document_title: Dodgers–Giants rivalry

question_text: how many times have the giants beat the dodgers

text: Dodgers–Giants rivalry

text: Origins and early years[edit]

text: In the 1880s, New York City played host to a number of professional baseball clubs in the National League and the American Association. By 1889, each league had but one representative in New York—the Giants and Dodgers—and the teams met in an early version of the World's Championship Series in which the Giants defeated the Dodgers 6 games to 3.[10] In 1890, the Dodgers switched to the National League and the rivalry was officially underway.

text: Although the two teams were natural (geographically proximate and National League) rivals anyway, the animus between the two teams runs deeper than mere competitiveness. Giants fans were seen as well to do elitists of Manhattan while Dodger fans tended to be more blue collar and had more Latinos as fans due to what was then the working class atmosphere of Brooklyn. In 1900, a year in which the Dodgers won the pennant and the Giants finished last,[11] Giants owner Andrew Freedman attempted to have the National League split all profits equally, irrespective of the teams’ individual success or failure.

text: In the early 1900s, the rivalry was heightened by a long-standing personal feud (originally a business difference) between Charles Ebbets, owner of the Dodgers, and John McGraw, manager of the Giants. The two used their teams as fighting surrogates, which caused incidents between players both on and off the field, and inflamed local fans' passions sometimes to deadly levels.

text: In 1940, umpire George Magerkurth was brutally beaten during a game by an enraged Dodger fan ostensibly for making a pro-Giants call. The rivalry is said to have been the motive for at least one fan-on-fan homicide, in 1938, and another in 2003 in the parking lot of Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles.[12] Future Dodger manager Joe Torre recalled how he felt threatened being a Giants fan growing up in Brooklyn in the series.[13]

text: During the latter years for both teams in New York, players often engaged in purposeful, aggressive, physical altercations. In 1965, Giants pitcher Juan Marichal knocked Dodger catcher John Roseboro in the head with a bat.[11]

text: A long and balanced history[edit]

text: Since 1901, the Giants and Dodgers have played more head-to-head games than any other two teams in Major League Baseball. In their 2,356 meetings (seasons 1901 through 2012),[1] the Giants have won 1,190 games and the Dodgers have won 1,166. The St. Louis Cardinals, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Cardinals rival Chicago Cubs (in games versus each other) are very close behind in head-to-head tallies from 1901 onwards. In total (1890–2011), they have played 2,346 games against each other.

text: 2010's results continued to reflect the closeness in the rivalry as the Giants won the season series 10 games to 8.

text: If ranked by the number of all-time MLB wins by franchise, the Giants (10,463 wins) and Dodgers (10,157 wins) are number 1 and 3, respectively, number 2 being the Chicago Cubs (10,261 wins). What is notable about the rivalry is not only the balance between the teams but also how both have often played meaningful games late in the year. Since 1951, the Giants and Dodgers have finished 1–2 11 times, and in 3 other years were within several games of both first place and each other. Just as important is the role one team has played as spoiler to the other in the years when they were not directly competing in a pennant race.

text: The New York Giants won the 68-year series against the Brooklyn Dodgers, 722–671. But since relocating to the West Coast in 1958, the Dodgers are ahead in the 945 games played between the two teams as of 2011[update], 487–458.[14]

text: On July 14, 2005, the Giants became the first professional sports team to win 10,000 games with a 4–3 win over the Dodgers.[15]

text: Two Dodgers benefited from controversial calls against the Giants to keep streaks alive that continue to be Major League Records. In 1968, Don Drysdale set the current record for consecutive complete game shutouts (6) with a call against Dick Dietz for not attempting to avoid a bases loaded hit by pitch. In 1988, Orel Hershiser established the current record for consecutive scoreless innings pitched (59) with the benefit of an interference call against Brett Butler for breaking up a double play.[16][17][18][19][20]

text: The Giants have lacked killer instinct in recent years, blowing big division leads to the Dodgers. The Giants blew a 9 1/2 game lead over the Dodgers in 2014 and in 2016, despite the Dodgers missing star pitcher Clayton Kershaw for an extended amount of time, the Giants choked away an 8-game lead over their rivals. Despite this, the Giants have won 3 World Series during the current decade, while the Dodgers are waiting for their first since 1988.

text: Pennant race drama[edit]

text:
One of the most famous pennant races in history is that of 1951. The Dodgers held a 13 1⁄2-game lead over the Giants as late as August 11. Led by rookie Willie Mays, however, the Giants charged through August and September to catch and pass the Dodgers. The Dodgers rallied to win the final game of the season, tying the Giants for first place and necessitating a three-game playoff for the pennant. The Giants won the first game, the Dodgers the second, with the Giants taking the tie-breaking third game with a dramatic ninth-inning home run by Bobby Thomson, a play known as the Shot Heard 'Round the World.
In 1959, the Giants led the Dodgers by three games as late as September 6.[21] However, a late-year three-game sweep of the Giants both eliminated San Francisco from contention and allowed the Dodgers to catch the Milwaukee Braves, whom they defeated two games to none in a three-game playoff en route to winning the World Series. This inaugurated the tight pennant races between the two teams in the 1960s, in which the Giants and Dodgers finished no further than four games apart from each other and first place four times through 1966. In 1965, the Giants went on a 14-game winning streak in early September to take a 4½-game lead, but the Dodgers responded with a 13-game winning streak and won 15 of their final 16 games to beat out the Giants by two games. In 1966, a three-way race between the Dodgers, Giants, and Pirates came down to the last day of the season. The Dodgers went into the second game of a doubleheader with the Phillies ahead of the Giants by one game. Had the Dodgers lost, the Giants would have been ½ game out and would have had to fly to Cincinnati to make up a game that had been rained out earlier in the season. If the Giants won that game, they would then have met the Dodgers in a playoff. But the Dodgers won the second game in Philadelphia to win the pennant by 1 1⁄2 games. In 1971, the Dodgers rallied from a 6½-game September deficit to get within a game of the National League West-leading Giants with one game to play. But while the Dodgers were defeating the Houston Astros, the Giants beat the San Diego Padres to win the division.
The closest finish came in 1962, when the Dodgers, battling injuries and a hitting slump, blew a late lead, producing a Giants-Dodgers tie atop the National League standings at the end of the regular season, just as in 1951. In the ensuing three-game playoff for the pennant, the Giants again took two out of three, with the deciding blow being four runs by the Giants in the ninth inning (as the visiting team this time) to take the series and the pennant. This would prove to be the last best-of-three tiebreaker, as both leagues now use a single-game tie-breaking format. As with 1951, that playoff win turned out to be the Giants' high-water mark of the season, as they lost the World Series to the New York Yankees on both occasions. During the season, Dodgers fan and Brooklyn native Danny Kaye had released a comic song called "D-O-D-G-E-R-S" which portrayed a fanciful game between the two clubs, featuring a miraculous comeback by the "Flatbush Refugees". In the last line, Kaye asked, "Do you think we'll really win the pennant?" The answer turned out to be "No", although they would win the World Series the following year.
The Dodgers brutally returned the favor in 2004. After virtually every other reliever in the Giants bullpen had attempted to preserve a 3-0 lead going into the bottom of the ninth, several walks and an error set the stage for Steve Finley's dramatic grand slam off of Wayne Franklin, which clinched the division title for the Dodgers. Even with the wild card still up for grabs, this proved disastrous for the Giants – despite ace Jason Schmidt's fine performance in a 10–0 rout over the Dodgers the following day, an Astros win during the game eliminated the Giants entirely from playoff contention. Had the Giants maintained their lead in the previous game and Schmidt performed similarly, the Giants would have forced a one-game playoff in San Francisco between the Giants and Dodgers for the division crown. Ironically, Finley and Schmidt would switch teams with each other in later seasons.
In 2014, Clayton Kershaw and the Dodgers shut down the Giants 5–1 late in the season, giving the Dodgers their second straight NL West crown. Of the 19 games played between the two teams that year, Kershaw and fellow starter Zack Greinke had gone a combined 8–0 against the Giants, resulting in a record of 10–9 and the Dodgers' first season series victory over the Giants since 2009. The Giants qualified for the playoffs two days later, earning the NL's second wild card. However, the Dodgers were eventually eliminated by the Cardinals for the second straight year in their NLDS, after which the Giants defeated the Cardinals in the NLCS and ultimately won the World Series against the Kansas City Royals, winning their 10th straight postseason series victory (including the NL wild card game) and third World Series in five years.

text: Spoilers[edit]

text: When not tied for first during the last few days of the season, both teams have a long and storied history of eliminating their rival from playoff contention.

text:
Prior to the 1934 season, Giants manager Bill Terry was asked his opinion of various teams for the upcoming campaign, including the Dodgers. His response of "Are they still in the league?" was to prove provocative. While the Dodgers struggled, the Giants found themselves tied with the St. Louis Cardinals atop the National League with two games left to play, and facing the sixth-place Dodgers for a two-game series in Brooklyn. Despite winning 14 of 22 from the Dodgers that year, the Giants lost those last two to the "Flatbush spoilers" and the pennant to the Cardinals, who won their final two games.[22][23]
In 1980, the Dodgers blew an eighth-inning lead at San Francisco in the last game of the second-to-last series of the year. This loss dropped the Dodgers three games behind the Astros and cost them the chance to win the National League West division outright when they swept Houston in the final three games of the year. Instead, they were forced to play the Astros in a one-game playoff – which they lost.
In 1982, the Dodgers and Giants were tied for second in the NL West, both one game behind the Atlanta Braves, as they faced each other in the final three games of the year. The Dodgers won the first two games 4–0 and 15–4 to eliminate the Giants, but then the Giants knocked the Dodgers out of the pennant race on the season's last day on an eighth-inning three-run home run by Joe Morgan, winning the game 5–3. Thus, the Braves finished first by one game.
The Giants did it again in 1991, as the Dodgers finished one game behind the Braves after dropping two of three in San Francisco over the final weekend. Trevor Wilson tossed a complete game shutout on the day in which the Dodgers were eliminated.
The Dodgers responded in kind in 1993, as two Mike Piazza home runs and a dominant complete-game performance by Kevin Gross resulted in a 12–1 walloping on the final day of the season that kept the 103-win Giants out of the playoffs in what many consider the last true pennant race (before implementation of the wild card). True to the balanced spirit of the rivalry, despite winning the first three games of that four-game series in Los Angeles, the Giants were unable to sweep the Dodgers at their home park in a four-game series for the first time since 1923, and the Braves won the division by one game. Coincidentally, Piazza's 1993 heroics occurred on October 3, a date which until then had featured two pennant-clinching Giant victories over the Dodgers (1951 and 1962) and one dramatic elimination of their arch-foe (1982).
In 1997, a late September two-game sweep of the Dodgers at Candlestick Park highlighted by Barry Bonds' twirl after a home run in the first game and Brian Johnson's heroic home run in the bottom of the 12th in the second tied the Giants with the Dodgers for first place and eventually propelled them into the playoffs. The impact on both organizations was significant; Fred Claire, who was then general manager of the Dodgers, said "those two days have stayed with me for the last 10 years", and Los Angeles Times sports columnist Bill Plaschke argued that "it led to an organizational upheaval...(from which) (i)t has taken the Dodgers nearly a decade to recover."[24] In contrast, the Giants' run from 1997 through 2003 produced the most playoff appearances in that stretch for the franchise since the 1930s.
The Dodgers have done their best to return the favor, however. In 2001, the Giants finished two games behind the Arizona Diamondbacks as the Dodgers took two of the final three games of the year in San Francisco, despite Barry Bonds' record of 73 home runs in the season. In the first game of the series, Bonds hit his record-breaking 71st home run of the season off Chan Ho Park, but the Dodgers won the game, thereby enabling Arizona to clinch the division title and eventually, the World Series.
In 2012, the Dodgers and Giants met in the final series of the regular season. The Dodgers took 2 out of 3, but their 4–3 loss in game 2 of the series eliminated them from wild-card contention, giving the lower wild-card seed to St. Louis. The Giants went on to win the World Series.

text: All of these events and their associated quirks and symbols are relished by the fans of these two teams.

text: In a unique case of the rivalry playing out "indirectly", some New York Mets fans in their championship season of 1969 who happened to have been Brooklyn fans in years past, took vicarious pleasure in the Mets knocking the Chicago Cubs out of the pennant race after the Cubs had been in first place for much of the summer.[25] The Cubs were managed by Leo Durocher, whose Giants had done likewise to the Dodgers in 1951, while the Mets were managed by old Dodgers favorite Gil Hodges.[25]

text: Pennants and championships[edit]

text: The Dodgers won the National League pennant 12 times in Brooklyn, and 10 times in Los Angeles. The Giants won the National League pennant 17 times in New York and 6 times in San Francisco.

text: When the teams were based in New York, the Giants won five world championships, whereas the Dodgers won one. After the move to California, the Dodgers have won five, the Giants three. In both New York and in California, all of one team's world championships preceded the other's first one in that region to date. The Giants' five world championships won in New York preceded the Dodgers' only one in Brooklyn, in 1955. The Dodgers' five world championships won in Los Angeles preceded the Giants' first one in San Francisco, in 2010. All six of the Dodgers' world championships are sandwiched by the Giants' final world championship in New York (1954) and their first in San Francisco (2010).

text: Since 2000, the Giants have advanced to the postseason seven times while the Dodgers have advanced eight times. In that time, the Giants made first-round playoff appearances in 2000, 2003 and 2016, won a National League pennant in 2002, and won the 2010 World Series, 2012 World Series and the 2014 World Series. The Dodgers have made first-round playoff appearances in 2004, 2006, 2014, and 2015, made NLCS appearances in 2008, 2009, 2013, and 2016, and won a National League pennant in 2017.

text: Fan reaction[edit]

text: Ardent fans of each club would be likely to consider the other as their "most hated" rival,[26] enjoying the other team's misfortune almost as much as their own team's success. A typical Giants fan may just as soon ask "Did the Dodgers lose?" as they would "Did the Giants win?" and vice versa. This view is supported by the consistently solid attendance figures for Giants-versus-Dodgers games at both home fields, and increased media coverage as well. A good example of this is that during the final 3 game Dodger-vs-Giants series in 1991, the Giants drew over 150,000 fans. The attendance for these 3 games represented almost 1⁄10 of their total fans (1.7 million) for the entire 81 game home schedule, and prompted at least one reporter on ESPN to wonder if the euphoria in the Bay Area following the games reflected a delusion that the Giants had won the World Series rather than simply knocking the Dodgers out. In 2009, Forbes rated the Giants-Dodgers rivalry the most intense rivalry in baseball due to its lasting competitiveness through the 20th century and both fanbases' willingness to be overcharged for Dodgers-Giants game tickets with a ticket markup of 44% for the 2008 season.[27]

text: During games in Los Angeles, Dodger fans will chant "Giants Suck", "Frisco Sucks" when the Giants are in town and also used to chant "Barry Sucks", referring to former Giant outfielder Barry Bonds, often even when Bonds was not at bat or involved in a defensive play. In San Francisco, Giant fans will chant "Beat L.A." and "Dodgers Suck". A recent expression of these feelings was the 2007 All-Star Game in San Francisco, where the three Dodger All-Stars (catcher Russell Martin and pitchers Brad Penny and Takashi Saito) were roundly booed by partisan fans throughout the festivities.[28] During the final rounds of the 2013 World Baseball Classic, held at San Francisco's AT&T Park, Dodger infielder Hanley Ramírez, competing for his home country, the Dominican Republic, was consistently booed at every appearance and whenever his name was mentioned on the public-address system.

text: Player reaction[edit]

text: The rivalry extends beyond the fans to the players. Jackie Robinson retired rather than report to the Giants after being traded to them by the Dodgers in December of 1956. According to legend and his teammate Tommy Lasorda, he did so because he had come to hate the Giants after ten years in Dodger Blue. This notion has been challenged on the grounds that Robinson would have been 38 years old when the new season began, and simply decided to retire. Nevertheless, in a gesture that transcends this heated rivalry, Robinson's retired blue Dodger numeral '42' hangs in the Giants' home ballpark, AT&T Park, just as it does at all other MLB ballparks in remembrance of Robinson's breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball.[29] Like Robinson, Willie Mays refused to sign with the Dodgers after the 1972 season, and was traded to the New York Mets, the National League successor to both the Giants and Dodgers in New York. Cy Young Award winners Tim Lincecum of the Giants and Clayton Kershaw of the Dodgers have helped keep the rivalry alive in recent years, as both have been the anchors of their respective teams' postseason rotations since 2010.

text: Both teams play in the National League Western Division, and due to the unbalanced schedule, play 19 head-to-head games each year. This is comparable to the 22 games each year that they faced each other in New York and Brooklyn.

text: In 2014, the rivalry intensified when Dodgers outfielder Yasiel Puig flipped his bat when hitting a home run off of Giants pitcher Madison Bumgarner. Since then, the two players have sparked some bench clearing incidents.

text: Notorious incidents[edit]

text: Marichal–Roseboro incident[edit]

text: At Candlestick Park on August 22, 1965, Juan Marichal was involved in a major altercation with John Roseboro.[30][31][32] As the 1965 season neared its climax, the Dodgers were involved in a tight pennant race, entering the game leading the Milwaukee Braves by half a game and the Giants by one and a half games.[33] The incident occurred in the aftermath of the Watts riots near Roseboro's Los Angeles home and while the Dominican Civil War raged in Marichal's home country, so emotions were raw.[34]

text: Maury Wills led off the game with a bunt single off Marichal and, eventually scored a run when Ron Fairly hit a double.[35] Marichal, a fierce competitor, viewed the bunt as a cheap way to get on base and took umbrage with Wills.[32][34] When Wills came up to bat in the second inning, Marichal threw a pitch directly at Wills sending him sprawling to the ground.[32] Willie Mays then led off the bottom of the second inning for the Giants and Dodgers' pitcher Sandy Koufax threw a pitch over Mays' head as a token form of retaliation.[32][34] In the top of the third inning with two outs, Marichal threw a fastball that came close to hitting Fairly, prompting him to dive to the ground.[34] Marichal's act angered the Dodgers sitting in the dugout and home plate umpire Shag Crawford then warned both teams that any further retaliations would not be tolerated.[34]

text: Marichal came to bat in the third inning expecting Koufax to take further retaliation against him but instead, he was startled when Roseboro's return throw to Koufax after the second pitch either brushed his ear or came close enough for him to feel the breeze off the ball.[33] When Marichal confronted Roseboro about the proximity of his throw, Roseboro came out of his crouch with his fists clenched.[33] Marichal afterwards stated that he thought Roseboro was about to attack him and raised his bat, striking Roseboro at least twice over the head with his bat, opening a two-inch gash that sent blood flowing down the catcher's face that required 14 stitches.[30][33] Koufax raced in from the mound to attempt to separate them and was joined by the umpires, players and coaches from both teams.[33] A 14-minute brawl ensued on the field before Koufax, Giants captain Willie Mays and other peacemakers restored order.[30][32] Marichal was ejected from the game and afterwards, National League president Warren Giles suspended him for eight games (two starts), fined him a then-NL record US$1,750[31][36] (equivalent to $13,590 in 2017),[37] and also forbade him from traveling to Dodger Stadium for the final, crucial two-game series of the season.[33] Roseboro filed a $110,000 damage suit against Marichal one week after the incident but, eventually settled out of court for $7,500.[33]

text: Marichal didn't face the Dodgers again until spring training in April 3, 1966. In his first at bat against Marichal since the incident, Roseboro hit a three-run home run.[38] Giants General Manager Chub Feeney approached Dodgers General Manager Buzzy Bavasi to attempt to arrange a handshake between Marichal and Roseboro however, Roseboro declined the offer.[38] Years later, Roseboro stated that he was retaliating for Marichal having thrown at Wills.[33] He explained that Koufax would not throw at batters for fear of hurting them due to the velocity of his pitches so, he decided to take matters into his own hands.[33][34] He further stated that his throwing close to Marichal's ear was, "standard operating procedure", as a form of retribution.[33]

text: Dodger fans were angry at Marichal for several years after the violent incident with Roseboro, and reacted unfavorably when he was signed by the Dodgers in 1975. However, by this time Roseboro had forgiven Marichal, and personally appealed to the fans to calm down. After years of bitterness, Roseboro and Marichal became close friends in the 1980s, getting together occasionally at Old-Timers games, golf tournaments and charity events.[39] Roseboro also personally appealed to the Baseball Writers' Association of America not to hold the incident against Marichal after it passed him over for election to the Hall of Fame two years in a row. Marichal did get elected in 1983, and thanked Roseboro in his induction speech.[40] When Roseboro died in 2002, Marichal served as an honorary pallbearer and told the gathered, "Johnny's forgiving me was one of the best things that happened in my life. I wish I could have had John Roseboro as my catcher."[41] Actor and performance artist Roger Guenver Smith performed his one-man show on the incident, "Juan and John", at the Public Theater in Manhattan in December 2009. Roseboro's daughter, Morgan Fouch Roseboro, attended the debut.

text: Reggie Smith incident[edit]

text: In the 1981 season as a member of the Dodgers, Reggie Smith was taunted by Giants fan Michael Dooley, who then threw a batting helmet at him. Smith then jumped into the stands at Candlestick Park and started punching him. He was ejected from the game, and Dooley was arrested. Five months later, Smith joined the Giants as a free agent.

text: Fan violence[edit]

text: Giants fan Marc Antenorcruz was shot and killed by Dodgers fan Pete Marron on September 19, 2003, in the parking lot of Dodger Stadium, following a late-season Dodgers-Giants game.[42] Marron was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to 50 years in prison. A second defendant, Manuel Hernandez, pleaded no contest to voluntary manslaughter and had his 15-year sentence suspended.[42]

text: There has also been Opening Day violence between the two teams' fans at Dodger Stadium.[43] In 2009, Arthur Alverez, a reputed gang member, went to the Dodgers’ home opener with a couple and another man. After the game, Alverez and the other man, a Dodger fan, began quarreling in the stadium parking lot. Alvarez stabbed the 30-year-old victim several times in the arm, back, and torso. He was arrested in May for suspicion of attempted murder, held on bail for $55,000, and was expected to be tried on May 4, 2009.[44] The trial by jury, held in August of that year, accepted Alvarez's plea of self-defense and acquitted him on the charge of attempted murder.[45]

text: Bryan Stow beating[edit]

text: On March 31, 2011, a 42-year-old Giants fan, Bryan Stow of Santa Cruz, California, was critically injured when he was fighting with two Dodgers fans in the Dodger Stadium parking lot after the Dodgers and Giants opened the 2011 season. The suspects subsequently fled the scene in a vehicle driven by a woman.[43] Stow, a paramedic and father of two, sustained severe injuries to his skull and brain and was placed into a medically induced coma after the incident.[46] An early suspect, a 31-year-old man was arrested in his East Hollywood home by SWAT officers in May 2011 in connection with the crime.[47][48] The man was never formally charged and was declared innocent in July 2011 when Louie Sanchez and Marvin Norwood, of Rialto, were arrested and charged in the crime.[49] Lawyers for Stow say his medical care is expected to cost more than $50 million.[50] On May 24, 2011, Stow's family filed a lawsuit against the Los Angeles Dodgers for $37.5 million for his lifetime care and compensation of lost earnings.[51][52]

text: On September 27, 2011, relatives reported that Stow showed signs of improvement and even went outside for the first time in six months. Stow began an intensive therapy program in the Rehabilitation Trauma Center at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center on October 11, 2011.[53] Doctors have told his family that he will never fully recover.[54] On December 19, 2011, NBC aired the interview with Bryan Stow on the program Rock Center with Brian Williams.[55] On October 25, 2012, he attended Game 2 of the 2012 World Series at AT&T Park against the Detroit Tigers.[56]

text: In April 2013, Stow's insurance company stopped paying for his full-time care in a residential rehabilitation facility and he moved into his parents' home in Capitola, California.[54] Stow returned home on June 13, 2013 for the first time in two years since the attack.[57]

text: On February 20, 2014, Sanchez and Norwood pleaded guilty. Under the plea bargain, Sanchez was sentenced to eight years in prison for felony mayhem and Norwood received four years for felony assault.[58] On July 9, 2014, a jury found the Dodgers organization negligent in Stow's beating. The jury awarded $18 million in damages to Stow; the Dodgers are responsible for one quarter of this total. The remaining amount is to be split between Sanchez and Norwood.[59]

text: Death of Jonathan Denver[edit]

text: On September 25, 2013 at 11:30 pm, a Dodger fan was stabbed to death in front of his father and brother six blocks from AT&T Park, at Third and Harrison streets.[60] The San Francisco medical examiner's office identified the deceased man as Jonathan Denver, 24, of Fort Bragg, California.

text: Two people were arrested in connection with Denver's death after the Giants' 6–4 win over Los Angeles, according to San Francisco Police Chief Greg Suhr. Suhr told the San Francisco Chronicle earlier that the victim of the attack was a Dodgers fan and was wearing Dodgers gear.[61][not in citation given] Michael Montgomery, 21, of Lodi was arrested on suspicion of murder.[62] Montgomery was later released, prosecutors citing insufficient evidence to charge him.[63] His father claimed the stabbing was done in self-defense.[64]

text: According to the official Dodgers Twitter account, Jonathan Denver was the son of a Dodger Stadium security guard.[65]

text: On March 12, 2014, San Francisco District Attorney George Gascón said that his office could not prove that Michael Montgomery did not act in self-defense when he stabbed Denver. According to Gascón, both Denver and his brother collectively weighed about 150 pounds more than Montgomery. According to witnesses, Montgomery had a bottle in his hand for self-defense while Denver was punching him. After Denver's brother grabbed an aluminum chair and hit Montgomery on the head with it, Montgomery dropped the bottle, took out a knife, and stabbed Denver. San Francisco prosecutors ultimately declined to file charges in connection with the case.[66]


document_title: Guns, Germs, and Steel

question_text: what is steel in guns germs and steel

question_tokens: what is steel in guns germs and steel

root

text: Guns, Germs, and Steel

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: The prologue opens with an account of Diamond's conversation with Yali, a New Guinean politician. The conversation turned to the obvious differences in power and technology between Yali's people and the Europeans who dominated the land for 200 years, differences that neither of them considered due to any genetic superiority of Europeans. Yali asked, using the local term "cargo" for inventions and manufactured goods, "Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?" (p. 14)

tag: p

text: Diamond realized the same question seemed to apply elsewhere: "People of Eurasian origin ... dominate ... the world in wealth and power." Other peoples, after having thrown off colonial domination, still lag in wealth and power. Still others, he says, "have been decimated, subjugated, and in some cases even exterminated by European colonialists." (p. 15)

text: The peoples of other continents (sub-Saharan Africans, Native Americans, Aboriginal Australians and New Guineans, and the original inhabitants of tropical Southeast Asia) have been largely conquered, displaced and in some extreme cases – referring to Native Americans, Aboriginal Australians, and South Africa's indigenous Khoisan peoples – largely exterminated by farm-based societies such as Eurasians and Bantu. He believes this is due to these societies' technologic and immunologic advantages, stemming from the early rise of agriculture after the last Ice Age.

text: Title[edit]

text: The book's title is a reference to the means by which farm-based societies conquered populations of other areas and maintained dominance, despite sometimes being vastly outnumbered – superior weapons provided immediate military superiority (guns); Eurasian diseases weakened and reduced local populations, who had no immunity, making it easier to maintain control over them (germs); and durable means of transport (steel) enabled imperialism.

text: Diamond argues geographic, climatic and environmental characteristics which favored early development of stable agricultural societies ultimately led to immunity to diseases endemic in agricultural animals and the development of powerful, organized states capable of dominating others.

text: Outline of theory[edit]

text: Diamond argues that Eurasian civilization is not so much a product of ingenuity, but of opportunity and necessity. That is, civilization is not created out of superior intelligence, but is the result of a chain of developments, each made possible by certain preconditions.

text: The first step towards civilization is the move from nomadic hunter-gatherer to rooted agrarian society. Several conditions are necessary for this transition to occur: access to high-carbohydrate vegetation that endures storage; a climate dry enough to allow storage; and access to animals docile enough for domestication and versatile enough to survive captivity. Control of crops and livestock leads to food surpluses. Surpluses free people to specialize in activities other than sustenance and support population growth. The combination of specialization and population growth leads to the accumulation of social and technologic innovations which build on each other. Large societies develop ruling classes and supporting bureaucracies, which in turn lead to the organization of nation-states and empires.[2]

text: Although agriculture arose in several parts of the world, Eurasia gained an early advantage due to the greater availability of suitable plant and animal species for domestication. In particular, Eurasia has barley, two varieties of wheat, and three protein-rich pulses for food; flax for textiles; and goats, sheep, and cattle. Eurasian grains were richer in protein, easier to sow, and easier to store than American maize or tropical bananas.

text: As early Western Asian civilizations began to trade, they found additional useful animals in adjacent territories, most notably horses and donkeys for use in transport. Diamond identifies 13 species of large animals over 100 pounds (45 kg) domesticated in Eurasia, compared with just one in South America (counting the llama and alpaca as breeds within the same species) and none at all in the rest of the world. Australia and North America suffered from a lack of useful animals due to extinction, probably by human hunting, shortly after the end of the Pleistocene, whilst the only domesticated animals in New Guinea came from the East Asian mainland during the Austronesian settlement some 4,000–5,000 years ago. Sub-Saharan biological relatives of the horse including zebras and onagers proved untameable; and although African elephants can be tamed, it is very difficult to breed them in captivity;[2][3] Diamond describes the small number of domesticated species (14 out of 148 "candidates") as an instance of the Anna Karenina principle: many promising species have just one of several significant difficulties that prevent domestication.

text: Eurasians domesticated goats and sheep for hides, clothing, and cheese; cows for milk; bullocks for tillage of fields and transport; and benign animals such as pigs and chickens. Large domestic animals such as horses and camels offered the considerable military and economic advantages of mobile transport.

text: Eurasia's large landmass and long east-west distance increased these advantages. Its large area provided it with more plant and animal species suitable for domestication, and allowed its people to exchange both innovations and diseases. Its east-west orientation allowed breeds domesticated in one part of the continent to be used elsewhere through similarities in climate and the cycle of seasons. The Americas had difficulty adapting crops domesticated at one latitude for use at other latitudes (and, in North America, adapting crops from one side of the Rocky Mountains to the other). Similarly, Africa was fragmented by its extreme variations in climate from north to south: crops and animals that flourished in one area never reached other areas where they could have flourished, because they could not survive the intervening environment. Europe was the ultimate beneficiary of Eurasia's east-west orientation: in the first millennium BCE, the Mediterranean areas of Europe adopted Southwestern Asia's animals, plants, and agricultural techniques; in the first millennium CE, the rest of Europe followed suit.[2][3]

text: The plentiful supply of food and the dense populations that it supported made division of labor possible. The rise of nonfarming specialists such as craftsmen and scribes accelerated economic growth and technological progress. These economic and technological advantages eventually enabled Europeans to conquer the peoples of the other continents in recent centuries by using the guns and steel of the book's title.

text: Eurasia's dense populations, high levels of trade, and living in close proximity to livestock resulted in widespread transmission of diseases, including from animals to humans. Smallpox, measles, and influenza were the result of close proximity between dense populations of animals and humans. Natural selection forced Eurasians to develop immunity to a wide range of pathogens. When Europeans made contact with the Americas, European diseases (to which Americans had no immunity) ravaged the indigenous American population, rather than the other way around (the "trade" in diseases was a little more balanced in Africa and southern Asia: endemic malaria and yellow fever made these regions notorious as the "white man's grave";[4] and syphilis may have originated in the Americas).[5] The European diseases – the germs of the book's title – decimated indigenous populations so that relatively small numbers of Europeans could maintain their dominance.[2][3]

text: Diamond also proposes geographical explanations for why western European societies, rather than other Eurasian powers such as China, have been the dominant colonizers,[2][6] claiming Europe's geography favored balkanization into smaller, closer, nation-states, bordered by natural barriers of mountains, rivers, and coastline. Threats posed by immediate neighbours ensured governments that suppressed economic and technological progress soon corrected their mistakes or were outcompeted relatively quickly, whilst the region's leading powers changed over time. Other advanced cultures developed in areas whose geography was conducive to large, monolithic, isolated empires, without competitors that might have forced the nation to reverse mistaken policies such as China banning the building of ocean-going ships. Western Europe also benefited from a more temperate climate than Southwestern Asia where intense agriculture ultimately damaged the environment, encouraged desertification, and hurt soil fertility.

text: Agriculture[edit]

text: Guns, Germs, and Steel argues that cities require an ample supply of food, and thus are dependent on agriculture. As farmers do the work of providing food, division of labor allows others freedom to pursue other functions, such as mining and literacy.

text: The crucial trap for the development of agriculture is the availability of wild edible plant species suitable for domestication. Farming arose early in the Fertile Crescent since the area had an abundance of wild wheat and pulse species that were nutritious and easy to domesticate. In contrast, American farmers had to struggle to develop corn as a useful food from its probable wild ancestor, teosinte.

text: Also important to the transition from hunter-gatherer to city-dwelling agrarian societies was the presence of 'large' domesticable animals, raised for meat, work, and long-distance communication. Diamond identifies a mere 14 domesticated large mammal species worldwide. The five most useful (cow, horse, sheep, goat, and pig) are all descendants of species endemic to Eurasia. Of the remaining nine, only two (the llama and alpaca both of South America) are indigenous to a land outside the temperate region of Eurasia.

text: Due to the Anna Karenina principle, surprisingly few animals are suitable for domestication. Diamond identifies six criteria including the animal being sufficiently docile, gregarious, willing to breed in captivity and having a social dominance hierarchy. Therefore, none of the many African mammals such as the zebra, antelope, cape buffalo, and African elephant were ever domesticated (although some can be tamed, they are not easily bred in captivity). The Holocene extinction event eliminated many of the megafauna that, had they survived, might have become candidate species, and Diamond argues that the pattern of extinction is more severe on continents where animals that had no prior experience of humans were exposed to humans who already possessed advanced hunting techniques (e.g. the Americas and Australia).

text: Smaller domesticable animals such as dogs, cats, chickens, and guinea pigs may be valuable in various ways to an agricultural society, but will not be adequate in themselves to sustain large-scale agrarian society. An important example is the use of larger animals such as cattle and horses in plowing land, allowing for much greater crop productivity and the ability to farm a much wider variety of land and soil types than would be possible solely by human muscle power. Large domestic animals also have an important role in the transportation of goods and people over long distances, giving the societies that possess them considerable military and economic advantages.

text: Geography[edit]

text: Diamond also argues that geography shaped human migration, not simply by making travel difficult (particularly by latitude), but by how climates affect where domesticable animals can easily travel and where crops can ideally grow easily due to the sun.

text: The dominant Out of Africa theory holds that modern humans developed east of the Great Rift Valley of the African continent at one time or another. The Sahara kept people from migrating north to the Fertile Crescent, until later when the Nile River valley became accommodating.

text: Diamond continues to describe the story of human development up to the modern era, through the rapid development of technology, and its dire consequences on hunter-gathering cultures around the world.

text: Diamond touches on why the dominant powers of the last 500 years have been West European rather than East Asian (especially Chinese). The Asian areas in which big civilizations arose had geographical features conducive to the formation of large, stable, isolated empires which faced no external pressure to change which led to stagnation. Europe's many natural barriers allowed the development of competing nation-states. Such competition forced the European nations to encourage innovation and avoid technological stagnation.

text: Germs[edit]

text: In the later context of the European colonization of the Americas, 95% of the indigenous populations are believed to have been killed off by diseases brought by the Europeans. Many were killed by infectious diseases such as smallpox and measles. Similar circumstances were observed in the History of Australia (1788-1850) and in History of South Africa. Aboriginal Australians and the Khoikhoi population were decimated by smallpox, measles, influenza and other diseases.[7][8]

text: How was it then that diseases native to the American continents did not kill off Europeans? Diamond posits that the most of these diseases were only developed and sustained in large dense populations in villages and cities; he also states most epidemic diseases evolve from similar diseases of domestic animals. The combined effect of the increased population densities supported by agriculture, and of close human proximity to domesticated animals leading to animal diseases infecting humans, resulted in European societies acquiring a much richer collection of dangerous pathogens to which European people had acquired immunity through natural selection (see the Black Death and other epidemics) during a longer time than was the case for Native American hunter-gatherers and farmers.

text: He mentions the tropical diseases (mainly malaria) that limited European penetration into Africa as an exception. Endemic infectious diseases were also barriers to European colonisation of Southeast Asia and New Guinea.

text: Success and failure[edit]

text: Guns, Germs, and Steel focuses on why some populations succeeded. His later book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, focuses on environmental and other factors that have caused some populations to fail. It is a cautionary book.

text: Intellectual background[edit]

text: In the 1930s, the Annales School in France undertook the study of long-term historical structures by using a synthesis of geography, history, and sociology. Scholars examined the impact of geography, climate, and land use. Although geography had been nearly eliminated as an academic discipline in the United States after the 1960s, several geography-based historical theories were published in the 1990s.[9]

text: In 1991, Jared Diamond already considered the question of "why is it that the Eurasians came to dominate other cultures?" in The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (part four).

text: Reception[edit]

text: Guns, Germs, and Steel won the 1997 Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science.[10] In 1998, it won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, in recognition of its powerful synthesis of many disciplines, and the Royal Society's Rhône-Poulenc Prize for Science Books.[11][12] The National Geographic Society produced a documentary of the same title based on the book that was broadcast on PBS in July 2005.[1]

text: Academic reviews[edit]

text: In a review of Guns, Germs, and Steel that ultimately commended the book, historian Tom Tomlinson wrote, "Given the magnitude of the task he has set himself, it is inevitable that Professor Diamond uses very broad brush-strokes to fill in his argument."[13]

text: Another historian, professor J. R. McNeill, was on the whole complimentary, but thought Diamond oversold geography as an explanation for history and underemphasized cultural autonomy.[3][14]

text: In his last book published in 2000, the anthropologist and geographer James Morris Blaut criticized Guns, Germs, and Steel, among other reasons, for reviving the theory of environmental determinism, and described Diamond as an example of a modern Eurocentric historian.[15] Blaut criticizes Diamond's loose use of the terms "Eurasia" and "innovative", which he believes misleads the reader into presuming that Western Europe is responsible for technological inventions that arose in the Middle East and Asia.[16]

text: Harvard International Relations (IR) scholar Stephen Walt called the book "an exhilarating read" and put it on a list of the ten books every IR student should read.[17]

text: Berkeley economist Brad DeLong describes the book as a "work of complete and total genius."[18]

text: John Brätland, an Austrian school economist of the U.S. Department of the Interior, complained in a Journal of Libertarian Studies article that Guns, Germs, and Steel entirely neglects individual action, concentrating solely on the centralized state; fails to understand how societies form (assessing that societies do not exist or form without a strong government); and ignores various economical institutions, such as monetary exchange that would allow societies to "rationally reckon scarcities and the value of actions required to replace what is depleted through human use." Instead, the author concludes that because there was no sophisticated division of labor, private property rights, and monetary exchange, societies like that on Easter Island could never progress from the nomadic stage to a complex society. Those factors, according to Brätland, are crucial, and at the same time neglected by Diamond. [19]

text: Anthropologist Jason Antrosio describes Guns, Germs, and Steel as a form of 'academic porn'. Diamond’s account makes all the factors of European domination a product of a distant and accidental history and has almost no role for human agency–the ability people have to make decisions and influence outcomes. Europeans become inadvertent, accidental conquerors. Natives succumb passively to their fate. "Jared Diamond has done a huge disservice to the telling of human history. He has tremendously distorted the role of domestication and agriculture in that history. Unfortunately his story-telling abilities are so compelling that he has seduced a generation of college-educated readers." [20]

text: Other critiques have been made over the author’s position on the agricultural revolution.[21][22] The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists.[23] In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[24]

text: Publication[edit]

text: Guns, Germs, and Steel was first published by W. W. Norton in March 1997. It was subsequently published in Great Britain under the title Guns, Germs, and Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years by Vintage in 1998 (ISBN 978-0099302780).[25] It was a selection of Book of the Month Club, History Book Club, Quality Paperback Book Club, and Newbridge Book Club.[26]

text: In 2003 and 2007, the author published new English-language editions that included information collected since the previous editions. The new information did not change any of the original edition's conclusions.[27]


document_title: Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)

question_text: who played the hatter in alice through the looking glass

text: Plot[edit]

text: Alice Kingsleigh has spent the past three years following in her father's footsteps and sailing the high seas. Upon her return to London from China, she learns her ex-fiancé, Hamish Ascot, has taken over his father's company and plans to have Alice sell him over her father's ship in exchange for her family home.[clarification needed] Alice follows a butterfly she recognizes as Absolem and returns to Wonderland through a mirror.

text: Alice is greeted by the White Queen, the White Rabbit, the Tweedles, the Dormouse, the March Hare, Bayard and the Cheshire Cat. They inform her that the Mad Hatter, Tarrant Hightopp, is acting madder than usual because his family is missing. Alice tries to console him, but the Mad Hatter remains sure of his family's survival of the Attack of the Jabberwocky day.

text: Believing that finding the Hatter's family is the only way to stop his deteriorating health, the White Queen sends Alice to consult Time himself and convince him to save the Hatter's family in the past. The Queen cautions Alice that history will be destroyed if anyone sees their past or future self. Upon visiting Time's palace, Alice finds the Chronosphere, an object that powers all time in Underland.

text: After being told by Time that altering the past is impossible, Alice steals the Chronosphere and travels back in time, shortly after finding the exiled Red Queen, Iracebeth of Crims, is in the care of Time. The Red Queen urges Time to go after Alice. Alice accidentally flies to the day of Iracebeth's coronation, where a younger Tarrant begins a mockery of the Red Queen when the royal crown does not fit her abnormal head. This causes Iracebeth to melt down. Her father deems her inappropriate to rule and passes the title of queen to her younger sister Mirana, the White Queen.

text: Alice learns of an event in Iracebeth and Mirana's past that caused friction between the two, and she travels back in time again, hoping it will change Iracebeth's ways and cease the Jabberwocky from killing the Hatter's family. The young Mirana steals a tart from her mother and eats it. When confronted by their mother, Mirana lies about eating the tart, and Iracebeth is accused, causing her to run out of the castle in sadness. Alice sees her about to run into a clock, the event that deforms her head and personality. She is able to get the clock out of the way, but fails to change the past as Iracebeth trips and slams her head anyway.

text: Alice is then confronted by a weakened Time, who scolds her for putting all of time in danger. She runs into a nearby mirror back into the real world, where she wakes up in a mental hospital, diagnosed with female hysteria. By the help of her mother, she returns to Underland, where she travels to the Attack of the Jabberwocky and discovers that the Hatter's family never died, but were captured by Iracebeth. Returning to the present, Alice discovers the Hatter at the brink of death.

text: After Alice tearfully says that she believes him, Tarrant awakens and reforms back to his normal self. The Underlanders go to the Red Queen's castle, where Tarrant finds his family shrunk and trapped in an ant farm. Iracebeth apprehends them and steals the Chronosphere from Alice, taking Mirana back to the day she lied about the tart. By the time Tarrant and Alice get there, Iracebeth and her past self see each other. Time becomes irrelevant, and Underland begins to freeze. Using the Chronosphere, Alice and the Hatter race back to the present, where Alice is able to place the Chronosphere back in its original place.

text: With the Chronosphere stabilized, Underland reverts to normal. The Hatter reunites with his family. Mirana apologizes to Iracebeth for lying, and both of them make amends. Alice bids her friends farewell and returns to the real world where her mother refuses to return Alice's ship over to Hamish, and the two set to travel the world together with their own company.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Actor

Character

Character Description/Additional Info

Mia Wasikowska[3]
Alice Kingsleigh
Based on the Alice character

Johnny Depp[3]
Tarrant Hightopp
Based on the Mad Hatter character

Helena Bonham Carter[3]
Iracebeth
Based on the Red Queen character

Anne Hathaway[3]
Mirana
Based on the White Queen character

Sacha Baron Cohen[3]
Time
A powerful Father Time-godlike human/clockwork hybrid who speaks in a German accent and rules over all of time "himself" in Underland using the Chronosphere in his castle

Rhys Ifans[3]
Zanik Hightopp
Tarrant Hightopp's father

Matt Lucas[3]
Tweedledum/Tweedledee
Based on the Tweedledum and Tweedledee characters

Lindsay Duncan
Helen Kingsleigh
Alice's mother

Leo Bill
Hamish Ascot
Now "Lord Ascot" following his father's death

Geraldine James
Lady Ascot
Hamish's mother

Andrew Scott[4]
Dr. Addison Bennett
A cruel psychiatric doctor

Richard Armitage
King Oleron
Iracebeth and Mirana's father

Ed Speleers[3]
James Harcourt
An employee of the Ascots

Alan Rickman[3]
Absolem
Based on the Butterfly character

Timothy Spall[3]
Bayard Hamar
Based on the Puppy character

Paul Whitehouse[3]
Thackery Earwicket
Based on the March Hare character

Stephen Fry[3]
Chessur
Based on the Cheshire Cat character

Barbara Windsor[3]
Mallymkun
Based on the Dormouse character

Michael Sheen[3]
Nivens McTwisp
Based on the White Rabbit character

Matt Vogel[5]
Wilkins
Time's long-suffering manservant. Toby Jones was originally announced in the role.

Paul Hunter
White Chess King
A chess piece

Wally Wingert[6]
Humpty Dumpty
John Sessions was originally slated to voice the character.

Meera Syal
Nobody
N/A

Hattie Morahan
Queen Elsemere
Iracebeth and Mirana's mother

Louis Ashbourne Serkis[7]
Young Tarrant Hightopp
N/A

Joanna Bobin
Alexandra Ascot
Hamish's wife

Leilah de Meza[8]
Young Iracebeth
N/A

Amelia Crouch[9]
Young Mirana
N/A

Simone Kirby
Tyva Hightopp
Tarrant Hightopp's mother

Joe Hurst
Bim Hightopp
N/A

Oliver Hawkes
Young Bim Hightopp
N/A

Siobhan Redmond
Bumalic Hightopp
N/A

Frederick Warder
Poomally Hightopp
N/A

Eve Hedderwick Turner
Baloo Hightopp
N/A

Tom Godwin
Pimlick Hightopp
N/A

Edward Petherbridge
Gentleman Fish
N/A

Owain Rhys Davies
Delivery Frog
N/A

tag: table

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was announced via Variety in December 2012.[10] Bobin was first approached about the project while doing post-production work on Muppets Most Wanted.[11] Of being asked, Bobin has said that "I just couldn't pass it up", as he has a passion for the works of Lewis Carroll as well as history in general.[12] In July 2013, it was announced that Johnny Depp would return as the Hatter,[13] with Mia Wasikowska's return confirmed the following November.[14] In January 2014 Sacha Baron Cohen joined the cast to play Time.[15] In May 2014, Rhys Ifans joined the cast to play Zanik Hightopp, the Mad Hatter's father.[16] In developing the character of "Time", Bobin sought to avoid creating a "straight-up bad guy", noting that it would be "a bit dull", and also that the role in that universe already existed in the form of The Red Queen.[11] Instead, Bobin sought to make Time a "Twit", further explaining that "There's no one better at playing the confident idiot trope than Sacha Baron Cohen", and adding that "it was very much with Sacha in mind".[11]

text: Principal photography began on August 4, 2014, at Shepperton Studios.[17] In August 2014, filming took place in Gloucester Docks, which included the use of at least four historic ships: Kathleen and May, Irene, Excelsior, and the Earl of Pembroke, the last of which was renamed The Wonder for filming.[18][19][20][21][22] Principal photography ended on October 31, 2014.[23]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Alice Through the Looking Glass: Original Motion Picture SoundtrackFilm score by Danny ElfmanReleased
May 27, 2016Recorded
2016Studio
Abbey Road StudiosGenre
Orchestral, pop rockLength
76:53Label
Walt DisneyProducer
Danny ElfmanDanny Elfman film scores chronology

Goosebumps(2015)

Alice Through the Looking Glass: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack(2016)

Before I Wake(2016)

Singles from Alice Through the Looking Glass: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

"Just Like Fire"Released: April 15, 2016
"Alice"Released: May 27, 2016
"Saving the Ship"Released: May 27, 2016
"Looking Glass"Released: June 1, 2016
"Truth"Released: July 28, 2016
"Story of Time"Released: August 7, 2016
"The Red Queen"Released: October 18, 2016
"The Chronosphere"Released: October 20, 2016

text: The film’s score was composed by Danny Elfman. The soundtrack was released on May 27, 2016, by Walt Disney Records. Pink recorded the song "Just Like Fire" for the film, and also covered Jefferson Airplane's "White Rabbit", only used in the film's promotional material.

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All music composed by Danny Elfman.

text: No.TitleLength1."Alice"6:352."Saving the Ship"3:403."Watching Time"5:104."Looking Glass"3:305."To the Rescue"0:566."Hatter House"3:477."The Red Queen"2:298."The Chronosphere"4:159."Warning Hightopps"2:2310."Tea Time Forever"1:4511."Oceans of Time"1:1512."Hat Heartbreak"2:2713."Asylum Escape"4:0614."Hatter's Deathbed"3:2215."Finding the Family"2:0416."Time Is Up"4:2417."World's End"1:5018."Truth"4:0919."Goodbye Alice"2:1320."Kingsleigh & Kingsleigh"1:1921."Seconds Song"0:1122."Friends United"1:0623."Time's Castle"1:4924."The Seconds"1:5525."Clock Shop"0:5026."They're Alive"2:2327."Story of Time"3:0328."Just Like Fire" (performed by Pink)3:35Total length:76:53

text: Release[edit]

text: Alice Through the Looking Glass premiered in London on May 10, 2016, and was theatrically released on May 27, 2016, in the United States by Walt Disney Pictures.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Alice Through the Looking Glass was released on Blu-ray, DVD and digital download on October 18, 2016, by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.[24][25] It debuted at No. 2 in the Blu-ray Disc sales charts.[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Alice Through the Looking Glass grossed $77 million in the United States and Canada and $222.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $299.5 million, against a production budget of $170 million.[1] The Hollywood Reporter estimated the film lost the studio around $70 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[27]

text: Alice Through the Looking Glass opened in the United States and Canada on May 27, 2016, alongside X-Men: Apocalypse, and was initially projected to gross $55–60 million from 3,763 theaters over its four-day Memorial Day opening weekend, but projections were continuously revised downwards due to poor word of mouth.[28] It had the added benefit of playing in over 3,100 3D theaters, 380 IMAX screens, 77 premium large formats and 79 D-box locations.[29][30] It made $1.5 million from Thursday previews (to the first film's $3.9 million)[31] and just $9.7 million on its first day, compared to the $41 million opening Friday of its predecessor.[32] Through its opening weekend, it earned $27 million, which when compared to its predecessor's $116 million opening is down 70%.[28] While 3D represented 71% ($82 million) of the original film's opening gross, 3D constituted only 41% ($11 million) for this sequel, with 29% coming from traditional 3D shows, 11% from IMAX, and 1% from premium large formats.[33] It was the studio's third production with a low Memorial Day opening after Tomorrowland in 2015 and Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time in 2010.[33] During its first week, the film grossed $40.1 million.[34] In its second weekend, the film grossed $11.3 million (a 55.1% drop), finishing 4th at the box office.[35]

text: The film was released across 43 countries (72% of its total market place) the same weekend as the US, and was estimated to gross $80–100 million in its opening weekend. It faced competition from Warcraft and X-Men: Apocalypse.[36] It ended up grossing $62.7 million, which is well below the projections of which $4.1 million came from IMAX shows.[37] It had an opening weekend gross in Mexico ($4.5 million), Brazil ($4.1 million), and Russia ($3.9 million).[37] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it had an unsuccessful opening by grossing just £2.23 million ($3.1 million) during its opening weekend, a mere 21% of the first film's £10.56 million ($15.2 million) opening from 603 theaters. It debuted in second place behind X-Men: Apocalypse which was on its second weekend of play.[38] In China, it had an opening day of an estimated $7.3 million[39] and went on to score the second biggest Disney live-action (non-Marvel or Lucasfilm) opening ever with $26.6 million, behind only The Jungle Book.[37] However, this was down from its $35–45 million projections.[40] It debuted at the No. 1 spot among newly released film in Japan with $5.2 million and $4.1 million on Saturday and Sunday. By comparison, the first film opened with $14 million on its way to a $133.6 million a total.[41][42]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 29% based on 234 reviews, and an average rating of 4.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Alice Through the Looking Glass is just as visually impressive as its predecessor, but that isn't enough to cover for an underwhelming story that fails to live up to its classic characters."[43] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 34 out of 100 based on 42 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[44] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, the same grade earned by its predecessor.[45]

text: Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote in his review, "What does all this have to do with Lewis Carroll? Hardly anything" and that overall, "It's just an excuse on which to hang two trite overbearing fables and one amusing one".[46] Ty Burr of The Boston Globe gave the movie 1.5 out of 4 stars and called the film, "gaudy, loud, complacent, and vulgar."[47] Stephen Whitty of New York Daily News called the film "hugely expensive and extravagantly stupid" and that, overall, the movie "is just one more silly Hollywood mashup, an innocent fantasy morphed into a noisy would-be blockbuster".[48]

text: Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com was deeply critical of Alice Through the Looking Glass, describing it as "the most offensive kind of film...one that spends an enormous amount of money yet seems to have nothing on its mind but money. You give it, they take it. And you get nothing in return but assurances that you're seeing magic and wonder. The movie keeps repeating it in your ear, and flashing it onscreen in big block letters: MAGIC AND WONDER. MAGIC AND WONDER. But there is no magic, no wonder, just junk rehashed from a movie that was itself a rehash of Lewis Carroll, tricked out with physically unpersuasive characters and landscapes and 'action scenes', with blockbuster 'journey movie' tropes affixed to every set-piece as blatantly as Post-It Notes."[49]

text: Kyle Smith of New York Post gave the film a positive review: "The screenplay (by Linda Woolverton) isn't exactly heaving with brilliant ideas, but it works well enough as a blank canvas against which the special-effects team goes bonkers".[50] Matthew Lickona of San Diego Reader said that while he found the visual effects to be "stupidly expensive" and the story familiar, he called it, "a solid kids’ movie in the old style".[51]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Ref(s)

Golden Raspberry Awards

Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel

Alice Through the Looking Glass

Nominated

[52]

Worst Supporting Actor

Johnny Depp

Worst Screen Combo

Johnny Depp and His Vomitously Vibrant Costume

Golden Trailer Awards

Best Animation Family

"Poem"

[53]

The Don LaFontaine Award for Best Voice Over

"Poem"

Best Fantasy Adventure TV Spot

"Grammys"

Best Original Score TV Spot

"Grammys"

Grammy Awards

Best Song Written For Visual Media

"Just Like Fire" – Oscar Holter, Max Martin, Pink and Shellback

[54]

Hollywood Music in Media Awards

Best Song – Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film

"Just Like Fire" – Oscar Holter, Max Martin, Pink and Shellback

Won

[55][56]

People's Choice Awards

Favorite Family Movie

Alice Through the Looking Glass

Nominated

[57]

Satellite Awards

Best Art Direction and Production Design

Dan Hennah

[58]

Best Costume Design

Colleen Atwood

Saturn Awards

Best Costume Design

Colleen Atwood

[59]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Music: Song from a Movie or TV Show

"Just Like Fire" by Pink

[60]

Visual Effects Society Awards

Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal Feature

Jacob Clark, Joseph Pepper, Klaus Seitschek and Cosku Turhan

[61]


document_title: List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1989

question_text: what was the number one song in the year 1989

text:
These are the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1989. The two longest running number-one singles of 1989 are "Miss You Much" by Janet Jackson and "Another Day in Paradise" by Phil Collins, which each charted at
number-one for four weeks. "Another Day in Paradise" attained two weeks at number-one in 1989 and two more weeks in 1990, achieving four weeks at the top. 1989 ties with 1988 by having the second most #1 hits with 32 songs going to number one.

text: The number one song of the year was "Look Away" by Chicago which, despite having topped the Hot 100 for two weeks the previous December, never held the number one spot during 1989. The highest-charting year-end number one hit song from 1989 was "My Prerogative" by Bobby Brown which reached the number one spot for one week in January and was the number two song of the year.

text:
Issue Date

Song

Artist(s)

Reference

January 7

"Every Rose Has Its Thorn"

Poison

[1]

January 14

"My Prerogative"

Bobby Brown

[2]

January 21

"Two Hearts"

Phil Collins

[3]

January 28

[4]

February 4

"When I'm with You"

Sheriff

[5]

February 11

"Straight Up"

Paula Abdul

[6]

February 18

[7]

February 25

[8]

March 4

"Lost in Your Eyes"

Debbie Gibson

[9]

March 11

[10]

March 18

[11]

March 25

"The Living Years"

Mike + The Mechanics

[12]

April 1

"Eternal Flame"

The Bangles

[13]

April 8

"The Look"

Roxette

[14]

April 15

"She Drives Me Crazy"

Fine Young Cannibals

[15]

April 22

"Like a Prayer"

Madonna

[16]

April 29

[17]

May 6

[18]

May 13

"I'll Be There for You"

Bon Jovi

[19]

May 20

"Forever Your Girl"

Paula Abdul

[20]

May 27

[21]

June 3

"Rock On"

Michael Damian

[22]

June 10

"Wind Beneath My Wings"

Bette Midler

[23]

June 17

"I'll Be Loving You (Forever)"

New Kids on the Block

[24]

June 24

"Satisfied"

Richard Marx

[25]

July 1

"Baby Don't Forget My Number"

Milli Vanilli

[26]

July 8

"Good Thing"

Fine Young Cannibals

[27]

July 15

"If You Don't Know Me By Now"

Simply Red

[28]

July 22

"Toy Soldiers"

Martika

[29]

July 29

[30]

August 5

"Batdance"

Prince

[31]

August 12

"Right Here Waiting"

Richard Marx

[32]

August 19

[33]

August 26

[34]

September 2

"Cold Hearted"

Paula Abdul

[35]

September 9

"Hangin' Tough"

New Kids On the Block

[36]

September 16

"Don't Wanna Lose You"

Gloria Estefan

[37]

September 23

"Girl I'm Gonna Miss You"

Milli Vanilli

[38]

September 30

[39]

October 7

"Miss You Much"

Janet Jackson

[40]

October 14

[41]

October 21

[42]

October 28

[43]

November 4

"Listen to Your Heart"

Roxette

[44]

November 11

"When I See You Smile"

Bad English

[45]

November 18

[46]

November 25

"Blame It on the Rain"

Milli Vanilli

[47]

December 2

[48]

December 9

"We Didn't Start the Fire"

Billy Joel

[49]

December 16

[50]

December 23

"Another Day in Paradise"

Phil Collins

[51]

December 30

[52]