document_title: List of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship finals

question_text: when did waterford last won all ireland hurling final

text: List of finals[edit]

text:
Year
Winner
Score
Runner-up
Score
Venue
Winning Captain
Losing Captain

2017
Details
Galway
0-26
Waterford
2-17
Croke Park, Dublin
David Burke
Kevin Moran

2016
Details
Tipperary
2-29
Kilkenny
2-20
Croke Park, Dublin
Brendan Maher
Shane Prendergast

2015
Details
Kilkenny
1-22
Galway
1-18
Croke Park, Dublin
Joey Holden
David Collins

2014
Details
Kilkenny
2-17
Tipperary
2-14
Croke Park, Dublin
Lester Ryan
Brendan Maher

Drawn match
Kilkenny
3-22
Tipperary
1-28
Croke Park, Dublin

2013
Details
Clare
5-16
Cork
3-16
Croke Park, Dublin
Patrick Donnellan
Pa Cronin

Drawn match
Clare
0-25
Cork
3-16
Croke Park, Dublin

2012
Details
Kilkenny
3-22
Galway
3-11
Croke Park, Dublin
Eoin Larkin
Fergal Moore

Drawn match
Kilkenny
0-19
Galway
2-13
Croke Park, Dublin

2011
Details
Kilkenny
2-17
Tipperary
1-16
Croke Park, Dublin
Brian Hogan
Eoin Kelly

2010
Details
Tipperary
4-17
Kilkenny
1-18
Croke Park, Dublin
Eoin Kelly
T.J. Reid

2009
Details
Kilkenny
2-22
Tipperary
0-23
Croke Park, Dublin
Michael Fennelly
Willie Ryan

2008
Details
Kilkenny
3-30
Waterford
1-13
Croke Park, Dublin
James Fitzpatrick
Michael Walsh

2007
Details
Kilkenny
2-19
Limerick
1-15
Croke Park, Dublin
Henry Shefflin
Damien Reale

2006
Details
Kilkenny
1-16
Cork
1-13
Croke Park, Dublin
Jackie Tyrrell
Pat Mulcahy

2005
Details
Cork
1-21
Galway
1-16
Croke Park, Dublin
Seán Óg Ó hAilpín
Liam Donoghue

2004
Details
Cork
0-17
Kilkenny
0-9
Croke Park, Dublin
Ben O'Connor
Martin Comerford

2003
Details
Kilkenny
1-14
Cork
1-11
Croke Park, Dublin
D.J. Carey
Alan Browne

2002
Details
Kilkenny
2-20
Clare
0-19
Croke Park, Dublin
Andy Comerford
Brian Lohan

2001
Details
Tipperary
2-18
Galway
2-15
Croke Park, Dublin
Tommy Dunne
Liam Hodgins

2000
Details
Kilkenny
5-15
Offaly
1-14
Croke Park, Dublin
Willie O'Connor
Johnny Dooley

1999
Details
Cork
0-13
Kilkenny
0-12
Croke Park, Dublin
Mark Landers
Denis Byrne

1998
Details
Offaly
2-16
Kilkenny
1-13
Croke Park, Dublin
Hubert Rigney
Tom Hickey

1997
Details
Clare
0-20
Tipperary
2-13
Croke Park, Dublin
Anthony Daly
Conor Gleeson

1996
Details
Wexford
1-13
Limerick
0-14
Croke Park, Dublin
Martin Storey
Ciarán Carey

1995
Details
Clare
1-13
Offaly
2-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Anthony Daly
Johnny Pilkington

1994
Details
Offaly
3-16
Limerick
2-13
Croke Park, Dublin
Martin Hanamy
Gary Kirby

1993
Details
Kilkenny
2-17
Galway
1-15
Croke Park, Dublin
Eddie O'Connor
Michael McGrath

1992
Details
Kilkenny
3-10
Cork
1-12
Croke Park, Dublin
Liam Fennelly
Ger FitzGerald

1991
Details
Tipperary
1-16
Kilkenny
0-15
Croke Park, Dublin
Declan Carr
Christy Heffernan

1990
Details
Cork
5-15
Galway
2-21
Croke Park, Dublin
Tomás Mulcahy
Joe Cooney

1989
Details
Tipperary
4-24
Antrim
3-9
Croke Park, Dublin
Bobby Ryan
Ciarán Barr

1988
Details
Galway
1-15
Tipperary
0-14
Croke Park, Dublin
Conor Hayes
Nicky English

1987
Details
Galway
1-12
Kilkenny
0-9
Croke Park, Dublin
Conor Hayes
Paddy Prendergast

1986
Details
Cork
4-13
Galway
2-15
Croke Park, Dublin
Tom Cashman
Noel Lane

1985
Details
Offaly
2-11
Galway
1-12
Croke Park, Dublin
Pat Fleury
Michael Connolly

1984
Details
Cork
3-16
Offaly
1-12
Semple Stadium, Thurles
John Fenton
Pat Fleury

1983
Details
Kilkenny
2-14
Cork
2-12
Croke Park, Dublin
Liam Fennelly
Jimmy Barry-Murphy

1982
Details
Kilkenny
3-18
Cork
1-13
Croke Park, Dublin
Brian Cody
Jimmy Barry-Murphy

1981
Details
Offaly
2-12
Galway
0-15
Croke Park, Dublin
Pádraig Horan
Seán Silke

1980
Details
Galway
2-15
Limerick
3-9
Croke Park, Dublin
Joe Connolly
Seán Foley

1979
Details
Kilkenny
2-12
Galway
1-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Ger Fennelly
Joe McDonagh

1978
Details
Cork
1-15
Kilkenny
2-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Charlie McCarthy
Ger Henderson

1977
Details
Cork
1-17
Wexford
3-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Martin O'Doherty
Tony Doran

1976
Details
Cork
2-21
Wexford
4-11
Croke Park, Dublin
Ray Cummins
Tony Doran

19752
Details
Kilkenny
2-22
Galway
2-10
Croke Park, Dublin
Billy Fitzpatrick
John Connolly

1974
Details
Kilkenny
3-19
Limerick
1-13
Croke Park, Dublin
Nicky Orr
Seán Foley

1973
Details
Limerick
1-21
Kilkenny
1-14
Croke Park, Dublin
Éamonn Grimes
Pat Delaney

1972
Details
Kilkenny
3-24
Cork
5-11
Croke Park, Dublin
Noel Skehan
Frank Norberg

1971
Details
Tipperary
5-17
Kilkenny
5-14
Croke Park, Dublin
Tadhg O'Connor
Pat Henderson

19703
Details
Cork
6-21
Wexford
5-10
Croke Park, Dublin
Paddy Barry
Michael Collins

1969
Details
Kilkenny
2-15
Cork
2-9
Croke Park, Dublin
Eddie Keher
Denis Murphy

1968
Details
Wexford
5-8
Tipperary
3-12
Croke Park, Dublin
Dan Quigley
Mick Roche

1967
Details
Kilkenny
3-8
Tipperary
2-7
Croke Park, Dublin
Jim Treacy
Mick Roche

1966
Details
Cork
3-9
Kilkenny
1-10
Croke Park, Dublin
Gerald McCarthy
Jim Lynch

1965
Details
Tipperary
2-16
Wexford
0-10
Croke Park, Dublin
Jimmy Doyle
Tom Neville

1964
Details
Tipperary
5-13
Kilkenny
2-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Mick Murphy
Seán Buckley

1963
Details
Kilkenny
4-17
Waterford
6-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Séamus Cleere
Joe Condon

1962
Details
Tipperary
3-10
Wexford
2-11
Croke Park, Dublin
Jimmy Doyle
Billy Rackard

1961
Details
Tipperary
0-16
Dublin
1-12
Croke Park, Dublin
Matt Hassett
Noel Drumgoole

1960
Details
Wexford
2-15
Tipperary
0-11
Croke Park, Dublin
Nick O'Donnell
Tony Wall

1959
Details
Waterford
3-12
Kilkenny
1-10
Croke Park, Dublin
Frankie Walsh
Seán Clohessey

Drawn match
Waterford
1-17
Kilkenny
5-5
Croke Park, Dublin

1958
Details
Tipperary
4-9
Galway
2-5
Croke Park, Dublin
Tony Wall
Seán Cullinane

1957
Details
Kilkenny
4-10
Waterford
3-12
Croke Park, Dublin
Mickey Kelly
Phil Grimes

1956
Details
Wexford
2-14
Cork
2-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Jim English
Tony O'Shaughnessy

1955
Details
Wexford
3-13
Galway
2-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Nick O'Donnell
Jimmy Duggan

1954
Details
Cork
1-9
Wexford
1-6
Croke Park, Dublin
Christy Ring
Padge Kehoe

1953
Details
Cork
3-3
Galway
0-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Christy Ring
Mick Burke

1952
Details
Cork
2-14
Dublin
0-7
Croke Park, Dublin
Paddy Barry

1951
Details
Tipperary
7-7
Wexford
3-9
Croke Park, Dublin
Jimmy Finn
Nicky Rackard

1950
Details
Tipperary
1-9
Kilkenny
1-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Seán Kenny
Mick Kenny

1949
Details
Tipperary
3-11
Laois
0-3
Croke Park, Dublin
Pat Stakelum
Paddy Ruschitzko

1948
Details
Waterford
6-7
Dublin
4-2
Croke Park, Dublin
Jim Ware

1947
Details
Kilkenny
0-14
Cork
2-7
Croke Park, Dublin
Dan Kennedy
Seán Condon

1946
Details
Cork
7-5
Kilkenny
3-8
Croke Park, Dublin
Christy Ring
Jack Mulcahy

1945
Details
Tipperary
5-6
Kilkenny
3-6
Croke Park, Dublin
John Maher
Peter Blanchfield

1944
Details
Cork
2-13
Dublin
1-2
Croke Park, Dublin
Seán Condon

1943
Details
Cork
5-16
Antrim
0-4
Croke Park, Dublin
Mick Kennefick
Jimmy Walsh

1942
Details
Cork
2-14
Dublin
3-4
Croke Park, Dublin
Jack Lynch

1941
Details
Cork
5-11
Dublin
0-6
Croke Park, Dublin
Connie Buckley
Eddie Wade

1940
Details
Limerick
3-7
Kilkenny
1-7
Croke Park, Dublin
Mick Mackey
Jim Langton

1939
Details
Kilkenny
2-7
Cork
3-3
Croke Park, Dublin
Jimmy Walsh
Jack Lynch

1938
Details
Dublin
2-5
Waterford
1-6
Croke Park, Dublin
Mick Daniels

1937
Details
Tipperary
3-11
Kilkenny
0-3
FitzGerald Stadium, Killarney
Jimmy Lanigan

1936
Details
Limerick
5-6
Kilkenny
1-5
Croke Park, Dublin
Mick Mackey
Paddy Larkin

1935
Details
Kilkenny
2-5
Limerick
2-4
Croke Park, Dublin
Lory Meagher
Timmy Ryan

1934
Details
Limerick
5-2
Dublin
2-6
Croke Park, Dublin
Timmy Ryan

1933
Details
Kilkenny
1-7
Limerick
0-6
Croke Park, Dublin
Ned Doyle
Micky Fitzgibbon

1932
Details
Kilkenny
3-3
Clare
2-3
Croke Park, Dublin
Jimmy Walsh
John Joe 'Goggles' Doyle

1931
Details
Cork
5-8
Kilkenny
3-4
Croke Park, Dublin
Eudie Coughlan
Lory Meagher

1930
Details
Tipperary
2-7
Dublin
1-3
Croke Park, Dublin
John Joe Callinan

1929
Details
Cork
4-9
Galway
1-3
Croke Park, Dublin
Dinny Barry-Murphy

1928
Details
Cork
6-12
Galway
1-0
Croke Park, Dublin
Seán Óg Murphy

1927
Details
Dublin
4-8
Cork
1-3
Croke Park, Dublin
Mick Gill
Seán Óg Murphy

1926
Details
Cork
4-6
Kilkenny
2-0
Croke Park, Dublin
Seán Óg Murphy
Richard Grace

1925
Details
Tipperary
5-6
Galway
1-5
Croke Park, Dublin
Johnny Leahy

1924
Details
Dublin
5-3
Galway
2-6
Croke Park, Dublin
Frank Wall

1923
Details
Galway
7-3
Limerick
4-5
Croke Park, Dublin
Mick Kenny
Paddy McInerney

1922
Details
Kilkenny
5-3
Tipperary
2-6
Croke Park, Dublin
Wattie Dunphy
Johnny Leahy

1921
Details
Limerick
8-5
Dublin
3-2
Croke Park, Dublin
Bob McConkey

1920
Details
Dublin
4-9
Cork
4-3
Croke Park, Dublin
Bob Mockler
Dick O'Gorman

1919
Details
Cork
6-4
Dublin
2-4
Croke Park, Dublin
Jimmy Kennedy

1918
Details
Limerick
9-5
Wexford
1-3
Croke Park, Dublin
Willie Hough

1917
Details
Dublin
5-4
Tipperary
4-2
Croke Park, Dublin
John Ryan
Johnny Leahy

1916
Details
Tipperary
5-4
Kilkenny
3-2
Croke Park, Dublin
Johnny Leahy
Sim Walton

1915
Details
Laois
6-2
Cork
4-1
Croke Park, Dublin
Jack Finlay
Connie Sheehan

1914
Details
Clare
5-1
Laois
1-0
Croke Park, Dublin
Amby Power
Jack Carroll

1913 Details
Kilkenny
2-4
Tipperary
1-2
Jones' Road, Dublin
Dick Walsh
Patrick 'Wedger' Meagher

1912
Details
Kilkenny
2-1
Cork
1-3
Jones' Road, Dublin
Sim Walton
Barry Murphy

1911
[a]
Details
Kilkenny
w/o
Limerick
scr.

1910
Details
Wexford
7-0
Limerick
6-2
Jones' Road, Dublin
Dick Doyle
John "Tyler" Mackey

1909
Details
Kilkenny
4-6
Tipperary
0-12
Cork Athletic Grounds
Dick Walsh
Tom Semple

1908
Details
Tipperary
2-5
Dublin
1-8
Croke Park, Dublin

Tipperary
3-15
Dublin
1-5
Geraldine Park, Athy
Tom Semple

1907
Details
Kilkenny
3-12
Cork
4-8
Fraher Field, Dungarvan
Dick Walsh
Jamesy Kelleher

1906
Details
Tipperary
3-16
Dublin
3-8
Kilkenny
Tom Semple

1905[b]
Details
Cork
5-10
Kilkenny
3-12
Fraher Field, Dungarvan
D.J. Stapleton
Christy Young

Kilkenny
7-7
Cork
2-9
Tipperary

1904
Details
Kilkenny
1-9
Cork
1-8
Carrick-on-Suir
Jer Doheny
Dan Harrington

1903
Details
Cork
3-16
London
1-1
Fraher Field, Dungarvan
Steva Riordan

1902
Details
Cork
3-13
London
0-0
Cork Athletic Grounds, Cork
Jamesy Kelleher

1901
Details
London
1-5
Cork
0-4
Jones' Road
Jack Coughlan

1900
Details
Tipperary
3-13
London
0-6
Jones' Road
Ned Hayes
Dan Horgan

1899[c]
Details
Tipperary
3-12
Wexford
1-4
Jones' Road
Tom Condon
James Furlong

1898
Details
Tipperary
7-13
Kilkenny
3-10
Jones' Road
Mikey Maher

1897
Details
Limerick
3-4
Kilkenny
2-4
Jones' Road
Denis Grimes

1896
Details
Tipperary
8-14
Dublin
0-4
Jones' Road
Mikey Maher

1895
Details
Tipperary
6-8
Kilkenny
1-0
Jones' Road
Mikey Maher

1894
Details
Cork
5-20
Dublin
2-0
Clonturk Park, Drumcondra
Stephen Hayes

1893
Details
Cork
6-8
Kilkenny
0-2
Phoenix Park
John 'Curtis' Murphy

1892[d]
Details
Cork
2-4
Dublin
1-1
Clonturk Park, Drumcondra
Bill O'Callaghan

1891
Details
Kerry
(Ballyduff)
2-3
Wexford
(Crossabeg)
1-5
Clonturk Park, Drumcondra
John Mahony
Nick Daly

1890[e]
Details
Cork
(Aughabullogue)
1-6
Wexford
(Castlebridge)
2-2
Clonturk Park, Drumcondra
Dan Lane
Nick Daly

1889
Details
Dublin
(Kickhams)
5-4[2]
Clare
(Tulla)
1-6
Pond Field, Inchicore
Nicholas O'Shea
John Considine

1888[f]
Not Played

1887
Details
Tipperary
(Thurles)
1-1 (1)
Galway
(Meelick)
0-0 (0)
Birr Sportsfield, Birr
Jim Stapleton

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
a. ^ Limerick refused to play in Thurles after the original fixture on 18 February 1911 in Cork was postponed owing to the state of pitch. Kilkenny were awarded the All-Ireland title. Tipperary were nominated to play in the All-Ireland final in their absence.
b. ^ A refixture of the All-Ireland Final was needed following an objection and a counter-objection.
c. ^ The 1899 final was left unfinished with Tipperary being awarded the title.
d. ^ Dublin withdrew from the field with ten minutes remaining. after Cork were awarded a disputed goal. Cork were awarded the title.
e. ^ Cork withdrew from the field in protest at rough play by the Wexford team. Cork were awarded the title.
f. ^ The 1888 Championship was unfinished owing to a tour of the United States by hurlers, footballers and athletes.

text:
1997 was the first All-Ireland Hurling Final where the two competing teams came from the same province.
1975 was the first 70-minute All-Ireland Hurling Final.
1970 was the first 80-minute All-Ireland Hurling Final.
A refixture of the All-Ireland Final was needed following an objection and a counter objection.
The 1892 final was left unfinished with Cork being awarded the title.
The 1890 final was left unfinished with Cork being awarded the title.


document_title: List of Back to the Future characters

question_text: back to the future part 2 marty's mom

question_tokens: back to the future part 2 marty 's mom

root

text: List of Back to the Future characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Marty McFly[edit]

text: Martin Seamus "Marty" McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox in the films and voiced by David Kaufman in the animated series and AJ LoCascio in Back to the Future: The Game) is the son of George McFly and Lorraine Baines McFly. Marty travels between the past and the future, encountering his ancestors and descendants. Marty and his friend Doc Brown help restore the space-time continuum while encountering Biff Tannen (or members of the Tannen clan) at various points in time.

tag: p

text: Emmett "Doc" Brown[edit]

text: Doctor Emmett Lathrop "Doc" Brown (portrayed by Christopher Lloyd in the films and Back to the Future: The Game, and voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series) is the inventor of the DeLorean time machine. At various points in time, Doc helps Marty restore the space-time continuum and reverse the changes that were caused by time travel.

text: In 2008, the character was selected by film magazine Empire as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking at #76.[1]

text: Biff Tannen[edit]

text: Biff Howard Tannen (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in the films and animated series and voiced by Kid Beyond in Back to the Future: The Game) is the main antagonist of the first 2 films and a local bully who harassed George McFly and has once altered history in the second film. He comes from a long line of bullies in Hill Valley, most of whom harassed members of the McFly family. Biff is also a descendant of Buford Tannen (also portrayed by Wilson), who is one of Hill Valley's outlaws during the 1880s.

text: McFly family[edit]

text: George McFly[edit]

text: George Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future and by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave from the union with his wife Lorraine Baines McFly. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.

text: In the first film, George is portrayed as weak and the main target of Biff Tannen's bullying. The novelization of the film expounds on George's history of weakness, describing two incidents in which he is unable to stand up for himself. In 1955, in contrast with Marty, George did not have any friends for support and was targeted not only by Biff and his gang but also other kids in school. He has a penchant for science fiction, and writes some of his own but never allows himself to share them with anyone due to his fear of rejection. In 1955, with Marty's help, he gets the courage to stand up to Biff, knocking him unconscious. As a result, he and Lorraine fall in love and George becomes popular in school for defeating Biff in a fight. In the new future, they are both happily married with George working as a college professor and being a successful writer who orders Biff around. In the alternate timeline in Part II, George was murdered by Biff in 1973.

text: George's character was greatly reduced in the sequels, and the role was recast to Jeffrey Weissman.[2] Weissman wore prosthetics to resemble Glover and imitated Glover's rendering of McFly, and his scenes were spliced with shots of Glover from Back to the Future.[3] The result was so convincing that many people were fooled by it.[3] Glover did not appreciate this, and sued. The lawsuit resulted in the adoption of stricter rules by the Screen Actors Guild to prevent this situation from occurring again.[3]

text: Lorraine Baines-McFly[edit]

text: Lorraine Baines-McFly (portrayed by Lea Thompson and voiced by Aimee Miles in Back to the Future: The Game) is the wife of George McFly and the mother of Marty, Linda and Dave. She is the eldest daughter of Sam (George DiCenzo) and Stella (Frances Lee McCain) Baines, and sister of Milton (Jason Hervey), Sally (Maia Brewton), Toby, and Joey.

text: In Back to the Future, Lorraine is initially portrayed in 1985 as middle-aged and unhappy. After Marty changes the timeline, she is shown to be fit and happily married to George in 1985. In Part II, she is still happily married to George in 2015, but in the dystopian alternate 1985 timeline she is widowed and married to Biff.

text: Dave McFly[edit]

text: David "Dave" McFly (portrayed by Marc McClure) is the eldest child of George and Lorraine McFly. In 1985 before Marty went to 1955, Dave works at Burger King, but in the post-time travel 1985 he wears a suit as a nondescript white-collar worker for an accounting firm. In a deleted scene from Part II, the alternate 1985 timeline shows that Dave is an alcoholic and a gambling addict following George's death and Lorraine's second marriage to Biff.

text: Linda McFly[edit]

text: Linda McFly (portrayed by Wendie Jo Sperber) is the middle child and only daughter of George and Lorraine McFly. In 1985 before Marty went to 1955, Linda is having boy trouble and it is unknown if she is in college or has a job. In 1985 after Marty went to 1955, Linda works in a boutique and has gained the attention of many boys.

text: Seamus and Maggie McFly[edit]

text: Seamus and Maggie McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox and Lea Thompson) are Irish immigrants and the paternal great-great-grandparents of Marty McFly. In Part III, Marty is befriended by Seamus and Maggie. While Maggie does not trust the "strange young man", Seamus has a familiar feeling about him and believes that helping him is the right thing to do. They have a son named William (Marty's great-grandfather). Much like his descendants, Seamus is harassed by a member of the Tannen family, Buford Tannen.

text: Maggie McFly is played by Lea Thompson, who also plays Marty's mother Lorraine, even though Maggie is not an ancestor of Lorraine; in a DVD commentary track for Part III, Bob Gale states that the creative team considered it important to include Thompson in the film, and he imagines that McFly men are simply "genetically predisposed" to be attracted to women who look like her.

text: Marty (Jr.) and Marlene McFly[edit]

text: Marty (Jr.) and Marlene McFly (both portrayed by Michael J. Fox) are Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker's future fraternal twin son and daughter in Part II.

text: Originally Marty (Jr.) was to be arrested for joining a robbery initiated by Griff and his gang. Marlene attempted to help Marty Jr. break out of jail but failed and was sentenced to 20 years in a woman's prison. Doc and Marty prevented the event from ever happening.

text: Brown family[edit]

text: Clara Clayton[edit]

text: Clara Clayton (portrayed by Mary Steenburgen in both Back to the Future Part III and the animated series) is the wife of Doc Brown and mother of Jules and Verne Brown.

text: Clara moved to Hill Valley and originally died in an accident when her wagon plummeted into Shonash Ravine, which was renamed Clayton Ravine in her memory. The animated series reveals that Clara, along with the rest of the family, moves to the early 1990s and lives in a farmhouse outside of Hill Valley. She then becomes a teacher at Hill Valley Elementary School.

text: Jules and Verne Brown[edit]

text: Jules Eratosthenes Brown and Verne Newton Brown (portrayed by Todd Cameron Brown and Daniel Evans in Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Josh Keaton and Troy Davidson in the animated series) are the two children of Doc Brown and his wife, Clara, who named them after their favorite author Jules Verne.

text: The characters had minor, non-speaking roles in Back to the Future Part III but were further developed in the animated series. Jules, an introvert, mostly imitates his father's interests and mannerisms while Verne appears to be more outgoing and extroverted. Several plot points of the animated series revolve around either Jules or Verne altering history and the steps necessary to correct the damage.

text: Copernicus[edit]

text: Copernicus is Doc's dog from 1955. Like his other dogs, Copernicus was used in many of Doc's experiments. When Copernicus died, he was replaced by Einstein.

text: Einstein[edit]

text: Einstein (portrayed by Tiger in the first film and Freddie in the other two and voiced by Danny Mann in the animated series) is Doc Brown's pet Catalan sheepdog. He later becomes one of the main characters in the animated series as the Brown family's dog.

text: In the first film, Doc successfully tests his time machine by placing Einstein in it and sending him one minute into the future. In the animated series, Einstein becomes anthropomorphic and smarter, helping Doc with his inventions for traveling to the past and the future.

text: Tannen family[edit]

text: Irving "Kid" Tannen[edit]

text: Kid Tannen is Biff's father who only appears in the Back to the Future game. Kid is a gangster who runs a local speakeasy in the 1930s Hill Valley. He, like the rest of the Tannen family, bullies the McFly family forcing Marty's grandfather Arthur to do his accounting. Kid is brought down with the help of Marty, a young version of Doc, and Arthur McFly. He later marries Edna Strickland and reforms from his criminal ways with her help.

text: Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen[edit]

text: Buford Tannen (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in Back to the Future Part III) is the main antagonist of the third film. He is the great-grandfather of Biff Tannen and the local town outlaw in 1885 Hill Valley. He was nicknamed "Mad Dog" by a newspaper reporter, due to his violent temper and propensity for drooling, a nickname Tannen greatly despises. Buford is cruel, homicidal, rude, and emotionally unstable. He displays a need for control and is brought down to childlike tantrums when he is humiliated or makes mistakes, whether it be something that happens to him or something he says or does. He is often accompanied by his gang (played by Christopher Wynne, Sean Sullivan and Mike Watson), and developed a feud with Marshal James Strickland and his deputies.

text: Griff[edit]

text: Griff (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in both Back to the Future Part II and in the animated series) is a grandson of Biff. He is part of a gang that also consists of "Data", "Spike", and "Whitey" (portrayed by Ricky Dean Logan, Darlene Vogel, and Jason Scott Lee).

text: In the animated series, Griff makes a brief cameo appearance in the episode "Solar Sailors" where his grandson, Ziff (also voiced by Wilson), is detained after he attempts to sabotage Marta McFly's space cruiser due to his hatred towards her family.

text: Griff's last name is never mentioned in the movies, which means he could either be the son of Biff's son Biff Jr, or the son of Biff's daughter, Tiffaney. However, in the animated series, Ziff refers that both he and Griff are Tannens.

text: Biff Tannen, Jr.[edit]

text: In the animated series, Biff Jr. is the son of Biff Tannen. Like his father and paternal relatives, he likes to bully and steal from children around him including Jules and Verne Brown with whom he developed a feud. In addition, Biff Jr. delights vandalizing other people's properties. Biff Jr. lives with his father with whom he has an abusive relationship. He is voiced by Benji Gregory.

text: Strickland family[edit]

text: Gerald Strickland[edit]

text: Gerald Strickland[4] (portrayed by James Tolkan) is the strict principal of Hill Valley High School. He is the grandson of Chief Marshal James Strickland of Hill Valley 1885.

text: There is a reference from Verne Brown that there is another Strickland who works at Hill Valley Elementary School as its vice principal.[episode needed]

text: James Strickland[edit]

text: James Strickland (portrayed by James Tolkan in Back to the Future Part III) is the chief marshal of Hill Valley in 1885 and the grandfather of Mr. Strickland. He also has an unnamed son (portrayed by Kaleb Henley), who will become Gerald Strickland's father.

text: Edna Strickland[edit]

text: Edna Strickland, in Back to the Future: The Game, is the sister of Gerald Strickland. She is somewhat nicer than her brother, but still set in her ways towards upholding strong morals and abolishing crime and laziness. After Marty alters her original timeline, Edna marries Kid Tannen who becomes the father of Biff Tannen.

text: Other characters[edit]

text: Jennifer Parker[edit]

text: Jennifer Jane Parker is the girlfriend (and, in 2015 in Back to the Future Part II, the wife) of Marty McFly.

text: The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin-off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini.

text: In 1985, Jennifer attends Hill Valley High School, along with her boyfriend Marty. In the animated series, Jennifer is enrolled to Hill Valley College with Marty after graduating high school and working part-time as a tutor. She lives with her family on a ranch, the deed to which was owned by Biff Tannen, after one of his ancestors forced Jennifer's great-great-grandfather to sign it over by holding Jennifer's great-great-grandmother hostage. In the episode "A Friend in Deed", Marty travels back in time to 1875 and sabotages the deal with help from Jules and Verne.[5]

text: In the future witnessed in Back to the Future Part II, Jennifer and Marty had two children, Marlene and Marty Jr. (both played by Michael J. Fox)

text: Douglas J. Needles[edit]

text: Douglas J. Needles (portrayed by Flea in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III) is an acquaintance of Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker from Hill Valley High School. Like his school's alumnus, Biff Tannen, Needles also has his own gang (portrayed by Christopher Wynne, J.J. Cohen, and Ricky Dean Logan) and develops a rivalry with Marty. Needles often goads Marty into doing reckless things such as a street race that leads Marty to crash into a Rolls Royce and an illegal transaction which results in his firing in 2015.

text: Goldie Wilson[edit]

text: Goldie Wilson (played by Donald Fullilove in part 1) is a young man working at Lou's Cafe in 1955 who goes on to become the first black Mayor of Hill Valley in the 1980s. A campaign poster shows the name Goldie in quotation marks, suggesting Goldie is a nickname, presumably in reference to his gold tooth. He would also have a grandson, Goldie Wilson III (also played by Fullilove) in Part II, who works as a car salesman.

text: Match, Skinhead, and 3-D[edit]

text: Match (portrayed by Billy Zane), Skinhead (portrayed by Jeffrey Jay Cohen), and 3-D (portrayed by Casey Siemaszko) are the three high school boys who make up Biff Tannen's gang in 1955. Their nicknames are only given in the films' novels, screenplays, and credits. Only one of their real names is mentioned in the movies – Biff refers to Skinhead as Joey in one of the 1955 scenes in Back to the Future Part II, while outside of the "Enchantment Under the Sea" dance.

text: In the alternate 1985, the three work in Biff's casino as his bodyguards. Each gets his nickname from a distinctive character trait. Match often has a match sticking out of his mouth; Skinhead has very short, close-cropped hair; 3-D is always wearing a pair of anaglyphic 3-D glasses (a reference to the 3-D movies that were popular in the 1950s).


document_title: How to Get Away with Murder (season 4)

question_text: how to get away with a murderer season 4 frank

text: How to Get Away with Murder (season 4)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Annalise (Viola Davis) and the Keating Four are still dealing with the aftermath of Wes' (Alfred Enoch) death.  Annalise works with a therapist, Dr. Issac Roa, to see through her recovery from alcoholism, and cuts ties with her associates. In the mean time, Connor (Jack Falahee) declines Oliver's (Conrad Ricamora) proposal, Laurel (Karla Souza) expects Wes' baby, Michaela (Aja Naomi King) and Asher (Matt McGorry) team up for internships, and Bonnie (Liza Weil) seeks her professional future. Meanwhile, Laurel has deduced that her father, Jorge Castillo (Esai Morales), is responsible for Wes' murder and hatches a scheme to steal incriminating evidence with Michaela, Oliver, and a reluctant Frank and Asher. During the data heist, classmate Simon Drake (Behzad Dabu) accidentally shoots himself with Laurel's gun, leading to Asher's arrest, and Laurel goes into premature labor after being accidentally struck by Frank. Though Annalise successfully saves the baby, Jorge confiscates it while Laurel is in the hospital.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Viola Davis as Annalise Keating
Billy Brown as Nate Lahey
Jack Falahee as Connor Walsh
Aja Naomi King as Michaela Pratt
Matt McGorry as Asher Millstone
Conrad Ricamora as Oliver Hampton
Karla Souza as Laurel Castillo
Charlie Weber as Frank Delfino
Liza Weil as Bonnie Winterbottom

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Jimmy Smits as Isaac Roa
Esai Morales as Jorge Castillo
Benito Martinez as Todd Denver
Behzad Dabu as Simon Drake
Amirah Vann as Tegan Price
Nicholas Gonzalez as Dominic
Lolita Davidovich as Sandrine Castillo
John Hensley as Ronald Miller

text: Special guest[edit]

text: Kerry Washington as Olivia Pope

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Cicely Tyson as Ophelia Harkness
Roger Robinson as Mac Harkness
Gwendolyn Mulamba as Celestine Harkness
Julius Tennon as Desmond
Stephanie Faracy as Ellen Freeman
L. Scott Caldwell as Jasmine Bromelle
Marianne Jean-Baptiste as Virginia Cross
Cristine Rose as Wenona Sansbury
D. W. Moffett as Jeff Walsh
Jim Abele as Ted Walsh
Luna Vélez as Soraya Hargrove
Kathryn Erbe as Jacqueline Roa
Oded Fehr as Chase
Alfred Enoch as Wes Gibbins
Glynn Turman as Nate Lahey Sr.
Cornelius Smith Jr. as Marcus Walker
Tom Irwin as Spivey
Sharon Lawrence as Ingrid Egan
Rome Flynn as Gabriel Maddox

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)461"I'm Going Away"Jet WilkinsonPeter NowalkSeptember 28, 2017 (2017-09-28)3.96[4]
Annalise hosts a dinner to dismiss the Keating Four and Bonnie from their jobs as they decide to move on and seek new opportunities. During a flight to visit her mother, she meets Desmond and later calls him for casual sex at his hotel, but stops his advances and walks out after suspecting he is married. Stressed by her mother's dementia, Annalise considers placing her in a nursing home. Meanwhile, Connor rejects Oliver's marriage proposal, stating that he wants them to get married when the time is right. Laurel correctly suspects her father, Jorge, was involved in Wes' death and decides to have the baby. Michaela and Asher apply for internships. Bonnie has a job interview at the courthouse with DA Todd Denver. Back from visiting her mother, Annalise attends a court hearing and is reinstated as a lawyer after agreeing to attend therapy sessions with Dr. Isaac Roa.

Flashforward: Three months later, Frank and Isaac rush into a hospital room where Laurel is unconscious. Frank wakes her up and she realizes her baby is gone.
472"I'm Not Her"Paris BarclayMaya GoldsmithOctober 5, 2017 (2017-10-05)3.88[5]
On her second session with Dr. Roa, Annalise tells him how her week went when she decided to take the case of Jasmine, one of her cellmates from when she was in prison. Meanwhile, the Keating Four try to move on with their lives by getting interviews at the Middleton Law job fair. Meanwhile, Nate suspects Annalise is plotting something when he finds out Bonnie is working for the DA's office. With aid from Connor, Laurel continues to investigate her father Jorge's company and his involvement in Wes' death. Laurel finds out Michaela accepted an offer for a job at Caplan & Gold, the firm that represents Jorge's company, and tells her she suspects Jorge killed Wes. She then asks for Michaela's help in bringing him down.

Flashforward: Two and a half months later, Isaac calls Annalise, but she does not answer. Meanwhile, going to Annalise's hotel room, Bonnie walks into a new crime scene; she then makes her way to the elevator, where there are bloody hand prints.
483"It's for the Greater Good"Nicole RubioErika HarrisonOctober 12, 2017 (2017-10-12)3.88[6]
Annalise takes on a case and quickly realizes the stakes are much higher than she originally thought. Meanwhile, Laurel asks Michaela to help her get information regarding Wes' death and Connor decides to withdraw from law school.

Flashforward: Two months later, Isaac runs into Michaela, who is covered in blood and heavily distraught, looking around a nursery and asking where Laurel's baby is.
494"Was She Ever Good at Her Job?"Mike SmithMichael RussoOctober 19, 2017 (2017-10-19)3.56[7]
Annalise and Michaela are forced to work together on a case involving the Middleton University president, Soraya Hargrove. Oliver gets in touch with Connor's dads, hoping to reconnect him with his biological father, Jeff. At the courthouse, Denver discovers that Bonnie hired Laurel and orders her to fire her, but Bonnie responds that Laurel might file a discrimination lawsuit due to her pregnancy. Later, Bonnie arrives for a session with Isaac under the fake name Julie.

Flashforward: One and a half months later, Bonnie tries to gets in touch with Isaac, who is preoccupied consoling a distraught Michaela. She walks into the Caplan & Gold law firm, where a pool of blood is seen on the floor and Oliver is shown to have been a witness.
505"I Love Her"Lexi AlexanderSarah L. ThompsonOctober 26, 2017 (2017-10-26)3.56[8]
In need of forty clients, Annalise continues collecting cases for her class action suit. Bonnie sends Nate to investigate, but he actually he warns her. In 2002, Annalise defended a councilman Bonnie accused of rape. Even though she won the case, Annalise resigned from her law firm out of guilt over how she treated Bonnie on the stand. Afterwards, she approached Bonnie, suggesting she become a lawyer. Michaela and Oliver use Tegan's computer to access Antares' files, only to find a cease and desist letter the firm sent to an Antares employee who was murdered. With all her secrecy, Asher begins to doubt Michaela. Frank asks Laurel if the baby is really Wes', making her angry and distraught for cheating on Wes. Annalise succeeds in getting the necessary forty clients, only to lose a majority of them as Bonnie lures each into a plea deal. Isaac discovers that Julie is actually Bonnie and the "Mae" she has been referring to all along is Annalise.

Flashforward: Two weeks later, Bonnie investigates the crime scene at Caplan & Gold and learns that the suspect, revealed to be Asher, is in jail, in distress and crying.
516"Stay Strong, Mama"Cherie NowlanMorenike BalogunNovember 2, 2017 (2017-11-02)3.56[9]
In an attempt to derail Annalise's class action suit, Denver threatens to seize Claudia's family's home if she does not withdraw from the lawsuit. Annalise retaliates by having Claudia's son, Tyrone, read a statement to the governor in a press conference about the threats, therefore hurting Denver's bid for attorney general. Denver kicks Bonnie off of the lawsuit, believing that she is too emotionally invested. Annalise reveals to Isaac that, after her miscarriage, she attempted suicide. Though triggered by his similarities to Annalise's trauma, Isaac refuses to transfer Annalise to a new therapist, despite the requests of his own therapist, his ex-wife. Jorge visits Laurel to tell her that Antares is going public, leading Laurel to realize that he had Wes killed because Antares' reputation would have been damaged had Wes confessed about Sam and Rebecca's murders. Upon learning that Antares is having a security room installed at Caplan & Gold accessible by Tegan, among others, Oliver tries to convince Michaela to use Tegan's security badge to access the room, but she refuses. After being confronted by Asher, Michaela explains why she, Laurel, and Oliver were secretly meeting, but Asher storms out. Frank learns that he scored well on the Law School Admission Test and promises to be a good father to Laurel's baby.

Flashforward: One week later, Isaac tries to get a hold of Annalise, who is in the shower, distraught and washing blood off herself.
527"Nobody Roots for Goliath"Nzingha StewartDaniel RobinsonNovember 9, 2017 (2017-11-09)3.71[10]
As Annalise tries to certify her class action law suit, the attorney general targets her alcoholism in an attempt to take her down, forcing her to figure out a way to rule out those accusations. Annalise also drops Isaac as her therapist after his ex-wife tells her that she is triggering him and may be threatening his sobriety. Meanwhile, Asher convinces Laurel, Michaela, and Oliver to tell Frank about their plan, hoping he'll convince them out of it. Instead, Frank agrees to help them, as they are all intent on getting justice for Wes. Later that night, Connor proposes to Oliver, who reveals what the others have been up to and that they know who killed Wes.

Flashforward: Two days later, a group of surgeons are operating on a patient who suddenly goes into cardiac arrest.
538"Live. Live. Live."Rob HardyJoe FazzioNovember 16, 2017 (2017-11-16)3.72[11]
Canceling his proposal to Oliver, Connor confronts Laurel about her plan to expose Antares and her father for Wes' death, resulting in a fight between him and Frank. Despite Connor and Oliver's reluctance, they agree to steal Tegan's keycard and blame it on Simon. Connor decides to tell Annalise, who has taken Isaac back as her therapist. At the party, Simon admits he loves Oliver and later catches Laurel, Michaela, and Asher as they try to escape with a hard drive containing all of Antares' files. Simon finds a gun in Laurel's bag and questions the group before accidentally shooting himself in the head, leading to Asher's arrest. In shock, Laurel leaves with the hard drive and heads to Annalise's hotel, where she goes into premature labor, having been struck earlier by Frank during his fight with Connor. Annalise finds her and performs CPR on the baby to save him. Meanwhile, Simon goes into cardiac arrest during surgery.
549"He's Dead"Jet WilkinsonAbby AjayiJanuary 18, 2018 (2018-01-18)3.80[12]
Laurel and the baby are brought into a hospital, where Annalise informs Connor of what happened to Laurel, which Dominic overhears, while asking what happened, and then meets Frank there. The baby is still alive. Meanwhile, Michaela and Oliver are questioned about what happened, and Michaela figures out that Asher was arrested because he told the police the truth, so both she and Oliver try telling the same story where Asher took the gun. Annalise soon finds out that Jorge, informed by Dominic of Laurel's plan, is taking Laurel's baby away and he claims that Laurel used drugs, so he can take custody of his grandson. Annalise brings Isaac to help her evaluate Laurel and dismiss Jorge's accusations. However, Annalise is not able to stop the process in time and Jorge takes the baby to an unknown location. Bonnie informs Laurel, Frank and Annalise that the hard drive was not on the elevator, and she and Nate help Asher get out of jail, while the police investigate. Once Connor, Oliver, Michaela and Asher meet up in the hospital, they all find out that Simon is still alive. Frank murders Dominic out of rage, and he plays a voicemail he found on Dominic's phone for Annalise: it is Wes calling his emergency contact, using his birth name "Christophe".
5510"Everything We Did Was for Nothing"Jonathan BrownMatthew CruzJanuary 25, 2018 (2018-01-25)3.54[13]
Laurel asks Annalise to get her out of the hospital. Michaela finds out Annalise is not actually trying to get her out, but when she confronts her, Annalise reveals she's worried about Laurel's mental state. Meanwhile, Annalise assigns Connor, Oliver and Asher to work on the class action suit. Michaela finds out that Laurel went into early labour because Frank hit her accidentally, and she tells both Annalise and Frank, so Annalise gets Isaac to make an evaluation to Laurel so they can release her. Also, Oliver feels guilty over Simon's shooting and visits him, with Asher and Connor trying to make him feel better. Frank disposes of Dominic's body, but he keeps his phone, and someone keeps calling; when Laurel hears the message Wes left on Dominic's voicemail, she decides to answer the phone, and to everybody's surprise, it's actually her mother.
5611"He's a Bad Father"Marta CunninghamMaya GoldsmithFebruary 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)3.68[14]
Laurel tells her mother, Sandrine Castillo, about Dominic's death, but lies that Jorge killed him, and asks for her help to get back her son's custody in a hearing. Meanwhile, Asher, Connor and Oliver find out more about Nate's father, Nate Lahey Sr, who is mentally ill and been in prison for decades. Before the custody hearing begins, Jorge claims to Laurel that he did not kill Wes. During the custody hearing, Annalise gets Sandrine and Isaac to testify for Laurel, but Jorge's lawyers discredit Issac when they reveal he is a current suspect on his own daughter's "suicide". As a result, Laurel loses custody of her son, though visiting privileges have not yet been decided. Meanwhile, Annalise and Nate visit Nate's father, the latter hoping to make things better with him, and the former hoping to have him on the class action. Frank and Bonnie learn that Wes didn't call Dominic more than that one time, but he met with Sandrine the day before he died.
5712"Ask Him About Stella"Stephen CraggTess LeibowitzFebruary 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)3.26[15]
Dr. Isaac Roa falls into his addiction again after the custody trial, but he soon tells Annalise. She tells him she understands, but he has to stop and asks him to go to a meeting. Laurel waits to visit her son, and the rest of the Keating Four try to help Annalise by making an opening statement in the class action suit. Michaela and Connor compete over whose idea is the best, while Annalise deals with Roa's addiction and tries to help him. After a discovery, Annalise confronts Isaac about his daughter's death. Isaac confesses he had not been sober for 23 years, and he covered his daughter's death as a suicide because she took his drugs. Annalise and Isaac fight and she leaves, revealing Isaac's addiction to Jacqueline. Annalise's class action is dismissed, and Nate tells his father. After the loss, Michaela convinces Annalise not to give up, and Connor and Oliver get engaged again while Connor decides to get back into Law school. Frank confronts Laurel's mother about how she knew Wes, and Bonnie makes Denver drop the investigation against Isaac on his daughter's death. The episode ends with Annalise entering a conference, with a lady who fixes problems: Olivia Pope.
5813"Lahey v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania"Zetna FuentesMorenike Balogun & Sarah L. ThompsonMarch 1, 2018 (2018-03-01)4.14[16]
Annalise gets Olivia Pope to help her with the class action, and after both of them get the case to be heard by the Supreme Court, they have to get Annalise prepared for exposing the case. In the meantime, Michaela and Marcus Walker investigate someone giving info to one of the justices of the Supreme Court. During the stake out, Michaela cheats on Asher with Marcus, and her friends notice the next day, except Asher. Right before they start, Annalise gets a call from Jacqueline Roa, who tells her Isaac has overdosed and he's in the hospital, and she ruined him just like everything in her life. Annalise starts panicking and she asks Olivia to take her place. Olivia tells her she has to do it, and helps her get up again. Annalise goes to expose the case to the Supreme Court and their response is postponed. Meanwhile, Frank and Bonnie keep investigating Sandrine's involvement with Wes' death, and Frank finally reveals to Laurel that her mother is keeping something from her, and shows her recordings Wes made with her mother the day before he died. Annalise and Olivia say their goodbyes,  then Bonnie calls Annalise to tell her Simon is awake.

This episode concludes a crossover event that begins on Scandal season 7 episode 12.
5914"The Day Before He Died"Scott PrintzJoe FazzioMarch 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)3.36[17]
With Simon awake, Annalise sends Oliver to his hospital room to see how much he remembers. He is slowly regaining his memories, but later agrees to keep quiet after Annalise blackmails him. A recovering Isaac tells Annalise that they can't see each other anymore. Asher finds out Michaela cheated on him, and confronts her about it. Laurel meets with Denver and obtains Sandrine's phone records the day Wes died. She learns that Sandrine informed Jorge that Wes was going to testify, leading to Wes' death. Bonnie discovers that Denver is playing both sides, and has the hard drive. After Bonnie tells this to Annalise on a voicemail, Nate informs her and Frank that there has been a car accident, and a body is seen being taken away.

Flashback: The day before Wes died, we see him receive a call from Laurel's mother asking him to meet her; she asks him to stop seeing Laurel to protect her and she offers him $100,000, but Wes refuses as he loves Laurel. The night of the fire, Wes calls Sandrine and tells her he's going to turn himself in. Out of options, Sandrine calls Jorge and tells him to "do something" about it.
6015"Nobody Else Is Dying"Jet WilkinsonPeter NowalkMarch 15, 2018 (2018-03-15)3.83[18]
Foul play is suspected in DA Todd Denver's sudden death. Jorge Castillo calls Laurel inquiring about the whereabouts of Sandrine, but Laurel says she doesn't know. The Keating Four—along with Oliver, Frank, and Annalise—are worried about the missing hard drive. Nate manages to recover Dominick's phone, the hard drive, and Denver's files on everyone. He lies to Bonnie, telling her that he destroyed their files. Believing that Simon is becoming a threat, Michaela calls ICE to have him deported. Annalise persuades Tegan into jumping ship to bring Jorge down, failure of which she might be charged as his co-conspirator. She later decides to call it a truce by giving up the hard drive to Jorge, in exchange for giving up his custody battle—he is later arrested on multiple criminal charges, including Denver's suspected murder. Connor confesses that he didn't abandon his studies, but failed out, and he applies to re-enroll. SCOTUS rules in favor of the class action law suit. As Nate peruses through the files, he finds out there is an unnamed presumed dead or missing child perceived to be alive. A young man, Gabriel Maddox, enrolls at Middleton, catching Frank's attention.

tag: table

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: How to Get Away with Murder was renewed for a fourth season on February 10, 2017, by ABC.[1] Production began on May 8, 2017, when one of the writers of the show announced on Twitter that the writing staff was in full swing mapping and writing the fourth season.[19] The table read occurred on July 14, 2017.[20] Showrunner Peter Nowalk revealed the title of the season premiere to be "I'm Going Away".[21]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The cast features nine major roles receiving star billing, all of them returning from the previous season. Viola Davis portrays the protagonist of the series, Professor Annalise Keating, a high-profile defense attorney, teaching a class at Middleton University. Billy Brown portrays Detective Nate Lahey, Annalise's boyfriend. There are four students who work at Annalise's law firm. Jack Falahee portrays Connor Walsh, the ruthless student. Aja Naomi King plays Michaela Pratt, the ambitious student who wants to be as successful as Annalise. Matt McGorry continues portraying Asher Millstone, a student who comes from a privileged background. Karla Souza portrays Laurel Castillo, an idealistic student. Charlie Weber plays Frank Delfino, an employee of Annalise's firm who is not a lawyer but handles special duties requiring discretion. Liza Weil plays Bonnie Winterbottom, who is an associate attorney in Annalise's firm. Conrad Ricamora portrays Oliver Hampton, a hacker who is in a relationship with Connor.

text: In July 2017, Jimmy Smits was cast in an unspecified role.[22] He plays Dr. Isaac Roa, Annalise's court-requested therapist. In August, Davis' husband, Julius Tennon, was confirmed to guest star.[23] He plays Desmond, a man who flirts with Annalise during a flight. In September 2017, Natalie Abrams of EW.com revealed that D. W. Moffett was cast as Connor's father.[24] In January 2018, it was announced that Lolita Davidovich would recur in the second half of the season.[25] She plays the role of Sandrine Castillo, Laurel's mother.

text: Scandal crossover[edit]

text: On January 3, 2018, Scandal star Kerry Washington tweeted out a photo to Viola Davis of herself in a "familiar" setting, that being a courthouse used for the set of How to Get Away with Murder.[26] Fans began to speculate a possible crossover episode being in the works, which was only heightened when Davis tweeted out a photo in response, that being her on the set of Mellie Grant's (Bellamy Young) Oval Office.[27] Later that day, the crossover was officially confirmed through a tweet by Scandal creator Shonda Rhimes.[28]

text: How to Get Away with Murder creator Peter Nowalk later went on to share in an interview with Deadline:

text:
“

At the beginning of the season, my writers and I were planning out Viola's entire arc and something in her story organically came up that was very appropriate for Scandal. When I went to Shonda, she heard it. I said, we don't have to do it, Viola's arc doesn't need this, but it's possible that their stories could cross really organically. She actually pulled up a clip of something from Scandal and their side of the story coalesced perfectly. So it was one of those serendipitous things where we both realized it was good for both characters, and it almost felt like we had been planning it since last season.[29]

”

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 100% approval rating, with an average rating of 7.9/10, based on 8 reviews.[30] Maureen Lee Lenker of gave the premiere a B letter rating.[31] Kayla Kumari Upadhyaya, writer of The A.V. Club, also had a similar response, giving the premiere a A- rating, commenting, "It's a strange but ultimately satisfying premiere, standing out from the show's past premieres by going the slow character drama route rather than murder party."[32] Ali Barthwell of Vulture gave the premiere a 4 out of 5 stars rating, glorifying Viola Davis' performance.[33] Meghan De Maria of Refinery29 also praised Davis' acting, naming it the "glue that holds the series together".[34]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"I'm Going Away"

September 28, 2017
1.1/4
3.96[4]
1.2
3.18
2.3
7.14[35]

2

"I'm Not Her"

October 5, 2017
0.9/3
3.88[5]
1.1
2.80
2.0
6.68[36]

3

"It's for the Greater Good"

October 12, 2017
1.0/4
3.88[6]
1.1
2.83
2.1
6.71[37]

4

"Was She Ever Good at Her Job?"

October 19, 2017
0.9/4
3.56[7]
1.1
2.80
2.0
6.36[38]

5

"I Love Her"

October 26, 2017
0.9/3
3.56[8]
1.1
2.78
2.0
6.35[39]

6

"Stay Strong, Mama"

November 2, 2017
0.9/4
3.56[9]
1.2
2.82
2.1
6.38[40]

7

"Nobody Roots for Goliath"

November 9, 2017
0.9/3
3.71[10]
1.0
2.59
1.9
6.30[41]

8

"Live. Live. Live."

November 16, 2017
0.9/4
3.72[11]
1.0
2.49
1.9
6.21[42]

9

"He's Dead"

January 18, 2018
1.0/4
3.80[12]
1.0
2.60
2.0
6.40[43]

10

"Everything We Did Was for Nothing"

January 25, 2018
1.0/4
3.54[13]
1.0
2.92
2.0
6.46[44]

11

"He's a Bad Father"

February 1, 2018
1.0/4
3.68[14]
1.0
2.55
2.0
6.24[45]

12

"Ask Him About Stella"

February 8, 2018
0.8/3
3.26[15]
1.0
2.54
1.8
5.80[46]

13

"Lahey v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania"

March 1, 2018
1.1/5
4.14[16]
1.1
3.00
2.2
7.16[47]

14

"The Day Before He Died"

March 8, 2018
0.9/4
3.36[17]
0.9
2.61
1.8
5.97[48]

15

"Nobody Else Is Dying"

March 15, 2018
1.0/4
3.83[18]
0.8
2.31
1.8
6.14[49]


document_title: Dragon Ball Z

question_text: when did dragon ball z come out in usa

question_tokens: when did dragon ball z come out in usa

text: Dragon Ball Z

text: Plot

text: Dragon Ball Z picks up five years after the end of the Dragon Ball anime, with Son Goku as a young adult and father to his son Gohan. A humanoid alien named Raditz arrives on Earth in a spacecraft and tracks down Goku, revealing to him that he is his long-lost big brother and that they are members of a nearly extinct extraterrestrial race called the Saiyans (サイヤ人, Saiya-jin). The Saiyans had sent Goku (originally named "Kakarrot") to Earth as an infant to conquer the planet for them, but he suffered a traumatic brain injury soon after his arrival and lost all memory of his mission, as well as his blood-thirsty Saiyan nature. Goku refuses to help Raditz continue the mission, which results in Raditz kidnapping Gohan. Goku decides to team up with his former enemy Piccolo in order to defeat Raditz and save his son, while sacrificing his own life in the process. In the afterlife, Goku trains under Kaiō-sama until he is revived by the Dragon Balls a year later in order to save the Earth from Raditz' comrades; Nappa and the Saiyan prince Vegeta. During the battle Piccolo is killed, along with Goku's allies Yamcha, Tenshinhan and Chaozu, and the Dragon Balls cease to exist because of Piccolo's death. Goku arrives at the battlefield late, but avenges his fallen friends by defeating Nappa with his new level of power. Vegeta himself enters into the battle with Goku and after numerous clashes, Goku manages to defeat him as well, with the help of Gohan and his best friend Krillin. At Goku's request, they spare Vegeta's life and allow him to escape Earth. During the battle, Krillin overhears Vegeta mentioning the original set of Dragon Balls from Piccolo's home planet Namek (ナメック星, Namekku-sei). While Goku recovers from his injuries at the hospital, Gohan, Krillin and Goku's oldest friend Bulma depart for Namek in order to use these Dragon Balls to revive their dead friends. However, they discover that Vegeta's superior, the galactic tyrant Lord Frieza, is already there, seeking the Dragon Balls to be granted eternal life. A fully healed Vegeta arrives on Namek as well, seeking the Dragon Balls for himself, which leads to several battles between him and Frieza's henchmen. Realizing he is overpowered, Vegeta teams up with Gohan and Krillin to fight the Ginyu Force, a team of mercenaries summoned by Frieza. After Goku finally arrives on Namek, the epic battle with Frieza himself comes to a close when Goku transforms into a fabled Super Saiyan (超サイヤ人, Sūpā Saiya-jin) and defeats him.

text: Upon his return to Earth a year later, Goku encounters a time traveler named Trunks, the future son of Bulma and Vegeta, who warns Goku that two Artificial Humans (人造人間, Jinzōningen, lit. "Artificial Humans") will appear three years later, seeking revenge against Goku for destroying the Red Ribbon Army when he was a child. During this time, an evil life form called Cell emerges and after absorbing two of the Artificial Humans to achieve his "perfect form," holds his own fighting tournament to decide the fate of the Earth, called the "Cell Games". After Goku sacrifices his own life a second time, to no avail, Gohan avenges his father by defeating Cell after ascending to the second level of Super Saiyan. Seven years later Goku, who has been briefly revived for one day and meets his youngest son Goten, and his allies are drawn into a fight by the Kaioshin against a magical being named Majin Buu. After numerous battles resulting in the destruction and recreation of the Earth, Goku (whose life is permanently restored by the Elder Kaioshin) destroys Majin Buu with a Genki Dama attack containing the energy of everyone on Earth. Goku makes a wish for Buu to be reincarnated as a good person and ten years later, at another martial arts tournament, Goku meets Buu's human reincarnation, Uub. Leaving the match between them unfinished, Goku departs with Uub to train him to become Earth's new defender.

text: Production and broadcasting

text: Kazuhiko Torishima, Akira Toriyama's editor for Dr. Slump and the first half of Dragon Ball, felt that the Dragon Ball anime's ratings were gradually declining because it had the same producer that worked on Dr. Slump. Torishima said this producer had this "cute and funny" image connected to Toriyama's work and was missing the more serious tone in the newer series, and therefore asked the studio to change the producer. Impressed with their work on Saint Seiya, he asked its director Kōzō Morishita and writer Takao Koyama to help "reboot" Dragon Ball, which coincided with Goku growing up. The new producer explained that ending the first anime and creating a new one would result in more promotional money, and the result was the start of Dragon Ball Z.[2] The title was suggested by Toriyama because Z is the last letter of the alphabet and he wanted to finish the series because he was running out of ideas for it.[3]

text: Dragon Ball Z is adapted from the final 325 chapters of the manga series which were published in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1988 to 1995. It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996.[4] Because Toriyama was writing the manga during the production of the anime,[5] Dragon Ball Z added original material not adapted from the manga, including lengthening scenes or adding new ones, and adding new attacks and characters not present in the manga. For example, Toriyama was asked to create an additional character for Goku's training with Kaiō-sama, resulting in the cricket Gregory.[6]

text: Throughout the production, the voice actors were tasked with playing different characters and performing their lines on cue, switching between roles as necessary.[7] The voice actors were unable to record the lines separately because of the close dialogue timing. When asked if juggling the different voices of Goku, Gohan and Goten was difficult, Masako Nozawa said that it was not, and that she was able to switch roles simply upon seeing the character's picture.[7] She did admit that when they were producing two films a year and television specials in addition to the regular series, there were times when they had only line art to look at while recording, which made giving finer nuanced details in her performance difficult.[8]

text: Series Director Daisuke Nishio left the series after personally directing Episode #202. Nishio left the series to become series director of Aoki Densetsu Shoot!. The role of series director was not officially filled for Episodes #200-291, despite Nishio's directing of Episode #202.[citation needed]

text: English dub production and broadcasting

text: In 1996, Funimation Productions licensed Dragon Ball Z for an English-language release in North America. They contracted Saban Entertainment to help distribute the series to television, and Pioneer Entertainment to handle home video distribution.[9] The Vancouver-based Ocean Studios were hired by Funimation to dub the anime (Funimation had previously used the Ocean voice cast in their short-lived 1995 dub of Dragon Ball).[10] Saban musicians Ron Wasserman[11] and Jeremy Sweet,[10] known for their work on the Power Rangers franchise, composed a new background score and theme song (nicknamed "Rock the Dragon").[Note 1] Funimation's initial English dub of Dragon Ball Z had mandated cuts to content and length, which reduced the first 67 episodes into 53.[12][13] It premiered in the United States on September 13, 1996 in first-run syndication, but halted production in 1998 after two seasons.[12] This was due to Saban scaling down its syndication operations, in order to focus on producing original material for the Fox Kids block.[14] Pioneer also ceased its home video release of the series at volume 17 (the end of the dub) and retained the rights to produce an uncut subtitled version,[12] but did not do so.

text: On August 31, 1998, reruns of this cancelled dub began airing on Cartoon Network as part of the channel's weekday afternoon programming block Toonami. Due to the success of these re-runs on Toonami, Funimation resumed production on the series' English dub without Saban's assistance, but could no longer afford the services of the Ocean voice cast due to financial constraints. This led to Funimation forming its own in-house voice cast at their Texas-based studio. The Saban-produced soundtrack from the first two seasons was replaced with a new background score composed by Bruce Faulconer and his team of musicians, which was used throughout the rest of Funimation's Dragon Ball Z dub.[11] This renewed dub featured less censorship (due to fewer restrictions on cable programming) and aired on Cartoon Network's Toonami block from September 13, 1999, to April 7, 2003; continuing in re-runs through 2008. Kids' WB briefly ran Dragon Ball Z in 2001 on its short-lived Toonami block.[15]

text: In 2004, Pioneer lost its distribution rights to the first 53/67 episodes of Dragon Ball Z, allowing Funimation to re-dub them with their in-house voice cast and restore the removed content.[16] This dub's background score was composed by Nathan M. Johnson. Funimation's new uncut dub of these episodes aired on Cartoon Network during the summer of 2005 (in late night, due to the unedited content).[17][18][19] Funimation's later remastered DVDs of the series saw minor changes made to their in-house dub for quality and consistency, mostly after the episode 67 gap, and had the option to play the entire series' dub with both the American and Japanese background music.

text: In January 2011, Funimation and Toei announced that they would stream Dragon Ball Z within 30 minutes before their simulcast of One Piece.[20] As of 2013, Dragon Ball Z is being streamed on Hulu, containing the English dub with the Japanese music and uncut footage, as well as subtitled Japanese episodes.

text: The Funimation dubbed episodes also aired in Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Australia and New Zealand. However, beginning with episode 108 (123 uncut), AB Groupe and Westwood Media (in association with Ocean Studios) produced an alternate English dub. The alternate dub was created for broadcast in the UK, the Netherlands and Ireland, although it later aired in Canada. Funimation's in-house dub continued to air in the U.S., Australia and New Zealand. The Westwood Media production used the same voices from the original short-lived dub syndicated in the USA (Which later aired on Toonami), it featured an alternate soundtrack by Tom Keenlyside and John Mitchell,[21] and it used the same scripts and edits as the TV edit of Funimation's in-house dub (although the UK and Europe's version was slightly edited down from this). In Australia, Dragon Ball Z was broadcast by the free-to-air commercial network, Network Ten during morning children's programming, Cheez TV, originally using the censored Funimation/Saban dub before switching to Funimation's in-house dub. Dragon Ball Z originally aired on the British Comedy Network in Fall 1998.[22]

text: Dragon Ball Kai

text: In February 2009, Toei Animation announced that it would begin broadcasting a revised version of Dragon Ball Z as part of the series' 20th-anniversary celebrations. The series premiered on Fuji TV in Japan on April 5, 2009, under the name Dragon Ball Kai. The ending suffix Kai (改「かい」) in the name means "updated" or "altered" and reflects the improvements and corrections of the original work.[23] The original footage was remastered for HDTV, featuring updated opening and ending sequences, new music, and a rerecording of the vocal tracks.[23][24] The original material and any damaged frames were removed to more closely follow the manga, resulting in a faster-moving story.[25] Torishima later explained the origins of Kai; Bandai was having a hard time increasing their sales and asked if a new Dragon Ball anime could be made. But Toriyama refused to create a new story. Realizing that the anime-exclusive scenes that were added to increase the distance between the original anime and the manga hurt the pacing of the series, Torishima thought of cutting them so that it faithfully followed the manga. He said the reception to Kai was positive and Bandai had a hit with a card game, so it all worked out.[26]

text: The series initially concluded with the finale of the Cell arc, as opposed to including the Majin Buu arc. It was originally planned to run 98 episodes, however, due to the Tōhoku offshore earthquake and tsunami, the final episode of Dragon Ball Kai was not aired and the series ended on its 97th episode in Japan on March 27, 2011. The 98th episode was later released direct-to-video in Japan on August 2, 2011.[27]

text: In November 2012, Mayumi Tanaka, the Japanese voice of Krillin, announced that she and the rest of the cast were recording more episodes of Dragon Ball Kai.[28] In February 2014, the Kai adaptation of the Majin Buu arc was officially confirmed. The new run of the series, which is titled Dragon Ball Z Kai: The Final Chapters internationally, began airing in Japan on Fuji TV on April 6, 2014, and ended its run on June 28, 2015.[29] The final arc of Kai was originally produced to last 69 episodes (as most of the international versions run),[30] but the Japanese broadcast cut it down to 61 episodes.

text: English dub production and broadcasting

text: Funimation licensed Dragon Ball Kai for an English-language release in North America, under the title Dragon Ball Z Kai. The series was broadcast on Nicktoons from May 24, 2010 to April 13, 2013.[31][32] In addition to Nicktoons, the series also began airing on The CW's Saturday morning programming block Toonzai in August 2010,[33] then on its successor, Vortexx, beginning in August 2012.[29] Both the Nicktoons and Toonzai/Vortexx airings were edited for content, though the Toonzai/Vortexx version was censored even more so than Nicktoons (perhaps most notoriously, Mr. Popo was tinted blue), most likely due to The CW being a broadcast network. Kai began airing uncut on Adult Swim's Toonami block in November 2014,[34] and re-runs of the previous week's episodes aired at the beginning of Adult Swim proper from February 2015 to June 2016.[35] CSC Media Group acquired the broadcast rights to Dragon Ball Z Kai in the United Kingdom and began airing it on Kix! in early 2013.[36][37][38]

text: Despite Kai's continuation not being officially confirmed at the time even in Japan, Sean Schemmel and Kyle Hebert, the Funimation dub voice actors of Goku and Gohan, announced in April 2013 that they had started recording an English dub for new episodes.[39] In November 2013, Kai's Australasian distributor Madman Entertainment revealed that the Majin Buu arc of Kai would be released in 2014 and that they were waiting on dubs to be finished.[40] However, in February 2014, Funimation officially stated that they did not record for the final arc of Kai.[41] On December 6, 2016, Funimation announced the continuation of Kai to begin airing on Adult Swim's Toonami block starting January 7, 2017.[42]

text: Editing

text: Dragon Ball Z's original North American release was the subject of heavy editing which resulted in a large amount of removed content and alterations that greatly changed the original work. Funimation CEO Gen Fukunaga is often criticized for his role in the editing; but it was the distributor Saban which required such changes or they would not air the work, as was the case with the episode dealing with orphans.[43][Note 2] These changes included altering every aspect of the show from character names, clothing, scenes and dialogue of the show. The character Mr. Satan was renamed Hercule and this change has been retained in other English media such as Viz's Dragon Ball Z manga and video games.[44] The dialogue changes would sometimes contradict the scenes itself; after the apparent fatal explosion of a helicopter, one of the characters said, "I can see their parachutes; they're okay!"[43] Funimation's redub for the 2005 release would address many of the issues raised by Saban, with the uncut releases preserving the integrity of the original Japanese release.

text: During the original Japanese TV airing of Dragon Ball Kai, scenes involving blood and brief nudity were removed. A rumor that Cartoon Network would be airing Kai uncut was met with an official statement to debunk the rumor in June 2010.[45] Nicktoons would also alter Kai; it released a preview showcasing these changes which included removing blood and cheek scar from Bardock and altering the color of Roshi's alcohol.[46] The show was further edited for its broadcast on Toonzai and Vortexx, but the show's DVD and Blu-ray releases only contained the edits present in the original Japanese version.

text: Steven Simmons, who did the subtitling for Funimation's home video releases, offered commentary on the subtitling from a project and technical standpoint, addressing several concerns.[47][Note 3] Simmons said that Gen Fukunaga did not want any swearing on the discs, but because there was no taboo word list Simmons would substitute a variation in the strength of the words by situation with the changes starting in episode 21.[48] The typographical errors in the script were caused by dashes (—) and double-quotes (") failing to appear, which resulted in confusing dialogue.[48]

text: Music

text:
"Cha-La Head-Cha-La"

Sample of "Cha-La Head-Cha-La" performed by Hironobu Kageyama, the opening theme song for the majority of the show.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Shunsuke Kikuchi composed the score for Dragon Ball Z. The opening theme for the first 199 episodes is "Cha-La Head-Cha-La" performed by Hironobu Kageyama. The second opening theme used up until the series finale at episode 291 is "We Gotta Power" also performed by Kageyama. The ending theme used for the first 194 episodes is "Detekoi Tobikiri Zenkai Power!" (でてこいとびきりZENKAIパワー!, "Come Out, Incredible Full Power!") performed by MANNA. The second ending theme used for the remaining episodes is "Bokutachi wa Tenshi Datta" (僕達は天使だった, "We Used to be Angels") performed by Kageyama.

text: Kenji Yamamoto composed the score for Dragon Ball Kai. The opening theme, "Dragon Soul", and the first ending theme used for the first 54 episodes, "Yeah! Break! Care! Break!", are both performed by Takayoshi Tanimoto.[49] The second ending theme, used from episodes 55–98, is "Kokoro no Hane" (心の羽根, "Wings of the Heart") performed by Team Dragon, a unit of the idol girl group AKB48.[50] On March 9, 2011, Toei announced that due to Yamamoto's score infringing on the rights of an unknown third party or parties, the music for remaining episodes and reruns of previous episodes would be replaced.[51] Later reports from Toei stated that with the exception of the series' opening and closing songs, as well as eyecatch music, Yamamoto's score was replaced with Shunsuke Kikuchi's original from Dragon Ball Z. The music for the Majin Buu Saga of Kai is composed by Norihito Sumitomo.[52] The opening theme is "Kuu•Zen•Zetsu•Go" (空•前•絶•後) by Dragon Soul, while the first ending song is "Haikei, Tsuratsusutora" (拝啓、ツラツストラ, "Dear Zarathustra") by Japanese rock band Good Morning America,[53] and the second "Junjō" (純情, "Pure Heart") by Leo Ieiri from episode 112 to 123.[54] The third ending song is "Oh Yeah!!!!!!!" by Czecho No Republic from episode 124 to 136,[55] the fourth "Galaxy" by Kyūso Nekokami from 137 to 146, and the fifth is "Don't Let Me Down" by Gacharic Spin from 147 to 159.[56] The international broadcast features two pieces of theme music. The opening theme, titled "Fight It Out", is performed by rock singer Masatoshi Ono, while the ending theme is "Never Give Up!!!", performed by rhythm and blues vocalist Junear.

text: Related media

text: Home releases

text: In Japan, Dragon Ball Z did not receive a home video release until 2003, seven years after its broadcast. This was a remastering of the series in two 26-disc DVD box sets, that were made-to-order only, released on March 19 and September 18 and referred to as "Dragon Boxes." The content of these sets began being released on mass-produced individual 6-episode DVDs on November 2, 2005 and finished with the 49th volume released on February 7, 2007.[57][58]

text: The international home release structure of Dragon Ball Z is complicated by the licensing and release of the companies involved in producing and distributing the work. Releases of the media occurred on both VHS and DVD with separate edited and uncut versions being released simultaneously. Both versions of the edited and uncut material are treated as different entries and would frequently make Billboard rankings as separate entries. Home release sales were featured prominently on the Nielsen VideoScan charts.[16] Further complicating the release of the material was Funimation itself; which was known to release "DVDs out of sequence in order to get them out as fast as possible"; as in the case of their third season.[59] Pioneer Entertainment distributed the Funimation/Saban edited-only dub of 53 episodes on seventeen VHS between 1997 and 1999,[60][61] and seventeen DVDs throughout 1999.[62][63] Two box sets separating them into the Saiyan and Namek arcs were also released on VHS in 1999,[64][65] and on DVD in 2001.[66][67] Funimation's own distribution of their initial in-house dub, which began with episode 54, in edited or uncut VHS ran between 2000 and 2003.[68][69][70] A DVD version was produced alongside these, although they were only produced uncut and contained the option to watch the original Japanese with subtitles.[71][72]

text: In 2005, Funimation began releasing their in-house dub of the beginning of Dragon Ball Z on DVD, marking the first time the episodes were seen uncut in North America.[73] However, only nine volumes were released, leaving it incomplete.[74] Instead, Funimation remastered and cropped the entire series into 16:9 widescreen format and began re-releasing it to DVD in nine individual "season" box sets; the first set released on February 6, 2007 and the final on May 19, 2009.[75][76] In July 2009, Funimation announced that they would be releasing the Japanese frame-by-frame "Dragon Box" restoration of Dragon Ball Z in North America. These seven limited edition DVD box sets were released uncut in the show's original 4:3 fullscreen format between November 10, 2009 and October 11, 2011.[77]

text: In July 2011, Funimation announced plans to release Dragon Ball Z in Blu-ray format, with the first set released on November 8, 2011.[78][79][80] However, production of these 4:3 sets was suspended after the second volume, citing technical concerns over restoring the original film material frame by frame.[81] Only a year later, the company began producing a cropped 16:9 remastered Blu-ray release in 2013, with nine sets released in total.[82] On August 13, 2013, Funimation released all 53 episodes and the three movies from their first Dragon Ball Z dub created with Saban and Ocean Studios in a collector's DVD box set, titled the Rock the Dragon Edition.[83]

text: Kai

text: In Japan, Dragon Ball Kai was released in wide-screen on 33 DVDs and in fullscreen on a single Blu-ray and eight four-disc Blu-ray sets from September 18, 2009, to August 2, 2011.

text: Funimation released eight DVD and Blu-ray box sets of Dragon Ball Z Kai from May 18, 2010 to June 5, 2012.[84][85] These sets contain the original Japanese audio track with English subtitles, as well as the uncut version of the English dub, which does not contain any of the edits made for the TV airings. Before the final volume was even published, Funimation began re-releasing the series in four DVD and Blu-ray "season" sets between May 22, 2012 and March 12, 2013.[86][87]

text: Manga

text: While the manga was all titled Dragon Ball in Japan, due to the popularity of the Dragon Ball Z anime in the west, Viz Media initially changed the title of the last 26 volumes of the manga to "Dragon Ball Z" to avoid confusion. The volumes were originally published in Japan between 1988 and 1995. It began serialization in the American Shonen Jump, beginning in the middle of the series with the appearance of Trunks; the tankōbon volumes of both Dragon Ball Z and Dragon Ball were released simultaneously by Viz Media in the United States.[88][89] In March 2001, Viz continued this separation by re-shipping the Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball Z titles starting with the first volumes of each work.[90] Viz's marketing for the manga made distinct the differences between Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball Z tone. Viz billed Dragon Ball Z: "More action-packed than the stories of Goku's youth, Dragon Ball Z is pure adrenaline, with battles of truly Earth-shaking proportions!"[91] Between 2008 and 2010, Viz re-released the two series in a format called "Viz Big Edition," which collects three individual volumes into a single large volume.[92] However, in 2013 Viz began publishing new 3-in-1 volumes collecting the entire manga series, including what they previously released as Dragon Ball Z, under the Dragon Ball name.[93]

text: Films

text: The Dragon Ball Z films comprise a total of 15 entries as of 2015. The films are typically released in March and July in accordance with the spring and summer vacations of Japanese schools. They were typically double features paired up with other anime films, and were thus, usually an hour or less in length. The films themselves offer contradictions in both chronology and design that make them incompatible with a single continuity. All 14 films were licensed in North America by Funimation, and all have received in-house dubs by the company. Prior to Funimation, the third film was a part of the short-lived Saban syndication, being split into three episodes, and the first three films received uncut English dubs in 1998 produced by Funimation with Ocean Studios and released by Pioneer. Several of the films have been broadcast on Cartoon Network and Nicktoons in the United States, Toonami UK in the United Kingdom (these featured an alternate English dub produced by an unknown cast by AB Groupe), and Cartoon Network in Australia.

text: Television specials and original video animations

text: Three TV specials based on Dragon Ball Z were produced and broadcast on Fuji TV. The first two were Dragon Ball Z: Bardock – The Father of Goku in 1990 and Dragon Ball Z: The History of Trunks in 1993, the latter being based on a special chapter of the original manga. Both were licensed by Funimation in North America and AB Groupe in Europe. In 2013, a two-part hour-long crossover with One Piece and Toriko, titled Dream 9 Toriko & One Piece & Dragon Ball Z Chō Collaboration Special!!, was created and aired.

text: Additionally, two original video animations (OVAs) bearing the Dragon Ball Z title have been made. The first is Dragon Ball Z Side Story: Plan to Eradicate the Saiyans, which was originally released in 1993 in two parts as "Official Visual Guides" for the video game of the same title. Dragon Ball: Plan to Eradicate the Super Saiyans was a 2010 remake of this OVA. None of the OVAs have been dubbed into English, and the only one to see a release in North America is the 2010 remake, which was subtitled and included as a bonus feature in Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2.

text: Video games

text: There are over 57 video games bearing the Dragon Ball Z name across a range of platforms from the Nintendo Entertainment System/Famicom to the current generation consoles. Also included are arcade games like Super Dragon Ball Z, which would eventually be ported to consoles.

text: In North America, licensing rights had been given to both Namco Bandai and Atari. In 1999, Atari acquired exclusive rights to the video games through Funimation, a deal which was extended for five more years in 2005.[94] A 2007 dispute would end with Atari paying Funimation $3.5 million.[95] In July 2009, Namco Bandai was reported to have obtained exclusive rights to release the games for a period of five years.[96] This presumably would have taken effect after Atari's licensing rights expired at the end of January 2010.[95]

text: Soundtracks

text: Dragon Ball Z has been host to numerous soundtrack releases with works like "Cha-La Head-Cha-La" and a series of 21 soundtracks released as part of the Dragon Ball Z Hit Song Collection Series. In total, dozens of releases exist for Dragon Ball Z which includes Japanese and foreign adapted releases of the anime themes and video game soundtracks.

text: Reception

text: Cultural impact and legacy

text: Dragon Ball Z was listed as the 78th best animated show in IGN's "Top 100 Animated Series",[97] and was also listed as the 50th greatest cartoon in Wizard magazine's "Top 100 Greatest Cartoons" list.[98] The series ranked #6 on Wizard's Anime Magazine on their "Top 50 Anime released in North America".[99]

text: Dragon Ball Z's popularity is reflected through a variety of data through online interactions which show the popularity of the media. In 2001, it was reported that the official website of Dragon Ball Z records 4.7 million hits per day and included 500,000+ registered fans.[100] The term "Dragonball Z" ranked 4th in 1999 and 2nd in 2000 by Lycos' web search engine.[101][102] For 2001, "Dragonball" was the most popular search on Lycos and "Dragonball Z" was fifth on Yahoo!.[103]

text: In 2015, Ford Motor Company released two commercials featuring characters from the series, the first advertising the Ford Fusion and the second for the Ford Focus.[104]

text: Ratings

text: Dragon Ball Z's Japanese run was very popular with an average viewer ratings of 20.5% across the series. Dragon Ball Z also proved to be a rating success in the United States, as the premiere of Season Three of Dragon Ball Z in 1999, done by Funimation's in-house dub, was the highest-rated program ever at the time on Cartoon Network.[105] In 2002, in the week ending September 22, Dragon Ball Z was the #1 program of the week on all of television with tweens 9-14, boys 9-14 and men 12-24, with the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday telecasts of Dragon Ball Z ranked as the top three programs in all of television, broadcast or cable, for delivery of boys 9-14.[106] In 2001, Cartoon Network obtained licensing to run 96 more episodes and air the original Dragon Ball anime and was the top rated show in the Toonami block of Cartoon network.[107] Beginning March 26, 2001, Cartoon Network ran a 12-week special promotion "Toonami Reactor" which included a focus on Dragon Ball Z, which would stream episodes online to high-speed internet users.[108] Many home video releases were met with both the edited and unedited versions placing on in the top 10 video charts of Billboard. For example, "The Dark Prince Returns" (containing episodes 226-228) and "Rivals" (containing episodes 229-231) edited and unedited, made the Billboard magazine top video list for October 20, 2001.[109][Note 4]

text: The first episode of Dragon Ball Kai earned a viewer ratings percentage of 11.3, ahead of One Piece and behind Crayon Shin-chan.[110] Although following episodes had lower ratings, Kai was among the top 10 anime in viewer ratings every week in Japan for most of its run.[111][112] Towards the end of the original run the ratings hovered around 9%-10%.[113][114] Dragon Ball Z Kai premiered on Nicktoons in May 2010 and set the record for the highest-rated premiere in total viewers, and in tweens and boys ages 9–14.[115] Nielsen Mega Manila viewer ratings ranked Dragon Ball Kai with a viewer ratings with a high of 18.4% for October 30 – November 4 in 2012.[116] At the end of April 2013, Dragon Ball Kai would trail just behind One Piece at 14.2%.[117] Broadcasters' Audience Research Board ranked Dragon Ball Z Kai as the second most viewed show in the week it debuted on Kix.[118] On its debut on Vortexx, Dragon Ball Z Kai was the third highest rated show on the Saturday morning block with 841,000 viewers and a 0.5 household rating.[119]

text: Merchandising

text: Dragon Ball Z merchandise was a success prior to its peak American interest, with more than $3 billion in sales from 1986–2000.[120]

text: In 1998, Animage-ine Entertainment, a division of Simitar, announced the sale of Chroma-Cels, mock animation cels to capitalize on the popularity of Dragon Ball Z.[121] The original sale was forecasted for late 1998, but were pushed back to January 12, 1999.[122]

text: In 2000, MGA Entertainment released more than twenty toys, consisting of table-top games and walkie-talkies.[123] Irwin Toy released more than 72 figures consisting of 2-inch and 5 inch action figures, which became top-selling toys in a market dominated by the Pokémon Trading Card Game.[124] Irwin Toys would release other unique Dragon Ball Z toys including a battery powered Flying Nimbus Cloud which hovered without touching the ground and a die-cast line of vehicles with collector capsules.[125] In June 2000, Burger King had a toy promotion which would see 20 million figurines; Burger King bore the cost of the promotion which provided free marketing for Funimation.[120] The Halloween Association found Dragon Ball Z costumes to be the fourth most popular costumes in their nationwide survey.[126]

text: In December 2002, Jakks Pacific signed a three-year deal for licensing Dragon Ball Z toys, which was possible because of the bankruptcy of Irwin Toy.[127] Jakks Pacific's Dragon Ball Z 5-inch figures were cited as impressive for their painting and articulation.[128]

text: In 2010, Toei closed deals in Central and South American countries which included Algazarra, Richtex, Pil Andina, DTM, Doobalo and Bondy Fiesta.[129] In 2012, Brazil's Abr-Art Bag Rio Comercio Importacao e Exportacao closed a deal with Toei.[130]

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ Shuki Levy and Kussa Mahehi (Haim Saban) were credited as composers for contractual reasons. This was standard practice at Saban Entertainment during the 1990s.
Jump up ^ The original interview was conducted by Steve Harmon with Funimation CEO Gen Fukunaga in 1999 and was hosted on Harmon's personal website "The Vault". A record of the website exists on Archive.org, but the original interview itself was lost. The record was kept by Chris Psaros who provided a copy for the website "The Dragon Ball Z Otaku Alliance" which republished the original interview for this source.
Jump up ^ Steven Simmons, who uses the nickname "Daimao" in websites like Toriyama.org, wrote the original scripts for the Funimation subtitles and was involved in the localization process. His comments are included as a primary source, but also definitively illustrate concerns with the subtitles, from its creator. This connection and background is noted at the accompanying Anime News Network reference.
Jump up ^ The releases for both The Dark Prince Returns and Babidi: Showdown were released on September 25, 2001. The title "Showdown" was replaced with "Rivals" and contains episodes 229–231, titled "Vegeta's Pride", "The Long Awaited Flight", and "Magic Ball of Buu". Prior to the release, Billboard and news outlets including the Anime News Network and Anime Nation were using the title "Showdown"; but the UPC codes match, indicating a re-titling for this release, "Rivals", also has a September 25, 2001, release date for the uncut material.

tag: ol

text: Jump up ^ Dragon Ball Kai (ドラゴンボール改 (カイ), Doragon Bōru Kai, lit. Dragon Ball Revised), retitled Dragon Ball Z Kai in most international releases


document_title: Ankola

question_text: who was were the leader of salt satyagraha movement at ankola

text: Ankola

text: Geography[edit]

text: Ankola is located at 14°39′38″N 74°18′17″E / 14.66056°N 74.30472°E / 14.66056; 74.30472.[2] It has an average elevation of 17 metres (55 feet). The Gangavali River (also known as Bedti) is a prominent river that flows near the town.[3] Summer temperatures range between 30 °C and 35 °C while winter temperatures drop down marginally to between 20 °C and 33 °C.[4]

text: Belekeri is a natural port located nearby which is mainly used to ship iron ore to China and Europe.[citation needed]

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Religion in Ankola

Percent

Hinduism

95.7%

Islam

3.550%

Christianity

0.73%

Jainism

0%

Others†

0%

Distribution of religions

text: As of 2011[update] India census,[5] Total population of Ankola Taluk is 101,549 living in 21,079 Houses, Spread across a total 309 villages and 20 panchayats . Males are 51,398 and Females are 50,151 . Ankola Town Panchayat has a population of 22,249 of which 11,034 are males while 11,215 are females as per report released by Census of India 2011.[5]

text: Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 2025 which is 9.10% of total population of Ankola (TP + OG). In Ankola Town Panchayat, Female Sex Ratio is of 1016 against state average of 973. Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Ankola is around 1013 compared to Karnataka state average of 948. Literacy rate of Ankola city is 90.63%, higher than the state average of 75.36%. In Ankola, Male literacy is around 94.63% while female literacy rate is 86.69%.[5]

text: Ankola Town Panchayat has a total administration over 5,271 houses, to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within Town Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

text: Ankola's population includes diverse communities. The main languages spoken are Konkani and Marathi .Among the Muslims, Urdu is common. Official language is Kannada.

text: Villages of Ankola[edit]

text: Villages of Ankola include:[6]

text:
Achave
Adigon
Adlur
Agragon (Agragone)
Agsur
Algeri (Alageri)
Andle
Aversa
Balale

text: Bandar

text: Baleguli

text: Bela

text:
Belambar
Belekeri
Belse
Bhavikeri (Bavikeri)
Bidrager
Bilehoingi
Bobruwada
Bogribail
Bole
Brahmur
Devigadde
Dongri
Devarbhavi
Gundabala
Halvalli
Harwada (Harvada)
Hattikeri
Honnekeri
Padmapur Heggar
Makkigadde
Heggarnikotebavi
Hichkad
Hillur
Hittalamakki
Hoskeri
Joog
Jamgod
Kabgal
Kanasigadde
Kalleshwar
Kammani
Kanagil (Kangil)
Kanthri
Kendige
Keni
Kenkanishivapur
Kogre
Kumbarakeri
Kuntgani
Lakkeguli
Laxmeshwar
Manigadde
Manjaguni
Matakeri
Mogta
Moralli
Nadibag
Navagadde
Nellurkanchinbail
Poojgeri
Sagadgeri
Shetageri
Sheveguli
Shikliturli
Shinganmakki
Shirgunji
Shirur
Sunksal
Surve (Soorve)
Takatgeri
Torke
Tenkankeri
Ulware
Vaidya Heggar
Vandige
Varilbena
Vasar Kudrige
Wadibogri

text: Salt Satyagraha[edit]

text: In 1930, after the success of Mahatma Gandhi's Salt Satyagraha, Karnataka decided to conduct its own. On 13 April, in the presence of about 40,000 people M.P. Nadakarni broke the salt law in Ankola.[7] Revu Honnappa Naik, Honnappa Mangeshkar bought the first packet of salt auctioned for 30 rupees. After the auction Swami Vidyananda addressed the gathering in which leaders like Karnad Sadashiva Rao, Smt Umabai Kundapur, Dr Hardikar, T.S. Naikand others participated. The police promptly arrested the leaders but the Sathyagraha continued for 45 days with full tempo. Salt Sathyagraha was offered in nearly 30 centres like Mangalore, Kundapur, Udupi, Puttur, Padubidre, etc. in Karnataka. Students came out in large numbers to prepare salt and sell it from house to house. When Gandhiji decided to raid the salt depot at Dharsana, a similar raid was undertaken in Karnataka at Sanikatte. A group of volunteers led by Sridhar Panduranga Balaji collected a few maunds of salt and carried it to Kumta, where the whole stock was sold in 15 minutes.

text: Four taluks in Karnataka namely Hirekerur in Dharwad district and Ankola, Sirsi and Siddapura in North Kanara district were selected for organizing the no-tax campaign. Despite repressive measures by the authorities, the campaign was a huge success. More than 1500 activists were arrested in Karnataka for participating in the Civil-Disobedience Movement during 1930-31. These historic events led to Ankola being named the "Bardoli of Karnataka".[8]

text: Beaches[edit]

text: Ankola lies on the coast of the Arabian Sea and has many beautiful beaches, such as: Belekeri Beach, Nadibag Beach, Belambar Beach, Shedikulli Beach, Gabitkeni Beach, Honne gudi Beach(5 km from Ankola), Honey Beach, and Keni Beach.[8]

text: Culture[edit]

text: Folk Dance[edit]

text: A popular folk dance in Ankola is Yakshagana.

text: Suggi kunitha a local seasonal folk dance, has begun in the coastal taluks of Uttara Kannada district. The troupes of the Suggi dancers move from one village to another during the paddy harvest season till the festival of “Holi” to perform the dance as a gratitude to the God for the successful harvest.

text: The Suggi dancers wear traditional dresses and headgears. The dance has historical background as it was used to create awareness among the masses against the British rule during the Independence movement.

text: Festivals[edit]

text: An annual mela called Bandihabba is celebrated on Buddha Poornima in the month of May. This is an important festival to be celebrated for nine days. On the ninth day, Mela is conducted near Shantadurga temple and people from around the town and village throng the temple and celebrate it.

text: Another big festival called 'Karthik' is celebrated during November when five temple deities will be out of Ankola town on Palakki for a night stay and will return next morning. The entire town celebrates this town with fire works.

text: The Dahikaala (ದಹಿಕಾಲ) festival in Ankola as in Dahi Handi of North India celebrates the playful and mischievous side of Krishna, where teams of young men form human pyramids to reach a high-hanging pot of butter and break it. This festival is very much important to the Namadharis of Ankola in particular and the teams usually are of Namadhari youth by tradition.

text: Temples[edit]

text: Ankola houses many temples such as famous Honna Raka Temple, beautiful Mahamaya, architectural Venkataramana Temple, and traditional Shantadurga(Famously known as Bhumidevathe), Eeshwara devasthana. Migrated Konkani Saraswats are said to have brought with their Kuladevtas with them. Considering this to be their safe haven, they are said to have established the Kuladevata temples in Ankola. Some of the migrated Goan Deities are Lakshmi Narayan Mahamaya(Nagve Mahmamaya) from the Nagve village in Salcette Goa, Kundodari Mahamaya (Kudteri Mahamaya) from Curtorim in Salcette Goa, and the Aryadurga temple from the Anjediva (Aryadweep) island of Goa. The Shantadurga temple is assumed to be the gram devta of the village is still a question of debate, since many saraswat families do consider it to be their Kuladevta, but the locals state that the deity present is not of Konkani or Goan origin but currently a Dravidian deity.

text: Cuisine[edit]

text: Usual diet contains boiled white rice (called Kuchige akki) and fish, basale soppina hulaga (a vegetable sambar)[7] & Koli Asi (chicken curry). Fish is consumed by a large part of population. Special Preparations - 1. Kotte Roti - A form of idli-like preparation, steam cooked in a conical shaped container constructed using jackfruit leaves. Kajmiji is a local sweet.

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Public road transportation to Ankola is handled by NWKRTC (North West Karnataka Road Transport Corporation ) .Road transportation is a crucial link for the population.Other modes of transportation such as inland water navigation, are also in use.Railway station is about 3 km from the town.

text: By roads and railways[edit]

text: It is well connected to Mangalore and Goa by bus and train. Rail services are fairly regular. Ankola is connected to Bangalore by road. The National Highway 17( NH17 now NH66) passes through Ankola.

text:
Eastern direction - Connected to Hubli, Hyderabad by National Highway 63.
Northern direction - Connected to Karwar, Goa by Road, Railways.
Southern direction - Connected to Gokarna, Murdeshwara, Udupi and Mangalore by Road, Railways.
Western direction:Arabian Sea & Beaches.

text: The rivers offer inland water navigation, usually in traditional ferries or mechanised boats. Hubli to Ankola railway facility has been pushed to backburner, due to the stay order from Supreme Court of India.[1]

text: Nearest Airports[edit]

text:
Goa International Airport
Mangalore International Airport
Kempegowda International Airport
Belgaum Airport
Hubli Airport
Karwar Airport

text: Ports[edit]

text: Belekeri Port

text: News and Media[edit]

text: Karavali Munjavu is a local news paper with a district wide circulation.[9] Ankola TV is a most popular local channel of Ankola, Ankola News, Arya news, City News, Canara News, and Nuthana News are some prominent news channels.

text: Schools and Colleges[edit]

text: The city and the taluk has a lot of government, government aided and private educational institutions.Nirmala Hridaya, PMHS, Shri Manjunath Swamy High school, Jai Hind Highschool, KLE's(Karnataka Lingayat Education) institutions, Governments Schools and colleges are some of the known educational institutions of Ankola. Gokhale Centenary College offers various pregraduate, undergraduate and also limited postgraduate courses.In 2007, Government First Grade College was started in Poojageri ( 2 km from Ankola) with a whopping student strength. This college offers bachelor's degree in Arts, Science, Commerce and Business Administration.Ankola taluk also has seen an increasing number of Preuniversity colleges being established in the recent years. The rural areas generally have primary and highschool facilities.

text: Geographical orientation from Ankola[edit]

text:
[hide]
Places adjacent to Ankola

Arabian Sea
Karwar
Dandeli

Arabian Sea

Ankola

Yellapur

Arabian Sea
Gokarna, Kumta
Sirsi