document_title: A Goofy Movie

question_text: who sings stand out from a goofy movie

question_tokens: who sings stand out from a goofy movie

text: A Goofy Movie

text: Plot[edit]

text: Goofy is the single father of a 14-year-old teenage boy named Max Goof in the town of Spoonerville, Ohio, although the two have a tense relationship. On the last day of school before summer vacation, Max and his best friends P.J. and Robert "Bobby" Zimuruski hijack the auditorium stage in the middle of Principal Mazur's speech, creating a small concert where Max performs, while costumed as the pop singer Powerline. The performance succeeds in making Max a school celebrity and impressing his love interest, Roxanne, but he, P.J., and Bobby are sent to Mazur's office. While waiting outside of the office, Roxanne speaks with Max and agrees to go with him to a party where Powerline's concert will be aired live. However, Mazur exaggerates these events to Goofy and forewarns him that Max's actions may result in him facing capital punishment.

text: Goofy decides to take Max on a fishing trip to Lake Destiny, Idaho, following a map route he and his father took years ago, and the two go into his station wagon. However, he is oblivious to what Max is planning to do with Roxanne. Max stops by Roxanne's house to call off their date, but when Roxanne says she will just have to go with someone else, Max panics and instead fabricates a story about his father knowing Powerline; he tells her he will be on stage at the concert.

text: Despite his son's objections, Goofy plans his own trip, with initially disastrous results. Max hurts his father's feelings after his father humiliates him at an opossum-based theme park. While camping, Pete and P.J. join them. Following Pete's advice to keep Max under control, Goofy takes his son fishing and performs the Perfect Cast fishing technique, luring Bigfoot to their camp. Pete and P.J. flee, leaving Goofy and Max to spend the night with Bigfoot. At night, while Goofy is still asleep, Max alters the map route to Los Angeles, where the concert is taking place.

text: The next morning, Goofy decides to make Max the navigator of the trip. The two go to several locations that satisfy both of them. They stop by a motel where they meet Pete and P.J. again. When Pete overhears a conversation between Max and P.J., he tells Goofy that Max has tricked him in traveling to Los Angeles. The next day, Goofy and Max come to a junction: one leading to Idaho, the other to California. Max chooses the route to California, making Goofy stop the car at the Grand Canyon and storm off in anger. With the brake loose, the car drives off on its own; Goofy and Max chase after it and end up in the canyon. Goofy reveals that no matter how old Max gets, he will always be his son and the two reconcile with each other. After learning that Max had promised Roxanne that he would be at the concert, Goofy decides to take him to Los Angeles. The two nearly plummet down a waterfall to their deaths, but Max fortunately saves Goofy, using the Perfect Cast technique.

text: Goofy and Max get to Los Angeles, and while attempting to sneak backstage, they end up onstage and dance with Powerline, watched by Pete, P.J. and Roxanne on separate televisions. Goofy and Max later return to Roxanne's house in their damaged car. Max tells the truth to Roxanne, though she accepts it and admits she always had feelings for him, ever since he first said, "Ahyuck!"; thus, a relationship starts between them. Goofy's car suddenly explodes due to the damage it has sustained, ejecting Goofy in the process, but he safely falls through the porch roof of Roxanne's house, and Max proceeds to introduce him to Roxanne.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Jason Marsden as Maximillan "Max" Goof, an insecure teenage boy living in Spoonerville.
Bill Farmer as Goofy Goof, Max's father who works as a photographer at a toy store. He takes Max on a fishing trip out of worry that their relationship is drifting.
Kellie Martin as Roxanne, Max's high school love interest.
Jim Cummings as Peter Pete, Goofy's next-door neighbor who he and Max happen upon during their road trip.
Rob Paulsen as P.J. Pete, Pete's son and Max's best friend.
Pauly Shore (uncredited) as Robert "Bobby" Zimuruski, Max and P.J.'s best friend at school.
Jenna von Oÿ as Stacey, Roxanne's best friend.
Julie Brown as Lisa, a student in Max's high school who, along with the students, makes fun of Max until his performance as Powerline made her and the students to congratulate Max. She is Chad's girlfriend.
Joey Lawrence as Chad, a student in Max's high school who, along with the students, makes fun of Max until his performance as Powerline made him and the students to congratulate Max. He is Lisa's boyfriend.
Tevin Campbell as the singing voice of Powerline, a famous rock star celebrity who Max looks up to.
Wallace Shawn as Principal Mazur, the principal of Max's school.
Frank Welker as Bigfoot, a monster who lives in the forest.
Kevin Lima as Lester
Florence Stanley as Waitress
Jo Anne Worley as Miss Maple
Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse, who is seen hitchhiking alongside Donald Duck during Max and Goofy's road trip.
Pat Buttram as Possum Park Emcee
Herschel Sparber as Security guard
Brittney Alyse Smith as Photo Studio Girl
Corey Burton as Wendell
Pat Carroll as a restaurant waiter.

text: Production[edit]

text: A Goofy Movie was the directorial debut for Disney crew member Kevin Lima, who went on to direct the Disney films Tarzan (1999), 102 Dalmatians (2000) and Enchanted (2007).[4] In 1995, Lima said that "Instead of just keeping Goofy one-dimensional as he's been in the past, we wanted to give an emotional side that would add to the emotional arc of the story. We wanted the audience to see his feelings instead of just his antics."[5]

text: Although based upon a Disney TV series, A Goofy Movie was jointly produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, Walt Disney Television Animation, Disney MovieToons, Walt Disney Animation France. and Walt Disney Animation Australia. Pre-production was done at the main WDFA studio in Burbank, California, starting as early as mid-1993. The animation work was done at Walt Disney Animation France in Paris, France supervised by Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi, with additional scenes animated at Disney's studio in Sydney, Australia under the direction of Steve Moore, and clean-up work done at the main Burbank studio.[6][7] Additional clean-up/animation was done by Phoenix Animation Studios in Canada, and Digital ink and paint by the Pixibox studio in France.[8]

text: Music[edit]

text: The score for A Goofy Movie was provided by Carter Burwell and Don Davis.[9] Burwell was the primary composer; after Burwell had recorded his score with Shirley Walker orchestrating and conducting, Davis was hired to rework his score rather than write a completely new one. Burwell later wrote "My score had relied somewhat on unusual instrumentation - banjo, percussion and choir for example - and Disney wanted the sweeping scale and familiar affect of symphonic score." .[10] Davis is credited with "additional music" on the movie and the soundtrack album.

text: The songs "I 2 I" and "Stand Out" were performed by R&B singer Tevin Campbell. The soundtrack album for A Goofy Movie was released by Walt Disney Records on March 18, 1995.[11] Mitchell Musso covered the song "Stand Out" for the DisneyMania 7 album, which was released on March 9, 2010.[12]

text:
A Goofy Movie Original Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"I 2 I" (Tevin Campbell)
4:37

2.
"After Today" (Aaron Lohr and Chorus)
2:21

3.
"Stand Out" (Tevin Campbell)
3:00

4.
"On the Open Road" (Bill Farmer, Aaron Lohr, and Chorus)
3:01

5.
"Lester's Possum Park" (Kevin Quinn and Chorus)
1:25

6.
"Nobody Else But You" (Bill Farmer and Aaron Lohr)
2:35

7.
"Opening Fanfare / Max's Dream / Transformation"
1:25

8.
"Deep Sludge"
2:35

9.
"Bigfoot"
1:50

10.
"Hi Dad Soup"
2:04

11.
"Runaway Car"
2:14

12.
"Junction"
1:32

13.
"The Waterfall! / The Truth"
2:17

text: Release[edit]

text: A Goofy Movie was originally scheduled for a November 1994 theatrical release,[13] but production setbacks resulted in a push-back to 1995, while The Lion King was reissued to fill in for the film's absence.[14] The film's premiere took place on April 5, 1995, at the AMC Pleasure Island at Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, and was attended by director Kevin Lima and voice stars Bill Farmer and Jenna von Oy. On the 7th, it was released nationwide.[15] The film played a limited engagement at the El Capitan Theatre from August 25 through September 4, 2017.[16]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was first released on VHS by Walt Disney Home Video on September 6, 1995, and included a music video for the Parachute Express song Doctor Looney's Remedy on their video, Come Sing with Us. In the UK, it was released in theaters succeeding the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain on October 18, 1996, and on VHS in 1997. It was reissued on June 20, 2000, along with a DVD version as part of the short-lived Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection. This edition includes the Goof Troop episode, "Calling All Goofs" and a "Disney-fied" edit of Mambo No. 5. To date, this film and Doug's 1st Movie are the only two Disney animated films produced in widescreen that have pan and scan-only Region 1 DVD releases (not counting separate widescreen and pan and scan DVD releases of the two Disney/Pixar films The Incredibles and Cars). However, the film's PAL and NTSC (Japan) counterpart does have a non-anamorphic widescreen DVD, and the film is available in a letterbox presentation on LaserDisc and also in standard-definition widescreen on digital video retailers.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: A Goofy Movie holds a score of 53% at Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews from 15 critics.[17]

text: Variety's Todd McCarthy criticized the film's score, calling the six featured songs "unmemorable". He also felt that the personality of Goofy's character, while agreeable enough in support, proved a bit over the top for a headliner, and that "by any reasonable reckoning, he's distinctly overbearing and selfish, and responds with a bland dismissal to any opinion offered up by his son". McCarthy praised the film's technical aspects, calling them "crisp and clean".[6] Louis Black of The Austin Chronicle summed up his review by saying the film was "bland, a barely television-length cartoon stretched out to fill a feature, and not much fun".[5]

text: Siskel and Ebert both approved of the movie, praising the color scheme and the "sweet" father-son plot, and gave it three stars.[18] Writing for Common Sense Media, Nell Minow gave the film 4 stars, saying that "even tweens will enjoy this road trip with Goofy."[19]

text: Box office[edit]

text: A Goofy Movie was considered a relative success for Disney, opening in 2,159 theaters at #2 on its opening weekend with $6,129,557 - held from the #1 spot only because of the Will Smith blockbuster Bad Boys that opened the same weekend, with $15,523,358 in box office returns.[20] It ultimately ended its run at the US box office grossing $35,348,597 - coming in as the 51st highest-grossing domestic film in 1995.[3]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was nominated for "Best Animated Feature" in the production categories and "Best Production Design", "Best Storyboarding", "Best Music", and "Best Animation" in the individual categories at the 23rd Annie Awards.[21]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In 2000, a direct-to-video sequel to A Goofy Movie, titled An Extremely Goofy Movie, was released on DVD and VHS. The film involves Max's freshman year in college. Characters that returned for the sequel were Goofy, Max, P.J., Pete and Bobby, but Roxanne, Max's love interest, is absent from the sequel and is not referenced. Roxanne later appeared in the television series House of Mouse in the episode titled "Max's Embarrassing Date", where she was voiced by Grey DeLisle instead of Kellie Martin.

text: Reunion[edit]

text: On August 14, 2015, a 20th anniversary reunion for the film occurred at the D23 Expo at Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.[22] Those in attendance included Bill Farmer, Jason Marsden, Jim Cummings, Rob Paulsen, Jenna von Oÿ and producer Don Hahn. Wallace Shawn, Pauly Shore and director Kevin Lima also sent video messages.[22] The panel also included musical performances from Farmer, Marsden and Tevin Campbell.[22][23]


document_title: Designated Survivor (TV series)

question_text: when is the new episode of designated survivor

root

text: Designated Survivor (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On the night of the State of the Union, an explosion claims the lives of the President and everyone in the line of succession except for Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Thomas Kirkman, who had been named the designated survivor. Kirkman is immediately sworn in as President, unaware that the attack is just the beginning of what is to come.

tag: p

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Kiefer Sutherland as Thomas "Tom" Kirkman, the independent President of the United States and the former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development who is sworn in following an unprecedented attack.[5]
Natascha McElhone as Alexandra "Alex" Kirkman, Tom's devoted wife and a former immigration lawyer who finds herself thrust into a role she was not prepared to take on.[6]
Adan Canto as Aaron Shore, the White House Deputy Chief of Staff who becomes Chief of Staff in the days following the bombing only to resign after being interrogated about the attack. He goes on to work as an aide to Speaker of the House Kimble Hookstraten before returning to the White House as Tom's National Security Advisor.[7]
Italia Ricci as Emily Rhodes, Tom's Chief of Staff from his days as HUD Secretary who becomes his Special Advisor and, following Aaron's resignation, his Chief of Staff.[6]
LaMonica Garrett as Mike Ritter, a Secret Service agent originally assigned to Tom's personal security detail who tries to ensure the Kirkman family's safety following the bombing.[8]
Tanner Buchanan as Leo Kirkman (season 1;[a] recurring season 2), Tom's teenaged son who does everything he can to support his little sister but struggles to keep it together after a shocking secret about his past comes to light.[9]
Kal Penn as Seth Wright, a speechwriter who initially harbors doubts about Tom's abilities to lead the country but quickly becomes one of his closest advisors and the new White House Press Secretary.[6]
Maggie Q as Hannah Wells, an FBI agent assigned to investigate the events surrounding the bombing who suspects that the people responsible are not yet finished with what they started.[6]
Paulo Costanzo as White House Political Director Lyor Boone (season 2), a highly skilled yet socially inept political consultant hired to help develop the Kirkman administration's political strategy.[10]
Zoe McLellan as White House Counsel Kendra Daynes (season 2)[11]
Ben Lawson as Damian Rennett (season 2), an MI6 agent assigned to find the bombing's chief architect who develops a competitive relationship with Wells.[12]

tag: ul

text: Jump up ^ Tanner Buchanan was credited as a series regular through season 1, episode 13. From season 1, episode 14 onward, he is credited as recurring.

tag: ol

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Mckenna Grace as Penny Kirkman, Tom's daughter and Leo's younger sister.[9]
Peter Outerbridge as Charles Langdon, the former Chief of Staff and one of the survivors of the Capitol bombing who provides Wells with information about the conspiracy.
Malik Yoba as Jason Atwood, the Deputy Director of the FBI who initially spars with Wells over her investigation into the bombing but quickly becomes one of her most trusted allies.[13]
Kevin McNally as General Harris Cochrane, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who refuses to accept Tom as the new Commander in Chief and attempts to take matters into his own hands.[14]
Virginia Madsen as Congresswoman Kimble Hookstraten, a Republican from Missouri and the designated survivor for the Republican Party who supports Tom's authority while secretly harboring her own agenda.
Ashley Zukerman as Congressman Peter MacLeish, a third-term representative from Oregon who becomes a national hero following the bombing but struggles to hide a dark secret.[15]
George Tchortov as Nestor Lozano, a former CIA agent and wanted mercenary operating under the name "Catalan" who is heavily involved in the conspiracy.
Reed Diamond as John Forstell, the current Assistant Director of the FBI's Office of Professional Responsibility and the acting Attorney General who occasionally assists Wells in her investigation.
Mykelti Williamson as Admiral Chernow, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who quickly becomes one of Tom's most trusted advisors.[16]
Michael Gaston as James Royce, the Governor of Michigan who openly defies the Kirkman administration and tries to establish his own supreme authority.[17]
Mariana Klaveno as Brooke Mathison, a clandestine operator in league with the people behind the Capitol bombing.
Jake Epstein as Chuck Russink, an FBI analyst who occasionally assists Wells in her investigation.
Lara Jean Chorostecki as Beth MacLeish, Peter MacLeish's wife and a member of the conspiracy who goads him into following through with their agenda.
Rob Morrow as Abe Leonard, a disgraced investigative journalist determined to expose the Kirkman administration's secrets.[18]
Geoff Pierson as Cornelius Moss, a former President of the United States whom Tom appoints as his Secretary of State.[19]
Mark Deklin as Senator Jack Bowman, a Republican from Montana who seeks to raise his national profile by opposing Tom's legislative agenda.
Kearran Giovanni as Senator Diane Hunter, a Democrat from Massachusetts and the Senate Minority Leader who has a habit of sparring with Bowman.
Terry Serpico as Patrick Lloyd, the CEO of a defunct private military firm and the mastermind behind the conspiracy.
Richard Waugh as Jay Whitaker, the Homeland Security Advisor and a member of the conspiracy.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Paul McGuigan
David Guggenheim
September 21, 2016 (2016-09-21)
10.04[20]

2
2
"The First Day"
Brad Turner
Story by : Jon Harmon Feldman
Teleplay by : David Guggenheim
September 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)
7.97[21]

3
3
"The Confession"
Sergio Mimica-Gezzan
Jennifer Johnson & Paul Redford
October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05)
7.05[22]

4
4
"The Enemy"
Paul Edwards
Dana Ledoux Miller & Jon Harmon Feldman
October 12, 2016 (2016-10-12)
7.00[23]

5
5
"The Mission"
Paul Edwards
Sang Kyu Kim & Michael Russell Gunn
October 26, 2016 (2016-10-26)
5.96[24]

6
6
"The Interrogation"
Michael Katleman
Barbie Kligman & Jenna Richman
November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09)
5.56[25]

7
7
"The Traitor"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Jennifer Johnson & Michael Russell Gunn
November 16, 2016 (2016-11-16)
5.52[26]

8
8
"The Results"
Chris Grismer
Paul Redford & Sang Kyu Kim
November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)
5.45[27]

9
9
"The Blueprint"
Richard J. Lewis
Dana Ledoux Miller & Michael Russell Gunn
December 7, 2016 (2016-12-07)
5.18[28]

10
10
"The Oath"
Frederick E. O. Toye
David Guggenheim
December 14, 2016 (2016-12-14)
6.18[29]

11
11
"Warriors"
Stephen Surjik
Paul Redford & Carol Flint
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
5.86[30]

12
12
"The End of the Beginning"
Mike Listo
David Guggenheim
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)
5.74[31]

13
13
"Backfire"
Tara Nicole Weyr
Sang Kyu Kim & Pierluigi Cothran
March 22, 2017 (2017-03-22)
5.21[32]

14
14
"Commander-in-Chief"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Michael Russel Gunn
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)
5.15[33]

15
15
"One Hundred Days"
Kenneth Fink
Dana Ledoux Miller
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)
5.19[34]

16
16
"Party Lines"
Mike Listo
Jenna Richman
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)
4.82[35]

17
17
"The Ninth Seat"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Paul Redford
April 19, 2017 (2017-04-19)
5.06[36]

18
18
"Lazarus"
Chris Grismer
Jennifer Johnson
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26)
5.11[37]

19
19
"Misalliance"
Norberto Barba
Dana Ledoux Miller & Jenna Richman
May 3, 2017 (2017-05-03)
4.62[38]

20
20
"Bombshell"
Sharat Raju
Sang Kyu Kim
May 10, 2017 (2017-05-10)
4.92[39]

21
21
"Brace for Impact"
Frederick E. O. Toye
David Guggenheim
May 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)
5.07[40]

tag: table

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

22
1
"One Year In"
Chris Grismer
Keith Eisner
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
5.50[41]

23
2
"Sting of the Tail"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Keith Eisner
October 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)
4.80[42]

24
3
"Outbreak"
Chris Grismer
Ashley Gable
October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)
4.61[43]

25
4
"Equilibrium"
Joe Lazarov
Paul Redford & Keith Eisner
October 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)
4.34[44]

26
5
"Suckers"
Fred Gerber
Bill Chais
October 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)
3.94[45]

27
6
"Two Ships"[46]
Leslie Libman
Jessica Grasl
November 1, 2017 (2017-11-01)
TBD

28
7
"Family Ties"[47]
Milan Cheylov
Pierluigi Cothran
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Designated Survivor was ordered straight to series by ABC in December 2015,[48] with a formal announcement of 13 episodes in May 2016.[49][50] A month later, ABC revealed that the series would premiere on September 21, 2016.[51] Eight days after the premiere, on September 29, 2016, ABC gave the series a full season order.[52]

text: Created by David Guggenheim, the series is executive produced by Simon Kinberg, Sutherland, Suzan Bymel, Aditya Sood, and Nick Pepper. Paul McGuigan directed the pilot episode. Amy B. Harris was set to be the showrunner in February 2016, but after the series' official pick-up in May, it was announced she would be stepping down due to creative differences, and that Jon Harmon Feldman was in talks to replace her.[53] In July 2016, Feldman was confirmed as showrunner/executive producer.[13] In December 2016, Jeff Melvoin was hired as showrunner, replacing the departing Feldman.[54] Kal Penn, formerly associate director in the White House's Office of Public Engagement, serves as a consultant for the series as well as acting in the main cast.[55]

text: The series is produced by ABC Studios and The Mark Gordon Company, and is filmed in Toronto, Ontario.[56]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Producers Jon Harmon Feldman and Guggenheim described the series as more than one genre, drawing inspiration from other thriller-dramas, with Guggenheim explaining, "There is a West Wing component of a man governing and his team governing our nation at this critical time. It's also the Homeland aspect of investigating the conspiracy. It also has a House of Cards component, which is the characters and the business of government through the eyes of these characters."[57][58]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Kiefer Sutherland joined the cast in December 2015, playing Tom Kirkman, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development who suddenly becomes President.[59] Sutherland had no intention of returning to television; he read the first script of the series and changed his mind, saying, "I remember getting to the end of the script and thinking I was potentially holding the next 10 years of my life in my hands."[58]

text: In February 2016, it was announced that Kal Penn, had been cast as Kirkman's speech writer; Maggie Q, as Hannah, the lead FBI agent on the bombing of the Capitol; Natascha McElhone, Kirkman's wife, an EEOC attorney; and Italia Ricci as Emily, Kirkman's Chief of Staff. [6] Shortly after, Adan Canto had joined the series as Aaron Shore, the White House Deputy Chief of Staff.[7] In early March, LaMonica Garrett joined the cast as Mike Ritter, Kirkman's Secret Service agent,[8] and Tanner Buchanan and Mckenna Grace had been cast as Kirkman's children.[9]

text: In July 2016, Malik Yoba was announced for a recurring role as Jason Atwood, the seasoned Deputy Director of the FBI, to appear in seven episodes,[13] while Virginia Madsen had been cast in the recurring role of Kimble Hookstraten, a conservative Congresswoman and the designated survivor for the rival political party.[60] A month later, Ashley Zukerman joined the series in a recurring role as Peter MacLeish, an Afghan War veteran and popular third-term Congressman.[15] In September 2016, Mykelti Williamson was cast as Admiral Chernow, a career military man and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[16] On November 4, 2016, it was announced that Mariana Klaveno had been cast for the show as the Dark-Haired Woman, a clandestine operator in league with the people behind the Capitol attack.[61]

text: For the second season, Paulo Costanzo, Zoe McLellan, and Ben Lawson joined the cast as series regulars, portraying White House Political Director Lyor Boone,[10] White House Counsel Kendra Daynes,[11] and Damian Rennett,[12] respectively.

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Designated Survivor began airing on September 21, 2016, on ABC in the United States,[51] and CTV in Canada.[62] Netflix airs the series outside the U.S. and Canada adding the episodes weekly,[63][64] with distribution handled by eOne.[65]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A teaser trailer for Designated Survivor was released on May 6, 2016,[49] with the full trailer released on May 17.[66] Producers and some of the cast members promoted the series at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2016, showing a special preview screening with co-stars Maggie Q and Kal Penn in attendance.[67]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the series an approval rating of 85% based on 52 reviews, with an average rating of 6.98/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Kiefer Sutherland skillfully delivers the drama in Designated Survivor, a fast-paced, quickly engrossing escapist political action fantasy."[68] Metacritic reported a score of 71 out of 100 based on 35 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[69]

text: Terri Schwartz from IGN gave the first episode a rating of 8.0/10, saying, "Designated Survivor is a strong debut for a show that will fit well alongside Quantico and Scandal in ABC's government-set political drama lineup."[70] Variety said that the episode "does everything it needs to, checking off the necessary boxes for the unwilling American hero-president in efficient, compelling scenes."[71] Chuck Barney from Mercury News called the first episode "suspenseful".[72] Writing for TV Insider, Matt Roush compared Designated Survivor with other series as he said "fall's niftiest new drama has West Wing idealism, Homeland suspense and House of Cards political intrigue in its robust and compelling DNA."[73] Zack Handlen from The A.V. Club wrote positively about the show and the premiere, praising Sutherland's performance and commented on the symbol of Sutherland's glasses as he said, "The glasses he's wearing serve as a way to tell us this is a different kind of hero, but they're also a form of camouflage, making it easier for us to understand why so many people would underestimate this man."[74]

text: The editors of TV Guide placed Designated Survivor first among the top ten picks for the most anticipated new shows of the 2016–17 season. In writer Alexander Zalben's overall review, he pointed out the keys to one of the strongest pilots he had seen so far: "Designated Survivor is the rare show that delivers on the hype, and surpasses it," and later stating "It's shocking that a show can balance all of these elements, but credit a magnetic cast that hits the ground running, a crack script that makes the first hour feel like 10 minutes and, of course, Sutherland as the anchor that keeps it all grounded." Zalben's review concluded with this recommendation: "There's a reason Designated Survivor wasn't just the top pick across all of our Editors' lists, but also on the list compiled from TVGuide.com viewers' Watchlist adds: this is a show that delivers on its premise, feels timely, and most importantly, is a ton of fun."[75]

text: On the other hand, after watching the first episode of the first season, The Guardian's Brian Moylan criticized the dialogue, writing in his review that "this drama needs dialogue that won’t make the citizenry’s eyeballs roll", adding that the show features "meaningless platitudes" of a "we’re going to do this my way" attitude, and concluded by writing, "All we’re left with is a really great concept without the backing of a real leader behind it." Moylan also wrote that "there’s not enough family tension for it to be a domestic drama, not enough government intrigue to make it a political show, and not enough investigation to make it a procedural."[76] TVLine's Dave Nemetz drew references between Kirkman and Jack Bauer, Kiefer Sutherland's role in drama thriller 24, writing that "Sutherland does a good job portraying Kirkman’s deep ambivalence about the situation he’s been handed. But when he has to play hardball with an Iranian ambassador, the tough talk comes too easily to him. It’s like Kirkman has been possessed by the ghost of Jack Bauer". Nemetz also questioned the series' longevity; "As compelling as Designated Survivor's concept is, it’s hard to see how it will sustain itself as a weekly series".[77]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The first episode set a record for DVR viewers with 7.67 million, surpassing the September 25, 2014, record of almost 7 million set by the pilot of How to Get Away with Murder.[78][79]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
TV Guide
Most Exciting TV Series
Designated Survivor
Won
[80]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Most Exciting New Series
Designated Survivor
Won
[81]

2017
People's Choice Awards
Favorite New TV Drama
Designated Survivor
Nominated
[82]

Favorite Actor In A New TV Series
Kiefer Sutherland
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Action/Thriller Television Series
Designated Survivor
Nominated
[83]


document_title: Seat belt legislation

question_text: what year did seat belts come out in australia

text: Seat belt legislation

text: National comparisons[edit]

text: Australia[edit]

text: In Australia, after the introduction of mandatory front outboard mounting points in 1964, the use of seat belts by all vehicle passengers was made compulsory in the states of Victoria and South Australia in 1970 and 1971, respectively.[1] By 1973, the use of fitted seat belts by vehicle occupants was made compulsory for the rest of Australia and some other countries during the 1970s and 1980s. The subsequent dramatic decline in road deaths is generally because of seat belt laws and subsequent road safety campaigns.[2][3][4] Seat belts are not required for bus occupants, reversing drivers, and those driving some slow moving vehicles. The laws for these differ depending on the state or territory with jurisdiction.

text: Canada[edit]

text: All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws. In 1976, Ontario was the first province to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts.[5]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, seat belts must be worn at all times if they are fitted to a vehicle unless reversing. Passengers may be exempt from wearing a seat belt for different reasons. Since September 18, 2006, children travelling in the UK must also use an appropriate child seat in addition to the standard seat belt, unless they are 12 years old and/or have reached at least 135 centimetres (53 in) in height.[6]

text: In the UK, a requirement for anchorage points was introduced in 1965, followed by the requirement in 1968 to fit three-point belts in the front outboard positions on all new cars and all existing cars back to 1965.[citation needed] Successive UK Governments proposed, but failed to deliver, seat belt legislation throughout the 1970s. Front seat belts were compulsory equipment on all new cars registered in the UK from 1972, although it did not become compulsory for them to be worn until 1983. Rear seat belts were compulsory equipment from 1986. However, it has never been a legal requirement for cars registered before those dates to be fitted with seat belts.[7] In one such attempt in 1979 similar claims for potential lives and injuries saved were advanced. William Rodgers, then Secretary of State for Transport in the Callaghan Labour Government (1976–1979), stated: "On the best available evidence of accidents in this country - evidence which has not been seriously contested - compulsion could save up to 1000 lives and 10,000 injuries a year."[8]

text: United States[edit]

text: In the United States, seat belt legislation varies by state. The state of Wisconsin introduced legislation in 1961 requiring seat belts to be fitted to the front outboard seat positions of cars.[9] Seat belts have been mandatory equipment since the 1968 model year per Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208.

text: New York State passed the first law in the US mandating the use of seat belts in 1984 under the leadership of John D. States, an orthopedic surgeon who dedicated his career to improving automotive safety.[10] Depending on which state a driver is in, not wearing a seat belt in the front seat is either a primary offense or a secondary offense, with the exception of New Hampshire, which does not have a law requiring people over age 18 to wear a seat belt. In the front seat, the driver and each passenger must wear a seat belt, one person per belt. In some states, such as New York, New Hampshire, and Michigan, belts in the rear seats are not mandatory for people over the age of 16, though it is extremely advised. The driver and front-seat passengers aged 16 or older can be fined up to $50 each for failure to buckle up. In California, you must be 15 years or older to accompany the driver in the front seat. Children 14 and younger must sit in the rear seat until they reach the age of 15.Template:DMV.org

text: A primary offense means that a police officer can pull a driver over for the seat belt law violation alone, and secondary offense indicates that one can be punished for a seat belt law violation only if they are already pulled over for another reason. By January 2007 25 states and the District of Columbia had primary seat belt laws, 24 had secondary seat belt laws, and New Hampshire had no laws.[11] In 2009, Public Health Law Research published several evidence briefs summarizing the research assessing the effect of a specific law or policy on public health. One stated, "Safety belt laws work, but there is strong evidence to support that primary enforcement safety belt laws are more effective than secondary enforcement laws in increasing seat belt use and reducing crash injuries."[12]

text: Another found that "there is strong evidence that enhanced seat belt enforcement interventions can substantially increase seat belt use and its associated benefits."[13]

text: Developing countries[edit]

text: In many developing countries, pedestrians, cyclists, rickshaw operators and moped users represent the majority of road users.

text: In India, all cars manufactured after March 25, 1994 are equipped with front seat belts. The rule was extended for rear seats in 2002. The usage of seat belts is to be implemented by the respective states, with most states making seat belt usage for front seat passengers mandatory in 2002. Older vehicles that did not originally have seat belts were exempted. However, enforcement is weak in most parts of the country.

text: In Indonesia, belts are only mandatory for front seats. Many low entry car models are not equipped with rear seat belts.[14]

text: In Malaysia, the first stage of safety belt laws was implemented in 1979. This was expanded in January 2009 to include rear passengers. Passenger vehicles registered prior to January 1, 1995, and those weighing more than 3.5 tons are exempted from this rule. The third and fourth stages, which will deal with baby and child seats and the number of passengers in a vehicle, have not taken effect.[15]

text: In the Philippines, a seat belt law, Republic Act No. 8750, was approved in August 5, 1999. The law took effect in 2000 and requires all public and private vehicles, except motorcycles and tricycles, to have their front seats equipped with seat belts. Front seats as defined by the law includes the first row of seats behind the driver for public utility buses. Those below the age of six are prohibited to occupy the front seats of motor vehicles even if wearing a seat belt. Jeepneys are only required lap belts for the front seat passengers and the driver.[16][17]

text: The table below gives an overview of when seat belt legislation was first introduced in different countries. It includes both regional and national legislation.

text:
Country
Compulsory wearing
Compulsory fitting
Source

Cars
Bus passengers
Cars
Buses

Driver
Front passengers
Rear passengers

 Argentina
1994

1994
1994 (First row only, all in school buses)
[18]

 Australia
1970 (Victoria) 1971 (NSW) 1972 (national) 1986 (child restraints)

1969, 1970 (back seat, Victoria) 1971 (back seat)
1983 (≤3.5 tonnes)
[19][20]

 Canada
1976

 Czech Republic
1966 (outside cities)
1990 (all)
1976
1990
2004
1968

[21]

 European Union
1993

[22]

 Finland
1975
1982
1987
2006

 France
1973 (outside cities), 1975 (cities at night), 1979 (all)
1990
2003
1967, 1978 (back seat)
2003
[22]
[23]

 Germany
1976
1984
1999
1970, 1979 (back seat)
1999
Angurtpflicht

 Hungary
1976

1993

[19]

 Hong Kong
1983
1983
1996
2004 (minibuses)
1996 (back seat)
2004 (minibuses)

[24]

 India

1994 (front seats), 2002 (rear seats)

 Ireland
1979

1992

1971 (front seats), 1992 (rear seats)

[25]

 Italy
1989
1990 (where available)‡
2006‡
1988 (new vehicles); 1989 (all*, front seats); 1990 (new vehicles, back seats); 2000 (all*, back seats)
2006
[26]

 Japan
1971† (1985)
1971 (no fines), 1985 (fines on freeway), 1993 (all)
2008
2008
1969

[22]

 Myanmar
2017
2017
2017
2016 (motorway buses enforced)

 Netherlands
1976
1992

1975 (front) 1990 (rear)

 New Zealand
1972
1972 (15 years and over), 1979 (8 years and over)
1989♣

1972 (vehicles registered after 1965), 1975 (after 1955)

[27]

 Philippines
2000 (those below 6 years prohibited to occupy front seats)

2000 (first row beside the driver's seat only)
2000
[28]

 Singapore
1973
1973
1993
2008 (small buses)
1973

 Spain
1975

 Sri Lanka
2011
2011

 Sweden
1975
1986
1969 (front) 1970 (rear)
2004
[22][29]

 Thailand
1996
2009

 United Kingdom
1983
1991
2006
1967 (front) 1987 (rear)

[30]

 United States
1984 (New York; seat belt use law is jurisdiction of individual states)

Wisconsin, 1961. Federally, front lap 1965 model year; front shoulder & rear lap 1968; 3-point front 1974

[22]

text:
* - actually only vehicles registered after 15 June 1976; in previous registered vehicles fitting is optional
† - required by the law, but no penalty for violation at the time
‡ - required by the law, but low enforcement
♣ - definitely introduced by this date, possibly earlier

text: Effects[edit]

text: Studies by road safety authorities conclude that seat belt legislation has reduced the number of casualties in road accidents.

text: Experiments using both crash test dummies and human cadavers also indicated that wearing seat belts should lead to reduced risk of death and injury in car crashes.

text: Studies of accident outcomes suggest that fatality rates among car occupants are reduced by between 30 and 50 percent if seat belts are worn. The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that death risks for a driver wearing a lap-shoulder seat belt are reduced by 48 percent. The same study indicated that in 2007, an estimated 15,147 lives were saved by seat belts in the United States and that if seat belt use were increased to 100 percent, an additional 5024 lives would have been saved.[31]

text: An earlier statistical analysis by the NHTSA claimed that seat belts save over 10,000 lives every year in the US.[32]

text: According to a more recent fact sheet produced by the NHTSA:

text: By 2009, despite large increases in population and the number of vehicles, road deaths in Victoria had fallen below 300, less than a third of the 1970 level, the lowest since records were kept, and far below the per capita rate in jurisdictions such as the United States. This reduction was generally attributed to aggressive road safety campaigns beginning with the seat belt laws.[34][35]

text: A 2008 study in the Journal of Health Economics found that mandatory seat belt laws in the U.S. "significantly increased seatbelt use among high school age youths by 45-80%" and "significantly reduced traffic fatalities and serious injuries resulting from fatal crashes by 8 and 9%, respectively."[36] The authors note that these "results suggest that if all states had primary enforcement seatbelt laws then regular youth seatbelt use would be nearly universal and youth fatalities would fall by about 120 per year."[36]

text: Opposition[edit]

text: A number of groups and individuals are opposed to seat belt legislation. The most common grounds for opposition are:

text:
The view that laws requiring the wearing of seat belts are an infringement of individual liberty.
Claims that official estimates of the number of lives saved by seat belts are overstated or fail to take into account additional risks for other road users.

text: Risk compensation and other theories[edit]

text: The most common basis for disputing estimates of the benefits of seat belts is risk compensation and risk homeostasis, advanced by researchers John Adams and Gerald Wilde. The idea of this theory is that, if the risk of death or injury from a car crash is reduced by the wearing of seat belts, drivers will respond by reducing the precautions they take against crashes.

text: Along with many others[who?], Adams accepts the hypothesis that wearing seat belts improves a vehicle occupant’s chances of surviving a crash.[37]

text: In order to explain the disparity between the agreed improvement in crash survival and the observed results, Adams and Wilde argue that protecting someone from the consequences of risky behaviour may tend to encourage greater risk taking. Wilde states, "to compel a person to use protection from the consequences of hazardous driving, as seat belt laws do, is to encourage hazardous driving. A fine for non-compliance will encourage seat belt use, but the fact that the law fails to increase people's desire to be safe encourages compensatory behaviour." [38]

text: Studies and experiments have been carried out to examine the risk compensation theory. In one experiment subjects were asked to drive go-karts around a track under various conditions. It was found that subjects who started driving belted did not drive any slower when subsequently unbelted, but those who started driving unbelted did drive consistently faster when subsequently belted.[39] A study of habitual non-seat belt wearers driving in freeway conditions found evidence that they had adapted to seat belt use by adopting higher driving speeds and closer following distances.[40] In another study, taxi drivers who were habitual non-wearers were timed over a route with passengers who did, and others who did not, insist on the driver wearing a belt. They completed the route faster when belted.[41]

text: In addition to risk compensation, Adams has suggested other mechanisms that may lead to inaccurate or unsupportable predictions of positive benefits from seat belt legislation.

text:
Case-control studies based on voluntary use of safety aids can attribute to the aid benefits that actually come from the risk-averse nature of those likely to use them voluntarily (confounding), particularly early adopters.
Fatality rates are subject to considerable stochastic noise, and comparison of single years or short periods can be misleading.

text: Individual liberty[edit]

text: Opponents have objected to the laws on libertarian principles.[42] Some do so on the grounds that seat belt laws infringe on their civil liberties. They argue[where?] that not wearing seat belts is a victimless crime as the only person harmed is the one making that decision for himself about his own life.

text: The counterpoint to the libertarian view toward seat belt laws is that mandatory usage may reduce injuries and deaths (while possibly increasing the number of accidents) but also reduces the economic cost to society.[citation needed] Another notable scenario is of rear-seated passengers being forced forward in a crash and thus inadvertently harming the driver or front passenger. A University of Wisconsin study demonstrated that car accident victims who had not worn seat belts cost the hospital (and the state, in the case of the uninsured) on average 25% more.[43]

text: Side-effects of seat belts[edit]

text: Neck injuries can be caused by the deceleration from a high speed. The passengers head continues to move forward while the body is restrained, potentially causing paralyzing injuries. A study of such injuries notes, "Seatbelts save lives. However, they may cause injury to adjacent structures and when they malfunction can cause injury to the abdominal viscera, bony skeleton and vascular structures. The motor industry has attempted to reduce these injuries by modification of vehicle design and safety equipment."[44]