document_title: Big Nate

question_text: when does the next big nate come out

question_tokens: when does the next big nate come out

text: Big Nate

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Big Nate follows the adventures and misadventures of Nate Wright, a spirited and rebellious sixth-grader, along with his classmates and teachers at Public School 38, and other people and animals in the fictional town of Rackleff, Maine.  He is portrayed as a boy with little interest in studies or conforming to standards. The lack of interest leads him into several conflicts with his social studies teacher Mrs. Godfrey, who he considers his nemesis. Peirce also focuses on Nate's home life and friendships with his best friends, Francis and Teddy. Answering questions from fans in the Washington Post,[2] Peirce revealed the following about the creation of the strip:

text: Big Nate started out as more of a "domestic humor" strip than it is now. It was my intention to feature a lot of stories about Nate's single dad, and all the comic possibilities inherent in that. But before too long, I realized that the part of the strip that I enjoyed most was the school humor. I'd been a teacher myself, and schools can be very funny places.

text: Characters[edit]

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text: Wright family[edit]

text:
Nate Wright: The comic strip's main character. Nate is in sixth grade and 11 years old, a talented cartoonist, drummer, and prankster, as he plays funny yet overdone pranks on Prank Day (the last day or 2nd last day of school). He is somewhat vain, believing himself to be irresistible to girls despite being rejected repeatedly, a brilliant sports player despite his lack of athletic abilities, and a genius despite his terrible grades. Nate spends much of his time in detention, in the art room drawing comics, or playing drums for his garage band, Enslave the Mollusk, which also comprises his friends Francis and Teddy and was assembled at Nate's suggestion, after a high school band called the Distempers performed at the spring dance (except that their lead singer sneezed during "Stairway to Heaven" and fell off the stage.) Nate is desperate to own a dog, but almost never gets his wish, as his father does not want to own a dog. He also suffers from ailurophobia, hates figure-skating and egg salad, but loves "Cheez Doodles". Surprisingly, Nate's most well-known talent is that he is a skilled chess-player, to the complete confusion of his friends and family.
Martin Earl "Marty" Wright: Nate's father, a balding, overweight divorcee who lost his job in the eighth novel of the series (eventually getting another one). Like his son, he is somewhat clueless about his own failings, and considers himself a professional musician despite his indescribably horrible singing voice and initially poor steel-string guitar playing, an athlete despite his inherent laziness, and an expert golfer, though he constantly cheats or loses his ball.  He is a health-nut and always tries to hand out healthy alternatives to candy on Halloween (raisins, prunes etc.), which are always rejected by trick-or-treaters. He also was the hero of the first Mud Bowl according to Big Nate Blasts Off! His first name was first stated on 7/28/05. He first appeared 1/10/91.
Ellen Wright: Nate's fifteen-year-old sister. Unlike Nate, Ellen is responsible and hardworking, and loves cats and figure-skating. Nate is always compared to Ellen in school by teachers. She is Nate's constant rival, and he enjoys playing pranks on her. Ellen also dates Gordie on and off, who works at the comic book store, Klassic Komix and has previously dated Kenny Smithson, the captain of the football team and is considered her crush.They briefly broke up before reconciling. She is 4 years older than Nate and first appeared 1/8/91.
Marge Wright: Nate's grandmother. She and her husband, Vern, have a slightly tense relationship, as she sometimes nags him about giving up her career for married life and for generally being lazy and perverted. She first appeared 7/28/05.
Vern Wright: Nate's grandfather. He enjoys stating his opinion without consideration, using his age to show off. He is shown to have a tattoo, and he also likes Junior Mints. He first appeared 7/28/05.
Ted Wright: Nate's lazy uncle, an overweight, unemployed man-child who lives in Nate's grandparent's basement. He dropped out of college and since then has never held down a job. He is oblivious to his family's hints that he move out and find work, and spouts sci-fi and musical trivia at the drop of a hat. He first appeared 8/1/05

text: Friends and students[edit]

text:
Artur Pashkov: A very friendly, intelligent, and well-liked exchange student from Belarus.[3]  He is in Nate's class, and is Jenny Jenkins' boyfriend. Jenny's liking for Arthur, and Artur's ability to beat Nate at chess (and almost anything else) makes Nate take an instant dislike to Artur. Artur was the Boys' Age-Group Chess Champion of Belarus before moving to the United States. Artur speaks somewhat broken English as a second language. He is very innocent, gentle, kind, and (most of the time) unassuming. He regards Nate as his best friend, and is generally unaware of Nate's personal dislike of him. He went with his father, a college professor, to Turkey for 6 months, during which time Nate tried to start going out with Jenny. Artur is a nice boy who is trying to please Nate, including letting Nate beat him at chess at one point. While Nate somewhat views Artur as a friend, he is quite jealous of Artur's talent and better luck. His first appearance on the comic strip was on May 7, 2001. From Nate's point of view, Artur is the main antagonist (though not necessarily an antagonist) in Big Nate On A Roll. In September 2004, Nate came to the front office late, so Mrs. Shipulski the school secretary, asked Artur to read the day's morning announcements, enraging Nate (as reading the announcements is his job), and prompting him to try to take over in the middle of the announcements, setting off a violent brawl between Nate and Artur (which was broadcast over the school intercom), and resulting in them both getting in trouble with Wesley Nichols the school principal, but it was later revealed that Artur was let off the hook, and Nate was given school detention for causing the fight.
Randy Betancourt: One of Nate's other rivals which Nate sometimes refers to as "Randy Buttancourt". Randy once got Nate into detention in the chess club bake sale by using Nate as a scapegoat. He is the main antagonist in Big Nate Strikes Again, in which he creates a fleeceball team called the Raptors and gets revenge on Nate by injuring him, stepping hard on his foot, after Nate accidentally hurts Randy's nose. His first appearance in the comic strip was on 25 April 2010. Usually, Nate tries to avoid confrontation with Randy, but once when Randy was bullying Francis, Nate jumped on Randy "like a rabid wolverine." They became friends in peer counseling after a Jefferson student shoved Nate in Big Nate Blasts Off. Their new friendship was strengthened when the two boys were in the PS 38 Ultimate Frisbee team in the Mud Bowl. Randy and Nate discovered they were very effective playing together. From rivals they went to become great buddies. However, in the comic strip, they still remain as rivals. In one comic, it is revealed that his mom writes him a note in his lunch bag and calls him "Lil Dumpling". He once dislocated his arm while trying to attack Nate.
Jenny Jenkins: Nate's classmate since grade one. She is his biggest crush, however, she used to despise Nate (though Nate was absolutely oblivious, believing Jenny is hiding her true feelings). She briefly moved to Seattle, but moved back on June 8, 2013. She is blonde with blue eyes and dates Artur. She has no feelings for Nate and up to 2016, couldn't stand Nate. But on April 11, 2016 it was stated that Nate doesn't like Jenny anymore, so Jenny doesn't hate him and they are friends now. She tends to go berserk when something embarrassing is done to her (e.g. when Nate tripped and spilled egg salad on her). In older comics, it mentions that she and Sheila Stapleton were best friends.
Dee Dee Dorcas Holloway: A friend of Nate mentioned in Big Nate Strikes Again and also reappeared in Big Nate Goes For Broke and Big Nate Flips Out. She is a member of the drama club and is considered by Nate to be a drama queen. Nate did not like her much at first, but she has gradually become a part of Nate's friend group and a major character. Dee Dee and Nate are now friends, and are comfortable with each other. She is a very good artist and cartoonist, and had once hosted a large party. She first appeared in the comics on 1/28/16.
Kelly: Nate's ex-girlfriend whom he met at soccer camp. She goes to Jefferson Middle School, and is the goalie on the girls' soccer team. Not seen since Nate broke up with her to try to start going with Jenny after Jenny broke up with her boyfriend. (Kelly was angry, with good reason, because Nate broke up with her using a note written on the back of a detention slip.) They dated from July 20, 2001 to April 11, 2002. Nate regretted everything after seeing that Jenny was dating Greg Proxmire moments after. This was Nate's fault, obviously.
Breckenridge Puffington III: Nate's most recent met student. He's somewhat shy and is a huge fanatic of plants. Teddy is constantly messing up his first name. He considered Nate his "buddy," but Nate thinks the opposite about him. Nate said to his friends once that Breckenridge is a stiff, boring, has an annoying voice, and is a wuss. Nate was constantly wondering if he had met Breckenridge before. Apparently, his name was Bobby at the Honey Hive 7 years ago,and he used to bully Nate when they were toddlers. He was a contributing member of Nate's Non-Stoppers winning the scavenger hunt, and even found the Granny Peppers Mural. He has only appeared once in 2015 and in a drawing in Big Nate Blasts Off.
Nick Blonsky: Nick is mentioned in the first two books. In the first, Nate says even Nick was raising his hand along with everyone else but he had a pencil up his nose. In the second, Nate says he is a horrible project partner because he is usually 'digging for gold'. He makes his first major appearance in the fifth book as the main antagonist. He steals a camera that Nate borrowed from Mrs. Godfrey, which results in Francis getting in trouble. Nick says he stole the camera just because he wanted to see Nate and Francis fight. Dee Dee records the conversation and Nick gets suspended from school for a week. Nick is also a known liar. He has never appeared in a comic strip.
Francis Butthurst Pope: First appeared on January 17, 1991. Nate's number #1 friend, Francis is very intelligent, and this upsets his friends from time to time. He has a gap between his teeth and lets people bully him often. Nate and Francis frequently make fun of each other, but he states that this is how they operate. Contrary to Nate's feelings for them, Francis is friendly with both Mrs. Godfrey and Artur. Francis plays the electric guitar in Enslave the Mollusk and dates Sheila.
Teddy Square Root Ortiz : First appeared on January 27, 1994. Nate's number "1A" best friend, Teddy is a comedic character who frequently cracks jokes and annoys Nate. Like Francis, Teddy likes Artur and is a member of Enslave the Mollusk. His middle name is the square root symbol since his parents are math teachers. In Big Nate: Flips Out, it is revealed that he is fluent in Spanish. He plays the musical keyboard in Enslave The Mollusk.
Gina Hemphill-Toms: One of Nate's schoolmates and rivals. Gina is a nerd. She weighs 123 pounds (56 kilograms) as a result of no exercise. Gina spends 18 hours a day studying and wears nerdy, thick glasses. Gina always gets an A plus on her assignments, but sometimes she gets them because the teachers like her. She is the secondary antagonist in Big Nate Strikes Again.
Chad Applewhite: Chad is one of Nate's good friends. He is a chubby kid with red hair and freckles. He is obsessed with eating and food. In Big Nate: In a Class By Himself; Nate mistakes him for Todd. He is willing to help Nate with all his schemes. When he is selling things with Nate, because he is so cute, the customers end up buying all the things he is selling. Chad has appeared in the comics around 2009.
Kim Cressly: A very big girl who at one point decided Nate was her boyfriend and refused to take "no" for an answer.  Nate spent much of his time trying to avoid her before she started dating Chester. When Nate's team was unable to find a sponsor, her family's bakery became the sponsor, giving the name the Cream Puffs, much to Nate's horror. She then joined and "dated" Nate, though he attempted to object many times. This was before she dated Chester, but she continued on the team anyway.
Chester Budrick:Chester Budrick is a male student at P.S. 38, and a school bully. Chester is mostly seen either in detention, bullying Nate, etc. He is also dating Kim Cressley, who previously had a crush on Nate. He is also shown to play on the school baseball and basketball team. Chester's appearance is unknown, and has been teased throughout the series. In Big Nate Strikes Again, it was revealed he has a beard and tattoos and looks like he has been on growth hormones. He is 6 foot 6 inches, and weighs 300 pounds (136 kilograms).
Marcus Goode: Marcus is "the popular kid" in school, though it is difficult to understand why. He is a narcissistic bully. Two members of his gang are Andy and Dennis. In Big Nate: Say Good-Bye To Dork City, Nate joins his posse, but then realizes that it isn't that fun. After Marcus teases Artur, Nate reaches his breaking point and quits, earning a black eye when standing up to him when he used Francis' dumb technique of only saying "I'm not afraid of you" He is the main antagonist of the sixth book. He ran against Nate for student president once in 2009 and lost to Nate.
Gertrude, "Trudy": Nate's most recent girlfriend, who first appeared on 7/13/15 on a ride with Nate at the state fair, on which Nate develops a crush for Trudy. Nate couldn't find her after the ride, and tries to find her. Eventually, he finds her at the same school as him. She is in 7th grade, while Nate is  in the 6th grade. After an initial misunderstanding, they started dating in October 2015. They dated from October 15, 2015 to March 25, 2016.
Sheila Stapleton: Is a friend of Nate, Francis, Teddy, and Jenny.  She goes out with Francis. In the older comics, it states that she is the captain of the cheerleaders and is Jenny's best friend.
Kayla MacIntyre: The editor of the Weekly Bugle, the school newspaper.
Angie: Nate's first girlfriend. They dated from July 30, 1997 to February 12, 1998. She appeared twice more: once at the school dance, where Nate consoles her, and again when she runs against Nate for school president. Nate and Angie met at summer school.
T.J.: Jenny's boyfriend from January 9, 1997 to March 23, 1998
Ronnie Dwyer: Jenny's boyfriend from March 31, 2000 to March 25, 2002
Greg Proxmire: Jenny's boyfriend from April 13, 2002 to November 29, 2004
Paige: Teddy's girlfriend from April 18, 2011 to November 2, 2016
Ruby Dinsmore: Ruby is Nate's latest crush in Big Nate Blasts Off. Randy also has a crush on her. She kissed Nate when she found out he wasn't moving. She was Nate's teammate on P.S. 38's Mud Bowl team.
Daisy: Nate's girlfriend from March 18, 2017 to April 1, 2017. They met after Nate gave her a valentine and she thanked him for that. They went on their first date on March 20, 2017. On their date they found out they weren't good for each other and broke up.
Lee Ann Pfister: Girl who gets detention in Big Nate On A Roll. She had broken the rule that students cannot wear shirts that do not cover their belly button.
Abby Wilson: Nate's girlfriend for 5 minutes and 10 seconds on 4/24/97.
Becca: Student that Nate can never remember her name. She is seen to like unicorns and hates boys (saying that they're smelly) and super heroes.
Madeline: Minor character whose first appearance was 1 October 2013 and her last was 5 October 2013. She goes out with Joe Tarbox.
Joe Tarbox: Boy that, although has never been seen, goes out with a girl called Madeline.

text: P.S. 38 school staff[edit]

text:
Mrs. Clara Godfrey: First appeared January 28, 1991. Nate's ultimate hated teacher, his social studies teacher. Nate spends much of his time trying to avoid her outside of class and antagonizing her in class, making up several nicknames for her, like Venus de Silo, Godzilla, Dark Side Of the Moon, etc.. Nate has been known to exaggerate her physical features in his comics. Nate always refers here to the 'Creature Teacher' and hates her the most due to her rude attitude. Additionally, he frequently draws her as a parody of The Devil. Nate also thinks that 6th grade would have been much easier for him if his older sister Ellen had not been there first. The relations between Mrs. Godfrey and Nate are not entirely negative, though. She allows Nate to create reports in cartoon form, giving him an outlet for his creativity and energy. She has two daughters named Katrina and Meghan, and her maiden name is Lessard. She shares Nate's love for Star Trek: The Next Generation, a fact that is especially horrifying to him.
Mr. Ken Rosa: First appeared January 24, 1991. Nate's art teacher, Mr. Rosa is a soft-spoken and mild-mannered man but somewhat overworked and embittered about his career. As a result, Nate enjoys a lot of freedom in art class. He also enjoys sketching pictures of his teachers. Mr. Rosa has a master's degree, but he has to work at an ice cream shop called Sweet Licks all summer long to make ends meet.
Principal Wesley Nichols: The principal of P.S. 38. Nate and the other students are very friendly towards him, but do not really treat him as an authority figure; he is bewildered by the students. On the rare occasion he goes out of his office, he soon retreats. He is sometimes snappy to Nate and Nate is taken aback by this, but of all the teachers (besides Mr. Rosa, Mrs. Shipulski, and Mrs. Czerwicki) he is probably the one Nate gets along best with; he sometimes helps the cartooning club and treats Nate's antics with good humor most of the time. He has a niece named Noelle, who is one of Nate's classmates and never gets in trouble. His first name was revealed when he was interviewed on the news in Big Nate Lives it Up. He is usually the victim in the worst prank on each Prank Day.
Mrs. Geraldine Shipulski: Principal Nichols' secretary. She prides herself on her 18.5 BMI. Nate flatters her by calling her a "cougar," among other things. She has 22 million Twitter followers as shown in the recent comics in which one of them revealed her first name. It is mentioned that she is 62. Nate once gave her a box of Snowcaps on Secretary's Day.
Mrs. Czerwicki: She is a school volunteer who supervises the students in detention. She is friendly with Nate. She reads romance novels while sitting in detention. In one strip it is revealed that she wears a wig and was once an actress. She first appeared on February 16, 1997.
Mr. Galvin:  Nate's science teacher. He has a crush on Greta Van Susteren. He has almost no visible sense of humor and conducts a very boring class. According to Nate, he is the Oldest Teacher present in school.
"School Picture Guy": Not only showing up every year as the school picture photographer, this character often shows up in unexpected places doing odd jobs such as a birthday clown, DJ or a school board meeting reporter. "School Picture Guy" often has some amusing nuggets of wisdom about the job he is doing, or for whatever is on Nate's mind at the moment. He is known to be a fan of Star Trek. His actual name has never been revealed.
Coach Calhoun: Nate's main PE teacher. He is also Nate's friends' baseball, soccer, and basketball coach.
Coach John: He is a substitute of Coach Calhoun. He is a soccer coach of Nate. He is a former coach (now substitute coach) who is known to use "tough love" speech tactics with his pupils and likes to make them do wind sprints, even when they are in a classroom. In Big Nate Flips Out, it is revealed that Coach John wears a toupee. In Big Nate Flips Out, it shows Coach John's toupee blow off in the wind. He is bad with names (although he knows Nate's last name well). He usually comes up with nicknames for Nate like "Porcupine," "Speedy," and "Cactus Head". First appeared on July 5, 2001.
Mr. Staples: The math teacher. He likes to tell corny knock-knock jokes. First appeared on January 5, 1997.
Mrs. Clarke: Nate's English teacher who first appeared on September 12, 1991. Nate stated that Mrs. Clarke is his 2nd favorite teacher behind Mr. Rosa and gave her a 9 on teacher rating list. It was mentioned that Mrs. Godfrey and Mrs. Clarke are good friends.
Mrs. "Hickey" Hickson: The school librarian. She is a middle-aged woman who does not tolerate insolence from anyone. She is the first person to ever send Gina Hemphill-Toms to detention in Big Nate: Strikes Again.
Ms. La Chance: Nate's French teacher.
Mrs. Lumley: A cafeteria worker who is mostly very unfriendly.
Mrs. Corzini: A lunch aide.
Mrs. Colletti: Appears in Big Nate Blasts Off and appears as a mean lunch aide. Nate describes her as "Coach John but with hairier legs".
Mrs. Brindle: The Life skills teacher. In 'Big Nate In the Zone', Nate describes her as "the nicest teacher in the whole school."
Mr. Aldridge: The Computer Lab teacher. He has only appeared in a teacher rating comic strip drawn by Nate.
Mrs. Albert: The School Nurse
Mrs. Dunphy: The School Guidance Counselor
Mrs. Benbow: Lunch Lady
Mrs. Bigbee: Nates's first grade teacher who he nicknamed Mrs. Big Butt.

text: Pets[edit]

text:
Spitsy: The neighborhood dog owned by Mr. Eustis, who lives next door to Nate.  Nate likes to hang out with Spitsy. He is "the ultimate dog nerd", for he is afraid of mailmen and he had to go to the vet and get his stomach pumped after swallowing a tennis ball. He has a crush on Francis' cat Pickles, went to a cat tea party, and even knitted a sweater like his own bone once for a cat. He likes figure skating as much as Ellen, and gets his tongue stuck on metal poles in the winter frequently. He also gets bullied by squirrels, as shown in Big Nate On A Roll.
Ghengis:  Mrs. Godfrey's blonde puppy. Only appeared once when Francis and Nate were having an argument that every single dog likes Nate, until Ghengis nearly attacked him.
Pickles: Francis' cat. Pickles is an outdoor cat and usually hangs out on the driveway. She also has a crush on Spitsy, the neighborhood dog.
Ken Rosa's Dog: Owned by Mr. Rosa but not much is known about him since no one mentions him. He is seen at Mr. Rosa's house when Nate asks Rosa for ideas of a competition against Jefferson Middle School. He is a pug
Cinnamon: Cat who attacked Nate at the age of 4, which gave Nate ailurophobia, the fear of cats.
Poco: Trudy's cat.
Ollie:  Mrs. Godfrey's cat.

text: Other characters[edit]

text:
Chief Meteorologist Wink Summers: He is never seen or heard from, but Nate constantly calls him and complains whenever any part of the weather is not to his liking or if Wink's forecast is wrong. He was replaced by Chip Cavendish and transferred to weekend meteorologist in August 2011. His real name is Dick Schipp. Has a blog called chipcavendishruinedmycareer.blogspot.com. In 2013, it has been revealed that Wink Summers came back as the chief meteorologist.
Mr. Donald "Don" Eustis: Spitsy's owner, who is depicted as a heavy man and a bachelor, not to mention  the next-door neighbor of the Wrights. Nate has an autumn job raking leaves for Mr. Eustis. He also has a summer job mowing his lawn, and a winter job shoveling snow.
Peter: A six-year-old boy who Nate sometimes babysits and serves as a 'Book Buddy.' He speaks with a lateral lisp, has an above-average IQ and reads at a college level.  Nate tutors him by introducing him to Femme Fatality comics.
Gordie: Ellen's boyfriend. He shares Nate's love for the comic book Femme Fatality, and works at a nearby comic shop at the mall called Klassic Komix. He has a boss named Wayne, who communicates by mumbling.
Chief Meteorologist Chip Cavendish: The weatherman who replaced Wink Summers as chief meteorologist. He appeared on 03-05-2012 in a science class to talk to Nate and his classmates, where Nate accused him of ruining Wink Summers' career.
Wayne: Gordie's boss, at Klassic Komix, a comic shop at the mall. Wayne communicates by mumbling.

text: Minor characters[edit]

text:
Rusty Sienna: A character in the earlier years of Big Nate, host of Oil Painting with Rusty television show and Nate's inspiration to be an artist. A graduate of the Art Institute of P.O. Box 73, he is a parody of Bob Ross and his public television art show. Rusty Sienna returns in August 2, 2007, only to reveal that he died in May 7, 1996. Nate is devastated by the fact that his favorite artist had been "secretly dead" for eleven years. Only seen in Nate's comic May 25, 1991.
Cap'n Salty: A fisherman who enjoys talking like a pirate. He catches lobsters under the sea. Cap'n Salty is a character Lincoln Peirce created exclusively for the children's website Poptropica.com, where Big Nate Island is one of the features. However, the only mention of Cap'n Salty in the strip itself is the restaurant Cap'n Salty's by the beach.
Marla: The town mail deliverer.
Bradley: One of Nate's enemies. He challenged Nate to 'Gas Giant', and was apparently a video game master but his mom, who reveals his name, takes him home after he was playing Gas Giant and was almost beating Nate's top score.
Kenny Smithson: Ellen Wright's former boyfriend. Kenny's first appearance was in November 1991, and Ellen dumped him in June 1995. When Nate was around the mall with Francis, Nate said "I had hawk-vision eyes, and I saw Kenny Smithson with another girl!"
Carol: Carol was one of Ellen's friends.
Scoutmaster: Only appearance in Big Nate On a Roll. He announces the winners of the fundraisers and announces that the third prize goes to Josh Husky from Troop Seven. Then he announces that the two top prize winners (Nate and Artur) have a tie and to determine the winner, he flips a coin. The coin lands on heads (which Nate called) meaning that Artur won second prize and Nate won the first prize.

text: Enslave the Mollusk[edit]

text: Enslave the Mollusk (ETM) is a garage band featured in Big Nate. It features Nate as backing vocalist and drummer, with best friends Francis on electric guitar and Teddy on keyboard, as well as Artur as lead vocalist. Chad is the band's roadie. Enslave the Mollusk had a big role in Big Nate the Musical. They performed 3 times: twice during the In The Zone novel when P.S 38 was starting a fitness zone but the first time Artur wasn't there because he quit the band but eventually rejoined by there last performance, and also at one of the school dances. They tried to perform at another school dance but failed because of a power outage. Nate was originally lead singer as he formed the band but wasn't good enough. Artur sang "I fought the law" by the clash to the  band as a sort of audition and became singer instead.

text: Femme Fatality[edit]

text: Femme Fatality[4] is Nate's favorite super-hero comic. The images are never shown, but there were a few appearances of the eponymous character, as a life-size cardboard cut-out in a 2002 comic and as a cosplay actor visiting Klassic Komix in 2004. The character is highly suggestive, judging from the reaction of Nate and most of the other male characters. Some of the girls show exasperation over Nate's obsession with the comic, but Nate insists he only reads it for the stories. One of Nate's previous comic book crushes was Red Sonja.

text: P.S. 38[edit]

text: P.S. 38 is the school Nate and his friends attend and is where most of the comics are taken place. The school is over 100 years old and is very beaten up and dull but was renovated thanks to a painting found in the school painted by Granny Peppers worth a lot of money.

text: Jefferson Middle School[edit]

text: Jefferson Middle School is a middle school near P.S. 38 and is the school's sister institution. The middle school's kids are the rivals of PS.38's kids and beat them in almost everything. PS. 38 only beat Jefferson in the 'Snowdown'. Jefferson lost, even though they cheated by packing snow around the spare knight statue.

text: Jefferson students[edit]

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Nolan: Bully to Nate and his friends.
Dawn Michelle: Appeared in Big Nate Goes For Broke. She apparently has a posse of girls that follow her. She asks Nate if she can sign his cast. Nate allows her quickly because he thinks she is cute, but Dawn plays a dirty trick by writing "P.S.38 STINKS!" on his cast and teasing him with her friends. Nate describes her as turbo-cute.
Emma:  Member of Dawn Michelle's posse and it is likely that they are friends.

text: Nate's comic strip creations[edit]

text: Some earlier strips would show the weekly adventures of Nate's own comic strip creations, drawn on notebook paper in a more childlike drawing style. Few of these characters have appeared in more recent strips.Nate's characters include -

text:
Dr. Cesspool: an inept surgeon whose mistakes in the operating room tend to be either fatal or debilitating. He has an assistant named Maureen Biology, who also serves as Cesspool's love interest.
Chip Chipson and Biff Biffwell: Two inept TV reporters who sometimes appear in other strips interviewing the characters. Nate also has them interview characters like Santa Claus, Mother Nature, the Sandman and sometimes Mrs. Godfrey or his own father.
Ken Doolittle: A talent TV show host. Ellen is often drawn on his show failing at some activity or making a fool of herself.
Dan Cupid: A cupid who sometimes neglects or messes up his job to bring happy couples together.
Superdad: Nate's parody of his own father as 'The world's only balding superhero with a slight paunch,' who sometimes appears with Ellen as his 'dimwitted sidekick.' Superdad usually avoids fighting crime or facing danger, preferring to lie on the couch or delegate his job to 'Chore Boy' (Nate himself.)
The Snuggles Family: A parody of a saccharine, wholesome middle-class family, consisting of husband Bob, wife Honey, son Timmy, daughter Punkin and dog Fluffy. Haven't been seen since 2001.
Moe Mentum: A Hollywood stuntman stuck doing dangerous stunts in badly directed action or horror flicks.
Slim Stubby: A country-western singer struggling with being a second-rate celebrity, who is a possible parody of Slim Dusty.
The Pilgrims of Plymouth: These strips would appear the week of Thanksgiving. Instead of showing the traditional 'First Thanksgiving,' the strip would show the Pilgrims having a wild party, complete with dunk-tanks and bikini mud-wrestling. Haven't been seen since 2004
Leo Tard:  Dance Instructor for the totally hopeless. Series of strips mocking Nate's sister Ellen's dancing abilities.
Ultra-Nate: Nate's parody of himself, but a superhero with super strength, flying, and super suction.
Mega-Chad: Appears in Big Nate in the Zone and Big Nate Lives it Up as Ultra Nate's sidekick. This was never seen in a comic strip, and thus is not very well known.
Teddy-Titan: Appears in Big Nate Lives it Up as a usual sidekick.
Captain Frantastic: Another sidekick character whom appears in Big Nate Lives it Up.
Action Cat:  A comic about a cat getting run over by vehicles. There were a few Action Cat comics in 1993, but there haven't been any of them ever since, probably due to some complaints about those strips being too violent.
Luke Warm, private eye: Nate's comic strip about a detective he made up. Luke is very clumsy, and not very efficient. His comic first appeared on January 2, 2013 in "Big Nate: Flips Out". The comic was later destroyed, because When Nate was hypnotized he could not make it neat enough.
Everlovin Ellen: An early comic about Ellen's life as a soap opera.
Claude The Stupid Ideas Fairy: Nate’s comic character that appeared in multiple books encluding “Big Nate: In The Zone”. He is depicted as a small fairy that gives bad advice to others.

text: Bibliography[edit]

text: Collections[edit]

text: 32 print collections and novel books, and six activity books have been published. From the Top covered strips from August 28, 2006 to April 1, 2007; Out Loud ranged from April 2, 2007 to November 4; Big Nate and Friends covered strips about the titular character's many friends from 1997-2007; What Could Possibly Go Wrong? covered strips from November 5, 2007 to June 8, 2008; and Here Goes Nothing covered strips from June 9, 2008 to January 9, 2009. Big Nate Makes the Grade covered strips that are school-related. Big Nate: All Work and No Play covered strips that were all published in the Sunday comics from 1998-2000. Big Nate: Game On! covered strips that are about Nate playing sports (basketball, baseball, and soccer). Big Nate: Genius Mode covered strips from January 11, 2009 to August 9, 2009. Big Nate: I Can't Take It! covered strips that were all published in the Sunday comics from 2000-2004. Big Nate: Great Minds Think Alike covers Daily strips from 2002-2006 and only ten Sunday strips from 2008-2009. Big Nate: Greatest Hits covers every Big Nate strip published in 1997, including the strips from the three Big Nate eBooks. Big Nate: Mr. Popularity  covers strips from August 10, 2009 to March 7, 2010. Big Nate: The Crowd Goes Wild! covered strips from March 8, 2010 to October 9, 2010. Big Nate: Say Goodbye to Dork City covers strips from October 10, 2010 to May 14, 2011. Big Nate: Welcome to My World covers strips from May 15, 2011 to October 30, 2011. Big Nate: Thunka Thunka Thunka covers strips from October 31, 2011 to April 21, 2012. Big Nate: Revenge of the Cream Puffs covers strips from April 22 to October 13, 2012. Epic Big Nate, a 25th anniversary special for the series, not only containing cartoons throughout the 25-year history of the comic strip, but also an exclusive Q&A with Diary of a Wimpy Kid author Jeff Kinney, behind-the-scenes looks at Big Nate: the Musical and its world record largest comic strip, and excerpts of Lincoln Peirce's sketchbook from  childhood to the present day. Big Nate: What's a Little Noogie Between Friends? covers strips from October 14, 2012 to April 13, 2013. Big Nate: A Good Old Fashioned Wedgie  covers strips from April 21, 2013 to October 5, 2013, and the May 25, 2014 strip that the title and front cover is based on. Big Nate: Silent But Deadly covers strips from October 6, 2013, to March 29, 2014.

text:
Title

Publication date

ISBN

Publisher

Add More Babes!: Awesome Big Nate Comics

January 7, 1992

ISBN 0-88687-682-6

Topper Books

Big Nate: Dibs on this Chair

2001 (June 11, 2013 for new eBook edition)

TBA (new eBook edition)

Andrews McMeel Publishing (new eBook edition)

Big Nate: Pray for a Fire Drill

2001 (June 11, 2013 for new eBook edition)

TBA (new eBook edition)

Andrews McMeel Publishing (new eBook edition)

Big Nate: Makes a Splash

2001 (June 11, 2013 for new eBook edition)

TBA (new eBook edition)

Andrews McMeel Publishing (new eBook edition)

I Smell a Pop Quiz!: A Big Nate Book

June 7, 2008 (June 11, 2013 for new eBook edition)

ISBN 0-615-19719-1 (For original version, TBA for new eBook edition)

United Media (Andrews McMeel Publishing for new eBook edition)

Big Nate: From the Top

October 19, 2010

ISBN 978-1-4494-0232-7

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Out Loud[5]

April 26, 2011

ISBN 978-1-4494-0718-6

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate And Friends

December 6, 2011

ISBN 978-1-4494-2043-7

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: What Could Possibly Go Wrong?

May 8, 2012

ISBN 978-0-06-208694-5

HarperCollins

Big Nate: Here Goes Nothing

August 21, 2012

ISBN 978-0-06-208696-9

HarperCollins

Big Nate Makes the Grade

August 21, 2012

ISBN 978-1-4494-2566-1

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: All Work and No Play (A Collection of Big Nate Sundays)

October 23, 2012

ISBN 978-1-4494-2567-8

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Game On!

April 16, 2013

ISBN 978-1-4494-2777-1

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Genius Mode

May 7, 2013

ISBN 978-0-06-208698-3

HarperCollins

Big Nate: I Can't Take It!

October 15, 2013

ISBN 978-1-4494-2937-9

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Great Minds Think Alike

April 1, 2014

ISBN 978-1-4494-3635-3

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Mr. Popularity

May 6, 2014

ISBN 978-0-06-208700-3

HarperCollins

Big Nate: The Crowd Goes Wild

October 14, 2014

ISBN 978-1-4494-3634-6

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate's Greatest Hits

January 7, 2015

ISBN 978-1-4494-6489-9

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Say Good-Bye To Dork City

March 17, 2015

ISBN 978-1-4494-6225-3

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Welcome To My World

September 22, 2015

ISBN 978-1-4494-6226-0

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Thunka, Thunka, Thunka

March 1, 2016

ISBN 978-1-4494-6227-7

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Revenge of the Cream Puffs

September 6, 2016

ISBN 978-1-4494-6228-4

Andrews McMeel Publishing

The Epic Big Nate

October 25, 2016

ISBN 978-1-4494-7195-8

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: What's a Little Noogie Between Friends?

February 28, 2017

ISBN 978-1-4494-6229-1

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: A Good Old Fashioned Wedgie

August 29, 2017

ISBN 978-1-4494-6230-7

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate: Silent But Deadly

March 20, 2018

TBA

Andrews McMeel Publishing

Big Nate Goes Bananas

September 18, 2018

TBA

Andrews McMeel Publishing

text: Book series[edit]

text:
Big Nate: In a Class by Himself – March 23, 2010
Big Nate: Strikes Again – October 19, 2010
Big Nate: On a Roll – August 16, 2011
Big Nate: Goes for Broke – March 20, 2012
Big Nate: Flips Out – February 5, 2013
Big Nate: In the Zone – March 11, 2014
Big Nate: Lives It Up - March 10, 2015
Big Nate: Blasts Off - February 16, 2016

text: Activity books[edit]

text:
Big Nate Boredom Buster: Super Scribbles, Cool Comix, and Lots of Laughs (April 12, 2011)
Big Nate Fun Blaster: Cheezy Doodles, Crazy Comix and Loads of Laughs (July 10, 2012)
Big Nate Doodlepalooza: Scribble Games, Secret Codes, and Nonstop Laughs (July 9, 2013)
Big Nate Laugh-O-Rama: Daring Drawings, Maze Madness, and Tons of Fun (July 8, 2014)
Big Nate Super Scribbler: Cheezy Doodles, Crazy Comix, and Epic Laughs (July 7, 2015)
Big Nate Puzzlemania: Super Scribbles, Goofy Games, and Tons of Fun (May 17, 2016)

text: Musical[edit]

text: In May 2013 a stage musical adaptation of the comic strip debuted at the Adventure Theatre MTC in Maryland.[6] The production's story centers on Nate, who tries to enter his school's Battle of the Bands competition but must try to avoid getting any more detentions, as too many would disqualify his band from competing. Critical reception for the musical has been positive.[7][8]


document_title: Seat belt laws in the United States

question_text: when did wearing a seatbelt become a law in texas

root

text: Seat belt laws in the United States

text: Primary and secondary enforcement[edit]

text: U.S. seatbelt laws may be subject to primary enforcement or secondary enforcement. Primary enforcement allows a police officer to stop and ticket a driver if he or she observes a violation. Secondary enforcement means that a police officer may only stop or cite a driver for a seatbelt violation if the driver committed another primary violation (such as speeding, running a stop sign, etc.) at the same time. New Hampshire is the only U.S. state that does not by law require adult drivers to wear safety belts while operating a motor vehicle.

tag: p

text: In 15 of the 50 states, the seat belt law is considered a secondary offense, which means that a police officer cannot stop and ticket a driver for the sole offense of not wearing a seatbelt. (One exception to this is Colorado, where children not properly restrained is a primary offense and brings a much larger fine.) If a driver commits a primary violation (e.g., for speeding) he may additionally be charged for not wearing a seatbelt. In most states the seat belt law was originally a secondary offense; in many it was later changed to a primary offense: California was the first state to do this, in 1993. Of the 30 with primary seat belt laws, all but 8, Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, and Texas, originally had only secondary enforcement laws.

text: Laws by state[edit]

text: This table contains a brief summary of all seatbelt laws in the United States.[3][4] This list includes only seatbelt laws, which often do not themselves apply to children; however, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have separate child restraint laws. Keep in mind these fines are the base fines only. In many cases considerable extra fees such as the head injury fund and court security fees can mark up the fine to almost five times as much in some cases. These are also "first offense" fines; a subsequent offense may be much higher.

text:
State
Type of law
Date of first law
Who is covered
Base fine before fees
Seat Belt Usage[5]

 Alabama
Primary Enforcement
July 18, 1991
Age 15+ in front seats
$25
91.4%

 Alaska
Primary Enforcement
September 12, 1990
Age 16+ in all seats
$15 ($25 actual)
86.8%

 Arizona
Secondary Enforcement
January 1, 1991
Age 8+ in front seats; Age 8–15 in all seats
$10 ($37.20 actual)
81.8%

 Arkansas
Primary Enforcement
July 15, 1991
Age 15+ in front seats
$25
78.3%

 California
Primary Enforcement
January 1, 1986
Age 16+ in all seats
$20 ($162 actual) $50 second offense ($190 actual)5
96.2%

 Colorado
Secondary Enforcement1 exception Mountain View where it is a primary violation[6]
July 1, 1987
Age 16+ in front seats
$71
82.9%

 Connecticut
Primary Enforcement
January 1, 1986
Age 7+ in front seats
$92
88.2%

 Delaware
Primary Enforcement
January 1, 1992
Age 16+ in all seats
$25
90.7%

 District of Columbia
Primary Enforcement
December 12, 1985
Age 16+ in all seats
$504
92.3%

 Florida
Primary Enforcement
July 1, 1986
6+ years in front seat; 6 through 17 years in all seats
$30 ($116 actual)
87.4%

 Georgia
Primary Enforcement
September 1, 1988
Age 8–17 in all seats; Age 18+ in front seats
$15
89.6%

 Hawaii
Primary Enforcement
December 16, 1985
Age 8+ in all seats
$45 ($112 actual)
97.6%

 Idaho
Secondary Enforcement2
July 1, 1986
Age 7+ in all seats
$10 ($51.50 actual)
77.9%

 Illinois
Primary Enforcement
January 1, 1988
Age 16+ in all seats
$25 ($60 actual or $95 if choosing traffic school)
92.6%

 Indiana
Primary Enforcement
July 1, 1987
Age 16+ in all seats
$25
92.4%

 Iowa
Primary Enforcement
July 1, 1986
All ages in front seats; under 18 in rear seats[7]
$25 ($127.50 actual)
93.1%

 Kansas
Primary Enforcement3
July 1, 1986
Age 14+ in all seats
$60 for age 14-17; $10 for 18+
81.8%

 Kentucky
Primary Enforcement
July 15, 1994
Age 7 and younger and more than 57 inches in all seats; 8+ in all seats
$25
80.3%

 Louisiana
Primary Enforcement
July 1, 1986
Age 13+ in front seats
$25
75.9%

 Maine
Primary Enforcement
December 26, 1995
Age 18+ in all seats
$50
82.0%

 Maryland
Primary Enforcement3
July 1, 1986
Age 16+ in all seats
$83
94.7%

 Massachusetts
Secondary Enforcement
February 1, 1994
Age 13+ in all seats[8]
$25
73.7%

 Michigan
Primary Enforcement
July 1, 1985
Age 16+ in front seats
$25 ($65 actual)
95.2%

 Minnesota
Primary Enforcement
August 1, 1986
7 and younger and more than 57 inches in all seats; 8+ in all seats
$25 + $75 fee
92.3%

 Mississippi
Primary Enforcement
July 1, 1994
Age 7+ in all seats
$25
81.0%

 Missouri
Secondary Enforcement1
September 28, 1985
Age 16+ in front seats; age 8-15 in all seats
$10 for age 16+; $50 for age 8-15
76.0%

 Montana
Secondary Enforcement
October 1, 1987
Age 6+ in all seats
$20
78.9%

 Nebraska
Secondary Enforcement
January 1, 1993
Age 18+ in front seats
$25
84.1%

 Nevada
Secondary Enforcement
July 1, 1987
Age 6+ in all seats
$25
93.2%

 New Hampshire
None, Primary for children only
No law
Age 17 and under in all seats
$50
72.2%

 New Jersey
Primary Enforcement3
March 1, 1985
Age 8+ in all seats
$46 per person
93.7%

 New Mexico
Primary Enforcement
January 1, 1986
Age 18+ in all seats
$254
89.8%

 New York
Primary Enforcement
December 1, 1984
Age 16+ in front seats; under 16 in all seats
$50 ($135 Actual after surcharges)[9]
89.8%

 North Carolina
Primary Enforcement, Secondary for Backseat[10]
October 1, 1985
All ages in all seats
$161 for front seat; $10 for rear seat
89.7%

 North Dakota
Secondary Enforcement2
July 14, 1994
Age 18+ in front seats;
under 18 in all seats

$20 for age 18+; $25 + 1 point on license for under 184
74.8%

 Ohio
Secondary Enforcement
May 6, 1986
Age 15+ in front seat; 8–14 in all seats
$30 for driver; $20 for passenger
83.8%

 Oklahoma
Primary Enforcement
February 1, 1987
Age 13+ in front seats
$20
85.9%

 Oregon
Primary Enforcement
December 7, 1990
All ages in all seats
$130
97.0%

 Pennsylvania
Secondary Enforcement2
November 23, 1987
Age 18+ in front seats; age 8-17 in all seats
$10
86.0%

 Rhode Island
Primary Enforcement
June 18, 1991
Age 8+ in all seats
$75
78.0%

 South Carolina
Primary Enforcement
July 1, 1989
Age 6+ in all seats
$25
85.4%

 South Dakota
Secondary Enforcement
January 1, 1995
Age 18+ in front seats
$25
74.5%

 Tennessee
Primary Enforcement
April 21, 1986
Age 16+ in front seats
$25
87.1%

 Texas
Primary Enforcement
September 1, 1985
Age 7 years and younger and 57 inches or taller in all seats; age 8+ years in all seats
$200 if under 17 (driver); $50 if over 15 (driver or passenger)
93.8%

 Utah
Primary Enforcement
April 28, 1986
All ages in all seats
$45
89.0%

 Vermont
Secondary Enforcement2
January 1, 1994
All ages in all seats
$25
85.2%

 Virginia
Secondary Enforcement2
January 1, 1988
All drivers; age 18+ in front seats; under 18 in all seats
$25
80.5%

 Washington
Primary Enforcement
June 11, 1986
Age 8+ in all seats
$124
97.6%

 West Virginia
Primary Enforcement
September 1, 1993
All ages in front seats; 8–17 in rear seats
$25
82.1%

 Wisconsin
Primary Enforcement
December 1, 1987
Age 8+ in all seats
$10
79.2%

 Wyoming
Secondary Enforcement
June 8, 1989
Age 9+ in all seats
$25 for driver; $10 for passenger
78.9%

tag: table

text: 1 Colorado and Missouri's law is Secondary for adults but Primary for under the age of 16.

text: 2 Idaho, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Vermont and Virginia's law is Secondary for adults but Primary for under 18.

text:
3 Kansas, Maryland, and New Jersey, law is Secondary Enforcement for rear seat occupants (18+ in Kansas).
4 These states assess points on one's driving record for the seat belt violation.
5 In California- An additional penalty of $24 shall be levied upon every $10 or fraction thereof, of every fine, penalty, or forfeiture imposed by and collected by the court for criminal offenses, including all traffic offenses, except parking offenses as defined in subdivision (i) of Penal Code § 1463. The additional penalty is calculated as follows:

text: • State penalty required by PC 1464 $10,

text: • County penalty required by GC 76000(e), $ 7 • Court facilities construction penalty required by GC 70372(a),$ 3 • DNA Identification Fund penalty required by GC 76104.6 and 76104.7,$ 2

text: Penal Code § 1465.8 requires imposition of an additional fee of twenty dollars ($20) for court security on every conviction for a criminal offense, including a traffic offense, except parking offenses as defined in Penal Code § 1463,$20

text: Damages reduction[edit]

text: A person involved in a car accident who was not using a seatbelt may be liable for damages far greater than if they had been using a seatbelt. However, when in court, most states protect motorists from having their damages reduced in a lawsuit due to the nonuse of a seatbelt, even if they were acting in violation of the law by not wearing the seatbelt. Currently, damages may be reduced for the nonuse of a seatbelt in 16 states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida (See F.S.A. 316.614(10)), Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.[11]

text: Effectiveness[edit]

text: Seat belt laws are effective in reducing car crash deaths.[12] One study found that mandatory-seatbelt laws reduced traffic fatalities by 8% and serious traffic-related injuries by 9%, respectively.[13] Primary-seatbelt laws seem to be more effective at reducing crash deaths than secondary laws.[14][15]


document_title: The Bachelor (U.S. TV series)

question_text: who won the last series of the bachelor

question_tokens: who won the last series of the bachelor

text: The Bachelor (U.S. TV series)

text: Production[edit]

text: It is created and produced by Mike Fleiss and directed by Ken Fuchs. The After The Final Rose and other reunion specials are produced at Victory Studios in Glendale, California.[1]

text: Plot[edit]

text: The series revolves around a single former bachelor (deemed eligible) who starts with a pool of romantic interests (typically 25) from whom the bachelor is expected to select a wife. During the course of the season, the bachelor eliminates candidates (see The elimination process), with the bachelor typically proposing marriage to his final selection. The participants travel to romantic and exotic locations for their adventures, and the conflicts in the series, both internal and external, stem from the elimination-style format of the show.

text: The above description is a general guideline. In practice, the show does not always follow its designed structure, and those variations are often a source of drama and conflict.

text:
A candidate who was eliminated returns to the show to plead her case to the bachelor.
A bachelor distributes more roses or fewer roses than planned.
A bachelor eliminates a woman outside of the normal elimination process. For example, the bachelor may eliminate both women in a two-on-one date.
The bachelor chooses to pursue a relationship with his final selection rather than propose marriage.

tag: ul

text: Season six was the first and only season to feature a twist in casting. Since producers could not decide between Byron Velvick and Jay Overbye as the next Bachelor, the 25 women at the time participating had to decide which bachelor would make the best husband. In the end of first episode, Velvick was chosen.

text: Three notable cases where the bachelor violated the premise of the show are Brad Womack, who selected neither of his final two women on his first season; Jason Mesnick, who in the After the Final Rose episode broke off his engagement and several months later proposed (off-screen) to the first runner-up (the two are now married); and Arie Luyendyk Jr., who also broke off his engagement and during the After the Final Rose episode proposed to the first runner-up.

text: Setting[edit]

text: For the first two weeks of filming, the contestants stay in "Villa De La Vina," a 7,590-square-foot (705 m2), six-bedroom, nine-bath home in Agoura Hills, California.[2] The custom home, built in 2005, is located on 10 acres at 2351 Kanan Road. As of October 10, 2008, the home was listed for sale at a price of US$8.75 million.[3] The final third of the episodes within a season are filmed traveling the world. Episodes have been filmed throughout the United States, Canada, England, New Zealand, Vietnam, Thailand, and Korea to name just a few. The Agoura Hills, California mansion became the primary residence for the contestants since the tenth season though it was not used in seasons eight and nine, where they mainly shot in Paris and Rome, respectively.[4]

text: The elimination process[edit]

text: On each Bachelor episode, the bachelor interacts with the women and presents a rose to each woman he wishes to remain on the show. Those who do not receive a rose are eliminated. Eliminations are based upon the bachelor's personal feelings about each contestant, guided primarily by the impression made by each woman during dates or other events of the week. Most roses are presented at a rose ceremony at the end of each episode, but roses can also be bestowed on dates. Typical activities include:

text:
A group date, in which the bachelor and a group of women participate in an activity. Sometimes the activity takes the form of a competition, the winner or winners spending more time with the bachelor. The bachelor typically presents a rose to the woman who makes the best impression during the group date.
A one-on-one date, in which the bachelor and one woman go on a date. Except in the late stages of the season, there is a rose at stake: At the end of the date, the bachelor must decide whether to present the woman a rose. If the woman does not receive a rose, she is eliminated immediately.
A two-on-one date, in which the bachelor and two women go on a date. At the end of the date, the bachelor must decide which woman receives a rose. The woman who does not receive a rose is eliminated immediately.

text: If a rose is at stake on a date, the participating women pack their suitcases in case they fail to receive a rose. The other women learn that a woman has been eliminated when that woman's suitcase is taken away by a crew member.

text:
Except in the late stages of the season, the episode concludes with a cocktail party, to which the bachelor and all women not yet eliminated are invited. At the first cocktail party of the season, the bachelor presents a "first impression rose"; roses are typically not presented at any other cocktail parties.
Every episode concludes with a rose ceremony which has its own conventions.

The women who have not been eliminated stand in rows at one end of the room, and the bachelor faces them. The bachelor has a tray with roses.
The bachelor takes a rose and calls a woman by name. The woman steps forward, and the bachelor asks, "Will you accept this rose?" The woman accepts, takes the rose, and returns to her original position.
When there is one rose remaining, host Chris Harrison says, "Ladies, this is the final rose tonight," then tells the bachelor, "When you're ready."
After all roses are distributed, host Chris Harrison tells the number of women who did not receive a rose to "Ladies, take a moment and say your good-byes."

text: The final episodes of each season traditionally follow this pattern:

text:
The bachelor visits the home towns and families of each of the four remaining women. At the rose ceremony, one woman is eliminated, leaving three.
The bachelor and the three remaining women travel to an exotic location for a series of one-on-one dates. At the conclusion of each date, the bachelor offers the woman the keys to the fantasy suite which allows the two to spend the night together without cameras present. At the rose ceremony, one woman is eliminated, leaving two.
In a "The Women Tell All" episode, the women who had been eliminated from the show participate in a talk show where they discuss their thoughts and experiences.
The two remaining women separately meet with the bachelor's family. Earlier seasons that they travel to the bachelor's hometown to meet with his family, this has been discontinued since the conclusion of season twelve, the exception is season nineteen. At the end of the episode, the bachelor proposes to one of the women by presenting the "final rose".
In an "After the Final Rose" episode which immediately follows, the bachelor, the finalist, and the runner-up participate in a talk show. The identity of the next season's bachelor or bachelorette is often announced at the end of the episode.

text: A woman may withdraw from the competition at any time if she finds herself no longer interested in the bachelor. On rare occasions, a woman is removed from the show for breaking one of the rules.

text: The bachelor has wide discretion in choosing how many and when to present the roses. For example, Sean Lowe presented several roses at his initial cocktail party.

text: It is common to accuse a contestant of not being on the show "for the right reasons", meaning that her aim is not to establish a relationship with the bachelor, but rather to garner publicity for her own career, induce jealousy in an ex-boyfriend, become selected as the next Bachelorette, or simply to get a free trip to exotic locations.

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
#
Original run
Bachelor
Number of contestants
Winner
Runner(s)-up
Proposal
Still together
Relationship notes

1
March 25–April 25, 2002
Alex Michel
25
Amanda Marsh
Trista Rehn
No
No
Michel did not propose to Marsh, but instead they entered into a relationship. Marsh and Michel broke up after several months. Marsh is now married to her childhood friend, Jay Caldwell, and they have a daughter named Chloe.[5][6]

2
September 25–November 20, 2002
Aaron Buerge
Helene Eksterowicz
Brooke Smith
Yes
No
Buerge and Eksterowicz broke up after several weeks.[7] Buerge became engaged to Angye McIntosh and married in 2009.[8] They have a daughter named Aven.[9] In 2013, Eksterowicz married senior technology consultant Andrew Goodman and they have one child together.[10][11][12]

3
March 24–May 21, 2003
Andrew Firestone
Jen Schefft
Kirsten Buschbacher
Yes
No
Schefft and Firestone broke up after several months but remained friends.[13] He is now married to actress Ivana Bozilović and they have three children together: sons Adam and Shane and daughter Anja.[14][15][16][17]

4
September 24–November 20, 2003
Bob Guiney
Estella Gardinier
Kelly Jo Kuharski
No
No
Guiney did not propose to Gardinier but she accepted a promise ring indicating that they would still date. They broke up shortly after the show aired.[18] Guiney later married soap opera star Rebecca Budig, but they split after five years of marriage.[19] Guiney has been married to Jessica Canyon since November 2016.[20]

5
April 7–May 26, 2004
 Jesse Palmer
Jessica Bowlin
Tara Huckeby[21]
No
No
Palmer did not propose to Bowlin. They continued to date but broke up several weeks later.[22] Bowlin is now married to Omar Rawi and they have two children together.[12]

6
September 22–November 24, 2004
Byron Velvick
27
 Mary Delgado
Tanya Michel
Yes
No
Velvick and Jay Overbye started as two candidate bachelors. The women competing had to vote on which man they would like to be the bachelor. Velvick ended up winning the vote. Velvick and Delgado split after five years.[23] Velvick is now married to Belinda Juarez, while Delgado is now married to James Kordomenos.[12]

7
March 28–May 16, 2005
Charlie O'Connell
25
Sarah Bryce
Krisily Kennedy
No
No
O'Connell chose Bryce to be the winner but did not propose to her and instead began a relationship. They broke up in September 2007,[24] but got back together in 2008.[25] However, they called it quits again in 2010.[26] Bryce is now married to Brandt Calver and they have three children together.[12][27] O'Connell married Playboy Playmate Anna Sophia Berglund in May 2018.[28]

8
January 9–February 27, 2006
Travis Lane Stork
Sarah Stone
Moana Dixon
No
No
Stork did not propose to Stone. Instead, they began a relationship. They broke up shortly after the show aired.[29] Stork is now featured on The Doctors and was married to pediatrician Charlotte Brown, but they divorced after three years of marriage.[30][31] Stone is now married to Brock Smith and they have three daughters together.[12][32]

9
October 2–November 27, 2006
 Lorenzo Borghese
27
Jennifer Wilson
Sadie Murray
No
No
Borghese did not propose to Wilson. They entered into a relationship, and broke up in January 2007. He immediately dated Murray, the runner-up, and broke up in March of that same year.[33][34] Wilson is now married to Lee Gerschultz.[12]

10
April 2–May 22, 2007
Andrew Baldwin
25
Tessa Horst
Bevin Nicole Powers
Yes
No
Horst and Baldwin called off their engagement one month after the finale,[35] but continued their relationship. They broke off the relationship in September 2007. Horst is now married to Tom Pickard and they have a son together.[12]

11
September 24–November 20, 2007
Brad Womack
None
DeAnna Pappas &
Jenni Croft
No
No
Womack chose Croft and Pappas as the two finalists, but they were both rejected in the season's finale.[36]

12
March 17–May 12, 2008
 Matt Grant
Shayne Lamas
Chelsea Wanstrath
Yes
No
Grant and Lamas broke up in July 2008 as they felt their lives were going in different directions, but stated they would remain close friends.[37] Lamas is now married to Internet personality Nik Richie and they have two children together, a boy and a girl. Grant is now married to Rebecca Moring.[12][38]

13
January 5–March 3, 2009
Jason Mesnick
Melissa Rycroft
Molly Malaney
Yes
No[a]
On the season's finale, Mesnick had called off the engagement with Rycroft, and resumed a relationship with runner-up Malaney. Rycroft is now married to Tye Strickland, and they have three children together, daughter Ava and sons Beckett and Cayson.[39][40][41] Mesnick would later propose to Malaney in New Zealand, which she accepted and were married on February 27, 2010, in California.[42] Mesnick and Malaney's wedding aired on national television on March 8, 2010.[43] The couple welcomed their first child, Riley, in March 2013.[44]

14
January 4–March 1, 2010
Jake Pavelka
Vienna Girardi
Tenley Molzahn
Yes
No
Pavelka and Girardi ended their relationship in June 2010.[45] They later appeared in the second season of Bachelor Pad.[46]

15
January 3–March 14, 2011
Brad Womack[47]
30
Emily Maynard
Chantal O'Brien
Yes
No
Womack and Maynard broke up while their season was airing, but got back together after the show's finale. However, they called it quits for good in May 2011 but remained friends.[48]

16
January 2–March 12, 2012
Ben Flajnik[49]
25
Courtney Robertson
Lindzi Cox
Yes
No
Flajnik and Robertson originally broke up in February 2012 while their season was airing. However, they were later reconciled and got engaged for the second time, but broke up again in October 2012 for good.[50]

17
January 7–March 11, 2013[51]
Sean Lowe[52]
26
Catherine Giudici
Lindsay Yenter
Yes
Yes
Lowe and Giudici married on January 26, 2014.[53] They have two children together, Samuel (born 2016)[54] and Isaiah (born 2018).[55]

18
January 6–March 10, 2014
 Juan Pablo Galavis[56]
27
Nikki Ferrell
Clare Crawley
No
No
Galavis did not propose to Ferrell, but instead they decided to continue their relationship. They later appeared on Couples Therapy. In October 2014, they decided to end their relationship after months of fighting.[57] Ferrell married longtime friend Tyler Vanloo on October 8, 2016.[58] Galavis married former Miss Earth Venezuela Osmariel Villalobos in August 2017.[59]

19
January 5–March 9, 2015
Chris Soules[60]
30
Whitney Bischoff
Becca Tilley
Yes
No
Though the season ended with Soules proposing to Bischoff, the couple announced that they had called off the engagement on May 28, 2015.[61] Bischoff is now married to fellow Chicagoan resident Ricky Angel.[62]

20
January 4–March 14, 2016[63]
Ben Higgins[64]
28
Lauren Bushnell
Joelle "JoJo" Fletcher
Yes
No
Higgins and Bushnell had their own reality show Ben and Lauren: Happily Ever After?. They also hosted a Disney wedding show special. The two announced their breakup on May 15, 2017.[65]

21
January 2–March 13, 2017[66]
Nick Viall[67]
30
 Vanessa Grimaldi
Raven Gates
Yes
No
Viall and Grimaldi announced their breakup on August 25, 2017.[68]

22
January 1–March 6, 2018
Arie Luyendyk Jr.[69]
29
Becca Kufrin
Lauren Burnham
Yes
No[b]
On the live season finale, it was revealed that a few weeks after filming wrapped, Luyendyk had called off his engagement to Kufrin. He subsequently decided to give another chance on his relationship with runner-up Burnham. The two are engaged during the After the Final Rose special and announced they will be married on January 12, 2019.[70][71][72]

text:
Jump up ^ Mesnick and Rycroft were no longer together after the show. He married the runner-up, Molly Malaney, and they are still together.
Jump up ^ Luyendyk and Kufrin were no longer together after the show. He got engaged to the runner-up, Lauren Burnham, and they are still together.

tag: ol

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Premiered
Ended
TV season
Avg. Viewers
(in millions)
Rank
(viewership)

Date
Premiere
viewers
(in millions)
Date
Finale
viewers
(in millions)
After the Final Rose
viewers
(in millions)

1
Monday 9:00 pm
March 25, 2002

April 25, 2002

2001–02
10.7[73]
44[73]

2
Wednesday 9:00 pm
September 25, 2002

November 20, 2002

2002–03
13.93[i][74]
20[74]

3
March 24, 2003

May 21, 2003

4
September 24, 2003

November 20, 2003

2003–04
12.53[i][75]
23[75]

5
April 7, 2004

May 26, 2004

6
September 22, 2004

November 24, 2004

2004–05
8.53[i][76]
62[76]

7
Monday 9:00 pm
March 28, 2005

May 16, 2005

8
Monday 10:00 pm[ii]
January 9, 2006

February 27, 2006

2005–06
9.3[77]
53[77]

9
Monday 9:00 pm
October 2, 2006

November 27, 2006

2006–07
8.5[78]
61[78]

10
Monday 9:30 pm[iii]
April 2, 2007

May 22, 2007

10.3[78]
41[78]

11
Monday 10:00 pm[iv]
September 24, 2007
9.57
November 20, 2007
11.61

2007–08
9.72[79]
49[79]

12
Monday 10:00 pm[v]
March 17, 2008

May 12, 2008

7.90[79]
80[79]

13
Monday 8:00 pm
January 5, 2009
8.74
March 3, 2009
15.48
17.47
2008–09
11.53[80]
24[80]

14
January 4, 2010
9.50
March 1, 2010
15.15
13.91
2009–10
12.22[81]
23[81]

15
January 3, 2011
9.04
March 14, 2011
13.88
13.96
2010–11
10.79[82]
35[82]

16
January 2, 2012
7.78[83]
March 12, 2012
9.23[83]
9.87[83]
2011–12
8.85[84]
49[84]

17
January 7, 2013
6.92[85]
March 11, 2013
10.42[85]
10.81[85]
2012–13
9.48[86]
41[86]

18
January 6, 2014
8.65[87]
March 10, 2014
10.10[87]
10.97[87]
2013–14
9.59[88]
32[88]

19
January 5, 2015
7.76[89]
March 9, 2015
9.68[89]
9.68[89]
2014–15
9.68[90]
46[90]

20
January 4, 2016
7.55[91]
March 16, 2016
9.58[91]
9.24[91]
2015–16
9.53[92]
41[92]

21
January 2, 2017
6.62[93]
March 13, 2017
8.40[93]
7.85[93]
2016–17
9.00[94]
33[94]

22
January 1, 2018
5.48[95]
March 6, 2018
7.94[95]
7.77[95][vi]
2017–18

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c Between the 2002 to 2005 TV season rankings, the two seasons are listed together in the final rankings together in The Bachelor.
Jump up ^ Three episodes aired on February 6, 13 and 27, with the first airing at the earlier time of 9:00 pm and the second at the regular time.
Jump up ^ Two episodes had seventy-five minute airings started at 9:45 pm between April 2 and April 30 due to overtime the live show of Dancing with the Stars.
Jump up ^ Two episodes had ninety-minute airings between September 24 and October 8, with the first one-third of airing at the earlier time at 9:30 pm and the second one-thirds aired in the regular time.
Jump up ^ Two episodes had irregular time airings (late as after 9:30 pm) between March 17 and March 31. The second one-thirds aired in the regular time.
Jump up ^ This episode aired for 120 minutes the next day. All previous years' After the Final Rose special aired for 60 minutes immediately after the finale.

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: The show's success has led producer Mike Fleiss to create multiple spin-offs, including The Bachelorette, in which the format is gender-reversed. The bachelorettes are eliminated contestants from The Bachelor. Season 11 of The Bachelorette had two bachelorettes (but only for the first episode).

text: On August 9, 2010, Bachelor Pad premiered, giving previous contestants of both The Bachelor and The Bachelorette the opportunity to compete in dating-themed eliminations for $250,000.

text: On August 4, 2014, Bachelor in Paradise premiered, giving previous contestants of both The Bachelor and The Bachelorette the opportunity to compete for another chance in love in dating-themed eliminations. The series went on to have a spin-off of its own, Bachelor in Paradise: After Paradise, which also serves as a spin-off to The Bachelor and it premiered on August 3, 2015.[96]

text: The fourth season of Bachelor in Paradise called into question the future of its production following an issue of possible misconduct on the set. The fourth season premiered on August 8, 2017. Two contestants, Corinne Olympios and DeMario Jackson were involved in an explicit sexual encounter in the pool during the filming of the show and were caught on tape. A producer onset administered a complaint which stated either one or both contestants may have been too drunk to give proper consent for the sexual encounter. This prompted Warner Bros. to start an internal investigation and both contestants to seek legal counsel. Production of the show was halted on June 11, 2017 and all contestants were asked to go home until further notice. Allegations were made against both contestants about their intoxication and actions thereafter, but ended with broadcast statements from both contestants during a talk show that it was all a misunderstanding and the two have remained friends since the incident. The show was given the green light to resume filming on June 21, 2017, neither Olympios nor Jackson returned to production.[97]

text: The weddings of Trista Rehn (the 1st Bachelorette), Jason Mesnick (13th Bachelor), Ashley Hebert (the 7th Bachelorette), and Sean Lowe (the 17th Bachelor) were broadcast as television specials. Rehn's vow-renewal ceremony upon her 10-year anniversary was also broadcast. Bachelor in Paradise season 2 couple, Jade Roper and Tanner Tolbert's wedding was also broadcast as television special in February 2016.

text: On January 4, 2016, Bachelor Live, a one-hour after show talk show premiered, hosted by Chris Harrison.[98]

text: First airing in October 2016, Ben and Lauren: Happily Ever After? showcased the relationship of Ben Higgins and Lauren Bushnell following season 20 of The Bachelor on their plans for marriage and Bushnell's new life in Denver. But then, the couple eventually parted ways in May 15, 2017.[99]

text: On March 20, 2017, The Twins: Happily Ever After premiered. The series stars Haley and Emily Ferguson from season 20 of The Bachelor and showcases them "saying goodbye to the comfort and luxuries of living under their mom's roof and beginning the hilarious journey of figuring out life on their own while searching for independence and a new career."[100]

text: The Bachelor Winter Games premiered on February 13, 2018. The show follows a similar premise to that of Bachelor in Paradise with a few twists. One stand out twist is that the cast is made up of international contestants from The Bachelor Franchise. All contestants participate in various winter sports in order to win a date card.[101] Ashley Iaconetti (American) and Kevin Wendt (Canadian) were the winning couple of the first season, after competing in an ice skating dance routine against three other couples.[102]

text: Questions of authenticity[edit]

text: On February 26, 2009, in an exclusive interview between The Bachelor season 13 contestant Megan Parris, and Steve Carbone, Megan commented that the producers edit the footage to create a fictional storyline. "I don't think [the producers] showed any real conversation I had with anyone... The viewers fail to realize that editing is what makes the show... You'll hear someone make one comment and then they'll show a clip of somebody's face to make it look like that is their facial reaction to that statement, but really, somebody made that face the day before to something else. It's just piecing things together to make a story."[103]

text: On March 26, 2009, Megan Parris argued that not only was the show scripted, but that producers bullied contestants into saying things to the camera that contestants did not want to say.[104] "There's nothing real about it," she said of the show's trademark "confessionals," in which contestants talk to the camera about the latest goings-on. "It is scripted," she said. "They basically will call you names, berate you, curse at you until they get you to say what they want you to say." Both ABC and Warner Bros., the studio that produces The Bachelor, had no comment.[105]

text: On March 15, 2010, Mike Fleiss appeared on 20/20 and said that he develops contestants into characters that will cater to his audience's tastes and that they "need [their] fair share of villains every season."[106] Fleiss has come under fire for admitting that The Bachelor has less to do with reality than it does making good television.[107]

text: On February 24, 2012, during the taping of The Women Tell All episode of The Bachelor, a private conversation between contestant Courtney Robertson and a show producer went public when microphones were accidentally left on in between camera takes. The conversation revealed the producer's role as a coach encouraging Robertson to fake certain emotions for the camera.[108]

text: The audience reactions for The Women Tell All episode are pre-recorded and inserted into the show later.[109]

text: Lawsuits[edit]

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2018)

text: In December 2011, a producer of The Bachelor sued Steve Carbone, a Bronx-born, California-raised Internet enthusiast from Frisco, Texas and proprietor of the website RealitySteve.com, for leaking unreleased information about the show, claiming Carbone encouraged contestants of both The Bachelor and The Bachelorette to break their confidentiality agreements. Carbone has denied that the source of the leaks are current contestants.[110][111] Despite being settled, there were two further lawsuits against Carbone in 2012 and in 2017, respectively.[citation needed]

text: International versions[edit]

text:
Country
Name
Host
Network
Date premiered

 Australia
The Bachelor Australia
Osher Günsberg[112]
Network Ten
September 8, 2013

 Brazil
The Bachelor
Fábio Arruda
RedeTV!
November 21, 2014

 Canada[113]
The Bachelor Canada
Tyler Harcott
City
October 3, 2012

 China[114]
黄金单身汉
The Bachelor
Qiu Qiming
Mango TV
(Internet channel)
October 1, 2016

 France
Bachelor, le gentleman célibataire
Stéphane Rotenberg (2003–2005)
Grégory Ascher (2013–2016)
Matthieu Delormeau (2017–present)
M6 (2003–05)
NT1 (2013–16)
C8 (2017–present)
May 7, 2003

 Finland
Suomen unelmien poikamies
Sami Kuronen
Nelonen
February 2008

 Germany[115]
Der Bachelor
Arne Jessen
none
RTL
November 19, 2003
January 4, 2011

 Greece
The Bachelor

ANT1
October 2018

 India, State of Tamil Nadu
எங்க வீட்டு மாப்பிள்ளை
Enga Veetu Mapillai
Sangeetha Krish
Colors Tamil
February 20, 2018

 India, State of Kerala
Aryakku Parinayam
Sangeetha Krish
Flowers TV
February 26, 2018

 Indonesia
The Bachelor Indonesia
Arie Untung
RCTI
2018

 Israel
הרווק
Haravak
Guy Geyor
Channel 10
2009

 Italy
The Bachelor - L'uomo dei sogni
Cristina Parodi
Canale 5
June 26, 2003

 Japan
バチェラー・ジャパン
The Bachelor Japan
Kouji Imada 今田耕司
Amazon Prime TV Video
2017

 New Zealand
The Bachelor New Zealand
Mike Puru
TV3
March 17, 2015

 Norway
Ungkaren
Christopher Dons
TVNorge
2003

 Poland
Kawaler do wzięcia
Krzysztof Banaszyk
TVN
October 8, 2003

 Romania[116]
Burlacul
Lucian Marinescu (1)
Cătălin Botezatu (2-4)
Andreea Mantea (5-)
Antena 1
June 8, 2010

 Russia[117]
Холостяк
Holostyak
Petr Fadeev
TNT
March 10, 2013

  Switzerland[118]
Der Bachelor

3+
October 30, 2013

 Slovenia[119]
Sanjski moški

POP TV
September 2004

 United Kingdom[120]
The Bachelor
Jeremy Milnes
Hugo Speer
BBC Three
Channel 5
March 30, 2003
August 19, 2011

 Thailand[121]
The Bachelor Thailand ศึกรัก...สละโสด
The Bachelor Thailand (Bachelor...Battle of Love)
Natpawin Kulkanlayadee
ONE
August 27, 2016

 Ukraine
Холостяк
Holostyak
Hryhoriy Reshetnyk
STB
March 17, 2011

 Vietnam
The Bachelor Vietnam - Anh chàng độc thân
TBA
TBA
2017

text: Note: Reruns of the original American version is also broadcast in Australia at Nine Network.

text: Parodies[edit]

text: The novelty of the show[122] makes it a ripe target for parody.

text: Ben Stiller produced a web spoof of the series entitled Burning Love.[123]

text: Late night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel also created a parody called "The Baby Bachelor" in Jimmy Kimmel Live!, which the titular role is given to his 3-year-old nephew Wesley.

text: The Fox network produced a show, Joe Millionaire, based on the premise that the bachelor was a millionaire heir, when in reality, he was not.

text: On June 1, 2015, Lifetime began airing Unreal, a scripted drama about a producer who works on Everlasting. It is based on Sarah Gertrude Shapiro's short film Sequin Raze and her experience as a field producer on The Bachelor.

text: On Rupaul's Drag Race All Stars Season 3 Episode 3, the main challenge consisted of a parody called "The B*tchelor" where guest judge Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman played the Bachelor while the drag contestants portrayed the romantic interests.


document_title: Funskool

question_text: the popular toy manufacturing company funskool is a subsidiary of

text: Funskool

text:
Funskool (India) Ltd.
Type
Joint ventureIndustry
ToysEntertainmentFounded
Madras, Tamil Nadu, India (1987; 31 years ago (1987))Headquarters
Tarapore Towers, 6th Floor, 826, Anna Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaNumber of locations
13 (April 2016)Area served
WorldwideKey people
K. John Baby (CEO)Revenue
₹220 crore (US$32 million) (2017)Owners
MRF Ltd. (60%)Hasbro, Inc. (40%)Website
www.funskoolindia.com

text: Funskool (India) Ltd. is an Indian toy manufacturing company founded in 1987 with headquarters in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Apart from its own brands, the company also manufactures and distributes products in the Indian market under license from foreign toy brands including Hasbro, Lego, Disney, Warner Bros., Takara Tomy, and Ravensburger.[1]

text: History[edit]

text: Funskool was established in 1987 as a joint venture by MRF Ltd. and American toy manufacturer Hasbro, Inc.[2] The company began commercial operations the following year.[1] Funskool manufactures all its products (including licensed products) at manufacturing facilities in Ranipet, near Chennai, and in Goa.[3] The company's main competitors in the Indian market are Mattel and FisherPrice.[1] In 2014, Funskool surpassed Mattel to become the market leader in the mid to premium range of the Indian toy market.[4]

text: Funskool has published the Monopoly board game in India since 1987. The company released Monopoly:India Edition in 2008, with spaces on the board named after Indian cities and railway stations.[citation needed]

text: Funskool products are currently exported to Africa, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Turkey and the United Kingdom.[5][4] The company has plans to expand to the United States.[4]

text: Stores[edit]

text: Funskool opened a Lego store in Chennai in 2013.[4] Following the success of the venture, the company opened the first Funskool store in Coimbatore in March 2014.[2][4] By September 2015, the company had opened one store each in eight cities across the country.[4] Most Funskool stores are operated by franchisees.[2] As of April 2017, there are 20 Funskool stores nationwide.