document_title: United Nations General Assembly

question_text: where is the general assembly of the united nations located

text: United Nations General Assembly

text: History[edit]

text: The first session of the UN General Assembly was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations. The next few annual sessions were held in different cities: the second session in New York City, and the third in Paris. It moved to the permanent Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City at the start of its seventh regular annual session, on 14 October 1952. In December 1988, in order to hear Yasser Arafat, the General Assembly organised its 29th session in the Palace of Nations, in Geneva, Switzerland.[7]

text: Membership[edit]

text: All 193 members states of the United Nations are members of the General Assembly. Further, the United Nations General Assembly may grant observer status to an international organization, entity or non-member state, which entitles the entity to participate in the work of the United Nations General Assembly, though with limitations.

text: Agenda[edit]

text: The agenda for each session is planned up to seven months in advance and begins with the release of a preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda.[8] This is refined into a provisional agenda 60 days before the opening of the session. After the session begins, the final agenda is adopted in a plenary meeting which allocates the work to the various Main Committees, who later submit reports back to the Assembly for adoption by consensus or by vote.

text: Items on the agenda are numbered. Regular plenary sessions of the General Assembly in recent years have initially been scheduled to be held over the course of just three months; however, additional work loads have extended these sessions until just short of the next session. The routinely scheduled portions of the sessions normally commence on "the Tuesday of the third week in September, counting from the first week that contains at least one working day", per the UN Rules of Procedure.[9] The last two of these Regular sessions were routinely scheduled to recess exactly three months afterwards[10] in early December, but were resumed in January and extended until just before the beginning of the following sessions.[11]

text: Resolutions[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The General Assembly votes on many resolutions brought forth by sponsoring states. These are generally statements symbolizing the sense of the international community about an array of world issues. Most General Assembly resolutions are not enforceable as a legal or practical matter, because the General Assembly lacks enforcement powers with respect to most issues. The General Assembly has authority to make final decisions in some areas such as the United Nations budget.[12]

text: General Assembly Resolutions are generally non-binding on member states, but carry considerable political weight, and are legally binding towards the operations of the General Assembly. The General Assembly can also refer an issue to the Security Council to put in place a binding resolution.[13]

text: Resolution numbering scheme[edit]

text: From the First to the Thirtieth General Assembly sessions, all General Assembly resolutions were numbered consecutively, with the resolution number followed by the session number in Roman numbers (for example, Resolution 1514 (XV), which was the 1514th numbered resolution adopted by the Assembly, and was adopted at the Fifteenth Regular Session (1960)). Beginning in the Thirty-First Session, resolutions are numbered by individual session (for example Resolution 41/10 represents the 10th resolution adopted at the Forty-First Session).

text: UN budget[edit]

text: The General Assembly also approves the budget of the United Nations, and decides how much money each member state must pay to run the organization.[5]

text:
The Charter of the United Nations gives responsibility for approving the budget to the General Assembly (Chapter IV, Article 17) and for preparing the budget to the Secretary-General, as "chief administrative officer" (Chapter XV, Article 97). The Charter also addresses the non-payment of assessed contributions (Chapter IV, Article 19).
The planning, programming, budgeting, monitoring and evaluation cycle of the United Nations has evolved over the years; major resolutions on the process include General Assembly resolutions: 41/213 of 19 December 1986, 42/211 of 21 December 1987, and 45/248 of 21 December 1990.[14]

text: The budget covers the costs of United Nations programmes in areas such as political affairs, international justice and law, international cooperation for development, public information, human rights, and humanitarian affairs.

text: The main source of funds for the regular budget is the contributions of member states. The scale of assessments is based on the capacity of countries to pay. This is determined by considering their relative shares of total gross national product, adjusted to take into account a number of factors, including their per capita incomes.

text: In addition to the regular budget, member states are assessed for the costs of the international tribunals and, in accordance with a modified version of the basic scale, for the costs of peacekeeping operations.[15]

text: Elections[edit]

text: The General Assembly votes in elections for the ten non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council;[16] the most recent such election was on 2 June 2017. These elections take place every year, and member states serve two-year terms, with five replaced each year. The candidates are selected by their regional groups. The General Assembly also elects members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It also elects members of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, and some members of the United Nations Trusteeship Council. The General Assembly appoints the Secretary-General of the United Nations on recommendation of the Security Council, and adopts rules governing the administration of the Secretariat. Along with the Security Council, the General Assembly elects Judges for the International Court of Justice in The Hague.[17]

text: Special sessions[edit]

text: Special sessions may be convened at the request of the United Nations Security Council, or a majority of UN members,[18] or, if the majority concurs, of a single member. A special session was held on October 1995 at the head of government level to commemorate the UN's 50th anniversary. Another special session was held in September 2000 to celebrate the millennium; it put forward the Millennium Development Goals. A special session was again held to discuss and admit proposals for the HIV/AIDS crisis in 2001.[19] A further special session (2005 World Summit) was held in September 2005 to commemorate the UN's 60th anniversary; it assessed progress on the Millennium Development Goals, and discussed Kofi Annan's In Larger Freedom proposals. Another special session was held in 2014 to discuss Population and Development, following the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action.[20]

text: UNGASS 2016[edit]

text: A special session was held in 2016 to discuss the War on Drugs and proposals to reconsider international drug treaties like the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as well as how to deal with drug treatment, rehabilitation, and related matters.[21] This was the first UN gathering on the subject in 20 years. In 2016, while "some European and South American countries as well as the U.S. favored softer approaches[,] ... countries such as China and Russia and most Muslim nations like Iran, Indonesia and Pakistan remained staunchly opposed" to any move beyond prohibition. One group favoring reform, the Global Commission on Drug Policy, and some attendees, expressed disappointment with the "status quo" outcome.[22]

text: Presenters included Russel Simmons, Michael Skolnik, Che Rhymefest Smith, who screened the film WARonUS, directed by Queen Muhammad Ali and Hakeem Khaaliq.[23][24]

text: Other special sessions[edit]

text: At the first Special Session of the UN General Assembly held in 1947, Osvaldo Aranha, then president of the Special Session, began a tradition that has remained until today whereby the first speaker at this major international forum is always a Brazilian.[26]

text: If the Security Council fails to act to maintain international peace and security due to a disagreement between its permanent members, the General Assembly has the power to convene an emergency special session and act to ensure peace and security under United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377.

text: General Debates[edit]

text: Annually, Heads of State, Government or heads of delegations speak at the opening of the new session of the General Assembly during the "General Debate".[27][28][29]

text: Emergency special sessions[edit]

text: The General Assembly may take action on maintaining international peace and security if the United Nations Security Council is unable, usually due to disagreement among the permanent members, to exercise its primary responsibility. If not in session at the time, the General Assembly may meet in emergency special session[30] within 24 hours of the request. Such emergency special sessions are to be called if requested by the UN Security Council on the vote of any seven members, or by a majority of the Members of the United Nations.

text: The "Uniting for Peace" resolution, adopted 3 November 1950, empowered the Assembly to convene in emergency special session in order to recommend collective measures, including the use of armed force, in the event of a breach of the peace or an act of aggression. As with all Assembly resolutions, two-thirds of UN Members "present and voting" must approve any such recommendation before it can be formally adopted by the Assembly. Emergency special sessions have been convened under this procedure on ten occasions. The two most recent, in 1982 and 1997–2017, were about the status of the territories occupied[31] by the State of Israel.

text: Subsidiary organs[edit]

text: The General Assembly subsidiary organs are divided into five categories: committees (30 total, six main), commissions (six), boards (seven), councils (four) and panels (one), working groups, and "other".

text: Committees[edit]

text: Main committees[edit]

text: The main committees are ordinally numbered, 1–6: [32]

text:
The First Committee: Disarmament and International Security (DISEC) is concerned with disarmament and related international security questions
The Second Committee: Economic and Financial (ECOFIN) is concerned with economic questions
The Third Committee: Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian (SOCHUM) deals with social and humanitarian issues
The Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonisation (SPECPOL) deals with a variety of political subjects not dealt with by the First Committee, as well as with decolonization
The Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary and general deals with the administration and budget of the United Nations
The Sixth Committee: Legal deals with legal matters

text: The roles of many of the main committees have changed over time. Until the late 1970s, the First Committee was the Political and Security Committee (POLISEC) and there was also a sufficient number of additional "political" matters that an additional, unnumbered main committee, called the Special Political Committee, also sat. The Fourth Committee formerly handled Trusteeship and Decolonization matters. With the decreasing number of such matters to be addressed as the trust territories attained independence and the decolonization movement progressed, the functions of the Special Political Committee were merged into the Fourth Committee during the 1990s.

text: Each main committee consists of all the members of the General Assembly. Each elects a chairman, three vice chairmen, and a rapporteur at the outset of each regular General Assembly session.

text: Other committees[edit]

text: These are not numbered. According to the General Assembly website, the most important are: [32]

text:
Credentials Committee – This committee is charged with ensuring that the diplomatic credentials of all UN representatives are in order. The Credentials Committee consists of nine Member States elected early in each regular General Assembly session.
General Committee – This is a supervisory committee entrusted with ensuring that the whole meeting of the Assembly goes smoothly. The General Committee consists of the president and vice presidents of the current General Assembly session and the chairman of each of the six Main Committees.

text: Other committees of the General Assembly are enumerated. [33]

text: Commissions[edit]

text: There are six commissions: [34]

text:
United Nations Disarmament Commission, established by GA Resolution 502 (VI) and S-10/2
International Civil Service Commission, established by GA Resolution 3357 (XXIX)
International Law Commission, established by GA Resolution 174 (II)
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), established by GA Resolution 2205 (XXI)
United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, established by GA Resolution 194 (III)
United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, established by GA Resolution 60/180 and UN Security Council Resolutions 1645 (2005) and 1646 (2005)

text: Despite its name, the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) was actually a subsidiary body of ECOSOC.

text: Boards[edit]

text:
There are seven boards which are categorized into two groups:
a) Executive Boards and b) Boards [35]

text: Executive Boards[edit]

text:
Executive Board of the United Nations Children's Fund, established by GA Resolution 57 (I) and 48/162
Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme and of the United Nations Population Fund, established by GA Resolution 2029 (XX) and 48/162
Executive Board of the World Food Programme, established by GA Resolution 50/8

text: Boards[edit]

text:
Board of Auditors, established by GA Resolution 74 (I)
Trade and Development Board, established by GA Resolution 1995 (XIX)
United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board, established by GA Resolution 248 (III)
Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters, established by GA Resolution 37/99 K

text: Councils and panels[edit]

text: The newest council is the United Nations Human Rights Council, which replaced the aforementioned UNCHR in March 2006.

text: There are a total of four councils and one panel. [36]

text: Working Groups and other[edit]

text: There is a varied group of working groups and other subsidiary bodies. [37]

text: Seating[edit]

text: Countries are seated alphabetically in the General Assembly according to English translations of the countries' names. The country which occupies the front-most left position is determined annually by the Secretary-General via ballot draw. The remaining countries follow alphabetically after it.[38]

text: Reform and UNPA[edit]

text: On 21 March 2005, Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented a report, In Larger Freedom, that criticized the General Assembly for focusing so much on consensus that it was passing watered-down resolutions reflecting "the lowest common denominator of widely different opinions".[39] He also criticized the Assembly for trying to address too broad an agenda, instead of focusing on "the major substantive issues of the day, such as international migration and the long-debated comprehensive convention on terrorism". Annan recommended streamlining the General Assembly's agenda, committee structure, and procedures; strengthening the role and authority of its president; enhancing the role of civil society; and establishing a mechanism to review the decisions of its committees, in order to minimize unfunded mandates and micromanagement of the United Nations Secretariat. Annan reminded UN members of their responsibility to implement reforms, if they expect to realize improvements in UN effectiveness.[40]

text: The reform proposals were not taken up by the United Nations World Summit in September 2005. Instead, the Summit solely affirmed the central position of the General Assembly as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations, as well as the role of the Assembly in the process of standard-setting and the codification of international law. The Summit also called for strengthening the relationship between the General Assembly and the other principal organs to ensure better coordination on topical issues that required coordinated action by the United Nations, in accordance with their respective mandates.[citation needed]

text: A United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, or United Nations People's Assembly (UNPA), is a proposed addition to the United Nations System that eventually could allow for direct election of UN parliament members by citizens all over the world.

text: In the General Debate of the 65th General Assembly, Jorge Valero, representing Venezuela, said "The United Nations has exhausted its model and it is not simply a matter of proceeding with reform, the twenty-first century demands deep changes that are only possible with a rebuilding of this organisation." He pointed to the futility of resolutions concerning the Cuban embargo and the Middle East conflict as reasons for the UN model having failed. Venezuela also called for the suspension of veto rights in the Security Council because it was a "remnant of the Second World War [it] is incompatible with the principle of sovereign equality of States".[41]

text: Reform of the United Nations General Assembly includes proposals to change the powers and composition of the U.N. General Assembly. This could include, for example, tasking the Assembly with evaluating how well member states implement UNGA resolutions,[42] increasing the power of the assembly vis-à-vis the United Nations Security Council, or making debates more constructive and less repetitive.[43]

text: Sidelines of the General Assembly[edit]

text: The annual session of the United Nations General Assembly is accompanied by independent meetings between world leaders, better known as meetings taking place on the sidelines of the Assembly meeting. The diplomatic congregation has also since evolved into a week attracting wealthy and influential individuals from around the world to New York City to address various agendas, ranging from humanitarian and environmental to business and political.[44]


document_title: Tim Hortons

question_text: when did tim hortons open in the us

question_tokens: when did tim hortons open in the us

root

text: Tim Hortons

text: History[edit]

text: 1964–1989: Tim Horton and Ron Joyce[edit]

text: The chain's first store opened on May 17, 1964, in Hamilton, Ontario,[2] under the name "Tim Horton Donuts"; the name was later abbreviated to "Tim Horton's" and then changed to "Tim Hortons" without the possessive apostrophe. The business was founded by Miles G. "Tim" Horton, who played in the National Hockey League from 1949 until his death in a traffic collision in 1974.[15][16] Horton had an initial venture in hamburger restaurants.[11]

tag: p

text: Soon after Horton opened the store, he met Ron Joyce, a former Hamilton police constable. In 1965, Joyce took over the fledgling Tim Horton Donut Shop on Ottawa Street North in Hamilton. By 1967, after he had opened up two more stores, he and Tim Horton became full partners in the business. Upon Horton's death in an auto crash in 1974, Joyce bought out the Horton family's shares for $1 million and took over as sole owner of the existing chain of forty stores. Joyce expanded the chain quickly and aggressively in both geography and product selection. The 500th store opened in 1991.[17]

text: Ron Joyce's aggressive expansion of the Tim Hortons business resulted in major changes to the Canadian coffee and doughnut restaurant market. Many independent doughnut shops and small chains were driven out of business, while Canada's per-capita ratio of doughnut shops surpassed that of all other countries.[18]

text: 1990s: Name change and growth[edit]

text: The company had originally been incorporated as Tim Donut Limited.[12] By the 1990s, the company name had changed to The TDL Group Ltd. This was an effort by the company to diversify the business, removing the primary emphasis on doughnuts, and continuing the expansion of the menu options as consumer tastes broadened.[17]

text: Some older locations retain signage with the company's name including a possessive apostrophe, despite the fact that the official styling of the company's name has been Tim Hortons, without an apostrophe, for at least a decade.[19] The company had removed the apostrophe after signs using the apostrophe were interpreted by some to be breaking the language sign laws of the Province of Quebec in 1993.[citation needed] The removal of the apostrophe allowed the company to have one common sign image across Canada.[citation needed]

text: Although a number of Quebec locations have bilingual menuboards, the decision to have both languages represented is left to the discretion of each franchise owner. Some locations have French-only menu boards. It is the strong recommendation to all the Quebec restaurants from the TDL Group Corporation that they post bilingual menuboards in accordance with the standards being enforced by the Office québécois de la langue française.[20]

text: 1992–1995: Merger with Wendy's[edit]

text: In 1992, the owner of all Tim Hortons and Wendy's Restaurants in Prince Edward Island, Daniel P. Murphy, decided to open new franchise outlets for both brands in the same building in the town of Montague. Murphy invited Joyce and Wendy's chairman Dave Thomas to the grand opening of the "combo store", where the two executives met for the first time and immediately established a rapport.[citation needed] Murphy's success with combining coffee and doughnuts with Wendy's fast food led to August 8, 1995 acquisition of and merger with TDL Group by Wendy's International, Inc., an American company.[21] Joyce became the largest shareholder in Wendy's, even surpassing Thomas. TDL Group continued to operate as a separate subsidiary from its head office in Oakville, Ontario, although Joyce eventually retired from active management to pursue other interests.[citation needed]

text: The sale was widely commented on in the media. In 1995, the Toronto Star had a column reflecting on Tim Hortons "selling out" to Wendy's with "the spectacle of another great Canadian icon, one more priceless chocolate coconut cream-filled dutchie glazed cruller Timbit of our precious heritage, gone to Yankee burgerfat, (rounding) out the menus of the two chains by blending Tim Hortons morning meals and snacks with the strength enjoyed by Wendy's in lunches and dinners; burp; and nobody around to pass the Maalox?"[22]

text: 2002–2006: Regaining independence[edit]

text: Tim Hortons franchises spread rapidly and eventually overtook McDonald's as Canada's largest food service operator. The company opened twice as many Canadian outlets as McDonald's by 2005,[23] and system-wide sales also surpassed those of McDonald's Canadian operations as of 2002.[24] The chain accounted for 22.6% of all fast food industry revenues in Canada in 2005.[23]

text: Under pressure from major investors Peter May and Nelson Peltz,[25] in late 2005, Wendy's announced it would sell between 15% and 18% of the Tim Hortons operations in an initial public offering, which was completed on March 24, 2006, and subsequently said it would spin off to shareholders its remaining interest by the end of 2006.[26] Wendy's cited increased competition between the two chains and Tim Hortons' increasing self-sufficiency as reasons for its decision, but the company had been under shareholder pressure to make such a move because of the strength and profitability of the Tim Hortons brand.[27] Peltz in 2008 acquired Wendy's after pressuring them initially to spin off Tim Hortons.[citation needed]

text: Shares of the company began trading on March 24, 2006, with an initial public offering of C$27 per share, raising over $700 million in the first day of trading. On September 24, 2006, Wendy's spun off the rest of its shares in Tim Hortons, by distributing the remaining 82% to its shareholders.[28] On the same day, Tim Hortons was added to Canada's benchmark stock-market indicator, the S&P/TSX Composite Index, and to the S&P/TSX 60.[29] Despite maintaining its operational headquarters in Oakville, the spun-off holding company, Tim Hortons Inc., was initially incorporated in Delaware.[citation needed]

text: As of March 2006, Tim Hortons commanded 76% of the Canadian market for baked goods (based on the number of customers served) and held 62% of the Canadian coffee market (compared to Starbucks, in the number two position, at 7%).[30]

text: 2007–2013: Repatriation[edit]

text: On June 29, 2009, Tim Hortons Inc. announced that, pending shareholder approval, the chain's operations would be reorganized under a new publicly traded company, also named "Tim Hortons Incorporated," incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act. The change was being made primarily for tax purposes.[31][32] On September 28, 2009, Tim Hortons Inc. announced it had completed the reorganization of its corporate structure to become a Canadian public company.[33][34]

text: In November 2010, Tim Hortons extended Interac debit payment system acceptance to most of its stores. The company previously began accepting Interac in its stores in Western Canada in 2003 and, later, MasterCard and MasterCard PayPass across most of its stores in 2007. The company often indicated the delay of broader or wider electronic payment acceptance was to "ensure speed of service."[35][36] In 2012, Tim Hortons began accepting Visa cards, and in 2013, began accepting American Express cards.[37][38]

text: As of late 2013, Tim Hortons had "4,350 cafes across the world, out of which 3,500 are in Canada, 817 in the US and 33 in GCC. The Toronto Stock Exchange listed company recorded revenues of $794 million and net profit of $111 million in the September quarter."[39]

text: 2014: Merger with Burger King[edit]

text: On August 24, 2014, US fast food chain Burger King announced that it was in negotiations to merge with Tim Hortons Inc;[40] the proposed $18 billion merger would involve a tax inversion into Canada, with a new holding company majority-owned by 3G Capital, and the remaining shares in the company held by current Burger King and Tim Hortons shareholders. A Tim Hortons representative stated that the proposed merger would allow Tim Hortons to leverage Burger King's resources for international growth; the two chains would retain separate operations post-merger.[41] News of the proposal caused Tim Hortons' shares to increase in value by 28 percent.[42]

text: On August 25, 2014, Burger King officially confirmed its intent to acquire Tim Hortons Inc. in a deal totalling CDN$12.5 billion (US$11.4 billion).[43] 3G Capital offered to purchase the company at $65.50 per-share, with existing shareholders receiving $65.50 in cash and 0.8025 shares in the new holding company: per-share—all-cash ($88.50) and all-shares (3.0879) options were also made available. The agreement planned to result in 3G Capital (which held a 71% majority stake in Burger King) holding a 51% majority stake in the new company, Tim Hortons' existing shareholders owning 22%, and Burger King's owning 27% with the new entity based in Oakville and listed on both the TSX and New York Stock Exchange. Per the agreement, Burger King CEO Daniel Schwartz became CEO of the company, with existing Tim Hortons CEO Marc Caira becoming vice-chairman and director; Burger King itself still operated out of its existing headquarters in Miami. It was announced the deal would form the third-largest fast food restaurant company in the world.[42] On October 28, 2014, the deal was approved by the Competition Bureau of Canada,[44] but had yet to be approved by Industry Canada. The Bureau ruled that the deal was "unlikely to result in a substantial lessening or prevention of competition."[45]

text: Former CEO Marc Caira reassured the integrity of Tim Hortons following the purchase, stating that the acquisition would "enable us to move more quickly and efficiently to bring Tim Hortons iconic Canadian brand to a new global customer base."[42][46] On October 30, 2014, various media covered a Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives study which suggested that Burger King’s proposed takeover of Tim Hortons is "likely to have overwhelmingly negative consequences for Canadians."[47][48] This study analysed Burger King's private equity owner, 3G Capital, past takeovers of Burger King, Heinz, and Anheuser-Busch and declared that "it has a 30-year history of aggressive cost cutting, which could hurt Tim Hortons employees, small-businesspeople, Canadian taxpayers, and consumers."[47][49]

text: The deal was approved by Minister of Industry James Moore (of the governing Conservative Party of Canada) on December 4, 2014: The two companies agreed to Moore's conditions, requiring that the Burger King and Tim Hortons chains retain separate operations and not combine locations, maintain "significant employment levels" at the Oakville headquarters, and ensure that Canadians make up at least 30% of Tim Hortons' board of directors.[50] Tim Hortons shareholders approved the merger on December 9, 2014; the two chains merged under the new parent company Restaurant Brands International (RBI), which began trading on December 15, 2014.[51][52][53] According to CBC News, "how the government will enforce [Moore's] conditions is unclear."[54]

text: 2015–present: Recent years[edit]

text: In May 2015, the company announced the closure of its U.S. headquarters in Dublin, Ohio; in March 2015, it had 127 employees.[55] This headquarters was a relic of the former merger with Wendy's, which is also based in Dublin.[citation needed] In August 2016, Tim Hortons again changed presidents.[citation needed][56] In September 2016, Tim Hortons announced it would be expanding into the United Kingdom, with an unannounced number of locations to be built.[57]

text: Revenue in 2015 for RBI was US$4.0522 billion[5] with a rise to $4.15 billion in 2016.[58] Tim Hortons had 683 U.S. locations by the end of 2016, and total annual revenue of US $3.00 billion.[4]

text: In 2018, Tim Hortons became the subject of controversy after the raise of minimum wage in Ontario from $11.60 to $14.00 an hour. Some Tim Hortons franchises in Ontario indicated that employee benefits such as paid breaks and health plan contributions would be cut.[59] In one case, owners posted a memo encouraging employees to contact the Ontario Premier, Kathleen Wynne, and indicate that they "will not vote Liberal in the coming Ontario election in June 2018."[60] Wynne responded by saying "I'm happy to talk to any business owner about the minimum wage but taking it out on employees is not fair and not acceptable."[61] Around 50 demonstrations were held across Canada, including 38 in Ontario, in response to the benefit cuts.[62]

text: The minimum wage controversy hurt the chain's reputation; usually placing in the top 10 of the Leger research poll for the top 10 companies or brands in Canada, Tim Hortons dropped from 4th place in 2017 to 50th in 2018.[63]

text: In April 2018, Tim Hortons announced that they would be moving their head office along with its 400 employees to the Exchange Tower in Downtown Toronto.[64]

text: Locations[edit]

text: Tim Hortons was originally concentrated in Ontario and Atlantic Canada. In recent years, however, the chain has greatly expanded its presence into Quebec and western Canada.[65] Its location in Iqaluit, Nunavut, is the northernmost store as of 2010.[66]

text: Tim Hortons' international presence includes outlets in the United States and one that was on a military base outside Kandahar, Afghanistan,[67][68][69] although this latter outlet was principally intended for Canadian Armed Forces and allied military personnel. Two more outlets are located in military bases at Fort Knox, Kentucky,[70] and Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia.[71]  TDL Group recorded $1.48 billion in sales in 2005[72] and Tim Hortons' products have become available in Ireland and Scotland at some SPAR convenience stores as of 2006[73] and Tesco supermarkets.[74] Tim Hortons' other international expansions include a small outlet at the Dublin Zoo. Tim Hortons also made a deal with the Spar convenience store chain in the UK and Ireland, resulting in Tim Hortons coffee and doughnuts being sold at small self-service counters in 50 Spar stores as of April 30, 2007.[75] It also has a partnership with Tops Markets in the United States.[76]

text: In March 2010, Tim Hortons announced further expansion on both sides of the Canada–US border to be completed by 2013. The plan calls for 600 new stores in Canada (primarily in Quebec and Western Canada but also including smaller communities) and 300 new stores in the US (primarily in its existing markets of Michigan, New York, and Ohio). It also for expansion into such non-standard store locations as hospitals, universities, and airports, as well as extending its co-branding initiative with US ice cream chain Cold Stone Creamery, which began in 2009, to cover 60 Canadian stores and 25–35 new and existing US stores. It will also include testing a new café/bake shop concept in at least 10 existing US locations, including "enhanced finishes, fixtures, and seating areas" as well as an expansion of menu offerings.[77][78]

text: In October 2010, Tim Hortons confirmed that it is planning to open three kiosks at NorthMart stores in Iqaluit, Nunavut, in November 2010, as part of a joint venture with The North West Company, the owners of NorthMart. This opening will make Tim Hortons a fully Canadian operation with stores in every province and territory; the new branch will become its northernmost. The Tim Hortons logo in these kiosks will feature Inuktitut characters.[79] According to Nick Javor, senior vice-president of corporate affairs at Tim Hortons, "You could say it's overdue. If we can be in Kandahar, why can't we be in Iqaluit?"[80] In December 2011, Tim Hortons opened its 4000th restaurant.[81] In 2012, Tim Hortons Inc. recorded its total revenues at $3.12 billion (CDN).[81] As of 2012 the company had expanded across Canada.[81] As of June 30, 2013, Tim Hortons has 4,304 restaurants, including 3,802 in Canada[82], 807 in the United States, 29 in the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Persian Gulf.[83] Tim Hortons reportedly had plans by 2013 plans to enter the large Indian market, which the company denied.[39]

text: Tim Hortons officially opened its first Southeast Asian store in Manila, Philippines on February 28, 2017. [84]

text: In July 2018, Tim Hortons announced it will open more than 1500 branches in China over next decade.[85]

text: United States[edit]

text: Initially, the US stores were the result of natural expansion in Canada–U.S. border areas (e.g., stores in Maine and the Buffalo, New York area where Horton played from 1972 to 1974 as a member of the Buffalo Sabres). The first United States locations were opened in Deerfield Beach, Florida and Pompano Beach, Florida in 1981, but they proved unsuccessful and were closed.[86] In 1985, the chain returned to the US with a location on Niagara Falls Boulevard in the Buffalo suburb of Amherst, New York.[87] Starting in the mid-1990s, however, the chain began expanding in the US by acquiring former locations from fast food chains. In 1996 and 1997, thirty-seven former Rax Restaurants locations in Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia were bought by Wendy's International Inc.; 30 of these were converted to Tim Hortons, while the others became Wendy's franchise locations. Thirty-five closed Hardee's stores in the Detroit area were also purchased with the intention of being converted.[88] By 2004, the chain had also acquired 42 Bess Eaton coffee and doughnut restaurants situated in southern New England. Several combination Wendy's/Tim Hortons units were opened in the US; both in the "traditional" markets of Maine and Buffalo, where there were well over 180 locations as of 2011,[89] and in the markets entered through acquisition.

text: In October 2008, Tim Hortons announced a plan to add 82 locations in Tops Markets stores in the United States.[76]

text: On July 13, 2009, Tim Hortons opened stores in New York City at former Dunkin' Donuts locations operated by the Riese Organization. One of the stores is located at Madison Square Garden, where Horton played as a member of the New York Rangers from 1969 to 1971.[90] In 2009, Tim Hortons opened its first store in Albany, NY, with more stores on the way.[citation needed] Tim Hortons continued its southward expansion in the US by opening a restaurant at Naval Station Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia, in mid-December 2009.[citation needed] In November 2010, Tim Hortons announced it was closing 36 stores in the northeastern United States due to high competition with New England-based Dunkin' Donuts and Au Bon Pain. The stores, which made less than half the average company per-store sales, were concentrated heavily in the Providence, Rhode Island, and Hartford, Connecticut, areas, the former of which also has a concentration of stores from the locally-competing Honey Dew Donuts chain, itself with some 150 outlets in Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts. In the announcement, the chain stated that it will concentrate its efforts on its core markets such as western Canada. In the same statement, the company announced the sale of its portion of distribution company Maidstone Bakeries to Tim Hortons' European partners. It will use the C$400 million generated by the sale for a stock buyback.[91]

text: In 2010, Tim Hortons opened two kiosks at Consol Energy Center (now known as PPG Paints Arena) in Pittsburgh, partly as a test to eventual expansion into Pittsburgh (their closest locations at that point were in the Wheeling, West Virginia/Steubenville, Ohio area) as well as Pittsburgh Penguins star Sidney Crosby having a longtime sponsorship with the chain as well. In addition, Horton played for the Maple Leafs American Hockey League affiliate, the Pittsburgh Hornets, earlier in his career as well as the Penguins for one season in 1971–72.[92] Aramark, which operated the kiosks, closed them in 2012, however Tim Hortons proceeded to open full-service locations in Pittsburgh and surrounding areas in July 2012. At the time of the entry into Pittsburgh, of the four NHL cities Horton played in (Buffalo, New York City, Toronto, and Pittsburgh), Pittsburgh was the only one without a Tim Hortons location, and was also where Horton met his future wife, Lori.

text: 2011 saw Tim Hortons aggressively expanding into the Grand Rapids, Michigan region.[93] In 2012, Tim Hortons began advertising in the Youngstown, Ohio area in anticipation of an eventual expansion into the Mahoning Valley. The closest location at the time was in Calcutta, Ohio, about 50 miles south of Youngstown. The chain entered the area in July 2012 with the opening of a location in Hermitage, Pennsylvania.[94] As of 2012 the company had expanded across the US states of Connecticut, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and West Virginia.[81] The first expansion into Indiana was the opening of a location in Richmond, Indiana's east central side.[citation needed] On January 7, 2014, Tim Hortons opened a kiosk in the Gila River Arena (where the Arizona Coyotes of the NHL play) in Glendale, Arizona.[95] On March 5, 2014, The Arizona Coyotes announced that as of March 10, 2014, the Tim Hortons stand would be open to the public from 9:00 to 15:00, seven days a week.[96] This location is the first Tim Hortons in Arizona.[97] A flagship Tim Hortons location within the Buffalo area opened across from the KeyBank Center (then First Niagara Center) at the HarborCenter complex on October 29, 2014.[98] The location honours the life and legacy of Tim Horton. 2014 also saw expansion into North Dakota, with franchises open in Fargo, Grand Forks, and Minot.[citation needed] The chain also planned to open 40 outlets in the St. Louis, Missouri area starting in 2015, first selling coffee and hot chocolate at Scottrade Center during St. Louis Blues games, followed by the opening of a full-service store in the suburb of Maplewood and an "express" location inside a Frontenac bank building.[citation needed]

text: In 2016, Tim Hortons expand to Minnesota with a store inside Mall of America.[99]

text: Middle East[edit]

text: Through franchise partnership with Dubai-based Apparel Group, Tim Hortons entered the United Arab Emirates in 2011 with store openings in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Fujairah, with the first location opening in September 2011.[100] As of December 2013 it has 19 stores in the United Arab Emirates, two in Oman and two in Saudi Arabia. They plan to open up to 120 stores over the next five years in the Persian Gulf area, with a focus on Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates.[101][102]

text: Asia[edit]

text: In an effort to expand the company following its 2014 merger with Burger King into Restaurant Brands International, Tim Hortons began expansion in Asia in 2017 citing the increasing demand for coffee and large populations.[103]

text: Philippines[edit]

text: The first Asian branch was opened in the Philippines on February 28, 2017 at Uptown Mall in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig. Miss Universe Canada 2016, Siera Bearchell, was present for the ribbon-cutting ceremony. [104] As of  February 2018[update] there were 11 branches operating in the Philippines plus 24 more branches opening soon, (23 in Metro Manila and 1 in Pampanga Province). [105]

text: Europe[edit]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In 2016, Tim Hortons announced that they would be opening stores in the United Kingdom starting in 2017.

text: Glasgow saw the first UK store open its doors on June 2, 2017, with a further store opening in Bishopbriggs in November 2017.

text: In November 2017, two stores in Cardiff opened, with a second planned to be opened by the end of the 2017/18 financial year in Dunfermline.

text: In December 2017, two further stores were opened in Trafford in the towns of Sale and Altrincham. On December 20, 2017 the chain opened a store in the Golden Square Shopping Centre in Warrington.

text: As of May 2018, Tim Hortons has 17 locations in the United Kingdom. [106]

text: Spain[edit]

text: In December 2017, Tim Hortons opened two stores in the center of Madrid and soon they will open one in the city of Pozuelo, near Madrid. The menu also includes typical Mediterranean drinks apart from the typical drinks of a Tim Hortons.[107]

text: Store growth[edit]

text:
Tim Hortons milestones[108]

Store #
Location
Date
Note

1
Hamilton, Ontario
May 1964

100
Thunder Bay, Ontario
December 1978

200
Hamilton, Ontario
December 1984

300
Calgary, Alberta
February 1987

400
Halifax, Nova Scotia
February 1989

500
Aylmer, Quebec
January 1991

700
Moncton, New Brunswick
October 1993

1000
Ancaster, Ontario
August 1995

1500
Pickerington, Ohio
March 1997
also Wendy's 5000th store

100 in United States
Columbus, Ohio
July 31, 1998

2000
Toronto, Ontario
December 2000

2500
Cayuga, Ontario
September 2003

3000
Orchard Park, New York
December 14, 2006
[11]

500 in United States
Detroit, Michigan
2008

4 in Kuwait
Kuwait
2013

1 in Oman
Oman
2012

2 in Philippines
Philippines
February 28, 2017

13 in United Kingdom
United Kingdom
April 2017

19 in United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
September 2011

31 in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
2016

3 in Qatar
Doha, Qatar
May 2013

2 in Spain
Madrid, Spain
December 2017

3 in Mexico
Monterrey, Mexico
January 2018

tag: table

text: Partnerships [edit]

text: With Cold Stone Creamery[edit]

text: The parent company of Cold Stone Creamery, Kahala, announced in February 2009 that it had reached an agreement with Tim Hortons to open up to 100 co-branded stores in the United States after successfully testing two locations in Rhode Island.[109] The most notable co-branded store opened in August 2009 when Tim Hortons moved into three Cold Stone Creamery locations in New York City, including its flagship Times Square location.

text: In June 2009, Cold Stone Creamery started testing the Canadian market by opening its six co-branded locations with Tim Hortons in Ontario,[110] and began expanding its test markets in Canada, including Calgary, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario, New Brunswick, and British Columbia, and in the summer of 2010, Cold Stone Creamery moved into six Tim Hortons locations in Quebec and one in each of Charlottetown, and Summerside, PEI. However, in February 2014, Tim Hortons chief executive Marc Caira announced that they will be pulling Cold Stone Creamery from all its Canadian restaurants, although Tim Hortons would maintain its locations in the United States.[111]

text: Military partnerships[edit]

text: Tim Hortons has outlets located on at least seven Canadian Forces Bases.[112] TDL Group announced in March 2006, in response to a request by Chief of the Defence Staff, General Rick Hillier, its commitment to open a franchised location at the Canadian Forces operations base in Kandahar, Afghanistan. The new Kandahar location opened on July 1, 2006, in a 40-foot (12 m) trailer on the military base.[113] The 41 staff members of the Kandahar outlet have been drawn from the Canadian Forces Personnel Support Agency who received training on such matters as how to handle a potential nuclear or biological attack before working at the military base.[114] The Canadian Federal government subsidized the operation of the Kandahar outlet in the order of CAD$4–5 million per year.[115] The Kandahar Tim Hortons closed on November 29, 2011, after serving four million cups of coffee and three million doughnuts over five years.[116]

text: The first Tim Hortons outlet at a US military base was opened in 2009 at Fort Knox.[117] The following year, a second Tim Hortons outlet was opened at Naval Station Norfolk.[118] As of November 2011, Tim Hortons has five outlets open on four US military bases. Besides the first two, they are also at Naval Air Station Oceana, and two locations at the Aberdeen Proving Ground.[119]

text: Menu[edit]

text: Tim Hortons' first stores offered only two products – coffee and doughnuts.[11] Aside from its coffee, tea, hot chocolate, and doughnuts, the menu now contains a number of other baked goods, such as bagels – of which the brand sells one out of every two in the Canadian food service industry.[120] Nutritional information on most menu items is made available by the company in a two-page brochure and online. The brochure does not list ingredient information.[121]

text: Coffee and beverages[edit]

text: Tim Hortons' first stores offered only two products – coffee and doughnuts.[11] Aside from its coffee, tea, hot chocolate,[120] Hortons now serves other types of drinks as well, and in the mid-1990s the chain moved into specialty and premium items such as flavored cappuccino, iced cappuccino, and iced coffee.[122]

text: Originally featuring Pepsi products via fountain machines, the retailer changed in the mid-1990s to Coca-Cola products. For a time they offered bottled and canned Coca-Cola products, but switched back to bottled and canned Pepsi products in 2007. PepsiCo replaced the Coca-Cola products on United States restaurants in 2011, disappointing similar longtime PepsiCo rival Dunkin' Donuts. Dunkin' Donuts moved to Coca-Cola products only for United States restaurants in April 2012 because of this.[citation needed]

text: Despite an expansion in their food offerings around 2009, the brand remained heavily dependent on coffee sales.[123] In 2009, it was reported that 60% of their sales occur in the morning, and of that more than 50% is coffee.[123] The coffee served is a blend of 100% arabica beans. The "original blend" is a medium, balanced roast that is the most popular served coffee in Canada.[124] The chain has an "always fresh" policy where coffee is served within 20 minutes of brewing.[65]

text: In November 2011, the company announced that they would be adding espresso machines in 1,000 of their locations, later that month.[125] Lattes were added to Ontario stores on November 14, 2011. In February 2012, they offered a new beverage, White Hot Chocolate, in select branches.[citation needed] On April 16, 2012, the brand launched frozen lemonade, in two flavours: original and raspberry.[126] In May 2014, they first offered frozen green tea.[citation needed] On August 15, 2014, the company added a dark roast coffee blend as an alternative.[127] In the summer of 2015, they introduced a frozen drink called Creamy Chocolate Chill which was essentially a chocolate milkshake topped with chocolate whipped cream and drizzled with chocolate syrup. In addition to the Creamy Chocolate Chill, they also launched a Maple Chill, a maple milkshake topped with regular whipped cream and sprinkled with maple flakes.[citation needed]

text: Food items[edit]

text: The menu contains a number of other baked goods, such as doughnut holes (branded as Timbits), muffins, croissants, tea biscuits, cookies, rolls, danishes, and bagels.[120] Take-home cakes are offered in some locations.[citation needed] The dutchie is a Canadian doughnut popularized by the Tim Hortons chain.[128]

text: Since the mid-1990s, the chain has moved into other areas beyond donuts and coffee, including specialty and premium items such as New York-style cheesecake, and a lunch selection that includes soups, chili, and submarine-style sandwiches. In fall 2006, the chain began rolling out a breakfast sandwich. The sandwich consists of an egg patty, processed cheese slice, either ham, bacon or sausage as the topper, and is placed on either a biscuit, English muffin or bagel.[122] In October 2007, they launched a chicken fajita wrap, which contained spiced chicken and sautéed vegetables. This was discontinued and replaced a year later with the barbecue and ranch chicken wrap snackers. In December 2007, they introduced hash browns and the "Bagel B.E.L.T.", a breakfast sandwich of bacon, egg, lettuce and tomato on a bagel.[citation needed] In February 2009, they announced co-branding with American ice cream parlor Cold Stone Creamery. The deal called for each chain to convert 50 stores into dual-operation franchises, for a total of 100 stores. The idea was successfully tested at two stores in Rhode Island.[129][130][131][132] Despite this expansion, the brand remained heavily dependent on coffee sales.[123] In February 2014, Tim Hortons announced that the dutchie timbit was discontinued due to low popularity.[133]

text: Baking methods and lawsuit[edit]

text: Coupled with the expansion and expanded menu came the outsourcing of baked goods. Doughnuts, which used to be made at night to be ready for the morning rush, are now parbaked – partly cooked and then frozen and delivered to every restaurant in Canada from Brantford, Ontario.[65] Each restaurant bakes and finishes the product throughout the day. As of  April 2007[update], many of the various muffin batters were being revoked, as frozen, pre-made and pre-wrapped muffins were being introduced at Tim Hortons locations.[134]

text: Tim Hortons switch to a parbaking system disappointed some customers, who noted that it contradicts the chain's "always fresh" slogan. David Swick reported in the Halifax Daily News on September 19, 2003, Tim Hortons outlets in Atlantic Canada would no longer serve fresh donuts, but rather donuts that had been remotely factory-fried and then frozen and shipped.[135] In 2008, two franchisees initiated a class-action lawsuit against the parent company for the switch to parbaking, "claiming breach of contract, breach of duty of fair dealing, negligent misrepresentation, and unjust enrichment".[136] The lawsuit cited that parbaking tripled the franchisee's fixed cost to produce a doughnut (from 6 cents per doughnut to 18 cents),[137] required the purchase of new freezers and microwaves, and reduced profitability for the franchises while increasing profits for the parent company.[136] Franchise owners are required to purchase food products from the Brantford-based parbaking company owned by IAWS Group PLC,[137] and had originally been told the price of each doughnut would be 11 or 12 cents (and each Timbit 4.6 cents).[138] The case was dismissed in February 2012.[139]

text: A 2009 New York Times article contrasted the baked from scratch at stores approach of Krispy Kreme and some Dunkin' Donuts locations compared to the "flash frozen" and shipped Tim Hortons method. The Times article also noted an apparent scarcity of doughnut specialties such as the dutchie at newly opened Tim Hortons stores in New York City. Noting that "American visitors tend to flock to the sweets", including the "raisin-studded Dutchie", the Times found redemption among Canadians that the brand was once again a Canada-based company while contrasting the way politicians in the US "woo" soccer moms while in Canada they "go after Tim Hortons voters".[140]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Tim Hortons' advertising slogans have included "You've Always Got Time for Tim Hortons" and starting in the mid-2000s, "Always Fresh. Always Tim Hortons." While both of these slogans are still used, Tim Hortons began using an alternative slogan, "It's Time for Tims" in November 2011.[citation needed]

text: Canadian Business magazine named Tim Hortons as the best-managed brand in Canada in 2004 and 2005.[141][142][143][144]

text: Since 2005, Tim Hortons has been the title sponsor of the Brier, the annual Canadian men's curling championships, along with the Canadian Ringette Championships.[145] Resultant sponsored events include the Tim Hortons Brier Shot of the Week Award, 2013 Tim Hortons Brier, 2016 Tim Hortons Brier, and the 2014 Tim Hortons Brier among other years.[citation needed]

text: Shortly before December 2007, they discontinued their gift certificates, and replaced them with the Quickpay Tim Card,[146] with the Christmas slogan "Because it's hard to wrap a double double" (coffee with two sugars and two cream). Many locations still accept gift certificates, however.[citation needed]

text: In September 2006, Tim Hortons courted controversy by mandating that employees were not to wear red as part of the Red Fridays campaign by families of the military to show support for Canadian troops. Within a few hours, Tim Hortons partially reversed its position and has allowed staff in Ontario stores to wear red ribbons or pins to show support for the wear red on Fridays campaign.[147]

text: In June 2009, Tim Hortons USA created Twitter and Facebook pages to drive online traffic.[148][149] After Tim Hortons had agreed to provide 250 cups of free coffee in 2009 for a "Marriage and Family Day" hosted by the National Organization for Marriage, the company removed its sponsorship after it was revealed that the NOM was an organization that campaigns against gay marriage.[150] The company stated the sponsorship was a violation of the company's policy not to sponsor events "representing religious groups, political affiliates or lobby groups."[150][151][152]

text: On July 12, 2013, it was announced that Tim Hortons had acquired the naming rights to the new stadium being built in Hamilton, Ontario. The new stadium took on the name of Tim Hortons Field. It became the home stadium of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 2014.[153] The corporate-sponsored statdium name was not used during the 2015 Pan American Games, when the stadium hosted soccer matches.[citation needed]

text: In June 2015, Tim Hortons pulled a four-week advertising campaign by energy company Enbridge from its in-store "Tims TV" service after three weeks following a petition by the advocacy group, SumOfUs. Even though the ads were part of a general "Life Takes Energy" campaign introduced by Enbridge the previous year, the group argued that Tim Hortons' airing of the ads implied an endorsement of controversial projects under development by Enbridge, such as the Northern Gateway pipeline, going on to say that "Enbridge's ad campaign uses attractive actors, cute kids and high production values to hide the real truth — its tar sands project will put ecosystems, salmon and wildlife in danger, create virtually no local jobs, and accelerate climate change." The decision to pull the ads, however, resulted in a boycott of Tim Hortons led by Wildrose Party leader Brian Jean, who felt that the decision was an attack on Alberta's oil industry, as Enbridge is one of the province's top-employing companies.[154][155][156][157]

text: Roll Up the Rim to Win campaign[edit]

text: Each February, Tim Hortons holds a marketing campaign called Roll Up the Rim to Win. As of 2007, over 31 million prizes were distributed each year,[158] including vehicles, televisions, and store products. Customers determine if they have won prizes by unrolling the rim on their paper cups when they have finished their drink, revealing the result underneath. Prizes are not distributed randomly country-wide; each of the company's distribution regions has distinct prize-winning odds.[159] The idea for the campaign began in 1985 when Roger Wilson of one of Tim Hortons' supplier of cups, Lily Cup company, approached Tim Hortons with a new idea to increase their sales. Wilson explained his company had created a new cup design that allowed a message to be printed under the rim; the cup type cost no more than the current one and could enable a promotion, like a contest.[160] Recognizing the opportunity to promote coffee in the normally weak sales period in the spring, the Roll Up the Rim to Win campaign was first held in 1986 when the biggest prize was a snackbox of Timbits.[161] In 2008, over 88% of major prizes were redeemed.[162]

text: The contest is popular enough that Paul Kind has invented the Rimroller (as seen on Dragons' Den), a device for rolling up the rim mechanically.[163] In March 2006, two families were fighting over the Toyota RAV4 SUV prize of C$32,000 value when their daughters found a winning "roll up the rim" coffee cup in a garbage bin of an elementary school in Saint-Jérôme, north of Montreal. The younger girl had found a cup in the garbage bin and could not roll up the rim, so requested the help of an older girl. Once the winning cup was revealed, the older girl's family stated that they deserved the prize. Tim Hortons originally stated that they would not intervene in the dispute. A further complication arose when Quebec lawyer Claude Archambault requested a DNA test be done on the cup. He claimed that his unnamed client had thrown out the cup and was the rightful recipient of the prize.[164] On April 19, 2006, Tim Hortons announced that they had decided to award the prize to the younger girl who had initially found the cup.[165]

text: During July 2017, to mark Canada's 150th Birthday, Tim Hortons held a special one month "Roll Up The Rim to Win" campaign. The cups were white, with a Maple Leaf in red, and clip-art of fireworks. Losing cups had "HAPPY CANADA 150th / JOYEUX 150e DU CANADA." instead of the usual "Please Play Again".

text: Prizes included an "Ultimate Canadian Vacation" valued up to $10,000 (or a cheque for the cash value), $50 Tim Hortons Cards, and food prizes. It launched June 28, 2017 and ran till July 31, 2017 or while supplies lasted.

text: Scroll Up the Rim[edit]

text: In 2018, Tim Hortons added a digital application, Scroll Up the Rim, that gives participants an extra chance to win. The prizes are limited to coffee drinks and doughnuts and there are a total of 465,000 prizes available until March 6, 2018.[166]

text: Canadian cultural fixture[edit]

text: Tim Hortons is popularly known as "Timmies".[167] The ubiquity of Tim Hortons, through the wide expansion of its outlets, makes it a prominent feature of Canadian life; Canadians eat more doughnuts per capita and have more doughnut outlets per capita than any other nation.[168][169] Tim Hortons' prevalence in the coffee and doughnut market has led to its branding as a Canadian cultural icon. The media routinely refer to its iconic status, despite this being a relatively recent development; there were only a few outlets before the chain's expansion in the late 1990s and 2000s.[142][143][170][171][172][173] A series of Tim's television commercials promotes this idea by showing vignettes of Canadians abroad and their homesickness for Tim Hortons. Canadian author Pierre Berton once wrote: "In so many ways the story of Tim Hortons is the essential Canadian story. It is a story of success and tragedy, of big dreams and small towns, of old-fashioned values and tough-fisted business, of hard work and of hockey."[142]

text: Some commentators have bemoaned the rise of Tim Hortons as a national symbol. Rudyard Griffiths, director of The Dominion Institute, wrote in the Toronto Star in July 2006 that the ascension of the chain to the status of cultural icon was a "worrying sign" for Canadian nationalism, adding, "Surely Canada can come up with a better moniker than the Timbit Nation."[174]

text: The recognition of Tim Hortons as a Canadian icon has permeated into American culture as the result of product placement efforts in conjunction with a marketing agency.[175] In the American situation comedy How I Met Your Mother, while standing in a Tim Hortons "just around the corner from the Hockey Hall of Fame", Robin, played by Canadian actress Cobie Smulders, called the location the "most Canadian place in the universe". The chain has since embraced that comment as an unofficial slogan and has used it in promotional advertisements to emphasize their fixture in modern Canadian culture.

text: The chain has also been featured in the TV series Homeland as a result of the aforementioned product placement campaign.[175]

text: Another TV show that has Tim Hortons products making an appearance is The Last Ship, having a product placement deal.

text: Community involvement[edit]

text: Tim Hortons sponsor community outreach programs including Free Skating, Free Swimming, Earn-a-Bike Program, Remembrance Day, Food Drives, the Smile Cookie program, Enactus, as well as a community clean-up project.[176]

text: The store promotes itself through the "Tim Horton Children's Foundation." Founded by Ron Joyce, the Foundation sponsors thousands of underprivileged children from Canada and the United States to go to one of six high-class summer camps located in Parry Sound, ON; Tatamagouche, NS; Kananaskis, AB; Quyon, QC; Campbellsville, KY; St. George, ON and most recently, Whiteshell, MB.[177][178]

text: The foundation's highest-profile fundraiser is Camp Day, which is held annually on the Wednesday of the first full week in June. All proceeds from coffee sales at most Tim Hortons locations, as well as proceeds from related activities held that day, are donated to the foundation. Small stores located in Esso Service Stations do not donate coffee proceeds on Camp Day.[179]

text: Joyce's work with the Tim Horton Children's Foundation earned him the Gary Wright Humanitarian Award in 1991, presented periodically in recognition of contributions to the betterment of community life throughout Canada.[180] In recognition primarily for his work with the Foundation, he received an appointment to the Order of Canada, with the official presentation taking place on October 21, 1992, in Ottawa.[180]


document_title: List of U.S. states and territories by area

question_text: five largest states in the us by area

question_tokens: five largest states in the us by area

text: Area by state/territory[edit]

text:
Total area[2]
Land area[2]
Water[2]

State/territory
Rank
sq mi
km²
Rank
sq mi
km²
 % land
Rank
sq mi
km²
 % water

 Alaska
7000100000000000000♠1
665,384.04
1,723,337
7000100000000000000♠1
570,640.95
1,477,953
7001857600000000000♠85.76%
7000100000000000000♠1
94,743.10
245,384
7001142400000000000♠14.24%

 Texas
7000200000000000000♠2
268,596.46
695,662
7000200000000000000♠2
261,231.71
676,587
7001972600000000000♠97.26%
7000800000000000000♠8
7,364.75
19,075
7000274000000000000♠2.74%

 California
7000300000000000000♠3
163,694.74
423,967
7000300000000000000♠3
155,779.22
403,466
7001951600000000000♠95.16%
7000600000000000000♠6
7,915.52
20,501
7000484000000000000♠4.84%

 Montana
7000400000000000000♠4
147,039.71
380,831
7000400000000000000♠4
145,545.80
376,962
7001989800000000000♠98.98%
7001260000000000000♠26
1,493.91
3,869
7000102000000000000♠1.02%

 New Mexico
7000500000000000000♠5
121,590.30
314,917
7000500000000000000♠5
121,298.15
314,161
7001997600000000000♠99.76%
7001490000000000000♠49
292.15
757
6999240000000000000♠0.24%

 Arizona
7000600000000000000♠6
113,990.30
295,234
7000600000000000000♠6
113,594.08
294,207
7001996500000000000♠99.65%
7001480000000000000♠48
396.22
1,026
6999350000000000000♠0.35%

 Nevada
7000700000000000000♠7
110,571.82
286,380
7000700000000000000♠7
109,781.18
284,332
7001992800000000000♠99.28%
7001360000000000000♠36
790.65
2,048
6999720000000000000♠0.72%

 Colorado
7000800000000000000♠8
104,093.67
269,601
7000800000000000000♠8
103,641.89
268,431
7001995700000099999♠99.57%
7001440000000000000♠44
451.78
1,170
6999430000000000000♠0.43%

 Oregon
7000900000000000000♠9
98,378.54
254,799
7001100000000000000♠10
95,988.01
248,608
7001975700000099999♠97.57%
7001200000000000000♠20
2,390.53
6,191
7000243000000000000♠2.43%

 Wyoming
7001100000000000000♠10
97,813.01
253,335
7000900000000000000♠9
97,093.14
251,470
7001992600000000000♠99.26%
7001370000000000000♠37
719.87
1,864
6999740000000000000♠0.74%

 Michigan
7001110000000000000♠11
96,713.51
250,487
7001220000000000000♠22
56,538.90
146,435
7001584600000000000♠58.46%
7000200000000000000♠2
40,174.61
104,052
7001415400000000000♠41.54%

 Minnesota
7001120000000000000♠12
86,935.83
225,163
7001140000000000000♠14
79,626.74
206,232
7001915900000000000♠91.59%
7000900000000000000♠9
7,309.09
18,930
7000841000000000000♠8.41%

 Utah
7001130000000000000♠13
84,896.88
219,882
7001120000000000000♠12
82,169.62
212,818
7001967900000000000♠96.79%
7001170000000000000♠17
2,727.26
7,064
7000321000000000000♠3.21%

 Idaho
7001140000000000000♠14
83,568.95
216,443
7001110000000000000♠11
82,643.12
214,045
7001988900000000000♠98.89%
7001330000000000000♠33
925.83
2,398
7000111000000000000♠1.11%

 Kansas
7001150000000000000♠15
82,278.36
213,100
7001130000000000000♠13
81,758.72
211,754
7001993700000000000♠99.37%
7001420000000000000♠42
519.64
1,346
6999630000000000000♠0.63%

 Nebraska
7001160000000000000♠16
77,347.81
200,330
7001150000000000000♠15
76,824.17
198,974
7001993200000099999♠99.32%
7001410000000000000♠41
523.64
1,356
6999680000000000000♠0.68%

 South Dakota
7001170000000000000♠17
77,115.68
199,729
7001160000000000000♠16
75,811.00
196,350
7001983100000000000♠98.31%
7001290000000000000♠29
1,304.68
3,379
7000169000000000000♠1.69%

 Washington
7001180000000000000♠18
71,297.95
184,661
7001200000000000000♠20
66,455.52
172,119
7001932100000099999♠93.21%
7001110000000000000♠11
4,842.43
12,542
7000679000000000000♠6.79%

  North Dakota
7001190000000000000♠19
70,698.32
183,108
7001170000000000000♠17
69,000.80
178,711
7001976000000000000♠97.60%
7001240000000000000♠24
1,697.52
4,397
7000240000000000000♠2.40%

 Oklahoma
7001200000000000000♠20
69,898.87
181,037
7001190000000000000♠19
68,594.92
177,660
7001981300000000000♠98.13%
7001300000000000000♠30
1,303.95
3,377
7000187000000000000♠1.87%

 Missouri
7001210000000000000♠21
69,706.99
180,540
7001180000000000000♠18
68,741.52
178,040
7001986100000000000♠98.61%
7001320000000000000♠32
965.47
2,501
7000138990000099999♠1.39%

 Florida
7001220000000000000♠22
65,757.70
170,312
7001260000000000000♠26
53,624.76
138,887
7001815500000000000♠81.55%
7000300000000000000♠3
12,132.94
31,424
7001184500000000000♠18.45%

 Wisconsin
7001230000000000000♠23
65,496.38
169,635
7001250000000000000♠25
54,157.80
140,268
7001826900000000000♠82.69%
7000400000000000000♠4
11,338.57
29,367
7001173109999900000♠17.31%

 Georgia
7001240000000000000♠24
59,425.15
153,910
7001210000000000000♠21
57,513.49
148,959
7001967800000000000♠96.78%
7001220000000000000♠22
1,911.66
4,951
7000322000000000000♠3.22%

 Illinois
7001250000000000000♠25
57,913.55
149,995
7001240000000000000♠24
55,518.93
143,793
7001958700000000000♠95.87%
7001190000000000000♠19
2,394.62
6,202
7000413000000000000♠4.13%

 Iowa
7001260000000000000♠26
56,272.81
145,746
7001230000000000000♠23
55,857.13
144,669
7001992600000000000♠99.26%
7001450000000000000♠45
415.68
1,077
6999740000000000000♠0.74%

 New York
7001270000000000000♠27
54,554.98
141,297
7001300000000000000♠30
47,126.40
122,057
7001863800000000000♠86.38%
7000700000000000000♠7
7,428.58
19,240
7001136200000099999♠13.62%

 North Carolina
7001280000000000000♠28
53,819.16
139,391
7001290000000000000♠29
48,617.91
125,920
7001903400000000000♠90.34%
7001100000000000000♠10
5,201.25
13,471
7000966000000000000♠9.66%

 Arkansas
7001290000000000000♠29
53,178.55
137,732
7001270000000000000♠27
52,035.48
134,771
7001978500000000000♠97.85%
7001310000000000000♠31
1,143.07
2,961
7000215000000000000♠2.15%

 Alabama
7001300000000000000♠30
52,420.07
135,767
7001280000000000000♠28
50,645.33
131,171
7001966100000000000♠96.61%
7001230000000000000♠23
1,774.74
4,597
7000339000000000000♠3.39%

 Louisiana
7001310000000000000♠31
52,378.13
135,659
7001330000000000000♠33
43,203.90
111,898
7001824800000000000♠82.48%
7000500000000000000♠5
9,174.23
23,761
7001175200000000000♠17.52%

 Mississippi
7001320000000000000♠32
48,431.78
125,438
7001310000000000000♠31
46,923.27
121,531
7001968900000000000♠96.89%
7001250000000000000♠25
1,508.51
3,907
7000311000000000000♠3.11%

 Pennsylvania
7001330000000000000♠33
46,054.35
119,280
7001320000000000000♠32
44,742.70
115,883
7001971500000000000♠97.15%
7001280000000000000♠28
1,311.64
3,397
7000285000000000000♠2.85%

 Ohio
7001340000000000000♠34
44,825.58
116,098
7001350000000000000♠35
40,860.69
105,829
7001911500000000000♠91.15%
7001140000000000000♠14
3,964.89
10,269
7000885000000000000♠8.85%

 Virginia
7001350000000000000♠35
42,774.93
110,787
7001360000000000000♠36
39,490.09
102,279
7001923200000099999♠92.32%
7001150000000000000♠15
3,284.84
8,508
7000768000000000000♠7.68%

 Tennessee
7001360000000000000♠36
42,144.25
109,153
7001340000000000000♠34
41,234.90
106,798
7001978400000000000♠97.84%
7001350000000000000♠35
909.36
2,355
7000216000000000000♠2.16%

 Kentucky
7001370000000000000♠37
40,407.80
104,656
7001370000000000000♠37
39,486.34
102,269
7001977200000000000♠97.72%
7001340000000000000♠34
921.46
2,387
7000227990000099999♠2.28%

 Indiana
7001380000000000000♠38
36,419.55
94,326
7001380000000000000♠38
35,826.11
92,789
7001983700000000000♠98.37%
7001390000000000000♠39
593.44
1,537
7000162990000000000♠1.63%

 Maine
7001390000000000000♠39
35,379.74
91,633
7001390000000000000♠39
30,842.92
79,883
7001871800000000000♠87.18%
7001120000000000000♠12
4,536.82
11,750
7001128200000000000♠12.82%

 South Carolina
7001400000000000000♠40
32,020.49
82,933
7001400000000000000♠40
30,060.70
77,857
7001938800000000000♠93.88%
7001210000000000000♠21
1,959.79
5,076
7000612000000000000♠6.12%

 West Virginia
7001410000000000000♠41
24,230.04
62,756
7001410000000000000♠41
24,038.21
62,259
7001992100000099999♠99.21%
7001500000000000000♠50
191.83
497
6999790000000000000♠0.79%

 Maryland
7001420000000000000♠42
12,405.93
32,131
7001420000000000000♠42
9,707.24
25,142
7001782500000000000♠78.25%
7001180000000000000♠18
2,698.69
6,990
7001217500000000000♠21.75%

 Hawaii
7001430000000000000♠43
10,931.72
28,313
7001470000000000000♠47
6,422.63
16,635
7001587500000000000♠58.75%
7001130000000000000♠13
4,509.09
11,678
7001412500000000000♠41.25%

 Massachusetts
7001440000000000000♠44
10,554.39
27,336
7001450000000000000♠45
7,800.06
20,202
7001739000000000000♠73.90%
7001160000000000000♠16
2,754.33
7,134
7001261000000000000♠26.10%

 Vermont
7001450000000000000♠45
9,616.36
24,906
7001430000000000000♠43
9,216.66
23,871
7001958400000000000♠95.84%
7001460000000000000♠46
399.71
1,035
7000416000000000000♠4.16%

 New Hampshire
7001460000000000000♠46
9,349.16
24,214
7001440000000000000♠44
8,952.65
23,187
7001957600000000000♠95.76%
7001470000000000000♠47
396.51
1,027
7000424000000000000♠4.24%

 New Jersey
7001470000000000000♠47
8,722.58
22,591
7001460000000000000♠46
7,354.22
19,047
7001843100000000000♠84.31%
7001270000000000000♠27
1,368.36
3,544
7001156900000000000♠15.69%

 Connecticut
7001480000000000000♠48
5,543.41
14,357
7001480000000000000♠48
4,842.36
12,542
7001873500000000000♠87.35%
7001380000000000000♠38
701.06
1,816
7001126500000000000♠12.65%

 Delaware
7001490000000000000♠49
2,488.72
6,446
7001490000000000000♠49
1,948.54
5,047
7001782900000000000♠78.29%
7001400000000000000♠40
540.18
1,399
7001217100000000000♠21.71%

 Rhode Island
7001500000000000000♠50
1,544.89
4,001
7001500000000000000♠50
1,033.81
2,678
7001669200000000000♠66.92%
7001430000000000000♠43
511.07
1,324
7001330800000000000♠33.08%

 District of Columbia
7002100000000000000♠
68.34
177
7002100000000000000♠
61.05
158
7001893300000000000♠89.33%
7002100000000000000♠
7.29
19
7001106700000000000♠10.67%

 Puerto Rico
7002100000000000000♠
5,324.84
13,791
7002100000000000000♠
3,423.78
8,868
7001643000000000000♠64.30%
7002100000000000000♠
1,901.07
4,924
7001357000000000000♠35.70%

 Northern Mariana Islands
7002100000000000000♠
1,975.57
5,117
7002100000000000000♠
182.33
472
7000923000000000000♠9.23%
7002100000000000000♠
1,793.24
4,644
7001907700000000000♠90.77%

 United States Virgin Islands
7002100000000000000♠
732.93
1,898
7002100000000000000♠
134.32
348
7001183309999999999♠18.33%
7002100000000000000♠
598.61
1,550
7001816700000000000♠81.67%

 American Samoa
7002100000000000000♠
581.05
1,505
7002100000000000000♠
76.46
198
7001131600000000000♠13.16%
7002100000000000000♠
504.60
1,307
7001868400000000000♠86.84%

 Guam
7002100000000000000♠
570.62
1,478
7002100000000000000♠
209.80
543
7001367700000000000♠36.77%
7002100000000000000♠
360.82
935
7001632300000000000♠63.23%

 Minor Outlying Islands[3][a]
7002100000000000000♠
16.00
41
7002100000000000000♠
16.00
41
—
7002100000000000000♠
—
—
—

 Contiguous United States
Total
3,120,426.47
8,081,867
7002100000000000000♠
2,954,841.42
7,653,004
7001946900000000000♠94.69%
7002100000000000000♠
165,584.6
428,862
7000530990000099999♠5.31%

 50 states and D.C.
Total
3,796,742.23
9,833,517
7002100000000000000♠
3,531,905.43
9,147,593
7001930200000000000♠93.02%
7002100000000000000♠
264,836.79
685,924
7000698000000000000♠6.98%

 All U.S. territory
Total
3,805,943.26
9,857,348
7002100000000000000♠
3,535,948.12
9,158,064
7001929100000000000♠92.91%
7002100000000000000♠
269,995.13
699,284
7000709000000000000♠7.09%

text: Area by division[edit]

text: All divisions presented below are as configured by the United States Census Bureau.

text:
Total area[2]
Land area[2]
Water[2]

Division
Rank
sq mi
km²
Rank
sq mi
km²
 % land
Rank
sq mi
km²
 % water

East North Central
7000500000000000000♠5
301,368.57
780,541
7000600000000000000♠6
242,902.44
629,114

7000200000000000000♠2
58,466.13
151,427

East South Central
7000700000000000000♠7
183,403.89
475,014
7000700000000000000♠7
178,289.83
461,769

7000900000000000000♠9
5,114.60
13,247

Middle Atlantic
7000800000000000000♠8
109,331.89
283,168
7000800000000000000♠8
99,223.32
256,987

7000600000000000000♠6
10,108.57
26,181

Mountain
7000200000000000000♠2
863,564.63
2,236,622
7000200000000000000♠2
855,766.98
2,216,426

7000800000000000000♠8
7,797.65
20,196

New England
7000900000000000000♠9
71,987.96
186,448
7000900000000000000♠9
62,668.46
162,311

7000700000000000000♠7
9,299.50
24,086

Pacific
7000100000000000000♠1
1,009,687.00
2,615,077
7000100000000000000♠1
895,286.33
2,318,781

7000100000000000000♠1
114,400.67
296,296

South Atlantic
7000600000000000000♠6
292,990.46
758,842
7000500000000000000♠5
265,061.97
686,507

7000300000000000000♠3
27,928.49
72,334

West North Central
7000300000000000000♠3
520,355.80
1,347,715
7000300000000000000♠3
507,620.08
1,314,730

7000500000000000000♠5
12,735.72
32,985

West South Central
7000400000000000000♠4
444,052.01
1,150,089
7000400000000000000♠4
425,066.01
1,100,916

7000400000000000000♠4
18,986.00
49,174

text: Area by region[edit]

text: All regions presented below are as configured by the United States Census Bureau.

text:
Total area[2]
Land area[2]
Water[2]

Region
Rank
sq mi
km²
Rank
sq mi
km²
 % land
Rank
sq mi
km²
 % water

Midwest
7000300000000000000♠3
821,724.38
2,128,256
7000300000000000000♠3
750,522.52
1,943,844

7000200000000000000♠2
71,201.86
184,412

Northeast
7000400000000000000♠4
181,319.85
469,616
7000400000000000000♠4
161,911.78
419,350

7000400000000000000♠4
19,408.07
50,267

South
7000200000000000000♠2
920,446.37
2,383,945
7000200000000000000♠2
868,417.82
2,249,192

7000300000000000000♠3
52,028.55
134,753

West
7000100000000000000♠1
1,873,251.63
4,851,699
7000100000000000000♠1
1,751,053.31
4,535,207

7000100000000000000♠1
122,198.32
316,492

text:
U.S. states by total area

U.S. states by land area

U.S. states by water area

U.S. states by water percentage

Alaska is the largest state by total area, land area, and water area. It is the 7th largest country subdivision in the world.[citation needed]

The area of Alaska is 7001180000000000000♠18% of the area of the United States and 7001210000000000000♠21% of the area of the contiguous United States

The second largest state, Texas, is only 7001400000000000000♠40% of the total area of the largest state, Alaska

Rhode Island is the smallest state by total area and land area

San Bernardino County is the largest county in the contiguous U.S. and is larger than each of the nine smallest states; it is larger than the four smallest states combined.

Michigan is second (after Alaska) in water area, and first in water percentage

Florida is mostly a peninsula, and has the third largest water area and seventh largest water area percentage

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