document_title: List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

question_text: who is the youngest justices currently sitting on the supreme court

text: Current justices of the Supreme Court[edit]

text: There are currently nine justices serving on the Supreme Court; listed in order of seniority, they are:

text: John Roberts,Chief Justicesince September 29, 2005Age 7004232860000000000♠63[12]

text:
Clarence Thomas,Associate Justicesince October 23, 1991Age 7004256950000000000♠70[13]

Ruth Bader Ginsburg,Associate Justicesince August 10, 1993Age 7004312740000000000♠85[14]

Stephen Breyer,Associate Justicesince August 3, 1994Age 7004292950000000000♠80[15]

Samuel Alito,Associate Justicesince January 31, 2006Age 7004250480000000000♠68[16]

text:
Sonia Sotomayor,Associate Justicesince August 8, 2009Age 7004235020000000000♠64[17]

Elena Kagan,Associate Justicesince August 7, 2010Age 7004213680000000000♠58[18]

Neil Gorsuch,Associate Justicesince April 10, 2017Age 7004186890000000000♠51[19]

Brett Kavanaugh,Associate Justicesince October 6, 2018Age 7004196170000000000♠53[20]

text: All justices of the Supreme Court[edit]

text: Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 114 persons have served on the Court. The length of service on the Court for the 105 non-incumbent justices ranges from William O. Douglas's 36 years, 211 days to the 163-day tenure of Thomas Johnson. As of October 29, 2018, the length of service for the nine incumbent justices ranges from Clarence Thomas' 7003986800000000000♠27 years, 6 days to Brett Kavanaugh's 7001230000000000000♠23 days. Five individuals were confirmed for associate justice, and later appointed chief justice separately: John Rutledge,[a] Edward Douglass White,[b] Charles Evans Hughes,[a] Harlan F. Stone,[b] and William Rehnquist.[b] While listed twice, each of them has been assigned only one index number. The justices of the Supreme Court are:[21][22]

text:
Justice

State[c]

Position

Replacing

Date confirmed(Vote)

Tenure

Tenure length[d]

Appointed by

1

John Jay(1745–1829)

NY

ChiefJustice

New seat

September 26, 1789(Acclamation)

October 19, 1789–June 29, 1795(Resigned)

7003207900000000000♠5 years, 253 days

George Washington

2

John Rutledge(1739–1800)

SC

AssociateJustice

New seat

September 26, 1789(Acclamation)

February 15, 1790–March 4, 1791(Resigned)

7002382000000000000♠1 year, 17 days

3

William Cushing(1732–1810)

MA

AssociateJustice

New seat

September 26, 1789(Acclamation)

February 2, 1790–September 13, 1810(Died)

7003752700000000000♠20 years, 223 days

4

James Wilson(1742–1798)

PA

AssociateJustice

New seat

September 26, 1789(Acclamation)

October 5, 1789–August 21, 1798(Died)

7003324200000000000♠8 years, 320 days

5

John Blair(1732–1800)

VA

AssociateJustice

New seat

September 26, 1789(Acclamation)

February 2, 1790–October 25, 1795(Resigned)

7003209100000000000♠5 years, 265 days

6

James Iredell(1751–1799)

NC

AssociateJustice

New seat

February 10, 1790(Acclamation)

May 12, 1790–October 20, 1799(Died)

7003344800000000000♠9 years, 161 days

7

Thomas Johnson(1732–1819)

MD

AssociateJustice

J. Rutledge

November 7, 1791(Acclamation)

August 6, 1792[e]–January 16, 1793(Resigned)

7002163000000000000♠163 days

8

William Paterson(1745–1806)

NJ

AssociateJustice

T. Johnson

March 4, 1793(Acclamation)

March 11, 1793–September 8, 1806(Died)

7003492800000000000♠13 years, 181 days

2

John Rutledge(1739–1800)

SC

ChiefJustice

Jay

December 15, 1795(10–14)[f]

August 12, 1795[e]–December 28, 1795(Resigned, nomination having been rejected)

7002138000000000000♠138 days

9

Samuel Chase[g](1741–1811)

MD

AssociateJustice

Blair

January 27, 1796(Acclamation)

February 4, 1796–June 19, 1811(Died)

7003561300000000000♠15 years, 135 days

10

Oliver Ellsworth(1745–1807)

CT

ChiefJustice

J. Rutledge

March 4, 1796(21–1)

March 8, 1796–December 15, 1800(Resigned)

7003174200000000000♠4 years, 282 days

11

Bushrod Washington(1762–1829)

VA

AssociateJustice

Wilson

December 20, 1798(Acclamation)

November 9, 1798[e]–November 26, 1829(Died)

7004113390000000000♠31 years, 17 days

John Adams

12

Alfred Moore(1755–1810)

NC

AssociateJustice

Iredell

December 9, 1799(Acclamation)

April 21, 1800–January 26, 1804(Resigned)

7003137500000000000♠3 years, 280 days

13

John Marshall(1755–1835)

VA

ChiefJustice

Ellsworth

January 27, 1801(Acclamation)

February 4, 1801–July 6, 1835(Died)

7004125700000000000♠34 years, 152 days

14

William Johnson(1771–1834)

SC

AssociateJustice

Moore

March 24, 1804(Acclamation)

May 7, 1804–August 4, 1834(Died)

7004110460000000000♠30 years, 89 days

Thomas Jefferson

15

Henry Brockholst Livingston(1757–1823)

NY

AssociateJustice

Paterson

December 17, 1806(Acclamation)

January 20, 1807–March 18, 1823(Died)

7003590100000000000♠16 years, 57 days

16

Thomas Todd(1765–1826)

KY

AssociateJustice

New seat

March 2, 1807(Acclamation)

March 3, 1807–February 7, 1826(Died)

7003691600000000000♠18 years, 341 days

17

Gabriel Duvall(1752–1844)

MD

AssociateJustice

S. Chase

November 18, 1811(Acclamation)

November 23, 1811–January 12, 1835(Resigned)

7003845100000000000♠23 years, 50 days

James Madison

18

Joseph Story(1779–1845)

MA

AssociateJustice

Cushing

November 18, 1811(Acclamation)

February 3, 1812–September 10, 1845(Died)

7004122730000000000♠33 years, 219 days

19

Smith Thompson(1768–1843)

NY

AssociateJustice

Livingston

December 9, 1823(Acclamation)

September 1, 1823[e]–December 18, 1843(Died)

7003741300000000000♠20 years, 108 days

James Monroe

20

Robert Trimble(1776–1828)

KY

AssociateJustice

Todd

May 9, 1826(25–5)

June 16, 1826–August 25, 1828(Died)

7002801000000000000♠2 years, 70 days

John Quincy Adams

21

John McLean(1785–1861)

OH

AssociateJustice

Trimble

March 7, 1829(Acclamation)

January 11, 1830–April 4, 1861(Died)

7004114060000000000♠31 years, 83 days

Andrew Jackson

22

Henry Baldwin(1780–1844)

PA

AssociateJustice

Washington

January 6, 1830(41–2)

January 18, 1830–April 21, 1844(Died)

7003520700000000000♠14 years, 94 days

23

James Moore Wayne(1790–1867)

GA

AssociateJustice

W. Johnson

January 9, 1835(Acclamation)

January 14, 1835–July 5, 1867(Died)

7004118600000000000♠32 years, 172 days

24

Roger B. Taney(1777–1864)

MD

ChiefJustice

J. Marshall

March 15, 1836(29–15)

March 28, 1836–October 12, 1864(Died)

7004104250000000000♠28 years, 198 days

25

Philip Pendleton Barbour(1783–1841)

VA

AssociateJustice

Duvall

March 15, 1836(30–11)

May 12, 1836–February 25, 1841(Died)

7003175000000000000♠4 years, 289 days

26

John Catron(1786–1865)

TN

AssociateJustice

New seat

March 8, 1837(28–15)

May 1, 1837–May 30, 1865(Died)

7004102560000000000♠28 years, 29 days

27

John McKinley(1780–1852)

AL

AssociateJustice

New seat

September 25, 1837(Acclamation)

January 9, 1838–July 19, 1852(Died)

7003530500000000000♠14 years, 192 days

Martin Van Buren

28

Peter Vivian Daniel(1784–1860)

VA

AssociateJustice

Barbour

March 2, 1841(25–5)

January 10, 1842–May 31, 1860(Died)

7003671600000000000♠18 years, 142 days

29

Samuel Nelson(1792–1873)

NY

AssociateJustice

Thompson

February 14, 1845(Acclamation)

February 27, 1845–November 28, 1872(Retired)

7004101360000000000♠27 years, 275 days

John Tyler

30

Levi Woodbury(1789–1851)

NH

AssociateJustice

Story

January 31, 1846(Acclamation)

September 23, 1845[e]–September 4, 1851(Died)

7003217200000000000♠5 years, 346 days

James K. Polk

31

Robert Cooper Grier(1794–1870)

PA

AssociateJustice

Baldwin

August 4, 1846(Acclamation)

August 10, 1846–January 31, 1870(Retired)

7003857500000000000♠23 years, 174 days

32

Benjamin Robbins Curtis(1809–1874)

MA

AssociateJustice

Woodbury

December 20, 1851(Acclamation)

October 10, 1851[e]–September 30, 1857(Resigned)

7003218200000000000♠5 years, 355 days

Millard Fillmore

33

John Archibald Campbell(1811–1889)

AL

AssociateJustice

McKinley

March 22, 1853(Acclamation)

April 11, 1853–April 30, 1861(Resigned)

7003294100000000000♠8 years, 19 days

Franklin Pierce

34

Nathan Clifford(1803–1881)

ME

AssociateJustice

Curtis

January 12, 1858(26–23)

January 21, 1858–July 25, 1881(Died)

7003858600000000000♠23 years, 185 days

James Buchanan

35

Noah Haynes Swayne(1804–1884)

OH

AssociateJustice

McLean

January 24, 1862(38–1)

January 27, 1862–January 24, 1881(Retired)

7003693700000000000♠18 years, 363 days

Abraham Lincoln

36

Samuel Freeman Miller(1816–1890)

IA

AssociateJustice

Daniel

July 16, 1862(Acclamation)

July 21, 1862–October 13, 1890(Died)

7004103110000000000♠28 years, 84 days

37

David Davis(1815–1886)

IL

AssociateJustice

Campbell

December 8, 1862(Acclamation)

December 10, 1862[e]–March 4, 1877(Resigned)

7003519800000000000♠14 years, 84 days

38

Stephen Johnson Field(1816–1899)

CA

AssociateJustice

New seat

March 10, 1863(Acclamation)

May 10, 1863–December 1, 1897(Retired)

7004126240000000000♠34 years, 205 days

39

Salmon P. Chase(1808–1873)

OH

ChiefJustice

Taney

December 6, 1864(Acclamation)

December 15, 1864–May 7, 1873(Died)

7003306500000000000♠8 years, 143 days

40

William Strong(1808–1895)

PA

AssociateJustice

Grier

February 18, 1870(No vote recorded)

March 14, 1870–December 14, 1880(Retired)

7003392800000000000♠10 years, 275 days

Ulysses S. Grant

41

Joseph Philo Bradley(1813–1892)

NJ

AssociateJustice

New seat

March 21, 1870(46–9)

March 23, 1870–January 22, 1892(Died)

7003797500000000000♠21 years, 305 days

42

Ward Hunt(1810–1886)

NY

AssociateJustice

Nelson

December 11, 1872(Acclamation)

January 9, 1873–January 27, 1882(Retired)

7003330500000000000♠9 years, 18 days

43

Morrison Waite(1816–1888)

OH

ChiefJustice

S. P. Chase

January 21, 1874(63–0)

March 4, 1874–March 23, 1888(Died)

7003513300000000000♠14 years, 19 days

44

John Marshall Harlan(1833–1911)

KY

AssociateJustice

Davis

November 29, 1877(Acclamation)

December 10, 1877–October 14, 1911(Died)

7004123600000000000♠33 years, 308 days

Rutherford B. Hayes

45

William Burnham Woods(1824–1887)

GA

AssociateJustice

Strong

December 21, 1880(39–8)

January 5, 1881–May 14, 1887(Died)

7003232000000000000♠6 years, 129 days

46

Stanley Matthews(1824–1889)

OH

AssociateJustice

Swayne

May 12, 1881(24–23)

May 17, 1881–March 22, 1889(Died)

7003286600000000000♠7 years, 309 days

James Garfield

47

Horace Gray(1828–1902)

MA

AssociateJustice

Clifford

December 20, 1881(51–5)

January 9, 1882–September 15, 1902(Died)

7003755300000000000♠20 years, 249 days

Chester A. Arthur

48

Samuel Blatchford(1820–1893)

NY

AssociateJustice

Hunt

March 22, 1882(Acclamation)

April 3, 1882–July 7, 1893(Died)

7003411300000000000♠11 years, 95 days

49

Lucius QuintusCincinnatus Lamar II(1825–1893)

MS

AssociateJustice

Woods

January 16, 1888(32–28)

January 18, 1888–January 23, 1893(Died)

7003183200000000000♠5 years, 5 days

Grover Cleveland

50

Melville Fuller(1833–1910)

IL

ChiefJustice

Waite

July 20, 1888(41–20)

October 8, 1888–July 4, 1910(Died)

7003793800000000000♠21 years, 269 days

51

David Josiah Brewer(1837–1910)

KS

AssociateJustice

Matthews

December 18, 1889(53–11)

January 6, 1890–March 28, 1910(Died)

7003738500000000000♠20 years, 81 days

Benjamin Harrison

52

Henry Billings Brown(1836–1913)

MI

AssociateJustice

Miller

December 29, 1890(Acclamation)

January 5, 1891–May 28, 1906(Retired)

7003598600000000000♠16 years, 143 days

53

George Shiras, Jr.(1832–1924)

PA

AssociateJustice

Bradley

July 26, 1892(Acclamation)

October 10, 1892–February 23, 1903(Retired)

7003378700000000000♠10 years, 136 days

54

Howell Edmunds Jackson(1832–1895)

TN

AssociateJustice

L. Lamar

February 18, 1893(Acclamation)

March 4, 1893–August 8, 1895(Died)

7002887000000000000♠2 years, 157 days

55

Edward Douglass White(1845–1921)

LA

AssociateJustice

Blatchford

February 19, 1894(Acclamation)

March 12, 1894–December 18, 1910(Continued as chief justice)

7003612400000000000♠16 years, 281 days

Grover Cleveland

56

Rufus Wheeler Peckham(1838–1909)

NY

AssociateJustice

H. Jackson

December 9, 1895(Acclamation)

January 6, 1896–October 24, 1909(Died)

7003503900000000000♠13 years, 291 days

57

Joseph McKenna(1843–1926)

CA

AssociateJustice[h]

Field

January 21, 1898(Acclamation)

January 26, 1898–January 5, 1925(Retired)

7003984000000000000♠26 years, 345 days

William McKinley

58

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.(1841–1935)

MA

AssociateJustice[i]

Gray

December 4, 1902(Acclamation)

December 8, 1902–January 12, 1932(Retired)

7004106270000000000♠29 years, 35 days

Theodore Roosevelt

59

William R. Day(1849–1923)

OH

AssociateJustice

Shiras

February 23, 1903(Acclamation)

March 2, 1903–November 13, 1922(Retired)

7003719600000000000♠19 years, 256 days

60

William Henry Moody(1853–1917)

MA

AssociateJustice

Brown

December 12, 1906(Acclamation)

December 17, 1906–November 20, 1910(Retired)

7003143400000000000♠3 years, 338 days

61

Horace Harmon Lurton(1844–1914)

TN

AssociateJustice

Peckham

December 20, 1909(Acclamation)

January 3, 1910–July 12, 1914(Died)

7003166500000000000♠4 years, 204 days

William Howard Taft

62

Charles Evans Hughes(1862–1948)

NY

AssociateJustice

Brewer

May 2, 1910(Acclamation)

October 10, 1910–June 10, 1916(Resigned)

7003207000000000000♠5 years, 244 days

55

Edward Douglass White(1845–1921)

LA

ChiefJustice

Fuller

December 12, 1910(Acclamation)

December 19, 1910–May 19, 1921(Died)

7003380400000000000♠10 years, 151 days

63

Willis Van Devanter(1859–1941)

WY

AssociateJustice

E. D. White

December 15, 1910(Acclamation)

January 3, 1911[j]–June 2, 1937(Retired)

7003964700000000000♠26 years, 150 days

64

Joseph Rucker Lamar(1857–1916)

GA

AssociateJustice

Moody

December 15, 1910(Acclamation)

January 3, 1911[j]–January 2, 1916(Died)

7003182500000000000♠4 years, 364 days

65

Mahlon Pitney(1858–1924)

NJ

AssociateJustice

J. Harlan

March 13, 1912(50–26)

March 18, 1912–December 31, 1922(Resigned)

7003394000000000000♠10 years, 288 days

66

James Clark McReynolds(1862–1946)

TN

AssociateJustice

Lurton

August 29, 1914(44–6)

October 12, 1914–January 31, 1941(Retired)

7003960800000000000♠26 years, 111 days

Woodrow Wilson

67

Louis Brandeis(1856–1941)

KY

AssociateJustice

J. Lamar

June 1, 1916(47–22)

June 5, 1916–February 13, 1939(Retired)

7003828800000000000♠22 years, 253 days

68

John Hessin Clarke(1857–1945)

OH

AssociateJustice

Hughes

July 24, 1916(Acclamation)

October 9, 1916–September 18, 1922(Retired)

7003217000000000000♠5 years, 344 days

69

William Howard Taft(1857–1930)

CT

ChiefJustice

E. D. White

June 30, 1921(Acclamation)

July 11, 1921–February 3, 1930(Retired)

7003312900000000000♠8 years, 207 days

Warren G. Harding

70

George Sutherland(1862–1942)

UT

AssociateJustice

Clarke

September 5, 1922(Acclamation)

October 2, 1922–January 17, 1938(Retired)

7003558600000000000♠15 years, 107 days

71

Pierce Butler(1866–1939)

MN

AssociateJustice

Day

December 21, 1922(61–8)

January 2, 1923–November 16, 1939(Died)

7003616200000000000♠16 years, 318 days

72

Edward Terry Sanford(1865–1930)

TN

AssociateJustice

Pitney

January 29, 1923(Acclamation)

February 19, 1923–March 8, 1930(Died)

7003257400000000000♠7 years, 17 days

73

Harlan F. Stone(1872–1946)

NY

AssociateJustice[k]

McKenna

February 5, 1925(71–6)

March 2, 1925–July 2, 1941(Continued as chief justice)

7003596600000000000♠16 years, 122 days

Calvin Coolidge

62

Charles Evans Hughes(1862–1948)

NY

ChiefJustice

Taft

February 13, 1930(52–26)

February 24, 1930–June 30, 1941(Retired)

7003414400000000000♠11 years, 126 days

Herbert Hoover

74

Owen Josephus Roberts(1875–1955)

PA

AssociateJustice

Sanford

May 20, 1930(Acclamation)

June 2, 1930–July 31, 1945(Resigned)

7003553800000000000♠15 years, 59 days

75

Benjamin N. Cardozo(1870–1938)

NY

AssociateJustice

Holmes

February 24, 1932(Acclamation)

March 14, 1932–July 9, 1938(Died)

7003230800000000000♠6 years, 117 days

76

Hugo Black(1886–1971)

AL

AssociateJustice[l]

Van Devanter

August 17, 1937(63–16)

August 19, 1937–September 17, 1971(Retired)

7004124470000000000♠34 years, 29 days

Franklin D. Roosevelt

77

Stanley Forman Reed(1884–1980)

KY

AssociateJustice

Sutherland

January 25, 1938(Acclamation)

January 31, 1938–February 25, 1957(Retired)

7003696500000000000♠19 years, 25 days

78

Felix Frankfurter(1882–1965)

MA

AssociateJustice

Cardozo

January 17, 1939(Acclamation)

January 30, 1939–August 28, 1962(Retired)

7003861100000000000♠23 years, 210 days

79

William O. Douglas(1898–1980)

CT

AssociateJustice

Brandeis

April 4, 1939(62–4)

April 17, 1939–November 12, 1975(Retired)

7004133600000000000♠36 years, 211 days

80

Frank Murphy(1890–1949)

MI

AssociateJustice

Butler

January 16, 1940(Acclamation)

February 5, 1940–July 19, 1949(Died)

7003345200000000000♠9 years, 164 days

73

Harlan F. Stone(1872–1946)

NY

ChiefJustice

Hughes

June 27, 1941(Acclamation)

July 3, 1941–April 22, 1946 (Died)

7003175400000000000♠4 years, 293 days

81

James F. Byrnes(1882–1972)

SC

AssociateJustice

McReynolds

June 12, 1941(Acclamation)

July 8, 1941–October 3, 1942(Resigned)

7002452000000000000♠1 year, 87 days

82

Robert H. Jackson(1892–1954)

NY

AssociateJustice

Stone

July 7, 1941(Acclamation)

July 11, 1941–October 9, 1954(Died)

7003483800000000000♠13 years, 90 days

83

Wiley Blount Rutledge(1894–1949)

IA

AssociateJustice

Byrnes

February 8, 1943(Acclamation)

February 15, 1943–September 10, 1949(Died)

7003239900000000000♠6 years, 207 days

84

Harold Hitz Burton(1888–1964)

OH

AssociateJustice

O. Roberts

September 19, 1945(Acclamation)

October 1, 1945–October 13, 1958(Retired)

7003476000000000000♠13 years, 12 days

Harry S. Truman

85

Fred M. Vinson(1890–1953)

KY

ChiefJustice

Stone

June 20, 1946(Acclamation)

June 24, 1946–September 8, 1953 (Died)

7003263300000000000♠7 years, 76 days

86

Tom C. Clark(1899–1977)

TX

AssociateJustice

Murphy

August 18, 1949(73–8)

August 24, 1949–June 12, 1967(Retired)

7003650100000000000♠17 years, 292 days

87

Sherman Minton(1890–1965)

IN

AssociateJustice

W. Rutledge

October 4, 1949(48–16)

October 12, 1949–October 15, 1956(Retired)

7003256000000000000♠7 years, 3 days

88

Earl Warren(1891–1974)

CA

ChiefJustice

Vinson

March 1, 1954(Acclamation)

October 5, 1953[e]–June 23, 1969(Retired)

7003574000000000000♠15 years, 261 days

Dwight D. Eisenhower

89

John Marshall Harlan II(1899–1971)

NY

AssociateJustice

R. Jackson

March 16, 1955(71–11)

March 28, 1955–September 23, 1971(Retired)

7003602300000000000♠16 years, 179 days

90

William J. Brennan(1906–1997)

NJ

AssociateJustice

Minton

March 19, 1957(Acclamation)

October 16, 1956[e]–July 20, 1990(Retired)

7004123300000000000♠33 years, 277 days

91

Charles Evans Whittaker(1901–1973)

MO

AssociateJustice

Reed

March 19, 1957(Acclamation)

March 25, 1957–March 31, 1962(Resigned)

7003183200000000000♠5 years, 6 days

92

Potter Stewart(1915–1985)

OH

AssociateJustice

Burton

May 5, 1959(70–17)

October 14, 1958[e]–July 3, 1981(Retired)

7003829800000000000♠22 years, 262 days

93

Byron White(1917–2002)

CO

AssociateJustice

Whittaker

April 11, 1962(Acclamation)

April 16, 1962–June 28, 1993(Retired)

7004113960000000000♠31 years, 73 days

John F. Kennedy

94

Arthur Goldberg(1908–1990)

IL

AssociateJustice

Frankfurter

September 25, 1962(Acclamation)

October 1, 1962–July 25, 1965(Resigned)

7003103100000000000♠2 years, 300 days

95

Abe Fortas(1910–1982)

TN

AssociateJustice

Goldberg

August 11, 1965(Acclamation)

October 4, 1965–May 14, 1969(Resigned)

7003131800000000000♠3 years, 222 days

Lyndon B. Johnson

96

Thurgood Marshall(1908–1993)

NY

AssociateJustice

Clark

August 30, 1967(69–11)

October 2, 1967–October 1, 1991(Retired)

7003876500000000000♠23 years, 364 days

97

Warren E. Burger(1907–1995)

VA

ChiefJustice

Warren

June 9, 1969(74–3)

June 23, 1969–September 26, 1986(Retired)

7003630400000000000♠17 years, 95 days

Richard Nixon

98

Harry Blackmun(1908–1999)

MN

AssociateJustice

Fortas

May 12, 1970(94–0)

June 9, 1970–August 3, 1994(Retired)

7003882100000000000♠24 years, 55 days

99

Lewis F. Powell Jr.(1907–1998)

VA

AssociateJustice

Black

December 6, 1971(89–1)

January 7, 1972[m]–June 26, 1987(Retired)

7003564900000000000♠15 years, 170 days

100

William Rehnquist(1924–2005)

AZ

AssociateJustice

J. Harlan II

December 10, 1971(68–26)

January 7, 1972[m]–September 26, 1986(Continued as chief justice)

7003537600000000000♠14 years, 262 days

101

John Paul Stevens(born 1920)

IL

AssociateJustice[n]

Douglas

December 17, 1975(98–0)

December 19, 1975–June 29, 2010(Retired)

7004126110000000000♠34 years, 192 days

Gerald Ford

102

Sandra Day O'Connor(born 1930)

AZ

AssociateJustice

Stewart

September 21, 1981(99–0)

September 25, 1981–January 31, 2006(Retired)

7003889400000000000♠24 years, 128 days

Ronald Reagan

100

William Rehnquist(1924–2005)

VA

ChiefJustice

Burger

September 17, 1986(65–33)

September 26, 1986–September 3, 2005(Died)

7003691700000000000♠18 years, 342 days

103

Antonin Scalia(1936–2016)

VA

AssociateJustice

Rehnquist

September 17, 1986(98–0)

September 26, 1986–February 13, 2016(Died)

7004107320000000000♠29 years, 140 days

104

Anthony Kennedy(born 1936)

CA

AssociateJustice

Powell

February 3, 1988(97–0)

February 18, 1988–July 31, 2018(Retired)

7004111210000000000♠30 years, 163 days

105

David Souter(born 1939)

NH

AssociateJustice

Brennan

October 2, 1990(90–9)

October 9, 1990–June 29, 2009(Retired)

7003683800000000000♠18 years, 263 days

George H. W. Bush

106

Clarence Thomas(born 1948)

GA

AssociateJustice

T. Marshall

October 15, 1991(52–48)

October 23, 1991–Incumbent

7003986800000000000♠27 years, 6 days[o]

107

Ruth Bader Ginsburg(born 1933)

NY

AssociateJustice

B. White

August 3, 1993(96–3)

August 10, 1993–Incumbent

7003921100000000000♠25 years, 80 days[o]

Bill Clinton

108

Stephen Breyer(born 1938)

MA

AssociateJustice

Blackmun

July 29, 1994(87–9)

August 3, 1994–Incumbent

7003885300000000000♠24 years, 87 days[o]

109

John Roberts(born 1955)

MD

ChiefJustice

Rehnquist

September 29, 2005(78–22)

September 29, 2005–Incumbent

7003477800000000000♠13 years, 30 days[o]

George W. Bush

110

Samuel Alito(born 1950)

NJ

AssociateJustice

O'Connor

January 31, 2006(58–42)

January 31, 2006–Incumbent

7003465400000000000♠12 years, 271 days[o]

111

Sonia Sotomayor(born 1954)

NY

AssociateJustice

Souter

August 6, 2009(68–31)

August 8, 2009–Incumbent

7003336900000000000♠9 years, 82 days[o]

Barack Obama

112

Elena Kagan(born 1960)

MA

AssociateJustice

Stevens

August 5, 2010(63–37)

August 7, 2010–Incumbent

7003300500000000000♠8 years, 83 days[o]

113

Neil Gorsuch(born 1967)

CO

AssociateJustice

Scalia

April 7, 2017(54–45)

April 10, 2017–Incumbent

7002567000000000000♠1 year, 202 days[o]

Donald Trump

114

Brett Kavanaugh(born 1965)

MD

AssociateJustice

Kennedy

October 6, 2018(50–48)

October 6, 2018–Incumbent

7001230000000000000♠23 days[o]

Justice

State[c]

Position

Replacing

Date confirmed(Vote)

Tenure

Tenure length

Appointed by

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Served on the Supreme Court twice, first as associate justice, and then, after a period of years off the Court, as chief justice.

^ Jump up to: a b c Elevated from associate justice to chief justice while serving on the Supreme Court. Such appointments are subject to a separate confirmation process.

^ Jump up to: a b State of residence at the time of appointment. For example, in 1971, Rehnquist was appointed from Arizona, but in 1986, when elevated to chief justice, he was appointed from Virginia.[23]

Jump up ^ The start date given for each justice is the day he or she took the prescribed judicial oath of office, with the end date being the date of the justice's death, resignation, or retirement.[22]

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Recess appointment

Jump up ^ This was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the Senate. Rutledge remains the only "recess appointed" justice not to be subsequently confirmed by the Senate.

Jump up ^ Was impeached, but not convicted, and remained in office.

Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, May 19 – July 11, 1921.

Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, February 3–24, 1930.

^ Jump up to: a b While Willis Van Devanter and Joseph Rucker Lamar were sworn in as associate justice on the same date, their seniority (precedence) on the Supreme Court was determined by the seniority of their commissions—Van Devanter received and accepted his first—in accordance with XIII Rev. Stat. 9 § 674.

Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, June 30 – July 3, 1941.

Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, April 22 – June 24, 1946, and again, under 62 Stat. 869, September 8 – October 5, 1953.

^ Jump up to: a b While  Lewis Powell and William Rehnqust were sworn in as associate justice on the same date, their seniority (precedence) on the Supreme Court was determined by the seniority of their commissions—Powell received and accepted his first—in accordance with 62 Stat. 869.

Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 62 Stat. 869, September 3–29, 2005.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i As of October 29, 2018.

text: Timeline of justices[edit]

text: This graphical timeline depicts the progression of the justices on the Supreme Court. Information regarding each justice's predecessors, successors and fellow justices, as well as their tenure on the court can be gleaned (and comparisons between justices drawn) from it. Additionally, The progression of presidents, along with the number of justices each nominated, is shown at the top of the timeline to give a more detailed historical context. There are no formal names or numbers for the individual seats of the associate justices, which are listed in the table below simply by number. Note that, due to the several changes in the size of the Court since 1789, two of the seats chronicled—"5" and "7"—have been abolished, both as a result of the Judicial Circuits Act of 1866.


document_title: Hospital emergency codes

question_text: what is a code white in a hospital in canada

root

text: Hospital emergency codes

text: Color code standardization[edit]

text:
Australia:

Australian hospitals and other buildings are covered by Australian Standard 4083 (1997) and many are in the process of changing to those standards.[1]

Canada:

Codes used in British Columbia, prescribed by the British Columbia Ministry of Health.[2]

Code Red: Fire
Code Blue: Medical lockdown
Code Orange: Disaster or Mass Casualties
Code Green: Evacuation
Code Yellow: Missing Patient
Code Amber: Missing or Abducted Infant or Child
Code Black: Bomb Threat
Code White: Aggression
Code Brown: Hazardous Spill
Code Grey: System Failure
Code Pink: Pediatric Emergency and/or Obstetrical Emergency

Codes in Alberta are prescribed by Alberta Health Services.[3]

Code Red: Fire
Code Blue: Cardiac Arrest/Medical Emergency
Code Orange: Mass Casualty Incident
Code Green: Evacuation
Code Yellow: Missing Patient
Code Black: Bomb Threat/Suspicious Package
Code White: Violence/Agression
Code Brown: Chemical Spill/Hazardous Material
Code Grey: Shelter in Place/Air Exclusion
Code Purple: Hostage Situation

In Ontario, a standard emergency response code set by the Ontario Hospital Association is used, with minor variations for some hospitals.[4][5][6]

Code Red: Fire
Code Blue: Cardiac Arrest/Medical Emergency – Adult
Code Orange: Disaster

Code Orange CBRN: CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) Disaster

Code Green: Evacuation (Precautionary)

Code Green STAT: Evacuation (Crisis)

Code Yellow: Missing Person
Code Black: Bomb Threat/Suspicious Object
Code White: Violent/Behavioural Situation
Code Brown: In-facility Hazardous Spill
Code Grey: Infrastructure Loss or Failure

Code Grey Button-down: External Air Exclusion

Code Pink: Cardiac Arrest/Medical Emergency – Infant/Child

Code Amber (code purple): Missing Child/Child Abduction

Code Purple: Hostage Taking/Gang Activity
Code Aqua: Flood
Code Grey: Infrastructure Loss or Failure

Code Grey Button-down: External Air Exclusion

United States:

In 2000, the Hospital Association of Southern California (HASC)[7][8] determined that a uniform code system is needed after "three persons were killed in a shooting incident at an area medical center after the wrong emergency code was called." While codes for fire (red) and medical emergency (blue) were similar in 90% of California hospitals queried, 47 different codes were used for infant abduction and 61 for combative person. In light of this, HASC published a handbook titled "Healthcare Facility Emergency Codes: A Guide for Code Standardization" listing various codes and has strongly urged hospitals to voluntarily implement the revised codes.
In 2003, Maryland mandated that all acute hospitals in the state have uniform codes.[9]
In 2008, the Oregon Association of Hospitals & Health Systems, Oregon Patient Safety Commission, and Washington State Hospital Association formed a taskforce to standardize emergency code calls under the leadership of the Dr. Lawrence Schecter, Chief Medical Officer, Providence Regional Medical Center Everett.[10] After both states had conducted a survey from all hospital members, the taskforce found many hospitals used the same code for fire (code Red); however, there were tremendous variations existed for codes representing respiratory and cardiac arrest, infant and child abduction, and combative person. After deliberations and decisions, the taskforce suggested the following as the Hospital Emergency Code:[11]

Code Blue: Heart or Respiration Stops (An adult, child, or infant’s heart has stopped or they are not breathing.)
Code Red: Fire
Code Orange: Hazardous Spills (A hazardous material spill or release; Unsafe exposure to spill.)
Code Silver: Weapon or Hostage Situation
Code Grey: Combative Person (Combative or abusive behavior by patients, families, visitors, staff or physicians) If a weapon is involved “CODE SILVER” should be called.
Amber Alert: Infant/ Child Abduction
Internal Triage: Internal Emergency (Internal emergency in multiple departments including: Bomb or bomb threat; Computer network down; Major plumbing problems; and Power or telephone outage.)
External Triage: External Disaster (External emergencies impacting hospital including: Mass casualties; Severe weather; Massive power outages; and Nuclear, biological, and chemical accidents)
Rapid Response Team: Medical Team Needed at Bedside (A patient’s medical condition is declining and needs an emergency medical team at the bedside) Prior to heart or respiration stopping
Code Clear: Announced when emergency is over

In 2015, the South Carolina Hospital Association formed a work group to develop plain language standardization code recommendations. Abolishing all color codes was suggested.[12]

tag: ul

text: Codes[edit]

text: Note: Different codes are used in different hospitals.

tag: p

text: Code Blue[edit]

text: Medical lockdown[edit]

text: "Code Blue" is generally used to indicate a patient requiring resuscitation or in need of immediate medical attention, most often as the result of a respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest (by cardiac arrest is nowadays considered to not just mean asystole, the most severe example, but also pulseless electrical activity [PEA], coarse or fine ventricular fibrillation [VF or V-fib], or unstable irregular ventricular tachycardia [VT or V-tach]- some of these lethal, non-circulating arrhythmias are shockable by a defibrillator, some are not and are primarily treated by epinephrine and similar drugs). When called overhead, the page takes the form of "Code Blue, (floor), (room)" to alert the resuscitation team where to respond. Every hospital, as a part of its disaster plans, sets a policy to determine which units provide personnel for code coverage. In theory any medical professional may respond to a code, but in practice the team makeup is limited to those with advanced cardiac life support or other equivalent resuscitation training. Frequently these teams are staffed by physicians (from anesthesia and internal medicine in larger medical centers or the Emergency physician in smaller ones), respiratory therapists, pharmacists, and nurses. A code team leader will be a physician in attendance on any code team; this individual is responsible for directing the resuscitation effort and is said to "run the code". This phrase was coined at Bethany Medical Center in Kansas City, Kansas.[13] The term "code" by itself is commonly used by medical professionals as a slang term for this type of emergency, as in "calling a code" or describing a patient in arrest as "coding" or "coded".

text:
Australian Standard[1]
Californian Standard[7]

text: In some hospitals or other medical facilities, the resuscitation team may purposely respond slowly to a patient in cardiac arrest, a practice known as "slow code", or may fake the response altogether for the sake of the patient's family, a practice known as "show code".[14] Such practices are ethically controversial,[15] and are banned in some jurisdictions.[citation needed]

text: Variations[edit]

text: "Plan Blue" was used at St. Vincent's Hospital in New York City to indicate arrival of a trauma patient so critically injured that even the short delay of a stop in the ER for evaluation could be fatal; the "Plan Blue" was called out to alert the surgeon on call to go immediately to the ER entrance and take the patient for immediate surgery. This was illustrated in an episode of Trauma: Life in the ER, entitled "West Side Stories".

text: "Doctor" Codes[edit]

text: "Doctor" codes are often used in hospital settings for announcements over a general loudspeaker or paging system that might cause panic or endanger a patient's privacy. Most often, "Doctor" codes take the form of "Paging Dr. Sinclair", where the doctor's "name" is a code word for a dangerous situation or a patient in crisis. In Johnny Mnemonic It was explained by Spider (Henry Rollins) that the doctor's name was "Dr. Allcome". e.g.: "Paging Doctor Firestone, third floor," to indicate a possible fire in the location specified. "Paging Dr. Stork" normally indicates that a woman is in labor and needs immediate assistance.[citation needed]

text: "Resus" Codes[edit]

text: Specific to emergency medicine, incoming patients in immediate danger of life or limb, whether presenting via ambulance or walk-in triage, are paged locally within the emergency department as "Resus" [ri:səs] codes. These codes indicate the type of emergency (general medical, trauma, cardiopulmonary or neurological) and type of patient (adult or pediatric). An estimated time of arrival may be included, or "now" if the patient is already in the department. The patient is transported to the nearest open trauma bay or evaluation room, and is immediately attended by a designated team of physicians and nurses for purposes of immediate stabilization and treatment.

text: Codes by emergency[edit]

text: Active assailant[edit]

text: Code Silver: Providence Medical Center, Dominion Hospital [16]

text: Bomb threat[edit]

text:
Code Black: UnityPoint Health (Formerly known as Iowa Health System)
Code Yellow: HASC[17]
Code Yellow: Reported Bomb Threat (El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA)[18]
Code 10: Stanford University Medical Center (old system), Scripps Healthcare San Diego[citation needed]
Code Black: Standard government reporting code. Markham Stouffville Hospital, University of Chicago Medicine,[citation needed] Ohio State University Medical Center,[original research?] Alberta, Quebec and Ontario hospitals, Cheyenne Regional Medical Center Cheyenne, Wyoming and HealthPartners Regions Hospital St. Paul, MN[citation needed]
Code Blue: Some schools in Western New York and in schools in Volusia County, Florida[citation needed]
Code 100: Heartland Regional Medical Center[citation needed]
Code Purple: by Telephone, Mail, Person on Site. Australian Standard[citation needed]
Code Orange: Oakwood Healthcare[citation needed]
Code B: Superstition Mountain Mental Health Center (SMMHC, Inc.)[citation needed]
Code Grey: Bronson Methodist Hospital
Code White: Mercy Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK
Operation 005: Baptist Health Floyd, New Albany, IN

text: Cardio-respiratory arrest[edit]

text:
Code Blue (Child) – Cardio-Respiratory Arrest Age >30 days to 13 years in Ontario[6]
Code Pink – Cardio-Respiratory Arrest Neonatal Age <30 days in Ontario[6]
Code Blue: Cardio-respiratory arrest or medical emergency for Adult (El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA)[18]
Code Pink – Used as cardiac arrest in an infant at Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton.
Code White-Neonatal: Cardio-respiratory arrest or medical emergency for <28 days (El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA)[18]
Code White-Pediatric: Cardio-respiratory arrest or medical emergency for >28 days (El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA)[18]
Code Blue-Pediatric: Pediatric cardio-respiratory arrest HealthPartners Regions Hospital
Code Blue-Adult: Adult cardio-respiratory arrest HealthPartners Regions Hospital
Medical Team/Pediatric Medical Team – Cardio-Respiratory arrest in an adult/child (South Nassau Communities Hospital, Oceanside, NY)
Code 10: cardio pulmonary arrest
Cardiac Alert: cardio pulmonary arrest (Hartford Hospital, Connecticut)
Dr Quick: cardio pulmonary arrest (New Britain General, Connecticut)
"99": Cardiopulmonary Arrest (Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CANADA)
CPR Team: cardiopulmonary arrest (Beaumont Health, Detroit, MI)

text: Child abduction/missing person[edit]

text:
Amber Alert and Code Adam, both well-known public announcements to denote missing or abducted children, have gained traction in hospital usage since 2000. Used at Miami Valley Hospital.
Code Pink can denote child or infant abduction. Used at Northside Hospital in Atlanta, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, Carolinas Healthcare System in North Carolina, University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Winchester Hospital in Winchester, Massachusetts, Marin General Hospital in Greenbrae, CA, Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital, Regions Hospital, Cheyenne Regional Medical Center, Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, Oregon, and Seattle Children's. Included in HASC recommendation for Infant Abduction.
Code Purple was sometimes also used for Child Abduction when Code Pink is specifically for infant abduction. Included in HASC recommendation for Child Abduction.
Code Gold: Calgary Health Region
Code Amber: Alberta health regions and Ontario
Code Nap: Used at some rural Iowa hospitals.
Code Rainbow: University of California at Davis Medical Center
Code Stork: Health Partners Regions Hospital
Code Black: Heartland Regional Medical Center
Code Purple: UnityPoint Health (Formerly known as Iowa Health System)
Code Walker (Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, Oregon) for a cognitively impaired individual who has wandered away from a clinical area.
Code Yellow – Missing Patient/Infant Abduction in Ontario
Code Alert: Infant Abduction Baptist Health Floyd, New Albany, IN

text: Combative person/assault[edit]

text:
Code Green: UnityPoint Health (Formerly known as Iowa Health System)
Code North: Stanford University Medical Center
Code Gray: Angry/Violent patient or visitor (El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA)[18]
Code Grey: Combative Person with no weapon (HASC)
Code Silver: Combative Person with a weapon (HASC)
Code Black: Personal Attack (Australian Standard Code)
Code White: Violent Patient (Markham Stouffville Hospital), Quebec and Ontario
Code Atlas: Virginia Healthcare System
Security Stat: Heartland Regional Medical Center
"Mr. or Dr. Strong" to (location), at other hospitals (Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY – Also Code 5)
"Dr. Heavy" to (location), at other hospitals (Nassau University Medical Center, Nassau, NY, Mather Hospital, Suffolk, NY)
"Dr. Armstrong" to (location), at other hospitals
Code Yellow: Cheyenne Regional Medical Center
Yellow Alert: Health Partners Regions Hospital
Code 21: University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, UofM Amplatz Children's
Code Violet: Nationwide Children's Hospital, Miami Valley Hospital
Code Purple: Seattle Children's
Code Secure: Security needed to deal with a combative patient or family member.
BERT/BERT Strong: Behavioral emergency response team / Behavioral emergency response team when person becomes violent (Dominion Hospital, Falls Church, VA)

text: Evacuation[edit]

text:
Code White: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in U.S
Code Orange: Australian Standard.
Code Green: Mercy Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK
Code Green: Quebec and Ontario
Under the HASC Emergency Code System, evacuation would be included in an Emergency Alert, Code Triage.

text: Fire[edit]

text:
Usually Code Red.

Australian Standard.[1]
California Standard.[7]
Joint Commission standard.
Ontario Hospital Association color code standard[6]
Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital
Dr. Red Cheyenne Regional Medical Center
El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA[18]
Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, Oregon
Long Grass Health Partners Regions Hospital

Sometimes Dr. Red, Dr. Pyro, or Dr. Firestone.
Sometimes "Evacuation Bell"
Code F (University of Michigan Hospitals)
Red Alert (Beaumont Health, Detroit, MI)

text: Hazardous materials spill/release/decontamination[edit]

text:
Code Orange: Nationwide Children's Hospital, El Camino Hospital (Mountain View, CA), Seattle Children's
Code Brown: Ontario

text: Hostage situation[edit]

text:
Code Silver – Person with a weapon / hostage situation (El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA)[18]
Code Purple – Hostage in Ontario[6]
Code Siege – Carilion Clinic Hospitals

text: Internal disaster[edit]

text:
Code Green: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center.
Code Grey: University Health Network, Toronto
Code Yellow: Stanford University Medical Center (old system), Australian Standard, Mercy Hospital (Oklahoma City, OK)
Code Triage – Internal: HASC, El Camino Hospital,Mountain View, CA[18]
Code Orange: Hazardous Materials spill (El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA)[18]
Code 4: Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
Code Alert sometimes denotes disaster.
Code Brown – Internal Crisis / Hazardous Spill in Ontario / e.g. Sewer backup and overflow .
Dr. Whitestone: Internal Disaster Baptist Health Floyd, New Albany, IN

text: Lockdown/limited access[edit]

text:
Lima Delta: UnityPoint Health (Formerly known as Iowa Health System)
Code Orange: Ontario Used in Ontario hospitals to indicate an external disaster with mass casualties, CBRNE and Pandemic. Lockdown or controlled facility access is often used as part of the response. Volunteers, Families and Students were denied access during SARS Outbreak of 2003.
Code Red: Most commonly used by schools to indicate that a dangerous and/or harmful person is on campus.
Code Silver:Carilion Clinic Hospitals
Code Yellow (Fort Pierce, Florida)

text: Mass-casualty incident / external disaster[edit]

text: Code Brown

text: An Australian standard code used to describe any outside of the hospital incident such as loss of power, communications, a natural disaster (such as flood or bushfire) that threatens to overwhelm or disrupt a hospital or health service capability with large numbers of casualties.[19]

text:
Code Yellow: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital
"MASCAL" may also be used
Code 10, Code 20, or Code 99: Heartland Regional Medical Center, Brookdale Hospital
Code Orange: Calgary Health Region, Quebec and Ontario
Code Triage: Scripps Healthcare San Diego; Hoag Hospital Newport Beach; Seton Medical Center, Daly City, California; El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA.[18]
Code 1000: Fletcher Allen Medical Center; Burlington, VT
Code Orange: Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital
Code Orange: Cheyenne Regional Medical Center
Orange Alert: Health Partners Regions Hospital
Code 7: Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (aka External Disaster)
Mr. Victor Charlie: MVC-Multiple Vehicle Collision, Ottawa Emergency Services and First Responders (prepare for Code Orange)
Dr. Redstone: External Disaster Baptist Health Floyd, New Albany, IN

text: Other patient emergencies[edit]

text:
Code Brain: Possible stroke or CVA patient: Used by many facilities with stroke center certification to indicate for critical care nurses and doctors to respond as well as for CT scan techs and radiologists to be ready to scan and read.
Code Heart: Used to indicate a patient who is experiencing an acute cardiac event such as an MI. Code Heart is generally used to assemble a team of critical care nurses and doctors to stabilize the patient as well as mobilizing a cath lab team if necessary.
Code Rapid Response: Used in many facilities with a rapid response system in place to call for response by a rapid response team: generally made up of nurses, respiratory therapists, lab techs and sometimes doctors who respond to a patients bedside and intervene to prevent a patient from escalating to Code Blue. Code Rapid Response is generally called when there is a change in the patients mental status or vital signs as well as when a patient begins seizing. In most facilities with a rapid response team in place, the code can be called by anyone such as concerned staff member or family member.
Code Sepsis: This code is called whenever there is a patient who is in or is in danger of entering septic shock.

text: Severe weather[edit]

text:
Code Brown: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Code Black: Mercy Health Center (Oklahoma City); Norman Regional Hospital (Norman); Denton Regional Medical Center; Iowa Health System (Severe Warning); Parkland Hospital (Dallas)[20]
Code Gray: Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX; Iowa Health System (Severe Watch); St. John's Regional Medical Center, Joplin, MO; Miami Valley Hospital (Tornado Warning)
Code Yellow: Heartland Regional Medical Center
Code Green: Schools in Volusia County, Florida
Code White: schools in Morgan County, West Virginia
Code Purple: Schools in Berkeley County, West Virginia

text: Theft/armed robbery[edit]

text: Code Amber: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; New Jersey Hospital Association

text: Total divert[edit]

text:
A status sometimes called "Critical Care Bypass" (Ontario),[21] "Total Divert", "triage situation", "Saturation Alert" or "High Occupancy" (University of Michigan Health System).
Generally used by hospitals as a status indicator for EMS/ambulance services denoting that the issuing ER/trauma facility has reached maximum patient capacity and should not receive any more new patients if at all possible.
A variation on "Total Divert", called "Bypass", is used at many U.S. hospitals to indicate emergency facilities at or over maximum capacity; this variation was featured in the "Road Warriors" episode of Trauma: Life in the E.R.. As explained by a trauma nurse in the episode, the status change does not always keep new patients from arriving.
Can be denoted as Code Purple or Code Yellow in some hospitals.
The Joint Commission status is called "on diversion" (for a class of patients) and "total diversion" (not receiving any patient), referring to diversionary contracts required by EMTALA.

text: Other codes[edit]

text:
Code Black – An influx of patients so great that a hospital doesn't have the resources to handle them (mostly caused by major disasters such as a fire injuring many victims).
Code Omega – Life-Threatening Blood Loss. Used in Ontario[6]
Code Omega – (Obstetrics) Life Threatening Blood Loss in a Peri-Partum Woman. Used in Ontario[6]
Gold Alert – Unstable Patient(s) with Multiple System Trauma en route. Kentucky.[22]
Code 33 – Obstetrical Crisis in Ontario[6]
Code 99 – Stroke Patient (Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital)
Incoming Code 99 – Stroke patient arriving by ambulance or helicopter (Park Nicollet Methodist Hospital)
Trauma Alert (Level 1 or 2, or Full or Partial) – Trauma Patient(s) en route.[22]
Code Roscoe – Active Shooter/Armed Intruder (Mercy Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK)
Code Yellow: Standby status means the hospital has been contacted about a "possible" incident in the community. Alert status means that the incident "has" occurred. Used at: Miami Valley Hospital.
Dr Gottaway: Dr Jane Gottaway/Dr Joe Gottaway – pt elopement (male vs female)
"(service (respiratory, surgery, etc.) 25": Medical Emergency (Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada)


document_title: Kim Engelbrecht

question_text: who plays devoe's wife in the flash

question_tokens: who plays devoe 's wife in the flash

text: Kim Engelbrecht

text: This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Kim Suzanne Engelbrecht (born 20 June 1980 in Cape Town, South Africa) is a South African actress best known for her roles as Lolly de Klerk in the soap opera Isidingo, Sgt. Noma Banks on the Syfy TV show, Dominion, and Marlize DeVoe on The CW show, The Flash.

text: She also presented a local youth television program called Take5 in the '90s. Much of Engelbrecht's work is localised in Johannesburg. Kim had a starring role in the acclaimed South African movie Bunny Chow, directed by John Barker.

text: She got her first big break at the age of 12 when she landed the lead role of Sara in an Italian production, Sarahsara.[1]

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Year

Title

Role

1994

Sarahsara

Sarah

1998

Isidingo

Lolly van Onselen

2004

Boy Called Twist

Nancy

2005

The Flyer

Mickey

2006

Bunny Chow

Kim

2012

Rugby Motors

Leona

2013

Death Race 3: Inferno

Kelly O'Donnell

2013

Mad Dogs

Greta

2013

Geraamtes in die Kas

Aesha Abrahams

2014

Konfetti

Bianca Beekman

2014

SAF3

Becca Connors

2014-15

Dominion

Sgt. Noma Banks

2015

Eye in the Sky

Lucy Galvez

2017-2018

The Flash

Marlize DeVoe/The Mechanic