document_title: India at the Olympics

question_text: who is the credit for starting the olympic games in india

text: India at the Olympics

text: History[edit]

text: Early history[edit]

text: India sent its first athlete to the Olympics for the 1900 games, but an Indian national team did not compete at the Olympics until 1920. Ahead of the 1920 Olympics, Sir Dorab Tata and Governor of Bombay George Lloyd helped India secure representation at the International Olympic Council, enabling it to participate in the Olympic Games (see India at the 1920 Olympic Games). India then sent a team to the 1920 Olympics, comprising four athletes, two wrestlers, and managers Sohrab Bhoot and A H A Fyzee. The Indian Olympic movement was then established during the 1920s: some founders of this movement were Dorab Tata, A.G. Noehren (Madras College of Physical Education), H.C. Buck (Madras College of Physical Education), Moinul Haq (Bihar sports associations), S. Bhoot (Bombay Olympic Association), A.S. Bhagwat (Deccan Gymkhana), and G.D. Sondhi (Punjab Olympic Association); Lt.Col H.L.O. Garrett (from the Government College Lahore and Punjab Olympic Association) and Sagnik Poddar (of St.Stephen's School) helped organise some early national games; and prominent patrons included Maharajas and royal princes Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, Ranji of Nawanagar, the Maharaja of Kapurthala, and the Maharaja of Burdwan.

text: In 1923, a provisional All India Olympic Committee was formed, and in Feb 1924 the All India Olympic Games (that later became the National Games of India) were held to select a team for the Paris Olympics. The Indian delegation at the Paris Olympics comprised seven athletes, seven tennis players and team manager Harry Buck.

text: In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the Indian Olympic Association (IOA)-its main tasks were to promote the development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send teams-selected from the national games-to the Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Olympics, with G. D. Sondhi as manager for the Olympic team. By this time, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to the Olympic Games in 1932 (four athletes and one swimmer) and 1936 (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter), along with three officials headed by team manager Sondhi.

text: From 1948 onward, because of the Indian Olympic Association's wider outreach, India began sending delegations of over 50 sportspersons representing several sports – each selected by its sports federation – to the Olympics. The delegation was headed by a chef-de-mission.

text: Thus, India’s Olympic delegation in the early Olympic Games was as follows:

text:
1900: One athlete
1920: 6 competitors (four athletes, two wrestlers) and managers Bhoot and Fyzee
1924: 14 competitors (seven athletes, seven tennis players) and manager Harry Crowe Buck
1928: 21 competitors (seven athletes and a hockey team of 14) and manager G D Sondhi
1932: 20 competitors (four athletes, one swimmer, and a hockey team of 15) and three officials headed by manager G D Sondhi
1936: 27 competitors (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter, and a hockey team of 19) and three officials including manager G D Sondhi
1948: 79 competitors and a few officials headed by chef-de-mission Moin ul Haq
1952: 64 competitors and some officials headed by chef-de-mission Moin ul Haq

text: Recent history[edit]

text: At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Abhinav Bindra won gold in the Men's 10 metre air rifle event becoming the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the Olympic Games. Vijender Singh got the country's first medal in boxing with his bronze medal in Middleweight category.

text: The 2012 Summer Olympics saw an 83-member Indian contingent participating in the games and setting a new best for the country with a total of six medals. Wrestler Sushil Kumar became the first Indian with multiple individual Olympic medals (bronze at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and silver at the 2012 Summer Olympics) since Norman Pritchard in 1900. Saina Nehwal won bronze medal in badminton in Women's singles getting the country's first Olympic medal in badminton. Pugilist Mary Kom became the first Indian woman to win a medal in boxing with her bronze medal finish in Women's flyweight category.

text: At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a record number of 118 athletes competed. Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P. V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist.

text: List of competitors[edit]

text: This list provides a comparative compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the summer Olympic games.

text:
Games
Sports
Men
Women
Total
Change
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Change

1900
1
1
0
1
NA
0
2
0
2
NA

1920
2
6
0
6
+5
0
0
0
0
−2

1924
2
13
2
15
+8
0
0
0
0
0

1928
2
21
0
21
+7
1
0
0
1
+1

1932
3
30
0
30
+9
1
0
0
1
0

1936
3–4
27
0
27
−3
1
0
0
1
0

1948
10
79
0
79
+52
1
0
0
1
0

1952
11
60
4
64
−15
1
0
1
2
+1

1956
8
58
1
59
−5
1
0
0
1
−1

1960
6
45
0
45
−14
0
1
0
1
0

1964
8
52
1
53
+8
1
0
0
1
0

1968
5
25
0
25
−28
0
0
1
1
0

1972
7
40
1
41
+16
0
0
1
1
0

1976
2
20
0
20
−21
0
0
0
0
−1

1980
1
58
18
76
+56
1
0
0
1
+1

1984

48
−28
0
0
0
0
−1

1988
7

46
−2
0
0
0
0
0

1992
5

53
+7
0
0
0
0
0

1996
13
44
4
49
−4
0
0
1
1
+1

2000
7

65
+16
0
0
1
1
0

2004
14
48
25
73
+8
0
1
0
1
0

2008
12
31
25
56
−17
1
0
2
3
+2

2012
13
60
23
83
+27
0
2
4
6
+3

2016
15
66
54
118
+35
0
1
1
2
−4

text: This list provides a comparative compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the winter Olympic games.

text:
Games
Sports
Men
Women
Total
Change
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Change

1964
1
1
0
1
NA
0
0
0
0
NA

1968
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

1988
1
2
1
3
+2
0
0
0
0
0

1992
1
2
0
2
−1
0
0
0
0
0

1998
1
1
0
1
−1
0
0
0
0
0

2002
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

2006
3
3
1
4
+3
0
0
0
0
0

2010
3
3
0
3
−1
0
0
0
0
0

2014
3
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0

text: Medal tables[edit]

text: Medals by Summer Games[edit]

text:
Games
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Rank

 1896 Athens
did not participate

 1900 Paris
0
2
0
2[1]
17

 1904 St. Louis
did not participate

 1908 London
did not participate

 1912 Stockholm
did not participate

 1920 Antwerp
0
0
0
0
-

 1924 Paris
0
0
0
0
-

 1928 Amsterdam
1
0
0
1[2]
23

 1932 Los Angeles
1
0
0
1[3]
19

 1936 Berlin
1
0
0
1[4]
20

 1948 London
1
0
0
1[5]
22

 1952 Helsinki
1
0
1
2[5]
26

 1956 Melbourne
1
0
0
1[5]
24

 1960 Rome
0
1
0
1[6]
32

 1964 Tokyo
1
0
0
1[7]
24

 1968 Mexico City
0
0
1
1[8]
42

 1972 Munich
0
0
1
1[9]
43

 1976 Montreal
0
0
0
0
-

 1980 Moscow
1
0
0
1[10]
23

 1984 Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
-

 1988 Seoul
0
0
0
0
-

 1992 Barcelona
0
0
0
0
-

 1996 Atlanta
0
0
1
1[11]
71

 2000 Sydney
0
0
1
1[12]
71

 2004 Athens
0
1
0
1[13]
65

 2008 Beijing
1
0
2
3[13]
50

 2012 London
0
2
4
6[13]
55

 2016 Rio de Janeiro
0
1[14]
1[15]
2[16]
67

Total
9
7
12
28

text: Medals by sport[edit]

text:
Sport
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Rank

 Field hockey
8
1
2
11
1

 Shooting
1
2
1
4
34

 Athletics
0
2
0
2
71

 Wrestling
0
1
4
5
43

 Badminton
0
1
1
2
9

 Boxing
0
0
2
2
64

 Tennis
0
0
1
1
30

 Weightlifting
0
0
1
1

56

Total
9
7
12
28

text: List of medalists[edit]

text:
Medal
Name/Team
Games
Sport
Event

02 ! Silver
Pritchard, NormanNorman Pritchard[1][17]
 1900 Paris
Athletics
Men's 200 metres

02 ! Silver
Pritchard, NormanNorman Pritchard[1][17]
 1900 Paris
Athletics
Men's 200 metre hurdles

01 ! Gold
National team[2]
 1928 Amsterdam
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[3]
 1932 Los Angeles
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[4]
 1936 Berlin
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1948 London
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1952 Helsinki
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
Jadhav, Khashaba DadasahebKhashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav[5]
 1952 Helsinki
Wrestling
Men's freestyle bantamweight

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1956 Melbourne
Field hockey
Men's competition

02 ! Silver
National team[6]
 1960 Rome
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[7]
 1964 Tokyo
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
National team[8]
 1968 Mexico City
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
National team[9]
 1972 Munich
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[10]
 1980 Moscow
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
Paes, LeanderLeander Paes[11]
 1996 Atlanta
Tennis
Men's singles

03 ! Bronze
Malleswari, KarnamKarnam Malleswari[12]
 2000 Sydney
Weightlifting
Women's 69 kg

02 ! Silver
Rathore, Rajyavardhan SinghRajyavardhan Singh Rathore[13]
 2004 Athens
Shooting
Men's double trap

01 ! Gold
Bindra, AbhinavAbhinav Bindra[13]
 2008 Beijing
Shooting
Men's 10 m Air Rifle

03 ! Bronze
Singh, VijenderVijender Singh[13]
 2008 Beijing
Boxing
Middleweight

03 ! Bronze
Kumar, SushilSushil Kumar[13]
 2008 Beijing
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 66 kg

02 ! Silver
Vijay Kumar[13]
 2012 London
Shooting
Men's 25 Rapid Fire Pistol

02 ! Silver
Kumar, SushilSushil Kumar[13]
 2012 London
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 66 kg

03 ! Bronze
Saina Nehwal[13]
 2012 London
Badminton
Women's singles

03 ! Bronze
Mary Kom[13]
 2012 London
 Boxing
Women's flyweight

03 ! Bronze
Narang, GaganGagan Narang[13]
 2012 London
Shooting
Men's 10m Air Rifle

03 ! Bronze
Yogeshwar Dutt[13]
 2012 London
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 60 kg

02 ! Silver
P. V. Sindhu[14]
 2016 Rio de Janeiro
Badminton
Women's singles

03 ! Bronze
Sakshi Malik[15]
 2016 Rio de Janeiro
Wrestling
Women's freestyle 58 kg


document_title: Shark Tale

question_text: what type of fish is angie from shark tale

root

text: Shark Tale

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Reef City, an underachieving bluestreak cleaner wrasse named Oscar fantasizes about being rich and famous while making his way to work as a tongue scrubber at the local Whale Wash, a job in which he is following in his father's footsteps. Soon after arriving he is called to the office of his boss, a pufferfish named Sykes, to discuss the fact that he owes "five thousand clams" and has to pay it back by the next day. After explaining this to his angelfish best friend Angie, she offers him a chance to pay back the money by pawning a pink pearl that was a gift from her grandmother. Oscar brings the money to the race track to meet Sykes, but becomes distracted by his dreams of grandeur. Upon hearing that the race is rigged, he places it all on a long-shot bet by the name of "Lucky Day". Such a million dollar bet is noticed nearby by a beautiful lionfish named Lola, who flagrantly seduces an excited Oscar, but Oscar is disappointed when she leaves upon learning that he is a whale washer. Sykes is furious that Oscar bet the money but nonetheless agrees to see how the race turns out. Moments before their betted "horse" crosses the finish line, he trips and falls on the line.

tag: p

text: Meanwhile, outside of the reef in the wreck of an old ocean liner a family of criminally-inclined great white sharks has a problem with one of their sons, Lenny, who is a vegetarian and refuses to act the part of a killer, wishing not to have to live up to those expectations. His crime lord father, Don Edward Lino, orders Lenny's more savage older brother Frankie to tutor Lenny in the family business. After the two sharks depart their father, Frankie sees Oscar being electrocuted by Sykes' two jellyfish enforcers Ernie and Bernie and sends Lenny off to attack. The jellyfish spots Lenny and flee, leaving Oscar alone with him. Lenny frees him, upsetting Frankie who becomes annoyed and charges at Oscar. However, Frankie is killed when an anchor falls on him. Lenny flees, overcome with grief and guilt. As no other witnesses were present and Oscar was seen near the body, everyone comes to believe that he killed Frankie, an opportunity that Oscar decides to exploit for fame.

text: Oscar returns to the city with a new title of the Sharkslayer. Sykes becomes his manager, Lola becomes his girlfriend, and Oscar moves to the "top of the reef" to live in luxury. At the same time, after Frankie's funeral, Don Lino, very worried about Lenny, has everyone out looking for Lenny. When several sharks get close to Oscar's neighborhood, Oscar's neighbors expect him to drive them away so he goes and runs into Lenny. Since he does not wish to return home, Lenny forces Oscar to let him stay with him since he is aware of Oscar's lie. Soon, Angie finds out about the lie as well and threatens to tell everyone. Oscar and Lenny convince her to keep quiet, though she is heartbroken by Oscar's dishonesty. Oscar's situation is not helped by the shallowed Lola, who indicates to him that her interest in him extends only as far as he remains famous. With Don Lino planning revenge, Oscar and Lenny stage an event in which Lenny pretends to terrorize the town and Oscar must defeat him throwing him into the depths of the ocean. Though this further cements Oscar as the Sharkslayer, it greatly angers Don Lino. Oscar leaves Lola for Angie after Angie reveals that she had feelings for Oscar even before he became famous, but this leaves the rebuffed Lola determined to get revenge.

text: Oscar buys some Valentine's Day gifts for Angie, but before he can present them to her, he finds that Don Lino has kidnapped Angie to force a sit-down. Lenny comes along now disguised as a dolphin named Sebastian. They arrive at the meeting to find Lola next to Don Lino, while Angie is tied up and gagged and presented to Don Lino on a plate who prepares to eat her if Oscar does not comply. Lenny grabs Angie into his mouth, but later regurgitates her. When Don Lino realizes that "Sebastian" is really Lenny, he chases Oscar through the reef. Oscar heads for the Whale Wash and ends up trapping both sharks. He is given an ovation by the other fish, but Oscar confesses that he is not a "Sharkslayer" and reveals the truth behind Frankie's death. He then tells Don Lino that everyone likes Lenny for who he is and strongly urges him not to prejudge people before he knows them properly and make the mistakes he made in prejudging his wealth. Realizing that Oscar is right, Don Lino apologizes to Lenny and reconciles with him while making peace with Oscar, stating that he and his gang bear him no ill will. Oscar forsakes all the wealth he has acquired, makes peace with the sharks, becomes co-manager of the Whale Wash (now frequented by sharks, killer whales, and swordfish), and starts dating Angie and enjoys a happy, honest life.

text: During the credits, Lola tries to find Oscar to make amends, but all she finds is a hermit crab named Crazy Joe, one of Oscar's friends.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Will Smith as Oscar, an underachieving bluestreak cleaner wrasse worker in the Whale Wash of Reef City who wants to be rich, but his schemes always fail and he ends up owing five thousand clams to his boss.
Robert De Niro as Don Edward Lino, a great white shark and leader of a mob of criminally-inclined great white sharks, who wants his two sons to take over his business and run it together, but becomes infuriated when Oscar gets in the way following one of his sons' death. James Gandolfini was originally set to voice the character, but had to drop out.[3][4]
Renée Zellweger as Angie, Oscar's angelfish best friend and co-worker, who harbors a secret unrequited love for him.
Jack Black as Lenny Lino, Don Lino's youngest son, who is a vegetarian.
Angelina Jolie as Lola, a seductive female gold-digger lionfish whom Oscar develops a romantic interest in.
Martin Scorsese as Sykes, the pufferfish owner of the Whale Wash and a loan shark to whom Oscar owes five thousand clams. He once worked with Don Lino, but was thrown out and called in his debts to pay off the gangster.
Ziggy Marley and Doug E. Doug as Ernie and Bernie, two Jamaican jellyfish and Sykes' enforcers, who enjoy jabbing Oscar with their vicious stingers when he is in trouble with their boss.
Michael Imperioli as Frankie Lino, Lenny's older brother and Don Lino's eldest and more savage son, who shares embarrassment of Lenny's vegetarian tendencies with his father.
Vincent Pastore as Luca, Don Lino's green octopus "left-hand, right-hand man", with a tendency to state the obvious much to Lino's annoyance.
Peter Falk as Don Ira Feinberg, an elderly leopard shark and leader of a mob of criminally-inclined leopard sharks, who is a friend of Don Lino performing karaoke (badly) at the sharks' headquarters.
Katie Couric as Katie Current, the local reporter of Reef City in the U.S. release. At the time, Katie Couric hosted Today in America.[5] In the Australian release, then local Today co-host Tracy Grimshaw dubbed the lines.[5] Fiona Phillips of the UK's GMTV performed the voice for the British release of the film.[6] Cristina Parodi of Italy's Verissimo provided the Italian version of the character.[7]
David P. Smith as Crazy Joe, a deranged hermit crab who is Oscar's other friend. He normally lives in a dumpster near the Whale Wash.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was originally developed under the title of Sharkslayer.[8] By September 2003, however, it had been retitled Shark Tale, to make it less violent and more family friendly.[9][10] Bill Damaschke, the producer of the film, explained the change of the title: "We set out to make a movie a little more noir, perhaps a little darker than where we've landed."[11] In April 2002, production officially began.[3]

text: The film was produced concurrently with Finding Nemo, another animated film set underwater, which was released a year and a half before Shark Tale. DreamWorks Animation's CEO, Jeffrey Katzenberg, defended the film, saying that "any similarities are mere coincidence. We've been open with the Pixar people so we don't step on each other's toes."[4]

text: Release[edit]

text: Shark Tale had its worldwide premiere on September 10, 2004 in Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy.[12] Screening as part of the Venice Film Festival, it marked the first time that Piazza San Marco was closed for a premiere of a major feature film.[12] The film was projected on the largest inflatable screen in the world, measuring more than six stories tall and over 3,900 square feet (360 m2). It required 20,000 cubic feet (570 m3) of air to inflate and more than 50 tons of water for stabilization.[12] The premiere was attended by 6,000 visitors,[13] including Will Smith, Angelina Jolie, Robert De Niro, and Michael Imperioli.[12] Jeffrey Katzenberg, the executive producer of the film, explained that they "wanted to find a unique way to introduce this movie to the world. We needed a big idea. … More than anything, we are in showbusiness. This is the show part."[13]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Shark Tale opened at #1 with $47.6 million, which was, at the time, the second-highest opening for a DreamWorks Animation film behind Shrek 2 ($108 million).[14] It remained as the #1 film in the U.S. and Canada for its second and third weekends.[15]

text: Overall, the movie grossed $160,861,908 in North America and $206,413,111 internationally, bringing its worldwide total to $367,275,019.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received a 35% "Rotten" rating at the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus: "Derivative and full of pop culture in-jokes."[16] On another review aggregator, Metacritic, the film holds a 48 out of 100 rating or "mixed or average reviews."[17] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[18]

text: John Mancini, the founder of the Italic Institute of America, protested Shark Tale for perpetuating negative stereotypes of Italian-Americans.[19] DreamWorks reacted by changing the name of Peter Falk's character from Don Brizzi to Don Feinberg. However, Mancini demanded that everything Italian—character names, the mannerisms, the forms of speech—be dropped.[19] The American Family Association, a Christian conservative organization, raised concerns about Shark Tale, suggesting that it was designed to promote the acceptance of gay rights by children.[20]

text: Roger Ebert gave Shark Tale two out of four stars, observing, "Since the target audience for Shark Tale is presumably kids and younger teenagers, how many of them have seen the R-rated Godfather and will get all the inside jokes? Not a few, I suppose, and some of its characters and dialogue have passed into common knowledge. But it's strange that a kid-oriented film would be based on parody of a 1972 gangster movie for adults." He also opined that younger viewers would have trouble enjoying a film about adult characters with adult problems, such as an elaborate love triangle and a main character wanting to clear his debt with loan sharks, and compared it to more successful fish-focused animated features like Pixar Animation Studios' Finding Nemo, which Ebert felt featured a simpler plot that audiences could more easily identify with.[21] However, Richard Roeper commented that although the film wasn't on the same level as Finding Nemo, it was definitely a film worth seeing.[22]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Shark Tale was released on DVD and VHS[23] on February 8, 2005, accompanied with a DVD-exclusive animated short film Club Oscar. The three-and-a-half-minute short film continues where the main film ends, showing the characters of Shark Tale dancing at the whale wash to a spoof of Saturday Night Fever.[24] It was also released on Game Boy Advance Video in October 2005.[25]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Award
Category
Name
Outcome

Academy Awards[26][27]
Academy Award for Best Animated Feature
Bill Damaschke
Nominated

Annie Awards[28]
Annie Award for Best Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Scott Cegielski
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Character Animation in a Feature Production
Ken Duncan
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Character Design in an Animated Feature Production
Carlos Grangel
Nominated

Annie Award for Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Armand Baltazar
Nominated

Samuel Michlap
Nominated

Pierre-Olivier Vincent
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Writing in an Animated Feature Production
Michael J. Wilson
Rob Letterman
Nominated

BAFTA Children's Awards[29]
Best Feature Film

Nominated

BET Comedy Awards[30]
Best Performance in an Animated Theatrical Film
Will Smith
Nominated

Casting Society of America[31]
Best Animated Voice-Over Feature Casting
Leslee Feldman
Won

Golden Reel Awards[32]
Best Sound Editing in an Animated Feature Film
Richard L. Anderson
Thomas Jones
Wade Wilson
Mark Binder
Mike Chock
Ralph Osborn
David Williams
Mark A. Mangini
Slamm Andrews
Nominated

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards[33]
Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie
Will Smith
Won

Saturn Awards[34]
Saturn Award for Best Animated Film

Nominated

Visual Effects Society[35]
Outstanding Performance by an Animated Character in an Animated Motion Picture
Renée Zellweger
Ken Duncan
Nominated

tag: table

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Shark Tale: Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
September 21, 2004

Genre
R&B
hip hop
soul

Length
50:33

Label
Geffen Records
DreamWorks Records
Universal Music Group

Producer
Timbaland
Jam & Lewis
Ron Fair
Missy Elliott
The Underdogs
Dre & Vidal
The Trak Starz
Hans Zimmer

Singles from Shark Tale: Motion Picture Soundtrack

"Car Wash"
Released: August 29, 2004

text: Shark Tale: Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on September 21, 2004. The soundtrack features newly recorded music by various artists, including Justin Timberlake with Timbaland, Christina Aguilera, JoJo, Ludacris, Mary J. Blige, and Will Smith, and also features the first song recorded by pop group The Pussycat Dolls as well as the film's closing theme composed by Hans Zimmer.

text: Janet Jackson and Beyoncé initially planned to record a duet for the film's soundtrack. Jackson's frequent collaborator Jimmy Jam, who had recently worked with Beyoncé for The Fighting Temptations soundtrack, commented "Obviously we'd love to have the involvement of Janet and Beyonce, who we just worked with on Fighting Temptations. They've already expressed interest", adding "There are a lot of opportunities with an animated piece to work with some different people."[36] Jeffrey Katzenberg, CEO of DreamWorks' Animations, had appointed Jackson's producers Jam & Lewis to be involved with the soundtrack, though the duo only ended up producing only one song for the film, with Jam saying "We worked for DreamWorks before on the Bryan Adams song for Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron and the Boyz II Men tune for The Prince of Egypt, and Katzenberg is a fan of what we do. He thought we would be perfect to do the music for Shark Tale."[36]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length

1.
"Three Little Birds" (Sean Paul and Ziggy Marley)
Bob Marley
Stephen Marley
3:37

2.
"Car Wash (Shark Tale Mix)" (Christina Aguilera featuring Missy Elliott)
Norman Whitfield (additional lyrics by Missy Elliott)
Missy Elliott, Ron Fair
3:50

3.
"Good Foot" (Justin Timberlake featuring Timbaland)
Timberlake, Timothy Mosley
Timbaland
3:57

4.
"Secret Love" (JoJo)
Samantha Jade, Jared Gosselin, Phillip White
White, Jared
4:00

5.
"Lies & Rumours" (D12)
DeShaun Holton, J. Rotem, Denaun Porter, O. Moore, V. Carlisle, Rufus Johnson, M. Chavarria
Denaun Porter
4:20

6.
"Got to Be Real" (Mary J. Blige featuring Will Smith)
David Foster, David Paich & Cheryl Lynn
Andre Harris, Vidal Davis
3:33

7.
"Can't Wait" (Avant)
Damon E. Thomas, Antonio Dixon, Harvey W. Mason, Eric Dawkins, Steven Russell
The Underdogs
3:44

8.
"Gold Digger" (Ludacris featuring Bobby Valentino & Lil' Fate)
Alonzo Lee, Shamar Daugherty, Christopher Bridges, Bobby Wilson, Arbie Wilson
The Trak Starz
3:47

9.
"Get It Together" (India.Arie)
Drew Ramsey, Shannon Sanders, India.Arie, Dana Johnson, Mel Johnson
India.Arie, Sanders, Ramsey
4:54

10.
"We Went as Far as We Felt Like Going" (The Pussycat Dolls)
Bob Crewe, Kenny Nolan
Ron Fair
3:51

11.
"Digits" (Fan 3)
Allison Lurie, Paul Robb, David Clayton-Thomas, Fred Lipsius
BitCrusher
3:41

12.
"Sweet Kind of Life" (Cheryl Lynn)
James Harris III, Terry Lewis, Cheryl Lynn, Bobby Ross Avila, Issiah J. Avila, Tony Tolbert, James Q. Wright
Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis
3:59

13.
"Some of My Best Friends Are Sharks" (Hans Zimmer)
Hans Zimmer
Hans Zimmer
3:25

Total length:
50:33

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2004)
Peak
position

U.S. Billboard 200
34

U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums
48

text: Cancelled sequel[edit]

text: In April 2011, Jeffrey Katzenberg commented that the studio did not have plans to produce future movie genre parodies, like Shark Tale, Monsters vs. Aliens, and Megamind, saying that these films "all shared an approach and tone and idea of parody, and did not travel well internationally. We don't have anything like that coming on our schedule now."[37]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released on September 29, 2004 for Microsoft Windows, Xbox, GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Game Boy Advance.[38] Published by Activision, Edge of Reality developed the console versions of the game, while Vicarious Visions developed the Game Boy Advance version, and Amaze Entertainment developed the PC version.[38] The cast from the film did not reprise their roles in the game.


document_title: Angela Lonsdale

question_text: who did angela lonsdale play in coronation street

text: Angela Lonsdale

text:
Angela Lonsdale

Born
Angela Smith
1970 (1970) (age 48)

Other names
Angela Fenwick

Occupation
Actress

Years active
1992–present

Television
Coronation Street (2000-2003)
The Bill (2006)
Doctors (2006-2008, 2011)
Wolfblood (2012-2013)

Spouse(s)
Perry Fenwick (m. 2005) (separated)

text: Angela Lonsdale (born Angela Smith; 1970),[1] is an English actress. Born to a policeman father,[2] Lonsdale's passion for acting was showcased in the Brewery Youth Theatre at the Brewery Arts Centre, Kendal. Working behind the box office, her talent was nurtured by the then Arts Centre Director, Anne Pierson. She took part in a large number of amateur productions, including plays by local playwrights John Newman-Holden and Tim Bull. After initial rejection,[2] Lonsdale then graduated from the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. Lonsdale is best known for playing police officer Emma Taylor on Coronation Street. Taylor married veteran character Curly Watts, played by Kevin Kennedy. After birth of their child, both characters left the programme in 2003. She then took a regular part in the long-running television series The Bill. Lonsdale appeared as DI Eva Moore in the daytime BBC series Doctors. She left on 21 October 2008 after being shot and presumed dead by an old criminal acquaintance, but in actual reality left Leatherbridge for her own and Jimmi's safety.[3] She made a brief return to Doctors in September 2011. In 2012 and 2013 Lonsdale played the role of the mother in a family of wolves in children's TV drama Wolfblood. Before they agreed on separation in 2010, Lonsdale was married to actor Perry Fenwick, who plays Billy Mitchell in EastEnders.[4]

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Year
TV Series
Role

2000
Coronation Street
Emma Taylor/Emma Watts (2000-2003)

2005
Holby City
Gina Calder (1 episode)

2006
The Bill
Helen Coles

2006-2008, 2011
Doctors
DI Eva Moore

2009
The Royal
Anna Whenby (1 episode)

2010
Joe Maddison's War
Polly Maddison

2012-2013
Wolfblood
Emma Smith

2014
WPC 56
Stella Monckton

2016
Our Girl
Grace Lane


document_title: Forbes' list of world's highest-paid athletes

question_text: who is the number one paid athlete in the world

text: 2017 list[edit]

text: The 2017 list:[1]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$93 million
$58 million
$35 million

2
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$86.2 million
$31.2 million
$55 million

3
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$80 million
$53 million
$27 million

4
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$64 million
$6 million
$58 million

5
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$60.6 million
$26.6 million
$34 million

6
Andrew Luck
American football
 United States
$50 million
$47 million
$3 million

6
Rory McIlroy
Golf
 Northern Ireland
$50 million
$16 million
$34 million

8
Stephen Curry
Basketball
 United States
$47.3 million
$12.3 million
$35 million

9
James Harden
Basketball
 United States
$46.6 million
$26.6 million
$20 million

10
Lewis Hamilton
Auto racing
 England
$46 million
$38 million
$8 million

text: 2016 list[edit]

text: The 2016 list:[2]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$88 million
$56 million
$32 million

2
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$81.4 million
$53.4 million
$28 million

3
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$77.2 million
$23.2 million
$54 million

4
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$67.8 million
$7.8 million
$60 million

5
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$56.2 million
$20.2 million
$36 million

6
Novak Djokovic
Tennis
 Serbia
$55.8 million
$21.8 million
$34 million

7
Cam Newton
American football
 United States
$53.1 million
$41.1 million
$12 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$52.9 million
$2.9 million
$50 million

9
Jordan Spieth
Golf
 United States
$52.8 million
$20.8 million
$32 million

10
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$50 million
$25 million
$25 million

text: 2015 list[edit]

text: The 2015 list was released on 10 June 2015.[3]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$300 million
$285 million
$15 million

2
Manny Pacquiao
Boxing
 Philippines
$160 million
$148 million
$12 million

3
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$79.6 million
$52.6 million
$27 million

4
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$73.8 million
$51.8 million
$22 million

5
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$67 million
$9 million
$58 million

6
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$64.8 million
$20.8 million
$44 million

7
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$54.1 million
$19.1 million
$35 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$50.8 million
$2.8 million
$48 million

9
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$50.6 million
$0.6 million
$50 million

10
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$49.5 million
$23.5 million
$26 million

text: 2014 list[edit]

text: The 2014 list was released on 11 June 2014.[4]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$105 million
$105 million
$0

2
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$80 million
$52 million
$28 million

3
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$72.3 million
$19.3 million
$53 million

4
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$64.7 million
$41.7 million
$23 million

5
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$61.5 million
$30.5 million
$31 million

6
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$61.2 million
$6.2 million
$55 million

7
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$56.2 million
$4.2 million
$52 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$53.2 million
$5.2 million
$48 million

9
Rafael Nadal
Tennis
 Spain
$44.5 million
$14.5 million
$30 million

10
Matt Ryan
American football
 United States
$43.8 million
$42 million
$1.8 million

text: 2013 list[edit]

text: The 2013 list was released on 5 June 2013.[5]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nation
Total
Salary/Winnings
Endorsements

1
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$78.1 million
$13.1 million
$65 million

2
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$71.5 million
$6.5 million
$65 million

3
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$61.9 million
$27.9 million
$34 million

4
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$59.8 million
$17.8 million
$42 million

5
Drew Brees
American football
 United States
$51 million
$40 million
$11 million

6
Aaron Rodgers
American football
 United States
$49 million
$43 million
$6 million

7
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$48.7 million
$4.7 million
$44 million

8
David Beckham
Football
 England
$47.2 million
$5.2 million
$42 million

9
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$44 million
$23 million
$21 million

10
Lionel Messi
Football
 Argentina
$41.3 million
$20.3 million
$21 million

text: 2012 list[edit]

text: The 2012 list was released on 18 June 2012.[6]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nationality
Total earnings
Salary/winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$85 million
$85 million
$0

2
Manny Pacquiao
Boxing
 Philippines
$62 million
$56 million
$6 million

3
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$59.4 million
$4.4 million
$55 million

4
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$53 million
$13 million
$40 million

5
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$52.7 million
$7.7 million
$45 million

6
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$52.3 million
$20.3 million
$32 million

7
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$47.8 million
$4.8 million
$43 million

8
David Beckham
Football
 England
$46 million
$9 million
$37 million

9
Cristiano Ronaldo
Football
 Portugal
$42.5 million
$20.5 million
$22 million

10
Peyton Manning
American football
 United States
$42.4 million
$32.4 million
$10 million


document_title: Installation art

question_text: when did the genre of installation art start to gain acceptance

text: Installation art

text: History[edit]

text: Installation art can be either temporary or permanent. Installation artworks have been constructed in exhibition spaces such as museums and galleries, as well as public and private spaces. The genre incorporates a broad range of everyday and natural materials, which are often chosen for their "evocative" qualities, as well as new media such as video, sound, performance, immersive virtual reality and the internet. Many installations are site-specific in that they are designed to exist only in the space for which they were created, appealing to qualities evident in a three-dimensional immersive medium. Artistic collectives such as the Exhibition Lab at New York's American Museum of Natural History created environments to showcase the natural world in as realistic a medium as possible. Likewise, Walt Disney Imagineering employed a similar philosophy when designing the multiple immersive spaces for Disneyland in 1955. Since its acceptance as a separate discipline, a number of institutions focusing on Installation art were created. These included the Mattress Factory, Pittsburgh, the Museum of Installation in London, and the Fairy Doors of Ann Arbor, MI, among others.

text: Installation art came to prominence in the 1970s but its roots can be identified in earlier artists such as Marcel Duchamp and his use of the readymade and Kurt Schwitters' Merz art objects, rather than more traditional craft based sculpture. The "intention" of the artist is paramount in much later installation art whose roots lie in the conceptual art of the 1960s. This again is a departure from traditional sculpture which places its focus on form. Early non-Western installation art includes events staged by the Gutai group in Japan starting in 1954, which influenced American installation pioneers like Allan Kaprow. Wolf Vostell shows his installation 6 TV Dé-coll/age in 1963[2] at the Smolin Gallery in New York.

text: Installation[edit]

text: Installation as nomenclature for a specific form of art came into use fairly recently; its first use as documented by the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1969. It was coined in this context, in reference to a form of art that had arguably existed since prehistory but was not regarded as a discrete category until the mid-twentieth century. Allan Kaprow used the term "Environment" in 1958 (Kaprow 6) to describe his transformed indoor spaces; this later joined such terms as "project art" and "temporary art."

text: Essentially, installation/environmental art takes into account a broader sensory experience, rather than floating framed points of focus on a "neutral" wall or displaying isolated objects (literally) on a pedestal. This may leave space and time as its only dimensional constants, implying dissolution of the line between "art" and "life"; Kaprow noted that "if we bypass 'art' and take nature itself as a model or point of departure, we may be able to devise a different kind of art... out of the sensory stuff of ordinary life".

text: Gesamtkunstwerk[edit]

text: The conscious act of artistically addressing all the senses with regard to a total experience made a resounding debut in 1849 when Richard Wagner conceived of a Gesamtkunstwerk, or an operatic work for the stage that drew inspiration from ancient Greek theater in its inclusion of all the major art forms: painting, writing, music, etc. (Britannica). In devising operatic works to commandeer the audience's senses, Wagner left nothing unobserved: architecture, ambience, and even the audience itself were considered and manipulated in order to achieve a state of total artistic immersion. In the book "Themes in Contemporary Art", it is suggested that "installations in the 1980s and 1990s were increasingly characterized by networks of operations involving the interaction among complex architectural settings, environmental sites and extensive use of everyday objects in ordinary contexts. With the advent of video in 1965, a concurrent strand of installation evolved through the use of new and ever-changing technologies, and what had been simple video installations expanded to include complex interactive, multimedia and virtual reality environments".

text: Art and Objecthood[edit]

text: In "Art and Objecthood," Michael Fried derisively labels art that acknowledges the viewer as "theatrical" (Fried 45). There is a strong parallel between installation and theater: both play to a viewer who is expected to be at once immersed in the sensory/narrative experience that surrounds him and maintain a degree of self-identity as a viewer. The traditional theater-goer does not forget that he has come in from outside to sit and take in a created experience; a trademark of installation art has been the curious and eager viewer, still aware that he is in an exhibition setting and tentatively exploring the novel universe of the installation.

text: The artist and critic Ilya Kabakov mentions this essential phenomenon in the introduction to his lectures "On the "Total" Installation": "[One] is simultaneously both a 'victim' and a viewer, who on the one hand surveys and evaluates the installation, and on the other, follows those associations, recollections which arise in him[;] he is overcome by the intense atmosphere of the total illusion". Here installation art bestows an unprecedented importance on the observer's inclusion in that which he observes. The expectations and social habits that the viewer takes with him into the space of the installation will remain with him as he enters, to be either applied or negated once he has taken in the new environment. What is common to nearly all installation art is a consideration of the experience in toto and the problems it may present, namely the constant conflict between disinterested criticism and sympathetic involvement. Television and video offer somewhat immersive experiences, but their unrelenting control over the rhythm of passing time and the arrangement of images precludes an intimately personal viewing experience. Ultimately, the only things a viewer can be assured of when experiencing the work are his own thoughts and preconceptions and the basic rules of space and time. All else may be molded by the artist's hands.

text: The central importance of the subjective point of view when experiencing installation art, points toward a disregard for traditional Platonic image theory. In effect, the entire installation adopts the character of the simulacrum or flawed statue: it neglects any ideal form in favor of optimizing its direct appearance to the observer. Installation art operates fully within the realm of sensory perception, in a sense "installing" the viewer into an artificial system with an appeal to his subjective perception as its ultimate goal.

text: Interactive installations[edit]

text: Interactive installation is a sub-category of installation art. An interactive installation frequently involves the audience acting on the work of art or the piece responding to users' activity.[3] There are several kinds of interactive installations that artists produce, these include web-based installations (e.g., Telegarden), gallery-based installations, digital-based installations, electronic-based installations, mobile-based installations, etc. Interactive installations appeared mostly at end of the 1980s (Legible City by Jeffrey Shaw, La plume by Edmond Couchot, Michel Bret...) and became a genre during the 1990s, when artists became particularly interested in using the participation of the audiences to activate and reveal the meaning of the installation.

text: Immersive virtual reality[edit]

text: With the improvement of technology over the years, artists are more able to explore outside of the boundaries that were never able to be explored by artists in the past.[4] The media used are more experimental and bold; they are also usually cross media and may involve sensors, which plays on the reaction to the audiences' movement when looking at the installations. By using virtual reality as a medium, immersive virtual reality art is probably the most deeply interactive form of art.[5] By allowing the spectator to "visit" the representation, the artist creates "situations to live" vs "spectacle to watch".[6] At the turn of a new century, there is a trend of interactive installations using digital, video, film, sound and sculpture.[citation needed]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917. Photograph by Alfred Stieglitz.

Maurice Benayoun, Neorizon, urban interactive art installation, eArts Festival Shanghai, 2008.

Eberhard Bosslet, Anmaßend I, documenta 8, Kassel, Germany 1987

Milton Becerra Ale'ya Durban Segnini Gallery Miami 2009.[7]

Vasiliy Ryabchenko, "Big Bembi", 1994

Christian Boltanski, Signatures, 2011.

Pascal Dombis, Irrationnal Geometrics, 2008.

My Inner Beast, sculpture by the Danish artist Jens Galschiøt. Exhibited in twenty cities across Europe without permission of the authorities.

Carsten Höller. Test Site, Tate Modern, 2006. Members of public slid down as much as five stories inside tubular slides.

Nam June Paik, Electronic Superhighway, Continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii 1995

Sarah Sze, Untitled (Portable Planetarium). Lyon Biennale, Lyon, France, 2009.

Jacek Tylicki, Give if you can - Take if you have to. In the jungle, Arambol, Goa, India.

Wolf Vostell, Auto-Fever, 1973, Museo Vostell Malpartida.

Field of Corn in Dublin, Ohio, 1994


document_title: Microsoft Outlook

question_text: what is the name of the personal mailbox assistant in office 2016

text: Microsoft Outlook

text: Versions[edit]

text: Microsoft Outlook has replaced Microsoft's previous scheduling and mail program, Schedule+ and Exchange Client.

text: Versions of Microsoft Outlook include:

text:
Name
Version Number[4]
Release Date[5]
Notes

Outlook for MS-DOS
-
-
Bundled with Exchange Server 5.5

Outlook for Windows 3.1x[6]
-
-
Bundled with Exchange Server 5.5

Outlook for Macintosh
-
-
Bundled with Exchange Server 5.5

Outlook 97
8.0
January 16, 1997
Included in Office 97 and bundled with Exchange Server 5.5

Outlook 98
8.5
June 21, 1998
Freely distributed with books and magazines for coping with newest Internet standard such as HTML mail.[7] Outlook 98 setup was based on Active Setup which also installed Internet Explorer 4.[8]

Outlook 2000
9.0
June 27, 1999
Included in Office 2000 and bundled with Exchange 2000 Server.

Outlook 2002
10
May 31, 2001
Included in Office XP

Office Outlook 2003
11
November 20, 2003
Included in Office 2003 (incl. Standard Edition for Students and Teachers) and bundled with Exchange Server 2003

Office Outlook 2007
12
January 27, 2007
Included in Office 2007, except Office Home and Student edition

Outlook 2010
14
July 15, 2010
Included in Office 2010 Home and Business, Standard, Professional and Professional Plus

Outlook 2011 for Mac
14
October 26, 2010
Included in Office for Mac 2011 Home and Business

Outlook 2013
15
January 29, 2013
Included in Office 2013, except Home & Student edition

Outlook for Mac
15.3
October 31, 2014
Included in Office 365, except some[which?] commercial editions

Outlook for Phones & Tablets
1.3
2015
Included in Office 365, except some[which?] commercial editions
Includes IOS (Apple O/S) and Android (Google O/S) Support

Outlook 2016
16
September 22, 2015
Included in Office 365

text: Outlook 98 and Outlook 2000 offer two configurations:

text:
Internet Mail Only or IMO mode: A lighter application mode with specific emphasis on POP3 accounts and IMAP accounts and including a lightweight Fax application.
Corporate Workgroup or CW mode: A full MAPI client with specific emphasis on Microsoft Exchange accounts.

text: Microsoft Windows[edit]

text: Outlook 2002[edit]

text: Outlook 2002 introduced the following new features:[9]

text:
AutoComplete for email addresses
Colored categories for calendar items
Group schedules
Hyperlink support in email subject lines
Native support for Outlook.com (formerly Hotmail)
Improved search functionality including the ability to stop a search and resume it later
Lunar calendar support
MSN Messenger integration
Performance improvements[10]
Preview pane improvements including the ability to open hyperlinks; respond to meeting requests; and display email properties without opening a message
Reminder window that consolidates all reminders for appointments and tasks in a single view
Retention policies for documents and email
Security improvements including the automatic blocking of potentially unsafe attachments and of programmatic access to information in Outlook

SP1 introduced the ability to view all non-digitally signed email or unencrypted email as plain text[11]
SP2 allows users to—through the Registry—prevent the addition of new email accounts or the creation of new Personal Storage Tables[12]
SP3 updates the object model guard security for applications that access messages and other items[13]

Smart tags when Word is configured as the default email editor

text: Outlook 2003[edit]

text: Outlook 2003 introduced the following new features:[14]

text:
AutoComplete suggestions for a single character
Cached Exchange mode
Colored (quick) flags
Desktop Alert
Email filtering to combat spam

Images in HTML mail are blocked by default to prevent spammers from determining whether an email address is active via web beacon[15]
SP1 introduced the ability to block email based on country code top-level domains[16]
SP2 introduced anti-phishing functionality that automatically disables hyperlinks present in spam[17]

Expandable distribution lists
Information rights management
Intrinsic support for tablet PC functionality (e.g., handwriting recognition)
Reading pane
Search folders
Unicode support

text: Outlook 2007[edit]

text: Features that debuted in Outlook 2007 include:[18]

text:
Attachment preview, with which the contents of attachments can be previewed before opening

Supported file types include Excel, PowerPoint, Visio, and Word files. If Outlook 2007 is installed on Windows Vista, then audio and video files can be previewed. If a compatible PDF reader such as Adobe Acrobat 8.1 is installed, PDF files can also be previewed.[19]

Auto Account Setup, which allows users to enter a username and password for an email account without entering a server name, port number, or other information
Calendar sharing improvements including the ability to export a calendar as an HTML file—for viewing by users without Outlook—and the ability to publish calendars to an external service (e.g., Office Web Apps) with an online provider (e.g., Microsoft account)
Colored categories with support for user roaming, which replace colored (quick) flags introduced in Outlook 2003[20]
Improved email spam filtering and anti-phishing features

Postmark intends to reduce spam by making it difficult and time consuming to send it

Information rights management improvements with Windows Rights Management Services and managed policy compliance integration with Exchange Server 2007
Japanese Yomi name support for contacts
Multiple calendars can be overlaid with one another to assess details such as potential scheduling conflicts
Ribbon (Office Fluent) interface
Outlook Mobile Service support, which allowed multimedia and SMS text messages to be sent directly to mobile phones[21]
Instant search through Windows Search, an index-based desktop search platform

Instant search functionality is also available in Outlook 2002 and Outlook 2003 if these versions are installed alongside Windows Search[22]

Integrated RSS aggregation
Support for Windows SideShow with the introduction of a calendar gadget[23]
To-Do Bar that consolidates calendar information, flagged email, and tasks from OneNote 2007, Outlook 2007, Project 2007, and Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 websites within a central location.
The ability to export items as PDF or XPS files
Unified messaging support with Exchange Server 2007 with features such as missed call notifications, and voicemail with voicemail preview with Windows Media Player[23]
Word 2007 replaces Internet Explorer as the default viewer for HTML email[20]

text: Outlook 2010[edit]

text: Features that debuted in Outlook 2010 include:[24]

text:
Additional command-line switches
An improved conversation view that groups messages based on different criteria regardless of originating folders
IMAP messages are sent to the Deleted Items folder, eliminating the need to mark messages for future deletion
Notification when email is about to be sent without a subject
Quick Steps, individual collections of commands that allow users to perform multiple actions simultaneously
Ribbon interface in all views
Search Tools contextual tab on the ribbon that appears when performing searches and that includes basic or advanced criteria filters
Social Connector to connect to various social networks and aggregate appointments, contacts, communication history, and file attachments
Spell check in additional areas of the user interface
Support for multiple Exchange accounts in a single Outlook profile
The ability to schedule a meeting with a contact by replying to an email message
To-Do Bar enhancements including visual indicators for conflicts and unanswered meeting requests
Voice mail transcripts for Unified Messaging communications
Zooming user interface for calendar and mail views

text: Outlook 2013[edit]

text: Features that debuted in Outlook 2013, which was released on January 29, 2013, include:

text:
Attachment reminder
Exchange ActiveSync(EAS)
Add-in resiliency
Cached Exchange mode improvements
IMAP improvements
Outlook data file(.ost) compression
People hub
Startup performance improvements

text: Outlook 2016[edit]

text: Features that debuted in Outlook 2016, include:[25]

text:
Attachment link to cloud resource
Groups redesign
Search cloud
Clutter Folder
Email Address Internationalization

text: Macintosh[edit]

text: Microsoft also released several versions of Outlook for classic Mac OS, though it was only for use with Exchange servers. It was not provided as a component of Microsoft Office for Mac, but instead made available to users from administrators or by download. The final version was Outlook for Mac 2001, which was fairly similar to Outlook 2000 and 2002 apart from being exclusively for Exchange users.

text: Microsoft Entourage was introduced as an Outlook-like application for Mac OS in Office 2001, but it lacked Exchange connectivity. Partial support for Exchange server became available natively in Mac OS X with Entourage 2004 Service Pack 2. Entourage is not directly equivalent to Outlook in terms of design or operation; rather, it is a distinct application which has several overlapping features including Exchange client capabilities. Somewhat improved Exchange support was added in Entourage 2008 Web Services Edition.

text: Entourage was replaced by Outlook for Mac 2011, which features greater compatibility and parity with Outlook for Windows than Entourage offered. It is the first native version of Outlook for macOS.

text: Outlook 2011 initially supported Mac OS X's Sync Services only for contacts, not events, tasks or notes. It also does not have a Project Manager equivalent to that in Entourage.[26] With Service Pack 1 (v 14.1.0), published on April 12, 2011, Outlook can now sync calendar, notes and tasks with Exchange 2007 and Exchange 2010.

text: On October 31, 2014, Microsoft released Outlook for Mac (v15.3 build 141024) with Office 365 (a software as a service licensing program that makes Office programs available as soon as they are developed). Outlook for Mac 15.3 improves upon its predecessors with:[27]

text:
Better performance and reliability as a result of a new threading model and database improvements.
A new modern user interface with improved scrolling and agility when switching between Ribbon tabs.
Online archive support for searching Exchange (online or on-premises) archived mail.
Master Category List support and enhancements delivering access to category lists (name and color) and sync between Mac, Microsoft Windows and OWA clients.
Office 365 push email support for real-time email delivery.
Faster first-run and email download experience with improved Exchange Web Services syncing.[27]

text: iOS and Android[edit]

text: Outlook for Phones & Tablets[edit]

text: In January 2015, Microsoft released Outlook for Phones and Tablets (v1.3 build) with Office 365 This was the first Outlook for these platforms with email, calendar, and contacts.[28]

text: Internet standards compliance[edit]

text: HTML rendering[edit]

text: Outlook 2007 was the first Outlook to switch from Internet Explorer rendering engine to Microsoft Word 2007's. This means HTML and CSS items not handled by Word are no longer supported. On the other hand, HTML messages composed in Word look as they appeared to the author.[29] This affects publishing newsletters and reports, because they frequently use intricate HTML and CSS to form their layout. For example, forms can no longer be embedded in email.

text: Support of CSS properties and HTML attributes[edit]

text: Outlook for Windows has very limited CSS support compared to various other e-mail clients. Neither CSS1 (1996) nor CSS2 (1998) specifications are fully implemented and many CSS properties can only to be used with certain HTML elements for the desired effect.[30] Some HTML attributes help achieve proper rendering of e-mails in Outlook, but most of these attributes are already deprecated in the HTML 4.0 specifications (1997).[31] In order to achieve the best compatibility with Outlook, most HTML e-mails are created using multiple boxed tables, as the table element and its sub-elements support the width and height property in Outlook. No improvements have been made towards a more standards-compliant email client since the release of Outlook 2007.[32]

text: Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format[edit]

text: Outlook and Exchange Server internally handle messages, appointments and items as objects in a data model which is derived from the old proprietary Microsoft Mail system, the Rich Text Format from Microsoft Word and the complex OLE general data model.[33] When these programs interface with other protocols such as the various Internet and X.400 protocols, they try to map this internal model onto those protocols in a way that can be reversed if the ultimate recipient is also running Outlook or Exchange.[34]

text: This focus on the possibility that emails and other items will ultimately be converted back to Microsoft Mail format is so extreme that if Outlook/Exchange cannot figure out a way to encode the complete data in the standard format, it simply encodes the entire message/item in a proprietary binary format called Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format (TNEF) and sends this as an attached file (usually named "winmail.dat") to an otherwise incomplete rendering of the mail/item. If the recipient is Outlook/Exchange it can simply discard the incomplete outer message and use the encapsulated data directly, but if the recipient is any other program, the message received will be incomplete because the data in the TNEF attachment will be of little use without the Microsoft software for which it was created.[34] As a workaround, numerous tools for (partially) decoding TNEF files exist.[35]

text: Calendar compatibility[edit]

text: Outlook does not fully support data and syncing specifications for calendaring and contacts, such as iCalendar, CalDAV, SyncML, and vCard 3.0. Outlook 2007 claims to be fully iCalendar compliant; however, it does not support all core objects, such as VTODO or VJOURNAL.[36] Also, Outlook supports vCard 2.1 and does not support multiple contacts in the vCard format as a single file. Outlook has also been criticized for having proprietary "Outlook extensions" to these Internet standards.

text: Security concerns[edit]

text: As part of its Trustworthy Computing initiative, Microsoft took corrective steps to fix Outlook's reputation in Office Outlook 2003. Among the most publicized security features are that Office Outlook 2003 does not automatically load images in HTML emails or permit opening executable attachments by default, and includes a built-in Junk Mail filter.[37] Service Pack 2 has augmented these features and adds an anti-phishing filter.[38]

text: Outlook add-ins[edit]

text: Outlook add-ins are small helping programs for the Microsoft Outlook application. The main purpose of the add-ins is to add new functional capabilities into Microsoft Outlook and automate some routine operations. The term also refers to programs where the main function is to work on Outlook files, such as synchronization or backup utilities. Outlook add-ins may be developed in Microsoft Visual Studio or third-party tools such as Add-in Express. Outlook add-ins are not supported in Outlook Web App.

text: From Outlook 97 on, Exchange Client Extensions are supported in Outlook. Outlook 2000 and later support specific COM components called Outlook AddIns. The exact supported features (such as .NET components) for later generations were extended with each release.

text: SalesforceIQ Inbox for Outlook[edit]

text: In March 2016, Salesforce announced that its relationship intelligence platform, SalesforceIQ, would be able to seamlessly integrate with Outlook.[39] SalesforceIQ works from inside the Outlook inbox providing data from CRM, email and customer social profiles. It also provides recommendations within the inbox on various aspects like meeting scheduling, contacts, responses etc.

text: Hotmail Connector[edit]

text: Microsoft Outlook Hotmail Connector (formerly Microsoft Office Outlook Connector), is a discontinued and defunct free add-in for Microsoft Outlook 2003, 2007 and 2010, intended to integrate Outlook.com (formerly Hotmail) into Microsoft Outlook. It uses DeltaSync, a proprietary Microsoft communications protocol that Hotmail formerly used.[40]

text: In version 12, access to tasks and notes and online synchronization with MSN Calendar is only available to MSN subscribers of paid premium accounts. Version 12.1, released in December 2008 as an optional upgrade, uses Windows Live Calendar instead of the former MSN Calendar. This meant that calendar features became free for all users, except for tasks synchronization which became unavailable. In April 2008, version 12.1 became a required upgrade to continue using the service as part of a migration from MSN Calendar to Windows Live Calendar.[41]

text: Microsoft Outlook 2013 and later have intrinsic support for accessing Outlook.com and its calendar over the Exchange ActiveSync (EAS) protocol,[42] while older versions of Microsoft Outlook can read and synchronize Outlook.com emails over the IMAP protocol.[43]

text: Social Connector[edit]

text: Outlook Social Connector was a free add-in for Microsoft Outlook 2003 and 2007 by Microsoft that allowed integration of social networks such as Facebook, Linkedin and Windows Live Messenger into Microsoft Outlook.[44] It was first introduced in November 18, 2009.[45] Starting with Microsoft Office 2010, Outlook Social Connector is an integral part of Outlook.[46]

text: CardDAV and CalDAV Connector[edit]

text: Since Microsoft Outlook does not support CalDAV and CardDAV protocol along the way, various 3rd-party software vendors developed Outlook add-ins to enable users synchronizing with CalDAV and CardDAV servers. CalConnect has a list[47] of software that enable users to synchronize their calendars with CalDAV servers/contacts with CardDAV servers.

text: Importing from other email clients[edit]

text: Traditionally, Outlook supported importing messages from Outlook Express and Lotus Notes. In addition, Microsoft Outlook supports POP3 and IMAP protocols, enabling users to import mails from servers that support these protocols, such as Gmail. Microsoft Hotmail Connector add-in (described above) helps importing email from Hotmail accounts. Outlook 2013 later integrated the functionality of this add-in and added the ability to import email (as well as calendar) through Exchange ActiveSync protocol.[42]

text: There are some ways to get the emails from Thunderbird; the first is to use a tool[48] that can convert a Thunderbird folder to a format that can be imported from Outlook Express. This method must be processed folder by folder. The other method is to use a couple of free tools that keep the original folder structure.[49] If Exchange is available, an easier method is to connect the old mail client (Thunderbird) to Exchange using IMAP, and upload the original mail from the client to the Exchange account.


document_title: MKS system of units

question_text: the unit of area in mks system is

question_tokens: the unit of area in mks system is

text: MKS system of units

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The MKS system of units is a physical system of units that expresses any given measurement using base units of the metre, kilogram, and/or second (MKS).[1]

text: Historically the use of the MKS system of units succeeded the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) in commerce and engineering, (1889). The metre and kilogram system served as the basis for the development of the International System of Units, which now serves as the international standard. Because of this, the standards of the CGS system were gradually replaced with metric standards incorporated from the MKS system.[2] The exact list of units used in the MKS system changed over time. It incorporated base units other than the metre, kilogram, and second in addition to derived units. An incomplete list of the base and derived units appears below. Since the MKS system of units never had a governing body to rule on a standard definition, the list of units depended on different conventions at different times.

text:
Cycle (This dimensionless quantity became synonymous with the term "cycle per second" as an abbreviation. This circumstance confused the exact definition of the term cycle. Therefore, the phrase "cycle per metre" became ill-defined. The cycle did not become an SI unit.)
Cycle per second[3]
Cycle per metre (This measure of wavenumber became ill-defined due to the abbreviation of "cycle per second" as "cycle".)

text: In 1901, Giovanni Giorgi proposed to the Associazione elettrotecnica italiana (it) (AEI) that this system, extended with a fourth unit to be taken from the units of electromagnetism, be used as an international system.[4] This system was strongly promoted by electrical engineer George A. Campbell [5].