document_title: Lexus RX

question_text: when did lexus rx 350 change body style

question_tokens: when did lexus rx 350 change body style

text: Lexus RX

text: First generation (XU10; 1998–2003)[edit]

text:
First generation (XU10)

Pre-facelift Lexus RX 300 (US)

Overview

Also called
Toyota Harrier

Production

Dec 1997 – Jan 2003 (Toyota Harrier)[9]
Jan 1998 – Jan 2003 (Lexus RX)

Model years
1999–2003 (Lexus RX)

Assembly
Japan: Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Miyata plant)[9]

Designer
Makoto Oshima (1995)

Powertrain

Engine

2.2 L 5S-FE I4
2.4 L 2AZ-FE I4
3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6

Transmission
4-speed U140E/F automatic

Dimensions

Wheelbase
2,619 mm (103.1 in)

Length
4,575 mm (180.1 in)

Width
1,816 mm (71.5 in)

Height
1,669 mm (65.7 in)

text: The idea concept behind the RX—a crossover between a luxury sedan and SUV—started in 1993 when it was hypothesized by TMS and Toyota Motor executives. In 1994, that vehicle was officially proposed by TMS executives at product planning meeting in Toyota City, Japan and put into development. In December 1995, the final design directed under designer Makoto Oshima was approved for production, and prototypes later went into testing in 1996.

text: Prior to the RX public debut, a concept sport utility vehicle, the SLV, previewed the model at the Chicago Auto Show on 9 February 1997.[10] The SLV name stood for Sport Luxury Vehicle. The production-ready concept combined the characteristics of an SUV, wagon, and sedan,[11] and featured high-ground clearance and an elevated seating position. The concept's overall design intent was to be commonly used for suburban driving.[10] At the debut of the concept vehicle, it was reported that the crossover was to be based on the ES 300 sedan, and would go into production with an entry-level price of over US$30,000.[10]

text: The RX was built on a unibody chassis.[12] Its exterior design was not typical of existing four-door vehicles at its introduction.[13] Among design features, the vehicle featured front triangular quarter-windows, door-mounted side mirrors, a rear liftgate with top-mounted spoiler, and translucent front and rear light covers with round lenses.[12][13] The exterior color scheme was two-tone, with the bumper and lower body-side cladding a gray color.[13] The RX 300 carried a drag coefficient of 0.36 Cd.[12] The first-generation Lexus RX was built in Kyushu, Japan.[12]

text: Introduced in Japan in December 1997 along with V6 powered versions, the four-cylinder powered Toyota Harrier was available in front-wheel drive (SXU10) and all-wheel drive (SXU15) form. The 2.2 L 5S-FE I4 produced 102 kilowatts (137 hp) JIS and 191 N⋅m (141 lb⋅ft) of torque.[14] Both models were fitted with a 4-speed automatic transmission.[14] The Japanese-market Toyota Harrier could be optioned with JBL sound system, sport seats, and a leather steering wheel.[14] The Harrier found success in the Japanese market, and was also shipped as grey imports to right hand drive markets in Asia and Canada.[15][16]

text: The V6-powered model was available in front-wheel drive (MCU10) and all-wheel drive (MCU15) form, which comprised all RX 300 sales in export markets from March 1998 to 2003, and Harrier V6 sales in Japan from 1997 to 2003. The 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 was rated at 164 kilowatts (220 hp) and 301 N⋅m (222 lb⋅ft).[13][14] The transmission, a 4-speed automatic unit, offered a "Snow" mode which started the vehicle in second gear for better traction in adverse weather conditions.[17] For the RX 300, a 240-watt, 7-speaker Pioneer sound system was standard, while a premium Nakamichi customized sound system was available as an option. Interior features further included Walnut wood trim and an optional in-dash six-CD changer.[17] The overall RX 300 concept, which directed SUV qualities to an on-road vehicle, was based on market research which found that merely 7 percent of SUV owners drove off-road.[17] The RX 300 interior featured leather trim, two rows of seating, and a rear cargo area which could be concealed beneath a tonneau cover.[13] The center dashboard was dominated by a central liquid crystal display (LCD) multi-information screen for audio, climate, and performance data,[13] along with a U-shaped wood trim piece and a pair of air conditioning vents.[12] The gear shift was mounted at the base of the center console, thus leaving open space below for additional storage space, legroom, or movement to the passenger-side seat.[12][13] The rear seats could be adjusted forward and back, as well as fold flat for increased cargo room.[13][18] Total cargo volume with the seats folded was 130 cu ft (3.68 m3).[13]

text: Safety features included driver and passenger front airbags, front seat-mounted side torso airbags, anti-lock brakes, side impact door beams, daytime running lights, and five headrests as standard.[13] Vehicle Stability Control, an electronic stability program, was optional at the RX 300's debut,[12] and became standard in 2000.[19] The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) rated the RX 300 "Good" overall in their frontal offset crash test.[20]

text: In 2000, the RX 300 was refreshed with revised headlights and taillights, along with the option of high-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps.[18] The interior also gained the option of a DVD-based navigation system.[18] A burgundy exterior color, Venetian Red Pearl, was also offered on 1999–2000 year models.[21]

text: In November 2000, the 2.2-liter 5S-FE engine in the Harrier was replaced by the 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE four-cylinder engine, producing 117 kilowatts (157 hp) JIS and 221 newton metres (163 lb⋅ft) of torque.[22] As before, the engine was offered with either front-wheel drive (ACU10) or all-wheel drive (ACU15) versions.[22] A small facelift was also performed on the Harrier. Options included sport-tuned suspension and DVD voice navigation.[22]

text: In 2001, a limited edition "Silversport" was offered that included a monochromatic paint scheme in Millenium Silver or Black with an all black interior and perforated leather seats.[23] Exclusively for 2002, Lexus introduced the limited RX 300 "Coach Edition," featuring perforated leather trim in the interior, honeycomb grille, Coach badging on the exterior and interior, and a set of Coach luggage.[24]

text: Awards won by the first-generation Lexus RX include most appealing luxury SUV by J.D. Power and Associates in 1998,[25] Motor Trend Sport/Utility of the Year for 1999, Money magazine's Best Deal on the Road in the SUV class in 1999, and Kelley Blue Book's Best to Hold Value Award in 1999, 2000, and 2001.[26]

text: The RX 300 sold over 370,000 units in its five years on the market.[27] It was successful in terms of sales, and became the best-selling Lexus model shortly after its introduction.[17] Its popularity contributed to the growth of the premium crossover SUV market, with several rival makes launching competing models in response to the RX 300.[17][18]

text: Second generation (XU30; 2003–2008)[edit]

text:
Second generation (XU30)

Pre-facelift Lexus RX

Overview

Also called
Toyota Harrier

Production

Feb 2003 – Dec 2008 (Lexus RX)
Feb 2003 – Jul 2013 (Toyota Harrier)

Model years
2004–2009

Assembly

Canada: Cambridge, Ontario (TMMC)
Japan: Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Miyata plant)

Designer
Hiroshi Sukuki (2000)

Body and chassis

Platform
Toyota K platform

Powertrain

Engine

2.4 L 2AZ-FE I4
3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6
3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6
3.5 L 2GR-FE V6

Transmission

5-speed U151E/F automatic
CVT (Hybrid)

Dimensions

Wheelbase
2,715 mm (106.9 in)

Length

4,729 mm (186.2 in)
4,755 mm (187.2 in) (hybrid)

Width
1,844 mm (72.6 in)

Height

2006–07: 1,740 mm (68.5 in)
2008 AWD: 1,687 mm (66.4 in)
2008 FWD: 1,679 mm (66.1 in)

Chronology

Successor
Toyota Harrier (XU60) (for XU30)

text: In 1998, development began on the XU30 platform under chief engineer Yukihiro Okane. Design work was started under Makoto Oshima and would continue into 2000 when a concept design by Hiroshi Suzuki was approved. By early 2001, the final production design was green-lighted by the executive board, with the first prototypes being tested in 2002. Design patents were filed on 1 April 2002 under No. 794 at the Japanese Patent Office and on 21 April 2003 at the United States Patent and Trademark Office.[28][29][30]

text: The XU30 was previewed in January 2003 at the North American International Auto Show. Featuring a sleeker body style than its predecessor, the XU30 claimed to have a 0.35 Cd figure and new LED tailamps.[31][32] From the inside, the RX 330 interior featured genuine Golden Bird's Eye Maple or Walnut wood trim, a sliding multi-level center storage console, dual-zone climate control, and power tilt/telescopic steering column. Available options included a 210-watt, 11-speaker Mark Levinson premium sound system, DVD-based navigation system with backup camera, rear seat DVD player with wireless headphones, panoramic three panel moonroof, and heated seats.[33]

text: All RX models came standard with eight airbags, including dual front airbags, front row side torso airbags, side curtain airbags, a driver's knee airbag; Vehicle Stability Control (VDIM on RX 400h) and a tire-pressure monitoring system were standard. An Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) with HID headlamps and a backup camera (w/navigation system) were optional. In Japan, the Toyota Harrier was the first worldwide production car with optional radar-assisted Pre-Collision System (PCS) (Forward collision warning only, no autonomous braking).[34] front and side view monitoring and cornering assist monitor with treat monitor.[35] The Lexus RX received a "Good" overall rating in the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety frontal crash test.[36] U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test results in 2004 rated the RX 330 the maximum five stars in the Frontal Driver, Frontal Passenger, Side Driver, and Side Rear Passenger categories, and four of five stars in the Rollover category.[37]

text: In February 2003, the second-generation Toyota Harrier (codename ACU30 and MCU30 for the front-wheel drive models, and ACU35 and MCU35 for the all-wheel drive models) was launched in Japan. The Harrier was fitted either a 2.4 L I4 or 3.0 L V6 with or without all-wheel drive, and a new 5-speed automatic transmission with +/- shift along with available "AIRS" air-suspension on the 3.0 L V6 models. The new RX launched for European and Asian markets in early 2003, where it was sold as the RX 300 (MCU30/MCU35) and made in Japan. Asian markets included Singapore, where it succeeded the previously sold Harrier, South Korea, and Taiwan. The RX 300 featured a 3.0 L V6, with only the all-wheel drive version available, and air-suspension could be specified.

text: In North America, the RX 330 series began sales in March 2003 for the 2004 model year. Here, the car was badged RX 330 denoting its larger 3.3-liter V6.[38] The RX 330 (MCU33/MCU38) was powered by a 3.3-liter ULEV certified 3MZ-FE V6, rated at 230 horsepower (170 kW) SAE and 238 pound-feet (323 N⋅m) linked to a 5-speed automatic and was offered in either front or all-wheel drive. New technology features included Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) with swivel headlights,[39] height-adjustable air suspension on the all-wheel drive models, Dynamic Laser Cruise Control system, and rain-sensing wipers. All North American models were initially built in Japan until September 2003 when production of the RX 330 began in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada.[7] For each year of the second and third generation RX, a small number of non-hybrid RXs were assembled in Japan.

text: Lexus debuted the RX 400h (MHU38) at the North American International Auto Show in 2004, with plans to launch the vehicle in the U.S. market. The equivalent Harrier Hybrid debuted in Japan on 22 March 2005, the same day as the Toyota Highlander Hybrid.[citation needed] Hybrid production began in March 2005 at the Miyata plant.[9] The Lexus RX 400h made its U.S. sales debut in mid-2005, with over 9,000 pre-orders at launch.[40] The RX 400h's arrival in the U.S. had been delayed by several months; Lexus had announced in November 2004 that the American launch of the hybrid Lexus SUV would occur for the 2006 model year.[41] The RX 400h became the first production premium hybrid vehicle when it went on sale in 2005.[42]

text: Compared to the Lexus RX 330 and RX 350, the RX 400h featured a different front grille and round fog lights, and also differently styled LED taillights in place of the conventional LED ones on the RX 330/RX 350. Different exterior colors were offered. In 2007, Hybrid badging was added to the rear side doors. The RX 400h interior featured a hybrid information display on the navigation screen showing electrical motor, gasoline engine, and regenerative braking activation in real time.[43] Some RX 400h models without navigation screens displayed the information on a small monochrome display on the instrument panel. When launched in 2005, the RX 400h came exclusively with brushed aluminum interior accents, in place of the wood trim offered in the standard RX. This changed in 2006, when the RX 400h became available with Bird's Eye Maple wood trim.

text: Since its launch, the all-wheel drive RX 400h/Harrier Hybrid was sold at a substantial premium over the non-hybrid RX 300/RX 330/RX 350/Harrier.[44] In the U.S., the initial base price was US$49,185, which was a US$5,600 premium over a similarly equipped RX 330/RX 350.[42] A front-wheel drive version of the RX 400h debuted in 2006, with a base MSRP approximately US$1,400 less than the all-wheel drive RX hybrid.[45] For 2007, along with the reduction of the federal hybrid tax credit for its hybrids, Lexus lowered the base price of the RX 400h to US$42,580 and US$41,180 for the respective all-wheel and front-wheel drive versions.[46] The list price in Japan for the Harrier Hybrid ranged from ¥4.095 million to ¥4.62 million.[47] Based on the 2010 Lexus RX redesign, there was no RX 400h for the 2009 model year. However, the RX 400h did receive a facelift for the 2008 model year, featuring a blue Lexus badge and a rear spoiler that matches the body color.

text: The gasoline-powered part of the RX 400h engine system was a 3.3-liter 3MZ-FE V6, very similar to the one found in the RX 330. It produced 211 PS (155 kW; 208 hp) and 288 N⋅m (212 lbf⋅ft).[48] The gasoline engine was aided by a maximum of two additional electric motors, one driving the front wheels, producing 167 PS (123 kW; 165 hp) and 333 N⋅m (246 lbf⋅ft) and connected to the CVT gearbox,[48] and the other driving the rear wheels, producing 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) and 130 N⋅m (96 lbf⋅ft).[48] The whole system, called Lexus Hybrid Drive (also Hybrid Synergy Drive), produced a maximum of 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp).[48] With Lexus Hybrid Drive, under normal driving conditions, only the front motor and gasoline engine were used. The rear motor was only used under full-throttle acceleration or when the front wheels lost traction.[42] An Ni-MH battery was responsible for powering the motors,[42] and charged by generators during deceleration or sharp cornering.[44] Standard features included an Electronically Controlled Brake and Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management stability control system.

text: The RX 400h gasoline engine switched off automatically and the car ran completely on electricity when either stationary, decelerating, or being driven at slow speeds—less than 60 km/h (40 mph).[42] Not only did the hybrid drive in the RX 400h improve fuel economy, but with the assistance of the electric motor, the RX 400h could reach 0–100 km/h (0–60 mph) in 7.3 seconds,[42] quicker than the gasoline-only RX. Despite the increased performance, the RX 400h/Harrier Hybrid consumed roughly the same amount of gasoline as a compact four-cylinder sedan[49] and it qualified as a Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV) in the US.[43] Passing power at lower and mid engine rpm's was noticeably improved due to the electric motor. The water pump for the gasoline engine is driven by the camshaft belt. To improve efficiency, and because the gasoline engine shuts down during electric-only operation,[50] the alternator, power steering pump, and air conditioner compressor are beltless; rather than being tied to engine output,[50] these components are powered by electric motors via the battery instead.[50][51]

text: The RX 400h served as the launch vehicle of the Lexus hybrid lineup, which later expanded to include hybrid versions of other Lexus vehicles, including the GS 450h and LS 600h/LS 600h L, and in 2009, the first ever designated-hybrid (no gasoline model available) Lexus, the HS 250h.

text: In January 2005, Lexus introduced the RX 330 "Thundercloud Edition" for the U.S. market, featuring a chrome horizontal-slatted grille, unique 5-spoke 18" alloy wheels, black Bird's Eye Maple wood trim, Thundercloud badges and carpeted floor mats, and two special exterior colors (Thundercloud Metallic and Thundercloud Flint Mica). Production was limited to 6,500 units.[52]

text: In 2006 for the 2007 model year, the RX received a mid-cycle refresh consisting of a new 3.5-liter 2GR-FE V6 replacing the 3.3-liter 3MZ-FE V6 engine on non-hybrid models, updating the vehicle's name from RX 330 to RX 350, with new model codes GSU30 and GSU35. The RX 350 also featured an updated, Lexus Generation V DVD navigation system with improved graphics, voice controlled destination inputs, and a new feature called "bread crumbs." Bread crumbs will enable drivers to retrace their steps. The new navigation system also featured voice dial systems and the ability to enter destinations by voice address while driving.

text: In 2007 for the 2008 model year, the RX received a revised grille, chrome door handles, available new seven-spoke 18-inch alloy wheels with a liquid graphite finish, and Brandy Wine Mica or Desert Sage Metallic were new exterior choices. Black Bird's Eye Maple wood with gray interior was a new interior option for that year.

text: In February 2008 for the 2009 model year, Lexus added a new Pebble Beach Edition, limited to 6000 units, with a base MSRP of US$41,580 – US$42,980. These limited production models have "Pebble Beach" badges on front fenders and embroidered front floor mats, were available in Black Onyx and Truffle Mica color, and came equipped with limited-edition 18-inch alloy wheels, a color-keyed rear spoiler, and a chrome-finished grille. Buyers also received a choice of custom amenities designed to complement the Pebble Beach lifestyle. Production ended in December 2008.

text: The RX 330 was named most appealing luxury SUV by J.D. Power and Associates in 2004.[53] It was also the Best Overall Value in the SUV market over US$30,000 in 2003, 2004, and 2005 according to Intellichoice.[54][55] The Lexus RX 400h was one of only four SUVs to achieve recognition on J.D. Power and Associates' 2006 Automotive Environmental Index of the top 30 most environmentally friendly vehicles.[56] J.D. Power also awarded the RX 400h the top spot for entry-luxury SUVs in its 2005 Automotive Performance, Execution and Layout Study on owners' attitudes towards new vehicle designs.[57] At the 2005 GreenFleet Awards in the United Kingdom, recognizing environmentally friendly transportation, Lexus was recognized for introducing the RX 400h with the 4x4 Manufacturer of the Year title.[58] The RX 400h was named SUV of Texas at the 2005 Texas Truck Rodeo awards,[59] and was awarded recognition as a CNET editor's choice vehicle in 2005.[60]

text: Third generation (AL10; 2008–2015)[edit]

text:
Third generation (AL10)

Pre-facelift Lexus RX 350 (US)

Overview

Production
November 2008 – 2015

Model years
2010–2015

Assembly

Japan: Miyawaka, Fukuoka (Miyata plant)[61]
Canada: Cambridge, Ontario (TMMC)

Designer
Masanari Sakae (2006)

Body and chassis

Platform
Toyota K platform

Related
Toyota Venza

Powertrain

Engine

2.7 L 1AR-FE I4 (gasoline)
3.5 L 2GR-FE V6 (gasoline)
3.5 L 2GR-FXE V6 (gasoline hybrid)

Transmission

6-speed automatic U660E/F
CVT
8-speed automatic (F Sport)[62]

Dimensions

Wheelbase
2,741 mm (107.9 in)

Length
4,770 mm (187.8 in)

Width
1,885 mm (74.2 in)

Height

AWD: 1,684 mm (66.3 in)
FWD: 1,720 mm (67.7 in)

text: Development of the third-generation RX began in 2004. Chief engineer Takayuki Katsuda headed development, with design being conducted from 2005. In late 2006 design work by Masanari Sakae was chosen, with the final designs that were presented as 1:1 scale models being green-lighted for production in the first half of 2007. On 9 October 2007 design patents were filed at the Japanese Patent Office (7 April 2008 in the U.S.) for both a conceptual variant and two production variants (RX and RX 450h). The first North American pre-production prototypes were sent to Cambridge, Canada in early 2008 for testing prior to the first RX 350 rolling off the production line on 28 November 2008.[63][64][65][66] A hybrid concept vehicle, the LF-Xh, previewed the third-generation RX's design direction at international auto shows a year prior to the production model's debut. The LF-Xh, which stands for Lexus Future-Crossover(X) hybrid, was first shown at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show. The LF-Xh featured a V6 engine with electric motors, LED headlights and taillights, and a concept interior.[67]

text: Lexus debuted the third-generation Lexus RX on 19 November 2008. The AL10 series is built in Japan and Canada, with North American models primarily built in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada. American RX 350 sales began in February 2009 as a 2010 model. For 2009, the front-wheel drive RX 350 starts at US$36,800 while the all-wheel drive version starts at US$38,200. EPA-estimated fuel economy is improved at city/highway/combined 18/25/21 mpg for the FWD RX 350 and 18/24/20 mpg for the AWD model.[68] The RX 350 (GGL10/GGL15) features a revised 3.5-liter 2GR-FE V6 engine producing 275 horsepower (205 kW) with a wider power curve,[69][70] it remains ULEV-II certified and now uses a six-speed automatic transmission with sequential shift.[70]

text: The third-generation RX's new transmission can lock-up its torque converter from 2nd through 6th gears to improve fuel economy. By dropping the center locking differential, a new Active Torque Control all-wheel drive system diverts anywhere from 50% or up to 100% power to the front wheels for reduced drivetrain associated efficiency losses which in turn increases fuel efficiency. An Electric Power Steering (EPS) system replaces the previous belt-driven hydraulic pump. A double wishbone rear suspension setup replaces the previous MacPherson strut design for improved handling and greater cargo space, while an optional Sports Package adds a performance-tuned suspension.[69]

text: The AL10 RX's new exterior styling adopts the L-finesse design language, and outer features include a rear spoiler which hides the rear window wiper and radio antenna creating a less cluttered appearance. The drag coefficient on the latest RX 350 has been reduced to 0.33 Cd.[69] Exterior dimensions are increased, with cargo room increased by five percent over the prior generation.[69] For the interior, major standard features include SmartAccess, a keyless entry and start system, electrochromic heated side mirrors, UV reducing exterior glass, Bluetooth, power tilt/telescoping steering wheel, power 10-way driver and passenger seats, sliding and reclining rear seats and a power rear hatch. The instrument cluster's multi-function display uses an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display instead of a thin film transistor (TFT-LCD) display. New cabin technologies include VoiceBox Technologies conversational speech voice recognition system, the first of its kind in the U.S.,[71] which can recognize general speech commands. The new hard disk drive HDD-based navigation system no longer uses a touchscreen, instead replacing it with Lexus' Remote Touch controller, similar in function to a computer mouse, with haptic feedback. Optional accessory features include XM Satellite Radio, a 15-speaker 330-watt Mark Levinson Surround Sound audio system, a dual-screen Rear Seat Entertainment System (RSES), 19-inch wheels, heated and ventilated front seats, power front seat cushion extender, perforated and semi-aniline leather seats, a smog sensor for the HVAC system, power folding side view mirrors, and navigation system. With XM subscription the navigation adds real-time NavTraffic and NavWeather updates.[72][73]

text: The third-generation RX comes standard with a twin-chamber front passenger airbags, side torso airbags for the front row, side curtain airbags for front and rear rows, and knee airbags for the front row. Active headrests become standard to help reduce whiplash injuries. Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) and Hill Assist Control (HAC) which helps prevent the vehicle from rolling backwards on inclines are standard while a more advanced Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) system is optional.[74] VDIM is designed to be more subtle and less intrusive in performance than VSC alone, VDIM can also engage prior to an actual skid taking place acting as a preventative measure. The Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) remains optional, while a new bi-xenon optional Intelligent Highbeam feature is added, this system can dim the high-beams automatically whenever traffic is detected. Other optional safety features include a Pre-Collision System (PCS) and a Head-up Display (HUD) which helps the driver keep attention on the road ahead by displaying navigation, speed, and audio information on the windshield; the HUD uses high-intensity LEDs displaying high contrast white figures on the windshield allowing it to be read in direct sunlight.[72] The optional navigation system offers a backup camera and a Wide-View Side Monitor utilizes a camera on the passenger side view mirror to help eliminate blind spots on the passenger side at low speeds, this system does not include the 180° wide-angle front camera found in the LX 570. To further help improve visibility, water-repellent glass is used on the front doors.

text: Introduced in 2009 as a 2010 model year vehicle, the RX 450h (GLV10/GLV15) premiered alongside its non-hybrid counterpart, the RX 350. Manufacturer's specifications indicated largely identical outward dimensions for the RX 450h with the RX 350.[73] The RX 450h was scheduled to go on sale in the U.S. in mid to late 2009,[69] with sales introductions for the RX 450h in Asia (including Japan) and Europe in the same year. The RX 450h features an upgraded 3.5 L 2GR-FXE V6 engine (shared with the RX 350) which produces 245 hp (183 kW) at 6000 rpm,[70] along with a new inverter which boosts total horsepower to 297 hp (221 kW) (with the electric motors providing an added 22 hp (16 kW)).[69][70] The new inverter is 8 kg lighter, and more efficient. Up to three electric motors are used in the hybrid system, including two dual motors for the forward wheels (123 kW output), and a third for the rear wheels on the AWD model (50 kW; engages when slippage is detected or the throttle pressed firmly).[75] The RX 450h's V6 engine now runs on the Atkinson cycle for added efficiency.[69] Compared to the prior Otto cycle system, the Atkinson cycle has a lower compression ratio, along with higher expansion ratio inside engine cylinders. This system uses less energy to form fuel-air mixtures, and releases more energy.[75] A lighter, more free-flowing oil (0W-20) is also used, reducing friction energy loss and oil pump power requirements.[75] Two additional systems are added to the RX 450h's Lexus Hybrid Drive powertrain, an exhaust heat recovery system to reduce engine warm-up periods (optimizing engine start-stop times, particularly in cold conditions),[76] and a cooled exhaust gas-recirculation system to reduce fuel pumping loss.[70] The electric motors use the first automotive application of liquid cooling on both sides of the high-current transistors, allowing greater contribution from the electric motors versus the gasoline engine.[75]

text: Fuel efficiency for the RX 450h, according to EPA testing, is increased by twenty percent over the previous RX 400h.[77] Initial manufacturer data pointed to an increase of at least eight percent over the prior model.[69] In the U.S., the RX 450h is certified with a 2009 EPA fuel economy rating of 32 mpg city, 28 highway for the FWD model, and 30 mpg city, 28 highway for the AWD model.[75] This 30 mpg combined rating compares with the 20 mpg combined rating of the non-hybrid RX model.[75] The powertrain is linked to an instrument panel Eco light indicator, which enables drivers to monitor their fuel efficiency as it correlates with accelerator modulation.[75]

text: In August 2010, Lexus began offering the RX 270 (AGL10), a front-wheel drive model with a 2.7-liter 1AR-FE inline-four engine, in Japan,[78] China,[79] and Russia.[80] The RX 270 was a new entry-level offering for the RX lineup, produced with a lower base price and fewer emissions.[79] It was introduced at the 2010 Moscow Auto Show, and aimed to circumvent the additional taxes applied to automobiles with large engine displacements and higher emissions; import cars in China over 3.0 L are subject to additional fees.[81]

text: In July 2010, Bloomberg reported that an all-electric Lexus RX had been developed in partnership with Tesla Motors.[82] The RX was fitted with a Tesla-designed battery pack, and is to be used as a test mule for electric vehicle development.[82]

text: A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801-0004.[83] The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8-speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F-Sport variants starting in July of the same year.

text: Several awards won by the third-generation Lexus RX include AutoPacific Vehicle Satisfaction Award for Luxury Crossover SUV,[84] Kelley Blue Book Best Resale Value Award for Luxury Utility Vehicle,[85] and Residual Value Award for Near Luxury SUV from Automotive Lease Guide.[86] The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) has awarded the RX 350 its Top Safety Pick accolade.[87][88] In 2013, J.D. Power and Associates named the RX as the most dependable vehicle in the U.S.; it was the first time a SUV/crossover had ever been listed as such.[89]

text: The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test results has given the RX 350 the maximum five star rating in the Frontal Driver, Frontal Passenger, Side Driver, and Side Rear Passenger categories, and four of five stars in the Rollover category at a risk of 16.4%.[90] The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rated the RX 350 a Top Safety Pick given "Good" overall ratings in both frontal offset and side crash tests, the RX also received "Good" ratings in all 14 measured categories.[87][88] In 2014 (for the 2015 U.S. model year), the North American Lexus RX 350 gains new standard equipment such as the popular display audio package and LED front fog lamps. Navigation equipped models receive an upgraded 19 inch wheel finish as well as an easier to use remote touch controller. The 2015 model year F-Sport models now have the option of a cabernet red interior.

text: Safety[edit]

text:
2015 Lexus RX350 SUV AWD NHTSA[91]

Overall:

Frontal driver:

Frontal passenger:

Side driver:

Side passenger:

Side pole driver:

Rollover AWD:
 16.4%

text:
IIHS:[92]

Category
Rating

Moderate overlap frontal offset
Good

Side impact
Good

Roof strength
Good1

text: Fourth generation (AL20; 2015–present)[edit]

text:
Fourth generation (AL20)[93][94]

Overview

Production
September 2015–present[95]

Model years
2016–present

Designer
Gen Ikeda (2012)[96]

Body and chassis

Platform
Toyota K platform

Powertrain

Engine

2.0 L 8AR-FTS I4 (turbocharged gasoline)
3.5 L 2GR-FKS V6 (gasoline)
3.5 L 2GR-FXS V6 (hybrid gasoline)

Transmission
8-speed automatic

Dimensions

Wheelbase
2,790 mm (109.8 in)[97]

Length
4,890 mm (192.5 in)
L: 5,000 mm (196.9 in)[97]

Width
1,895 mm (74.6 in)[97]

Height
1,720 mm (67.7 in)[97]

text: Lexus debuted the new generation of the RX (AL20) at the April 2015 New York International Auto Show, including a "floating roof design", and a revised, bolder "Spindle Grille". The RX features a 295 hp (220 kW) version of the 3.5 L V6 engine. This is mated to an 8-speed automatic transmission.[98] The gasoline engine and electric motor RX 450h hybrid also reach a combined power of 308 hp (230 kW). Otherwise, Lexus also offers a four-cylinder gasoline turbocharged 8AR-FTS engine, which is called RX 200t, but this model is not available in North America. The vehicle is larger than the previous generation, with a 2-inch (50.8 mm) increase in wheelbase, providing more interior room throughout. To counter issues with the previous version's F-Sport ride quality being too firm, in the pursuit of sporty handling, the new generation features an Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) to adjust ride quality as needed. An active anti-roll bar from the European specification third generation RX was added to the F-Sport package. Twenty-inch alloy wheels are also available, as is a panoramic sunroof. An 8.0 in (20.3 cm) center console display screen is standard equipment, with an optional 12.3” display.[99][100]

text: Release in the United States was scheduled for November 2015.[99][100] For the first time in the American market, Lexus released an F Sport version of the RX hybrid, the RX 450h F Sport.

text: The North American RX models are manufactured in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada and has about 25 percent of its parts coming from Japan.[101] The RX is also manufacturered in Toyota's plant in Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan for markets outside North America with 64 percent of its parts coming from Japan.[102]

text: Lexus has announced a new 3 row model of the RX, called the RX 350L, as of November 2017.

text: Sales[edit]

text: As of April 2015, Lexus had accumulated more than 2.1 million RX models worldwide.[103] The Lexus RX 400h/RX 450h is the top selling Lexus hybrid, with global sales of 335,000 units through March 2016, out of one million Lexus hybrids sold worldwide.[6]

text: Sales data in United States for the Lexus RX are as follows, sourced from manufacturer yearly data:

text:
Calendar year
US sales (hybrid)

2000
89,864[104]

2001
77,426[104]

2002
72,963[105]

2003
92,366[105]

2004
106,531[106]

2005
108,775[106] (20,674)[107]

2006
108,348[108] (20,161)[107]

2007
103,340[108] (17,291)[107]

2008
84,181[109] (15,200)[107]

2009
93,379[110] (14,464)[111]

2010
95,790[112] (15,113)[113]

2011
82,595[114] (10,723)[115]

2012
95,381[114] (12,223)[115]

2013
103,920[116] (11,307)[117]

2014
107,490[118] (9,351)[119]

2015
100,610[120] (7,722)[121]

2016
109,435[122] (8,561)[123]


document_title: The Crown (TV series)

question_text: how many episodes are in the crown on netflix

root

text: The Crown (TV series)

text: Premise

text: The Crown traces the life of Queen Elizabeth II from her wedding in 1947 to the present day. The first season depicts events up to 1955, with Claire Foy portraying the Queen in the early part of her reign.[4] The second season is intended to cover from the Suez Crisis in 1956 through the retirement of the Queen's third Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, in 1963 following the Profumo affair political scandal.[5][6] A third season will include Princess Margaret's five-year affair with baronet and gardening expert Roddy Llewellyn.[5]

tag: p

text: Cast

text: Main

text:
Claire Foy as Princess Elizabeth and later Queen Elizabeth II[4]
Matt Smith as Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Elizabeth's husband[4]
Vanessa Kirby as Princess Margaret, Elizabeth's younger sister[4]
Eileen Atkins as Queen Mary, Elizabeth's grandmother[7]
Victoria Hamilton as Queen Elizabeth, George VI's wife and Elizabeth's mother, later known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, to differentiate her from her daughter, Elizabeth, after her daughter became Queen[4]
Alex Jennings as Edward, Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, who had abdicated in favour of his younger brother Bertie to marry Wallis Simpson; known to his family as David
Lia Williams as Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, the wife of Edward
Jeremy Northam as Anthony Eden, the Foreign Secretary, who succeeds Churchill as Prime Minister[8]
Ben Miles as Group Captain Peter Townsend, George VI's equerry, who hopes to marry Princess Margaret[9]
Greg Wise as Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Philip's ambitious uncle and great-grandson of Queen Victoria
Jared Harris as King George VI, Elizabeth's father, known to his family as Bertie[4]
Stephen Dillane as Graham Sutherland, a noted artist who paints a portrait of the aging Churchill
John Lithgow as Winston Churchill, the Queen's first Prime Minister[4]

tag: ul

text: Recurring

text:
Harry Hadden-Paton as Martin Charteris
Andy Sanderson as Prince Henry[7]
Michael Culkin as Rab Butler[7]
Nicholas Rowe as Jock Colville[7]
Harriet Walter as Clementine Churchill[8]
Pip Torrens as Tommy Lascelles
Simon Chandler as Clement Attlee
Clive Francis as Lord Salisbury
Patrick Ryecart as Duke of Norfolk
Nicholas Jones as Lord Moran
Paul Sheridan as Eden's Aide[10]
David Shields as Colin Tennant[11]
Kate Phillips as Venetia Scott

text: Season 2

text:
Matthew Goode as Antony Armstrong-Jones, a society photographer who marries Princess Margaret.[5]
Michael C. Hall as John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States.[6][12]
Jodi Balfour as Jacqueline Kennedy, the First Lady of the United States.[6]
Anton Lesser as Harold Macmillan, who followed Anthony Eden as Prime Minister.[13]

text: Episodes

text: Season 1 (2016)

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"Wolferton Splash"
Stephen Daldry
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In 1947, Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark renounces his royal titles and foreign relations in order to marry Princess Elizabeth, King George VI's elder daughter and heiress presumptive to the British crown. The newlyweds move to Malta, where Philip joins the Royal Navy as a Lieutenant-Commander and Elizabeth gives birth to her son Charles and her daughter Anne. In 1951, the couple returns to London when King George undergoes surgery for lung cancer. After being told he has months to live, the King counsels Philip how to assist Elizabeth as she becomes the new sovereign. After six years of a Labour Party-controlled government, former Conservative Prime Minister Winston Churchill and his wife Clementine return to Downing Street.

2
2
"Hyde Park Corner"
Stephen Daldry
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In 1952, with King George still in ill health, Elizabeth and Philip tour the Commonwealth in his place. While the couple is on safari in Kenya, the King is found dead in his bed. His wife Queen Elizabeth, younger daughter Margaret, and widowed mother Queen Mary mourn as news of George's sudden passing spreads via radio to the rest of the world. Philip breaks the news to Elizabeth, who returns to the United Kingdom as Queen and reunites with her family in their grief.

3
3
"Windsor"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

As the Royal Family prepares for King George's funeral, Elizabeth's uncle Edward, who has been living in France with his wife Wallis since his abdication, returns to the United Kingdom, causing his mother and sister-in-law to reopen decades-old wounds. Elizabeth meets with Churchill to discuss Philip's demands that their family keeps his name of Mountbatten and lives at Clarence House rather than move to Buckingham Palace. Churchill is reluctant to bend to either request, but Elizabeth later drops them after receiving counsel from Edward. Churchill later pushes back Elizabeth's coronation to over a year away, which the Queen recognizes as an attempt to secure his own power against his party.

4
4
"Act of God"
Julian Jarrold
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In December 1952, as a great smog causes thousands to die from suffocation or accidents caused by low visibility, Elizabeth's advisors pressure her to ask Churchill, who referred to the event as an "act of God", to step down. While the Queen is reluctant to do so, she summons him for a private audience after he comes under fire from the Opposition and refuses to discuss the smog at a Cabinet meeting. Churchill, however, has his eyes opened to the smog's effects after his favorite secretary Venetia is hit by a double-decker bus and killed. He makes an impassioned speech to the press, promising a longer-term approach to preventing future smog while Elizbeth changes her mind after the smog clears moments before their private audience. As all this is going on, Philip receives flying lessons from Air Force Group Captain Peter Townsend.

5
5
"Smoke and Mirrors"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

Following Queen Mary's death in March 1953, the visiting Duke of Windsor clashes with Elizabeth's Private Secretary Tommy Lascelles after being asked not to attend Elizabeth's coronation and learning that Wallis will not be receiving an invitation. Elizabeth places Philip in charge of coronation preparations only to regret her decision when he upsets her with a request that he should not have to kneel to her while she is being crowned and the committee with his insistence that the event be televised. On June 2nd, Elizabeth is crowned at Westminster Abbey while Edward and Wallis host a viewing of the coronation from their house in Paris.

6
6
"Gelignite"
Julian Jarrold
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

When Margaret and Townsend ask for Elizabeth's permission to marry, Lascelles and the Queen Mother advise against it while a newspaper gets wind of the story and publishes several articles about it. While Elizabeth initially promises to support Margaret, she changes her mind after discovering that the Royal Marriages Act of 1772 prohibits Margaret from marrying until she turns twenty-five. Elizabeth and Philip take Peter, who is set to head to Brussels, with them on their trip to Northern Ireland, but his popularity causes Lascelles to recommend that the posting happen earlier and forever affects the Queen's relationship with her sister.

7
7
"Scientia Potentia Est"
Benjamin Caron
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

When the Soviet Union detonates their first hydrogen bomb, Churchill urges an international summit with American President Dwight D. Eisenhower to avert tension. At the last minute, however, Churchill falls victim to a stroke which inhibits his ability to govern and which Lord Salisbury keeps secret. Elizabeth, meanwhile, contemplates whether to replace the retiring Lascelles with preferred choice Martin Charteris or with Lascelles's senior deputy Michael Adeane. She later engages a tutor to improve her practical education in science and other related subjects and gains enough courage to dress down Churchill and Salisbury for lying to her.

8
8
"Pride & Joy"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

With Elizabeth and Philip on a stressful tour of the Commonwealth, Margaret takes on more royal engagements while the Queen Mother goes to Scotland to reflect on her new position and ends up buying a castle. Philip, meanwhile, grows frustrated over Elizabeth using him as a prop and the couple gets into a heated argument that gets recorded by photographers. While Elizabeth convinces the photographers to hand over the recording, she and Phillip remain unable to resolve the argument and realize they must pretend to have a stable relationship for the public's sake. Churchill visits Margaret and, after explaining that the British people don't want someone with passion or personality, tells her she will no longer be taking on royal engagements.

9
9
"Assassins"
Benjamin Caron
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

Philip begins spending more time out of the house and Elizabeth begins spending more time with her horse racing manager and life-long friend Lord Porchester. The tension between the couple, which only escalates after Elizabeth has a direct line put in for Porchie to call Buckingham Palace, culminates in a heated confrontation. Afterwards, Elizabeth tells Philip that, to the disappointment of many, he is the only man she has ever loved. He, in turn, mouthes a silent apology after she makes a moving speech at Churchill's eightieth birthday dinner. As all this is going on, Graham Sutherland paints a portrait of Churchill as a birthday gift from Parliament. The Prime Minister, however, hates its unflattering accuracy and, after a heated confrontation with Sutherland, admits his pain at what aging has done to him. On secret instructions from Clementine, the portrait is later destroyed.

10
10
"Gloriana"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

Elizabeth faces a climax to Margaret's relationship with Townsend when she finds herself torn between the public and the combined opposition from Parliament and the Church of England. As she tries to convince Margaret against the relationship, the Queen Mother starts to complain about Philip's domineering attitude towards Charles. At the suggestion of Lascelles and the Queen Mother, Elizabeth asks Philip to open the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne so he can adjust to living in her shadow. A five-month royal tour is later added to Philip's trip and Elizabeth suggests that he be thankful everyone is helping him find a public role. As all of this is going on, Anthony Eden replaces Churchill as Prime Minister and becomes trapped in an escalating dispute with Egyptian president Gamel Abdel Nasser over rights to the Suez Canal.

tag: table

text: Season 2

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

11
1
TBA
Philip Martin[13]
TBA
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)[14]

text: Production

text: Development

text: Peter Morgan, who wrote the 2006 film The Queen and the 2013 stage play The Audience, is the main scriptwriter for The Crown.[15] The directors of the television series who were also involved in the stage production are Stephen Daldry, Philip Martin, Julian Jarrold, and Benjamin Caron.[16] The first 10-part season was the most expensive drama produced by Netflix and Left Bank Pictures to date, costing at least £100 million.[17][18][19][20] A second season has been commissioned,[21][22] with the series intended to span 60 episodes over six seasons.[4] The series is expected to recast each role with older actors every two seasons, as the series progresses to present day events.[23]

text: Filming

text: An estimated 25% of the first season was filmed at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, with the remainder filmed on location, with the season filmed over 152 days. Sets for private quarters, the interior of a private jet, the cabinet room, and the exterior of 10 Downing Street were built at Elstree Studios,[22][24] while Lancaster House, Wrotham Park and Wilton House were used for scenes to double as Buckingham Palace. Ely Cathedral stood in for Westminster Abbey, while filming in South Africa doubled as Kenya.[22] Additional filming locations in the United Kingdom included Eltham Palace, the Royal Naval College,[25] Goldsmiths' Hall, Shoreham Airport, New Slains Castle,[26] Balmoral Castle, Cruden Bay, Lyceum Theatre, Loseley Park, Hatfield House,[24] The Historic Dockyard Chatham,[27] Southwark Cathedral, Ardverikie House, Englefield House, and Glenfeshie Estate.[28] Filming on the second season began in early October 2016.[23]

text: Historical accuracy

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The show has been interpreted by some[weasel words] as perpetuating the myth that the Queen and Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden forced Princess Margaret to give up the idea of marrying Group Captain Peter Townsend. In reality, evidence shows they produced a plan to remove the hurdle holding up the marriage. In contradiction to the TV dramatization this plan would have allowed Princess Margaret to keep her royal title and her civil list allowance, stay in the country and even continue with her public duties. In the dramatization, the Queen is seen telling her sister that if she marries Townsend she will no longer be a member of the family because of the Royal Marriages Act 1772.[29]

text: The reenactment of the King's surgery to remove a lung tumour was researched and planned by Pankaj Chandak, specialist registrar in transplant surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London. Mr Chandak and his surgical team then became part of the real scene.[30] The production team have donated the surgical model of King George VI to the Gordon Museum of Pathology to be used as teaching aid.[31]

text: In the episode "Windsor", a flashback scene shows the former Edward VIII broadcasting a speech after his abdication, with the radio presenter announcing him as "His Royal Highness, The Duke of Windsor". John Reith, who announced the message on 11 December 1936, introduced him as "His Royal Highness, Prince Edward".[32][33] The title of Duke of Windsor was only announced by King George VI at his accession council on the following day, 12 December 1936.[34]

text: Release

text: The series' first two episodes were released theatrically in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2016.[35] The first season was released worldwide in its entirety on November 4, 2016.[36][37] The second season is set to be released on December 8, 2017.[14]

text: Reception

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 90% approval rating based on 51 reviews, with an average rating of 8.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Powerful performances and lavish cinematography make The Crown a top-notch production worthy of its grand subject."[38] On Metacritic, the series holds a score of 81 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[39]

text: The Guardian's TV critic Lucy Mangan praised the series and said, "Netflix can rest assured that its £100m gamble has paid off. This first series, about good old British phlegm from first to last, is the service's crowning achievement so far."[40] Writing for The Daily Telegraph, Ben Lawrence said, "The Crown is a PR triumph for the Windsors, a compassionate piece of work that humanises them in a way that has never been seen before. It is a portrait of an extraordinary family, an intelligent comment on the effects of the constitution on their personal lives and a fascinating account of postwar Britain all rolled into one."[41] Chief television critic Jaci Stephen of The Mail on Sunday lauded the series and said, "Faultless is the only word for The Crown with its exquisite writing and magnificent acting."[42] Writing for The Boston Globe, Matthew Gilbert lauded the series saying, "The show, created and written by Peter Morgan of The Queen and Frost/Nixon is thoroughly engaging, gorgeously shot, beautifully acted, rich in the historical events of postwar England, and designed with a sharp eye to psychological nuance."[43] Vicki Hyman of The Star-Ledger said, "A sumptuous, stately but never dull look inside the life of Queen Elizabeth (Claire Foy)."[44] The A.V. Club's Gwen Ihnat said, "The Crown easily rises far above, adding a cinematic quality to a complex and intricate time for an intimate family. The performers and creators are seemingly up for the task."[45]

text: The Wall Street Journal critic Dorothy Rabinowitz said, "We're clearly meant to see the duke [of Windsor] as a wastrel with heart. It doesn't quite come off—Mr. Jennings is far too convincing as an empty-hearted scoundrel—but it's a minor flaw in this superbly sustained work."[46] Television critic Robert Lloyd writing for Los Angeles Times said, "As television it's excellent—beautifully mounted, movingly played and only mildly melodramatic."[47] Hank Stuever of The Washington Post also reviewed the series positively: "Pieces of The Crown are more brilliant on their own than they are as a series, taken in as shorter, intently focused films like The Queen and another Morgan achievement, the play and film versions of Frost/Nixon."[48] Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times said, "This is a thoughtful series that lingers over death rather than using it for shock value; one that finds its story lines in small power struggles rather than gruesome palace coups.".[49] The Hollywood Reporter's Daniel Fienberg reviewed the series positively and said, "The first chapter of Peter Morgan's chronicle of the rule of Queen Elizabeth II remains gripping across the entirety of the 10 episodes made available to critics, finding both emotional heft in Elizabeth's youthful ascension and unexpected suspense in matters of courtly protocol and etiquette."[50] Other publications such as USA Today,[51] Indiewire,[52] The Atlantic,[53] CNN[54] and Variety[55] all reviewed the series positively.

text: Some were more critical towards the show. In a less enthusiastic review for Time magazine, Daniel D'Addario wrote, "The show will be compared to Downton Abbey, but that late soap opera was able to invent ahistorical or at least unexpected notes, [Claire] Foy struggles mightily, but she's given little: Avoiding her children, her husband, and her subjects in favor of meetings at which she either acquiesces to her advisors or puts off acquiescing until fifteen minutes later, The Crown's Elizabeth is more than unknowable. She's a bore".[56] Vulture's Matt Zoller Seitz quipped, "The Crown never entirely figures out how to make the political and domestic drama genuinely dramatic, much less bestow complexity on characters outside England's innermost circle."[57] Verne Gay of Newsday said, "Sumptuously produced but glacially told, The Crown is the TV equivalent of a long drive through the English countryside. The scenery keeps changing, but remains the same."[58] Slate magazine's Willa Paskin, expressed "It will scratch your period drama itch—and leave you itchy for action."[59] Writing for The Mail on Sunday, Hugo Vickers, an English biographer of the Royal Family, was of the opinion that "while [The Crown] certainly holds the attention, it is marred by a series of sensationalist errors and some quite remarkable lapses into vulgarity."[60]

text: Accolades

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
American Film Institute Awards
Top 10 TV Programs of the Year
The Crown
Won
[61]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Drama Series
Nominated
[62]

Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
John Lithgow
Won

Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series
Jared Harris
Nominated

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Best Main Title – TV Show/Digital Streaming Series
Hans Zimmer
Nominated
[63]

2017
Golden Globe Awards
Best Television Series – Drama
The Crown
Won
[64]

Best Actress – Television Series Drama
Claire Foy
Won

Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
John Lithgow
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Won
[65]

Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series
Claire Foy
Won

Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
Cast of The Crown
Nominated

Art Directors Guild Awards
One-Hour Period or Fantasy Single-Camera Television Series
Martin Childs
Nominated
[66]

American Cinema Editors Awards
Best Edited One Hour Series for Non-Commercial Television
Yan Miles (for "Assassins")
Nominated
[67]

Satellite Awards
Best Television Series – Drama
The Crown
Won
[68]

Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Jared Harris
Nominated

Costume Designers Guild Awards
Outstanding Period Television Series
Michele Clapton
Won
[69]

Dorian Awards
TV Drama of the Year
The Crown
Nominated

TV Performance of the Year - Actress
Claire Foy
Nominated

Broadcasting Press Guild Awards
Best Online First/Streaming
The Crown
Won
[70]
[71]

Best Actor
Matt Smith
Nominated

Best Actress
Claire Foy
Nominated

Best Writer
Peter Morgan
Nominated

Irish Film and Television Awards
Best Editing
Úna Ní Dhonghaíle
Nominated
[72]

Location Managers Guild Awards
Outstanding Locations in Period Television
Pat Karam, Robert Bentley
Won
[73]

BAFTA Television Craft Awards
Best Costume Design
Michele Clapton
Won
[74]
[75]

Best Director: Fiction
Stephen Daldry
Nominated

Best Photography and Lightning: Fiction
Adriano Goldman
Nominated

Best Production Design
Martin Childs
Nominated

Best Special, Visual and Graphic Effects
Úna Ní Dhonghaíle, Molinare
Won

Best Title and Graphic Identity
Patrick Clair, Raoul Marks
Nominated

Best Writer: Drama
Peter Morgan
Nominated

BAFTA Television Awards
Best Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated
[76]

Best Actress
Claire Foy
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
John Lithgow
Nominated

Jared Harris
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress
Vanessa Kirby
Nominated

Glamour Awards
Best UK TV Actress
Won
[77]

TCA Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Drama
The Crown
Nominated
[78]

Outstanding New Program
Nominated

Individual Achievement in Drama
Claire Foy
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated
[79]

Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series
Stephen Daldry
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series
Peter Morgan
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
Claire Foy
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
John Lithgow
Won

Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series
Nina Gold, Robert Sterne
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series (One Hour)
Adriano Goldman
Nominated

Outstanding Costumes for a Period/Fantasy Series, Limited Series, or Movie

Nominees[show]

Michele Clapton, Alex Fordham, Emma O'Loughlin and Kate O'Farrell

Won

Outstanding Hairstyling for a Single-Camera Series
Ivana Primorac, Amy Riley
Nominated

Outstanding Main Title Design

Nominees[show]

Patrick Clair, Raoul Marks, Javier Leon Carrillo and Jeff Han

Nominated

Outstanding Music Composition for a Series
Rupert Gregson-Williams
Nominated

Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Period Program (One Hour or More)

Nominees[show]

Martin Childs, Mark Raggett and Celia Bobak

Won

Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Supporting Role

Nominees[show]

Ben Turner, Tom Debenham, Standish Millennas, Kim Phelan, Oliver Cubbage, Lionel Heath, Charlie Bennet, Stephen Smith and Carmine Agnone

Nominated

Online Film & Television Association Awards
Best Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated
[80]

Best Actor in a Drama Series
Matt Smith
Nominated

Best Actress in a Drama Series
Claire Foy
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
John Lithgow
Won

Best Guest Actor in a Drama Series
Jared Harris
Won

Best Ensemble in a Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated

Best Direction in a Drama Series
Nominated

Best Writing in a Drama Series
Nominated

Best Music in a Series
Won

Best Editing in a Series
Nominated

Best Cinematography in a Series
Won

Best Production Design in a Series
Won

Best Costume in a Series
Won

Best Make Up/Hairstyling in a Series
Won

Best New Theme Song in a Series
Won

Best New Titles Sequence
Nominated


document_title: Singin' in the Rain

question_text: what movie is singing in the rain from

question_tokens: what movie is singing in the rain from

text: Singin' in the Rain

text: Plot[edit]

text: Don Lockwood (Gene Kelly) is a popular silent film star with humble roots as a singer, dancer, and stuntman. Don barely tolerates his vain, cunning, and shallow leading lady, Lina Lamont (Jean Hagen), though their studio, Monumental Pictures, links them romantically to increase their popularity. Lina is convinced they are in love, despite Don's protestations otherwise.

text: At the premiere of his newest film, The Royal Rascal, Don tells the gathered crowd an exaggerated version of his life story, including his motto: "Dignity, always dignity." His words are humorously contradicted by flashbacks showing him alongside his best friend Cosmo Brown (Donald O'Connor). To escape from his fans after the premiere, Don jumps into a passing car driven by Kathy Selden (Debbie Reynolds). She drops him off, but not before claiming to be a stage actress and sneering at his "undignified" accomplishments as a movie star.

text: Later, at a party, the head of Don's studio, R.F. Simpson (Millard Mitchell), shows a short demonstration of a talking picture,[a] but his guests are unimpressed. To Don's amusement, Kathy pops out of a mock cake right in front of him, revealing herself to be a chorus girl. Furious at Don's teasing, she throws a real cake at him, only to hit Lina right in the face. She runs away. Don is smitten with Kathy and searches for her for weeks. While filming a love scene, Lina tells him that she had Kathy fired. Don finally finds Kathy working in another Monumental Pictures production. She confesses to having been a fan of his all along.

text: After a rival studio has an enormous hit with its first talking picture, the 1927 film The Jazz Singer, R.F. decides he has no choice but to convert the next Lockwood and Lamont film, The Duelling Cavalier, into a talkie. The production is beset with difficulties, including Lina's grating voice and strong New York accent. An exasperated diction coach tries to teach her how to speak properly, but to no avail. The Duelling Cavalier's test screening is a disaster; the actors are barely audible thanks to the awkward placing of the microphones, Don repeats the line "I love you" to Lina over and over, to the audience's derisive laughter,[b] and in the middle of the film, the sound goes out of synchronization, with hilarious results as Don's voice is heard while Lina is speaking and vice versa.

text: Don, Kathy and Cosmo come up with the idea to turn The Duelling Cavalier into a musical called The Dancing Cavalier, complete with a modern musical number called "Broadway Melody". Cosmo, inspired by a scene in The Duelling Cavalier where Lina's voice was out of sync, suggests that they dub Lina's voice with Kathy's. R.F. approves the idea but tells them not to inform Lina about the dubbing. When Lina finds out, she is infuriated. She becomes even angrier when she discovers that R.F. intends to give Kathy a screen credit and a big publicity buildup afterward. Lina threatens to sue R.F. unless he orders Kathy to continue working uncredited as Lina's voice. R.F. reluctantly agrees to her demands, as a clause in her contract states that she can sue whenever denied a role of her choosing.

text: The premiere of The Dancing Cavalier is a tremendous success. When the audience clamors for Lina to sing live, Don, Cosmo, and R.F. tell her to lip sync into the microphone while Kathy, hidden behind the curtain, sings into a second one. While Lina is "singing," Don, Cosmo and R.F. gleefully raise the curtain, revealing the fakery. Lina flees. A distressed Kathy tries to run away as well, but Don proudly announces to the audience that she's "the real star of the film." Later, Kathy and Don kiss in front of a billboard for their new film, Singin' in the Rain.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Gene Kelly as Don Lockwood. His performance in the song "Singin' in the Rain" is now considered to be iconic.[5]
Debbie Reynolds as Kathy Selden. Directors Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen insisted that Reynolds was always first in their minds for the role.[6] Although the film revolves around the idea that Kathy has to dub over for Lina's voice, in the scene where Kathy is dubbing a line of Lina's dialogue ("Our love will last 'til the stars turn cold"), Jean Hagen's normal voice is used.[7][8][9]
Donald O'Connor as Cosmo Brown, Don's lifelong pal, and vaudeville partner, who becomes the head of Monumental Pictures' music department.
Jean Hagen as Lina Lamont. Fresh off her role in The Asphalt Jungle, Hagen read for the part for producer Arthur Freed. She did a dead-on impression of Judy Holliday's Billie Dawn character from Born Yesterday, which won her the role.
Millard Mitchell as R.F. Simpson. The initials of the fictional head of Monumental Pictures are a reference to producer Arthur Freed. R.F. also uses one of Freed's favorite expressions when he says that he "cannot quite visualize it" and has to see it on film first, referring to the "Broadway Melody" sequence. This is a joke, since the audience has just seen it.
Cyd Charisse as the long-legged woman in the green sequined dress and Louise Brooks hair who vamps Gene Kelly in the "Broadway Melody" sequence.
Douglas Fowley as Roscoe Dexter, the director of Don and Lina's films.
Rita Moreno as Zelda Zanders, the "Zip Girl" and Lina's friend.

text: Uncredited

text:
King Donovan as Rod, head of the publicity department at Monumental Pictures.
Judy Landon as Olga Mara, a silent screen vamp who attends the premiere of The Royal Rascal.
Madge Blake as Dora Bailey, a radio show host.
Kathleen Freeman as Phoebe Dinsmore, Lina's diction coach.
Bobby Watson as diction coach during the "Moses Supposes" number.
Jimmy Thompson as the singer of "Beautiful Girl".
Mae Clarke as the hairdresser who puts the finishing touches on Lina Lamont's hairdo.

text: Songs[edit]

text: Singin' in the Rain was originally conceived by MGM producer Arthur Freed, the head of the "Freed Unit" responsible for turning out MGM's lavish musicals, as a vehicle for his catalog of songs written with Nacio Herb Brown for previous MGM musical films of the 1929–39 period.[10] Screenwriters Betty Comden and Adolph Green wrote two entirely new songs, "Make 'Em Laugh" and "Moses Supposes", the latter with music director Roger Edens providing the music. (see below).[11]

text: All songs have lyrics by Freed and music by Brown unless otherwise indicated.[11] Some of the songs, such as "Broadway Rhythm," "Should I?," and most notably "Singin' in the Rain," have been featured in numerous films. The films listed below mark the first time each song was presented on screen.

text:
"Fit as a Fiddle (And Ready for Love)" from College Coach (1933)[12] (music by Al Hoffman and Al Goodhart, lyrics by Freed)
"Temptation" (instrumental only) from Going Hollywood (1933)
"All I Do Is Dream of You" from Sadie McKee (1934)[11]
"Singin' in the Rain" from The Hollywood Revue of 1929 (1929)[11]
"Make 'Em Laugh," considered an original song, but bearing a striking resemblance to Cole Porter's "Be a Clown," used in another MGM Freed-produced musical, The Pirate (1948). Credited to Comden and Green.
"Beautiful Girl Montage" comprising "I've Got a Feelin' You're Foolin'" from Broadway Melody of 1936 (1935),[11] "The Wedding of the Painted Doll" from The Broadway Melody (1929),[11] "Should I?" from Lord Byron of Broadway (1930)[11] and "Beautiful Girl" from Stage Mother (1933)[11]
"You Were Meant for Me" from The Broadway Melody (1929)[11]
"You Are My Lucky Star" from Broadway Melody of 1936 (1935)[11]
"Moses Supposes" (music by Roger Edens, lyrics by Comden and Green)
"Good Morning" from Babes In Arms (1939)[11]
"Would You?" from San Francisco (1936)[11]
"Broadway Melody" composed of "The Broadway Melody" from The Broadway Melody (1929)[11] and "Broadway Rhythm" from Broadway Melody of 1936 (1935)[11] The music for the "Broadway Ballet" section is by Nacio Herb Brown.[1]

text: Production[edit]

text: Revisions from early drafts[edit]

text:
In an early draft of the script, the musical number "Singin' in the Rain" was to be sung by Reynolds, O'Connor, and Kelly, emerging from a restaurant after the flop preview of The Dueling Cavalier, to celebrate the idea of changing the film into a musical.[13]
Kelly singing "You Were Meant For Me" to Reynolds on an empty sound stage was not included in that draft. The number was originally conceived as Kelly singing a medley of other songs to her as they romped around various studio back lot sets.[14]
Rita Moreno was originally to have sung the lead in "I've Got a Feelin' You're Foolin'" with other showgirls, but this ended up as part of the "Beautiful Girl Montage" without her.[15]

text: Scenes filmed but cut before release[edit]

text:
Gene Kelly sang a reprise of "All I Do is Dream of You" after the party at R.F. Simpson's house when Kelly chases after Reynolds. The song, ending in Kelly's bedroom, was cut from the release version after two previews, and the footage has been lost.[16]
Reynolds' solo rendition of "You Are My Lucky Star" (to a billboard showing an image of Lockwood) was cut after previews.[16] This number has survived and is included on the original soundtrack and DVD version of the film.[17]
In the steamy "Vamp Dance" segment of the "Broadway Melody Ballet" with Cyd Charisse and Gene Kelly, reviewers from both the Production Code and the Catholic Church's Legion of Decency objected to a brief, suggestive pose or movement between the dancers. Although there is no precise documentation of what or where it was, close examination of footage toward the end of the dance shows an abrupt cut when Charisse is wrapped around Kelly, indicating the probable location.[18]

text: Other notes[edit]

text: In the famous dance sequence in which Gene Kelly sings the title song while spinning an umbrella, splashing through puddles and getting soaked to the skin, Kelly was sick with a 103 °F (39 °C) fever.[19][20] The rain in the scene caused Kelly's wool suit to shrink during filming. A common myth is that Kelly managed to perform the entire song in one take, thanks to cameras placed at predetermined locations. However, this was not the case, the filming of the sequence taking place over 2–3 days.[21] Another myth is that the rain was mixed with milk in order for the drops to show up better on camera; but the desired visual effect was produced, albeit with difficulty, through backlighting.[22][23]

text: Debbie Reynolds was not a dancer when she made Singin' in the Rain; her background was as a gymnast.[17] Kelly apparently insulted her for her lack of dance experience, upsetting her. In a subsequent encounter when Fred Astaire was in the studio, he found Reynolds crying under a piano. Hearing what had happened, Astaire volunteered to help her with her dancing. Kelly later admitted that he had not been kind to Reynolds and was surprised that she was still willing to talk to him afterwards. After shooting the "Good Morning" routine, which had taken from 8:00 a.m. until 11:00 p.m. to shoot,[24] Reynolds' feet were bleeding.[17] Years later, she was quoted as saying that "Singin' in the Rain and childbirth were the two hardest things I ever had to do in my life."[25]

text: Donald O'Connor had to stay in bed in the hospital for several days after filming the "Make 'Em Laugh" sequence, due to his smoking up to four packs of cigarettes a day.[21][26]

text: Most of the costumes from this film were eventually acquired by Debbie Reynolds and held in her massive collection of original film costumes, sets, and props. Many of these items were sold at a 2011 auction in Hollywood. While most items were sold to private collectors, Donald O'Connor's green check "Fit As a Fiddle" suit and shoes were purchased by Costume World, Inc. They are now on permanent display at the Costume World Broadway Collection Museum in Pompano Beach, Florida.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: According to MGM records, during the film's initial theatrical release, it made $3,263,000 in the US and Canada and $2,367,000 internationally, earning the studio a profit of $666,000.[27] It was the tenth highest-grossing movie of the year in the US and Canada.[28][29]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film had a score of a perfect 100% "Certified fresh" approval rating based on 49 reviews with an average rating of 9.2/10, the website's critical consensus reads: "Clever, incisive, and funny, Singin' In The Rain is a masterpiece of the classical Hollywood musical."[30]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: For her role as Lina Lamont, Jean Hagen was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. The film was also nominated for Best Original Music Score for Lennie Hayton.

text: Donald O'Connor won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy for his portrayal of Cosmo Brown.[31] Betty Comden and Adolph Green received the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Musical.[32]

text: Singin' in the Rain has appeared twice on Sight & Sound's list of the ten best films of all time, in 1982 and 2002. Its position in 1982 was at number 4 on the critics list; on the 2002 critics' list, it was listed as number 10, and it tied for 19 on the directors' list.[33]

text: Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 100% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 49 reviews, with an average score of 9.2/10. The film is currently ranked as No. 14 on Rotten Tomatoes' list of best rated films.[34] Rotten Tomatoes summarizes the critical consensus as, "Clever, incisive, and funny, Singin' in the Rain is a masterpiece of the classical Hollywood musical."[35] In 2008, Singin' in the Rain was placed on Empire's 500 Greatest Movies of All Time List, ranking at #8, the highest ranked G-rated movie on the list.

text: In 1989, Singin' in the Rain was among the first 25 films chosen for the newly established National Film Registry for films that are deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation.

text: The film is recognized by the American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #10[36]
2000: AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – #16[37]
2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #16[38]
2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:

Lina Lamont – Nominated Villain[39]

2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

"Singin' in the Rain" – #3[40]
"Make 'Em Laugh" – #49[41]
"Good Morning" – #72[42]

2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

Lina Lamont: "What do they think I am, dumb or something? Why, I make more money than Calvin Coolidge! Put together!" – Nominated[43]

2006: AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – #1[44]
2007: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – #5[45]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The 40th Anniversary Edition VHS version released in 1992 includes a documentary, the original trailer, and Reynolds' solo rendition of "You Are My Lucky Star," which had been cut from the final film.[46]

text: According to the audio commentary on the 2002 Special Edition DVD, the original negative was destroyed in a fire. Despite this, the film was digitally restored for its DVD release. A Blu-ray Ultimate Collector's Edition was released in July 2012.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Comic book adaptation

text: Eastern Color Movie Love #14 (April 1952)[47]

text:
Stage adaptation
The Broadway musical Singin' in the Rain was adapted from the motion picture, and the plot of the stage version closely adheres to the original. Directed and choreographed by post-modern choreographer Twyla Tharp, the opening night cast starred Don Correia as Don Lockwood, Mary D'Arcy as Kathy Selden, Richard Fancy as Roscoe Dexter, Faye Grant as Lina Lamont, and Peter Slutsker as Cosmo Brown. The musical opened on July 2, 1985 at the Gershwin Theatre after 39 previews, and ran for 367 performances, closing on May 18, 1986.[48]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
Kelly's hometown Pittsburgh Pirates games at PNC Park play the scene from the film during rain delays.[49]
"Singin' in the Rain" is sung mockingly by Alex DeLarge, played by Malcolm McDowell, in the rape scene in Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film A Clockwork Orange. The Gene Kelly version plays during the end credits.[50]
"Singin' in the Rain" is sung by Inspector Jacques Clouseau played by Peter Sellers as part of the extended version of the grocery scene from The Pink Panther Strikes Again in Blake Edwards 1982 film Trail of the Pink Panther.
1n the 1983 television special Paddington Goes to the Movies, the film is mentioned at some points and Paddington performs a version of Gene Kelly's famous dance from the 1952 film.
In the 1989 Woody Allen film Crimes and Misdemeanors, Cliff (Woody Allen) and Halley (Mia Farrow) watch Singin’ in the Rain at Cliff’s apartment. Cliff claims to watch the film “every few months to keep my spirits up.”
In their 1976 Christmas special, the British comedy act Morecambe and Wise parodied the "Singin' in the Rain" sequence.[51]
Gene Kelly's "Singin' in the Rain" sequence is one of the opening scenes of The Great Movie Ride at Disney's Hollywood Studios.[52] Kelly approved his Audio-Animatronics likeness prior to its delivery to Florida.[53]
The dance to the title song is parodied in the 2005 Broadway musical Spamalot in the dance break to "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life," complete with tap-dancing knights spinning bright yellow umbrellas around.[54]
The "Singin' in the Rain" sequence was featured in a 2005 Volkswagen Golf commercial, with Gene Kelly seen break-dancing in the street. Also featured was Mint Royale's version of the song accompanying the commercial.
Two songs from the film were featured in "The Substitute", a season 2 episode of the musical comedy television series Glee.
In the 2012 film Silver Linings Playbook, Jennifer Lawrence's character is inspired by a clip of Donald O'Connor and Gene Kelly dancing to "Moses Supposes" from Singin' in the Rain.
The 2013 anime short Gisoku no Moses features a young female ghost dancing with a pair of haunted dance shoes to the tune of "Moses Supposes."[55]
In the 2015 romantic drama film Brooklyn, Tony Fiorello (Emory Cohen) takes Eilis Lacey (Saoirse Ronan) out on a date to see the film. In the next scene, he emulates Gene Kelly's iconic swing on the lamppost.
The scene in which Gene Kelly sings "You Were Meant for Me" is featured in the 2015 Nancy Meyers film The Intern.
Singin' in the Rain was an inspiration for the 2016 musical film La La Land, directed by Damien Chazelle.[56]
The 2017 Eurovision entry of Italy, Occidentali's Karma, features the phrase "Communque vada panta rei, and Singing in the Rain".
The song "Good Morning" was featured in the Legends of Tomorrow Season 3 episode "Phone Home".[57]