document_title: North America

question_text: what are the two largest countries in north america

question_tokens: what are the two largest countries in north america

root

text: North America

text: Name

tag: p

text: The Americas are usually accepted as having been named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci by the German cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann.[6] Vespucci, who explored South America between 1497 and 1502, was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a different landmass previously unknown by Europeans. In 1507, Waldseemüller produced a world map, in which he placed the word "America" on the continent of South America, in the middle of what is today Brazil. He explained the rationale for the name in the accompanying book Cosmographiae Introductio:[7]

text: ... ab Americo inventore ... quasi Americi terram sive Americam (from Americus the discoverer ... as if it were the land of Americus, thus America).

text: For Waldseemüller, no one should object to the naming of the land after its discoverer. He used the Latinized version of Vespucci's name (Americus Vespucius), but in its feminine form "America", following the examples of "Europa", "Asia" and "Africa".

text: Later, other mapmakers extended the name America to the northern continent, In 1538, Gerard Mercator used America on his map of the world for all the Western Hemisphere.[8]

text: Some argue that the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries except in the case of royalty and so a derivation from "Amerigo Vespucci" could be problematic.[9] Ricardo Palma (1949) proposed a derivation from the "Amerrique" mountains of Central America—Vespucci was the first to discover South America and the Amerrique mountains of Central America, which connected his discoveries to those of Christopher Columbus.

text: Alfred E. Hudd proposed a theory in 1908 that the continents are named after a Welsh merchant named Richard Amerike from Bristol, who is believed to have financed John Cabot's voyage of discovery from England to Newfoundland in 1497. A minutely explored belief that has been advanced is that America was named for a Spanish sailor bearing the ancient Visigothic name of 'Amairick'. Another is that the name is rooted in a Native American language.[8]

text: Extent

text: The term North America maintains various definitions in accordance with location and context. In Canadian English, North America may be used to refer to the United States and Canada together.[10] Alternatively, usage sometimes includes Greenland[11][12][13] and Mexico (as in the North American Free Trade Agreement),[12][14][15][16][17] as well as offshore islands. The UN geoscheme for "North America" separates Mexico from the United States and Canada, placing it instead within its designated "Central America" region, while also treating the islands of the Caribbean separately from the US/Canada definition—the UN's "North America" definition still includes the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Greenland together with the US/Canada continental definition, with both insular entities being tectonically on the North American plate.

text: In France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Romania, Greece, and the countries of Latin America, the cognates of North America usually designate a subcontinent of the Americas comprising Canada, the United States, and Mexico, and often Greenland, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, and Bermuda.[18][19][20][21][22]

text: North America has been historically referred to by other names. Spanish North America (New Spain) was often referred to as Northern America, and this was the first official name given to Mexico.[23]

text: Regions

text: Geographically the North American continent has many regions and subregions. These include cultural, economic, and geographic regions. Economic regions included those formed by trade blocs, such as the North American Trade Agreement bloc and Central American Trade Agreement. Linguistically and culturally, the continent could be divided into Anglo-America and Latin America. Anglo-America includes most of Northern America, Belize, and Caribbean islands with English-speaking populations (though sub-national entities, such as Louisiana and Quebec, are Francophone in composition).

text: The southern North American continent is composed of two regions. These are Central America and the Caribbean.[24][25] The north of the continent maintains recognized regions as well. In contrast to the common definition of "North America", that which encompasses the whole continent, the term "North America" is also used to refer to Canada, Mexico, the United States, and Greenland.[11][12][13][14][26]

text: The term Northern America refers to the northern-most countries and territories of North America, Canada, the United States, Greenland, Bermuda, and St. Pierre and Miquelon.[27][28] Although rarely used,[citation needed] the term Middle America—not to be confused with the Midwestern United States—groups the regions of Central America, the Caribbean, and Mexico.[29]

text: The largest countries of the continent, Canada and the United States, also contain well-defined and recognized regions. In the case of Canada these are the British Columbia Coast, Canadian Prairies, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Canada. These regions also contain many subregions. In the case of the United States – and in accordance with the US Census Bureau definitions – these regions are: New England, Mid-Atlantic, East North Central States, West North Central States, South Atlantic States, East South Central States, West South Central States, Mountain States, and Pacific States. Regions shared between both nations included the Great Lakes Region. Megalopolises have also formed between both nations in the case of the Pacific Northwest and the Great Lakes Megaregion.

text: Countries, territories, and dependencies

text:
Flag
Country or territory[15][16][17]
Area
(km2)[30]
Population
(2008 est.)[31]
Population density
(per km2)
Capital

Anguilla (UK)
7001910000000000000♠91
7004150000000000000♠15,000
164.8
The Valley

Antigua and Barbuda
7002442000000000000♠442
7004880000000000000♠88,000
199.1
St. John's

Aruba (NLD)[note 2]
7002180000000000000♠180
7005107000000000000♠107,000
594.4
Oranjestad

The Bahamas[note 3]
7004139430000000000♠13,943
7005342000000000000♠342,000
24.5
Nassau

Barbados
7002430000000000000♠430
7005256000000000000♠256,000
595.3
Bridgetown

Belize
7004229660000000000♠22,966
7005307000000000000♠307,000
13.4
Belmopan

Bermuda (UK)
7001540000000000000♠54
7004650000000000000♠65,000
1203.7
Hamilton

Bonaire (NLD)[note 2]
7002294000000000000♠294
7004120930000000000♠12,093[32]
41.1
Kralendijk

British Virgin Islands (UK)
7002151000000000000♠151
7004230000000000000♠23,000
152.3
Road Town

Canada
7006998467000000000♠9,984,670
7007335730000000000♠33,573,000
3.4
Ottawa

Cayman Islands (UK)
7002264000000000000♠264
7004560000000000000♠56,000
212.1
George Town

Clipperton Island (FRA)
7000600000000000000♠6
5000000000000000000♠0
0.0
—

Costa Rica
7004511000000000000♠51,100
7006457900000000000♠4,579,000
89.6
San José

Cuba
7005109886000000000♠109,886
7007112040000000000♠11,204,000
102.0
Havana

Curaçao (NLD)[note 2]
7002444000000000000♠444
7005140794000000000♠140,794[32]
317.1
Willemstad

Dominica
7002751000000000000♠751
7004670000000000000♠67,000
89.2
Roseau

Dominican Republic
7004486710000000000♠48,671
7007100900000000000♠10,090,000
207.3
Santo Domingo

El Salvador
7004210410000000000♠21,041
7006616300000000000♠6,163,000
293.0
San Salvador

Greenland (DNK)
7006216608600000000♠2,166,086
7004570000000000000♠57,000
0.026
Nuuk

Grenada
7002344000000000000♠344
7005104000000000000♠104,000
302.3
St. George's

Guadeloupe (FRA)
7003162800000000000♠1,628
7005401784000000000♠401,784[33]
246.7
Basse-Terre

Guatemala
7005108889000000000♠108,889
7007140270000000000♠14,027,000
128.8
Guatemala City

Haiti
7004277500000000000♠27,750
7007100330000000000♠10,033,000
361.5
Port-au-Prince

Honduras
7005112492000000000♠112,492
7006746600000000000♠7,466,000
66.4
Tegucigalpa

Jamaica
7004109910000000000♠10,991
7006271900000000000♠2,719,000
247.4
Kingston

Martinique (FRA)
7003112800000000000♠1,128
7005397693000000000♠397,693[34]
352.6
Fort-de-France

Mexico
7006196437500000000♠1,964,375
7008112322757000000♠112,322,757
57.1
Mexico City

Montserrat (UK)
7002102000000000000♠102
7003600000000000000♠6,000
58.8
Plymouth (Brades)[note 4]

Navassa Island (United States)
7000500000000000000♠5[35]
5000000000000000000♠0[36]
0.0

Nicaragua
7005130373000000000♠130,373
7006574300000000000♠5,743,000
44.1
Managua

Panama[note 2][note 5]
7004754170000000000♠75,417
7006345400000000000♠3,454,000
45.8
Panama City

Puerto Rico (United States)
7003887000000000000♠8,870
7006398200000000000♠3,982,000
448.9
San Juan

Saba (NLD)
7001130000000000000♠13
7003153700000000000♠1,537[32]
118.2
The Bottom

Saint Barthélemy (FRA)
7001210000000000000♠21[35]
7003744800000000000♠7,448[36]
354.7
Gustavia

Saint Kitts and Nevis
7002261000000000000♠261
7004520000000000000♠52,000
199.2
Basseterre

Saint Lucia
7002539000000000000♠539
7005172000000000000♠172,000
319.1
Castries

Saint Martin (FRA)
7001540000000000000♠54[35]
7004298200000000000♠29,820[36]
552.2
Marigot

Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FRA)
7002242000000000000♠242
7003600000000000000♠6,000
24.8
Saint-Pierre

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
7002389000000000000♠389
7005109000000000000♠109,000
280.2
Kingstown

Sint Eustatius (NLD)
7001210000000000000♠21
7003273900000000000♠2,739[32]
130.4
Oranjestad

Sint Maarten (NLD)
7001340000000000000♠34
7004400090000000000♠40,009[32]
1176.7
Philipsburg

Trinidad and Tobago[note 2]
7003513000000000000♠5,130
7006133900000000000♠1,339,000
261.0
Port of Spain

Turks and Caicos Islands (UK)[note 6]
7002948000000000000♠948
7004330000000000000♠33,000
34.8
Cockburn Town

United States of America[note 7]
7006962909100000000♠9,629,091
7008311630000000000♠311,630,000
32.7
Washington, D.C.

United States Virgin Islands (United States)
7002347000000000000♠347
7005110000000000000♠110,000
317.0
Charlotte Amalie

Total
7007245009950000000♠24,500,995
7008541720440000000♠541,720,440
22.9

tag: table

text: History

text: Geologic history

text: Laurentia is an ancient craton which forms the geologic core of North America; it formed between 1.5 and 1.0 billion years ago during the Proterozoic eon.[37] The Canadian Shield is the largest exposure of this craton. From the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic eras, North America was joined with the other modern-day continents as part of the supercontinent Pangaea, with Eurasia to its east. One of the results of the formation of Pangaea was the Appalachian Mountains, which formed some 480 million years ago, making it among the oldest mountain ranges in the world. When Pangaea began to rift around 200 million years ago, North America became part of Laurasia, before it separated from Eurasia as its own continent during the mid-Cretaceous period.[38] The Rockies and other western mountain ranges began forming around this time from a period of mountain building called the Laramide orogeny, between 80 and 55 million years ago. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama that connected the continent to South America arguably occurred approximately 12 to 15 million years ago,[39] and the Great Lakes (as well as many other northern freshwater lakes and rivers) were carved by receding glaciers about 10,000 years ago.

text: North America is the source of much of what humanity knows about geologic time periods.[40] The geographic area that would later become the United States has been the source of more varieties of dinosaurs than any other modern country.[40] According to paleontologist Peter Dodson, this is primarily due to stratigraphy, climate and geography, human resources, and history.[40] Much of the Mesozoic Era is represented by exposed outcrops in the many arid regions of the continent.[40] The most significant Late Jurassic dinosaur-bearing fossil deposit in North America is the Morrison Formation of the western United States.[41]

text: Pre-Columbian

text: The indigenous peoples of North America have many creation myths by which they assert that they have been present on the land since its creation.[42] The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, are subject to ongoing research and discussion.[43] The traditional theory has been that these early migrants moved into the Beringia land bridge between eastern Siberia and present-day Alaska around 25,000 to 11,000 years ago.[44] The few agreements achieved to date are the origin from Central Asia, with widespread habitation of the Americas during the end of the last glacial period, or more specifically what is known as the late glacial maximum, around 13,000 years before present.[45] Some genetic research indicated secondary waves of migration occurred after the initial Paleo-Indian colonization,[46] but prior to modern Inuit, Inupiat and Yupik expansions.[47]

text: Before contact with Europeans, the natives of North America were divided into many different polities, from small bands of a few families to large empires. They lived in several "culture areas", which roughly correspond to geographic and biological zones and give a good indication of the main lifeway or occupation of the people who lived there (e.g., the bison hunters of the Great Plains, or the farmers of Mesoamerica). Native groups can also be classified by their language family (e.g., Athapascan or Uto-Aztecan). Peoples with similar languages did not always share the same material culture, nor were they always allies. Anthropologists think that the Inuit people of the high Arctic came to North America much later than other native groups, as evidenced by the disappearance of Dorset culture artifacts from the archaeological record, and their replacement by the Thule people.

text: During the thousands of years of native habitation on the continent, cultures changed and shifted. One of the oldest cultures yet found is the Clovis culture of modern New Mexico. Later cultures include the Mississippian culture and related Mound building cultures, found in the Mississippi river valley and the Pueblo culture of what is now the Four Corners. The more southern cultural groups of North America were responsible for the domestication of many common crops now used around the world, such as tomatoes and squash. Perhaps most importantly they domesticated one of the world's major staples, maize (corn).

text: The earliest verifiable instance of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact by any European culture with the landmasses that geologically constitute the "mainland" of modern North America has been dated to the end of the 10th century CE - this site, situated at the northernmost extent of the island named Newfoundland, is known as L'Anse aux Meadows, where unmistakable evidence of Norse settlement was uncovered in the early 1960s.[48]

text: As a result of the development of agriculture in the south, many important cultural advances were made there. For example, the Maya civilization developed a writing system, built huge pyramids and temples, had a complex calendar, and developed the concept of zero around 400 CE, a few hundred years after the Mesopotamians.[49] The Mayan culture was still present in southern Mexico and Guatemala when the Spanish explorers arrived, but political dominance in the area had shifted to the Aztec Empire whose capital city Tenochtitlan was located further north in the Valley of Mexico. The Aztecs were conquered in 1521 by Hernán Cortés.[50]

text: Colonial period

text: During the Age of Discovery, Europeans explored and staked claims to various parts of North America. Upon their arrival in the "New World", the Native American population declined substantially, because of violent conflicts with the invaders and the introduction of European diseases to which the Native Americans lacked immunity.[51] Native culture changed drastically and their affiliation with political and cultural groups also changed. Several linguistic groups died out, and others changed quite quickly. The names and cultures that Europeans recorded were not necessarily the same as the names they had used a few generations before, or the ones in use today.

text: Britain, Spain, and France took over extensive territories in North America - and fought over them. In the late 18th century and beginning of the 19th, independence movements that sprung up across the continent, led to the creation of the modern countries in the area. The 13 British colonies on the North Atlantic coast declared independence in 1776, becoming the United States of America. Canada was formed from the unification of northern territories controlled by Britain and France. New Spain, a territory that stretched from modern-day southern US to Central America, declared independence in 1810, becoming the First Mexican Empire. In 1823 the former Captaincy General of Guatemala, then part of the Mexican Empire, became the first independent state in Central America, officially changing its name to the United Provinces of Central America.

text: Geography

text: North America occupies the northern portion of the landmass generally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, the Americas, or simply America (which, less commonly, is considered by some as a single continent[52][53][54] with North America a subcontinent).[55] North America's only land connection to South America is at the Isthmus of Panama. The continent is delimited on the southeast by most geographers at the Darién watershed along the Colombia-Panama border, placing all of Panama within North America.[56][57][58] Alternatively, some geologists physiographically locate its southern limit at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, with Central America extending southeastward to South America from this point.[59] The Caribbean islands, or West Indies, are considered part of North America.[2] The continental coastline is long and irregular. The Gulf of Mexico is the largest body of water indenting the continent, followed by Hudson Bay. Others include the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Gulf of California.

text: Before the Central American isthmus formed, the region had been underwater. The islands of the West Indies delineate a submerged former land bridge, which had connected North and South America via what are now Florida and Venezuela.

text: There are numerous islands off the continent's coasts; principally, the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, Turks & Caicos, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Aleutian Islands (some of which are in the Eastern Hemisphere proper), the Alexander Archipelago, the many thousand islands of the British Columbia Coast, and Newfoundland. Greenland, a self-governing Danish island, and the world's largest, is on the same tectonic plate (the North American Plate) and is part of North America geographically. In a geologic sense, Bermuda is not part of the Americas, but an oceanic island which was formed on the fissure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge over 100 million years ago. The nearest landmass to it is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. However, Bermuda is often thought of as part of North America, especially given its historical, political and cultural ties to Virginia and other parts of the continent.

text: The vast majority of North America is on the North American Plate. Parts of western Mexico, including Baja California, and of California, including the cities of San Diego, Los Angeles, and Santa Cruz, lie on the eastern edge of the Pacific Plate, with the two plates meeting along the San Andreas fault. The southernmost portion of the continent and much of the West Indies lie on the Caribbean Plate, whereas the Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates border the North American Plate on its western frontier.

text: The continent can be divided into four great regions (each of which contains many subregions): the Great Plains stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian Arctic; the geologically young, mountainous west, including the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, California and Alaska; the raised but relatively flat plateau of the Canadian Shield in the northeast; and the varied eastern region, which includes the Appalachian Mountains, the coastal plain along the Atlantic seaboard, and the Florida peninsula. Mexico, with its long plateaus and cordilleras, falls largely in the western region, although the eastern coastal plain does extend south along the Gulf.

text: The western mountains are split in the middle into the main range of the Rockies and the coast ranges in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, with the Great Basin—a lower area containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts—in between. The highest peak is Denali in Alaska.

text: The United States Geographical Survey (USGS) states that the geographic center of North America is "6 miles [10 km] west of Balta, Pierce County, North Dakota" at about 48°10′N 100°10′W / 48.167°N 100.167°W / 48.167; -100.167, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Rugby, North Dakota. The USGS further states that "No marked or monumented point has been established by any government agency as the geographic center of either the 50 States, the conterminous United States, or the North American continent." Nonetheless, there is a 4.6-metre (15 ft) field stone obelisk in Rugby claiming to mark the center. The North American continental pole of inaccessibility is located 1,650 km (1,030 mi) from the nearest coastline, between Allen and Kyle, South Dakota at 43°22′N 101°58′W / 43.36°N 101.97°W / 43.36; -101.97 (Pole of Inaccessibility North America).[60]

text: Geology

text: Canadian geology

text: Geologically, Canada is one of the oldest regions in the world, with more than half of the region consisting of precambrian rocks that have been above sea level since the beginning of the Palaeozoic era.[61] Canada's mineral resources are diverse and extensive.[61] Across the Canadian Shield and in the north there are large iron, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, and uranium reserves. Large diamond concentrations have been recently developed in the Arctic,[62] making Canada one of the world's largest producers. Throughout the Shield there are many mining towns extracting these minerals. The largest, and best known, is Sudbury, Ontario. Sudbury is an exception to the normal process of forming minerals in the Shield since there is significant evidence that the Sudbury Basin is an ancient meteorite impact crater. The nearby, but less known Temagami Magnetic Anomaly has striking similarities to the Sudbury Basin. Its magnetic anomalies are very similar to the Sudbury Basin, and so it could be a second metal-rich impact crater.[63] The Shield is also covered by vast boreal forests that support an important logging industry.

text: United States geology

text: The lower 48 US states can be divided into roughly five physiographic provinces:

text:
The American cordillera.
The Canadian Shield.[61] Northern portion of the upper midwestern United States.
The stable platform.
The coastal plain.
The Appalachian orogenic belt.

text: The geology of Alaska is typical of that of the cordillera, while the major islands of Hawaii consist of Neogene volcanics erupted over a hot spot.

text: Central American geology

text: Central America is geologically active with volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occurring from time to time. In 1976 Guatemala was hit by a major earthquake, killing 23,000 people; Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, was devastated by earthquakes in 1931 and 1972, the last one killing about 5,000 people; three earthquakes devastated El Salvador, one in 1986 and two in 2001; one earthquake devastated northern and central Costa Rica in 2009, killing at least 34 people; in Honduras a powerful earthquake killed seven people in 2009.

text: Volcanic eruptions are common in the region. In 1968 the Arenal Volcano, in Costa Rica, erupted and killed 87 people. Fertile soils from weathered volcanic lavas have made it possible to sustain dense populations in the agriculturally productive highland areas.

text: Central America has many mountain ranges; the longest are the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, the Cordillera Isabelia, and the Cordillera de Talamanca. Between the mountain ranges lie fertile valleys that are suitable for the people; in fact, most of the population of Honduras, Costa Rica, and Guatemala live in valleys. Valleys are also suitable for the production of coffee, beans, and other crops.

text: Climate

text: North America is a very large continent which surpasses the Arctic Circle, and the Tropic of Cancer. Greenland, along with the Canadian shield, is tundra with average temperatures ranging from between 10 to 20 °C (50 to 68 °F), but central Greenland is composed of a very large ice sheet. This tundra radiates throughout Canada, but its border ends near the Rocky Mountains (but still contains Alaska) and at the end of the Canadian Shield, near the Great Lakes. Climate west of the Cascades is described as being a temperate weather with average precipitation 20 inches (510 mm).[64] Climate in coastal California is described to be Mediterranean, with average temperatures in cities like San Francisco ranging from between 57 to 70 °F (14 to 21 °C) over the course of the year.[65]

text: Stretching from the East Coast to eastern North Dakota, and stretching down to Kansas, is the continental-humid climate featuring hard seasons, with a large amount of annual precipitation, with places like New York City averaging 50 inches (1,300 mm).[66] Starting at the southern border of the continental-humid climate and stretching to the Gulf of Mexico (whilst encompassing the eastern half of Texas) is the subtropical climate. This area has the wettest cities in the contiguous U.S. with annual precipitation reaching 67 inches (1,700 mm) in Mobile, Alabama.[67] Stretching from the borders of the continental humid and subtropical climates, and going west to the Cascades Sierra Nevada, south to the southern tip of durango, north to the border with tundra climate, the steppe/desert climate is the driest climate in the U.S.[68]

text: Ecology

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2015)

text: Notable North American fauna include the bison, black bear, prairie dog, turkey, pronghorn, raccoon, coyote and monarch butterfly.

text: Notable plants that were domesticated in North America include tobacco, maize, squash, tomato, sunflower, blueberry, avocado, cotton, chile pepper and vanilla.

text: Demographics

text: Economically, Canada and the United States are the wealthiest and most developed nations in the continent, followed by Mexico, a newly industrialized country.[69] The countries of Central America and the Caribbean are at various levels of economic and human development. For example, small Caribbean island-nations, such as Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and Antigua and Barbuda, have a higher GDP (PPP) per capita than Mexico due to their smaller populations. Panama and Costa Rica have a significantly higher Human Development Index and GDP than the rest of the Central American nations.[70] Additionally, despite Greenland's vast resources in oil and minerals, much of them remain untapped, and the island is economically dependent on fishing, tourism, and subsidies from Denmark. Nevertheless, the island is highly developed.[71]

text: Demographically, North America is ethnically diverse. Its three main groups are Caucasians, Mestizos and Blacks.[citation needed] There is a significant minority of Indigenous Americans and Asians among other less numerous groups.[citation needed]

text: Languages

text: The dominant languages in North America are English, Spanish, and French. Danish is prevalent in Greenland alongside Greenlandic, and Dutch is spoken side by side local languages in the Dutch Caribbean. The term Anglo-America is used to refer to the anglophone countries of the Americas: namely Canada (where English and French are co-official) and the United States, but also sometimes Belize and parts of the tropics, especially the Commonwealth Caribbean. Latin America refers to the other areas of the Americas (generally south of the United States) where the Romance languages, derived from Latin, of Spanish and Portuguese (but French speaking countries are not usually included) predominate: the other republics of Central America (but not always Belize), part of the Caribbean (not the Dutch-, English-, or French-speaking areas), Mexico, and most of South America (except Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana (France), and the Falkland Islands (UK)).

text: The French language has historically played a significant role in North America and now retains a distinctive presence in some regions. Canada is officially bilingual. French is the official language of the Province of Quebec, where 95% of the people speak it as either their first or second language, and it is co-official with English in the Province of New Brunswick. Other French-speaking locales include the Province of Ontario (the official language is English, but there are an estimated 600,000 Franco-Ontarians), the Province of Manitoba (co-official as de jure with English), the French West Indies and Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, as well as the US state of Louisiana, where French is also an official language. Haiti is included with this group based on historical association but Haitians speak both Creole and French. Similarly, French and French Antillean Creole is spoken in Saint Lucia and the Commonwealth of Dominica alongside English.

text: Religions

text: Christianity is the largest religion in the United States, Canada and Mexico. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey, 77.4% of the population considered themselves Christians.[72] Christianity also is the predominant religion in the 23 dependent territories in North America.[73] The United States has the largest Christian population in the world, with nearly 247 million Christians (70%), although other countries have higher percentages of Christians among their populations.[74] Mexico has the world's second largest number of Catholics, surpassed only by Brazil.[75] A 2015 study estimates about 493,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in North America, most of them belonging to some form of Protestantism.[76]

text: According to the same study religiously unaffiliated (include agnostic and atheist) make up about 17.1% of the population of Canada and the United States.[77] No religion make up about 22.8% of the United States population, and 23.9% of Canada total population.[78]

text: Canada, the United States and Mexico host communities of both Jews (6 million or about 1.8%),[79] Buddhists (3.8 million or 1.1%)[80] and Muslims (3.4 million or 1.0%).[81] The biggest number of Jewish individuals can be found in the United States (5.4 million),[82] Canada (375,000)[83] and Mexico (67,476).[84] The United States host the largest Muslim population in North America with 2.7 million or 0.9%,[85][86] While Canada host about one million Muslim or 3.2% of the population.[87] While in Mexico there were 3,700 Muslims in the country.[88] In 2012, U-T San Diego estimated U.S. practitioners of Buddhism at 1.2 million people, of whom 40% are living in Southern California.[89]

text: The predominant religion in Central America is Christianity (95.6%).[90] Beginning with the Spanish colonization of Central America in the 16th century, Roman Catholicism became the most popular religion in the region until the first half of the 20th century. Since the 1960s, there has been an increase in other Christian groups, particularly Protestantism, as well as other religious organizations, and individuals identifying themselves as having no religion. Also Christianity is the predominant religion in the Caribbean (84.7%).[90] Other religious groups in the region are Hinduism, Islam, Rastafari (in Jamaica), and Afro-American religions such as Santería and Vodou.

text: Populace

text: The most populous country in North America is the United States with 318.4 million persons.[91] The second largest country is Mexico with a population of 112,322,757.[92] Canada is the third most populous country with 32,623,490.[93] The majority of Caribbean island-nations have national populations under a million, though Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico (a territory of the United States), Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago each have populations higher than a million.[94][95][96][97][98] Greenland has a small population of 55,984 for its massive size (2,166,000 km² or 836,300 mi²), and therefore, it has the world's lowest population density at 0.026 pop./km² (0.067 pop./mi²).[99]

text: While the United States, Canada, and Mexico maintain the largest populations, large city populations are not restricted to those nations. There are also large cities in the Caribbean. The largest cities in North America, by far, are Mexico City and New York. These cities are the only cities on the continent to exceed eight million, and two of three in the Americas. Next in size are Los Angeles, Toronto,[100] Chicago, Havana, Santo Domingo, and Montreal. Cities in the sunbelt regions of the United States, such as those in Southern California and Houston, Phoenix, Miami, Atlanta, and Las Vegas, are experiencing rapid growth. These causes included warm temperatures, retirement of Baby Boomers, large industry, and the influx of immigrants. Cities near the United States border, particularly in Mexico, are also experiencing large amounts of growth. Most notable is Tijuana, a city bordering San Diego that receives immigrants from all over Latin America and parts of Europe and Asia. Yet as cities grow in these warmer regions of North America, they are increasingly forced to deal with the major issue of water shortages.[101]

text: Eight of the top ten metropolitan areas are located in the United States. These metropolitan areas all have a population of above 5.5 million and include the New York City metropolitan area, Los Angeles metropolitan area, Chicago metropolitan area, and the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.[102] Whilst the majority of the largest metropolitan areas are within the United States, Mexico is host to the largest metropolitan area by population in North America: Greater Mexico City.[103] Canada also breaks into the top ten largest metropolitan areas with the Toronto metropolitan area having six million people.[104] The proximity of cities to each other on the Canada–United States border and Mexico–United States border has led to the rise of international metropolitan areas. These urban agglomerations are observed at their largest and most productive in Detroit–Windsor and San Diego–Tijuana and experience large commercial, economic, and cultural activity. The metropolitan areas are responsible for millions of dollars of trade dependent on international freight. In Detroit-Windsor the Border Transportation Partnership study in 2004 concluded US$13 billion was dependent on the Detroit–Windsor international border crossing while in San Diego-Tijuana freight at the Otay Mesa Port of Entry was valued at US$20 billion.[105][106]

text: North America has also been witness to the growth of megapolitan areas. In the United States exists eleven megaregions that transcend international borders and comprise Canadian and Mexican metropolitan regions. These are the Arizona Sun Corridor, Cascadia, Florida, Front Range, Great Lakes Megaregion, Gulf Coast Megaregion, Northeast, Northern California, Piedmont Atlantic, Southern California, and the Texas Triangle.[107] Canada and Mexico are also the home of megaregions. These include the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor, Golden Horseshoe – both of which are considered part of the Great Lakes Megaregion – and megalopolis of Central Mexico. Traditionally the largest megaregion has been considered the Boston-Washington, D.C. Corridor, or the Northeast, as the region is one massive contiguous area. Yet megaregion criterion have allowed the Great Lakes Megalopolis to maintain status as the most populated region, being home to 53,768,125 people in 2000.[108]

text: The top ten largest North American metropolitan areas by population as of 2013, based on national census numbers from the United States and census estimates from Canada and Mexico.

text:
Metro Area
Population
Area
Country

Mexico City
21,163,226†
7,346 km2 (2,836 sq mi)
 Mexico

New York City
19,949,502
17,405 km2 (6,720 sq mi)
 United States

Los Angeles
13,131,431
12,562 km2 (4,850 sq mi)
 United States

Chicago
9,537,289
24,814 km2 (9,581 sq mi)
 United States

Dallas–Fort Worth
6,810,913
24,059 km2 (9,289 sq mi)
 United States

Houston
6,313,158
26,061 km2 (10,062 sq mi)
 United States

Toronto
6,054,191†
5,906 km2 (2,280 sq mi)
 Canada

Philadelphia
6,034,678
13,256 km2 (5,118 sq mi)
 United States

Washington, D.C.
5,949,859
14,412 km2 (5,565 sq mi)
 United States

Miami
5,828,191
15,896 km2 (6,137 sq mi)
 United States

text: †2011 Census figures.

text: Economy

text:
Rank
Country
GDP (PPP, Peak Year)
millions of USD
Peak Year

1
 United States
19,417,144
2017

2
 Mexico
2,406,199
2017

3
 Canada
1,752,910
2017

4
 Cuba
254,865
2015

5
 Dominican Republic
174,180
2017

6
 Guatemala
138,987
2017

7
 Puerto Rico
131,640
2015

8
 Panama
100,512
2017

9
 Costa Rica
85,781
2017

10
 El Salvador
57,285
2017

text:
Rank
Country
GDP (nominal, Peak Year)
millions of USD
Peak Year

1
 United States
19,417,144
2017

2
 Canada
1,842,627
2013

3
 Mexico
1,298,404
2014

4
 Puerto Rico
103,135
2015

5
 Cuba
87,133
2015

6
 Dominican Republic
76,850
2017

7
 Guatemala
70,943
2017

8
 Costa Rica
59,796
2017

9
 Panama
59,486
2017

10
 El Salvador
27,548
2017

text: Canada, Mexico, and the United States have significant and multifaceted economic systems. The United States has the largest economy of all three countries and in the world.[109] In 2014, the US had an estimated per capita gross domestic product (PPP) of $54,980, and is the most technologically developed economy of the three.[109] The United States' services sector comprises 76.7% of the country's GDP (estimated in 2010), industry comprises 22.2% and agriculture comprises 1.2%.[109]

text: Canada shows significant growth in the sectors of services, mining and manufacturing.[110] Canada's per capita GDP (PPP) was estimated at $44,656 and it had the 11th largest GDP (nominal) in 2014.[110] Canada's services sector comprises 78% of the country's GDP (estimated in 2010), industry comprises 20% and agriculture comprises 2%.[110] Mexico has a per capita GDP (PPP) of $16,111 and as of 2014 is the 15th largest GDP (nominal) in the world.[111] Being a newly industrialized country,[69] Mexico maintains both modern and outdated industrial and agricultural facilities and operations.[112] Its main sources of income are oil, industrial exports, manufactured goods, electronics, heavy industry, automobiles, construction, food, banking and financial services.[113]

text: The North American economy is well defined and structured in three main economic areas.[114] These areas are the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), and the Central American Common Market (CACM).[114] Of these trade blocs, the United States takes part in two. In addition to the larger trade blocs there is the Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement among numerous other free trade relations, often between the larger, more developed countries and Central American and Caribbean countries.

text: The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) forms one of the four largest trade blocs in the world.[115] Its implementation in 1994 was designed for economic homogenization with hopes of eliminating barriers of trade and foreign investment between Canada, the United States and Mexico.[116] While Canada and the United States already conducted the largest bilateral trade relationship – and to present day still do – in the world and Canada - United States trade relations already allowed trade without national taxes and tariffs,[117] NAFTA allowed Mexico to experience a similar duty-free trade. The free trade agreement allowed for the elimination of tariffs that had previously been in place on United States-Mexico trade. Trade volume has steadily increased annually and in 2010, surface trade between the three NAFTA nations reached an all-time historical increase of 24.3% or US$791 billion.[118] The NAFTA trade bloc GDP (PPP) is the world's largest with US$17.617 trillion.[119] This is in part attributed to the fact that the economy of the United States is the world's largest national economy; the country had a nominal GDP of approximately $14.7 trillion in 2010.[120] The countries of NAFTA are also some of each other's largest trade partners. The United States is the largest trade partner of Canada and Mexico;[121] while Canada and Mexico are each other's third largest trade partners.[122][123]

text: The Caribbean trade bloc – CARICOM – came into agreement in 1973 when it was signed by 15 Caribbean nations. As of 2000, CARICOM trade volume was US$96 billion. CARICOM also allowed for the creation of a common passport for associated nations. In the past decade the trade bloc focused largely on Free Trade Agreements and under the CARICOM Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN) free trade agreements have been signed into effect.

text: Integration of Central American economies occurred under the signing of the Central American Common Market agreement in 1961; this was the first attempt to engage the nations of this area into stronger financial cooperation. Recent implementation of the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) has left the future of the CACM unclear.[124] The Central American Free Trade Agreement was signed by five Central American countries, the Dominican Republic, and the United States. The focal point of CAFTA is to create a free trade area similar to that of NAFTA. In addition to the United States, Canada also has relations in Central American trade blocs. Currently under proposal, the Canada – Central American Free Trade Agreement (CA4) would operate much the same as CAFTA with the United States does.

text: These nations also take part in inter-continental trade blocs. Mexico takes a part in the G3 Free Trade Agreement with Colombia and Venezuela and has a trade agreement with the EU. The United States has proposed and maintained trade agreements under the Transatlantic Free Trade Area between itself and the European Union; the US-Middle East Free Trade Area between numerous Middle Eastern nations and itself; and the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership between Southeast Asian nations, Australia, and New Zealand.

text: Transport

text: The Pan-American Highway route in the Americas is the portion of a network of roads nearly 48,000 km (30,000 mi) in length which travels through the mainland nations. No definitive length of the Pan-American Highway exists because the US and Canadian governments have never officially defined any specific routes as being part of the Pan-American Highway, and Mexico officially has many branches connecting to the US border. However, the total length of the portion from Mexico to the northern extremity of the highway is roughly 26,000 km (16,000 mi).

text: The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States was built in the 1860s, linking the railroad network of the eastern US with California on the Pacific coast. Finished on 10 May 1869 at the famous Golden spike event at Promontory Summit, Utah, it created a nationwide mechanized transportation network that revolutionized the population and economy of the American West, catalyzing the transition from the wagon trains of previous decades to a modern transportation system.[125] Although an accomplishment, it achieved the status of first transcontinental railroad by connecting myriad eastern US railroads to the Pacific and was not the largest single railroad system in the world. The Canadian Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) had, by 1867, already accumulated more than 2,055 km (1,277 mi) of track by connecting Ontario with the Canadian Atlantic provinces west as far as Port Huron, Michigan, through Sarnia, Ontario.

text: Communications

text: A shared telephone system known as the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) which is an integrated telephone numbering plan of 24 countries and territories: the United States and its territories, Canada, Bermuda, and 17 Caribbean nations.

text: Culture

text: Canada and the United States were both former British colonies. There is frequent cultural interplay between the United States and English-speaking Canada. Greenland shares some cultural ties with the indigenous people of Canada but is considered Nordic and has strong Danish ties due to centuries of colonization by Denmark. Spanish-speaking North America shares a common past as former Spanish colonies. In Mexico and the Central American countries where civilizations like the Maya developed, indigenous people preserve traditions across modern boundaries. Central American and Spanish-speaking Caribbean nations have historically had more in common due to geographical proximity.

text: Northern Mexico, particularly in the cities of Monterrey, Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and Mexicali, is strongly influenced by the culture and way of life of the United States. Of the aforementioned cities, Monterrey has been regarded as the most Americanized city in Mexico.[126] Immigration to the United States and Canada remains a significant attribute of many nations close to the southern border of the US. The Anglophone Caribbean states have witnessed the decline of the British Empire and its influence on the region, and its replacement by the economic influence of Northern America. In the Anglophone Caribbean. This is partly due to the relatively small populations of the English-speaking Caribbean countries, and also because many of them now have more people living abroad than those remaining at home. Northern Mexico, the Western United States and Alberta, Canada share a cowboy culture.

text: Sports

text: Canada, Mexico and the US submitted a joint bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The following table shows the most prominent sports leagues in North America, in order of average revenue.[127][128]

text:
League
Sport
Primary
country
Founded
Teams
Revenue
US$ (bn)
Average
Attendance

National Football League
American football
United States
1920
32
$9.0
7004676040000000000♠67,604

Major League Baseball
Baseball
United States
Canada
1869
30
$8.0
7004304580000000000♠30,458

National Basketball Association
Basketball
United States
Canada
1946
30
$5.0
7004173470000000000♠17,347

National Hockey League
Ice hockey
United States
Canada
1917
30
$3.3
7004177200000000000♠17,720

Liga MX
Football (soccer)
Mexico
1943
18
$0.6
7004255570000000000♠25,557

Major League Soccer
Football (soccer)
United States
Canada
1994
20[sn 1]
$0.5
7004215740000000000♠21,574

text: Jump up ^ MLS plans to expand to 21 teams in 2017, and to 24 teams by 2020.


document_title: Culture of New Orleans

question_text: what are the different cultures in new orleans

text: Culture of New Orleans

text: Language[edit]

text:
This article is part of a series on theCulture of the United States of America
Society
History
Language
People
Race and ethnicity
Religion

Arts and literature
Architecture
Art
Dance
Fashion
Literature
Comics
Poetry
Music
Sculpture
Theater

Other
Cuisine
Festivals
Folklore
Media
Newspapers
Radio
Cinema
TV
Internet
Pornography
Mythology
Sport

Symbols
Flag
Great Seal
Monuments
Motto
Anthem
Bird
World Heritage Sites

 United States portalvte

text: American English, with significant variations, is the dominant language in New Orleans. Despite the city's French colonial history, French is rarely used in daily life. However, its expressions and pronunciation have influenced various dialects in New Orleans, and it was still in significant use at the start of the 20th century. There are nine French immersion schools in the Greater New Orleans area and French is still spoken among elites in the city.  The city has a long tradition of Hispanic immigrants dating back to the 18th century. Louisiana French, Spanish and  Vietnamese are also heard in the city; Louisiana French speakers from southeast Louisiana entered the city during the 1970s–1980s oil boom, and a sizable Vietnamese community established itself in the city in the last third of the 20th century.

text: The distinctive local accent is unlike either Creole or the stereotypical Southern accent so often misportrayed by film and television actors. It does, like earlier Southern Englishes, feature frequent deletion of post-vocalic "r".  There are many theories of the origin of the accent, but it likely results from New Orleans' geographic isolation by water, and the fact that New Orleans was a major port of entry into the United States throughout the 19th century [1].  Many of the immigrant groups who reside in Brooklyn also reside in New Orleans, with the largest groups being Irish, Germans, and Italians (with Sicilians predominating in the last group).

text: The prestige associated with being from New Orleans by many residents is likely a factor in the linguistic assimilation of the ethnically divergent population. This distinctive accent is dying out generation by generation in the city (but remains very strong in the surrounding parishes). As with many sociolinguistic artifacts, it is usually attested much more strongly by older members of the population. One subtype of the New Orleans accent is sometimes identified as Yat (from "Where y'at). This word is not used as a generalized term for the New Orleans accent, and is generally reserved for the strongest varieties.

text: New Orleans is usually pronounced by locals as "noo-AW-lyenz", "noo-AW-linz", "noo-OR-linz", or "noo-OR-lyenz".  The tendency among people around the world to say "noo-or-LEENZ" stems from the use of that pronunciation by singers and songwriters, who find it easy to rhyme.[citation needed]  The pronunciation "NAW-linz" is likewise not generally used nor liked by locals but has been popularized by the tourist trade.[6][7][8]

text: Also notable are lexical items specific to the city, such as lagniappe /ˈlɒnjɒp/ meaning "a little something extra," makin' groceries for grocery shopping, or neutral ground for a street median.

text: Music[edit]

text: New Orleans has always been a significant center for music with its intertwined European, Latin American, and African-American cultures. It was the site of the first opera house in the United States.[9]  The city engendered jazz with its brass bands.[10][11] Decades later it was home to a distinctive brand of rhythm and blues that contributed greatly to the growth of rock and roll. In addition, the nearby countryside is the home of Creole music, Zydeco music, Jazz, and Delta blues.

text: Crime[edit]

text: New Orleans has consistently experienced a high homicide rate during the previous two to three decades. Its average annual per-capita homicide rate (59 per 100,000) ranks highest of large cities in the country from 1990–2010 based on Bureau Of Justice Statistics from FBI Uniform Crime Reports. In 1994, 421 people were killed (85.8 per 100,000 people), a homicide rate which has not been matched by any major city to date.[12] The homicide rate rose and fell year to year throughout the late 1990s, but the overall trend from 1994 to 1999 was a steady reduction in homicides.

text: Beginning in 2000, the homicide rate again increased. New Orleans had the highest homicide rate of any major American city in 2000 (42.1 per 100,000 people) 2001 (44.0 per 100,000) 2002 (53.1 per 100,000) 2003 (57.7 per 100,000) 2004 (56.0 per 100,000) In 2005, there were 202 murders after 8 months a rate of 47 per 100,000, which was still a higher rate than any other major city's 12 month rate, but was not official because there was still 1 month left until the end of 3rd quarter crime data was to be released.In 2006,(70 per 100,000) 2007 (81 per 100,000) 2008 (64 per 100,000) 2009 (52 per 100,000) 2010 (51 per 100,000) and 2011 (58 per 100,000) it was more of the same as the previous years with New Orleans posting the highest per capta homicide rate of any major American city, or 12 years in a row annually until 2012,when the rate (53 per 100,000) was the 2nd highest among major U.S. cities. In 2004,2006,2007,2008,2009, and 2011 New Orleans' per capita homicide rate led cities with populations of 100,000 or more residents, which made it the nation's murder capital of the above-mentioned years with annual per capita homicide rates that were at least ten times the U.S. average in each of those years, according to Bureau of Justice Statistics from FBI Uniform Crime Reports, NOLA.com, and criminologist Dr.Peter Scharf {[13]

text: After Hurricane Katrina (2005), news media attention focused on the reduced violent-crime rate following the exodus of many New Orleanians. That trend began to reverse itself as people returned to the city, although calculating the homicide rate remained difficult when no authoritative source could cite a total population figure.[14]

text: In 2003, most victims in New Orleans were killed within three months of their last arrest.[15] The homicide rate for the New Orleans metropolitan statistical area, which includes the suburbs, was 24.4 per 100,000 in 2002.[16]

text: News & entertainment media[edit]

text: The major newspaper is The Times-Picayune, publishing since 1837. It publishes six days a week and delivers to homes three days a week. The New Orleans Advocate, an edition of The Advocate of Baton Rouge, publishes and delivers to homes in the New Orleans area daily. Alternative weekly publications include The Louisiana Weekly and Gambit Weekly.[17]

text: Greater New Orleans is well served by television and radio. The market is the 51st largest Designated Market Area (DMA) in the U.S., serving 633,140 homes and 0.559% of the U.S. Major television network affiliates serving the area include WWL 4 (CBS), WGNO 26 (ABC), WDSU 6 (NBC), WVUE 8 (FOX), WNOL 38 (WB), WUPL 54 (UPN), and WPXL 49 (ION). PBS stations include WYES 12 and WLAE 32. WHNO 20 also operates as an independent station in the area, providing mainly religious programming.

text: Radio stations serving Greater New Orleans include:

text:
Jazz: WWNO-FM (88.9), WWOZ-FM (90.7), WTUL-FM (91.5)
Classical: WWNO-FM (89.9)
Country: WNOE-FM (101.1)
Contemporary: KLRZ-FM (100.3), WLMG-FM (101.9), WDVW-FM (92.3)
Gospel/Christian: KHEV-FM (104.1), WYLD-AM (940), WBSN-FM (89.1), WLNO-AM (1060), WSHO-FM (800), WOPR-FM (94.9), WVOG-AM (600)
Latino: KGLA-AM (1540), WFNO-FM (830)
Oldies: WTIX-FM (94.3), WJSH-FM (104.7), WMTI-FM (106.1)
Public: WRBH-FM (88.3), WWNO-FM (89.9)
Rock: KKND-FM (106.7), WRNO-FM (99.5), WEZB-FM (97.1), WKBU-FM (95.7)
Sports: WODT-AM (1280)
Talk: WWL-AM (870), WWL-FM (105.3), WSMB-AM (1350), WIST-AM (690)
Urban/Urban Contemporary: KKND-FM (102.9),KNOU-FM (104.5), WQUE-FM (93.3), WYLD-FM (98.5)

tag: ul

text: Museums and other attractions[edit]

text: Greater New Orleans has many visitor attractions, including Uptown's St. Charles Avenue, home of Tulane University, Loyola University, many stately 19th-century mansions, and the St. Charles Streetcar Line.

text: The French Quarter (known locally as "the Quarter"), which dates from the French and Spanish eras, is probably the main tourist destination. The neighborhood contains many hotels, restaurants, and bars, most notably around Bourbon Street. Other attractions in the quarter include Jackson Square, St. Louis Cathedral, the French Market (including the Café du Monde, famous for café au lait and beignets), and Preservation Hall.

text: Also located near the French Quarter is the old New Orleans Mint, formerly a branch of the United States Mint (and the only mint of the Confederacy), which now operates as a museum. The National WWII Museum is relatively new, having opened in 2000 as the National D-Day Museum. The Natchez is an authentic steamboat with a calliope, which cruises the Mississippi River twice daily.

text: There are several locations of the Louisiana State Museum in the city, as well as the National Park Service's Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, a multi-site development. The city has a number of additional historical museums and house museums, such as the Historic New Orleans Collection, the Hermann-Grima House, Gallier House, a pharmacy museum, and the nation's second-largest (after Richmond, Virginia) Confederate museum, Confederate Memorial Hall.

text: Art museums in the city include the New Orleans Museum of Art (NOMA) in City Park and the Ogden Museum of Southern Art. Audubon Park and the Audubon Zoo are also located in the city of New Orleans, as is the Aquarium of the Americas. New Orleans is noted for its historic cemeteries. Two of the oldest and largest cemeteries are Saint Louis Cemetery and Metairie Cemetery.

text: Significant gardens include Longue Vue House and Gardens and the New Orleans Botanical Garden.

text: Annual cultural events and fairs[edit]

text: Greater New Orleans is home to numerous annual celebrations, including Mardi Gras, New Year's Eve celebrations, and the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. New Orleans' most famous celebration is its Carnival Season. The Carnival season is often known (especially by out-of-towners) by the name of the last and biggest day, Mardi Gras (literally, "Fat Tuesday"), held just before the beginning of the Catholic liturgical season of Lent. Mardi Gras celebrations include parades and floats; participants toss strings of cheap colorful beads and doubloons to the crowds. The Mardi Gras season is kicked off with the only parade allowed through the French Quarter (Vieux Carré, translated Old Square), a walking parade aptly named Krewe du Vieux.

text: The largest of the city's many musical festivals is the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. Commonly referred to simply as, "Jazz Fest", it is one of the largest music festivals in the nation, and features crowds coming from all over the world to experience music, food, arts, and crafts. Despite the name, it features not only jazz but a large variety of music, including both native Louisiana music and nationally-known popular music artists.

text: Southern Decadence is a New Orleans-style celebration of the gay community. It is a six-day event that attracts over 160,000 locals and visitors.  The annual event began in 1972 to empower the gay community of South Louisiana and has grown to be one of the largest gay events in the nation.[18]

text: Sports and recreation[edit]

text:
Club

Sport

Founded

League

Venue

New Orleans Saints

Football

1967

NFL:NFC

Mercedes-Benz Superdome

New Orleans Pelicans

Basketball

1988 (as Charlotte Hornets)

NBA: Western Conference

New Orleans Arena

New Orleans Baby Cakes

Baseball

1902

Pacific Coast League

Zephyr Field

text: The city also hosts two college football bowl games annually: the New Orleans Bowl and the Sugar Bowl. The city also holds the Bayou Classic, which is an annual college football game between Grambling State University and Southern University. Nine Super Bowls have been contested in New Orleans.

text: Historically, many teams have been formerly located in the city, including the New Orleans Pelicans baseball team (1887–1959), the New Orleans Breakers of the United States Football League, the New Orleans Night of the Arena Football League (1991–1992), and the New Orleans Brass ice hockey team (1997–2003). Former basketball teams were the New Orleans Buccaneers (c. 1967–1970), and the New Orleans Jazz (1974–1980) which became the Utah Jazz.

text: New Orleans is also home to Southern Yacht Club, located at West End on the shore of Lake Pontchartrain. Established in 1849, it is the second oldest yacht club in the United States. The building was severely damaged, first by storm surge and then by fire, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

text: Replicas of New Orleans[edit]

text: New Orleans Square, a replica of the French Quarter, was built in Disneyland in 1966, with buildings and landscaping meant to evoke 19th-century New Orleans. When it opened, Walt Disney had then-New Orleans mayor Victor H. Schiro made honorary mayor of New Orleans Square.  Schiro, in turn, made Disney an honorary citizen of the real New Orleans.[19]

text: Movie sets have been built in different parts of the world purporting to resemble the French Quarter or other parts of New Orleans.[citation needed]

text: Food in New Orleans[edit]

text: New Orleans is world-famous for its food. The indigenous cuisine is distinctive and influential. From centuries of amalgamation of local Creole, haute Creole, Cajun, and New Orleans French cuisines, New Orleans food has developed. Local ingredients combined with French, Spanish, Italian, African, Native American, and a hint of Cuban food traditions combine to produce a truly unique and easily recognizable Louisiana flavor.

text: Unique specialties include beignets, square-shaped fried pastries that could be called "French doughnuts" (served with coffee and chicory, known as café au lait); po' boy and Italian muffuletta sandwiches; Gulf oysters on the half-shell, boiled crawfish, and other seafood; étouffée, jambalaya, gumbo, and other Creole dishes; and the Monday favorite of red beans and rice (Louis Armstrong often signed his letters, "Red beans and ricely yours"). New Orleans residents enjoy some of the best restaurants in the United States that cater specifically to locals, and visitors are encouraged to try the local establishments recommended by their hosts.


document_title: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

question_text: who score the most goal in world cup

question_tokens: who score the most goal in world cup

text: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

text: Overall top goalscorers[edit]

text:
Players with at least 5 goals at the FIFA World Cup tournaments[6]
[7]

Rank

Player[nb 1]

Team

Goalsscored

Matchesplayed

Goalsper game[nb 2]

Tournaments[nb 3]

Notes

1

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

16

24

0.67

2002, 2006, 2010, 2014

list[8]

2

Ronaldo

 Brazil

15

19

0.79

[1994], 1998, 2002, 2006

list[9]

3

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

14

13

1.08

1970, 1974

list[10]

4

Just Fontaine

 France

13

6

2.17

1958

list[11]

5

Pelé

 Brazil

12

14

0.86

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

list[12]

6

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

11

5

2.20

1954

list[13]

Jürgen Klinsmann

 West Germany Germany

17

0.65

19901994, 1998

list[14]

8

Helmut Rahn

 West Germany

10

10

1.00

1954, 1958

list[15]

Gary Lineker

 England

12

0.83

1986, 1990

list[16]

Gabriel Batistuta

 Argentina

12

0.83

1994, 1998, 2002

list[17]

Teófilo Cubillas

 Peru

13

0.77

1970, 1978, (1982)

list[18]

Thomas Müller

 Germany

16

0.53

2010, 2014, (2018)

list[19]

Grzegorz Lato

 Poland

20

0.50

1974, 1978, 1982

list[20]

14

Eusébio

 Portugal

9

6

1.50

1966

list[21]

Christian Vieri

 Italy

9

1.00

1998, 2002

list[22]

Vavá

 Brazil

10

0.90

1958, 1962

[23]

David Villa

 Spain

12

0.75

2006, 2010, 2014

list[24]

Paolo Rossi

 Italy

14

0.64

1978, 1982, [1986]

list[25]

Jairzinho

 Brazil

16

0.56

(1966), 1970, 1974

list[26]

Roberto Baggio

 Italy

16

0.56

1990, 1994, 1998

list[27]

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

 West Germany

19

0.47

1978, 1982, 1986

list[28]

Uwe Seeler

 West Germany

21

0.43

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

[29]

23

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

2.00

1930

[30]

Leônidas

 Brazil

5

1.60

1934, 1938

[nb 4][32]

Ademir

 Brazil

6

1.33

1950

[nb 5][35]

Óscar Míguez

 Uruguay

7

1.14

1950, 1954

[36]

Rivaldo

 Brazil

14

0.57

1998, 2002

[37]

Rudi Völler

 West Germany Germany

15

0.53

1986, 19901994

[38]

Diego Maradona

 Argentina

21

0.38

1982, 1986, (1990), 1994

[39]

30

Oldřich Nejedlý

 Czechoslovakia

7

6

1.17

1934, 1938

[nb 6][40]

Lajos Tichy

 Hungary

8

0.88

1958, 1962, [1966]

list[41]

Careca

 Brazil

9

0.78

1986, 1990

[42]

Johnny Rep

 Netherlands

13

0.54

1974, 1978

[43]

Andrzej Szarmach

 Poland

13

0.54

1974, 1978, 1982

[44]

Luis Suárez

 Uruguay

13

0.54

2010, 2014, 2018

list[45]

Hans Schäfer

 West Germany

15

0.47

1954, 1958, (1962)

[46]

Cristiano Ronaldo

 Portugal

17

0.41

2006, 2010, 2014, 2018

list[47]

38

Josef Hügi

  Switzerland

6

3

2.00

1954

[48]

Oleg Salenko

 Russia

3

2.00

1994

[49]

György Sárosi

 Hungary

5

1.20

1934, 1938

[50]

Max Morlock

 West Germany

5

1.20

1954

[51]

Erich Probst

 Austria

5

1.20

1954

[52]

Harry Kane

 England

6

1.00

2018

[53]

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

7

0.86

1990

[54]

Davor Šuker

 Yugoslavia Croatia

8

0.75

[1990],1998, (2002)

[nb 7][55]

James Rodríguez

 Colombia

8

0.75

2014, (2018)

[56]

Helmut Haller

 West Germany

9

0.67

(1962), 1966, (1970)

[57]

Hristo Stoichkov

 Bulgaria

10

0.60

1994, (1998)

[58]

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

10

0.60

2002, 2010, (2014)

[59]

Neymar

 Brazil

10

0.60

2014, 2018

[60]

Asamoah Gyan

 Ghana

11

0.55

2006, 2010, 2014

[61]

Dennis Bergkamp

 Netherlands

12

0.50

1994, 1998

[62]

Rob Rensenbrink

 Netherlands

13

0.46

1974, 1978

[63]

Rivellino

 Brazil

15

0.40

1970, 1974, (1978)

[64]

Bebeto

 Brazil

15

0.40

(1990), 1994, 1998

[65]

Arjen Robben

 Netherlands

15

0.40

2006, 2010, 2014

[66]

Zbigniew Boniek

 Poland

16

0.38

1978, 1982, (1986)

[67]

Thierry Henry

 France

17

0.35

1998, (2002), 2006, (2010)

[68]

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

17

0.35

(2006), 2010, 2014

[69]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands

17

0.35

2006, 2010, 2014

[70]

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

18

0.33

(1974), 1978, (1982)

[71]

Lionel Messi

 Argentina

19

0.32

2006, (2010), 2014, 2018

[72]

Lothar Matthäus

 West Germany Germany

25

0.24

(1982), 1986, 1990, 1994, (1998)

[73]

64

Pedro Cea

 Uruguay

5

4

1.25

1930

[74]

Silvio Piola

 Italy

4

1.25

1938

[75]

Gyula Zsengellér

 Hungary

4

1.25

1938

[76]

Peter McParland

 Northern Ireland

5

1.00

1958

[77]

Tomáš Skuhravý

 Czechoslovakia

5

1.00

1990

[78]

Juan Alberto Schiaffino

 Uruguay

6

0.83

1950, 1954

[79]

Geoff Hurst

 England

6

0.83

1966, 1970

[80]

Jon Dahl Tomasson

 Denmark

6

0.83

2002, 2010

[81]

Alessandro Altobelli

 Italy

7

0.71

1982, 1986

[82]

Kennet Andersson

 Sweden

7

0.71

1994

[83]

Fernando Morientes

 Spain

7

0.71

1998, 2002

[84]

Romário

 Brazil

8

0.63

(1990), 1994

[85]

Marc Wilmots

 Belgium

8

0.63

[1990], (1994), 1998, 2002

[86]

Mario Mandžukić

 Croatia

8

0.63

2014, 2018

[87]

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

9

0.56

1958, 1962

[88]

Emilio Butragueño

 Spain

9

0.56

1986, (1990)

[89]

Roger Milla

 Cameroon

9

0.56

(1982), 1990, 1994

[90]

Tim Cahill

 Australia

9

0.56

2006, 2010, 2014, (2018)

[91]

Hans Krankl

 Austria

10

0.50

1978, 1982

[92]

Romelu Lukaku

 Belgium

10

0.50

2014, 2018

[93]

Ivan Perišić

 Croatia

10

0.50

2014, 2018

[94]

Raúl

 Spain

11

0.45

1998, 2002, 2006

[95]

Garrincha

 Brazil

12

0.42

(1958), 1962, 1966

[96]

Johan Neeskens

 Netherlands

12

0.42

1974, (1978)

[97]

Fernando Hierro

 Spain

12

0.42

[1990], 1994, 1998, 2002

[98]

Zinedine Zidane

 France

12

0.42

1998, (2002), 2006

[99]

Landon Donovan

 United States

12

0.42

2002, (2006), 2010

[100]

Henrik Larsson

 Sweden

13

0.38

1994, 2002, 2006

[101]

Michel Platini

 France

14

0.36

1978, 1982, 1986

[102]

Zico

 Brazil

14

0.36

1978, 1982, (1986)

[103]

Gonzalo Higuaín

 Argentina

14

0.36

2010, 2014, (2018)

[104]

Edinson Cavani

 Uruguay

14

0.36

2010, 2014, 2018

[105]

Lukas Podolski

 Germany

15

0.33

2006, 2010, (2014)

[106]

Franz Beckenbauer

 West Germany

18

0.28

1966, 1970, (1974)

[107]

text: Timeline[edit]

text:
Progressive list of footballers that have held the record for most goals scored at the FIFA World Cup final tournaments

Goals

Date

Player

Team

Match

Opponent

Previous goals

Ref

1

July 13, 1930

Lucien Laurent

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

N/A

[nb 8]

Bart McGhee

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Marcel Langiller

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

Tom Florie

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 Belgium

Juan Carreño

 Mexico

 1930 – Group stage

 France

2

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

July 16, 1930

Carlos Vidal

 Chile

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

[110]

July 17, 1930

Ivan Bek

 Yugoslavia

 1930 – Group stage

 Bolivia

1930 vs Brazil

[111]

3

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Paraguay

1930 vs Belgium, Paraguay

[112]

4

July 22, 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

 1930 – Group stage

 Chile

1930 vs Mexico (3)

[113]

5

6

July 26, 1930

 1930 – Semi-final

 United States

7

8

July 30, 1930

 1930 – Final

 Uruguay

June 19, 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

 1938 – 3rd place

 Sweden

1934 vs Spain1938 vs Poland (3), Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Sweden (2)

[114]

July 13, 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

 1950 – Final round

 Spain

1950 vs Mexico (2), Yugoslavia, Sweden (3), Spain

[35]

June 27, 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

 1954 – Quarter-final

 Brazil

1954 vs South Korea (3), Germany (4)

[115]

9

10

June 30, 1954

 1954 – Semi-final

 Uruguay

11

June 28, 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

 1958 – 3rd place

 West Germany

1958 vs Paraguay (3), Yugoslavia (2), Scotland, Northern Ireland (2), Brazil, West Germany

[116]

12

13

July 3, 1974

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

 1974 – Second round

 Poland

1970 vs Morocco, Bulgaria (3), Peru (3), England, Italy (2) 1974 vs Australia, Yugoslavia

[10]

14

July 7, 1974

 1974 – Final

 Netherlands

June 22, 2006

Ronaldo

 Brazil

 2006 – Group stage

 Japan

1998 vs Morocco, Chile (2), Netherlands  2002 vs Turkey, China, Costa Rica (2), Belgium, Turkey, Germany (2)  2006 vs Japan

[117]

15

June 27, 2006

 2006 – Round of 16

 Ghana

June 21, 2014

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

 2014 – Group stage

 Ghana

2002 vs Saudi Arabia (3), Ireland, Cameroon  2006 vs Costa Rica (2), Ecuador (2), Argentina  2010 vs Australia, England, Argentina (2)

[118]

16

July 8, 2014

 2014 – Semi-final

 Brazil

text: Top goalscorers for each tournament[edit]

text:
Top goalscorers at each FIFA World Cup final tournament[119]

World Cup

Player

Team

Goals scored

Matches played

Golden Boot

Other FIFA Awards

 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

 1934

Oldřich Nejedlý

 Czechoslovakia

5

4

 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

7

5

 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

8

6

 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

11

5

 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

13

6

 1962

Garrincha

 Brazil

4

6

Vavá

 Brazil

6

Leonel Sánchez

 Chile

6

Flórián Albert

 Hungary

4

Best Young Player

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

4

Dražan Jerković

 Yugoslavia

6

 1966

Eusébio

 Portugal

9

6

 1970

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

10

6

Best Young Player

 1974

Grzegorz Lato

 Poland

7

7

 1978

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

6

7

Golden Ball

 1982

Paolo Rossi

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 1986

Gary Lineker

 England

6

5

 1990

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 1994

Hristo Stoichkov

 Bulgaria

6

7

Bronze Ball

Oleg Salenko

 Russia

3

 1998

Davor Šuker

 Croatia

6

7

Silver Ball

 2002

Ronaldo

 Brazil

8

7

Silver Ball

 2006

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

5

7

 2010

Thomas Müller

 Germany

5

6

Best Young Player

David Villa

 Spain

7

Silver Boot, Bronze Ball

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

7

Bronze Boot, Silver Ball

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

7

Golden Ball

 2014

James Rodríguez

 Colombia

6

5

 2018

Harry Kane

 England

6

6