question_text: who won the ncaa football national championship last year

text: College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS

text: History[edit]

text: The concept of a national championship in college football dates to the early years of the sport in the late 19th century,[8] and the earliest contemporaneous polls can be traced to Caspar Whitney, Charles Patterson, and The Sun in 1901.[9] Therefore, the concept of polls and national champions predated mathematical ranking systems, but it was Frank Dickinson's math system that was one of the first to be widely popularized. His system named 10–0 Stanford the national champion of 1926, prior to their tie with Alabama in the Rose Bowl. A curious Knute Rockne, then coach of Notre Dame, had Dickinson backdate two seasons, which produced Notre Dame as the 1924 national champion and Dartmouth in 1925.[10]

text: A number of other mathematical systems were born in the 1920s and 1930s and were the only organized methods selecting national champions until the Associated Press began polling sportswriters in 1936 to obtain rankings. Alan J. Gould, the creator of the AP Poll, named Minnesota, Princeton, and SMU co-champions in 1935, and polled writers the following year, which resulted in a national championship for Minnesota.[10] The AP's main competition, United Press, created the first poll of coaches in 1950. For that year and the next three, the AP and UP agreed on the national champion. The first "split" championship occurred in 1954, when the writers selected Ohio State and the coaches chose UCLA.[10] The two polls also disagreed in 1957, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1990, 1991, 1997, and 2003. The Coaches' Poll would stay with United Press (UP) when they merged with International News Service (INS) to form United Press International (UPI) but was acquired by USA Today and CNN in 1991. The poll was in the hands of USA Today and ESPN from 1997 to 2005 before moving to sole ownership by USA Today. Beginning in 2014, Amway became a joint sponsor with USA Today.[11]

text: Though some of the math systems selected champions after the bowl games, both of the major polls released their rankings after the end of the regular season until the AP polled writers after the bowls in 1965, resulting in what was perceived at the time as a better championship selection (Alabama) than UPI's (Michigan State).[10] After 1965, the AP again voted before the bowls for two years, before permanently returning to a post-bowl vote in 1968. The coaches did not conduct a vote after the bowls until 1974, in the wake of awarding their 1973 championship to Alabama, who lost to the AP champion, undefeated Notre Dame, in the Sugar Bowl.[10] The AP and Coaches' polls remain the major rankings to this day.

text: The Bowl Championship Series, famous for its use of math, was the successor of the Bowl Alliance (1995–1997), which was itself the successor of the Bowl Coalition (1992–1994).[12] Besides the many adjustments it underwent during its tenure, including a large overhaul following the 2004 season that included the replacement of the AP Poll with the Harris poll, the BCS remained a mixture of math and human polls since its inception in 1998, with the goal of matching the best two teams in the nation in a national championship bowl game which rotated yearly between the Sugar, Fiesta, Rose, and Orange Bowls from 1998 to 2005, and later a standalone game titled the BCS National Championship Game (2006 to 2013).[10] The winner of the BCS Championship Game was awarded the national championship of the Coaches' Poll thus winning the AFCA National Championship Trophy. The BCS winner also received the MacArthur Bowl from the National Football Foundation.[13] Neither the AP Poll, nor other current selectors, had contractual obligations to select the BCS champion as their national champion.[14] The BCS resulted in a number of controversies, most notably after the 2003 season, when the BCS championship game did not include eventual AP champion USC, the only time the two championships have diverged since the advent of the BCS. After many seasons of controversy, the BCS was replaced with the College Football Playoff, a Plus-One system aimed at reducing the controversy involved in which teams get to play in a championship game through use of a tournament.

text: National championships in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision records[edit]

text: The NCAA maintains an official records book of historical statistics and records for football. In the records book, with consultation from various college football historians, it has created and maintains a list of "major selectors" of national championships throughout the history of college football along with their championship picks for each season.[6]:107–116

text: Major selectors[edit]

text: A variety of selectors have named national champions throughout the years. They generally can be divided into four categories: those determined by mathematical formula, human polls, historical research, and recently, playoffs. The selectors below are listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records as having been deemed to be "major selectors" for which the criteria is that the poll or selector be "national in scope either through distribution in newspaper, television, radio and/or computer online".[6]:107–109 The former selectors, deemed instrumental in the sport of college football, and selectors that were included for the calculation of the BCS standing, are listed together.[6]:107–116,119

text: Math[edit]

text: The mathematical system is the oldest systematic selector of college football national champions. Many of the math selectors were created during the "championship rush" of the 1920s and 1930s, beginning with Frank Dickinson's system, or during the dawn of the computer age in the 1990s. Selectors are listed below with years selected retroactively in italics.

text:
Selector
Name
Seasons

A&H
Anderson & Hester
1997–present

AS
Alderson System
1994–1998

B(QPRS)
Berryman (QPRS)
1920–1989, 1990–2011

BR
Billingsley Reporta
1869–1870, 1872–1969, 1970–present

BS
Boand System
1919–1929, 1930–1960

CCR
Congrove Computer Rankings
1993–present

CM
Colley Matrix
2001–present

CW
Caspar Whitney
1905–1907

DeS
DeVold System
1939–1944, 1945–2006

DiS
Dickinson System
1924–1925, 1926–1940

DuS
Dunkel System
1929–present

ERS
Eck Ratings System
1987–2005

HS
Houlgate System
1885, 1887–1905, 1907–1926, 1927–1949

L
Litkenhous
1934–1972, 1974, 1978, 1981–1984

MCFR
Massey College Football Ratings
1995–present

MGR
Matthews Grid Ratings
1966–1972, 1974–2006

NYT
New York Times
1979–2004

PS
Poling System
1924–1934, 1935–1955, 1957–1984

R(FACT)
Rothman (FACT)
1968–2006

SR
Sagarin Ratings
1919–1977, 1978–present

W
Wolfe
2001–2015

WS
Williamson System
1931, 1932–1963

text: aThe Billingsley Report also provides an alternate selection that uses margin-of-victory in its calculation. The NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records book notes both selections in years where they disagree.[6]:107–116

text: Poll[edit]

text: The poll has been the dominant national champion selector since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936. It is notable that the NFF merged its poll with UPI from 1991 to 1992, with USA Today from 1993 to 1996, and with the FWAA from 2014 forward. Selectors are listed below with years selected retroactively in italics.

text: For many years, the national champion of various polls were selected prior to the bowl games. The national champion was selected before bowl games as follows: AP (1936–1964 and 1966–1967), Coaches' Poll (1950–1973), FWAA (1954), and NFF (1959–1970). In all other latter-day polls, champions were selected after bowl games.[6]:107–119

text: During the BCS era, the winner of the BCS Championship Game was automatically awarded the national championship of the Coaches' Poll and the National Football Foundation.

text:
Selector
Name
Seasons

AP
Associated Press
1936–present

Coaches'
  BRC
  UP
  UPI
  USAT/CNN
  USAT/ESPN
  USAT
  USAT/AMWAY
American Football Coaches Association
  AFCA Blue Ribbon Commission
  United Press
  United Press International
  USA Today/CNN
  USA Today/ESPN
  USA Today
  USA Today/Amway
1922–present
  1922–1949a
  1950–1957
  1958–1990b
  1991–1996b c
  1997–2004
  2005–2013b
  2014–present

CFRA
College Football Researchers Association
1919–1935, 1936–1981, 1982–1992, 2010–present

FN
Football News
1958–2002

FWAA
Football Writers Association of America
1954–2013c

FWAA/NFF
FWAA-NFF Grantland Rice Super 16
2014–presentc

HAF
Helms Athletic Foundation
1883–1935, 1936–1940, 1941–1982

INS
International News Service
1952–1957

NCF
National Championship Foundation
1869–1870, 1872–1935, 1936–1979, 1980–2000

NFF
National Football Foundation
1959–1990, 1997–2013c d e

SN
Sporting News
1975–2006

UPI
United Press International
1993–1995f

UPI/NFF
United Press International/National Football Foundation
1991–1992e

USAT
USA Today
1982g

USAT/CNN
USA Today/CNN
1983–1990g

USAT/NFF
USA Today/National Football Foundation
1993–1996d

text: aAt the request of several schools, the AFCA established a "Blue Ribbon Commission" in 2016 to begin retroactively selecting Coaches' Trophy winners from 1922 through 1949.[15]

text: bServed as the Coaches' Poll during the designated years, but also conducted their own poll at different times.

text: cThe Football Writers Association of America merged its poll with that of the National Football Foundation members beginning in 2014; as a result, the Grantland Trophy was retired and the FWAA/NFF national champion now receives the MacArthur Bowl.[6]:116

text: dUSA Today took over, from the UPI, the poll of the National Football Foundation's members in 1993, and its winner was designated by the NFF as its national champion and received the MacArthur Bowl. The poll was conducted by USA Today through the 1996 season, although national championship selections in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records do not distinguish the NFF from the USAT/NFF poll in 1995 and 1996. Not to be confused with the USA Today/CNN Coaches' Poll, which USA Today conducted separately.

text: eUPI conducted the Coaches' Poll through the 1990 season, which was subsequently taken over by CNN/USA Today. UPI then conducted a poll of National Football Foundation members in 1991 and 1992, the winner of which was designated by the NFF as its national champion and received the MacArthur Bowl.

text: fUPI conducted its own poll from 1993 to 1995, after the National Football Foundation Poll was taken over by USA Today.

text: gUSA Today conducted its own poll of college football sportswriters in 1982, then joined with CNN to do their own joint poll until they took over the Coaches' Poll starting with the 1991 season.

text: Research[edit]

text: College football historian Parke H. Davis is the only selector considered by the NCAA to have primarily used research in his selections.[6]:107–109 Davis did all of his work in 1933, naming retroactive national champions for most of the years from 1869 to 1932 while naming Michigan and Princeton (his alma mater) co-champions at the end of the 1933 season.

text:
Selector
Name
Seasons

PD
Parke H. Davis
1869–1870, 1872–1909, 1911–1916, 1919–1932, 1933

text: Hybrid[edit]

text: The Bowl Championship Series used a mathematical system that combined polls (Coaches' and AP/Harris) and multiple computer rankings (including some individual selectors listed above) to determine a season ending matchup between its top two ranked teams in the BCS Championship Game. The champion of that game was contractually awarded the Coaches' Poll and National Football Foundation championships.

text:
Selector
Name
Seasons

BCS
Bowl Championship Series
1998–2013

text: Playoff[edit]

text: Unlike all selectors prior to 2014, the College Football Playoff does not use math, polls or research to select the participants. Rather, a 13-member committee selects and seeds the teams.[16] The playoff system marked the first time the top-level NCAA football championship was determined by a bracket competition.

text:
Selector
Name
Seasons

CFP
College Football Playoff
2014–present

text: Yearly national championship selections from major selectors[edit]

text: Below is a list of the national champions of college football from 1869 to present (with the exception of 1871, in which no games were played) deemed to be chosen by "major selectors" as listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records.[6]:107–109 Many teams did not have coaches as late as 1899. "Consensus" selectors in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records correspond to the period from 1950 to present which began with the introduction of the two poll system upon the appearance of the Coaches Poll in 1950. Selectors used to determine teams listed as "Consensus National Champions" in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records include the AP Poll, Coaches' Poll, Football Writers Association of America, and the National Football Foundation/College Football Hall of Fame.[6]:119

text: The first contemporaneous poll to include teams across the country and selection of a national champions can be traced to Caspar Whitney in 1901.[9] The last retroactive selection was made by Clyde Berryman in 1989 (Notre Dame). The tie was removed from college football in 1995 and the last consensus champion with a tie in its record was Georgia Tech in 1990. The 1947 Michigan Wolverines are often credited with a national championship on the basis of a "free poll" conducted by an AP sportswriter after the 1948 Rose Bowl, though that poll was unofficial and it is not recognized in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records.[6]:107–109

text: Note that the Harris Interactive Poll (2005–2013) was contracted by the BCS to help formulate its standings, and although its final ranking which occurs prior to the bowl games is listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, it does not conduct a final poll or award or name a national champion on its own.[17]

text: As designated by the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, the table below shows:

text:
Teams listed in italics indicate retroactively-applied championships.
Teams listed in bold reflect the NCAA's designation as "Consensus National Champions" by virtue of their selection from 1950 onward by one or more selectors from Associated Press, United Press/UPI, Football Writers Association of America, NFF/College Football Hall of Fame, and USA Today.

text: A letter next to any season, team, record, coach or selector indicates a footnote that appears at the bottom of the table.

text:
Season
Champion(s)
Record
Coach
Selector(s)

1869
Princeton
1–1

BR, NCF, PD

Rutgers
1–1

PD

1870
Princeton
1–0

BR, NCF, PD

1871
None
No games played

1872
Princeton
1–0

BR, NCF, PD

Yale
1–0

PD

1873
Princeton
2–0

BR, NCF, PD

1874
Harvard
1–1

PD

Princeton
2–0

BR, PD

Yale
3–0

NCF, PD

1875
Columbia
3–1–1

PD

Harvard
4–0

NCF, PD

Princeton
2–0

BR, PD

1876
Yale
3–0

BR, NCF, PD

1877
Princeton
2–0–1

BR, PD

Yale
3–0–1

NCF, PD

1878
Princeton
6–0

BR, NCF, PD

1879
Princeton
4–0–1

BR, NCF, PD

Yale
3–0–2

PD

1880
Princeton
4–0–1

NCF, PD

Yale
4–0–1

BR, NCF, PD

1881
Princeton
7–0–2

BR, PD

Yale
5–0–1

NCF, PD

1882
Yale
8–0

BR, NCF, PD

1883
Yale
9–0

BR, HAF, NCF, PD

1884
Princeton
9–0–1

BR, PD

Yale
8–0–1

HAF, NCF, PD

1885
Princeton
9–0

BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1886
Princeton
7–0–1

BR, PD

Yale
9–0–1

HAF, NCF, PD

1887
Yale
9–0

BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1888
Yale
13–0
Walter Camp
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1889
Princeton
10–0

BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1890
Harvard
11–0
George C. Adams, George A. Stewart
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1891
Yale
13–0
Walter Camp
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1892
Yale
13–0
Walter Camp
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1893
Princeton
11–0

BR, HAF, HS, NCF

Yale
10–1
William Rhodes
PD

1894
Penn
12–0
George Washington Woodruff
PD

Princeton
8–2

HS

Yale
16–0
William Rhodes
BR, HAF, NCF, PD

1895
Penn
14–0
George Washington Woodruff
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

Yale
13–0–2
John A. Hartwell
PD

1896
Lafayette
11–0–1
Parke H. Davis
NCF, PD

Princeton
10–0–1
Franklin Morse
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1897
Penn
15–0
George Washington Woodruff
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

Yale
9–0–2
Frank Butterworth
PD

1898
Harvard
11–0
William Forbes
BR, HAF, HS, NCF

Princeton
11–0–1

PD

1899
Harvard
10–0–1
Benjamin Dibblee
HAF, HS, NCF

Princeton
12–1

BR, PD

1900
Yale
12–0
Malcolm McBride
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1901
Harvard
12–0
Bill Reid
BR

Michigan
11–0
Fielding H. Yost
HAF, HS, NCF

Yale
11–1–1
George S. Stillman
PDa

1902
Michigan
11–0
Fielding H. Yost
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

Yale
11–0–1
Joseph R. Swan
PD

1903
Michigan
11–0–1
Fielding H. Yost
NCF

Princeton
11–0
Art Hillebrand
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1904
Michigan
10–0
Fielding H. Yost
NCF

Minnesota
13–0
Henry Williams
BR

Penn
12–0
Carl S. Williams
HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1905
Chicago
10–0
Amos Alonzo Stagg
BR, HAF, HS, NCF

Yale
10–0
Jack Owsley
CW, PD

1906
Princeton
9–0–1
William Roper
HAF, NCF

Yale
9–0–1
Foster Rockwell
BR, CW, PD

1907
Yale
9–0–1
William F. Knox
BR, CW, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1908
Harvard
9–0–1
Percy Haughton
BR

LSU
10–0
Edgar Wingard
NCF

Penn
11–0–1
Sol Metzger
HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1909
Yale
10–0
Howard Jones
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1910
Harvard
8–0–1
Percy Haughton
BR, HAF, HS, NCF

Pittsburgh
9–0
Joseph Thompson
NCF

1911
Minnesota
6–0–1
Henry L. Williams
BR

Penn State
8–0–1
Bill Hollenback
NCF

Princeton
8–0–2
William Roper
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1912
Harvard
9–0
Percy Haughton
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

Penn State
8–0
Bill Hollenback
NCF

1913
Auburn
8–0
Mike Donahue
BR

Chicago
7–0
Amos Alonzo Stagg
BR, PD

Harvard
9–0
Percy Haughton
HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1914
Army
9–0
Charles Daly
HAF, HS, NCF, PD

Illinois
7–0
Robert Zuppke
BR, PD

Texas
8–0
Dave Allerdice
BR

1915
Cornell
9–0
Albert Sharpe
HAF, HS, NCF, PD

Minnesota
6-0-1
Henry L. Williams
BR

Oklahoma
10–0
Bennie Owen
BR

Pittsburgh
8–0
Glenn "Pop" Warner
PD

1916
Army
9–0
Charles Daly
PD

Georgia Tech
8–0-1
John Heisman
BR

Pittsburgh
8–0
Glenn "Pop" Warner
BR, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

1917
Georgia Tech
9–0
John Heisman
BR, HAF, HS, NCF

1918
Michigan
5–0
Fielding H. Yost
BR, NCF

Pittsburgh
4–1
Glenn "Pop" Warner
HAF, HS, NCF

1919
Centre
9–0
Charley Moran
SR

Harvard
9–0–1
Bob Fisher
CFRA, HAF, HS, NCF, PD

Illinois
6–1
Robert Zuppke
BR, BS, CFRA, PD, SR

Notre Dame
9–0
Knute Rockne
NCF, PD

Texas A&M
10–0
Dana X. Bible
BR, NCF

1920
California
9–0
Andy Smith
CFRA, HAF, HS, NCF, SR

Harvard
8–0–1
Bob Fisher
BS

Notre Dame
9–0
Knute Rockne
BR, PD

Princeton
6–0–1
William Roper
BS, PD

Georgia
8–0–1
Herman Stegeman
B(QPRS)

1921
California
9–0–1
Andy Smith
BR, BS, CFRA, SR

Cornell
8–0
Gil Dobie
HAF, HS, NCF, PD

Iowa
7–0
Howard Jones
BR, PD

Lafayette
9–0
Jock Sutherland
BS, PD

Washington & Jefferson
10–0–1
Greasy Neale
BS

Vanderbilt
7–0–1
Dan McGugin
B(QPRS)

1922
California
9–0
Andy Smith
BR, HS, NCF, SR

Cornell
8–0
Gil Dobie
HAF, PD

Iowa
7-0
Howard Jones
BR

Princeton
8–0
William Roper
BS, CFRA, NCF, PD, SR

Vanderbilt
8–0–1
Dan McGugin
B(QPRS)

1923
California
9–0–1
Andy Smith
HS

Cornell
8–0
Gil Dobie
SR

Illinois
8–0
Robert Zuppke
BS, CFRA, HAF, NCF, PD, SR , B(QPRS)

Michigan
8–0
Fielding H. Yost
BR, NCF

Yale
8–0
Tad Jones
B(QPRS)

1924
Notre Dame
10–0
Knute Rockne
BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, HAF, HS, NCF, PS, SR, B(QPRS)

Penn
9–1–1
Lou Young
PD

1925
Alabama
10–0
Wallace Wade
BR, BS, CFRA, HAF, HS, NCF, PS, SR, B(QPRS)

Dartmouth
8–0
Jesse Hawley
DiS, PD

Michigan
7–1
Fielding H. Yost
SR

1926
Alabama
9–0–1
Wallace Wade
BR, CFRA, HAF, NCF, PS, B(QPRS)

Lafayette
9–0
Herb McCracken
PD

Michigan
7–1
Fielding H. Yost
SR

Navy
9–0–1
Bill Ingram
BS, HS

Stanford
10–0–1
Glenn "Pop" Warner
DiS, HAF, NCF, SR

1927
Georgia
9–1
George Cecil Woodruff
BS, PS, B(QPRS)

Illinois
7–0–1
Robert Zuppke
BR, DiS, HAF, NCF, PD

Notre Dame
7–1–1
Knute Rockne
HS

Texas A&M
8–0–1
Dana X. Bible
SR

Yale
7–1
Thomas Jones
CFRA

1928
Detroit
9–0
Gus Dorais
PD

Georgia Tech
10–0
William Alexander
BR, BS, CFRA, HAF, HS, NCF, PD, PS, SR, B(QPRS)

USC
9–0–1
Howard Jones
DiS, SR

1929
Notre Dame
9–0
Knute Rockne
BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, DuS, HAF, NCF, PS, SR

Pittsburgh
9–1
Jock Sutherland
PD

USC
10–2
Howard Jones
HS, SR, B(QPRS)

1930
Alabama
10–0
Wallace Wade
CFRA, PD, SR, B(QPRS)

Notre Dame
10–0
Knute Rockne
BR, BS, DiS, DuS, HAF, HS, NCF, PD, PS

1931
Pittsburgh
8–1
Jock Sutherland
PD

Purdue
9–1
Noble Kizer
PD

USC
10–1
Howard Jones
BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, DuS, HAF, HS, NCF, PS, SR, WS, B(QPRS)

1932
Colgate
9–0
Andrew Kerr
PD

Michigan
8–0
Harry Kipke
DiS, PD, SR

USC
10–0
Howard Jones
BR, BS, CFRA, DuS, HAF, HS, NCF, PD, PS, SR, WS, B(QPRS)

1933
Michigan
7–0–1
Harry Kipke
BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, HAF, HS, NCF, PD, PS, SR, B(QPRS)

Ohio State
7–1
Sam Willaman
DuS

Princeton
9–0
Fritz Crisler
PD

USC
10–1–1
Howard Jones
WS

1934
Alabama
10–0
Frank Thomas
DuS, HS, PS, WS, B(QPRS)

Minnesota
8–0
Bernie Bierman
BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, HAF, L, NCF, SR

1935
LSU
9–2
Bernie Moore
WS

Minnesota
8–0
Bernie Bierman
BR, BS, CFRA, HAF, L, NCF, PS

Princeton
9–0
Fritz Crisler
DuS

SMU
12–1
Matty Bell
DiS, HS, SR, B(QPRS)

TCU
12–1
Dutch Meyer
WS

1936
LSU
9–1–1
Bernie Moore
SR, WS

Minnesota
7–1
Bernie Bierman
AP, BR, DiS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, PS

Pittsburgh
8–1–1
Jock Sutherland
BS, CFRA, HS

Duke
9–1
Wallace Wade
B(QPRS)

1937
California
10–0–1
Stub Allison
DuS, HAF

Pittsburgh
9–0–1
Jock Sutherland
AP, BR, BS, CFRA, DiS, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS, B(QPRS)

1938
Notre Dame
8–1
Elmer Layden
DiS

TCU
11–0
Dutch Meyer
AP, HAF, NCF, WS

Tennessee
11–0
Robert Neyland
BR, BS, CFRA, DuS, HS, L, PS, SR, B(QPRS)

1939
Cornell
8–0
Carl Snavely
L, SR

Texas A&M
11–0
Homer Norton
AP, BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, NCF, PS, SR, WS, B(QPRS)

USC
8–0–2
Howard Jones
DiS

1940
Minnesota
8–0
Bernie Bierman
AP, B(QPRS), BS, CFRA, DeS, DiS, HS, L, NCF, SR

Stanford
10–0
Clark Shaughnessy
BR, HAF, PS

Tennessee
10–1
Robert Neyland
DuS, WS

1941
Alabama
9–2
Frank Thomas
HS

Minnesota
8–0
Bernie Bierman
AP, BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, PS, SR

Texas
8–1–1
Dana X. Bible
B(QPRS), WS

1942
Georgia
11–1
Wally Butts
B(QPRS), BR, DeS, HS, L, PS, SR, WS

Ohio State
9–1
Paul Brown
AP, BS, DuS, CFRA, NCF

Wisconsin
8–1–1
Harry Stuhldreher
HAF

1943
Notre Dame
9–1
Frank Leahy
AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS

1944
Army
9–0
Earl Blaik
AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS

Ohio State
9–0
Carroll Widdoes
NCF, SR

1945
Alabama
10–0
Frank Thomas
NCF

Army
9–0
Earl Blaik
AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS

Oklahoma A&M
9–0
Jim Lookabaugh
BRC

1946
Army
9–0–1
Earl Blaik
BR, BS, CFRA, HAF, HS, PS

Georgia
11–0
Wally Butts
WS

Notre Dame
8–0–1
Frank Leahy
AP, B(QPRS), BS, DeS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, PS, SR

1947
Michigan
10–0
Fritz Crisler
B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR

Notre Dame
9–0
Frank Leahy
AP, HAF, WS

1948
Michigan
9–0
Bennie Oosterbaan
AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS

1949
Notre Dame
10–0
Frank Leahy
AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, DeS, DuS, HAF, HS, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS

Oklahoma
11–0
Bud Wilkinson
CFRA

1950
Kentucky
11–1
Paul "Bear" Bryant
SR

Oklahoma
10–1
Bud Wilkinson
AP, B(QPRS), HAF, L, UP, WS

Princeton
9–0
Charley Caldwell
BS, PS

Tennessee
11–1
Robert Neyland
BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, NCF, SR

1951
Georgia Tech
11–0–1
Bobby Dodd
B(QPRS), BS

Illinois
9–0–1
Ray Eliot
BS

Maryland
10–0
Jim Tatum
CFRA, DeS, DuS, NCF, SR

Michigan State
9–0
Biggie Munn
BR, HAF, PS

Tennessee
10–1
Robert Neyland
AP, L, UP, WS

1952
Georgia Tech
12–0
Bobby Dodd
B(QPRS), BR, INS, PS, SR

Michigan State
9–0
Biggie Munn
AP, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, SR, UP, WS

1953
Maryland
10–1
Jim Tatum
AP, INS, UP

Notre Dame
9–0–1
Frank Leahy
BR, BS, DeS, DuS, HAF, L, NCF, PS, SR, WS

Oklahoma
9–1–1
Bud Wilkinson
B(QPRS), CFRA

1954
Ohio State
10–0
Woody Hayes
AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, HAF, INS, NCF, PS, SR, WS

UCLA
9–0
Henry Sanders
CFRA, DuS, FWAA, HAF, L, NCF, UP

1955
Michigan State
9–1
Duffy Daugherty
BS

Oklahoma
11–0
Bud Wilkinson
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FWAA, HAF, INS, L, NCF, PS, SR, UP, WS

1956
Georgia Tech
10–1
Bobby Dodd
B(QPRS), SR

Iowa
9–1
Forest Evashevski
CFRA

Oklahoma
10–0
Bud Wilkinson
AP, BR, BS, DeS, DuS, FWAA, HAF, INS, L, NCF, SR, UP, WS

Tennessee
10–1
Bowden Wyatt
SR

1957
Auburn
10–0
Ralph Jordan
AP, BR, CFRA, HAF, NCF, PS, SR, WS

Michigan State
8–1
Duffy Daugherty
DuS

Ohio State
9–1
Woody Hayes
BS, DeS, FWAA, INS, L, UP

Oklahoma
10–1
Bud Wilkinson
B(QPRS)

1958
Iowa
8–1–1
Forest Evashevski
FWAA

LSU
11–0
Paul Dietzel
AP, B(QPRS), BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, HAF, L, NCF, PS, SR, UPI, WS

1959
Ole Miss
10–1
Johnny Vaught
B(QPRS), DuS, SR

Syracuse
11–0
Ben Schwartzwalder
AP, BR, BS, CFRA, DeS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, NCF, NFF, PS, SR, UPI, WS

1960
Iowa
8–1
Forest Evashevski
B(QPRS), BS, L, SR

Minnesota
8–2
Murray Warmath
AP, FN, NFF, UPI

Ole Miss
10–0–1
Johnny Vaught
BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FWAA, NCF, WS

Missouri
11–0*
Dan Devine
PS

Washington
10–1
Jim Owens
HAF

1961
Alabama
11–0
Paul "Bear" Bryant
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, HAF, L, NCF, NFF, SR, UPI, WS

Ohio State
8–0–1
Woody Hayes
FWAA, PS

1962
LSU
9–1–1
Charles McClendon
B(QPRS)

Ole Miss
10–0
Johnny Vaught
BR, L, SR

USC
11–0
John McKay
AP, B(QPRS), CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, PS, UPI, WS

1963
Texas
11–0
Darrell Royal
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, NCF, NFF, PS, SR, UPI, WS

1964
Alabama
10–1
Paul "Bear" Bryant
AP, B(QPRS), L, UPI

Arkansas
11–0
Frank Broyles
BR, CFRA, FWAA, HAF, NCF, PS, SR

Michigan
9–1
Bump Elliott
DuS

Notre Dame
9–1
Ara Parseghian
DeS, FN, NFF

1965
Alabama
9–1–1
Paul "Bear" Bryant
AP, CFRA, FWAA, NCF

Michigan State
10–1
Duffy Daugherty
B(QPRS), BR, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, NFF, PS, SR, UPI

1966
Alabama
11–0
Paul "Bear" Bryant
B(QPRS), SR

Michigan State
9–0–1
Duffy Daugherty
CFRA, HAF, NFF, PS

Notre Dame
9–0–1
Ara Parseghian
AP, BR, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, PS, SR, UPI

1967
Notre Dame
8–2
Ara Parseghian
DuS

Oklahoma
10–1
Chuck Fairbanks
PS

USC
10–1
John McKay
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, FN, FWAA, HAF, MGR, NCF, NFF, SR, UPI

Tennessee
9–2
Doug Dickey
L

1968
Georgia
8–1–2
Vince Dooley
L

Ohio State
10–0
Woody Hayes
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SR, UPI

Texas
9–1–1
Darrell Royal
DeS, MGR, SR

1969
Ohio State
8–1
Woody Hayes
MGR

Penn State
11–0
Joe Paterno
R(FACT), SR

Texas
11–0
Darrell Royal
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SR, UPI

1970
Arizona State
11–0
Frank Kush
PS

Nebraska
11–0–1
Bob Devaney
AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, R(FACT), SR

Notre Dame
10–1
Ara Parseghian
MGR, R(FACT), SR

Ohio State
9–1
Woody Hayes
NFF

Texas
10–1
Darrell Royal
B(QPRS), L, NFF, R(FACT), UPI

1971
Nebraska
13–0
Bob Devaney
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SR, UPI

1972
USC
12–0
John McKay
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SR, UPI

1973
Alabama
11–1
Paul "Bear" Bryant
B(QPRS), UPI

Michigan
10–0–1
Bo Schembechler
NCF, PS

Notre Dame
11–0
Ara Parseghian
AP, BR, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF

Ohio State
10–0–1
Woody Hayes
NCF, PS, R(FACT), SR

Oklahoma
10–0–1
Barry Switzer
CFRA, DeS, DuS, SR

1974
Ohio State
10–2
Woody Hayes
MGR

Oklahoma
11–0
Barry Switzer
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, HAF, L, NCF, PS, R(FACT), SR

USC
10–1–1
John McKay
FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, UPI

1975
Alabama
11–1
Paul "Bear" Bryant
MGR

Arizona State
12–0
Frank Kush
NCF, SN

Ohio State
11–1
Woody Hayes
B(QPRS), HAF, MGR, PS, R(FACT)

Oklahoma
11–1
Barry Switzer
AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, R(FACT), SR, UPI

1976
Pittsburgh
12–0
Johnny Majors
AP, BR, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI

USC
11–1
John Robinson
B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, MGR

1977
Alabama
11–1
Paul "Bear" Bryant
CFRA

Arkansas
11–1
Lou Holtz
R(FACT)

Notre Dame
11–1
Dan Devine
AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, MGR, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI

Texas
11–1
Fred Akers
B(QPRS), R(FACT), SR

1978
Alabama
11–1
Paul "Bear" Bryant
AP, CFRA, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, R(FACT)

Oklahoma
11–1
Barry Switzer
DeS, DuS, HAF, L, MGR, PS, R(FACT), SR

USC
12–1
John Robinson
B(QPRS), BR, FN, HAF, NCF, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI

1979
Alabama
12–0
Paul "Bear" Bryant
AP, B(QPRS), BR, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI

USC
11–0–1
John Robinson
CFRA

1980
Florida State
10–2
Bobby Bowden
R(FACT)

Georgia
12–0
Vince Dooley
AP, B(QPRS), BR, FN, FWAA, HAF, NCF, NFF, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI

Nebraska
10–2
Tom Osborne
R(FACT)

Oklahoma
10–2
Barry Switzer
DuS, MGR

Pittsburgh
11–1
Jackie Sherrill
CFRA, DeS, NYT, R(FACT), SR

1981
Clemson
12–0
Danny Ford
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI

Nebraska
9–3
Tom Osborne
NCF

Penn State
10–2
Joe Paterno
DuS

Pittsburgh
11–1
Jackie Sherrill
NCF

SMU
10–1
Ron Meyer
NCF

Texas
10–1–1
Fred Akers
NCF

1982
Nebraska
12–1
Tom Osborne
B(QPRS)

Penn State
11–1
Joe Paterno
AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, HAF, L, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, PS, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT

SMU
11–0–1
Bobby Collins
HAF

1983
Auburn
11–1
Pat Dye
BR, CFRA, NYT, R(FACT), SR

Miami (FL)
11–1
Howard Schnellenberger
AP, DuS, FN, FWAA, NCF, NFF, SN, UPI, USAT/CNN

Nebraska
12–1
Tom Osborne
B(QPRS), DeS, L, MGR, PS, R(FACT), SR

1984
BYU
13–0
LaVell Edwards
AP, BR, CFRA, FWAA, NCF, NFF, PS, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN

Florida
9–1–1
Galen Hall
DeS, DuS, MGR, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR

Nebraska
10–2
Tom Osborne
L

Washington
11–1
Don James
B(QPRS), FN, NCF

1985
Florida
9–1–1
Galen Hall
SR

Michigan
10–1–1
Bo Schembechler
MGR

Oklahoma
11–1
Barry Switzer
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, UPI, USAT/CNN

1986
Miami (FL)
11–1
Jimmy Johnson
R(FACT)

Oklahoma
11–1
Barry Switzer
B(QPRS), CFRA, DeS, DuS, NYT, SR

Penn State
12–0
Joe Paterno
AP, BR, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN

1987
Florida State
11–1
Bobby Bowden
B(QPRS)

Miami (FL)
12–0
Jimmy Johnson
AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN

1988
Miami (FL)
11–1
Jimmy Johnson
B(QPRS)

Notre Dame
12–0
Lou Holtz
AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN

1989
Miami (FL)
11–1
Dennis Erickson
AP, BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, UPI, USAT/CNN

Notre Dame
12–1
Lou Holtz
B(QPRS), ERS, R(FACT), SR

1990
Colorado
11–1–1
Bill McCartney
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, R(FACT), SN, USAT/CNN

Georgia Tech
11–0–1
Bobby Ross
DuS, NCF, R(FACT), SR, UPI

Miami (FL)
10–2
Dennis Erickson
ERS, NYT, R(FACT), SR

Washington
10–2
Don James
R(FACT)

1991
Miami (FL)
12–0
Dennis Erickson
AP, BR, CFRA, ERS, NCF, NYT, SN, SR

Washington
12–0
Don James
B(QPRS), DeS, DuS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, R(FACT), SR, UPI/NFF, USAT/CNN

1992
Alabama
13–0
Gene Stallings
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CFRA, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI/NFF, USAT/CNN

Florida State
11–1
Bobby Bowden
SR

1993
Auburn
11–0
Terry Bowden
NCF

Florida State
12–1
Bobby Bowden
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, NCF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN, USAT/NFF

Nebraska
11–1
Tom Osborne
NCF

Notre Dame
11–1
Lou Holtz
MGR, NCF

1994
Florida State
10–1–1
Bobby Bowden
DuS

Nebraska
13–0
Tom Osborne
AP, AS, B(QPRS), BR, FN, FWAA, NCF, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN, USAT/NFF

Penn State
12–0
Joe Paterno
CCR, DeS, ERS, MGR, NCF, NYT, R(FACT), SR

1995
Nebraska
12–0
Tom Osborne
AP, AS, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, UPI, USAT/CNN

1996
Florida
12–1
Steve Spurrier
AP, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/CNN

Florida State
11–1
Bobby Bowden
AS

1997
Michigan
12–0
Lloyd Carr
AP, BR, FN, FWAA, NCF, NFF, SN

Nebraska
13–0
Tom Osborne
A&H, AS, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, MGR, NCF, NYT, R(FACT), SR, USAT/ESPN

1998
Tennessee
13–0
Phillip Fulmer
A&H, AP, AS, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, USAT/ESPN

Ohio State
11–1
John Cooper
SRb

1999
Florida State
12–0
Bobby Bowden
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NCF, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/ESPN

2000
Miami (FL)
11–1
Butch Davis
NYT

Oklahoma
13–0
Bob Stoops
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NCF, NFF, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/ESPN

2001
Miami (FL)
12–0
Larry Coker
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DeS, DuS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/ESPN, W

2002
Ohio State
14–0
Jim Tressel
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DeS, ERS, FN, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT/ESPN, W

USC
11–2
Pete Carroll
DuS, MGR, SR

2003
LSU
13–1
Nick Saban
A&H, BCS, BR, CM, DeS, DuS, MCFR, NFF, R(FACT), SR, USAT/ESPN, W

Oklahoma
12–2
Bob Stoops
B(QPRS)

USC
12–1
Pete Carroll
AP, CCR, ERS, FWAA, MGR, NYT, SN

2004
USCc
11–0d
Pete Carroll
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BR, CCR, CM, DeS, DuS, ERS, MCFR, MGR, NFF, NYT, R(FACT), SN, SR, W
Vacated:c BCS, FWAA, USAT/ESPN

2005
Texas
13–0
Mack Brown
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DeS, DuS, ERS, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NFF, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT, W

2006
Florida
13–1
Urban Meyer
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, MGR, NFF, R(FACT), SN, SR, USAT, W

Ohio State
12–1
Jim Tressel
DeS, R(FACT)

2007
LSU
12–2
Les Miles
AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W

Missouri
12–2
Gary Pinkel
A&H

USC
11–2
Pete Carroll
DuSe

2008
Florida
13–1
Urban Meyer
AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CM, DuS, FWAA, NFF, SR, USAT

Utah
13–0
Kyle Whittingham
A&H, MCFR, W

2009
Alabama
14–0
Nick Saban
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CCR, CFRA, CM, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W

2010
Auburn
14–0
Gene Chizik
A&H, AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CFRA, CM, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W

TCU
13–0
Gary Patterson
CCR

2011
Alabama
12–1
Nick Saban
AP, B(QPRS), BCS, BR, CFRA, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W

LSU
13–1
Les Miles
A&H, CCR

Oklahoma State
12–1
Mike Gundy
CM

2012
Alabama
13–1
Nick Saban
A&H, AP, BCS, BR, CCR, CFRA, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W

Notre Dame
12–1
Brian Kelly
CM

2013
Florida State
14–0
Jimbo Fisher
A&H, AP, BCS, BR, CCR, CFRA, CM, DuS, FWAA, MCFR, NFF, SR, USAT, W

2014
Ohio State
14–1
Urban Meyer
A&H, AP, BR, CCR, CFP, CFRA, CM, DuS, FWAA/NFF, MCFR, SR, USAT/AMWAY, W

2015
Alabama
14–1
Nick Saban
A&H, AP, BR, CCR, CFP, CFRA, CM, DuS, FWAA/NFF, MCFR, SR, USAT/AMWAY, W

2016
Clemson
14–1
Dabo Swinney
A&H, AP, BR, CFP, CFRA, FWAA/NFF, MCFR, SR, USAT/AMWAY

Alabama
14–1
Nick Saban
CCR, CM, DuS

text:
aParke Davis' selection for 1901, as published in the 1935 Spalding's Foot Ball Guide (which he himself edited until his death), was Harvard.[18]:233
bThe NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records book lists Sagarin as having selected Tennessee,[6]:114 while Sagarin's official website gives Ohio State as its 1998 selection.[19]
cThe FWAA stripped USC of its 2004 Grantland Rice Trophy and vacated the selection of its national champion for 2004. The BCS also vacated USC's participation in the 2005 Orange Bowl and USC's 2004 BCS National Championship, and the AFCA Coaches' Poll Trophy was returned.[20][21]
dRecord does not count wins against UCLA, or against Oklahoma in the BCS Championship game on January 4, 2005, as they were vacated by the NCAA.[22]
eThe NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records book lists Dunkel as having selected LSU,[6]:114 while Dunkel's official website gives USC as its 2007 selection.[23]

text: Total championship selections from major selectors by school[edit]

text: The national title count listed below is a culmination of all championship awarded since 1869, regardless of consensus or non-consensus status, as listed in the table above according to the selectors deemed to be major as listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (minus the Harris Interactive poll, 2005–2013, that is listed but does not conduct a final poll or award a championship).[6]:107–119

text: The totals can be said to be disputed. Individual schools may claim national championships not accounted for by the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records or may not claim national championship selections that do appear in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (see National championship claims by school below). For an alternative independent view of national championship totals for each team, please see the Poll era (1936–present) selections in the tables below.

text:
School
Championships

Princeton
28

Yale
27

Notre Dame
22

Alabama
20

Oklahoma
17

USC
17

Michigan
16

Ohio State
16

Harvard
12

Nebraska
11

Pittsburgh
11

Miami (FL)
9

Minnesota
9

Texas
9

Florida State
8

LSU
8

Georgia Tech
7

Penn State
7

Tennessee
7

Georgia
6

Michigan State
6

Penn
6

Iowa
5

Army
5

Auburn
5

California
5

Cornell
5

Florida
5

Illinois
5

Washington
4

Lafayette
3

Ole Miss
3

SMU
3

TCU
3

Texas A&M
3

Arizona State
2

Arkansas
2

Chicago
2

Clemson
2

Maryland
2

Missouri
2

Oklahoma State
2

Stanford
2

BYU
1

Centre
1

Colgate
1

Colorado
1

Columbia
1

Dartmouth
1

Detroit
1

Kentucky
1

Navy
1

Purdue
1

Rutgers
1

Syracuse
1

UCLA
1

Utah
1

Washington & Jefferson
1

Wisconsin
1

text: National championship claims by school[edit]

text: The following is a table of known schools' claims on national championships at the highest level of play in college football. Several of these schools no longer compete at the highest level, which is currently NCAA Division I FBS, but nonetheless maintain claims to titles from when they did compete at the highest level.

text: Because there is no one governing or official body that regulates, recognizes, or awards national championships in college football, and because many independent selectors of championships exist, many of the claims by the schools listed below are shared, contradict each other, or are controversial.[5][6]:107–119 In addition, because there is no one body overseeing national championships, no standardized requirements exist in order for a school to make a claim on a national championship, as any particular institution is free to make any declaration it deems to be fit. However, all known national championship claims are for seasons in which a National Championship, or share of a championship, was believed to be awarded to that particular school by at least one independent third-party selector.[24] The majority of these claims, but not all, are based on championships awarded from selectors listed as "major" in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records.[6]:107–109 Not all championships awarded by third party selectors, nor those listed in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, are necessarily claimed by each school.[note 1] Therefore, these claims represent how each individual school sees their own history on the subject of national championships.

text: This table below includes only national championship claims originating from each particular school and therefore represents the point-of-view of each individual institution. Each total number of championships, and the years for which they are claimed, are documented by the particular school on its official website, in its football media guide, or in other official publications or literature (see Source). If a championship is not mentioned by a school for any particular season, regardless of whether it was awarded by a selector or listed in a third-party publication such as the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records, it is not considered to be claimed by that institution.[note 2]

text:
School
Claimed
national
championships
Seasons
Source

Princeton
28
1869, 1870, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1889, 1893, 1894, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1906, 1911, 1920, 1922, 1933, 1935, 1950
[25]

Yale
27
1872, 1874, 1876, 1877, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1897, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1927
[26][27]

Alabama
16
1925, 1926, 1930, 1934, 1941, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1973, 1978, 1979, 1992, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015
[28]

Michigan
11
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1918, 1923, 1932, 1933, 1947, 1948, 1997
[29]

Notre Dame
11
1924, 1929, 1930, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1966, 1973, 1977, 1988
[30]

USC
11a
1928, 1931, 1932, 1939, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1974, 1978, 2003, 2004
[31]

Pittsburgh
9
1915, 1916, 1918, 1929, 1931, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1976
[32]

Ohio State
8
1942, 1954, 1957, 1961, 1968, 1970, 2002, 2014
[33][34]

Harvard
7
1890, 1898, 1899, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1919
[35]

Minnesota
7
1904, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1940, 1941, 1960
[36]

Oklahoma
7
1950, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1975, 1985, 2000
[37]

Penn
7
1894, 1895, 1897, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1924
[38]

Michigan State
6
1951, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1965, 1966
[39]

Tennessee
6
1938, 1940, 1950, 1951, 1967, 1998
[40][41]

California
5
1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1937
[42]

Cornell
5
1915, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1939
[43]

Georgia
5b
1927, 1942, 1946, 1968, 1980
[44]

Illinois
5
1914, 1919, 1923, 1927, 1951
[45]

Miami (FL)
5
1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, 2001
[46]

Nebraska
5
1970, 1971, 1994, 1995, 1997
[47]

Georgia Tech
4
1917, 1928, 1952, 1990
[48]

Iowa
4c
1921, 1956, 1958, 1960
[49]

Texas
4
1963, 1969, 1970, 2005
[50]

Washington
4
1960, 1984, 1990, 1991
[51]

Army
3
1944, 1945, 1946
[52]

Florida
3
1996, 2006, 2008
[53]

Florida State
3
1993, 1999, 2013
[54]

Lafayette
3
1896, 1921, 1926
[55]

LSU
3
1958, 2003, 2007
[56]

Ole Miss
3
1959, 1960, 1962
[57]

SMU
3
1935, 1981, 1982
[58]

Texas A&M
3
1919, 1927, 1939
[59]

Auburn
2d
1957, 2010
[60]

Chicago
2
1905, 1913
[61]

Clemson
2
1981, 2016
[62][63]

Penn State
2
1982, 1986
[64]

TCU
2
1935, 1938
[65]

Stanford
2
1926, 1940
[66][67]

Arkansas
1
1964
[68]

Boston College
1
1940
[69]

BYU
1
1984
[70]

Colorado
1
1990
[71]

Dartmouth
1
1925
[72]

Kentucky
1
1950
[73]

Maryland
1
1953
[74]

Navy
1
1926
[75]

Oklahoma State
1
1945
[76][77]

Rutgers
1
1869
[78]

Syracuse
1
1959
[79]

UCLA
1
1954
[80]

text:
aUSC's January 4, 2005 win over Oklahoma in the BCS Championship Game was vacated as mandated by the NCAA, its 2004 BCS National Championship vacated by the BCS, and its AFCA Coaches' Trophy returned. NCAA sanctions mandate that "any reference to the vacated results, including championships, shall be removed." USC still retains the 2004 Associated Press National Championship and has not abandoned its claim to a 2004 National Championship.[81][82]
bIn an online list of the university's national championships, Georgia lists only two for football (1942 and 1980).[83] However, in Georgia's football media guide, although these years (1927, 1946, 1968) are highlighted as consensus championships, each of the five championships are described separately[44]:190 and those seasons are highlighted as national championships in the year-by-year results.[44]:159–161
cIowa lists the awarding of the 1958 Grantland Rice National Championship in various publications, but describes championship selections from 3 other years as well in its annual media guide.
dAuburn's 1913, 1983, and 1993 (Auburn was disqualified from post-season play in 1993 and did not play in a bowl game) championships are not recognized by the school.

text: Poll era (1936–present)[edit]

text: The polling system first gained widespread consistency with the introduction of the AP poll in 1936, followed by the Coaches' Poll in 1950. National championships are often popularly considered to be "consensus" when both of these polls are in agreement with their national championship selections, although other selectors exist and do make alternative selections. A more modern incarnation, the Bowl Championship Series (BCS), was a consortium of college football conferences that uses a combination of various computer rankings and human polls to mathematically determine a post-season matchup between the two top teams as determined by its formula. The USA Today Coaches' Poll was contractually obligated to name the BCS champion as its national champion.

text: AP Poll[edit]

text: The AP college football poll has a long history. The news media began running their own polls of sports writers to determine who was, by popular opinion, the best football team in the country at the end of the season. One of the earliest such polls was the AP College Football Poll, first run in 1934 (compiled and organized by Charles Woodroof, former SEC Assistant Director of Media Relations, but not recognized in the official NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records) and then continuously from 1936. Due to the long-standing historical ties between individual college football conferences and high-paying bowl games like the Rose Bowl and Orange Bowl, the NCAA has never held a tournament or championship game to determine the champion of what is now the highest division, NCAA Division I, Football Bowl Subdivision (the Division I, Football Championship Subdivision and lower divisions do hold championship tournaments). As a result, the public and the media began to take the leading vote-getter in the final AP Poll as the national champion for that season.

text: While the AP Poll currently lists the Top 25 teams in the nation, from 1936 to 1961 the wire service only ranked 20 teams. And from 1962 to 1967 only 10 teams were recognized. From 1968 to 1988, the AP again resumed its Top 20 before expanding to 25 teams in 1989.

text: Until the 1968 college football season, the final AP Poll of the season was released following the end of the regular season, with the exception of the 1965 season. In 1964, Alabama was named the national champion in the final AP Poll following the completion of the regular season, but lost in the Orange Bowl to Texas, leaving Arkansas as the only undefeated, untied team after the Razorbacks defeated Nebraska in the Cotton Bowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid off, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll. Michigan State was named national champion in the final United Press International poll of coaches, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll. At the end of the 1947 season, the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular season final poll. The AP national championship had been awarded before bowl games were played.

text: Beginning in the 1968 season, a post bowl game poll was released and the AP championship reflected the bowl game results. The UPI did not follow suit with the coaches' poll until the 1974 season.[84]

text: Coaches' Poll[edit]

text: The Coaches' poll began selecting the top 20 teams on a weekly basis during the 1950–1951 college football season. It is conducted among selected members of the American Football Coaches Association. In 1990 the poll expanded to a top 25, and it has retained this format since. The Coaches' Poll took their final poll prior to the bowl games from 1950–1973, and since 1974, has taken their final poll after bowl games. The Coaches' Poll does not include teams on either NCAA or conference-sanction probation, which also differentiates it from the AP poll.[85] The poll has been released through various media outlets and with differing sponsors over its history, and thus has taken a succession of different names, including United Press (UP) from 1950 thru 1957, the United Press International (UPI) from 1958 thru 1990, USA Today/CNN from 1991 thru 1996, USA Today/ESPN from 1997 to 2004, and USA Today from 2005 to present.

text: During the era of the BCS, the Coaches' Poll was under contractual obligation to award its national championship selection to the winner of the BCS Championship Game or its predecessors—who was presented with the AFCA National Championship Trophy during a post-game presentation. The College Football Playoff is not tied to the Coaches' Poll in this manner.[86]

text: The following table contains the National Championships that have been recognized by the final AP or Coaches' Poll. Originally both the AP and Coaches' poll champions were crowned after the regular season, but since 1968 and 1974, respectively, both polls crown their champions after the bowl games are completed. The BCS champion was automatically awarded the Coaches' Poll championship. Of the current 120+ Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, formerly Division I-A) schools, only 30 have won at least a share of a national title by the AP or Coaches' poll. Of these 30 teams, only 19 teams have won multiple titles. Of the 19 teams, only 7 have won five or more national titles: Alabama, Notre Dame, Oklahoma, USC, Miami (FL), Nebraska, and Ohio State. The years listed in the table below indicate a national championship selection by the AP or Coaches' Poll. The selections are noted with (AP) or (Coaches) when a national champion selection differed between the two polls for that particular season, which has occurred in twelve different seasons (including 2004, for which the coaches selection was rescinded) since the polls first came to coexist in 1950.

text:
School
Championships
Seasons

Alabama
11
1961, 1964, 1965 (AP), 1973 (Coaches), 1978 (AP), 1979, 1992, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015

Notre Dame
8
1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1966, 1973 (AP), 1977, 1988

Oklahoma
7
1950, 1955, 1956, 1974 (AP), 1975, 1985, 2000

USC
7
1962, 1967, 1972, 1974 (Coaches), 1978 (Coaches), 2003 (AP), 2004 (AP)*

Ohio State
6
1942, 1954 (AP), 1957 (Coaches), 1968, 2002, 2014

Miami (FL)
5
1983, 1987, 1989, 1991 (AP), 2001

Nebraska
5
1970 (AP), 1971, 1994, 1995, 1997 (Coaches)

Minnesota
4
1936, 1940, 1941, 1960

Texas
4
1963, 1969, 1970 (Coaches), 2005

Florida
3
1996, 2006, 2008

Florida State
3
1993, 1999, 2013

LSU
3
1958, 2003 (Coaches), 2007

Army
2
1944, 1945 (AP)

Auburn
2
1957 (AP), 2010

Clemson
2
1981, 2016

Michigan
2
1948, 1997 (AP)

Michigan State
2
1952, 1965 (Coaches)

Penn State
2
1982, 1986

Pittsburgh
2
1937, 1976

Tennessee
2
1951, 1998

BYU
1
1984

Colorado
1
1990 (AP)

Georgia
1
1980

Georgia Tech
1
1990 (Coaches)

Maryland
1
1953

Oklahoma State
1
1945 (Coaches)**

Syracuse
1
1959

TCU
1
1938

Texas A&M
1
1939

UCLA
1
1954 (Coaches)

Washington
1
1991 (Coaches)

text:
*USC's 2004–2005 BCS National Championship was vacated by the BCS and the AFCA Coaches' Trophy returned.[87]
**Retroactively awarded in 2016 by AFCA Blue Ribbon Panel[15]

text: BCS championships[edit]

text: *USC's victory in the 2005 Orange Bowl and subsequent 2004–05 BCS National Championship was vacated by the BCS.[81][88]

text:
School
Championships
Seasons

Clemson
1
2016

Alabama
1
2015

Ohio State
1
2014


document_title: Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay

question_text: who was the first woman to win the academy award for best adapted screenplay

root

text: Superlatives[edit]

text: The first person to win twice in this category is Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who won the award in two consecutive years, 1949 and 1950. Others to win twice in this category include: George Seaton, Robert Bolt (who also won in consecutive years), Francis Ford Coppola, Mario Puzo, Alvin Sargent, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Alexander Payne and Michael Wilson. Payne won both awards as part of a writing duo, with Jim Taylor, and writing trio, with Jim Rash and Nat Faxon. Michael Wilson was blacklisted at the time of his second Oscar, so the award was given to a front (novelist Pierre Boulle). However, the Academy officially recognized him as the winner several years later.[1]

tag: p

text: Frances Marion was the first woman to win in this category, in 1930.

text: Pierre Collings and Sheridan Gibney were the first to win for adapting their own work, for The Life of Emile Zola.

text: Philip G. Epstein and Julius J. Epstein are the first siblings to win in this category, for Casablanca. James Goldman and William Goldman are the first to win for separate films. Joel Coen and Ethan Coen are the third winning siblings, for No Country for Old Men.

text: Mario Puzo is the one of two writers whose work has been adapted and resulted in two wins. Puzo's novel The Godfather resulted in wins in 1972 and 1974. The other is E. M. Forster, whose novels A Room with a View and Howards End resulted in wins for Ruth Prawer Jhabvala.

text: Larry McMurtry is the only person who has won (for Brokeback Mountain) for adapting someone else's work and whose work has been adapted by someone else resulting in a win, Terms of Endearment.

text: Emma Thompson is the only winner who has also won for acting.[2] Winners Billy Bob Thornton and John Huston have only received nominations (not wins) in the acting categories.

text: Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh are the only married couple to win, for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.

text: Geoffrey S. Fletcher (for Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire), John Ridley (for 12 Years a Slave), and Barry Jenkins and Tarell Alvin McCraney (both for Moonlight) are the only African-Americans to win in this category; Fletcher is also the first African-American to win in any writing category.

text: Billy Wilder, Charles Brackett, Paddy Chayefsky, Francis Ford Coppola, Horton Foote, William Goldman, Robert Benton, Bo Goldman, and the Coen brothers have won Oscars for both original and adapted screenplays.

text: James Ivory is the oldest person to receive the award, having been 89 years old when he won for Call Me by Your Name.

text: Notable nominees[edit]

text: Noted novelists and playwrights nominated in this category include: George Bernard Shaw (who shared an award for an adaptation of his play Pygmalion), Graham Greene, Tennessee Williams, Vladimir Nabokov, James Hilton, Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Lillian Hellman, Irwin Shaw, James Agee, Norman Corwin, S. J. Perelman, Terence Rattigan, John Osborne, Robert Bolt, Harold Pinter, David Mamet, Larry McMurtry, Arthur Miller, John Irving, David Hare, Tony Kushner, and August Wilson.

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: Winners are listed first in colored row, followed by the other nominees.

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

1927-28
(1st)
[note 1]

7th Heaven
Benjamin Glazer
The play Seventh Heaven by Austin Strong

Glorious Betsy
Anthony Coldeway
The play Glorious Betsy by Rida Johnson Young

The Jazz Singer
Alfred A. Cohn
The play The Jazz Singer by Samson Raphaelson, from his story "The Day of Atonement"

1928-29
(2nd)
[note 2]

The Patriot
Hanns Kräly
Ashley Dukes' translation of the play Der Patriot by Alfred Neumann & the story Paul I by Dmitry Merezhkovsky

The Cop
Elliott J. Clawson
– (original)

In Old Arizona
Tom Barry
The story The Caballero's Way by O. Henry

The Last of Mrs. Cheyney
Kräly
The play The Last of Mrs. Cheyney by Frederick Lonsdale

The Leatherneck
Clawson
– (original)

Our Dancing Daughters
Josephine Lovett
– (original)

Sal of Singapore
Clawson
The story The Sentimentalists by Dale Collins

Skyscraper
A story by Dudley Murphy

The Valiant
Barry
The play The Valiant by Halworthy Hall & Robert Middlemass

A Woman of Affairs
Bess Meredyth
The novel The Green Hat by Michael Arlen

Wonder of Women
The novel Die Frau des Steffen Tromholt by Hermann Sudermann

tag: table

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

1929-30
(3rd)
[note 3]

The Big House
Frances Marion
– (original)

All Quiet on the Western Front
Maxwell Anderson (adaptation/dialogue), George Abbott (screenplay), Del Andrews (adaptation)
The novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque

Disraeli
Julien Josephson
The play Disraeli by Louis N. Parker

The Divorcee
John Meehan
The novel Ex-Wife by Ursula Parrott

Street of Chance
Howard Estabrook
A story by Oliver H. P. Garrett

1930-31
(4th)
[note 1]

Cimarron
Howard Estabrook
The novel Cimarron by Edna Ferber

The Criminal Code
Seton I. Miller & Fred Niblo Jr.
The play The Criminal Code by Martin Flavin

Holiday
Horace Jackson
The play Holiday by Philip Barry

Little Caesar
Francis Edward Faragoh (screen version/dialogue) & Robert N. Lee (continuity)
The novel Little Caesar by W. R. Burnett

Skippy
Joseph L. Mankiewicz & Sam Mintz
The comic strip Skippy by Percy Crosby

1931-32
(5th)
[note 1]

Bad Girl
Edwin J. Burke
The novel Bad Girl and Bad Girl (play) by Viña Delmar

Arrowsmith
Sidney Howard
The novel Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Percy Heath & Samuel Hoffenstein
The novel Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson

1932-33
(6th)
[note 1]

Little Women
Victor Heerman & Sarah Y. Mason
The novel Little Women by Louisa May Alcott

Lady for a Day
Robert Riskin
The story Madame la Gimp by Damon Runyon

State Fair
Paul Green & Sonya Levien
The novel State Fair by Phil Stong

1934
(7th)
[note 1]

It Happened One Night
Robert Riskin
The story Night Bus by Samuel Hopkins Adams

The Thin Man
Albert Hackett & Frances Goodrich
The novel The Thin Man by Dashiell Hammett

Viva Villa!
Ben Hecht
The book Viva Villa! by Edgecumb Pinchon and O. B. Stade

1935
(8th) [note 4]
[note 5]

The Informer
Dudley Nichols [note 6][3]
The novel The Informer by Liam O'Flaherty

The Lives of a Bengal Lancer
Waldemar Young, John L. Balderston & Achmed Abdullah (screenplay); Grover Jones & William Slavens McNutt (adaptation)
The novel The Lives of a Bengal Lancer by Francis Yeats-Brown

Mutiny on the Bounty
Talbot Jennings, Jules Furthman & Carey Wilson
The novel Mutiny on the Bounty by Charles Nordhoff & James Norman Hall

1936
(9th)

The Story of Louis Pasteur
Pierre Collings & Sheridan Gibney
(original)

After the Thin Man
Frances Goodrich & Albert Hackett
A story by Dashiell Hammett

Dodsworth
Sidney Howard
The play Dodsworth by Sidney Howard

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town
Robert Riskin
The story Opera Hat by Clarence Budington Kelland

My Man Godfrey
Morrie Ryskind & Eric S. Hatch
The story 1101 Park Avenue by Hatch

1937
(10th)

The Life of Emile Zola
Heinz Herald, Geza Herczeg & Norman Reilly Raine
The book Zola and His Time by Matthew Josephson

The Awful Truth
Viña Delmar
The play The Awful Truth by Arthur Richman

Captains Courageous
Marc Connelly, John Lee Mahin & Dale Van Every
The novel Captains Courageous by Rudyard Kipling

Stage Door
Morrie Ryskind & Anthony Veiller
The play Stage Door by Edna Ferber & George S. Kaufman

A Star Is Born
Dorothy Parker, Alan Campbell & Robert Carson
A story by William A. Wellman & Carson

1938
(11th)

Pygmalion
George Bernard Shaw (screenplay and dialogue); Ian Dalrymple, Cecil Arthur Lewis & W. P. Lipscomb (adaptation)
The play Pygmalion by Shaw

Boys Town
John Meehan & Dore Schary
A story by Schary & Eleanore Griffin

The Citadel
Ian Dalrymple, Frank Wead & Elizabeth Hill
The novel The Citadel by A. J. Cronin

Four Daughters
Lenore Coffee & Julius J. Epstein
The short story Sister Act by Fannie Hurst

You Can't Take It with You
Robert Riskin
The play You Can't Take It with You by George S. Kaufman & Moss Hart

1939
(12th)

Gone with the Wind
Sidney Howard (posthumously)
The novel Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell

Goodbye, Mr. Chips
R. C. Sherriff, Claudine West & Eric Maschwitz
The novel Goodbye, Mr. Chips by James Hilton

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
Sidney Buchman
A story by Lewis R. Foster

Ninotchka
Charles Brackett, Billy Wilder & Walter Reisch
A story by Melchior Lengyel

Wuthering Heights
Charles MacArthur & Ben Hecht
The novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

1940
(13th)

The Philadelphia Story
Donald Ogden Stewart
The play The Philadelphia Story by Philip Barry

The Grapes of Wrath
Nunnally Johnson
The novel The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

Kitty Foyle
Dalton Trumbo
The novel Kitty Foyle by Christopher Morley

The Long Voyage Home
Dudley Nichols
The short plays The Moon of the Caribees, In the Zone, Bound East for Cardiff & The Long Voyage Home by Eugene O'Neill

Rebecca
Robert E. Sherwood & Joan Harrison
The novel Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier

1941
(14th)

Here Comes Mr. Jordan
Sidney Buchman & Seton I. Miller
The play Heaven Can Wait by Harry Segall

Hold Back the Dawn
Charles Brackett & Billy Wilder
The story Memo to a Movie Producer by Ketti Frings

How Green Was My Valley
Philip Dunne
The novel How Green Was My Valley by Richard Llewellyn

The Little Foxes
Lillian Hellman
The play The Little Foxes by Hellman

The Maltese Falcon
John Huston
The novel The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett

1942
(15th)

Mrs. Miniver
George Froeschel, James Hilton, Claudine West & Arthur Wimperis
The character Mrs. Miniver from the newspaper columns by Jan Struther

The Invaders
Rodney Ackland & Emeric Pressburger
A story by Pressburger

The Pride of the Yankees
Herman J. Mankiewicz & Jo Swerling
A story by Paul Gallico

Random Harvest
Froeschel, West & Wimperis
The novel Random Harvest by Hilton

The Talk of the Town
Sidney Buchman & Irwin Shaw
A story by Sidney Harmon

1943
(16th)

Casablanca
Philip G. Epstein, Julius J. Epstein & Howard E. Koch
The play Everybody Comes to Rick's by Murray Burnett & Joan Alison

Holy Matrimony
Nunnally Johnson
The novel Buried Alive by Arnold Bennett

The More the Merrier
Richard Flournoy, Lewis R. Foster, Frank Ross & Robert W. Russell
A story by Ross & Russell

The Song of Bernadette
George Seaton
The novel The Song of Bernadette by Franz Werfel

Watch on the Rhine
Dashiell Hammett
The play Watch on the Rhine by Lillian Hellman

1944
(17th)

Going My Way
Frank Butler & Frank Cavett
A story by Leo McCarey

Double Indemnity
Billy Wilder & Raymond Chandler
The novel Double Indemnity in Three of a Kind by James M. Cain

Gaslight
John Van Druten, Walter Reisch & John L. Balderston
The play Angel Street by Patrick Hamilton

Laura
Jay Dratler, Samuel Hoffenstein & Betty Reinhardt
The novel Laura by Vera Caspary

Meet Me in St. Louis
Irving Brecher & Fred F. Finklehoffe
The novel Meet Me in St. Louis by Sally Benson

1945
(18th)
[4]

The Lost Weekend
Charles Brackett & Billy Wilder
The novel The Lost Weekend by Charles R. Jackson

G. I. Joe
Leopold Atlas, Guy Endore & Philip Stevenson
The books Brave Men & Here Is Your War by Ernie Pyle

Mildred Pierce
Ranald MacDougall
The novel Mildred Pierce by James M. Cain

Pride of the Marines
Albert Maltz
The book Al Schmid, Marine by Roger Butterfield

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Frank Davis & Tess Slesinger (posthumously)
The novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith

1946
(19th)

The Best Years of Our Lives
Robert E. Sherwood
The novel Glory for Me by MacKinlay Kantor

Anna and the King of Siam
Sally Benson & Talbot Jennings
The novel Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon

Brief Encounter
Anthony Havelock-Allan, David Lean & Ronald Neame
The play Still Life by Noël Coward

The Killers
Anthony Veiller
The short story The Killers by Ernest Hemingway

Rome, Open City
Sergio Amidei & Federico Fellini
A story by Amidei & Alberto Consiglio

1947
(20th)

Miracle on 34th Street
George Seaton
A story by Valentine Davies

Boomerang
Richard Murphy
The Reader's Digest article by Anthony Abbot

Crossfire
John Paxton
The novel The Brick Foxhole by Richard Brooks

Gentleman's Agreement
Moss Hart
The novel Gentleman's Agreement by Laura Z. Hobson

Great Expectations
David Lean, Ronald Neame & Anthony Havelock-Allan
The novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

1948
(21st)

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
John Huston
The novel The Treasure of the Sierra Madre by B. Traven

A Foreign Affair
Charles Brackett, Billy Wilder & Richard L. Breen
A story by David Shaw

Johnny Belinda
Irma von Cube & Allen Vincent
The play Johnny Belinda by Elmer Blaney Harris

The Search
Richard Schweizer & David Wechsler
– (original screenplay)

The Snake Pit
Frank Partos & Millen Brand
The novel The Snake Pit by Mary Jane Ward

1949
(22nd)

A Letter to Three Wives
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
The novel Letter to Five Wives by John Klempner

All the King's Men
Robert Rossen
The novel All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren

The Bicycle Thief
Cesare Zavattini
The novel Bicycle Thief by Luigi Bartolini

Champion
Carl Foreman
The short story Champion by Ring Lardner

The Fallen Idol
Graham Greene
The short story The Basement Room by Greene

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

1950
(23rd)

All About Eve
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
The short story The Wisdom of Eve by Mary Orr

The Asphalt Jungle
Ben Maddow & John Huston
The novel The Asphalt Jungle by W. R. Burnett

Born Yesterday
Albert Mannheimer
The play Born Yesterday by Garson Kanin

Broken Arrow
Albert Maltz [note 7]
The novel Blood Brother by Elliott Arnold

Father of the Bride
Frances Goodrich & Albert Hackett
The novel Father of the Bride by Edward Streeter

1951
(24th)

A Place in the Sun
Harry Brown & Michael Wilson
The novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser & play of the same name by Patrick Kearney

The African Queen
James Agee & John Huston
The novel The African Queen by C. S. Forester

Detective Story
Robert Wyler & Philip Yordan
The play Detective Story by Sidney Kingsley

La Ronde
Jacques Natanson & Max Ophüls
The play Reigen by Arthur Schnitzler

A Streetcar Named Desire
Tennessee Williams
The play A Streetcar Named Desire by Williams

1952
(25th)

The Bad and the Beautiful
Charles Schnee
The story Tribute to a Badman by George Bradshaw

5 Fingers
Michael Wilson
The novel Operation Cicero by Ludwig Carl Moyzisch

High Noon
Carl Foreman
The story The Tin Star by John W. Cunningham

The Man in the White Suit
John Dighton, Roger MacDougall & Alexander Mackendrick
The play The Man in the White Suit by Roger MacDougall

The Quiet Man
Frank Nugent
The story Green Rushes by Maurice Walsh

1953
(26th)

From Here to Eternity
Daniel Taradash
The novel From Here to Eternity by James Jones

The Cruel Sea
Eric Ambler
The novel The Cruel Sea by Nicholas Monsarrat

Lili
Helen Deutsch
The story Love of Seven Dolls by Paul Gallico

Roman Holiday
Ian McLellan Hunter & John Dighton
A story by Dalton Trumbo (front: Ian McLellan Hunter)

Shane
A. B. Guthrie Jr.
The novel Shane by Jack Schaefer

1954
(27th)

The Country Girl
George Seaton
The play The Country Girl by Clifford Odets

The Caine Mutiny
Stanley Roberts
The novel The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk

Rear Window
John Michael Hayes
The story It Had to Be Murder by Cornell Woolrich

Sabrina
Billy Wilder, Samuel A. Taylor & Ernest Lehman
The novel Sabrina Fair by Taylor

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers
Albert Hackett, Frances Goodrich & Dorothy Kingsley
The story The Sobbin' Women by Stephen Vincent Benét

1955
(28th)

Marty
Paddy Chayefsky
The teleplay Marty by Chayefsky

Bad Day at Black Rock
Millard Kaufman
The short story Bad Time at Honda by Howard Breslin

Blackboard Jungle
Richard Brooks
The novel Blackboard Jungle by Evan Hunter

East of Eden
Paul Osborn
The novel East of Eden by John Steinbeck

Love Me or Leave Me
Daniel Fuchs & Isobel Lennart
A story by Fuchs

1956
(29th)

Around the World in 80 Days
John Farrow, S. J. Perelman & James Poe
The novel Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne

Baby Doll
Tennessee Williams
The short plays 27 Wagons Full of Cotton & The Unsatisfactory Supper by Williams

Friendly Persuasion
Michael Wilson [note 8]
The novel The Friendly Persuasion by Jessamyn West

Giant
Fred Guiol and Ivan Moffat
The novel Giant by Edna Ferber

Lust for Life
Norman Corwin
The novel Lust for Life by Irving Stone

1957
(30th)

The Bridge on the River Kwai
Carl Foreman, Michael Wilson & Pierre Boulle [note 9]
The novel The Bridge over the River Kwai by Boulle

Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison
John Huston & John Lee Mahin
The novel Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison by Charles Shaw

Peyton Place
John Michael Hayes
The novel Peyton Place by Grace Metalious

Sayonara
Paul Osborn
The novel Sayonara by James A. Michener

12 Angry Men
Reginald Rose
The teleplay Twelve Angry Men by Rose

1958
(31st)

Gigi
Alan Jay Lerner
The novella Gigi by Colette

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Richard Brooks & James Poe
The play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams

The Horse's Mouth
Alec Guinness
The novel The Horse's Mouth by Joyce Cary

I Want to Live!
Nelson Gidding & Don Mankiewicz
Articles by Edward S. Montgomery & letters by Barbara Graham

Separate Tables
John Gay & Terence Rattigan
The play Separate Tables by Rattigan

1959
(32nd)

Room at the Top
Neil Paterson
The novel Room at the Top by John Braine

Anatomy of a Murder
Wendell Mayes
The novel Anatomy of a Murder by John D. Voelker

Ben-Hur
Karl Tunberg
The novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace

The Nun's Story
Robert Anderson
The novel The Nun's Story by Kathryn Hulme

Some Like It Hot
Billy Wilder & I. A. L. Diamond
A story suggested by Robert Thoeren & M. Logan

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

1960
(33rd)

Elmer Gantry
Richard Brooks
The novel Elmer Gantry by Sinclair Lewis

Inherit the Wind
Nedrick Young [note 10] & Harold Jacob Smith
The play Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence & Robert E. Lee

Sons and Lovers
Gavin Lambert & T. E. B. Clarke
The novel Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence

The Sundowners
Isobel Lennart
The novel The Sundowners by Jon Cleary

Tunes of Glory
James Kennaway
The novel Tunes of Glory by Kennaway

1961
(34th)

Judgment at Nuremberg
Abby Mann
The teleplay Judgment at Nuremberg by Mann

Breakfast at Tiffany's
George Axelrod
The novella Breakfast at Tiffany's by Truman Capote

The Guns of Navarone
Carl Foreman
The novel The Guns of Navarone by Alistair MacLean

The Hustler
Sidney Carroll & Robert Rossen
The novel The Hustler by Walter Tevis

West Side Story
Ernest Lehman
The play West Side Story, book by Arthur Laurents

1962
(35th)

To Kill a Mockingbird
Horton Foote
The novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

David and Lisa
Eleanor Perry
The story Lisa and David by Theodore Isaac Rubin

Lawrence of Arabia
Robert Bolt & Michael Wilson [note 11]
The writings of T. E. Lawrence

Lolita
Vladimir Nabokov
The novel Lolita by Nabokov

The Miracle Worker
William Gibson
The play The Miracle Worker by Gibson

1963
(36th)

Tom Jones
John Osborne
The novel The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding

Captain Newman, M.D.
Richard L. Breen, Henry Ephron & Phoebe Ephron
The novel Captain Newman, M.D. by Leo Rosten

Hud
Irving Ravetch & Harriet Frank Jr.
The novel Horseman, Pass By by Larry McMurtry

Lilies of the Field
James Poe
The novel Lilies of the Field by William Edmund Barrett

Sundays and Cybele
Serge Bourguignon (scenario/dialogue) & Antoine Tudal (scenario)
The novel Les Dimanches de Ville d'Avray by Bernard Eschassériaux

1964
(37th)

Becket
Edward Anhalt
The play Becket by Jean Anouilh

Dr. Strangelove
Stanley Kubrick, Terry Southern & Peter George
The novel Red Alert by George

Mary Poppins
Bill Walsh & Don DaGradi
The Mary Poppins series by P. L. Travers

My Fair Lady
Alan Jay Lerner
The musical My Fair Lady, book by Lerner

Zorba the Greek
Michael Cacoyannis
The novel The Life of Alexis Zorba by Nikos Kazantzakis

1965
(38th)

Doctor Zhivago
Robert Bolt
The novel Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak

Cat Ballou
Walter Newman & Frank Pierson
The novel The Ballad of Cat Ballou by Roy Chanslor

The Collector
Stanley Mann & John Kohn
The novel The Collector by John Fowles

Ship of Fools
Abby Mann
The novel Ship of Fools by Katherine Anne Porter

A Thousand Clowns
Herb Gardner
The play A Thousand Clowns by Gardner

1966
(39th)

A Man for All Seasons
Robert Bolt
The play A Man for All Seasons by Bolt

Alfie
Bill Naughton
The play Alfie by Naughton

The Professionals
Richard Brooks
The novel A Mule for the Marquesa by Frank O'Rourke

The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming
William Rose
The novel Off-Islanders by Nathaniel Benchley

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
Ernest Lehman
The play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? by Edward Albee

1967
(40th)

In the Heat of the Night
Stirling Silliphant
The novel In the Heat of the Night by John Ball

Cool Hand Luke
Donn Pearce & Frank Pierson
The novel Cool Hand Luke by Donn Pearce

The Graduate
Calder Willingham & Buck Henry
The novel The Graduate by Charles Webb

In Cold Blood
Richard Brooks
The novel In Cold Blood by Truman Capote

Ulysses
Joseph Strick & Fred Haines
The novel Ulysses by James Joyce

1968
(41st)

The Lion in Winter
James Goldman
The play The Lion in Winter by Goldman

The Odd Couple
Neil Simon
The play The Odd Couple by Simon

Oliver!
Vernon Harris
The musical Oliver!, book by Lionel Bart

Rachel, Rachel
Stewart Stern
The novel A Jest of God by Margaret Laurence

Rosemary's Baby
Roman Polanski
The novel Rosemary's Baby by Ira Levin

1969
(42nd)

Midnight Cowboy
Waldo Salt
The novel Midnight Cowboy by James Leo Herlihy

Anne of the Thousand Days
John Hale & Bridget Boland (screenplay); Richard Sokolove (adaptation)
The play Anne of the Thousand Days by Maxwell Anderson

Goodbye, Columbus
Arnold Schulman
The novel Goodbye, Columbus by Philip Roth

They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
James Poe and Robert E. Thompson
The novel They Shoot Horses, Don't They? by Horace McCoy

Z
Jorge Semprún & Costa-Gavras
The novel Z by Vassilis Vassilikos

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

1970
(43rd)

M*A*S*H
Ring Lardner Jr.
The novel MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors by Richard Hooker

Airport
George Seaton
The novel Airport by Arthur Hailey

I Never Sang for My Father
Robert Anderson
The play I Never Sang for My Father by Anderson

Lovers and Other Strangers
Joseph Bologna, David Zelag Goodman & Renée Taylor
The play Lovers and Other Strangers by Bologna & Taylor

Women in Love
Larry Kramer
The novel Women in Love by D. H. Lawrence

1971
(44th)

The French Connection
Ernest Tidyman
The book The French Connection: A True Account of Cops, Narcotics, and International Conspiracy by Robin Moore

A Clockwork Orange
Stanley Kubrick
The novel A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess

The Conformist
Bernardo Bertolucci
The novel Il Conformista by Alberto Moravia

The Garden of the Finzi-Continis
Ugo Pirro & Vittorio Bonicelli
The novel The Garden of the Finzi-Continis by Giorgio Bassani

The Last Picture Show
Larry McMurtry & Peter Bogdanovich
The novel The Last Picture Show by Larry McMurtry

1972
(45th)

The Godfather
Mario Puzo & Francis Ford Coppola
The novel The Godfather by Puzo

Cabaret
Jay Presson Allen
The musical Cabaret, book by Joe Masteroff

The Emigrants
Bengt Forslund & Jan Troell
The novels The Emigrants & Unto a Good Land by Vilhelm Moberg

Pete 'n' Tillie
Julius J. Epstein
The story Witch's Milk by Peter De Vries

Sounder
Lonne Elder III
The novel Sounder by William H. Armstrong

1973
(46th)

The Exorcist
William Peter Blatty
The novel The Exorcist by Blatty

The Last Detail
Robert Towne
The novel The Last Detail by Darryl Ponicsan

The Paper Chase
James Bridges
The novel The Paper Chase by John Jay Osborn, Jr.

Paper Moon
Alvin Sargent
The novel Addie Pray by Joe David Brown

Serpico
Waldo Salt & Norman Wexler
The book Serpico by Peter Maas

1974
(47th)

The Godfather Part II
Francis Ford Coppola & Mario Puzo
The novel The Godfather by Puzo

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz
Mordecai Richler (screenplay) & Lionel Chetwynd (adaptation)
The novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler

Lenny
Julian Barry
The play Lenny by Julian Barry

Murder on the Orient Express
Paul Dehn
The novel Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie

Young Frankenstein
Gene Wilder & Mel Brooks
The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

1975
(48th)

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Bo Goldman & Lawrence Hauben
The novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey

Barry Lyndon
Stanley Kubrick
The novel The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq. by William Makepeace Thackeray

The Man Who Would Be King
John Huston & Gladys Hill
The story The Man Who Would Be King by Rudyard Kipling

Profumo di donna
Ruggero Maccari & Dino Risi
The novel The Scent of a Woman by Giovanni Arpino

The Sunshine Boys
Neil Simon
The play The Sunshine Boys by Simon

1976
(49th)

All the President's Men
William Goldman
The book All the President's Men by Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward

Bound for Glory
Robert Getchell
The book Bound for Glory by Woody Guthrie

Fellini's Casanova
Federico Fellini & Bernardino Zapponi
The autobiography Histoire de ma vie by Giacomo Casanova

The Seven-Per-Cent Solution
Nicholas Meyer
The novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution by Nicholas Meyer

Voyage of the Damned
David Butler & Steve Shagan
The book Voyage of the Damned by Gordon Thomas & Max Morgan-Witts

1977
(50th)

Julia
Alvin Sargent
The novel Pentimento by Lillian Hellman

Equus
Peter Shaffer
The play Equus by Shaffer

I Never Promised You a Rose Garden
Gavin Lambert & Lewis John Carlino
The novel I Never Promised You a Rose Garden by Joanne Greenberg

Oh, God!
Larry Gelbart
The novel Oh, God! by Avery Corman

That Obscure Object of Desire
Luis Buñuel (scenario) & Jean-Claude Carrière (collaboration)
The novel The Woman and the Puppet by Pierre Louÿs

1978
(51st)

Midnight Express
Oliver Stone
The book Midnight Express by Billy Hayes & William Hoffer

Bloodbrothers
Walter Newman
The novel Bloodbrothers by Richard Price

California Suite
Neil Simon
The play California Suite by Simon

Heaven Can Wait
Elaine May & Warren Beatty
The play Heaven Can Wait by Harry Segall

Same Time, Next Year
Bernard Slade
The play Same Time, Next Year by Bernard Slade

1979
(52nd)

Kramer vs. Kramer
Robert Benton
The novel Kramer vs. Kramer by Avery Corman

Apocalypse Now
John Milius & Francis Ford Coppola
The novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

La Cage aux folles
Marcello Danon, Édouard Molinaro, Jean Poiret & Francis Veber
The play La Cage aux Folles by Poiret

A Little Romance
Allan Burns
The novel E=MC2 Mon Amour by Patrick Cauvin

Norma Rae
Harriet Frank Jr. & Irving Ravetch
The book Crystal Lee, a Woman of Inheritance by Hank Leiferman

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

1980
(53rd)

Ordinary People
Alvin Sargent
The novel Ordinary People by Judith Guest

Breaker Morant
Jonathan Hardy, David Stevens & Bruce Beresford
The play Breaker Morant by Kenneth G. Ross

Coal Miner's Daughter
Thomas Rickman
The book Coal Miner's Daughter by Loretta Lynn & George Vecsey

The Elephant Man
Christopher De Vore, Eric Bergren & David Lynch
The books The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences by Sir Frederick Treves & The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity by Ashley Montagu

The Stunt Man
Lawrence B. Marcus (screenplay) & Richard Rush (adaptation)
The novel The Stunt Man by Paul Brodeur

1981
(54th)

On Golden Pond
Ernest Thompson
The play On Golden Pond by Thompson

The French Lieutenant's Woman
Harold Pinter
The novel The French Lieutenant's Woman by John Fowles

Pennies from Heaven
Dennis Potter
The television miniseries Pennies from Heaven written by Potter

Prince of the City
Jay Presson Allen & Sidney Lumet
The book Prince of the City: The True Story of a Cop Who Knew Too Much by Robert Daley

Ragtime
Michael Weller
The novel Ragtime by E. L. Doctorow

1982
(55th)

Missing
Costa-Gavras & Donald E. Stewart
The book The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice by Thomas Hauser

Das Boot
Wolfgang Petersen
The novel Das Boot by Lothar-Günther Buchheim

Sophie's Choice
Alan J. Pakula
The novel Sophie's Choice by William Styron

The Verdict
David Mamet
The novel The Verdict by Barry Reed

Victor/Victoria
Blake Edwards
The film Viktor und Viktoria written by Reinhold Schünzel

1983
(56th)

Terms of Endearment
James L. Brooks
The novel Terms of Endearment by Larry McMurtry

Betrayal
Harold Pinter
The play Betrayal by Pinter

The Dresser
Ronald Harwood
The play The Dresser by Harwood

Educating Rita
Willy Russell
The play Educating Rita by Russell

Reuben, Reuben
Julius J. Epstein
The play Spofford by Herman Shumlin

1984
(57th)

Amadeus
Peter Shaffer
The play Amadeus by Shaffer

Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes
Robert Towne & Michael Austin [note 12][5]
The novel Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs

The Killing Fields
Bruce Robinson
The article The Death and Life of Dith Pran by Sydney Schanberg

A Passage to India
David Lean
The novel A Passage to India by E. M. Forster

A Soldier's Story
Charles Fuller
The play A Soldier's Play by Fuller

1985
(58th)

Out of Africa
Kurt Luedtke
The memoir Out of Africa by Karen Blixen & the books Silence Will Speak by Errol Trzebinski & Isak Dinesen: The Life of a Storyteller by Judith Thurman

The Color Purple
Menno Meyjes
The novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker

Kiss of the Spider Woman
Leonard Schrader
The novel Kiss of the Spider Woman by Manuel Puig

Prizzi's Honor
Richard Condon & Janet Roach
The novel Prizzi's Honor by Condon

The Trip to Bountiful
Horton Foote
The teleplay The Trip to Bountiful by Foote

1986
(59th)

A Room with a View
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
The novel A Room with a View by E. M. Forster

Children of a Lesser God
Hesper Anderson & Mark Medoff
The play Children of a Lesser God by Medoff

The Color of Money
Richard Price
The novel The Color of Money by Walter Tevis

Crimes of the Heart
Beth Henley
The play Crimes of the Heart by Henley

Stand by Me
Raynold Gideon & Bruce A. Evans
The novella The Body by Stephen King

1987
(60th)

The Last Emperor
Bernardo Bertolucci & Mark Peploe
The autobiography From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi by Puyi

The Dead
Tony Huston
The short story The Dead by James Joyce

Fatal Attraction
James Dearden
The teleplay Diversion by Dearden

Full Metal Jacket
Gustav Hasford, Michael Herr & Stanley Kubrick
The novel The Short-Timers by Hasford

My Life as a Dog
Brasse Brännström, Per Berglund, Lasse Hallström & Reidar Jönsson
The novel Mitt liv som hund by Jönsson

1988
(61st)

Dangerous Liaisons
Christopher Hampton
The play Les Liaisons Dangereuses by Hampton & the novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos

The Accidental Tourist
Frank Galati & Lawrence Kasdan
The novel The Accidental Tourist by Anne Tyler

Gorillas in the Mist
Anna Hamilton Phelan (story/screenplay) & Tab Murphy (story)
An article by Harold Hayes

Little Dorrit
Christine Edzard
The novel Little Dorrit by Charles Dickens

The Unbearable Lightness of Being
Jean-Claude Carrière & Philip Kaufman
The novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera

1989
(62nd)

Driving Miss Daisy
Alfred Uhry
The play Driving Miss Daisy by Uhry

Born on the Fourth of July
Ron Kovic & Oliver Stone
The book Born on the Fourth of July by Kovic

Enemies, A Love Story
Paul Mazursky & Roger L. Simon
The novel Enemies, a Love Story by Isaac Bashevis Singer

Field of Dreams
Phil Alden Robinson
The novel Shoeless Joe by W. P. Kinsella

My Left Foot
Shane Connaughton & Jim Sheridan
The book My Left Foot by Christy Brown

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

1990
(63rd)

Dances with Wolves
Michael Blake
The novel Dances with Wolves by Blake

Awakenings
Steven Zaillian
The book Awakenings by Oliver Sacks

Goodfellas
Nicholas Pileggi & Martin Scorsese
The book Wiseguy by Pileggi

The Grifters
Donald E. Westlake
The novel The Grifters by Jim Thompson

Reversal of Fortune
Nicholas Kazan
The book Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case by Alan Dershowitz

1991
(64th)

The Silence of the Lambs
Ted Tally
The novel The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris

Europa Europa
Agnieszka Holland
The book I Was Hitler Youth Salomon by Solomon Perel

Fried Green Tomatoes
Fannie Flagg & Carol Sobieski (posthumously)
The novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Flagg

JFK
Oliver Stone & Zachary Sklar
The books Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy by Jim Marrs & On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison

The Prince of Tides
Pat Conroy & Becky Johnston
The novel The Prince of Tides by Conroy

1992
(65th)

Howards End
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
The novel Howards End by E. M. Forster

Enchanted April
Peter Barnes
The novel The Enchanted April by Elizabeth von Arnim

The Player
Michael Tolkin
The novel The Player by Tolkin

A River Runs Through It
Richard Friedenberg
The short story A River Runs Through It by Norman Maclean

Scent of a Woman
Bo Goldman
The novel Il Buio E Il Miele by Giovanni Arpino & the film Profumo di Donna written by Ruggero Maccari and Dino Risi

1993
(66th)

Schindler's List
Steven Zaillian
The novel Schindler's Ark by Thomas Keneally

The Age of Innocence
Jay Cocks & Martin Scorsese
The novel The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton

In the Name of the Father
Terry George & Jim Sheridan
The book Proved Innocent by Gerry Conlon

The Remains of the Day
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
The novel The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro

Shadowlands
William Nicholson
The play Shadowlands by Nicholson

1994
(67th)

Forrest Gump
Eric Roth
The novel Forrest Gump by Winston Groom

The Madness of King George
Alan Bennett
The play The Madness of George III by Bennett

Nobody's Fool
Robert Benton
The novel Nobody's Fool by Richard Russo

Quiz Show
Paul Attanasio
The book Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties by Richard N. Goodwin

The Shawshank Redemption
Frank Darabont
The short story Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Stephen King

1995
(68th)

Sense and Sensibility
Emma Thompson
The novel Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen

Apollo 13
William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert
The book Lost Moon by Jim Lovell & Jeffrey Kluger

Babe
George Miller & Chris Noonan
The novel The Sheep-Pig by Dick King-Smith

Leaving Las Vegas
Mike Figgis
The novel Leaving Las Vegas by John O'Brien

Il Postino
Anna Pavignano, Michael Radford & Massimo Troisi (posthumously) (screenplay) ; Furio Scarpelli & Giacomo Scarpelli (story/screenplay)
The novel Ardiente Paciencia by Antonio Skármeta

1996
(69th)

Sling Blade
Billy Bob Thornton
The short film Some Folks Call It a Sling Blade written by Thornton

The Crucible
Arthur Miller
The play The Crucible by Miller

The English Patient
Anthony Minghella
The novel The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje

Hamlet
Kenneth Branagh
The play Hamlet by William Shakespeare

Trainspotting
John Hodge
The novel Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh

1997
(70th)

L.A. Confidential
Curtis Hanson & Brian Helgeland
The novel L.A. Confidential by James Ellroy

Donnie Brasco
Paul Attanasio
The book Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia by Joseph D. Pistone & Richard Woodley

The Sweet Hereafter
Atom Egoyan
The novel The Sweet Hereafter by Russell Banks

Wag the Dog
Hilary Henkin & David Mamet
The novel American Hero by Larry Beinhart

The Wings of the Dove
Hossein Amini
The novel The Wings of the Dove by Henry James

1998
(71st)

Gods and Monsters
Bill Condon
The novel Father of Frankenstein by Christopher Bram

Out of Sight
Scott Frank
The novel Out of Sight by Elmore Leonard

Primary Colors
Elaine May
The novel Primary Colors by Joe Klein

A Simple Plan
Scott Smith
The novel A Simple Plan by Smith

The Thin Red Line
Terrence Malick
The novel The Thin Red Line by James Jones

1999
(72nd)

The Cider House Rules
John Irving
The novel The Cider House Rules by Irving

Election
Alexander Payne & Jim Taylor
The novel Election by Tom Perrotta

The Green Mile
Frank Darabont
The novel The Green Mile by Stephen King

The Insider
Michael Mann & Eric Roth
The article The Man Who Knew Too Much by Marie Brenner

The Talented Mr. Ripley
Anthony Minghella
The novel The Talented Mr. Ripley by Patricia Highsmith

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

2000
(73rd)

Traffic
Stephen Gaghan
The teleplay Traffik by Simon Moore

Chocolat
Robert Nelson Jacobs
The novel Chocolat by Joanne Harris

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Wang Hui-ling, James Schamus Kuo Jung Tsai
The novel Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon by Wang Dulu

O Brother, Where Art Thou?
Coen brothers
The epic poem The Odyssey by Homer

Wonder Boys
Steve Kloves
The book Wonder Boys by Michael Chabon

2001
(74th)

A Beautiful Mind
Akiva Goldsman
The book A Beautiful Mind by Sylvia Nasar

Ghost World
Daniel Clowes & Terry Zwigoff
The graphic novel Ghost World by Daniel Clowes

In the Bedroom
Todd Field & Rob Festinger
The short story Killings by Andre Dubus

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens & Peter Jackson
The novel The Fellowship of the Ring by J. R. R. Tolkien

Shrek
Ted Elliott, Terry Rossio, Joe Stillman & Roger S. H. Schulman
The picture book Shrek! by William Steig

2002
(75th)

The Pianist
Ronald Harwood
The memoir The Pianist by Władysław Szpilman

About a Boy
Peter Hedges, Chris Weitz & Paul Weitz
The novel About a Boy by Nick Hornby

Adaptation
Charlie Kaufman & Donald Kaufman [note 13][5]
The book The Orchid Thief by Susan Orlean

Chicago
Bill Condon
The musical play Chicago, book by Bob Fosse & Fred Ebb

The Hours
David Hare
The novel The Hours by Michael Cunningham

2003
(76th)

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens & Peter Jackson
The novel The Return of the King by J. R. R. Tolkien

American Splendor
Shari Springer Berman and Robert Pulcini
The comic book series American Splendor by Harvey Pekar & Our Cancer Year by Joyce Brabner

City of God
Bráulio Mantovani
The novel City of God by Paulo Lins

Mystic River
Brian Helgeland
The novel Mystic River by Dennis Lehane

Seabiscuit
Gary Ross
The book Seabiscuit: An American Legend by Laura Hillenbrand

2004
(77th)

Sideways
Alexander Payne & Jim Taylor
The novel Sideways by Rex Pickett

Before Sunset
Richard Linklater (story/screenplay); Kim Krizan (story); Julie Delpy & Ethan Hawke (screenplay)
Characters from the film Before Sunrise created by Linklater & Krizan

Finding Neverland
David Magee
The play The Man Who Was Peter Pan by Allan Knee

Million Dollar Baby
Paul Haggis
The book Rope Burns: Stories from the Corner by F.X. Toole

The Motorcycle Diaries
José Rivera
The books Con el Che por America Latina by Alberto Granado & The Motorcycle Diaries by Che Guevara

2005
(78th)

Brokeback Mountain
Larry McMurtry & Diana Ossana
The short story Brokeback Mountain by Annie Proulx

Capote
Dan Futterman
The book Capote by Gerald Clarke

The Constant Gardener
Jeffrey Caine
The novel The Constant Gardener by John le Carré

A History of Violence
Josh Olson
The graphic novel A History of Violence by John Wagner & Vince Locke

Munich
Tony Kushner & Eric Roth
The book Vengeance by George Jonas

2006
(79th)

The Departed
William Monahan
The film Infernal Affairs written by Alan Mak & Felix Chong

Borat
Sacha Baron Cohen, Peter Baynham & Anthony Hines (story/screenplay); Dan Mazer (screenplay); Todd Phillips (story)
The character Borat Sagdiyev, from the television series Da Ali G Show created by Baron Cohen

Children of Men
Alfonso Cuarón, Timothy J. Sexton, David Arata, Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby
The novel The Children of Men by P. D. James

Little Children
Todd Field & Tom Perrotta
The novel Little Children by Perrotta

Notes on a Scandal
Patrick Marber
The novel Notes on a Scandal by Zoë Heller

2007
(80th)

No Country for Old Men
Coen brothers
The novel No Country for Old Men by Cormac McCarthy

Atonement
Christopher Hampton
The novel Atonement by Ian McEwan

Away from Her
Sarah Polley
The short story "The Bear Went Over the Mountain" by Alice Munro

The Diving Bell and the Butterfly
Ronald Harwood
The book The Diving Bell and the Butterfly by Jean-Dominique Bauby

There Will Be Blood
Paul Thomas Anderson
The novel Oil! by Upton Sinclair

2008
(81st)

Slumdog Millionaire
Simon Beaufoy
The novel Q & A by Vikas Swarup

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Eric Roth (story/screenplay) & Robin Swicord (story)
The short story "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" by F. Scott Fitzgerald

Doubt
John Patrick Shanley
The play Doubt: A Parable by Shanley

Frost/Nixon
Peter Morgan
The play Frost/Nixon by Morgan

The Reader
David Hare
The novel The Reader by Bernhard Schlink

2009
(82nd)

Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire
Geoffrey S. Fletcher
The novel Push by Sapphire

District 9
Neill Blomkamp
Terri Tatchell
The short film Alive in Joburg written by Blomkamp

An Education
Nick Hornby
The book An Education by Lynn Barber

In the Loop
Jesse Armstrong, Simon Blackwell, Armando Iannucci & Tony Roche
The character Malcolm Tucker, from the television series The Thick of It created by Armando Iannucci

Up in the Air
Jason Reitman & Sheldon Turner
The novel Up in the Air by Walter Kirn

text:
Year
Film
Nominees
Source Material

2010
(83rd)

The Social Network
Aaron Sorkin
The book The Accidental Billionaires by Ben Mezrich

127 Hours
Danny Boyle & Simon Beaufoy
The book Between a Rock and a Hard Place by Aron Ralston

Toy Story 3
Michael Arndt (screenplay); John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton & Lee Unkrich (story)
Characters from the films Toy Story and Toy Story 2 created by Lasseter, Pete Docter, Stanton, et al.

True Grit
Joel Coen & Ethan Coen
The novel True Grit by Charles Portis

Winter's Bone
Debra Granik & Anne Rosellini
The novel Winter's Bone by Daniel Woodrell

2011
(84th)

The Descendants
Alexander Payne, Nat Faxon & Jim Rash
The novel The Descendants by Kaui Hart Hemmings

Hugo
John Logan
The novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick

The Ides of March
George Clooney, Grant Heslov & Beau Willimon
The play Farragut North by Willimon

Moneyball
Steven Zaillian & Aaron Sorkin (screenplay); Stan Chervin (story)
The book Moneyball by Michael Lewis

Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy
Bridget O'Connor (posthumously) & Peter Straughan
The novel Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy by John le Carré

2012
(85th)

Argo
Chris Terrio
The book The Master of Disguise by Tony Mendez & the article The Great Escape by Joshuah Bearman

Beasts of the Southern Wild
Lucy Alibar & Benh Zeitlin
The play Juicy and Delicious by Alibar

Life of Pi
David Magee
The novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel

Lincoln
Tony Kushner
The book Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin

Silver Linings Playbook
David O. Russell
The novel The Silver Linings Playbook by Matthew Quick

2013
(86th)

12 Years a Slave
John Ridley
The memoir Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup

Before Midnight
Richard Linklater, Julie Delpy & Ethan Hawke
Characters from the film Before Sunrise created by Linklater & Kim Krizan

Captain Phillips
Billy Ray
The book A Captain's Duty by Richard Phillips & Stephan Talty

Philomena
Steve Coogan & Jeff Pope
The book The Lost Child of Philomena Lee by Martin Sixsmith

The Wolf of Wall Street
Terence Winter
The memoir The Wolf of Wall Street by Jordan Belfort

2014
(87th)

The Imitation Game
Graham Moore
The book Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges

American Sniper
Jason Hall
The autobiography American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History by Chris Kyle, Scott McEwan & Jim DeFelice

Inherent Vice
Paul Thomas Anderson
The novel Inherent Vice by Thomas Pynchon

The Theory of Everything
Anthony McCarten
The book Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen Hawking by Jane Hawking

Whiplash
Damien Chazelle
The short film Whiplash written by Chazelle

2015
(88th)

The Big Short
Adam McKay & Charles Randolph
The book The Big Short by Michael Lewis

Brooklyn
Nick Hornby
The novel Brooklyn by Colm Tóibín

Carol
Phyllis Nagy
The novel The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith

The Martian
Drew Goddard
The novel The Martian by Andy Weir

Room
Emma Donoghue
The novel Room by Donoghue

2016
(89th)
[6]

Moonlight
Barry Jenkins (screenplay) & Tarell Alvin McCraney (story)
The play In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue by McCraney

Arrival
Eric Heisserer
The short story Story of Your Life by Ted Chiang

Fences
August Wilson (posthumously)
The play Fences by Wilson

Hidden Figures
Theodore Melfi & Allison Schroeder
The book Hidden Figures by Margot Lee Shetterly

Lion
Luke Davies
The memoir A Long Way Home by Saroo Brierley & Larry Buttrose

2017
(90th)
[7]

Call Me by Your Name
James Ivory
The novel Call Me by Your Name by André Aciman

The Disaster Artist
Scott Neustadter & Michael H. Weber
The book The Disaster Artist by Greg Sestero & Tom Bissell

Logan
Scott Frank, James Mangold (screenplay and story) & Michael Green
Characters from the X-Men comic books & theatrical motion pictures

Molly's Game
Aaron Sorkin
The memoir Molly's Game by Molly Bloom

Mudbound
Virgil Williams & Dee Rees
The novel Mudbound by Hillary Jordan

text: Age superlatives[edit]

text:
Record
Writer
Film
Age (in years)
Ref.

Oldest winner
James Ivory
Call Me by Your Name
89

Oldest nominee
[8]

Youngest winner
Ernest Thompson
On Golden Pond
32

Youngest nominee