document_title: Climate of Florida

question_text: when does it rain the most in florida

question_tokens: when does it rain the most in florida

text: Climate of Florida

text: Pressure[edit]

text: The low pressure measured from an extratropical cyclone was 28.84 inches/976.7 hPa during the Storm of the Century (1993).[2] From a tropical cyclone, the lowest pressure measured was 26.35 inches/892 hPa in the Florida Keys during the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935.[3] The highest known pressure measured statewide was 30.74 inches/1041.1 hPa in Tallahassee on February 5, 1996 and January 4, 1979.[2]

text: Wind[edit]

text: Over the winter prevailing winds are out of the north across the panhandle south to near Orlando, but are variable in the rest of the state. The summer season sees generally east and southeast winds across the peninsula. During the summer months, the average wind pattern implies a surface ridge axis which normally lies across central Florida, with easterly winds from Tampa southward and southwest winds across northern Florida. The peak wind gust during the 1930 through 1997 period was 115 mph (100 knots) at Miami International Airport during Hurricane Andrew.[4]

text: African dust outbreaks[edit]

text: In July the trade winds south of the northward-moving subtropical ridge expand northwestward into Florida. On occasion, dust from the Sahara moving around the southern periphery of the ridge moves into the state, suppressing rainfall and changing the sky from a blue to a white appearance and leads to an increase in red sunsets. Its presence negatively impacts air quality across the Southeastern United States during the summer, by adding to the count of airborne particulates. This is in sharp contrast to the normally clean air over Florida and the southeastern USA, which on average is the cleanest air in the USA.[5] Over 50% of the African dust that reaches the United States affects Florida.[6] Since 1970, dust outbreaks have worsened due to periods of drought in Africa. There is a large variability in the dust transport to the Caribbean and Florida from year to year.[7] Dust events are possibly linked to a decline in the health of coral reefs across the Caribbean and Florida, primarily since the 1970s.[8]

text: Winter[edit]

text: On average, Florida has the mildest winters in the Continental United States. Average lows range from 65 °F (18 °C) in Key West to near 41 °F (5 °C) degrees Fahrenheit at Tallahassee, while daytime highs range from 64 °F (18 °C) at Tallahassee to 77 °F (25 °C) at Miami.[9][10] Predominant tropical easterly winds across central and southern Florida keep temperatures warm during the winter. Occasional strong cold fronts move southward down the peninsula with freezing or near freezing temperatures on a few nights into inland areas of central Florida every few years. A few times each decade Miami might see a winter night fall below 45 F. El Niño winters tend to be cooler due to increased cloud cover, but tend to have fewer freezes.[11]

text: Four hardiness zones exist. USDA zone 11b is found in Key West and the Florida Keys where average extreme lows range from 40 to 50 °F (4 to 10 °C). Zone 10 is found in coastal South Florida where annual extreme low temperatures range from 30 to 40 °F (−1 to 4 °C). Next is zone 9, where low temperatures range from 20 to 30 °F (−7 to −1 °C). The coolest, zone 8, is located in northernwestern Florida from roughly Gainesville and northwest including Tallahassee. Low temperatures range from 10 to 20 °F (−12 to −7 °C).[12]

text: Florida has experienced 12 major freezes. This includes four "impact" freezes, sufficiently severe to kill entire groves of citrus trees, resulting in a noticeable economic effect on citrus growers, prompting them to t groves further south in the state. These impact freezes are indicated by asterisks in the following: Great Freeze of 1894-5*, February 13-14, 1899, February 2-6, 1917, December 12-13, 1934, January 1940, December 12-13, 1957, December 12-13, 1962*, January 18-20, 1977, January 12-14, 1981, December 24-25, 1983*, January 20-22, 1985, and December 22-26, 1989*.[13]

text: Summer[edit]

text: During the summer, minima range from near 70 °F (21 °C) in northern Florida to near 80 °F (27 °C) in the Keys. High temperatures during the summer average in the lower 90s Fahrenheit statewide.[14] Relief from the heat during the summer comes in the form of afternoon and evening thunderstorm activity, late morning and afternoon sea breezes off the relatively cooler ocean, and during the passage of a tropical cyclone. The passage of a cold front through the state is rare during the warm season. The record high temperature for the state is 109 °F (43 °C) at Monticello in 1931.[2]

text: Fog[edit]

text: Like the remainder of the Southeastern United States, Florida has a winter maximum in dense fog conditions. Unlike the remainder of the region, the maximum in Florida contains roughly half of the annual occurrences per year, on average. Its summer minimum is less than the remainder of the Southeast. The annual number of heavy fog days (with visibility of .25 miles (0.40 km) or less) has ranged from 50 in Tallahassee, to 1 in Key West, the least foggy region in the state. The two types of fog that are most common in Florida are advection and radiational. Fog can be hazardous to early morning commuters. On January 9, 2008, when fog on Interstate 4 combined with smoke from a nearby fire, visibility was reduced to nearly zero. As a result, five individuals died in a 70-car pileup.[15][16]

text: Precipitation[edit]

text: Averages[edit]

text: Statewide, the highest rainfall amounts occur during the summer months. In northern Florida, there is a weak winter secondary maximum while statewide the driest months of the year are during the spring.[14] During El Niño, Florida sees greater rainfall between November and March.[11] Due to the lack of the secondary maximum across the peninsula, a distinct dry season is seen in the averages from winter through spring. This dry season provokes brush fires annually as temperatures rise during the late spring, before they fade during early June as the rainy season gets underway.

text: Extremes[edit]

text: The heaviest rainfall to occur in 24 hours was measured in Yankeetown during Hurricane Easy (1950), 38.70 inches (98.3 cm). This is also the highest known point storm total maximum related to any tropical cyclone which has impacted Florida,[17] and by itself would be the highest known rainfall total for any month from any location within Florida. This rainfall amount remained the national 24-hour rainfall record until Tropical Storm Claudette (1979).[18] Heavy rainfall events have fallen due to stalled fronts near the state as well, and occur during the March through May and October through November timeframe.

text: The wettest month recorded at a Florida climate station was during May 1891 when Gainesville, Florida received 30.90 inches (78.5 cm).[19] The wettest year on record for a Florida climate station was during 1879 when 127.24 inches (323.2 cm) fell at Pensacola, Florida.[20] The driest year for a climate station statewide was during 1974 when only 19.99 inches (50.8 cm) fell at Key West.[21]

text: One of the worst years for wildfires was in 1998, at the end of an El Nino cycle. 480 wildfires consumed 500,000 acres (2,000 km2) statewide.[22] In 2010, the National Weather Service issued more fire alerts in Florida than anywhere else in the nation.[23]

text: A statewide drought began in November 2005, one month after Hurricane Wilma's passage through the state, and persisted until 2009.[24] The previous significant drought occurred in 2000, which was the state's driest year on record.[25]

text: Snowfall[edit]

text: Snowfall is rare in Florida. The earliest recorded occurrence of snow or sleet occurred in 1774 in the far northern portion of the state.[26] The latest occurrence of snow or sleet in the spring fell on January 7, 8, and 9, 2010, as a cold front brought scattered snow flurries in the northern and central portions of the state.[27]

text: The state record for snowfall is 5 inches (13 cm), set in northern Florida during January 1800, though some debate exists about the accuracy.[28] The earliest in the season that frozen precipitation has fallen was during the Late November 2006 Nor'easter on November 21 across central Florida.[29] The latest in the season that snow or sleet has fallen was on April 8, 2007. Snow flurries has been recorded in the air as far south as Homestead, during a January 19, 1977 event. [30]

text: Thunderstorms[edit]

text: Florida reports more thunderstorms than any other US state. Some places report in excess of 90 thunderstorm days per year, making Florida one of the most thundery regions outside of the tropics. Florida receives the highest density of lightning strikes within the United States. Several deaths per year are blamed on lightning, making lightning one of the deadliest weather-related phenomenon in the state. However, since 1992, the number of lightning deaths has been slowly dropping despite a rising population, suggesting that lightning awareness programs are effective. The most likely targets of lightning strikes are construction workers and others who work outside, though 12 percent of the cases occurred indoors to people using electronic devices. Severe thunderstorms can sometimes produce hail, very strong straight line winds and tornadoes. Very heavy rainfall from thunderstorms can result in flash flooding. Thunderstorms occur most often during the summer but can occur at any time of the year.[31]

text: Tornadoes[edit]

text: There are more tornadoes per square mile in Florida than any other state.[32][33] However, these tornadoes tend to be much weaker and short-lived than in other states like the Midwest or Great Plains. Strong tornadoes do occasionally form in Florida, usually in conjunctions with a cold frontal passage in the winter or spring. A total of 42 people died in February 1998 from the deadliest such tornado outbreak in Central Florida, which occurred during the nighttime hours.[34]

text: While tornadoes in the Midwest are more severe, a higher rate of deaths are experienced in Florida, and Brevard County, specifically, due to higher population density and quantity of manufactured homes.[35]

text: Tropical cyclones[edit]

text: The earliest in the year a tropical cyclone has struck the sunshine state was the Groundhog Day Tropical Storm in 1952. The latest impact was from a hurricane which struck near Tampa on December 1, 1925. The strongest hurricane to strike Florida was the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. Hurricane Easy in 1950 produced the wettest known point total from any tropical cyclone.[17] The record number of hurricane strikes on the state in one season is four in 2004.[36] Hurricanes typically spawn tornadoes within their northeast quadrant.[37]

text: Tropical cyclones have affected Florida in every month of the year but March. Nearly one-third of the cyclones affected the state in September, and nearly three-fourths of the storms affected the state between August and October, which coincides with the peak of the hurricane season. Portions of the coastline have the lowest return period, or the frequency at which a certain intensity or category of hurricane can be expected within 86 mi (139 km) of a given location, in the country. Monroe County was struck by 26 hurricanes since 1926, which is the greatest total for any county in the United States.[38]

text: Effect of climate cycles[edit]

text: El Niño has the following effects on Florida climate: above average rainfall in the spring.[22] This is followed by wildfire threat when rain dries up. Northern Florida is more susceptible to severe weather; below normal temperatures, increased number of low pressure systems in the Gulf of Mexico during the winter, and "almost always" reduces the frequency of storms and hurricanes.[39]

text: La Niña has the following effects: often dry conditions prevail in late fall, winter and early spring, increased risk of wildfires in spring and summer months, the temperatures average slightly above normal, and the chance of hurricane activity increases substantially.[39]

text: Long term forecasts are made based on these effects. However, they are easily overridden, in winter, by the Arctic oscillation and North Atlantic oscillations, which can only be predicted about two weeks in advance.[40] These can drop the temperature noticeably from seasonal norms.

text: Climates of selected Florida cities[edit]

text: The climate regime for much of the state is humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa), though portions of the Gold Coast of southeast Florida, as well as all of the Florida Keys, qualify as tropical wet-and-dry (Köppen Aw).

text: A narrow eastern part of the state including Orlando and Jacksonville receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually.[41]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Pensacola, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
61.2
(16.2)
64.4
(18)
70.2
(21.2)
76.2
(24.6)
83.4
(28.6)
89.0
(31.7)
90.7
(32.6)
90.1
(32.3)
87.0
(30.6)
79.3
(26.3)
70.3
(21.3)
63.4
(17.4)
77.1
(25.1)

Average low °F (°C)
42.7
(5.9)
45.4
(7.4)
51.7
(10.9)
57.6
(14.2)
65.8
(18.8)
72.1
(22.3)
74.5
(23.6)
74.2
(23.4)
70.4
(21.3)
59.6
(15.3)
51.1
(10.6)
44.7
(7.1)
59.2
(15.1)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
5.34
(135.6)
4.68
(118.9)
6.40
(162.6)
3.89
(98.8)
4.40
(111.8)
6.39
(162.3)
8.02
(203.7)
6.85
(174)
5.75
(146)
4.13
(104.9)
4.46
(113.3)
3.97
(100.8)
64.28
(1,632.7)

Source: NOAA
[42]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Tallahassee, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
63.9
(17.7)
66.9
(19.4)
73.3
(22.9)
80.0
(26.7)
86.6
(30.3)
90.6
(32.6)
91.5
(33.1)
91.1
(32.8)
88.2
(31.2)
81.0
(27.2)
72.3
(22.4)
65.5
(18.6)
79.2
(26.2)

Average low °F (°C)
39.8
(4.3)
41.8
(5.4)
47.4
(8.6)
53.2
(11.8)
61.9
(16.6)
69.2
(20.7)
71.7
(22.1)
71.8
(22.1)
68.5
(20.3)
57.1
(13.9)
46.8
(8.2)
41.2
(5.1)
55.9
(13.3)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
4.37
(111)
4.86
(123.4)
5.72
(145.3)
3.74
(95)
4.27
(108.5)
7.11
(180.6)
8.27
(210.1)
7.33
(186.2)
5.43
(137.9)
3.17
(80.5)
3.34
(84.8)
4.18
(106.2)
61.79
(1,569.5)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[43]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Jacksonville, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
65.1
(18.4)
67.8
(19.9)
73.6
(23.1)
79.7
(26.5)
85.8
(29.9)
89.8
(32.1)
91.9
(33.3)
90.8
(32.7)
87.1
(30.6)
80.3
(26.8)
73.0
(22.8)
66.5
(19.2)
79.3
(26.3)

Average low °F (°C)
42.5
(5.8)
44.9
(7.2)
50.2
(10.1)
55.9
(13.3)
63.7
(17.6)
70.2
(21.2)
72.8
(22.7)
72.7
(22.6)
70.1
(21.2)
60.8
(16)
50.7
(10.4)
44.0
(6.7)
58.2
(14.6)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
3.03
(77)
3.42
(86.9)
3.72
(94.5)
2.82
(71.6)
3.40
(86.4)
5.99
(152.1)
6.57
(166.9)
7.23
(183.6)
7.83
(198.9)
3.92
(99.6)
1.90
(48.3)
2.61
(66.3)
62.44
(1,586)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[44]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Orlando, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
71.8
(22.1)
73.9
(23.3)
78.8
(26)
83.0
(28.3)
88.2
(31.2)
91.0
(32.8)
92.2
(33.4)
92.0
(33.3)
90.3
(32.4)
85.0
(29.4)
78.9
(26.1)
73.3
(22.9)
83.2
(28.4)

Average low °F (°C)
49.9
(9.9)
51.3
(10.7)
55.9
(13.3)
59.9
(15.5)
65.9
(18.8)
71.3
(21.8)
72.6
(22.6)
73.0
(22.8)
71.9
(22.2)
65.5
(18.6)
58.7
(14.8)
52.6
(11.4)
62.4
(16.9)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
2.43
(61.7)
2.35
(59.7)
3.54
(89.9)
2.42
(61.5)
3.74
(95)
7.35
(186.7)
7.15
(181.6)
6.25
(158.8)
5.76
(146.3)
2.73
(69.3)
2.32
(58.9)
2.31
(58.7)
48.35
(1,228.1)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[45]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Tampa, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
70.1
(21.2)
71.6
(22)
76.3
(24.6)
80.6
(27)
86.3
(30.2)
88.9
(31.6)
89.7
(32.1)
90.0
(32.2)
89.0
(31.7)
84.1
(28.9)
78.0
(25.6)
72.0
(22.2)
81.4
(27.4)

Average low °F (°C)
52.4
(11.3)
53.8
(12.1)
58.5
(14.7)
62.4
(16.9)
68.9
(20.5)
74.0
(23.3)
75.3
(24.1)
75.4
(24.1)
74.3
(23.5)
67.6
(19.8)
60.7
(15.9)
54.7
(12.6)
64.8
(18.2)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
2.27
(57.7)
2.67
(67.8)
2.84
(72.1)
1.80
(45.7)
2.85
(72.4)
5.50
(139.7)
6.49
(164.8)
7.60
(193)
6.54
(166.1)
2.29
(58.2)
1.62
(41.1)
2.30
(58.4)
44.77
(1,137.2)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[46]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Miami, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
75.7
(24.3)
77.0
(25)
79.7
(26.5)
82.7
(28.2)
85.9
(29.9)
88.3
(31.3)
89.6
(32)
89.9
(32.2)
88.4
(31.3)
85.1
(29.5)
80.6
(27)
76.9
(24.9)
83.3
(28.5)

Average low °F (°C)
59.6
(15.3)
60.9
(16.1)
64.3
(17.9)
68.1
(20.1)
72.2
(22.3)
75.1
(23.9)
76.5
(24.7)
76.8
(24.9)
75.9
(24.4)
72.4
(22.4)
67.7
(19.8)
61.8
(16.6)
69.2
(20.7)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
1.80
(45.7)
2.12
(53.8)
2.49
(63.2)
3.20
(81.3)
5.91
(150.1)
9.33
(237)
6.24
(158.5)
7.97
(202.4)
9.11
(231.4)
6.95
(176.5)
2.92
(74.2)
1.95
(49.5)
59.97
(1,523.2)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[47]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Key West, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
74.7
(23.7)
75.7
(24.3)
78.7
(25.9)
81.7
(27.6)
85.2
(29.6)
88.0
(31.1)
89.4
(31.9)
89.6
(32)
88.2
(31.2)
84.7
(29.3)
80.0
(26.7)
76.1
(24.5)
82.7
(28.2)

Average low °F (°C)
64.7
(18.2)
65.6
(18.7)
68.7
(20.4)
72.0
(22.2)
75.7
(24.3)
78.4
(25.8)
79.6
(26.4)
79.4
(26.3)
78.4
(25.8)
75.7
(24.3)
71.2
(21.8)
66.6
(19.2)
73.0
(22.8)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
1.96
(49.8)
1.60
(40.6)
1.66
(42.2)
1.82
(46.2)
3.07
(78)
4.61
(117.1)
3.69
(93.7)
5.30
(134.6)
6.55
(166.4)
5.02
(127.5)
2.49
(63.2)
2.04
(51.8)
39.83
(1,011.7)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[48]


document_title: A Horse with No Name

question_text: what do the lyrics horse with no name mean

root

text: A Horse with No Name

text: Development[edit]

text: America's self-titled debut album was released initially in Europe, without "A Horse with No Name," and achieved only moderate success. Originally called "Desert Song", "Horse" was written while the band was staying at the home studio of musician Arthur Brown, near Puddletown, Dorset.[4] The first two demos were recorded there, by Jeff Dexter and Dennis Elliott, and were intended to capture the feel of the hot, dry desert that had been depicted at the studio from a Salvador Dalí painting, and the strange horse that had ridden out of an M.C. Escher picture. Writer Dewey Bunnell also says he remembered his childhood travels through the Arizona and New Mexico desert when his family lived at Vandenberg Air Force Base.[5]

tag: p

text: Trying to find a song that would be popular in both the United States and Europe, Warner Brothers was reluctant to release Beckley's "I Need You" ballad as the first single from America. The label asked the band if it had any other material, then arranged for America to record four more songs at Morgan Studios, Willesden in London.[6] "A Horse with No Name" was released as the featured song on a three-track single in the UK, Ireland, France, Italy and the Netherlands in late 1971. On the release "A Horse with No Name" shared the A-side with "Everyone I Meet Is from California"; "Sandman" featured on the B-side. However, its early-1972 two-track US release did not include "Sandman", with "Everyone I Meet Is from California" appearing on the B-side.

text: Composition[edit]

text: "A Horse with No Name" was recorded in the key of E Dorian with acoustic guitars, bass guitar, drum kit, and bongo drums. The only other chord is a D, fretted on the low E and G strings, second fret. A 12-string guitar plays an added F♯ (second fret, high E string) on the back beat of the Em. A noted feature of the song is the driving bass line with a hammer-hook in each chorus. A "waterfall"-type solo completes the arrangement. [7] Produced by Ian Samwell on the day of final recording at Morgan Studios, when at first the group thought it was too corny and took some convincing to actually play it. Gerry Beckley has explained in Acoustic Guitar magazine (March 2007) that the correct tuning for the guitar is D E D G B D, low to high. The chord pattern that repeats throughout the entire song is: 202002 (Em), then 020202 and 000202. [8] The tuning is unique to this song; they did not use it on any other America song.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Despite the song being banned by some U.S. radio stations because of supposed drug references to heroin use,[9] the song ascended to number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and the album quickly reached platinum status. The song charted earlier in the Netherlands (reaching number 11) and the UK (reaching number 3, the band's only Top 40 hit in the country[10]) than it did in the United States. The interpretation of the song as a drug reference comes from the fact that the word "horse" is a common slang term for heroin.

text: The song's resemblance to some of Neil Young's work aroused some controversy. "I know that virtually everyone, on first hearing, assumed it was Neil", Bunnell says. "I never fully shied away from the fact that I was inspired by him. I think it's in the structure of the song as much as in the tone of his voice. It did hurt a little, because we got some pretty bad backlash. I've always attributed it more to people protecting their own heroes more than attacking me." By coincidence, it was "A Horse with No Name" that replaced Young's "Heart of Gold" at the number 1 spot on the U.S. pop chart.[11]

text: The song has received criticism for its banal, oddly phrased lyrics, including "The heat was hot"; "There were plants, and birds, and rocks, and things"; and "'Cause there ain't no one for to give you no pain."[12] Penn Jillette asked the band about their lyrics, "there were plants, and birds, and rocks, and things" after a show in Atlantic City, where America opened for Penn & Teller. According to Jillette, their explanation for the lyrics was that they were intoxicated with cannabis while writing it.[13] In a 2012 interview, Beckley disputed Jillette's story, saying, "I don't think Dew was stoned."[14]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: (Per back cover of 1972 vinyl issue of America.)

text:
Dewey Bunnell – lead vocal, acoustic guitar
Gerry Beckley – 12-string acoustic guitar, backing vocal
Dan Peek – bass, backing vocal

tag: ul

text:
Ray Cooper – percussion
Kim Haworth – drums

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: This section indiscriminately collects miscellaneous information. Please compress this material to remove any irrelevant or unimportant information. (May 2017)

text: Soundtrack appearances[edit]

text: The song was featured in Hideous Kinky, a British–French 1998 film, during a trip on the Moroccan desert. In 2008, it was used in a Kohls[15] TV commercial for Vera Wang.

text: It can also be heard in Season 2 of Millennium, in the episode "Owls". It can be heard on an episode of The Simpsons, "The Haw-Hawed Couple". In another episode, "A Star Is Born Again". Ned Flanders can be heard singing it, with alternative lyrics. The song is heard in the background of season 3 episode 16 of "Parks and Recreation". It was featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas on the fictional classic rock radio station K-DST.

text: The song bookends the second episode of the third season of Breaking Bad, "Caballo sin Nombre" (Spanish for "Horse without Name"), where the song plays on a car radio as Walter White drives through the desert in the beginning,[16] before being pulled over for driving with a cracked windshield. At the end of the episode the song is sung by Walter in the shower. The song was also featured in the show Friends in Season 5, Episode 22, "The One With Joey's Big Break".[17]

text: The song is also featured in the movies The Devil's Daughter, The Trip, and Air America. The song is also featured on the soundtrack of the 2013 motion picture American Hustle directed by David O. Russell and 2016 movie The Nice Guys.

text: In 2014, the song was featured in an advertisement for the Toyota Auris Hybrid.

text: In the season 4 episode of BoJack Horseman "The Old Sugarman Place", the title character drives through the desert to Patrick Carney and Michelle Branch's interpretation of the song. This version also appears on the soundtrack album of the series.

text: Musical references[edit]

text: The song was one of many popular songs quoted and parodied on the album The Third Reich 'n Roll by The Residents.

text: The song "Face" by American rock band Aerosmith released in 2001 bears a strong resemblance towards "A Horse With No Name".

text: Michael Jackson's song "A Place with No Name" was released posthumously by TMZ as a 25-second snippet on July 16, 2009. The snippet closely resembles "A Horse with No Name". Jim Morey, both Jackson's and America's former band manager, has stated that "America was honored that Michael chose to do their song and they hope it becomes available for all Michael's fans to hear."[18] The song was remastered and released in its entirety along with the original Michael Jackson recording on Jackson's 2014 album, Xscape.

text: The manner in which American band Drive-by Truckers' song "The Fourth Night of My Drinking" begins, nods to "A Horse with No Name".

text: Other references to the song[edit]

text: The song was covered by a band in the bar Robin Williams' character hangs out at in the 1987 movie Good Morning Vietnam.

text: Also appeared in Air America from 1990.

text: Plants and Birds and Rocks and Things was the title of the 1993 debut album by The Loud Family, and was quoted by songwriter Scott Miller in the first track, "He Do the Police in Different Voices" ("Maybe plants and birds and rocks and things can justify my day").

text: It also appeared sung by members of a hippie group, "The People", in Series 3 of HBO's Six Feet Under, in the episode: "Tears, Bones and Desire" as the women make mops.

text: In the episode "Bill's Autobiography" on NewsRadio, Dave Foley's character was found singing the song on an audiotape on which he records his thoughts.

text: In 1999, the literary magazine Lamia Ink published a short play by American playwright Meron Langsner entitled The Name of the Horse, in which the problem of the horse's name is explored. The play is also included in a collection of parodies entitled The Sacred Cow Slaughterhouse published by Indie Theatre Now.

text: In The Simpsons episode "The Haw-Hawed Couple", Homer and Marge trick Bart and Lisa into thinking they're busy arguing so they can have their time alone. They accidentally throw a piece of clothing at the tape recorder and "A Horse With No Name" plays.

text: In computer game NetHack, when the player character dismounts an unnamed horse, the game issues the message "You've been through the dungeon on a horse with no name", or, when hallucinating, "It felt good to get out of the rain."[19]

text: In the October 7, 2015 episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Colbert, wearing a big and furry hat, proclaims that the titular horse's name is "Gary the horse".

text: In the Reno 911 season five episode "Junior Runs for Office", after consuming an entire pan of hashish brownies, Junior panics upon learning that "A Horse With No Name" is not available in the jukebox of the bar that they are in.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1972)
Peak
position

Australia (Kent Music Report)
2

Canada (RPM)
1

Finland (Finnish Singles Chart)[20]
1

Ireland (IRMA)[21]
4

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)
11

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)
3

US Billboard Easy Listening
3

US Billboard Hot 100[22]
1

US Cash Box Singles Chart
1

US Record World Singles Chart
1


document_title: Closer (Nine Inch Nails song)

question_text: what does the song closer by nine inch nails mean

text: Closer (Nine Inch Nails song)

text: Composition[edit]

text: "Closer" has been described as industrial rock,[2][3][4][5] techno,[6] and alternative rock.[7] "Closer" uses elements of funk,[8] avant-garde,[9] and electronic music.[10] The drum track of "Closer" features a heavily modified bass drum sample from the Iggy Pop song "Nightclubbing" from his album The Idiot. The bass drum in "Nightclubbing" was from a Roland drum machine, which is sampled in "Closer". Trent Reznor also sampled a Roland TR-808 drum machine, utilizing its "low end" kick. The samples were produced using two Akai S1100 samplers, each with an expander (essentially four samplers). The samples were then combined with beats produced by a Roland R-70 drum machine.[11] The production features sound effects such as a bass squelch, synth echo, and feedback growl.[12]

text: Radio edits of "Closer" were created by muting the vocal track for the duration of each deleted obscenity.

text: Lyrically, "Closer" is a meditation on self-hatred and obsession, but to Reznor's dismay, the song was widely misinterpreted as a lust anthem due to its chorus, which included the line "I wanna fuck you like an animal".[13] In 2003, VH1 ranked the song at number 93 in its countdown of the "100 Greatest Songs of the Past 25 Years." The song was ranked at the number 2 position on AOL's "69 Sexiest Songs of All Time," mostly due to the explicit frankness of the chorus. "Come on dude: 'I wanna fuck you like an animal'?" remarked Mötley Crüe drummer and The Downward Spiral contributor Tommy Lee. "That's the all-time fuck song. Those are pure fuck beats – Trent Reznor knew what he was doing. You can fuck to it, you can dance to it and you can break shit to it. Since I'm engaged now [to Mayte Garcia], I'll just say that the most memorable episode that I remember with 'Closer' took place on a swing."[14]

text: In July 2009, the song was voted in at number 62 on Triple J's Hottest 100 of all time, and in 2010 it was number 42 on Pitchfork Media's Top 200 Tracks of the 90s.[15]

text: Music video[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The music video was directed by Mark Romanek and first aired on May 12, 1994, having been filmed in April of that year. It was cut down from its original length to 4:36. The video was popular and helped bolster the success of the band. Set in what appears to be a 19th-century mad scientist's laboratory, the video's imagery involves religion, sexuality, animal cruelty, politics, and terror, including:

text:
A heart connected to some sort of device; the beat of the heart corresponds to the beat of the song
A nude, bald woman with a crucifix mask.
A monkey tied to a cross.
A severed pig's head spinning on some type of machine.
A diagram of the vulva/vagina.
Reznor wearing various fetish gear, such as an S&M mask, ball gag, and long leather gloves while swinging in shackles.

text: Several times, Reznor, wearing leather pants, floats and rotates through the air, suspended by invisible wires. There are also scenes of Reznor being blown back by a wind machine while wearing aviator goggles.

text: These images seem to be inspired by the art of Joel-Peter Witkin, as well as Francis Bacon and George Tooker. The video is also very heavily inspired by the Brothers Quay's animated short film Street of Crocodiles. For the television version, certain removed scenes were replaced with a title card that read "Scene Missing," and the instances of the word fuck being edited out were accompanied by a stop in the video motion, making it appear as if the stop was a result of defective film (this was supposedly done to make sure the flow of the song was not affected). According to director Mark Romanek, the video was filmed using "a slightly out of date film stock but it was still a contemporary film stock."

text: They had stopped making it three years before and we found some of it. All the new color film stocks have this T-Grain, like little Ts that are interlocking. The film stock we used had the original old granular grain. The new stocks are just really modern looking, really sharp, really contrasty, very fine grain. We didn't want that. Normally you don't want to use that kind of stock because the colors will be off. It does have a shelf life but in this case we didn't care, the more fucked up it was the happier we were.[16]

text: The unedited version of the video was shown on Playboy TV's music video show Hot Rocks in 1994. In mid-2002, the unedited version aired on MTV2 as part of a special countdown showcasing the most controversial videos ever to air on MTV. This countdown was only shown late at night due to the graphic imagery of "Closer" and several other videos.

text: In 2006, "Closer" was voted number one in a VH1 Classic poll titled "20 Greatest Music Videos of All Time." [17]

text: In retrospect, Reznor said of the video that "The rarest of things occurred: where the song sounded better to me, seeing it with the video. And it's my song."[18]

text: The unedited video is included in Closure, The Downward Spiral (DualDisc), Directors Label Volume 4: The Work Of Director Mark Romanek and VEVO, and it is available for download from the United States iTunes Store under the band's page. Behind-the-scenes footage with commentary by Romanek is included in Closure (DVD) and Directors Label.

text: Chart performance[edit]

text: "Closer" had some radio airplay before it was released as a single. This factor increased within weeks, leading Interscope to release the song in May 1994.

text: When it premiered, the single charted on several Billboard magazine music charts; debuting near the bottom spot of the Billboard Hot 100, it missed the Top 40 spot (peaking at No. 41). It crawled to No. 11 on the Modern Rock Tracks, and went on to reach No. 35 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, No. 29 on the Dance Music/Club Play Singles, and No. 29 Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, this is the band's first crossover hit and remains their most popular song to date. The single's highest peak is the Top 5 on the Canadian Singles Chart. "Closer" did not top any of these charts, and failed to reach No. 1.[19] However, while it did not gain enough success in the US, it was a massive success in Canada on the Canadian pop charts and the Alternative 30 charts both hitting No. 5.

text: Formats and track listings[edit]

text: The version of "Closer" on the single is 13 seconds longer than the album version; on the album, the piano tune at the end of the song is abruptly cut off in order to segue into the next track, "Ruiner". On the single, the piano and background sounds of "Closer" are allowed to play out longer.

text: In addition, the U.S. CD single contains five guest remixes of "Closer", a remix of its fellow The Downward Spiral track "Heresy", an instrumental track "March of the Fuckheads" (unrelated to "March of the Pigs"), and a cover version of Soft Cell's song "Memorabilia", from their 1982 EP Non-stop Ecstatic Dancing. The UK single releases contain the same tracks split between two discs (each sold separately). A cassette single was issued in the U.S. and Australia, pairing "Closer" with a live-performance version of NIN's previous single, "March of the Pigs".

text: The album art was done by photographer Joseph Cultice.[20]

text: U.S. CD[edit]

text:
TVT Records / Interscope Records / Atlantic Records 95905–2
TVT Records / Interscope Records 0694959052 (Reissue)

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Closer to God" (Remixed by Trent Reznor, Sean Beavan, Brian Pollack)
5:05

2.
"Closer (Precursor)" (Remixed by Coil, Danny Hyde)
7:16

3.
"Closer (Deviation)" (Remixed by Jack Dangers, Craig Silvey)
6:15

4.
"Heresy (Blind)" (Remixed by Dave Ogilvie, Anthony Valcic, Joe Bisara)
5:32

5.
"Memorabilia"
7:21

6.
"Closer (Internal)" (Remixed by Bill Kennedy, Scott Humphrey, John "Geetus" Aguto, Paul Decarli, Eric Claudiex)
4:15

7.
"March of the Fuckheads" (Remixed by Adrian Sherwood)
4:43

8.
"Closer (Further Away)" (Remixed by Kennedy, Humphrey, Aguto, Decarli, Claudiex)
5:45

9.
"Closer"
6:26

text: U.K. CD[edit]

text:
Island Records CID 596 854 059–2 (Disc 1)
Island Records CIDX 596 854 061–2 (Disc 2)

text:
Disc 1: Further Away

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Closer"
6:26

2.
"Closer (Deviation)"
6:15

3.
"Closer (Further Away)"
5:45

4.
"Closer (Precursor)"
7:16

5.
"Closer (Internal)"
4:15

text:
Disc 2: Closer to God

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Closer to God"
5:05

2.
"Heresy (Blind)"
5:32

3.
"Memorabilia"
7:21

4.
"March of the Fuckheads"
4:43

text: U.S. cassette[edit]

text: Nothing Records / TVT Records / Interscope Records / Atlantic Records 98263-4

text:
Side A

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Closer"
6:25

text:
Side B

No.
Title
Length

2.
"March of the Pigs (Live)" (appears to be the live rerecording from the music video)
3:12

text: U.K. 12" vinyl – Part 1: Further Away[edit]

text: Island Records 12IS 596 854 059–1 – UK 12" Vinyl 1

text:
Side A

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Closer (Deviation)"

2.
"Closer (Further Away)"

3.
"Closer"

text:
Side B

No.
Title
Length

4.
"Closer (Precursor)"

5.
"Closer (Internal)"

text: U.K. 12" vinyl – Part 2: Closer to God[edit]

text: Island Records 12ISX 596 854 061–1 – UK 12" Vinyl 2

text:
Side A

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Closer to God"

2.
"March of the Fuckheads"

text:
Side B

No.
Title
Length

3.
"Heresy (Blind)"

4.
"Memorabilia"

text: Other versions in other formats and countries have the same track listing as the U.S. CD release.

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Trent Reznor – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, synthesizers, programming
Chris Vrenna – drum samples (drum sample taken from Iggy Pop's "Nightclubbing")
Flood – hi-hat

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1994–95)
Peak
position

Australia ARIA Charts
3

Canada RPM Alternative 30
5

Canadian Singles Chart
5

UK Singles (OCC)
25

U.S. Billboard Modern Rock Tracks
11

U.S. Billboard Hot 100
41

text: Live performances[edit]

text: During the Self Destruct and Fragility tours, bassist Danny Lohner and guitarist Robin Finck joined Reznor on keyboards for the song, with Reznor performing an extended synth solo.

text: There are performance videos of "Closer" on And All that Could Have Been and Beside You in Time.

text: In the tours following the release of With Teeth, Nine Inch Nails performed a shorter version of "Closer" with the keyboard solo played as a guitar solo and a breakdown incorporating a portion of "The Only Time," a track from Pretty Hate Machine. Two performances of this version of the song appear on Beside You in Time.

text: Cover versions[edit]

text:
"Closer" has been covered by many musical acts, including MGMT, Blood on the Dance Floor, Richard Cheese and Lounge Against the Machine, Eric Gorfain, Maroon 5, Maxwell, The Asylum Street Spankers, Asking Alexandria, Rosetta Stone, In This Moment and Japanese Voyeurs.
Thirty Seconds to Mars uses samples from "Closer" when they perform "The Fantasy."
Toronto-based Alternative R&B act The Weeknd samples "Closer" in the song "House of Balloons/Glass Table Girls."
"Weird Al" Yankovic has paid tribute to "Closer" twice: in "The Alternative Polka" on his album Bad Hair Day, a section of the song was used in which the word "fuck" is replaced with a cartoon sound effects.[21][22] "Germs" on his Running with Scissors album is a style parody of several Nine Inch Nails songs.[23][24]
The Asylum Street Spankers occasionally perform a bluegrass version, available at the Live Music Archive.[25]
In 1995, the Australian novelty act Nine Inch Richards covered the song under the title "Closer To Hogs". Sung in a southern drawl, it combined Trent Reznor's sexually charged lyrics with barnyard animal samples, humorously implying that the song is about bestiality. A video clip of the parody[26] was taken at the Sydney Royal Easter Show. This single peaked at #51 in Australia.[27]
In 2008, Sy Smith performed the song as part of her "Conflict Tour". In August 2010, Smith performed the song again at "Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Heights Plaza".
In 2013, a cover was done by an independent artist named Kawehi. While many other covers alter the song, this cover follows the original very closely in structure though she appears to improvise many of her own effects through the aid of Ableton Live.
In 2014, from the compilation album in the Punk Goes 90's 2 has been covered by British metalcore Asking Alexandria.
In 2016, singer-songwriter Father John Misty covered the song live in Chicago during two separate performances.[28]
Fellow Interscope act Limp Bizkit parodied[29] "Closer" (as well "The Perfect Drug" and "Burn") in their song "Hot Dog". The chorus goes, "You wanna fuck me like an animal, You'd like to burn me on the inside, You like to think that I'm a perfect drug, Just know that nothing you do will bring you closer to me." Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst said he was a big fan of Nine Inch Nails, who inspired his music.[30] However, reviewers and even Reznor have often interpreted the lyrics as negative.[31][32][33]


document_title: Little House on the Prairie

question_text: where did little house on the prairie live

question_tokens: where did little house on the prairie live

text: Little House on the Prairie

text: History[edit]

text: Publishing[edit]

text: The first book of the Little House series, Little House in the Big Woods, was published in 1932.[5] This first book did well when it was first published.[6] The Little House books were reissued by Ursula Nordstrom to be illustrated by Garth Williams.[7]

text: Before writing the Little House series Laura Ingalls Wilder was a columnist in a farm journal.[6] Her daughter, Rose Wilder Lane, was the motivator behind Wilder's writing and publishing of the first book.[5] Since the first book , there have been around 60 million Little House books sold.[5] There are 9 books that fall under the Little House books umbrella.[8]

text: Rose Wilder Lane had a heavy hand in the editing of the books, though Laura Ingalls Wilder's voice is still strong.[6]  It is contested the amount of influence that Lane had on the books, especially regarding any political themes, but views that align with hers are very visible within the books.[5]  Regardless, Rose Wilder Lane was a large part in the publishing and form of the books.  Lane, also had a hand in giving the rights to Roger Lea MacBride, who then led to the creation of the television show entitled Little House on the Prairie.[5]

text: Time ranks the Little House series as 22 out of 100 of the "100 Best Young Adult Books of All Time."[9]  They are considered classics of American children's literature and remain widely read. In a 2012 survey published by School Library Journal, a monthly with primarily U.S. audience, Little House in the Big Woods was ranked number 19 among all-time best children's novels, and two of its sequels were ranked among the top 100.[10]  Five of the Little House book have been Honor Books for the Newbery Medal.  In 1938, On the Banks of Plum Creek, was a honor book, in 1940 By the Shores of Silver Lake was as well. Later in 1941, The Long Winter, was an honor book, and the two honor books later were The Little Town on the Prairie, in 1942, and Those Happy Golden Years in 1944.[11]  In addition to this, the American Library Association stated that The Long Winter, the seventh book in the series, was a "resource for teaching about pioneer history."[12]

text: Depiction of minorities[edit]

text: The Little House books do include people from ethnic minorities, mainly Native Americans.  There have been criticisms of the Little House books because of portrayals of Native Americans.[13]  Much of the criticism relates to the negative stereotyping as well as a view of them as less than human.[14]  There's also been criticism of the ignorance present in the books of the illegality of the Ingalls' occupation of land they did not have the right to occupy.[14]  Wilder presents the land as "uninhabited," which it was not.[6]  She moves through the series in which she gets older and her growth "gradually forces her to embrace whiteness... as a sign of refinement and to reject brownness as its antithesis."[14]

text: An important moment concerning Wilder's depiction of Native Americans occurred in 1998, when an eight year old girl read Little House on the Prairie in her elementary school class.  The novel contains the line, "The only good Indian is a dead Indian"; and this caused the girl great distress. Her mother, Waziyatawin Angela Cavender Wilson, a member of the Wahpetunwan Dakota nation, challenged the school on its use of the book in the classroom.[15]  This prompted the American Library Association to investigate and ultimately change the name of the Wilder Award, an award named after Laura Ingalls Wilder, to the Children's Literature Legacy Award.[15]  This award is given to books that have made a large impact on children's literature in America.[16]

text: Accuracy to history[edit]

text: Laura Ingalls Wilder work is autobiographical fiction. Wilder embellished or bent the truth on more than one occasion to keep her story interesting.[14]  She also presented a view of the world that supported her family's experiences[17] and has been criticized regarding the history of the government's involvement in homesteading,[17] and the related tragedies faced by Native American people.[14] including illegal occupation of the land by her family, when that land was still recognized by the United States government as the Osage's territory.[14]

text: Political relation to the Little House books[edit]

text: While the Little House books may not be blatantly political in the sense of aligning outright with political parties, there are underlying themes within the books that are anti-government, and there have been owners of the rights to the books who are aligned with political parties.[6]

text: Connections with politics[edit]

text: While Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote the Little House books, it was Rose Wilder Lane who edited them and it was Lane who had the rights after Laura's death.  Rose was an "outspoken antigovernment polemicist and is called one of the grandmothers of the libertarian movement."[5]  Lane's views were supported by her mother.[6]  Though despite her mother's support of her political views, Lane went against her mother, and what was written in her will, by leaving the rights of the Little House books to Roger Lea MacBride after her own death.[6]  Roger Lea MacBride has strong connections to politics, being a once libertarian presidential candidate, and a member of the Republican Liberty Caucus.[5]  His gaining of the rights to the books, was not only from Lane's will but also through a legal battle with the library that Wilder wrote in her will would gain the rights after Lane's death.[5] MacBride was the one to allow the television show to be made, and through the rights he has made a great deal of money.[5]

text: In addition to being involved in party politics the Little House books were used for the "reeducation process" of Japanese and German people after World War Two.[17]

text: Another layer of politics the Little House books brings to the surface is John Locke's Labor Theory of Property.  That is essential in the rhetoric surrounding the Little House books because of the relation between homesteading and the labor theory of property.  The labor theory of property is the idea that if someone improves the land with their own labor that they then have rights to that land.[18]

text: Depiction of the United States Government[edit]

text: Anti-governmental political views, such as those held by Rose Wilder Lane, can be found in the Little House books. In her article, "'Little House on the Prairie' and the Truth About the American West," Patricia Nelson Limerick connects Wilder's apparent and Lane's outright distaste for the government as a way to blame the government for their father's failure at homesteading.[6]  The books show the Wilder family to be entrepreneurs and shows a form of hero worship of Laura Ingalls Wilder's parents.[17] this shaped a hatred of the government, who in fact helped homesteaders.[17]  In "'Little House on the Prairie' and the Myth of Self Reliance," Julie Tharp and Jeff Kleiman claim that the idea of the settlers' self-reliance, which they consider to be a myth, has contributed to conservative rhetoric, and that the Little House books are full of this narrative.[17]  Within the books there is also rhetoric against the New Deal.[14]

text: Books[edit]

text:
Little House in the Big Woods (1932)
Farmer Boy (1933)
Little House on the Prairie (1935)
On the Banks of Plum Creek (1937)
By the Shores of Silver Lake (1939)
The Long Winter (1940)
Little Town on the Prairie (1941)
These Happy Golden Years (1943)
The First Four Years (1971)

text: Four series of books expand the Little House series to include five generations of Laura Ingalls Wilder's family. The "Martha Years" and "Charlotte Years" series, by Melissa Wiley, are fictionalized tales of Laura's great-grandmother in Scotland in the late 18th century and grandmother in early 19th century Massachusetts.[19] The "Caroline Years" series narrates Laura's mother, Caroline Quiner's, childhood in Wisconsin.[20] The Rose Years (originally known as the "Rocky Ridge Years") series follows Rose Wilder Lane from childhood in Missouri to early adulthood in San Francisco. It was written by her surrogate grandson Roger MacBride.[21]

text: Two volumes of Laura's letters and diaries have also been issued under the Little House imprint: On The Way Home and West From Home, both published by Harper Collins in 1962 and 1974 respectively.[22][23]

text: Little House in the Big Woods[edit]

text: The story of the first book in the series, Little House in the Big Woods, revolves around the life of the Ingalls family in their small home near Pepin, Wisconsin. The family includes mother Caroline Ingalls, father Charles Ingalls, elder daughter Mary Amelia Ingalls, and younger daughter (and protagonist), Laura Ingalls Wilder.[24] Also in the story, though not yet born historically, is Laura's baby sister Carrie. In the book, Laura herself turns five years old, when the real-life author had only been three during the events of the book.  According to a letter from her daughter, Rose, to biographer William Anderson, the publisher had Laura change her age in the book because it seemed unrealistic for a three-year-old to have specific memories such as she wrote about.[25]

text: Little House in the Big Woods describes the homesteading skills Laura observed and began to practice during her fifth year. The cousins come for Christmas that year, and Laura receives a doll, which she names Charlotte. Later that winter, the family goes to Grandma Ingalls’s and has a “sugaring off,” when they harvest sap and make maple syrup. They return home with buckets of syrup, enough to last the year. Laura remembered that sugaring off, and the dance that followed, for the rest of her life.[26]

text: The book also describes other farm work duties and events, such as the birth of a calf, and the availability of milk, butter and cheese, gardening, field work, hunting, gathering, and more. Everyday housework is also described in detail. When Pa went into the woods to hunt, he usually came home with a deer then smoked the meat for the coming winter. One day he noticed a bee tree and returned from hunting early to get the wash tub and milk pail to collect the honey. When Pa returned in the winter evenings, Laura and Mary always begged him to play his fiddle, as he was too tired from farm work to play during the summertime.[26]

text: Farmer Boy[edit]

text: Farmer Boy, published in 1933, is the second-published of the Little House books and it is commonly numbered two in the series, but its story is unrelated to that of the inaugural novel, Little House in the Big Woods. It features the boyhood of Laura's future husband Almanzo Wilder from before his ninth birthday until after his tenth. The book describes his schooling, holidays, farm work, and most of all, food.[27]

text: Little House on the Prairie[edit]

text: Little House on the Prairie, published in 1935, is the third book in the Little House series but only the second that features the Ingalls family; it continues directly the story of the inaugural novel, Little House in the Big Woods.

text: The book tells about the months the Ingalls family spent on the prairie of Kansas, around the town of Independence, Kansas. At the beginning of this story, Pa Ingalls decides to sell the house in the Big Woods of Wisconsin, and move the family, via covered wagon to the Indian Territory near Independence, Kansas, as there were widely circulating stories that the land (technically still under Osage ownership) would be opened to settlement by homesteaders imminently. So Laura, along with Pa and Ma, Mary, and baby Carrie, move to Kansas. Along the way, Pa trades his two horses for two Western mustangs, which Laura and Mary name Pet and Patty.[28]

text: When the family reaches Indian Territory, they meet Mr. Edwards, who is extremely polite to Ma, but tells Laura and Mary that he is "a wildcat from Tennessee." Mr. Edwards is an excellent neighbor, and helps the Ingalls in every way he can, beginning with helping Pa erect their house. Pa builds a roof and a floor for their house and digs a well, and the family is finally settled.[28]

text: At their new home, unlike their time in the Big Woods, the family meets difficulty and danger. The Ingalls family becomes terribly ill from a disease called at that time "fever 'n' ague" (fever with severe chills and shaking) which was later identified as malaria. Laura comments on the varied ways they believe to have acquired it, with "Ma" believing it came from eating bad watermelon. Mrs. Scott, another neighbor, takes care of the family while they are sick. Around this time,  Mr. Edwards brings Laura and Mary their Christmas presents from Independence, and in the spring, the Ingalls plant the beginnings of a small farm.[28]

text: Irony also becomes a part of this book. Ma's prejudice about American Indians, and Laura's childish observations of them, are contrasted with Pa's more egalitarian view of them, and these views collectively are shown side by side with the objective portrayal of the Osage tribe that lives on and owns that land.[14]

text: At the end of this book, the family is told that the land must be vacated by settlers as it is not legally open to settlement yet, and in 1870 Pa elects to leave the land and move before the Army forcibly requires him to abandon the land.[28]

text: On the Banks of Plum Creek[edit]

text: On the Banks of Plum Creek, published in 1937 and fourth in the series, follows the Ingalls family as they move from Pepin, Wisconsin to Kansas to an area near Walnut Grove, Minnesota, and settle in a dugout "on the banks of Plum Creek (Redwood County, Minnesota)".[29]

text: Pa trades his horses Pet and Patty to the property owner (a man named Hanson) for the land and crops, but later gets two new horses as Christmas presents for the family, which Laura and her sister Mary name "Sam" and "David". Pa soon builds a new, above-ground, wooden house for the family. During this story, Laura and Mary go to school for the first time in town where they meet their teacher, Miss Eva Beadle. They also meet Nellie Oleson, who makes fun of Laura and Mary for being "country girls." Laura plays with her bulldog Jack when she is home, and she and Mary are invited to a party at the Olesons' home. Laura and Mary invite all the girls (including Nellie) to a party at their house to reciprocate. The family soon goes through hard times when a plague of Rocky Mountain Locust decimates their crops. The book ends with Pa returning safely to the house after being unaccounted for during a severe four-day blizzard.[30]

text: By the Shores of Silver Lake[edit]

text: By the Shores of Silver Lake, published in 1939 and fifth in the series.

text: The story begins when the family is about to leave Plum Creek, shortly after the family has recovered from the scarlet fever which caused Mary to become blind. The family welcomes a visit from Aunt Docia, whom they had not seen for several years. She suggests that Pa and Ma move west to the rapidly developing Dakota Territory, where Pa could work in Uncle Henry’s railroad camp at very good wages for that era. Ma and Pa agree, since it will allow Pa to look for a homestead while he works. The family has endured many hardships on Plum Creek and Pa especially is anxious for a new start. After selling his land and farm to neighbors, Pa goes ahead with the wagon and team. Mary is still too weak to travel so the rest of the family follows later by train.[31]

text: The day Pa leaves, however, their beloved bulldog Jack is found dead, which saddens Laura greatly. In actuality, the dog upon whom Jack was based was no longer with the family at this point, but the author inserted his death here to serve as a transition between her childhood and her adolescence. Laura also begins to play a more mature role in the family due to Mary's blindness – Pa instructs Laura to "be Mary's eyes" and to assist her in daily life as she learns to cope with her disability. Mary is strong and willing to learn.[31]

text: The family travels to Dakota Territory by train – this is the children's first train trip and they are excited by the novelty of this new mode of transportation that allows them to travel in one hour the distance it would take a horse and wagon an entire day to cover.[31]

text: With the family reunited and situated at the railroad camp, Laura meets her cousin Lena, and the two become good friends.[31]

text: As winter approaches, and the railroad workers take down the cabins and head back East, the family wonders where they might stay for the winter. As luck would have it, the county surveyor needs a house-sitter while he is East for the winter, and Pa signs up. It is a winter of luxury for the Ingalls family as they are given all the provisions they need in the large, comfortable house. They spend a cozy winter with their new friends, Mr. and Mrs. Boast, and both families look forward to starting their new claims in the spring.[31]

text: But the "Spring Rush" comes early. The large mobilization of pioneers to the Dakotas in early March prompts Pa to leave immediately on the few days' trip to the claims office. The girls are left alone and spend their days and nights boarding and feeding all the pioneers passing through. They charge 25 cents for dinner and boarding, starting a savings account toward sending Mary to the School for the Blind in Vinton, Iowa.[31]

text: Pa successfully files his claim, with the aid of old friend Mr. Edwards. As the spring flowers bloom and the prairie comes alive with new settlers, the Ingalls family moves to their new piece of land and begins building what will become their permanent home.[31]

text: The Long Winter[edit]

text: The Long Winter, published in 1940 and sixth in the series, covers the shortest timespan of the novels, only an eight-month period.  The winter of 1880–1881 was a notably severe winter in history, sometimes known as "The Snow Winter".[32][33][34]

text: The story begins in Dakota Territory at the Ingalls homestead in South Dakota on a hot September day in 1880 as Laura and her father ("Pa") are haying. Pa tells Laura that he knows the winter is going to be hard because muskrats always build a house with thick walls before a hard winter, and this year, they have built the thickest walls he has ever seen. In mid-October, the Ingalls wake with an unusually early blizzard howling around their poorly insulated claim shanty. Soon afterward, Pa receives another warning from an unexpected source: a dignified old Native American man comes to the general store in town to warn the white settlers that there will be seven months of blizzards. Impressed, Pa decides to move the family into town for the winter.[35]

text: Laura attends school with her younger sister, Carrie until the weather becomes too severe to permit them to walk to and from the school building. Blizzard after blizzard sweeps through the town over the next few months. Food and fuel become scarce and expensive, as the town depends on the trains to bring supplies but the frequent blizzards prevent the trains from getting through. Eventually, the railroad company suspends all efforts to dig out the train, stranding the town. For weeks, the Ingalls subsist on potatoes and coarse brown bread, using twisted hay for fuel. As even this meager food runs out, Laura's future husband Almanzo Wilder and his friend Cap Garland risk their lives to bring wheat to the starving townspeople – enough to last the rest of the winter.[35]

text: Laura's age in this book is also accurate. (In 1880, she would have been 13, as she states in the first chapter.) However, Almanzo Wilder's age is misrepresented in this book.  Much is made of the fact that he is 19 pretending to be 21 in order to illegally obtain a homestead claim from the US government.  But in 1880, his true age would have been 23.  Scholar Ann Romines has suggested that Laura made Almanzo younger because it was felt that more modern audiences would be scandalized by the great difference in their ages in light of their young marriage.[36]

text: As predicted, the blizzards continue for seven months. Finally, the trains begin running again, bringing the Ingalls a Christmas barrel full of good things – including a turkey. In the last chapter, they sit down to enjoy their Christmas dinner in May.[35]

text: Little Town on the Prairie[edit]

text: Little Town on the Prairie, published in 1941 and seventh in the series.

text: The story begins as Laura accepts her first job performing sewing work in order to earn money for Mary to go to a college for the blind in Iowa. Laura's hard work comes to an end by summer when she is let go, and the family begins planning to raise cash crops to pay for Mary's college. After the crops are destroyed by blackbirds, Pa sells a calf to earn the balance of the money needed. When Ma and Pa escort Mary to the college, Laura, Carrie, and Grace are left alone for a week. In order to stave off the loneliness stemming from Mary's departure, Laura, Carrie, and Grace do the fall cleaning. They have several problems, but the house is sparkling when they are done. Ma and Pa come home, and are truly surprised.[37]

text: In the fall, the Ingalls quickly prepare for a move to town for the winter. Laura and Carrie attend school in town and Laura is reunited with her friends Minnie Johnson and Mary Power and meets a new girl, Ida Brown. There is a new schoolteacher for the winter term: Eliza Jane Wilder, Almanzo’s sister. Nellie Oleson, Laura's nemesis from Plum Creek, has moved to De Smet and is attending the school. Nellie turns the teacher against Laura and Miss Wilder loses control of the school for a time. A visit by the school board restores order; however, Miss Wilder leaves at the end of the fall term, and is eventually replaced by Mr. Clewett and then Mr. Owen, the latter of whom befriends Laura. Through the course of the winter, Laura sets herself to studying, as she only has one year left before she can apply for a teaching certificate.[37]

text: At the same time, Almanzo Wilder begins escorting Laura home from church. By Christmastime, Almanzo once again sees Laura home, and offers to take her on a sleigh ride after he completes the cutter he is building.[37]

text: At home, Laura is met by Mr. Boast and Mr. Brewster, who ask Laura if she would be interested in a teaching position at a settlement led by Brewster twelve miles (19 km) from town. The school superintendent, George Williams, comes and tests Laura (though she is two months too young, he never asks her age), and she is awarded a third-grade teaching certificate.[37]

text: These Happy Golden Years[edit]

text: These Happy Golden Years, published in 1943 and eighth in the series, originally ended with a note alone on the last page: "The end of the Little house books."[38] It takes place between 1882 and 1885. As the story begins, Pa is taking Laura 12 miles (19 km) from home to her first teaching assignment at Brewster settlement. Laura, only 15 and a schoolgirl herself, is apprehensive as this is both the first time she has left home and the first school she has taught. She is determined to complete her assignment and earn $40 to help her sister Mary, who is attending Vinton College for the Blind in Iowa.[39]

text: This first school proves difficult for her. Laura must board with the Brewsters in their two-room claim shanty, sleeping on their sofa. The Brewsters are an unhappy family and Laura is deeply uncomfortable observing the way husband and wife quarrel. In one particularly unsettling incident, she wakes in the night to see Mrs Brewster standing over her husband with a knife. It is a bitterly cold winter, and neither the claim shanty or the school house can be heated adequately. The children she is teaching, some of whom are older than she is herself, test her skills as a teacher. Laura grows more self-assured through the term, and successfully completes the two-month term.[39]

text: To Laura's surprise and delight, homesteader Almanzo Wilder (with whom she became acquainted in Little Town on the Prairie) appears at the end of her first week of school in his new two-horse cutter to bring her home for the weekend. Already fond of Laura and wanting to ease her homesickness, Almanzo takes it upon himself to bring her home and back to school each weekend.[39]

text: The relationship continues after the school term ends. Sleigh rides give way to buggy rides in the spring, and Laura impresses Almanzo with her willingness to help break his new and often temperamental horses. Laura's old nemesis, Nellie Oleson, makes a brief appearance during two Sunday buggy rides with Almanzo. Nellie's chatter and flirtatious behavior towards Almanzo annoys Laura. Shortly thereafter, Nellie moves back to New York after her family loses their homestead.[39]

text: Laura's Uncle Tom (Ma's brother) visits the family and tells of his failed venture with a covered wagon brigade seeking gold in the Black Hills. Laura helps out seamstress Mrs. McKee by staying with her and her daughter on their prairie claim for two months to "hold it down" as required by law. The family enjoys summer visits from Mary.[39]

text: The family finances have improved to the point that Pa can sell a cow to purchase a sewing machine for Ma. Laura continues to teach and work as a seamstress.[39]

text: Almanzo invites Laura to attend summer "singing school" with him and her classmates. On the last evening of singing school while driving Laura home, Almanzo – who has by now been courting Laura for three years – proposes to Laura. During their next ride, Almanzo presents Laura with a garnet-and-pearl ring and they share their first kiss.[39]

text: Several months later, after Almanzo has finished building a house on his tree claim, he asks Laura if she would mind getting married within a few days as his sister and mother have their hearts set on a large church wedding, which Pa cannot afford. Laura agrees, and she and Almanzo are married in a simple ceremony by the Reverend Brown. After a wedding dinner with her family, Laura drives away with Almanzo and the newlyweds settle contentedly into their new home.[39]

text: The First Four Years[edit]

text: The First Four Years, published in 1971, is commonly considered the ninth and last book in the original Little House series. It covers the earliest years of Laura and Almanzo's marriage.[40]

text: The First Four Years derives its title from a promise Laura made to Almanzo when they became engaged. Laura did not want to be a farm wife, but she consented to try farming for three years. At the end of that time, Laura and Almanzo mutually agreed to continue for one more year, a "year of grace", in Laura's words. The book ends at the close of that fourth year, on a rather optimistic note. In reality, the continually hot, dry Dakota summers, and several other tragic events described in the book eventually drove them from their land, but they later founded a very successful fruit and dairy farm in Missouri, where they lived comfortably until their respective deaths.[40]

text: Related books[edit]

text:
On the Way Home (1962)
West from Home (1974)
The Road Back (2006)

text: Television adaptations[edit]

text: Jackanory (1966, 1968)[edit]

text: Jackanory is a British television series intended to encourage children to read; it ran from 1965 to 1996, and was revived in 2006. From October 24 through October 28, 1966, five short episodes aired that were based on Little House in the Big Woods, with Red Shively as the storyteller. From October 21 through October 25, 1968, five more were released, this time based on Farmer Boy, with Richard Monette as the storyteller.

text: Little House on the Prairie (TV series, 1974–1983)[edit]

text: The television series Little House on the Prairie aired on the NBC network from 1974 to 1983. The show was a loose adaptation of Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie semi-autobiographical novel series, although the namesake book was represented in the premiere only; the ensuing television episodes primarily followed characters and locations from the follow-up book, On the Banks of Plum Creek (1937), although the continuity of the television series greatly departed from this book as well. Some storylines were borrowed from Wilder's later books but were portrayed as having taken place in the Plum Creek setting. Michael Landon starred as Charles Ingalls, Karen Grassle played Caroline Ingalls, Melissa Gilbert played Laura Ingalls, Melissa Sue Anderson played Mary Ingalls, and the twins Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush (credited as Lindsay Sidney Greenbush) played Carrie Ingalls. Victor French portrayed long-time friend Mr. Edwards. Dean Butler portrayed Laura's husband, Almanzo Wilder. Some characters were added in the show, such as Albert, played by Matthew Laborteaux, an orphan whom the family adopted.[3]

text: Although it deviated from the original books in many respects, the television series, which was set in Walnut Grove, Minnesota, was one of a few long-running successful dramatic family shows.[citation needed] It remained a top-rated series, and garnered 17 Emmy® and three Golden Globe® nominations, along with two People’s Choice® Awards.[41]

text: Laura, the Prairie Girl (animated series, 1975)[edit]

text: A Japanese cartoon series of 26 episodes (about 24 minutes each), originally entitled Sōgen no shōjo Laura.

text: Beyond the Prairie (2000, 2001)[edit]

text: Two made for television movies by Marcus Cole, with Meredith Monroe as Laura. Part 1 tells the story of teenage Laura in DeSmet, while the second part is about Laura and Almanzo's (Walton Goggins) marriage and their life in Mansfield, Missouri. It also focuses a lot on the character of Wilder's young daughter; Rose (Skye McCole Bartusiak).[42]

text: Little House on the Prairie (2005 miniseries)[edit]

text: The 2005 ABC five-hour (six-episode) miniseries Little House on the Prairie attempted to follow closely the books Little House in the Big Woods and Little House on the Prairie. It starred Cameron Bancroft as Charles Ingalls; Erin Cottrell as Caroline Ingalls; Kyle Chavarria as Laura Ingalls; Danielle Chuchran as Mary Ingalls; and Gregory Sporleder as Mr Edwards. It was directed by David L. Cunningham. In 2006 the mini-series was released on DVD and the 2-disc set runs approximately 255 minutes long.[43]

text: Stage adaptation[edit]

text: A musical version of the Little House books premiered at the Guthrie Theater, Minnesota on July 26, 2008. The musical has music by Rachel Portman and lyrics by Donna DiNovelli and is directed by Francesca Zambello with choreography by Michele Lynch. The cast includes Melissa Gilbert as "Ma". The musical began a US national tour in October 2009.[44][45]

text: Documentary[edit]

text: Little House on the Prairie: The Legacy of Laura Ingalls Wilder is a one-hour documentary film that looks at the life of Wilder. Wilder's story as a writer, wife, and mother is explored through interviews with scholars and historians, archival photography, paintings by frontier artists, and dramatic reenactments.[46]


document_title: The Accountant (2016 film)

question_text: who plays the female lead in the 2016 film the accountant

text: The Accountant (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: As a child, Christian Wolff (Affleck) is diagnosed with a high-functioning form of autism at Harbor Neuroscience, where he meets the doctor's daughter, Justine. Chris's father declines the offer for his son to stay at a sensory friendly environment, believing that Chris must overcome the hardships inherent in his condition, but Chris's overwhelmed mother abandons their family. Afraid that others will exploit his son, Chris's father—a US Army PSYOP officer—begins a brutal regimen of stoicism and martial arts training for both him and his brother, Braxton.

text: In the present, Chris works as a forensic accountant from a small strip mall office in Plainfield, Illinois. He unmasks insider financial deceptions, often for criminal and terrorist enterprises. Chris's clients interact with Chris through the Voice, an unidentified woman who calls him "Dreamboat". He exposes himself to loud music and flashing lights while abusing his own shinbone on a daily basis to inure himself to sensory overload.

text: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCen) Director Ray King pursues Chris, known to them as "the Accountant". King recruits Treasury data analyst Marybeth Medina to help him locate the Accountant. Her leads include Chris's cover names, a recording from his killing of nine members of the Gambino crime family, and some photos.

text: Chris is hired to audit Living Robotics after the company's founder and CEO, Lamar Blackburn (Lithgow) and his sister Rita, learn of discrepancies from in-house accountant Dana Cummings (Kendrick). Chris finds that over $61 million has been embezzled from the company. CFO Ed Chilton, who is diabetic, is forced by a hitman to commit suicide from an insulin overdose. Lamar dismisses Chris, claiming Chilton killed himself because of the investigation of the embezzlement, leaving Chris very distraught because he cannot finish the audit.

text: Medina isolates Chris's voice from the recording of the Gambino killing, hearing him repeating the nursery rhyme Solomon Grundy. She learns that his cadence is reminiscent of those with autism, and that Chris's aliases are famed mathematicians, including his current identity, Christian Wolff. Using IRS records, she finds his Illinois office.

text: Assassins fail to kill Chris; the last reveals that Dana is the next target. Chris saves her before taking her to his storage unit, containing an Airstream Panamerica with artwork and other valuables, which he uses to quickly flee in when necessary. As they talk, he realizes that the embezzlement at Living Robotics is a scheme like Crazy Eddie's; money stolen from the company is returned to it, boosting profits and increasing the company's valuation as it prepares for an IPO. When Chris goes to confront Rita he finds her dead, exposing Lamar as the embezzler.

text: Government agents search Chris's heavily secured home. King explains to Medina that Chris was imprisoned at Leavenworth because of a fight at his estranged mother's funeral, where his father was killed protecting Chris. He learned accounting from Francis Silverberg, a Gambino family accountant who became an FBI informant. King was Silverberg's handler, but his inaction led to the informant being brutally killed; King was staking out the Gambinos when Chris came to avenge his mentor. Chris could have killed King, but let him go after asking if he was a good father. King began getting information from the Voice when criminals violated Chris's moral code, and King became director of FinCen. King tells Medina someone has to take over when he retires. The phone rings, and the Voice tells Medina about Living Robotics.

text: Chris goes to Lamar's mansion, where the hitman and his men await. During the battle, the hitman recognizes Chris repeating the nursery rhyme and reveals that he is Chris's brother Braxton; they have not seen each other since Chris's imprisonment. Braxton attacks Chris, as he is both resentful over his brother's estrangement from him and blames him for their father's death. During a pause in their fight Lamar arrogantly interrupts; Chris shoots him, ending the battle. Chris amicably agrees to meet Braxton in a week, saying he will find him.

text: As another set of parents visits Harbor Neuroscience with their child, the boy meets Justine, still a patient there; she is the Voice, and Chris funds the center with his bookkeeping profits. Dana receives a Jackson Pollock painting she saw in the trailer, as Chris drives out of town with the Airstream in tow.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Affleck as Christian "Chris" Wolff

Seth Lee as Young Chris

Anna Kendrick as Dana Cummings
J. K. Simmons as Raymond "Ray" King
Jon Bernthal as Braxton

Jake Presley as Young Braxton

Jeffrey Tambor as Francis Silverberg
Cynthia Addai-Robinson as Marybeth Medina
John Lithgow as Lamar Blackburn
Jean Smart as Rita Blackburn
Andy Umberger as Ed Chilton
Alison Wright as Justine

Izzy Fenech as Young Justine

Robert C. Treveiler as Chris' father
Mary Kraft as Chris' mother
Gary Basaraba as Don

text: Production[edit]

text: On November 12, 2014, Variety reported that Anna Kendrick was in early talks to co-star in the film, alongside Affleck.[5] Later that day, J. K. Simmons was also announced as being in talks to join the cast.[6] On November 14, 2014, Jon Bernthal was also in talks.[7] On January 6, 2015, Variety reported that Cynthia Addai-Robinson was added to the cast.[8] On January 14, 2015, Jeffrey Tambor[9] and John Lithgow[10] were added to the cast of the film. Lithgow had previously appeared in another thriller about autism, Silent Fall (1994).

text: Filming began on January 19, 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.[11][12] On March 16–20, filming was taking place at the Georgia Institute of Technology.[13] The film ends with the Accountant driving on Bethany Bridge over Lake Allatoona, Georgia.

text: Fight choreography[edit]

text: The action fighting sequences in the film featured the Indonesian martial art Pencak Silat.[14][15][16]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On July 9, 2015, a year before the film's release, it had received graphic novelization published by Vertigo, a limited comic book imprint owned by Warner Bros. Pictures.[17]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on October 14, 2016.[18] Before that, Warner Bros. had scheduled it for January 29, 2016, later moving it to October 7, 2016, before moving it back another week.[19][20]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Accountant grossed $86.3 million in the United States and Canada and $68.9 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $155.2 million, against a production budget of $44 million.[2]

text: The Accountant was released alongside Max Steel and Kevin Hart: What Now?, and was expected to gross $20–25 million from 3,332 theaters in its opening weekend, although the studio was projecting a conservative $15 million opening.[21] The film made $1.35 million from its Thursday night previews, more than Affleck's Gone Girl ($1.2 million) in 2014. It grossed $9.1 million on its first day and $24.7 million in its opening weekend, finishing first at the box office and was the second highest-debut for a thriller of Affleck's career, behind Gone Girl ($37.5 million).[22] In its second weekend, the film grossed $13.6 million (a drop of 44.8%), finishing 4th at the box office.[23]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 240 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Accountant writes off a committed performance from Ben Affleck, leaving viewers with a scattershot action thriller beset by an array of ill-advised deductions."[24] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 51 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[25] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[26]

text: Vince Mancini of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, writing, "It’s transparent in its attempt both to pimp a future franchise and give autistic kids their own superhero. There’s a genuine sweetness to the latter that converts me on the former. Headshots, math problems, and pained social interactions? Sign me up. Of the two movies Ben Affleck has been in so far this year, The Accountant and Batman V Superman, The Accountant has by far the most franchise potential."[27] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, saying: "Madness abounds in The Accountant, an intense, intricate, darkly amusing and action-infused thriller that doesn’t always add up but who cares, it’s BIG FUN."[28]

text: Richard Brody of The New Yorker panned the film, stating: "This thrill-free thriller...piles up plotlines like an overbuilt house of cards that comes crashing down at the first well-earned guffaw of ridicule."[29]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Jupiter Awards
March 29, 2017
Best International Film
The Accountant
Nominated
[30]

Best International Actor
Ben Affleck
Nominated

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Thriller Film
The Accountant
Nominated
[31]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In June 2017, it was announced Warner Bros. was developing a sequel, with Affleck, Dubuque and O’Connor all scheduled to return.[32]