document_title: The Fast and the Furious

question_text: when did fast and furious 8 came out

question_tokens: when did fast and furious 8 came out

text: The Fast and the Furious

text: Films[edit]

text: Released films[edit]

text:
Film
Release date
Director
Screenwriter(s)
Producer(s)

The Fast and the Furious
June 22, 2001 (2001-06-22)
Rob Cohen
Gary Scott Thompson, Erik Bergquist and David Ayer
Neal H. Moritz

2 Fast 2 Furious
June 6, 2003 (2003-06-06)
John Singleton
Gary Scott Thompson, Michael Brandt and Derek Haas

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
June 16, 2006 (2006-06-16)
Justin Lin
Chris Morgan

Fast & Furious
April 3, 2009 (2009-04-03)
Neal H. Moritz, Michael K Ross, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

Fast Five
April 29, 2011 (2011-04-29)
Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

Fast & Furious 6
May 24, 2013 (2013-05-24)
Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Clayton Townsend

Furious 7
April 3, 2015 (2015-04-03)
James Wan
Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

The Fate of the Furious
April 14, 2017 (2017-04-14)
F. Gary Gray
Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell and Chris Morgan

text: Main series[edit]

text: The Fast and the Furious (2001)[edit]

text: The film is based on an article, titled "Racer X", about New York street clubs that race Japanese cars late at night, although the film is set primarily in Los Angeles. While elite street racer and ex-convict Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his crew: Jesse (Chad Lindberg), Leon (Johnny Strong), Vince (Matt Schulze) and Letty Ortiz (Michelle Rodriguez), are under suspicion of stealing expensive electronic equipment by hijacking moving trucks, Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker) is an undercover police officer who attempts to find out who exactly is stealing the equipment. He works for FBI agent Bilkins (Thom Barry) and LAPD Sgt. Tanner (Ted Levine).

text: Falling for Dominic's younger sister, Mia Toretto (Jordana Brewster), Brian confesses to her his status as an undercover police officer and convinces her to come with him to save her brother and his friends from the truck drivers, who have now armed themselves to combat the robberies. He tracks Dominic's location by triangulating his cell phone signal and they arrive at the hijacking in progress to find Letty, badly injured in a car accident, and Vince critically wounded, having lacerated his arm and been shot by a truck driver. Brian and Mia work together with Dominic, Leon and Letty to rescue Vince. Brian then makes the difficult decision to blow his cover to the crew by phoning in for a medivac. The revelation enrages Dominic, who flees with Leon, Letty, and Mia as the medivac arrives for Vince.

text: Brian soon follows Dominic to his house and holds him at gunpoint to prevent him from fleeing further. Jesse arrives shortly afterwards, apologizing for his actions at Race Wars and pleading for Dominic's help with Johnny Tran (Rick Yune). Moments later, Tran and his cousin Lance Nguyen (Reggie Lee) perform a drive-by shooting, killing Jesse. Brian and Dominic chase them, with Dominic driving his late father's modified 1970 Dodge Charger. Dominic forces Lance's motorcycle off the road, severely injuring him, while Brian shoots and kills Tran. Afterwards, Brian and Dominic engage in an impromptu street race, narrowly avoiding a passing train. However, Dominic collides with a semitruck and rolls his car twice, injuring himself, and rendering the Charger undrivable. Instead of arresting him, Brian hands over the keys to his Supra and lets Dominic escape, using the line "I owe you a ten-second car."

text: 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)[edit]

text: Watched by undercover Customs Agent Monica Fuentes (Eva Mendes), Brian is caught by US Customs agents and given a deal by FBI Agent Bilkins and Customs Agent Markham (James Remar) to go undercover and try to bring down drug lord Carter Verone (Cole Hauser) in exchange for the erasure of his criminal record. Brian agrees but only if he is given permission to choose his partner, refusing to partner with the agent assigned to watch him. Brian heads home to Barstow, California, where he recruits Roman Pearce (Tyrese Gibson), a childhood friend of Brian who had served jail time and is under house arrest, to help him. Pearce agrees, but only for the same deal Brian was offered, and with the help of Monica, Brian and Roman work together to take down Verone. After acquiring confiscated vehicles and being hired by Verone as his drivers, the duo return to a Customs/FBI hideout, where Roman confronts Markham over the latter's interference with the mission. After the situation is cooled down, Brian tells Bilkins and Markham that Verone plans to smuggle the money into his private jet and fly off, but also suspects something wrong with Monica's role in the mission.

text: Later, Brian and Roman race two of Verone's drivers for their cars and begin to devise a personal back up plan if the operation goes awry. Roman confronts Brian about his attraction to Monica and the constant threat of Verone's men. On the day of the mission, Brian and Roman begin transporting duffel bags of Verone's money, with two of Verone's men Enrique (Mo Gallini) and Roberto (Roberto Sanchez) riding along to watch Brian and Roman. Before the 15-minute window is set, the detective in charge, Whitworth (Mark Boone Junior), decides to call in the police to move in for the arrest, resulting in a high-speed chase across the city. The duo lead the police to a warehouse, where a scramble by dozens of street racers disorient the police. Following the scramble, police manage to pull over the Evo and the Eclipse, only to find out that they were driven by two members of Brian's new crew, friends, Tej Parker (Ludacris) and Suki (Devon Aoki).

text: As Brian approaches the destination point in a Yenko Camaro, Enrique tells him to make a detour away from the airfield. Meanwhile, Roman gets rid of Roberto by using an improvised ejector seat in his (orange) Dodge Challenger powered by nitrous oxide. At the airfield, Customs Agents have Verone's plane and convoy surrounded, only to discover they are duped into a decoy maneuver while Verone is at a boatyard several miles away. As he knew Monica was an undercover agent, he gave her the wrong information on the destination point and plans to use her as leverage. When Brian arrives at the intended drop-off point, Enrique prepares to kill him when Roman suddenly appears and the both of them dispatch Enrique. Verone makes his escape aboard his private yacht, but Brian and Roman use the Yenko Camaro and drive off a ramp, crashing on top of the yacht. The duo manage to apprehend Verone and save Monica.

text: With their crimes pardoned, Brian and Roman ponder on what to do next other than to settle in Miami when the former mentions starting a garage. Roman asks how they would afford that and Brian reveals that he took some of the money, as Roman also reveals that his pockets aren't empty, having taken money for himself.

text: The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)[edit]

text: This film's story occurs sometime after Fast & Furious 6 with a scene that was later made concurrent with events in Furious 7.

text: After totaling his car in an illegal street race, Sean Boswell (Lucas Black) is sent to live in Tokyo, Japan, with his father, a U.S. Navy officer, in order to avoid juvenile detention or even jail.

text: While in school, he befriends Twinkie (Bow Wow), a "military brat" who introduces him to the world of drift racing in Japan. Though forbidden to drive, he decides to race against Takashi (Brian Tee) aka D.K. (Drift King). He borrows a Nissan Silvia from Han Lue (Sung Kang), now a business partner to Takashi, and loses, totaling the car because of his lack of knowledge of drifting. To repay his debt for the car he destroyed, Sean works for Han. Later on, Han becomes friends with Sean and teaches him how to drift.

text: Takashi's uncle Kamata (Sonny Chiba) (the head of the Yakuza) reprimands Takashi for allowing Han to steal from him. Takashi confronts Han, Sean and Neela (Nathalie Kelley), and in doing so, they flee. During the chase, Han is killed in a car accident when his car catches fire. Takashi, Sean, and his father become involved in an armed standoff which is resolved by Neela agreeing to leave with Takashi. Twinkie gives his money to Sean to replace the money Han stole, which Sean then returns to Kamata.

text: Sean proposes a race against Takashi to determine who must leave Tokyo. Sean and Han's friends then build a 1967 Ford Mustang, with an inline-6 engine and other parts salvaged from Han's Silvia that Sean had destroyed. Sean wins the race and is later challenged by Dominic Toretto.

text: Fast & Furious (2009)[edit]

text: Fast & Furious, as well as its succeeding films, takes place before the events of The Fast and The Furious: Tokyo Drift.

text: About five years after the events of the first film, Dominic and his new crew (Letty, Han, Leo, Santos and Cara) have been hijacking fuel tankers in the Dominican Republic. When their trail gets too hot, Dominic disbands the crew. However, he is later informed that Letty has been murdered. Dominic returns to Los Angeles where he finds traces of nitro-methane at the crash site, and tracks the buyer of the gas to David Park. Meanwhile, Brian O'Conner, who has been working as an FBI agent, is tracking down a drug trafficker named Arturo Braga. When Brian and Dominic cross paths at David Park's apartment, Dominic is about to drop David out the window. But Brian intervenes, and works a scheme where he enters a street race where the winner would join Braga's team of drivers. Although Dominic wins the four-car race by bumping Brian's car, Brian later joins the team by replacing one of Braga's other drivers.

text: The team meets Fenix Calderon (Laz Alonso) who directs them to drive the heroin across the border using underground tunnels to avoid detection. Brian realizes that the drivers are to be killed following the mission, and when Fenix reveals to Dominic that he killed Letty, Dominic detonates the nitrous in his car, blowing up a bunch of vehicles. In the chaos, Brian hijacks the Hummer that is carrying the heroin. Dominic and Brian drive back to Los Angeles, hiding the heroin in an impound lot. When Dominic learns Brian was the last person to contact Letty, he attacks him until Brian reveals that Letty was working undercover for Brian, tracking down Braga in exchange for clearing Dominic's name. Brian negotiates with the agency to free Dominic if they can lure Braga into personally coming to exchange the heroin for cash. However, at the drop site, it is revealed that the Braga they arrested was a decoy, and that the real Braga (John Ortiz) has escaped, fleeing to Mexico.

text: Suspended from duty, Brian joins Dominic to go to Mexico and in hopes of catching Braga. Although Braga agreeably surrenders, they are pursued by Braga's men through town and then the tunnels. Fenix T-bones Brian's car right outside the tunnel exit, but before he can kill Brian, Dominic drives into and kills Fenix. As the police arrive, Dominic refuses to escape, saying he is tired of running. Despite Brian's request for clemency, the judge sentences Dominic to 25 years to life. During the prison bus ride to Lompoc penitentiary, Brian and Mia, along with Leo and Santos, arrive in their cars and intercept the bus.

text: Fast Five (2011)[edit]

text: When Dominic "Dom" Toretto is being transported to Lompoc Prison by bus, his sister Mia Toretto and friend Brian O'Conner lead an assault on the bus, causing it to crash and freeing Dom. While the authorities search for them, the trio escapes to Rio de Janeiro. Awaiting Dom's arrival, Mia and Brian join their friend Vince and other participants on a job to steal three cars from a train. Brian and Mia discover that agents from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) are also on the train and that the cars are seized property. When Dom arrives with the rest of the participants, he realizes that the lead participant, Zizi, is only interested in stealing one car - a Ford GT40. Dom has Mia steal the car herself before he and Brian fight Zizi and his henchmen, during which Zizi kills the DEA agents assigned to the vehicles. Dom and Brian are captured and brought to crime lord Hernan Reyes, the owner of the cars and Zizi's boss. Reyes orders the pair be interrogated to discover the location of the car, but they manage to escape and retreat to their safehouse.

text: While Brian, Dom, and Mia examine the car to discover its importance, Vince arrives and is caught trying to remove a computer chip from it. He admits he was planning to sell the chip to Reyes on his own, and Dom forces him to leave. Brian investigates the chip and discovers it contains the complete financial details of Reyes' criminal empire, including the locations of US$100 million in cash.

text: Diplomatic Security Service agent Luke Hobbs and his team arrive in Rio to arrest Dom and Brian. With the help of local officer Elena Neves, they travel to Dom's safehouse, but find it under assault by Reyes' men. Brian, Dom and Mia escape; Dom suggests they split up and leave Rio, but Mia announces she is pregnant with Brian's child. Dom agrees to stick together and suggests they steal the money from Reyes to start a new life. They organize a team to perform the heist: Han, Roman, Tej, Gisele, Leo, and Santos. Vince later joins the team after saving Mia from being captured by Reyes' men.

text: Hobbs and his team eventually find and arrest Dom, Mia, Brian, and Vince. While transporting them to the airport for extradition to the United States, the convoy is attacked by Reyes' men, who kill Hobbs' team. Hobbs and Elena are saved by Dom, Brian, Mia, and Vince as they fight back and escape, but Vince is shot in the process and dies. Wanting to avenge his murdered team, Hobbs and Elena agree to help with the heist. The gang break into the police station and tear the vault holding Reyes' money from the building using their cars, dragging it through the city. After an extensive police chase, Dom makes Brian continue without him while he attacks the police and the pursuing Reyes, using the vault attached to his car to smash their vehicles. Brian returns and kills Zizi while Reyes is badly injured by Dom's assault. Hobbs arrives on the scene and executes Reyes to avenge his team. Though Hobbs refuses to let Dom and Brian go free, he gives them a 24-hour head start to escape on the condition they leave the vault as it is. However, the vault is empty as it had been switched during the chase. After splitting the cash (Vince's share is given to his family), they go their separate ways.

text: On a tropical beach, Brian and a visibly pregnant Mia relax. They are met by Dom and Elena. Brian challenges Dom to a final, no-stakes race to prove who is the better driver.

text: In a mid-credits scene, Hobbs is given a file by Monica Fuentes concerning the hijack of a military convoy in Berlin, where he discovers a recent photo of Dom's former girlfriend Letty, who had been presumed dead.

text: Fast & Furious 6 (2013)[edit]

text: Following their successful heist in Brazil, Dominic "Dom" Toretto and his professional criminal crew have fled around the world: Dom lives with Elena; his sister Mia lives with Brian O'Conner and their son, Jack; Gisele and Han live together; and Roman and Tej live in luxury. Meanwhile, DSS agent Luke Hobbs and Riley Hicks investigate the destruction of a Russian military convoy by a crew led by former British SAS Major and special ops soldier Owen Shaw. Hobbs persuades Dom to help capture Shaw by showing him a photo of the supposedly long-dead Letty Ortiz, Dom's former lover. Dom and his crew accept the mission in exchange for their amnesty, allowing them to return to the United States.

text: In London, Shaw's hideout is found, but this is revealed to be a trap, distracting them and the police while Shaw's crew performs a heist at an Interpol building. Shaw flees by car, detonating his hideout and disabling most of the police, leaving Dom, Brian, Tej, Han, Gisele, Hobbs, and Riley to pursue him. Letty arrives to help Shaw, shooting Dom without hesitation before escaping. Back at their headquarters, Hobbs tells Dom's crew that Shaw is stealing components to create a deadly device, intending to sell it to the highest bidder. Meanwhile, Shaw's investigation into the opposing crew reveals Letty's relationship with Dom, but she is revealed to be suffering from amnesia. Dominic's crew learns that Shaw is connected to a drug lord who was imprisoned by Brian, Arturo Braga. Brian returns to Los Angeles as a prisoner to question Braga, who says Letty survived the explosion that seemingly killed her; Shaw took her in after discovering her amnesia. With FBI help, Brian is released from prison, regrouping with the team in London.

text: Dom challenges Letty in a street racing competition; afterwards, he returns her cross necklace he had kept. After Letty leaves, Shaw offers Dom a chance to walk away, threatening to otherwise hurt his family, but Dom refuses. Tej tracks Shaw's next attack to a Spanish NATO base. Shaw's crew assaults a highway military convoy carrying a computer chip to complete his deadly device. Dom's crew interferes while Shaw, accompanied by Letty, commandeers a tank, destroying cars en route. Brian and Roman manage to flip the tank before it causes further damage, resulting in Letty being thrown from the vehicle and Dom risking his life to save her. Shaw and his crew are captured, but reveal Mia has been kidnapped by Shaw. Hobbs is forced to release Shaw, and Riley, revealed to be Shaw's covert accomplice, leaves with him; Letty chooses to remain with Dom.

text: Shaw's group board a large moving aircraft on a runway as Dom's crew gives chase. Dom, Letty, and Brian board the craft; Brian rescues Mia, escaping in an onboard car. The plane attempts to take-off, but is held down by excess weight as the rest of the team tether the plane to their vehicles. Gisele sacrifices herself to save Han from Shaw's henchman; Letty kills Riley and escapes to safety, but Dom pursues Shaw and the computer chip. As the plane crashes into the ground, Shaw is thrown from it, seriously injuring him, and Dom drives a car out of the exploding plane. Dom reunites with his crew, and gives the chip to Hobbs to secure their pardons. Dom and the others return to his old family home in Los Angeles. Hobbs and Elena, now working together, arrive to confirm the crew's freedom; Elena accepts that Dom loves Letty. As Roman says grace over the crew's meal, Dom asks Letty if the gathering feels familiar; she answers "no, but it feels like home."

text: In a mid-credits scene, which takes place in Tokyo, Han is involved in a car chase when he is suddenly broadsided by an oncoming car. The driver walks away from the scene after leaving Letty's cross necklace by the crash, and calls Dom as Han's car fatally explodes, saying, "You don't know me. You're about to."

text: Furious 7 (2015)[edit]

text: After defeating Owen Shaw and his crew and securing amnesty for their past crimes,[N 1] Dominic "Dom" Toretto, Brian O'Conner and the rest of their team have returned to the United States to live normal lives again. Brian begins to accustom himself to life as a father, while Dom tries to help Letty Ortiz regain her memory. Meanwhile, Owen's older brother, Deckard Shaw, breaks into the secure hospital that the comatose Owen is being held in and swears vengeance against Dom and his team, before breaking into Luke Hobbs' Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) office to extract profiles of Dom's crew. After revealing his identity, Shaw engages Hobbs in a fight, and escapes when he detonates a bomb that severely injures Hobbs. Dom later learns from his sister Mia that she is pregnant again and convinces her to tell Brian. However, a bomb, disguised in a package sent from Tokyo, explodes and destroys the Toretto house just seconds after Han, a member of Dom's team, is killed by Shaw in Tokyo. Dom later visits Hobbs in a hospital, where he learns that Shaw is a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his brother. Dom then travels to Tokyo to claim Han's body, and meets and races Sean Boswell, a friend of Han's who gives him personal items found at Han's crash site.

text: Back at Han's funeral in Los Angeles, Dom notices a car observing them, and after a chase, confronts its driver, who is revealed to be Shaw. Both prepare to fight, but Shaw flees when a covert ops team arrives and opens fire, led by Mr. Nobody. Nobody says that he will assist Dom in stopping Shaw if he helps him obtain God's Eye, a computer program that uses digital devices to track down a person, and save its creator, a hacker named Ramsey, from a mercenary named Mose Jakande. Dom, Brian, Letty, Roman Pearce, and Tej Parker then airdrop their cars over the Caucasus Mountains in Azerbaijan, ambush Jakande's convoy, and rescue Ramsey. The team then heads to Abu Dhabi, where a billionaire has acquired the flash drive containing God's Eye, and manages to steal it from the owner. With God's Eye near telecommunications repeaters, the team tracks down Shaw, who is waiting at a remote factory. Dom, Brian, Nobody and his team attempt to capture Shaw, but are ambushed by Jakande and his men and forced to flee while Jakande obtains God's Eye. At his own request, the injured Nobody is left behind to be evacuated by helicopter while Brian and Dom continue without him. To reduce their disadvantage, the crew returns to Los Angeles to fight Shaw, Jakande and his men. Meanwhile, Brian promises Mia that once they deal with Shaw, he will retire and fully dedicate himself to their family.

text: While Jakande pursues Brian and the rest of the team with a stealth helicopter and an aerial drone, Ramsey attempts to hack into God's Eye. Hobbs, seeing the team in trouble, leaves the hospital and destroys the drone with an ambulance. Brian engages Jakande's henchman Kiet and throws him down an elevator shaft, allowing Ramsey to regain control of God's Eye and shut it down. Dom and Shaw engage in a one-on-one brawl on top of a public parking garage, before Jakande intervenes and attacks them both. Shaw is defeated when part of the parking garage collapses beneath him. Dom then launches his vehicle at Jakande's helicopter, tossing Shaw's bag of grenades onto its skids, before injuring himself when his car lands and crashes. Hobbs then shoots the bag of grenades from ground level, destroying the helicopter and killing Jakande. Dom is pulled from the wreckage of his car, believed to be dead. As Letty cradles Dom's body in her arms, she reveals that she has regained her memories, and that she remembers their wedding. Dom regains consciousness soon after, remarking, "It's about time".

text: Shaw is taken into custody by Hobbs and locked away in a secret, high-security prison. At a beach, Brian and Mia play with their son while Dom, Letty, Roman, Tej, and Ramsey observe, acknowledging that Brian is better off retired with his family. Dom silently leaves, Ramsey asks if he's gonna say goodbye. Dom says, "It's never goodbye." He drives away, but Brian catches up with him at a crossroad. As Dom remembers the times that he had with Brian, they bid each other farewell and drive off in separate directions, as the screen fades to "For Paul" written on a white title screen.

text: The Fate of the Furious (2017)[edit]

text: Dominic "Dom" Toretto and Letty Ortiz are on their honeymoon in Havana when Dom's cousin Fernando gets in trouble owing money to local racer Raldo. Sensing Raldo is a loan shark, Dom challenges Raldo to a race, pitting Fernando's reworked car against Raldo's, and wagering his own show car. After narrowly winning the race, Dom allows Raldo to keep his car, earning his respect, and instead leaves his cousin with his show car.

text: The next day, Dom is approached by the elusive cyberterrorist Cipher who coerces him into working for her. Shortly afterwards, Dom and his team, comprising Letty, Roman Pearce, Tej Parker, and Ramsey, are recruited by Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) agent Luke Hobbs to help him retrieve an EMP device from a military outpost in Berlin. During the getaway, Dom goes rogue, forcing Hobbs off the road and stealing the device for Cipher. Hobbs is arrested and locked up in the same high-security prison he helped imprison Deckard Shaw in. After escaping, Deckard and Hobbs are recruited by intelligence operative Mr. Nobody and his protégé to help the team find Dom and capture Cipher. Deckard reveals that Cipher had hired his brother Owen Shaw to steal the Nightshade device and Mose Jakande to steal God's Eye, Ramsey's software program. The team tracks Dom and Cipher to their very location just as the latter two attack the base and steal God's Eye. When Dom questions Cipher's motives, she reveals that she has been holding hostage Dom's ex-lover and DSS agent Elena Neves—as well as their son, of whose existence Dom was previously unaware. Elena tells Dom that she wanted him to decide the child's first name, having already given him the middle name Marcos.

text: In New York City, Cipher sends Dom to retrieve a nuclear football held by the Russian Minister of Defence. Prior to the theft, Dom briefly evades Cipher and persuades Deckard and Owen's mother, Magdalene Shaw, to help him. Cipher hacks into the electronics systems of a large number of cars, causing them to drive automatically and taking out the convoy so that Dom can take the football. The team intercepts Dom, but Dom escapes, shooting and apparently killing Deckard in the process. Letty catches up to Dom, but is ambushed and nearly killed by Cipher's enforcer, Connor Rhodes, before Dom rescues her. In retaliation, Cipher has Rhodes execute Elena in front of Dom.

text: Dom infiltrates a base in Russia to use the EMP device to disable their security and then to disable a nuclear submarine, enabling Cipher to hijack it and attempt to use its arsenal to trigger a nuclear war. They are once again intercepted by the team, who attempt to shut down the sub, and then drive out toward the gates that would prevent the sub from leaving into open waters. Meanwhile, Deckard, whose death was apparently faked, teams up with Owen, and under Magdalene's behest, infiltrates Cipher's plane to rescue Dom's son. Once Deckard reports that the child is safe, Dom turns on Cipher and kills Rhodes, avenging Elena's death, before rejoining his team. Outraged, Cipher fires an infrared homing missile at Dom, but he breaks away from his team and maneuvers around it, causing the missile to hit the submarine instead. The team quickly forms a vehicular blockade around Dom, shielding him from the ensuing explosion. When Deckard reaches the front of the plane and confronts a defeated Cipher, she makes her escape by parachuting out of the plane.

text: Mr. Nobody and his protégé visit Dom and his team in New York City to report that Cipher is still at large in Athens. Hobbs is offered his DSS job back, but he declines in order to spend more time with his daughter. Deckard delivers Dom his son, putting his differences aside with Dom and Hobbs. Dom names his son Brian, after his friend and brother-in-law Brian O'Conner, and they celebrate.

text: Future[edit]

text: In February 2016, Diesel announced the ninth film and tenth film would be released on April 10, 2020,[3][4] and April 2, 2021, respectively, and that the tenth film would serve as the final film in the series.[5][6] Justin Lin is reportedly in line to direct the ninth installment.[7] It was also announced that Jordana Brewster would return for the ninth installment.

text: In May 2018, Daniel Casey from Kin, was announced to write a screenplay for the ninth film, making the first film in the franchise without long-time screenwriter Chris Morgan.[8]

text: Spin-off[edit]

text: Hobbs & Shaw (2019)[edit]

text: Vin Diesel announced in an interview with Variety that potential spin-offs were in the early stages of development.[9][10] A spin-off film centered around two characters Luke Hobbs and Deckard Shaw was announced by Universal and set with release date of July 26, 2019,[11] with Variety reporting that Shane Black was being considered to direct and Morgan returning to write the script.[12] The announcement of the spin-off provoked a response on Instagram by Tyrese Gibson, criticizing Johnson for causing the ninth Fast & Furious film to be delayed for another year.[11]

text: On October 23, 2017, Dwayne Johnson posted a video on Instagram which showed the finished script for the spin-off, titled Hobbs and Shaw. In February 2018, David Leitch entered talks to direct the film, which was confirmed later that April.[13] In March 2018, it was reported that the film would start production in September 2018.[14] In May 2018, the release date of the film was pushed back a week to August 2, 2019.[15]

text: Television series[edit]

text: On April 23, 2018, it was announced that Universal and DreamWorks Animation are creating an animated series based on the franchise that will be launched on Netflix.[16]

text: Short films[edit]

text: The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)[edit]

text: The short film was included on a new print of the DVD of the first film in June 2003 to bridge the first two films.

text: Brian O'Conner packs his bags and leaves Los Angeles, before the LAPD gets a chance to arrest him for letting Dominic escape. While the FBI launch a national manhunt for him, Brian travels across Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, winning every street race he participates in, with his red Dodge Stealth. However, he is forced to ditch his car at a motel in San Antonio when police officers are notified of his presence. When they collect the car, he manages to hitch a ride from an unknown woman (Minka Kelly), despite her knowing who he really is. She drops him at a used car lot, with him realizing she knows that he is a wanted man. There, he buys a green Nissan Skyline GT-R R34. Later, collecting money from street races, he modifies the car with new rims and repaints it silver before traveling eastbound and winning more races on the way. Upon reaching Jacksonville, Florida, Brian heads south toward Miami, where he sees Slap Jack's Toyota Supra and Orange Julius' Mazda RX-7 (both 2 Fast 2 Furious characters) before the screen reads "2 be continued...".

text: Los Bandoleros (2009)[edit]

text: Tego Leo (Tego Calderón) is in a Dominican Republic prison, ranting about corporations holding back the electric car and starting wars for oil. Meanwhile, on the streets, Rico Santos (Don Omar) chats to an old man unable to find enough gas. Han Lue (Sung Kang) arrives and is collected from the airport by Cara (Mirtha Michelle) and Malo (F. Valentino Morales). They drive him back to Santos' house, where his aunt Rubia (Adria Carrasco) is struggling with rising prices linked to the cost of gasoline and Dominic is working on his car. The team then enjoy a welcome meal with the family. After breaking Leo out of prison, they head to a club, where Han and Cara flirt, while Dominic meets up with local politician Elvis (Juan Fernandez), who informs them of a window of opportunity to hijack a gasoline shipment. While relaxing at the club afterwards, Dominic is surprised by the arrival of Letty, who has tracked him from Mexico. The two drive together to the beach, where they "rekindle their relationship".

text: Storyline chronology[edit]

text: Below is a table of all films, both short and feature length, in chronological order. Real world release dates are also noted.[17]

text:
Timeline order
Title
Release date

1

The Fast and the Furious
2001-06-22 !June 22, 2001

—

The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious
2003-06-03 !June 3, 2003

2

2 Fast 2 Furious
2003-06-06 !June 6, 2003

—

Los Bandoleros
2009-07-28 !July 28, 2009

3

Fast & Furious
2009-04-03 !April 3, 2009

4

Fast Five
2011-04-29 !April 29, 2011

5

Fast & Furious 6
2013-05-24 !May 24, 2013

6

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
2006-06-16 !June 16, 2006

7

Furious 7
2015-04-03 !April 3, 2015

8

The Fate of the Furious
2017-04-12 !April 14, 2017

—

Hobbs & Shaw
2019-2-8 !August 2, 2019

text: Cast and crew members[edit]

text:
Crew/Detail
The Fast and the Furious
(2001)
2 Fast 2 Furious
(2003)
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
(2006)
Fast & Furious
(2009)
Fast Five
(2011)
Fast & Furious 6
(2013)
Furious 7
(2015)
The Fate of the Furious
(2017)

Director
Rob Cohen
John Singleton
Justin Lin
James Wan
F. Gary Gray

Producer(s)
Neal H. Moritz
Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell
Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Clayton Townsend
Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell
Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell, Chris Morgan

Writer(s)
Screenplay by:
Gary Scott Thompson
and Erik Bergquist
and David Ayer

Story by:
Gary Scott Thompson

Based on:
"Racer X" by Ken Li
Screenplay by:
Michael Brandt
& Derek Haas

Story by:
Michael Brandt
& Derek Haas
and Gary Scott Thompson
Written by:
Chris Morgan

Based on characters by:
Gary Scott Thompson

Cinematographer(s)
Ericson Core
Matthew F. Leonetti
Stephen F. Windon
Amir Mokri
Stephen F. Windon
Stephen F. Windon
Marc Spicer
Stephen F. Windon

Composer
BT
David Arnold
Brian Tyler
Lucas Vidal
Brian Tyler

Editor(s)
Peter Honess
Bruce Cannon
Dallas Puett
Kelly Matsumoto
Dallas Puett
Fred Raskin
Christian Wagner
Fred Raskin
Kelly Matsumoto
Fred Raskin
Christian Wagner
Christian Wagner
Kelly Matsumoto
Dylan Highsmith
Greg D'auria
Leigh Folsom Boyd
Christian Wagner
Leigh Folsom Boyd
Dylan Highsmith
Kirk M. Morri
Christian Wagner
Paul Rubell

Costume Designer(s)
Sanja Milkovic Hays

Production Designer
Waldemar Kalinowski
Keith Brian Burns
Ida Random
Peter Wenham
Jan Roelfs
Bill Brzeski

Running time
106 minutes
107 minutes
104 minutes
107 minutes
131 minutes (extended - 132 minutes)
130 minutes (extended - 131 minutes)
137 minutes (extended - 140 minutes)
136 minutes (extended, only on digital - 148 minutes)

MPAA rating
PG-13
PG-13 (Theatrical version)
Unrated (Extended version)
PG-13 (Theatrical version)
Unrated (Extended Director’s Cut, only on Digital)

text: Characters[edit]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text:
Film
Release date
Budget
Box office gross
Box office ranking
Ref(s)

North America
Other
territories
Worldwide
All time
North America
All time
Other territories
All time
worldwide

The Fast and the Furious
June 22, 2001
$38
million
$144,533,925
$62,750,000
$207,283,925
#299

#573
[18]

2 Fast 2 Furious
June 6, 2003
$76
million
$127,154,901
$109,195,760
$236,350,661
#388
#476
[19]

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
June 16, 2006
$85
million
$62,514,415
$95,953,877
$158,468,292
#1,121

[20][21]

Fast & Furious
April 3, 2009
$85
million
$155,064,265
$208,100,000
$363,164,265
#281
#257
#244
[22]

Fast Five
April 29, 2011
$125
million
$209,837,675
$416,300,000
$626,137,675
#137
#85
#89
[23]

Fast & Furious 6
May 24, 2013
$160
million
$238,679,850
$550,000,000
$788,679,850
#101
#38
#49
[24]

Furious 7
April 3, 2015
$190
million
$353,007,020
$1,163,038,891
$1,516,045,911
#37
#3
#6
[25]

The Fate of the Furious
April 14, 2017
$250
million
$226,008,385
$1,009,996,733
$1,236,005,118
#140
#6[26]
#11
[27]

Total
$1
billion
$1,516,800,436
$3,615,335,261
$5,132,135,697
10[28][29]
-[30]
6[31]
[1]

List indicator(s)

A dark grey cell indicates the information is not available for the film.

text: Critical and public response[edit]

text:
Film
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic
CinemaScore

The Fast and the Furious
53% (147 reviews)[32]
58 (34 reviews)[33]
7001750000000000000♠B+[34]

2 Fast 2 Furious
36% (160 reviews)[35]
38 (36 reviews)[36]
7001833300000000000♠A-[34]

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
37% (114 reviews)[37]
45 (32 reviews)[38]
7001833300000000000♠A-[34]

Fast & Furious
29% (175 reviews)[39]
46 (28 reviews)[40]
7001833300000000000♠A-[34]

Fast Five
77% (196 reviews)[41]
66 (41 reviews)[42]
7001916700000000000♠A[34]

Fast & Furious 6
69% (198 reviews)[43]
61 (39 reviews)[44]
7001916700000000000♠A[34]

Furious 7
80% (243 reviews)[45]
67 (50 reviews)[46]
7001916700000000000♠A[34]

The Fate of the Furious
66% (259 reviews)[47]
56 (45 reviews)[48]
7001916700000000000♠A[34]

text: Franchise extension[edit]

text: Theme park attractions[edit]

text: Universal has incorporated several theme park attractions involving the Fast & Furious franchise. Universal Studios Hollywood and its Studio Tour has featured several of the picture car vehicles. From 2006 to 2013, The Fast & The Furious: Extreme Close-Up attraction was part of the Studio Tour.[49][50][51] On June 25, 2015, Universal Studios Hollywood allotted the final portion of their Studio Tour for the dark ride Fast and Furious: Supercharged.[52] Universal Orlando announced the development of a ride of the same name to open in 2018.[53]

text: Fast & Furious Live[edit]

text: Fast & Furious Live is a live show that combines stunt drivers, pyrotechnics and projection mapping.[54] The show had two preview shows on January 11–12 at Liverpool's Echo Arena. It officially began its tour at London's The O2 Arena on January 19, 2018, followed by a worldwide tour until later in 2018. On March 1, 2018, it was revealed on the tour's website that five new dates had been released for September.

text: The following list is sourced from the tour's website.

text: Tour overview[edit]

text:
Tour
Cities
Shows
Start date
End date

UK
London
2
19 January 2018 (2018-01-19)
20 January 2018 (2018-01-20)

Newcastle; Manchester; Birmingham; Sheffield; Belfast; Glasgow
18
6 April 2018 (2018-04-06)
13 May 2018 (2018-05-13)

Worldwide
Antwerp; Turin; Vienna; Munich; Arnhem; Cologne; Montpellier; Lisbon
22
26 January 2018 (2018-01-26)
17 March 2018 (2018-03-17)

Zürich; Stockholm; Oslo; Helsinki; Copenhagen; Berlin; Paris; Turin; Amsterdam; Prague
26
18 May 2018 (2018-05-18)
22 September 2018 (2018-09-22)

text: UK tour dates[edit]

text:
Venue(s)
City(s)
Show(s)
Date(s)

The O2 Arena
London
2
19/20 January 2018

Metro Radio Arena
Newcastle
3
6-8 April 2018

Manchester Arena
Manchester
3
13-15 April 2018

Arena Birmingham
Birmingham
3
20-22 April 2018

The SSE Arena
Belfast
3
27-29 April 2018

FlyDSA Arena
Sheffield
3
4-6 May 2018

The SSE Hydro
Glasgow
3
11-13 May 2018

text: Worldwide tour dates[edit]

text:
Venue(s)
City(s)
Country(s)
Show(s)
Date(s)

Sportpaleis
Antwerp
Belgium
3
26-28 January 2018

Pala Alpitour
Turin
Italy
3
2-4 February 2018

Wiener Stadthalle
Vienna
Austria
3
9-11 February 2018

Olympiahalle
Munich
Germany
3
16-18 February 2018

Gelredome
Arnhem
The Netherlands
2
24/25 February 2018

Lanxess Arena
Cologne
Germany
3
2-4 March 2018

Park&Suites Arena
Montpellier
France
3
9-11 March 2018

Altice Arena
Lisbon
Portugal
2
16/17 March 2018

Hallenstadion
Zürich
Switzerland
3
18-20 May 2018

Ericsson Globe
Stockholm
Sweden
3
25-27 May 2018

Telenor Arena
Oslo
Norway
3
1-3 June 2018

Hartwall Arena
Helsinki
Finland
3
8-10 June 2018

Royal Arena
Copenhagen
Denmark
3
15-17 June 2018

Mercedes-Benz Arena
Berlin
Germany
3
22-24 June 2018

AccorHotels Arena
Paris
France
3
29 June–1 July 2018

Pala Alpitour
Turin
Italy
2
7/8 September 2018

Ziggo Dome
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
1
15 September 2018

O2 Arena
Prague
Czech Republic
2
21/22 September 2018

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text:
Fast & Furious soundtrack albums

Title
Release date

The Fast and the Furious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2001
First soundtrack to the 2001 film

More Fast and Furious
2001
Second soundtrack album to the 2001 film

2 Fast 2 Furious: Soundtrack
2003
Soundtrack to the 2003 film

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2006
First soundtrack to the 2006 film

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (Original Motion Picture Score)
2006
Second soundtrack to the 2006 film

Fast & Furious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2009
First soundtrack to the 2009 film

Fast & Furious (Original Motion Picture Score)
2009
Second soundtrack to the 2009 film

Fast Five (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2011
First soundtrack to the 2011 film

Fast Five: Original Motion Picture Score
2011
Second soundtrack to the 2011 film

Fast & Furious 6 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2013
Soundtrack to the 2013 film

Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2015
First soundtrack to the 2015 film

Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Score
2015
Second soundtrack to the 2015 film

The Fate of the Furious: The Album
2017
First soundtrack to the 2017 film

The Fate of the Furious: Original Motion Picture Score
2017
Second soundtrack to the 2017 film

text: Video games[edit]

text: The film series has spawned several racing video games for various systems. The arcade game The Fast and the Furious (known as Wild Speed in Japan) was released by Raw Thrills in 2004.[55] In 2006, the video game The Fast and the Furious was released for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Several games (The Fast and the Furious: Pink Slip, Fast & Furious, Fast Five, Fast & Furious: Adrenaline, Fast & Furious 6: The Game and Fast & Furious Legacy) have all been released for iOS and are available on the iTunes App Store; for Android devices there is an official version of Fast & Furious 6: The Game and Fast & Furious Legacy. In 2013, Fast & Furious: Showdown was released for the PC (Windows OS), Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. Various cars, locations and characters from the series have also appeared in the Facebook game Car Town. In 2015, in a deal with Microsoft Studios, a standalone expansion of Forza Horizon 2 for Xbox One and Xbox 360 was released titled Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious.

text: Toys and model kits[edit]

text: Racing Champions released diecast metal replicas of the film's cars in different scales from 1/18 to 1/64.[56] RadioShack sold ZipZaps micro RC versions of the cars in 2002.[57] 1/24 scale plastic model kits of the hero cars were manufactured by AMT Ertl. Johnny Lightning, under the JL Full Throttle Brand, released 1/64th and 1/24th models of the cars from Tokyo Drift. These models were designed by Diecast Hall of Fame designer Eric Tscherne. Greenlight has also sold cars from the new films in the series and some from the previous films.[58] Hot Wheels has released 1/64 models since 2013.[59]

text: International locations[edit]

text: The Fast and the Furious franchise was filmed in a number of countries including: Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and the United States.[60]


document_title: Brazos River

question_text: where does the brazos river empty into the gulf of mexico

root

text: Brazos River

text: Geography[edit]

text: The Brazos proper begins at the confluence of the Salt Fork and Double Mountain Fork, two tributaries of the Upper Brazos that rise on the high plains of the Llano Estacado, flowing 840 miles (1,350 km) through the center of Texas. Another major tributary of the Upper Brazos is the Clear Fork Brazos River, which passes by Abilene and joins the main river near Graham. Important tributaries of the Lower Brazos include the Paluxy River, the Bosque River, the Little River, Yegua Creek, Nolan River, the Leon River, the San Gabriel River, the Lampasas River and the Navasota River.[4]

tag: p

text: Initially running east towards Dallas-Fort Worth, the Brazos turns south, passing through Waco and the Baylor University campus, further south to near Calvert, Texas then past Bryan and College Station, then through Richmond, Texas in Fort Bend County, and into the Gulf of Mexico in the marshes just south of Freeport.[3]

text: The main stem of the Brazos is dammed in three places, all north of Waco, forming Possum Kingdom Lake, Lake Granbury, and Lake Whitney. Of these three, Granbury was the last to be completed, in 1969. When its construction was proposed in the mid-1950s, John Graves wrote the book, Goodbye to a River. A small municipal dam (Lake Brazos Dam) is near the downstream city limit of Waco at the end of the Baylor campus; it raises the level of the river through the city to form a town lake. This impoundment of the Brazos through Waco is locally called Lake Brazos. A total of nineteen major reservoirs are located along the Brazos.[5]

text:
North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River at the edge of the Llano Estacado.

Salt Fork Brazos River in Kent County, Texas.

Double Mountain Fork Brazos River north of Rotan, Texas.

Double Mountain Fork Brazos River at the site of former Rath City, Texas.

The Brazos in north Central Texas.

The Brazos in southeast Central Texas west of Bryan, Texas.

tag: ul

text: History[edit]

text: It is unclear when it was first named by European explorers, since it was often confused with the Colorado River not far to the south, but it was certainly seen by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. Later Spanish accounts call it Los Brazos de Dios (the arms of God), for which name there were several different explanations, all involving it being the first water to be found by desperately thirsty parties. In 1842, Indian commissioner of Texas, Ethan Stroud established a trading post on this river.

text: Brazos River was the scene of a battle between the Texas Navy and Mexican Navy during the Texas Revolution. Texas Navy ship Independence was defeated by one Mexican vessel.

text: The river was important for navigation before and after the American Civil War, and steam boats sailed as far up the river as Washington-on-the-Brazos. While attempts to improve commercial navigation on the river continued, railroads proved more reliable. The Brazos River also flooded, often seriously, on a regular basis before a piecemeal levee system was replaced, notably in 1913 when a massive flood affected the course of the river. The river is primarily important today as a source of water for power, irrigation, and recreation. The water is administered by the Brazos River Authority.[4]

text: The river also features prominently in a number of prison songs, because at one time nearly every prison in Texas was near the Brazos.

text: The 2000 book, Sandbars and Sternwheelers: Steam Navigation on the Brazos by Pamela A. Puryear and Nath Winfield, Jr., with introduction by J. Milton Nance, examines the early vessels that attempted to navigate the Brazos.[6]

text: On June 2, 2016, the rising of the river required evacuations for portions of Brazoria County.[7]

text: Brazos watershed[edit]

text: The Brazos River watershed covers a total area of 119,174 square kilometers.[8] Within the watershed lie 42 lakes and rivers which have a combined storage capacity of 2.5 million acre-feet.[9] The Brazos watershed also has an estimated ground water availability of 119,275 acre-feet per year.[10] Approximately 31% of the land use within the watershed is cropland. Approximately 61% is grassland (30%) shrubland (19.8%) and forest (11%) while urban use only makes up 4.6%. The population density within the watershed is 19.5 people per square kilometer.[8]

text: Water quality concerns[edit]

text: The main water quality issues within the Brazos Watershed are high nutrient loads, high bacterial and salinity levels and low dissolved oxygen. These water quality issues can be attributed to livestock, fertilizer and chemical run off. Sources of run off are croplands, pastures, and industrial sites among others.[11] Fracking is also cause for concern regarding water quality within the Brazos Watershed. The Barnett Shale lies partially within the watershed which is the second largest source of natural gas in the US.[12] Studies have shown that the watershed receiving the most toxic pollution is the lower Brazos river which received 33.4 million pounds of toxic waste in 2012.[13]

text: Recreation[edit]

text: Canoeing is a very popular recreational activity on the Brazos River with many locations favorable for launching and recovery. The best paddling can be found immediately below Possum Kingdom Lake and Lake Granbury.[14]

text: Sandbar Camping is also permitted since the entire streambed of the river is considered to be state-owned public property. Fishing, camping, and picnicking are legal here, including on the sandbars.[15] Several scout camps are located along the Brazos River and they support a wide range of water and shoreline activities for scouts, youth groups and family groups.[16]

text: The Brazos River Authority maintains several public campsites along the river and at the lakes. Hunting and fishing are also permitted at select locations along the river.

text: Outdoor enthusiasts enjoy the opportunity to find beautiful scenery and abundant wildlife on the river. Fly fishing and river fishing for largemouth bass are popular.[17]

text: Cultural references[edit]

text:
The Alan Le May novel The Searchers mentions the Salt Fork of the Brazos River several times as a likely place for the protagonists to find Chief Scar, who is holding the captive child Debbie. In the 1956 film based on the novel, Mose Harper identifies the location of Chief Scar's camp as Seven Fingers, which a group of Texas Rangers identify as Seven Fingers of the Brazos.
John Graves' travel narrative Goodbye to a River takes place on the Brazos River.
The Brazos is the setting of the American folk song "Ain't No More Cane".
The "Upper Brazos River" is mentioned in a "King of the Hill" episode from Season 8 entitled "Après Hank, le Deluge".
“Broke Down on the Brazos” is the first track on Gov’t Mule’s 2009 album “By A Thread” and features a guest appearance by ZZ Top guitarist Billy Gibbons.


document_title: House of Night

question_text: what is the third book in the house of night series

text: House of Night

text: Novels[edit]

text: House of Night[edit]

text:
Marked (May 2007) - ISBN 9780312360269
Betrayed (October 2007) - ISBN 9780312360283
Chosen (March 2008) - ISBN 9780312360306
Untamed (September 2008) - ISBN 9780312379834
Hunted (March 2009) - ISBN 9780312577995
Tempted (October 2009) - ISBN 9780312609382
Burned (April 2010) - ISBN 9780312387969
Awakened (January 2011) - ISBN 9780312650247
Destined (October 2011) - ISBN 9780312387983
Hidden (October 2012) - ISBN 9781250041746
Revealed (October 2013) - ISBN 9780312594435
Redeemed (October 2014) - ISBN 9780312594442

tag: ol

text: House of Night: Other World[edit]

text:
Loved (October 2017) - ISBN 9781538431122
Lost (July 2018) - ISBN 9781538440742

text: Novellas[edit]

text:
Dragon's Oath (July 2011) - ISBN 9781250000231
Lenobia's Vow (January 2012) - ISBN 9781250000248
Neferet's Curse (February 2013) - ISBN 9781250000255
Kalona's Fall (July 2014) - ISBN 9781250046116

text: Other related books[edit]

text:
The Fledgling Handbook 101 (October 2010) - ISBN 9780312595128
The Nyx in the House of Night: Mythology, Folklore (June 2011) - BenBella Books, Inc. - ISBN 9781935618553
House of Night: Legacy (July 2012) - Dark Horse Comics - ISBN 9781595829627
Wisdom of the House of Night Oracle Cards: A 50-Card Deck and Guidebook (October 2012) - Ten Speed Press - ISBN 9780770433444

text: The Vampyre World[edit]

text: Instead of vampire, the authors use the variant spelling vampyre throughout the book series. This convention is also applied to the words vampyric and vampyrism.

text: In the fictional world of House of Night, a small percentage of the world's teenagers are changed into vampires when adolescent hormones trigger a strand of what is otherwise junk DNA.[5] The change from human to vampyre takes four years, during which time the adolescents, known as "fledglings," must attend one of the "House of Night" boarding schools.[6] While there, they are required to take the Vampyre Sociology 101 course to learn the dangers they face.[7] If a fledgling is not in constant proximity to adult vampyres, the fledgling will die; so the fledglings rarely leave the school. About one in ten fledglings die anyway, since their bodies cannot tolerate the Change. For those who survive, there's a big reward: in the words of one of the authors, "Vampires are like Superman. They’re super-gorgeous. They’re super-talented. They’re super-men."[8] Vampyres are physically stronger than most adult humans, with accelerated reflexes, enhanced dexterity, life of more than five centuries, as well as heightened senses such as night vision.

text: Only vampyres and fledglings that have blue tattoos are not destroyed by sunlight, as in many vampire novels, but it is painful to them, so classes at the House of Night are held at night.[9] Fledglings are marked by a sapphire blue crescent-shaped outline on their foreheads; when they become full-fledged vampires, this mark becomes solid and they receive more 'tattoos' which extend over their cheeks (these usually represent some personality aspect; for instance, Zoey's equestrian teacher, Lenobia, has tattoos that look like horses.) Zoey is the only fledgling to receive a filled-in mark and tattoos. As she defeats evil, her tattoos extend over her shoulders, down to her lower back, around her waist, down her arms and palms, and across her chest. Older fledglings and adult vampires need to drink small quantities of human blood, but House of Night vampires do not attack humans to get it, instead getting it from blood banks. The taking of blood is pleasurable for both human and vampire, comparable to (and better than) sex and a drug rush, and may lead to a strong emotional bond, called "Imprinting" between the two. When an imprint is broken, either through death, Imprinting of another, or mystical means, it causes major anguish between the vampire and human. Like with Zoey and Heath.

text: Zoey and her friends also face the usual teenage issues. Zoey keeps some secrets from her friends and gets in trouble with them, forcing her to consider the nature of friendship. Kristin Cast said that these moral dilemmas were included because "those are issues teenagers deal with... We're not afraid to discuss things that are actually happening."[10] As with many contemporary vampire novels, exploration of human nature and social commentary forms a subtext.[11] and Tsi Sgili[12] are taken from real Cherokee legends.[13]

text: Outside in the human world, the "People of Faith" is a fictional Protestant religion that is highly intolerant of anything else but their own beliefs. (In an interview, P.C. Cast said that she modeled the People of Faith on the worst fanatics of all religions, not just Protestantism.[14]) Catholicism also plays an important role in the later novels, with the fledglings joining forces with Catholic nuns against Kalona.

text: The religious ambiance gives House of Night a strong moral perspective[15] as it is often enforced that Nyx gives vampyres and humans free will.[16] This theme takes special prominence in Tempted, where Zoey discovers that, although she is the reincarnation of a woman created to love Kalona, she has the power to choose whether she will follow her previous incarnation's path or reject it.[17] One of the characters dies because Zoey makes the wrong choice.[18] Also, in Burned, a Manichaen view of the Universe is presented, in which Good battles Evil: forces of Light combat forces of Darkness and characters must choose which side to be on. Also, the black and white bull are presented.[19] In Awakened, the theme of love is presented, in which love must battle Darkness, and life is really only, always, about love.

text: The Bulls[edit]

text: As noted above, a black bull, known as Light, and a white bull, Darkness, are introduced in Burned. The bulls were not accepted into vampyre society because this was too masculine, and vampyre society is heavily matriarchal.[20] Their counterintuitive colorings are said to signify that each possesses something that the other wants. The bulls often take a price, or a debt, from those who ask them for favors. When Stevie Rae accidentally calls the white bull forth, he answers her question, giving Stark passage to the Otherworld. In return, he drinks from her. When Stevie Rae calls the black bull forth to get rid of the white bull, the black bull makes her swear an oath that she will have a connection to Rephaim. It is noted by Aphrodite that if the white bull kills the black bull, the world will fall. The white bull has intervened many times in the series, always helping Neferet in her plans. He becomes her Consort, but his true plan is to destroy, and consume, the black bull. He will use anyone to do that, and destroy anyone as well.

text: The setting[edit]

text: The series is set in Tulsa, in a small and reclusive part of Midtown. The House of Night campus is in the real life campus of Cascia Hall, and the climactic scene of the first book in the series takes place in the extensive gardens of the Philbrook Museum. Zoey sometimes sneaks off-campus to the elegant shops of nearby Utica Square, and several important confrontations take place in Utica Square's Starbucks coffee shop. Some of the novels' most dramatic scenes take place in a catacomb-like network of tunnels under downtown Tulsa built by bootleggers during Prohibition; though a few such tunnels do indeed exist,[22] and can be visited,[23] they are far less extensive than the tunnels described by Cast. The abandoned Art Deco train depot where the tunnels begin, however, is real[24] and is slated to become a concert hall.[25] The location of Aphrodite's parents' mansion, South 27th Place, is a real street, though the mansion itself is fictional. Though Aphrodite's father, Mr. LaFont, the very rich and old mayor of Tulsa, has a name similar to the former, very rich, mayor of Tulsa Bill LaFortune, his character is very different, and the author has stressed that her fictional mayor is indeed fictional.[26] The Benedictine convent to which Zoey and her friends flee.[27] is real; it is called St. Joseph Monastery.[28] And the devastating ice storm through which they flee was based on a real ice storm that hit Tulsa in December 2007.[29] The climactic scene in Tempted takes place far from Tulsa, on San Clemente Island near Venice, which in real life called Isola di San Clemente and is part of the small island around Venice. The church at which the Vampyre High Council meets was built in 1131.[30]

text: Much of Burned takes place on the Inner Hebrides island of Skye, in the palace of Sgiach, the Vampyre queen. According to Scottish tradition, Sgiach (usually spelled Sgathach) was a princess many centuries ago who ran the best warrior training school in Scotland.[31] Princess Sgathach lived in Dunscaith Castle, which is today a ruin. (Seoras Wallace, the doughty Scottish historian who provided P.C. Cast with a background on Scottish mythology, became her boyfriend, and the Burned character of Sgiach's consort is modelled on him.[32])

text: Characters[edit]

text: The following lists a number of the characters in House of Night.[33]

text:
Zoey Redbird: the main protagonist of the series. She has an affinity for all five elements (air, fire, water, earth and spirit), and is the only High Priestess to have ever been given that magnitude of power by the Goddess Nyx. Zoey is also the youngest High Priestess in vampyre history.
Neferet: Main antagonist and former High Priestess, now immortal Consort of Darkness and witch Queen of the Tsi Sgili. Neferet is initially introduced as a kind, loving mentor to Zoey, but is gradually revealed to be on the side of Darkness.
Aphrodite LaFont: Former "hag from hell" and Zoey's enemy in the first book. An Oracle and Prophetess, she gradually grows to trust Zoey and the rest of the nerd herd.
Stevie Rae Johnson: Zoey's best friend, and the first red vampyre High Priestess in history. She also has an affinity for earth, and is Rephaim's girlfriend later in the series.
Erin Bates: A fledgling and member of the nerd herd with an affinity for water before she left to be with the evil red fledgling Dallas. Her body eventually rejects the Change and she dies.
Shaunee Cole: A fledgling and member of the nerd herd with an affinity for fire. Girlfriend of Erik Night in Redeemed.
Damien Maslin: A fledgling, member of the nerd herd with an affinity for air and Jack's boyfriend.
Heath Luck: Zoey's human " almost boyfriend", who can't seem to stay away despite her best efforts. Their Imprint breaks twice: once when Zoey Imprints with Loren Blake, and again when Heath is killed by Kalona. Part of Heath's soul later returns in Aurox, the Vessel created by Neferet.
Nyx: The Goddess of the vampyres and former love of Kalona. Erebus is her Consort.
Erik Night: A former fledgling and Zoey's ex-boyfriend, now the vampyre Tracker for Tulsa's House of Night. Erik has a talent for acting, and once won an international House of Night monologue competition. He and Shaunee later start seeing each other.
Kalona: Erebus's brother and the fallen immortal Guardian of Nyx. Father of Rephaim and the Raven Mockers. He was once a glorious winged immortal of Nyx as well as her warrior and lover, but he grew jealous of his brother and was eventually deceived by Darkness, and was thus cast from the Otherworld by Nyx, an act that broke her heart. His wings turned black after this, reflecting the taint of Darkness in his soul.
Darius: A Son of Erebus tasked with guarding Zoey. He later becomes Aphrodite's Warrior.
Loren Blake: The vampyre Poet Laureate and a professor at the House of Night, he flirts with Zoey and later Imprints with her, but is revealed to be Neferet's lover and puppet. Neferet kills him in Chosen when he begins to show real concern for Zoey.
Kramisha: A red fledgling with a gift for poetry who is named Zoey's Poet Laureate.
Dragon Lankford: Anastasia's husband, the fencing instructor.
Anastasia Lankford: Dragon's wife, the Spells and Rituals professor.
Sylvia Redbird: Zoey's grandmother, a Cherokee Wise Woman. She owns a lavender farm and is often on hand to give Zoey advice and reassurance in the fight against Darkness.
James Stark: A red vampyre who becomes Zoey's Warrior and Guardian and also has an affinity for archery (he can't miss what he aims at).
Jack Twist: Damien's boyfriend and a member of the nerd herd, who has an unofficial affinity for technology. In Awakened, Neferet, needing a sacrifice for the white bull, chose Jack because he refused to revoke Nyx in favor of evil, and killed him, making it seem like an accident.
Rephaim: Kalona's eldest and favorite Raven Mocker son. Later he becomes Stevie Rae's boyfriend and in Awakened he gets a normal body, but because of the mistakes he made in the past, is he only normal by night. By day he is a raven.
Shaylin Ruede: A blind girl who is the first fledgling to be Marked red. When Erik Marks her, she is gifted with an affinity for True Sight, and later for water.
Nisroc: Kalona's second eldest son and second most evolved, took care of his brothers while Kalona and Rephaim were away.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: In November 2011, it was announced that the film rights to House of Night had been acquired by producer Samuel Hadida's production company, Davis Films and will be distributed by Lionsgate. P.C. Cast also said through her live stream chat that she confirmed for five movies. Currently, an outline of the screenplay has been written. The authors, Kristen and P.C. Cast, have been unable to get in contact with the producer therefore there are no known future plans for the movies as of now.[34]

text: Comic book adaptation[edit]

text: P.C. Cast announced on her website that a graphic book adaptation of the House of Night series, titled House of Night: Legacy, would be published in monthly issues by Dark Horse Comics starting the November 9, 2011. The comic book spanned five issues, each relating to a different element. The action takes place between Marked and Betrayed concerning Zoey's struggle to become a good leader for the Dark Daughters. To help her learn, Nyx places five tests in her way, each dealing with a story from the The Fledgling Handbook 101. The drawings were be done by Joëlle Jones, cover by Jenny Frison.[35]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The series has received generally good reviews, reaching 5th in the New York Times Children's Bestsellers list.[36]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Romantic Times Reviewers' Choice Award for Marked (Young Adult Novel)[37]
Romantic Times Reviewers' Choice Award for Tempted (Best Young Adult Paranormal/Fantasy Novel)[38]
Goodreads Choice Award for Burned (Favorite Book, Young Adult Fantasy, Favorite Heroine)[39]
A nomination for Teen Read Award for Best series in 2010.

text: The sixth novel in the series, Tempted, went on sale in October, 2009 with a first printing of a million copies,[40] entered the USA Today bestseller list that week at #1.[41] In January, 2010, Gezeichnet, a German translation of Marked, reached the #1 spot on the Der Spiegel bestseller list.[42] The seventh novel, Burned, was released on April 27, 2010,[43] and like Tempted, entered the USA Today bestseller list at #1.[44] Awakened, released in January, 2011, also entered the list at #1.[45]

text: Bans and challenges[edit]

text: In 2009 Henderson Junior High School in Stephenville, Texas, banned the entire series from its libraries, including the books that had yet to be written for "sexual content and nudity".[46]


document_title: To Kill a Mockingbird (film)

question_text: who played boo in to kill a mocking bird

text: To Kill a Mockingbird (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film's young protagonists, Jean Louise "Scout" Finch (Mary Badham) and her brother Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch (Phillip Alford), live in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the early 1930s. The story covers three years, during which Scout and Jem undergo changes in their lives. They are innocent children, spending their days happily playing games with each other and spying on Arthur "Boo" Radley (Robert Duvall) who has not left his home for many years and about whom many rumors circulate. Their widowed father, Atticus (Gregory Peck), is a town lawyer and has strong beliefs that all people are to be treated fairly, to turn the other cheek, and to stand for what you believe. He also allows his children to call him by his first name. Early in the film, the children see their father accept hickory nuts, and other produce, from Mr. Cunningham (Crahan Denton) for legal work because the client has no money.[4] Through their father's work as a lawyer, Scout and Jem begin to learn of the racism and evil in their town, aggravated by poverty; they mature quickly as they are exposed to it.

text: The local judge (Paul Fix) appoints Atticus to defend a black man, Tom Robinson (Brock Peters), against an accusation of rape of a white girl, Mayella Ewell (Collin Wilcox). Atticus accepts the case. Jem and Scout experience schoolyard taunts for their father's decision. Later, as Atticus is sitting in front of the local jail to safeguard Robinson, a lynch mob arrives, which includes Mr. Cunningham. Scout, Jem and their friend, Dill (John Megna), interrupt the confrontation. Scout, unaware of the mob's purpose, recognizes Cunningham as the man who paid her father in hickory nuts and tells him to say hello to his son, who is her schoolmate. Cunningham becomes embarrassed and the mob disperses.

text: At the trial, it is undisputed that Tom came to Mayella's home at her request to help with the chopping up of a chifforobe, and that Mayella showed signs of having been beaten around that time. Among Atticus' chief arguments is that Tom has a crippled left arm, yet the supposed rapist would have had to make extensive use of his left hand in assaulting Mayella before raping her. Atticus then points out that Mayella's father, Bob Ewell (James Anderson), is left handed, implying that he – rather than Tom – was the one who beat Mayella. Atticus also states that the girl had not been examined by a doctor to check for signs of rape after the supposed assault. In his closing argument Atticus asks the all-white male jury to cast aside their prejudices and instead focus on Tom's obvious innocence. In taking the stand in his own defense, Tom denies he attacked Mayella, but states she kissed him. He testifies he voluntarily assisted Mayella because "I felt sorry for her because…". Although Tom does not finish his sentence, the prosecutor (William Windom) hammers home the point that he was a black man feeling sorry for a white woman. In a town where whites are viewed as superior to blacks, Tom's sympathy for Mayella dooms his case, and he is found guilty.

text: As Atticus leaves the courtroom, the black spectators in the balcony rise to their feet as a sign of respect and appreciation. Reverend Sykes says to Scout, "Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing." When Atticus arrives home, Sheriff Heck Tate (Frank Overton) tells him that Tom has been killed by a deputy during his transfer to prison. According to this deputy, Tom was trying to escape, "running like a crazy man" before he was shot. Atticus and Jem go to the Robinson family home to inform them of Tom's death. Bob Ewell, Mayella's father, appears and spits in Atticus' face while Jem waits in the car. Atticus wipes his face and leaves.

text: Autumn arrives, and Scout and Jem attend a nighttime Halloween pageant at their school. Scout wears a large hard-shelled ham costume, portraying one of Maycomb county's products. At some point during the pageant, Scout's dress and shoes are misplaced. She is forced to walk home without shoes, wearing her ham costume. While cutting through the woods, Scout and Jem are attacked by an unidentified man who has been following them. Scout's costume, like an awkward suit of armor, protects her from the attack but restricts her movement and severely restricts her vision. Jem is knocked unconscious and Scout escapes unharmed in a brief but violent struggle. Their attacker is thwarted and overcome by another unidentified man. Scout escapes her costume in time to see the second man carrying Jem to their home. Scout follows the stranger inside and runs into the arms of a concerned Atticus. Doc Reynolds comes over and treats the broken arm of an unconscious Jem.

text: When Sheriff Tate asks Scout what happened, she sees a man standing quietly in the corner behind the door of Jem's room. Atticus formally introduces Scout to Arthur Radley, whom she has known as Boo, the man who came to the aid of Jem and Scout in the woods. It is revealed that Boo had overpowered Bob Ewell before carrying Jem home. The sheriff reports that Ewell was discovered dead at the scene of the attack with a knife in his ribs. Atticus assumes that Jem killed Ewell in self-defense. Sheriff Tate, however, believes that Boo killed Ewell in defense of the children, and he tells Atticus that to drag the shy and reserved Boo into the spotlight for his heroism would be "a sin". To protect Boo, Sheriff Tate suggests that Ewell "fell on his knife". Scout draws a startlingly precocious analogy, likening unwelcome public attention to Boo to the killing of a mockingbird.

text: Cast[edit]

text: In the order of the film's opening credits:

text:
Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch
John Megna as Charles Baker "Dill" Harris
Frank Overton as Sheriff Heck Tate
Rosemary Murphy as Miss Maudie Atkinson
Ruth White as Mrs Dubose
Brock Peters as Tom Robinson
Estelle Evans as Calpurnia
Paul Fix as Judge John Taylor
Collin Wilcox as Mayella Violet Ewell
James Anderson as Robert E. Lee "Bob" Ewell
Alice Ghostley as Miss Stephanie Crawford
Robert Duvall as Arthur "Boo" Radley
William Windom as Horace Gilmer, District Attorney
Crahan Denton as Walter Cunningham
Richard Hale as Nathan Radley
Mary Badham as Scout
Phillip Alford as Jem

text: Uncredited roles (in order of appearance)

text:
Kim Stanley.........Unseen narrator—the voice of adult Scout—"Maycomb was a tired old town – even in 1932 when I first knew it – that summer I was six years old."
Paulene Myers.........Mrs. Dubose's servant, sitting close to her on the Dubose porch (she has no speaking lines).
Jamie Forster.........Mr. Townsend, sitting on a bench, with three men, near the courthouse: "If you're lookin' for your daddy, he's inside the courthouse."
Steve Condit.........Mr. Cunningham's son Walter, at dinner with the Finch family: "Yes, sir. I don't know when I had roast. We been havin' squirrels and rabbits lately."
David Crawford.........David, Tom Robinson's son, sitting on the steps to the Robinsons' shack: "Good evening."
Kim Hamilton.........Helen, Tom Robinson's wife, inside the Robinsons' shack: "Good evening, Mr. Finch."
Dan White.........Mob leader approaching as Atticus Finch sits in front of the jailhouse: "He in there, Mr. Finch?"
Kelly Thordsen.........Heavyset member of the mob who grabs and picks up Jem: "Well, I'll send you home."
William "Bill" Walker.........Reverend Sykes, at the courthouse for Tom Robinson's trial: "Miss Jean Louise? Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passin'."
Charles Fredericks.........Court clerk at Tom Robinson's trial: "Place your hand on the bible, please. Do you solemnly swear to tell the truth...?"
Guy Wilkerson.........Jury foreman at Tom Robinson's trial: We find the defendant guilty as charged."
Jay Sullivan.........Court reporter at Tom Robinson's trial: "Yes."
Jester Hairston.........Tom Robinson's father in front of the Robinsons' shack: "Hello Mr. Finch. I'm Spence, Tom's father."
Hugh Sanders.........Doctor who examines Jem: "He's got a bad break, so far as I can tell. Somebody tried to wring his arm off."

text: Music[edit]

text:
To Kill a Mockingbird

Soundtrack album by Elmer Bernstein

Released
Early April 1963[5]

Recorded
August 1–2, 1996, City Halls, Glasgow

Label
Varèse Sarabande

tag: table

text: Elmer Bernstein's score for To Kill a Mockingbird is regarded as one of the greatest film scores[6] and has been recorded three times. It was first released in April 1963 on Ava; then Bernstein re-recorded it in the 1970s for his Film Music Collection series; and finally, he recorded the complete score (below) in 1996 with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra for the Varese Sarabande Film Classics series.

text:
"Main Title" – 3:21
"Remember Mama" – 1:08
"Atticus Accepts The Case – Roll in the Tire" – 2:06
"Creepy Caper – Peek-A-Boo" – 4:10
"Ewell's Hatred" – 3:33
"Jem's Discovery" – 3:47
"Tree Treasure" – 4:23
"Lynch Mob" – 3:04
"Guilty Verdict" – 3:10
"Ewell Regret It" – 2:11
"Footsteps in the Dark" – 2:07
"Assault in the Shadows" – 2:28
"Boo Who" – 3:00
"End Title" – 3:25

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received widespread critical acclaim. As of May 2018, it maintains a 91% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 57 reviews.[7] According to Bosley Crowther:[8]

text: "Horton Foote's script and the direction of Mr. Mulligan may not penetrate that deeply, but they do allow Mr. Peck and little Miss Badham and Master Alford to portray delightful characters. Their charming enactments of a father and his children in that close relationship, which can occur at only one brief period, are worth all the footage of the film. Rosemary Murphy as a neighbor, Brock Peters as the Negro on trial, and Frank Overton as a troubled sheriff are good as locality characters, too. James Anderson and Collin Wilcox as Southern bigots are almost caricatures. But those are minor shortcomings in a rewarding film."

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times criticized the film for focusing less on the blacks, denouncing the cliché of the honest, white man standing for a helpless black:[9]

text: "It expresses the liberal pieties of a more innocent time, the early 1960s, and it goes very easy on the realities of small-town Alabama in the 1930s. One of the most dramatic scenes shows a lynch mob facing Atticus, who is all by himself on the jailhouse steps the night before Tom Robinson's trial. The mob is armed and prepared to break in and hang Robinson, but Scout bursts onto the scene, recognizes a poor farmer who has been befriended by her father, and shames him (and all the other men) into leaving. Her speech is a calculated strategic exercise, masked as the innocent words of a child; one shot of her eyes shows she realizes exactly what she's doing. Could a child turn away a lynch mob at that time, in that place? Isn't it nice to think so."

text: Gregory Peck's performance became synonymous with the role and character of Atticus Finch. Producer Alan J. Pakula remembered hearing from Peck when he was first approached with the role: "He called back immediately. No maybes. […] I must say the man and the character he played were not unalike".[10] Peck later said in an interview that he was drawn to the role because the book reminded him of growing up in La Jolla, California.[11] "Hardly a day passes that I don't think how lucky I was to be cast in that film", Peck said in a 1997 interview. "I recently sat at a dinner next to a woman who saw it when she was 14 years old, and she said it changed her life. I hear things like that all the time".[12]

text: Gregory Peck[edit]

text: The 1962 softcover edition of the novel opens with the following: The Southern town of Maycomb, Alabama, reminds me of the California town I grew up in. The characters of the novel are like people I knew as a boy. I think perhaps the great appeal of the novel is that it reminds readers everywhere of a person or a town they have known. It is to me a universal story – moving, passionate and told with great humor and tenderness. Gregory Peck.

text: Harper Lee, in liner notes written for the film's DVD re-release by Universal, wrote: "When I learned that Gregory Peck would play Atticus Finch in the film production of To Kill a Mockingbird, I was of course delighted: here was a fine actor who had made great films – what more could a writer ask for? ...The years told me his secret. When he played Atticus Finch, he had played himself, and time has told all of us something more: when he played himself, he touched the world".[13] Upon Peck's death in 2003, Brock Peters, who played Tom Robinson in the film version, quoted Harper Lee at Peck's eulogy, saying, "Atticus Finch gave him an opportunity to play himself". Peters concluded his eulogy stating, "To my friend Gregory Peck, to my friend Atticus Finch, vaya con Dios".[14] Peters remembered the role of Tom Robinson when he recalled, "It certainly is one of my proudest achievements in life, one of the happiest participations in film or theater I have experienced".[15] Peters remained friends not only with Peck but with Mary Badham throughout his life.

text: Peck himself admitted that many people have reminded him of this film more than any other film he has ever done.[16]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: In 1995 To Kill a Mockingbird was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[17] It is also Robert Duvall's big-screen debut, as the misunderstood recluse Boo Radley. Duvall was cast on the recommendation of screenwriter Horton Foote, who met him at Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City where Duvall starred in a 1957 production of Foote's play, The Midnight Caller.[18]

text: The American Film Institute named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century.[19] Additionally, the AFI ranked the movie second on their 100 Years... 100 Cheers list, behind It's a Wonderful Life.[20] The film was ranked number 34 on AFI's list of the 100 greatest movies of all time, but moved up to number 25 on the 10th Anniversary list.[21] In June 2008, the AFI revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. To Kill a Mockingbird was acknowledged as the best film in the courtroom drama genre.[22]

text: In 2007 Hamilton was honored by the Harlem community for her part in the movie. She was the last surviving African-American adult who had a speaking part in the movie. When told of the award, she said, "I think it is terrific. I'm very pleased and very surprised".[23]

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #34
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:

Atticus Finch – #1 Hero

AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

"Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing." – Nominated[24]
"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view, until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it." – Nominated[24]

AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – #17
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #2
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies: 10th Anniversary Edition– #25
AFI's 10 Top 10 – #1 Courtroom Drama

text: Academy Awards[edit]

text: The film won three Academy Awards out of the eight for which it was nominated.[25]

text:
Academy Award for Best Actor — Gregory Peck (The award was presented to Peck by Sophia Loren)
Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay – Horton Foote
Academy Award for Best Art Direction – Set Decoration, Black-and-White — (Henry Bumstead, Alexander Golitzen, and Oliver Emert)

text: Other nominations were for

text:
Best Picture (Producer, Alan J. Pakula)
Best Director (Robert Mulligan)
Best Cinematography, Black-and-White (Russell Harlan),
Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Mary Badham)
Best Music, Score — Substantially Original (Elmer Bernstein)

text: Its main competition was Lawrence of Arabia, which won the Oscar for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Score. Peter O'Toole had been nominated for Best Actor for his performance as T. E. Lawrence, but Peck won for Mockingbird. The Longest Day claimed the award for Best Cinematography, while Patty Duke was awarded Best Supporting Actress for her work in The Miracle Worker.

text: Golden Globe Awards[edit]

text:
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama — Gregory Peck
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score — Motion Picture — Elmer Bernstein
Golden Globe Award for Best Film Promoting International Understanding — To Kill a Mockingbird

text: Cannes Film Festival[edit]

text: The film was selected for the 1963 Cannes Film Festival in feature film category, winning the Gary Cooper Award.[26][27]