document_title: It's a Small World

question_text: when does it's a small world close

question_tokens: when does it 's a small world close

text: It's a Small World

text: History[edit]

text: Fabricated at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank as Children of the World, it was created by WED Enterprises, then shipped to the 1964 New York World's Fair's UNICEF pavilion, sponsored by Pepsi, where it featured at its entrance a kinetic sculpture, The Tower of the Four Winds, a 120-foot perpetually spinning mobile created by WED designer Rolly Crump. It was added to four attractions — Magic Skyway (Ford), Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln (Illinois), The Carousel of Progress (General Electric), and CircleVision 360 (Kodak)—already under development, which were used by Disney to sponsor, fund, and test concepts and develop ride systems and innovative entertainment intended to be moved and re-built at Disneyland after the World's Fair closed in 1966.

text: The Pepsi Board of Directors took so long to agree on what type of attraction to sponsor that then-board member and widow of past company president Alfred Steele, actress Joan Crawford, prevailed upon her longtime Hollywood friend Walt Disney to design such an attraction as would be suitable for Pepsi. Because of the short lead-time to design, create, and construct such an attraction, she insisted that the Board of Directors accept his proposal, seeing as he was already designing attractions for the state of Illinois, Ford, General Electric, and Kodak and knew Walt was the only one who could accomplish such a feat in the short time left until the fair was scheduled to open.[3] The WED Enterprises company was given only 11 months to create and build the pavilion.[4]

text: Mary Blair was responsible for the attraction's whimsical design and color styling. Blair had been an art director on several Disney animated features, including Cinderella, Alice In Wonderland, and Peter Pan. Like many Disneyland attractions, scenes and characters were designed by Marc Davis, while his wife, Alice Davis, designed the costumes for the dolls. Rolly Crump designed the toys and other supplemental figures on display. The animated dolls were designed and sculpted by Blaine Gibson. Walt was personally involved with Gibson's and Greg S. Marinello development of the dolls' facial design; each animated doll face is completely identical in shape.

text: Arrow Development was deeply involved in the design of the passenger-carrying boats and propulsion system of the attraction. Two patents that were filed by Arrow Development staff and assigned to The Walt Disney Company illustrate passenger boats and vehicle guidance systems with features very similar to those later utilized on the Disneyland installation of the attraction.[5][6] The firm is credited with manufacturing the Disneyland installation.[7]

text: Song/melody[edit]

text: "Children of the World" was the working title of the attraction. Its tentative soundtrack, which can be heard on the album, featured the national anthems of each country represented throughout the ride all playing all at once, which resulted in disharmonic cacophony. Walt conducted a walk-through of the attraction scale model with his staff songwriters Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman, saying, "I need one song that can be easily translated into many languages and be played as a round."[8] The Sherman brothers then wrote "It's a Small World (After All)"[9] in the wake of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, which influenced the song's message of peace and brotherhood. When they first presented it to Walt, they played it as a slow ballad. Walt requested something more cheerful, so they sped up the tempo and sang in counterpoint. Walt was so delighted with the final result that he renamed the attraction "It's a Small World" after the Sherman Brothers' song.

text: Robert J. Sherman, youngest son of Robert B. Sherman, has claimed that this song is the single most-performed and most-translated piece of music on Earth.[8] In 2014, it was estimated that the song had played nearly 50 million times worldwide on the attractions alone, beating out the radio and TV estimates for You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' and Yesterday, which were believed to have been played at least eight and seven million times respectively.[10][11]

text: A third verse celebrating the attraction's 45th anniversary was written and popularized, but not incorporated into the ride.[12] In 1965, an album of folk songs from around the world, that included the title track, "It's a Small World (After All)", was recorded by the St. Charles Boys Choir under the direction of Paul Salamunovich using the name, "The Disneyland Boys Choir". It is available for purchase in the theme park.[citation needed]

text: Global installations[edit]

text: 1964 New York World's Fair[edit]

text: The first incarnation of It's a Small World, which debuted at the 1964 New York World's Fair, was an afterthought and nearly did not happen. Ford and General Electric had engaged Disney early on to create their pavilions for the 1964 New York World's Fair. WED Enterprises had already long been at work developing a "dancing-doll" designed to reproduce human movement resulting in a crude early audio-animatronics fashioned as Abraham Lincoln when the State of Illinois approached Disney to create the Illinois Pavilion, representatives of the state instantly approved after being "introduced" to the robotic figurehead. A nine wide-screen CircleVision 360° exhibit for Kodak's pavilion was also being planned as an improvement over the existing Disneyland eleven 4:3 format screen Circarama (which later failed the installation deadline for opening) when Pepsi approached Disney with a plan to tribute UNICEF.

text: Disney seemed to be the showman to give us the package we want ... He's terrific. He's got his hands in more bowls than anyone I've ever seen, but he accomplishes what he sets out to do. — J.G. Mullaly, Ford's World's Fair program manager.[13]

text: The attraction was incredibly successful. Ten million 60¢ and 95¢ tickets for children and adults, respectively, were collected in two half-year seasons and the proceeds were donated to UNICEF.[14] While other attractions had lines out the doors, there seemed to always be a seat available aboard It's a Small World. Its high rider-per-hour capacity was recognized as a valuable innovation and was incorporated indirectly and directly into future attractions. Pirates of the Caribbean had been under construction at Disneyland as a subterranean walk-through. That design was scrapped as concrete was broken out so similar boats could sail past scenes which (because the original walk-through scene length was not shortened) were now different each voyage, another concept which forever influenced attraction design and popularity.[citation needed]

text: Disneyland[edit]

text: The boats enter the show building through a tunnel under the Small World clock and emerge from the attraction fifteen minutes later. The show building interior is larger than the façade. Voyagers see animatronic dolls in traditional local costumes singing "It's a Small World (After All)" together, each in their native language. Boats carry voyagers as they visit the regions of the world.

text: Other Disney park installations wind the flume around one large room, emphasizing its theme that the world is small and interconnected. Each installation may vary the countries which are represented and the order in which they appear. The boats are stored behind the facade and go in and out backstage in between the Spanish room.

text: Exterior[edit]

text: The Tower of the Four Winds was not relocated to Disneyland's It's a Small World after the New York World's Fair; in its place is an outdoor oval flume and boarding queue decorated with topiary backed by a large, flat facade with stylized cutout turrets, towers and minarets which are vaguely reminiscent of world landmarks (such as the Eiffel Tower and the Leaning Tower of Pisa). The facade was designed by Disney Imagineer Rolly Crump, who was inspired by Mary Blair's styling. Walt Disney asked Rolly to design a large 30-foot clock, a central feature of the exterior facade, with a smiling face that rocks back and forth to a ticking sound.

text: A parade of wooden dolls in native culture costumes dance out from doors at the base of the Small World clock to an instrumental toy soldier version of "It's a Small World (After All)" in preparation for each quarter-hour, reminiscent of a European automaton clock. As the last doll returns into the clock, the parade doors close and the large central pair of doors open to reveal two giant toy blocks – the large block displays stylized numerals of the hour, the small one displays the minutes, while large and small bells toll to count the hours and quarters.

text: The exterior has been subtly repainted over the years, first as all-white with a gold/silver trim, then in various shades of blue, then in pink and white with pastel accents. Portions of the left side of the original facade were removed in 1993 to make room for the entrance to Mickey's Toontown. As of 2015, the facade is white with a gold trim as it was in 1966, except the original gold and silver paint of the clock, the smiling clock face, is now entirely gold leaf. The gardens around the building are decorated with topiary animals.

text: During the 2005–2006 holiday season, an elaborate multimedia presentation was projected on the outdoor façade which registered colored patterns matched to the façade each quarter-hour after dusk. Guests were encouraged to view the popular Remember... Dreams Come True fireworks presentation from the It's a Small World Mall and nearby parade viewing platform built for Light Magic (which had included a smoking area, now relocated under the Monorail track between the Matterhorn Bobsleds and Autopia) to decrease overwhelming crowds gathered for viewing the fireworks spectacular in Plaza and Main Street.

text: Refurbishment with new dolls[edit]

text: Disneyland's "It's a Small World" was closed from January to November 2008 (closed and reopening in holiday version, skipping the summer season) to receive a major refurbishment.[15][16][17] The building's structure was improved, permanent attachments created for the "It's a Small World Holiday" overlay, the water flume replaced and its propulsion upgraded to electric water jet turbines, and the attraction's aging fiberglass boats redesigned in durable plastic. The refurbishment added 29 new Disney characters, each in their native land in a similar manner to the Hong Kong Disneyland version.

text: Sylvania has agreed to a twelve-year sponsorship. In 2014, the sponsor logo at the attraction's entrance changed to that of Siemens, the parent company of Sylvania.

text: The Magic, the Memories and You[edit]

text: As part of Disney's "Let the Memories Begin" campaign for 2011, a nighttime projection show premiered at Disneyland's It's a Small World in Anaheim on January 27, 2011.[18] The Magic, the Memories and You show projected sequences of classic Disney attractions and characters set to Disney music onto the exterior façade of It's a Small World to fill its architectural features, personalized with exclusive photographs and videos of park guests taken that day by Disney's PhotoPass cast members. The show also existed in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, but was projected onto Cinderella Castle. As the "Let the Memories Begin" campaign drew to a close, the show ended its run on Labor Day, September 3, 2012 at both locations. The Florida version was eventually replaced by Once Upon a Time

text: Magic Kingdom[edit]

text: On October 1, 1971, a version of the ride opened in Florida's Walt Disney World Fantasyland within the Magic Kingdom. The boarding queue was built inside, and the three-dimensional facade that is seen outdoors in the other Disney parks was instead located in a slightly smaller scale along the far wall. The clock lacks the parade of wooden dolls, and instead goes straight to opening the central pair of doors to reveal the time. The toy company Mattel sponsored the attraction from 1988 until 1998, when it transferred its sponsorship to another Magic Kingdom attraction, Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin in nearby Tomorrowland from that attraction's opening in 1998 until 1999, when it also dropped its sponsorship of that attraction, thus ending Mattel's history as a Walt Disney World sponsor.

text:
Magic Kingdom version

Hula dancers representing Hawaii

Dancers representing Thailand

French dancers from the final scene

Magic Kingdom Small World clock

Eiffel Tower in line

Clock, wooden soldier detail

text: Tokyo Disneyland[edit]

text: The Tokyo Disneyland version of the attraction is identical to the Magic Kingdom version except for these differences:

text:
The façade's design is an almost-complete replica of the California counterpart under a different color scheme.
The loading area is split into two zones instead of one.
The Asian room features radically different sets and dolls for Japan and China compared to the Magic Kingdom version.
The ride uses a different, more recent recording of the song sung in Japanese specifically created for this version instead of the original Japanese recording.
The walls of the African, South American, and Polynesian rooms are painted in colors similar to the Magic Kingdom version before its 2005 renovation compared to the current black walls in the Magic Kingdom version.
The African and Polynesian rooms have vocals singing in English.
The finale is sung in Japanese.
The Goodbye Room is shorter than the one in Florida.

text: 2017 refurbishment[edit]

text: On March 1, 2017, Tokyo Disneyland's version of "It's a Small World" closed down for refurbishment for its first major update since the park's opening in 1983. Reopening on April 15, 2018[19] coinciding with Tokyo Disneyland's 35th anniversary, the attraction will feature 40 characters from Disney properties including Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan, The Aristocats, The Little Mermaid, Aladdin, The Lion King, Mulan, Tangled, Frozen, and Moana similar to its counterparts in California and Hong Kong.[20][21]

text: The attraction was initially set to be relocated to another area in Fantasyland with a new facade similar to the California counterpart as part of original expansion plans announced in October 2014 for the resort within the next ten years before being revised and updated.[22]

text: Disneyland Paris[edit]

text: The attraction at Disneyland Paris is a departure from other versions of the attraction. The façade features rearranged and slightly redesigned landmarks with a completely different clock tower. The exterior clock face features a wide-awake sun on its left half and a sleeping moon on its right half. Unlike all other versions of the ride, every scene is housed in one room with arches being used to define sections of the ride. The scenery design is a complete departure from Mary Blair's distinctive style, though the dolls used remain identical to all other versions. The ride also uses a completely different soundtrack composed by John Debney (which was also used for roughly a decade at the Californian version from the early 1990s to the early 2000s), which can be described as more ornate compared to the original soundtrack. This is the first version of the ride to incorporate a scene for North America with dolls representing Canada and the United States, and a distinct Middle Eastern section with dolls singing in Arabic. In the Finale room, in addition to the song being sung in English, it is also sung in French and German. Also, the attraction had a post-show area called World Chorus that was sponsored by France Télécom, which opened with the park in 1992 and then closed in 2010 to make way for the Princess Pavilion meet and greet area.[23]

text: 2015 refurbishment[edit]

text: As part of an ongoing plan to refurbish several attractions for the park's 25th anniversary, this version went under an extensive refurbishment for six months before it reopened on December 19, 2015. The refurbishment included a different color scheme for the façade that is identical to the color scheme when it first opened, restored assets and special effects, refurbished boats, new LED lighting to replace the old stage lighting, and all 176 dolls in the ride being progressively replaced through 2017. The entrance and exit rooms have been completely revamped, being identical to the entrance scene in Hong Kong Disneyland's version and the exit scene in the Magic Kingdom and Hong Kong Disneyland versions (rendered in the Mary Blair style similar to the other parks). The soundtrack has been completely remastered with the base instrumental removed from the majority of the ride's audio except for the finale, making the soundtrack more similar to the original version. Additionally, new audio tracks are added including a new recording of someone yodeling to the tune of the song in the Switzerland scene.[24]

text: Hong Kong Disneyland[edit]

text: The Hong Kong Disneyland version of the attraction is mostly modeled after the original Disneyland counterpart, using a canal for the boats to travel through instead of the open-ended water track found in the Magic Kingdom, Tokyo, and Paris versions. Some of this version's prominent and unique characteristics include:

text:
38 Disney characters (all rendered in the Mary Blair style) added to scenes where their stories originated[25]
An expanded Asia sequence with the Philippines and Korea represented with children singing in Tagalog and Korean, respectively, as well as an extended China scene with Hong Kong represented and children singing in Mandarin and Cantonese
A distinct Middle Eastern room, and scenes for North America, similar to the Paris version
Extraordinary fiber-optic lighting effects in the Finale room not seen on any other Disney attraction[26]
Cantonese, Korean, Mandarin, and Tagalog versions of the song that were specifically recorded for Hong Kong Disneyland. The finale is sung in three languages: Cantonese, English and Mandarin.

text: The attraction is the largest indoor attraction at Hong Kong Disneyland. It is situated beyond the Hong Kong Disneyland Railroad, next to Disney's Storybook Theater where Mickey and the Wondrous Book is performed daily.

text: Holiday overlay[edit]

text: Since 1997, Disneyland has featured "It's a Small World holiday" during the end-of-the-year Christmas and holiday season. The attraction is closed in late October to receive temporary holiday decorations inside and outside, and reopens in early November before the start of the busy holiday tourist season. Almost one million lights are included during the holidays.[27] The overlay has proved very popular and at one point during its run needed the use of Fastpass machines (which have since been removed). The attraction is the same boat voyage through many regions of the world, though the main theme song is not played in full. Instead, the children sing "Jingle Bells" and a bridge of "Deck the Halls" in addition to the main theme. The holiday overlay has since been implemented at Tokyo Disneyland with similar decorations.

text: Since the holiday 2009 season, the Disney characters and The Spirit of America room (formerly the covered transition room) have joined in the "It's a Small World holiday" at Disneyland.

text: Disneyland Paris' version used to add subtle decorations around the attraction and changed the music in the North American area to "Deck The Halls". For the 2009 winter season, Disneyland Paris has added "It's a Small World celebration", a variation of "It's a Small World holiday" highlighting winter season frolic shared by people worldwide. It includes new costumes, lighting, sounds, decorations and uses the Disneyland (California) version "It's a Small World holiday" music – Jingle Bells, Deck the Halls. Following the 2015 renovation, "It's a Small World celebration" was planned to use an updated soundtrack originally set for Winter 2016.[28] However, it was delayed for unknown reasons. “It’s a Small World celebration” resumed once again for the 2017 holiday season, featuring the updated soundtrack revealing that the base instrumental for the soundtrack was removed for every scene except the North America and finale scenes, similar to the non-holiday soundtrack.

text: Hong Kong Disneyland's "It's a Small World Christmas" changes the music seasonally and subtly adds a few Christmas decorations as well as an abridged version of the Holiday soundtrack, only ran from 2009-10.

text: Tokyo Disneyland also has a version of "It's a Small World holiday" called "It's a Small World Very Merry Holidays". It ran seasonally from November to January from 2003 to 2014. Due to damaged set pieces as a result of the 2011 earthquake, the overlay did not take place that year.

text: The Magic Kingdom does not have its own holiday edition of "It's a Small World", and the regular ride operates continuously through the holiday season.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Film[edit]

text: Feature film appearances[edit]

text:
In the Disney film The Lion King (1994), Scar tells Zazu to sing something "with a little bounce in it." Zazu sings "It's a Small World" and Scar reacts very negatively to it and stops him from finishing the song which he clearly despises.
On April 22, 2014, it was announced that a feature film franchise about the ride was in the works, to be directed by Jon Turteltaub, written by Jared Stern, and produced by Turteltaub, Stern, and Dan Lin. No release date has been announced.[29]
The Disney film Tomorrowland, released in May 2015, features the It's a Small World attraction at the 1964 New York World's Fair. In the film, it is portrayed as concealing a hidden entrance to Tomorrowland, accessible by possession of a "T" pin.
A parody of the park ride, named "It's a Boko (ボコ; "Beat-Up") World", appears in the anime movie Girls und Panzer der Film, its theme altered to match the fictional Boko franchise from the accompanying TV series.

text: Television[edit]

text:
In The Simpsons episode "Selma's Choice", Selma, Bart, and Lisa ride on a parody of It's a Small World at Duff Gardens, with a song about Duff Beer. Though this hasn't been a written incident at any "Small World" attraction, Bart and Selma force Lisa to drink the water which turns out to be beer.
In the Sons of Anarchy season 5 episode "Small World", Jax uses a musical "It's a Small World" snow globe to beat a prison guard to death as revenge for killing Opie.
In the Family Guy episode "The Courtship of Stewie's Father", Stewie is captured by Disney World employees and forced to sing at the "It's a Tiny World" ride, which is modeled after It's a Small World.
In an episode of My Life as a Teenage Robot the song is mocked.

text: Toys[edit]

text:
Mattel released a line of dolls based on the ride in 1993.
Disney Store released a line of dolls based on the ride in 2013.[30]

text: Video games[edit]

text: In Epic Mickey, Wasteland had its own vision of the ride. The Clock Tower also serves as a boss, having been driven mad after hearing "It's a Small World" for 52 years.

text: In 1992 Epic Megagames "Super ZZT", Volume Seven, Monster Zoo; after finishing the first level, a Chiptune version can be heard.

text: Transport[edit]

text: This song is the Departure melody of platform 2 of Maihama Station.


document_title: Wikipedia:Nationality of people from the United Kingdom

question_text: what do u call a person from the uk

question_tokens: what do u call a person from the uk

root

text: Constituent countries of the UK[edit]

text: The United Kingdom[edit]

text: The United Kingdom (in full, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is made up of four constituent countries or nations, also called the Home Nations:

tag: p

text:
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales

tag: ul

text: Under British law, these four countries are an equal union, sharing a common British citizenship. The term "Britain" here means "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". A UK passport describes its holder as a "British citizen". According to British nationality law all citizens of the UK have British nationality.[2] This has been so since the Acts of Union 1707,[3] in which, after negotiations for a union treaty ended in July 1706, the acts were ratified by both the parliaments of England and Scotland.[4] "Great Britain" strictly speaking means the island comprising England, Scotland and Wales, and thus does not include Northern Ireland, so it is not the same as "Britain".

text: David Cameron, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, commented as follows after the 2015 general election:

text: Governing with respect means recognising that the different nations of our United Kingdom have their own governments, as well as the United Kingdom government. Both are important, and indeed with our plans, the governments of these nations will become more powerful, with wider responsibilities.[5]

text: Northern Ireland: dual citizenship[edit]

text: People born in Northern Ireland are generally entitled to Irish citizenship by right (Irish citizenship being a fundamental "entitlement" that extends to almost all born on the island). This automatically allows for dual British and Irish citizenship.

text: The Crown dependencies[edit]

text: There are three Crown dependencies that are part of the British Isles but are not part of the United Kingdom. As they are possessions of the British Crown they are not sovereign nations in their own right, but they are governed by their own legislative assemblies. The Crown dependencies and the United Kingdom are collectively known as the "British Islands".

text: The Crown dependencies are:

text:
the Isle of Man (a self-governing dependency); and
the Channel Islands comprising:

Bailiwick of Guernsey (including Alderney, Sark, and smaller islets); and
Bailiwick of Jersey.

text: Citizens of the Crown dependencies are officially classed as British citizens, but as with citizens of the Home Nations, the accuracy of the appellation regarding each person should be verified.

text: Celtic identity within Britain and Ireland[edit]

text: The islands first collectively identified as the Prettanic or Brettanic Islands (Βρεττανικαὶ νῆσοι) or as αἱ Βρεττανιαι (literally "the Britains") were peopled by tribes the ancient Greeks called the Πρεττανοί, later Bρεττανοί. These islands included Ierne (Ireland) inhabited by the "Hiberni", and the larger insula Albionum, "island of the Albions", which was later named Great Britain after the Roman province of Britannia.[6]

text: Much of Britain used Common Brittonic or related languages, then invasions in medieval times introduced the Germanic Anglo-Frisian languages which developed into modern Scots and English.

text: In 1707 Welsh scholar Edward Lhuyd identified relationships between the earlier languages and those of the Celts of continental Europe, and grouped them together in what he called Celtic languages though the term Celt had not previously been used with reference to inhabitants of Britain and Ireland.

text: A modern Celtic identity then developed in the course of Celtic Revival movements, and concepts of ethnic nationalism led to the Celtic nations being identified as territories in Northern and Western Europe where Celtic languages or cultural traits were still evident to some extent.

text:
Branch
Area
Name of Celtic people
Language
Celtic culture
Example of use

Gaelic

Northern Ireland
Irish, Ulster Scots
Irish, Ulster Scots
Irish is taught in Northern Ireland (where 10% "have some knowledge"). Ulster Scots language officially recognised as culturally significant.
Seamus Heaney (Irish), James Fenton (Ulster Scots)

Scotland
Scottish
Scottish Gaelic
Around 60,000 Scottish people speak Scottish Gaelic (1%). Today, these are largely confined to the Hebridean Islands.
Sorley MacLean (Gaelic), Robert Burns (Scots)

Isle of Man
Manx
Manx
The Isle of Man is a self-governing Crown dependency in the Irish Sea, situated between northern England and Northern Ireland. Although the Manx language is no longer commonly spoken, a hybrid form of Manx English is widely used—which contains many original Manx words.
Thomas Edward Brown

Brythonic

Wales
Welsh
Welsh
Welsh is spoken by 600,000 people (20% of the population), and Wales is bilingually sign-posted.
Alan Llwyd

Cornwall
Cornish
Cornish
The county of Cornwall is the south-western peninsula-tip of the United Kingdom. The Cornish language and culture has undergone a renaissance in recent years. It is spoken by 3,500 people.
Richard Trevithick

tag: table

text: Historically, Brittany, the Celtic subnational part of France in the Armorica peninsula, was at one point a unified kingdom with Cornwall in southeast Britain. In earlier times, various other Celtic peoples and nations have existed within the present Celtic ethic homelands, and outside them. It is generally unhelpful, and sometimes outright incorrect, to identify them with modern national or subnational terms. For example, the Iceni were not an English Celtic tribe, or a Celtic tribe in England; they were a Celtic tribe in pre-Roman and Roman Britain, and were located in what today is Norfolk, England.

text: Timeline (with historical examples)[edit]

text: Union did not always come peacefully for the countries involved. It happened first in the 16th century between England and Wales, during the Welsh-descended Tudor dynasty. In the 18th century, a century after a Tudor-connected Scottish Stuart King also became King of England, the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed. Political union happened with Ireland in 1801, several centuries after it was conquered by England: this led to the United Kingdom comprising Great Britain and the island of Ireland. The current United Kingdom comprises Great Britain and Northern Ireland, after Ireland achieved independence.

text:
Year
Event
Event-related nationality
Example of use

43–300
Roman invasion of Britannia. Britain, or Great Britain is often used for Britannia. The terms Ancient Briton or "Brythons" can be used for its people, who have been grouped linguistically with European Celtic tribes.

Britons, British
Boudica

300–900
Scotland north of the Forth–Clyde line. People from Fortriu can be called Picts; people from Dál Riata Gaels. It is acceptable to call people from Dál Riata Scots before 900, but this must be piped to either Scoti or Gaels, not Scottish people. Pictish people before c. 900 should not be called "Scots".

Pictish[a]
Nechtan Morbet

Gaelic[a]
Áedán mac Gabráin

300–1200
Scotland south of Forth before the 1200s (excluding Galloway c.900–1230s). Originally entirely British, English culture spread from the south-east. People from this region can be called British (or Cumbrian, etc.) or English (or Anglo-Saxon, etc.) depending on their ethnicity. They should not be called Scottish in this period. Note also that in the period 1000–1200s Gaelic Scots, Norse-Gaels, Normans (or Anglo-Normans, etc.) and Flemings come into the region and are born there, without having any obvious standard ethnic identification.

British
Run of Alt Clut, Owen the Bald

English
Cuthbert of Lindisfarne, Heathored

Norman
Richard de Morville, William de Brus

Gaelic
Gillemachoi

c.900–c.1230s
Galloway & Carrick in the High Middle Ages. People from this region should not be called Scottish in this period.

Galwegian, Gallovidian, etc.[b]
Gille Aldan, Gille Ruadh, Uhtred of Galloway

500–1707
Consolidation of England. English is often used for the Heptarchy of Anglo Saxon kingdoms that came to be known as "England" sometime in the 10C.

English
Alfred the Great

Early Middle Ages
Dumnonia a.k.a. West Wales. Before the 8th century Dumnonia was a separate Celtic state but was conquered by Wessex during the expansion of Anglo Saxon England; subsequently it has formed England's West Country.

Brythons
Erbin of Dumnonia

antiquity to present
Cornwall. Before the 10th century Cornwall was a separate entity and not part of England; because of a Celtic tradition and kinship that has endured in the county, a Cornish person may well not consider themselves English.

Cornish or Cornovii (pre-Roman)
Tristan

500–1283
Consolidation of Wales. Welsh is generally used; British and Briton used in contexts into the Later Middle Ages. 1283 sees the conquest of Wales by Edward I

Welsh (or British, Briton, per above)
Hywel Dda

c.900–1200s
High Medieval Scotland. Both Scottish, and Scots, should only be used for people north of the Forth–Clyde line, as the area to the south was not thought of as Scotland until the later 13th century.

Scottish, Scots
Dub mac Maíl Coluim, Crínán of Dunkeld, Óengus of Moray, Edgar of Scotland, Máel Ísu I

1200s–1707
Consolidation of Scotland. Both Scottish, and Scots (though as with England from 1066, avoid calling first or second generation Norman incomers Scottish)

Scottish, Scots
Robert the Bruce, John of Islay, Earl of Ross, John Barbour, David Leslie

1066
Norman conquest of England. The Norman conquest of England significantly changed the course of English history. The Normans gradually became naturalised, as did Normandy itself with France.

Norman
Gerald of Wales, Strongbow

1169
Norman invasion of Ireland. Following the invasion, a series of unexpected events causes central authority in Ireland to fall into union with the English Crown. However, despite Gaelic Ireland losing central authority, the English Crown was unable to consolidate authority effectively, leading to a centuries-long power struggle.

Anglo-Irish

1536
Integration of England and Wales. Welsh Law is abolished and Wales is integrated through the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542.

English
Shakespeare

Welsh
Robert Recorde

1540 – mid-1600s
Tudor conquest of Ireland, Plantation of Ulster. The Gaelic order in Ireland collapses following protracted war with England and central English authority is consolidated in Ireland. A hundred thousand English and Scottish settlers are "planted" in Ulster to quash resistance in the province, sowing communal differences that underlie the modern conflict in Northern Ireland.

English

Welsh

Scots Irish

Irish

1707
Union between England and Scotland. The Kingdom of Great Britain was created. The term "British" came into common usage.

British
Charles Dickens

Scottish
Walter Scott

1801
Union between Great Britain and Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created.

British
Benjamin Disraeli

Irish
Oscar Wilde, James Joyce

1921–22
Creation of Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State (later the Republic of Ireland). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was created. (See § Northern Ireland: dual citizenship above.)

Northern Irish
George Best

Ulstermen/women
Ian Paisley

present-day
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. All uses for present-day citizens.

British
(See § Present-day UK nationality (examples of use) below.)

English

Irish

Northern Irish

Scottish

Welsh

text: Present-day UK nationality (examples of use)[edit]

text: Editors have strongly opposing ideas on the relative importance of the appellations "British", "English", "Northern Irish", "Scottish" and "Welsh".

text: Various different methods of referring to a UK citizen's nationality have been adopted, including:

text:
Name and title
Nationality
Note

Jane Smith
is a British chef...
who happens to be English.

John Brown
is an English lyricist...
who writes about English life.

Liam O'Connor
was a Belfast-born footballer...
who is an "expatriate" from Northern Ireland, perhaps.

Muira McClair
is a British politician from Scotland...
who is part of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

Dafydd Gruffudd
was a Welsh author...
who happened to write in English, rather than Welsh.

David Tanner
(born on 13 June 1955 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland) is a football pundit...
who has only his birth country mentioned.

Tommy Arrow
is a UK comedian...
Occurs occasionally, but is considered by many to be a lazy option.

text: No variation is particular to any one nationality. Individuals may identify more closely with being "British" or with being "English", "Irish, "Northern Irish", "Scottish" or "Welsh", for example (see British people § Classification).

text: Some indicators of acceptance of English/Scottish/Welsh/Northern Irish nationality[edit]

text: There is much debate about the meaning of 'nationality'. Some claim that it has only the narrow meaning of being a citizen of a sovereign state. However, the dictionary definition states "the status of belonging to a particular nation". This raises the question of whether England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are nations. Confirmation that they are has been provided by a number of prominent Unionist leaders. Prior to the 2014 Independence Referendum, Prime Minister David Cameron said: "The United Kingdom is not one nation. We are four nations in a single country. That can be difficult, but it is wonderful. Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland, different nations, with individual identities competing with each other even at times enraging each other while still being so much stronger together. We are a family of nations.".[7] Former Prime Minister Gordon Brown said "The vote tomorrow is not about whether Scotland is a nation; we are, yesterday, today, and tomorrow."[8] A May 2015 quote from David Cameron has been mentioned above.

text: Another indication of official acceptance of the concept of Scottish nationality can be found on the website of the Court of the Lord Lyon (a part of the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service[9] with both criminal and civil jurisdiction). This states, when referring to the Saltire or Scottish flag: "this is the correct flag for all Scots or Scottish corporate bodies to fly to demonstrate their loyalty and their Scottish nationality".[10] (The same statement is to be found, attributed to the Scottish Parliament Public Information Service in 2002, recorded on a commercial website which was archived in May 2006.[11] Both dates precede May 2007 when the Scottish National Party first formed the Scottish administration.)

text: The word "national" is often applied to institutions within the nations of England, Scotland and Wales, some of these are 'official' institutions, others are non-government related organisations but with accepted national status. Some examples of such institutions are:

text: England English National Ballet, English National Opera, National Coal Mining Museum for England,

text: Scotland Scottish National Gallery, Royal Scottish National Orchestra, Scottish National War Memorial, National Trust for Scotland, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Scottish National Jazz Orchestra, National Museum of Scotland, National Records of Scotland, National Theatre of Scotland

text: Wales Welsh National Opera, National Assembly for Wales, The National Eisteddfod of Wales, National Museum Wales, National Botanic Garden of Wales, National Theatre Wales, National Library of Wales ,

text: Such usage may be considered as both official and popular recognition that each of the constituent countries has the status of a nation.

text: The census held throughout the UK in 2011 recorded information on the chosen national identity of each respondent. A separate census was carried out for each of England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The results clearly show that in no part of the UK do the majority of the population self-identify as British, but as English, Welsh, Scottish or Irish etc.

text: Guide to finding UK nationality[edit]

text: The following guide is designed to help find the right "opening paragraph" nationality for a UK citizen's biography.

text:
When looking for available evidence (perhaps through biographies, encyclopedias and news articles), bear in mind that there is often no consensus across the UK, and many conflicting examples can exist for any one person. Often, however, a clear national preference can arise (e.g.: Sean Connery is widely referred to as a Scottish actor).
Bear in mind too that non-UK media can make simplistic (and erroneous) assumptions about UK citizens: some use only British or English to describe them.
Look specifically for evidence that the person has a preferred nationality. You may wish to refer to the evidence in a footnote. The writer Iris Murdoch considered herself to be Irish, though some feel she was perhaps wrong to do so:[12] the consensus on Wikipedia was once to call her "Dublin-born", but the first paragraph of her article now describes her as British.

text: Sport[edit]

text: For sportspeople, their nationality is usually described by the national team that they qualify to represent or, in individual sports, the national sports association or federation with which they are registered.

text: In the UK, there are generally three different ways of organising national teams:

text:
The United Kingdom competing as a whole
Ireland competing as a whole island (e.g. Republic of Ireland + Northern Ireland) and a Great Britain team representing the rest of the United Kingdom
Separate teams for each home nation. Ireland may compete as a whole island, or there may be separate teams for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland

tag: ol

text: There may be variations and complications in following this rule – in cricket, for example, there is one team for England and Wales (usually called "England"), one for Scotland, and one for Ireland; however, as neither Scotland nor Ireland play test cricket, the best players from these nations often represent England. If in doubt, follow the standards for a particular sport.

text: Changing an existing UK nationality[edit]

text: It cannot be called "wrong" to change an existing nationality (e.g.: Welsh to British, or British to Irish) provided a sufficient connection exists.

text: Before making a change:

text:
Consider why the existing nationality was chosen.
Examine the article for details that support the existing label.
Look for existing consensus on the discussion page, and in any archives that may be present.
Conduct research to be certain your choice is preferable (you can consult the guide above).

text: Sometimes no single "correct" choice exists. Is your change actually for the better? An editor may query you, or revert your choice—so be prepared to explain your decision.

text: Above all, be civil, assume good faith and respect other people's points of view. It is of course OK to "be bold" and apply your choice, but remember that strong feelings surround UK identity, and firm disagreement may arise!

text: Do not enforce uniformity[edit]

text: It is not possible to create a uniforming guideline, when such strong disagreement exists on the relative importance of the labels.

text: Re-labelling nationalities on grounds of consistency—making every UK citizen "British", or converting each of those labelled "British" into their constituent nationalities—is strongly discouraged. Such imposed uniformity cannot, in any case, be sustained.

text: Cannot decide?[edit]

text: If you are still uncertain how your UK citizen's nationality is best labelled, you may wish to follow this course of action:

text:
Look at what others have done in comparable articles.
Post a message asking for advice or assistance on the talk page, and/or on relevant WikiProjects and notice boards.
Consider simply leaving the matter to someone who has a better feeling for it.
When an idea of nationality exists, consider deferring to that view.

text: Do not "edit war"![edit]

text: Be aware that "edit warring" with other editors by repeatedly changing the text of an article to suit your views is against Wikipedia policy, and may lead to action being taken against you by Wikipedia administrators.

text: WikiProjects and notice boards[edit]

text:
UK Wikipedians' notice board
WikiProject England
WikiProject Northern Ireland
WikiProject Ireland
Scottish Wikipedians' notice board
WikiProject Wales


document_title: Camilla Luddington

question_text: when does jo come into grey's anatomy

question_tokens: when does jo come into grey 's anatomy

text: Camilla Luddington

text: Early life[edit]

text: Luddington was born in Ascot, Berkshire, on 15 December 1983. She later attended The American School In England at Thorpe in Surrey. She moved to suburban Austin, Texas for a year when she was fourteen.[citation needed] She completed her education at the American School in England in July 2002.[1]

text: When she was nineteen, Luddington enrolled in Susquehanna University[2] in Pennsylvania. However, she had not visited the university before she arrived as a student, and after six months she left and transferred to the New York Film Academy.[3] In 2003 she was part of the school's first one-year acting class program.[4] After training as an actor, Luddington then returned to England before moving to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting.

text: Career[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text: Luddington had the lead role as Kate in William & Kate: The Movie (2011), then in 2013 appeared in the film The Pact IIwhere she was potrayed a role of cartoonist.[5] In 2015, she joined the cast of The Healer as Cecilia, starring with Oliver Jackson-Cohen, Jonathan Pryce, Jorge Garcia and Kaitlyn Bernard.[6]

text: Television[edit]

text: Luddington has worked mainly in the United States.[7] In February 2011, the Daily Mail described her as "on the path to fame and fortune after being cast as Catherine Middleton in William & Kate: The Movie, a TV movie about the relationship between Prince William and Catherine "Kate" Middleton.[8] Luddington joined the cast of the Showtime comedy-drama series Californication for its fifth season, playing a nanny.[9] She also joined the cast of season five of the HBO vampire drama True Blood, as Claudette Crane, a faerie.[10] In July 2012, Luddington joined the cast of Grey's Anatomy as Dr. Jo Wilson in a recurring role. In June 2013 it was announced that she would be a series regular from season ten onward.[11] In October 2012, Camilla appeared on a Halloween special of E!'s popular fashion programme, Fashion Police, alongside a panel of Joan Rivers, Kelly Osbourne, George Kotsiopoulos and Kris Jenner.[citation needed]

text: Tomb Raider[edit]

text: In June 2012, Crystal Dynamics confirmed Luddington would voice Lara Croft in the video game Tomb Raider.[12][13][14][15] Luddington originally went into the audition for Lara thinking she was auditioning for a project called "Krypted" with a character called Sara.[16] In June 2014, it was revealed that a sequel was in production, titled Rise of the Tomb Raider, and Luddington confirmed on her Twitter account that she would be returning to voice and motion capture Lara in the new game.[17]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In October 2016 Luddington announced that she was expecting a baby girl with fellow actor Matthew Alan.[18] Their daughter Hayden Alan was born on April 11, 2017.[19] On December 31st, 2017, she and Matthew Alan got engaged.

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2007
Couple of White Chicks at the Hairdresser, AA Couple of White Chicks at the Hairdresser
Receptionist 2

2009
Behaving Badly
Flight Attendant

2010
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies: Dawn of the Dreadfuls
Jane Bennet
Video short

2010
Filming of Shakey Willis, TheThe Filming of Shakey Willis
Brooke
Video short

2011
William & Kate: The Movie
Kate Middleton

2014
Pact 2, TheThe Pact 2
June Abbott

2016
Healer, TheThe Healer
Cecilia

2017
Justice League Dark
Zatanna
Animated

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2010
Forgotten, TheThe Forgotten
Emma Clark / Jane Doe
Episode: "Train Jane"

2010
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
Claire
Episode: "Lost & Found"

2010
Days of Our Lives
Tiffany
1 episode

2010
Big Time Rush
Rebecca
Episode: "Big Time Concert"

2011
Defenders, TheThe Defenders
Talia
Episode: "Nevada v. Wayne"

2011
Accidentally in Love
Sandra
Movie

2011
William & Kate: The Movie
Catherine "Kate" Middleton
Movie

2011
Friends with Benefits
Woman
Episode: "The Benefit of Friends"

2012
Serving Time
Cammy
Episode: "Fresh Meet"

2012
Friend Me
Brandi
Unaired series

2012
Californication
Lizzie
10 episodes

2012
True Blood
Claudette
6 episodes

2012–
present
Grey's Anatomy
Dr. Josephine "Jo" Wilson/Brooke Stadler
Recurring in season 9
Main role: season 10-present

2013
Tomb Raider: The Final Hours – A Story of Survival
Herself / Lara Croft
Movie

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2013
Tomb Raider
Lara Croft
(voice and motion capture)

2015
Infinite Crisis
Supergirl, The Construct
(announcer, voice)[20][21][22]

2015
Rise of the Tomb Raider
Lara Croft
(voice and motion capture)


document_title: East Siberian taiga

question_text: where is the taiga located in latitude and longitude

text: East Siberian taiga

text: Setting[edit]

text: This vast ecoregion is located in the heart of Siberia, stretching over 20° of latitude and 50° of longitude[1] (52° to 72° N, and 80° to 130° E). The climate in the East Siberian taiga is subarctic (tropical deciduous and coniferous) and displays high continentality, with extremes ranging from 40 °C (104 °F) to −62 °C (−80 °F). Winters are long and very cold, but dry, with little snowfall due to the effects of the Siberian anticyclone. Summers are short, but can be quite warm for the northerly location.

text: Precipitation is low, ranging from 600 millimetres (24 in) to 200 millimetres (7.9 in), decreasing from east to west. The topography of this ecoregion is varied, consisting of wide, flat plains and areas of karst topography. In contrast to the neighbouring West Siberian taiga, large bogs and wetlands are conspicuously absent. Some trees also shed their leaves annually, a characteristic of deciduous forests.

text: Flora[edit]

text: Vegetation consists mainly of vast, dense forests of Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii), with Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica) and hybrid between the Dahurian and Siberian Larches (Larix x czekanowskii) occurring as one moves to the west. Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) bushes dominate the understory.

text: Throughout the ecoregion, smaller areas dominated by Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) can be found. Pine forests and deciduous forests composed of birch and poplar species become more common as one moves south, and at the headwaters of the Lena River and the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River, as well as in the Angara River basin, steppe and shrub-steppe communities can be found along with areas of forest-steppe.

text: Fauna[edit]

text: This region contains the highest number of brown bears (Ursus arctos collaris), Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus), moose (Alces alces) and wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Russia. Further south mammals in the East Siberian taiga include Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), wapiti also known as Asian elk (Cervus canadensis) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Birds of this ecoregion include the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), black stork (Ciconia nigra), hooded crane (Grus monacha), carrion crow (Corvus corone), the Siberian blue and rufous-tailed robins (Luscinia cyane and L. sibilans, respectively), the thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia), Pallas's rosefinch (Carpodacus roseus), Pacific swift (Apus pacificus) and Baikal teal (Anas formosa).

text: Conservation status, threats and protected areas[edit]

text: Although little of this ecoregion is protected, its conservation status is listed as "Relatively Stable/Intact". Protected areas in this ecoregion include:

text:
Stolby Nature Sanctuary
Olyokma Nature Reserve
Tunguska Nature Reserve
Central Siberia Nature Reserve

text: All are "Zapovedniks", (that is, strict ecological reserves). The main threats to this ecoregion's integrity are poaching and clear-cut logging in the southern and central portions of the region.

text: After the collapse of the Soviet Union, came a new threat. There are little forest in China, and Chinese entrepreneurs (due to the lack of woods, and fuelled by strong economic growth), began to show interest in obtaining the woods from RF. High levels of corruption and some other reasons allowed them to achieve their goal. There was adopted the Federal law 473-FZ, which protects the rights of foreign companies in RF, and Chinese lumberjacks began to destroy all the trees on the leased land (and far beyond too). There have been numerous attempts to deforestation in the protected floodplain of the rivers. Because of the large environmental damage, their activities caused protests of the local residents and the World Wide Fund for Nature[2][3]. The actions of the Chinese companies pose a threat to the native population of Siberia and the Far East (Evenks, Udege et al.), depriving them of their habitat and traditional ways of life. Total deforestation by Chinese companies creates an additional threat to rare and endangered species (Siberian tiger, Amur leopard, East Siberian brown bear et al.)[4].

text: Classification[edit]

text:
Palearctic boreal forests/taiga

v
t
e

East Siberian taiga
Russia

Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra
Iceland

Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests
Russia

Kamchatka-Kurile taiga
Russia

Northeast Siberian taiga
Russia

Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga
Russia

Sakhalin Island taiga
Russia

Scandinavian and Russian taiga
Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden

Trans-Baikal conifer forests
Mongolia, Russia

Urals montane tundra and taiga
Russia

West Siberian taiga
Russia

Romincka Forest
Poland, Russia


document_title: Fold mountains

question_text: where are fold mountains found in the world

text: Fold mountains

text: Formation[edit]

text: Fold mountains form when two tectonic plates move towards each other at a convergent plate boundary. Fold mountains form from sedimentary rocks that accumulate along the margins of continents. When plates and the continents riding on them collide, the accumulated layers of rock may crumple and fold like a tablecloth that is pushed across a table, particularly if there is a mechanically weak layer such as salt.[1] They are also present in south africa, in many regions of the Western cape province.

text: Examples[edit]

text:
The Jura mountains - A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges that formed by folding over a Triassic evaporite decollement due to thrust movements in the foreland of the Alps
The 'Simply Folded Belt' of the Zagros Mountains - A series of elongated anticlinal domes, mostly formed as detachment folds over underlying thrusts in the foreland of the Zagros collisional belt, generally above a basal decollement that formed in evaporite of the late Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian Hormuz Formation[1]
The Akwapim-Togo ranges in Ghana[2]
The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in the eastern part of United States.


document_title: Alabama Crimson Tide football under Nick Saban

question_text: who did alabama lose to this season in football

text: Overview[edit]

text: Hiring[edit]

text: After four seasons as head coach in which he compiled an overall record of 26[b]–23 (.531) on November 26, 2006, Mike Shula was fired as head coach of the Crimson Tide.[2][3] At the time of his firing, athletic director Mal Moore promoted defensive coordinator Joe Kines into the roll of interim head coach for the Independence Bowl and that the search for a permanent replacement would begin immediately.[2][3] At that time several current coaches were rumored to be in consideration for the position at Alabama, with Steve Spurrier of South Carolina and Saban of the Miami Dolphins thought to be the preferred candidates.[2][4] On November 27, Saban publicly stated he had not been contacted by Alabama and that he had no interest in leaving the Dolphins to become the head coach of the Crimson Tide.[5]

text: In early December, Moore made a preliminary offer to Saban's agent Jimmy Sexton to coach at Alabama for $5 million per season for seven years with a $7 million signing bonus.[6] At that time Saban also stated he had not personally interviewed at Alabama and told his players that he was not leaving.[6] After West Virginia head coach Rich Rodriguez turned down an offer to coach the Crimson Tide, speculation again focused on Saban. As the rumors persisted that he was prepared to take the Alabama job, on December 21 Saban stated "I guess I have to say it, I'm not going to be the Alabama coach" in an effort to stop the Alabama rumors.[7] After the Dolphins season ended, it was speculated again that Alabama was to offer their head coaching position to Saban.[8] On January 3, 2007, Saban officially resigned from the Dolphins and became the head coach of the Crimson Tide.[9] At that time he signed an eight-year contract worth a guaranteed $32 million to coach Alabama.[10]

text: First season[edit]

text: After his hiring, Saban worked to hire his first staff and complete his first recruiting class with the Crimson Tide. His staff did not include any of Shula's former staff, and Kevin Steele was hired as defensive coordinator and Major Applewhite as offensive coordinator.[11][12] On February 7, he landed his first recruiting class that was highly ranked by the major recruiting services in spite of having just over a month to complete it.[13] Anticipation for his first season continued to build through his first spring practices, and reached its peak when an overflow crowd of 92,138 attended the A-Day spring game on April 21.[14]

text: In Saban's debut as head coach, the Crimson Tide defeated Western Carolina for his first win at Alabama.[15] They followed that victory with his first road win at Vanderbilt and his first win over a ranked opponent against No. 16 Arkansas for a 3–0 record to open the season.[16][17] They entered the polls at the No. 16 position, but then lost in overtime at home against Georgia and in the River City Showdown at Jacksonville Municipal Stadium to Florida State.[18][19] Alabama rebounded with three consecutive wins over Houston on homecoming, at Ole Miss and at home over Tennessee.[20]

text: Prior to their game against the Vols, Antoine Caldwell, Marlon Davis, Glen Coffee, Marquis Johnson and Chris Rogers were suspended as a result of violating NCAA rules.[21] The violation was a result of a failure in the distribution system of textbooks that was deemed to be an improper benefits as defined by the NCAA.[22][23] After the NCAA reviewed the case, in June 2009 they determined all players that received the improper benefits to be retroactively ineligible.[22][23] As part of their penalty, the NCAA forced Alabama to vacate football victories that dated back to the 2005 season through the first five games of the 2007 season.[22][23]

text: After their victory over Tennessee, the Crimson Tide lost their four remaining regular season games. Against his former team LSU, the Crimson Tide lost to the eventual national champions in what was dubbed as the "Saban Bowl."[24] They followed that with a loss at Mississippi State and against Louisiana–Monroe in one of the bigger upsets of the 2007 season.[25] After their sixth consecutive loss to Auburn in the Iron Bowl, Alabama closed the season with a victory over Colorado in the Independence Bowl and finished the season with a winning record at 7-6 in Saban's first season.[26][27]

text: 2008 season[edit]

text: Looking to improve on their 7–6 record from the previous season, Alabama signed the top recruiting class as determined by a wide variety of selectors.[28][29] The class featured many players that were later drafted into the NFL and formed the foundation for their championship run from 2009 through 2012.[29] Players from the class included future first round draft picks Marcell Dareus, Julio Jones, Mark Barron, Dont'a Hightower, and Mark Ingram.[29] The Crimson Tide then completed spring practice with another large A-Day crowd before the season started later in the fall.[30]

text: The Crimson Tide opened the season ranked No. 24, and they defeated No. 9 Clemson in the inaugural Chick-fil-A College Kickoff to open the season.[31] They followed the victory with home wins over Tulane and WKU and won on the road over Arkansas before a much-hyped game at Georgia.[32][33] Ranked No. 8 and playing against the No. 3 Bulldogs in what was deemed a "blackout" game by Georgia head coach Mark Richt, the Crimson Tide took a 31–0 halftime lead en route to a 41–30 upset victory.[34][35] After their win, the Crimson Tide moved into the No. 2 ranking and then defeated Kentucky, Ole Miss, Tennessee and Arkansas State on homecoming to extend their record to 9–0.[36]

text: After No. 1 Texas lost to Texas Tech, the Crimson Tide achieved their first regular season No. 1 ranking in the AP Poll since the 1980 season and their first ever No. 1 Bowl Championship Series (BCS) ranking prior to their game at LSU.[37] In what was Saban's first game at Tiger Stadium since he resigned as LSU's coach after their 2004 season, the Crimson Tide defeated the Tigers 27–21 in overtime.[38] The victory over LSU also allowed the Crimson Tide to clinch the SEC West Division championship, and earned a spot in the SEC Championship Game.[38] Alabama then closed with wins over Mississippi State and Auburn, that ended their six-game losing streak in the Iron Bowl, and finished the regular season undefeated 12–0.[39] Although favored, a two touchdown rally led by Florida's Tim Tebow in the fourth quarter resulted in the Crimson Tide failing to capture the SEC championship and instead of playing for a national championship, they accepted an invitation to play in the Sugar Bowl.[40] Against an undefeated Utah team, Alabama was upset 31–17 and finished the season with an overall record of 12–2.[41]

text: First national championship[edit]

text: Although they reached their first BCS game since the 1999 season, Alabama looked improve for the 2009 season after they closed 2008 on a two-game losing streak after a 12–0 start to the year. Again, the Crimson Tide secured one of the top ranked recruiting classes for the third consecutive season in February 2009.[42] Just as in the previous year, the 2009 class included many players that played significant roles in their championship run. These players included first round NFL draft picks James Carpenter, Dre Kirkpatrick, Trent Richardson, D. J. Fluker, and Chance Warmack in addition to Eddie Lacy and AJ McCarron.[43] In the annual A-Day game, the Crimson team defeated the White team by a score of 14–7 before 84,050 fans at Bryant–Denny Stadium.[44]

text: For the second year in a row, Alabama opened the season at Atlanta in the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game. Against Virginia Tech, the Crimson Tide trailed at halftime, but an 18-point rally in the fourth quarter gave Alabama the 34–24 win.[45] After consecutive wins over non-conference Florida International and North Texas, the Crimson Tide defeated Arkansas 35–7 to open conference play at Bryant–Denny Stadium.[46] Alabama next went on a two-game road trip, defeated both Kentucky and Ole Miss and extended their record to 6–0.[47]

text: The Crimson Tide then returned home where they played South Carolina on homecoming. Against the Gamecocks, Mark Ingram had a career-high with 246 rushing yards and entered the Heisman Trophy conversation as he led Alabama to a 20–6 victory.[48] In their next game, a pair of Terrence Cody blocked field goals, one of which came as time expired, preserved a 12–10 win over rival Tennessee.[49] With a berth in the SEC Championship Game on the line, the Crimson Tide clinched the West division championship with a 24–15 victory LSU in their next game.[50] Alabama then closed the season with wins over Mississippi State, Chattanooga and Auburn and completed their second consecutive, undefeated regular season.[51]

text: In the SEC Championship Game, Alabama faced East division champion Florida for the second season in a row in a No. 1 versus No. 2 matchup. With both the conference championship and a berth in the 2010 BCS National Championship Game on the line, the Crimson Tide defeated the Gators 32–13 and won the SEC for the first time since 1999.[52] At the conclusion of the regular season, Mark Ingram won the first Heisman Trophy in Alabama history with the closest margin of victory in the history of the award over Toby Gerhart.[53] The Crimson Tide then closed the season with a 37–21 victory over Texas to finish a perfect 14-0 and recorded their first national championship since the 1992 season and their thirteenth overall in the history of the program.[54]

text: 2010 season[edit]

text: As the defending national champions, Alabama entered the 2010 season as the favorite to repeat and win their second national championship in as many years.[55] After again signing a highly rated recruiting class, the Crimson Tide opened the season in the No. 1 position in the polls.[55] Alabama then won their first five games over San Jose State, Penn State, Duke, Arkansas, and Florida and retained their unanimous No. 1 ranking.[56] However, in their sixth game, the Crimson Tide lost their first regular season game since the 2007 season when they were upset at South Carolina 35–21.[57]

text: They rebounded the next week with a 23–10 win over Ole Miss on homecoming and at Tennessee by a margin of 41–10 before their top ten matchup at LSU.[58] Against the Tigers, a late Stevan Ridley touchdown run set up by a 23-yard DeAngelo Peterson run on a fourth-down play gave LSU the upset victory and effectively ended the opportunity for an Alabama repeat of the national championship.[59] The Crimson Tide then defeated Mississippi State and Georgia State prior to their season finale against Auburn. With the No. 2 Tigers still in the national championship picture, Auburn overcame a 24–0 deficit and won 28–27 in what was the largest comeback in Iron Bowl history.[60] Alabama then closed the season with a 49–7 victory over Michigan State in the Capital One Bowl and finished with an overall record of 10–3.[61]

text: Second national championship[edit]

text: After a disappointing 2010 season in which they opened the year as a national title favorite and ended with three losses, the Crimson Tide looked to regain their championship form for the 2011 campaign. After again signing one of the top recruiting classes in the country, and going through spring practice, tragedy struck Tuscaloosa on April 27, 2011, when an EF4 rated tornado devastated the city.[62] The tornado resulted in the deaths of 43 people in the city, and the team later would dedicate their season to both the victims and survivors of the storm.[62]

text: The Crimson Tide opened the season with a 48–7 victory over Saban's alma mater, Kent State and then traveled to Beaver Stadium and defeated Penn State 27–11.[63] After a 41–0 shutout over North Texas, Alabama opened conference play with a 38–14 victory over Arkansas.[64] After they defeated Florida 38–10 at Gainesville, the Crimson Tide shutout Vanderbilt 34–0, and defeated both Ole Miss and Tennessee to set up a "Game of the Century" against LSU.[65][66]

text: Against the Tigers, neither team scored a touchdown and LSU won by a final score of 9–6 in overtime.[67] With the loss, Alabama dropped into the No. 3 BCS position prior to their game against Mississippi State. However, they regained the No. 2 ranking in all of the polls after Oklahoma State was upset by Iowa State, and they defeated the Bulldogs at Starkville.[68][69] Alabama then closed the regular season with wins over both Georgia Southern and Auburn and finished in second place in the West division behind LSU.[70]

text: After the Tigers won the SEC Championship Game, a rematch against the Crimson Tide became the likely pairing for the 2012 BCS National Championship Game. Alabama qualified for the BCS National Championship Game after they received a final BCS score of .942, just slightly ahead of Oklahoma State's BCS score of .933.[71] In their rematch against LSU at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, the Crimson Tide shutout the SEC champion Tigers 21–0 and captured Alabama's second BCS championship and 14th overall national championship.[72]

text: Third national championship[edit]

text: After they captured their second national championship in three years, Alabama again signed one of the nation's top recruiting classes in February 2012.[73] After they completed spring practice in April, the Crimson Tide entered the season with a No. 2 ranking and as a favorite to repeat as national champions.[74] Alabama opened the season with a 41–14 victory over Michigan in the Cowboys Classic.[75] After their win over the Wolverines, the Crimson Tide moved into the No. 1 ranking prior to their game against WKU that they won 35–0 in their home opener.[76] The next week, Alabama posted their second consecutive shutout with their 52–0 win at Arkansas to open conference play.[77] The Crimson Tide then returned to Tuscaloosa and defeated Florida Atlantic and Ole Miss prior to their first win over Missouri as conference foes at Faurot Field.[78]

text: Next Alabama defeated rival Tennessee 44–13 at Neyland Stadium and followed that with a 38–7 win over then undefeated and No. 13 ranked Mississippi State.[79] The Crimson Tide then defeated LSU at Tiger Stadium 21–17 when AJ McCarron threw a screen pass to T. J. Yeldon that he took 28-yards for the game-winning touchdown within the final minute of play.[80] However, the next week, Alabama suffered their only loss of the season when Texas A&M upset the Tide 29–24 in Tuscaloosa.[81]

text: After their loss to the Aggies, Alabama dropped into the No. 4 ranking for their 49–0 win over Western Carolina.[82] In the evening after their win over the Catamounts, Alabama moved back into the No. 2 position as a result of upset losses for both Kansas State and Oregon.[83] Alabama then closed the regular season with a 49–0 win over Auburn and captured the SEC West division title to play Georgia in the SEC Championship Game.[84] In the championship game, Alabama escaped with a 32–28 win after the Bulldogs were stopped inside the Crimson Tide's five-yard line as time expired and captured the SEC Championship and a berth in the BCS National Championship Game against Notre Dame.[85] In the BCS Championship Game, the Tide defeated the Irish 42–14 and captured their third national championship in four years and the schools 15th overall football championship.[1]

text: 2013 season[edit]

text: As the two-time defending national champions, Alabama entered the 2013 season as the favorite to repeat and win their third consecutive national championship and their fourth in five years.[86][87] After again signing a highly rated recruiting class, the Crimson Tide opened the season in the No. 1 position in the polls.[86][87] Alabama then won their first eleven games and retained their unanimous No. 1 ranking throughout.[88] The Crimson Tide opened the season with a victory over Virginia Tech in the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game at Atlanta.[89] After their first bye week Alabama traveled to Kyle Field where they defeated Texas A&M in a 49–42 shootout that saw the Aggies have the best offensive day against a Crimson Tide defense in the history of the program.[90]

text: The defense responded after the A&M game and did not allow a touchdown over the next 14-quarters in victories over Colorado State, Ole Miss, Georgia State and Kentucky.[91] After the touchdown-free streak ended, started a three-game homestand that saw Alabama shutout Arkansas and defeat both Tennessee and LSU in back-to-back rivalry games.[92][93][94] They next defeated Mississippi State and Chattanooga that set up a top five matchup against Auburn.

text: In the Iron Bowl, Alabama kicker Adam Griffith attempted and missed a 57-yard field goal attempt as time expired in regulation. In what was since dubbed "Kick Bama Kick", Chris Davis returned the missed field goal 109 yards for the game-winning score with no time left on the clock to clinch a 34–28 Auburn victory.[95] As the loss also cost the Crimson Tide an opportunity to play for both the SEC and national championships, they were selected to play in the 2014 Sugar Bowl. In the game, Alabama was defeated by Oklahoma 45–31 and closed the season with an overall record of 11–2.[96]

text: 2014 season[edit]

text: Alabama entered the 2014 season ranked #3 in the polls. The Crimson Tide rolled off four straight victories before losing to Ole Miss 17-23. Their loss to Ole Miss dropped them down to #7 in the rankings. However, Alabama rebounded by winning eight straight games, including victories against #14 LSU, #1 Mississippi State, and #15 Auburn in the Iron Bowl. They then defeated #14 Missouri in the SEC Championship 42-13 and earned a spot in the inaugural College Football Playoff, where they lost to the eventual national champion Ohio State 35-42.

text: Fourth national championship[edit]

text: Alabama started the 2015 season with a win against 20th ranked Wisconsin. Alabama would start 2-0 but would lose their next game against Ole Miss 43-37. Following the loss the Crimson Tide would go in to win the next twelve games including the 2015 Cotton Bowl Playoff Semifinal 38-0 over Michigan State and winning the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship over undefeated Clemson 45-40 to claim Alabama's sixteenth National Championship and Saban's fourth national championship at the Capstone.

text: 2016 season[edit]

text: Alabama entered the 2016 season ranked number #1 in the polls. The reigning national champions began 2016 with a resounding 52-6 win over #9 USC in Arlington, Texas, led by true freshman quarterback, Jalen Hurts. In what was the first meeting between the Tide and the Trojans since 1985, Blake Barnett started the game, but was soon replaced by Hurts, who would then go on to be the starting QB for the season. Hurts was the first true freshman QB to start for the Crimson Tide since 1984. For the first time since 2009, Alabama would go undefeated all the way through the SEC Championship Game. Alabama crushed Florida 54-16 to win their third consecutive SEC Title. This made the Tide the first three peat SEC Champion since the Florida Gators won four in a row from 1993-1996. It also marked the first three peat for Alabama since the late 1970s when Alabama won SEC Championships from 1977-1979. The Tide would once again go on to the Playoffs where they would defeat the Washington Huskies 24-7 in the Peach Bowl to advance to their second consecutive College Football Playoff National Championship Game in Tampa, Florida. In the first ever national title game rematch, Alabama would fall to Clemson, 35-31. In the closing seconds of the game, Clemson QB Deshaun Watson found Hunter Renfrow for a two-yard touchdown pass to give Clemson the win and their first national championship since 1981. The loss ended Alabama's 26 game winning streak, the second longest in program history. It marked the first time that Nick Saban had ever lost in a national championship game.

text: Fifth national championship[edit]

text: Alabama entered the 2017 season ranked number 1 in the polls once again. The season began with the Tide defeating number 3 Florida State 24-7 in the Chick Fila Kick off Game at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta. Alabama would then go on to win their next 10 games, heading into the Iron Bowl undefeated and still ranked number 1. However, the regular season was not without its issues. The Tide lost several key defensive players to injury throughout the season. There were some impressive blow outs, but also some very close games against Texas A&M, LSU, and Mississippi State. With the SEC West on the line, the Tide would fall to Auburn, 26-14 in a game that saw the worst performance by an Alabama team since the Mike Shula era. However, the season was not over for the Tide by a long shot. Auburn would go on to the SEC Championship Game, where they would face Georgia in a rematch. The Bulldogs would prevail the second time around, crushing the tigers 28-7. This led to the playoff selection committee selecting both Alabama and Georgia for the playoffs. Alabama was selected to face Clemson in the Sugar Bowl Playoff Semifinal. In a rematch of the previous season's College Football Playoff National Championship Game, the Tide would prevail, blowing out Clemson 24-6. Georgia's 54-48 overtime win over Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl Playoff semifinal set up an all-SEC National Championship Game where the Tide would win it's 17th national championship by defeating Georgia 26-23 in overtime. With Alabama trailing 13-0 at halftime, a change was made at quarterback with freshman Tua Tagovailoa replacing a struggling Jalen Hurts. Tagavailoa went 14 of 24 passing for 166 yards and 3 touchdowns, including the game winning touchdown pass to freshman wide receiver, DeVonta Smith in overtime. The 2017 national title was the sixth for head coach Nick Saban, and his fifth at the Capstone. This accomplishment tied coach Saban with iconic Alabama head coach, Paul W. Bryant, who also won six national titles in his storied career.

text: Rivalries[edit]

text: Auburn[edit]

text: The Iron Bowl is the name given to Alabama's annual game against the in-state Auburn University Tigers. Through the 2017 season, Saban has compiled an overall record of seven wins and four losses (7–4) against the Tigers.[97] After the Crimson Tide lost 17–10 in his first Iron Bowl, Alabama shutout Auburn in the 2008 game 36–0.[39] Their win in that game ended a six-game losing streak against the Tigers, was the largest margin of victory in the Iron Bowl since the 1962 season and was the first all-time Iron Bowl win for the Crimson Tide at Tuscaloosa.[39] The next year, Auburn took a 14–0 first quarter lead, but Alabama eventually won 26–21 after Greg McElroy threw a four-yard touchdown pass to Roy Upchurch with just under 2:00 left in the game.[51] The next year, Alabama surrendered a 24-point lead and lost to the eventual national champions 28–27 in what was the largest comeback in Iron Bowl history.[60] The Crimson Tide rebounded from that loss and did not allow the Tigers' to score an offensive touchdown in either the 2011 or 2012 edition of the Iron Bowl.[70][84] In 2013, both teams came into the game ranked in the top five and Auburn won, 34–28, in what has since been dubbed "the kick six", after Chris Davis returned a missed Adam Griffith field goal 109 yards for the game-winning score with no time left on the clock.[95] The 2014 Iron Bowl saw the highest-scoring game in history between the two rivals, as Alabama came behind from a 12-point deficit and defeated Auburn 55–44. Alabama would defeat Auburn in 2015 by a score of 29-13 in Auburn.It was Bama's first trip to Jordan-Hare Stadium since the "kick-six" game. However, the result would be different as Adam Griffith hit 5 field goals, accounting for 15 of Alabama's 29 points.In 2016, Alabama true freshman quarterback Jalen Hurts overcame two first half interceptions with a stellar 2nd half performance as Alabama topped Auburn 30-12 in Tuscaloosa. The 2016 win marked the first time that Alabama had defeated Auburn three consecutive years since 1990-1992. Alabama would fall to Auburn in 2017, 26-14 in the Tide's only loss of the season. It marked the first time since 1969 that the tigers had defeated the Tide by a margin of more than 10 points.[98]

text: Tennessee[edit]

text: The Third Saturday in October is the name given to Alabama's annual game against the University of Tennessee Volunteers. Through the 2017 season, Saban has compiled an overall record of eleven wins and zero losses (11–0) against the Volunteers.[99] In the period between the 1995 and 2006 seasons prior to the arrival of Saban, the Volunteers were 10–2 against the Crimson Tide.[100] Since Saban has been Alabama's head coach, they have outscored Tennessee 396 to 126 in their eleven victories (average score 36 to 11).[100] The only games that the Crimson Tide did not win by at least two touchdowns came in the 2009 game when Terrence Cody blocked a field goal as time expired and preserved the 12–10 Alabama victory and in 2015 when the tide won 19-14 due to a game clinching fumble recovered by A'shawn Robinson. 2016 and 2017 saw blowout wins of 49-10 and 45-7 for the Tide over the Volunteers. At the conclusion of the 2017 season, Alabama defensive coordinator Jeremy Pruitt was hired as the Tennessee head coach.[49][100]

text: LSU[edit]

text: Louisiana State University (LSU) and Alabama first met on the field in 1895 and continuously since 1964.[101] However, the annual game against the Tigers was not considered a rivalry until Saban (a former LSU head coach) was hired in the same capacity at Alabama for 2007 season.[102] Through the 2016 season, Saban has compiled an overall record of nine wins and three losses (9–3) against the Tigers.[101] After a 41–34 loss in their first matchup, Alabama won at Baton Rouge in overtime 27–21 in 2008.[38][103] After the Tigers upset the Crimson Tide 24–21 in 2010, they again were victorious the following season 9–6 in a No. 1 versus No. 2 "Game of the Century" during the regular season.[59][67] They met again in a rematch for the 2011 national championship in the BCS National Championship Game where Alabama won 21–0 in the rematch for the national championship.[72] The Crimson Tide won their second straight in the series in 2012 after they defeated LSU 21–17 when AJ McCarron threw a 28-yard, game-winning touchdown pass to T. J. Yeldon in the final two minutes of the game.[80] In 2013, Alabama turned a 17-17 tie in the third quarter into a 38-17 rout behind a 372-yard rushing effort, including 133 yards and two touchdowns from T. J. Yeldon.[104] At Baton Rouge in 2014, Blake Sims drove Alabama 55 yards in the final 50 seconds of regulation for a tying field goal, and then threw a 6-yard touchdown to DeAndrew White in overtime to lead the Tide to a 20-13 win over the Tigers. In 2015, Alabama won handily against an undefeated LSU team, 30-16 in Tuscaloosa. Bama had 250 rushing yards and A'shawn Robinson blocked one of LSU's extra points in spectacular fashion. In 2016, the game was scoreless going into the fourth quarter. However, true freshman quarterback Jalen Hurts ran 21 yards for a touchdown. That put Alabama up 7-0, and the Tide never looked back as they would shut out LSU 10-0 in Baton Rouge. In 2017, Alabama would defeat LSU 24-10 in Tuscaloosa, marking the seventh consecutive win over the Tigers.[105]

text: First Team All-Americans[edit]

text:
Year
Player name
Position
Selector(s)

2008
Caldwell, AntoineAntoine Caldwell
Center
AFCA, AP, TSN, SI

Cody, TerrenceTerrence Cody
Defensive tackle
AFCA, AP, FWAA, TSN, SI, Rivals.com, CBS

Johnson, RashadRashad Johnson
Safety
AFCA, Rivals.com

Smith, AndreAndre Smith
Offensive tackle
AFCA, AP, FWAA, TSN, WC, ESPN, FN, SI, CBS, Rivals.com

2009
Arenas, JavierJavier Arenas
Cornerback
AFCA, AP, SI

Arenas, JavierJavier Arenas
Punt returner
CBS, Rivals.com

Cody, TerrenceTerrence Cody
Defensive tackle
AP, FWAA, WC, CBS

Ingram, MarkMark Ingram
Running back
AP, FWAA, AFCA, WC, TSN, SI, ESPN, CBS, Rivals.com

Johnson, MikeMike Johnson
Offensive guard
AP, AFCA, WC, TSN, SI, ESPN, CBS, Rivals.com

McClain, RolandoRolando McClain
Linebacker
AP, FWAA, AFCA, WC, TSN, SI, ESPN, CBS, Rivals.com

Tiffin, LeighLeigh Tiffin
Placekicker
AP, CBS

2010
Barron, MarkMark Barron
Safety
FWAA

2011
Barron, MarkMark Barron
Safety
AFCA, AP, FWAA, WC, TSN, CBS, ESPN, PFW, Scout.com, SI

Hightower, Dont'aDont'a Hightower
Linebacker
AFCA, AP, WC, PFW

Jones, BarrettBarrett Jones
Tackle
AP, AFCA, FWAA, WC, CBS, ESPN, Scout.com, TSN

Kirkpatrick, DreDre Kirkpatrick
Cornerback
FWAA, CBS, PFW

Menzie, DeQuanDeQuan Menzie
Cornerback
AFCA

Richardson, TrentTrent Richardson
Running back
AP, AFCA, FWAA, WCFF, CBS, ESPN, Scout.com, TSN

Upshaw, CourtneyCourtney Upshaw
Linebacker
FWAA, TSN, CBS, ESPN, PFW, Scout.com, SI

2012
Fluker, D. J.D. J. Fluker
Offensive tackle
CBS, Scout.com

Jones, BarrettBarrett Jones
Center
WCFF, AP, FWAA, TSN, CBS, Scout.com, ESPN, SI

Milliner, DeeDee Milliner
Cornerback
WCFF, AFCA, AP, FWAA, TSN, CBS, Scout.com, ESPN, PFW

Mosley, C. J.C. J. Mosley
Linebacker
WCFF, AFCA, AP, TSN, CBS, Scout.com, SI

Warmack, ChanceChance Warmack
Offensive guard
WCFF, AFCA, AP, TSN, FWAA, CBS, Scout.com, ESPN, SI, PFW

2013
Clinton-Dix, Ha HaHa Ha Clinton-Dix
Safety
AFCA, FWAA, TSN, ESPN

Kouandjio, CyrusCyrus Kouandjio
Offensive tackle
AFCA, FWAA, WCFF, AP, CBS, Athlon

McCarron, AJAJ McCarron
Quarterback
AFCA, WCFF

Mosley, C. J.C. J. Mosley
Linebacker
AFCA, FWAA, TSN, WCFF, AP, USAT, CBS, ESPN, Athlon

2014
Collins, LandonLandon Collins
Safety
AP, WCFF, TSN, AFCA, FWAA, CBS, ESPN, Scout, SI

Cooper, AmariAmari Cooper
Wide Receiver
AP, WCFF, TSN, AFCA, FWAA, USAT, CBS, ESPN, Scout, SI

DePriest, TreyTrey DePriest
Linebacker
AFCA

Kouandjio, ArieArie Kouandjio
Offensive Guard
AFCA, USAT, SI

Scott, JKJK Scott
Punter
TSN, USAT, ESPN, SI

2015
Henry, DerrickDerrick Henry
Running back
AP, WCFF, FWAA, AFCA, TSN, USAT, CBS, SI, ESPN, FOX

Ragland, ReggieReggie Ragland
Linebacker
AP, WCFF, FWAA, AFCA, TSN, USAT, CBS, SI, ESPN

Kelly, RyanRyan Kelly
Center
WCFF, FWAA, AFCA, TSN, USAT, ESPN

Robinson, A'ShawnA'Shawn Robinson
Defensive tackle
AP, FWAA, AFCA, TSN, CBS, SI, FOX

2016
Allen, JonathanJonathan Allen
Defensive end
AFCA, FWAA, AP, WCFF, TSN, SI, USAT, ESPN, FOX, CBS

Foster, ReubenReuben Foster
Linebacker
AFCA, FWAA, AP, WCFF, TSN, SI, USAT, ESPN, FOX, CBS

Robinson, CamCam Robinson
Offensive tackle
AFCA, FWAA, AP, WCFF, TSN, SI, ESPN, FOX, CBS, Athlon

Fitzpatrick, MinkahMinkah Fitzpatrick
Defensive back
AFCA, AP, ESPN

Humphrey, MarlonMarlon Humphrey
Defensive back
FWAA

Howard, O. J.O. J. Howard
Tight end
FOX

2017
Fitzpatrick, MinkahMinkah Fitzpatrick
Defensive back
(AP, AFCA, FWAA, WCFF, TSN, SI, USAT, ESPN, CBS, CFN, Athlon)

Evans, RashaanRashaan Evans
Linebacker
AFCA

Scott, JKJK Scott
Punter
CFN

text:
Consensus selection

Unanimous selection

text: NFL draftees[edit]

text:
Year
Round
Pick
Overall
Player name
Position
NFL team
Notes

2009
1
6
6
Smith, AndreAndre Smith
Offensive tackle
Cincinnati Bengals
—

3
10
74
Coffee, GlenGlen Coffee
Running back
San Francisco 49ers
—

3
13
77
Caldwell, AntoineAntoine Caldwell
Center
Houston Texans
—

3
31
95
Johnson, RashadRashad Johnson
Defensive back
Arizona Cardinals
—

2010
1
8
8
McClain, RolandoRolando McClain
Linebacker
Oakland Raiders
—

1
20
20
Jackson, KareemKareem Jackson
Cornerback
Houston Texans
—

2
18
50
Arenas, JavierJavier Arenas
Defensive back
Kansas City Chiefs
—

2
25
57
Cody, TerrenceTerrence Cody
Defensive end
Baltimore Ravens
Super Bowl Champion (XLVII)

3
34
98
Johnson, MikeMike Johnson
Offensive guard
Atlanta Falcons
—

7
4
211
Johnson, MarquisMarquis Johnson
Defensive back
St. Louis Rams
—

7
40
247
Deaderick, BrandonBrandon Deaderick
Defensive end
New England Patriots
—

2011
1
3
3
Dareus, MarcellMarcell Dareus
Defensive tackle
Buffalo Bills
2x Pro Bowl (2014, 2015)

1
6
6
Jones, JulioJulio Jones
Wide receiver
Atlanta Falcons
3x Pro Bowl (2013, 2015, 2016)

1
25
25
Carpenter, JamesJames Carpenter
Offensive tackle
Seattle Seahawks
Super Bowl Champion (XLVIII)

1
28
28
Ingram, MarkMark Ingram
Running back
New Orleans Saints
Pro Bowl (2015)

7
5
208
McElroy, GregGreg McElroy
Quarterback
New York Jets
—

2012
1
3
3
Richardson, TrentTrent Richardson
Running back
Cleveland Browns
—

1
7
7
Barron, MarkMark Barron
Safety
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
—

1
17
17
Kirkpatrick, DreDre Kirkpatrick
Cornerback
Cincinnati Bengals
—

1
25
25
Hightower, Dont'aDont'a Hightower
Linebacker
New England Patriots
2 time Super Bowl Champion (XLIX)(LI)

2
3
35
Upshaw, CourtneyCourtney Upshaw
Linebacker
Baltimore Ravens
Super Bowl Champion (XLVII)

5
1
136
Chapman, JoshJosh Chapman
Defensive tackle
Indianapolis Colts
—

5
11
146
Menzie, DeQuanDeQuan Menzie
Cornerback
Kansas City Chiefs
—

7
40
247
Smelley, BradBrad Smelley
Tight end
Cleveland Browns
—

2013
1
9
9
Milliner, DeeDee Milliner
Cornerback
New York Jets
—

1
10
10
Warmack, ChanceChance Warmack
Guard
Tennessee Titans
—

1
11
11
Fluker, D. J.D. J. Fluker
Offensive tackle
San Diego Chargers
—

2
29
61
Lacy, EddieEddie Lacy
Running back
Green Bay Packers
Pro Bowl (2014)

4
2
99
Johnson, NicoNico Johnson
Linebacker
Kansas City Chiefs
—

4
16
113
Jones, BarrettBarrett Jones
Center
St. Louis Rams
—

5
4
137
Williams, JesseJesse Williams
Defensive tackle
Seattle Seahawks
Super Bowl Champion (XLVIII)

5
24
157
Dial, QuintonQuinton Dial
Defensive end
San Francisco 49ers
—

7
5
211
Williams, MichaelMichael Williams
Tight end
Detroit Lions
—

2014
1
17
17
Mosley, C. J.C. J. Mosley
Linebacker
Baltimore Ravens
Pro Bowl (2015)

1
21
21
Clinton-Dix, Ha HaHa Ha Clinton-Dix
Safety
Green Bay Packers
—

2
12
44
Kouandjio, CyrusCyrus Kouandjio
Offensive tackle
Buffalo Bills
—

4
23
123
Norwood, KevinKevin Norwood
Wide receiver
Seattle Seahawks
—

5
20
160
Stinson, EdEd Stinson
Defensive end
Arizona Cardinals
—

5
24
164
McCarron, AJAJ McCarron
Quarterback
Cincinnati Bengals
—

5
27
167
Sunseri, VinnieVinnie Sunseri
Safety
New Orleans Saints
—

6
1
177
Pagan, JeoffreyJeoffrey Pagan
Defensive end
Houston Texans
—

2015
1
4
4
Cooper, AmariAmari Cooper
Wide receiver
Oakland Raiders
Pro Bowl (2016)

2
1
33
Collins, LandonLandon Collins
Safety
New York Giants
—

2
4
36
Yeldon, T. J.T. J. Yeldon
Running back
Jacksonville Jaguars
—

4
9
108
Fowler, JalstonJalston Fowler
Fullback
Tennessee Titans
—

4
13
112
Kouandjio, ArieArie Kouandjio
Guard
Washington Redskins
—

7
11
228
Shepherd, AustinAustin Shepherd
Offensive tackle
Minnesota Vikings
—

7
36
253
Dickson, XzavierXzavier Dickson
Linebacker
New England Patriots
—

2016
1
18
18
Kelly, RyanRyan Kelly
Center
Indianapolis Colts
—

2
10
41
Ragland, ReggieReggie Ragland
Linebacker
Buffalo Bills
—

2
14
45
Henry, DerrickDerrick Henry
Running back
Tennessee Titans
—

2
15
46
Robinson, A'ShawnA'Shawn Robinson
Defensive tackle
Detroit Lions
—

2
18
49
Reed, JarranJarran Reed
Defensive tackle
Seattle Seahawks
—

2
29
60
Jones, CyrusCyrus Jones
Cornerback
New England Patriots
—

3
10
73
Drake, KenyanKenyan Drake
Running back
Miami Dolphins
—

2017
1
16
16
Humphrey, MarlonMarlon Humphrey
Cornerback
Baltimore Ravens
—

1
17
17
Allen, JonathanJonathan Allen
Defensive end
Washington Redskins
—

1
19
19
Howard, O.J.O.J. Howard
Tight End
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
—

1
31
31
Foster, ReubenReuben Foster
Linebacker
San Francisco 49ers
—

2
2
34
Robinson, CamCam Robinson
Offensive tackle
Jacksonville Jaguars
—

2
17
49
Anderson, RyanRyan Anderson
Linebacker
Washington Redskins
—

2
23
55
Tomlinson, DalvinDalvin Tomlinson
Defensive tackle
New York Giants
—

3
14
78
Williams, TimTim Williams
Linebacker
Baltimore Ravens
—

3
15
79
Stewart, ArDariusArDarius Stewart
Wide receiver
New York Jets
—

4
5
121
Jackson, EddieEddie Jackson
Safety
Chicago Bears
—

text: All-time assistant coaches[edit]

text:
Coach
Position
Alma mater
Years served

Applewhite, MajorMajor Applewhite
Offensive coordinator
Texas
2007

Brown, GregGreg Brown
Secondary
UTEP
2013

Burns, BurtonBurton Burns
Running backs
Nebraska
2007–present

Cignetti, CurtCurt Cignetti
Wide receivers
West Virginia
2007–2010

Cristobal, MarioMario Cristobal
Offensive line
Miami
2013–2016

Davis, BoBo Davis
Defensive line
LSU
2007–2010

Daboll, BrianBrian Daboll
Offensive Coordinator
Rochester
2017–Present

Groh, MikeMike Groh
Wide receivers
Virginia
2011–2012

Kiffin, LaneLane Kiffin
Offensive coordinator
Fresno State
2014–2016

McElwain, JimJim McElwain
Offensive coordinator
Eastern Washington
2008–2011

Napier, BillyBilly Napier
Wide receivers
Furman
2013–present

Nussmeier, DougDoug Nussmeier
Offensive coordinator
Idaho
2012–2013

Pendry, JoeJoe Pendry
Offensive line
West Virginia
2007–2010

Pruitt, JeremyJeremy Pruitt
Secondary
Defensive Coordinator

West Alabama
2010–2012
2016–present

Rumph, ChrisChris Rumph
Defensive Line
South Carolina
2011–present

Sarkisian, SteveSteve Sarkisian
Offensive coordinator
BYU
2017

Smart, KirbyKirby Smart
Defensive coordinator
Georgia
2007–2015

Steele, KevinKevin Steele
Defensive line
Tennessee
2007–2008

Stoutland, JeffJeff Stoutland
Offensive line
Southern Connecticut
2011–2012

Sunseri, SalSal Sunseri
Linebackers
Pittsburgh
2009–2011

Thompson, LanceLance Thompson
Linebackers
The Citadel
2007–2008
2012–present

Williams, BobbyBobby Williams
Tight ends
Special teams
Purdue
2008–present

Willis, JamesJames Willis
Linebackers
Auburn
2009

text: Bryant–Denny Stadium[edit]

text: During Saban's tenure as head coach of the Crimson Tide, Alabama has played all home games on-campus at Bryant–Denny Stadium. Prior to the 2006 season, the north endzone expansion brought the total seating capacity of Bryant–Denny to 92,138, the seventh largest stadium in college football.[109] After Saban became head coach, in February 2009, the University of Alabama System Board of Trustees unanimously approved a proposal to expand the south endzone with an upper deck that seated approximately 9,000 spectators and added 36 luxury boxes.[110] The expansion was budgeted at $80.6 million and Davis Architects of Birmingham, Alabama served as the architect of record for the project.[110] The expansion was completed just prior to the start of the 2010 season on August 20 and increased Bryant–Denny's capacity to 101,821, the fifth largest in college football.[110][111]

text: Outside the stadium on its northern side is the Walk of Champions. This areas pays tribute to past championship teams at Alabama in addition to featuring bronze statues of all five head coaches that won national championships with the Crimson Tide. After he led them to the 2009 national championship, athletics director Mal Moore indicated that a statue of Saban would be erected in the Walk of Champions just as the previous four coaches.[112] The nine-foot statue was designed by Alabama student Jeremy Davis and fabricated by MTM Recognition of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.[113] It was officially unveiled prior to the 2011 A-Day spring game on April 16, 2011, and has since been updated to include subsequent championships.[113]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Saban's record for the 2007 season was 7-6. In March 2009, the NCAA ruled that Alabama must vacate 21 victories due to sanctions stemming from textbook-related infractions discovered during the 2007 season, including 5 for the 2007 season. As such Saban's official record for the 2007 season stands at 2-6.[22]
^ Shula's overall record at time of his firing was 26-23. In March 2009, the NCAA ruled that Alabama must vacate 21 victories due to sanctions stemming from textbook-related infractions discovered during the 2007 season, including 16 for the 2005 and 2006 seasons. As such Shula's official record at Alabama stands at 10-23[22]