document_title: Business continuity planning

question_text: when do we need to revisit bcp plan and strategy

root

text: Business continuity planning

text: Current standards[edit]

text: In December 2006, the British Standards Institution (BSI) released an independent standard for BCP—BS 25999-1. Prior to the introduction of BS 25999, BCP professionals relied on information security standard BS 7799, which only peripherally addressed BCP to improve an organization's information security procedures. BS 25999's applicability extends to all organizations. In 2007, the BSI published BS 25999-2 "Specification for Business Continuity Management", which specifies requirements for implementing, operating and improving a documented business continuity management system (BCMS).

tag: p

text: Business continuity management is standardized across the UK by British Standards (BS) through BS 25999-2:2007 and BS 25999-1:2006.  BS 25999-2:2007 business continuity management is the British Standard for business continuity management across all organizations. This includes industry and its sectors. The standard provides a best practice framework to minimize disruption during unexpected events that could bring business to a standstill. The document gives a practical plan to deal with most eventualities—from extreme weather conditions to terrorism, IT system failure, and staff sickness.[5]

text: This document was released in July 2014 by the British standard BS EN ISO 22301:2014, the current standard for business continuity planning.[6]

text: Civil Contingencies Act[edit]

text: In 2004, following crises in the preceding years, the UK government passed the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 (The Act). This provides the legislation for civil protection in the UK: Businesses need to have continuity planning measures in place in order to survive and continue to thrive whilst working towards keeping the incident as minimal as possible.[7]

text:
The Act was separated into two parts:
Part 1 focuses on local arrangements for civil protection, establishing a statutory framework of roles and responsibilities for local responders. Part 2 focused on emergency powers, establishing a modern framework for the use of special legislative measures that might be necessary to deal with the effects of the most serious emergency.

text: Analysis[edit]

text: The analysis phase consists of impact analysis, threat analysis and impact scenarios.

text: Business impact analysis (BIA)[edit]

text: A Business impact analysis (BIA) differentiates critical (urgent) and non-critical (non-urgent) organization functions/activities. Critical functions are those whose disruption is regarded as unacceptable. Perceptions of acceptability are affected by the cost of recovery solutions. A function may also be considered critical if dictated by law. For each critical (in scope) function, two values are then assigned:

text:
Recovery Point Objective (RPO) – the acceptable latency of data that will not be recovered. For example, is it acceptable for the company to lose 2 days of data?[8]
Recovery Time Objective (RTO)  – the acceptable amount of time to restore the function.

tag: ul

text:
The recovery point objective must ensure that the maximum tolerable data loss for each activity is not exceeded.
The recovery time objective must ensure that the Maximum Tolerable Period of Disruption (MTPoD) for each activity is not exceeded.

text: Next, the impact analysis results in the recovery requirements for each critical function. Recovery requirements consist of the following information:

text:
The business requirements for recovery of the critical function, and/or
The technical requirements for recovery of the critical function

text: Threat and risk analysis (TRA)[edit]

text: After defining recovery requirements, each potential threat may require unique recovery steps. Common threats include:

text:
Epidemic
Earthquake
Fire
Flood
Cyber attack
Sabotage (insider or external threat)
Hurricane or other major storm
Power outage
Water outage (supply interruption, contamination)
Telecomms outage
IT outage
Terrorism/Piracy
War/civil disorder
Theft (insider or external threat, vital information or material)
Random failure of mission-critical systems
Single point dependency

text: The impact of an epidemic can be regarded as purely human, and may be alleviated with technical and business solutions. However, if people behind these plans are affected by the disease, then the process can stumble.

text: During the 2002–2003 SARS outbreak, some organizations grouped staff into separate teams, and rotated the teams between primary and secondary work sites, with a rotation frequency equal to the incubation period of the disease. The organizations also banned face-to-face intergroup contact during business and non-business hours. The split increased resiliency against the threat of quarantine measures if one person in a team was exposed to the disease.

text: Impact scenarios[edit]

text: After identifying the applicable threats, impact scenarios are considered to support the development of a business recovery plan. Business continuity testing plans may document scenarios for each identified threats and impact scenarios. More localized impact scenarios – for example loss of a specific floor in a building – may also be documented. The BC plans should reflect the requirements to recover the business in the widest possible damage. The risk assessment should cater to developing impact scenarios that are applicable to the business or the premises it operates. For example, it might not be logical to consider tsunami in the region of Mideast since the likelihood of such a threat is negligible.

text: Recovery requirement[edit]

text: After the analysis phase, business and technical recovery requirements precede the solutions phase. Asset inventories allow for quick identification of deployable resources. For an office-based, IT-intensive business, the plan requirements may cover desks, human resources, applications, data, manual workarounds, computers and peripherals. Other business environments, such as production, distribution, warehousing etc. will need to cover these elements, but likely have additional issues.

text: The robustness of an emergency management plan is dependent on how much money an organization or business can place into the plan. The organization must balance realistic feasibility with the need to properly prepare. In general, every $1 put into an emergency management plan will prevent $7 of loss.[9]

text: Solution design[edit]

text: The solution design phase identifies the most cost-effective disaster recovery solution that meets two main requirements from the impact analysis stage.

text: For IT purposes, this is commonly expressed as the minimum application and data requirements and the time in which the minimum application and application data must be available.

text: Outside the IT domain, preservation of hard copy information, such as contracts, skilled staff or restoration of embedded technology in a process plant must be considered. This phase overlaps with disaster recovery planning methodology. The solution phase determines:

text:
crisis management command structure
secondary work sites
telecommunication architecture between primary and secondary work sites
data replication methodology between primary and secondary work sites
applications and data required at the secondary work site
physical data requirements at the secondary work site.

text: Implementation[edit]

text: The implementation phase involves policy changes, material acquisitions, staffing and testing.

text: Testing and organizational acceptance[edit]

text: The purpose of testing is to achieve organizational acceptance that the solution satisfies the recovery requirements. Plans may fail to meet expectations due to insufficient or inaccurate recovery requirements, solution design flaws or solution implementation errors. Testing may include:

text:
Crisis command team call-out testing
Technical swing test from primary to secondary work locations
Technical swing test from secondary to primary work locations
Application test
Business process test

text: At minimum, testing is conducted on a biannual schedule.

text: The 2008 book Exercising for Excellence, published by The British Standards Institution identified three types of exercises that can be employed when testing business continuity plans.

text: Tabletop exercises[edit]

text: Tabletop exercises typically involve a small number of people and concentrates on a specific aspect of a BCP. They can easily accommodate complete teams from a specific area of a business.

text: Another form involves a single representative from each of several teams. Typically, participants work through simple scenario and then discuss specific aspects of the plan. For example, a fire is discovered out of working hours.

text: The exercise consumes only a few hours and is often split into two or three sessions, each concentrating on a different theme.

text: Medium exercises[edit]

text: A medium exercise is conducted within a "Virtual World" and brings together several departments, teams or disciplines. It typically concentrates on multiple BCP aspects, prompting interaction between teams. The scope of a medium exercise can range from a few teams from one organisation co-located in one building to multiple teams operating across dispersed locations. The environment needs to be as realistic as practicable and team sizes should reflect a realistic situation. Realism may extend to simulated news broadcasts and websites.

text: A medium exercise typically lasts a few hours, though they can extend over several days. They typically involve a "Scenario Cell" that adds pre-scripted "surprises" throughout the exercise.

text: Complex exercises[edit]

text: A complex exercise aims to have as few boundaries as possible. It incorporates all the aspects of a medium exercise. The exercise remains within a virtual world, but maximum realism is essential. This might include no-notice activation, actual evacuation and actual invocation of a disaster recovery site.

text: While start and stop times are pre-agreed, the actual duration might be unknown if events are allowed to run their course.

text: Maintenance[edit]

text: Biannual or annual maintenance cycle maintenance of a BCP manual is broken down into three periodic activities.

text:
Confirmation of information in the manual, roll out to staff for awareness and specific training for critical individuals.
Testing and verification of technical solutions established for recovery operations.
Testing and verification of organization recovery procedures.

text: Issues found during the testing phase often must be reintroduced to the analysis phase.

text: Information/targets[edit]

text: The BCP manual must evolve with the organization.  Activating the call tree verifies the notification plan's efficiency as well as contact data accuracy. Like most business procedures, business continuity planning has its own jargon. Organisation-wide understanding of business continuity jargon is vital and glossaries are available.[10] Types of organisational changes that should be identified and updated in the manual include:

text:
Staffing
Important clients
Vendors/suppliers
Organization structure changes
Company investment portfolio and mission statement
Communication and transportation infrastructure such as roads and bridges

text: Technical[edit]

text: Specialized technical resources must be maintained. Checks include:

text:
Virus definition distribution
Application security and service patch distribution
Hardware operability
Application operability
Data verification
Data application

text: Testing and verification of recovery procedures[edit]

text: As work processes change, previous recovery procedures may no longer be suitable. Checks include:

text:
Are all work processes for critical functions documented?
Have the systems used for critical functions changed?
Are the documented work checklists meaningful and accurate?
Do the documented work process recovery tasks and supporting disaster recovery infrastructure allow staff to recover within the predetermined recovery time objective?


document_title: iPad Mini

question_text: what size sim card for ipad 4th generation

text: iPad Mini

text: History[edit]

text: On October 16, 2012, Apple announced plans for a media event on October 23 at the California Theatre in San Jose, California.[8][9] The company did not give the subject of the event, but it was widely expected to be the iPad Mini.[10] At the event, Apple CEO Tim Cook introduced a new version of MacBook family and new generations of the MacBook Pro, Mac Mini, and the iMac, then unveiled the fourth-generation iPad and the iPad Mini.[11]

text: Features[edit]

text: Software[edit]

text: The iPad Mini comes with several pre-installed applications, including Siri, Safari, Mail, Photos, Video, Music, iTunes, App Store, Maps, Notes, Calendar, Game Center, Photo Booth, and Contacts.[12] Like all iOS devices, the iPad can sync content and other data with a Mac or PC using iTunes and to Apple's iCloud online service. Although the tablet is not designed to make telephone calls over a cellular network, users can use a headset or the built-in speaker and microphone and place phone calls over Wi-Fi or cellular using a VoIP application, such as Skype.[13] iPads offer dictation when connected to a Wi-Fi or cellular network.[14]

text: Applications from Apple and third-party developers can be downloaded through the App Store, an application distribution market for iOS that is maintained and regulated by Apple. The service allows users to browse and purchase applications. Optional apps from Apple that can be purchased through the App Store include GarageBand, iMovie, iPhoto, and the iWork apps (Pages, Keynote, and Numbers) are available.[15]

text: The device has an optional iBooks application, which displays books and other ePub-format content downloaded from the iBookstore.[16] Several major book publishers including Penguin Books, HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster and Macmillan have committed to publishing books for the device.[17] Despite the iPad being a direct competitor to both the Amazon Kindle and Barnes & Noble Nook,[18] both Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble offer e-reader apps for the iPad.[19][20]

text: On June 8, 2015, it was announced at the WWDC that all four generations of the iPad Mini would support iOS 9. However, certain new multitasking features, such as Slide Over and Picture in Picture, will be limited to the second, third generation, and the fourth generation. Split View, another new multitasking feature, is only available on the iPad Mini 4.[21]

text: The current version of iOS, iOS 11, is supported on iPad Mini 2 and up. An upgrade to this version is available as a free download.

text: The first generation iPad Mini shipped with iOS 6.0[22] and the highest supported version is iOS 9.3.5.

text: Hardware[edit]

text: There are four buttons and one switch on the iPad Mini, including a "home" button near the display that returns the user to the home screen, and three aluminum buttons on the right side and top: wake/sleep and volume up and volume down, plus a software-controlled switch whose function varies with software updates.[5] The tablet is manufactured either with or without the capability to communicate over a cellular network. All models can connect to a wireless LAN via Wi-Fi. The iPad Mini is available with 16, 32, 64 and 128 GB of internal flash memory, with no expansion option. Apple sells a "camera connection kit" with an SD card reader, but it can only be used to transfer photos and videos.

text: The first generation iPad Mini features partially the same hardware as the iPad 2. Both screens have resolutions of 1024x768, but the iPad Mini has a smaller screen and thus higher pixel density than iPad 2 (163 PPI vs. 132 PPI).[5] Unlike the iPad 2, it has 5 MP and 1.2 MP cameras and the Lightning connector. The system-on-chip is A5, which is the same one found in the later revision of the iPad 2 (32 nm). The audio processor is the same found in iPhone 5 and iPad 4th generation, which allows the iPad Mini to have Siri and voice dictation unlike the iPad 2. The graphics processor (GPU) of the first generation iPad Mini is the same one found in the iPad 2 (PowerVR SGX543MP2).[23]

text: iPads with a data connection can download data through cellphone networks, but can not make voice calls. They can act as a hotspot, sharing the Internet connection over Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB.[14]

text: Accessories[edit]

text: The Smart Cover, introduced with the iPad 2, is a screen protector that magnetically attaches to the face of the iPad. A smaller version is now available for iPad Mini. The cover has three folds, which allow it to convert into a stand, held together by magnets.[24] Smart Covers have a microfiber bottom that cleans the front of the iPad, and wakes up the unit when the cover is removed. It comes in six colors of polyurethane.[25][26]

text: Apple offers other accessories, including a Bluetooth keyboard, several types of earbuds or headphones and many adapters for the Lightning connector.[27] AppleCare and free engraving are also available for the iPad Mini.[28][29]

text: Model comparison[edit]

text: The most recent model is the iPad Mini 4. The iPad models are listed in a comparison grid.

text:
Model
iPad Mini (1st generation)
iPad Mini 2
iPad Mini 3
iPad Mini 4

Model Number
A1432 (Wi-Fi)
A1454 (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
A1455 (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
A1489 (Wi-Fi)
A1490 (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
A1491 (Wi-Fi + Cellular TD-LTE)
A1599 (Wi-Fi)
A1600 (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
A1601 (Wi-Fi + Cellular TD-LTE)
A1538 (Wi-Fi)
A1550 (Wi-Fi + Cellular)

Status
Obsolete
Discontinued
Discontinued
Current

Announcement date
October 23, 2012
October 22, 2013
October 16, 2014
September 9, 2015

Release date
November 2, 2012
November 12, 2013
October 22, 2014
September 9, 2015

Capacities and when discontinued
32, 64 GB: October 22, 2013
16 GB: June 19, 2015
64, 128 GB: October 16, 2014
16 GB: September 7, 2016
32 GB: March 21, 2017
16, 64, 128 GB: September 9, 2015
16 GB and 64 GB: September 7, 2016
32 GB: March 21, 2017
128 GB: In production

Launch price
Wi-Fi models:
16 GB US$329, 32 GB US$429, 64 GB US$529
Wi-Fi + Cellular models:
16 GB US$459, 32 GB US$559, 64 GB US$659
Wi-Fi models:
16 GB US$399, 32 GB US$499, 64 GB US$599, 128 GB US$699
Wi-Fi + Cellular models:
16 GB US$529, 32 GB US$629, 64 GB US$729, 128 GB US$829
Wi-Fi models:
16 GB US$399, 64 GB US$499, 128 GB US$599
Wi-Fi + Cellular models:
16 GB US$529, 64 GB US$629, 128 GB US$729

SoC
Apple A5
Apple A7
Apple A8

Motion coprocessor
N/A
Apple M7
Apple M8

CPU
1 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9
1.3 GHz dual-core Apple Cyclone
1.5 GHz dual-core Apple Typhoon

GPU
Dual-core PowerVR SGX543MP2
Quad-core PowerVR G6430
Quad-core PowerVR GX6450

Memory
512 MB DDR2 RAM built into Apple A5 package
1024 MB LPDDR3 RAM
2048 MB LPDDR3 RAM

Storage
16, 32, or 64 GB
16, 32, 64, or 128 GB
16, 64, or 128 GB

Display
7.9 inches (200 mm) multi-touch display with LED backlighting and a fingerprint and scratch-resistant coating

Fully laminated display, antireflective coating

1024×768 pixels at 163 ppi
2048×1536 pixels at 326 ppi (Retina Display)

Camera
iSight
1080p HD still and video camera
5 MP, 30fps and 5× digital zoom, geolocation
1080p HD still and video camera
8 MP, 30fps and 5× digital zoom, geolocation

FaceTime
1.2 MP still, 720p video, geolocation

Wireless
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n), Bluetooth 4.0
Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac), Bluetooth 4.2

Wi-Fi + Cellular
In addition to above:
3G transitional LTE on Cellular model

Nano-SIM
Nano-SIM
(supports Apple SIM)

Geolocation
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi, Apple location databases

Wi-Fi + Cellular
Assisted GPS, GLONASS, Apple databases, Cellular network

Sensors
Accelerometer, gyroscope, ambient light sensor, magnetometer
Accelerometer, gyroscope, ambient light sensor, magnetometer, Touch ID
Accelerometer, gyroscope, ambient light sensor, magnetometer, Touch ID, barometer

Battery
Built-in lithium-ion polymer battery.
browsing: 10 hours (Wi-Fi), 9 hours (3G/Cellular); video: 10 hours; audio: 140 hours; standby: 1 month

Back Color
Silver, Slate, Space Grey
Silver, Space Grey
Silver, Gold, Space Grey

Front
White, Black

Initial operating system
iOS 6.0
iOS 7.0
iOS 8.1
iOS 9.0

Highest supported operating system
iOS 9.3.5
iOS 11.0

Dimensions
7.87 in × 5.3 in × 0.28 in (199.9 mm × 134.6 mm × 7.1 mm)
7.87 in × 5.3 in × 0.29 in (199.9 mm × 134.6 mm × 7.4 mm)
8 in × 5.3 in × 0.24 in (203.2 mm × 134.6 mm × 6.1 mm)

Weight
Wi-Fi model: 0.68 lb (310 g)
Wi-Fi + Cellular model: 0.69 lb (310 g)
Wi-Fi model: 0.73 lb (330 g)
Wi-Fi + Cellular model: 0.75 lb (340 g)
Wi-Fi model: 0.65 lb (290 g)
Wi-Fi + Cellular model: 0.67 lb (300 g)

Mechanical keys
Home, sleep, volume rocker, variable (mute sound and rotation lock) function switch
Home, sleep, volume rocker

Connector
Lightning Connector

Greenhouse gas emissions
120 kg CO2e[30]
120 kg CO2e[31]
170 kg CO2e[32]
120 kg CO2e[33]

tag: table

text: Reception[edit]

text: Reviews of the first generation iPad Mini have been positive,[34][35][36][37][38][39] with reviewers praising the device's size, design, and availability of applications, while criticizing its use of a proprietary power connector and its lack of expandable storage and Retina Display for the first generation iPad Mini.[35][40][41] The device competes with tablets such as the Amazon Kindle Fire HD, Google Nexus 7, and Barnes & Noble Nook HD.[40][42] Joshua Topolsky of The Verge praised the industrial design of the iPad Mini, however panned its lack of Retina Display and price.[39] The iPad Mini 2 was well received, praising the Retina Display and Apple A7 chip performance, with criticisms on the price increase and the quality of the camera.[43][44]

text: Timeline[edit]


document_title: World War II casualties

question_text: how many us casualties in world war ii

question_tokens: how many us casualties in world war ii

text: World War II casualties

text: Classification of casualties

text: Compiling or estimating the numbers of deaths caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed during World War II.[13] The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable."[14] The table below gives data on the number of dead for each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. Since casualty statistics are sometimes disputed the footnotes to this article present the different estimates by official governmental sources as well as historians. Military figures include battle deaths (KIA) and personnel missing in action (MIA), as well as fatalities due to accidents, disease and deaths of prisoners of war in captivity. Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease.

text: The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease are not given for Japan, Germany and several other highly stressed populations. The losses listed here are actual deaths; hypothetical losses due to a decline in births are not included with the total dead. The distinction between military and civilian casualties caused directly by warfare and collateral damage is not always clear-cut. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. The casualties listed here include 19 to 25 million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.[15][16] The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available.

text: Human losses by country

text: Total deaths

text:
Human losses of World War II by country

(when the number of deaths in a country is disputed, a range of war losses is given)

The details of the figures are provided in the footnotes

Country
Total population
1/1/1939
Military
deaths from all causes
Civilian deaths due to
military activity and crimes against humanity
Civilian deaths due to
war related famine and disease
Total
deaths
Deaths as % of
1939 population

 Albania A
1,073,000[17]
30,000[18]

30,000
2.80

 Australia B
6,968,000[17]
39,700[19]
700[20]

40,400
0.58

 Austria (German-controlled) C
6,653,000[17]
Included with German Army
Included with Germany

(see table below)S3

 Belgium D
8,387,000[17]
12,000[21]
76,000[21]

88,000
1.05

 BrazilE
40,289,000[17]
1,000[22]
1,000[23]

2,000
0.00

 BulgariaF
6,458,000[17]
18,500[22]
3,000[24]

21,500
0.33

 Burma (British colony)G
16,119,000[17]
2,600[25]
250,000[25]

252,600
1.57

 CanadaH
11,267,000[17]
42,000[26]
1,600[27]

43,600
0.38

 China I
517,568,000[17]
3,000,000[28]
to 3,750,000+[29]
7,357,000[30]
to 8,191,000[31]
5,000,000
to 10,000,000
15,000,000[32]
to 20,000,000[32]
2.90 to 3.86

 CubaJ
4,235,000[17]

100[33]

100
0.00

 Czechoslovakia (in postwar 1945-1992 borders)K
14,612,000[34]
46,000[35]
to 35,000[36]
294,000[35] to
320,000[36]

340,000 to 355,000
2.33 to 2.43

 DenmarkL
3,795,000[17]

6,000[37]

6,000
0.16

 Dutch East IndiesM
69,435,000[17]
11,500[38][39]
300,000[40]
2,400,000[41]
to 4,000,000[42]
3,000,000
to 4,000,000
4.3 to 5.76

 Egypt MA
16,492,000[17]
1,100[43]

1,100
0.00

 Estonia (within 1939 borders)N
1,134,000[17]
34,000(in both Soviet & German armed forces)[44]
49,000[45]

83,000
7.3

 EthiopiaO
17,700,000[17]
15,000[46]
85,000

100,000[46]
0.56

 FinlandP
3,700,000[17]
83,000[47] to 95,000[48]
2,000[49]

85,000 to 95,000
2.30 to 2.57

 FranceQ (including colonies)
41,680,000[49]
210,000[49]
390,000[49]

600,000
1.44

 French IndochinaR
24,664,000[17]

1,000,000
to 2,000,000[50]
1,000,000
to 2,200,000
4.05 to 8.11

 GermanyS
69,300,000[51]
4,440,000[52] to 5,318,000[53][54]
1,500,000 S2
to 3,000,000S1

6,900,000
to 7,400,000
(see table below)S3

 GreeceT
7,222,000[17]
35,100[55]
171,800[55]
300,000[56]
to 600,000[55]
507,000
to 807,000
7.02 to 11.17

 GuamTA
22,800[57]
1,000[58]
to 2,000[59]

1,000
to 2,000
4.39 to 8.77

 Hungary U
9,129,000[57]
300,000[60]
264,000[61]

564,000
6.18

 IcelandV
118,900[62]

200[63]

200
0.17

 India (British)W
377,800,000[64]
87,000[65]

1,500,000[66]
to 2,500,000[67]
1,600,000
to 2,600,000
0.42 to 0.69

 IranX
14,340,000[68]
200[69]

200
0.00

 Iraq'Y
3,698,000[70]
500[69]
200[71]

700
0.01

 IrelandZ
2,960,000[72]
Irish volunteers included with UK Armed Forces
100[73]

100
0.00

 Italy (in postwar 1947 borders)AA
44,394,000[74]
319,200[75] to 341,000 Italian nationals and c. 20,000 Africans conscripted by Italy[76][77]
153,200[78]

492,400 to 514,000
1.11 to 1.16

 JapanAB
71,380,000[79]
2,100,000[80] to
2,300,000[81]
550,000[82] to
800,000[83]

2,500,000[84]
to 3,100,000[85]
3.50 to 4.34

 Korea (Japanese colony)AC
24,326,000[57]
Included with Japanese military
483,000[86]
to 533,000[87]

483,000
to 533,000
1.99 to 2.19

 Latvia (within 1939 borders)AD
1,994,500[57]
30,000[88](in both Soviet and German Armies)
220,000[89]

250,000
12.5

 Lithuania (within 1939 borders)AE
2,575,000[79]
25,000[90](in both Soviet and German Armies)
345,000[91]

370,000
14.36

 LuxembourgAF
295,000[79]
Included with German & Belgian military
5,000[49]

5,000
1.69

 Malaya & SingaporeAG
5,118,000[92]

100,000[93]

100,000
1.95

 Malta (British)AH
269,000[57]
Included with U.K.
1,500[94]

1,500
0.55

 MexicoAI
19,320,000[95]

100[96]

100
0.00

 MongoliaAJ
819,000[97]
300[98]

300
0.04

 Nauru (Australian) AK
3,400[57]

500[99]

500
14.7

 Nepal BG
6,087,000[57]
Included with British Indian Army

 NetherlandsAL
8,729,000[57]
6,700[100]
187,300[100]
16,000[100]
210,000
2.41

 Newfoundland (British)AM
320,000[101]
1,100[102] (included with the U.K. & Canada)
100[103]

1,200
0.03

 New ZealandAN
1,629,000[57]
11,700[104]

11,700
0.72

 NorwayAO
2,945,000[105]
2,000[49]
8,200[106]

10,200
0.35

 Papua and New Guinea (Australian)AP
1,292,000[57]

15,000[107]

15,000
1.16

 Philippines (U.S. Territory) AQ
16,000,303[108]
57,000[109]
164,000[110]
336,000[110]
557,000
3.48

 Poland (within 1939 borders)AR
34,849,000[111]
240,000[112]
5,620,000[113]
to 5,820,000[114]

5,900,000[115]
to 6,000,000[116]
16.93 to 17.22

 Portuguese TimorAS
480,000[57]

40,000[117]
to 70,000[117]

40,000
to 70,000
8.33 to 14.58

 Romania (in postwar 1945 borders) AT
15,970,000[49]
300,000[35]
200,000[35]

500,000[35]
3.13

 Ruanda-Urundi (Belgian)AU
3,800,000[118]

300,000[119]
300,000
7.89

 South AfricaAW
10,160,000[120]
11,900[121]

11,900
0.12

 South Pacific Mandate (Japanese)AX
127,000[122]

10,000[123]

10,000
7.87

 Soviet Union (within 1946–91 borders[124])AY
188,793,000[125][126]
8,668,000[127][128] to 11,400,000[129][130][131][132]
10,000,000[133][134][135]
6,000,000 to 7,000,000[136][137]
20,000,000[138] to 27,000,000[139][140][141][142][143]
(see table below)AY4

 Spain AZ
25,637,000[144]
Included with the German Army
Included with France,see footnote.

 Sweden BA
6,341,000[145]
100.[146]
2,000[147]

2,100
0.03

  Switzerland BB
4,210,000[148]

100[149]

100
0.00

 Thailand BC
15,023,000[150]
5,600[151]
2,000[151]

7,600
0.05

 Turkey BD
17,370,000[152]
200[153]

200
0.00

 United KingdomBE including British Colonies
47,760,000[154]
383,700[155]
67,200[156]

450,900
0.94

 United StatesBF
131,028,000[157]
407,300 BF1
12,100BF2

419,400
0.32

 YugoslaviaBG
15,490,000[158]
300,000[159]
to 446,000[160]
581,000[160] to 1,400,000[159]

1,027,000[160] to 1,700,000[159]
6.63 to 10.97

Other nationsBH
300,000,000

Approx. totals
2,300,000,000[1]
21,000,000
to 25,500,000
29,000,000
to 30,500,000
19,000,000
to 28,000,000
70,000,000
to 85,000,000
3.0 to 3.7

text:
Figures are rounded to the nearest hundredth place.
Military casualties include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non-combat causes. Partisan and resistance fighter deaths are included with military losses. The deaths of prisoners of war in captivity and personnel missing in action are also included with military deaths. Whenever possible the details are given in the footnotes.
The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the Wehrmacht are included with German military losses. For example, Michael Strank is included with American not Czechoslovak war dead.
Civilian war dead are included with the nations where they resided. For example, German Jewish refugees in France who were deported to the death camps are included with French casualties in the published sources on the Holocaust.
The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses.
Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease. The exact breakdown is not always provided in the sources cited.

text: Nazi Germany

text:
[hide]
Human losses of the Third Reich in World War II (included in above figures of total war dead) A detailed description is given in the footnotes for Germany and Austria.[11][12]^S3

Country
Population
1939
Military
deaths
Civilian deaths due to
Allied Strategic Bombing
Civilian deaths due to
Nazi persecution
Civilian deaths due Expulsion of Germans
Total
deaths
Deaths as
% of 1939
population

Austria
6,653,000[17]
250,000[161] to 261,000[162]
24,000[161][163]
100,000[164]

370,000[164]
5.56

Germany (within 1937 borders)[165]
69,300,000[51]
3,760,000[161] to 4,456,000[166]
353,000(1942 borders)[167] to 410,000[161][168]
300,000[169] to 500,000[170][171]
400,000[172] to 1,225,000[161]
5,700,000[173]
8.23

Foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe[174]
7,423,000[175]
430,000[176] to 538,000[53]

200,000[177] to 886,000[178]
738,000[166][177] to 1,316,000[179]
9.96 to 17.76

Foreign nationals in western Europe
215,000[180]
63,000[53]

63,000[53]
29.3

Approx. Totals
83,500,000
4,440,000[181] to 5,318,000[53]
353,000[167] to 434,000[182]
400,000[183][170] to 600,000[170][171][183]
600,000[184] to 2,111,000[185]
6,900,000 to 7,400,000
8.26 to 8.86

text: German sources do not provide figures for Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany. Russian historian G.Krivosheev puts the losses of the "Vlasovites, Balts and Muslims etc." in German service at 215,000[186][187]

text: USSR

text: The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[13]^AY4

text:
Soviet Republic
Population 1940 (within 1946-91 borders)
Military deaths
Civilian deaths due to
military activity and crimes against humanity
Civilian deaths due to
war related famine and disease
Total
Deaths as % of 1940 population

Armenia
1,320,000
150,000

30,000
180,000
13.6%

Azerbaijan
3,270,000
210,000

90,000
300,000
9.1%

Belarus
9,050,000
620,000
1,360,000
310,000
2,290,000
25.3%

Estonia
1,050,000
30,000
50,000

80,000
7.6%

Georgia
3,610,000
190,000

110,000
300,000
8.3%

Kazakhstan
6,150,000
310,000

350,000
660,000
10.7%

Kyrgyzstan
1,530,000
70,000

50,000
120,000
7.8%

Latvia
1,890,000
30,000
190,000
40,000
260,000
13.7%

Lithuania
2,930,000
25,000
275,000
75,000
375,000
12.7%

Moldova
2,470,000
50,000
75,000
45,000
170,000
6.9%

Russia
110,100,000
6,750,000
4,100,000
3,100,000
13,950,000
12.7%

Tajikistan
1,530,000
50,000

70,000
120,000
7.8%

Turkmenistan
1,300,000
70,000

30,000
100,000
7.7%

Ukraine
41,340,000
1,650,000
3,700,000
1,500,000
6,850,000
16.3%

Uzbekistan
6,550,000
330,000

220,000
550,000
8.4%

Unidentified
–
165,000
130,000

295,000

Total USSR
194,090,000
10,600,000
10,000,000
6,000,000
26,600,000
13.7%

text: The source of the figures is Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow, 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1. pp 21–35. Erlikman, a Russian historian, notes that these figures are his estimates.

text:
The population listed here of 194.090 million is taken from Soviet era sources. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598 million.[188][189]
According to Russian estimates the population in 1939 included 20.268 million in the territories annexed by the USSR from 1939–40: the eastern regions of Poland 12.983 million; Lithuania 2.440 million; Latvia 1.951 million; Estonia 1.122 million; Romanian Bessarabia and Bukovina 3.7 million; less transfers out of (392,000) ethnic Germans deported during the Nazi–Soviet population transfers; the Anders Army (120,000); the First Polish Army (1944–45) (26,000) and Zakerzonia & the Belastok Region (1,392,000) which was returned to Poland in 1945.[188][190][191]
Russian sources estimate post war population transfers resulted in a net loss of (622,000). The additions were the annexation of the Carpatho-Ukraine 725,000; the Tuvan People's Republic 81,000; the remaining population on South Sakhalin 29,000 and in the Kaliningrad Oblast 5,000; and the deportation of Ukrainians from Poland to the USSR in 1944-47 518,000. The transfers out included the flight and expulsion of Poles from the USSR 1944-47 (1,529,000) and the post war emigration to the west (451,000) [188][192][193] According to Viktor Zemskov 3/4 of the post war emigration to the west was of persons who were from the territories annexed in 1939-40[194]
Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23 million less the net population transfers out of 3 million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the Anders Army ; 392,000 Germans who left in the era of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and 400,000 Jews, Romanians, Germans Czech and Hungarians who emigrated after the war [195][4] The Polish government-in-exile put the population of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union at 13.199 million [196]
Polish sources put the number of refugees from the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union living in post war Poland at about 2.2 million, about 700,000 more than those listed in the Soviet sources of Poles repatriated. The difference is due to the fact that Poles from the eastern regions who were deported to Germany during the war or had fled Volhynia and Eastern Galicia were not included in the figures of the organized transfers in 1944-47.[197]
Figures for Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania include about two million civilian dead that are also listed in Polish sources in the total war dead of Poland. Polish historian Krystyna Kersten estimated losses of about two million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union.[198] The formal transfer of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union occurred with the Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945.
According to Erlikman, in addition to the war dead, there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression. (200,000 executed; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died)[199]

text: Holocaust deaths

text: Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust.

text: Jewish deaths

text: The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II. Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7 million (78%) of the 7.3 million Jews in German occupied Europe were Holocaust victims.[200] Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9 million Jews.[201]

text: Statistical breakdown of Jewish dead:

text:
In Nazi extermination camps: according to Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers, 2,830,000 Jews were murdered in the Nazi death camps (500,000 Belzec; 150,000 Sobibor; 850,000 Treblinka; 150,000 Chełmno; 1,100,000 Auschwitz; 80,000 Majdanek).[202] Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the death camps, including Romanian Transnistria, at 3.0 million.[203]
In the USSR by the Einsatzgruppen: Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the area of the mobile killing groups at 1.4 million.[203]
Aggravated deaths in the Ghettos of Nazi-occupied Europe: Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the Ghettos at 700,000.[203]
Yad Vashem has identified the names of four million Jewish Holocaust dead.[204]

text: The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust.[201] The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added.

text:
Country
Pre-war Jewish population[201] in 1933
Low estimate deaths[201]
High estimate deaths.[201]
Low %
High %
Average %

Austria
191,000 (see footnote)
50,000
65,000
26.2%
34.0%
30.1%

Belgium
60,000 (see footnote)
25,000
29,000
41.7%
48.3%
45.0%

Czech Republic[205]
92,000
77,000
78,300
83.7%
85.1%
84.4%

Denmark
8,000
60
116
0.8 %
1.5%
1.1%

Estonia
4,600
1,500
2,000
32.6%
43.5%
38.0%

France
260,000 (see footnote)
75,000
77,000
28.8%
29.6%
29.2%

Germany
566,000 (see footnote)
135,000
142,000
23.9%
25.1%
24.5%

Greece
73,000
59,000
67,000
80.8%
91.8%
86.3%

Hungary (borders 1940)[206]
725,000
502,000
569,000
69.2%
78.5%
73.9%

Italy
48,000
6,500
9,000
13.5%
18.8%
16.1%

Latvia
95,000
70,000
72,000
73.7%
75.8%
74.7%

Lithuania
155,000
130,000
143,000
83.9%
92.3%
88.1%

Luxembourg
3,500
1,000
2,000
28.6%
57.1%
42.9%

Netherlands
112,000 (see footnote)
100,000
105,000
89.3%
93.8%
91.5%

Norway
1,700
800
800
47.1%
47.1%
47.1%

Poland (borders 1939)
3,250,000
2,700,000
3,000,000
83.1%
92.3%
87.7%

Romania (borders 1940)
441,000
121,000
287,000
27.4%
65.1%
46.3%

Slovakia
89,000
60,000
71,000
67.4%
79.8%
73.6%

Soviet Union (borders 1939)
2,825,000
700,000
1,100,000
24.8%
38.9%
31.9%

Yugoslavia
68,000
56,000
65,000
82.4%
95.6%
89.0%

Total
9,067,000
4,869,860
5,894,716
50.4% (avg.)
59.7% (avg.)
55.1% (avg.)

text:
The total population figures from 1933 listed here are taken from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. From 1933 to 1939 about 400,000 Jews fled Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. Some of these refugees were in western Europe when Germany occupied these countries in 1940. In 1940 there were 30,000 Jewish refugees in the Netherlands, 12,000 in Belgium, 30,000 in France, 2,000 in Denmark, 5,000 in Italy, and 2,000 in Norway[207]
Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust includes those Jews who were resident in Holland in 1933. By 1940 the Jewish population had increased to 140,000 with the inclusion of 30,000 Jewish refugees.[207] In the Netherlands 8,000 Jews in mixed marriages were not subject to deportation.[208] However an article in the Dutch periodical De Groene Amsterdammer maintains that some Jews in mixed marriages were deported before the practice was ended by Hitler.[209]
Hungarian Jewish Holocaust victims within the 1939 borders were 200,000.[210]
Romanian Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 469,000 within 1939 borders, which includes 300,000 in Bessarabia and Bukovina occupied by the U.S.S.R. in 1940.[210][211]
According to Martin Gilbert, Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 8,000 in Italy, and 562 in the Italian colony of Libya[212]

text: Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces

text: Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis.[213][214]

text:
Donald L. Niewyk professor of history at Southern Methodist University maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. Using this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims is between 11 million and 17 million people.[215]
According to the College of Education of the University of South Florida Approximately 11 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy.[216]
R.J. Rummel estimated the death toll due to Nazi Democide at 20.9 million persons.[217]
Timothy Snyder put the victims of the Nazis killed only as result of deliberate policies of mass murder such as executions, deliberate famine and in death camps at 10.4 million persons including 5.4 million Jews.[218]
German scholar Hellmuth Auerbach puts the death toll in the Hitler era at 6 million Jews killed in the Holocaust and 7 million other victims of the Nazis.[219]
Dieter Pohl puts the total number of victims of the Nazi era at between 12 and 14 million persons, including 5.6–5.7 million Jews.[220]
Roma Included in the figures of total war dead are the Roma victims of the Nazi persecution; some scholars include the Roma deaths with the Holocaust. Most estimates of Roma (Gypsies) victims range from 130,000 to 500,000.[215][221] Ian Hancock, Director of the Program of Romani Studies and the Romani Archives and Documentation Center at the University of Texas at Austin, has argued in favour of a higher figure of between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Roma dead.[222] Hancock writes that, proportionately, the death toll equaled "and almost certainly exceed[ed], that of Jewish victims".[223] In a 2010 publication, Ian Hancock stated that he agrees with the view that the number of Romanis killed has been underestimated as a result of being grouped with others in Nazi records under headings such as "remainder to be liquidated", "hangers-on" and "partisans".[224]

text: The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates".[225]

text:
Country
Pre-war Roma population
Low estimate victims
High estimate victims

Austria
11,200
6,800
8,250

Belgium
600
350
500

Czech Republic[205]
13,000
5,000
6,500

Estonia
1,000
500
1,000

France
40,000
15,150
15,150

Germany
20,000
15,000
15,000

Greece
?
50
50

Hungary
100,000
1,000
28,000

Italy
25,000
1,000
1,000

Latvia
5,000
1,500
2,500

Lithuania
1,000
500
1,000

Luxembourg
200
100
200

Netherlands
500
215
500

Poland
50,000
8,000
35,000

Romania
300,000
19,000
36,000

Slovakia
80,000
400
10,000

Soviet Union (borders 1939)
200,000
30,000
35,000

Yugoslavia
100,000
26,000
90,000

Total
947,500
130,565
285,650

text:
Handicapped persons: 200,000 to 250,000 handicapped persons were killed.[226] A 2003 report by the German Federal Archive put the total murdered during the Action T4 and Action 14f13 programs at 200,000.[227][228]
Prisoners of War: POW deaths in Nazi captivity totalled 3.1 million[229] including 2.6 to 3 million Soviet prisoners of war.[230]
Ethnic Poles: According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "It is estimated that the Germans killed at least 1.9 million non-Jewish Polish civilians during World War II." [231] They maintain that "Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war."[232] However the Polish government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) in 2009 estimated 2,770,000 ethnic Polish deaths due to the German occupation[233] (see World War II casualties of Poland).
Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians: According to Nazi ideology, Slavs were useless sub-humans. As such, their leaders, the Soviet elite, were to be killed and the remainder of the population enslaved or expelled further eastward. As a result, millions of civilians in the Soviet Union were deliberately killed, starved, or worked to death.[234] Contemporary Russian sources use the terms "genocide" and "premeditated extermination" when referring to civilian losses in the occupied USSR. Civilians killed in reprisals during the Soviet partisan war and wartime-related famine account for a major part of the huge toll.[235] The Cambridge History of Russia puts overall civilian deaths in the Nazi-occupied USSR at 13.7 million persons including 2 million Jews. There were an additional 2.6 million deaths in the interior regions of the Soviet Union. The authors maintain "scope for error in this number is very wide". At least 1 million perished in the wartime GULAG camps or in deportations. Other deaths occurred in the wartime evacuations and due to war related malnutrition and disease in the interior. The authors maintain that both Stalin and Hitler "were both responsible but in different ways for these deaths", and "In short the general picture of Soviet wartime losses suggests a jigsaw puzzle. The general outline is clear: people died in colossal numbers but in many different miserable and terrible circumstances. But individual pieces of the puzzle do not fit well; some overlap and others are yet to be found".[236] Bohdan Wytwycky maintained that civilian losses of 3.0 million Ukrainians and 1.4 million Belarusians "were racially motivated".[237][238] According to Paul Robert Magocsi, between 1941 and 1945, approximately 3,000,000 Ukrainian and other non-Jewish victims were killed as part of Nazi extermination policies in the territory of modern Ukraine.[239] Dieter Pohl puts the total number of victims of the Nazi policies in the USSR at 500,000 civilians killed in the repression of partisans, 1.0 million victims of the Nazi Hunger Plan, c. 3.0 million Soviet POW and 1.0 million Jews (in pre-war borders).[240] Soviet author Georgiy A. Kumanev put the civilian death toll in the Nazi-occupied USSR at 8.2 million (4.0 million Ukrainians, 2.5 million Belarusians, and 1.7 million Russians).[241] A report published by the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1995 put the death toll due to the German occupation at 13.7 million civilians (including Jews): 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 2.2 million persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4.1 million famine and disease deaths in occupied territory. Sources published in the Soviet Union were cited to support these figures.[242]
Homosexuals: According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "Between 1933 and 1945 the police arrested an estimated 100,000 men as homosexuals. Most of the 50,000 men sentenced by the courts spent time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 15,000 were interned in concentration camps." They also noted that there are no known statistics for the number of homosexuals who died in the camps.[243]
Other victims of Nazi persecution: Between 1,000 and 2,000 Roman Catholic clergy,[244] about 1,000 Jehovah's Witnesses,[245] and an unknown number of Freemasons[246] perished in Nazi prisons and camps. "The fate of black people from 1933-45 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder."[247] During the Nazi era Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, and trade union leaders were victims of Nazi persecution.[248]
Serbs: The numbers of Serbs murdered by the Ustaše is the subject of debate and estimates vary widely. Yad Vashem estimates over 500,000 murdered, 250,000 expelled and 200,000 forcibly converted to Catholicism.[249] The estimate of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is that the Ustaše murdered between 320,000 and 340,000 ethnic Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia between 1941–45, with roughly 45,000 to 52,000 murdered at the Jasenovac concentration camp alone.[250] According to the Wiesenthal Center at least 90,000 Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and anti-fascist Croatians perished at the hands of the Ustashe at the camp at Jasenovac.[251] According to Yugoslav sources published in the Tito era the estimates of the number of Serb victims range from 200,000 to at least 600,000 persons.[252] See also World War II persecution of Serbs.

text: Japanese war crimes

text: Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes.

text: R. J. Rummel estimates the civilian victims of Japanese democide at 5,424,000. Detailed by country: China 3,695,000; Indochina 457,000; Korea 378,000; Indonesia 375,000; Malaya-Singapore 283,000; Philippines 119,000, Burma 60,000 and Pacific Islands 57,000.

text: Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian deaths at 20,365,000. Detailed by country: China 12,392,000; Indochina 1,500,000; Korea 500,000; Dutch East Indies 3,000,000; Malaya and Singapore 100,000; Philippines 500,000; Burma 170,000; Forced laborers in Southeast Asia 70,000, 30,000 interned non-Asian civilians; Timor 60,000; Thailand and Pacific Islands 60,000.[254]

text:
Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity.[255]
There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease.[256][257]

text: Oppression in the Soviet Union

text: The total war dead in the USSR includes victims of Soviet oppression. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages.[258] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal.[259] Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons.[260] The Russian scholar Viktor Zemskov puts the death toll from 1941–1945 at about 1 million based on data from the Soviet archives.[261] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era.[262][263] Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll.[264][265] Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB.[266] Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre.[267] Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 1939–40 and 5,458,000 from 1941–1945.[268] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps.[269]

text: In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation.[198] Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths at 90,000–100,000 of the 1.0 million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets.[270] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000.[271]

text: The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 1940–1941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. After the reoccupation by the U.S.S.R., 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 1944–45.[272]

text:
The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives:
Reported deaths for the years 1939–1945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629.[273]

text:
Deported to special settlements: (figures are for deportations to Special Settlements only, not including those executed, sent to Gulag labor camps or conscripted into the Soviet Army. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war).
Deported from annexed territories 1940–41 380,000 to 390,000 persons, including: Poland 309–312,000; Lithuania 17,500; Latvia 17,000; Estonia 6,000; Moldova 22,842.[274] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets.[275]
Deported during the War 1941–1945 about 2.3 million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000;Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000.[276]
A total of 2,230,500[277] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 1941–1948.[278]

text: Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069).[279] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3 million.[280]

text: Military casualties by branch of service

text:
Country
Branch of service
Number served
Killed/missing
Wounded
Prisoners of war Captured
Percent killed

Germany
Army[281]
13,600,000
4,202,000

30.9

Germany
Air Force (including infantry units)[281]
2,500,000
433,000

17.3

Germany
Navy[281]
1,200,000
138,000

11.5

Germany
Waffen SS[281]
900,000
314,000

34.9

Germany
Volkssturm and other Paramilitary Forces[281]

231,000

Germany
Total (incl. conscripted foreigners)
18,200,000
5,318,000
6,035,000
11,100,000
29.2

Japan[282][283]
Army (1937–1945)
6,300,000
1,326,076
85,600
30,000
24.2

Japan
Navy (1941–1945)
2,100,000
414,879
8,900
10,000
19.8

Japan
POW dead after Surrender.[284][285][286]

381,000

Japan
Imperial Japan Total
8,400,000
2,121,955
94,500
40,000
25.3

Italy
Army
3,040,000
246,432

8.1

Italy
Navy
259,082[287]
31,347

12.0

Italy
Air Force
130,000[288]
13,210

10.2

Italy
Partisan forces
80,000[289] to 250,000[290][291]
35,828

14 to 44

Italy
RSI forces
520,000[292]
13,021 to 35,000

2.5 to 6.7

Italy
Total Italy
3,430,000[293][294]
319,207[295] to 341,000
320,000
1,300,000[296]
9.3 to 9.9

Soviet Union (1939–40)
All branches of service[297]

136,945
205,924

Soviet Union (1941–45)
All branches of service[298]
34,476,700
8,668,400
14,685,593
4,050,000
25.1

Soviet Union
Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service (see note below)[299]

500,000

Soviet Union
Civilians in POW camps (see note below)[300]

1,000,000

1,750,000

Soviet Union
Paramilitary and Soviet partisan units[301]

400,000

Soviet Union
Total Soviet Forces
34,476,700
10,725,345
14,915,517
5,750,000
31.1

British Empire and Commonwealth[302][303][304]
All branches of service
17,843,000
580,497
475,000
318,000
3.3

United States[305]
Army[306]
11,260,000
318,274
565,861
124,079[306][307]
2.8

United States
Air Force (included with Army)[306]
(3,400,000)
(88,119)
(17,360)

2.5

United States
Navy
4,183,446
62,614
37,778
3,848[308]
1.5

United States
Marine Corps
669,100
24,511
68,207
2,274[309][310]
3.7

United States
Coast Guard[311]
241,093
1,917

0.8

United States
Public Health Service Commissioned Corps[312]
2,600
8[313]

0.3

United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps[314]

3

United States
Total U.S. Armed Forces
16,353,639
407,316
671,846
130,201[315][316]
2.5

text: Germany

text:
The number killed in action was 2,303,320; died of wounds, disease or accidents 500,165; 11,000 sentenced to death by court martial; 2,007,571 missing in action or unaccounted for after the war; 25,000 suicides; 12,000 unknown;[317] 459,475 confirmed POW deaths, of whom 77,000 were in the custody of the U.S., UK and France; and 363,000 in Soviet custody. POW deaths includes 266,000 in the post-war period after June 1945, primarily in Soviet captivity.[318]
Rüdiger Overmans writes "It seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one half of the 1.5 million missing on the eastern front were killed in action, the other half (700,000) however in fact died in Soviet custody".[319]
Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces POW taken in the war.[320]

tag: ol

text: USSR

text:
Estimated total Soviet military war dead from 1941–45 on the Eastern Front (World War II) including missing in action, POWs and Soviet partisans range from 8.6 to 10.6 million.[301] There were an additional 127,000 war dead in 1939–40 during the Winter War with Finland.[321]
The official figures for military war dead and missing from 1941–45 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths.[322] 500,000 missing in action and 1,103,300 POW dead and another 180,000 liberated POWs who most likely emigrated to other countries.[323][324][325] Figures include Navy losses of 154,771.[326] Non-combat deaths include 157,000 sentenced to death by court martial.[327]
Casualties in 1939–40 include the following dead and missing, Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 (8,931); Invasion of Poland of 1939 (1,139); Winter War with Finland (1939–40) (126,875).[297]
The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled.[328]
The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000; the number of Soviet POW who survived the war was 2,016,000, including 180,000 who most likely emigrated to other countries, and an additional 939,700 POW and MIA who were redrafted as territory was liberated. This leaves 1,103,000 POW dead. However, western historians put the number of POW held by the Germans at 5.7 million and about 3 million as dead in captivity (in the official Russian figures 1.1 million are military POW and remaining balance of about 2 million are included with civilian war dead).[323][329]
Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up, primarily in 1941, who were killed in battle or died as POWs before being listed on active strength. Soviet and Russian sources classify these losses as civilian deaths.[330]

text: British Commonwealth

text:
Number served: UK and Crown Colonies (5,896,000); India-(British colonial administration) (2,582,000), Australia (993,000); Canada (1,100,000); New Zealand (295,000); South Africa (250,000).[331]
Total war related deaths reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission: UK and Crown Colonies (383,786); India-(British colonial administration) (87,032), Australia (40,464); Canada (45,383); New Zealand (11,929); South Africa (11,903).[332]
Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone(according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. Royal Navy (50,758); British Army (144,079); Royal Air Force (69,606).[333][334]
Wounded: UK and Crown Colonies (284,049); India-(British colonial administration) (64,354), Australia (39,803); Canada (53,174); New Zealand (19,314); South Africa (14,363).[303][335][336]
Prisoner of war: UK and Crown Colonies (180,488); India-(British colonial administration) (79,481); Australia (26,358); South Africa (14,750); Canada (9,334); New Zealand (8,415).[303][335][336]
The Debt of Honour Register from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1.7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars.[337]

text: U.S.

text:
Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents)[306] were 292,131: Army 234,874 (including Army Air Forces 52,173); Navy 36,950; Marine Corps 19,733; and Coast Guard 574 (185,924 deaths occurred in the European/Atlantic theater of operations and 106,207 deaths occurred in Asia/Pacific theater of operations).[306][338]
During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany).[339]
During World War II, 1.2 million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. 350,000 American women served in the Armed Forces during World War II and 16 were killed in action.[340] During World War II, 26,000 Japanese-Americans served in the Armed Forces and over 800 were killed in action.[341]

text: Commonwealth military casualties

text: The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Annual Report 2014–2015[342] is the source of the military dead for the British Empire. The war dead totals listed in the report are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. The statistics tabulated by the CWGC are representative of the number of names commemorated for all servicemen/women of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth and former UK Dependencies, whose death was attributable to their war service. Some auxiliary and civilian organizations are also accorded war grave status if death occurred under certain specified conditions. For the purposes of CWGC the dates of inclusion for Commonwealth War Dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947.

text: Charts and graphs

text:
Military and civilian deaths during World War II for the Allied and the Axis Powers.

Axis Military personnel killed, percentage by country.

Allies Military personnel killed, percentage by country.

World War II Military Deaths by Country (using Wikipedia's cited numbers)