document_title: RMS Queen Mary 2

question_text: where does the queen mary 2 sail to

question_tokens: where does the queen mary 2 sail to

text: RMS Queen Mary 2

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Queen Mary 2 is the flagship of Cunard Line. The ship was constructed for eventual replacement of the aging Queen Elizabeth 2, the Cunard flagship from 1969 to 2004 and the last major ocean liner built before the construction of Queen Mary 2. Queen Mary 2 had the Royal Mail Ship (RMS) title conferred on her, as a gesture to Cunard's history, by Royal Mail when she entered service in 2004 on the Southampton to New York route.[13]

text: Queen Mary 2 is not a steamship like many of her predecessors, but is powered primarily by four diesel engines, with two additional gas turbines used when extra power is required; this integrated electric propulsion configuration is used to produce the power to drive her four electric propulsion pods as well as powering the ship's hotel services.[14] The spaces for these prime movers are also split, and controls are also backed up, with the intention of preventing a single failure from disabling the ship.[15]

text: Like her predecessor Queen Elizabeth 2 she is built for crossing the Atlantic Ocean, though she is regularly used for cruising; in the winter season she cruises from New York to the Caribbean on twelve- or thirteen-day tours. Queen Mary 2's 30-knot (56 km/h; 35 mph) open ocean speed sets the ship apart from cruise ships, such as MS Oasis of the Seas, which has a service speed of 22.6 knots (41.9 km/h; 26.0 mph); QM2's normal service speed is 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph).[14] While the hull of a cruise ship will typically have a block coefficient of 0.73 (1.0 would represent a rectangular block) Queen Mary 2 is more fine-lined, with a block coefficient of 0.61.[15]

text: Design and construction[edit]

text: Cunard completed a design for a new class of 84,000 GT, 2,000 passenger liners on 8 June 1998, but revised them upon comparing those specifications with Carnival Cruise Line's 100,000 GT Destiny-class cruise ships and Royal Caribbean International's 137,276 GT Voyager class.[16]

text: In December 1998, Cunard released details of Project Queen Mary, the project to develop a liner that would complement Queen Elizabeth 2. Harland and Wolff of Northern Ireland, Aker Kværner of Norway, Fincantieri of Italy, Meyer Werft of Germany, and Chantiers de l'Atlantique of France were invited to bid on the project. The contract was finally signed with Chantiers de l'Atlantique, a subsidiary of Alstom, on 6 November 2000. This was the same yard that built Cunard's former rivals, the SS Normandie and SS France of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique.[16] Due to QM2's size and complexity, the shipyard resourced the project at 1.7 to 2 times higher than a typical cruise ship.[17]

text: Her keel was laid down on 4 July 2002, in the construction dock at Saint-Nazaire, France, with the hull number G32. Approximately 3,000 craftsmen spent around eight million working hours on the ship, and around 20,000 people were directly or indirectly involved in her design, construction, and fitting out. In total, 300,000 pieces of steel were assembled into 94 "blocks" off the dry dock, which were then stacked and welded together to complete the hull and superstructure.[18] After floating out on 21 March 2003, the QM2 was fitted out in the large fitting out basin ("Bassin C"), the first ship to use this huge dry dock since the shipyard built large tankers in the 1970s, such as the MV Gastor. Her sea trials were conducted during 25–29 September and 7–11 November 2003,[19] between Saint-Nazaire and the offshore islands of Île d'Yeu and Belle-Île. The final stages of construction were marred by a fatal accident on 15 November 2003, when a gangway collapsed under a group of shipyard workers and their relatives who had been invited to visit the vessel. In total, 32 people were injured and 16 were killed, after a 15-metre (49 ft) fall into the drydock.[20]

text: Construction was completed on schedule. Cunard took delivery in Southampton, England, on 26 December 2003. On 8 January 2004, the liner was officially named by Queen Elizabeth II. [21][22]

text: Exterior[edit]

text: Queen Mary 2's principal naval architect was Carnival's in-house designer, Stephen Payne.[23] Payne intended many aspects of the ship's design to resemble notable aspects of former ocean liners, such as Queen Elizabeth 2 and the ship's predecessor Queen Mary. These features include the three thick black lines that wrap around either edge of the ship's bridge screen, and at the stern end of the superstructure, which are to recall the appearance of the crossovers of the forward decks on the first Queen Mary.[24]

text: Queen Mary 2 has 14,164 square metres (152,460.0 sq ft) of exterior deck space, with wind screens to shield passengers as the ship travels at high speeds. Three of the ship's four swimming pools are outdoors. One of the pools on Deck 12 is covered with a retractable magrodome. The indoor pool is on Deck 7, in the Canyon Ranch Spa Club.

text: In common with liners such as RMS Queen Mary, there is a continuous wrap-around promenade deck on Deck 7. The promenade passes behind the bridge screen and allows passengers to completely circumnavigate the deck while protected from the strong winds generated by the ship at speed. One circuit of the promenade is a distance of 620 m (2,030 ft). The flanking promenades are created by the need to step the superstructure in, to allow for space for lifeboats. By SOLAS standards, the lifeboats should have been lower on the ship's hull (15 m (49 ft) above the waterline), but for the sake of Queen Mary 2's appearance as well as to avoid the danger of large North Atlantic waves damaging the boats in a storm, Payne convinced SOLAS officials to exempt Queen Mary 2 from this requirement, and the boats are 25 m (82 ft) above the waterline.[25]

text: Payne's initial intent was to make the ship's stern profile with a spoon shape, similar to that on most previous ocean liners, but the mounting of the propeller pods required a flat transom. The compromise was a Constanzi stern — a combination of the two. The final design was agreed upon, as a Constanzi stern provides the transom required for azimuthal pod propulsors, and provides better seaholding characteristics in a following swell than a standard transom stern.[26] In common with many modern ships, both passenger and cargo, Queen Mary 2 has a bulbous bow to reduce drag and thereby increase speed, range, and fuel efficiency.[27]

text: While of a design similar to that of Queen Elizabeth 2, Queen Mary 2's funnel has a slightly different shape, because a taller funnel would have made it impossible for the ship to pass under the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City at high tide. The final design permits a minimum of 13 feet (4.0 m) of clearance under the bridge.[28]

text: As Queen Mary 2 is too large to dock in many ports, passengers are ferried to and from the ship in tenders, which can be used as lifeboats in an emergency. These are stored while at sea in davits alongside the lifeboats. To transport passengers to shore the tenders pull up to one of four loading stations, each of which has a large hull door that hydraulically opens outwards to form a boarding platform, complete with railings and decking.[14]

text: Queen Mary 2 is a post-Panamax ship. As a result, Queen Mary 2 must circumnavigate South America to cross between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The decision not to constrain her size to transit the Panama Canal was taken as Queen Elizabeth 2 only transited once a year, during the world cruise. Cunard decided to pass up the convenience of the occasional passage in favour of a greater passenger capacity.[29]

text: Interior[edit]

text: As is the case with many modern passenger ships, many of the major public rooms on board Queen Mary 2 are on the lowest public decks of the ship, with the passenger cabins stacked above.[30] This is the opposite of the traditional practice on ocean liners, but the design allowed for larger rooms to be contained within the stronger hull, as well as for more passenger cabins to have private balconies higher up on the ship, where they are less affected by large waves. Payne attempted to create a central axis to the two main public room decks (similar in fashion to the Normandie), but a full vista is broken by various public rooms that span the full beam of the ship. The dining rooms were placed further aft, though not directly at the stern, where the fore-and-aft pitching of the ship is most noticeable, and might cause discomfort to dining passengers.

text: Deck 2, the lowest passenger deck, contains the Illuminations theatre, cinema and planetarium (the first at sea); [31] Royal Court Theatre; Grand Lobby; "Empire Casino"; "Golden Lion Pub"; and the lower level of the "Britannia Restaurant". Deck 3 holds the upper levels of "Illuminations", the "Royal Court theatre" and the "Britannia Restaurant", as well as a small shopping arcade, "Veuve Cliquot champagne bar", the "Chart Room", "Sir Samuel's" wine bar, the "Queen's Room", and the "G32" Nightclub. The other main public deck is Deck 7, on which are the "Canyon Ranch Spa", "Carinthia Lounge", "King's Court", the "Queen's Grill Lounge", and the "Queen's Grill" and "Princess Grill" restaurants for higher-fare passengers. The public rooms on Deck 8 include the à la carte "Verandah Restaurant" an 8,000-volume library[32] (the largest of any cruise ship[33]), a book shop and the upper part of the Canyon Ranch Spa. Also on Deck 8 is a large outdoor pool and terrace at the stern.[30] The kennels, located aft on starboard side of Deck 12, are available only for transatlantic crossings. They can accommodate up to twelve dogs and cats in six small and six large cages.[34]

text: The King's Court area on the ship is open twenty four hours a day, serving as a buffet restaurant for breakfast and lunch. The overall space is divided into quarters, with each section decorated according to the theme of the four separate alternate dining venues that are "created" each evening through lighting, tableware, and menus: Lotus, which specialises in Asian cuisine; the Carvery, a British style grille; La Piazza, with Italian food; and the Chef's Galley, which offers an interactive experience to food preparation.[35][36]

text: The passengers' dining arrangements on board are dictated by the type of accommodation in which they choose to travel. Around 85% of passengers are in Britannia class, and, therefore, dine in the main restaurant. However, passengers can choose to upgrade to either a "junior suite", and dine in the "Princess Grill"', or a suite, and dine in the "Queens' Grill".[37][38] Those in the two latter categories are grouped together by Cunard as "Grill Passengers", and they are permitted to use the "Queens' Grill Lounge" and a private outdoor area on deck 11 with its own whirlpool.[30][39] This feature is also present on both Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth. However, all other public areas can be used by all passengers.[40]

text: As the Britannia Restaurant takes up the full width of the ship on two decks, a 'tween deck, called Deck 3L, was devised to allow passengers to walk from the Grand Lobby to the Queen's Room without traversing the dining room mid-meal. The deck consists of two corridors that run beneath the upper balcony of the restaurant on Deck 3, and above the main dining area on Deck 2. This is why the balcony of the Britannia has tiers that step up towards the hull. This arrangement is illustrated on the hull where there is a stack of three rows of windows in the area where the main restaurant sits, the two upper and lower most rows illuminate the dining room, while the centre row serves Deck 3L. There is a similar arrangement through the Royal Court Theatre. As well, the passages that run on either side of Illuminations on Deck 3 ramp upwards to compensate for the change in deck elevation between the entrance to Illuminations and an elevator bank forward of the room.[30]

text: More than 5000 commissioned works of art are visible in Queen Mary 2's public rooms, corridors, staterooms and lobbies, having been created by 128 artists from sixteen different countries.[41] Two of the most notable pieces are Barbara Broekman's tapestry, an abstract depiction of an ocean liner, bridge, and New York skyline which spans the full height of the Britannia Restaurant, and the British sculptor John McKenna's sheet bronze relief mural in the Grand Lobby, a 7 m square portrait of the ship fabricated in bronze inspired by the Art Deco mural in the main dining room of the original Queen Mary.[42]

text: 2016 refit[edit]

text: In July 2015, Cunard announced plans for a month-long refit of Queen Mary 2 at the Blohm + Voss Shipyard in Germany in late May and June 2016.[43] Major changes include the addition of fifteen individual staterooms, which will be the first on the ship, thirty additional balcony staterooms, and ten more animal kennels.[43]

text: Technical[edit]

text: Power plant and propulsion system[edit]

text: Queen Mary 2's power plant comprises sixteen-cylinder Wärtsilä 16V46CR EnviroEngine marine diesel engines, generating a combined 67,200 kW (90,100 hp) at 514 rpm, and two General Electric LM2500+ gas turbines, which together provide a further 50,000 kW (67,000 hp), all of which is converted into electricity used to power electric motors that drive the propellers. Such an arrangement, known as integrated electric propulsion (IEP), provides for economical cruising at low speed combined with an ability to sustain much higher speeds when required, and has been common in naval vessels for some time.[14] While Queen Mary 2 is the first passenger ship to feature IEP propulsion, the first major passenger vessel to be powered by gas turbines was the Finnish ferry GTS Finnjet in 1977.[44]

text: Thrust is provided by four Rolls-Royce Mermaid azimuth thruster type podded propulsion units,[45][46] each featuring one forward-facing low-vibration propeller with separately bolted blades. The forward pair of thrusters is fixed, but the aft pair can swivel through 360°, removing the need for a rudder.[14] The Queen Mary 2 is the first quadruple-propeller passenger ship completed since the SS France in 1961.[47] Queen Mary 2 carries eight spare blades on the foredeck, immediately forward of the bridge screen.

text: Because Queen Mary 2's propulsion machinery is electrically decoupled from her propellers, her propulsion arrangement may arguably be more accurately described as "CODLAG electric" (by analogy with turbo-electric and diesel-electric);[citation needed] however "integrated electric propulsion" is the term of art. The diesel engines and gas turbines drive electric generators, which provide the power to drive four 21,500 kW (28,800 hp) Alstom electrical motors located inside the podded propulsors (and thus entirely outside the vessel's hull).[14] Unusually, Queen Mary 2's gas turbines are not housed along with her diesels in the engine room deep in her hull, but instead are in a soundproofed enclosure directly beneath the funnel. This arrangement allowed the vessel's designers to supply the oxygen-hungry turbines with air intakes without having to run air ducts the height of the ship, which would have wasted valuable interior space.[14]

text: Navigation[edit]

text: Queen Mary 2 has a state-of-the-art navigation system designed by British firm Kelvin Hughes, meeting and exceeding all International Maritime Organization regulations. The system consists of six radar navigation scanners and eight multifunction display units. The system includes the latest generation of Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), allowing for fully paperless navigation and redundancy of operation.

text: Queen Mary 2 is fitted with Kelvin Hughes solid state "SharpEye" radar scanners.

text: Water supply[edit]

text: Fresh water aboard Queen Mary 2 is supplied by three seawater desalination plants. The plants, each with a capacity of 630,000 litres (170,000 US gal) per day, use multiple effect plate (MEP) distillation technology. The plants' energy is supplied primarily by steam and cooling water from the ship's gas turbines and diesel engines, or if needed by steam from the ship's two oil-fired boilers. The traditional multiple-effect distillation technology has been improved for the ship's plant, so that scaling of plates is reduced, vastly reducing maintenance required. The desalinated water has a very low salt content of less than five parts per million. Average total water production is 1,100,000 litres (290,000 US gal) per day with a capacity of 1,890,000 litres (500,000 US gal) so that there is ample spare capacity. The ship could easily be supplied by only two of the three plants.[48] Potable water tanks have a capacity of 3,830,000 litres (1,010,000 US gal), enough for more than three days of supply.[49] If the engines are running on low load (when the ship is running at a slow speed) the engine jacket cooling water temperature is insufficient to heat the seawater to run the desalination plants. In that case steam from oil-fired boilers is used to heat the sea water. This is uneconomical as generating steam is expensive. It may be cheaper, therefore, to buy water in a particular port than to produce it on board. The seawater intakes are located in the hull of the ship. Concentrated salt solution (brine) is discharged to the sea closer to the ship's stern together with cooling water from the engines.[50] An additional plant was added during the 2016 refit works.

text: Service history[edit]

text: On 12 January 2004 Queen Mary 2 set sail on her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, in the United States, carrying 2,620 passengers. She was under the command of captain Ronald Warwick, who had previously commanded Queen Elizabeth 2. Warwick is the son of William (Bill) Warwick, who had also been a senior Cunard officer and the first captain of Queen Elizabeth 2. The ship returned to Southampton late from her maiden voyage after bow doors covering the thrusters failed to shut in Portugal.[51]

text: During the 2004 Summer Olympics Queen Mary 2 sailed to Athens and docked at Piraeus for two weeks for use as a floating hotel, serving the then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair and his wife Cherie, French President Jacques Chirac, then United States President George W. Bush, and the United States Olympic men's basketball team.[52][53] According to Cunard, Queen Mary 2's passengers have also included jazz musician Dave Brubeck and singers Rod Stewart, Carly Simon, and James Taylor.[54]

text: One 2005 transatlantic crossing saw Queen Mary 2 carrying, in a locked steamer trunk, the first United States copy of J. K. Rowling's book Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, autographed by the author. In a promotional press release for the event, Cunard said that this marked the first time a book had been transported to its international launch aboard an ocean liner.[55]

text: In January 2006 Queen Mary 2 embarked on a circumnavigation of South America. Upon departure from Fort Lauderdale, one of her propeller pods was damaged when it struck a channel wall, forcing the ship to sail at a reduced speed, which resulted in Commodore Warwick's decision to skip several calls on its voyage to Rio de Janeiro. Many of her passengers threatened to stage a sit-in protest because of the missed calls, before Cunard offered to refund the voyage costs. Queen Mary 2 continued to operate at a reduced service speed and several itinerary changes were necessary until repairs had been completed after the ship returned to Europe in June, where Queen Mary 2 paid a visit to dry dock and the damaged propeller pod was unseated.[56] In November, Queen Mary 2 was drydocked once more at the Blohm + Voss yard in Hamburg (drydock Elbe 17) for the reinstallation of the repaired propeller pod. At the same time, sprinkler systems were installed in all of the vessel's balconies to comply with new safety regulations which had come into effect since the MS Star Princess fire. Additionally, both bridge wings were extended by two metres to improve visibility.[57]

text: After completing the journey around South America, on 23 February 2006, Queen Mary 2 met her namesake, the original RMS Queen Mary, which is permanently docked at Long Beach, California. Escorted by a flotilla of smaller ships, the two Queens exchanged a "whistle salute" which was heard throughout the city of Long Beach.[58] Queen Mary 2 met the other serving Cunard liners Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth 2 on 13 January 2008 near the Statue of Liberty in New York City harbour, with a celebratory fireworks display; Queen Elizabeth 2 and Queen Victoria made a tandem crossing of the Atlantic for the meeting. This marked the first time three Cunard Queens have been present in the same location. Cunard stated this would be the last time these three ships would ever meet,[59] due to Queen Elizabeth 2's impending retirement from service in late 2008.[60] However this would prove not to be the case, as the three Queens met in Southampton on 22 April 2008.[61][62] Queen Mary 2 rendezvoused with Queen Elizabeth 2 in Dubai on Saturday 21 March 2009, after the latter ship's retirement,[63] while both ships were berthed at Port Rashid.[64] With the withdrawal of Queen Elizabeth 2 from Cunard's fleet and its docking in Dubai, Queen Mary 2 became the only ocean liner left in active passenger service.

text: On 3 August 2007 three men were stopped by police while escorting and piloting a replica of the first American combat submarine within 200 feet (61 m) of Queen Mary 2, then docked at the cruise ship terminal in Red Hook, Brooklyn. The replica was created by New York artist Philip "Duke" Riley and two out-of-town residents, one of whom claimed to be a descendant of David Bushnell, who had invented it. The Coast Guard issued Riley a citation for having an unsafe vessel, and for violating the security zone around Queen Mary 2.[65][66] On 19 October 2011, Queen Mary 2 had her registry changed to Hamilton, Bermuda, from her previous home port of Southampton, to allow the ship to host on-board weddings. This marked the first time in its 171-year history that Cunard has not had a ship registered within the UK.[67] Bermuda is a member of the Red Ensign Group and the ship continues to fly the undefaced Red Ensign rather than the Bermuda Red Ensign.[68]

text: World cruises[edit]

text: On 10 January 2007, Queen Mary 2 started her first world cruise, circumnavigating the globe in 81 days. On 20 February, she met her fleet-mate, Queen Elizabeth 2, also on her 2007 world cruise, in Sydney harbour. [69] This is the first time two Cunard Queens had been together in Sydney since the original Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth served as troop ships in 1941.[70] Despite the early arrival time of 5:42 am, the Queen Mary 2's presence attracted so many viewers that the Sydney Harbour Bridge and Anzac Bridge were blocked.[71] With 1,600 passengers leaving the ships in Sydney, Cunard estimated the stopovers injected more than $3 million into the local economy.[72]

text: On 10 January 2012, the ship embarked on a three-month world cruise from Southampton, travelling south and then east around Africa, a first ever circumnavigation of Australia, to Japan, then back to Southampton along the south coastline of Eurasia and through the Suez Canal.[73]

text: Anniversary voyage[edit]

text: In October 2009, Queen Mary 2 celebrated her fifth year in service with an 8-night voyage around the British Isles. The voyage included maiden visits to Greenock[74] and Liverpool.[75]

text: The Boston Cup[edit]

text: Carried aboard Queen Mary 2 is the Boston Cup. Sometimes referred to as The Britannia Cup, this artifact was created for Sir Samuel Cunard in Boston, United States, to commemorate the arrival of his first vessel RMS Britannia.[76] Cunard had selected Boston as the American port for his Atlantic service, which resulted in a strong connection between Boston and the Cunard Line.[77] It is believed that the cup was presented to Sir Samuel Cunard sometime in 1840; however, for much of its life it was missing. It was discovered in an antique shop in 1967 and returned to Cunard, where it was placed aboard Queen Elizabeth 2. In 2004, when QM2 became the flagship, the Boston Cup was placed aboard QM2.[76] It is in a glass case, aft of the Chart Room lounge.[78]

text: In July 2007 the National Geographic Channel broadcast an episode of the documentary series Megastructures about Queen Mary 2.[79] The vessel also featured in the pilot episode of the documentary TV series Mighty Ships.

text: Propulsion failures[edit]

text: The Rolls-Royce Mermaid propulsor pods fitted to QM2 have proven to be prone to failure. The failures had been so frequent and extensive that Carnival Corp. (USA), by way of its Cunard Line division, has taken Rolls-Royce Corp. (UK) to court in the United States in January 2009. The former placed claim that the Mermaid pod propulsion systems fitted to Cunard Line's flagship Queen Mary 2 are inherently defective in design. Cunard contends that Rolls Royce knew about the design deficiencies and deliberately conspired to mislead, deceive and defraud in the course of winning the contract. The Achilles’ heel of the design has been the motors' massive thrust bearings, which have continued to show a tendency to fail even after numerous attempts at redesign.[80] In January 2011 Carnival Corporation was awarded US$24 million (approx. UK£15 million at the time of verdict) by the United States court due to the repeated failure of the propulsors.[81]

text: Cunard Royal Rendezvous[edit]

text: Two years after the first Cunard Royal Rendezvous on the same date Queen Mary 2 met up with Queen Victoria and the then brand-new MS Queen Elizabeth for another Royal Rendezvous in New York City on 13 January 2011. Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth made a tandem crossing of the Atlantic for the event. All three ships met in front of the statue of Liberty at 6:45 pm for Grucci fireworks. The Empire State Building was lit up in red to mark the event.[59]

text: On 5 June 2012, the three Queens met again, but this time in Southampton to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.[82]

text: Atlantic rowing[edit]

text: Queen Mary 2 has rendezvoused with ocean rowing teams in the middle of the Atlantic. On 30 July 2010 she met up with Artemis Investments, whose rowing crew were Don Lennox, Livar Nysted, Ray Carroll, Leven Brown. Carroll had been a former engineer and was patched through via marine VHF radio and QM2's tannoy system to speak to the captain and crew.[83][84][85] On 26 September 2013 Queen Mary 2 resupplied solo-rower Mylène Paquette and her vessel Hermel with a replacement satellite phone, drogue anchor and groceries. Queen Mary 2 changed her course by 20 degrees and only added 14 miles to the overall distance of the crossing.[86][87][88][89]

text: Atlantic rescue[edit]

text: In June 2017, the ship came to the rescue of another sailor, a former Royal Marine Mervyn Wheatley who had got into difficulties whilst taking part in a trans-Atlantic race. The British and Canadian coastguards coordinated a long-range rescue. The rescue involved a Royal Air Force Hercules aircraft after they detected Wheatley's distress beacon [90].

text: Engine fire[edit]

text: A small fire broke out in the gas turbine engine room (located high on the ship behind the Queen Mary 2 sign[91]) on the evening of 5 October 2011. The fire was started in one of the ship's gas turbines. No injuries were reported, and crew on board the ship managed to safely extinguish the fire.[92]

text: Plant incident[edit]

text: On 23 September 2010, an incident occurred in Queen Mary 2's aft harmonic filter room. This resulted in the shutdown of all four propulsion motors and a loss of electrical power throughout the ship. Within an hour, the ship's main generators were restarted and it was able to resume passage. The later investigations finding revealed that an explosion was caused by electrical arcing within the aft harmonic filter igniting leaked dielectric fluid vapour.[93]

text: 200th transatlantic voyage[edit]

text: On 6 July 2013 Queen Mary 2 departed New York en route to Southampton on her 200th transatlantic voyage. On board speakers were Stephen Payne OBE—the ship's designer—and presenter and newsreader Nick Owen, who presented talks about the ship's design.[94]

text: 10th birthday celebrations[edit]

text: On 6 May 2014, all three Queens met up for the first time in Lisbon, Portugal. The three ships sailed abreast of each other from Lisbon to Southampton. On 9 May 2014 Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria led Queen Mary 2 up the Southampton channel where they docked in formation at the QEII terminal and performed a birthday salute to Queen Mary 2. The anniversary included a tour of the ship by His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh.[95]

text: Cunard 175th anniversary[edit]

text: On 25 May 2015, all three Queens met, once again, at Liverpool, in order to celebrate the 175th anniversary of the shipping line. After arriving at Liverpool the previous day, Queen Mary 2 made a brief excursion to the entrance of the River Mersey to welcome her two fleetmates into port in the early afternoon. The three Cunarders then sailed, in formation, towards Liverpool. The ships spent several hours together, before the departure of Queen Mary 2 to Saint Peter Port, Guernsey.[96][97][98]

text: On 2 July 2015, Queen Mary 2 began a 175th Anniversary Crossing in Southampton. She sailed first to Liverpool, leaving that city after a fireworks display on 4 July, the actual anniversary date of Cunard's first transatlantic voyage. Queen Mary 2 followed the route of the original ship Britannia, calling first at Halifax, Nova Scotia. After a day there, she headed first upriver into the harbor, using her bow thrusters and swivel-pod motors to negotiate the tight turnaround to come back down close to the cityfront. A 21-gun salute and bagpipe band honored the ship.

text: From Halifax, the ship sailed to Boston and was there for a full day at the cruise terminal. (Boston was the terminus of the original crossing in 1840.) In the evening, the captain backed the ship out of the slip and continued backing up all the way to the Maritime History Museum, where a fireworks display was presented before Queen Mary 2 sailed away. After a night and day at sea, the vessel entered New York Harbor early the morning of 14 July and docked at the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal. Later in the evening the vessel sailed to the lower harbor, between the Statue of Liberty and the Battery, for the Forever Cunard Queen Mary 2 Light Show.[99]

text: Environmental performance[edit]

text: When designing Queen Mary 2, the designers aimed to reduce the ship's impact on the environment by improving fuel efficiency and through better management of waste, not only to reduce fuel costs, but also to increase the service life of the ship, as it was predicted that tighter environmental regulations would be implemented while the ship was in service. Initial targets included the reuse of treated wastewater for non-potable uses and zero discharge of solid waste into the sea. For economic and other reasons, as well as to reduce energy consumption from incineration, some of these measures were not implemented. Queen Mary 2's environmental performance nevertheless is an improvement from that of many older ships, as well as international standards on waste.[27][49]

text: According to Cunard, the ship exceeds some requirements of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships (MARPOL 73/78) of the International Maritime Organization. It discharges waste into the sea only in areas more than 12 nmi (14 mi) from any coast, even though MARPOL allows discharge of treated organic waste and treated bilge water closer to the shore. Discharges of potentially harmful substances, in particular the residual oil content of treated bilge water and air emissions, are monitored regularly to ensure compliance with environmental standards.[49] In areas where air pollution from sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain, is a concern, the ship switches to low-sulfur fuel to minimise air pollution.[49]

text: According to the carbon offset company Climate Care, passenger ships release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere per passenger mile than long haul flights. Cunard attempted to reduce the carbon footprint of Queen Mary 2 by improving engine efficiency and reducing friction while the ship is in motion. In November 2008, the ship was given a refit in Hamburg, part of which involved the repainting of the hull in paint which is designed to reduce drag and improve fuel economy.[49][100] According to Blohm + Voss, her 2016 refit included the installation of "scrubbers" and exhaust gas filters to reduce emissions.[101]


document_title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

question_text: what was the robot name in power rangers

root

text: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Season 1 (1993–94)[edit]

text: The series takes place in the fictional town of Angel Grove, California.[7] On an exploratory mission, two astronauts discover an extraterrestrial container (referred to as a dumpster as a result of its smell) and breach the unit, inadvertently releasing the evil alien sorceress Rita Repulsa from 10,000 years of confinement. Upon her release, she and her army of evil space aliens set their sights on conquering the nearest planet: Earth. The wise sage Zordon, who was responsible for capturing Rita (and also being enemies back on Zordon's homeworld, Eltar), later becomes aware of her release and orders his robotic assistant Alpha 5 to select five "teenagers with attitude" to defend the Earth from Rita's attacks. The five teens chosen are Jason Lee Scott, Kimberly Hart, Zack Taylor, Trini Kwan and Billy Cranston. Zordon gives them the ability to transform into a fighting force known as the Power Rangers; providing them with an arsenal of weapons at their disposal, as well as colossal assault machines called Zords, which can combine into a giant humanoid machine known as the Megazord.[8][9][10]

tag: p

text: The series begins with five teenagers combating Rita and her seemingly endless array of monsters, while also dealing with typical teenage problems and clashing with local bullies Bulk and Skull. However, consecutive failures lead Rita to adopt a new method for conquering Earth and destroying the Power Rangers: by attacking them with one of their own. Using her magic, Rita kidnaps and brainwashes a local teen whose fighting skills prove to equal that of Jason's in a martial-arts contest held in Angel Grove. The new teen, Tommy Oliver, passes Rita's tests, becoming the Green Power Ranger. Entrusted with Rita's Sword of Darkness, the source for the continuance of the evil spell he has fallen victim to, Tommy comes dangerously close to defeating the Power Rangers, especially when Rita causes a solar eclipse that temporarily drains the Megazord's power. However, the Green Ranger is ultimately defeated, and the Sword of Darkness is destroyed by Jason. Now free from Rita's spell, Tommy chooses to use his Green Ranger powers to assist the other Rangers in defeating the evil that gave them to him in the first place. His Zord, the Dragonzord, is reconfigured to enable it to help form more powerful Zord combinations alongside the other Dinozords.[11]

text: As time goes on, Rita focuses on eliminating Tommy in order to regain the powers that she believes belong to her. Using a special wax that was touched by Tommy when he was evil, Rita uses a magic Green Candle to slowly remove his powers, returning them to her. In the end, Tommy loses his powers, but he prevents Rita from reclaiming them by transferring them to Jason who, feeling guilt for failing to protect Tommy's powers, accepts them. However, Tommy later returns to the team when the other Rangers' Power Coins are handed over to Rita in exchange for their kidnapped parents. With Zordon's help, Tommy regains his powers and successfully retrieves the other Rangers' Power Coins. However, Tommy's regained powers are only temporary and must be frequently re-charged by Zordon, who warns that the Green Ranger's powers will ultimately fail. Despite this, Tommy remains determined to continue assisting the other Rangers as long as possible.[12][13]

text: Season 2 (1994–95)[edit]

text: Lord Zedd, Rita's superior, arrives at Rita's Moon Palace, where he takes her place and throws her into a space dumpster again. He then begins his own campaign to conquer Earth. In order for the Power Rangers to compete with Zedd's monsters, which are superior to the ones Finster made for Rita, Zordon and Alpha upgrade the Dinozords into the more powerful Thunderzords (which combine into the Thunder Megazord). However, Tommy is forced to retain use of the Dragonzord, due to his powers being too weak to support a new Zord.[14]

text: After several defeats, Zedd's attack on the Rangers progressively becomes more violent. He focuses his attention on eliminating Tommy, whom he sees as Rita's biggest mistake in giving him the Dragon Coin. The Green Ranger's powers were rapidly deteriorating, but Zedd's efforts had enhanced the process. He eventually does so with a special Green Crystal, using it to take away the Green Ranger's powers. The crystal also powers up Zedd's Dark Rangers, but when Tommy smashes it, the Dark Rangers powers are transferred back to the regular Rangers. Nevertheless, Zedd finally succeeds in taking the Green Ranger's powers (in which Rita Repulsa later uses to empower Tommy's clone to battle against the Rangers before reclaiming it once more). Following the loss of the Green Ranger's powers, Zordon and Alpha create, in secret, a new White Ranger to aid the other Rangers in battle. The White Ranger is revealed to be Tommy, who in addition receives a new Zord, the Tigerzord, and also becomes the new leader of the Power Rangers (replacing Jason).[15][16]

text: During the Team Ninja Trials in Angel Grove, the Rangers become friends with three teenagers from Stone Canyon: Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park and Aisha Campbell. During an ensuing battle with Zedd and a magical serpent, Rocky, Adam and Aisha discover the Rangers' identities and, having been entrusted with their secret by Zordon himself, the three newcomers become allies of the Rangers.[17]

text: Later on, Jason, Zack and Trini are selected to represent Angel Grove at the World Peace Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Rangers are faced with the task of finding replacements. In order to transfer the powers of the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, they must find the Sword of Light, which is located on the Deserted Planet. Zedd pursues them across the galaxy in Serpentera, his massive personal Zord, and destroys most of the Deserted Planet. Serpentera runs out of power before being able to finish the Rangers, and they return to Earth safely with the Sword of Light. Zordon then chooses Rocky, Adam and Aisha to replace Jason, Zack and Trini as the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, respectively.[18]

text: Sometime before the power transfer, Rita had returned to Earth when Tommy made his debut as the White Ranger, and fell into the hands of Bulk and Skull, but the Rangers sent her back into space. She later returns to the Moon while the Rangers are in Australia, and with the help of Finster, she gets a special "makeover" to gain a younger and "prettier" face. She then uses a love potion on Zedd, who is in a deep sleep during his centennial re-evilizer, and he falls in love with her when he wakes up. They get married and thus join forces to make an even more terrible threat for the Rangers, but not even this can prepare them for what is to come.[19]

text: Season 3 (1995)[edit]

text: Rito Revolto, Rita's skeletal brother, comes to Earth and, with the help of a group of monsters, destroys the Rangers' Thunderzords and the Tigerzord. As a result, the Dinozords are also destroyed and the Power Coins are damaged beyond repair. Undaunted, the Power Rangers seek the aid of Ninjor, alleged creator of the Power Coins, who gives them new Ninja Coins, providing them with the even more powerful Ninjazords (which combine into the Ninja Megazord) and the Falconzord.[20]

text: An Australian girl named Kat Hillard moves to Angel Grove. She befriends Kimberly, and displays an intense affection for Tommy. Later it is found that Rita had captured Kat and put her under a powerful spell, giving her the ability to transform into a normal cat as well as a cat-like monster. Under this spell, she steals Kimberly's Ninja Coin, vastly weakening and nearly killing the Pink Ranger, whose life force, like that of the other Ninja Rangers, is connected to her Ninja Coin. It is during this time that the Rangers acquire their most powerful Zords ever: the Shogunzords (which combine into the Shogun Megazord). Eventually, Kat overcomes Rita's evil spell and returns Kimberly's Ninja Coin to her. A short time thereafter, Kimberly gets a chance to pursue her personal athletic dreams. With Zordon's blessing, she leaves to train for the Pan Global Games, choosing Kat to replace her as the Pink Ranger. Though her initial fear and hesitation keeps her from contributing fully to the fight against evil, Kat eventually becomes both comfortable and capable of fulfilling her duty as a Ranger.[21][22][23]

text: After several more battles, Zedd and Rita are joined by Rita's father, Master Vile. Following his failed attempts to defeat the Rangers, he reverses time, turning the Rangers into powerless children. These events culminate in the mini-series Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers.

text: Characters[edit]

text: The Power Rangers[edit]

text:
Jason Lee Scott
The original Red Ranger (as well as the team's original leader); portrayed by Austin St. John.
Trini Kwan
The original Yellow Ranger; portrayed by Thuy Trang.
Zachary "Zack" Taylor
The original Black Ranger (as well as the original team's second-in-command); portrayed by Walter Emanuel Jones.
Kimberly Ann Hart
The original Pink Ranger and the first Pink Ninja Ranger; portrayed by Amy Jo Johnson.
William "Billy" Cranston
The original Blue Ranger and the Blue Ninja Ranger (as well as the second team's second-in-command), who also becomes the longest-lasting member of the original team; portrayed by David Yost.
Thomas "Tommy" Oliver
The original Green Ranger and later the White Ranger and the White Ninja Ranger (as well as the team's second leader); portrayed by Jason David Frank.
Adam Park
The second Black Ranger and the Black Ninja Ranger; portrayed by Johnny Yong Bosch.
Aisha Campbell
The second Yellow Ranger and the Yellow Ninja Ranger; portrayed by Karan Ashley.
Rocky DeSantos
The second Red Ranger and the Red Ninja Ranger; portrayed by Steve Cardenas.
Katherine "Kat" Hillard
The second Pink Ranger and the second Pink Ninja Ranger; portrayed by Catherine Sutherland.

tag: ul

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Zordon
An inter-dimensional being trapped in a time warp, he is the wise mentor of the Rangers, who also bestowed their powers. 10,000 years ago, Zordon led the fight against the forces of evil, specifically Rita. Finally, he was able to imprison the evil witch and her minions in a dumpster on the moon. He once had a corporeal human form, but now appears as a floating head in an energy tube. Initially voiced and portrayed by David Fielding, and later voiced by Robert L. Manahan.
Alpha 5
A multi-functional semi-sentient automaton from Edinoi, Alpha was Zordon's trusted robotic assistant, responsible for the daily operations and upkeep of the Command Center. Portrayed by Sandi Sellne; voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz.
Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier and Eugene "Skull" Skullovitch
Two bullies at Angel Grove High School. Bulk, the leader of the duo, was prone to dragging Skull into wacky schemes, which usually failed miserably and ended in humiliation or injury. In the second season, the two decide to discover the identities of the Power Rangers after they were saved by the Rangers in "The Mutiny". In the third season, they enroll in the Junior Police Force in order to impress girls. Thanks to the efforts of their superior officer, Lt. Stone, the duo become good-natured goofs. Portrayed by Paul Schrier (Bulk) and Jason Narvy (Skull).
Ernie
The owner and proprietor of the Youth Center, he could often be seen behind the counter of the Juice Bar, and would sometimes dispense advice to the teens. Portrayed by Richard Genelle.
Mr. Caplan
The very stern and quite abusive principal of Angel Grove High School, who often encouraged his students in their extracurricular activities. He wore a toupée to cover his bald head, which serves as a common running gag during seasons 1 and 2. Portrayed by Henry Cannon (uncredited).[24]
Ms. Appleby
A teacher at Angel Grove High School. Portrayed by Royce Herron (uncredited).[25]
Angela
The girl of Zack's affections, he was constantly attempting to impress and go out on a date with her, much to her annoyance. She would often demean Zack for his attempts. She later disappeared in Season 2. Portrayed by Renee Griggs..
Jerome Stone
A Police Lieutenant with the Angel Grove Police Department. Portrayed by Gregg Bullock.
Prince Dex/Masked Rider
A warrior from Alpha's home planet of Edenoi who leads a resistance movement against its ruthless dictator Count Dregon, an acquaintance and rival of Lord Zedd. Portrayed by T.J. Roberts.
Ninjor
The creator of the original 5 Power Coins and Dinozords that were used by the original 5 Power Rangers, even though it was Zordon who distributed them. Portrayed by Hideaki Kusaka and voiced by Kurt Strauss.
Alpha 4
A fictional robot and the predecessor to Alpha 5, and has exactly the same voice (performed by Richard Steven Horvitz) and body design, with the exception that the yellow lights on his chestplate on either side of the lightning bolt were slightly farther apart.
Wild West Rangers
The Old West ancestors of Rocky, Adam, Aisha and Billy, and temporarily obtain Ranger Powers when Kimberly is transported to their time. As Rangers, the Wild West Rangers have outfits identical to those of their descendants, except for the addition of cowboy attire.

text: Antagonists[edit]

text:
Rita Repulsa
Portrayed by Machiko Soga in Season 1, and Carla Perez onwards; voiced by Barbara Goodson.
Lord Zedd
Portrayed by Ed Neil (uncredited) and voiced by Robert Axelrod.
Goldar
Portrayed by Takashi Sakamoto, Kazutoshi Yokoyama and Danny Wayne Stallcup (former two uncredited) and voiced by Kerrigan Mahan.
Rito Revolto
Portrayed by Kenichi Endō and Danny Wayne Stallcup, and voiced by Bob Papenbrook.
Scorpina
Portrayed by Ami Kawai in Season 1, and Sabrina Lu in Season 2 (1 episode only); voiced by Wendee Lee
Finster
Rita's chief monster maker in the first season. Portrayed by Takako Iiboshi (uncredited) and voiced by Robert Axelrod.
Squatt
One of Rita's henchman. A short, fat, blue creature Bulk. Usually blamed for Rita or Zedd's failures. Portrayed by Minoru Watanabe (uncredited) and voiced by Michael Sorich.
Baboo
One of Rita's henchman. A tall, bat-like creature who wears a monacle that resembles Skull. Usually chastises Squatt when Rita's plans fail and too is often blamed. Portrayed by Hideaki Kusaka (uncredited) and voiced by Dave Mallow.
Master Vile
Portrayed by Hidekatsu Shibata and voiced by Tom Wyner (both uncredited).
Lokar
Portrayed by Masahiko Urano (uncredited) and voiced by Robert Axelrod.
Hydro Hog
Voiced by Brad Orchard (uncredited).
Putty Patrollers
Warriors made of clay who act as Rita Repulsa's foot soldiers, the Putties are often sent to wear the Rangers down before a monster battle, as well as for sabotage and other special missions. In Season 2, Lord Zedd upgrades the Putty design, completely replacing Rita's original design. Zedd's Putties are superior to the original Putties and are more expendable. However, Zedd's Putties also have a big weakness—striking the Z-logo on their chests causes these Putties to explode into pieces.
Tenga Warriors
Crow-like soldiers that are able to speak, they are introduced in Season 3 when Rito Revolto takes them with him to the Moon as a wedding gift, and replace Zedd's Putties in attacking the Power Rangers. The Rangers normally use their Ninja Ranger powers to fight them. Unlike the Putties, the Tenga Warriors are not expendable and they return to the Moon when defeated. The Tengas originated in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (going by the name "Tengu Warriors") under the command of Ivan Ooze. The name changed between the movie and television show was because of copyright complications with the movie's producer 20th Century Fox.[citation needed]

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: While on a business trip to Japan, Haim Saban came across a broadcast of Choudenshi Bioman, later learning of a popular French-language dub aired on Canal+.[26] Based on the franchise's popularity both in and outside of its native country, Saban realized there was potential for an American adaption. He and his business partner Shuki Levy quickly produced a pilot entitled Bio-Man in August 1986,[27] which featured an early appearance by actor and martial artist Mark Dacascos in a leading role.[28] According to Levy, they "shopped it around for at least five years, but nobody wanted it." Levy and Saban later re-edited the pilot using footage from the then-contemporary Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger, entitling the pitch Galaxy Rangers.[29] Eventually, the pilot was picked up by Fox Kids decided to pick it up with a 40 episode order, after which point it would be determined by the network whether or not to renew the series for additional episodes.[30]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Due to the action-oriented nature of the show, many of the lead actors cast had background in either martial arts, dance, or other physically-intensive activities. Amy Jo Johnson (Kim) and David Yost (Billy) were former competitive gymnasts,[31][32][33] Austin St. John (Jason) held a second-degree black belt in Taekwondo,[34] and a first-degree black belt in Judo.[35] Walter Emanuel Jones (Zack) was a dancer, and Thuy Trang (Trini) was a kung fu practitioner.[36] Actor Jason Narvy (Skull) originally auditioned for the role of Billy.[37]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The series was shot on location in Santa Clarita and Los Angeles, California.[38] Recurring locations included Grant High School, Placerita Canyon State Park, Puddingstone Reservoir, and Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park. The House of the Book at Brandeis-Bardin Institute was used the exterior location for the Command Center.[39] Due to its unusual, futuristic architecture; the building had previously been used in the films Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country and The Lawnmower Man.[40]

text: As part of the initial licensing agreement between Saban and Toei Company, the producers of the Super Sentai, additional footage and insert shots of the villain characters (particularly those played by Machiko Soga, Ami Kawai, and Hideaki Kusaka)[41] were filmed in order to allow more in-depth, extensive scenes of the villains who would be unable to interact with the main cast due to the nature of the show.[42] The additional footage included close-ups of the actor speaking English-language lines phonetically in order to more make the necessary dialogue looping more seamless.[42]

text: Episodes 39-40 (Doomsday Part 1-2) were originally intended as the season (and potentially series) finale, with the producers' intending to bring in actress Machiko Soga to reprise her role as Rita in new footage where she would interact directly with the main cast.[43][44] Due to the unprecedented success of the show and its merchandising, Fox Kids ordered an additional 25 episodes. Since all available stock footage from Zyuranger had been depleted for use in the first 40 episodes of season one, Saban commissioned Toei to produce 25 new monster costumes and new battle footage using the existing Zyuranger suits. Saban was able to produce 25 additional episodes using new monster suits. This new footage has been referred to as "Zyu2" by Power Rangers fans. Saban used the first 15 in the rest of season 1 then the remaining suits and footage for the first 13 episodes of season two.[45]

text: Following production of the first 20 episodes of season two, Austin St. John, Thuy Trang and Walter Emanuel Jones left the show over contract disputes.[46] To disguise this incident, a combination of body doubles, voice doubles and stock footage were used to continue featuring the characters Jason, Trini and Zack for eight episodes. The subplot of those three Rangers leaving Angel Grove for the World Peace Conference was made to bridge the transition to their replacements (Rocky, Aisha and Adam). While the reasons for their departure was debated for many years, in 2014, Austin St. John would confirm that the departure was due to the low salaries the stars were being paid; St. John stated "I could have worked the window at McDonalds and probably made the same money the first season. It was disappointing, it was frustrating, it made a lot of us angry."[46] In a 2012 interview with Amy Jo Johnson, she stated St. John, Trang and Jones wanted to become part of a union; this led to them being replaced.[47]

text: After the casting of Steve Cardenas, Karan Ashley and Johnny Yong Bosch, the production moved to Sydney, Australia for roughly four months to shoot Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie, which was released the following summer before the start of season three.

text: Reception and controversy[edit]

text: Despite the success of the series, it was also subject to much controversy from parents who felt the show was too violent for young children. The show had aired before television stations issued content warnings such as parental guidance or fit for viewing persons twelve years or over, the V-chip, and television ratings. In the US, numerous complaints were sent to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In 1993, the Canadian broadcast rights to Mighty Morphin Power Rangers were jointly purchased by the YTV cable channel, and the series played to a receptive audience every weekday afternoons on YTV, the latter trailing the American broadcast by several months. However, due to complaints sent to the recently formed Canadian Broadcast Standards Council and a negative assessment from that body over the show's violent content,[48] YTV removed the series from their line-up.[49][50] Despite not actually being a member of the CBSC, YTV complied and pulled the series before the end of its first season; Global (which was a CBSC member) ultimately did the same. While a phone-in poll was conducted to see if viewers wanted MMPR back on YTV, no further installments of the Power Rangers franchise aired on the network until 2011's Power Rangers Samurai, although commercials for toys and videos were still advertised on it.[51] Later Disney-era versions of the series were broadcast on Family.

text: Early on in the series, some fans and critics noted that some racial overtones could be construed in the colors of several of the Rangers in the first few seasons being based on the actors' skin color or ethnicity. Austin St. John, who is of partial Native American ancestry, was cast as the Red Ranger, and Walter Emanuel Jones (an African American) and Thuy Trang (whose family was of Vietnamese ancestry) were the Black and Yellow Rangers respectively. Years later, when brought up on VH1's I Love the '90s, Jones and Amy Jo Johnson (as well as other celebrity commentators) made fun of how the original line-up had Jones' role as the Black Ranger and Trang's role as the Yellow Ranger because the actors and characters were of African and Asian descent, respectively.

text: In Malaysia, the phrase "Mighty Morphin" was censored and removed from the logo due to the word "morphin" being too similar to the drug Morphine.[citation needed]

text: In mid-October 1994, the murder of a young Norwegian girl by two of her young friends prompted Swedish-owned TV3 to pull MMPR from its broadcast schedule in all of its market countries. However, MMPR was not related to the event. Instead, the young children responsible were fans of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon.[52]

text: In 1994, the New Zealand Broadcasting Standards Authority (BSA) upheld several complaints from members of the public about the level of violence in the show. The main concern of those complainants was that the show portrayed violence as the primary means of resolving conflict, and that this was influencing children to behave more violently more frequently. Immediately following the BSA decision, the second season of the show was all but cancelled by Television New Zealand.[50] New Zealand is the only country in the world where this show has been prematurely withdrawn from public broadcast to date.[53] DVD and video releases of the more-recent Power Rangers series that were filmed in New Zealand can be found at The Warehouse, although general sales through video stores and other retailers are scarce. Later series in the Power Rangers franchise, such as Power Rangers: Mystic Force and Power Rangers: Jungle Fury, were filmed in New Zealand, but the programs were still not shown in the country, until 2011, when Samurai premiered.[citation needed]

text: In a 2010 interview with fan blog "No Pink Spandex", David Yost revealed that he had left the show in the subsequent Power Rangers Zeo production due to homophobic reactions to his sexuality, citing that he walked off set one day because "[he] was called 'faggot' one too many times." He also stated that the producers would often ask other cast members what they thought about his homosexuality, and this made him uncomfortable as well.[54][55] Shortly after this interview, producer Scott Page-Pagter stated that Yost left over a pay dispute and that the allegations of homophobia are false; he added that Yost did not get along with any of the crew.[56] In the Power Rangers Zeo episode where Yost's character appeared for the last time, "Rangers of Two Worlds", footage from previous episodes was used as well as vocal work from a separate, uncredited actor, to conceal the fact that Yost was not present during filming. A tribute to the Blue Ranger and Billy was seen in the closing credits of this last Billy episode.

text: The shows' low salaries and non-union status was subject of much debate between many within the industry, and caused an uproar with many working on the show. The show would make headlines when it lost three of its main actors midway through season two. Austin St. John, Walter E. Jones, and Thuy Trang would leave the show after being denied higher salaries and for the show to become union. Karan Ashley, who was cast as the Yellow Ranger shortly afterward revealed that although her, Steve Cardenas, and Johnny Yong Bosch were cast as Power Rangers, they were paid less until they were revealed as Rangers on the show.[citation needed]

text: Voice actress, Barbara Goodson, who voiced Rita Repulsa, revealed that when the show finally became union, she had to argue to keep her salary from being lowered. She had three episodes left on her contract and they wanted to drop her down to $300 an episode. She would also reveal that Saban Entertainment lacked respect for the cast and crew. They were presented their own Power Rangers jackets for being on the show, but were asked to pay for them.[citation needed]

text: Composer Ron Wasserman, who scored all three seasons of MMPR, was controversially given different alias' during the course of the series and did not receive any credit for his work. Haim Saban and Shuki Levy requested this as they wanted to receive royalties for Wasserman's work, which disallowed Wasserman to receive anything other than his base salary. Wasserman would leave the series after composing the score for the third season. He would later state that his reason was due to Saban's refusal of him to score the music for Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie. He stated that 20th Century Fox had wanted him to do the score, but Saban rejected the offer for him.[citation needed]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

1995
22nd Daytime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Single Camera Photography
Ilan Rosenberg
Nominated

tag: table

text: Home media[edit]

text: Between 1994 and 1996, Saban Home Entertainment and WarnerVision Entertainment released VHS tapes of the series in the U.S. In 2000, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released seven compilation VHS tapes. In 2012, Shout! Factory released 19 disc to Comic-Con International and a 20 disc set exclusively to Time Life of all three seasons and Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers. In that same year, Shout! reissued the 19 disc to wider retail. They also released two volumes for both season one and season two of the series, as well as the complete third season. In January 2014, the entire series, as well as the remaining 17 seasons in the entire Power Rangers franchise, was released in 98 disc set. The series has also been released on VHS in the UK and Australia, and Region 2 DVD. The first 30 episodes of season one have been released to Region 4 DVD.

text: Video games[edit]

text: The following video games have been developed based on the television series.

text:
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy) (1994)
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Sega Genesis, Game Gear) (1994)
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Sega CD) (1994)
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (SNES, Genesis, Game Boy, Game Gear) (1995)
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Fighting Edition (SNES) (1995)
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle (PlayStation 4, Xbox One) (2017)[57]
Power Rangers: Legacy Wars (2017)

text: Comic books[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Several comic book series were based on Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. From 1994 to 1995, Hamilton Comics produced three separate series totaling thirteen issues altogether. Marvel Comics produced two series, the first with seven issues based on the second season and the second with five issues called Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Ninja Rangers/VR Troopers which was a flip book with adventures based on the third season on one side and of VR Troopers on the other. The Power Rangers also appeared in the Masked Rider comic book from Marvel. In March 2016, BOOM! comics released a new Mighty Morphin Power Rangers comic series based off the original series but serves as a reboot taking place in the modern world.[58][59][60][61] In July 2017, a second series called Go Go Power Rangers was released and takes place before Tommy Oliver joined the team.

text: Films[edit]

text:
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (1995)
Power Rangers (2017)


document_title: Rise of the Planet of the Apes

question_text: who plays caesar in rise of the planet of the apes 2014

text: Rise of the Planet of the Apes

text: Plot[edit]

text: Will Rodman, a scientist at the San Francisco biotech company Gen-Sys, is testing the viral-based drug ALZ-112 on chimpanzees to find a cure for Alzheimer's disease. ALZ-112 is given to a chimp named Bright Eyes, greatly increasing her intelligence. But then, during Will's presentation for the drug, Bright Eyes is forced from her cage, goes on a rampage, and is shot to death. Will's boss Steven Jacobs terminates the project and has the chimps slaughtered. However, Will's assistant Robert Franklin discovers that the reason for Bright Eyes' rampage was that she had recently given birth to an infant chimp. Will reluctantly agrees to take in the chimp, who is named Caesar. Will learns that Caesar has inherited his mother's intelligence and decides to raise him. Three years later, Will introduces Caesar to the redwood forest at Muir Woods National Monument. Meanwhile, Will treats his dementia-suffering father Charles with ALZ-112, which seems to restore his cognitive ability.

text: Five years later, when Caesar reaches adolescence and sees a dog on a leash like his own, he questions his identity and learns of his origins from Will. Meanwhile, Charles's condition returns as he becomes resistant to ALZ-112. Caesar injures a neighbor, Douglas Hunsiker, while defending a confused Charles. As a result, he is placed in a primate shelter where he is tormented by a chimp named Rocket and the chief guard, Dodge Landon, but also where he befriends an orangutan named Maurice who came from a circus. Caesar learns how to unlock his cage, gaining free access to the common area. With the assistance of a gorilla named Buck, he confronts the sanctuary's alpha, Rocket and claims that position. Meanwhile, Jacobs clears development of a more powerful, gaseous version of the drug – ALZ-113 – when Will tells him it can also improve intelligence. Will takes the drug home to try to save his father, but Charles declines further treatment and dies overnight.

text: After attempting to test the drug on a scarred bonobo test subject named Koba, Franklin becomes exposed to ALZ-113 and becomes ill. Attempting to warn Will at his home, he sneezes blood onto Hunsiker and is later discovered dead. Will attempts to reclaim Caesar, but the chimp refuses to go home with him so he could look after the other apes. Instead, he escapes from the facility and returns to Will's house, where he takes canisters of the ALZ-113. Upon returning, Caesar releases the gas and allows it to enhance the intelligence of the other apes. When Dodge attempts to get him back into his cage, Caesar speaks for the first time, yelling "No!" and gets in a fight which inadvertently leads to Dodge's death. The apes flee the facility, release the remaining chimps from Gen-Sys, and free more apes from the San Francisco Zoo on the way.

text: A battle ensues as the ape army fights their way past a police blockade on the Golden Gate Bridge to escape into the redwood forest. Buck sacrifices himself to save Caesar by jumping into the helicopter in which Jacobs is riding. The helicopter crashes onto the bridge, trapping Jacobs in the wreckage. Koba seizes his chance for revenge and sends Jacobs falling to his death in the bay below.

text: As the apes find their way into the forest, Will arrives and warns Caesar that the humans will hunt them down, and begs him to return home. In response, Caesar hugs him and says that, "Caesar is home." Will, realizing that this is indeed their last goodbye, respects Caesar's wishes. The apes embrace their new lifestyle in the forest.

text: In a mid-credits scene, an infected Hunsiker leaves his house for work as an airline pilot, arriving at San Francisco International Airport for his flight to Paris. His nose begins to drip blood onto the floor. A graphic traces the spread of the humanity-ravaging virus around the globe via international flight routes.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Humans[edit]

text:
James Franco as Dr. William "Will" Rodman, a biologist who is trying to discover a cure for his father's Alzheimer's disease by testing ALZ-112 on chimps. He is a father figure to Caesar. James Franco was cast after talks with Tobey Maguire broke down.[7][8]
Freida Pinto as Caroline Aranha, a primatologist who starts a relationship with Will and grows attached to Caesar.
John Lithgow as Charles Rodman, Will's Alzheimer's-afflicted father and a former music teacher who improves after Will gives him the ALZ-112 and forms a grandfatherly bond with Caesar.
Brian Cox as John Landon, manager of the San Bruno Primate Shelter where Caesar is confined for a time. His full name is a reference to one of the astronauts in the original Planet of the Apes.
Tom Felton as Dodge Landon, John's son and an animal caretaker at the shelter, who abuses the apes for sport. His first and last name are references to two of the astronauts in the original Planet of the Apes.
David Oyelowo as Steven Jacobs, Will's arrogant boss. His last name is a reference to Arthur P. Jacobs, the producer of the original Planet of the Apes series.
Tyler Labine as Robert Franklin, a chimp handler at Gen-Sys and one of Will's friends. His surname is a reference to Franklin Schaffner, the director of the original film.
Jamie Harris as Rodney, a caretaker and a nightwatchman who is much kinder to the apes at the sanctuary and is regularly mocked by Dodge for this.
David Hewlett as Douglas Hunsiker, Will's hot-headed neighbor.
Chelah Horsdal as Irena, a nurse who is looking after Charles.

text: Apes[edit]

text:
Andy Serkis as Caesar, a common chimpanzee whose intelligence is increased from inheriting ALZ-112 from his mother during her pregnancy, and who is raised by Will for eight years.
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a wise and benevolent Bornean orangutan who was retired from the circus and knows sign language; he becomes Caesar's closest ally. Konoval also cameos as the court clerk whom Will briefly argues with about his appeal. His name is a reference to Maurice Evans who portray Dr. Zaius in the original Planet of the Apes.[citation needed]
Terry Notary as Rocket, the dominant common chimpanzee at the ape sanctuary, until Caesar overthrows him. Notary also plays Bright Eyes, Caesar's mother who was captured in Africa.
Richard Ridings as Buck, a Western lowland gorilla who pledges his allegiance to Caesar after he is freed by him.
Devyn Dalton as Cornelia, a female common chimpanzee in the ape sanctuary.
Jay Caputo as Alpha, the dominant male common chimpanzee of Bright Eyes' troop and Caesar's father.
Christopher Gordon as Koba, a scarred and aggressive bonobo who has spent most of his life in laboratories and holds a grudge against humans.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and writing[edit]

text: In 2006, screenwriter-producer Rick Jaffa was searching for a script idea. As Jaffa searched a newspaper articles clipping, one about pet chimpanzees that become troublesome to their owners and heartbroken for not adapting well to the human environment intrigued him. As Jaffa eventually realized it fit the Planet of the Apes series, he called his wife and screenwriting partner Amanda Silver to express his ideas of such a chimpanzee eventually starting the ape revolution, and then the couple started developing the character of Caesar. Jaffa indicated that "it's a reinvention" and if he had to pick between calling it a prequel or a reboot he would say it is a reboot: "It's a different story of who Caesar is, and how he came to be. So it's really kind of hard to put a label on it. We are hopefully rebooting it." He went on to say that "we tried really hard to create a story that would stand on its own and yet also pay homage and honor the movies that came before us."[9] Jaffa and Silver then wrote a script and sold it to Fox, producers of the Apes franchise. The script added other elements which the couple had researched, such as genetic engineering.[10] Several tributes to specific scenes, characters, and cast and crew from the previous Apes film series were added in the script. In particular, Caesar's treatment at the primate sanctuary parallels Taylor's treatment as a captive in the original film.[11][12]

text: In a segment of a video blog post, director Rupert Wyatt commented on the originality of the plot: "This is part of the mythology and it should be seen as that. It's not a continuation of the other films; it's an original story. It does satisfy the people who enjoy those films. The point of this film is to achieve that and to bring that fan base into this film exactly like Batman Begins."[6] In a 2009 interview, Wyatt said, "We've incorporated elements from Conquest of the Planet of the Apes, in terms of how the apes begin to revolt, but this is primarily a prequel to the 1968 film...Caesar is a revolutionary figure who will be talked about by his fellow apes for centuries...This is just the first step in the evolution of the apes, and there's a lot more stories to tell after this. I imagine the next film will be about the all-out war between the apes and humans."[13] Mark Bomback did an uncredited rewrite of the script.[14]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began in July 2010 in Vancouver, British Columbia.[15] Filming also happened in San Francisco, California (the primary setting of the film),[15] and around Oahu, Hawaii, which doubled for the African jungle as the schedule and budget did not allow for location shooting in Africa.[16]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: As the apes in Rise were meant to be actual apes, the producers decided not to use actors in ape suits. After considering real apes, instead Weta Digital created the apes digitally in almost every case through performance capture.[17] Advances in the technology allowed the use of performance capture in an exterior environment, affording the film-makers the freedom to shoot much of the film on location with other actors, as opposed to the confines of a soundstage.[18][19] The main breakthrough was a camera that enabled viewing the motion capture dots in daylight, employed mostly for the Golden Gate Bridge battle. A maximum of six actors could have their movements captured, with larger ape crowds using fully digital animals animated using Weta's move library. The Golden Gate Bridge set used both a physical set which was extended digitally, and a fully computer-generated model of the bridge that also included the ocean and nearby hills.[20]

text: After shooting the actors playing humans interacting with others wearing the motion capture suits, a clean plate was shot with actors for extra reference. Actor-stuntman Terry Notary guided the actors on realistic ape movement, while Weta studied the chimps in the Wellington Zoo for reference. The digital apes also received detailed models with skeletons, muscles and nerve tissue layers for accurate animation. Cast models of apes' heads and limbs helped the texture department replicate skin details such as wrinkles and pores. Given the difference between human and chimpanzee facial muscles, the animators tweaked the performance through a new facial muscle system adding dynamics, ballistics, and secondary motion. As the silent performance required expressive eyes, a new eye model was made to depict both greater accuracy in muscle movement in and around the eyes, and also tears, pupil dilation, and light refraction.[17][21] While Andy Serkis was the primary performer for Caesar, as the effects team considered that at times "Andy overcame the character," other motion capture team actors were also used, especially Devyn Dalton, whose height matched that of a chimpanzee. Along with that, they used Notary to play Caesar in stunt-filled scenes such as the Golden Gate Bridge scene.[22]

text: Music[edit]

text: The score for the film was written by Patrick Doyle and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony conducted by James Shearman.[23] The main concern was to have the music help progress the plot in the scenes without dialogue, for instance, conveying the emotions of Caesar's relationships with Will and Charles. To turn the score into a "driving force that keeps audiences paying attention," Doyle employed an African-American chorus and focused on percussion and "low and deep" orchestra sounds. Doyle collaborated closely with the sound department to make the music complement the sound effects, including writing a recurring theme based on their recording of a chimpanzee.[24]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 81% based on 252 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Led by Rupert Wyatt's stylish direction, some impressive special effects, and a mesmerizing performance by Andy Serkis, Rise of the Planet of the Apes breathes unlikely new life into a long-running franchise."[25] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, gave the film a score of 68 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[26]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and praised the role of Caesar and Andy Serkis by stating it was a "wonderfully executed character" and "one never knows exactly where the human ends and the effects begin, but Serkis and/or Caesar gives the best performance in the movie."[27] Giving the film 5 out of 5 stars, Joe Neumaier of Daily News labelled Rise of the Planet of the Apes as the summer's best popcorn flick.[28] Nick Pinkerton of The Village Voice wrote, "Caesar's prison conversion to charismatic pan-ape revolutionist is near-silent filmmaking, with simple and precise images illustrating Caesar's General-like divining of personalities and his organization of a group from chaos to order."[29] Roger Moore of Orlando Sentinel wrote, "Audacious, violent and disquieting, "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" is a summer sequel that's better than it has any right to be." He gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars.[30] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times praised the film by saying, "Precisely the kind of summer diversion that the studios have such a hard time making now. It's good, canny-dumb fun." She also gave it 3.5 out of 4 stars.[31]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone noted that the film has mixed "twists lifted from 1972's Conquest of the Planet of the Apes and 1999's Deep Blue Sea".[32]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Rise of the Planet of the Apes made its debut in the United States and Canada on roughly 5,400 screens within 3,648 theaters.[33] It grossed $19,534,699 on opening day and $54,806,191 in its entire opening weekend, making it #1 for that weekend as well as the fourth-highest-grossing August opening ever.[34] The film held on to the #1 spot in its second weekend, dropping 49.2%, and grossing $27,832,307.[35] Rise of the Planet of the Apes crossed the $150 million mark in the United States and Canada on its 26th day of release. Entertainment Weekly said that this was quite an accomplishment for the film since the month of August is a difficult time for films to make money.[36]

text: The film ended its run at the box office on December 15, 2011, with a gross of $176,760,185 in the U.S. and Canada as well as $305,040,864 internationally, for a total of $481,801,049 worldwide.[1]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Rise of the Planet of the Apes was released on Blu-ray Disc, DVD, and Digital Copy on December 13, 2011.[37]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

84th Academy Awards
Best Visual Effects
Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, R. Christopher White and Daniel Barrett
Nominated

Alliance of Women Film Journalists[38]
Best Supporting Actor
Andy Serkis
Nominated

Annie Awards[39]
Character Animation in a Live Action Production
Eric Reynolds
Won

Broadcast Film Critics Association[40]
Best Supporting Actor
Andy Serkis
Nominated

Best Visual Effects
Won

Best Action Film
Nominated

Empire Awards[41]
Best Film
Nominated

Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Nominated

Best Director
Rupert Wyatt
Nominated

Best Actor
Andy Serkis
Nominated

Genesis Awards
Best Feature Film
Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver
Won

Houston Film Critics Society[42]
Best Supporting Actor
Andy Serkis
Nominated

Technical Achievement
Won

IGN Best of 2011[43]
Best Movie
Nominated

Best Sci-Fi Movie
Won

Best Movie Actor
Andy Serkis (also for The Adventures of Tintin)
Nominated

Best Movie Director
Rupert Wyatt
Nominated

IGN Summer Movie Awards[44]

Best Summer Movie
Nominated

Funniest Line
"Why cookie Rocket?"
Nominated

Best All-Out Brawl
Apes vs. Humans on the Golden Gate Bridge
Nominated

Favorite Kill
Helicopter Pushed Over the Golden Gate Bridge
Nominated

Coolest Creature
Caesar
Won

Favorite Hero
Caesar – Andy Serkis
Won

Las Vegas Film Critics Society[45]
Best Visual Effects
Won

London Film Critics Circle
Technical Achievement
Joe Letteri
Nominated

Phoenix Film Critics Society
Best Visual Effects
Nominated

San Diego Film Critics Society[46]
Best Supporting Actor
Andy Serkis
Nominated

Satellite Awards[47]
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Andy Serkis
Nominated

Best Visual Effects
Jeff Capogreco, Joe Letteri, R. Christopher White
Nominated

Saturn Awards[48]
Best Science Fiction Film
Won

Best Supporting Actor
Andy Serkis
Won

Best Director
Rupert Wyatt
Nominated

Best Writing
Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver
Nominated

Best Special Effects
Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, R. Christopher White, and Daniel Barrett
Won

Visual Effects Society[49]
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects-Driven Feature Motion Picture
Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, Cyndi Ochs, Kurt Williams
Won

Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture
Caesar – Daniel Barrett, Florian Fernandez, Matthew Muntean, Eric Reynolds
Won

Outstanding Virtual Cinematography in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture
Thelvin Cabezas, Mike Perry, R. Christopher White, Erik Winquist
Nominated

Outstanding Compositing in a Feature Motion Picture
Jean-Luc Azzis, Quentin Hema, Simon Jung, Christoph Salzmann
Nominated

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association[50]
Best Supporting Actor
Andy Serkis
Nominated

text: Sequels[edit]

text: Regarding the story setting up possible sequels, director Rupert Wyatt commented: "I think we're ending with certain questions, which is quite exciting. To me, I can think of all sorts of sequels to this film, but this is just the beginning."[51] Screenwriter and producer Rick Jaffa also stated that Rise of the Planet of the Apes would feature several clues as to future sequels: "I hope that we're building a platform for future films. We're trying to plant a lot of the seeds for a lot of the things you are talking about in terms of the different apes and so forth."[6]

text: On May 31, 2012, 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel would be named Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[52] Reports said that Wyatt was leaving the sequel due to his concern that a May 2014 release date would not give him enough time to properly make the film;[53] he was replaced by Cloverfield director Matt Reeves.[54] Jaffa and Silver returned as producers and to pen the screenplay, with rewrites from Scott Z. Burns[55] and Mark Bomback.[14]

text: Taking place ten years after Rise, Dawn follows Caesar's growing nation of evolved apes threatened by human survivors that put both sides in the brink of war.[citation needed] Andy Serkis, Terry Notary and Karin Konoval reprised their roles as Caesar, Rocket and Maurice.[56] James Franco returned as Will Rodman in a "cameo via video".[57] Judy Greer and Toby Kebbell replace Devyn Dalton and Christopher Gordon as Cornelia and Koba, respectively.[citation needed] Filming of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes started on North Vancouver Island in April 2013.[58] The film was released July 11, 2014.

text: On January 6, 2014, 20th Century Fox announced a third installment with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, with a planned July 2016 release.[59][60] In January 2015, Fox delayed the release to July 14, 2017.[61][62] On May 14, 2015, the title was given as War of the Planet of the Apes,[63] later re-titled to War for the Planet of the Apes.


document_title: Big Mouth (TV series)

question_text: who plays the hormone monster in big mouths

text: Big Mouth (TV series)

text: Summary[edit]

text: The series follows 7th grade best friends Nick Birch and Andrew Glouberman as they navigate their way through puberty, masturbation, and sexual arousal. Acting as sex-based shoulder angels are the hormone monsters; Maurice (who pesters Andrew and occasionally Nick and Jay, and strongly resembles Pan), and Connie (who pesters Jessi and occasionally Missy). Throughout the series, the kids interact with people and objects who are personified in one way or another and offer helpful, albeit confusing, advice in their puberty-filled lives including the ghost of Duke Ellington, a French accented Statue of Liberty, a pillow capable of getting pregnant, and even Jessi's own vagina.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Nick Kroll as:

Nick Birch, an almost-adolescent boy living with loving and overprotective parents. He also has an older brother named Judd and an older sister named Leah.
Maurice the Hormone Monster, a wild thing-type monster who follows Andrew around and is responsible for his brooding sexual desires, which frequently occur at inappropriate moments.
Coach Steve, the middle school gym class teacher, who is incompetent and overly talkative, often trying to get his colleagues—or even the students—to hang out (often to no avail). It is heavily implied that the coach may be mentally disabled.
Kroll also voices Lola, Lady Liberty, a ladybug, Joe Walsh, the ghosts of Picasso and Richard Burton, and Sylvester Stallone.

John Mulaney as Andrew Glouberman, a young Jewish boy, who spends much of his time furtively masturbating.

Mulaney also voices Mint, Grandpa Andrew, Babe the Blue Ox, and a detective.

Jessi Klein as Jessi Glaser, a sarcastic and smart girl. Her father, named Greg, is an unemployed stoner and her mother, named Shannon, is secretly dating another woman. She gets her period for the first time on a school trip to the Statue of Liberty.
Jason Mantzoukas as Jay Bilzerian, a boy who is obsessed with magic and sex. He has sex with a pillow that he made into a sex toy. His mom is mentally ill, his dad is a divorce lawyer, and his two older brothers are named Kurt and Val. He is obsessed with Nick's mother and father and wishes for a loving family.

Mantzoukas also voices the ghost of Socrates and Guy Bilzerian.

Jenny Slate as Missy, a girl who is nerdy and kind. Her father is black and her mother is Mexican.
Fred Armisen as Elliot Birch, Nick's loving father, who frequently shares inappropriate stories.

Armisen also voices the ghost of Antonin Scalia, a bus driver, and Stavros.

Maya Rudolph as:

Diane Birch, Nick's loving mother, who babies him.
Connie the Hormone Monstress, who follows Jessi around and encourages her to embrace her wildest desires.
Rudolph also voices a bath mat, the ghost of Elizabeth Taylor, and the ghost of Whitney Houston.

Jordan Peele as the Ghost of Duke Ellington, the late jazz musician whose spirit now lives in Nick's attic and sometimes offers him advice.

Peele also voices the ghost of Freddie Mercury, Atlanta Claus, a DJ, Missy's father Cyrus, and Patrick Ewing.

text: Introduced in season two[edit]

text:
Gina Rodriguez[5] as Gina, a girl on Missy and Jessi’s soccer team who shakes up the social dynamics of the school.
David Thewlis[5] as Shame Wizard, the Hormone Monster’s mortal enemy who haunts the kids, stoking their deepest shame.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Paula Pell as Barbara Glouberman, Andrew's mother and a Jewish wife stereotype.
Richard Kind as Marty Glouberman, Andrew's Jewish father and lover of scallops.
Andrew Rannells as Matthew, a flamboyantly gay student with a love of drama and spreading gossip.
June Diane Raphael as Devin, a popular student at the high school.
Jak Knight as DeVon, the boyfriend of Devin and another popular student.
Neil Casey as Detective
John Gemberling as Security Guard
Joe Wengert as Caleb, another 7th grader, possibly on the autistic spectrum.
Seth Morris as Greg Glaser, the perpetually stoned father of Jessi Glaser and the husband of Shannon Glaser.
Jessica Chaffin as Shannon Glaser, the mother of Jessi Glaser and the unfaithful wife of Greg Glaser.
Rob Huebel as Mr. Lizer
Kat Dennings as Leah Birch, the sister of Nick and Judd Birch.
Kristen Bell as Pam the pillow/Uninterested Girl
Heather Lawless as Jenna Bilzerian
Chelsea Peretti as Monica
Mark Duplass as Val Bilzerian, an older, bullying brother to Jay Bilzerian. Duplass also voices a clerk.
Paul Scheer as Kurt Bilzerian, another older, bullying brother to Jay Bilzerian.
Nathan Fillion as himself
Kristen Wiig as Jessi's genitalia
Nasim Pedrad as Fatima, the female character in the book The Rock of Gibraltar.
Carlos Alazraqui as Gustavo, the male character in the book The Rock of Gibraltar.
Alia Shawkat as Roland, a friend of Nick Birch's who lives in Manhattan, New York.
Mae Whitman as Tallulah Levine, a friend of Leah's who takes a liking to Nick.
Zach Woods as Daniel, a boy Leah is interested in.
Jon Hamm as Scallops
Jack McBrayer as Nick's pubic hair #1
Craig Robinson as Nick's pubic hair #2
Jon Daly as Judd Birch, the brother of Nick and Leah Birch, and the son of Diane and Elliot Birch.
Rosa Salazar as Miss Benitez, a 7th grade teacher.
Michaela Watkins as Cantor Dina Reznick, Shannon Glaser's love interest.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

1
"Ejaculation"
Joel Moser
Nick Kroll & Andrew Goldberg & Jennifer Flackett & Mark Levin
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

As Andrew falls under the spell of the Hormone Monster, Maury, his buddy Nick becomes obsessed with the lack of changes in his own body. The gang go to the school dance.

2
"Everybody Bleeds"
Bryan Francis
Kelly Galuska
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

A field trip goes from awkward to mortifying as Jessi is pressured into being Nick's girlfriend, then gets her first period—inside the Statue of Liberty.

3
"Am I Gay?"
Mike L. Mayfield
Joe Wengert
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

A trailer for a new movie starring The Rock leaves Andrew questioning his sexuality. Jessi and Nick's budding romance turns ugly fast.

4
"Sleepover: A Harrowing Ordeal of Emotional Brutality"
Joel Moser
Jess Dweck & Victor Quinaz
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

While the boys head to Jay's for a testosterone-fueled sleepover, Jessi throws a party of her own and gets caught up in mean-girl drama.

5
"Girls Are Horny Too"
Bryan Francis
Emily Altman
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

A steamy novel making the rounds at school inspires Jessi to explore her own sexuality—and leaves the boys totally confused about what girls want.

6
"Pillow Talk"
Mike L. Mayfield
Peter A. Knight
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

Nick drags Andrew into the city to visit an old camp crush, but the day doesn't go as planned. Jay embarks on an emotional journey with his pillow.

7
"Requiem for a Wet Dream"
Joel Moser
Duffy Boudreau
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

Andrew struggles to keep the Hormone Monster in check as he works with Missy on a science fair project. Jessi and Matthew have fun at Jay's expense.

8
"The Head Push"
Bryan Francis
Emily Altman & Jennifer Flackett & Mark Levin
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

When Leah hosts a party for the high school drama crowd, Nick wrestles with a romantic dilemma, and Andrew and Missy witness a disturbing scene.

9
"I Survived Jessi's Bat Mitzvah"
Mike L. Mayfield
Kelly Galuska
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

Family blowups, secret liaisons and an unflattering dress make Jessi's bat mitzvah a night to remember.

10
"The Pornscape"
Joel Moser
Gil Ozeri
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)

Andrew tries to drown his sorrows in a sea of porn, only to become hopelessly addicted. Coach Steve becomes a suspect in a murder spree. Also, Jessi and Jay run away together.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Big Mouth has received critical acclaim since its official release. On Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 100% based on 18 reviews, with the critical consensus reading, "Big Mouth's simplistic animation and scatalogical humor belie its finely sketched characters and smart, empathetic approach to the messiness of adolescence."[6] At Metacritic, the show currently holds a rating of 80 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[7]

text: Vox described the show as sharp, and as jarringly depicting the awkwardness of pubescence, postpubescence and prepubescence.[8]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
Annie Award
Best General Audience Television/Broadcast Production
Big Mouth
Nominated