document_title: Steel Magnolias

question_text: who plays shelby's husband in steel magnolias

question_tokens: who plays shelby 's husband in steel magnolias

text: Steel Magnolias

text: Plot[edit]

text: Annelle Dupuy, a reserved beauty school graduate, is hired by Truvy Jones to work in her home-based beauty salon in northwestern Louisiana. At the same time, in another part of the neighborhood, M'Lynn Eatenton, and her daughter, Shelby, are preparing for Shelby's wedding, which is taking place later that day. They arrive, along with Clairee Belcher, the cheerful widow of the former mayor, to have their hair done. Suddenly, Shelby, who has type 1 diabetes, falls into a hypoglycemic state, but recovers quickly with the help of her mother's quick thinking. Later that afternoon, short-tempered, grouchy, and sarcastic Louisa "Ouiser" Boudreaux arrives in the salon and questions Annelle about where she has moved from, forcing Annelle to reveal that her husband has recently left her while fleeing the police, taking all their money and their car. Moved by Annelle's emotional confession, Shelby invites her to the wedding, where Annelle meets Sammy, who is tending bar.

text: Several months pass and Shelby returns to town to celebrate Christmas. During the festivities, she announces that she and her husband, Jackson Latcherie, are expecting their first child. M'Lynn is devastated by the news, as the doctors had warned that Shelby’s extreme diabetes situation means that pregnancy could be a death sentence, but Shelby, unable to adopt, was unwilling to go on without having children, calling that a “life of nothing special.” Shelby's father Drum, and her brothers Jonathan and Tommy, are thrilled. Truvy, Annelle, and Clairee had originally thought that Shelby couldn't have children, but on the night of the big announcement, M'Lynn clarifies for them the doctors’ warnings. Unable to give her any words of wisdom, Truvy suggests they focus on the joy of the situation: Jackson and Shelby's first child, as well as Drum and M'Lynn's first grandchild. M'Lynn agrees, saying that nothing pleases Shelby more than proving her wrong.

text: Shelby successfully delivers a baby boy, Jackson Jr., but begins showing signs of kidney failure and starts dialysis. She celebrates July Fourth, around the time Jackson Jr. turns one, by successfully receiving a donated kidney from M'Lynn, allowing Shelby to seemingly resume a normal life. Four months later, on Halloween, Ouiser, Clairee, Truvy, and M'Lynn throw Annelle a surprise wedding shower, as she is now engaged to Sammy. Shelby is unavailable to attend due to a conflicting schedule with her nursing job, and is later found by Jackson unconscious on the porch of her house. Shelby is rushed to the hospital, where it is determined that her body rejected the new kidney, and she is now in a coma. The doctors inform the family that Shelby is likely to remain comatose indefinitely, and they all jointly decide to take her off life support. At the funeral, after the other mourners have left, M'Lynn breaks down in hysterics in front of Ouiser, Clairee, Truvy, and Annelle, but is comforted by them.

text: Later, at the wake, M'Lynn begins to accept her daughter's decision to end her life in return for a few months of motherhood. Annelle, now married and pregnant, asks M'Lynn if she could name her own baby after Shelby, since Shelby was the reason Annelle and Sammy met. M'Lynn gives her blessings and assures Annelle that Shelby would have loved it. Months later, on Easter morning, Annelle goes into labor during an Easter egg hunt, is rushed to the hospital by Truvy and her husband Spud, and another life begins.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Relationship

Sally Field
Mary Lynn "M'Lynn" Eatenton
Social Worker; Wife to Drum Eatenton; Mother to Shelby, Jonathan and Tommy; Jackson's mother-in-law; Jack Jr.'s maternal grandmother

Dolly Parton
Truvy Jones
Beautician; Wife to Spud Jones; Mother to Louie; town gossip

Shirley MacLaine
Louisa "Ouiser" Boudreaux
Clairee Belcher's best friend and confidant; Eatenton Family's next-door neighbor; town curmudgeon, and Drum Eatenton's nemesis

Daryl Hannah
Annelle Dupuy Desoto
Newcomer to town; Apprentice Beautician hired by Truvy Jones; first married to Bunkie Dupuy; later marries Sammy Desoto

Olympia Dukakis
Clairee Belcher
Former town first lady; sister to Drew Marmillion, sister-in-law to Belle Marmillion; aunt to Marshall and Nancy Beth Marmillion; best friend and confidant of Ouiser Boudreaux; friend of the Eatentons and Joneses

Julia Roberts
Shelby Eatenton Latcherie
Eldest child and only daughter of Drum and M'Lynn Eatenton; sister to Jonathan and Tommy; marries Jackson Latcherie and gives birth to Jackson "Jack" Latcherie, Jr.; suffers from type one diabetes

Tom Skerritt
Thomas Drummond "Drum" Eatenton
Husband of M'Lynn Eatenton, Father to Shelby, Jonathan and Tommy; Jackson Latcherie's father-in-law; Jack Jr.'s maternal grandfather

Sam Shepard
Spud Jones
Sporadically employed laborer; Truvy Jones's husband and Louie's father

Dylan McDermott
Jackson Latcherie
Lawyer; Shelby Eatenton's husband; Jack Jr.'s father; Drum and M'Lynn's son-in-law and Jonathan and Tommy's brother-in-law

Kevin J. O'Connor
Sammy Desoto
Annelle Dupuy's eventual husband, who met her at Shelby and Jackson's wedding reception

Bill McCutcheon
Owen Jenkins
Ouiser Boudreaux's former boyfriend who has returned to town

Ann Wedgeworth
Aunt Fern Thornton
Jackson Latcherie's aunt; her specialty is baking animal-shaped cakes

Knowl Johnson
Tommy Eatenton
Drum and M'Lynn Eatenton's first-born son and middle child; Shelby and Jonathan's brother; Jackson's brother-in-law; Jack Jr.'s maternal uncle

Jonathan Ward
Jonathan Eatenton
Drum and M'Lynn Eatenton's second-born son and youngest child; Shelby and Tommy's brother; Jackson's brother-in-law; Jack Jr.'s maternal uncle

Ronald Young
Drew Marmillion
Clairee Belcher's brother; Husband to Belle Marmillion; Father to Marshall and Nancy Beth

Bibi Besch
Belle Marmillion
Drew Marmillion's wife; Mother to Marshall and Nancy Beth; Clairee Belcher's sister-in-law

Janine Turner
Nancy-Beth Marmillion
Drew and Belle Marmillion's daughter; Marshall's sister; Clairee Belcher's niece; town's dethroned "Miss Merry Christmas"

James Wlcek
Marshall Marmillion
Drew and Belle Marmillion's son; Nancy Beth's brother; Clairee Belcher's nephew; announces to his parents he is gay

Tom Hodges
Louie Jones
Truvy and Spud Jones's rebellious son

C. Houser
Jackson Latcherie, Jr. (1 year old)
Jackson and Shelby Latcherie's son; Drum and M'Lynn Eatenton's grandson; Jonathan and Tommy Eatenton's nephew

Daniel Camp
Jackson Latcherie, Jr. (3 years old)

text: Background[edit]

text: The original play dramatized experiences of the family and friends of the play's author following the 1985 death of his sister from diabetic complications after the birth of his namesake nephew and the failure of a family member's donated kidney. A writer friend continuously encouraged him to write it down in order to come to terms with the experience. He did but originally as a short story for his nephew then later to get an understanding of the deceased mother. It evolved in ten days into the play.[4][5]

text: Production[edit]

text: Released by TriStar Pictures in the United States on November 15, 1989 and grossed more than $83.7 million at the box office. Harling's first produced screenplay, he adapted the original film script which was then heavily rewritten beyond the on-stage one-set scenario (which had taken place entirely in Truvy's beauty salon) of the stage production: the scenes increased and the sequence was more tightly linked with major holidays than the play; the increased characters beyond the original, all-female play cast caused dialogue changes between on-screen characters (among them, Harling playing the preacher and Truvy has one son instead of two). Natchitoches, Louisiana served as both the 1989 film location and scenario location[6] with historian Robert DeBlieux, a former Natchitoches mayor, as the local advisor.[7]

text: Reception[edit]

text: It received generally positive reviews from critics and has a score of 69% on Rotten Tomatoes.[8] An example of a less enthusiastic critic was Hal Hinson of The Washington Post, who said that it felt, "more Hollywood than the South."[9] More enthusiastic was Roger Ebert, who said that the film was, "willing to sacrifice its over-all impact for individual moments of humor, and while that leaves us without much to take home, you've got to hand it to them: The moments work."[10][11]

text: The movie received a limited release on November 15, 1989: entered the U.S. box office at No. 4 with an opening weekend gross of $5,425,440; by the time of wider release two days later it grossed $15,643,935; stayed in the top 10 for 16 weeks, gross $83,759,091 domestically with a further $12,145,000 with foreign markets giving a worldwide gross of $95,904,091.[12]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on VHS on June 19, 1990 and on DVD July 25, 2000, allowing the film to gross a further $40 million.[13][14] The movie's overall gross was $135,904,091. The film was released on Blu-ray through the boutique label Twilight Time, on September 11, 2012–it has since gone out of print.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominated work
Result

1990
Academy Awards
Best Supporting Actress
Julia Roberts
Nominated

1990
American Comedy Awards
Funniest Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture
Olympia Dukakis
Nominated

1990
American Comedy Awards
Funniest Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture
Shirley MacLaine
Nominated

1990
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
Best Supporting Actress
Shirley MacLaine
Nominated

1990
Golden Globe Awards
Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
Sally Field
Nominated

1990
Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
Julia Roberts
Won

1990
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture
Steel Magnolias
Won

1991
BAFTA Awards
Best Actress in a Supporting Role
Shirley MacLaine
Nominated

text: Failed TV sequel pilot[edit]

text: CBS broadcast on August 17, 1990, a half-hour television pilot sitcom sans Shelby's character as the story line was post death. The cast included Cindy Williams as M'Lynn, Sally Kirkland as Truvy, Elaine Stritch as Ouiser, Polly Bergen as Clairee and Sheila McCarthy as Annelle.

text: Remake[edit]

text: Lifetime Television Network announced (October 10, 2011) a planned remake under the direction of Kenny Leon, director of the ABC movie A Raisin in the Sun (2008), set in Louisiana[15] featuring lead role black actors: Queen Latifah (M'Lynn), Jill Scott (Truvy), Alfre Woodard (Ouiser), Phylicia Rashād (Clairee), Adepero Oduye (Annelle) and Condola Rashād (Shelby).[16][17] The New York Times had mixed reactions: applauded it on some points and on others as either schmaltz or less attentive than the 1989 film.[18]


document_title: My Tribute (To God Be The Glory)

question_text: who wrote my tribute to god be the glory

root

text: My Tribute (To God Be The Glory)

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
"My Tribute (To God Be The Glory)"

Song by Andraé Crouch

from the album Keep On Singin'

Released
1972 (1972)

Format
LP record

Genre
Gospel music

Label
Light

Songwriter(s)
Andraé Crouch

text: "My Tribute (To God Be The Glory)" is a gospel song that first appeared in 1972 by American gospel singer and songwriter Andraé Crouch on the album Keep on Singin''. Crouch wrote the song and it is considered one of his most well-known songs.

tag: p

text: Cover versions[edit]

text: "My Tribute (To God Be The Glory)" has been covered by numerous other artists over the years, including:

text:
Sissel Kyrkjebø
Oslo Gospel Choir
Carola Häggkvist
Marilyn McCoo
Lynette White
Phil Driscoll
Sandi Patty
Crystal Lewis
Nicole C. Mullen
Israel Houghton
Darlene Zschech

tag: ul


document_title: Purohit

question_text: what is the meaning of purohit in english

text: Purohit

text: Purohit, in the Indian religious context, means family priest, from puras meaning "front", and hita, "placed". The word is also used synonymously with the word pandit, which also means "priest". Tirth Purohit means the Purohits which site on ford of the holy rivers or holy tanks, which maintained the records of the forefathers of the Hindu family from thousands years back.

text: Rajpurohit was an ancient term for a priest who acted for royalty, carrying out rituals and providing advice. In this sense, it is synonymous with rajguru. Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund note that "There is much evidence in ancient texts that there were two ideal types of Brahmins in those days, the royal priest or advisor (rajpurohit, rajguru) and the sage (rishi) who lived in the forest and shared his wisdom only with those who asked for it."[1] Its modern use in this sense has been described by Sumit Sarkar as a "self-conscious archaism".[2]


document_title: UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award

question_text: uefa men's player of the year 2016-17

question_tokens: uefa men 's player of the year 2016-17

text: UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award

text: Criteria[edit]

text: According to UEFA, the award "recognise[s] the best player, irrespective of his nationality, playing for a football club within the territory of a UEFA member association during the previous season."[1] Players are judged by their performances in all competitions, domestic and international, and at club and national team levels throughout the season.[1]

text: Voting[edit]

text: The award's voting format is a return to the old Ballon d'Or, which was decided purely by journalists.[2]

text: In the first round of voting, 54 sports journalists representing each of the UEFA national associations provide a list of their three best-ranked players from one to three, with the first player receiving five points, the second three points and the third one point. The three players with the most points overall are shortlisted.[1] The jury comprises renowned sports journalists representing each of UEFA's national associations, from RTV Albania to the Daily Post in Wales via members of European Sports Media, with whom UEFA collaborated on this award.[11] The final vote, also by the journalists, then takes place live via electronic voting during the presentation ceremony.[1]

text: Award history[edit]

text: Winners[edit]

text:
Year
Player
Club

UEFA Best Player in Europe Award

2010–11
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona

2011–12
 Andrés Iniesta
 Barcelona

2012–13
 Franck Ribéry
 Bayern Munich

2013–14
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid

2014–15
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona

2015–16
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid

UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award

2016–17
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid

text: Finalists[edit]

text: Winner   Shortlisted

text:
Rank
Player
First round[4]
Final round
Team

1
 Lionel Messi
–
39
 Barcelona

2
 Xavi
–
11
 Barcelona

3
 Cristiano Ronaldo
–
3
 Real Madrid

4
 Andrés Iniesta
33
–
 Barcelona

5
 Radamel Falcao
17
–
 Porto

6
 Wayne Rooney
15
–
 Manchester United

7
 Nemanja Vidić
5
–
 Manchester United

8
 Zlatan Ibrahimović
4
–
 Milan

 Gerard Piqué
4
–
 Barcelona

10
 Manuel Neuer
3
–
 Schalke 04

text:
Rank
Player
First round[12]
Final round
Team

1
 Andrés Iniesta
–
19
 Barcelona

2
 Lionel Messi
–
17
 Barcelona

 Cristiano Ronaldo
–
17
 Real Madrid

4
 Andrea Pirlo
90
–
 Juventus

5
 Xavi
57
–
 Barcelona

6
 Iker Casillas
53
–
 Real Madrid

7
 Didier Drogba
31
–
 Chelsea

8
 Petr Čech
14
–
 Chelsea

 Radamel Falcao
14
–
 Atlético Madrid

10
 Mesut Özil
10
–
 Real Madrid

text:
Rank
Player
First round
Final round
Team

1
 Franck Ribéry
–
36
 Bayern Munich

2
 Lionel Messi
–
14
 Barcelona

3
 Cristiano Ronaldo
–
3
 Real Madrid

4
 Arjen Robben
57
–
 Bayern Munich

5
 Robert Lewandowski
39
–
 Borussia Dortmund

6
 Thomas Müller
38
–
 Bayern Munich

7
 Bastian Schweinsteiger
32
–
 Bayern Munich

8
 Gareth Bale
24
–
 Tottenham Hotspur

9
 Zlatan Ibrahimović
14
–
 Paris Saint-Germain

10
 Robin van Persie
10
–
 Manchester United

text:
Rank
Player
First round[13]
Final round
Team

1
 Cristiano Ronaldo
–
27
 Real Madrid

2
 Manuel Neuer
–
18
 Bayern Munich

3
 Arjen Robben
–
9
 Bayern Munich

4
 Thomas Müller
39
–
 Bayern Munich

5
 Philipp Lahm
24
–
 Bayern Munich

 Lionel Messi
24
–
 Barcelona

7
 James Rodríguez
16
–
 Monaco

8
 Luis Suárez
13
–
 Liverpool

9
 Ángel Di María
12
–
 Real Madrid

10
 Diego Costa
8
–
 Atlético Madrid

text:
Rank
Player
First round[14]
Final round[15]
Team

1
 Lionel Messi
–
49
 Barcelona

2
 Luis Suárez
–
3
 Barcelona

3
 Cristiano Ronaldo
–
2
 Real Madrid

4
 Gianluigi Buffon
24
–
 Juventus

5
 Neymar
23
–
 Barcelona

6
 Eden Hazard
21
–
 Chelsea

7
 Andrea Pirlo
12
–
 Juventus

8
 Arturo Vidal
11
–
 Juventus

9
 Carlos Tevez
8
–
 Juventus

10
 Paul Pogba
5
–
 Juventus

text:
Rank
Player
First round[16]
Final round[17]
Team

1
 Cristiano Ronaldo
–
40
 Real Madrid

2
 Antoine Griezmann
–
8
 Atlético Madrid

3
 Gareth Bale
–
7
 Real Madrid

4
 Luis Suárez
29
–
 Barcelona

5
 Lionel Messi
25
–
 Barcelona

6
 Gianluigi Buffon
19
–
 Juventus

7
 Pepe
9
–
 Real Madrid

8
 Manuel Neuer
6
–
 Bayern Munich

9
 Toni Kroos
5
–
 Real Madrid

10
 Thomas Müller
2
–
 Bayern Munich

text:
Rank
Player
First round[18]
Final round[19]
Team

1
 Cristiano Ronaldo
–
482
 Real Madrid

2
 Lionel Messi
–
141
 Barcelona

3
 Gianluigi Buffon
–
109
 Juventus

4
 Luka Modrić

–
 Real Madrid

5
 Toni Kroos

–
 Real Madrid

6
 Paulo Dybala

–
 Juventus

7
 Sergio Ramos

–
 Real Madrid

8
 Kylian Mbappé

–
 Monaco

9
 Robert Lewandowski

–
 Bayern Munich

10
 Zlatan Ibrahimović

–
 Manchester United

text: Most wins[edit]

text: Cristiano Ronaldo has won the award three times, in 2014, 2016 and 2017, followed by Lionel Messi who has won it twice, in 2011 and 2015.[20][21]


document_title: Are We There Yet? (TV series)

question_text: who plays kevin in are we there yet

question_tokens: who plays kevin in are we there yet

text: Are We There Yet? (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series takes place in a continuity different from that of the films Are We There Yet? and Are We Done Yet?, and centers on the blended Kingston-Persons of Seattle facing the challenges of everyday life in a new blended family. Nick Persons (Terry Crews) and Suzanne Kingston-Persons (Essence Atkins) have been married for 6 months and former athlete Nick has sold his sports-memorabilia shop and taken a job in information technology. He is still trying to figure out his role in the family and bond with Suzanne's two children: Lindsey, who's forever texting on her cell phone, and Kevin, who's usually seen playing video games or playing with his best friend Troy. The kids' father is Suzanne's ex-husband Frank Kingston, who has a new wife and son. Suzanne herself has a very hectic schedule as a party planner. Nick's mother (Telma Hopkins) is not happy about her son's recent marriage or her new role as a grandmother and has a hard time getting along with her new daughter-in-law. The series draws its humor from everyday family situations. Though sharing the title and characters from the original film, the story is more similar to the storyline of its sequel, Are We Done Yet? as opposed to Are We There Yet?.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Terry Crews replaces Ice Cube as Nick Persons, Suzanne's husband and Lindsey and Kevin's adopted father. New to marriage and fatherhood, Nick is an ex-athlete who works in technology. The only child of an eccentric mother, he possesses solid family values and a strong work ethic. Nick used to own a sports-memorabilia store, but he recently sold the business to his best friend Martin and got a job as a sports reporter at KAWT. Nick later becomes a part-owner in Martin's sports-themed bar/restaurant.
Essence Atkins replaces Nia Long as Suzanne Kingston-Persons, Nick's wife, Lindsey and Kevin's mother, and Terrence's sister. Suzanne is a modern woman with a career and love for her family. As a newlywed mother of two, she's trying to juggle family and career, while also trying to have a little fun. Suzanne is a successful event planner, known for her creative edge and attention to detail. She also has a childish wit.
Coy Stewart replaces Philip Daniel Bolden as Kevin Kingston-Persons, Suzanne's son, Nick's adopted son, and Lindsey's younger brother. He is an avid soccer fan and can regularly be found watching his favorite player on TV. He also has a great interest in technology and computers. Smarter than his 10-year-old friends, Kevin is as precocious as he is lovable. He also has asthma, which was first seen in the 2005 film adaption. He loves to find his way around the rules and really wants to be the center of attention. Kevin is 10 in season one and turns 13 in season three.
Teala Dunn replaces Aleisha Allen as Lindsey Kingston-Persons, Suzanne's daughter, Nick's adopted daughter, and Kevin's older sister. At 15, Lindsey is a typical teen girl, who loves spending time with her friends and is attached to her cellphone. She has a strong bond with her parents and little brother, but she would prefer to hang out with friends instead of family. Lindsey often gets in trouble and she and Kevin often blackmail each other.
Christian Finnegan replaces Jay Mohr as Martin aka Marty, Nick's best friend who now owns a sports-themed bar/restaurant. Martin is a lovable rogue who is single and dating. Quick dialogue from an episode implies that he may have once had a relationship with Suzanne's friend Gigi. He enjoys life and his friends, and helps Nick with any problems with Suzanne.
Keesha Sharp as Gigi, Suzanne's assistant and best girlfriend. Always ready for a good time, she frequently jets to the hottest parties in and out of town. She convinces Suzanne to not blame Nick so much.
Telma Hopkins as Marilyn Persons, Nick's mother, Suzanne's mother-in-law, and the kids' new adopted grandmother. She is constantly on the go and not available for babysitting. She's not thrilled about being any kind of grandmother and she isn't crazy about her new daughter-in-law, but Nick is her only child, so she has to adjust to his new life as a husband and father. (Seasons 2-3, recurring role in Season 1)

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Ice Cube as Terrence, Suzanne's paramilitary brother, Nick's brother-in-law, and the kids' uncle. Because he works for a Covert Government Agency, he is very secretive. He is protective of his only sister and uses every opportunity to remind Nick that he better be good to her, even by threatening to kill him. One of his running gags is when he points and says, "What's that?" and the person he's talking to will look away and will look back to see him disappear and hear the door slam. Ice Cube originally portrayed Nick in the films.
Charlie Murphy as Frank Kingston, Suzanne's ex-husband, Kevin and Lindsey's father, Terrence's former brother-in-law and Nick's rival. Frank neglected Kevin and Lindsey and is seen throughout the show trying to reconcile with the family, but Suzanne and Nick don't trust him.
Michael Hall D'Addario as Troy, Kevin's best friend. Troy is a huge fan of African American culture. He knows a lot for his age and is known to be very smart, although he possesses mostly street smarts. A gag of his is how he sometimes lies to his mother: Jackie, about his whereabouts, only so that he can scheme with Kevin.
Annie Q. as Kelly, Lindsey's best friend.
Darrell Hammond as Brick Street, a KAWT anchor. (Season 3)
Jacqueline Mazarella as Jackie, Troy's mother.s
Sherrod Small as Malcolm, Nick's friend.
Joe D'Onofrio as Staten Island Mike, Nick's friend.

text: Production and development[edit]

text: The show is loosely based on the 2005 film of the same name and its 2007 sequel, released by Revolution Studios; however, the roles of Nick Persons, Suzanne Kingston, her two children, and Nick's friend Martin were recast for the series. The only cast member from the films to appear is the show's executive producer, Ice Cube, though he appears in a recurring role as Terrence, Suzanne's brother and the kids' uncle. Although the series is appropriate for all ages, it is not as family-oriented as the films.

text: TBS greenlit the series in June 2009 for a 10 episode order, with the option to extend the episode order to 90 episodes.[1] Unlike most sitcoms, the production of Are We There Yet? runs on a schedule which allows three episodes to be filmed over the course of a one-week period.[2] The series is being distributed by Debmar-Mercury.

text: On Wednesday, May 18, 2011, it was announced that Are We There Yet? would return for new episodes on Friday starting September 30, 2011 at 8/7c on TBS. Are We There Yet? officially ended on March 1, 2013.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
June 2, 2010 (2010-06-02)
June 30, 2010 (2010-06-30)

2
34
January 5, 2011 (2011-01-05)
May 4, 2011 (2011-05-04)

3
56
September 17, 2012 (2012-09-17)
March 1, 2013 (2013-03-01)


document_title: Major League Baseball schedule

question_text: when did the mlb start playing 162 games

text: Major League Baseball schedule

text: Historical season schedules[edit]

text: This account gives the length of the major league "championship season" schedule by league and year. It does not cover the curtailment of play by war (1918) or by strikes and lockouts (1972, 1981, 1994). The schedules for 1995 were revised and shortened from 162 to 144 games, after late resolution of the strike that had begun in 1994 required a delay in the season to accommodate limited spring training.

text: The listed years are those in which the league revised its schedule. For example, the National League (NL) scheduled 84 games during 1879, 1880, 1881, and 1882 – that is, four seasons from 1879, ending before 1883, the next listing. 1876 is listed here for convenience although the NL did not schedule games (see 1871 to 1876, below).

text: National League[edit]

text:
Start year
Total Games
Schedule

1876
70
10 games × 7 opponents – matches scheduled by the two clubs (as previously, below)

1877
60
12 games × 5 opponents – the first league schedule

1879
84
12 games × 7 opponents

1883
98
14 games × 7 opponents

1884
112
16 games × 7 opponents

1886
126
18 games × 7 opponents

1888
140
20 games × 7 opponents

1892
154
14 games × 11 opponents

1893
132
12 games × 11 opponents

1898
154
14 games × 11 opponents

1900
140
20 games × 7 opponents

1904
154
22 games × 7 opponents

1919
140
20 games × 7 opponents

1920
154
22 games × 7 opponents

1962
162
18 games × 9 opponents

1969
162
18 games × 5 opponents in-division, 12 × 6 interdivision games
(yielding 90 intra- and 72 inter-division games)

1993
162
expansion – 13 games × 6 opponents in-division, 12 × 7 interdivision games
(78 intra- and 84 inter-division)

1994
162
leagues split into 3 divisions – schedules based on 1993 alignments

1997
162
inter-league play introduced – opponent schedules vary

1998
162
expansion – opponent schedules vary

2013
162
19 games × 4 opponents within same division (76 games), 6 or 7 games x 10 opponents interdivision within same league (66 games), 20 interleague games[2]

text: American League[edit]

text:
Start year
Total Games
Schedule

1901
140
20 games × 7 opponents

1904
154
22 games × 7 opponents

1919
140
20 games × 7 opponents

1920
154
22 games × 7 opponents

1961
162
18 games × 9 opponents

1969
162
18 games × 5 opponents in-division, 12 × 6 interdivision games
(yielding 90 intra- and 72 inter-division games)

1977
162
expansion – 15 games × 6 opponents in-division, 10 or 11 × 7 interdivision games
(90 intra- and 72 inter-division, as previously)

1979
162
13 games × 6 opponents in-division, 12 × 7 interdivision games
(78 intra- and 84 inter-division)

1994
162
leagues split into 3 divisions – schedules based on 1993 alignments

1997
162
inter-league play introduced – opponent schedules vary

1998
162
expansion – opponent schedules vary

2013
162
19 games × 4 opponents within same division (76 games), 6 or 7 games x 10 opponents interdivision within same league (66 games), 20 interleague games[2]

text: American Association[edit]

text: 1882 – 1891

text: Thus the AA expanded its schedule to 140 games two years before the National League did so. After 1891 four AA clubs joined the NL and four were bought out, nominally creating one big league, the "National League and American Association" of 12 clubs.

text: Union Association[edit]

text: Players' League[edit]

text: Federal League[edit]

text: 1914: 1915

text: National Association of Professional Base Ball Players[edit]

text: The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) did not schedule games, nor did it control the number of teams, a major reason for its demise after the 1875 season. Clubs paid a $10 entry fee, later $20, to enter the Association for one season, and thereby declare for that year's national championship. Without continuing membership or heavy investment, there was little to deter a team from breaking a commitment, and though it happened, it was mainly due to clubs going out of business.

text: The National League organized for 1876 on a different basis, granting exclusive memberships to eight clubs that would continue from year to year — it was generally expected, if only because membership would be profitable. But the new league followed its predecessor in merely agreeing that each club would play a certain number of matches to a decision (excluding ties) by a certain date. Boston played 70 games with its quota of ten decisions against every rival. The others achieved 56 to 68 decisions, 64 to 66 for the four western teams as the teams from New York and Philadelphia (eastern) abandoned their schedule-concluding road trips.

text: For all six early seasons, prior to the first league schedule in 1877, member clubs scheduled their own matches by mutual arrangement, including championship games necessarily with member clubs, other games with members, and games with non-member clubs. Some may have practically dictated their arrangements with some others, but there was no central control or coordination.

text: This listing gives the greatest number of games played by any club for each season. Naturally, the leader by games played was always a strong club fielding one of the better gate attractions.

text: The leading numbers of games played to a decision were 33, 54, 59, 71, 82, and 70 decisions; by the listed teams except the Mutuals in 1872.

text: Recent season schedules[edit]

text: 1998 to 2012[edit]

text: Since 1998, there have been 30 major league teams with a single advance schedule for every season that comprises 2430 games. Each team plays 162 games, 81 as the "home" team, 81 as the "visitor". (This is true even on the rare occasion when a game is played at a ballpark not home to either team.) Occasionally, the advance schedule is subsequently altered due to a game postponement or a one-game tie-breaker to determine which team will play in the postseason.

text: Before 2013 the schedule included 252 "interleague games" that matched one team from the American League and one from the National League; the other 2178 games matched a pair from within one league. About half of the latter matched teams from within one division and about half matched teams from different divisions in one league. In the Central Division of the National League, which alone had six teams, every pair of division rivals played 15 or 16 games. Within the other, smaller divisions every pair of teams played 18 or 19 games.

text: Division games (1091). There are 61 pairs of teams from within one division.

text:
25 pairings will play 19 games each (475 games)
21 pairings will play 18 games each (378 games)
13 pairings will play 16 games each (208 games) – most NL Central pairings
2 pairings will play 15 games each (30 games) – two NL Central pairings
Total: 1091 games.

text: Other intraleague games (1087). There are 150 pairs of teams from two different divisions within one league.

text:
23 pairings will play 10 games each (230 games)
15 pairings will play 9 games each (135 games)
8 pairings will play 8 games each (64 games)
34 pairings will play 7 games each (238 games)
70 pairings will play 6 games each (420 games)
Total: 1087 games.

text: Interleague play[edit]

text: The schedule for interleague play comprised 84 three-game series in each season from 1998 to 2012, divided as six series (18 games) for each of fourteen AL teams and as many as six for each of sixteen NL teams.

text: Among the 224 interleague pairs of teams, 11 played six games every year, which were scheduled in two three-game series "home and home", or one at each home ballpark. Five of these 11 special arrangements matched two teams in the same city or in neighboring cities, where they wholly or partly share territorial rights. Six were regional matches at greater distance, four of which were in the same state.

text:
Baltimore vs. Washington
Chicago Cubs (North Side) vs. Chicago White Sox (South Side)
Cincinnati vs. Cleveland
Miami vs. Tampa Bay (Tampa/St. Petersburg)
Houston vs. Texas (Arlington)
Kansas City vs. St. Louis
Los Angeles Angels vs. Los Angeles Dodgers
Milwaukee vs. Minnesota (Minneapolis/St. Paul)
New York Mets (Queens) vs. New York Yankees (Bronx)
Oakland vs. San Francisco
San Diego and Seattle

text: These special local and regional series accounted for 66 interleague games annually from 1998-2012, and the other 186 games were determined by rotation.

text: 9/11 rescheduling[edit]

text: The 2001 season was suspended for one week due to the September 11 terrorist attacks and resulting disruptions in travel, resulting in games scheduled for September 11–16 being rescheduled to the first week of October and the playoffs and World Series being rescheduled one week later than their originally planned dates, which resulted in the World Series continuing into early November.

text: Schedule changes for 2013, precipitated by realignment that created two equal-sized leagues of 15 teams each, gave every team 20 interleague games.[2] Sixteen of which were determined by a match of divisions, one from each league; all teams in a given division play all teams in a given division from the other league. (Each plays a three-game series against four teams from the designated division and two two-game series against the remaining team.)

text: The matched divisions rotate annually:

text:
AL East vs. NL West (2013), vs. NL Central (2014)
AL Central vs. NL East (2013), vs. NL West (2014)
AL West vs. NL Central (2013), vs. NL East (2014)

text: Each team played its four other interleague games against a designated "natural rival", with two games in each club's city. Thus all 30 teams, rather than 22 of 30 as previously, were deemed to have a natural rival in the other league. In 2013 the natural rivalry games were all scheduled for May 27 to May 30 (Memorial Day weekend) but in 2014 their scheduled dates range from May to August.

text: Ten of the natural rivalries from 2012 and earlier continued, while the Houston–Texas "Lone Star" rivalry had been transformed into an intra-division one with 19 games played. Five of the special arrangements were new in 2013 , including one each for Houston and Texas.

text:
Baltimore vs. Washington
Boston vs. Philadelphia
New York Mets (Queens) vs. New York Yankees (Bronx)
Miami vs. Tampa Bay (Tampa/St. Petersburg)
Toronto vs. Atlanta
Chicago Cubs (North Side) vs. Chicago White Sox (South Side)
Cincinnati vs. Cleveland
Detroit vs. Pittsburgh
Kansas City vs. St. Louis
Milwaukee vs. Minnesota (Minneapolis/St. Paul)
Houston vs. Colorado
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim vs. Los Angeles Dodgers
Oakland vs. San Francisco
San Diego vs. Seattle
Texas vs. Arizona

text: For 2014, four (4) of the five (5) new rivalries have been revised (‡), all except Detroit and Pittsburgh.

text:
Baltimore and Washington
Boston vs. Atlanta (until 1952, both teams were based in Fenway–Kenmore)
New York Mets (Queens) vs. New York Yankees (Bronx)
Miami vs. Tampa Bay (Tampa/St. Petersburg)
Toronto vs. Philadelphia
Chicago Cubs (North Side) vs. Chicago White Sox (South Side)
Cincinnati vs. Cleveland
Detroit vs. Pittsburgh
Kansas City vs. St. Louis
Milwaukee vs. Minnesota (Minneapolis/St. Paul)
Houston vs. Arizona
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim vs. Los Angeles Dodgers
Oakland vs. San Francisco
San Diego vs. Seattle
Texas vs. Colorado

text: Every team now plays 19 games against each of 4 opponents within its division (76 games), and 6 or 7 games against each of 10 opponents from other divisions within its own league (66 games).

text: When corresponding divisions (i.e. NL East vs. AL East) play each other, a slight adjustment was made to the interleague games. Teams now play 6 games against their rival and 4 games (home and home) against two opponents plus one home and one away 3 game series (14 total) against the other four teams in the opposing division. This was done in 2015, and will next occur in 2018.

text: On September 12, 2017, the schedule of the 2018 season was released, which contains a number of changes to practices. The overall length of the season has been extended to 187 days with the addition of four off-days for all teams. All teams will play on Opening Day, which for 2018 will be held on March 29. Per the Collective Bargaining Agreement, Sunday Night Baseball will no longer be played on the final Sunday before the All-Star Game, in order to ease travel time for those who are participating in the Home Run Derby. A single, nationally-televised afternoon game will be played the following Thursday, with all other teams returning to play on Friday.[3]

text: Time of first pitch[edit]

text: Start of Major League Baseball games depends on days of the week, game number in series, holidays, and other factors. Most games start at 7pm in the local time zone, so there are more night games than day games even though baseball is traditionally played during the day. The reason why there are more night baseball games is to attract more fans to ballparks as well as viewers from home because most fans would be at work or school during the day. On Mondays (excluding Opening Day and holidays), Tuesdays, and Fridays, games are almost exclusively played at night except for Cubs home games. Getaway days, days on which teams play their last game of the series before departing for another series in another city the next day, are usually day games, mainly Sundays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays. On Sundays, usually all but one are day games, with the final game reserved for ESPN's Sunday Night Baseball.

text: About half of Saturday games are day games (1, 2 or 4pm ET). In some markets, Saturday night start an hour earlier than usual night start times, but other cities start Saturday night games at the same time as weeknight games. In conclusion, weekday games are only played at night except for getaway days while many weekend games are played during the day.

text: The initial pitch typically occurs 5 or 10 minutes after the hour, in order to allow time for pre-game ceremonies.


document_title: Mad Max: Fury Road

question_text: who made the cars for mad max fury road

question_tokens: who made the cars for mad max fury road

text: Mad Max: Fury Road

text: Plot[edit]

text: Following a nuclear holocaust, the world has become a desert wasteland and civilization has collapsed. Max Rockatansky, a survivor, is captured by the War Boys, the army of the tyrannical Immortan Joe, and taken to Joe's Citadel. Designated a universal blood donor, Max is imprisoned and used as a "blood bag" for a sick War Boy called Nux. Meanwhile, Imperator Furiosa, one of Joe's lieutenants, is sent in her armoured semi-truck, the "War Rig", to collect gasoline. When she drives off-route, Joe realizes that his five wives—women selected for breeding—are missing, and fleeing with her. Joe leads his entire army in pursuit of Furiosa, calling on the aid of nearby Gas Town and the Bullet Farm.

text: Nux joins the pursuit with Max strapped to his car to continue supplying blood. A battle ensues between the War Rig and Joe's forces. Furiosa drives into a sand storm, evading her pursuers, except Nux, who attempts to sacrifice himself to destroy the Rig. Max escapes and restrains Nux, but the car is destroyed. After the storm, Max finds Furiosa repairing the Rig, accompanied by the wives: Capable, Cheedo, Toast, the Dag and the Splendid Angharad, who is heavily pregnant with Joe's child. Max steals the Rig, but its kill switch disables it. Max reluctantly agrees to let Furiosa and the wives accompany him; Nux climbs on the Rig as it leaves and attempts to kill Furiosa, but is overcome and thrown out, and is picked up by Joe's army.

text: Furiosa drives through a biker gang-controlled canyon to barter a deal for safe passage. However, with Joe's forces pursuing, the gang turns on her, forcing her and the group to flee, while the bikers detonate the canyon walls to block Joe. Max and Furiosa fight pursuing bikers as Joe's car, with Nux now on board, breaks through the blockade and eventually attacks the War Rig, allowing Nux to board. However, as the Rig escapes, Angharad falls off in an attempt to protect Max and is run over by Joe's car, killing her and her child. Furiosa explains to Max that they are escaping to the "Green Place", an idyllic land she remembers from her childhood. Capable finds Nux hiding in the Rig, distraught over his failure, and consoles him. That night, the Rig gets stuck in the mud. Furiosa and Max slow Joe's forces with mines, but Joe's ally, the Bullet Farmer, continues pursuing them. Nux helps Max free the Rig while Furiosa shoots and blinds the Bullet Farmer. Max walks into the dark to confront the Bullet Farmer and his men, returning with guns and ammunition.

text: They drive the War Rig overnight through swampland and desert, coming across a naked woman the next day. Max suspects a trap, though Furiosa approaches the woman and states her history and clan affiliation. The naked woman summons her clan, the Vuvalini, who recognize Furiosa as one of their own who was kidnapped as a child. Furiosa is devastated to learn that the swampland they passed was indeed the Green Place, now uninhabitable. The group then plans to ride motorbikes across immense salt flats in the hope of finding a new home. Max chooses to stay behind, but after seeing visions of a child he failed to save, he convinces them to return to the undefended Citadel, which has ample water and greenery that Joe keeps for himself, and trap Joe and his army in the bikers' canyon.

text: The group heads back to the Citadel, but they are attacked en route by Joe's forces, and Furiosa is seriously wounded. Joe positions his car in front of the War Rig to slow it, while Max fights Joe's giant son, Rictus Erectus. Joe captures Toast, who manages to distract him long enough for Furiosa to kill him. Nux sacrifices himself by wrecking the Rig, killing Rictus and blocking the canyon, allowing Max, Furiosa, the wives, and the surviving Vuvalini to escape in Joe's car, where Max transfuses his blood to Furiosa, saving her life.

text: At the Citadel, the impoverished citizens react to Joe's death with joy. Furiosa, the wives, and the Vuvalini are cheered by the people and welcomed by the remaining War Boys. Max shares a respectful glance with Furiosa before blending into the crowd and again departing for parts unknown.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hardy as Max Rockatansky
Charlize Theron as Imperator Furiosa
Nicholas Hoult as Nux
Hugh Keays-Byrne as Immortan Joe
Rosie Huntington-Whiteley as The Splendid Angharad
Riley Keough as Capable
Zoë Kravitz as Toast the Knowing
Abbey Lee as The Dag
Courtney Eaton as Cheedo the Fragile
Josh Helman as Slit
Nathan Jones as Rictus Erectus
John Howard as The People Eater
Richard Carter as The Bullet Farmer
Angus Sampson as The Organic Mechanic
iOTA as The Doof Warrior
Megan Gale as The Valkyrie
Melissa Jaffer as Keeper of the Seeds
Melita Jurisic, Gillian Jones, Joy Smithers, Antoinette Kellerman, and Christina Koch as The Vuvalini
Quentin Kenihan as Corpus Colossus
Jon Iles as The Ace

text: Themes and analysis[edit]

text: Survival[edit]

text: The primary theme of Mad Max: Fury Road is survival, in particular, the survival of humanity in the face of apocalyptic circumstances.[10][11] The struggle to maintain one's humanity is illustrated as Max begins the film a feral wanderer seeking only to survive, but his partnering with Furiosa allows both of them to rediscover the common dignity that makes them human. As the underlying goal for Max,[12] the theme of staying alive has been carried over from the previous installments of the series that also highlight issues such as ecological collapse and moral decadence.[13] "Survival is key", explained Miller. "I think it's a reason why the American Western was such a staple for the better part of a century in American cinema. They were allegorical tales with figures in the landscape working these things out".[14]

text: Other themes[edit]

text: Further themes pointed out by critics have included vengeance, solidarity, home, and redemption. In his review of Mad Max: Fury Road, film critic A. O. Scott wrote: "The themes of vengeance and solidarity, the wide-open spaces and the kinetic, ground-level movement mark Fury Road as a western, and the filmmakers pay tribute to such masters of the genre as John Ford, Budd Boetticher and, not least, Chuck Jones, whose Road Runner cartoons are models of ingenuity and rigor."[15] Similar to the previous Mad Max films, home has been regarded as a central theme in Mad Max: Fury Road as it dominates the motivations of Max, Furiosa, and the Five Wives: his home was destroyed, she was taken from her home, and the wives are in search of a new home to raise their children.[16] The unity of these characters also harnesses a concern for family, a common theme within Miller's filmography.[17] It also carries the theme of female empowerment.[18]

text: Control is another prominent theme in the film, with fluids particularly representing this aspect. Immortan Joe controls the water needed for survival, as well as his Wives' breast milk and the blood of his prisoners (including Max).

text: Feminism[edit]

text: Feminism is another theme that has received notice.[19] Charlize Theron is a "dramatic center for the film." Throughout the film, her character demonstrates the physicality of a hero committed to a rescue mission. Another indicator of the feminist theme is "in the end, the movie...sets up the start of a matriarchal society as an antidote to the barbarian, warlike tribes that came before". These elements contrast this film with the male-centered hero in the Mad Max films that came before.[20][21]

text: Theron's character, Furiosa, "has a shaved head..a fierce leather outfit..a mechanical arm she jerry-rigged from salvaged tools," and "is a sharpshooting powerhouse who can also handle an 18-wheel war rig charging through the desert." She is "a female road warrior." Throughout the film, Furiosa "is a character exactly equal to Max." Furiosa and Max are presented as protagonist/antagonist.[22]

text: Kyle Smith of the New York Post said that the title character, Mad Max, is "actually a secondary figure" in a film that is not about a roaming Max Rockatansky. Instead, the movie is "actually" about a "feminist revolt led by Imperator Furiosa" against Immortan Joe.[19]

text: Production[edit]

text: Crew[edit]

text:
George Miller – director, producer, writer
Brendan McCarthy – writer
Nico Lathouris – writer
Doug Mitchell – producer
P. J. Voeten – producer
Iain Smith – executive producer
John Seale – cinematographer
Colin Gibson – production designer
Jenny Beavan – costume designer
Margaret Sixel – editor
Junkie XL – music composer

text: Development[edit]

text: Plans for a fourth film in the Mad Max series hit financial difficulties and the project spent several years in "development hell".[23] In 1995, George Miller re-acquired the rights to future Mad Max films from Warner Bros.[24] The idea for a fourth instalment occurred to Miller in August 1998 when he was walking in an intersection in Los Angeles.[25] About a year later, while travelling from Los Angeles to Australia, the idea coalesced. Miller conceived a story where "violent marauders were fighting, not for oil or for material goods, but for human beings."[25] The film was set to shoot in 2001 through 20th Century Fox, but was postponed because of the September 11 attacks that same year.[7] "The American dollar collapsed against the Australian dollar, and our budget ballooned", Miller said, adding that he "had to move on to Happy Feet because there was a small window when that was ready". Mel Gibson, who starred in the original three previous films, would not return to his role as the lead character. Miller ended up re-casting the role because of controversies surrounding Gibson and because he wanted Max to remain at a younger age, as the "same contemporary warrior".[25] Miller announced in 2003 that a script had been written for a fourth film, and that pre-production was in the early stages.[26] The project was given the green light to begin filming in the Australian desert in May 2003 with a budget of US$100 million, but the location was ruined by rainfall. Mad Max 4 entered then a hiatus in light of security concerns related to its Namibian shoot because of tightened travel and shipping restrictions at the onset of the Iraq War.[27][28]

text: In November 2006, Miller stated that he intended to make Fury Road and that the film was never going to involve Gibson: "There's a real hope. The last thing I wanted to do is another Mad Max, but this script came along, and I'm completely carried away with it."[29][30] The film's screenplay was co-written with cult British comic creator Brendan McCarthy, who also designed many of the new characters and vehicles.[31] Miller again confirmed his intention to make another Mad Max at the 2007 Aurora filmmaker initiative. However, he stated that he thought Gibson would not be interested in the film because of his age.[32][33] Heath Ledger was reportedly considered for the lead before his death in 2008.[25] On 5 March 2009, it was announced that an R-rated 3D animated feature film was in pre-production and would be taking much of the plot from Fury Road,[34] although Gibson would not be in the film and Miller was looking for a "different route", a "renaissance" of the franchise.[34] Miller cited director Akira Kurosawa as an inspiration for what he wanted to do with the franchise. Miller was also developing an action-adventure tie-in video game based on the fourth film, along with God of War II video game designer Cory Barlog. Both projects were expected to take two to two-and-a-half years, according to Miller, with a release date of either 2011 or 2012. Fury Road was going to be produced at Dr. D Studios, a digital art studios founded in 2008 by Miller and Doug Mitchell.[34]

text: On 18 May 2009, it was reported that location scouting was underway for Mad Max 4.[35] After exploring the possibility of an animated 3D film, Miller decided instead to shoot a 3D live action film.[35] By this time, production had moved to Warner Bros.[7] In October 2009, Miller announced that principal photography on Fury Road would commence at Broken Hill, New South Wales in early 2011, ending years of speculation.[36] This announcement attracted widespread media attention in Australia, with speculation on whether Gibson would return as Max.[37] That same month, British actor Tom Hardy was in negotiations to take the lead role of Max, while it was also announced that Charlize Theron would play a major role in the film.[38] In June 2010, Hardy announced on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross that he would play the title role.[25][39] In July 2010, Miller announced plans to shoot two Mad Max films back-to-back, entitled Mad Max: Fury Road and Mad Max: Furiosa.[40] Weta Digital was originally involved with the film when it was scheduled for a 2012 release.[41] The company was to be handling visual effects, conceptual designs, speciality make-up effects, and costume designs until production was postponed from its November 2010 start date.[42]

text: In November 2011, filming was moved from Broken Hill back to Namibia, after unexpected heavy rains caused wildflowers to grow in the desert, inappropriate for the look of the film.[43] Other potential locations scouted included the Atacama Desert in Chile, Chott el Djerid in Tunisia, and Azerbaijan.[44]

text: In a July 2014 interview at San Diego Comic-Con International, Miller said he designed the film in storyboard form before writing the screenplay, working with five storyboard artists. It came out as about 3,500 panels, almost the same number of shots as in the finished film. He wanted the film to be almost a continuous chase, with relatively little dialogue, and to have the visuals come first.[45] Paraphrasing Alfred Hitchcock, Miller said that he wanted the film to be understood in Japan without the use of subtitles.[46]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on 26 June 2012 in Namibia.[47] Filming also took place at Potts Hill and Penrith Lakes in Western Sydney.[48] In October 2012, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Warner Bros. sent an executive to keep the production on track.[49] Filming wrapped on 17 December 2012[50] and lasted for 120 days.[7] In February 2013, a leaked draft from the Namibian Coast Conservation and Management group accused the producers of damaging parts of the Namib Desert, endangering a number of plant and animal species.[51][52] However, the Namibia Film Commission said it had "no reservations" after visiting the set during production. It disputed claims reported in the media, calling the accusations "unjust rhetoric".[53] In September 2013, it was announced that the film would undergo reshoots in November 2013.[54]

text: Miller said that he did not feel he had to top himself in terms of production design compared to the previous films in the series. Instead, he wanted the production design to harken back to the earlier films and reflect the changes of the past 30 years. Colin Gibson, the production designer, said that they developed an internally consistent history to explain the film's look and justify its use of hot rods.[55] Gibson designed the film's vehicles, all of which are fully functional.[56] Construction of some of the vehicles began as early as 2003.[57] The cars were designed to show characterisation and detail in the world, including the characters' feelings of guilt, loss, and their attempts to recycle the remains of civilisation.[56] Both the Doof Wagon and the Doof Warrior's guitar are fully functional – none of his scenes were rendered in CGI.[58]

text: Cinematographer John Seale came out of retirement to shoot Fury Road.[59] He replaced Dean Semler, the cinematographer of the previous two films, after Semler left.[60] Seale outfitted his camera crew with six Arri Alexa Pluses and four Alexa Ms, as well as a number of Canon EOS 5Ds and Olympus PEN E-P5s that were used as crash cams for the action sequences.[61][62] It was the first time Seale shot with digital cameras.[60] Because of the fast nature required for edits, Miller asked Seale to keep the focus of the shot centered for each scene, thus allowing the audience to quickly orient towards it.[63]

text: In July 2014, director George Miller described the film as "a very simple allegory, almost a western on wheels".[64] Miller said that 90% of the effects were practical.[65] Second unit director and supervising stunt coordinator Guy Norris was in charge of over 150 stunt performers, which included Cirque du Soleil performers and Olympic athletes.[59][66] Miller invited playwright Eve Ensler to act as an on-set adviser. Impressed with the script's depth and what she saw as feminist themes, she spent a week in Namibia, where she spoke to the actors about issues of violence against women.[67]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Mad Max: Fury Road contains 2,000 visual effects shots.[68] The lead effects company was Iloura, who delivered more than 1,500 effects shots for the film.[69] Additional visual effects studios that worked on the film include Method Studios, Stereo D, 4DMax, BlackGinger, The Third Floor, and Dr. D Studios.[70][71] Miller recruited his wife, Margaret Sixel, to edit the film, as he felt she could make it stand out from other action films.[72] Sixel had 480 hours of footage to edit; watching it took three months.[73] The film contains about 2,700 cuts of its entire running length, which is equivalent to 22.5 cuts per minute compared to The Road Warrior's 1,200 cuts of its 90-minute running time equivalent to 13.33 cuts per minute.[74] The frame rate was also manipulated. "Something like 50 or 60 percent of the film is not running at 24 frames a second, which is the traditional frame rate," said Seale. "It'll be running below 24 frames because George, if he couldn't understand what was happening in the shot, he slowed it down until you could. Or if it was too well understood, he'd shorten it or he'd speed it up back towards 24. His manipulation of every shot in that movie is intense."[75] The Washington Post would later note that the changing frame rate gave the film an "almost cartoonishly jerky" look.[76]

text: The extensive effects work included altering lighting and time of day, weather effects, terrain replacement and plate composition.[77] Night scenes were filmed in bright daylight, deliberately overexposed and colour-manipulated. In many shots, the sky was digitally replaced with more detailed or interesting skies. Charlize Theron wore a green cover over her left arm to aid effects artists in digitally removing her arm from her scenes. BAFTA-winning costume designer Jenny Beavan said "As far as I know, the only VFX on our costume was the green glove Charlize wore to hide her arm and they also took out wires from the harnesses. Otherwise, every costume is what it is. It’s costume. It’s their clothing. It’s just made for real! Oh yes and some of the extras – the wretched – they were enhanced. Only for the wide shots."[78]

text: Sound designer Mark Mangini stated that he viewed the War Rig as an allegory for Moby-Dick with Immortan Joe playing the role of Captain Ahab. As such, the mechanical truck sounds were layered with whale calls to provide a more animal-like quality to the truck. When the tank is pierced with harpoons and milk sprays out, the sound of whale blow-holes were used. For the final destruction of the War Rig, the only sounds used were slowed down bear growls to symbolise the death of the truck as a living creature.[79]

text: Both a PG-13 and R-rated version had been shown separately in different test screenings. The R-rated version was better received by test audiences, leading Warner Brothers to release it.[80]

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score for Mad Max: Fury Road was written by the Dutch composer Junkie XL.[81] Prior to Junkie XL's involvement, Hans Zimmer, John Powell and Marco Beltrami were attached at separate times to score the film.[82][83] After hearing Junkie XL's score for 300: Rise of an Empire,[84] Miller met with the composer in Sydney. "I got very inspired and started writing pieces of music for scenes," said Junkie XL. "The initial main themes were written in the four weeks after that first meeting and those themes never changed."[85] A soundtrack album was released by WaterTower Music on 12 May 2015.[86]

text: Release[edit]

text: A deluxe edition hardcover collection of art titled Mad Max: Fury Road - Inspired Artists Deluxe Edition inspired by the film was released on 6 May 2015.[87][88] Mad Max: Fury Road had its world premiere on 7 May 2015 at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles.[89] On 14 May 2015, it screened out-of-competition at the 68th Cannes Film Festival,[90] and then was released in theatres on 15 May 2015.[91] Leading up its release, the film was digitally re-mastered into the IMAX 3D format. It was released into IMAX theatres in select international territories on 13 May 2015.[92] It also received a one-week only IMAX 3D re-release in America starting 11 September 2015. Warner Bros. spent a total of $43.7 million on advertisement for the film.[93] It was re-released in India on March 11, 2016 in 3D and IMAX 3D.[94] Fury Road was however never granted a release in China, the world's second biggest movie market, due to its intense nature, but it was almost immediately available for legal streaming on various online platforms.[95]

text: Prequel comics[edit]

text: In May 2015, Vertigo began publishing a comic book prequel limited series. Each issue focuses on the backstory of one or two of the film's characters. The first issue, titled Mad Max: Fury Road - Nux and Immortan Joe #1, was released on 20 May. The second, Mad Max: Fury Road - Furiosa #1, was released on 17 June. The third, Mad Max: Fury Road - Mad Max #1, was released on 8 July. The final issue, Mad Max: Fury Road - Mad Max #2, was released on 5 August.[87][88][96][97][98][99] A single-volume collection containing the stories of all four issues was released on 26 August.[100]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Miller stated that the Blu-ray Disc release would include black-and-white and silent versions of the film, with the latter accompanied by the musical score. Miller described the black-and-white cut as the best version of the film.[101][102] However, when details for both the United Kingdom and United States releases of the Blu-ray were announced, the alternate cuts were absent.[103][104] Producer Doug Mitchell in December 2015 confirmed that the black and white version existed and could potentially see a future theatrical release.[105] In January 2016, Miller announced the black-and-white versions would appear in another DVD release.[106]

text: The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD in the United Kingdom on 5 October 2015.[107] In the United States, the film was released digitally on 11 August 2015, and physically on 1 September. In addition to the stand-alone release, a box set containing all four films and a documentary about the series titled "Madness of Max" was released the same day.[108] In October 2016, the black and white version of Fury Road, called Mad Max: Black & Chrome debuted in the Mad Max: High Octane anthology; a stand-alone version of the film was also available for streaming at the same time and was released on physical media on December 6, 2016.[109]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Mad Max: Fury Road became a moderate box office success theatrically.[110] When comparing the final theatrical gross to its $200 million budget (including production, marketing and distribution costs), it was an average hit, with Forbes comparing the box office figures of the film to Edge of Tomorrow, calling it "too expensive, but not really a flop."[111][112] The Hollywood Reporter calculated that the loss incurred by the film was around $20–40 million.[113] According to Forbes, one of the reasons the film emerged less successful than hoped was its cancelled release in China; success there could have aided the film in at least passing $400 million.[114] It grossed $153.6 million in North America and $224.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $378.4 million.[6] It had a worldwide opening weekend total of $109 million,[111] and went on to become the second highest-grossing Warner Bros. film of 2015 (behind San Andreas),[115] and the nineteenth highest-grossing film of 2015 worldwide overall.[115]

text: In the United States and Canada, Mad Max: Fury Road opened simultaneously with Pitch Perfect 2.[116] It opened Friday, 15 May 2015, across 3,702 theatres, and earned $16.77 million on its opening day.[117] This included $3.7 million it made from Thursday night run from 3,000 theatres.[118][119] In its opening weekend, the film grossed $45.4 million, finishing in second at the box office behind Pitch Perfect 2 ($69.2 million).[120] Mad Max: Fury Road, unlike the other seven 2015 Academy Award for Best Picture nominees, became the only film which did not get any box office bump after the nominees were announced in January 2016. However, Fury Road was released eight months prior to the announcement and had ended its theatrical run on September 24, 2015.[6][121]

text: Outside North America, it opened on 14 May on 12,000 screens in 48 countries, earning $10.4 million.[122] It opened in 20 more countries on 15 May, earning $14.2 million from 16,700 screens in 68 countries, for a two-day total of $24.6 million.[123] Through Sunday, 17 May, it had an opening weekend total of $65 million from over 9.1 million admissions on nearly 16,900 screens across 68 countries, debuting at second place behind Avengers: Age of Ultron. It went number one in 40 countries. Its highest openings were recorded in the UK ($7 million), South Korea ($6.6 million), France ($6.1 million), Russia and the CIS ($6 million) and Australia ($4.9 million).[124] It opened in its last market, Japan, on June 20, earning $2.2 million from 175,000 admissions in its opening weekend debuting at No. 2 behind local film Love Live! The School Idol Movie.[125] In total earnings, its three largest markets outside of the US and Canada are South Korea ($29.7 million), followed by the UK ($26.9 million) and France ($18.1 million).[126][127]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Mad Max: Fury Road received widespread critical acclaim.[128][129][130] Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 97% approval rating and rating average score of 8.6 out of 10 based on 373 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "With exhilarating action and a surprising amount of narrative heft, Mad Max: Fury Road brings George Miller's post-apocalyptic franchise roaring vigorously back to life."[131] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating, the film has a score of 90 out of 100 based on 51 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[132] CinemaScore polls reported that the average grade cinema audiences gave the film was a "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[133] Some critics have named Mad Max: Fury Road one of the greatest action films ever made.[134][135]

text: Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph gave the film a full five stars and praised the film for its acting, screenplay, choreography, stunts, humor, and direction calling the film a "spiritual sequel" and an "eruption of craziness."[136] Writing for The Guardian and awarding the film four stars out of five, Peter Bradshaw wrote, "Extravagantly deranged, ear-splittingly cacophonous, and entirely over the top, George Miller has revived his Mad Max punk-western franchise as a bizarre convoy chase action-thriller in the post-apocalyptic desert."[137] The New York Times wrote, "Miller has reminded us that blockbusters have the potential to not only be art, but radically visionary – even the fourth in a series. What a lovely day, indeed."[138] Scott Mendelson of Forbes gave the film 10 out of 10 stars and wrote, "Mad Max: Fury Road is a remarkable and glorious motion picture, not just one of the great action movies of our time but also a great and timely film, period."[139] Alonso Duralde of TheWrap wrote, "In the same way that the original 1979 Mad Max was the Citizen Kane of gut-bucket Australian exploitation cinema, Mad Max: Fury Road may well be the Götterdämmerung of drive-in movies. It has its roots in the Western and the post-apocalyptic road-rage action saga [...], where Miller dares anyone else to follow in his tire treads."[140] IGN reviewer Scott Collura gave the film 9.2 out of 10, saying: "The over-the-top stunts and eccentric characters and designs are all hugely important to Fury Road, ... but it's the overriding sense of the film's uniqueness, its striving to be something more than just another action movie, that is most impressive."[141]

text: The film has also been praised by scholars on several fronts. Feminist critics[142] have praised the dominant role taken by Furiosa and the range of atypical female roles including the wives and the gun-toting Vuvalini,[143] and disability studies scholars[144] have commended the film for its positive, non-stigmatizing portrayals of physical and psychological disabilities.

text: Mad Max: Fury Road was later named the nineteen-greatest film of the 21st century in a 2016 BBC critics' poll.[145]

text: In 2017, it was named the nineteenth "Best Film of the 21st Century So Far" by The New York Times.[146]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Mad Max: Fury Road was named one of the best films of 2015 by numerous critics and publications, including ranked first on the rogerebert.com Ten Best Films of 2015, and was ranked first on Metacritic and Rotten Tomatoes's best scored film of 2015.[147][148][149][150]

text: The film won many critical and guild awards, and received ten Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director, the second most-nominated film of the 88th Academy Awards after The Revenant, also starring Hardy.[151] It is the first film of the Mad Max franchise to receive Academy Award recognition, and one of the few sequels to be nominated for Best Picture.[152] The film won six Academy Awards for Best Film Editing, Best Production Design, Best Costume Design, Best Makeup and Hairstyling, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing, surpassing all other films at the awards ceremony,[153] and broke the record for the most wins for an Australian film, previously held by The Piano (1993), which won three Oscars.[154]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: In 2011, Miller and McCarthy found during the writing process for Fury Road that they had enough story material for two additional scripts. One of these, entitled Mad Max: Furiosa, had already been completed, and Miller hoped to film it after the release of Fury Road.[155] In March 2015, during an interview with Esquire, Hardy revealed that he was attached to star in three more Mad Max films following Fury Road.[156] In May 2015, Miller told Wired: "Should Fury Road be successful, I've got two other stories to tell."[157] Later in May, Miller revealed that plans for the sequel had changed and the fifth film in the franchise will instead be titled Mad Max: The Wasteland.[158][159] In October 2015, Miller revealed in an interview with TopGear.com that they had two scripts for sequels which they ended up with during the writing process.[160] Later that month, he clarified that Mad Max: The Wasteland was a working title for the sequel.[161] Miller reaffirmed his intent to continue the franchise after reports to the contrary surfaced following an interview in January 2016.[162]


document_title: Backboard (basketball)

question_text: what is the diameter of an nba basketball hoop

text: Backboard (basketball)

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: A backboard is a piece of basketball equipment. It is a raised vertical board with an attached basket consisting of a net suspended from a hoop. It is made of a flat, rigid piece of, often Plexiglas or tempered glass which also has the properties of safety glass when accidentally shattered. It is usually rectangular as used in NBA, NCAA and international basketball. In recreational environments, a backboard may be oval or a fan-shape, particularly in non-professional games.

text: The top of the hoop is 10 feet (305 cm) above the ground. Regulation backboards are 72 inches (183 cm) wide by 42 inches (110 cm) tall. All basketball rims (hoops) are 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter. The inner rectangle on the backboard is 24 inches (61 cm) wide by 18 inches (46 cm) tall.[1]

text: In professional and most higher college settings, the backboard is part of a portable stanchion that can be moved out of the way in other sports, though in most high schools and examples such as Stanford University's Maples Pavilion, backboards are mounted as part of a suspended system using ceiling joists to support the goal and allow them to be put out of the way in the ceiling when not in use.

text: The first glass backboard was used by the Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team at the Men's Gymnasium at Indiana University.[2] After the first few games at their new facility in 1917, spectators complained that they could not see the game because of opaque wooden backboards. As a result the Nurre Mirror Plate Company in Bloomington was employed to create new backboards that contained 1 1⁄2-inch-thick (3.8 cm) plate glass so that fans could see games without an obstructed view. It was the first facility in the country to use glass backboards.[2]

text: Professional glass backboards used to break from 625 pounds (283 kg) of force or more. Modern professional and higher-level college play backboards do not have the glass absorbing any weight to avoid breaking.[3]


document_title: Current members of the United States Senate

question_text: how many democrats are there in the senate

text: Party affiliation[edit]

text:
Affiliation
Members

Republican Party
51

Democratic Party
47

Independent
2[a]

Total
100

text: Leadership[edit]

text:
Office
Party
Officer
State
Since

President of the Senate[b]
Republican

Mike Pence
Indiana[c]
January 20, 2017

President pro tempore
Republican

Orrin Hatch
Utah
January 3, 2015
Party Dean since January 3, 2013

text: Majority (Republican) leadership[edit]

text:
Office
Officer
State
Since

Senate Majority Leader
Mitch McConnell
Kentucky
January 3, 2015
Party Leader since January 3, 2007

Senate Majority Whip
John Cornyn
Texas
January 3, 2015
Party Whip since January 3, 2013

Chair, Republican Conference
John Thune
South Dakota
January 26, 2012

Chair, Senate Republican Policy Committee
John Barrasso
Wyoming
January 3, 2013

Vice Chair, Republican Conference
Roy Blunt
Missouri
January 3, 2013

Chair, National Republican Senatorial Committee
Cory Gardner
Colorado
January 3, 2017

Chair, Senate Republican Steering Committee
Mike Lee
Utah
January 3, 2015

Senate Republican Chief Deputy Whip
Mike Crapo
Idaho
January 3, 2013

text: Minority (Democratic) leadership[edit]

text:
Office
Officer
State
Since

Senate Minority Leader
Chair, Democratic Caucus
Chuck Schumer
New York
January 3, 2017
Party Leader since January 3, 2017

Senate Minority Whip
Dick Durbin
Illinois
January 3, 2015
Party Whip since January 3, 2005

Senate Assistant Democratic Leader
Patty Murray
Washington
January 3, 2017

Chair, Senate Democratic Policy Committee
Debbie Stabenow
Michigan
January 3, 2017

Vice Chair, Democratic Caucus
Mark Warner
Virginia
January 3, 2017

Elizabeth Warren
Massachusetts
January 3, 2017

Chair, Senate Democratic Steering Committee
Amy Klobuchar
Minnesota
January 3, 2017

Chair, Senate Democratic Outreach Committee
Bernie Sanders
Vermont
January 3, 2017

Vice Chair, Senate Democratic Policy Committee
Joe Manchin
West Virginia
January 3, 2017

Secretary, Democratic Caucus
Tammy Baldwin
Wisconsin
January 3, 2017

Chair, Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
Chris Van Hollen
Maryland
January 3, 2017

Senate Democratic Chief Deputy Whip
Jeff Merkley
Oregon
January 3, 2017

President pro tempore emeritus
Patrick Leahy
Vermont
January 3, 2015
Party Dean since December 17, 2012

text: Senators[edit]

text: Democratic   Republican   Independent

text:
State
Portrait
Name
Born
Occupation(s)
Previous
office(s)

Assumed office
Seat up

Alabama

Shelby, RichardRichard Shelby
(1934-05-06) May 6, 1934 (age 83)
Attorney
U.S. House
Alabama Senate
January 3, 1987
2022

Jones, DougDoug Jones[d]
(1954-05-04) May 4, 1954 (age 63)
Senate staffer
Lawyer in private practice
U.S. Attorney
January 3, 2018
2020

Alaska

Murkowski, LisaLisa Murkowski
(1957-05-22) May 22, 1957 (age 60)
Municipal attorney
Lawyer in private practice
Alaska Senate
December 20, 2002
2022

Sullivan, DanDan Sullivan
(1964-11-13) November 13, 1964 (age 53)
U.S. Circuit court intern
U.S Circuit law clerk
U.S. Marine Lt. Colonel
Lawyer in a law firm
Alaska Attorney General
U.S. Assistant Secretary of State
January 3, 2015
2020

Arizona

McCain, JohnJohn McCain
(1936-08-29) August 29, 1936 (age 81)
U.S. Navy Captain
U.S. House
January 3, 1987
2022

Flake, JeffJeff Flake
(1962-12-31) December 31, 1962 (age 55)
Director of a non-profit
U.S. House
January 3, 2013
2018

Arkansas

Boozman, JohnJohn Boozman
(1950-12-10) December 10, 1950 (age 67)
Optometrist
U.S. House
Rogers Public Schools Board
January 3, 2011
2022

Cotton, TomTom Cotton
(1977-05-13) May 13, 1977 (age 40)
U.S. Circuit law clerk
Lawyer
U.S. House
January 3, 2015
2020

California

Feinstein, DianneDianne Feinstein
(1933-06-22) June 22, 1933 (age 84)
Non-profit organization fellow
San Francisco Mayor
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
November 10, 1992
2018

Harris, KamalaKamala Harris
(1964-10-20) October 20, 1964 (age 53)
Attorney
California Attorney General
San Francisco District Attorney
January 3, 2017
2022

Colorado

Bennet, MichaelMichael Bennet
(1964-11-28) November 28, 1964 (age 53)
Managing director of an investment firm
Denver Public Schools Superintendent
January 22, 2009
2022

Gardner, CoryCory Gardner
(1974-08-22) August 22, 1974 (age 43)
Public school administrator
U.S. House
Colorado House
January 3, 2015
2020

Connecticut

Blumenthal, RichardRichard Blumenthal
(1946-02-13) February 13, 1946 (age 72)
Marine Corps Reserve Sgt
Senate staffer
U.S. District law clerk
Supreme Court law clerk
Lawyer in a law firm
Connecticut Attorney General
Connecticut House
Connecticut Senate
January 3, 2011
2022

Murphy, ChrisChris Murphy
(1973-08-03) August 3, 1973 (age 44)
Lawyer in a law firm
Political campaign manager
U.S. House
Connecticut House
Connecticut Senate
January 3, 2013
2018

Delaware

Carper, TomTom Carper
(1947-01-23) January 23, 1947 (age 71)
U.S. Navy captain
Civil servant
Delaware Governor
U.S. House
Delaware Treasurer
January 3, 2001
2018

Coons, ChrisChris Coons
(1963-09-09) September 9, 1963 (age 54)
Non-profit executive
Corporate lawyer
New Castle County executive
November 15, 2010
2020

Florida

Nelson, BillBill Nelson
(1942-09-29) September 29, 1942 (age 75)
Lawyer in private practice
Florida Treasurer
U.S. House
Florida House
January 3, 2001
2018

Rubio, MarcoMarco Rubio
(1971-05-28) May 28, 1971 (age 46)
U.S. House staffer
Florida House Speaker
January 3, 2011
2022

Georgia

Isakson, JohnnyJohnny Isakson
(1944-12-28) December 28, 1944 (age 73)
Real estate broker
U.S. House
Georgia House
Georgia State Senate
January 3, 2005
2022

Perdue, DavidDavid Perdue
(1949-12-10) December 10, 1949 (age 68)
Corporate CEO
None
January 3, 2015
2020

Hawaii

Schatz, BrianBrian Schatz
(1972-10-20) October 20, 1972 (age 45)
Nonprofit CEO / Director
Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
Hawaii House
December 26, 2012
2022

Hirono, MazieMazie Hirono
(1947-11-03) November 3, 1947 (age 70)
Lawyer
U.S. House
Hawaii House
Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
January 3, 2013
2018

Idaho

Crapo, MikeMike Crapo
(1951-05-20) May 20, 1951 (age 66)
U.S. Circuit law clerk
Lawyer
U.S. House
Idaho Senate
January 3, 1999
2022

Risch, JimJim Risch
(1943-05-03) May 3, 1943 (age 74)
Professor
Rancher
President of a nonprofit
Governor of Idaho
Lieutenant Governor of Idaho
Idaho Senate President pro tempore
January 3, 2009
2020

Illinois

Durbin, DickDick Durbin
(1944-11-21) November 21, 1944 (age 73)
Lawyer
Professor
U.S. House
January 3, 1997
2020

Duckworth, TammyTammy Duckworth
(1968-03-12) March 12, 1968 (age 50)
Nonprofit staff manager
National Guard officer
U.S. House
U.S. Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Illinois Director of Veterans Affairs
January 3, 2017
2022

Indiana

Donnelly, JoeJoe Donnelly
(1955-09-29) September 29, 1955 (age 62)
Printer
Lawyer
U.S. House
January 3, 2013
2018

Young, ToddTodd Young
(1972-08-24) August 24, 1972 (age 45)
Marine Corps rifleman
Naval intelligence officer
Professor
Consultant
U.S. House
January 3, 2017
2022

Iowa

Grassley, ChuckChuck Grassley
(1933-09-17) September 17, 1933 (age 84)
Farmer
Sheet metal shearer
Assembly line worker
College professor
U.S. House
Iowa House
January 3, 1981
2022

Ernst, JoniJoni Ernst
(1970-07-01) July 1, 1970 (age 47)
Farmer
National Guard officer
Iowa Senate
January 3, 2015
2020

Kansas

Roberts, PatPat Roberts
(1936-04-20) April 20, 1936 (age 81)
Journalist
U.S. Senate staff member
U.S. House staff member
U.S. House
January 3, 1997
2020

Moran, JerryJerry Moran
(1954-05-29) May 29, 1954 (age 63)
Banker
Lawyer
U.S. House
Kansas Senate
January 3, 2011
2022

Kentucky

McConnell, MitchMitch McConnell
(1942-02-20) February 20, 1942 (age 76)
Attorney
U.S. Deputy Assistant Attorney General
Judge-Executive of Jefferson County
January 3, 1985
2020

Paul, RandRand Paul
(1963-01-07) January 7, 1963 (age 55)
Ophthalmologist
Congressional intern
None
January 3, 2011
2022

Louisiana

Cassidy, BillBill Cassidy
(1957-09-28) September 28, 1957 (age 60)
Physician
U.S. House
Louisiana Senate
January 3, 2015
2020

Kennedy, JohnJohn Kennedy
(1951-11-21) November 21, 1951 (age 66)
Magazine editor
Lawyer
Professor
Louisiana Treasurer
January 3, 2017
2022

Maine

Collins, SusanSusan Collins
(1952-12-07) December 7, 1952 (age 65)
House & Senate staffer
Regional director, SBA
Nonprofit executive director
Deputy Treasurer, MA
Professional and Financial Regulation Commissioner, ME

January 3, 1997
2020

King, AngusAngus King
(1944-03-31) March 31, 1944 (age 74)
Business founder
Corporate vice president
Maine Governor
January 3, 2013
2018

Maryland

Cardin, BenBen Cardin
(1943-10-05) October 5, 1943 (age 74)
Lawyer
U.S. House
Speaker of the Maryland House
January 3, 2007
2018

Van Hollen, ChrisChris Van Hollen
(1959-01-10) January 10, 1959 (age 59)
U.S. Senate staff member
MD Governor's legislative advisor
Attorney
U.S. House
Maryland General Assembly
January 3, 2017
2022

Massachusetts

Warren, ElizabethElizabeth Warren
(1949-06-22) June 22, 1949 (age 68)
Lawyer
Professor
Research associate
Nonprofit VP
COP Chair
CFPB Special Advisor
January 3, 2013
2018

Markey, EdEd Markey
(1946-07-11) July 11, 1946 (age 71)
Lawyer
U.S. House
Massachusetts House
July 16, 2013
2020

Michigan

Stabenow, DebbieDebbie Stabenow
(1950-04-29) April 29, 1950 (age 67)
Social worker
Leadership training consultant
U.S. House
Michigan House
Michigan Senate
January 3, 2001
2018

Peters, GaryGary Peters
(1958-12-01) December 1, 1958 (age 59)
Financial advisor
Lecturer
U.S. House
Michigan Senate
January 3, 2015
2020

Minnesota

Klobuchar, AmyAmy Klobuchar
(1960-05-25) May 25, 1960 (age 57)
Lawyer
Hennepin County Attorney
January 3, 2007
2018

Smith, TinaTina Smith[e]
(1958-03-04) March 4, 1958 (age 60)
Public relations consultant
Nonprofit VP
Minnesota Lieutenant Governor
January 2, 2018
2018

Mississippi

Wicker, RogerRoger Wicker
(1951-07-05) July 5, 1951 (age 66)
U.S. Air Force Captain
USAF Lt. Col.
Judge advocate
U.S. House
Mississippi Senate
December 31, 2007
2018

Hyde-Smith, CindyCindy Hyde-Smith[f]
(1959-05-10) May 10, 1959 (age 58)
Farmer
Mississippi Commissioner of Agriculture and Commerce
Mississippi Senate
April 9, 2018
2018

Missouri

McCaskill, ClaireClaire McCaskill
(1953-07-24) July 24, 1953 (age 64)
Trial lawyer
Missouri Auditor
Missouri House
January 3, 2007
2018

Blunt, RoyRoy Blunt
(1950-01-10) January 10, 1950 (age 68)
University president
U.S. House
Missouri Secretary of State
January 3, 2011
2022

Montana

Tester, JonJon Tester
(1956-08-21) August 21, 1956 (age 61)
Music teacher
Farmer
Montana Senate President
January 3, 2007
2018

Daines, SteveSteve Daines
(1962-08-20) August 20, 1962 (age 55)
Businessperson
U.S. House
January 3, 2015
2020

Nebraska

Fischer, DebDeb Fischer
(1951-03-01) March 1, 1951 (age 67)
Rancher
Nebraska Legislature
January 3, 2013
2018

Sasse, BenBen Sasse
(1972-02-22) February 22, 1972 (age 46)
University president
Asst Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (HHS)
January 3, 2015
2020

Nevada

Heller, DeanDean Heller
(1960-05-10) May 10, 1960 (age 57)
Stockbroker
Stock trader
U.S. House
Nevada Secretary of State
Nevada Assembly
May 9, 2011
2018

Cortez Masto, CatherineCatherine Cortez Masto
(1964-03-29) March 29, 1964 (age 54)
Lawyer
Nevada Attorney General
January 3, 2017
2022

New Hampshire

Shaheen, JeanneJeanne Shaheen
(1947-01-28) January 28, 1947 (age 71)
Teacher
Entrepreneur
New Hampshire Governor
New Hampshire Senate
January 3, 2009
2020

Hassan, MaggieMaggie Hassan
(1958-02-27) February 27, 1958 (age 60)
Lawyer
Corporate lawyer
New Hampshire Governor
New Hampshire Senate
January 3, 2017
2022

New Jersey

Menendez, BobBob Menendez
(1954-01-01) January 1, 1954 (age 64)
Lawyer
U.S. House
New Jersey General Assembly
New Jersey Senate
January 18, 2006
2018

Booker, CoryCory Booker
(1969-04-27) April 27, 1969 (age 48)
Lawyer
Newark Mayor
October 31, 2013
2020

New Mexico

Udall, TomTom Udall
(1948-05-18) May 18, 1948 (age 69)
Attorney
U.S. House
New Mexico Attorney General
Assistant U.S. Attorney
January 3, 2009
2020

Heinrich, MartinMartin Heinrich
(1971-10-17) October 17, 1971 (age 46)
Nonprofit director
Consultant
U.S. House
Albuquerque City Council
January 3, 2013
2018

New York

Schumer, ChuckChuck Schumer
(1950-11-23) November 23, 1950 (age 67)
Attorney
U.S. House
New York Assembly
January 3, 1999
2022

Gillibrand, KirstenKirsten Gillibrand
(1966-12-09) December 9, 1966 (age 51)
Lawyer
U.S. House
U.S. HUD special counsel
January 26, 2009
2018

North Carolina

Burr, RichardRichard Burr
(1955-11-30) November 30, 1955 (age 62)
Sales manager
Nonprofit director
U.S. House
January 3, 2005
2022

Tillis, ThomThom Tillis
(1960-08-30) August 30, 1960 (age 57)
Business consultant
North Carolina House Speaker
January 3, 2015
2020

North Dakota

Hoeven, JohnJohn Hoeven
(1957-03-13) March 13, 1957 (age 61)
Banker
North Dakota Governor
January 3, 2011
2022

Heitkamp, HeidiHeidi Heitkamp
(1955-10-30) October 30, 1955 (age 62)
Attorney
North Dakota Attorney General
Tax Commissioner
January 3, 2013
2018

Ohio

Brown, SherrodSherrod Brown
(1952-11-09) November 9, 1952 (age 65)
Teacher
U.S. House
Ohio Secretary of State
Ohio House
January 3, 2007
2018

Portman, RobRob Portman
(1955-12-19) December 19, 1955 (age 62)
Farm hand
Lobbyist
Lawyer
U.S. House
U.S. Trade Representative
OMB Director
January 3, 2011
2022

Oklahoma

Inhofe, JimJim Inhofe
(1934-11-17) November 17, 1934 (age 83)
Businessperson
Developer
Corporate president
U.S. House
Tulsa Mayor
Oklahoma House
Oklahoma Senate
November 17, 1994
2020

Lankford, JamesJames Lankford
(1968-03-04) March 4, 1968 (age 50)
Nonprofit program director
U.S. House
January 3, 2015
2022

Oregon

Wyden, RonRon Wyden
(1949-05-03) May 3, 1949 (age 68)
Teacher
Nonprofit director
U.S. House
February 6, 1996
2022

Merkley, JeffJeff Merkley
(1956-10-24) October 24, 1956 (age 61)
Director of a Nonprofit
CBO analyst, Defense Department
Oregon House Speaker
January 3, 2009
2020

Pennsylvania

Casey Jr., BobBob Casey Jr.
(1960-04-13) April 13, 1960 (age 58)
Teacher
Basketball coach
Lawyer
Pennsylvania Treasurer
Pennsylvania Auditor
January 3, 2007
2018

Toomey, PatPat Toomey
(1961-11-17) November 17, 1961 (age 56)
Currency trader
Restaurant owner
U.S. House
January 3, 2011
2022

Rhode Island

Reed, JackJack Reed
(1949-11-12) November 12, 1949 (age 68)
Lawyer
Army Reserve officer
U.S. House
Rhode Island Senate
January 3, 1997
2020

Whitehouse, SheldonSheldon Whitehouse
(1955-10-20) October 20, 1955 (age 62)
Attorney
Rhode Island Attorney General
January 3, 2007
2018

South Carolina

Graham, LindseyLindsey Graham
(1955-07-09) July 9, 1955 (age 62)
Lawyer
Air Force Reserve officer
U.S. House
South Carolina House
January 3, 2003
2020

Scott, TimTim Scott
(1965-09-19) September 19, 1965 (age 52)
Insurance agent
Financial adviser
U.S. House
South Carolina House
Charleston County Council
January 2, 2013
2022

South Dakota

Thune, JohnJohn Thune
(1961-01-07) January 7, 1961 (age 57)
Director of a Nonprofit
State Railroad Director
U.S. House
South Dakota Republican Party Executive Director
January 3, 2005
2022

Rounds, MikeMike Rounds
(1954-10-24) October 24, 1954 (age 63)
Businessman
South Dakota Governor
South Dakota Senate
January 3, 2015
2020

Tennessee

Alexander, LamarLamar Alexander
(1940-07-03) July 3, 1940 (age 77)
U.S. Circuit law clerk
Senate staffer
Attorney
Businessman
Tennessee Governor
U.S. Secretary of Education
January 3, 2003
2020

Corker, BobBob Corker
(1952-08-24) August 24, 1952 (age 65)
Construction worker
Construction entrepreneur
Real estate developer
Property manager
Chattanooga Mayor
Commissioner of Finance and Administration for Tennessee
January 3, 2007
2018

Texas

Cornyn, JohnJohn Cornyn
(1952-02-02) February 2, 1952 (age 66)
Lawyer
San Antonio District Judge
Texas Attorney General
Texas Supreme Court
(Associate Justice)
December 1, 2002
2020

Cruz, TedTed Cruz
(1970-12-22) December 22, 1970 (age 47)
SCOTUS law clerk
Lawyer in a law firm

U.S. Assoc. Deputy AG
Texas Solicitor General
January 3, 2013
2018

Utah

Hatch, OrrinOrrin Hatch
(1934-03-22) March 22, 1934 (age 84)
Janitor
Construction worker
Bishop
Lawyer in private practice
None
January 3, 1977
2018

Lee, MikeMike Lee
(1971-06-04) June 4, 1971 (age 46)
U.S. District Law Clerk
U.S. Circuit Law Clerk
Lawyer in a law firm
Governor's General Counsel
Assistant U.S. Attorney
January 3, 2011
2022

Vermont

Leahy, PatrickPatrick Leahy
(1940-03-31) March 31, 1940 (age 78)
Lawyer in a law firm
Chittenden County State's Attorney
January 3, 1975
2022

Sanders, BernieBernie Sanders
(1941-09-08) September 8, 1941 (age 76)
Filmmaker
Carpenter
Writer
Researcher
U.S. House
Burlington Mayor
January 3, 2007
2018

Virginia

Warner, MarkMark Warner
(1954-12-15) December 15, 1954 (age 63)
Businessman
Venture capitalist
Virginia Governor
Virginia Democratic Party Chair
January 3, 2009
2020

Kaine, TimTim Kaine
(1958-02-26) February 26, 1958 (age 60)
Missionary
U.S. Circuit Law Clerk
Lawyer
Teacher
Virginia Governor
Lt. Governor
Democratic National Committee Chair
Mayor of Richmond
January 3, 2013
2018

Washington

Murray, PattyPatty Murray
(1950-10-11) October 11, 1950 (age 67)
Teacher
Lobbyist
Washington Senate
Shoreline School Board
January 3, 1993
2022

Cantwell, MariaMaria Cantwell
(1958-10-13) October 13, 1958 (age 59)
Marketing VP
U.S. House
Washington House
January 3, 2001
2018

West Virginia

Manchin, JoeJoe Manchin
(1947-08-24) August 24, 1947 (age 70)
Corporate president
West Virginia Governor
West Virginia Secretary of State
West Virginia House
West Virginia Senate
November 15, 2010
2018

Capito, Shelley MooreShelley Moore Capito
(1953-11-26) November 26, 1953 (age 64)
College administrator
U.S. House
West Virginia House
January 3, 2015
2020

Wisconsin

Johnson, RonRon Johnson
(1955-04-08) April 8, 1955 (age 63)
Accountant
CEO
None
January 3, 2011
2022

Baldwin, TammyTammy Baldwin
(1962-02-11) February 11, 1962 (age 56)
Lawyer in private practice
U.S. House
Wisconsin Assembly
January 3, 2013
2018

Wyoming

Enzi, MikeMike Enzi
(1944-02-01) February 1, 1944 (age 74)
Salesman
President of a nonprofit
Accountant
CEO
Wyoming House
Wyoming Senate
January 3, 1997
2020

Barrasso, JohnJohn Barrasso
(1952-07-21) July 21, 1952 (age 65)
Physician
Orthopedic surgeon
Medical chief of staff
Nonprofit president
Wyoming Senate
June 25, 2007
2018