-338
U-339
U-340
U-341
U-342
U-343
U-344
U-345
U-346
U-347
U-348
U-349
U-350
U-351
U-352
U-353
U-354
U-355
U-356
U-357
U-358
U-359
U-360
U-361
U-362
U-363
U-364
U-365
U-366
U-367
U-368
U-369
U-370
U-371
U-372
U-373
U-374
U-375
U-376
U-377
U-378
U-379
U-380
U-381
U-382
U-383
U-384
U-385
U-386
U-387
U-388
U-389
U-390
U-391
U-392
U-393
U-394
U-396
U-397
U-398
U-399
U-400

text: U-401 to U-500[edit]

text:
U-401
U-402
U-403
U-404
U-405
U-406
U-407
U-408
U-409
U-410
U-411
U-412
U-413
U-414
U-415
U-416
U-417
U-418
U-419
U-420
U-421
U-422
U-423
U-424
U-425
U-426
U-427
U-428
U-429
U-430
U-431
U-432
U-433
U-434
U-435
U-436
U-437
U-438
U-439
U-440
U-441
U-442
U-443
U-444
U-445
U-446
U-447
U-448
U-449
U-450
U-451
U-452
U-453
U-454
U-455
U-456
U-457
U-458
U-459
U-460
U-461
U-462
U-463
U-464
U-465
U-466
U-467
U-468
U-469
U-470
U-471
U-472
U-473
U-475
U-476
U-477
U-478
U-479
U-480
U-481
U-482
U-483
U-484
U-485
U-486
U-487
U-488
U-489
U-490
U-491
U-492
U-493

text: U-501 to U-600[edit]

text:
U-501
U-502
U-503
U-504
U-505
U-506
U-507
U-508
U-509
U-510
U-511
U-512
U-513
U-514
U-515
U-516
U-517
U-518
U-519
U-520
U-521
U-522
U-523
U-524
U-525
U-526
U-527
U-528
U-529
U-530
U-531
U-532
U-533
U-534
U-535
U-536
U-537
U-538
U-539
U-540
U-541
U-542
U-543
U-544
U-545
U-546
U-547
U-548
U-549
U-550
U-551
U-552
U-553
U-554
U-555
U-556
U-557
U-558
U-559
U-560
U-561
U-562
U-563
U-564
U-565
U-566
U-567
U-568
U-569
U-570
U-571
U-572
U-573
U-574
U-575
U-576
U-577
U-578
U-579
U-580
U-581
U-582
U-583
U-584
U-585
U-586
U-587
U-588
U-589
U-590
U-591
U-592
U-593
U-594
U-595
U-596
U-597
U-598
U-599
U-600

text: U-601 to U-700[edit]

text:
U-601
U-602
U-603
U-604
U-605
U-606
U-607
U-608
U-609
U-610
U-611
U-612
U-613
U-614
U-615
U-616
U-617
U-618
U-619
U-620
U-621
U-622
U-623
U-624
U-625
U-626
U-627
U-628
U-629
U-630
U-631
U-632
U-633
U-634
U-635
U-636
U-637
U-638
U-639
U-640
U-641
U-642
U-643
U-644
U-645
U-646
U-647
U-648
U-649
U-650
U-651
U-652
U-653
U-654
U-655
U-656
U-657
U-658
U-659
U-660
U-661
U-662
U-663
U-664
U-665
U-666
U-667
U-668
U-669
U-670
U-671
U-672
U-673
U-674
U-675
U-676
U-677
U-678
U-679
U-680
U-681
U-682
U-683

text: U-701 to U-800[edit]

text:
U-701
U-702
U-703
U-704
U-705
U-706
U-707
U-708
U-709
U-710
U-711
U-712
U-713
U-714
U-715
U-716
U-717
U-718
U-719
U-720
U-721
U-722
U-731
U-732
U-733
U-734
U-735
U-736
U-737
U-738
U-739
U-740
U-741
U-742
U-743
U-744
U-745
U-746
U-747
U-748
U-749
U-750
U-751
U-752
U-753
U-754
U-755
U-756
U-757
U-758
U-759
U-760
U-761
U-762
U-763
U-764
U-765
U-766
U-767
U-768
U-771
U-772
U-773
U-774
U-775
U-776
U-777
U-778
U-779
U-792
U-793
U-794
U-795

text: U-801 to U-900[edit]

text:
U-801
U-802
U-803
U-804
U-805
U-806
U-821
U-822
U-825
U-826
U-827
U-828
U-841
U-842
U-843
U-844
U-845
U-846
U-847
U-848
U-849
U-850
U-851
U-852
U-853
U-854
U-855
U-856
U-857
U-858
U-859
U-860
U-861
U-862
U-863
U-864
U-865
U-866
U-867
U-868
U-869
U-870
U-871
U-872
U-873
U-874
U-875
U-876
U-877
U-878
U-879
U-880
U-881
U-883
U-889

text: U-901 to U-1000[edit]

text:
U-901
U-903
U-904
U-905
U-907
U-921
U-922
U-923
U-924
U-925
U-926
U-927
U-928
U-929
U-930
U-951
U-952
U-953
U-954
U-955
U-956
U-957
U-958
U-959
U-960
U-961
U-962
U-963
U-964
U-965
U-966
U-967
U-968
U-969
U-970
U-971
U-972
U-973
U-974
U-975
U-976
U-977
U-978
U-979
U-980
U-981
U-982
U-983
U-984
U-985
U-986
U-987
U-988
U-989
U-990
U-991
U-992
U-993
U-994
U-995
U-997
U-998
U-999
U-1000

text: U-1001 to U-2000[edit]

text:
U-1001
U-1002
U-1003
U-1004
U-1005
U-1006
U-1007
U-1008
U-1009
U-1010
U-1013
U-1014
U-1015
U-1016
U-1017
U-1018
U-1019
U-1020
U-1021
U-1022
U-1023
U-1024
U-1025
U-1051
U-1052
U-1053
U-1054
U-1055
U-1056
U-1057
U-1058
U-1059
U-1060
U-1061
U-1062
U-1063
U-1064
U-1065
U-1101
U-1102
U-1103
U-1104
U-1105
U-1106
U-1107
U-1108
U-1109
U-1110
U-1131
U-1132
U-1161
U-1162
U-1163
U-1164
U-1165
U-1166
U-1167
U-1168
U-1169
U-1170
U-1171
U-1172
U-1191
U-1192
U-1193
U-1194
U-1195
U-1196
U-1197
U-1198
U-1199
U-1200
U-1201
U-1202
U-1203
U-1204
U-1205
U-1206
U-1207
U-1208
U-1209
U-1210
U-1221
U-1222
U-1223
U-1224
U-1225
U-1226
U-1227
U-1228
U-1229
U-1230
U-1231
U-1232
U-1233
U-1234
U-1235
U-1271
U-1272
U-1273
U-1274
U-1275
U-1276
U-1277
U-1278
U-1279
U-1301
U-1302
U-1303
U-1304
U-1305
U-1306
U-1307
U-1308
U-1405
U-1406
U-1407

text: U-2001 to U-3000[edit]

text:
U-2321
U-2322
U-2323
U-2324
U-2325
U-2326
U-2327
U-2328
U-2329
U-2330
U-2331
U-2332
U-2333
U-2334
U-2335
U-2336
U-2337
U-2338
U-2339
U-2340
U-2341
U-2342
U-2343
U-2344
U-2345
U-2346
U-2347
U-2348
U-2349
U-2350
U-2351
U-2352
U-2353
U-2354
U-2355
U-2356
U-2357
U-2358
U-2359
U-2360
U-2361
U-2362
U-2363
U-2364
U-2365
U-2366
U-2367
U-2368
U-2369
U-2371
U-2501
U-2502
U-2503
U-2504
U-2505
U-2506
U-2507
U-2508
U-2509
U-2510
U-2511
U-2512
U-2513
U-2514
U-2515
U-2516
U-2517
U-2518
U-2519
U-2520
U-2521
U-2522
U-2523
U-2524
U-2525
U-2526
U-2527
U-2528
U-2529
U-2530
U-2531
U-2533
U-2534
U-2535
U-2536
U-2538
U-2539
U-2540
U-2541
U-2542
U-2543
U-2544
U-2545
U-2546
U-2548
U-2551
U-2552

text: U-3001 to U-5000[edit]

text:
U-3001
U-3002
U-3003
U-3004
U-3005
U-3006
U-3007
U-3008
U-3009
U-3010
U-3011
U-3012
U-3013
U-3014
U-3015
U-3016
U-3017
U-3018
U-3019
U-3020
U-3021
U-3022
U-3023
U-3024
U-3025
U-3026
U-3027
U-3028
U-3029
U-3030
U-3031
U-3032
U-3033
U-3034
U-3035
U-3037
U-3038
U-3039
U-3040
U-3041
U-3044
U-3501
U-3502
U-3503
U-3504
U-3505
U-3506
U-3507
U-3508
U-3509
U-3510
U-3511
U-3512
U-3513
U-3514
U-3515
U-3516
U-3517
U-3518
U-3519
U-3520
U-3521
U-3522
U-3523
U-3524
U-3525
U-3526
U-3527
U-3528
U-3529
U-3530
U-4701
U-4702
U-4703
U-4704
U-4705
U-4706
U-4707
U-4709
U-4710
U-4711
U-4712

text: U-5001 to U-6500[edit]

text: The range of U-5000 to U-6442 was specifically allocated to German midget submarines. The following Seehund Type XXVIIB U-boats were entered into the Kriegsmarine registry as commissioned vessels

text:
U-5001
U-5002
U-5003
U-5004
U-5005
U-5006
U-5007
U-5008
U-5009
U-5010
U-5011
U-5012
U-5013
U-5014
U-5015
U-5016
U-5017
U-5018
U-5019
U-5020
U-5021
U-5022
U-5023
U-5024
U-5025
U-5026
U-5027
U-5028
U-5029
U-5030
U-5031
U-5032
U-5033
U-5034
U-5035
U-5036
U-5037
U-5038
U-5039
U-5040
U-5041
U-5042
U-5043
U-5044
U-5045
U-5046
U-5047
U-5048
U-5049
U-5050
U-5051
U-5052
U-5053
U-5054
U-5055
U-5056
U-5057
U-5058
U-5059
U-5060
U-5061
U-5062
U-5063
U-5064
U-5065
U-5066
U-5067
U-5068
U-5069
U-5070
U-5071
U-5072
U-5073
U-5074
U-5075
U-5076
U-5077
U-5078
U-5079
U-5080
U-5081
U-5082
U-5083
U-5084
U-5085
U-5086
U-5087
U-5088
U-5089
U-5090
U-5091
U-5092
U-5093
U-5094
U-5095
U-5096
U-5097
U-5098
U-5099
U-5100
U-5101
U-5102
U-5103
U-5104
U-5105
U-5106
U-5107
U-5108
U-5109
U-5110
U-5111
U-5112
U-5113
U-5114
U-5115
U-5116
U-5117
U-5118
U-5251
U-5252
U-5253
U-5254
U-5255
U-5256
U-5257
U-5258
U-5259
U-5260
U-5261
U-5262
U-5263
U-5264
U-5265
U-5266
U-5267
U-5268
U-5269
U-5330

text: Foreign U-boats[edit]

text: Germany captured and commissioned 14 submarines from six countries into the Kriegsmarine during World War II.

text:
Turkey

UA

United Kingdom

UB

Norway

UC-1
UC-2

Netherlands

UD-1
UD-2
UD-3
UD-4
UD-5

France

UF-1
UF-2
UF-3

Italy

UIT-22
UIT-23
UIT-24
UIT-25

text: Post–World War II U-boats[edit]

text:
Wilhelm Bauer (ex U-2540)
U-1 (S180)
U-2 (S181)
U-3 (S182)
U-4 (S183)
U-5 (S184)
U-6 (S185)
U-7 (S186)
U-8 (S187)
U-9 (S188)
U-10 (S189)
U-11 (S190)
U-12 (S191)
U-13 (S192)
U-14 (S193)
U-15 (S194)
U-16 (S195)
U-17 (S196)
U-18 (S197)
U-19 (S198)
U-20 (S199)
U-21 (S170)
U-22 (S171)
U-23 (S172)
U-24 (S173)
U-25 (S174)
U-26 (S175)
U-27 (S176)
U-28 (S177)
U-29 (S178)
U-30 (S179)
U-31 (S181)
U-32 (S182)
U-33 (S183)
U-34 (S184)
U-35 (S185)
U-36 (S186)


document_title: Don't Leave (Snakehips and MØ song)

question_text: who is the guy in the don't leave music video

question_tokens: who is the guy in the do n 't leave music video

text: Don't Leave (Snakehips and MØ song)

text: Promotion[edit]

text: "Don't Leave" was accompanied by a lyric video upon its release.[2]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The official music video for the song was released through Snakehips YouTube account on 19 January 2017, and it was directed by Malia James.[3] The music video also features sequences of MØ alongside Italian model Francesco Cuizza.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2017)
Peak
position

Australia (ARIA)[4]
11

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[5]
62

Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[6]
1

Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[7]
9

Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[8]
52

Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[9]
20

Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[10]
60

Denmark (Tracklisten)[11]
11

France (SNEP)[12]
139

Germany (Official German Charts)[13]
84

Ireland (IRMA)[14]
23

Italy (FIMI)[15]
80

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[16]
67

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17]
16

Norway (VG-lista)[18]
20

Portugal (AFP)[19]
68

Scotland (Official Charts Company)[20]
18

Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[21]
49

Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[22]
40

Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[23]
78

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[24]
78

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[25]
27

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[26]
2× Platinum
140,000^

Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[27]
Gold
15,000^

New Zealand (RMNZ)[28]
Gold
15,000*

United Kingdom (BPI)[29]
Silver
200,000

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone