document_title: Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

question_text: who played jamie in malcom in the middle

text: Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

text: Characters[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2014)

tag: table

text: Originally there were four brothers (although Malcolm's oldest brother attended a military school away from home, so Malcolm was still the middle sibling left at home). A fifth son was introduced in the show's fourth season, a boy named Jamie. The boys are, from eldest to youngest: Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie. In the final episode, Lois discovered she was pregnant with a sixth child. In the third season, Francis travels home (to celebrate his father's birthday) with an Alaskan girl named Piama, and reveals that they are married.

tag: p

text: During the first season, the writers decided to keep the family's last name a mystery. In the fifth season episode "Reese Joins the Army (1)", Reese uses a fake ID by the name of "Jetson" to lie about his age. In the series finale, "Graduation", Francis' employee ID reads "Nolastname" (or "No Last Name", a joke referring to the fact that the family name was never spoken aloud). In the same episode when Malcolm was introduced to give the graduation speech, the speaker announces Malcolm's name, but microphone feedback makes his surname inaudible, even though he does appear to mouth the phrase "No last name".[1]

text: In the pilot episode, the name Wilkerson can be seen on the name badge of the uniform Francis is wearing at Marlin Academy. In the sleeve notes for the season 5 DVD released in Europe, the family is referred to as the Wilkersons in the description for the episode "Block Party". British television advertisements and some Fox promotional material also occasionally referred to the family as the Wilkersons, although this name was never spoken aloud in the series. In an early version of the pilot, Malcolm had an exchange of dialogue with a classmate, who claims to have overheard his parents talking about Malcolm's family and asks him what his last name is. When Malcolm responds, "Wilkerson, why?" the friend replied with the punchline, "Oh...who are the 'Pariahs'?"

text: Out of the show's six leads, Cranston, Muniz, Berfield and Sullivan were the only ones to appear in all 151 episodes.

text: Character Appearances[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Season

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Main characters

Jane Kaczmarek
Lois
Main

Bryan Cranston
Hal
Main

Christopher Masterson
Francis
Main
Recurring

Justin Berfield
Reese
Main

Erik Per Sullivan
Dewey
Main

Frankie Muniz
Malcolm
Main

James and Lukas Rodriguez
Jamie

Recurring
Main

Catherine Lloyd Burns
Caroline Miller
Main
Recurring

Recurring characters

Craig Lamar Traylor
Stevie Kenarban
Recurring

David Anthony Higgins
Craig Feldspar
Recurring

Gary Anthony Williams
Abe Kenarban
Recurring

Evan Matthew Cohen
Lloyd
Recurring

Kyle Sullivan
Dabney
Recurring

Daniel Von Bargen
Edwin Spangler
Recurring
Flashback

Will Jennings
Kyle
Recurring

Flashback

Drew Powell
Drew Horton
Recurring

Flashback

Arjay Smith
Ken Finley
Recurring

Flashback

Karim Prince
Stanley Winn
Recurring

Eric Nenninger
Eric Hansen
Guest
Recurring
Flashback

Merrin Dungey
Kitty Kenarban
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Guest

Kasan Butcher
Joe
Guest
Recurring

Flashback

Tania Raymonde
Cynthia

Recurring
Guest
Guest

Cloris Leachman
Ida

Guest
Recurring

Emy Coligado
Piama Tananahaakna

Recurring

Chris Eigeman
Lionel Herkabe

Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Victor Z. Isaac
Kevin

Recurring

Brenda Wehle
Lavernia

Recurring

Sandy Ward
Pete

Recurring

John Ennis
Artie

Recurring

Kenneth Mars
Otto Mannkusser

Recurring

Meagen Fay
Gretchen Mannkusser

Recurring

text: The Family[edit]

text: Hal[edit]

text: Hal, played by Bryan Cranston (all 151 episodes), is the father of the family. Though relaxed in his parenting when compared to Lois, Hal has shown that he can slide into a disciplinarian when confronted by the boys' bad behavior. He comes from a wealthy family who resent his choice to marry Lois over Susan (an action also shared by Victor and Ida). Hal has a hard time making good decisions, which he often deferred to Lois. Despite the fact many of the neighbors hate his family, Hal blends in well with them. He loves Lois more than she loves him, never even thinking about other women. He is also very scared of her, even more than the boys are, which is why he often bribes their sons to take the fall for his wrongdoings. He is very neurotic and has a slight obsessive-compulsive disorder, and also enjoys unusual hobbies. Hal is also a sex addict, this was revealed in the episode "Forbidden Girlfriend" when Lois is taking medication and is unable to have sex for an entire week, it is mentioned again in the episode "Poker 2" when Hal tells his friends he has sex 14 times per week. It was also revealed that Hal was a chain smoker before quitting the habit. Hal's best friend is Abe Kenarban.

text: Francis[edit]

text: Francis, played by Christopher Masterson (119 episodes), is the oldest of the brothers, whom Malcolm often looks up to. It is revealed in the episodes "Sleepover" and "The Bots and the Bees" in season one that Francis was a breech birth, and in "Flashback" in season 2, that Lois was in labor with him during her and Hal's wedding. A rebel from birth, showing signs of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder, he was exiled to Marlin Academy by Lois for his behavior before eventually emancipating himself to run away from the Academy to work in Alaska, incurring his mother's wrath. Upon moving to Alaska, he marries a local woman named Piama, who is about one year older than him, and had previously been married briefly, and whom Lois doesn't like. In the series finale, Hal discovers that Francis has taken a job with Amerysis, and Francis admits he likes sitting at a desk sorting computer data. However, he also admits that he has no intentions of telling Lois about the job and enjoys torturing her by telling her that he's still unemployed.

text: Malcolm[edit]

text: Malcolm, portrayed by Frankie Muniz (150 episodes), is the protagonist of the series. He is Five years younger than his oldest brother Francis, one year younger than his older brother Reese, Four years older than his younger brother Dewey, and about 15 years older than his youngest brother Jamie. In the first episode of the series, he is discovered to be a child prodigy and immediately moved from his regular class into the 'Krelboynes', a class for gifted students. Despite his high intelligence, he still gets into mischief either alongside or working against his brothers (in particular, Reese), although he becomes more self-absorbed and egotistical in the later seasons as he goes through puberty. Malcolm, like Reese, is not very popular. However, he has had a number of girlfriends during the series run. Even though he is very intelligent, Malcolm has a short temper, can be easily manipulated and also has problems containing his opinion about himself. Malcolm also occasionally serves as the voice of reason, and does have a conscience, (for instance, despite emotionally manipulating a grieving Hal to buy him a car in the episode "Hal Grieves," when the time comes to make the purchase he finds he can't go through with it). In the series finale, it is revealed that Lois intended him to have a hard life, knowing that he is destined to assume the role of President of the United States; she wants him to remember where he came from to get there and try to help families like his own when he assumes the office. Malcolm eventually comes to terms with his future, after being unable to tell Lois he can't do it. In the series finale, Malcolm begins taking classes at Harvard University. Throughout the series, Malcolm frequently breaks the fourth wall and talks to the viewer about either the current situation or giving exposition about past events.

text: Lois[edit]

text: Lois, played by Jane Kaczmarek (146 episodes), is Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie's angry and temperamental mother. She is an overbearing control freak despised by the neighbors to the point that they refuse to invite her to their gatherings, revealed in "Mono". Unlike Malcolm, Lois isn't bothered by it and tries her best to blend in with it. She was revealed to be a charming and a nurturing mother while Francis was little, but toughened up. She is also always stubbornly right, to the point of being unable to say that she was wrong. It was also shown that she is overbearing and mad as a result of her children's bad behavior, and not her pure hate. At the series finale, Lois is revealed to be pregnant with a sixth child (actually twins). Her unfairness and behavior also come from her miserable childhood, living with a tough mother and an uncaring father (both of whom favored her younger sister, Susan).

text: Reese[edit]

text: Reese, played by Justin Berfield (all 151 episodes), is the second oldest of the sons. He is two years younger than his older brother Francis, one year older than his younger brother Malcolm, six years older than his younger brother Dewey, and about 16 years older than his youngest brother Jamie. It was revealed in the episode "Flashback", in season 2, that Reese has been vicious from the womb, so vicious in fact that when he kept kicking Lois during labor, she pushed him out by force. A complete moron from birth, Reese is the worst-behaved of the brothers. Reese is inclined to beat up the Krelboynes. He is intimidated by certain students, including Ira, a dumb jock at school. Despite his violent, idiotic nature, Reese is a culinary prodigy, after finding that he has a talent and genuine love for cooking and baking. He is also the favorite grandson of his grandmother Ida, who taught him the importance of having patsies. In the series finale, Reese moves in with Craig Feldspar and is a janitor at his alma mater North High.

text: Dewey[edit]

text: Dewey, played by Erik Per Sullivan (all 151 episodes), is portrayed as being quieter and more inclined to the arts than his brothers. He soon finds he is a musical prodigy, and as the series goes on he becomes more caring and thoughtful especially in regards to his younger brother Jamie, whom he decides not to bully like he was by Malcolm and Reese. Lois remarks at one point that unlike Malcolm, who would have to work hard to achieve success, Dewey would have success handed to him. Dewey joins the Buseys, a class for the emotionally disturbed, by mistake and ends up becoming their unofficial teacher. He ended up caring for his fellow students so much that, when the mistake was uncovered, he feigned severe emotional problems so he could remain. In the final few seasons, Dewey becomes increasingly bitter towards his parents due to them overlooking him throughout his childhood and neglecting his interests. Because of this, he forces them to give Jamie the childhood he never had. In the last episode, he and Jamie (the only other remaining brother living at home) continued the tradition of causing havoc all over the house.

text: Jamie[edit]

text: Jamie was played by identical twin brothers James and Lukas Rodriguez (35 episodes). The youngest brother born who is the only brother to have beaten Lois in her own game, bordering to attacking her (though Reese was mostly responsible for feeding him soda). Like Malcolm and Dewey, Jamie is revealed to be intelligent, evident when he tricked Reese into taking a marker after he colored part of the wall.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (March 2014)

text:
Stevie Kenarban, played by Craig Lamar Traylor (56 episodes), is Malcolm's best friend and classmate. He is wheelchair-bound and is missing a lung, requiring him to speak slowly and take deep breaths after saying a word. Though Malcolm is initially upset when Lois arranges a "playdate" for him and Stevie in the pilot episode, the boys immediately find common ground, particularly their love of comic books, and become friends. His parents are very overprotective of him, although Stevie displays in many episodes that he lives very comfortably with his disability and even has a dark sense of humor about it.
Craig Feldspar, portrayed by David Anthony Higgins (39 episodes), is Lois' co-worker at the Lucky Aide. He is a hopeless romantic, and has unrequited feelings for Lois. He is very childish and is a coward. He plays the ukulele and the banjo, and he sings in a countertenor voice. By the end of the series, Craig becomes Reese's roommate.
Piama Tananahaakna, played by Emy Coligado (29 episodes), is Francis' wife whom he met and married off-screen during his year in Alaska. Piama is about a year older than Francis, and before him, Piama had previously been married briefly. Primarily due to her being brought home under volatile circumstances, in which Francis (while still a minor, although emancipated) shocked the family with news of the marriage and thus disrupting Hal's birthday party, Lois disliked Piama from her introduction in the third season and into the fourth. However, after an embarrassing encounter with her wealthy in-law's, Lois has been much more respectful of Piama. She originally started off against having children, but by Graduation, Piama got over it after Reese's prank went awry ("We may as well go ahead and have kids now, I'm not afraid of changing diapers any more.")
Victor Welker and Ida Kenzel-Welker, played by Robert Loggia (1 episode) and Cloris Leachman (11 episodes) respectively, are Lois' parents of a Croatian background. Victor dies some time before the events of the season two episode "Christmas", in which Ida is widowed. Ida harbors a strong dislike for both Francis and Lois, evident for the way she has been treated by them. She favors Reese, which allows him to love her. Ida belittles Malcolm for being weak in not standing up against his mother and largely ignores Dewey (although she did, on one occasion, save him from being hit by a car, causing her to lose a leg). Ida harbored resentment towards Victor's secret other family for stealing what was rightfully hers, until Lois discovered that she isn't blood related to Victor (and possibly Susan as well) and abandoned Ida. Ida acknowledged that her life growing up in Croatia under the Ustaše was difficult, possibly due to the Ustaše's policies.
Abraham "Abe" Kenarban, played by Gary Anthony Williams (19 episodes), is Stevie's father and Kitty's husband, and a close family friend of both Lois and particularly Hal. Abe is initially depicted as cowardly and dependent on Kitty's guidance (which he attributes to his upbringing, having been raised by his grandmother and four spinster aunts). However he ultimately becomes more self-reliant after Kitty's departure. Despite this, Abe is more than willing to take Kitty back after her return, going as far as to harbor resentment towards Lois after she criticized Kitty's decision to leave.
Kitty Kenarban, played by Merrin Dungey (5 episodes), is Stevie's mother and Abe's wife. Because of actress Merrin Dungey's commitment to the ABC series Alias, Kitty remains unseen for much of the series before it is revealed that she abandoned her husband and son, briefly throwing Stevie into a deep depression. She returns briefly in the season six episode "Kitty's Back".
Caroline Miller, played by Catherine Lloyd Burns (15 episodes), is the primary teacher of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" class in the first two seasons. She is shown to be overly-earnest as well as to adore Malcolm, who might possibly have been her favorite student. In season 1, she is included as part of the main cast, but in season 2, is a recurring character. In season 2, she is shown to be pregnant until she gives birth to her baby in the parking lot. After her baby was born, she quit teaching. She was never seen or mentioned again after season 2.
Cynthia Sanders, played by Tania Raymonde (4 episodes), is one of Malcolm's classmates. She has a very extensive vocabulary, but has a difficult time making friends. Depicted as relatively cheerful, Cynthia becomes one of Malcolm's earliest crushes on the show, although a relationship never develops. Cynthia is last seen claiming to never have sex with Malcolm again (which never happened in the first place) to snap him out of a recent funk and keep him from pulling a prank meant to get him sent away like Francis.
Lloyd Jensen, played by Evan Matthew Cohen (25 episodes) is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout the series. He frequently worries about random small things, gets hurt, and falls victim to bullies. He also has an effeminate personality.
Dabney Hooper, played by Kyle Sullivan (24 episodes) is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout the series. Often depicted as the weakest and most cowardly of the group, Dabney's life is almost completely controlled by his overbearing mother, although in his last appearance his ability to release his anger towards his mom results in him immediately developing a tougher persona.
Flora Mayesh, played by Kristin Quick (15 episodes), is one of Malcolm's other "Krelboyne" classmates. Flora was mostly just a background character and rarely had dialogue and was therefore not in the credits for 12 of her episodes.
Eraserhead, played by Will Jennings (12 episodes), is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout early episodes of the series.
Kevin, played by Victor Z. Isaac (5 episodes)
Jessica, played by Hayden Panettiere (4 episodes), is a classmate of Malcolm and Reese's. In one instance, she babysat Malcolm and Reese despite being younger than them, embarrassing the brothers.
Mr. Herkabe (first name Lionel), played by Chris Eigeman (8 episodes), is introduced in Season 3 as the Krelboynes' teacher after Caroline leaves. A Krelboyne himself in middle school, he was forced into a teaching career after losing his millions in a failed dot-com company. He is portrayed as an evil and conniving man who thrives on psychological warfare and making children suffer. He is especially threatened by Malcolm and quickly becomes his nemesis at school, even blackmailing North High's principal, Block (before Hodges took over), into hiring him as vice principal when Malcolm enrolls there. For some reason Mr. Herkabe also intensely enjoys humiliating Reese to antagonize Malcolm more. However, Herkabe's arrogance in confessing that he had failed gym and lied about not taking the course, was brought to light that led to his GPA Award being revoked by Mr. Hodges. He was last seen being humiliated by Reese during dodgeball.
Commandant Edwin Spangler, played by Daniel von Bargen (16 episodes), is the military veteran in charge of the cadets at Marlin Academy. He has a contentious relationship with the rebellious Francis throughout his entire stay at the Academy, although the two were shown at times to have a deep sympathy for the other's emotional scarring. After Spangler is fired from Marlin Academy and arrives in Alaska, Francis gets him a job at the Snow Haven Retirement Home where he has free rein to bully the elderly.
Cadet Eric Hansen, played by Eric Nenninger (28 episodes), one of Francis' friends and classmates from Marlin Academy. Francis accompanies Eric in his plan to abandon the Academy to find well-paying labor work in Alaska. At the end of season three, Eric is seen for the final time being left by Francis to hitchhike home, possibly as revenge for even suggesting to find work in Alaska.
Lavernia, played by Brenda Wehle (10 episodes), is Francis and Eric's malevolent boss who owns the logging site in Alaska. She has a debt book and presumably knows every dirty secret about her workers. Lavernia has a personal grudge towards Piama, who blackmailed her to be nice to Francis by holding her pet parakeet hostage.
Otto Mankusser, played by Kenneth Mars (13 episodes), is Francis' friendly and cheerful boss at the dude ranch, albeit a bit naïve at times.
Ed, played by Paul Wilson (5 episodes), is one of the many neighbors who despises Hal and Lois, along with Reese. He has shown some favoritism towards Malcolm for helping him set up his new computer.
Ira Prescott, played by Jonny Acker (3 episodes), is a student of North High School. He is Billy's older brother and Reese's bully. Ira made his first appearance in "Forbidden Girlfriend" in which he owns a car which Reese ruins by using Dewey in pouring cement in it and letting Billy take the blame for the prank. With Dewey's help, Ira got his revenge on Reese for his prank and using Billy by simply beating him up. He returns briefly in Season 5's "Malcolm Films Reese" who is among the students in humiliation and in Reese's Apartment when Malcolm is tutoring Ira and help get him a passing grade in his classes so he can keep his spot on the North High School sports team(which is never specified). Unlike Reese, Ira has more respect for Malcolm.

tag: ul


document_title: Elizabeth Dennehy

question_text: who played commander shelby in star trek the next generation

root

text: Elizabeth Dennehy

text:
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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies. Please help to establish notability by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: "Elizabeth Dennehy" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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text:
Elizabeth DennehyBorn
Elizabeth Hannah Dennehy (1960-10-01) October 1, 1960 (age 58)Jacksonville, North Carolina, U.S.Years active
1988–presentSpouse(s)
James Lancaster (1993–present)Children
2Parent(s)
Brian Dennehy (father)

text: Elizabeth Hannah Dennehy (born October 1, 1960) is an American television and film actress, best known for her role as Commander Shelby in the Star Trek: The Next Generation two-part episode "The Best of Both Worlds". She has also appeared in such television series as Guiding Light, Seinfeld, Charmed, and Without a Trace, and films such as Clear and Present Danger, Gattaca, Soldier, Red Dragon, and True Blood.

text: In September 1994, when Geneviève Bujold quit Star Trek: Voyager after three days of filming, Dennehy was reported as one of the replacement candidates for the role of Captain Janeway.[1]

text: Dennehy is the daughter of actor Brian Dennehy.


document_title: Ian Maclaren

question_text: who said everyone is fighting a battle you know nothing about

text: Ian Maclaren

text: Biography[edit]

text: He was the son of John Watson, a civil servant. He was born in Manningtree, Essex, and educated at Stirling and at Edinburgh University, later studying theology at New College, Edinburgh, and at Tübingen.

text: In 1874 he became a minister of the Free Church of Scotland and became assistant minister of Edinburgh Barclay Church. Subsequently, he was minister at Logiealmond in Perthshire and at Glasgow, and in 1880 he became minister of Sefton Park Presbyterian Church, Liverpool, from which he retired in 1905.

text: In 1896 he was Lyman Beecher lecturer at Yale University, and in 1900 he was moderator of the synod of the English Presbyterian Church. While travelling in the United States he died from blood poisoning, following a bout with tonsilitis,[1] at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. His body was returned to England, and buried in Smithdown Cemetery in Liverpool.[2]

text: Maclaren's first stories of rural Scottish life, Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush (1894), achieved extraordinary popularity,[3] selling more than 700 thousand copies,[4] and were succeeded by other successful books, The Days of Auld Lang Syne (1895), Kate Carnegie and those Ministers (1896), and Afterwards and other Stories (1898). By his own name Watson published several volumes of sermons, among them being The Upper Room (1895), The Mind of the Master (1896) and The Potter's Wheel (1897). Today he is regarded as one of the principal writers of the Kailyard school.[5]

text: It is thought that Maclaren was the original source of the quotation “Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle,” now widely misattributed to Plato or Philo of Alexandria. The oldest known instance of this quotation is in the 1897 Christmas edition of The British Weekly, penned by Maclaren: “Be pitiful, for every man is fighting a hard battle.”[6]

text: Bibliography[edit]

text: Fiction as Ian Maclaren[edit]

text:
1894: Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush
1895: The Days of Auld Lang Syne
1895: A Doctor of the Old School
1896: Kate Carnegie and those Ministers
1898: Afterwards and other Stories
1898: Rabbi Saunderson
1899: Young Barbarians
1907: Graham of Claverhouse (novel)

text: Non-fiction as Ian Maclaren[edit]

text:
1896: The Cure of Souls
1898: Companions of the Sorrowful Way
1900: Church Folks
1912: Books and Bookmen (book)

text: Books of sermons as John Watson[edit]

text:
1895: The Upper Room (book)
1896: The Mind of the Master
1897: The Potter's Wheel
1898: Companions of the Sorrowful Way
1899: In Answer to Prayer: The Touch of the Unseen - A book of sermons cowritten with Rev. W. Boyd Carpenter (Lord Bishop of Ripon 11), Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, Rev. Canon Knox Little, William Quarrier, Leonard K. Shaw, Rev. R. F. Horton, Rev. H. Price Hughes, Rev. J. Clifford, G. D. Boyle (Dean of Salisbury)


document_title: Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)

question_text: when did cuba gain independence from the us

text: Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)

text: Early independent governments[edit]

text: After the Spanish–American War, Spain and the United States signed the Treaty of Paris (1898), by which Spain ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the United States for the sum of $20 million.[4] Cuba gained formal independence from the U.S. on May 20, 1902, as the Republic of Cuba.[5] Under Cuba's new constitution, the U.S. retained the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and to supervise its finances and foreign relations. Under the Platt Amendment, the U.S. leased the Guantánamo Bay naval base from Cuba.

text: US occupation, 1906–1908[edit]

text: Following disputed elections in 1906, the first president, Tomás Estrada Palma, faced an armed revolt by veterans of the war for independence who defeated the government's meager forces.[6] The U.S. intervened by occupying Cuba and named Charles Edward Magoon as Governor for three years. Cuban historians have attributed Magoon's governorship as having introduced political and social corruption.[7]

text: In 1908, self-government was restored when José Miguel Gómez was elected President, but the U.S. continued intervening in Cuban affairs. In 1912, the Partido Independiente de Color attempted to establish a separate black republic in Oriente Province,[8] but was suppressed by General Monteagudo with considerable bloodshed.

text: Sugar production played an important rule in Cuban politics and economics. In the 1910s, during and after World War I, a shortage in the world sugar supply fueled an economic boom in Cuba, marked by prosperity and the conversion of more and more farmland to sugar cultivation. Prices peaked and then crashed in 1920, ruining the country financially and allowing foreign investors to gain more power than they already had. This economic turbulence was called "the Dance of the Millions".[9][10]

text: Machado era[edit]

text: In 1924, Gerardo Machado was elected president. During his administration, tourism increased markedly, and American-owned hotels and restaurants were built to accommodate the influx of tourists. The tourist boom led to increases in gambling and prostitution in Cuba.[11] Machado initially enjoyed support from much of the public and from all the country's major political parties. However, his popularity declined steadily. In 1928 he held an election which was to give him another term, this one of six years, despite his promise to serve only for one term.

text: Revolution of 1933[edit]

text: The Wall Street Crash of 1929 led to precipitous drops in the price of sugar, political unrest, and repression.[12] Protesting students, known as the Generation of 1930, and a clandestine terrorist organization known as the ABC, turned to violence in opposition to the increasingly unpopular Machado.[12]

text: US ambassador Sumner Welles arrived in May 1933 and began a diplomatic campaign which involved "mediation" with opposition groups in including the ABC. This campaign significantly weakened Machado's government and, backed with the threat of military intervention, set the stage for a regime change.[13]

text: A general strike (in which the Communist Party sided with Machado),[14] uprisings among sugar workers, and an army revolt forced Machado into exile in August 1933. He was replaced by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada, son of Cuban patriot Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and former ambassador to the US.[12]

text: In September 1933, the Sergeants' Revolt, led by Sergeant Fulgencio Batista, overthrew Céspedes.[15] General Alberto Herrera served briefly as president (August 12–13) followed by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada from August 13 until September 5, 1933. A five-member executive committee (the Pentarchy of 1933) was chosen to head a provisional government.[16] They were ousted by a student-led organization, the Student Directory, which appointed Ramon Grau San Martin as provisional president and passed various reforms during the ensuing One Hundred Days Government.[16] Grau resigned in 1934, after which Batista dominated Cuban politics for the next 25 years, at first through a series of puppet-presidents.[15] The period from 1933 to 1937 was a time of "virtually unremitting social and political warfare".[17]

text: Constitution of 1940[edit]

text: A new constitution was adopted in 1940, which engineered radical progressive ideas, including the right to labor and health care.[18] Batista was elected president in the same year, holding the post until 1944.[19] He is so far the only non-white Cuban to win the nation's highest political office.[20][21][22] His government carried out major social reforms. Several members of the Communist Party held office under his administration.[23] Cuban armed forces were not greatly involved in combat during World War II, although president Batista suggested a joint U.S.-Latin American assault on Francoist Spain in order to overthrow its authoritarian regime.[24]

text: Batista adhered to the 1940 constitution's strictures preventing his re-election.[25] Ramon Grau San Martin was the winner of the next election, in 1944.[19] Grau further corroded the base of the already teetering legitimacy of the Cuban political system, in particular by undermining the deeply flawed, though not entirely ineffectual, Congress and Supreme Court.[26] Carlos Prío Socarrás, a protégé of Grau, became president in 1948.[19] The two terms of the Auténtico Party saw an influx of investment which fueled a boom and raised living standards for all segments of society and created a prosperous middle class in most urban areas.[citation needed]

text: Batista dictatorship[edit]

text: After running unsuccessfully for the presidency in 1952, Batista staged a coup.[27] He outlawed the Cuban Communist Party in 1952.[28] Cuba had Latin America's highest per capita consumption rates of meat, vegetables, cereals, automobiles, telephones and radios, though about one third of the population was considered poor and enjoyed relatively little of this consumption.[29]

text: In 1958, Cuba was a relatively well-advanced country by Latin American standards, and in some cases by world standards.[30] On the other hand, Cuba was affected by perhaps the largest labor union privileges in Latin America, including bans on dismissals and mechanization. They were obtained in large measure "at the cost of the unemployed and the peasants", leading to disparities.[31] Between 1933 and 1958, Cuba extended economic regulations enormously, causing economic problems.[20][32] Unemployment became a problem as graduates entering the workforce could not find jobs.[20] The middle class, which was comparable to that of the United States, became increasingly dissatisfied with unemployment and political persecution. The labor unions supported Batista until the very end.[20][21] Batista stayed in power until he was forced into exile in December 1958.[27]


document_title: Because of Winn-Dixie

question_text: what type of book is because of winn-dixie

text: Because of Winn-Dixie

text:
Because of Winn-Dixie
Author
Kate DiCamilloCountry
United StatesLanguage
EnglishGenre
Children's novelPublisher
Candlewick PressPublication date
March 2000Media type
Hardcover and PaperbackPages
182 pp.ISBN
0-7636-0776-2OCLC
41601218Followed by
The Tiger Rising

text: Because of Winn-Dixie is a children's novel written by Kate DiCamillo, which was published in 2000, and was the winner of a Newbery Honor distinction the following year.[1] In 2000, the book won the Josette Frank Award,[2] and in 2003 won the Mark Twain Award.[3] It was adapted as a 2005 family film directed by Wayne Wang, produced by Walden Media and Twentieth Century Fox, and starring AnnaSophia Robb as Opal Buloni.[4][5]

text: In 2007 the U.S. National Education Association named Winn-Dixie one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children", based on an online poll.[6] In 2012 it was ranked number 20 among all-time children's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal – the first of three books by DiCamillo in the Top 100.[7]

text: Plot[edit]

text: A 10-year-old girl named India Opal Buloni has just moved to a trailer park in the small town of Naomi, Florida, with her father who is known as The Preacher because he preaches at the local church. While in the Winn-Dixie supermarket, Opal sees a scruffy dog wrecking the store. Opal decides to take him home. Miss Franny Block, a librarian, shares great stories about her past including one about her great-grandfather, whose family members died while he was fighting for the South in the Civil War. He invented Littmus Lozenge candies, which tasted like root beer and strawberry but included a secret ingredient— sorrow. Anyone who tasted the candies tasted sweetness mixed with sadness. In Because of Winn-Dixie, these candies symbolize that even though life sometimes deals people a bit of sadness, there is always much to appreciate. Opal learns that her sour faced neighbor, Amanda Wilkinson, lost her brother Carson because he drowned. She vows to be nicer to her from then on.

text: Opal finds a dog collar that she wants to buy for Winn-Dixie but she has no money and decides to work for the pet store to earn it. Otis, the owner of Gertrude's Pets, is unwilling to hire Opal as a cleaning girl, but she comes to work. When Opal and Winn-Dixie step into the store, the animals panic when they see the big dog. Otis plays his guitar to calm them. Opal learns that Otis once went to jail for hurting a police officer after he was told that he could not play his guitar on the street because he was disturbing others.

text: Opal was riding her bike while Winn-Dixie pulled ahead and they meet a woman named Gloria Dump. They become good friends. Opal and recovering alcoholic Gloria Dump decide to host a small party, inspired by the party in Gone With the Wind, inviting everyone they know. In the process, Opal becomes a friend to her former enemies, the brothers, Stevie and Dunlap Dewberry. She also invites Amanda Wilkinson and Sweetie Pie Thomas, a girl who has no pet, and so had fallen in love with Winn-Dixie. Otis and Miss Franny Block are also invited.

text: They set up everything outside, but it starts to rain, so they bring the party inside. Opal can't find Winn-Dixie anywhere, even after searching the town. Ten minutes later she returns to Gloria's home to discover that Winn-Dixie had been there all the time, hiding because he is scared of storms. The book ends with Otis playing his guitar and everyone singing one of The Preacher's songs.

text: Translations[edit]

text: Translated to Persian, published in 2005 by Ghatreh. [8]


document_title: Equator

question_text: where does the equator pass through in kenya

text: Equator

text: Overview[edit]

text: The latitude of the Earth's equator is, by definition, 0° (zero degrees) of arc. The Equator is one of the five notable circles of latitude on Earth; the other four are the two Polar Circles (the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle) and the two Tropical Circles (the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn). The Equator is the only line of latitude which is also a great circle — that is, one whose plane passes through the center of the globe. The plane of Earth's equator, when projected outwards to the celestial sphere, defines the celestial equator.

text: In the cycle of Earth's seasons, the plane of the equator passes through the Sun twice per year: at the March and September equinoxes. To an observer on the Earth, the Sun appears to travel North or South over the Equator (or the celestial equator) at these times. Light rays from the center of the Sun are perpendicular to the surface of the Earth at the point of solar noon on the Equator.

text: Locations on the Equator experience the quickest sunrises and sunsets, because the sun moves nearly perpendicular to the horizon for most of the year. The length of daylight (sunrise to sunset) is almost constant throughout the year; it is about 14 minutes longer than nighttime due to atmospheric refraction and the fact that sunrise is begun (or sunset is ended) as the upper edge, not the centre, of the Sun's disk crosses the horizon.

text: The Earth bulges slightly at the Equator; the "average" diameter of the Earth is 12,750 kilometres (7,922 mi), but the diameter at the Equator is about 43 kilometres (27 mi) greater than at the poles.[1]

text: Sites near the Equator, such as the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana, are good locations for spaceports as they have a faster rotational speed than other latitudes; the added velocity reduces the fuel needed to launch spacecraft. Because the Earth spins to the east, spacecraft must also launch to the east (or to the southeast or northeast) to take advantage of this Earth-boost of speed.[citation needed]

text: Equatorial seasons and climate[edit]

text: Seasons result from the yearly revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of revolution. During the year the northern and southern hemispheres are inclined toward or away from the sun according to Earth's position in its orbit. The hemisphere inclined toward the sun receives more sunlight and is in summer, while the other hemisphere receives less sun and is in winter (see solstice).

text: At the equinoxes, the Earth's axis is not tilted toward the sun, instead it is perpendicular to the sun meaning that the day is about 12 hours long, as is the night, across the whole of the Earth.

text: Near the Equator there is little temperature fluctuation throughout the year, though there may be dramatic differences in rainfall and humidity. The terms summer, autumn, winter and spring do not generally apply, and in many tropical regions people identify two seasons: the wet season and the dry season; although some areas remain wet or dry all year. Temperatures at sea level are usually high year-round, but some higher altitudes such as the Andes and Mount Kilimanjaro sustain glaciers.

text: The Equator lies mostly on the three largest oceans: the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. The highest point on the Equator is at the elevation of 4,690 metres (15,387 ft), at 0°0′0″N 77°59′31″W / 0.00000°N 77.99194°W / 0.00000; -77.99194 (highest point on the Equator), found on the southern slopes of Volcán Cayambe [summit 5,790 metres (18,996 ft)] in Ecuador. This is slightly above the snow line and is the only place on the Equator where snow lies on the ground. At the Equator the snow line is around 1,000 metres (3,280 ft) lower than on Mount Everest and as much as 2,000 metres (6,560 ft) lower than the highest snow line in the world, near the Tropic of Capricorn on Llullaillaco.

text: Equatorial countries and territories[edit]

text:
[show]Map all coordinates using OSM
Map all coordinates using Google

Export all coordinates as KML

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Map all microformatted coordinates

Place data as RDF

text: The Equator traverses the land of 11 countries. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the Equator passes through:

text:
Co-ordinates
Country, territory or sea
Notes

0°N 0°E / 0°N 0°E / 0; 0 (Prime Meridian)
Atlantic Ocean
Gulf of Guinea

0°0′N 6°31′E / 0.000°N 6.517°E / 0.000; 6.517 (São Tomé and Príncipe)
 São Tomé and Príncipe
Ilhéu das Rolas

0°0′N 9°21′E / 0.000°N 9.350°E / 0.000; 9.350 (Gabon)
 Gabon
passes 8.9 km (5.5 mi) south of Ayem, 10.6 km (6.6 mi) north of Mayene, Booue

0°0′N 13°56′E / 0.000°N 13.933°E / 0.000; 13.933 (Republic of the Congo)
 Republic of the Congo
Passing through the town of Makoua.

0°0′N 17°46′E / 0.000°N 17.767°E / 0.000; 17.767 (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Passing 9 km (5.6 mi) south of central Butembo

0°0′N 29°43′E / 0.000°N 29.717°E / 0.000; 29.717 (Uganda)
 Uganda
Passing 32 km (20 mi) south of central Kampala

0°0′N 32°22′E / 0.000°N 32.367°E / 0.000; 32.367 (Lake Victoria)
Lake Victoria
Passing through some islands of  Uganda

0°0′N 34°0′E / 0.000°N 34.000°E / 0.000; 34.000 (Kenya)
 Kenya
Passing 6 km (3.7 mi) north of central Kisumu

0°0′N 41°0′E / 0.000°N 41.000°E / 0.000; 41.000 (Somalia)
 Somalia

0°0′N 42°53′E / 0.000°N 42.883°E / 0.000; 42.883 (Indian Ocean)
Indian Ocean
Passing between Huvadhu Atoll and Fuvahmulah of the  Maldives

0°0′N 98°12′E / 0.000°N 98.200°E / 0.000; 98.200 (Indonesia)
 Indonesia
The Batu Islands, Sumatra and the Lingga Islands

0°0′N 104°34′E / 0.000°N 104.567°E / 0.000; 104.567 (Karimata Strait)
Karimata Strait

0°0′N 109°9′E / 0.000°N 109.150°E / 0.000; 109.150 (Indonesia)
 Indonesia
Borneo

0°0′N 117°30′E / 0.000°N 117.500°E / 0.000; 117.500 (Makassar Strait)
Makassar Strait

0°0′N 119°40′E / 0.000°N 119.667°E / 0.000; 119.667 (Indonesia)
 Indonesia
Sulawesi (Celebes)

0°0′N 120°5′E / 0.000°N 120.083°E / 0.000; 120.083 (Gulf of Tomini)
Gulf of Tomini

0°0′N 124°0′E / 0.000°N 124.000°E / 0.000; 124.000 (Molucca Sea)
Molucca Sea

0°0′N 127°24′E / 0.000°N 127.400°E / 0.000; 127.400 (Indonesia)
 Indonesia
Kayoa and Halmahera islands

0°0′N 127°53′E / 0.000°N 127.883°E / 0.000; 127.883 (Halmahera Sea)
Halmahera Sea

0°0′N 129°20′E / 0.000°N 129.333°E / 0.000; 129.333 (Indonesia)
 Indonesia
Gebe and Kawe islands

0°0′N 129°21′E / 0.000°N 129.350°E / 0.000; 129.350 (Pacific Ocean)
Pacific Ocean
Passing between Aranuka and Nonouti atolls,  Kiribati (at 0°0′N 173°40′E / 0.000°N 173.667°E / 0.000; 173.667)

0°0′N 80°6′W / 0.000°N 80.100°W / 0.000; -80.100 (Ecuador)
 Ecuador
Passing 24 km (15 mi) north of central Quito, near Mitad del Mundo, and precisely at the location of Catequilla, a pre-Columbian ruin
Also, Isabela Island in the Galápagos Islands

0°0′N 75°32′W / 0.000°N 75.533°W / 0.000; -75.533 (Colombia)
 Colombia
Passing 4.3 km (2.7 mi) north of the border with Peru

0°0′N 70°3′W / 0.000°N 70.050°W / 0.000; -70.050 (Brazil)
 Brazil
Amazonas
Roraima
Pará
Amapá (passing slightly south of the city center of the state capital Macapá)

0°0′N 49°21′W / 0.000°N 49.350°W / 0.000; -49.350 (Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean
At the Perigoso Canal on the mouth of the Amazon River

text: Despite its name, no part of Equatorial Guinea's territory lies on the Equator. However, its island of Annobón is 155 km (96 mi) south of the Equator, and the rest of the country lies to the north.

text: Crossing-the-Equator ceremonies[edit]

text: Certain navies, such as the Royal Navy, Russian Navy, and US Navy, have a tradition of holding ceremonies aboard ships to mark sailors' first crossing of the Equator. These rites of initiation have in the past been notorious for their brutality.[citation needed] Milder line-crossing ceremonies, typically featuring King Neptune, are also held for passengers' entertainment on some civilian ocean liners and cruise ships.[citation needed]

text: Geodesy[edit]

text: Precise location[edit]

text: The precise location of the Equator is not truly fixed; the true equatorial plane is perpendicular to the Earth's spin axis, which drifts about 9 metres (30 ft) during a year. This effect must be accounted for in detailed geophysical measurements.[citation needed]

text: Exact length[edit]

text: In two widely used geodetic standards, the Equator is modelled as a circle whose radius is a whole number of metres. In 1976 the IAU chose a radius of 6,378.140 kilometres (3,963.192 mi), later refined by the IUGG to 6,378.137 kilometres (3,963.191 mi) and adopted in WGS-84, though the yet more recent IAU-2000 has retained the old IAU-1976 value. If it were really circular the length of the Equator would be exactly 2π times the radius, namely 40,075.036 kilometres (24,901.473 mi). However, due to the effect of tidal force on the Earth's surface the actual circumference at the equator is 40,075.16 kilometres (24,901.55 mi).

text: The geographical mile is defined as one arc minute of the Equator, so it has different values depending on which radius is assumed, e.g., 1,855.3248 metres (6,087.024 ft) for WGS84 or 1,855.3257 metres (6,087.027 ft) for IAU-2000.

text: The earth is modelled commonly as a sphere flattened 0.336% along its axis. This makes the Equator 0.16% longer than a meridian (a great circle passing through the two poles). The IUGG standard meridian is, to the nearest millimetre, 40,007.862917 kilometres (24,859.733480 mi), one arc minute of which is 1,852.216 metres (6,076.82 ft), explaining the SI standardization of the nautical mile as 1,852 metres (6,076 ft), more than 3 metres (9.8 ft) less than the geographical mile.

text: The sea-level surface of the Earth (the geoid) is irregular, so the actual length of the Equator is not so easy to determine. Aviation Week and Space Technology on 9 October 1961 reported that measurements using the Transit IV-A satellite had shown the equatorial "diameter" from longitude 11° West to 169° East to be 1,000 feet (300 m) greater than its "diameter" ninety degrees away.[citation needed]

text: Climate[edit]

text: Lowlands around the Equator generally have a tropical rainforest climate, also known as an equatorial climate, though cold currents cause some regions to have tropical monsoon climates with a dry season in the middle of the year. Average annual temperature is around 30 °C (86 °F) during the day and 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Rainfall is very high, from 2,500 to 3,500 mm (98 to 138 in) per year. Average rainy days are around 200 per year and average annual sunshine hours around 2,000.

text:
[hide]Climate data for Macapá, Brazil in South America

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °C (°F)
29.7
(85.5)
29.2
(84.6)
29.3
(84.7)
29.5
(85.1)
30.0
(86)
30.3
(86.5)
30.6
(87.1)
31.5
(88.7)
32.1
(89.8)
32.6
(90.7)
32.3
(90.1)
31.4
(88.5)
30.71
(87.28)

Daily mean °C (°F)
26.4
(79.5)
26.2
(79.2)
26.3
(79.3)
26.5
(79.7)
26.8
(80.2)
26.8
(80.2)
26.8
(80.2)
27.4
(81.3)
27.8
(82)
28.1
(82.6)
27.9
(82.2)
27.4
(81.3)
27.03
(80.65)

Average low °C (°F)
23.0
(73.4)
23.1
(73.6)
23.2
(73.8)
23.5
(74.3)
23.5
(74.3)
23.2
(73.8)
22.9
(73.2)
23.3
(73.9)
23.4
(74.1)
23.5
(74.3)
23.5
(74.3)
23.4
(74.1)
23.29
(73.92)

Average rainfall mm (inches)
299.6
(11.795)
347.0
(13.661)
407.2
(16.031)
384.3
(15.13)
351.5
(13.839)
220.1
(8.665)
184.8
(7.276)
98.00
(3.8583)
42.60
(1.6772)
35.50
(1.3976)
58.40
(2.2992)
142.5
(5.61)
2,571.5
(101.2393)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)
23
22
24
24
25
22
19
13
6
5
6
14
203

Mean monthly sunshine hours
148.8
113.1
108.5
114.0
151.9
189.0
226.3
272.8
273.0
282.1
252.0
204.6
2,336.1

Source: World Meteorological Organization (UN),[3] Hong Kong Observatory[4]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Pontianak, Indonesia in Asia

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °C (°F)
32.4
(90.3)
32.7
(90.9)
32.9
(91.2)
33.2
(91.8)
33.0
(91.4)
33.2
(91.8)
32.9
(91.2)
33.4
(92.1)
32.6
(90.7)
32.6
(90.7)
32.2
(90)
32.0
(89.6)
32.7
(90.9)

Daily mean °C (°F)
27.6
(81.7)
27.7
(81.9)
28.0
(82.4)
28.2
(82.8)
28.2
(82.8)
28.2
(82.8)
27.7
(81.9)
27.9
(82.2)
27.6
(81.7)
27.7
(81.9)
27.4
(81.3)
27.2
(81)
27.7
(81.9)

Average low °C (°F)
22.7
(72.9)
22.6
(72.7)
23.0
(73.4)
23.2
(73.8)
23.4
(74.1)
23.1
(73.6)
22.5
(72.5)
22.3
(72.1)
22.6
(72.7)
22.8
(73)
22.6
(72.7)
22.4
(72.3)
22.7
(72.9)

Average rainfall mm (inches)
260
(10.24)
215
(8.46)
254
(10)
292
(11.5)
256
(10.08)
212
(8.35)
201
(7.91)
180
(7.09)
295
(11.61)
329
(12.95)
400
(15.75)
302
(11.89)
3,196
(125.83)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)
15
13
21
22
20
18
16
25
14
27
25
22
238

Source: World Meteorological Organization (UN)[5]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Libreville, Gabon in Africa

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °C (°F)
29.5
(85.1)
30.0
(86)
30.2
(86.4)
30.1
(86.2)
29.4
(84.9)
27.6
(81.7)
26.4
(79.5)
26.8
(80.2)
27.5
(81.5)
28.0
(82.4)
28.4
(83.1)
29.0
(84.2)
28.58
(83.44)

Daily mean °C (°F)
26.8
(80.2)
27.0
(80.6)
27.1
(80.8)
26.6
(79.9)
26.7
(80.1)
25.4
(77.7)
24.3
(75.7)
24.3
(75.7)
25.4
(77.7)
25.7
(78.3)
25.9
(78.6)
26.2
(79.2)
25.95
(78.71)

Average low °C (°F)
24.1
(75.4)
24.0
(75.2)
23.9
(75)
23.1
(73.6)
24.0
(75.2)
23.2
(73.8)
22.1
(71.8)
21.8
(71.2)
23.2
(73.8)
23.4
(74.1)
23.4
(74.1)
23.4
(74.1)
23.30
(73.94)

Average rainfall mm (inches)
250.3
(9.854)
243.1
(9.571)
363.2
(14.299)
339.0
(13.346)
247.3
(9.736)
54.10
(2.1299)
6.600
(0.25984)
13.70
(0.5394)
104.0
(4.094)
427.2
(16.819)
490.0
(19.291)
303.2
(11.937)
2,841.7
(111.87614)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)
17.9
14.8
19.5
19.2
16.0
3.70
1.70
4.90
14.5
25.0
22.6
17.6
177.4

Mean monthly sunshine hours
176.7
182.7
176.7
177.0
158.1
132.0
117.8
89.90
96.00
111.6
135.0
167.4
1,720.9

Source: World Meteorological Organization (UN),[6] Hong Kong Observatory[7]


document_title: Be OK (Ingrid Michaelson song)

question_text: who sings i just want to be okay

question_tokens: who sings i just want to be okay

text: Be OK (Ingrid Michaelson song)

text:
"Be OK"

Single by Ingrid Michaelson

from the album Be OK

Released
August 19, 2008

Format
Digital download

Recorded
2008

Genre
Indie pop

Length
2:27

Label
Cabin 24 Records

Songwriter(s)
Ingrid Michaelson

Producer(s)
Stacy Jones & Bill Lefler

Ingrid Michaelson singles chronology

"The Way I Am"
(2007)
"Be OK"
(2008)
"Winter Song"
(2008)

"The Way I Am"
(2007)
"Be OK"
(2008)
"Winter Song"
(2008)

text: "Be OK" is the first single from Ingrid Michaelson's third studio album, Be OK.

text: The song was used in the films The House Bunny and The Decoy Bride,[1] in Season 1, episode 7 of 90210, in Season 2, episode 15 of Parenthood, in Season 4, episode 1 of Ugly Betty, and in advertisements for Better With You.

text: It was also used in commercials for Mott's Apple Juice, Ritz Crackers, Travelers Insurance and Australian insurance company Allianz.[citation needed]

text: Music video[edit]

text: Two versions of the music video debuted through the Stand Up to Cancer Foundation. One version debuted through BORDERS,[2] while the other debuted on the Stand Up to Cancer website and featured the acoustic version.[3]

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2008–10)
Peak
position

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[4]
45

Germany (Official German Charts)[5]
64

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[6]
174

UK Indie (Official Charts Company)[7]
18

US Billboard Hot 100[8]
91

US Adult Alternative Songs (Billboard)[9]
17


document_title: The Last Podcast on the Left

question_text: when does last podcast on the left air

question_tokens: when does last podcast on the left air

text: The Last Podcast on the Left

text:
The Last Podcast on the LeftPresentationHosted by
Ben Kissel Marcus ParksHenry ZebrowskiGenre
Comedy, True Crime, Dark Comedy, ParanormalLanguage
EnglishUpdates
FridaysLength
30 - 90 MinProductionAudio format
MP3No. of episodes
329PublicationOriginal release
2011 – presentWebsite
https://www.lastpodcastontheleft.com/

text: The Last Podcast on the Left is a weekly podcast featuring comedian and podcast host Ben Kissel,  podcast producer and researcher Marcus Parks, and comedian and actor Henry Zebrowski (who joined in the third episode), all of whom are longtime friends. Released each Friday, the episodes are generally one hour in length, with the hosts exploring the horrors of the world both imagined and real. Previous episodes have explored the topics of serial killers, conspiracy theories, UFO sightings, ghosts, and readings of fan-submitted creepypastas.[1] Kissel, Parks, and Zebrowski tour with live performances of the podcast and produce The Last Stream on the Left, a live-streaming spinoff show on the Adult Swim website.

text: Several repeat characters are present on the podcast, primarily voiced by Zebrowski, such as “Detective Popcorn” (the semi-erotic food-focused incompetent police detective), Charles Ng (a notorious serial killer) and “Terry the Gnome.”

text: In 2017, The Last Podcast on the Left received the "People's Voice" Webby in the Podcasts & Digital Audio (Comedy) category.[2]

text: The closing theme is Al Bowlly‘s "Midnight, the Stars and You,” as a reference to The Shining.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Duration[3]

Released

1

The First!

35:07

2

Demonology

42:04

3

Serial Killers

42:28

4

Cults

42:54

5

Sightings

32:45

6

Nazi Party

34:29

7

Vampires

27:27

8

The End of the World

42:52

9

Ghosts!

33:33

10

Live at the Cave Comedy Radio Launch Party!

11:354

11

Exorcisms!

36:01

12

The Psychic Journey

42:39

13

Chasing The Boogeyman Part One: Son of Sam

46:35

14

Chasing the Boogeyman Part Two: The Boogeyman Within

32:01

15

Hoodoo Voodoo

34:15

16

Creepypasta

30:41

17

Ghost Hunters

30:54

18

The Abducted

45:53

19

Ghost Bustin'

44:04

20

Spontaneous Human Combustion

28:53

21

The Illuminati

40:01

22

Human Centipede 2: The Review

35:46

23

Real Life Bogeymen: Child Molesters

34:20

24

Friendly Ghosts

28:28

25

Monsters

43:00

26

911

33:14

27

Torture

38:56

28

Families Are Tough

38:16

29

Reincarnation

41:12

30

The March Madness of Killers!

1:02:33

31

Texas Executions

38:49

32

Biological and Chemical Warfare

30:03

33

1-800-Suicide

31:25

34

Heaven's Gate

41:39

35

There's Bones In The Chocolate

33:56

36

Sandwiches in the Matrix

31:17

37

The Zombie Apocalypse is Upon Us

34:39

38

Erratic Behavior

30:23

39

Hail Satan!

46:18

40

The Alien Agenda

41:35

41

Our Psychic Powers

24:49

42

Ghost, Alien, or Molested?

41:07

43

Occult Symbols

37:25

44

A Smattering of Creepy

55:19

45

Demon Hunters

46:16

46

Cannibalism

54:09

47

Origins of the Pyramids

41:53

48

666: The List of the Beast

50:56

49

Haunted House Adventure

56:04

50

50th Episode Halloween Spooky Story Extravaganza!

1:30:26

51

Gucci and Dogs and HAARP

52:01

52

Project MK-Ultra

50:28

53

The Toybox Killer

54:13

54

Curses

47:51

55

The Great Beast 666

52:36

56

A Maximillian LeBlanc Christmas

4:14

57

Jesus

45:46

58

Cobra, The Light Aliens, and You

43:36

59

The B.T.K. Killer Part One: The Ball Game Explodes

39:57

60

Serial Killer Fantasy Baseball Live

44:27

61

The B.T.K. Killer Part Two: Detective Popcorn

39:52

62

Thought Form Energy Ghosts

44:34

63

Bigfoot

43:46

64

Bonus Material: The Jonestown Death Tape

54:53

65

Creepypasta 3: The Hamburgering

43:31

66

The Dark World of Internet Fetish Sites

40:52

67

Spectrophilia

42:45

68

Satanic Ritual Abuse Part I: Burning In My Rectum

43:58

69

Satanic Ritual Abuse Part II: Old Grandma Played the Piano

53:06

70

King of the Warlocks

34:20

71

The American Curse

49:23

72

Alien Implants and Abductions

57:38

73

Ley Lines, Dolphins, and the Indigo

50:57

74

Sex Dungeons

54:03

75

The Afterlife

49:20

76

Real-Life Vampires

49:19

77

Japanese War Crimes

48:14

78

Lord RayEl: The Messiah Has Arrived

50:51

79

Creepypasta 4: Then Who Was Phone?

50:06

80

The Citizen's Hearing on Disclosure

44:10

81

Female Serial Killers

1:04:21

82

Secret Societies

1:04:40

83

Unsolved Serial Murders Part 1: The Phantom, the Axe, and the Torso

33:15

84

Unsolved Serial Murders Part 2: The Zodiac

1:15:43

85

Witches: A History and Demonstration of Their Power

52:42

86

Spree Killers Pt. 1: If They Knew How Much Fun I Was Havin'...

1:08:16

87

Spree Killers Pt. 2: I've Been Getting These Headaches...

59:43

88

The Vile Vortices

55:41

89

Open Lines

1:08:02

90

The Pleiadians and the Battle for Humanity

47:24

91

Black Serial Killers Part 1: Call Me God

52:27

92

Black Serial Killers Part II: The Zebra Murders

49:17

93

Gnomes!

53:22

94

Creepypasta 5: Babybum

50:29

95

Listenerpasta

1:11:56

96

Call 911!

1:05:23

97

Movies of the Beast

1:05:45

98

Hostage to the Devil

1:05:56

99

Bundy

59:13

100

Bundy Part 2: Bones for Time

1:02:35

101

Hate Week

44:20

102

Serial Killers of World War II

1:09:52

103

Creepypasta 6: The Repercussions of Evil

53:42

104

Journey to the Planet Serpo

48:35

105

John Wayne Gacy

1:06:05

106

John Wayne Gacy Part II: Maybe He Didn't Do It

1:11:01

107

Haunted Battlegrounds: The American Civil War

1:00:19

108

Urban Legends

1:06:27

109

Regional Monsters II: A Hint of Mucus

56:12

110

Richard Ramirez: The Night Stalker

57:48

111

Richard Ramirez Part II: Wet Leather

1:05:07

112

Gangstalking

50:28

113

Henry's New Orleans Adventure

27:10

114

The Bridgewater Triangle

1:02:01

115

Creepypasta 7: The High Price We Pay at the Pump

45:16

116

Gary Ridgway

55:17

117

The Sensitive Monsters

1:03:08

118

Satanism in the Government Part I: Hellfire

1:00:45

119

The Satanic Government Part II: The Franklin Cover-Up Part I

59:39

120

The Satanic Government Part III: The Franklin Cover-Up Part II

55:05

121

Remote Viewing

53:28

122

Dahmer Part I: Infinity Land

59:53

123

Dahmer Part II: How To Be Left Alone In The Ghetto

1:11:12

124

Dahmer Part III: Paint It White

1:04:52

125

Archons, Seres, and the Secret Fates of All Mankind

1:01:12

126

Haunted Hollywood

57:45

127

Werewolves Part I: God's Werewolf

54:25

128

Werewolves Part II: Eat the Boy

49:26

129

O.J. Simpson

1:04:28

130

Creepypasta 8: Leg of a Horse

53:18

131

Australian Serial Killers Part 1: Big Bradley

53:37

132

Australian Serial Killers Part 2: Essie Made Me Do It

1:01:28

133

Waco

1:27:18

134

Alien-Human Hybrids

1:03:20

135

Ted Kaczynski Part 1: I Will Have My Revenge!

1:01:06

136

Ted Kaczynski Part 2: Eat Your Cake and Have It Too

1:14:02

137

Astrology

1:09:33

138

Henry's True Crime Los Angeles Adventure

44:30

139

Edgewood Part 1: The Colonel's Pink Cadillac

1:03:57

140

Edgewood Part 2: Disco Soup

1:00:32

141

Andrei Chikatilo Part 1: Soviet Moods

1:10:25

142

Chikatilo Part 2: Andrei's Big Day Out

1:21:30

143

The Worst Ways to Die

1:09:08

144

Halloween Breakdown

1:08:01

145

Listnerpasta II: Brain Worms

1:15:09

146

Creepypasta 9: Gjoberdik

1:06:13

147

Charles Manson Part 1: An Incarcerated Life

1:15:24

148

Charles Manson Part 2: The Turning of the Worm

1:19:09

149

Charles Manson Part 3: The Devil's Work

1:31:49

150

Monsters of the American Indian

1:12:07

151

Horrors of the UK

1:13:65

152

The Dylatov Pass Incident

1:04:01

153

Fred and Rosemary West

1:13:40

154

The Dark Side of Santa Claus

1:03:56

155

2014: The Year in Murder and Mayhem

1:19:23

156

The Coronado Group Abduction

1:03:38

157

Nazis and the Occult Part 1: Severe and Annoying

1:07:58

158

Nazis and the Occult Part 2: White People Nerds

1:07:55

159

The Boston Strangler Murders Part 1: A Paranoia of Mother-Hate

1:21:01

160

The Boston Strangler Murders Part 2: Shoes in the Shower

1:15:24

161

Hollow Moon

1:12:31

162

Axe Murderers Part One - Horse Owner and Horse

52:43

02/18/15

163

Axe Murderers Part Two - Pinning Butterflies

58:08

02/25/15

164

Playing with the Dead

1:21:13

03/04/15

165

Ed Kemper Part 1: A Bit of a Bumblebutt

1:00:27

03/11/15

166

Ed Kemper Part 2 - Momendorf

1:11:48

03/18/15

167

JonBenét Ramsey Part 1 - And Hence

1:01:08

03/25/15

168

JonBenét Ramsey Part 2: The Last Bulb on the Christmas Tree

1:05:04

04/01/15

169

The Betty and Barney Hill Abduction Part 1: Concentric Circles

59:34

04/08/15

170

Betty and Barney Hill Part 2: Don't Think I Can't Take It

1:06:06

04/15/15

171

Serial Killers of the American Frontier

1:15:07

04/22/15

172

Ed Gein Part One - Oddball

1:07:03

04/30/15

173

Ed Gein Part Two - A Living Rainbow

59:21

05/06/15

174

Ed Gein Part Three - Salted and Treated

1:09:35

05/13/15

175

Amityville Part One - The Story

56:56

05/21/15

176

Amityville Part Two - The Truth

52:33

05/27/15

177

Mysterious Sounds and Recordings

1:18:32

06/03/15

178

Columbine Part One - The Myth

1:06:42

06/10/15

179

Columbine Part Two - Creations, Exploitations, and Cover-Ups

1:13:25

06/17/15

180

An Interview with Laurence R. Harvey

26:32

06/22/15

181

Creepypasta 10 - Thumbers

1:08:10

07/02/15

182

Henry Lee Lucas Part One - From the Womb of a Whore

1:08:20

07/08/15

183

Henry Lee Lucas Part Two - Highway Star

1:20:27

07/16/15

184

Henry Lee Lucas Part III: The Hand of Death

1:05:48

07/23/15

185

Henry Lee Lucas Part IV: I Belong To The Devil

1:07:43

07/29/15

186

Fairies

1:00:30

08/05/15

187

The Dulce Facility Part One: Pronounced Kkhhah-sshh-fahsh-sst

1:20:30

08/12/15

188

Dulce Part Two - Serious Business Mode

53:33

08/19/15

189

9/11 Part One - The Day

1:40:04

08/29/15

190

9/11 Part Two: The Conspiracy

1:44:20

09/03/15

191

9/11 Part Three - Six Degrees of Baphomet

1:11:14

09/11/15

192

Hollow Earth

1:19:04

09/17/15

193

Son of Sam Part One: Kill For My Master

1:07:04

09/23/15

194

Son of Sam Part II - The Wicked King of Wicker

1:10:19

09/30/15

195

Listenerpasta III - He's So Cold

54:35

10/07/15

196

Listener Stories II: You Do It

1:39:09

10/15/15

197

The Magick Series - The Right Hand Path

1:44:04

10/22/15

198

Halloween

50:22

10/30/15

199

The Magick Series - The Left Hand Path

1:16:01

11/04/15

200

H.H. Holmes Part I - The Horrid Meat

1:10:04

11/10/15

201

H.H. Holmes Part II - Nothing But Trouble

1:05:33

11/19/15

202

H.H. Holmes Part III - Professional Uncle

1:11:55

11/26/15

203

Leonard Lake and Charles Ng Part I - Operation Brownie Pockets

1:04:22

12/03/15

204

Leonard Lake and Charles Ng Part II - What I Bring To Friendship

58:30

12/11/15

205

The Detective Popcorn Christmas Special

19:35

12/21/15

206

Leonard Lake and Charles Ng Part III - Jocular Type Talk

57:31

12/31/15

207

Leonard Lake and Charles Ng Part IV - Roughly Ten Cats

1:01:24

01/06/16

208

David Bowie and the Occult

1:19:30

01/18/16

209

Ghost Cats of the South

51:11

01/20/16

210

Dean Corll Part One - The Pouting Room

59:50

02/05/16

211

Dean Corll Part II - The Ready Sled

1:00:30

02/10/16

212

Dean Corll Part III - 18 Inch Double

58:39

02/25/16

213

Dean Corll Part IV - A Country Boondoggle

1:06:46

02/26/16

214

Chemtrails

1:02:21

03/02/16

215

Paranormal Photography

58:48

03/10/16

216

Roswell

1:19:26

03/17/16

217

Roswell Part II - It's a Balloon

1:03:29

03/23/16

218

The Aum Shinrikyo Death Cult Part I - Mountain Wizards

1:13:40

04/01/16

219

Aum Shinrikyo Part II - The Bitter Cookie

1:01:59

04/07/16

220

Aum Shinrikyo Part III - The Soldiers of White Love

1:23:03

04/13/16

221

Aum Shinrikyo Part IV - A Billionaire's Testicles

1:07:24

04/23/16

222

Manifestos

1:31:43

04/28/16

223

Witch Hunts

1:10:40

05/06/16

224

Creepypasta 11 - Lemon Clams

53:17

05/19/16

225

The Hillside Stranglers Part I - The Buzzard

1:10:44

05/26/16

226

The Hillside Stranglers Part II - Airplane School

1:03:44

06/02/16

227

The Hillside Stranglers Part III - You Can Call Me Steve

59:09

06/10/16

228

Sexy Ghosts

1:02:33

06/16/16

229

Henry Yells At Dave Willis About Aliens

38:39

06/29/16

230

Chaos Magic Part One - The Basics

51:18

07/01/16

231

Chaos Magic Part II - The Discipline

52:11

07/06/16

232

Bigfoot Hunters

1:07:58

07/13/16

233

The Secret Space Program

1:10:43

07/22/16

234

Albert Fish Part I - You Asked For This

1:25:40

08/03/16

235

Albert Fish Part II - That's How They Do It In Hollywood

1:04:17

08/10/16

236

Albert Fish Part III - The Werewolf of Wysteria

1:16:07

08/17/16

237

The Menendez Brothers Part I - A Castro Or A Bega

1:03:14

08/24/16

238

The Menendez Brothers Part II - White Trash With Money

1:22:09

08/31/16

239

Billy Meier - Alien Collaborator

1:12:34

09/07/16

240

The Black Monk of Pontefract

1:04:34

09/14/16

241

Serial Killers And The Women Who Love Them

1:18:36

09/24/16

242

Time Travelers

1:13:31

10/12/16

243

Listener Stories III - War Edition

1:28:09

10/20/16

244

Listenerpasta IV: Jeff

1:07:04

10/26/16

245

Richard Chase Part I - The Cat Tree

1:03:53

10/27/16

246

Richard Chase Part II - Mrs Dracul

1:12:28

11/02/16

247

The Lobster Boy Murders

1:08:50

11/11/16

248

Children of God Part I - Mother's Peanut Butter

1:12:13

11/21/16

249

Children of God Part II - Dad Was A Sexy Guy

1:16:26

12/02/16

250

Children of God Part III - Flesh Daddy

1:07:35

12/09/16

***

A Conversation with My Favorite Murder (special episode)

53:33

12/14/16

251

Children of God Part IV - Ricky

1:17:12

12/16/14

252

The Gulf Breeze Sightings Part I - Ammonia and Cinnamon

1:00:23

12/30/16

253

The Gulf Breeze Sightings Part II - Gary, Don, and Bob

1:15:58

01/04/17

254

Jack the Ripper Part I - Cockney Yoga

54:09

01/13/17

255

Jack The Ripper Part II - Anything But Your Prayers

1:02:04

01/19/17

256

Jack The Ripper Part III - Oh Murder!

54:38

01/26/17

257

Jack The Ripper Part IV - The Suspects Part I

1:01:01

02/03/17

258

Jack The Ripper V - The Suspects Part II

1:23:24

02/10/17

259

The Puerto Rican Chupacabra

1:24:38

02/16/17

260

Live In Chicago

1:14:38

02/23/17

261

L. Ron Hubbard Part I - Grub Hubbard

1:36:48

03/09/17

262

L. Ron Hubbard Part II - Dianetics

1:32:16

03/15/17

263

L. Ron Hubbard Part III - Scientology Begins

1:47:01

03/23/17

264

L. Ron Hubbard Part IV - Sea Org

1:42:10

03/23/17

265

Chris Benoit

1:36:49

04/07/17

266

Aileen Wuornos Part I - Yosemite Samantha

1:33:29

04/14/17

267

Aileen Wuornos Part II - Dr. Legal

1:48:41

04/19/17

268

The Philadelphia Experiment

1:32:45

05/03/17

269

Kurt Cobain Part I - Albini's Weenies

1:08:11

05/08/17

270

Kurt Cobain Part II - The Ghost Train of El Duce

1:00:12

05/09/17

271

Carl Panzram Part I - A Bit of a Grouch

1:05:55

05/19/17

272

Carl Panzram Part II - The Akista

1:00:54

05/25/17

273

Carl Panzram Part III - Yacht Club

1:10:25

06/02/17

274

Oklahoma City Part I - The Day

1:17:08

06/19/17

275

Oklahoma City Part II - Noodle McVeigh

1:37:35

06/26/19

276

Oklahoma Part III - Follow the Guillotines

1:22:17

07/13/17

277

Oklahoma City Part IV - The Big Rub

1:09:06

07/14/17

278

Creepypasta 12 - U-Turn to Madness

1:02:10

07/20/17

279

The Enfield Poltergeist Part I - Oh Crumbs!

1:17:23

07/27/17

280

The Enfield Poltergeist Part II - Poopergeist

1:25:47

08/04/17

281

Jerry Brudos Part I - Dump Fever

1:36:47

08/18/17

282

Jerry Brudos Part II - Coke and Conversation

1:16:43

08/20/17

283

Sexy Ghosts II - 20 Cock Lane

1:12:33

08/24/17

284

Fire In The Sky - The Travis Walton Abduction

1:34:55

09/02/17

285

Norwegian Black Metal Part I - Chainsaw Gutsfuck

1:30:51

09/11/17

286

Norwegian Black Metal Part II - Orc Urinal

1:01:00

09/15/17

287

Norwegian Black Metal Part III - This Laughable Society

1:14:07

09/21/17

288

Robert Pickton Part I - Pig Sense

1:24:12

09/30/17

289

Robert Pickton Part II - La Costra Pigsta

1:24:59

10/06/17

290

Robert Pickton Part III - Mrs. Pickton

1:02:10

10/13/17

291

Robert Pickton Part IV - Out to Lunch

1:22:05

10/20/17

292

Listenerpasta V - Babyface

1:12:50

10/28/17

293

Bill Cooper Part I - The Granddaddy of Conspiracy

1:20:05

11/3/17

294

Bill Cooper Part II - The Secret Government

1:25:59

11/11/17

295

Black Widows Part I - The Polish Prognosticator

1:02:41

11/18/17

296

Black Widows Part II - Hit and Run Helen

55:32

11/24/17

297

The Lost Continent of Lemuria

1:10:27

12/01/17

298

Pee Wee Gaskins Part I - See Ya Monday

1:14:24

12/08/17

299

Pee Wee Gaskins Part II - The Chicken's Tongue

1:07:38

12/15/17

299.5

Pee Wee Gaskins Part III - Tell That to Aunt Monkey

1:02:03

12/31/17

299.75

Pee Wee Gaskins Part IV: The Final Truth

1:06:25

01/06/18

300

Jonestown Part I - Everyone in the World Is My Friend

1:46:14

01/12/18

***

Minisode: The Thames Torso Murders

30:05

01/17/18

301

Jonestown Part II - Sidestep and Bullshit

1:53:54

01/19/18

302

Jonestown Part III - Check Please

2:00:04

01/26/18

***

Abe Lincoln's Top Hat: The State of Our Union

52:05

02/01/18

303

Jonestown Part IV - The Box

1:50:21

02/02/18

304

Jonestown Part V - The Last Year

2:10:23

02/09/18

***

Patreon Sampler: His Master's Voice

49:06

02/16/18

***

Page 7: Valenwine's Day

50:29

02/16/18

305

The Hudson Valley Sightings

2:02:52

02/23/18

306

Casey Anthony Part I - Ill Wishers

1:59:40

03/02/18

307

Casey Anthony Part II - The Dancing Belvins

1:27:48

03/09/18

308

Robert Hansen Part I - Gun Nerd

1:34:34

03/16/18

309

Robert Hansen Part II - Gross Truncations

1:23:45

03/23/18

310

Rasputin Part I - Greg Drunk

1:17:59

03/30/18

311

Rasputin Part II - Agrarian

1:30:37

04/06/18

312

Rasputin Part III - The Rise of Rasputin

1:14:08

04/13/18

***

Side Stories: RIP Art Bell

30:58

04/18/18

313

Rasputin Part IV: The Fall of Rasputin

1:33:32

04/20/18

***

Side Stories: NXIVM

43:45

04/23/18

314

The Jersey Devil

1:13:07

04/27/18

***

Side Stories: EARONS & Incels

53:13

04/30/18

315

Mark David Chapman Part I - Captain Nemo

1:24:18

05/03/18

***

Side Stories: Bruce McArthur

35:29

05/08/18

316

Mark David Chapman Part II - One Day at a Time

1:49:28

05/11/18

317

Dennis Nilsen Part I - Orientation in Me

1:36:11

05/19/18

318

Dennis Nilsen Part II - A Thin Strand of Humanity

1:29:13

05/25/18

319

Creepypasta 13 - A Meat's Dream

1:21:52

06/01/18

320

Biggie and Tupac Part I - Sugar Bear

1:44:32

06/08/18

321

Biggie and Tupac Part II - Scuttled

1:05:11

6/16/18

***

Side Stories: Hereditary

36:09

6/21/18

322

Biggie and Tupac Part III - The Murders

1:11:31

6/23/18

***

Side Stories : Do AI-Powered Coffee Machines Have Wet Dreams?

36:24

6/26/18

323

The Men in Black Part I - You Fed the Tulpa

1:16:44

6/28/18

***

Side Stories: RIP Bush's Baked Beans Dog

35:45

6/30/18

324

The Men in Black Part II - Pig Transport

1:16:12

7/6/18

325

Men in Black Part III - Time Crime

1:15:56

7/13/18

***

Best of: Roswell

46:22

7/20/18

***

Side Stories: Bigfoot Serves the Devil

43:46

7/25/18

***

Best of: Panzram

1:14:20

7/26/18

***

Side Stories: Make Mud, Not War

39:20

8/1/18

326

Richard Kuklinski Part I - Origins of the Iceman

1:40:09

8/3/18

327

Richard Kuklinski Part II - Tales of the Iceman

1:44:00

8/11/18

328

Richard Kuklinski Part III - The Fall of the Iceman

2:03:00

8/17/18

***

Side Stories: Kuklinski VS Panzram

44:39

8/23/18

329

Katherine Knight Part I - Lady Leatherface

1:18:49

8/25/18

***

Side Stories: Every Horror Movie Is My Child

56:17

8/29/18

330

Katherine Knight Part II - Bangaroo

1:22:29

8/31/18

***

Side Stories: Notorious B.T.K.

49:00

9/05/18

331

The Donner Party Part I - Salt of the Earth

1:25:01

9/07/18

***

Side Stories: Joe Exotic 2020

49:29

9/12/18

332

The Donner Party Part II - The Forlorn Hope

1:45:00

9/14/18

***

Side Stories: Hybrid Armies & Little Green Men

47:13

9/20/18

333

The Andreasson Affair

1:19:10

9/22/18

***

Side Stories: Grandpa Died Twice

47:15

9/26/18

334

Flat Earth

1:14:58

9/29/18

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Side Stories: Sovereign Citizens

48:00

10/03/18

335

The West Memphis Three Part I - The Road to Hell

1:56:00

10/05/18

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Side Stories: Drunk Birds

53:28

10/10/18

336

The West Memphis Three Part II - The Confession of Jessie Misskelley

1:50:40

10/12/18


document_title: Who's the Boss?

question_text: who sang the who the boss theme song

question_tokens: who sang the who the boss theme song

text: Who's the Boss?

text: Plot[edit]

text: Widower Anthony Morton "Tony" Micelli is a former baseball player who was forced to retire due to a shoulder injury. He wants to move out of Brooklyn to find a better environment for his daughter, Samantha. He ends up taking a job in upscale Fairfield, Connecticut, as a live-in housekeeper for divorced advertising executive Angela Bower and her son Jonathan. The Micellis moved into the Bower residence. Also frequenting is Angela's feisty, sexually progressive mother Mona Robinson. Mona dates all kinds of men, from college age to silver-haired CEOs. This portrayal of an "older woman" with an active social and sexual life was unusual for television at the time.

text: The title of the show refers to the clear role reversal of the two lead actors, where a woman was the breadwinner and a man (although he was not her husband) stayed at home and took care of the house. It challenged contemporary stereotypes of Italian-American young males as macho and boorish and wholly ignorant of life outside of urban working-class neighborhoods, as Tony was depicted as sensitive, intelligent and domestic with an interest in intellectual pursuits.

text: The easy-going, spontaneous Tony and the driven, self-controlled Angela are attracted to each other, though both are uncomfortable with the notion for much of the run of the show. While there is playful banter and many hints of attraction, Tony and Angela do their best to avoid facing this aspect of their developing relationship, and date other people. Angela has a steady romantic interest in Geoffrey Wells (Robin Thomas), while Tony has a variety of girlfriends who come and go, including Kathleen Sawyer (Kate Vernon) in seasons six and seven. In the meantime, however, they become best friends, relying on each other frequently for emotional support. In addition, Tony provides a male role model for Jonathan, while Angela and Mona give Samantha the womanly guidance she had been missing.

text: Keeping ties with Tony's and Samantha's Brooklyn roots, motherly former neighbor Mrs. Rossini (Rhoda Gemignani), who ends up becoming a thorn in Mona's side, and several other friends turn up a few times each season, sometimes in New York, sometimes in Connecticut.

text: Angela eventually strikes out on her own and opens her own ad firm in season three, while Tony decides to go back to school, enrolling in the same college that daughter Samantha would later attend in 1990. Samantha's best friend Bonnie (Shana Lane-Block) is a recurring character during these seasons, while romance comes into her life in the form of boyfriend Jesse Nash (Scott Bloom) during her senior year of high school and into college.

text: At the start of season eight, Tony and Angela finally acknowledge their love for each other. However, the series does not end with the widely expected marriage but on a more ambiguous note. This was due primarily to concerns by the network that a marriage, representing a definitive ending, could hurt syndication. Tony Danza also vehemently opposed the marriage, saying it would contradict the original purpose of the show.

text: During the final season, Samantha finds a new love in Hank Thomopoulous (Curnal Achilles Aulisio), who became a full-time character in January 1992. A fellow college student, Hank was originally poised to enter a medical program, but soon decides to become a puppeteer. Sam and Hank were engaged in a matter of weeks, and in February, they were married.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Tony Danza as Tony Micelli
Judith Light as Angela Robinson Bower
Alyssa Milano as Samantha Micelli
Danny Pintauro as Jonathan Bower
Katherine Helmond as Mona Robinson

text: Guest appearances[edit]

text: Delta Burke appeared in the first season as next door neighbor, Diane Wilmington. Comic James Coco was a frequent guest, beginning in season one as Tony's father-in-law, visiting from New York, Nick Milano. People have credited his appearances on Who's the Boss? as a prime example of his comedic abilities on TV, despite the fact that he was not a regular and had never starred in a successful TV series of his own. When Coco died in February 1987, prior to the conclusion of season three, his character was written out as having died as well (with a funeral episode and tribute).

text: By the fall of 1990, with Samantha beginning college and Jonathan in high school, Who's the Boss?, like other series getting on in years, added a new younger cast member. Producers brought in five-year-old Billy (Jonathan Halyalkar), a kid from the Micellis' old Brooklyn neighborhood, whose grandmother left Billy in Tony's care. He moved in with the Bower family in season 7. Billy was a comic foil to Tony, but also attempted to get into the mix in other characters' storylines. He only lasted that season, however. In the E! True Hollywood Story about the series, Katherine Helmond remarked that Halyalkar was a gifted performer, but had difficulty catching up to the pace of the acting and timing the senior cast members had long established with each other. He was written out of the show at the end of the season. In the beginning of season 8, it was briefly explained that Billy had gone to live with another foster family.

text: Frank Sinatra made a guest appearance in a 1989 episode, as well as Ray Charles, Mike Tyson and Thomas Hearns. Betty White also made a guest appearance in the first season as a local TV director. Leslie Nielsen played Max, who was engaged to Mona in a 1988 episode. Matthew Perry played Benjamin Dawson, a roommate of Samantha's in a 1990 episode.

text: Background[edit]

text: Who's the Boss? was created by television producers and business partners Martin Cohan and Blake Hunter in 1983.[1][2] In early development, the series was titled You're the Boss, in reference to Angela employing Tony and the gender role reversal.[3] Before the fall 1984 premiere, the producers changed it to Who's the Boss?, an open ended title which hinted that any one of the leads could get their own way and be the "boss".[3] Unlike Danza, who had served as the Tony prototype from the beginning, Judith Light was one of many who auditioned for the role of Angela.[4] She was eventually cast based on her performance, which Hunter commented as "class [...] Jean Harlow type, or more of a Meryl Streep."[4] The character of Mona was initially created as an older sister to Angela, but as Cohan and Hunter struggled to handle the casting of the role, they decided on re-writing the role into "a free spirit with a quick tongue," who they envisioned Katherine Helmond to play.[4] Danny Pintauro and Alyssa Milano were also cast based on their auditions.[4]

text: The series' pilot was shot in November 1983, a full 10 months before the show actually went on the air.[3] ABC originally was planning to put it on mid-season in January 1984, but due to creative differences[vague] between the producers and the network, the show was delayed until the next season. The show debuted on September 20, 1984. While the show was shelved for an extended amount of time in early 1984, Danza was arrested for fighting in a New York bar after a fellow patron made a rude remark about his female companion. A few months later, Who's the Boss? resumed taping. During his court date that July, Danza faced a choice of jail time or community service as a result of battery and other charges. Danza opted for community service, which was still ongoing when the series premiered. <reference needed>

text: Later in the show's run, it was reported that Danza was exhibiting erratic behavior on the set. These stories ranged from Danza getting after the directors, to arguments with the writers over minor script revisions. While it was uncovered that only the writing became an issue for Danza, his frustrations to have the show be a "well-oiled machine" boiled over at the start of the 1989–90 season, when he staged a walkout for two weeks until he calmed down. In the meantime, the remainder of the cast filmed scenes without him. Upon his return, Danza offered an apology to everyone on the set and resumed work. However, the crew then monitored Danza's mood and a few weeks later made light of the whole incident by issuing shirts on set that said "I survived week six," according to E! True Hollywood Story.

text: In the fall of 1991, after seven years on its established Tuesday night slot, Who's the Boss? was moved to Saturday nights at 8:00 p.m. (against NBC's The Golden Girls), along with fellow long-running sitcom Growing Pains. In February 1992, ABC added the long-running Perfect Strangers and the new cartoon Capitol Critters to the night. It was promoted as the new I Love Saturday Night lineup, an equivalent to the hit Friday TGIF block. Who's the Boss? moved to 8:30 p.m., with Capital Critters as its lead-in. The I Love Saturday Night banner proved to be short-lived, folding on February 29, 1992; Who's the Boss? moved back into the Saturday 8/7c slot in early March.

text: The series' ratings dropped significantly in its new time slot, and the decision was made to end the series that spring. The hour-long series finale aired on Saturday, April 25, 1992, along with the finales for Growing Pains and MacGyver. Who's the Boss? reruns continued to air through the summer. <reference needed>

text: Impact[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Early reviews of the series were lukewarm. Jerry Buck, writing for Ocala Star-Banner, noted that while the series "doesn't have the same impact [as The Cosby Show], it's not bad, either." He compared Danza and Light's on-screen chemistry to Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy.[5] The Pittsburgh Press criticized that "the show may have a universal theme [but] it's hard to find," while Duane Dudek of Milwaukee Journal Sentinel summed the series as a "pleasant little sitcom" which was not a "struggle for mastery [but] in some ways, a rather old-fashioned love story."[6] John J. O'Connor of The New York Times was complimentary of the female leads, Light and Helmond, but was concerned if Danza, who "spends a good deal of time with his shirt off and his thick weight-lifted physique" would "keep this sitcom in ratings shape."[7]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Who's the Boss? was nominated for more than forty awards, including ten Primetime Emmy Award and five Golden Globe Award nominations, winning one each;[8] Katherine Helmond received the 1989 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film, while Mark J. Levin was awarded the 1989 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lighting Direction for a Comedy Series for his work on the episode "Two on a Billboard."[8] Frequently nominated at the annual Young Artist Awards, Milano earned three awards for her portrayal of Samantha.[8] Danny Pintauro and recurring guest Scott Bloom received one award each.[8]

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The show's theme song, "Brand New Life", was written by series creators and executive producers Cohan and Hunter, with music composed by Larry Carlton and Robert Kraft. Three versions were used throughout the series' run, which were performed by Larry Weiss (1984–86), Steve Wariner (1986–89), and Jonathan Wolff (1989–92).[9][10] The third version was first used for the last eight episodes of season six, and a very minor revision of that particular version of the theme was used during seasons seven and eight.

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Syndication[edit]

text: ABC aired reruns of Who's the Boss? at 11:00 A.M. (EST) during its daytime schedule from June 1, 1987 until July 1, 1988, after which the show entered into its first local syndication run (September 1988). It was replaced by Growing Pains on the daytime schedule.

text: Who's the Boss? aired on TBS Superstation in the 1990s after it was canceled, and was also added to the ABC Family lineup in the late 1990s and early 2000s (decade). Nick at Nite broadcast the show between 2004 and 2006. In 2005, TV Land broadcast the show as part of Nick at Nite's 20th Anniversary Celebration. The series also aired on Ion Television from July 2007 to February 2008, airing Monday-Thursdays at 9:00 and 9:30 p.m. ET.[11] It began airing on the Hallmark Channel in an early afternoon weekday block beginning on May 17, 2010 and ran until April 2, 2011. The series began airing on TVGN in July 2012, and on Hub Network from April 2 until August 30, 2013. On June 1, 2014, the show joined the regular TV Land schedule.[12]

text: Several episodes from seasons one, two, and eight can be viewed for free in Minisode format on Crackle, which is owned by Sony Pictures Television.

text: DVD release[edit]

text: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the first season of Who's the Boss? on DVD in Region 1 on June 8, 2004.[13]

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: The first attempted Who's the Boss? spin-off had its origins in the final episode of season two, "Charmed Lives", a backdoor pilot for a program about two women up for the same job as well as overall being a series about the lives of single career women in the '80s. Starring Fran Drescher and Donna Dixon, it was not picked up as a series.

text: In 1987, producers had planned a spin-off entitled Mona, which focused on Mona's character leaving Angela to help her brother Cornelius run a seedy hotel in Manhattan.[14] The third season featured this plot in a two-part episode, but when ABC changed their mind about the spinoff, fearing what Mona's departure could mean to the show, the ending was rewritten to feature Mona returning to Angela's home.[15]

text: The third attempted spin-off, which did make it to series, was titled Living Dolls. Premiering and ending in 1989, the show starred Leah Remini, Michael Learned, and Halle Berry. The show featured Remini, who had appeared in two Who's the Boss? episodes as a friend of Samantha's, as a homeless model taken under the wing of an agent played by Learned. In those same Who's the Boss? episodes, Jonathan Ward played Learned's son Rick; in the Living Dolls series, David Moscow took over the role.

text: International versions[edit]

text: Several versions of Who's the Boss? have been produced for foreign television markets. Some are dubbed and others are remakes. In many cases the names of the lead characters were changed:

text:
Aired in France starting 1987, first on Antenne 2 (now France 2), then on M6. The show was renamed Madame est servie ("Dinner is served", but literally "Madam is served", referring to Tony being Angela's housekeeper). When the entire series aired in Canada on Radio-Canada, only the pilot intro was used (with shots of the van going around the block after leaving Tony's apartment, and a shot of Samantha and Tony in the van).
In Italy, the first two seasons were aired in 1989 on minor network Odeon TV as Casalingo Superpiù (Super Housekeeper); Katherine Helmond's character name was changed from Mona to Moira because in Italian, "mona" has a sexual reference.
In the United Kingdom, The Upper Hand aired on ITV from 1990 to 1996 while the original version was screened on the individual ITV regional stations. The show starred Joe McGann, Diana Weston, and Honor Blackman in the roles originally played by Tony Danza, Judith Light and Katherine Helmond respectively. In 1993, Helmond herself appeared in an episode of this version as Madame Alexandra.[16]
Though the show had been broadcast in Germany in a dubbed version as Wer ist hier der Boss? since 1992 on RTL Television, a year later, the channel produced 15 early episodes with a German cast. The show was called Ein Job fürs Leben (A Life's Job). Tony was renamed Vito, an Italian guest worker from Berlin-Neukölln and former striker of soccer club Hertha BSC. Angela Bower was renamed Barbara Hoffmann. Their home was located in Hamburg's upscale suburb Othmarschen. Despite these little changes, the original scripts were used for shooting, and even the stage set was an almost identical replica of the original American set, with only minor details changed, such as paintings and bric-a-brac in German style. RTL Television gave the same treatment to Married... with Children. The two shows shared the first hour on Thursdays in the prime time slot from 8:15 pm to 10:15 pm.
A Spanish-language version, produced in Mexico by TV Azteca and Columbia TriStar International Television, debuted in 1998 under the title Una familia con Ángel starring Laura Luz and Daniel Martínez. It was broadcast in the U.S. on the Telemundo network.
In 2005, the Argentinian network Telefé also made its own local version called ¿Quién es el Jefe?, a direct translation of the original American title. It starred Nicolás Vázquez, Gianella Neyra and Carmen Barbieri in the adult roles.
In 2006, a Russian remake premiered that was titled Kto v dome khozyain? (which translates as "Who is the head in this house?"). It ran for 2 years on CTC. It starred Anna Nevskaya (as Daria, the boss) and Andrey Noskov (as Nikita, the housekeeper).[17]
In 2006, Colombian network Caracol TV produced ¿Quién manda a quién? (which was the title of the original show when dubbed in Spanish).
A Polish version, I kto tu rządzi?, debuted in 2007 on Polsat, starring Małgorzata Foremniak and Bogusław Linda.
In Turkey, it is aired as Patron Kim? (Who's the Boss?) on ATV Turkey.