document_title: No-hitter

question_text: who has the most no hitters in baseball

question_tokens: who has the most no hitters in baseball

text: No-hitter

text: Major League Baseball no-hitters[edit]

text: Definition[edit]

text: A no-hitter is defined by Major League Baseball as follows: "An official no-hit game occurs when a pitcher (or pitchers) allows no hits during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings."[1] This definition was specified by MLB's Committee for Statistical Accuracy in 1991, causing previously recognized no-hitters of fewer than nine innings or where the first hit had been allowed in extra innings to be stricken from the official record books. Games lost by the visiting team in 8½ innings but without allowing any hits do not qualify as no-hitters, as the visiting team has only pitched eight innings.[2][3]

text: Frequency[edit]

text: Major League Baseball has officially recognized 296 no-hitters thrown since 1876; only 23 of those were perfect games. Two no-hitters have been thrown on the same day twice: Ted Breitenstein and Jim Hughes on April 22, 1898; and Dave Stewart and Fernando Valenzuela on June 29, 1990.

text: Eight no-hitters were thrown by major league pitchers in the 1884 season. In the modern era (since 1901), seven no-hitters were thrown in 1990, 1991, 2012, and 2015.

text: The longest period between any two no-hitters in the modern era is 7003114000000000000♠3 years, 44 days between Bobby Burke on August 8, 1931, and Paul "Daffy" Dean on September 21, 1934. There was a drought of 3 years, 11 months, without a no-hitter after the first National League no-hitter on July 15, 1876, pitched by George Bradley. The most recent year without any no-hitters is 2005.

text: The greatest span of games without a no-hitter anywhere in the Major Leagues is 6,364, between Randy Johnson's perfect game on May 18, 2004, for the Arizona Diamondbacks, and Aníbal Sánchez's no-hitter on September 6, 2006, for the Florida Marlins. The previous record was a 4,015-game streak without a no-hitter from September 30, 1984, to September 19, 1986.

text: Individual[edit]

text: The pitcher who holds the record for the most no-hitters is Nolan Ryan, who threw seven in his long career. His first two came exactly two months apart, while he was with the California Angels: the first on May 15, 1973, and the second on July 15. He had two more with the Angels on September 28, 1974, and June 1, 1975. Ryan's fifth no-hitter with the Houston Astros on September 26, 1981, broke Sandy Koufax's previous record. His sixth and seventh no-hitters came with the Texas Rangers on June 1, 1990, and May 1, 1991. When he tossed number seven at age 44, he became the oldest pitcher to throw a no-hitter.

text: Only Ryan, Sandy Koufax (four), Cy Young (three), Bob Feller (three), and Larry Corcoran (three) have pitched more than two no-hitters.[4] Corcoran was the first pitcher to throw a second no-hitter in a career (in 1882), as well as the first to throw a third (in 1884).

text: Thirty-six pitchers have thrown more than one no-hitter, combined no-hitters not counting. Randy Johnson has the longest gap between no-hitters: he threw a no-hitter as a member of the Seattle Mariners on June 2, 1990, and a perfect game as an Arizona Diamondback on May 18, 2004.

text: The pitcher who holds the record for the shortest time between no-hitters is Johnny Vander Meer, the only pitcher in history to throw no-hitters in consecutive starts, while playing for the Cincinnati Reds in 1938.[5] Besides Vander Meer, Allie Reynolds (in 1951), Virgil Trucks (in 1952), Ryan (in 1973), and Max Scherzer (in 2015) are the only other major leaguers to throw two no-hitters in the same regular season.

text: Jim Maloney also had two no-hitters under the previous rules in the 1965 season, both of them taken into extra innings. On the first one on June 14, he gave up a home run to Johnny Lewis to open the top of the 11th inning, turning 10 innings of no-hit ball into a 1–0 loss to the New York Mets. According to the rules interpretation of the time, this was considered a no-hitter.[6] On August 19, a home run by Leo Cárdenas in the tenth inning allowed Maloney to earn a 1–0 10-inning no-hit win over the Chicago Cubs.[7]

text: Roy Halladay threw two no-hitters in 2010 – a perfect game during the regular season and a no-hitter in the 2010 National League Division Series. He is the only major leaguer to have thrown no-hitters in regular season and postseason play.

text: Two pitchers missing their non-pitching hand have thrown no-hitters; Hugh Daily, of the Cleveland Blues, defeated the Philadelphia Quakers 1–0 on September 13, 1883, and Jim Abbott, of the New York Yankees, defeated the Cleveland Indians 4–0 on September 4, 1993. Daily lost his left hand in a gun accident as a child, and Abbott was born without a right hand.

text: Edinson Vólquez of the Miami Marlins is the most recent pitcher to throw a no-hitter, the thirty-fifth player to do so, on June 3, 2017.

text: The record for most no-hitters caught by a catcher is four, a record shared by Boston Red Sox catcher Jason Varitek and Philadelphia Phillies catcher Carlos Ruiz. Varitek caught no-hitters for Hideo Nomo, Derek Lowe, Clay Buchholz, and Jon Lester.[8] Varitek also caught a rain-shortened, five-inning unofficial no-hitter for Devern Hansack on October 1, 2006.[9] Ruiz caught two no-hitters for Roy Halladay, including a perfect game, as well as one for Cole Hamels, and a combined no-hitter for Cole Hamels, Jake Diekman, Ken Giles, and Jonathan Papelbon.[10] Before MLB redefined "no-hitter", Ray Schalk had long held the record of catching four no-hitters, but his first nine-inning no-hitter had ended with a hit in the tenth inning.[9][11]

text: Five pitchers have thrown a no-hitter in both the American League and the National League: Cy Young, Ryan, Jim Bunning, Nomo, and Randy Johnson. Only five catchers have caught a no-hitter in each league: Gus Triandos, Jeff Torborg, Darrell Porter, Ron Hassey, and most recently, Drew Butera.[12] Triandos caught Hoyt Wilhelm's 1958 no-hitter and Jim Bunning's perfect game, Torborg caught Koufax's perfect game and Ryan's first no-hitter, Porter caught Jim Colborn's 1977 no-hitter and Bob Forsch's second no-hitter in 1983, and Hassey caught Len Barker's and Dennis Martínez's perfect games. Butera caught a 2011 no-hitter by Francisco Liriano and a 2014 no-hitter by Josh Beckett.[12]

text: Team[edit]

text: No team has thrown no-hitters in consecutive games, although it has happened once on consecutive days: On May 5, 1917, Ernie Koob of the St. Louis Browns no-hit the Chicago White Sox, and teammate Bob Groom repeated the feat in the second game of a doubleheader the following day.

text: On two occasions, there have been back-to-back no-hitters thrown by each team in a series. On September 17, 1968, Gaylord Perry of the San Francisco Giants no-hit the St. Louis Cardinals, and the Cardinals' Ray Washburn no-hit the Giants the following day. On April 30, 1969, Jim Maloney of the Cincinnati Reds no-hit the Houston Astros, and the Astros' Don Wilson no-hit the Reds the following day. Surprisingly, it was both Maloney's and Wilson's 2nd no-hitter in their careers.

text: Teams have thrown two straight no-hitters, with no other teams pitching one in the interim, 19 times; most recently by the Los Angeles Dodgers (Josh Beckett and Clayton Kershaw in 2014). The only team to throw three straight no-hitters was the Milwaukee Braves, with Lew Burdette, followed by consecutive no-no's by Warren Spahn, in 1960 and 1961. Individual pitchers have thrown two straight no-hitters seven times: Addie Joss 1908 and 1910; Vander Meer in 1938; Allie Reynolds in 1951; Warren Spahn in 1960 and 1961; Ryan twice, first in 1973, then in 1974 and 1975; and Bailey. All seven instances were with the same team.

text: The Tampa Bay Rays are the only MLB team to fail to get a hit in three games in a span of 12 months or fewer. No-hit by Arizona's Edwin Jackson on June 25, 2010, the Rays were also the victims of two perfect games: the first by White Sox pitcher Mark Buehrle on July 23, 2009, the second by Oakland's Dallas Braden on May 9, 2010. On August 15, 2012, the Rays were once again on the losing end of a perfect game, this time at the helm of Félix Hernández and the Seattle Mariners.[13]

text: Combined no-hitters[edit]

text: The vast majority of no-hit games are finished by the starting pitcher, but eleven MLB no-hitters have been thrown by a combination of the starting and relief pitchers. The first such combined no-hitter occurred on June 23, 1917, when Ernie Shore of the Boston Red Sox relieved starter Babe Ruth, who had been ejected for arguing with the umpire after walking the first batter of the game. The runner was subsequently caught stealing and Shore retired the next 26 batters without allowing any baserunners. This game was long considered a perfect game for Shore, since he recorded 27 outs in succession; current rules classify it only as a combined no-hitter. Another major league combined no-hitter did not occur until April 30, 1967, when Stu Miller of the Baltimore Orioles recorded the final out in relief of Steve Barber in a 2–1 loss to the Detroit Tigers. The most recent combined no-hitter occurred on September 1, 2014, when the Philadelphia Phillies beat the Atlanta Braves 7-0, as Cole Hamels threw 108 pitches through the first six innings; then Jake Diekman, Ken Giles, and Jonathan Papelbon successively pitched perfect innings to preserve the no-hitter.

text: The only combined extra inning no-hitter to date occurred on July 12, 1997. Pittsburgh Pirates pitchers Francisco Córdova (9 innings) and Ricardo Rincón (1 inning) combined to no-hit the Houston Astros, 3–0. Victory was secured with a three-run walk-off home run by pinch hitter Mark Smith in the bottom of the tenth inning.

text: On June 11, 2003, the Houston Astros set a record with six pitchers involved in a combined no-hitter. On that day, Roy Oswalt, Pete Munro, Kirk Saarloos, Brad Lidge, Octavio Dotel, and Billy Wagner combined to hold the New York Yankees hitless. Oswalt was removed after one inning due to injury. Munro pitched the most innings, 2⅔. He also allowed five of the six baserunners, giving up three walks, hitting a batter and seeing another reach on an error by third baseman Geoff Blum. The only other baserunner was allowed by Dotel, who threw a third-strike wild pitch to Alfonso Soriano with one out in the eighth; Dotel went on to record the forty-fifth four-strikeout inning in regular-season play.[14] Lidge, who retired all six hitters he faced over the sixth and seventh innings, earned the victory. On June 8, 2012, the Seattle Mariners tied this record when Kevin Millwood, Charlie Furbush, Stephen Pryor, Lucas Luetge, Brandon League, and Tom Wilhelmsen combined to no-hit the Los Angeles Dodgers. Millwood pitched 6 innings before he was taken out due to a groin injury.

text: Only one pitcher has thrown a no-hitter as a starter and contributed to a combined no-hitter as a reliever. On September 30, 1984, Mike Witt threw a 1–0 perfect game for the California Angels against the Texas Rangers. On April 11, 1990, pitching the eighth and ninth innings in relief of Mark Langston, Witt earned a save in another 1–0 no-hit victory for the Angels over the Seattle Mariners.

text: Vida Blue, Kent Mercker, Kevin Millwood, and Cole Hamels are the only pitchers to start both a complete game no-hitter and a combined no-hitter. Vida Blue no-hit the Minnesota Twins on September 21, 1970, while pitching for the Oakland Athletics. He combined with Glenn Abbott, Paul Lindblad, and Rollie Fingers to no-hit the California Angels on September 28, 1975. While with the Atlanta Braves in 1991, Mercker, Mark Wohlers and Alejandro Peña no-hit the San Diego Padres in the National League's first combined no-hitter. Mercker threw a complete game no-hitter against the Los Angeles Dodgers on April 8, 1994. In addition to the game above in which Millwood and the Seattle Mariners tied the record by using six pitchers in a no-hitter, Millwood previously threw a complete game no-hitter against the San Francisco Giants on April 27, 2003, while with the Philadelphia Phillies. Both Mercker and Blue were All-Stars in the seasons of their combined no-hitters, and Blue also won the Cy Young Award and the Most Valuable Player Award during his career.

text: Combined no-hitters are considered unofficial by Nippon Professional Baseball.

text: Earliest, latest, title-clinching, and postseason no-hitters[edit]

text: Hideo Nomo threw the earliest no-hitter based on calendar date: April 4, 2001, the second game of the season for the Boston Red Sox, against the Baltimore Orioles. The Cleveland Indians' Bob Feller left the Chicago White Sox hitless in the 1940 season opener on April 16, the only official Opening Day no-hitter.

text: There have been five no-hitters thrown on the final day of the regular season. Bumpus Jones of the Cincinnati Reds ended the season by no-hitting the Pittsburgh Pirates on October 15, 1892; this is also the latest calendar date for a no-hit game thus far. On September 28, 1975, four Oakland A's pitchers (Vida Blue, Glenn Abbott, Paul Lindblad, Rollie Fingers) combined for a season-ending no-hitter against the California Angels. Mike Witt of the California Angels threw a perfect game against the Texas Rangers on September 30, 1984. Henderson Álvarez of the Miami Marlins no-hit the Detroit Tigers on September 29, 2013, to close the regular season. Jordan Zimmermann of the Washington Nationals no-hit the Miami Marlins on the last day of the 2014 season, September 28.

text: The latest regular-season no-hitter by calendar date in the modern era is October 3, achieved by Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals in 2015.

text: The Houston Astros' Mike Scott no-hit the San Francisco Giants on September 25, 1986, a victory that also clinched the National League West title for the Astros; this is the only such occurrence in Major League history to date. In the first game of a doubleheader on September 28, 1951, Allie Reynolds of the New York Yankees pitched a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox which clinched a tie for the American League pennant (the pennant was clinched outright in the doubleheader's second game).

text: There have been two postseason no-hitters in MLB history, one by a pitcher from each league. For the AL, on October 8, 1956, Don Larsen of the New York Yankees threw a perfect game in Game 5 of that year's World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers. The feat had nearly been accomplished nine years earlier by the Yankees' Bill Bevens, who came within one out of a no-hitter (though not a perfect game) against the Brooklyn Dodgers in Game 4 of the 1947 World Series, only to lose the game on a pinch-hit double by Cookie Lavagetto. There have been other one-hitters in the World Series, with the lone hit coming earlier in the game than in Bevens' effort. On October 6, 2010, Roy Halladay of the Philadelphia Phillies, in the first postseason appearance of his career, threw the second no-hitter in postseason history, and first in the NL, in Game 1 of the Phillies' NLDS against the Cincinnati Reds.

text: Rookie no-hitters[edit]

text: Twenty-two MLB rookies have pitched a no-hitter since 1901. Three pitchers have thrown a no-hitter in their first major league starts; two others have done it in their second major league starts.[15]

text: Bumpus Jones of the Cincinnati Reds threw a no-hitter on October 15, 1892 in his first major league game. Jones pitched only eight games in the big leagues, finishing with a career win/loss record of 2–4 and a career earned run average of 7.99.

text: Ted Breitenstein pitched a no-hitter in his first Major League start on October 4, 1891, however, it was not his first Major League game.[16] He later threw a second no-hitter on April 22, 1898.

text: On May 6, 1953, Bobo Holloman pitched a no-hitter for the St. Louis Browns in his first major league start (also not his first major league game). This game would prove to be one of only three major league wins that Holloman achieved, against seven losses, all in 1953. Bill Veeck, then-owner of the Browns, in his autobiography described the 27 outs of Holloman's no-hitter as consisting of hard-hit ground balls, screaming line drives, and deep fly balls. At the other end of the spectrum, there are nine 300-game winners—Grover Cleveland Alexander, Kid Nichols, Lefty Grove, Early Wynn, Steve Carlton, Don Sutton, Greg Maddux, Roger Clemens and Tom Glavine—who failed to pitch a no-hitter.

text: On August 11, 1991, Wilson Álvarez of the Chicago White Sox pitched a no-hitter in his second career major league start. During Alvarez's first career start, he had allowed three runs on a pair of home runs and did not retire a single batter. Unlike Jones and Holloman, Alvarez went on to win 102 games over a 16-year career.

text: Clay Buchholz pitched a no-hitter for the Boston Red Sox in his second major league start on September 1, 2007 at Fenway Park. The game ended in a 10–0 victory for the Red Sox over the Baltimore Orioles.

text: Chris Heston, pitcher for the San Francisco Giants, threw a no-hitter in a 5-0 victory over the New York Mets on June 9, 2015.

text: Nine-inning no-hitters in a losing effort[edit]

text: Unlike a perfect game, in which no batters reach base, in regular no-hitters batters can reach base in other ways, such as a walk, an error, or a hit batsman, thus it is possible for the team pitching the no-hitter to lose. On April 23, 1964, Ken Johnson of the Houston Colt .45s became the only pitcher to lose a complete game no-hitter in nine innings when he was beaten, 1–0, by Cincinnati. The winning run was scored by Pete Rose in the top of the ninth inning via an error, groundout, and another error.[17]

text: On April 30, 1967, Steve Barber and Stu Miller of the Baltimore Orioles pitched a combined no-hitter, but lost 2-1 to the Detroit Tigers.[18]

text: On July 1, 1990, Andy Hawkins of the Yankees pitched an eight-inning no-hitter (the Yankees were the away team) against the Chicago White Sox and lost the game 4–0 after an eighth inning which saw three errors.[19] The four runs that the White Sox scored are the most by any team in a game in which they had no hits.[20] Because Hawkins only threw eight innings, this game is not recognized as an official no-hitter by Major League Baseball; however, it was considered a no-hitter at the time it was pitched. Years after the game, the rules regarding no-hitters, (and rules regarding other statistics), were changed and applied retroactively in order to "clean up the record book". The Hawkins "no-hitter" failed on at least two provisions of the new standards. To be classified a valid no-hitter, the pitcher must face opposing batters in at least nine innings.

text: Jered Weaver and José Arredondo of the Angels also combined for eight innings of no-hit baseball in a 1–0 road loss to the Dodgers June 28, 2008, where Matt Kemp reached on an error, stole second, advanced to third on another error, and scored on a sacrifice fly. However, since the Angels only pitched eight innings, this game is not recognized as an official no-hitter.

text: On August 23, 2017, Rich Hill of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitched a nine-inning no-hitter, but his team lost 1-0 to the Pittsburgh Pirates. Hill had a perfect game in the ninth inning until a fielding error by Logan Forsythe. Later, Hill would have his no-hitter broken up on a walkoff-homerun by Josh Harrison in the bottom of the 10th inning.[21]

text: Shortened no-hitters[edit]

text: A game that cannot continue due to weather or darkness may be considered a completed official game, as long as at least five innings have been completed. Until 1991, any such game in which a pitcher held the opposing team without hits was considered an official no-hitter; however under the current rule, a no-hitter must last for at least nine innings to count. As the rule was applied retroactively, thirty-six games in which a no-hitter was interrupted by weather or darkness, with lengths ranging from 5 to 8 innings, are no longer considered no-hitters.

text: If the home team leads after the top of the ninth, they do not bat in the bottom of the ninth, thus the visiting team only pitches 8 innings. Since it is possible to score runs without getting hits, a visiting team can complete a full game without allowing a hit but not be credited with an official no-hitter. This has happened four times in MLB history: Silver King (1890), Andy Hawkins (1990), and Matt Young (1992) pitched complete games without allowing a hit, but pitched only 8 innings as the losing pitcher from the visiting team, and thus are not credited with a no-hitter.[22][23] On June 28, 2008, Jered Weaver and José Arredondo of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim threw 8 no-hit innings against the Los Angeles Dodgers at Dodger Stadium, but lost the game, 1–0, and are not credited with a no-hitter. This is the first near no-hitter of this kind in which more than one pitcher was involved.

text: No-hitters lost in extra innings[edit]

text: A game that is a no-hitter through nine innings may be lost in extra innings. Under current rules, such a game is not considered an official no-hitter because the pitcher did not keep the opponent hitless for the entire course of the game.

text: On May 2, 1917, a game between the Chicago Cubs and the Cincinnati Reds reached the end of nine innings in a hitless scoreless tie,[24] the only time in baseball history that neither team has had a hit in regulation. Both Hippo Vaughn of the Cubs and Fred Toney of the Reds continued pitching into the tenth inning. Vaughn lost his no-hitter in the top of the tenth, as the Reds got two hits and scored the winning run. Toney retired the side in the bottom of the tenth and recorded a ten-inning no-hitter. This game was long considered a "double no-hitter", but Vaughn is no longer credited with a no-hitter under the current rules.

text: Of the thirteen potential no-hitters that have been lost in extra innings, two were perfect games until the inning when the first hit was surrendered. On May 26, 1959, Harvey Haddix of the Pittsburgh Pirates pitched a remarkable twelve perfect innings against the Milwaukee Braves before losing the perfect game on an error and then the no-hitter and the game in the thirteenth inning. On June 3, 1995, Pedro Martínez of the Montreal Expos pitched nine perfect innings against the San Diego Padres before giving up a hit in the tenth and exiting the game, which the Expos then won, 1–0.[25]

text: On August 23, 2017, in a game between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Pittsburgh Pirates, Dodgers pitcher Rich Hill pitched nine no-hit innings, only to lose his no-hit bid (and the game) on a walk-off homer by Josh Harrison in the 10th inning.[26] This was another potential perfect game; the perfect game was broken up by a ninth-inning error, the first time this had happened in MLB history.[27]

text: No-hitter droughts[edit]

text: Only one existing franchise in Major League Baseball has not had a pitcher toss a no-hitter: the San Diego Padres, who have gone 46 years without a no-hitter since they entered Major League Baseball in 1969. Their closest bid came against the Philadelphia Phillies on July 18, 1972; Steve Arlin came within one out of a no-hitter before Denny Doyle broke up the bid with a single. On July 9, 2011, five Padres pitchers combined for  8 2⁄3 innings of no-hit pitching against the Los Angeles Dodgers before Juan Uribe hit a double, which was followed by a Dioner Navarro single that won the game, which had been scoreless up to that point.

text: Of all the teams that have thrown at least one no-hit game, however, the Cleveland Indians, as of August 2017, have had the longest drought; the last such game thrown by the team was by Len Barker on May 15, 1981, which was also a perfect game.

text: The New York Mets, who began play in 1962, went without a no-hitter until Johan Santana pitched one on the night of June 1, 2012, against the St. Louis Cardinals at home at Citi Field. The 8–0 victory closed out their era as the oldest franchise without a no-hitter and ended a drought that lasted 8,019 regular-season and 74 post-season games. Mets pitchers have thrown 39 one-hitters.

text: The longest no-hitter drought in Major League history was suffered by the Philadelphia Phillies between May 1, 1906, and June 21, 1964, a span that encompassed 8,945 games.

text: The Washington Nationals achieved their first no-hitter on September 28, 2014.[28] The franchise has four previous no-hitters in its history as the Montreal Expos, including a perfect game by Dennis Martínez.

text: Six current NL teams—the Braves, Dodgers, Giants, Phillies, Cubs and Reds—all pitched their first no-hitters before the advent of the American League in 1901. Among the early National League teams still playing, the last to get their first no-hitter was the St. Louis Cardinals, when Jesse Haines pitched one on July 17, 1924. Of the original American League teams, the last team to get their first no-hitter was the New York Yankees, when George Mogridge pitched one on April 24, 1917. There are a number of short-lived Major League franchises from the nineteenth century that folded without ever recording a no-hitter.

text:
Date of No-hitter
Pitcher(s)
Franchise
Time Since No-hitter

June 25, 2010
Edwin Jackson
Arizona Diamondbacks
7003263900000000000♠7 years, 82 days

April 8, 1994
Kent Mercker
Atlanta Braves
7003856100000000000♠23 years, 160 days

July 13, 1991
Bob Milacki (6 IP)
Mike Flanagan (1 IP)
Mark Williamson (1 IP)
Gregg Olson (1 IP)
Baltimore Orioles
7003956100000000000♠26 years, 64 days

May 19, 2008
Jon Lester
Boston Red Sox
7003340600000000000♠9 years, 119 days

April 21, 2016
Jake Arrieta
Chicago Cubs
7002512000000000000♠1 year, 147 days

April 21, 2012
Philip Humber
Chicago White Sox
7003197300000000000♠5 years, 147 days

July 2, 2013
Homer Bailey
Cincinnati Reds
7003153600000000000♠4 years, 75 days

May 15, 1981
Len Barker
Cleveland Indians
7004132720000000000♠36 years, 123 days

April 17, 2010
Ubaldo Jiménez
Colorado Rockies
7003270800000000000♠7 years, 151 days

May 7, 2011
Justin Verlander
Detroit Tigers
7003232300000000000♠6 years, 131 days

August 21, 2015
Mike Fiers
Houston Astros
7002756000000000000♠2 years, 25 days

August 26, 1991
Bret Saberhagen
Kansas City Royals
7003951700000000000♠26 years, 20 days

May 2, 2012
Jered Weaver
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
7003196200000000000♠5 years, 136 days

June 18, 2014
Clayton Kershaw
Los Angeles Dodgers
7003118500000000000♠3 years, 89 days

June 3, 2017
Edinson Vólquez
Miami Marlins
7002104000000000000♠104 days

April 15, 1987
Juan Nieves
Milwaukee Brewers
7004111110000000000♠30 years, 153 days

May 3, 2011
Francisco Liriano
Minnesota Twins
7003232700000000000♠6 years, 135 days

June 1, 2012
Johan Santana
New York Mets
7003193200000000000♠5 years, 106 days

July 18, 1999
David Cone
New York Yankees
7003663400000000000♠18 years, 59 days

May 9, 2010
Dallas Braden
Oakland Athletics
7003268600000000000♠7 years, 129 days

July 25, 2015
Cole Hamels
Philadelphia Phillies
7002783000000000000♠2 years, 52 days

July 12, 1997
Francisco Córdova (9 IP)
Ricardo Rincón (1 IP)
Pittsburgh Pirates
7003737000000000000♠20 years, 65 days

n/a
n/a
San Diego Padres
7004176930000000000♠48 years, 161 days

June 9, 2015
Chris Heston
San Francisco Giants
7002829000000000000♠2 years, 98 days

August 12, 2015
Hisashi Iwakuma
Seattle Mariners
7002765000000000000♠2 years, 34 days

September 3, 2001
Bud Smith
St. Louis Cardinals
7003585600000000000♠16 years, 12 days

July 26, 2010
Matt Garza
Tampa Bay Rays
7003260800000000000♠7 years, 51 days

July 28, 1994
Kenny Rogers
Texas Rangers
7003845000000000000♠23 years, 49 days

September 2, 1990
Dave Stieb
Toronto Blue Jays
7003987500000000000♠27 years, 13 days

October 3, 2015
Max Scherzer
Washington Nationals
7002713000000000000♠1 year, 347 days

text: Avoiding no-hitters[edit]

text: All modern-era MLB teams have experienced at least two no-hitters pitched against them. The record for the longest period of time without being no-hit is held by the Chicago Cubs, who succeeded in getting at least one hit in every game since Sandy Koufax's perfect game against them on September 9, 1965, until they were no-hit by Cole Hamels of the Philadelphia Phillies on July 25, 2015, a period of 7004182150000000000♠49 years, 318 days (7951 games – including 31 Post Season games). The second-longest streak without having an official no-hitter pitched against them is held by the New York Yankees, who had a gap of 7004163340000000000♠44 years, 263 days between nine-inning no-hitters from September 21, 1958 to June 10, 2003. However, during this time, the Yankees team hitting streak ended in a rain-shortened official game on July 12, 1990,[29] after 7004116170000000000♠31 years, 294 days. The St. Louis Cardinals have the second-longest team hitting streak in MLB history: May 12, 1919 to May 14, 1960, a period of 7004149790000000000♠41 years, 3 days. Among AL teams, the Kansas City Royals have the longest team hitting streak: May 15, 1973 to May 19, 2008, a period of 7004127880000000000♠35 years, 4 days.

text: The longest current streak is held by the Oakland Athletics at 7003937300000000000♠25 years, 241 days (4103 games, including 44 postseason games) as of March 11, 2017. They were last held hitless on July 13, 1991, when four Baltimore Orioles pitchers combined to shut down the A's offense.

text: No-hitters and ballparks[edit]

text: Forbes Field, home of the Pittsburgh Pirates from the middle of the 1909 season until the middle of the 1970 season, is the only long-term major league ballpark where a no-hitter was never thrown during its existence. There are several recently built fields where no-hitters have not yet been thrown. Five parks presently in existence for a decade or more have only seen one no-hitter each: the Orioles' current home, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, known for being hitter friendly (Hideo Nomo on April 4, 2001); Coors Field, the hitter-friendly home of the Colorado Rockies (Nomo on September 17, 1996); Petco Park, home of the San Diego Padres, which initially was known as a pitcher's park but was modified with shorter fences in 2013 (Tim Lincecum on July 13, 2013); PNC Park, the current home of the Pirates, which like Forbes Field is known for being hitter-friendly (Homer Bailey on September 28, 2012); and Minute Maid Park, the home of the Houston Astros which is known for the short Crawford Boxes in left and for its deep outfield in center (Mike Fiers on August 21, 2015).

text: International competition[edit]

text: In the 2006 World Baseball Classic, Shairon Martis pitched a no-hitter for the Netherlands against Panama, however it was only seven innings due to the mercy rule.

text: Superstitions[edit]

text: One of the most common baseball superstitions is that it is bad luck to mention a no-hitter in progress, especially to the pitcher and in particular by their teammates (who sometimes even go so far as to not even be near the pitcher).[30] Some sportscasters observe this taboo while others have no reservations about mentioning no-hitters before completion. When Sandy Koufax pitched his no-hitter against the Mets in 1962, one of their 120 losses that season, Mets' coach Solly Hemus, apparently trying to jinx Koufax, kept heckling him through the game about pitching a no-hitter, according to a post-game interview Koufax gave after pitching his third no-hitter in 1964. An early biography of Koufax quoted him as telling his catcher, during that 1964 no-hitter, "Let's just go to the fastball and get this no-hit thing over with." Mickey Mantle, in an interview for Ken Burns' 1994 Baseball documentary series, related that Don Larsen, famed for his 1956 World Series perfect game, tried to talk about his no-hitter throughout the contest but much to his chagrin his Yankee teammates avoided his conversation and maintained the superstition.

text: When Los Angeles Angels rookie Bo Belinsky entered the final inning of his no-hitter in 1962, Baltimore Orioles outfielder Jackie Brandt passed him on the field as the teams changed sides. According to Belinsky biographer Maury Allen, Brandt told Belinsky, "Nice game, Bo, but it's over. I'm leading off with a bunt single." Belinsky got Brandt out to start the final inning of his no-hitter.

text: In 2009, when Mark Buehrle was pitching his perfect game, as he exited the field after the eighth inning, White Sox broadcaster Ken Harrelson exclaimed, "Call your sons! Call your daughters! Call your friends! Call your neighbors! Mark Buehrle has a perfect game going into the ninth!" Buehrle retired the side in the ninth to complete the perfect game.

text: When Jim Bunning was pitching his perfect game in 1964, he deliberately violated this superstition, talking to his teammates about the perfect game's progress in order to dispel the tension in the dugout.[31]


document_title: Common brushtail possum

question_text: what is the favorite food of a possum

question_tokens: what is the favorite food of a possum

root

text: Common brushtail possum

text: Description[edit]

text: The common brushtail possum has large and pointed ears. It has a bushy tail (hence its name) that is adapted to grasping branches, prehensile at the end with a hairless ventral patch.[5][6] Its forefeet have sharp claws and the first toe of each hind foot is clawless but has a strong grasp.[6] The possum grooms itself with the third and fourth toes which are fused together.[6] It has a thick and woolly pelage that varies in colour depending on the subspecies. Colour patterns tend to be silver-gray, brown, black, red or cream. The ventral areas are typically lighter and the tail is usually brown or black.[5][6] The muzzle is marked with dark patches.

tag: p

text: The common brushtail possum has a head and body length of 32–58 cm[5] with a tail length of 24–40 cm.[6] It weighs 1.2-4.5 kg.[6] Males are generally larger than females. In addition, the coat of the male tends to be reddish at the shoulders. As with most marsupials, the female brushtail possum has a forward-opening, well-developed pouch.[5] The chest of both sexes has a scent gland that emits a reddish secretion which stains that fur around it. It marks its territory with these secretions.[7]

text: Biology and ecology[edit]

text: Range and habitat[edit]

text: The common brushtail possum is perhaps the most widespread marsupial of Australia. It is found throughout the eastern and northern parts of the continent, as well as some western regions,[8] Tasmania[9] and a number of offshore islands, such as Kangaroo Island[10] and Barrow Island.[11][12] It is also widespread in New Zealand since its introduction in 1840. The common brushtail possum can be found in a variety of habitats, such as forests, semiarid areas and even cultivated or urban areas.[5][6] It is mostly a forest inhabiting species, however it is also found in treeless areas.[6] In New Zealand, possums favour broadleaf-podocarp near farmland pastures.[13] In southern beech forests and pine plantations, possums are less common.[13] Overall, brushtail possums are more densely populated in New Zealand than in their native Australia.[14] This may be because Australia has more fragmented eucalypt forests and more predators. In Australia, brushtail possums are threatened by humans, tiger quolls, dogs, foxes, cats, goannas, carpet snakes and powerful owls. In New Zealand, brushtail possums are threatened only by humans and cats.[14]

text: Food and foraging[edit]

text: The common brushtail possum can adapt to numerous kinds of vegetation.[14] It prefers Eucalyptus leaves but will also eat flowers, shoots, fruits and seeds.[14] It may also consume animal matter such as insects, birds’ eggs and chicks, and other small vertebrates.[15] Brushtail possums may eat three or four different plant species during a foraging trip, unlike some other arboreal marsupials, such as the koala and the greater glider, which focus on single species. The brushtail possum's rounded molars cannot cut Eucalyptus leaves as finely as more specialised feeders. They are more adapted to crushing their food which enables them to chew fruit or herbs more effectively. The brushtail possums’ caecum lacks internal ridges and cannot separate coarse and fine particles as efficiently as some other arboreal marsupials.[14] The brushtail possum cannot rely on Eucalyptus alone to provide sufficient nitrogen.[16] Its more generalised and mixed diet, however, does provide adequate nitrogen.[17]

text: Behaviour[edit]

text: The common brushtail possum is largely arboreal and nocturnal. It has a mostly solitary lifestyle, and individuals keep their distance with scent markings (urinating) and vocalisations. Brushtail possums usually make their dens in natural places like tree hollows and caves but will also use spaces in the roofs of houses. While they sometimes share dens, brushtails normally sleep in separate dens. Individuals from New Zealand use many more den sites than those from Australia.[18] Brushtail possums compete with each other and other animals for den spaces and this contributes to their mortality. This is likely another reason why brushtail possum population densities are smaller in Australia than in New Zealand.[14] Brushtail possums are usually not aggressive towards each other and usually just stare with erect ears.[14] Brushtail possums vocalise with clicks, grunts, hisses, alarm chatters, guttural coughs and screeching.[5][6]

text: Reproduction and life history[edit]

text: The common brushtail possum can breed at any time of the year, but breeding tends to peak in spring, from September to November, and in autumn, from March to May, in some areas. Mating is promiscuous and random; some males can sire several young in a season while over half sire none.[14] In one Queensland population, it apparently takes the males one month of consorting with females before they can mate with them.[19] Females have a gestation period of 16–18 days, after which they give birth to single young.[5][6] A newborn brushtail possum is only 1.5 cm long and weighs only 2 g. As usual for marsupials, the newborn brushtail possum may climb, unaided, through the female’s fur and into the pouch and attach to a teat. The young develops and remains inside the mother’s pouch for another four or five months. When older, the young is left in the den or rides on its mother’s back until it is seven to nine months old.[5][6] Females reach sexual maturity when they are one year old, and males do so at the end of their second year.[5][6] Female young have a higher survival rate than their male counterparts due to establishing their home ranges closer to their mothers, while males travel farther in search of new nesting sites, encountering pre-established territories from which they may be forcibly ejected. In the Orongorongo population, female young have been found to continue to associate with their mothers after weaning, and some will inherit the prime den sites.[20] There is possible competition between mothers and daughters for dens, and daughters may be excluded from a den occupied by the mother.[21] In forests with shortages of den sites, females apparently produce more sons, which do not compete directly for den sites, while in forests with plentiful den sites, female young are greater in number.[21] Brushtail possums can live up to 13 years in the wild.[5][6]

text: Relationship with humans[edit]

text: The common brushtail possum is considered a pest in some areas as it is known to cause damage to pine plantations, regenerating forest, flowers, fruit trees and buildings.

text: Australia[edit]

text: Its fur has been considered valuable and has been harvested. Although once hunted extensively for its fur in Australia, the common brushtail possum is now protected in mainland states, but only partially protected in Tasmania where there is an annual hunting season. In addition, Tasmania gives Crop Protection Permits to landowners whose property has been damaged.[7]

text: While its populations are declining in some regional areas due to habitat loss, urban populations indicate an adaptation to the presence of humans.[22] In the mainland states, possum trapping is legal when attempting to evict possums from human residences (e.g. roofs), however possums must be released after dusk within 24 hours of capture, no more than 50 metres from the trapping site. In some states e.g. Victoria, trapped possums may be taken to registered veterinarians for euthanasia.[23] In South Australia, they are fully protected and permits are required for trapping possums in human residences[24] or for keeping or rescuing sick or injured wild possums and other native animals.[25]

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: In New Zealand, the common brushtail possum is considered a major threat to New Zealand native forests and birds. European settlers introduced the common brushtail possum from Australia in the 1850s, and by the 1980s the peak population had reached an estimated 60-70 million. It is now an estimated 30 million due to control measures. There are no restrictions on hunting but the population seems to be stable despite the annual killing of the animals in the thousands.[7] In New Zealand (but not Australia where the disease has been eradicated) it is a host for the highly contagious bovine tuberculosis.[7] The New Zealand Department of Conservation controls possum numbers in many areas via the aerial dropping of 1080-laced bait.[26]


document_title: ICC Awards

question_text: who won the icc emerging player of the year in 2006

text: ICC Awards

text: Award categories[edit]

text: The following awards have been or currently are presented:

text:
Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (Cricketer of the Year)
Test Player of the Year
ODI Player of the Year
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year
Emerging Player of the Year

tag: ul

text: Players eligible for this award must be under 26 years of age at the start of the voting period and have played no more than five Tests and/or ten ODIs before that date.

text:
Associate Player of the Year
David Shepherd Trophy (Umpire of the Year)
Captain of the Year
Women's Cricketer of the Year
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year
Women's Emerging Player of the Year
Spirit of Cricket

text:
Their opponents
Their own captain and team
The role of the umpires
The game's traditional values

text:
LG People's Choice Award
Fan's Moment of the Year
World Test XI
World one-day XI
Women's one-day XI
Women's T20I XI

text: ICC Development Programme Awards[edit]

text: In December 2016, ICC Development Programme Awards was announced for ICC's Associate and Affiliate Members aimed at creating improving structures within the 95 member federations.[1]

text: Methodology[edit]

text: The judging/voting period was originally from 1 August of the current year to 31 July of the next year. It has since undergone two changes and now takes place presently between September of the current year and September of the next year.

text: The ICC Selection committee comprises eminent former players and select the finalists for the ICC Cricketer of the Year, ICC Test Player of the Year, ICC ODI Player of the Year, ICC Emerging Player of the Year. The committee selects the final ICC World Test XI and ICC World one-day XI.

text:
Selection Committee

Year
Chairman
Committee Members

2004
 Sunil Gavaskar
 Richie Benaud
 Michael Holding
 Ian Botham
 Barry Richards

2005
 Sunil Gavaskar
 David Gower
 Richard Hadlee
 Rod Marsh
 Courtney Walsh

2006
 Sunil Gavaskar
 Allan Donald
 Ian Healy
 Arjuna Ranatunga
 Waqar Younis

2007
 Sunil Gavaskar
 Chris Cairns
 Gary Kirsten
 Iqbal Qasim
 Alec Stewart

2008
 Clive Lloyd
 Greg Chappell
 Shaun Pollock
 Sidath Wettimuny
 Athar Ali Khan

2009
 Clive Lloyd
 Anil Kumble
 Mudassar Nazar
 Stephen Fleming
 Bob Taylor

2010
 Clive Lloyd
 Angus Fraser
 Matthew Hayden
 Ravi Shastri
 Duncan Fletcher

2011
 Clive Lloyd
 Zaheer Abbas
 Mike Gatting
 Paul Adams
 Danny Morrison

2012
 Clive Lloyd
 Marvan Atapattu
 Tom Moody
 Carl Hooper
 Clare Connor

2013
 Anil Kumble
 Alec Stewart
 Waqar Younis
 Catherine Campbell
 Graeme Pollock

2014
 Anil Kumble
 Jonathan Agnew
 Russel Arnold
 Stephen Fleming
 Betty Timmer

2015
 Anil Kumble
 Ian Bishop
 Mark Butcher
 Belinda Clark
 Gundappa Viswanath

tag: table

text: The final selection for the award is voted for by an academy of 56 (expanded from 50 in 2004), which includes current national team captains of Test playing nations (10), members of the Elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18), prominent former players and cricket correspondents (28). In the event of a tie in the voting, the award is shared.

text: 2004 awards[edit]

text: The inaugural ICC awards ceremony was held on 7 September 2004, in London. The judging period covered was from 1 August 2003 to 31 July 2004 and included all Test matches and One Day Internationals played during that period.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Rahul Dravid (India)
Test Player of the Year: Rahul Dravid (India)
ODI Player of the Year: Andrew Flintoff (England)
Emerging Player of the Year: Irfan Pathan (India)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: New Zealand
World Test XI: Matthew Hayden (Aus), Herschelle Gibbs (SA), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Rahul Dravid (Ind), Brian Lara (WI), Jacques Kallis (SA), Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), Chaminda Vaas (SL), Shane Warne (Aus), Jason Gillespie (Aus), Steve Harmison (Eng) 12th man: Sachin Tendulkar
World one-day XI: Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Chris Gayle (WI), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Brian Lara (WI), Jacques Kallis (SA), Virender Sehwag (Ind), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Shaun Pollock (SA), Chaminda Vaas (SL), Jason Gillespie (Aus)

text: 2005 awards[edit]

text: The second ICC awards ceremony was held at the Four Seasons Hotel in Sydney, Australia, on 11 October 2005. The judging period covered was from 1 August 2004 to 31 July 2005. This did not include the whole of the 2005 Ashes Series, since the final four matches of this series were played in August and September.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Awarded jointly to Andrew Flintoff (England) and Jacques Kallis (South Africa)
Test Player of the Year: Jacques Kallis (South Africa)
ODI Player of the Year: Kevin Pietersen (England)
Emerging Player of the Year: Kevin Pietersen (England)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: England
World Test XI: Virender Sehwag (Ind), Graeme Smith (SA), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Jacques Kallis (SA), Brian Lara (WI), Inzamam-ul-Haq (Pak), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), Shane Warne (Aus), Chaminda Vaas (SL), Glenn McGrath (Aus), 12th man: Anil Kumble (Ind)
World one-day XI: Marvan Atapattu (SL, captain), Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), Rahul Dravid (Ind), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Andrew Symonds (Aus), Inzamam-ul-Haq (Pak), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Daniel Vettori (NZ), Brett Lee (Aus), Naved-ul-Hasan (Pak), Glenn McGrath (Aus), 12th man: Jacques Kallis (SA)
List of nominees for 2005 awards

text: 2006 awards[edit]

text: The third ICC awards ceremony was held in Mumbai, India on 3 November 2006, during the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy. The judging period was from 1 August 2005 to 8 August 2006, thus including three of the four Tests between Pakistan and England, and the Test series between South Africa and Sri Lanka. For the first time, honors for both Women's Cricketer of the Year and Captain of the Year were awarded.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Ricky Ponting (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Ricky Ponting (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: Michael Hussey (Australia)
Emerging Player of the Year: Ian Bell (England)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Captain of the Year: Mahela Jayawardene (Sri Lanka)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Karen Rolton (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: England
World Test XI: Matthew Hayden (Aus), Michael Hussey (Aus), Ricky Ponting (Aus), Rahul Dravid (Ind, captain), Mohammad Yousuf (Pak), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, wicket-keeper), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Shane Warne (Aus), Makhaya Ntini (SA), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), Glenn McGrath (Aus), 12th man: Brett Lee (Aus)
World one-day XI: Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), MS Dhoni (Ind), Ricky Ponting (Aus), Mahela Jayawardene (SL, captain), Yuvraj Singh (Ind), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Michael Hussey (Aus), Irfan Pathan (Ind), Brett Lee (Aus), Shane Bond (NZ), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), 12th man: Andrew Symonds (Aus)
List of nominees for 2006 awards

text: 2007 awards[edit]

text: The fourth ICC awards ceremony was held in Johannesburg, South Africa. For the first time, honor for Associate Player of the Year was awarded.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Ricky Ponting (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Mohammad Yousuf (Pakistan)
ODI Player of the Year: Matthew Hayden (Australia)
Emerging Player of the Year: Shaun Tait (Australia)
Associate Player of the Year: Thomas Odoyo (Kenya)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Captain of the Year: Ricky Ponting (Australia)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Jhulan Goswami (India)
Spirit of Cricket: Sri Lanka
World Test XI: Michael Vaughan (Eng), Matthew Hayden (Aus), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Mohammad Yousuf (Pak), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Michael Hussey (Aus), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, wicket-keeper), Stuart Clark (Aus), Makhaya Ntini (SA), Mohammad Asif (Pak), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), 12th man: Zaheer Khan (Ind)
World one-day XI: Matthew Hayden (Aus), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Jacques Kallis (SA), Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI), Mark Boucher (SA, wicket-keeper), Chaminda Vaas (SL), Shane Bond (NZ), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), Glenn McGrath (Aus), 12th man: Michael Hussey (Aus)

text: 2008 awards[edit]

text: The fifth ICC awards ceremony was held in Dubai, U.A.E. on 10 September 2008 and saw the Twenty20 International Performance of the Year award inaugurated.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Shivnarine Chanderpaul (West Indies)
Test Player of the Year: Dale Steyn (South Africa)
ODI Player of the Year: MS Dhoni (India)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Yuvraj Singh (India)
Emerging Player of the Year: Ajantha Mendis (Sri Lanka)
Associate Player of the Year: Ryan ten Doeschate (Netherlands)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Charlotte Edwards (England)
Spirit of Cricket: Sri Lanka
World Test XI: Graeme Smith (SA, captain), Virender Sehwag (Ind), Mahela Jayawardene (SL), Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Jacques Kallis (SA), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, wicket-keeper), Brett Lee (Aus), Ryan Sidebottom (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), 12th man: Stuart Clark (Aus)
World one-day XI: Herschelle Gibbs (SA), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Ajantha Mendis (SL), Farveez Maharoof (SL), MS Dhoni (Ind, wicket-keeper), Andrew Symonds (Aus), Daniel Vettori (NZ), Brett Lee (Aus), Mitchell Johnson (Aus), Nathan Bracken (Aus), 12th man: Salman Butt (Pak)

text: 2009 awards[edit]

text: The sixth ICC awards ceremony was held in Johannesburg, South Africa on 1 October 2009.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Mitchell Johnson (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Gautam Gambhir (India)
ODI Player of the Year: MS Dhoni (India)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Tillakaratne Dilshan (Sri Lanka)
Emerging Player of the Year: Peter Siddle (Australia)
Associate Player of the Year: William Porterfield (Ireland)
Umpire of the Year: Aleem Dar (Pakistan)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Claire Taylor (England)
Spirit of Cricket: New Zealand
World Test XI: Gautam Gambhir (Ind), Andrew Strauss (Eng), AB de Villiers (SA), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Thilan Samaraweera (SL), Michael Clarke (Aus), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Shakib Al Hasan (Ban), Mitchell Johnson (Aus), Stuart Broad (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), 12th man: Harbhajan Singh (Ind)
World one-day XI: Martin Guptill (NZ), Chris Gayle (WI), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL), Yuvraj Singh (Ind), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Virender Sehwag (Ind), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Nuwan Kulasekara (SL), Ajantha Mendis (SL), Umar Gul (Pak), 12th man: Thilan Thushara (SL)
List of nominees for 2009 awards

text: 2010 awards[edit]

text: The seventh ICC awards ceremony was held in Bengaluru, India on 6 October 2010.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Sachin Tendulkar (India)
Test Player of the Year: Virender Sehwag (India)
Test Team of the Year: India
ODI Player of the Year: AB de Villiers (South Africa)
ODI Team of the Year: Australia
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Brendon McCullum (New Zealand)
Emerging Player of the Year: Steven Finn (England)
Associate Player of the Year: Ryan ten Doeschate (Netherlands)
Umpire of the Year: Aleem Dar (Pakistan)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Shelley Nitschke (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: New Zealand
LG People's Choice Award: Sachin Tendulkar (India)
World Test XI: Virender Sehwag (Ind), Simon Katich (Aus), Hashim Amla (SA), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), Jacques Kallis (SA), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Graeme Swann (Eng), James Anderson (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), Doug Bollinger (Aus), 12th man: Steve Harmison (Eng)
World one-day XI: Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Shane Watson (Aus), Michael Hussey (Aus), AB de Villiers (SA), Paul Collingwood (Eng), MS Dhoni (Ind, wicket-keeper), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Daniel Vettori (NZ), Stuart Broad (Eng), Doug Bollinger (Aus), Ryan Harris (Aus)

text: 2011 awards[edit]

text: The eighth ICC awards ceremony was held in London, England on 12 September 2011.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Jonathan Trott (England)
Test Player of the Year: Alastair Cook (England)
ODI Player of the Year: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Tim Southee (New Zealand)
Emerging Player of the Year: Devendra Bishoo (West Indies)
Associate Player of the Year: Ryan ten Doeschate (Netherlands)
Umpire of the Year: Aleem Dar (Pakistan)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Stafanie Taylor (West Indies)
Spirit of Cricket: MS Dhoni (India)
LG People's Choice Award: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
World Test XI: Alastair Cook (Eng), Hashim Amla (SA), Jonathan Trott (Eng), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, captain, wicket-keeper), AB de Villiers (SA), Jacques Kallis (SA), Stuart Broad (Eng), Graeme Swann (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), James Anderson (Eng), 12th man: Zaheer Khan (Ind)
World one-day XI: Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL), Virender Sehwag (Ind), Shane Watson (Aus), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), AB de Villiers (SA), Yuvraj Singh (Ind), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Graeme Swann (Eng), Umar Gul (Pak), Dale Steyn (SA), Zaheer Khan (Ind), 12th man: Lasith Malinga (SL)

text: 2012 awards[edit]

text: The ninth ICC awards ceremony was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 15 September 2012.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
Test Player of the Year: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
ODI Player of the Year: Virat Kohli[2] (India)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Richard Levi (South Africa)
Emerging Player of the Year: Sunil Narine (West Indies)
Associate Player of the Year: George Dockrell (Ireland)
Umpire of the Year: Kumar Dharmasena (Sri Lanka)
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Stafanie Taylor (West Indies)
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Sarah Taylor (England)
Spirit of Cricket: Daniel Vettori (New Zealand)
LG People's Choice Award: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
World Test XI: Alastair Cook (Eng), Hashim Amla (SA), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), Jacques Kallis (SA), Michael Clarke (Aus, captain), Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI), Matt Prior (Eng, wicket-keeper), Stuart Broad (Eng), Saeed Ajmal (Pak), Vernon Philander (SA), Dale Steyn (SA), 12th man: AB de Villiers (SA)
World one-day XI: Gautam Gambhir (Ind), Alastair Cook (Eng), Virat Kohli (Ind), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), Shahid Afridi (Pak), Michael Clarke (Aus), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Morne Morkel (SA), Steven Finn (Eng), Lasith Malinga (SL), Saeed Ajmal (Pak), 12th man: Shane Watson (Aus)

text: 2013 awards[edit]

text: The 2013 edition of the awards were replaced by a TV show. Rather than a formal event, the winners were broadcast in a special TV show which was aired on 14 December 2013.[3]

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Michael Clarke (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Michael Clarke (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Umar Gul (Pakistan)
Emerging Player of the Year: Cheteshwar Pujara (India)
Associate Player of the Year: Kevin O'Brien (Ireland)
Umpire of the Year: Richard Kettleborough (England)
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Suzie Bates (New Zealand)
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Sarah Taylor (England)
Spirit of Cricket: Mahela Jayawardene (Sri Lanka)
LG People's Choice Award: MS Dhoni (India)
World Test XI: Alastair Cook (Eng, captain), Hashim Amla (SA), Cheteshwar Pujara (Ind), Michael Clarke (Aus), Michael Hussey (Aus), AB de Villiers (SA), MS Dhoni (Ind, wicket-keeper), Graeme Swann (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), James Anderson (Eng), Vernon Philander (SA), 12th man: Ravichandran Ashwin (Ind)
World one-day XI: Hashim Amla (SA), Shikhar Dhawan (Ind), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL), AB de Villiers (SA), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Ravindra Jadeja (Ind), Saeed Ajmal (Pak), Mitchell Starc (Aus), James Anderson (Eng), Lasith Malinga (SL), 12th man: Mitchell McClenaghan (NZ)

text: 2014 awards[edit]

text: The 2014 edition of the LG ICC Awards followed the same formal event which was implemented in 2013 as a TV show. The voting panel took into account players' performance between 26 August 2013 and 17 September 2014.[4][5] The show was broadcast globally on 15/16 November.[6]

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Mitchell Johnson (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Mitchell Johnson (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: AB de Villiers (South Africa)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Aaron Finch (Australia)
Emerging Player of the Year: Gary Ballance (England)
Associate Player of the Year: Preston Mommsen (Scotland)
Umpire of the Year: Richard Kettleborough (England)
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Sarah Taylor (England)
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Meg Lanning (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: Katherine Brunt (England)
LG People's Choice Award: Bhuvneshwar Kumar (India)
World Test XI: David Warner (Aus), Kane Williamson (NZ), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), AB de Villiers (SA, wicket-keeper), Joe Root (Eng), Angelo Mathews (SL, captain), Mitchell Johnson (Aus), Stuart Broad (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), Rangana Herath (SL), Tim Southee (NZ), 12th man: Ross Taylor (NZ)
World one-day XI: Mohammad Hafeez (Pak), Quinton de Kock (SA), George Bailey (Aus), Virat Kohli (Ind), AB de Villiers (SA), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Dwayne Bravo (WI), James Faulkner (Aus), Dale Steyn (SA), Mohammed Shami (Ind), Ajantha Mendis (SL), 12th man: Rohit Sharma (Ind)

text: 2015 awards[edit]

text: The voting panel took into account players' performance between 18 September 2014 and 13 September 2015.[7]

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Steve Smith (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Steve Smith (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: AB de Villiers (South Africa)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Faf du Plessis (South Africa)
Emerging Player of the Year: Josh Hazlewood (Australia)
Associate Player of the Year: Khurram Khan (United Arab Emirates)
Umpire of the Year: Richard Kettleborough (England)
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Meg Lanning (Australia)
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Stafanie Taylor (West Indies)
Spirit of Cricket: Brendon McCullum (New Zealand)
World Test XI: David Warner (Aus), Alastair Cook (Eng, captain), Kane Williamson (NZ), Younus Khan (Pak), Steve Smith (Aus), Joe Root (Eng), Sarfraz Ahmed (Pak, wicket-keeper), Stuart Broad (Eng), Trent Boult (NZ), Yasir Shah (Pak), Josh Hazlewood (Aus), 12th man: Ravichandran Ashwin (Ind)
World one-day XI: Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL), Hashim Amla (SA), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, wicket-keeper), AB de Villiers (SA, captain), Steve Smith (Aus), Ross Taylor (NZ), Trent Boult (NZ), Mohammed Shami (Ind), Mitchell Starc (Aus), Mustafizur Rahman (Ban), Imran Tahir (SA), 12th man: Joe Root (Eng)

text: 2016 awards[edit]

text: The voting panel took into account players' performance between 14 September 2015 and 20 September 2016.[8][9][10] The announcement of the World Test XI and World one-day XI, along with the winners of the men's individual ICC awards, was made on 21 December 2016.[11][12][13][14][15]

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Ravichandran Ashwin (India)
Test Player of the Year: Ravichandran Ashwin (India)
ODI Player of the Year: Quinton de Kock (South Africa)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Carlos Brathwaite (West Indies)
Emerging Player of the Year: Mustafizur Rahman (Bangladesh)
Associate Player of the Year: Mohammad Shahzad (Afghanistan)
Umpire of the Year: Marais Erasmus (South Africa)
Women’s ODI Cricketer of the Year: Suzie Bates (New Zealand)
Women’s T20I Cricketer of the Year: Suzie Bates (New Zealand)
Spirit of Cricket: Misbah-ul-Haq (Pakistan)
World Test XI: David Warner (Aus), Alastair Cook (Eng, captain), Kane Williamson (NZ), Joe Root (Eng), Ben Stokes (Eng), Adam Voges (Aus), Jonny Bairstow (Eng, wicket-keeper), Ravichandran Ashwin (Ind), Rangana Herath (SL), Mitchell Starc (Aus), Dale Steyn (SA), 12th man: Steve Smith (Aus)
World one-day XI: David Warner (Aus), Quinton de Kock (SA, wicket-keeper), Rohit Sharma (Ind), Virat Kohli (Ind, captain), AB de Villiers (SA), Jos Buttler (Eng), Mitchell Marsh (Aus), Ravindra Jadeja (Ind), Mitchell Starc (Aus), Kagiso Rabada (SA), Sunil Narine (WI), 12th man: Imran Tahir (SA)
Women’s World XI: Suzie Bates (NZ), Rachel Priest (NZ, wicket-keeper), Smriti Mandhana (Ind), Stafanie Taylor (WI, captain), Meg Lanning (Aus), Ellyse Perry (Aus), Heather Knight (Eng), Deandra Dottin (WI), Sune Luus (SA), Anya Shrubsole (Eng), Leigh Kasperek (NZ), 12th woman: Kim Garth (Ire)

text: 2017 awards[edit]

text: The voting panel took into account players' performance between 21 September 2016 and 31 December 2017. The announcement of the World Test XI and World one-day XI, along with the winners of the men's individual ICC awards, was made on 18 January 2018.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Virat Kohli (India)
Test Player of the Year: Steve Smith (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: Virat Kohli (India)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Yuzvendra Chahal (India)
Emerging Player of the Year: Hasan Ali (Pakistan)
Associate Player of the Year: Rashid Khan (Afghanistan)
Umpire of the Year: Marais Erasmus (South Africa)
Women’s Cricketer of the Year: Ellyse Perry (Australia)
Women’s ODI Cricketer of the Year: Amy Satterthwaite (New Zealand)
Women’s T20I Cricketer of the Year: Beth Mooney (Australia)
Women’s Emerging Player of the Year: Beth Mooney (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: Anya Shrubsole (England)
Fan's Moment of the Year: Pakistan stun India to win the ICC Champions Trophy 2017
World Test XI: Dean Elgar (SA), David Warner (Aus), Virat Kohli (Ind, captain), Steve Smith (Aus), Cheteshwar Pujara (Ind), Ben Stokes (Eng), Quinton de Kock (SA, wicket-keeper), Ravichandran Ashwin (Ind), Mitchell Starc (Aus), Kagiso Rabada (SA), James Anderson (Eng)
World one-day XI: David Warner (Aus), Rohit Sharma (Ind), Virat Kohli (Ind, captain), Babar Azam (Pak), AB de Villiers (SA), Quinton de Kock (SA, wicket-keeper), Ben Stokes (Eng), Trent Boult (NZ), Hasan Ali (Pak), Rashid Khan (Afghan), Jasprit Bumrah (Ind)
Women’s one-day XI: Tammy Beaumont (Eng), Meg Lanning (Aus), Mithali Raj (Ind), Amy Satterthwaite (NZ), Ellyse Perry (Aus), Heather Knight (Eng, captain), Sarah Taylor (Eng, wicket-keeper), Dane van Niekerk (SA), Marizanne Kapp (SA), Ekta Bisht (Ind), Alex Hartley (Eng)
Women’s T20I XI: Beth Mooney (Aus, wicket-keeper), Danni Wyatt (Eng), Harmanpreet Kaur (Ind), Stafanie Taylor (WI, captain), Sophie Devine (NZ), Deandra Dottin (WI), Hayley Matthews (WI), Megan Schutt (Aus), Amanda-Jade Wellington (Aus), Lea Tahuhu (NZ), Ekta Bisht (Ind)


document_title: Chidiock Tichborne

question_text: my prime of youth is but a frost of cares summary

text: Chidiock Tichborne

text: Life[edit]

text: Tichborne was born in Southampton sometime after 24 August 1562[1] to Roman Catholic parents, Peter Tichborne and his wife Elizabeth (née Middleton).[2] His birth date has been given as circa 1558 in many sources, though unverified, and thus his age given as 28 at his execution. It is unlikely that he was born before his parents' marriage, so he could have been no more than 23 years old when he died.

text: Chidiock Tichborne descended from Sir Roger de Tichborne, who owned land at Tichborne, near Winchester, in the twelfth century. Chidiock's second cousin and contemporary was Sir Benjamin Tichborne who lived at Tichborne Park and was created a Baronet by King James I in 1621. The Tichborne family is ancient and believed to have held land at Tichborne from before the Norman Conquest. In Chidiock's reported oration from the scaffold before his execution he allegedly stated: "I am descended from a house, from two hundred years before the Conquest, never stained till this my misfortune.".[3]

text: Chidiock's father Peter appears to have been the youngest son of Henry Tichborne (born circa 1474) and Anne Mervin (or Marvin) but the records are unclear. Peter was clerk of the Crowne at the trial of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton in 1554 and was an ardent Catholic supporter. Being the youngest son of a youngest son he was of little means and required to make his own way. He secured an education and the patronage of his distant kinsman, Lord Chidiock Paulet (1521–1574, son of the 1st Marquess of Winchester), after whom he named his son. In later life he spent many years imprisoned unable to pay recusancy fines. Chideock's mother was Elizabeth Middleton, daughter of William Middleton (grandson of Sir Thomas Middleton of Belso, Kt.) and Elizabeth Potter (daughter of John Potter of Westram). William had been servant to John Islip, Abbot of Westminster, and a banner bearer at Islip's funeral 1532,[4] and later bought lands in Kent.

text: The name "Chidiock", as derived from his father's patron, Chidiock Paulet, originates from a Paulet ancestor, Sir John de Chideock, who owned land at Chideock, a village in Dorset. Chidiock Tichborne was never called Charles – this is an error that has grown from a misprint in the AQA GCSE English Literature syllabus which has included the Elegy in its early poetry section for several years. Unfortunately, this error persists in much of the educational literature supporting the syllabus.

text: At least two of Chidiock's sisters are recorded by name: Dorothy, first wife of Thomas Muttelbury of Jurdens, Somerset;[5] and Mary, second wife of Sir William Kirkham of Blagdon in the parish of Paignton in Devon.[6] At his execution Chidiock mentions his wife Agnes, one child, and his six sisters. In his letter to his wife, written the night before his execution he mentions his sisters – and also 'my little sister Babb'.[7] Another sister is implied in a secret intelligence note to Francis Walsingham, dated 18 September 1586, in which the writer has had conference with "Jennings of Portsmouth" who reports that Mr Bruyn of Dorset and Mr Kyrkham of Devon are persons to be suspect as they had married Tychbourn's sisters.[8]

text: History[edit]

text: After the succession of Elizabeth I to the throne after the death of Mary I, Chidiock was allowed to practice Catholicism for part of his early life. However, in 1570 the Queen was excommunicated by the Pope for her own Protestantism and support of Protestant causes, most notably the Dutch Rebellion against Spain; in retaliation she ended her relative toleration of the Catholic Church. Catholicism was made illegal, and Roman Catholics were once more banned by law from practising their religion and Roman Catholic priests risked death for performing their functions.

text: In 1583, Tichborne and his father, Peter, were arrested and questioned concerning the use of "popish relics", religious objects Tichborne had brought back from a visit he had made abroad without informing the authorities of an intention to travel.[2] Though released without charge, records suggest that this was not the last time they were to be questioned by the authorities over their religion. In June 1586 accusations of "popish practices" were laid against his family.

text: In June 1586, Tichborne agreed to take part in the Babington Plot to murder Queen Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, who was next in line to the throne. The plot was foiled by Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth's spymaster, using double agents, most notably Robert Poley who was later witness to the murder of Christopher Marlowe, and though most of the conspirators fled, Tichborne had an injured leg and was forced to remain in London. On 14 August he was arrested and he was later tried and sentenced to death in Westminster Hall.

text: While in custody in the Tower of London on 19 September (the eve of his execution), Tichborne wrote to his wife Agnes. The letter contained three stanzas of poetry that is his best known piece of work, Tichborne's Elegy, also known by its first line My Prime of Youth is but a Frost of Cares. The poem is a dark look at a life cut short and is a favourite of many scholars to this day. Two other poems are known by him, To His Friend and The Housedove.

text: On 20 September 1586, Tichborne was executed with Anthony Babington, John Ballard, and four other conspirators. They were eviscerated, hanged, drawn and quartered, the mandatory punishment for treason, in St Giles Field. However, when Elizabeth was informed that these gruesome executions were arousing sympathy for the condemned, she ordered that the remaining seven conspirators were to be hanged until 'quite dead' before being eviscerated.

text: Tichborne's poetry[edit]

text: Elegy and others[edit]

text: Elegy

text: This is the first printed version from Verses of Prayse and Joye (1586). The original text differs slightly: along with other minor differences, the first line of the second verse reads "The spring is past, and yet it hath not sprung," and the third line reads "My youth is gone, and yet I am but young."

text: The last word in the third line, "tares," refers to a harmful "weed" that resembles corn when young, and is a reference to Matt. 13:24–30.[9]

text: To His Friend (assumed to be Anthony Babington)

text: The Housedove

text: The only known manuscript versions of To His Friend and The Housedove are from Edinburgh Library MS Laing, II, 69/24

text: However twenty eight different manuscript versions of the Elegy (or Lament) are known and there are many variations of the text.

text: Comment

text: Tichborne's authorship of the Elegy has been disputed, with attributions to others including Sir Walter Raleigh. However it was printed soon after the Babington plot in a volume called Verses of Praise and Joy in 1586, published by John Wolfe of London to celebrate the Queen's survival and to attack the plotters. Another poem in the volume is titled: Hendecasyllabon T. K. in Cygneam Cantionem Chideochi Tychborne and is an answer to Chidiock verses, most likely by the poet and dramatist Thomas Kyd, author of The Spanish Tragedy.

text: Critical Appreciation[edit]

text: Elegy

text: Tichborne's Elegy (his rhyming, final soliloquy poem[10] ), uses two favourite Renaissance figures of speech – antithesis and paradox – to crystallise the tragedy of the poet's situation.Antithesis means setting opposites against each other: prime of youth / frost of cares (from the first line). This is typical of Renaissance poetry, as for example in Wyatt's "I find no peace, and all my war is done", with the lover freezing/burning. We also see it in the poem by Elizabeth I, "I grieve and dare not show my discontent", e.g., "I am and not, I freeze and yet am burned."A paradox is a statement which seems self-contradictory, yet is true, e.g., "My tale is heard, and yet it was not told", or "My glass is full, and now my glass is run."Often a Renaissance poem will begin with antithesis to establish circumstances and reveal its themes through paradox..

text: The Elegy is remarkable for being written almost entirely in monosyllables (every word in the poem is of one syllable, with ten words in each line, Monostich style), with the possible exception of the word "fallen". However, in early editions it was written as "fall'n" which is monosyllabic.[11]

text: The Elegy has inspired many homages and 'answers' including those by Jonathon Robin at allpoetry.com ; a rap version by David A More at www.marlovian.com ; After Reading Tichborne's Elegy by Dick Allen (2003) and an affecting reworking by Nick Montfort called Tichborne's Lexicon, which is an alphabetical list of the words in the Elegy (http://nickm.com/poems/noncomputational.html). The Elegy has also been set to music many times from the Elizabethan era to the present day by, among others, Michael East, Richard Alison (fl1580-1610, in An Hour's Recreation in musicke, 1606), John Mundy (1592) and Charles-François Gounod (1873) and more recently Norman Dello Joio (1949) and Jim Clark (see [1]).

text: The Housedove

text: The Housedove exploits a popular image from the period: Tichborne sees himself as an innocent dove caught among his fellow conspirators, (see Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet 1.5.48). The 'crafty fowler' is probably Sir Francis Walsingham, the spymaster who manipulated the Babington plot

text: Sources[edit]

text:
Richard S. M. Hirsch (1986) The Works of Chidiock Tichborne, English Literary Renaissance, (1986) Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 303–318 and (1987) Vol 17 pp. 276–7
Isaac D'Israeli (circa 1859) (1st collected edition 1881) Curiosities of Literature, Vol. II, pp. 171–178
Teresa McLean (1982) The Recusant Legend: Chideock Tichborne, History Today, Vol. 32, Issue 5, May 1982, pp. 11–14
Katharine Tynan (Hinkson) (1892) A Conspirator under Queen Elizabeth, article in The Ave Maria, Vol. XXXV, Notre Dame, Indiana, 24 September 1892, No. 13


document_title: Mr. Peabody & Sherman

question_text: who plays penny in mr peabody and sherman

text: Mr. Peabody & Sherman

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mr. Peabody is a gifted anthropomorphic dog who has an adopted 7-year-old young human son, Sherman. He tutors Sherman travelling throughout history using the WABAC, a time machine. They visit Marie Antoinette in Versailles during the French Revolution in 1789. Getting caught in the Reign of Terror, Peabody is nearly sent to the guillotine by Maximilien Robespierre, but escapes with Sherman through the Paris sewers.

text: In the present day, Sherman attends the Susan B. Anthony School in New York City on his first day of school. His knowledge of the apocryphal nature of the George Washington cherry-tree anecdote leads to a fight with Penny Peterson in the cafeteria where she puts him in a choke hold. Peabody is called in by Principal Purdy who tells Peabody that Sherman had bit Penny. He is also confronted during this meeting by Ms. Grunion, a Child Protective Services agent, who implies that Sherman's behavior is due to being raised by a dog. She informs Peabody that she will come to their home to investigate whether he is an unfit parent.

text: Peabody invites Penny and her parents over for a dinner party to reconcile before Ms. Grunion arrives. Penny calls Sherman a liar for claiming first-hand knowledge of history. Despite Peabody's contrary instructions, Sherman shows Penny the WABAC. Penny goads Sherman into taking her into the past, where she stays in Ancient Egypt in 1332 BCE to marry King Tut. Sherman returns to get Mr. Peabody's help. Peabody hypnotises the Petersons, and retrieves Penny by telling her the fate of a pharaoh's widow.

text: The WABAC runs out of power, but Peabody is able to get them to Renaissance Florence in 1508 where they meet Leonardo da Vinci. Penny and Sherman explore da Vinci's attic, finding his flying machine. Penny goads Sherman into flying it, which he manages to do before crashing. Da Vinci is thrilled the device works, but Peabody is upset that Sherman risked his safety and destroyed a historical artifact.

text: They again attempt to return, but a black hole forces them into an emergency landing during the Trojan War in 1184 BCE. Upset about learning what Ms. Grunion would do to him, Sherman runs off and joins the army of King Agamemnon in the Trojan Horse. During the final parts of the Trojan War, Penny is trapped inside the Horse as it rolls towards a cliff. Peabody rescues her, but apparently dies during the attempt.

text: Sherman pilots the WABAC to a few minutes before they left in the present to get Mr. Peabody's help to fix everything. As Sherman and Penny try to explain the situation, Sherman's earlier self shows up. Peabody tries to conceal the presence of two Shermans from the Petersons, then Grunion arrives. Then a second Peabody arrives from Ancient Troy. Grunion's attempt to collect both Shermans causes them to touch and begin to merge. Both Peabodys rush to assist, but they each merge back together amidst a cosmic shockwave. Grunion grabs Sherman to take him away, hurting him in the process. Peabody furiously bites Grunion, who then calls the NYPD. Peabody, Penny, and Sherman race to the WABAC, but cannot time travel due to a rip in the space-time continuum caused by the merger of their cosmic doubles. Historical figures and objects from the past begin falling from the cosmic rip and into the present.

text: Mr. Peabody crash-lands the WABAC in Grand Army Plaza at William Tecumseh Sherman's statue's base. Historical figures and police officers quickly surround them. Grunion calls in Animal Control to collect Peabody. Sherman explains that everything was his fault, but Grunion contends that it is all because a dog cannot raise a boy. Sherman climactically shouts down Grunion, saying that if being a dog means being as loving and loyal as Peabody is, then he is proud to be a dog too. Penny, her parents, the historical figures, and others all make the same pledge. George Washington is able to grant Peabody a presidential pardon which is supported by Abraham Lincoln and Bill Clinton.

text: As Peabody, Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, and Agamemnon try to figure out how to close the rip, Sherman suggests they travel into the future. Peabody and Sherman take off in the WABAC and undo the damage. The historical figures are dragged back to their respective times, with Agamemnon abducting Grunion back to his own time as she vows revenge on Peabody.

text: Sherman returns to school having made great friends with Penny. History, meanwhile, is contaminated with modern traits, while Grunion and Agamemnon get married in the Trojan Horse.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Ty Burrell as Mr. Peabody,[8] a talking intelligent young dog, business titan, inventor, scientist, Nobel laureate, gourmet chef, and two-time Olympic medalist[9]
Max Charles as Sherman,[8] Peabody's seven-year-old adopted young boy[10]
Ariel Winter as Penny Peterson, Mr. and Mrs. Peterson's daughter and Sherman's classmate[11][12]
Stephen Colbert as Paul Peterson, Penny Peterson's father and Patty's husband[11]
Leslie Mann as Patty Peterson, Paul's wife and Penny's mother[12][13]
Allison Janney as Edwina Grunion,[14] the bigoted and stocky Children's Services agent[11][15]
Stephen Tobolowsky as Principal Purdy, the principal of Sherman's school[16]
Stanley Tucci as Leonardo da Vinci[12][13]
Patrick Warburton as King Agamemnon[17]
Zach Callison as King Tut[18]
Dennis Haysbert as Judge[19]
Leila Birch as WABAC[20]
Karan Brar as Mason, one of Sherman's friends
Joshua Rush as Carl, another one of Sherman's friends; he also wears glasses and is seen in a wheelchair
Thomas Lennon as Italian Peasant #2

text: In addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks),[21] Mona Lisa (Lake Bell),[12] Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser),[16] Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos),[16] George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell),[20] Odysseus (Tom McGrath),[20] Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo)[20] and Spartacus (Walt Dohrn).[22] There are also cameos with no words by Benjamin Franklin,[23] Mahatma Gandhi,[24] William Shakespeare,[25] Ludwig van Beethoven,[25] Vincent van Gogh,[26] the Wright Brothers,[22] Jackie Robinson[22] and baby Moses.[27]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Plans for a film starring Mister Peabody and Sherman have existed for several years with director Rob Minkoff. His first attempt to make a feature film goes to 2003, when it was reported that Minkoff's Sony-based production company Sprocketdyne Entertainment and Bullwinkle Studios would produce a live-action/CG film, with a possibility of Minkoff to direct it.[28]

text: The live-action film was not realized, but in 2006, Minkoff joined DreamWorks Animation to direct a computer-animated film adaptation. Andrew Kurtzman was set to write the screenplay, based on the pitch, developed by Minkoff with his longtime producing partner Jason Clark.[29] The final screenplay was written by Craig Wright, with revisions by Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon.

text: Tiffany Ward, daughter of Jay Ward, one of the creators of the original series, served as an executive producer,[6] whose job was to make sure the film stayed "true to the integrity of the characters." When she was approached by Minkoff ten years before the film's release, she was enthused by his intention to respect the legacy: "What better caretaker for the characters could we ask for than Rob."[30] Lengthy pursuit to make the adaptation "perfect" took them a long time, but she was pleased with the end result, which stayed "very true to the original cartoon."[30]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In early 2011, Robert Downey, Jr. signed on to voice Mr. Peabody,[31] but in March 2012, he was replaced by Ty Burrell.[8] Reportedly, Downey's commitments to The Avengers and other franchises did not allow him to find the time to record his lines.[32] Initially, Tiffany Ward and others at the studio opposed Burrell, who was then relatively unknown, but he managed to convince them with a successful audition.[32] Ward insisted on someone who sounds like Mr. Peabody did in the original series, while Minkoff saw the casting as an opportunity "to modernize the character."[32] He promised her that Burrell would try to "get there and he started watching the show to nail the cadence. He got the underlying connection and he made it his own."[32]

text: Max Charles, the actor who played young Peter Parker in The Amazing Spider-Man, voiced Sherman.[8] Stephen Colbert voiced Paul Peterson, Leslie Mann, who replaced Ellie Kemper, voiced Peterson's wife, Patty,[12] and Ariel Winter voiced their daughter Penny. Other voices include Stephen Tobolowsky, Allison Janney, Mel Brooks, Stanley Tucci, Patrick Warburton, Lake Bell, Zach Callison, Karan Brar, and Dennis Haysbert.[11] According to Minkoff, Burrell was chosen because his voice "embodied all the different aspects of the character today. Not just the intellect and the suave personality, but the underlying warmth as well."[30]

text: Release[edit]

text: Mr. Peabody & Sherman went through several release date changes. Originally scheduled for March 2014,[33][34] DreamWorks Animation's high expectations moved the film to November 2013, replacing another DreamWorks Animation film, Me and My Shadow.[11][35] The last shift happened in February 2013, which pushed the film back to March 7, 2014, reportedly due to a "more advantageous release window", again replacing Me and My Shadow.[3] The film premiered a month earlier in the United Kingdom, on February 7, 2014.[36]

text: The film was planned[37] to be theatrically[38] accompanied with a DreamWorks Animation short film, Rocky & Bullwinkle,[39] based on the Rocky and Bullwinkle characters from The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. The short was directed by Gary Trousdale, who is known for co-directing Disney's Beauty and the Beast, produced by Nolan Cascino, and written by Thomas Lennon and Robert Garant.[39] June Foray was set to reprise her role as Rocket "Rocky" J. Squirrel,[39] while Tom Kenny was set to voice Bullwinkle Moose.[40] The short would have served as a test for a possible feature film based on the characters.[41] Almost Home, a short based on the DreamWorks Animation film Home, played before the film instead.[42] However, the new CGI Rocky & Bullwinkle short was instead released on the Blu-ray release of the film.[43]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Mr. Peabody & Sherman was released in digital HD on September 23, 2014, and on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD on October 14, 2014.[44] The Blu-ray release also included a  new CGI Rocky & Bullwinkle short film.[44] As of February 2015, 3.4 million home entertainment units were sold.[45]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: As of May 2018, review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 80% based on reviews from 130 critics, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The website's consensus read: "Mr. Peabody & Sherman offers a surprisingly entertaining burst of colorful all-ages fun, despite its dated source material and rather convoluted plot."[46] Another review aggregation website, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 59 out of 100 based on 34 reviews.[47] Furthermore, the CinemaScore audience rating of the film is an "A", indicating they were pleased with the film.[48]

text: Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian said: "(The film) takes a little while for the audience to get up to speed, but once this is achieved, there's an awful lot of unexpected fun to be had,"[49] while Mark Kermode of the sister paper The Observer declared, "Pleasant to report, then, that DreamWorks' latest offers a fairly consistent stream of sight gags and vocal slapstick, even as the plot veers wildly down a wormhole in the time-space continuum."[50] Kevin McFarland of The A.V. Club gave the film a C+, saying, "Unlike the whimsical, slapstick-driven shorts on which it's based, this feature-length adaptation adds an obligatory emotional arc that feels at odds with the zany spirit of historical time-travel tales."[51] A. O. Scott of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying, "This DreamWorks Animation production, directed by Rob Minkoff (Stuart Little, The Lion King) from a screenplay by Craig Wright, is not perfect, but it is fast-moving, intermittently witty and pretty good fun."[52] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a B, saying, "Mr. Peabody & Sherman is a whip-smart, consistently funny and good-natured film with some terrific voice performances and one of the most hilarious appearances ever by an animated version of a living human being."[53] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "Mr. Peabody & Sherman is lively, educational and intermittently amusing. The fun, however, grows strained and formulaic as the movie goes on."[54] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two out of four stars, saying, "The film's animation design is strictly generic in its rounded edges and dutiful 3-D IN YOUR FACE!!! gimmicks. And the story gets off to such a sour start, it takes a long time for the comedy to recover."[21]

text: Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic gave the film two and a half stars out of five, saying, "It retains the main characters, the WABAC machine, the trips through history – but not the sense of nuttiness that made the TV cartoon so delightful."[55] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "What a relief to see that while Mr. Peabody's visuals are enhanced to sleek 21st-century standards, the essential charm of the series survives more or less intact."[56] Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Burrell doesn't quite capture the wry deadpan of the original, but then, neither does the movie. That's okay."[57] Bruce Demara of the Toronto Star gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Kids of all ages are sure to enjoy this visually splendid, fast-paced blast through the past."[58] Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a negative review, saying, "For all the ways the film reflects its earlier TV incarnation, the shadings have been softened. Mr. Peabody could use a bit more bite."[59] Soren Anderson of The Seattle Times gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "Frantically paced by director Rob Minkoff (The Lion King) and making very effective use of 3D – Hey! Get that sword out of my face! – the movie will surely appeal to kids."[60] Rafer Guzman of Newsday gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "The movie has trouble stitching together disjointed episodes into a coherent narrative. Thanks to a strong voice cast, however, the characters retain their charm throughout."[61]

text: Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, saying, "The film's saving grace is its character design and use of 3D techniques to speed things up in every sense when the plot starts to flag."[62] Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "Mr. Peabody is fast-paced and jammed with rib-poking historical references, but it couldn't be called witty, even on the broadly winking level of the original cartoon."[63] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Fifty years ago, animated entertainment was a lot quieter. But that was my Mr. Peabody & Sherman. This is someone else's. And it should give them, and even a few open-minded parents, almost just as much giggly fun."[64] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B, saying, "Mr. Peabody & Sherman has a zesty time mixing and matching historical figures, from Marie Antoinette to George Washington. Yet the movie never, to my mind, conjured quite the quirky effervescence of such brainiac animated features as the Jimmy Neutron or SpongeBob SquarePants movies."[65] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film one out of four stars, saying, "By visual standards alone, the characters, rendered in eye-popping 3-D, resemble nothing so much as Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade floats. They're just as lifeless and inexpressive, too."[66] Sean Daly of the Tampa Bay Times gave the film a B, saying, "Before getting sucked into a what-the-wormhole ending that will scramble young brains, time-travel romp Mr. Peabody & Sherman is a fast, fun 3-D getaway."[67]

text: Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Against all odds, DreamWorks Animation has created a smart, funny and beautifully designed feature called Mr. Peabody & Sherman."[68] Tom Huddleston of Time Out gave the film two out of five stars, saying, "This feature-length Mr Peabody & Sherman is by no means unbearable: there are a few decent gags, and the episodic plot just about manages to hold the interest. But there's little here for any but the most easy-to-please youngsters."[69] Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "The film spent roughly a dozen years in development, and the moronic, corporate detritus from that long time warp is strewn about like so many improbable history lessons."[70] Steven Rea of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Mr. Peabody & Sherman has a cool, midcentury-modern look (dog and boy live in a populuxe Manhattan penthouse) and a voice cast that may not be A-list but fits the bill nicely."[71] David Gritten of The Daily Telegraph gave the film four out of five stars, saying, "It's sweet-natured and amusing, with a story to captivate kids; yet the script has enough witty touches to keep adults laughing too."[72] Perry Seibert, writing for AllMovie, gave the movie two stars out of five, calling the movie "long, loud, and visually exhausting" and saying that it "feels less like an attempt to update a boomer classic for millennials than a prime example of how lazy marketing guys hold sway over what movies get made."[73]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Mr. Peabody & Sherman grossed $111,506,430 in North America, and $164,191,609 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $275,698,039[5] With a budget of $145 million,[5] the film underperformed, forcing DreamWorks Animation to take a $57 million write-down on behalf of the film.[74]

text: In North America, the film earned $8 million on its opening day,[75] and opened to number two in its first weekend, with $32,207,057, behind 300: Rise of an Empire.[76] In its second weekend, the film moved up to number one, grossing $21,809,249.[77] In its third weekend, the film dropped to number three, grossing $11,832,558.[78] In its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number four, grossing $9,070,635.[79]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Award

Category

Recipients and nominees

Result

Annie Award[80][81]

Outstanding Achievement for Animated Effects in an Animated Production

Fangwei Lee, Krzysztof Rost, Jihyun Yoon, Robert Chen

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Character Design in an Animated Feature Production

Timothy Lamb, Joe Moshier

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Music in an Animated Feature Production

Danny Elfman

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Feature Production

David James, Ruben Perez, Priscilla Wong, Timothy Lamb, Alexandre Puvilland

Nominated

British Academy Children's Awards[82]

BAFTA Kid's Vote – Film in 2014

Nominated

Golden Trailer Awards[83]

Best Original Score

"Who's the Dog", 20th Century Fox, Buddha Jones

Nominated

Best Animation/Family TV Spot

Nominated

Best Pre-show Theatrical Advertising for a Brand

"Odeon Premier Club", 20th Century Fox, Toy Box Entertainment

Nominated

Best Viral Video or Campaign

"History Greatest Mystery", 20th Century Fox, Toy Box Entertainment

Nominated

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Mr. Peabody & ShermanSoundtrack album by Danny ElfmanReleased
March 3, 2014Recorded
2014Genre
Film scoreLength
50:10Label
Relativity Music GroupDanny Elfman film scores chronology

American Hustle(2013)American Hustle2013

Mr. Peabody & Sherman(2014)

Big Eyes(2014)Big Eyes2014

text: The film's score was composed by Danny Elfman.[84] The soundtrack was released by Relativity Music Group on March 3, 2014.[85] Peter Andre wrote and performed for the film a song titled "Kid",[86][87] which is played during the British version of the end credits, instead of Grizfolk's "Way Back When".[88]

text: All music composed by Danny Elfman, except as noted.

text: No.TitleLength1."Mr. Peabody’s Prologue"3:192."Reign of Terror!"2:483."The Drop Off"1:144."The Dog Whistle"0:485."The Cherry Tree"0:596."A Deep Regard"0:527."Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)" (John Lennon)3:518."Dinner Party"0:309."The Petersons / The Wabac Machine"3:0810."Aquarela do Brasil"0:4711."Off to Egypt"2:0712."The Wedding Exodus"1:0513."Hammer-Time"0:5714."The Flying Machine"4:4215."Trojan Horse"3:2516."War / Disaster"3:3217."History Mash-Up"4:3318."I'm a Dog Too"3:4119."Fixing the Rip"2:1320."Back to School"1:1621."Aquarela do Brasil (Coda)"1:0322."The Amazing Mr. Peabody"0:3423."Way Back When" (Grizfolk)2:46Total length:50:10

text: Television series[edit]

text: An animated television series featuring Mr. Peabody and Sherman, titled The Mr. Peabody and Sherman Show, was premiered on October 9, 2015, on Netflix.[89] The series is based on the 1960s short film segments that aired as part of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, and it also takes some elements from the film.[89] After being revealed as time travelers at the end of the film, Mr. Peabody and Sherman launch a live TV variety show, hosting various historical figures at their Manhattan penthouse.[89] The series is hand-drawn, with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation.[89] Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell, while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film.[89] According to The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839, 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered.[90] A soundtrack for the series was released digitally on October 2, 2015, and on CD in December 2015. Published by Lakeshore Records, the album features original score and the opening theme song by Eric Goldman and Michael Corcoran (aka The Outfit), and new original songs by Jukebox the Ghost, JD McPherson, Wordsworth and Prince Paul, and Ra Ra Riot.[91][92]

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^  In 2018, the film's distribution rights were transferred to Universal Pictures via its acquisition of DreamWorks Animation.

tag: ol