document_title: The Raid 2

question_text: what do they say at the end of the raid 2

text: The Raid 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film opens with Bejo, a self-made Jakarta crime boss, executing Rama's brother Andi at a sugar cane field for being too ambitious and not knowing "limitation" after taking over from Tama, a local gang boss who operated under Bangun.

text: Following the disastrous raid on Tama's apartment in The Raid, Rama meets with Lieutenant Bunawar, the head of an internal investigation unit, who sends the injured Bowo to be treated but has Lt. Wahyu promptly executed. Bunawar assures the startled Rama it was to protect his life from "crooked cops like him." He tells Rama, who wanted to testify, the courts can't fix the problem; it would only endanger him and his family. He asks him to go undercover to expose the backroom dealings of Reza and other police officials with the Bangun and Goto crime syndicates. Rama declines, but eventually agrees for his family's safety after Andi is murdered by Bejo. That happens months later as Rama consoles his wife Isa – who was pregnant in the first film – who's now given birth to their boy Angga.

text: Bunawar tasks him to infiltrate the underworld befriending Uco, son of Bangun and heir to his criminal empire. Taking on the alias "Yuda," he is told to assault the son of the politician responsible for putting Uco in prison, so Bunawar can arrest him so he may befriend the incarcerated Uco. What was supposed to be a few months sentence is instead 3 years. A year into his term, a prison riot breaks out in the raining muddy courtyard as several assailants attempt to kill Uco. They were led by Benny, an associate of Uco's who betrays his trust, before Yuda ultimately saves Uco's life. When Yuda is released two years later, Uco picks him up to meet his father, who hires him as gratitude. He quickly proves his value to the crime family, earning their trust through his work under Uco and his father's consigliere Eka.

text: It's soon apparent Uco is increasingly frustrated with his limited role in the organization, and is tipped over the edge when he's called a "debt collector" by a karaoke bar girl. When Uco exits the room for a phone call, Rama plants a bug in Uco's wallet. Bangun is next seen meeting with Prakoso, a loyal hitman who's been with the family since Uco was a child. Prakoso is estranged from his wife and son for almost 15 years, but uses his vagabond image to advantage as he assassinates another one of Bangun's targets.

text: Capitalizing on Uco's angst, Bejo invites him to dinner at his restaurant. He speaks of ambition, and lets Uco know he has his eye on some land controlled by the Gotos; sharing rumours of a Japanese plot to turn Reza and other high brass against his father. Bejo brings out the assailants from the prison riot, who Uco proceeds to kill before noticing a distinctive gang tattoo on Benny's wrist. The duo hatch a plot to start a gang war to disrupt the truce between the two families, allowing Uco to prove himself to Bangun, and Bejo to profit from the chaos, as they carve up Hideaki Goto's territory. Uco lures Prakoso into an ambush at a nightclub, where he's ultimately killed by The Assassin, then lies to his father the Japanese were responsible. Failing to sway Bangun into a counterattack, the frustrated Uco phones Bejo to "Just do it" anyway. Bejo's elite hitmen – the deaf-mute Hammer Girl, her brother Baseball Bat Man, and The Assassin – proceed to kill several of Goto's men, sparking a gang war between the families.

text: In the escalating conflict, Rama is attacked. He defeats the assailants only to discover a police ID on one of the attackers. When the families meet to reconcile, Uco lashes out in anger, embarrassing Bangun into an important territory concession. Shaken after maiming other policemen, Rama calls Lt. Bunawar and learns the attackers were Reza's corrupt cops sent after him as part of the war. He then receives a call from Eka to save Uco. Bangun beats Uco harshly on their return to his office. While Yuda is on the way, Bejo and The Assassin barge their way in with a mob of henchmen. Revealing his betrayal, Uco kills his father and shoots Eka in the leg. Before Bejo can finish him off, Yuda arrives and stalls as Eka flees. The Assassin subdues the already-exhausted Rama, and Bejo commands his men to get rid of him. Eka follows, leading to a highway chase and several destroyed vehicles, before rescuing Yuda and driving to safety in an abandoned area.

text: Ryuichi, Goto's consigliere, informs him and Keichi that Reza was seen entering Bejo's restaurant. The outraged Goto tells Ryuichi to "take care of him" before Ryuichi interrupts to tell him Bejo's not alone, informing him of Uco's betrayal of his father. Goto declares war against Bejo and Uco, and Reza too. When his son Keichi interjects, Goto responds "They're not cops anymore. They're in my world now." A bleeding and exhausted Eka tells Rama "I know where you're from," revealing he too was undercover. Voicing his disillusionment on the harsh realities of crime in Jakarta, "There's no end to this [...] If you want out, you put them down, all of them." Later at night, Rama calls Lt. Bunawar, who informs him the gang war had escalated, with even the police commissioner shot dead. Bunawar claims Eka "went rogue" and "cost the lives of 10 honest cops when he fed us bad intel." He informs him that Reza, the true objective, is meeting Bejo and Uco at the restaurant. Rama breaches the restaurant warehouse fighting his way through Bejo's men.

text: Bejo and Uco meet with Reza to discuss terms against Goto. Still shaken from his patricide act, Uco discovers the bug in his wallet while in the restroom. Uncertain who planted it, he later notices Bejo has the same wrist tattoo as Benny, suggesting the prison attack may have been another attempt to spark a gang war. Uco sits silent in shock as he realizes he's been used. Rama fights and defeats Bejo's three hitmen after word reached Bejo he had entered the premises. Rama disrupts the meeting carrying The Assassin's pair of karambit, while Bejo attempts to shoot him with a shotgun. Uco grabs another gun shooting Reza dead, then shoots Bejo, before turning his gun towards Rama who throws the karambit at Uco then stabs him with the other. Uco dies in his arms. A wounded and exhausted Rama limps away from the premises where he encounters Keichi, Ryuichi and their men entering the warehouse sent to attack the meeting. While Lt. Bunawar drives en route to the site, Keichi smirks as he shares a silent dialogue with Rama. The film ends with Rama saying "No...I'm done."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Iko Uwais as Rama/Yuda, a special forces member turned undercover agent. His alias "Yuda" is a reference to Uwais' character in his debut film Merantau.
Cok Simbara (id) as Bunawar, the head of the internal investigation unit who recruits Rama to oust police–mob collusion.
Arifin Putra as Uco, a nefarious mobster who is the impatient son and heir to Bangun.
Tio Pakusadewo as Bangun, a notorious kingpin who is one of the two mob bosses in control of Jakarta's underworld.
Oka Antara as Eka, Bangun's consigliere who holds a secret of his own.
Yayan Ruhian as Prakoso, Bangun's most loyal and dedicated hitman.
Alex Abbad as Bejo, a self-made Jakarta crime boss who considers himself very ambitious.
Cecep Arif Rahman (id) as "The Assassin", Bejo's top enforcer who uses the karambit as his signature weapon.
Julie Estelle as Alicia/"Hammer Girl", a merciless assassin who uses claw hammers as her signature weapon.
Very Tri Yulisman (id) as "Baseball Bat Man", Alicia's brother and one of Bejo's top three hitmen.
Kenichi Endo as Hideaki Goto, head of the Goto family and one of the two mob bosses in control of Jakarta's underworld.
Ryuhei Matsuda as Keichi, Goto's son and heir.
Kazuki Kitamura as Ryuichi, Goto's lieutenant and interpreter.
Roy Marten as Reza, a corrupt high-ranking police official affiliated with the Gotos, who Bejo wants to buy out in his plans for expansion.
Epy Kusnandar (id) as Topan, operator of an illegal "porn den" in Bangun's territory, who receives a visit when word gets out he's expanded into the drug business.
Zack Lee as Benny, an associate of Uco in prison who betrays his trust.
Donny Alamsyah as Andi, Rama's brother who is executed by Bejo.
Tegar Satrya (id) as Bowo, Rama's colleague and fellow survivor of the first film's eponymous raid.
Marsha Timothy (id) as Dwi, Prakoso's estranged wife.

text: Other cast members include Henky Solaiman and Fikha Effendi, who reprise their roles as Rama's father and wife Isa, respectively. Veteran actors Deddy Sutomo and Pong Hardjatmo make cameos as the mediator and police commissioner, respectively.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Following Merantau, director Gareth Evans and his producers began to work on a project called Berandal (which is Indonesian for "thugs"), a large-scale prison gang film intended to star not only Merantau actors Iko Uwais and Yayan Ruhian, but also an additional pair of international fight stars. A teaser trailer was shot, but the project proved to be more complex and time consuming than they had anticipated.[10] After a year and a half, Evans and the producers found themselves with insufficient funds to produce Berandal, so they changed to a simpler, but different story with a smaller budget. They called the project Serbuan Maut (The Raid), which led to the creation of the first film.[11]

text: While developing The Raid in script form, Evans considered the idea of creating a link between it and the initial project, Berandal. Following the release of The Raid, it was later confirmed that Berandal would serve as a sequel to The Raid.[12][13] Evans also said that he wanted to include car chases in the sequel, as well as a third Raid film being "a lot further down the line."[14]

text: With the title for the North American market announced as The Raid 2, the sequel has a "significantly larger" budget than its predecessor, and its production schedule took approximately 100 days.[15] Pre-production began in September 2012 with filming in January 2013.[16][17]

text: Casting and filming[edit]

text: In December 2012, Twitch confirmed that Julie Estelle was cast as "Hammer Girl"; Evans also tweeted that internationally renowned silat practitioner Cecep Arif Rahman was also given a major part in the film.[18] Marsha Timothy, Mathias Muchus, Tio Pakusadewo, and Alex Abbad, who worked with Evans in Merantau, were also cast in the film.[18] Japanese actors Matsuda Ryuhei, Endo Kenichi, and Kitamura Kazuki also joined the cast.[19]

text: Evans also revealed on his Twitter that Yayan Ruhian, who played Mad Dog in The Raid, will return for the sequel as a new character called Prakoso,[20] the machete-wielding chief assassin of Bangun. He claimed that he would not do a martial arts film without Ruhian being involved.[21] Ruhian, who is a choreographer of the film, also trained Estelle in pencak silat.[22]

text: In January 2013, PT Merantau Films and XYZ Films announced the start of production.[23][24][25] The filming process took about seven months and ended in July 2013.[26]

text: The film's lead cinematographer Matt Flannery tweeted that at least three RED cameras were used in a test shoot of a chase scene.[27][28] Gareth Evans mentioned on his Twitter that they were using RED Scarlet for 95% of the shoot, Epic for slow mo, and Go Pro 3 for quick cuts during the car chase.[29]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A teaser trailer was released at Twitch Film on 6 November 2013.[30] The Hollywood Reporter stated that the trailer "unleashes more action than most Hollywood blockbusters."[31]

text: A longer Indonesian trailer was released on 31 December 2013.[32] The American trailer was released on 21 January 2014.[33][34][35][36]

text: On 26 March 2014, a deleted scene from the film titled "Gang War" was released to promote the film.[37]

text: International release[edit]

text: The film was marketed internationally through Celluloid Nightmares, a partnership between US-based XYZ Films and France's Celluloid Dreams.[38][39]

text: Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions acquired the film's distribution rights for the United States,[4] Latin America and Spain; and Kadokawa Pictures for Japan.[5] Distribution rights to other countries were sold to eOne Entertainment for Canada and the United Kingdom; Koch Media for Germany, Switzerland and Austria; Calinos Films for Turkey; HGC for China; and Madman Entertainment for Australia.[39][40]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on 21 January 2014.[41] It also screened at South by Southwest on 10 March 2014[42] and ARTE Indonesia Arts Festival on 14 March 2014.[43] Following a wide release on 11 April 2014, due to low returns the majority of theaters closed the film one week later. This was similar to what occurred during the theatrical run of the first film.[44]

text: Censorship[edit]

text: The Raid 2 was banned in neighboring Malaysia.[45] The film was scheduled to hit Malaysian screens on 28 March, but had not been shown anywhere in the country due to its excessive violence.[46] Indonesian politician, and former Army Chief of Staff, Pramono Edhie Wibowo criticized the decision and demanded an explanation. He further asked the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to "actively perform its mediation function with the Malaysian government."[47]

text: The US release was given an R rating by the MPAA for "strong bloody violence throughout, sexuality and language",[48] cutting a few frames of graphic violence. Director Evans stated the cuts are very minimal and similar to his original cut.[49][50] The film received an R-15 rating in Japan with 4 minutes cut, and an R-18 uncut version which was screened in the Tokyo metropolitan area.[51]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Raid 2 has received positive reviews. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 79% approval rating, with an average score of 7.4/10, based on reviews from 160 critics. The site's consensus states: "Although its high-energy plot and over-the-top violence may play better with genre aficionados, The Raid 2 definitely delivers more of everything audiences loved about its predecessor."[52] The film has a score of 71/100 on Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews", based on 33 critics.[53]

text: During its world premiere at Sundance, The Raid 2 received an overwhelming reaction. Mark Olsen of the Los Angeles Times reported that "The screening caused an explosion of excitement and enthusiasm for the film on social media."[54]

text: In a 3-out-of-5 mixed review, Joey Magidson of the website Awards Circuit wrote that he "appreciate(s) the directing skills on display in The Raid 2, but at a certain point, all of the fighting and killing nearly got to be too much for me. I’m recommending the film, but not in the same way as the last one."[55] He added that while it is "creative enough to be worth a recommendation, it lacks the originality of the first flick" and concluded that "The Raid 2 will delight genre fans, but might not impress to many others."[55]

text: Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly said, "The Raid 2 will make you feel like Christmas came nine months early. Some action sequels don't know when to say when. But here's one where too much is just the right amount."[56]

text: Simon Abrams of RogerEbert.com praised the film for its "involving plot"; calling the cast, especially Uwais, "charming" and dialogue "winningly precise" while noting that the sequel is "a great step up after the already-impressive The Raid."[57]

text: David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, remarking, "Evans gives the audience a knowing wink by having Rama endure repeated batterings that would leave mere mortals in traction, not to mention some nasty blade wounds. Yet he keeps coming back, finding the stamina to snap more limbs and crush more skulls. Taking place inside moving vehicles, a subway car, a noodle bar, warehouses, a porn factory, tight corridors and in the most electrifying mano-a-mano clash, a gleaming nightclub kitchen and wine cellar, the fights are dynamite."[58]

text: Rolling Stone chief critic Peter Travers wrote, "The Raid 2 lets its warriors rip for two and a half thrilling hours. With the precision of dance and the punch of a K.O. champion, Evans keeps the action coming like nobody's business."[59]

text: Many have praised the film for matching the action sequences that made the first film so great, as well as improving upon the plot and the dialogue, which its predecessor was criticized for.

text: Amber Wilkinson of The Daily Telegraph commented, "Hyper-violent it may be but there is beauty in its brutality," and wrote, "To say a martial arts movie brings something fresh in terms of choreography may sound like fighting talk, but Gareth Evans's sequel to his 2011 film is endlessly inventive."[60]

text: Matt Risley of Total Film gave the film 5 stars and wrote: "Sumptuously shot, perfectly paced and flat-out exhilarating, The Raid 2 cements Evans as the best action director working today and may not be the best action, gangster, or even martial-arts movie ever made. But as a combination of all three, it's unparalleled in recent memory and offers a tantalising glimpse into a post-Bayhem action-movie world. Brutal, beautiful and brilliant" and also wrote, "The sheer imagination on show, both in the cinematography and choreography, guarantees each brawl is instantly iconic. Immaculately edited, each traumatic, tensely tactile fight would blur into chaos if not for Evans's pinpoint pacing something that refreshes all the more in the face of modern blockbusting's tendency to start big and just keep getting bigger, until burnout."[61]

text: Year-End Lists[edit]

text: The film appeared on several critics' year-end lists.

text:
#07 – IMDb's "Top 10 Films of 2014"[62]
#10 – Drew McWeeny of HitFix's "Top 50 Films of 2014"[63]
#10 – DenOfGeek.com's "Top 10 Films of 2014"[64]
#14 – Rob Hunter of Film School Rejects's "14 Best Foreign Language Films of 2014"[65]
#02 – Peter Freeman of DCOutlook.com's "Top 10 Movies of 2014"[66]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The Raid 2 has garnered a number of nominations and wins from both domestic and international awards.

text: On 19 December 2014, it won the award for Best Foreign Language Film from the Florida Film Critics Circle over Sweden's Force Majeure and Poland's Ida;[67] a first for an Indonesian film. It also received two nominations at the 2014 Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards, for Best Stunts, and Best Foreign Language Film;[68] losing the former to Edge of Tomorrow and the latter to Polish film, Ida. Another nomination came from the 2014 Chicago Film Critics Association Awards on the Best Foreign Language Film category, which it lost to Ruben Östlund's Force Majeure from Sweden. For the 8th Houston Film Critics Society Awards, it also received a nomination in the foreign film category, again losing to Force Majeure.

text: The film received 10 nominations at the local 2014 Maya Awards, organized by online film community Piala Maya. On 20 December 2014, it won four of its ten nominations: Best Cinematography for Matt Flanery and Dimas Subono, Best Editing for Evans and Andi Novianto, Best Special Effects, and Best Supporting Actor for Arifin Putra. It was also nominated for Best Film, Best Original Score, Most Memorable Featured Appearance for Julie Estelle as 'The Hammer Girl' (all three lost to Cahaya dari Timur); Best Hair & Make-Up and Best Sound Mixing (both lost to Killers), as well as another nomination in the Best Supporting Actor category for Oka Antara (who lost to co-star Arifin Putra).[69]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2014
Golden Trailer Awards
Best Foreign Action Trailer
The Raid 2
Nominated

2014
Florida Film Critics Circle
Best Foreign Language Film
The Raid 2
Won

2014
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards
Best Foreign Language Film
The Raid 2
Nominated

2014
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards
Best Stunts
The Raid 2 Stunts Team
Nominated

2014
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
Best Foreign Language Film
The Raid 2
Nominated

2014
Maya Awards
Best Film
The Raid 2
Nominated

2014
Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Arifin Putra
Won

2014
Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Oka Antara
Nominated

2014
Most Memorable Featured Appearance
Julie Estelle
Nominated

2014
Best Cinematography
Dimas Subono
Matt Flanery

Won

2014
Best Editing
Andi Novianto
Gareth Evans

Won

2014
Best Sound Mixing

Nominated

2014
Best Original Score
Aria Prayogi

Fajar Yuskemal

Joseph Trapanese
Nominated

2014
Best Special Effects
Andi Noviandi
Won

2014
Best Makeup & Hairstyling

Nominated

2015
Houston Film Critics Society Awards
Best Foreign Language Film
The Raid 2
Nominated

text: Deleted scenes[edit]

text: There were a number of scenes deleted from the final cut that made it to wide release. Some of these deleted scenes were published by Merantau Films on their YouTube page.[70] These following scenes, however, are not equipped with proper sound editing and special effects.

text:
Gang War was released prior to the film's release and "served to escalate the gang war out onto the streets involving people outside of the closed off inter-gang politics." Evans commented of this particular deleted scene as "the hardest for [him] to cut" and explained that the reasons to cut the scene were "entirely down to pacing issues."[37] No characters that appeared in the final cut were seen in this scene.[37]
Investigation contains "an extended version of the scene with Bunawar helping to clear Rama's name and remove him from the equation of what went down in The Raid."[71] Andi (Donny Alamsyah) is seen in this scene leading his men to hand-deliver the armoured truck to Bunawar's office to "reinforce the relationship hinted at in The Raid."[71]
A Funeral and Bowo was intended as an "extension of the funeral scene, with an added explanation of what happened to Bowo (one of the surviving members of the SWAT Team in The Raid."[72]
The Politician's Son depicts Rama (as Yuda) beating a politician's son at a night club which, in the final cut, was only mentioned as the reason for his imprisonment at the beginning of the film. Former MTV personality Daniel Mananta was seen in this scene as someone introducing Yuda to a 'boss'.[73]
The Marketplace was deleted due to "pacing reasons";[74] containing a scene set at a local market in which Rama (still undercover) checked up on his wife and son from afar before leaving them unseen.
Prakoso Getting Ready was a "small scene to show Prakoso's home and a different side to his character away from his role as executioner." On the reason for the deletion, it is said that "The concept was to show a fragility and a vulnerability in him, but [they] felt this was already achieved by Yayan's performance in the scene with his ex-wife."[75]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On 6 January 2014, Total Film reported that The Raid 3 will take place two hours before the end of The Raid 2.[76] On 19 April 2014, during an interview with Metro, director Evans said that he is planning to take a break from martial arts movies for two or three years before filming it.[77][78][79] The Raid 3 was planned for a 2018 or 2019 release.[80]

text: However, in a 21 November 2016 interview with Impact Online, director Evans revealed the sequel was on hold with the franchise likely having ended, stating "Moving back to UK felt like a closing chapter on that franchise – we ended the story pretty neatly (I feel) in Part 2. I'm aware there's an interest for it [...] So never say never, but it's unlikely to happen anytime soon."[81]


document_title: Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1981

question_text: what was the most popular song in 1981

question_tokens: what was the most popular song in 1981

root

text: This is a list of Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1981.[1][2]

tag: p

text:
№
Title
Artist(s)

1
"Bette Davis Eyes"
Kim Carnes

2
"Endless Love"
Diana Ross & Lionel Richie

3
"Lady"
Kenny Rogers

4
"(Just Like) Starting Over"
John Lennon

5
"Jessie's Girl"
Rick Springfield

6
"Celebration"
Kool & the Gang

7
"Kiss on My List"
Hall & Oates

8
"I Love a Rainy Night"
Eddie Rabbitt

9
"9 to 5"
Dolly Parton

10
"Keep on Loving You"
REO Speedwagon

11
"Theme from The Greatest American Hero (Believe It or Not)"
Joey Scarbury

12
"Morning Train (Nine to Five)"
Sheena Easton

13
"Being with You"
Smokey Robinson

14
"Queen of Hearts"
Juice Newton

15
"Rapture"
Blondie

16
"A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)"
Raydio

17
"The Tide Is High"
Blondie

18
"Just the Two of Us"
Grover Washington, Jr. & Bill Withers

19
"Slow Hand"
The Pointer Sisters

20
"I Love You"
Climax Blues Band

21
"Woman"
John Lennon

22
"Sukiyaki"
A Taste of Honey

23
"The Winner Takes It All"
ABBA

24
"Stars on 45 Medley"
Stars on 45

25
"Angel of the Morning"
Juice Newton

26
"Love on the Rocks"
Neil Diamond

27
"Every Woman in the World"
Air Supply

28
"The One That You Love"
Air Supply

29
"Guilty"
Barbra Streisand & Barry Gibb

30
"The Best of Times"
Styx

31
"Elvira"
The Oak Ridge Boys

32
"Take It on the Run"
REO Speedwagon

33
"(There's) No Gettin' Over Me"
Ronnie Milsap

34
"Living Inside Myself"
Gino Vannelli

35
"Woman in Love"
Barbra Streisand

36
"The Boy from New York City"
The Manhattan Transfer

37
"Urgent"
Foreigner

38
"Passion"
Rod Stewart

39
"Lady (You Bring Me Up)"
Commodores

40
"Crying"
Don McLean

41
"Hearts"
Marty Balin

42
"It's My Turn"
Diana Ross

43
"You Make My Dreams"
Hall & Oates

44
"I Don't Need You"
Kenny Rogers

45
"How 'Bout Us"
Champaign

46
"Hit Me with Your Best Shot"
Pat Benatar

47
"The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)"
The Greg Kihn Band

48
"Time"
The Alan Parsons Project

49
"Hungry Heart"
Bruce Springsteen

50
"Sweetheart"
Franke and the Knockouts

51
"Somebody's Knockin'"
Terri Gibbs

52
"More Than I Can Say"
Leo Sayer

53
"Together"
Tierra

54
"Too Much Time on My Hands"
Styx

55
"What Are We Doin' in Love"
Dottie West & Kenny Rogers

56
"Who's Crying Now"
Journey

57
"De Do Do Do, De Da Da Da"
The Police

58
"This Little Girl"
Gary U.S. Bonds

59
"Stop Draggin' My Heart Around"
Stevie Nicks & Tom Petty

60
"Giving It Up for Your Love"
Delbert McClinton

61
"A Little in Love"
Cliff Richard

62
"America"
Neil Diamond

63
"Ain't Even Done With The Night"
John Cougar

64
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Christopher Cross

65
"Another One Bites the Dust"
Queen

66
"Games People Play"
The Alan Parsons Project

67
"I Can't Stand It"
Eric Clapton

68
"While You See a Chance"
Steve Winwood

69
"Master Blaster (Jammin')"
Stevie Wonder

70
"Hello Again"
Neil Diamond

71
"Don't Stand So Close to Me"
The Police

72
"Hey Nineteen"
Steely Dan

73
"I Ain't Gonna Stand for It"
Stevie Wonder

74
"All Those Years Ago"
George Harrison

75
"Step By Step"
Eddie Rabbitt

76
"The Stroke"
Billy Squier

77
"Feels So Right"
Alabama

78
"Sweet Baby"
George Duke & Stanley Clarke

79
"Same Old Lang Syne"
Dan Fogelberg

80
"Cool Love"
Pablo Cruise

81
"Hold On Tight"
Electric Light Orchestra

82
"It's Now or Never"
John Schneider

83
"Treat Me Right"
Pat Benatar

84
"Winning"
Santana

85
"What Kind of Fool"
Barbra Streisand & Barry Gibb

86
"Watching the Wheels"
John Lennon

87
"Tell It Like It Is"
Heart

88
"Smoky Mountain Rain"
Ronnie Milsap

89
"I Made It Through the Rain"
Barry Manilow

90
"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'"
Hall & Oates

91
"Suddenly"
Olivia Newton-John & Cliff Richard

92
"For Your Eyes Only"
Sheena Easton

93
"The Beach Boys Medley"
The Beach Boys

94
"Whip It"
Devo

95
"Modern Girl"
Sheena Easton

96
"Really Wanna Know You"
Gary Wright

97
"Seven Year Ache"
Rosanne Cash

98
"I'm Coming Out"
Diana Ross

99
"Miss Sun"
Boz Scaggs

100
"Time Is Time"
Andy Gibb

tag: table


document_title: Christmas lights

question_text: when were electric christmas tree lights first used

text: Christmas lights

text: History[edit]

text: The Christmas tree was adopted in upper-class homes in 18th-century Germany, where it was occasionally decorated with candles, which at the time was a comparatively expensive light source. Candles for the tree were glued with melted wax to a tree branch or attached by pins. Around 1890, candleholders were first used for Christmas candles. Between 1902 and 1914, small lanterns and glass balls to hold the candles started to be used. Early electric Christmas lights were introduced with electrification, beginning in the 1880s.

text: The illuminated Christmas tree became established in the United Kingdom during Queen Victoria's reign, and through emigration spread to North America and Australia. In her journal for Christmas Eve 1832, the delighted 13-year-old princess wrote, "After dinner.. we then went into the drawing-room near the dining-room. There were two large round tables on which were placed two trees hung with lights and sugar ornaments. All the presents being placed round the trees".[9] Until the availability of inexpensive electrical power in the early twentieth century, miniature candles were commonly (and in some cultures still are) used.

text: In the United Kingdom, electrically powered Christmas lights are generally known as fairy lights. In 1881, the Savoy Theatre, London was the first building in the world to be lit entirely by electricity.[10] Sir Joseph Swan, pioneer of the incandescent light bulb, supplied about 1,200 Swan incandescent lamps, and a year later, the Savoy owner Richard D'Oyly Carte equipped the principal fairies with miniature lighting supplied by the Swan United Electric Lamp Company, for the opening night of the Gilbert and Sullivan opera Iolanthe on 25 November 1882.[11] The term 'fairy lights', describing 'a small coloured light used in illuminations' had already entered English:[12] its usage for a string of electrically powered Christmas lights has been common in the UK ever since.[13]

text: The first known electrically illuminated Christmas tree was the creation of Edward H. Johnson, an associate of inventor Thomas Edison. While he was vice president of the Edison Electric Light Company, a predecessor of today's Con Edison electric utility, he had Christmas tree light bulbs especially made for him. He proudly displayed his Christmas tree, which was hand-wired with 80 red, white and blue electric incandescent light bulbs the size of walnuts, on December 22, 1882 at his home on Fifth Avenue in New York City. Local newspapers ignored the story, seeing it as a publicity stunt. However, it was published by a Detroit newspaper reporter, and Johnson has become widely regarded as the Father of Electric Christmas Tree Lights. By 1900, businesses started stringing up Christmas lights behind their windows.[14] Christmas lights were too expensive for the average person; as such, electric Christmas lights did not become the majority replacement for candles until 1930.[15]

text: In 1895, U.S. President Grover Cleveland proudly sponsored the first electrically lit Christmas tree in the White House. It was a huge specimen, featuring more than a hundred multicolored lights. The first commercially produced Christmas tree lamps were manufactured in strings of multiples of eight sockets by the General Electric Co. of Harrison, New Jersey. Each socket took a miniature two-candela carbon-filament lamp.

text: From that point on, electrically illuminated Christmas trees, but only indoors, grew with mounting enthusiasm in the United States and elsewhere. San Diego in 1904, Appleton, Wisconsin in 1909, and New York City in 1912 were the first recorded instances of the use of Christmas lights outside.[15] McAdenville, North Carolina claims to have been the first in 1956.[16] The Library of Congress credits the town for inventing "the tradition of decorating evergreen trees with Christmas lights dates back to 1956 when the McAdenville Men's Club conceived of the idea of decorating a few trees around the McAdenville Community Center."[17] However, the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree has had "lights" since 1931, but did not have real electric lights until 1956.[18] Furthermore, Philadelphia's Christmas Light Show and Disney's Christmas Tree also began in 1956.[19][20] Though General Electric sponsored community lighting competitions during the 1920s, it would take until the mid-1950s for the use of such lights to be adopted by average households.

text: Over a period of time,[clarification needed] strings of Christmas lights found their way into use in places other than Christmas trees. Soon, strings of lights adorned mantles and doorways inside homes, and ran along the rafters, roof lines, and porch railings of homes and businesses. In recent times, many city skyscrapers are decorated with long mostly-vertical strings of a common theme, and are activated simultaneously in Grand Illumination ceremonies.

text: In 1963, a boycott of Christmas lights was done in Greenville, North Carolina to protest the segregation that kept blacks from being employed by downtown businesses in Greenville, during the Christmas sales season. Known as the Black Christmas (boycott) or "Christmas Sacrifice", it was an effective way to protest the cultural and fiscal segregation in the town with 33% black population. Light decorations in the homes, on the Christmas trees, or outside the house were not shown, and only six houses in the black community broke the boycott that Christmas.[21]

text: In the mid-2000s, the video of the home of Carson Williams was widely distributed on the internet as a viral video. It garnered national attention in 2005 from The Today Show on NBC, Inside Edition and the CBS Evening News and was featured in a Miller television commercial.[22][23] Williams turned his hobby into a commercial venture, and was commissioned to scale up his vision to a scale of 250,000 lights at a Denver shopping center, as well as displays in parks and zoos.

text: Technology[edit]

text: The technology used in Christmas lighting displays is highly diverse, ranging from simple light strands, Christmas lights (a.k.a. Fairy lights), through to full blown animated tableaux, involving complex illuminated animatronics and statues.

text: Christmas lights (also called twinkle lights, holiday lights, mini lights or fairy lights), that are strands of electric lights used to decorate homes, public/commercial buildings and Christmas trees during the Christmas season are amongst the most recognized form of Christmas lighting. Christmas lights come in a dazzling array of configurations and colors. The small "midget" bulbs commonly known as fairy lights are also called Italian lights in some parts of the U.S., such as Chicago.

text: The types of lamps used in Christmas lighting also vary considerably, reflecting the diversity of modern lighting technology in general. Common lamp types are incandescent light bulbs and now light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are being increasingly encouraged as being more energy efficient. Less common are neon lamp sets. Fluorescent lamp sets were produced for a limited time by Sylvania in the mid-1940s.[24]

text: Christmas lights using incandescent bulbs are somewhat notorious for being difficult to troubleshoot and repair. In the 1950s and 1960s, the series circuit connected light sets would go completely dark when a single bulb failed. So in the fairly recent past, the mini-lights have come with shunts to allow a set to continue to operate with a burned out bulb. However, if there are multiple bulb failures or a shunt is bad, the string can still fail. There are two basic ways to troubleshoot this: a one by one replacement with a known good bulb, or by using a test light to find out where the voltage gets interrupted. One example made specifically for Christmas lights is the LightKeeper Pro. For additional information, see the troubleshooting section of the Holiday lighting technology article.

text: When Christmas light manufacturers first started using LEDs the colors seemed very dull and uninspiring. Even the white lights, which were typically single-chip LEDs, glowed with a faintly yellowish color that made them look cheap and unattractive.[25]

text: Outdoor displays[edit]

text: Public venues[edit]

text: Displays of Christmas lights in public venues and on public buildings are a popular part of the annual celebration of Christmas, and may be set up by businesses or by local governments. The displays utilize Christmas lights in many ways, including decking towering Christmas trees in public squares, street trees and park trees, adorning lampposts and other such structures, decorating significant buildings such as town halls and department stores, and lighting up popular tourist attractions such as the Eiffel Tower and the Sydney Opera House. It is believed that the first outdoor public electric light Christmas Holiday display was organized by Fredrick Nash and the Pasadena Chamber of Commerce in Altadena, California, on Santa Rosa Avenue, called Christmas Tree Lane. Christmas Tree Lane in Altadena has been continuously lit except during WW2 since 1920. Annual displays in Regent Street and Oxford Street, London, date from 1954 and 1959 respectively.

text: Neighborhoods[edit]

text: From the 1960s, beginning with tract housing in the U.S., it became increasingly common to completely outline the house (but particularly the eaves) with weatherproof Christmas lights. The Holiday Trail of Lights is a joint effort by cities in east Texas and northwest Louisiana that had its origins in the Festival of Lights and Christmas Festival in Natchitoches, started in 1927, making it one of the oldest light festivals in the United States. Fulton Street in Palo Alto, California, has the nickname "Christmas Tree Lane" due to the display of lighted Christmas trees on the sides of the street.[26]

text: A familiar pastime during the holiday season is to drive or walk around neighborhoods in the evening to see the lights displayed on and around other homes. While some homes have no lights, others may have incredibly ornate displays which require weeks to construct. A rare few have even made it to the Extreme Christmas TV specials shown on HGTV, at least one requiring a generator and another requiring separate electrical service to supply the amount of electrical power required. In Australia and New Zealand, chains of Christmas lights were quickly adopted as an effective way to provide ambient lighting to verandas, where cold beer is often served in the long hot summer evenings. Since the late twentieth century, increasingly elaborate Christmas lights have been displayed, and driving around between 8 and 10 p.m. to look at the lights has become a popular form of family entertainment. In some areas Christmas lighting even becomes a fierce competition, with town councils offering awards for the best decorated house, in other areas it is seen as a co-operative effort, with residents priding themselves on their street or their neighbourhood. The town of Lobethal, South Australia, in the Adelaide Hills, is famed for its extensive Christmas lighting displays and many residents go to great effort to put on the best light display in the town. Residents from the nearby city of Adelaide often drive up to the town to view them.

text: Other holidays[edit]

text: In the United States, lights have been produced for many other holidays. These may be simple sets in typical holiday colors, or the type with plastic ornaments which the light socket fits into. Light sculptures are also produced in typical holiday icons.

text: Halloween is the most popular, with miniature light strings having black-insulated wires and semi-opaque orange bulbs. Later sets had some transparent purple bulbs (a representation of black, similar to blacklight), a few even have transparent green, or a translucent or semi-opaque lime green (possibly representing slime as in Ghostbusters, or creatures like goblins or space aliens). Two types of icicle lights are sold at Halloween: all-orange, and a combination of purple and green known as "slime lights".

text: Easter lights are often produced in pastels. These typically have white wire and connectors.

text: Red, white, and blue lights are produced for Independence Day, as well as U.S. flag and other patriotic-themed ornaments. Net lights have been produced with the lights in a U.S. flag pattern. In 2006, some stores carried stakes with LEDs that light fiber-optics, looking similar to fireworks.

text: These above light strings are occasionally used on Christmas trees anyway, usually to add extra variety to the colors of the lights on the tree.

text: Various types of patio lighting with no holiday theme are also made for summertime. These are often clear white lights, but most are ornament sets, such as lanterns made of metal or bamboo, or plastic ornaments in the shape of barbecue condiments, flamingos and palm trees, or even various beers. Some are made of decorative wire or mesh, in abstract shapes such as dragonflies, often with glass "gems" or marbles. Light sculptures are also made in everything from wire-mesh frogs to artificial palm trees outlined in rope lights.

text: In Pakistan, fairy lights are often used to decorate in celebration of Eid ul-Fitr at Chaand Raat, which occurs at the end of Ramadan. In India on Diwali too, homes, shops and streets are decorated with strings of fairy lights.

text: Environment, recycling, and safety[edit]

text: Christmas lighting does lead to some extensive recycling issues. Every year, more than 20 million pounds of discarded holiday lights are shipped to Shijiao, China (near Guangzhou), which has been referred to as "the world capital for recycling Christmas lights".[27] The region began importing discarded lights around 1990 in part because of its cheap labor and low environmental standards.[27] As late as 2009, many factories would simply burn the lights to melt the plastic and retrieve the copper wire, releasing toxic fumes into the local environment.[27] A safer technique was then developed that involved chopping the lights into a fine sand-like consistency, mixing it with water and vibrating the slurry on a table causing the different elements to separate out, similar to the process of panning for gold.[27] Everything is recycled: copper, brass, plastic and glass.

text: More and more cities in the U.S., for example, are setting up sensible alternatives and schemes to recycle Christmas lights, with towns organizing drop-off points for handing in old or discarded lights.[28][29]

text: Installing holiday lighting may also be a safety hazard when incorrectly connecting several strands of lights, repeatedly using the same extension cords, or using an unsafe ladder during the installation process.

text: Light sculptures[edit]

text: Christmas light sculptures, also called motifs, are used as Christmas decorations and for other holidays. Originally, these were large wireframe metalwork pieces made for public displays, such as for a municipal government to place on utility poles, and shopping centers to place on lampposts. Since the 1990s, these are also made in small plastic home versions that can be hung in a window, or on a door or wall. Framed motifs can be lit using mini lights or ropelight, and larger scale motifs and sculptures may use C7 bulbs.

text: Light sculptures can be either flat (most common) or three-dimensional. Flat sculptures are the motifs, and are often on metal frames, but garland can also be attached to outdoor motifs. Indoor motifs often have a multicolored plastic backing sheet, sometimes holographic. 3D sculptures include deer or reindeer (even moose) in various positions, and with or without antlers, often with a motor to move the head up and down or side to side as if grazing. These and other 3D displays may be bare-frame, or be covered with garland, looped and woven transparent plastic cord or acrylic, or natural or goldtone-painted vines. Snowflakes are a popular design for municipal displays, so as not to be misconstrued as a government endorsement of religion, or so they can be left up all winter.

text: Some places make huge displays of these during December, such as Callaway Gardens, Life University, and Lake Lanier Islands in the U.S. state of Georgia. In east Tennessee, the cities of Chattanooga, Sevierville, Pigeon Forge, and Gatlinburg have light sculptures up all winter. Gatlinburg also has custom ones for Valentine's Day and St. Patrick's Day, while Pigeon Forge puts flowers on its tall lampposts for spring, and for winter has a steamboat and the famous picture of U.S. Marines Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, in addition to the city's historic Old Mill.

text: Some sculptures have microcontrollers that sequence circuits of lights, so that the object appears to be in motion. This is used for things such as snowflakes falling, Santa Claus waving, a peace dove flapping its wings, or train wheels rolling.

text: Examples[edit]

text:
Christmas lights on trees

Champs-Élysées

Christmas in Dublin, CA

Peter Larsen illuminated coffee pot

Christmas market illumination

Clifton Mill Christmas in 2005

LED light sculpture in Gänserndorf, Austria

Christmas street illumination in Viborg

Hünfeld Adventskalender

Christmas decoration in front of the church in Weissenbach an der Triesting

Christmas Lights, Aarhus

City lights Christmastime

Christmas Lights

Lighted trees and houses in Schöckingen

The clock tower of Kozani; a landmark of the city.

Merry X-mas

Santas sleigh

Essex Christmas lighting ceremony

German Christmas Market, Cardiff

tag: ul


document_title: List of Only Fools and Horses characters

question_text: who played june in only fools and horses

text: Regular characters[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
First appearance
Last appearance
Duration
Episodes

Del Boy
David Jason (James Buckley in Rock & Chips)
"Big Brother"
2014 Sport Relief special
1981-2003, 2014
64

Rodney
Nicholas Lyndhurst
"Big Brother"
2014 Sport Relief special
1981-2003, 2014
64

Grandad
Lennard Pearce (Phil Daniels in Rock & Chips)
"Big Brother"
"Licensed to Drill"
1981–1984
22

Uncle Albert
Buster Merryfield
"Strained Relations"
"The Comic Relief Special"
1985–1997
37

Cassandra
Gwyneth Strong
"Yuppy Love"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1989–2003
21

Raquel
Tessa Peake-Jones
"Dates"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1988-2003
20

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: Major[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
First appearance
Last appearance
Duration
Episodes

Trigger
Roger Lloyd-Pack (Lewis Osbourne in Rock & Chips)
"Big Brother"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1981-2003
39

Boycie
John Challis (Stephen Lloyd in Rock & Chips)
"Go West Young Man"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1981–2009
33

Denzil
Paul Barber (Ashley Gerlach in Rock & Chips)
"Who's a Pretty Boy?"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1983–2003
18

Slater
Jim Broadbent (Callum McNab in Rock & Chips)
"May The Force Be With You"
"The Class of '62"
1983, 1985, 1991
3

Marlene Boyce
Sue Holderness
"Sleeping Dogs Lie"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1985–2009
20

Mike
Kenneth MacDonald
"Who's a Pretty Boy?"
"Time On Our Hands"
1983–1996
30

Mickey Pearce
Patrick Murray
"Healthy Competition"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1983–2003
20

Sid
Roy Heather
"The Long Legs of the Law"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1982, 1985–2003
13

Damien
Various
"Three Men, a Woman and a Baby"
"Sleepless in Peckham"
1991–2003
10

text: Minor[edit]

text: Jevon[edit]

text: Jevon (Steven Woodcock) is a friend of Rodney and Mickey Pearce, first seen in Dates. Unlike Mickey, Jevon is successful with the ladies, though to his chagrin Cassandra Parry rebuffed him when he asked her to dance. He was even more surprised when she agreed to dance with Rodney. Jevon set up a trading partnership with Mickey Pearce, which lasted throughout the sixth series. They apparently gave up on the trading business at the end of that series though, following a run-in with the Driscoll brothers which left them both in plaster. Jevon made one further appearance in The Jolly Boys' Outing, after which Woodcock left the series to take the role of Clyde Tavernier in EastEnders and the character was not seen again. He appeared in The Jolly Boys' Outing, Little Problems, Sickness & Wealth, Yuppy Love and Dates.

text: Nerys[edit]

text: "Nervous" Nerys (Andrée Bernard) was the Nag's Head barmaid who appeared in two episodes, Dates and Sickness and Wealth. She briefly dated Rodney, although she was left terrified when a gang of yobs began chasing them in the van. The Trotter's also scared her again, with their fake seance.

text: Alan Parry[edit]

text: Alan Parry (Denis Lill) was a regular cast member during series six and seven. He is Cassandra's father and subsequently, Rodney's father-in-law. He is the owner of a successful printing firm, which employs Rodney for a time from 1989 to 1991, and later becomes a friend of Del Boy. Despite being a successful businessman by the time he met Del, Alan was still a Cockney wideboy at heart, often ending up drunk or getting sick after eating too many jellied eels whilst under Del's influence, much to the chagrin of his more overtly middle-class wife, Pam (Wanda Ventham).

text: Roy Slater[edit]

text: Detective Chief Inspector Roy Slater (Jim Broadbent in Only Fools and Horses and Calum MacNab in Rock & Chips) appeared in three episodes - May The Force Be With You, To Hull and Back, and The Class of '62. A much-reviled ex-schoolmate of Del's, Slater was a corrupt policeman and (as revealed in The Class of '62) the ex-husband of Raquel Turner. He was sent to prison for diamond smuggling after the events of To Hull and Back. Slater also appears in the prequel Rock & Chips, where he is barely tolerated by Del and the others as a member of their gang, as his friendship with them is at this point obviously falling apart. In Five Gold Rings, he leaves school to become a police cadet, and arrests Del and Jumbo for selling illegal American records (although he is snubbed by his sergeant, who goes on to keep the records for himself and lets Del and Jumbo go with a warning). This is the last time Slater is seen, as he does not appear in The Frog and the Pussycat.

text: In the entire series, Slater is the only character portrayed by an Academy Award-winning actor.

text: PC Terry Hoskins[edit]

text: Police Constable Terence "Terry" Hoskins (Christopher Mitchell) appeared in two episodes - May The Force Be With You and To Hull and Back. He works alongside Roy Slater, but doesn't like him. Slater often makes him miss lunch and watch suspects whilst Slater is away. He has a conversation with Del Boy, in which it is revealed Del Boy sold Terry's mother a gas fire. Terry advises Del Boy to tell Slater and make it easier on himself. In To Hull and Back, Terry turns against Slater and hands him into the police force.

text: June Snell[edit]

text: June Snell (Diane Langton) was an ex-girlfriend of Del Boy's from many years previously. They met up again when Rodney dated June's daughter Debbie in Happy Returns, which Del scuppered in the mistaken belief that Debbie was his daughter.

text: Del and June fell out when June revealed that Debbie's real father was in fact Del's best friend Albie Littlewood, and Del in turn admitted that he had been cheating on her with Albie's girlfriend Deidre. They were later reconciled again, however, as Del invited June to the opera in A Royal Flush with Rodney and his date Lady Victoria. He and June ruined the evening and embarrassed Rodney by noisily eating snacks and arguing with other audience members. The evening then comes to an end after June becomes ill from eating too much and is sick (off screen) over an audience member sitting in front of her.

text: Aside from Debbie, June has another child, a son named Jason.

text: Barmaids[edit]

text: Throughout the run of Only Fools and Horses, there were various barmaids employed at The Nag's Head. Aside from Nerys, they only filled relatively minor roles, speaking only the occasional one-liner or flirting with Del.

text:
Joyce (Peta Bernard) appeared in two episodes of the first series.
Julie (Julie La Rousse) appeared in five episodes between the second and third series; however, La Rousse was credited for only her second appearance.[1]
Karen (Michele Winstanley) appeared in four episodes of the fourth series. In all her appearances, she was credited as Michèle Winstanley.[2]
Vicky (Kim Clifford) appeared in the Christmas special To Hull and Back.
Maureen (Nula Conwell) appeared in five episodes between the fourth and fifth series.

text: Trotter relatives[edit]

text: Joan Trotter[edit]

text:
Joan Trotter

Rock & Chips character

Portrayed by
Kellie Bright

Duration
2010-11

First appearance
Rock & Chips (2010)

Last appearance
The Frog and the Pussycat (2011)

Created by
John Sullivan

Profile

Occupation
Cinema ice-cream girl
Part-time Filing Clerk
Tealady

Home
Nelson Mandela House, Peckham

[show]Family

Sisters
Rose

Husband
Reg Trotter

Sons
Derek Trotter
Rodney Trotter

Grandsons
Damien Trotter

Granddaughters
Joan Trotter II

Other relatives
Edward Trotter (father-in-law)
Violet Trotter (mother-in-law)
Cassandra Trotter (daughter-in-law)

text: Joan Mavis Trotter is Del and Rodney's late mother, and wife of Reg. Though she is never seen in the series, she is often mentioned by Del, especially in his attempts to emotionally blackmail Rodney, who had few memories of her. Del loved his mother deeply, and still mourns her death. Over the series, it became clear to Rodney and the viewers (but not always to Del) that Joan had had a series of affairs with numerous men during her loveless marriage to Del's selfish, work-shy father, Reg. One such affair was with local "gentleman thief" Freddie Robdal, and resulted in the birth of Rodney. She died on 12 March 1964 (according to The Yellow Peril) of an unknown illness while Rodney was still very young.

text: Her tombstone, a flamboyant fibreglass monument, is also seen occasionally. In "The Yellow Peril", Del paints it yellow, not realising that the paint is luminous. In Danger UXD, they dress up the blow up dolls in Joan's old clothes in order to get them out of the flat without being noticed. After the Trotters became millionaires, Del returns to their now deserted flat and remembers his mother telling him he couldn't have the day off school with a hangover because he was taking his 11-plus (Joan is heard saying this in a voiceover provided by an uncredited actress). When Cassandra and Rodney have their baby in Sleepless in Peckham, they name her Joan.

text: The character makes her first screen appearance in Rock & Chips. Portrayed as a hard-working woman in her late 30s, struggling to maintain a home, which included her workshy husband Reg, ageing father-in-law Ted and her teenage son Del Boy. She begins an affair with Freddie Robdal, a friend of Reg's recently released from prison, and soon discovers she is pregnant. Joan and Freddie's affair isn't one of lust; they seem to love each other genuinely and Joan loves both her boys deeply. She is willing to leave Reg altogether and run away with Freddie to Bournemouth to raise Rodney with him, but would only do so once she was sure Del was financially secure. She tries her best to help Del's relationship and hopeful eventual marriage to a rich man's daughter, but the relationship does not work, and Joan ultimately chooses to remain in Peckham for Del's sake. Joan is a huge fan of Hollywood films and actresses, given her job in the Ritz cinema, to the point that she changed her hairstyle multiple times during Rock & Chips to resemble actresses such as Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, Jane Fonda and Audrey Hepburn.

text: Reg Trotter[edit]

text:
Reg Trotter

Only Fools and Horses character

Portrayed by
Peter Woodthorpe (1983)
Shaun Dingwall (2010-11)

Duration
1983, 2010-11

First appearance
Thicker than Water (1983)

Last appearance
The Frog and the Pussycat (2011)

Created by
John Sullivan

Profile

Occupation
Unemployed

Home
Newcastle

[show]Family

Father
Edward Trotter (deceased)

Mother
Violet Trotter (deceased)

Wife
Joan Trotter

Sons
Derek Trotter

Stepsons
Rodney Trotter

Grandsons
Damien Trotter

Granddaughters
Joan Trotter II (step-granddaughter)

Uncles
Albert Trotter
George Trotter
Jack Trotter

First cousins
Stan Trotter

text: Reginald "Reg" Trotter is the estranged father of Del Boy, stepfather of Rodney, and son of Grandad.

text: Reg abandons his family shortly after the death of his wife Joan, upon which he steals Del's sixteenth birthday cake and Rodney's piggy bank. Eighteen years later he returns, in the episode Thicker than Water, claiming to have a hereditary blood disorder. When the results reveal Del and Rodney to have different blood groups, he attempts to split the family by questioning Del's paternity. He quickly leaves once it becomes known that he has forged the test results himself, and is never heard from again. As with their mother, he is often mentioned by Del in other episodes. It was revealed in the final episode Sleepless in Peckham that Rodney is not in fact Reg's biological son, but Freddie Robdal's. It is also shown in Rock & Chips he is an abusive husband to Joan, earning him the hatred of Del and Freddie Robdal, and has an affair with the Nag's Head barmaid called Val.

text: Violet Trotter[edit]

text:
Violet Trotter

Only Fools And Horses character

Portrayed by
Paula Wilcox

Duration
2010-2011

First appearance
Rock and Chips

Created by
John Sullivan

Profile

Occupation
Cleaner

Home
Peckham

[show]Family

Husband
Ted Trotter

Sons
Reg Trotter

Grandsons
Del Boy
Rodney Trotter (step-grandson)

Other relatives
Damien Trotter
(great-grandson)
Joan Trotter II
(step-great-granddaughter)

text: Violet "Vi" Trotter was the estranged, sharp-tongued wife of Ted Trotter, mother of Reg and the paternal grandmother of Del Boy. She appeared in the second and third episodes of the prequel Rock & Chips, Five Gold Rings and The Frog and the Pussycat, where she baby-sat the infant Rodney - much to the fury of her husband, who resented her for throwing him out after she had discovered his affair with Alice Ball, Trigger's grandmother. Despite her contempt for her husband, Vi maintained a friendly relationship with her son, grandson and daughter-in-law, and doted on Rodney. Vi mentioned she worked as the charlady for an art dealer, as Del mentioned in Yesterday Never Comes; however she did not mention that she had stolen a valuable artwork from her employer.

text: Freddie Robdal[edit]

text:
Freddie Robdal

Only Fools And Horses character

Portrayed by
Nicholas Lyndhurst

Duration
2010-2011

First appearance
"Rock & Chips" (2010)

Last appearance
"The Frog and the Pussycat" (2011)

Created by
John Sullivan

Profile

Occupation
Frogman
Gangster
Criminal
Unemployed

Home
Rotherhithe

[show]Family

Sons
Rodney Trotter

Granddaughters
Joan Trotter II

First cousins
Norman

text: Frederick "Freddie" Robdal, also known by his nickname Freddie the Frog, was an unseen character in the original series. He is first mentioned in The Frog's Legacy and later revealed to be Rodney's biological father. Robdal was a career thief who had been a frogman in the Royal Navy (hence the nickname), and had an extramarital affair with Joan Trotter. Robdal died shortly afterwards, when he accidentally sat on his own detonator during a bank robbery. The Trotters' search for his hidden gold legacy was the focal point of the episode The Frog's Legacy. When an old photograph of Robdal surfaced in the episode Sleepless in Peckham, his striking resemblance to Rodney finally settled the issue of the latter's paternity after years of speculation.

text: Robdal is one of the main characters in the Only Fools and Horses prequel Rock & Chips, where he is accompanied by explosive expert Gerald "Jelly" Kelly and has a habit of calling people "cocker", among them Del Boy and Boycie. The first episode of Rock & Chips fully reveals the details surrounding Robdal's affair with Joan which resulted in Rodney's birth, and establishes the beginning of his uncle-nephew-like relationship with Del, who he accompanies (along with Reg, Granddad, and Del's gang) on their first Jolly Boys' Outing to Margate, although the trip is merely a ruse so that Robdal and Kelly can rob a nearby jewellery store. It is revealed in the second episode, Five Gold Rings, that Robdal did in fact love Joan deeply and wanted to see his son grow up, but it was difficult because of Joan's marriage to Reg and his situations with Del Boy and the police. In The Frog and the Pussycat, Robdal and Kelly are again arrested on suspicion of murdering the sole eyewitness to the Margate robbery, although Robdal discovers it was a fraud by the police. However, Robdal is incarcerated when it is revealed one of the stolen jewels was pawned by Joan, who is "working" as Robdal's charlady (in order to fund Del's film). While in prison, Robdal implores Joan to leave London with him to his seaside home with Rodney. Joan accepts but only once she is certain of Del's financial state. However, Del's planned film does not work out well, and Joan is forced to stay in Peckham. It is implied that Robdal remains in Peckham as well.

text: Guest and spin-off characters[edit]

text: Abdul Khan[edit]

text: Abdul Khan (Tony Anholt) only appeared in one episode; To Hull and Back, where he and Boycie arranged a deal with Del, in order to smuggle diamonds from Amsterdam. Although, this was the only episode in which he appeared, Abdul was also mentioned in Diamonds Are for Heather, when Del tells Heather where he got the engagement ring; Video Nasty, when Del had struck a deal with Abdul's cousin's girlfriend's brother's friend, and in the second Rock & Chips episode Five Gold Rings when Del tells his friends that he got four glass diamond rings from Abdul's father, who owns the Bermondsey Wholesale Jewellery Emporium.

text: Arnie[edit]

text: Arnie (Philip McGough) appeared in the episode Chain Gang. A conman, Arnie sold Del Boy, Boycie, Mike, Trigger, Uncle Albert and Rodney a batch of 24 carat gold chains for £12,500, only to later double cross them by faking a heart attack in a restaurant and making off with both the chains and the money in an ambulance driven by his sons. The group eventually tracked him down while he was performing the same scam on Denzil and drove Arnie away in an ambulance of their own.

text: Solly Atwell[edit]

text: Solly Atwell (Colin Jeavons) appeared in the episode Hole in One. The Trotter family solicitor, believed to have represented Del on other, unspecified, occasions. Solly represented Uncle Albert in his case against the brewery when he fell down the Nag's Head cellar. Solly was described by Rodney as being "more bent than the villains", or according to Del: "an expert". He faced being "defrocked" when it was revealed that Albert had been lying to obtain compensation.

text: The Driscoll Brothers[edit]

text: Danny and Tony Driscoll (Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan), usually known as the Driscoll brothers, only appeared in one episode - Little Problems - but were mentioned in numerous others. The Driscoll brothers were the local gangsters with a fearsome reputation for violence (although in order to avoid serious problems with the police, they followed a strict rule in never harming the victim's head). They beat up Del Boy after he failed to repay money owed to them, and in the same episode left Mickey Pearce and Jevon with broken bones for a similar reason. In a similar joke to the different-looking Del and Rodney being brothers, the Driscoll brothers also differ in height, but by a good 18 inches (460 mm), though in their case the taller brother has the brains. The pair appear to have a love-hate relationship, as they often argue but continually work together to get what they want.

text: In the spin-off series The Green Green Grass, it is revealed that the Driscoll brothers have finally been found guilty and sent to prison, thanks to Boycie grassing them to the police, but have been paroled and are now after his blood.

text: The role of Danny Driscoll was originally written for series fan Anthony Hopkins but he was unable to appear due to the filming of The Silence of the Lambs. The role ultimately went to Roy Marsden, on Hopkins' own advice, since Hopkins and Marsden are friends.

text: Doctor Meadows[edit]

text: Doctor Robert "Robbie" Meadows (Ewan Stewart) appears once in the episode Sickness and Wealth as Del's one-time GP. When Del goes to visit him with stomach cramps, he discovers that Robbie has since left his practice and gone to the local hospital. Del tells his new GP a completely opposite story about his lifestyle, that he is a celibate, teetotal, non-smoking, vegetarian health freak. The GP, unable to ascertain why Del is experiencing such difficulties, sends him to hospital. While Del is worrying about what is wrong with him (he fears he has Aids), Robbie finally comes to see him, stating he is now in charge of Del's case, being as he is a former patient. Robbie warns Del that lying to his GP has meant that diagnosing Del's condition (IBS) has taken far longer than it should, and that only because Robbie knows Del (and begrudgingly admires him) has Del's condition been successfully identified.

text: Jumbo Mills[edit]

text: Jumbo Mills (Nick Stringer in Who Wants to Be a Millionaire and Lee Long in Rock & Chips) was Del's old school friend and business partner (they ran a jellied eels stall together) who emigrated to Australia during the 1960s. Jumbo returned to Peckham in the episode Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, and offered Del the chance to restore their old partnership by helping him run his new used car business back in Australia, only for Del to refuse the offer due to Rodney being unable to go because of his drug conviction. Stringer also appeared in an earlier episode, Go West Young Man, playing an Australian man who bought a car with no brakes from Del Boy, which he later accidentally crashed into the back of an E-type Jaguar, which at the time was being driven by Del, who was looking after it for Boycie as a present to his "bit on the side".

text: Don Vincenzo Occhetti[edit]

text: Don Vincenzo Occhetti (David Jason) appeared as the main antagonist in the two-part episode Miami Twice. Ochetti was a Mafia don and an exact doppelgänger for Del Boy. As the episode unfolded it emerged that Ochetti was under FBI surveillance and facing trial for murder, kidnapping and drug-running. After seeing Del's resemblance to his father, Occhetti's son Rico launched a series of unsuccessful attempts to assassinate Del, hoping that the authorities would believe Occhetti himself was dead and thus spare him the prison sentence. Every attempt failed, and Del and Rodney eventually uncovered the Mafia plan, providing the FBI with crucial evidence to send Occhetti to prison for life.

text: Gerald "Jelly" Kelly[edit]

text: Gerald "Jelly" Kelly (Paul Putner) is first mentioned in The Frog's Legacy and later introduced in Rock & Chips, as Freddie Robdal's partner-in-crime and best friend. He accompanies Robdal to Peckham following Robdal's release from prison, but as they are almost out of money, they plan a jewellery robbery while in Margate on a Jolly Boys Outing with Del Boy and his family and friends, and pull it off while the others are elsewhere. Kelly, however, does not approve of Robdal's relationship with Joan Trotter, whom he refers to as "that slag from the cinema", as both Robdal and Kelly display dislike for the abusive, work-shy Reg. In Five Gold Rings, it is shown that Robdal and Kelly were arrested and imprisoned again for the jewellery robbery, but while they both make bail, Kelly only appears in the episode's opening scene. In The Frog and the Pussycat, Robdal and Kelly are temporarily exonerated but later suspected again following the disappearance of their robbery's sole eyewitness, although Robdal exposes the police's fraud. Though Robdal eventually goes to prison on an alternate charge (to protect Joan, who pawned the ring Robdal gave her in order to buy a lambretta for Del), Kelly does not, and shares a drink with Robdal once he is freed. In the final scene, he and Robdal rob an art gallery together.

text: Several years later, Freddie and Kelly break into a post office in Plumstead. Unfortunately, while Kelly sets the explosives and is holding the nitroglycerine, Freddie sits on the detonator and the two men are both killed in the ensuing explosion. In The Frog's Legacy, Rodney sarcastically quips that had Kelly survived, he "wouldn't be any good in a Mexican Wave."

text: Reenie Turpin[edit]

text: Reenie Turpin (Joan Sims in The Frog's Legacy and Emma Cooke in Rock & Chips) only appeared in the episode, The Frog's Legacy but mentioned in Chain Gang. She is Trigger's aunt and Joan Trotter's best friend. She informs Del of the gold legacy that Freddie the Frog left to his mother. She also sparks a debate over who Rodney's real father was after stating that "Joanie was never 100% sure about him".

text: In Rock & Chips, Reenie works alongside her best friend, Joan, as an usherette at the local film house. Like Joan and Del, Reenie loathes Reg Trotter and is unafraid to stand up to him, threatening to reveal that Reg is often violent toward his wife. However, the prequel makes no mention of her relationship with Trigger, and she appears to be a mere family friend. She helps Joan determine her pregnancy in an anonymous clinic following her affair with Freddie Robdal and even submits her name for Joan to use while visiting Freddie in prison.

text: Lady Victoria Marsham-Hales[edit]

text: Lady Victoria "Vicky" Marsham-Hales (Sarah Duncan) is a one-off girlfriend of Rodney's in the 1986 Christmas Special, A Royal Flush. The only daughter of a wealthy and prominent duke, Rodney meets her in the market one day whilst she is (unsuccessfully) trying to sell her artwork. They become close friends and eventually start dating. Del Boy is immediately interested in Vicky's wealth and breeding and sees Rodney's relationship as a way of making them both millionaires, and despite Rodney's firm protests, repeatedly meddles in the relationship with disastrous results. He finally destroys all chances of Rodney and Vicky being together after inviting himself to dinner at the home of Vicky's father, and getting drunk and obscene, insulting the guests and humiliating Rodney. The furious duke throws the Trotters out of his home, and Rodney and Vicky sadly realise that it would be better not to see each other any more. Unknown to Rodney, Del earlier had told the duke to bribe Rodney with £1,000 to get out of Vicky's life, but a pained Rodney turns it down, angering Del.

text: Janice[edit]

text: Janice (Gaynor Ward) appears in the episode A Slow Bus To Chingford, and is one of Rodney's girlfriends. Whilst Rodney is discussing art, Janice tells him her brother paints for the council. They then get intimate, but Del Boy enters and ruins it. Her last appearance is shortly after this, when Del Boy plays on snide joke on Rodney by telling him his whip and other implements have been washed by Grandad. Astonished and worried, she quietly sneaks out, not giving Rodney enough time tell her that Del is joking, causing Rodney to shout "You rotten git, Del!" for ruining his evening. Del later reveals that he is taking Janice out, but for Rodney's sake in order to keep Rodney from getting mad at him. Janice has a Corgi called Nero, which Del gets Rodney to help him patrol the bus garage as a Nocturnal Security Officer, telling Rodney that Nero is an ex-police dog, the morning after Rodney tells Del that he was up all night taking Nero for walks and that Nero ran away scared when he saw a cat.

text: Unseen characters[edit]

text: Albie Littlewood[edit]

text: Albie Littlewood is an unseen character, mentioned in Happy Returns. He was Del's best friend but had an affair with Del's then-fiancée June Snell, something Del only found out years later. However at the same time Del was having an affair with Albie's girlfriend Deidre. Albie is the father of June's daughter Debbie, whom Rodney had dated. While en route to see June one night, Albie took a shortcut across a railway line and was killed when he fell onto the live rail (the railways in Peckham are electrified using third rails rather than overhead wires).

text: Albie also appears in the 2010 prequel drama Rock & Chips, played by Jonathan Readwin. In the prequel, he is shown to be (in secret) taking drugs to lighten his mood at certain times, and notably, Albie and Jumbo Mills trick Roy Slater into taking one and later dancing in a bar until he falls from exhaustion.

text: Monkey Harris, Paddy the Greek & Sunglasses Ron[edit]

text: Kenneth "Monkey" Harris, Paddy the Greek and Sunglasses Ron are Del Boy's friends who are in the same "business" as him. Although they are mentioned regularly, they are never seen on screen. They are often involved in Del's trading deals (although separately), usually sourcing Del's hooky gear, and are often described and mentioned in discussions between other characters in The Nag's Head.

text: Writer John Sullivan (known for his attention to detail) gives even the unseen characters a well-rounded back story. For instance, it is known that Monkey Harris lives in a bungalow, as mentioned in the episode No Greater Love. As such, the characters often play a minor role in plot development, usually as a device of comic resolution. According to The Class of '62, Monkey Harris was also a schoolfriend of Del, Boycie, Denzil, Trigger and Roy Slater.

text: It is suspected that Sunglasses Ron is the man sat at the back of the bus in The Jolly Boys' Outing.