document_title: List of NFL franchise post-season droughts

question_text: when was the last time the browns went to playoffs

root

text: Active team droughts[edit]

text: Post-season droughts[edit]

text: Updated through the end of the 2017 NFL season.

tag: p

text:
0^0

Longest drought in team history

tag: table

text:
Playoff Droughts [1][2]

0Team0

Last appearance in post-season

Seasons

Cleveland Browns ^
2002 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

15

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2007 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

10

New York Jets
2010 AFC Championship Game

7

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Championship Game

7

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Divisional Playoffs

4

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Championship Game

4

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs

3

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Championship Game

3

Cincinnati Bengals
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2

Washington Redskins
2015 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

2

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Championship Game

2

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50

2

Miami Dolphins
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1

Oakland Raiders
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1

New York Giants
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

1

Detroit Lions
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

1

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs

1

Dallas Cowboys
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs

1

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs

1

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Championship Game

1

2017 Playoff Teams

Buffalo Bills
2017 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

—

Kansas City Chiefs
2017 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

—

Carolina Panthers
2017 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

—

Los Angeles Rams
2017 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

—

Tennessee Titans
2017 AFC Divisional Playoffs

—

Pittsburgh Steelers
2017 AFC Divisional Playoffs

—

New Orleans Saints
2017 NFC Divisional Playoffs

—

Atlanta Falcons
2017 NFC Divisional Playoffs

—

Jacksonville Jaguars
2017 AFC Championship Game

—

Minnesota Vikings
2017 NFC Championship Game

—

Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl LII

—

New England Patriots
Super Bowl LII

—

text: Playoff game victory droughts[edit]

text:
Updated through the 2017 NFL season.
Sortable table, click on header arrows.

text:
0^0

Longest drought in team history

0♦0

Most consecutive losses in team history

0¤0

Tied for most consecutive losses in team history

0♣ ♣0

Most consecutive losses in NFL history

text:
Current Playoff Loss Streak[1]

Team

Last playoff game win

SeasonsSince Win

Loss Streak

Playoff Losses - Teams

Cincinnati Bengals ^
1990 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

27
♦ 8
1990 Divisional - Los Angeles Raiders2005 Wild Card - Pittsburgh2009 Wild Card - New York Jets2011 Wild Card - Houston2012 Wild Card - Houston2013 Wild Card - San Diego2014 Wild Card - Indianapolis2015 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Detroit Lions
1991 NFC Divisional Playoffs*

26
♣ ♣ 9
1991 NFC Championship - Washington1993 Wild Card - Green Bay1994 Wild Card - Green Bay1995 Wild Card - Philadelphia 1997 Wild Card - Tampa Bay1999 Wild Card - Washington2011 Wild Card - New Orleans2014 Wild Card - Dallas2016 Wild Card - Seattle

Buffalo Bills ^
1995 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

22
♦ 5
1995 Divisional - Pittsburgh1996 Wild Card - Jacksonville1998 Wild Card - Miami1999 Wild Card - Tennessee2017 Wild Card - Jacksonville

Cleveland Browns [a]
1994 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

20**
2
1994 Divisional - Pittsburgh2002 Wild Card - Pittsburgh[a]

Miami Dolphins ^
2000 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

17
4 ¤
2000 Divisional - Oakland2001 Wild Card - Baltimore2008 Wild Card - Baltimore2016 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC Championship*

15
2 ¤
2002 Super Bowl - Tampa Bay2016 Wild Card - Houston

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII*

15
2
2005 Wild Card - Washington2007 Wild Card - New York Giants

Los Angeles Rams
2004 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

13
2
2004 Divisional - Atlanta2017 Wild Card - Atlanta

Washington Redskins
2005 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

12
4 ¤
2005 Divisional - Seattle2007 Wild Card - Seattle2012 Wild Card - Seattle2015 Wild Card - Green Bay

New York Jets
2010 AFC Divisional Playoffs

7
1
2010 AFC Championship - Pittsburgh

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Divisional Playoffs*

7
1
2010 NFC Championship - Green Bay

New York Giants
Super Bowl XLVI

6
1
2016 Wild Card - Green Bay

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

4
1
2013 Divisional - Denver

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Divisional Playoffs

4
1
2013 NFC Championship - Seattle

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

3
1
2014 Divisional - New England

Dallas Cowboys
2014 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

3
2
2014 Divisional - Green Bay2016 Divisional - Green Bay

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs

3
1
2014 AFC Championship - New England

Kansas City Chiefs
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2
3
2015 Divisional - New England2016 Divisional - Pittsburgh2017 Wild Card - Tennessee

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Divisional Playoffs*

2
1
2015 NFC Championship - Carolina

Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC Championship*

2
2
2015 Super Bowl - Denver2017 Wild Card - New Orleans

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50*

2
0
3-game win streak

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1
1
2016 Divisional - New England

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

1
1
2016 Divisional - Atlanta

Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs

1
2
2016 AFC Championship - New England2017 Divisional - Jacksonville

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs

1
1
2016 NFC Championship - Atlanta

2017 Playoff0
 Winners

Tennessee Titans
2017 AFC Wild Card Playoffs

0
1
2017 Divisional - New England

Atlanta Falcons
2017 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

0
1
2017 Divisional - Philadelphia

New Orleans Saints
2017 NFC Wild Card Playoffs

0
1
2017 Divisional - Minnesota

Jacksonville Jaguars
2017 AFC Divisional Playoffs

0
1
2017 AFC Championship - New England

Minnesota Vikings
2017 NFC Divisional Playoffs*

0
1
2017 NFC Championship - Philadelphia

New England Patriots
2017 AFC Championship*

0
1
Super Bowl LII - Philadelphia

Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl LII*

0
0
3-game win streak

Team

Last playoff game win

SeasonsSince Win

Loss Streak

Playoff Losses - Teams

text:
(*): Franchise earned a bye in the Wild Card round.

a  Franchise dormant 1996–1998. Since returning team is 0-1 in playoffs.

text: AFC/NFC Championship game appearance droughts[edit]

text: This is also a list of the last time a particular club won a Divisional playoff game.

text:
0^0

Longest drought in team history

0†0

Tied for longest drought in team history

text:
Drought Reference [1]

Seasons

Team

Last appearancein Conference Championship Game

Result

29
Cincinnati Bengals ^
1988 AFC
Won vs. Buffalo

26
Washington Redskins ^
1991 NFC
Won vs. Detroit

26
Detroit Lions ^
1991 NFC
Lost vs. Washington

25
Miami Dolphins ^
1992 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

25 [d]
Cleveland Browns ^
1989 AFC
Lost vs. Denver

24
Buffalo Bills ^
1993 AFC
Won vs. Kansas City

24
Kansas City Chiefs †
1993 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

22
Dallas Cowboys ^
1995 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

16
Houston Texans ^
1985Never [c]
y —

16
Los Angeles Rams ^ [a]
2001 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2002 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

15
Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC
Won vs. Tennessee

15
Tennessee Titans
2002 AFC
Lost vs. Oakland

10
Los Angeles Chargers [b]
2007 AFC
Lost vs. New England

8
New Orleans Saints
2009 NFC
Won vs. Minnesota

7
New York Jets
2010 AFC
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

7
Chicago Bears
2010 NFC
Lost vs. Green Bay

6
New York Giants
2011 NFC
Won vs. San Francisco

5
Baltimore Ravens
2012 AFC
Won vs. New England

4
San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC
Lost vs. Seattle

3
Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC
Lost vs. New England

3
Seattle Seahawks
2014 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

2
Denver Broncos
2015 AFC
Won vs. New England

2
Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC
Lost vs. Carolina

2
Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC
Won vs. Arizona

1
Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC
Lost vs. New England

1
Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC
Lost vs. Atlanta

1
Atlanta Falcons
2016 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

.75
Z2017  Conference Finalists
2016.5
z

0
Jacksonville Jaguars
2017 AFC
Lost vs. New England

0
Minnesota Vikings
2017 NFC
Lost vs. Philadelphia

0
Philadelphia Eagles
2017 NFC
Won vs. Minnesota

0
New England Patriots
2017 AFC
Won vs. Jacksonville

text:
a  The Los Angeles Rams last appeared in the NFC Championship game as the St. Louis Rams.
b  The Los Angeles Chargers last appeared in the AFC Championship game as the San Diego Chargers.
c  The Texans first played in the 2002 season.
d  The Browns were dormant from 1996–1998. Since returning 19 years ago, the Browns have never played in an AFC Championship Game.

tag: ul

text: Super Bowl or NFL Championship appearance droughts[edit]

text:
Last appearance in Super Bowl orNFL Championship[1][3]

Seasons

Team

Last appearancein Super Bowl

NFLSeason

Result

60
Detroit Lions
 1957 NFL Championship Game
1957
Won vs. Cleveland

49
New York Jets
 Super Bowl III
1968
Won vs. Baltimore Colts

48
Kansas City Chiefs
 Super Bowl IV
1969
Won vs. Minnesota

45 [e]
Cleveland Browns
1969.1 1969 NFL Championship Game
1969
Lost vs. Minnesota

41
Minnesota Vikings
 Super Bowl XI
1976
Lost vs. Oakland

33
Miami Dolphins
 Super Bowl XIX
1984
Lost vs. San Francisco

29
Cincinnati Bengals
 Super Bowl XXIII
1988
Lost vs. San Francisco

26
Washington Redskins
 Super Bowl XXVI
1991
Won vs. Buffalo

24
Buffalo Bills
 Super Bowl XXVIII
1993
Lost vs. Dallas

23
Jacksonville Jaguars
 Never (enfranchised 1995)

z —

23
Los Angeles Chargers [f]
 Super Bowl XXIX
1994
Lost vs. San Francisco

22
Dallas Cowboys
 Super Bowl XXX
1995
Won vs. Pittsburgh

18
Tennessee Titans
 Super Bowl XXXIV
1999
Lost vs. St. Louis Rams

16
Houston Texans
 Never (enfranchised 2002)

z —

16
Los Angeles Rams [g]
 Super Bowl XXXVI
2001
Lost vs. New England

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Won vs. Oakland

15
Oakland Raiders
 Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Lost vs. Tampa Bay

11
Chicago Bears
 Super Bowl XLI
2006
Lost vs. Indianapolis

9
Arizona Cardinals
 Super Bowl XLIII
2008
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

8
New Orleans Saints
 Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Won vs. Indianapolis

8
Indianapolis Colts
 Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Lost vs. New Orleans

7
Green Bay Packers
 Super Bowl XLV
2010
Won vs. Pittsburgh

7
Pittsburgh Steelers
 Super Bowl XLV
2010
Lost vs. Green Bay

6
New York Giants
 Super Bowl XLVI
2011
Won vs. New England

5
Baltimore Ravens
 Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Won vs. San Francisco

5
San Francisco 49ers
 Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Lost vs. Baltimore Ravens

3
Seattle Seahawks
 Super Bowl XLIX
2014
Lost vs. New England

2
Carolina Panthers
 Super Bowl 50
2015
Lost vs. Denver

2
Denver Broncos
 Super Bowl 50
2015
Won vs. Carolina

1
Atlanta Falcons
 Super Bowl LI
2016
Lost vs. New England

.75
ZSuper Bowl LII teams
a
2016a
zz

0
New England Patriots
 Super Bowl LII
2017
Lost vs. Philadelphia

0
Philadelphia Eagles
 Super Bowl LII
2017
Won vs. New England

text:
e  The Browns were dormant from 1996–1998. Since returning 19 seasons ago, Cleveland has never appeared in a Super Bowl or NFL championship game.
f  The Los Angeles Chargers last appeared in the Super Bowl as the San Diego Chargers.
g  The Los Angeles Rams last appeared in the Super Bowl as the St. Louis Rams.

text: Super Bowl win droughts[edit]

text: This list also counts all seasons since a team last won the league championship.

text:
Drought References[1][3]

Seasons

Team

Last Super Bowl crown (1966–present)

NFLSeason

Last League Championship crown  Before 1970 Merger(1920–1969)

Seasons

52
Arizona Cardinals[a]
Never
—
1947 NFL Championship
70

52
Detroit Lions
Never
—
1957 NFL Championship
60

52
Tennessee Titans[b]
Never
—
1961 AFL Championship
56

52
Los Angeles Chargers
Never
—
1963 AFL Championship
54

52
Buffalo Bills
Never
—
1965 AFL Championship
52

49
Cleveland Browns [d]
Never
—
1964 NFL Championship
50

52
Minnesota Vikings
Never
—
1969 NFL Championship[c]
48

52
Atlanta Falcons
Never (enfranchised 1966)
—

50
Cincinnati Bengals
Never (enfranchised 1968)
—

49
New York Jets [e]
Super Bowl III
1968

48
Kansas City Chiefs [e]
Super Bowl IV
1969

44
Miami Dolphins
Super Bowl VIII
1973

34
Oakland Raiders [f]
Super Bowl XVIII
1983

32
Chicago Bears
Super Bowl XX
1985

26
Washington Redskins
Super Bowl XXVI
1991

23
Jacksonville Jaguars
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

23
Carolina Panthers
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

23
San Francisco 49ers
Super Bowl XXIX
1994

22
Dallas Cowboys
Super Bowl XXX
1995

18
Los Angeles Rams [g]
Super Bowl XXXIV
1999

16
Houston Texans
Never (enfranchised 2002)
—

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII
2002

11
Indianapolis Colts
Super Bowl XLI
2006

9
Pittsburgh Steelers
Super Bowl XLIII
2008

8
New Orleans Saints
Super Bowl XLIV
2009

7
Green Bay Packers
Super Bowl XLV
2010

6
New York Giants
Super Bowl XLVI
2011

5
Baltimore Ravens
Super Bowl XLVII
2012

4
Seattle Seahawks
Super Bowl XLVIII
2013

2
Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50
2015

1
New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI
2016

.75
ZDefending champion
2015
z

0
Philadelphia Eagles
Super Bowl LII
2017

text:
a  Team won as the Chicago Cardinals in 1947.
b  Team won as the Houston Oilers in 1961.
c  AFL and NFL league champions met in Super Bowls I thru IV before the 1970 merger (1966–1969). They are not generally counted in the overall league championship list.
d  Browns suspended operations from 1996–1998. Since returning to the league, they have never appeared in or won a Super Bowl.
e  Super Bowl winner was not the NFL league champion till after 1970 merger (Super Bowl V).
f  Team was based in Los Angeles when it won Super Bowl XVIII.
g  Team was based in St. Louis when it won Super Bowl XXXIV.

text: Super Bowl crown droughts by division[edit]

text:
Division

Last Super Bowl crown

Seasons

AFC South
XLI — Colts
11

NFC South
XLIV — Saints
8

NFC North
XLV — Packers
7

AFC North
XLVII — Ravens
5

NFC West
XLVIII — Seahawks
4

AFC West
50 — Broncos
2

AFC East
LI — Patriots
1

NFC East
LII — Eagles
0

text: Cities/regions awaiting first Super Bowl crown[edit]

text:
Listed according to seasons waited.
Current NFL cities/regions only.

text:
Last city to leave list: Philadelphia, 2017 season

City/region

Seasons waited

Conference Title(s)

Team(s)

Notes

Detroit
52
None
Detroit Lions (1966–present)
Played in the 1991 NFC Championship Game. Last NFL Championship won in 1957.

Buffalo
52
1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
Buffalo Bills (1966–present)
Played in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII. Last AFL Championship won in 1965 (pre-merger). Buffalo's previous NFL franchise, the Buffalo All-Americans, claimed an unrecognized 1921 championship.

Atlanta
52
1998, 2016
Atlanta Falcons (1966–present)
Played in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI.

Minneapolis–St. Paul
52
1969, 1973, 1974, 1976
Minnesota Vikings (1966–present)
Played in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI. NFL Championship won in 1969 was last title before formal AFL–NFL merger later in 1970. Previous NFL team, the Minneapolis Marines / Red Jackets, also never won an NFL title.

Cincinnati
50
1981, 1988
Cincinnati Bengals (1968–present)
Played in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII. Previous NFL team, the Cincinnati Celts, never won an NFL title.

Cleveland
49
None
Cleveland Browns (1966–1995, 1999–present)
Played in the 1986, 1987, and 1989 AFC Championship Games.  Last NFL Championship won in 1964 (pre-merger).

Houston
47
None
31 Oilers seasons (1966–1996) and 16 Texans seasons (2002–present)
Played in the 1978 and 1979 AFC Championship Games. The Oilers franchise in Houston won the AFL Championship in 1960 and 1961 (pre-merger).

Phoenix
30
2008
Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals (1988–present)
Played in Super Bowl XLIII.

Jacksonville
23
None
Jacksonville Jaguars (1995–present)
Played in the 1996, 1999 and 2017 AFC Championship Games.

Charlotte
23
2003, 2015
Carolina Panthers (1995–present)
Played in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50.

Nashville
21
1999
Tennessee Oilers/Titans (1997–present)
Played in Super Bowl XXXIV.

text: Division title droughts[edit]

text:
Listed according to seasons waited.
Updated through the 2017 season.

text:
0^0

Longest drought in team history

text:
Franchise

0 0 Most recent0 0  division title

0Year0

Seasons

Cleveland Browns^
AFC Central
1989
25**

Detroit Lions^
NFC Central
1993
24

Buffalo Bills^
AFC East
1995
22

Oakland Raiders^
AFC West
2002
15

New York Jets
AFC East
2002
15

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
NFC South
2007
10

Miami Dolphins^
AFC East
2008
9

Tennessee Titans
AFC South
2008
9

Los Angeles Chargers
AFC West
2009
8

Chicago Bears
NFC North
2010
7

New York Giants
NFC East
2011
6

Baltimore Ravens
AFC North
2012
5

San Francisco 49ers
NFC West
2012
5

Indianapolis Colts
AFC South
2014
3

Cincinnati Bengals
AFC North
2015
2

Denver Broncos
AFC West
2015
2

Washington Redskins
NFC East
2015
2

Carolina Panthers
NFC South
2015
2

Arizona Cardinals
NFC West
2015
2

Houston Texans
AFC South
2016
1

Dallas Cowboys
NFC East
2016
1

Green Bay Packers
NFC North
2016
1

Atlanta Falcons
NFC South
2016
1

Seattle Seahawks
NFC West
2016
1

2017 Division Champions

New England Patriots
AFC East
2017
—

Pittsburgh Steelers
AFC North
2017
—

Jacksonville Jaguars
AFC South
2017
—

Kansas City Chiefs
AFC West
2017
—

Philadelphia Eagles
NFC East
2017
—

Minnesota Vikings
NFC North
2017
—

New Orleans Saints
NFC South
2017
—

Los Angeles Rams
NFC West
2017
—

text: **Does not include the three seasons (1996–1998) during which the franchise suspended operations.

text: Historical team droughts[edit]

text: Closest approaches without winning the Super Bowl[edit]

text:
Counted from the first Super Bowl season, 1966, to present.
Updated through Super Bowl LII.

text:
Last team to leave this list: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles

Team

Wild Card appearances1

Divisional Round appearances2

Conference Championship Game appearances3

Super Bowl appearances

Fewest wins short ofSuper Bowl title

Minnesota Vikings
12
21
9
4
1 win short: 1969, 1973, 1974, 1976

Buffalo Bills
7
10
5
4
1 win short: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993

Cincinnati Bengals
8
6
2
2
1 win short: 1982, 1988

Atlanta Falcons
7
10
4
2
1 win short: 1998, 2016

Carolina Panthers
4
7
4
2
1 win short: 2003, 2015

Los Angeles Chargers
6
10
4
1
1 win short: 1994

Tennessee Titans
13
13
4
1
1 win short: 1999

Arizona Cardinals
4
6
2
1
1 win short: 2008

Cleveland Browns
3
8
6

2 wins short: 1968, 1969, 1986, 1987, 1989

Jacksonville Jaguars
6
5
3

2 wins short: 1996, 1999, 2017

Detroit Lions
8
3
1

2 wins short: 1991

Houston Texans
4
3

3 wins short: 2011, 2012, 2016

text: NFL Championship Game in which neither team had previously won a championship[edit]

text: In these instances, the matchup ensured that one team would win the first NFL or AFL playoff championship in its history.

text:
0♦0

Drought Continues Thru 2017

0^0

Both Teams in 1st Title game

text:
Beginning at Playoff Era (1933)

Season -  Super Bowl #
Won
Lost
Number of years tilldrought ended

1981 - XVI ^
San Francisco 49ers
Cincinnati Bengals ♦
36

1971 - VI
Dallas Cowboys
Miami Dolphins
1

1963 AFL
San Diego Chargers
Boston Patriots
38

1960 AFL ^
Houston Oilers
Los Angeles Chargers
3

1947 ^
Chicago Cardinals
Philadelphia Eagles
1

1936 ^
Green Bay Packers
Boston Redskins
1

1933 ^
Chicago Bears
New York Giants
1

text: Playoff droughts of 5 plus seasons[edit]

text:
0^0

Denotes active streak

text:
Last place NFL finishes

Last place AFL finishes (1960–1969)

text:
List of Droughts[1]

Seasons

Team

Drought Duration

Division or Conference Last Placefinishes during drought

League Worst win-loss record during drought

Last Place

Seasons

25

Washington Redskins

1946–1970

4
1950, 1952, 1960–1961

1961

25

Chicago / St. Louis Cardinals

1949–1973

5
1951, 1953–1954, 1957, 1959

1953, 1954, 1957 tie, 19591959 tie

24

Pittsburgh Steelers

1948–1971

5
1955, 1965, 1967–1969

1965, 1969 tie

20

New Orleans Saints

1967–1986

9
1967, 1970–1972, 1975, 1977, 1980–1981, 1986

19751975 tie, 1980

17

Denver Broncos

1960–1976

8
1960, 1963–1967, 1970–1971

1960, 1963, 1964, 1965 tie, 1967

17

Philadelphia Eagles

1961–1977

7
1962–1963, 1968–1970, 1972, 1975

1968 tie

17

New York Giants

1964–1980

9
1964, 1966, 1971, 1973–1974, 1976–1978, 1980

1964, 1966, 1974 tie

17

Buffalo Bills

2000–2016

8
2001–2002, 2008–2013

—

16

Detroit Lions

1936–1951

4
1942, 1946–1948

1942, 1946, 1948

15

Chicago Cardinals

1932–1946

10
1933, 1935–1936, 1938–1940, 1943–1946

1933, 1938 tie, 1939, 1943, 1944 tie[a], 1945

15

Green Bay Packers

1945–1959

4
1949, 1953, 1957, 1958

1957 tie, 1958

15

St. Louis / Phoenix / Arizona Cardinals

1983–1997

7
1985–1986, 1990–1992, 1995, 1997

—

15 ^

Cleveland Browns

2003–2017

13
2003–2006, 2008–2009, 2011–2017

2015 tie, 2016, 2017

14

Pittsburgh Pirates / Steelers

1933–1946

7
1933–1934, 1938–1939, 1941, 1944–1945

1938 tie, 1941, 1944 tie[a]

14

Philadelphia Eagles

1933–1946

5
1935–1937, 1940, 1942

1935, 1936, 1940

14

Kansas City Chiefs

1972–1985

5
1977–1979, 1983, 1985

19771977 tie

14

Tampa Bay Buccaneers

1983–1996

8
1983, 1985–1986, 1989, 1991, 1993–1995

19831983 tie, 1985 tie, 1986

14

Cincinnati Bengals

1991–2004

6
1991–1993, 1998, 2001–2002

1993, 1998 tie, 2002

13

Chicago Bears

1964–1976

5
1969–1970, 1972–1974

1969 tie

13

San Diego Chargers

1966–1978

3
1972–1973, 1975

1975 tie

13

Oakland Raiders

2003–2015

6
2004–2007, 2013–2014

2003 tie, 2006

12

Detroit Lions

1958–1969

2
1966, 1968

—

12

San Francisco 49ers

1958–1969

3
1963–1964, 1969

1963

12

Boston / New England Patriots

1964–1975

4
1967, 1970, 1972, 1975

1970

12

Atlanta Falcons

1966–1977

3
1967–1968, 1974

1967, 1968 tie

12

St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams

2005–2016

6
2007–2009, 2011, 2013–2014

2009, 2011 tie

11

Los Angeles Rams

1956–1966

4
1956, 1959, 1962, 1965

19591959 tie, 1962

11

New York Jets

1970–1980

1
1980

—

11

Detroit Lions

1971–1981

1
1979

19791979 tie

11

Detroit Lions

2000–2010

6
2001–2003, 2006, 2008–2009

2008

10

Philadelphia Eagles

1950–1959

2
1956, 1958

1956

10

Green Bay Packers

1983–1992

1
1988

—

10

Seattle Seahawks

1989–1998

4
1992–1994, 1996

1992 tie

10 ^

Tampa Bay Buccaneers

2008–2017

7
2009, 2011–2015, 2017

20142014 tie

9

Green Bay Packers

1973–1981

2
1976, 1980

—

9

Baltimore / Indianapolis Colts

1978–1986

4
1978 - 1979, 1982, 1986

1981 tie, 1982

9

San Diego Chargers

1983–1991

4
1984, 1986, 1989, 1991

—

9

Los Angeles / St. Louis Rams

1990–1998

6
1991–1994, 1997–1998

—

9

Arizona Cardinals

1999–2007

4
2000, 2002–2003, 2006

2003 tie

9

Houston Texans

2002–2010

5
2002–2003, 2005–2007

2005

9

Jacksonville Jaguars

2008–2016

4
2008–2009, 2012, 2016

2012 tie

8

New York Titans / Jets

1960–1967

2
1962–1963

—

8

Houston Oilers

1970–1977

4
1970, 1972–1973, 1976

1972, 1973

8

San Francisco 49ers

1973–1980

2
1978–1979

1978, 1979 tie

8

Atlanta Falcons

1983–1990

7
1983–1985, 1987–1990

1987

8

San Diego Chargers

1996–2003

5
1997–1998, 2000–2001, 2003

2000, 2003 tie

8

San Francisco 49ers

2003–2010

2
2004–2005

2004

8

Tennessee Titans

2009–2016

3
2010, 2014–2015

20142014 tie, 2015 tie

7

Cleveland Rams

1937–1944 [b]

2
1937, 1941

1937

7

San Francisco 49ers

1950–1956

0
—

—

7

Oakland Raiders

1960–1966

2
1961–1962

1961, 1962

7

Minnesota Vikings

1961–1967

3
1961, 1966–1967

—

7

Buffalo Bills

1967–1973

2
1968, 1971

19681971

7

Cleveland Browns

1973–1979

3
1974–1975, 1977

—

7

Seattle Seahawks

1976–1982

3
1976, 1980–1981

—

7

Detroit Lions

1984–1990

1
1987

—

7

New England Patriots

1987–1993

2
1990, 1992

1990, 1992 tie

7

Indianapolis Colts

1988–1994

2
1991, 1993

1991

7

New Orleans Saints

1993–1999

3
1995–1996, 1999

—

7

Miami Dolphins

2009–2015

1
2015

—

7 ^

Chicago Bears

2011–2017

4
2014–2017

—

7 ^

New York Jets

2011–2017

3
2014, 2016–2017

—

6

Chicago Bears

1957–1962

0
—

—

6

Dallas Cowboys

1960–1965

1
1960

1960

6

St. Louis Cardinals

1976–1981

2
1979, 1981

—

6

Houston Oilers

1981–1986

4
1983–1986

19831983 tie

6

Buffalo Bills

1982–1987

2
1984–1985

1984, 1985 tie

6

Philadelphia Eagles

1982–1987

1
1984

—

6

New York Jets

1992–1997

3
1994–1996

1995, 1996

6

Washington Redskins

1993–1998

2
1993–1994

—

6

Los Angeles / Oakland Raiders

1994–1999

0
—

—

6

Chicago Bears

1995–2000

4
1997–2000

—

6

Carolina Panthers

1997–2002

2
2001–2002

2001

6

Miami Dolphins

2002–2007

3
2004, 2006–2007

2007

5

New York Giants

1951–1955

0
—

—

5

Chicago Bears

1951–1955

0
—

—

5

Baltimore Colts

1953–1957

1
1954

—

5

Cleveland Browns

1959–1963

0
—

—

5

Buffalo Bills

1975–1979

2
1976–1977

—

5

Cincinnati Bengals

1976–1980

3
1978–1980

—

5

Washington Redskins

1977–1981

0
—

—

5

Cincinnati Bengals

1983–1987

1
1987

—

5

Dallas Cowboys

1986–1990

2
1988, 1989

1988, 1989

5

Houston / Tennessee Oilers

1994–1998

1
1994

1994

5

Kansas City Chiefs

1998–2002

1
2002

—

5

Washington Redskins

2000–2004

1
2004

—

5

Jacksonville Jaguars

2000–2004

0
—

—

5

New Orleans Saints

2001–2005

1
2005

—

5

Denver Broncos

2006–2010

1
2010

—

Seasons

Team

Drought Duration

Last Place

Seasons

League Worst win-loss record during drought

Division or Conference Last Placefinishes during drought

text: Most consecutive post-season losses in team history[edit]

text: This is a sortable table of all 32 current NFL teams. Ten teams have multiple losing streaks where they lost an equal number of post season games before breaking the drought.

text: Updated through the 2017 season.

text:
0^0

Denotes active drought

text:
Team

Streak lasted

Last win

Games Lost

Playoff Losses

Score

Opponent

Next win

Arizona Cardinals
 51 years
1947  Championship

4
1948 NFL Champ.1974 Div.1975 Div.1982 1st Round

0–714–3023–3516–41

EaglesVikingsRamsPackers

1998 Wild Card

Atlanta Falcons
  8 years

2004 Divisional

4

2004 NFC Champ. 2008 Wild Card 2010 Div. 2011 Wild Card

10–2724–3021–482–24

EaglesCardinalsPackersGiants

2012 Divisional

Baltimore Ravens
  7 years
2001 Wild Card
3

2001 Div.2003 Wild Card 2006 Div.

10–2717–206–15

SteelersTitansColts

2008 Wild Card

Buffalo Bills^
  22 years
1995 Wild Card
5

1995 Div.1996 Wild Card  1998 Wild Card 1999 Wild Card 2017 Wild Card

21–4027–3017–2416–223–10

SteelersJaguarsDolphinsTitansJaguars

TBD

Carolina Panthers
  8 years
2005 Divisional
3

2005 NFC Champ.2008 Div. 2013 Div.

14–3413–3310–23

SeahawksCardinals49ers

2014 Wild Card

Chicago Bears
 12 years
1994 Wild Card
3

1994 Div.2001 Div.2005 Div.

15–4419–3321–29

49ersEaglesPanthers

2006 Divisional

Cincinnati Bengals^
 27 years
1990 Wild Card
8

1990 Div.2005 Wild Card2009 Wild Card 2011 Wild Card2012 Wild Card2013 Wild Card2014 Wild Card2015 Wild Card

10–2017–3114–2410–3113–1910–2710–2616–18

RaidersSteelersJetsTexansTexansChargersColtsSteelers

TBD

Cleveland Browns
 17 years
1969 Divisional
6

1969 NFL Champ.1971 Div.1972 Div.1980 Div.1982 1st Round1985 Div.

7–273–2014–2012–1410–2721–24

VikingsColtsDolphinsRaidersRaidersDolphins

1986 Divisional

Dallas Cowboys
 13 years
1996Wild Card
6

1996 Div.1998 Wild Card1999 Wild Card2003 Wild Card2006 Wild Card2007 Div.

17–267–2010–2710–2920–2117–21

PanthersCardinalsVikingsPanthersSeahawksGiants

2009 Wild Card

Denver Broncos
 9 years
1977 Conference Championship
5

Super Bowl XII 1978 Div.1979 Wild Card1983 Wild Card1984 Div.

10–2710–337–137–3117–24

CowboysSteelersOilersSeahawksSteelers

1986 Divisional

Detroit Lions^
 26 years
1991Divisional
9

1991 NFC Champ.1993 Wild Card1994 Wild Card1995 Wild Card1997 Wild Card1999 Wild Card2011 Wild Card2014 Wild Card2016 Wild Card

10–4124–2812–1637–5810–2013–2728–4520–246-26

RedskinsPackersPackersEaglesBuccaneersRedskinsSaintsCowboysSeahawks

TBD

Green Bay Packers005 (2 loss) streaks
 4 years
1997 Conference Championship
2

Super Bowl XXXII1998 Wild Card

24–3127–30

Broncos49ers

2001 Wild Card

 2 years
2001Wild Card
2

2001 Div.2002 Wild Card

17–457–27

RamsFalcons

2003 Wild Card

 4 years
2003Wild Card
2

2003 Div.2004 Wild Card

17–20 (OT)17–31

EaglesVikings

2007 Divisional

 3 years
2007Divisional
2

2007 NFC Champ.2009 Wild Card

20–23 (OT)45–51 (OT)

GiantsCardinals

2010 Wild Card

 2 years
2012Wild Card
2

2012 Div.2013 Wild Card

31–4520–23

49ers49ers

2014 Divisional

Houston Texans
 4 years
2012 Wild Card
2
2012 Divisional2015 Wild Card
28–410–30
PatriotsChiefs
2016 Wild Card

Indianapolis Colts002 (5 loss) streaks
24 years
1971Divisional
5

1971 AFC Champ.1975 Div.1976 Div.1977 Div.1987 Div.

0–2110–2814–4031–37 (2 OT)21–38

DolphinsSteelersSteelersRaidersBrowns

1995 Wild Card

 8 years
1995Divisional
5

1995 AFC Champ.1996 Wild Card1999 Div.2000 Wild Card2002 Wild Card

16–2014–4216–1917–23 (OT)0–41

SteelersSteelersTitansDolphinsJets

2003 Wild Card

Jacksonville Jaguars002 (2 loss) streaks
2 years
1996 Divisional
2

1996 AFC Champ.1997 Wild Card

6–2017–42

PatriotsBroncos

1998 Wild Card

 8 years
1999Divisional
2

1999 AFC Champ.2005 Wild Card

14–333–28

TitansPatriots

2007 Wild Card

Kansas City Chiefs
 21 years
1993Divisional
8

1993 AFC Champ.1994 Wild Card1995 Div.1997 Div.2003 Div.2006 Wild Card2010 Wild Card2013 Wild Card

13–3017–277–1010–1431–388–237–3044–45

BillsDolphinsColtsBroncosColtsColtsRavensColts

2015 Wild Card

Los Angeles Chargers
 13 years
1994AFC Championship
4

Super Bowl XXIX1995 Wild Card2004 Wild Card2006 Div.

26–4920–3517–20 (OT)21–24

49ersColtsJetsPatriots

2007 Wild Card

Los Angeles Rams
 23 years
1951Championship
5

1952 Nat. Conf.1955 NFL Champ.1967 NFL W Conf.1969 NFL W Conf.1973 Div.

21–3114–387–2820–2316–27

LionsBrownsPackersVikingsCowboys

1974 Divisional

Miami Dolphins ^002 (4 loss) streaks
 9 years
1973Super Bowl
4

1974 Div.1978 Wild Card1979 Div.1981 Div.

26–289–1714–3438–41 (OT)

RaidersOilersSteelersChargers

1982 First Round

 17 years
2000Wild Card
4

2000 Div.2001 Wild Card2008 Wild Card2016 Wild Card

0–273–209–2712–30

RaidersRavensRavensSteelers

TBD

Minnesota Vikings
 9 years
1988Wild Card
6

1988 Div.1989 Div.1992 Wild Card1993 Wild Card1994 Wild Card1996 Wild Card

9–3413–417–2410–1718–3515–45

49ers49ersRedskinsGiantsBearsCowboys

1997 Wild Card

New England Patriots
 22 years
1963Divisional
4

1963 AFL Champ.1976 Div.1978 Div.1982 1st Round

10–5121–2414–3113–28

ChargersRaidersOilersDolphins

1985 Wild Card

New Orleans Saints
 32 years
1967 EnfranchisedNo Playoff Wins till 2000
4

1987 Wild Card1990 Wild Card1991 Wild Card1992 Wild Card

10–446–1620–2720–36

VikingsBearsFalconsEagles

2000 Wild Card

New York Giants
 18 years
1938Championship
6

1939 NFL Champ.1941 NFL Champ.1943 East  Div.1944 NFL Champ.1946 NFL Champ.1950 Am. Conf.

0–279–370–287–1414–243–8

PackersBearsRedskinsPackersBearsBrowns

1956 Championship

New York Jets 005 (2 loss) streaks
 14 years
1968Super Bowl III
2

1969 AFL Div.1981 Wild Card

6–1327–31

ChiefsBills

1982 First Round

 4 years
1982 2nd Round
2

1982 AFC Champ.1985 Wild Card

0–1414–26

DolphinsPatriots

1986 Wild Card

 12 years
1986 Wild Card
2

1986 Div.1991 Wild Card

20–23 (2 OT)10–17

BrownsOilers

1998 Divisional

 4 years
1998 Divisional
2

1998 AFC Champ.2001 Wild Card

10–2324–38

BroncosRaiders

2002 Wild Card

 5 years
2004 Wild Card
2

2004 Divisional2006 Wild Card

17–20 (OT)16–37

SteelersPatriots

2009 Wild Card

Oakland Raiders ^004 (2 loss) streaks
 3 years
1970Divisional
2

1970 AFC Champ.1972 Div.

17–277–13

ColtsSteelers

1973 Divisional

 7 years
1983 Super Bowl XVIII
2

1984 Wild Card1985 Div.

7–1320–27

SeahawksPatriots

1990 Divisional

 3 years
1990 Divisional
2

1990 AFC Champ.1991 Wild Card

3–516–10

BillsChiefs

1993 Wild Card

 15 years
2002 AFC Championship
2

Super Bowl XXXVIII 2016 Wild Card

24-4114-27

BucsTexans

TBD

Philadelphia Eagles
 12 years
1980ConferenceChampionship
5

Super Bowl XV1981 Wild Card1988 Div.1989 Wild Card1990 Wild Card

10–2721–2712–207–216–20

RaidersGiantsBearsRamsRedskins

1992 Wild Card

Pittsburgh Steelers002 (3 loss) streaks
 5 years
1989Wild Card
3

1989 Div.1992 Div.1993 Wild Card

23–243–2424–27

BroncosBillsChiefs

1994 Divisional

4 years
2010 AFC Championship
3
Super Bowl XLV2011 Wild Card2014 Wild Card
25–3123–2917–30
PackersBroncosRavens
2015 Wild Card

San Francisco 49ers
4 years
1984Super Bowl XIX
3

1985 Wild Card1986 Div.1987 Div.

3–173–4924–36

GiantsGiantsVikings

1988 Divisional

Seattle Seahawks
 21 years
1984Wild Card
6

1984 Div.1987 Wild Card1988 Div.1999 Wild Card2003 Wild Card2004 Wild Card

10–3120–23 (OT)13–2117–2027–33 (OT)20–27

DolphinsOilersBengalsDolphinsPackersRams

2005 Divisional

Tampa Bay Buccaneers 002 (3 loss) streaks
 18 years
1979Divisional
3

1979 NFC Champ.1981 Div.1982 1st Round

0–90–3817–30

RamsCowboysCowboys

1997 Wild Card

3 years
1999Divisional
3

1999 NFC Champ.2000 Wild Card2001 Wild Card

6–113–219–31

RamsEaglesEagles

2002 Divisional

Tennessee Titans 004 (3 loss) streaks
 17 years
1961 AFLChampionship
3

1962 AFL Champ.1967 AFL Champ.1969 AFL Div.

17–20 (2 OT)7–407–56

Dallas TexansRaidersRaiders

1978 Wild Card

 3 years
1988Wild Card
3

1988 Div.1989 Wild Card1990 Wild Card

10–1723–26 (OT)14–41

BillsSteelersBengals

1991 Wild Card

 8 years
1991Wild Card
3

1991 Divisional1992 Wild Card1993 Divisional

24–2638–41 (OT)20–28

BroncosBillsChiefs

1999 Wild Card

 13 years
2003Wild Card
3

2003 Div.2007 Wild Card2008 Div.

14–176–1710–13

PatriotsChargersRavens

2017 Wild Card

Washington Redskins ^002 (4 loss) streaks
 10 years
1972NFC Championship
4

Super Bowl VII1973 Div.1974 Div.1976 Div.

7–1420–2710–1920–35

DolphinsVikingsRamsVikings

1982 First Round

 12 years
2005Wild Card
4

2005 Div.2007 Wild Card2012 Wild Card2015 Wild Card

10–2014–3514–2418–35

SeahawksSeahawksSeahawksPackers

TBD

Team

Streak lasted

Last win

Games Lost

Playoff Games

Score

Opponent

Next win

text: Longest post-season droughts in team history[edit]

text: Note that the NFL did not institute a permanent playoff tournament until 1967 and that the NFL Championship Game and any impromptu one-game playoffs (played only in the event of a tie atop the division standings) were the only postseason matchups in this era. The Bert Bell Benefit Bowl (1960-1969) is considered an exhibition game for the purpose of this list.

text: Updated through the 2017 season.

text:
0^0

Denotes active streak

text:
No post season appearances

Team

Longest streak with no post-season appearances

Seasons

Washington Redskins
1946–1970
25

Arizona Cardinals
1949–1973
25

Pittsburgh Steelers
1948–1971
24

New Orleans Saints
1967–1986
20

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1977
17

New York Giants
1964–1980
17

Buffalo Bills
2000–2016
17

Detroit Lions
1936–1951
16

Green Bay Packers
1945–1959
15

Cleveland Browns^
2003–2017^
15

Kansas City Chiefs
1972–1985
14

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1983–1996
14

Cincinnati Bengals
1991–2004
14

Chicago Bears
1964–1976
13

Los Angeles Chargers
1966–1978
13

Oakland Raiders
2003–2015
13

San Francisco 49ers
1958–1969
12

New England Patriots
1964–1975
12

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977
12

Los Angeles Rams
2005–2016
12

New York Jets
1970–1980
11

Seattle Seahawks
1989–1998
10

Indianapolis Colts
1978–1986
9

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars
2008–2016
9

Tennessee Titans
1970–19772009–2016
8

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1967
7

Miami Dolphins
2009–2015
7

Dallas Cowboys
1960–1965
6

Carolina Panthers
1997–2002
6

Baltimore Ravens
1996–1999
4

Team

Longest streak with no post-season appearances

Seasons

No post season victories

Team

Longest streak with no post-season victories

Seasons

Arizona Cardinals
1948–1997
50

Pittsburgh Steelers
1933–1971
39

Detroit Lions
1958–1990
33

New Orleans Saints
1967–1999
33

Washington Redskins
1944–1971
28

Cincinnati Bengals^
1991–2017^
27

Indianapolis Colts
1972–1994
23

Los Angeles Rams
1952–1973
22

New York Giants
1959–1980
22

Buffalo Bills^
1996–2017^
22

New England Patriots
1964–1984
21

Kansas City Chiefs
1970–1990 1994–2014
21

San Francisco 49ers
1950–1969
20

Chicago Bears
1964–1983
20

Seattle Seahawks
1985–2004
20

Cleveland Browns^
1995, 1999–2017^
20

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1978
18

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1980–1996
17

Miami Dolphins^
2001–2017^
17

Green Bay Packers
1945–1960
16

Tennessee Titans
1962–1977
16

Los Angeles Chargers
1964–1979
16

Oakland Raiders^
2003–2017^
15

New York Jets
1969–1981
13

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977;1979–1990
12

Dallas Cowboys
1997–2008
12

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars
2008–2016
9

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1968;1989–1996
8

Carolina Panthers
2006–2013
8

Baltimore Ravens
2002–2007
6

Team

Longest streak with no post-season victories

Seasons


document_title: List of National Football League career passing yards leaders

question_text: who holds the record for most passing yards in nfl

text: Players with at least 30'000 passing yards[edit]

text:
Key

^
Inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame

*
Denotes player who is still active in the NFL

text: Through end of 2017 season.

text:
Rank
Player
Team(s) by season
Yards

1
Peyton Manning
Indianapolis Colts (1998–2011)
Denver Broncos (2012–2015)
71,940

2
Brett Favre^
Atlanta Falcons (1991)
Green Bay Packers (1992–2007)
New York Jets (2008)
Minnesota Vikings (2009–2010)
71,838

3
Drew Brees*
San Diego Chargers (2001–2005)
New Orleans Saints (2006–present)
70,445

4
Tom Brady*
New England Patriots (2000–present)
66,159

5
Dan Marino^
Miami Dolphins (1983–1999)
61,361

6
Eli Manning*
New York Giants (2004–present)
51,682

7
John Elway^
Denver Broncos (1983–1998)
51,475

8
Ben Roethlisberger*
Pittsburgh Steelers (2004–present)
51,065

9
Philip Rivers*
San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers (2004–present)
50,348

10
Warren Moon^
Houston Oilers (1984–1993)
Minnesota Vikings (1994–1996)
Seattle Seahawks (1997–1998)
Kansas City Chiefs (1999–2000)
49,325

11
Fran Tarkenton^
Minnesota Vikings (1961–1966, 1972–1978)
New York Giants (1967–1971)
47,003

12
Carson Palmer
Cincinnati Bengals (2003–2010)
Oakland Raiders (2011–2012)
Arizona Cardinals (2013–2017)
46,247

13
Vinny Testaverde
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1987–1992)
Cleveland Browns (1993–1995)
Baltimore Ravens (1996–1997)
New York Jets (1998–2003, 2005)
Dallas Cowboys (2004)
New England Patriots (2006)
Carolina Panthers (2007)
46,233

14
Drew Bledsoe
New England Patriots (1993–2001)
Buffalo Bills (2002–2004)
Dallas Cowboys (2005–2006)
44,611

15
Dan Fouts^
San Diego Chargers (1973–1987)
43,040

16
Matt Ryan*
Atlanta Falcons (2008–present)
41,796

17
Kerry Collins
Carolina Panthers (1995–1998)[a])
New Orleans Saints (1998)
New York Giants (1999–2003)
Oakland Raiders (2004–2005)
Tennessee Titans (2006–2010)
Indianapolis Colts (2011)
40,922

18
Joe Montana^
San Francisco 49ers (1979–1992)
Kansas City Chiefs (1993–1994)
40,551

19
Johnny Unitas^
Baltimore Colts (1956–1972)
San Diego Chargers (1973)
40,239

20
Aaron Rodgers*
Green Bay Packers (2005–present)
38,502

21
Dave Krieg
Seattle Seahawks (1980–1991)
Kansas City Chiefs (1992–1993)
Detroit Lions (1994)
Arizona Cardinals (1995)
Chicago Bears (1996)
Tennessee Oilers (1997–1998)
38,147

22
Boomer Esiason
Cincinnati Bengals (1984–1992)
New York Jets (1993–1995)
Arizona Cardinals (1996)
Cincinnati Bengals (1997)
37,920

23
Donovan McNabb
Philadelphia Eagles (1999–2009)
Washington Redskins (2010)
Minnesota Vikings (2011)
37,276

24
Matt Hasselbeck
Green Bay Packers (1998–2000)
Seattle Seahawks (2001–2010)
Tennessee Titans (2011–2012)
Indianapolis Colts (2013–2015)
36,638

25
Joe Flacco*
Baltimore Ravens (2008–present)
35,780

26
Jim Kelly^
Buffalo Bills (1986–1996)
35,467

27
Jay Cutler
Denver Broncos (2006–2008)
Chicago Bears (2009–2016)
Miami Dolphins (2017)
35,133

28
Jim Everett
Los Angeles Rams (1986–1993)
New Orleans Saints (1994–1996)
San Diego Chargers (1997)
34,837

29
Matthew Stafford*
Detroit Lions (2009–present)
34,749

30
Jim Hart
St. Louis Cardinals (1966–1983
Washington Redskins 1984)
34,665

31
Steve DeBerg
San Francisco 49ers (1978–1980)
Denver Broncos (1981–1983)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1984–1987, 1992–1993[b])
Kansas City Chiefs (1988–1991)
Miami Dolphins (1993)
Atlanta Falcons (1998)
34,241

32
Tony Romo
Dallas Cowboys (2003–2016)
34,183

33
John Hadl
San Diego Chargers (1962–1972)
Los Angeles Rams (1973–1974[c])
Green Bay Packers (1974–1975)
Houston Oilers (1976–1977)
33,503

34
Phil Simms
New York Giants (1979–1993)
33,462

35
Steve Young^
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1985–1986
San Francisco 49ers (1987–1999)
33,124

36
Troy Aikman^
Dallas Cowboys (1989–2000)
32,942

37
Ken Anderson
Cincinnati Bengals (1971–1986)
32,838

38
Kurt Warner^
St. Louis Rams (1998–2003)
New York Giants (2004)
Arizona Cardinals (2005–2009)
32,344

39
Sonny Jurgensen^
Philadelphia Eagles (1957–1963)
Washington Redskins (1964–1974)
32,224

40
Mark Brunell
Green Bay Packers (1993–1994)
Jacksonville Jaguars (1995–2003)
Washington Redskins (2004–2006)
New Orleans Saints (2008–2009)
New York Jets (2010–2011)
32,072

41
Alex Smith*
San Francisco 49ers (2005–2012)
Kansas City Chiefs (2013–2017)
Washington Redskins (2018–present)
31,888

42
John Brodie
San Francisco 49ers (1957–1973)
31,548

43
Steve McNair
Houston / Tennessee Oilers / Titans (1995–2005)
Baltimore Ravens (2006–2007)
31,304

44
Norm Snead
Washington Redskins (1961–1963)
Philadelphia Eagles (1964–1970)
Minnesota Vikings (1971)
New York Giants (1972–1974, 1976)
San Francisco 49ers (1974–1975)
30,797

text: Note: Y. A. Tittle passed for 33,070 yards in his professional career. However, 4,731 of those yards came in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). The NFL does not recognize statistics and records accrued in the AAFC.[1][2] As such, his career passing yards total in the NFL stands at 28,339.[3]

text: Active players with 25,000–29,999 yards[edit]

text: Through end of 2017 season; numbers in yards

text:
Ryan Fitzpatrick, 26,991
Andy Dalton, 25,756
Cam Newton, 25,254

text: Historical passing yards leaders[edit]

text: Nine players are recognized as having held the record as the NFL's career passing yardage leader.[4] The longest record holder was Fran Tarkenton who held the record for 19 years.

text:
Reign
Player
Team(s) while leader
Career passing yards
Season

1932–1942
(11 years)
Arnie Herber^
[5]
Green Bay Packers (1932–1940)
639
1932

1,295
1933

2,094
1934

2,823
1935

4,062
1936

4,746
1937

5,082
1938

6,189
1939

6,749
1940

1941

1942

1943–1958
(16 years)
Sammy Baugh^
[6]
Washington Redskins (1943-1952)
8,379
1943

9,228
1944

10,897
1945

12,060
1946

14,998
1947

17,597
1948

19,500
1949

20,630
1950

21,734
1951

21,886
1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959–1963
(5 years)
Bobby Layne^
[7]
Pittsburgh Steelers (1959–1962)
22,063
1959

23,877
1960

25,082
1961

26,768
1962

1963

1964–1967
(4 years)
Y. A. Tittle^
[3]
New York Giants (1964)
28,339
1964

1965

1966

1967

1968–1975
(8 years)
Johnny Unitas^
[8]
Baltimore Colts (1968–1972)
San Diego Chargers (1973)
33,160
1968

35,502
1969

37,715
1970

38,657
1971

39,768
1972

40,239
1973

1974

1975

1976–1994
(19 years)
Fran Tarkenton^
[9]
Minnesota Vikings (1976–1978)
41,801
1976

43,535
1977

47,003
1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995–2007
(12 years)
Dan Marino^
[10]
Miami Dolphins (1983–1999)
48,841
1995

51,636
1996

55,416
1997

58,913
1998

61,361
1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007–2015
(8 years)
Brett Favre^
[11]
Green Bay Packers (2007)
New York Jets (2008)
Minnesota Vikings (2009–2010)
61,655
2007

65,127
2008

69,329
2009

71,838
2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015–present
(3 years)
Peyton Manning
[12]
Denver Broncos (2015)
71,940
2015

2016

2017


document_title: List of dams and reservoirs in Sri Lanka

question_text: what is the largest dam in sri lanka

question_tokens: what is the largest dam in sri lanka

text: The following page lists most dams in Sri Lanka. Most of these dams are governed by the Mahaweli Authority, while the Ceylon Electricity Board operates dams used for hydroelectric power generation. Hydroelectric dams, including small hydros accounts for nearly half of the installed power capacity of Sri Lanka.

text: Sri Lanka is pockmarked with a large number of irrigation dams with its water resource distributed across nearly the entirety of the island for agricultural purposes via artificial canals and streams. Utilization of hydro resources for agricultural production dates back pre-Colonial era, with current crop productions now largely dependand on these water resources.

text: Dams in Sri Lanka[edit]

text: Irrigation dams with a length and height of more than 100 m (330 ft) and 10 m (33 ft) are listed, including all the state-run hydroelectric power stations. Privately owned "small-hydro" facilities (which are limited to a maximum nameplate capacity of 10 MW), are not included in this list. Nearly all hydroelectric dams are also used for providing water resource for irrigation purposes, hence for the sake of identifying the hydroelectric dams, any dam with hydroelectric involvement is stated as such in the below table, even if the primary purpose of building the dam is to retain water for irrigation.

text:
Dam
Location
Purpose
Length
(m)
Height
(m)
Gen.
Type
Ref

Bowatenna
07°40′00″N 80°40′00″E / 7.66667°N 80.66667°E / 7.66667; 80.66667 (Bowatenna Dam)
Hydroelectricity
226
30
40
Gravity

Broadlands
06°58′50″N 80°27′09″E / 6.98056°N 80.45250°E / 6.98056; 80.45250 (Broadlands Hydropower Project)
Hydroelectricity
114
24
35
Gravity
[1]

Canyon
06°52′18″N 80°31′34″E / 6.87167°N 80.52611°E / 6.87167; 80.52611 (Canyon Dam)
Hydroelectricity

100
Arch-gravity

Castlereigh
06°52′24″N 80°33′59″E / 6.87333°N 80.56639°E / 6.87333; 80.56639 (Castlereigh Dam)
Hydroelectricity

50
Gravity

Deduru Oya
07°43′06″N 80°16′28″E / 7.71833°N 80.27444°E / 7.71833; 80.27444 (Deduru Oya Dam)
Hydroelectricity
2,400
20
1.5
Embankment
[2]

Dyraaba
06°53′13″N 80°57′23″E / 6.88694°N 80.95639°E / 6.88694; 80.95639 (Dyraaba Dam)
Hydroelectricity
165
50
120
Gravity
[3]

Gal Oya
07°12′37″N 81°32′10″E / 7.21028°N 81.53611°E / 7.21028; 81.53611 (Gal Oya Dam)
Hydroelectricity
1,100
43
12
Embankment

Inginimitiya
07°56′40″N 80°07′54″E / 7.94444°N 80.13167°E / 7.94444; 80.13167 (Inginimitiya Dam)
Irrigation
4,880
18
N/A
Embankment

Kalu Ganga
07°33′35″N 80°50′09″E / 7.55972°N 80.83583°E / 7.55972; 80.83583 (Kalu Ganga Dam)
Irrigation
546
67
N/A
Gravity

Kandalama
07°53′00″N 80°41′40″E / 7.88333°N 80.69444°E / 7.88333; 80.69444 (Kandalama Dam)
Irrigation
1,600
21
N/A
Embankment

Kantale
08°21′40″N 80°59′29″E / 8.36111°N 80.99139°E / 8.36111; 80.99139 (Kantale Dam)
Irrigation
4,200
15
N/A
Embankment

Kotmale
07°03′39″N 80°35′50″E / 7.06083°N 80.59722°E / 7.06083; 80.59722 (Kotmale Dam)
Hydroelectricity
600
87
201
Gravity

Kukule Ganga
06°34′48″N 80°19′37″E / 6.58000°N 80.32694°E / 6.58000; 80.32694 (Kukule Ganga Dam)
Hydroelectricity
110
20
80
Gravity

Laxapana
06°55′08″N 80°29′22″E / 6.91889°N 80.48944°E / 6.91889; 80.48944 (Laxapana Dam)
Hydroelectricity

75
Gravity

Lunugamwehera
06°21′11″N 81°12′09″E / 6.35306°N 81.20250°E / 6.35306; 81.20250 (Lunugamwehera Dam)
Irrigation

N/A
Embankment

Maduru Oya
07°38′53″N 81°12′50″E / 7.64806°N 81.21389°E / 7.64806; 81.21389 (Maduru Oya Dam)
Irrigation
1,090
41
N/A
Embankment

Maskeliya
06°50′37″N 80°32′56″E / 6.84361°N 80.54889°E / 6.84361; 80.54889 (Maskeliya Dam)
Hydroelectricity

60
Gravity

Moragahakanda
07°42′17″N 80°46′59″E / 7.70472°N 80.78306°E / 7.70472; 80.78306 (Moragahakanda Dam)
Hydroelectricity

65
25
Gravity
[4][5][6]

Moragolla

Hydroelectricity

35
30
Gravity
[7]

Norton
06°54′50″N 80°31′18″E / 6.91389°N 80.52167°E / 6.91389; 80.52167 (Norton Dam)
Hydroelectricity

50
Gravity

Nilambe
07°11′18″N 80°37′52″E / 7.18833°N 80.63111°E / 7.18833; 80.63111 (Nilambe Dam)
Hydroelectricity
70

3.2
Gravity

Polgolla
07°19′18″N 80°38′42″E / 7.32167°N 80.64500°E / 7.32167; 80.64500 (Polgolla Barrage)
Hydroelectricity
144
14.6
40
Gravity

Puhulpola
06°54′51″N 80°56′00″E / 6.91417°N 80.93333°E / 6.91417; 80.93333 (Puhulpola Dam)
Irrigation
175
45
NA
Gravity
[3]

Rajanganaya
08°08′30″N 80°13′23″E / 8.14167°N 80.22306°E / 8.14167; 80.22306 (Rajanganaya Dam)
Irrigation

N/A
Embankment

Randenigala
07°12′00″N 80°55′30″E / 7.20000°N 80.92500°E / 7.20000; 80.92500 (Randenigala Dam)
Hydroelectricity
485
94
126
Embankment

Rambakan Oya
07°33′53″N 81°27′17″E / 7.56472°N 81.45472°E / 7.56472; 81.45472 (Rambakan Oya Dam)
Irrigation
1225
24.7
N/A
Embankment

Rantembe
07°12′00″N 80°57′00″E / 7.20000°N 80.95000°E / 7.20000; 80.95000 (Rantembe Dam)
Hydroelectricity
420
42
52
Gravity

Ratkinda
07°30′30″N 81°03′24″E / 7.50833°N 81.05667°E / 7.50833; 81.05667 (Ratkinda Dam)
Irrigation
4,960
25
N/A
Embankment
[8]

Samanala
06°40′54″N 80°47′54″E / 6.68167°N 80.79833°E / 6.68167; 80.79833 (Samanala Dam)
Hydroelectricity
530
110
124
Embankment

Udawalawe
06°26′02″N 80°51′15″E / 6.43389°N 80.85417°E / 6.43389; 80.85417 (Udawalawe Dam)
Hydroelectricity
3,900

6
Embankment

Ulhitiya
07°28′20″N 81°03′17″E / 7.47222°N 81.05472°E / 7.47222; 81.05472 (Ulhitiya Dam)
Irrigation

N/A
Embankment

Upper Kotmale
06°56′48″N 80°39′29″E / 6.94667°N 80.65806°E / 6.94667; 80.65806 (Upper Kotmale Dam)
Hydroelectricity
180
35
150
Gravity
[9][10]

Victoria
07°14′29″N 80°47′05″E / 7.24139°N 80.78472°E / 7.24139; 80.78472 (Victoria Dam)
Hydroelectricity
520
122
210
Arch
[11]


document_title: Off with Their Heads

question_text: who said the phrase off with their heads

text: Off with Their Heads

text: Off with Their Heads may refer to:

text:
Off with Their Heads (band), an American punk band
Off with Their Heads (album), a 2008 album by Kaiser Chiefs
"Off with Their Heads" (song), a 2012 song by Devlin
"Off with their heads!", a phrase spoken by the Queen of Hearts in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland


document_title: Oliver & Company

question_text: what are the dobermans names in oliver and company

text: Oliver & Company

text: Plot

text: On Fifth Avenue, an orphaned kitten named Oliver is left abandoned after his fellow orphaned kittens are adopted by passersby. Wandering the streets by himself in search of someone to adopt him, Oliver meets a laid-back mongrel named Dodger who assists the kitten in stealing food from a hot dog vendor named Louie. Dodger then flees the scene without sharing his bounty with Oliver. Oliver follows Dodger all throughout the streets until he eventually arrives at the barge of his owner, a pickpocket named Fagin, along with his meal, to give to his friends: Tito the chihuahua, Einstein the Great Dane, Rita the Afghan Hound, and Francis the bulldog. Oliver sneaks inside, located below the docks, and is discovered by the dogs. After a moment of confusion, he is then received with a warm welcome. Fagin comes in and explains that he is running out of time to repay the money he borrowed from Sykes, a nefarious shipyard agent and loan shark. Sykes tells Fagin that the money must be paid in three days, under the threat of resolving to violence. Sykes's dobermans, Roscoe and DeSoto, attack Oliver, but the cat is defended by Fagin's dogs. Immediately thereafter, a depressed Fagin returns to the barge, lamenting that he only has three days to find the money he owes Sykes. After the dogs cheer him up, Fagin is introduced to Oliver, and, considering that they all need help, accepts him into the gang.

text: The next day, Fagin and his pets, now including Oliver, hit the streets to sell some shoddy goods and perhaps steal money. Oliver and Tito attempt to sabotage a limousine driven by Winston, a butler who is chaperoning Jenny Foxworth, a lonely rich girl whose parents are away on a trip. However, the plan backfires when Oliver accidentally slips on the ignition keys, starting the car and electrocuting Tito. Jenny then helps untangle Oliver from the wires and adopts him out of loneliness, much to the disgust of Georgette, the Foxworth family's pompous and pampered poodle. Dodger and the others manage to steal Oliver from the Foxworth family and bring him back to the barge, but he explains that he was treated kindly and did not want to leave, much to the shock of Dodger who feels that Oliver is being ungrateful, but allows him the opportunity to leave. However, Fagin arrives and concocts a plan to ransom Oliver, then sends Jenny a ransom note. Jenny discovers the note and sets out to get Oliver back, while Fagin informs Sykes of his plan.

text: Later, Jenny meets up with Fagin, who is shocked that the "very rich cat owner person" is only a little girl. Bothered by his conscience after seeing Jenny distraught over losing Oliver, Fagin gives Oliver back freely. Just then, Sykes comes out of the shadows and kidnaps Jenny, intending to ransom her and declaring Fagin's debt paid.

text: Dodger rallies Oliver and the other dogs to rescue Jenny from Sykes, but the animals are confronted by Sykes and his Dobermans after they free her. Fagin saves the group with his scooter and a chase ensues throughout the streets and into the subway tunnels. Jenny is pushed onto the hood of Sykes's car after he rams it against the scooter, where she holds onto the hood ornament, and Oliver and Dodger attempt a rescue. Roscoe and DeSoto fall off the car in the struggle and land on the subway's third rail, electrocuting them. Tito takes control of Fagin's scooter as Fagin manages to retrieve Jenny, and Tito drives the scooter up the side of the Brooklyn Bridge as Sykes' car drives straight into the path of an oncoming train, killing him and throwing him and his car into the East River. Dodger and Oliver manage to avoid the collision thanks to Sykes throwing them off him before the impact and are reunited with Jenny and the others. Later, Jenny celebrates her birthday with the animals, Fagin and Winston. That same day, Winston receives a phone call from Jenny's parents in Rome saying that they will be back Stateside in Manhattan tomorrow. Oliver opts to stay with Jenny, but he promises to remain in contact with Dodger and the gang.

text: Cast and characters

text:
Joey Lawrence as Oliver: an orange orphaned kitten who is looking for a home. He joins Fagin's gang of dogs before being taken in by Jenny. He also saves her life from the black-hearted loan-shark, Sykes.
Billy Joel as Dodger, a carefree, charismatic mongrel with a mix of terrier in him. He claims to have considerable "street savoir-faire". He is the leader of Fagin's gang of dogs, and is Oliver's first acquaintance, as well as his eventual best friend and bodyguard. He is the object of Rita's affection.
Cheech Marin as Tito, a tiny yet passionate Chihuahua in Fagin's gang. He has a fiery temper for his size, and rapidly develops a crush on Georgette (although she is initially repulsed by him). His full name is Ignacio Alonso Julio Federico de Tito.
Richard Mulligan as Einstein, a gray Great Dane and a member of Fagin's gang. He is named ironically as he is not particularly bright, representing the stereotype that Great Danes are friendly but dim-witted.
Roscoe Lee Browne as Francis, a bulldog with a British accent in Fagin's gang. He appreciates art and theatre, particularly Shakespeare. He also detests anyone abbreviating his name as "Frank" or "Frankie" (which Tito frequently does).
Sheryl Lee Ralph (Ruth Pointer, singing) as Rita, an Afghan Hound[3] and the only female dog in Fagin's gang. She is street-wise and takes Oliver under her wing.
Dom DeLuise as Fagin, a lowly thief who lives on a barge with his dogs. He desperately needs money to repay his debt with Sykes. Because of his economic situation, he is forced to perform criminal acts such as pick-pocketing and petty theft, but in truth he is well-meaning and genial most of the time.
Taurean Blacque and Carl Weintraub as Roscoe and DeSoto respectively: Sykes's vicious Doberman Pinschers who have a hostile history with Dodger and his friends. Roscoe is the apparent leader, while his brother DeSoto seems to be the more savage of the two. Both of them are killed in the climax after falling onto the electric rail tracks while fighting with Dodger and Oliver. Roscoe wears a red collar and DeSoto wears one that is blue.
Robert Loggia as Sykes, a cold-hearted, immoral loan-shark and shipyard agent who lent a considerable sum of money to Fagin and expects it paid back. He is ultimately defeated at the film's climax when he indirectly drives his car into a train, killing him in the process.
Natalie Gregory (Myhanh Tran, singing) as Jennifer "Jenny" Foxworth, a kind-hearted, rich girl who adopts Oliver.
William Glover as Winston, the Foxworth family's bumbling but loyal butler.
Bette Midler as Georgette, the Foxworth family's prize-winning poodle. Vain and spoiled, she becomes jealous of Oliver but eventually accepts him and Fagin's gang. When Tito displays his attraction to her, she initially responds with revulsion. At the end, however, she displays considerable attraction to Tito, so much, in fact that she sends him running for his life when she tries to bathe, dress and groom him.
Frank Welker as Old Louie, an aggressive, bad-tempered hot dog vendor who appears early in the film when Oliver and Dodger steal his hot dogs. He is described by Dodger as "a well-known enemy of the four-legged world", meaning that he hates both cats and dogs.

text: Production

text: Oliver & Company was the twenty-seventh animated film developed by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and the first one to begin production under the supervision of Chief Executive Officer Michael Eisner and Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg; the duo, who had previously worked at Paramount Pictures as chairman and head of production, respectively, joined the company in 1984.[4] After the release of The Black Cauldron in 1985, Eisner and Katzenberg invited the animators to pitch potential ideas for upcoming animated features, infamously called the "Gong Show". After Ron Clements and John Musker suggested The Little Mermaid and Treasure Island in Space, story artist Pete Young suggested, "Oliver Twist with dogs". Katzenberg, who had previously planned on producing a live-action adaptation of the musical Oliver! at Paramount,[4] approved the pitch.[5] Under the working title of Oliver and the Dodger,[6][7] the film was originally much darker and grittier with the film opening with Sykes's two Dobermans murdering Oliver's parents, setting the story to focus on Oliver exacting his revenge as detailed in a draft dated on March 30, 1987.[8] George Scribner and Richard Rich were announced as the directors of the project, while Pete Young was appointed as story supervisor,[9] though Rich left about six months into production, leaving Scribner as the sole director.[10] In this adaptation, Scribner turned Oliver into a naïve kitten, Dodger and the gang into dogs, and Fagin into a human, and encouraged the film to be more street smart.[8] Furthermore, Scribner borrowed a technique from Lady and the Tramp by blocking out the scenes on real streets, and then photographing them with cameras mounted eighteen inches off the ground. In this way, the animators would use the photos as templates to provide a real dog's-eye view of the action.[11] As work continued on Oliver, Roy E. Disney came up with an idea that Fagin would attempt to steal a rare panda from the city zoo. However, the writers would have problems with the idea,[6] and the panda sub-plot was eventually dropped when Scribner suggested to have Fagin hold Oliver for ransom because he was a valuable, rare Asian cat.[12][13]

text: For the film, Disney invested $15 million into a long-term computer system called Computer Animation Production System, otherwise known as CAPS. Unlike The Black Cauldron and The Great Mouse Detective which used computer imagery for special sequences, eleven minutes of Oliver & Company were computer-generated such as the skyscrapers, the taxi cabs, trains, Fagin's scooter-cart, and the climactic subway chase.[4] Meanwhile, the traditional animation was handled by the next generation of Disney animators, including supervising animators Glen Keane, Ruben A. Aquino, Mike Gabriel, Hendel Butoy, and Mark Henn as the "Nine Old Men" had retired in the early 1980s.[4] Throughout two and a half years of production, six supervising animators and a team of over 300 artists and technicians worked on the film.[14] Skidmore, Owings & Merrill was the database for the New York City skyline, which was recreated for the film.

text: Casting

text: Because personalities are considered the greatest strength of Disney animated films, the filmmakers sought believable voices to match the movement of the animation.[4] For this film, the filmmakers cast fellow New York natives including Bette Midler for Georgette, Sheryl Lee Ralph for Rita, and Roscoe Lee Browne for Francis.[4] Comedian Cheech Marin was cast as the chihuahua Tito. Because energy proved to be the key to Tito's personality, Marin claimed "I was encouraged to ad-lib, but I'd say I just gave about 75% of the lines as they were written. The natural energy of a Chihuahua played right into that feeling. George [Scribner] was very encouraging as a director: He kept the energy level high at the recording sessions."[15] Pop singer Billy Joel was recommended for the voice of Dodger by Scribner because of his "New York street-smart, savoir-faire attitude", and auditioned for the role by telephone after being given dialogue. Additionally, Joel confirmed he did the role because it was a Disney movie, and admitted that "I had just had a little girl. It's a great way to do something that my little girl could see that she could relate to right away."[16]

text: Music

text:
Oliver & Company

CD cover for the 1996 re-release of the Oliver & Company soundtrack (an alternative cover was used in the United Kingdom).

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
1988

Genre
Pop rock, blues rock

Label
Walt Disney

text: The soundtrack of Oliver & Company contains an instrumental score by J. A. C. Redford under the supervision of Carole Childs, while Jeffrey Katzenberg had the idea to bring in big-name singer/songwriters, each of whom would contribute a song into the film including Billy Joel, Barry Manilow, and Huey Lewis. At his suggestion of his friend David Geffen, Katzenberg brought in lyricist Howard Ashman, who composed the song "Once Upon a Time in New York City".[17] Musical composer J.A.C. Redford was brought to compose the score who had a working relationship with Disney music executive Chris Montan on the series St. Elsewhere.[18] Ashman, who, with Alan Menken, would write the songs for the next three Disney films. Billy Joel, in addition to voicing Dodger, performed the character's song in the film.

text: The track list below represents the 1996 re-release of the Oliver & Company soundtrack. The original 1988 release featured the same songs, but with the instrumental cues placed in between the songs in the order in which they appeared in the film. Using the numbering system in the list below, the order the tracks on the 1988 release would be: 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The reprise of "Why Should I Worry?", performed by the entire cast, remains unreleased on CD.

text:
"Once Upon a Time in New York City" - Huey Lewis; written by Barry Mann and Howard Ashman
"Why Should I Worry?" - Billy Joel; written by Dan Hartman and Charlie Midnight
"Streets of Gold" - Ruth Pointer ; written by Dean Pitchford and Tom Snow
"Perfect Isn't Easy" - Bette Midler ; written by Barry Manilow, Jack Feldman, and Bruce Sussman
"Good Company" - Myhanh Tran ; written by Ron Rocha and Robert Minkoff
"Sykes" (score)
"Bedtime Story" (score)
"The Rescue" (score)
"Pursuit Through the Subway" (score)
"Buscando Guayaba" - Rubén Blades
"End Title" (instrumental)

tag: ol

text: Release

text: Oliver & Company premiered theatrically in North America on November 18, 1988―the same day on which Disney celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Mickey Mouse short, Steamboat Willie.[19] It was also the first to be released as a part of a brand new schedule requested by Katzenberg, which called for a new animated Disney film to be released every single year, similar to Walt Disney's intentions for his animated features during the 1940s.[4]

text: Marketing

text: Oliver & Company was the first Disney animated film to include real world advertised products. More than 30 company logos and brand names were shown in the film, including Kodak, Dr. Scholls, Sony, Diet Coke, Tab, McDonald's, Yamaha, Ryder, and USA Today.[20] However, the filmmakers commented on ABC's The Magical World of Disney that this was done for realism, was not paid product placement, and that it would not be New York City without advertising.[21] Instead, Katzenberg urged the marketing campaign to focus on the classic Dickens novel and the pop score,[17] and promotional tie-ins included Sears, which produced and manufactured products with themes inspired from the film, and McDonald's which sold Christmas musical ornaments based on Oliver and Dodger, and small finger puppets based on the characters in a Happy Meal.[21][22] For its theatrical re-release in 1996, the film was accompanied with a promotional campaign by Burger King.[23]

text: In the United Kingdom, Oliver & Company was not distributed by Buena Vista International, but by Warner Bros.[24] Buena Vista International did however release the film on home video.

text: Home media

text: Despite its financial success at the box office, Oliver & Company was not released on home video despite being one of the most requested Disney films.[25] After its theatrical re-release, Oliver & Company was released on VHS and Widescreen LaserDisc in the United States on September 25, 1996, for a limited time,[26] and in the United Kingdom in 1997.[citation needed] It was later released on DVD on May 14, 2002. A 20th Anniversary Edition DVD was released on February 3, 2009, and a 25th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray was released on August 6, 2013.[27]

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: Opening on the same weekend as Don Bluth's The Land Before Time, which debuted at number-one grossing $7.5 million, the film beat out Oliver & Company which opened at fourth, grossing $4 million.[28] Nevertheless, Oliver & Company out-grossed The Land Before Time with domestic gross estimates of $53 million compared to $46 million of the latter.[29] Its success prompted Disney's senior vice-president of animation, Peter Schneider, to announce the company's plans to release animated features annually.[6]

text: On March 29, 1996, Disney re-released the film in direct competition with All Dogs Go to Heaven 2,[30] grossing $4.5 million in its opening weekend.[31] In its total box office lifetime, Oliver & Company made a total domestic gross of $74 million at the U.S. box office.[32]

text: Critical response

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 44% of critics gave the film positive reviews based on 36 reviews with an average rating of 5.4/10. Its consensus states that "Oliver & Company is a decidedly lesser effort in the Disney canon, with lackluster songs, stiff animation, and a thoroughly predictable plot."[33]

text: On the television program, Siskel & Ebert, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs down. Siskel stated: "When you measure this film to the company's legacy of classics, it doesn't match up" as he complained "the story is too fragmented…because Oliver’s story gets too sidetracked from the story in the film that gets convoluted, too calculated for the Bette Midler, Billy Joel crowd as well as little kids." Roger Ebert gave the film a "marginal thumbs up" as he described the film as "harmless, inoffensive".[34] Animation historian Charles Solomon wrote a favorable reviewing concluding that the film "offers virtually ideal family holiday fare. The cartoon action will delight young children, while older ones, who usually reject animation as "kid stuff," will enjoy the rock songs and hip characters, especially the brash Tito."[35] Writing for People, Peter Travers opined in his review, "Too slight to rank with such Disney groundbreakers as Pinocchio and Fantasia, the film is more on the good-fun level of The Lady and the Tramp and 101 Dalmatians. But why kick? With its captivating characters, sprightly songs and zap-happy animation, Oliver & Company adds up to a tip-top frolic."[36] Desson Howe of The Washington Post noted that the film "retrieves some of the old Disney charm with tail-wagging energy and five catchy songs". Likewise, fellow Washington Post film critic Rita Kempley praised the songs and animation, and called it "happy adaptation of the Victorian classic."[3] Writing for Common Sense Media, Nell Minnow gave the film 3 stars out of 5, concluding that the film "Can't compete with Disney classics, but [is] still fun."[37]

text: Barry Walters, reviewing for The San Francisco Examiner, panned the film as "a rather shabby transitional work, one that lacks the sophistication of today's 'toons and doesn't hold up to the Disney classics of yesteryear."[38] The staff of Halliwell's Film Guide called Oliver & Company "episodic" and "short on charm". "Only now and then", they added, "it provides glimpses of stylish animation".[24] The Ren & Stimpy Show creator John Kricfalusi suggested that the film was derivative of Ralph Bakshi's works, and jokingly suggested its use as a form of punishment.[39] Likewise, even some of the Disney animators viewed the film unfavorably considering it "another talking dog-and-cat movie".[40]

text: Accolades

text:
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "Why Should I Worry?" (Nominated)
Young Artist Award for Best Family Feature Film — Animation (Nominated)
Golden Reel Awards for Best Sound Editing (Won)


document_title: Tabula rasa

question_text: who argued that every person was born with a tabula rasa

text: Tabula rasa

text: History[edit]

text: Tabula rasa is a Latin phrase often translated as "blank slate" in English and originates from the Roman tabula used for notes, which was blanked by heating the wax and then smoothing it.[1] This roughly equates to the English term "blank slate" (or, more literally, "erased slate") which refers to the emptiness of a slate prior to it being written on with chalk. Both may be renewed repeatedly, by melting the wax of the tablet or by erasing the chalk on the slate.

text: Philosophy[edit]

text: In Western philosophy, the concept of tabula rasa can be traced back to the writings of Aristotle who writes in his treatise "Περί Ψυχῆς" (De Anima or On the Soul) of the "unscribed tablet." In one of the more well-known passages of this treatise he writes that:

text: Haven't we already disposed of the difficulty about interaction involving a common element, when we said that mind is in a sense potentially whatever is thinkable, though actually it is nothing until it has thought? What it thinks must be in it just as characters may be said to be on a writing-tablet on which as yet nothing stands written: this is exactly what happens with mind.[2]

text: This idea was further developed in Ancient Greek philosophy by the Stoic school. Stoic epistemology emphasizes that the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it.[3] The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as "When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of his soul like a sheet of paper ready for writing upon."[4] Diogenes Laërtius attributes a similar belief to the Stoic Zeno of Citium when he writes in Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers that:

text: Perception, again, is an impression produced on the mind, its name being appropriately borrowed from impressions on wax made by a seal; and perception they divide into, comprehensible and incomprehensible: Comprehensible, which they call the criterion of facts, and which is produced by a real object, and is, therefore, at the same time conformable to that object; Incomprehensible, which has no relation to any real object, or else, if it has any such relation, does not correspond to it, being but a vague and indistinct representation.[5]

text: In the eleventh century, the theory of tabula rasa was developed more clearly by the Persian philosopher Avicenna (Ibn Sina in Arabic). He argued that the "...human intellect at birth resembled a tabula rasa, a pure potentiality that is actualized through education and comes to know," and that knowledge is attained through "...empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts," which develops through a "...syllogistic method of reasoning; observations lead to propositional statements, which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts." He further argued that the intellect itself "...possesses levels of development from the static/material intellect (al-‘aql al-hayulani), that potentiality can acquire knowledge to the active intellect (al-‘aql al-fa‘il), the state of the human intellect at conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge."[6]

text: In the twelfth century, the Andalusian-Islamic philosopher and novelist, Ibn Tufail, known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West, demonstrated the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment through his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqzan, in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island, through experience alone. The Latin translation of his philosophical novel, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, had an influence on John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.[7]

text: In the thirteenth century, St. Thomas Aquinas brought the Aristotelian and Avicennian notions to the forefront of Christian thought. These notions sharply contrasted with the previously held Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that preexisted somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body here on Earth (see Plato's Phaedo and Apology, as well as others). St. Bonaventure (also thirteenth century) was one of the fiercest intellectual opponents of Aquinas, offering some of the strongest arguments toward the Platonic idea of the mind.

text: The writings of Avicenna, Ibn Tufail, and Aquinas on the tabula rasa theory stood unprogressed and untested for several centuries.[citation needed] For example, the late medieval English jurist Sir John Fortescue, in his work In Praise of the Laws of England (Chapter VI), takes for granted the notion of tabula rasa, stressing it as the basis of the need for the education of the young in general, and of young princes specifically. "Therefore, Prince, whilst you are young and your mind is as it were a clean slate, impress on it these things, lest in future it be impressed more pleasurably with images of lesser worth." (His igitur, Princeps, dum Adolescens es, et Anima tua velut Tabula rasa, depinge eam, ne in futurum ipsa Figuris minoris Frugi delectabilius depingatur.)

text: The modern idea of the theory, however, is attributed mostly to John Locke's expression of the idea in Essay Concerning Human Understanding (he uses the term "white paper" in Book II, Chap. I, 2). In Locke's philosophy, tabula rasa was the theory that at birth the (human) mind is a "blank slate" without rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one's sensory experiences. The notion is central to Lockean empiricism. As understood by Locke, tabula rasa meant that the mind of the individual was born blank, and it also emphasized the freedom of individuals to author their own soul. Individuals are free to define the content of their character—but basic identity as a member of the human species cannot be altered. This presumption of a free, self-authored mind combined with an immutable human nature leads to the Lockean doctrine of "natural" rights. Locke's idea of tabula rasa is frequently compared with Thomas Hobbes's viewpoint of human nature, in which humans are endowed with inherent mental content—particularly with selfishness.[citation needed]

text: The eighteenth-century Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau used tabula rasa to support his argument that warfare is an advent of society and agriculture, rather than something that occurs from the human state of nature. Since tabula rasa states that humans are born with a "blank-slate", Rousseau uses this to suggest that humans must learn warfare.

text: Tabula rasa also features in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. Freud depicted personality traits as being formed by family dynamics (see Oedipus complex). Freud's theories imply that humans lack free will, but also that genetic influences on human personality are minimal. In Freudian psychoanalysis, one is largely determined by one's upbringing.[citation needed]

text: The tabula rasa concept became popular in social sciences during the twentieth century. Early ideas of eugenics posited that human intelligence correlated strongly with social class, but these ideas were rejected, and the idea that genes (or simply "blood") determined a person's character became regarded as racist. By the 1970s, scientists such as John Money had come to see gender identity as socially constructed, rather than rooted in genetics.

text: Science[edit]

text: Psychology and neurobiology[edit]

text: Psychologists and neurobiologists have shown evidence that initially, the entire cerebral cortex is programmed and organized to process sensory input, control motor actions, regulate emotion, and respond reflexively (under predetermined conditions).[8] These programmed mechanisms in the brain subsequently act to learn and refine the ability of the organism.[9][10] For example, psychologist Steven Pinker showed that—in contrast to written language—the brain is "programmed" to pick up spoken language spontaneously.[11]

text: There have been claims by a minority in psychology and neurobiology, however, that the brain is tabula rasa only for certain behaviours. For instance, with respect to one's ability to acquire both general and special types of knowledge or skills, Howe argued against the existence of innate talent.[12] There also have been neurological investigations into specific learning and memory functions, such as Karl Lashley's study on mass action and serial interaction mechanisms.

text: Important evidence against the tabula rasa model of the mind comes from behavioural genetics, especially twin and adoption studies (see below). These indicate strong genetic influences on personal characteristics such as IQ, alcoholism, gender identity, and other traits.[11] Critically, multivariate studies show that the distinct faculties of the mind, such as memory and reason, fractionate along genetic boundaries. Cultural universals such as emotion and the relative resilience of psychological adaptation to accidental biological changes (for instance the David Reimer case of gender reassignment following an accident) also support basic biological mechanisms in the mind.[citation needed]

text: Social pre-wiring[edit]

text: Twin studies have resulted in important evidence against the tabula rasa model of the mind, specifically, of social behaviour.

text: The social pre-wiring hypothesis refers to the ontogeny of social interaction. Also informally referred to as, "wired to be social." The theory questions whether there is a propensity to socially oriented action already present before birth. Research in the theory concludes that newborns are born into the world with a unique genetic wiring to be social[13].

text: Circumstantial evidence supporting the social pre-wiring hypothesis can be revealed when examining newborns' behaviour. Newborns, not even hours after birth, have been found to display a preparedness for social interaction. This preparedness is expressed in ways such as their imitation of facial gestures. This observed behaviour cannot be contributed to any current form of socialization or social construction. Rather, newborns most likely inherit to some extent social behaviour and identity through genetics[13].

text: Principal evidence of this theory is uncovered by examining twin pregnancies. The main argument is, if there are social behaviours that are inherited and developed before birth, then one should expect twin fetuses to engage in some form of social interaction before they are born. Thus, ten fetuses were analyzed over a period of time using ultrasound techniques. Using kinematic analysis, the results of the experiment were that the twin fetuses would interact with each other for longer periods and more often as the pregnancies went on. Researchers were able to conclude that the performance of movements between the co-twins were not accidental but specifically aimed[13].

text: The social pre-wiring hypothesis was proved correct, "The central advance of this study is the demonstration that 'social actions' are already performed in the second trimester of gestation. Starting from the 14th week of gestation twin fetuses plan and execute movements specifically aimed at the co-twin. These findings force us to predate the emergence of social behaviour: when the context enables it, as in the case of twin fetuses, other-directed actions are not only possible but predominant over self-directed actions."[13].

text: Computer science[edit]

text: In computer science, tabula rasa refers to the development of autonomous agents with a mechanism to reason and plan toward their goal, but no "built-in" knowledge-base of their environment. Thus they truly are a blank slate.

text: In reality autonomous agents possess an initial data-set or knowledge-base, but this cannot be immutable or it would hamper autonomy and heuristic ability.[citation needed] Even if the data-set is empty, it usually may be argued that there is a built-in bias in the reasoning and planning mechanisms.[citation needed] Either intentionally or unintentionally placed there by the human designer, it thus negates the true spirit of tabula rasa.[14]

text: A synthetic (programming) language parser (LR(1), LALR(1) or SLR(1), for example) could be considered a special case of a tabula rasa, as it is designed to accept any of a possibly infinite set of source language programs, within a single programming language, and to output either a good parse of the program, or a good machine language translation of the program, either of which represents a success, or, alternately, a failure, and nothing else. The "initial data-set" is a set of tables which are generally produced mechanically by a parser table generator, usually from a BNF representation of the source language, and represents a "table representation" of that single programming language.