document_title: iPod

question_text: when did the first ipod video come out

question_tokens: when did the first ipod video come out

text: iPod

text: History

text: Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004.[10] The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful,"[11] so Apple decided to develop its own. As ordered by CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey,[12] and design engineer Sir Jonathan Ive.[11] Rubinstein had already discovered the Toshiba hard disk drive while meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan, and purchased the rights to it for Apple, and had also already worked out how the screen, battery, and other key elements would work.[13] The aesthetic was inspired by the 1958 Braun T3 transistor radio designed by Dieter Rams, while the wheel-based user interface was prompted by Bang & Olufsen's BeoCom 6000 telephone.[14][15] The product ("the Walkman of the twenty-first century" [16]) was developed in less than one year and unveiled on October 23, 2001. Jobs announced it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5 GB hard drive that put "1,000 songs in your pocket."[17]

text: Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones.[11] Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs.[11] As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. Color display iPods then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).

text: In 2006 Apple presented a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2. Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black). This iPod was only available with 30GB of storage capacity. The special edition entitled purchasers to an exclusive video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance by U2, downloadable from the iTunes Store.[18][19]

text: In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent holding company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent for a similar device that was developed in 1979. Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981, which he called the IXI.[20] He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea.[20]

text: The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, Hal!", which refers to the white EVA Pods of the Discovery One spaceship. Chieco saw an analogy to the relationship between the spaceship and the smaller independent pods in the relationship between a personal computer and the music player.[11] Apple researched the trademark and found that it was already in use. Joseph N. Grasso of New Jersey had originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in July 2000 for Internet kiosks. The first iPod kiosks had been demonstrated to the public in New Jersey in March 1998, and commercial use began in January 2000, but had apparently been discontinued by 2001. The trademark was registered by the USPTO in November 2003, and Grasso assigned it to Apple Computer, Inc. in 2005.[21]

text: The earliest recorded use in commerce of an "iPod" trademark was in 1991 by Chrysalis Corp. of Sturgis, Michigan, styled "iPOD".[22]

text: In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont.[23][24]

text: On July 27, 2017, Apple removed the iPod Nano and Shuffle from its stores, marking the end of Apple producing standalone music players.[25] Currently, the iPod Touch is the only iPod produced by Apple.

text: Hardware

text:
Chipsets and Electronics

Chipset or Electronic
Product(s)
Component(s)

Microcontroller
iPod Classic 1st to 3rd generations
Two ARM 7TDMI-derived CPUs running at 90 MHz

iPod Classic 4th and 5th generations, iPod Mini, iPod Nano 1st generation
Variable-speed ARM 7TDMI CPUs, running at a peak of 80 MHz to save battery life

iPod Classic 6th generation, iPod Nano 2nd generation onwards, iPod Shuffle 2nd generation onwards
Samsung System-on-a-chip, based around an ARM processor.[26][27]

iPod Shuffle 1st generation
SigmaTel D-Major STMP3550 chip running at 75 MHz that handles both the music decoding and the audio circuitry.[28]

iPod Touch 1st and 2nd generation
ARM 1176JZ(F)-S at 412 MHz for 1st gen, 533 MHz for 2nd gen.

iPod Touch 3rd and 4th generation
ARM Cortex A8 at 600 MHz for 3rd gen, 800 MHz for 4th gen. (Apple A4)

iPod Touch 5th generation
ARM Cortex A9 at 800 MHz (Apple A5)

iPod Touch 6th generation
Apple ARMv8-A "Typhoon" at 1.1 GHz (Apple A8) with Apple M8 Motion coprocessor

Audio Chip
iPod Classic 1st to 5th generation, iPod Touch 1st generation, iPod Nano 1st to 3rd generation, iPod Mini[29]
Audio Codecs developed by Wolfson Microelectronics

iPod Classic 6th generation, iPod Touch 2nd generation onwards, iPod Shuffle, iPod Nano 4th generation onwards
Cirrus Logic Audio Codec Chip

Storage Medium
iPod Classic
45.7 mm (1.8 in) hard drives (ATA-6, 4200 rpm with ZIF connectors) made by Toshiba

iPod Mini
25.4 mm (1 in) Microdrive by Hitachi and Seagate

iPod Nano
Flash Memory from Samsung, Toshiba, and others

iPod Shuffle and Touch
Flash Memory

Batteries
iPod Classic 1st and 2nd generation
Internal Recyclable Lithium Polymer Batteries

iPod Classic 3rd generation onwards, iPod Mini, iPod Nano, iPod Touch, iPod Shuffle
Internal Recyclable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Display
iPod Nano 7th generation
2.5-inch (diagonal) Multi-Touch, 432-by-240 resolution at 202 pixels per inch[30]

iPod Classic 5th and 6th generation
2.5-inch (diagonal) color LCD with LED backlight, 320-by-240 resolution at 163 pixels per inch[31]

iPod Touch 5th and 6th generation
4-inch (diagonal) widescreen Multi-Touch, 1136-by-640 resolution at 326 pixels per inch[32]

text: Audio

text: The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests.[33][34] The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation iPods.[35] The problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones and is completely masked when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as an external headphone amplifier. The first-generation iPod Shuffle uses a dual-transistor output stage,[33] rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load.

text: For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs.[36][37] This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on bass instruments.

text: From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss.[38] Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit.[39] However, users who have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit.[40] It has been said that these new iPods came with an updated software that allowed this change.[41] Older sixth-generation iPods, however, are unable to update to this software version.[42]

text: Connectivity

text: Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.

text: The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack or a USB data and charging port for the dock/cable.

text: The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen. Because the dock connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple.[43]

text: Apple introduced a new 8-pin dock connector, named Lightning, on September 12, 2012 with their announcement of the iPhone 5, the fifth-generation iPod Touch, and the seventh-generation iPod Nano, which all feature it. The new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads. Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it can be inserted with either side facing up.[44]

text: Accessories

text:
iPod earbuds

Two early designs of iPod earphones.

Apple EarPods, introduced 2012

text: Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective case, screen films, and wireless earphones.[45] Among the first accessory manufacturers were Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation.

text: BMW released the first iPod automobile interface,[46] allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control an iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons. Apple announced in 2005 that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands, including Mercedes-Benz,[47] Volvo,[48] Nissan, Toyota,[49] Alfa Romeo, Ferrari,[50] Acura, Audi, Honda,[51] Renault, Infiniti[52] and Volkswagen.[53] Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.

text: Gecko Gear, founded in 2006, sells 100 accessories ranging from protective covers to cases, screen protectors to armbands.

text: Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon also have iPod-specific integration solutions. Alternative connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip—although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries. Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.[54]

text: Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates, reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays.[55] Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems.[56]

text: Software

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The iPod line can play several audio file formats including MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod Photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth- and sixth-generation iPod Classics, as well as third-generation iPod Nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats, with restrictions on video dimensions, encoding techniques and data rates.[57] Originally, iPod software only worked with Classic Mac OS and macOS; iPod software for Microsoft Windows was launched with the second-generation model.[58] Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format—but a converter for WMA files without digital rights management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes. MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes. Alternative open-source audio formats, such as Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, are not supported without installing custom firmware onto an iPod (e.g., Rockbox).

text: During installation, an iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. A user can access, play, and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with the main computer and its library. If a user wishes to automatically sync music with another computer, an iPod's library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other computer's library.

text: Interface

text: iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel – an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface. The buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track. Other operations, such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume, are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. The 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle does not have any controls on the actual player; instead it has a small control on the earphone cable, with volume-up and -down buttons and a single button for play and pause, next track, etc. The iPod Touch has no click-wheel; instead it uses a touch screen along with a home button, sleep/wake button and (on the second and third generations of the iPod Touch) volume-up and -down buttons. The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone. Differences include the lack of a phone application. Both devices use iOS.

text: iTunes Store

text: The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an online media store run by Apple and accessed through iTunes. The store became the market leader soon after its launch[59] and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005. Full-length movies became available on September 12, 2006.[60]

text: At the time the store was introduced, purchased audio files used the AAC format with added encryption, based on the FairPlay DRM system. Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods could play the files. Burning the files with iTunes as an audio CD, then re-importing would create music files without the DRM. The DRM could also be removed using third-party software. However, in a deal with Apple, EMI began selling DRM-free, higher-quality songs on the iTunes Stores, in a category called "iTunes Plus." While individual songs were made available at a cost of US$1.29, 30¢ more than the cost of a regular DRM song, entire albums were available for the same price, US$9.99, as DRM encoded albums. On October 17, 2007, Apple lowered the cost of individual iTunes Plus songs to US$0.99 per song, the same as DRM encoded tracks. On January 6, 2009, Apple announced that DRM has been removed from 80% of the music catalog, and that it would be removed from all music by April 2009.

text: iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself[61] by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales.[62] However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street.

text: Universal Music Group decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store on July 3, 2007. Universal will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity.[63]

text: Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...". This service allows users to access the Music Store from either an iPhone or an iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library over a WiFi connection, or, in the case of an iPhone, the telephone network.

text: Games

text: Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz.

text: In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the fifth generation iPod with iPod software 1.2 or later. Those games were: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma. Additional games have since been added. These games work on the 6th and 5th generation iPod Classic and the 5th and 4th generation iPod Nano.

text: With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro and EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late.[64]

text: The games are in the form of .ipg files, which are actually .zip archives in disguise[citation needed]. When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third party games. Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development.[65] Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are compatible only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone, which cannot run clickwheel-based games.

text: File storage and transfer

text: All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in "disk mode" as mass storage devices to store data files[66] but this may not be the default behavior, and in the case of the iPod Touch, requires special software.[citation needed] If an iPod is formatted on a Mac OS computer, it uses the HFS+ file system format, which allows it to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer.[67] If it is formatted on Windows, the FAT32 format is used. With the release of the Windows-compatible iPod, the default file system used on the iPod line switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either file system (excluding the iPod Shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod Shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will be formatted with HFS+.[68]

text: Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms.

text: iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that computer containing the DRM protected media is authorized to play it.

text: Media files are stored on an iPod in a hidden folder, along with a proprietary database file. The hidden content can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown. The media files can then be recovered manually by copying the files or folders off the iPod. Many third-party applications also allow easy copying of media files off of an iPod.

text: Models and features

text: While the suffix "Classic" was not introduced until the sixth generation, it has been applied here retroactively to all generic iPods for clarity.

text:
Model
Generation
Image
Capacity
Connection
Original release date
Minimum OS to sync
Rated battery life (hours)

Classic
1st

5, 10 GB
FireWire
October 23, 2001
Mac: 9, 10.1
audio: 10

First model, with mechanical scroll wheel. 10 GB model released later.

2nd

10, 20 GB
FireWire
July 17, 2002
Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000
audio: 10

Touch-sensitive wheel. FireWire port had a cover. Hold switch revised. Windows compatibility through Musicmatch.

3rd

10, 15, 20, 30, 40 GB
FireWire (USB for syncing only)
April 28, 2003
Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000
audio: 8

First complete redesign with all-touch interface, dock connector, and slimmer case. Musicmatch support dropped with later release of iTunes 4.1 for Windows.

4th
(Photo)
(Color)

20, 40 GB
FireWire or USB
July 19, 2004
Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000
audio: 12

Adopted Click Wheel from iPod Mini, hold switch redesigned.

photo:
30, 40, 60 GB
FireWire or USB
October 26, 2004
Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000
audio: 15
slideshow: 5

color:
20, 60 GB
June 28, 2005

Premium spin-off of 4th generation iPod With Color Screen, plus picture viewing. Later reintegrated into main iPod line.

5th

30, 60, 80 GB
USB (FireWire for charging only)
October 12, 2005
Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000
30 GB
audio: 14
video: 2
(later 3.5)
60/80 GB
audio: 20
video: 3/6.5

Second full redesign with a slimmer case, and larger screen with video playback. Offered in black or white. Hardware and firmware updated with 60 GB model replaced with 80 GB model on September 12, 2006.

6th

80, 120, 160 GB
USB (FireWire for charging only)
September 5, 2007
Mac: 10.4
Win: XP
80 GB
audio: 30
video: 5
120 GB
audio: 36
video: 6
160 GB
2007 model
audio: 40
video: 7
2009 model
audio: 36
video: 6

Introduced the "Classic" suffix. New interface and anodized aluminum front plate. Silver replaces white. In September 2008 the hardware and firmware was updated with a 120 GB model replacing the 80 GB model and the 160 GB model was discontinued. In September 2009, the 120 GB model was replaced with a 160 GB model. Discontinued on September 9, 2014.

Mini
1st

4 GB
USB or FireWire
January 6, 2004
Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000
audio: 8

New smaller model, available in 5 colors. Introduced the "Click Wheel".

2nd

4, 6 GB
USB or FireWire
February 22, 2005
Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000
audio: 18

Brighter color variants with longer battery life. Click Wheel lettering matched body color. Gold color discontinued. Later replaced by iPod Nano.

Nano
1st

1, 2, 4 GB
USB (FireWire for charging only)
September 7, 2005
Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000
audio: 14
slideshow: 4

Replaced Mini. Available in black or white and used flash memory. Color screen for picture viewing. 1 GB version released later.

2nd

2, 4, 8 GB
USB (FireWire for charging only)
September 12, 2006
Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000
audio: 24
slideshow: 5

Anodized aluminum casing and 6 colors available.

3rd

4, 8 GB
USB (FireWire for charging only)
September 5, 2007
Mac: 10.4
Win: XP
audio: 24
video: 5

2" QVGA screen, colors refreshed with chrome back, new interface, video capability, smaller Click Wheel.

4th

4, 8, 16 GB
USB
September 9, 2008
Mac: 10.4
Win: XP
audio: 24
video: 4

Revert to tall form and all-aluminum enclosure with nine color choices, added accelerometer for shake and horizontal viewing. 4 GB model limited release in select markets.

5th

8, 16 GB
USB
September 9, 2009
Mac: 10.4
Win: XP
audio: 24
video: 5

First iPod to include a video camera; also included a larger screen, FM radio, speaker, pedometer, and a polished exterior case while retaining the similar colors as the 4th generation model.

6th

8, 16 GB
USB
September 1, 2010
Mac: 10.5
Win: XP
audio: 24

First iPod Nano to include multi-touch screen; clip from iPod Shuffle added. Video playback, speakers and camera removed.

7th

16 GB
USB
September 12, 2012
Mac: 10.6
Win: XP
audio: 30
video: 3.5

Revert to tall form factor with larger 2.5" multi-touch screen. Clip removed. Video playback restored and Bluetooth added. Discontinued July 27, 2017[69]

Shuffle
1st

512 MB, 1 GB
USB
(no adaptor required)
January 11, 2005
Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000
audio: 12

New entry-level model. Uses flash memory and has no screen.

2nd

1, 2 GB
USB
September 12, 2006
Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000
audio: 12

Smaller clip design with anodized aluminum casing. 4 color options added later. Colors were later refreshed twice.

3rd

2, 4 GB
USB
March 11, 2009
Mac: 10.4
Win: XP
audio: 10

Smaller design with controls relocated to right earbud cable. Introduced with two colors, and features VoiceOver. More colors and 2 GB model added in September 2009.

4th

2 GB
USB
September 1, 2010
Mac: 10.5
Win: XP
audio: 15

Controls returned to the body of the iPod. Introduced with five colors, and features VoiceOver. Discontinued July 27, 2017[69]

Touch
1st

8, 16, 32 GB
USB (FireWire for charging only)[70]
September 5, 2007
Mac: 10.4
Win: XP
audio: 22
video: 5

First iPod with Wi-Fi and a Multi-touch interface. Features Safari browser and wireless access to the iTunes Store and YouTube. 32 GB model later added. iOS 2.0 and App Store access requires an upgrade fee.

2nd

8, 16, 32 GB
USB
September 9, 2008
Mac: 10.4
Win: XP
audio: 36
video: 6

New tapered chrome back with Nike+ functionality, volume buttons, and built-in speaker added. iOS 2.0 and App Store access standard. Bluetooth support added but not made active until iOS 3.0, which requires an upgrade fee.

3rd
32, 64 GB
USB
September 9, 2009
Mac: 10.4
Win: XP
audio: 30
video: 6

Updated to include the upgraded internals from the iPhone 3GS; includes Voice Control support and bundled remote earphones.

4th

8, 16, 32, 64 GB
USB
September 1, 2010
Mac: 10.5
Win: XP
audio: 40
video: 7

New thinner design including two cameras for FaceTime and HD video recording, hold button moved to top right corner, Retina Display similar to iPhone 4, Apple A4 chip. White-colored version added on October 4, 2011.

5th

16, 32, 64 GB
USB
September 12, 2012
Mac: 10.6
Win: XP
audio: 40
video: 8

New aluminum design with colored case options. Features improved cameras along with A5 processor, Siri, and longer 4" Retina Display. First 16 GB models released have no color choices and have no iSight camera, In early 2014 16 GB models were released that have iSight cameras and color choices.

6th

16, 32, 64, 128 GB
USB
July 15, 2015
Mac: 10.7
Win: 7
audio: 40
video: 8

Updated with a new lineup of six colors, a new 128 GB model, and improved internals. The improved internals feature new cameras and the A8 processor with M8 motion coprocessor, 1GB of RAM (2X more than the previous generation), and AC Wi-Fi.[71]

Sources: Apple Inc.[72], Mactracker[73]

text: Patent disputes

text: In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies:[74] Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox",[75] while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent[76] issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants.[77]

text: Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs",[78] as used on the iPod interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent[79] on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod line, which Creative Technology dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on August 9, 2005.[80] On May 15, 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States.[81]

text: On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program.[82]

text: Sales

text: Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players.[83] During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.

text: On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Walmart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.[84]

text: In January 2007, Apple reported record quarterly revenue of US$7.1 billion, of which 48% was made from iPod sales.[not in citation given][85]

text: On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales.[86] Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.[87]

text: On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.[88]

text: On January 22, 2008, Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of US$9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of US$1.58 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales.[89]

text: On October 21, 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods.[90] At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million.[91] The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation, as Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer explained in June 2009: "We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone." Since 2009, the company's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market.[92]

text: As of September 2012[update], Apple reported that total number of iPods sold worldwide was 350 million.[93]

text: Industry impact

text: iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[94][not in citation given] to most innovative audio product,[95] to fourth best computer product of 2006.[96] iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players".[95] Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes,[97] and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA.

text: Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western Infirmaries in Glasgow, Scotland, where iPods are used to train new staff.[98]

text: iPods have also gained popularity for use in education. Apple offers more information on educational uses for iPods on their website,[99] including a collection of lesson plans. There has also been academic research done in this area in nursing education[100] and more general K-16 education.[101] Duke University provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004, and the iPod program continues today with modifications.[102] Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Yes, children, there really was a time when we roamed the earth without thousands of our favorite jams tucked comfortably into our hip pockets. Weird."[103]

text: The iPod has also been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry. The iPod's popularization of digital music storage allows users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music.[104]

text: Criticism

text: Battery problems

text: The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth generation 30 GB iPod is advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com getting on average less than 8 hours from an iPod.[105] In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time.[106] The lawsuits were settled by offering individuals either US$50 store credit or a free battery replacement.[107]

text: iPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user, although some users have been able to open the case themselves, usually following instructions from third-party vendors of iPod replacement batteries. Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries. The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one. All lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use[108] (guidelines are available for prolonging life-span) and this situation led to a market for third-party battery replacement kits.

text: Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before[109] a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers.[110] The initial cost was US$99,[111] and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59.[112] For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive.[113][114]

text: The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer.[115] Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple product replacement program, affected Nanos were replaced with current generation Nanos free of charge.

text: Reliability and durability

text: iPods have been criticized for alleged short lifespan and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that "the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others.[116] In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable.[117][118] A class-action lawsuit was also filed.[119] Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]

text: Labor disputes

text: On June 11, 2006, the British tabloid The Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts.[120] Apple investigated the case with independent auditors and found that, while some of the plant's labour practices met Apple's Code of Conduct, others did not: employees worked over 60 hours a week for 35% of the time, and worked more than six consecutive days for 25% of the time.[121]

text: Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses,[122] but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verité, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On December 31, 2006, workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua, Shenzhen formed a union affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions,[123] the Chinese government-approved union umbrella organization.[124][125]

text: In 2010, a number of workers committed suicide at a Foxconn operations in China. Apple, HP, and others stated that they were investigating the situation. Foxconn guards have been videotaped beating employees. Another employee killed himself in 2009 when an Apple prototype went missing, and claimed in messages to friends, that he had been beaten and interrogated.[126][127]

text: As of 2006, the iPod was produced by about 14,000 workers in the U.S. and 27,000 overseas. Further, the salaries attributed to this product were overwhelmingly distributed to highly skilled U.S. professionals, as opposed to lower-skilled U.S. retail employees or overseas manufacturing labor. One interpretation of this result is that U.S. innovation can create more jobs overseas than domestically.[128]

text: Timeline of iPod models and related products


document_title: Closed shop

question_text: the type of shop outlawed by the taft-hartley act was the ____ shop

question_tokens: the type of shop outlawed by the taft-hartley act was the -- -- -- -- shop

root

text: Closed shop

text: Legal status[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: The Taft–Hartley Act outlawed the closed shop in the United States in 1947. The union shop was ruled illegal by the Supreme Court.[4] States that have passed right-to-work laws go further by not allowing employers to require employees to pay a form of union dues called an agency fee. An employer may not lawfully agree with a union to hire only union members, but it may agree to require employees to join the union or pay the equivalent of union dues to it, within a set period after starting employment. Similarly, while a union could require an employer that had agreed to a closed shop contract prior to 1947 to fire an employee who had been expelled from the union for any reason, it cannot demand that an employer fire an employee under a union shop contract for any reason other than failure to pay those dues that are uniformly required of all employees.

tag: p

text: The United States Government does not permit the union shop in any federal agency regardless of state law allowing for such.

text: Construction unions and unions in other industries with similar employment patterns have coped with the prohibition of closed shops by using exclusive hiring halls as a means of controlling the supply of labor. While such exclusive hiring halls do not, in a strictly formal sense, require union membership as a condition of employment, they do so in practical terms, in that an employee seeking to be dispatched to work through the union's hiring hall must either pay union dues or pay a roughly equivalent hiring hall fee. So long as the hiring hall is run on a non-discriminatory basis and adheres to clearly stated eligibility and dispatch standards, it is lawful. The Taft–Hartley Act also bars unions from requiring unreasonably high initiation fees as a condition of membership in order to prevent unions from using initiation fees as a device to keep non-union employees out of a particular industry. Also, the National Labor Relations Act permits construction employers to enter into pre-hire agreements, in which they agree to draw their workforces from a pool of employees dispatched by the union. The NLRA prohibits pre-hire agreements outside the construction industry.[5]

text: For the entertainment industry, unions representing performers have as their first rule one banning any represented performer from working on any non-union production. Penalties are imposed on the union member, not on the employer, and can lead to loss of union membership. Most major productions are union productions, and non-members join the Screen Actors Guild through performing as extras and earning three union vouchers, or by being given a speaking line and entering that way. The other performance unions do not have minimum membership standards, but joining the union bars one from working on non-union productions.

text: All four major sports leagues are union shops,[citation needed] even though a franchise may be located in a state that has a right-to-work law or constitutional provision.

text: Canada[edit]

text: The status of closed shops varies from province to province within Canada. The Supreme Court has ruled that, while Section Two of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms guaranteed both the freedom to associate and the freedom not to associate, employees in a work-environment largely dominated by a union were beneficiaries of union policies, and as such should pay union fees, regardless of membership status. However, religious and conscientious objectors were allowed the option of paying the amount to a registered charity instead.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: Dunn and Gennard found 111 United Kingdom cases of dismissals on the introduction of a closed shop, involving 325 individuals.[6]:125 They state "While proponents of the closed shop may argue that an estimated minimum 325 dismissals is a relatively small number compared with the total population covered by closed shops, critics would see the figure as substantial arguing that one dismissal is one too many."[6]:126 In relation to the pre-entry closed shop, they state "Its raison d'être is to exclude people from jobs by denying them union membership".[6]:132

text: All forms of closed shops in the UK are illegal following the introduction of the Employment Act 1990. They were further curtailed under section 137(1)(a) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c. 52)[7] passed by the Conservative government at the time. The Labour Party, then in opposition, had supported closed shops until December 1989, when it abandoned the policy in accordance with European legislation.[8] However, Labour shadow arts minister Thangam Debbonaire announced to an Equity conference in May 2016 that she favoured the introduction of a "limited" closed shop for actors, as part of Jeremy Corbyn's pledge to strengthen and introduce a new package of employment rights beneficial to employees.[9] Equity was one of the last trade unions in the United Kingdom to offer a pre-entry closed shop until the 1990 act.[9]

text: Australia[edit]

text: All forms of closed shops in the Commonwealth are illegal under Workplace Relations Act 1996. There was an attempt by the Howard Government to change the definition of what constituted a closed shop under the Workplace Relations Legislation Amendment (More Jobs, More Pay) Bill 1999.[10] However the bill was subsequently defeated.[11]


document_title: Grammy Award records

question_text: youngest artist to win grammy for album of the year

question_tokens: youngest artist to win grammy for album of the year

text: Grammy Award records

text: Awards[edit]

text: Most Grammys won[edit]

text: The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Sir Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.[1][2]

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

Alison Krauss

4
Pierre Boulez
26

5
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

7
John Williams
23

8
U2
22

Chick Corea

Beyoncé

11
Jay-Z
21

Kanye West

Vince Gill

Paul McCartney

15
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Bruce Springsteen

tag: table

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist[edit]

text: Georg Solti had won a total of 31 Grammy Awards.

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

3
Pierre Boulez
26

4
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

6
John Williams
23

7
Chick Corea
22

8
Kanye West
21

Paul McCartney

Vince Gill

Jay Z

12
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Bruce Springsteen

Al Schmitt

16
Jimmy Sturr
18

Tony Bennett

Yo-Yo Ma

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist[edit]

text: Alison Krauss has, as a solo artist, collaborator and producer, won 27 Grammy Awards.[3]

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Alison Krauss[note 1]
27

2
Beyoncé[note 2]
22

3
Aretha Franklin
18

4
Adele
15

Alicia Keys

6
Ella Fitzgerald
13

Leontyne Price

Emmylou Harris

9
Shirley Caesar
11

10
Chaka Khan
10

Bonnie Raitt

Linda Ronstadt

Taylor Swift

CeCe Winans

15
Mary J. Blige
9

Natalie Cole

Sheryl Crow

Norah Jones

Hillary Scott[note 3]

text: Most Grammys won by a group[edit]

text: U2 holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a group. They have won 22 awards.

text:
Rank
Artists
Awards

1
U2
22

2
Alison Krauss and Union Station
14

3
Dixie Chicks
13

4
Foo Fighters
11

5
Pat Metheny Group
10

Take 6

7
The Manhattan Transfer
9

The Beatles

Emerson String Quartet

Asleep At The Wheel

11
Blackwood Brothers
8

Metallica

Santana

14
Coldplay
7

Kentucky Thunder

Lady Antebellum

Simon & Garfunkel

Los Tigres del Norte

text: Most Grammys won by a producer[edit]

text: Quincy Jones with 27 awards holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a producer (and eleven of those were awarded for production duties. Jones also received Grammys as an arranger and a performing artist). Some producers have also won awards as engineers, mixers and/or mastering engineers.

text:
Rank
Producer
Awards

1
Quincy Jones
27

2
Kanye West
21

3
David Foster
16

James Mallinson

4
Steven Epstein
15

David Frost

7
Phil Ramone
14

8
T Bone Burnett
13

Robert Woods

Jay David Saks

11
Arif Mardin
11

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer[edit]

text: Al Schmitt, with 20 awards, has won more Grammy Awards than any other engineer or mixer.

text: Youngest winners[edit]

text: The Peasall Sisters are the youngest Grammy winners, when they were credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, which won Album of the Year in 2002.[4] LeAnn Rimes is the youngest individual winner. She was 14 years old when she won her first two awards in 1997. She was also the first Country artist to win the Best New Artist Grammy.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
9 years
Hannah Peasall

3
13 years
Sarah Peasall

4
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

5
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

6
17 years, 81 days
Lorde

7
18 years, 105 days
Daya

8
18 years, 123 days
Monica

9
19 years, 67 days
Christina Aguilera

10
19 years, 112 days
LaTavia Roberson

text: Youngest artists to win Album of the Year[edit]

text: Taylor Swift is the youngest artist to win Album of the Year. She was 20 years old when she won in 2010 for her album Fearless.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
20 years, 49 days
Taylor Swift

2
21 years, 242 days
Alanis Morissette

3
22 years, 18 days
Barbra Streisand

4
23 years, 274 days
Lauryn Hill

5
23 years, 283 days
Adele

6
23 years, 293 days
Stevie Wonder

7
23 years, 330 days
Norah Jones

text: Oldest winners[edit]

text: Pinetop Perkins is the oldest person to win a Grammy. In 2011 he was awarded Best Traditional Blues Album for Joined At The Hip at 97 years of age.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
97 years, 221 days
Pinetop Perkins

2
95 years, 31 days
George Burns

3
91 years, 137 days
Jimmy Carter

4
90 years, 52 days
Elizabeth Cotten

5
90 years, 26 days
Betty White

text: Note: Sources vary on the birth year of Elizabeth Cotten, with some stating it as 1893, while others say 1895. The above information credits it as 1895. With either year, Cotten is the oldest female Grammy winner.

text: Most honored albums[edit]

text: Santana's Supernatural and U2's How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb hold the record for most honored album having won nine awards. Supernatural won nine awards in 2000 and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb won three awards in 2005 and won a further six in 2006 giving it a total of nine awards.

text:
Rank
Albums and artists
Awards

1
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb — U2
9

3
Supernatural — Santana

Come Away With Me — Norah Jones
8

Genius Loves Company — Ray Charles

Thriller — Michael Jackson

7
All That You Can't Leave Behind — U2
7

Back on the Block — Quincy Jones

9
21 — Adele
6

Back To Black — Amy Winehouse

The Blueprint 3 — Jay Z

Bridge Over Troubled Water — Simon & Garfunkel

Raising Sand — Robert Plant & Alison Krauss

The Return of Roger Miller — Roger Miller

Taking the Long Way — Dixie Chicks

To Pimp a Butterfly — Kendrick Lamar

Toto IV — Toto

Unforgettable... with Love — Natalie Cole

Unplugged — Eric Clapton

text: Most Album of the Year wins[edit]

text: The record for most Album of the Year wins is three. Three recording artists, four record producers, two mastering engineers and one engineer/mixer have won the award three times.

text:
Frank Sinatra, artist — Come Dance with Me! (1960), September of My Years (1966), A Man and His Music (1967)
Stevie Wonder, artist — Innervisions (1974), Fulfillingness' First Finale (1975), Songs in the Key of Life (1977)
Paul Simon, artist — Bridge over Troubled Water (1971), Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), Graceland (1987)
David Foster, producer — Unforgettable… with Love (1992), The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album (1994), Falling into You (1997)
Phil Ramone, producer — Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), 52nd Street (1980), Genius Loves Company (2005)
Daniel Lanois, producer — The Joshua Tree (1988), Time out of Mind (1998), How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2006)
Bob Ludwig, mastering engineer — Babel (2013), Random Access Memories (2014), Morning Phase (2015)
Tom Coyne, mastering engineer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer — 21 (2012), Morning Phase (2015), 25 (2017)
Ryan Tedder, producer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)

tag: ul

text: Most Record of the Year wins[edit]

text: The record for most wins are three.

text:
Paul Simon, artist
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer
Tom Coyne, mastering engineer

text: Most Grammys won for consecutive albums[edit]

text: Pat Metheny and his band the Pat Metheny Group have won 20 Grammy Awards in total, including seven consecutive awards for seven consecutive albums.[5] Metheny held the record for Grammy wins in the most different categories as of the 2005 Grammy Awards:

text:
Best Jazz Fusion Performance (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1990)
Best Instrumental Composition (1991)
Best Contemporary Jazz Performance/Album (1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2005)
Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group (1998, 2000, 2013)
Best Rock Instrumental Performance (1999)
Best Jazz Instrumental Solo (2001)
Best New Age Album (2004, 2012)

text: Most consecutive Grammys won for the same category[edit]

text: Aretha Franklin holds the record for winning the most consecutive Grammys in the same category. She won the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance every year from 1968 to 1975, for an eight-year winning streak. She also won in this category in 1982, 1986, and 1988, giving her 11 wins in the category.

text: After Franklin, Jimmy Sturr, Bill Cosby and John Williams are tied for second place for consecutive Grammy wins in the same category:

text: Sturr won six years in a row between 1987 and 1992 for Best Polka Album. He also won for three runs of four consecutive years (1996–1999, 2001–2004, and 2006–2009.) He won 18 out of the 24 Best Polka Album Grammys that were awarded since that category was added in 1985. The award was discontinued in 2009.

text: Cosby won six years in a row between 1965 and 1970 for Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.

text: Williams won six years in a row between 1978 and 1983 for Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.

text: Lenny Kravitz won the Best Male Rock Vocal Performance award four years in a row (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002).

text: Artists who have won all four General Field awards[edit]

text: There have been only two artists who have won all four General Field awards. In 1981, Christopher Cross won Record, Album and Song of the Year as well as Best New Artist.[6] Adele is the second artist to win all four, and the first female to do so. In 2009, she won Best New Artist and in 2012 and 2017, she won Record, Album and Song of the Year.

text: Single ceremony[edit]

text: Most Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: The Record for Most Grammys won in one night is eight. Michael Jackson won eight in 1984 and Santana tied Jackson's record in 2000.

text:
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

Santana (2000)

3
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Toto (1983)

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

Beyoncé (2010)

Adele (2012)

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson won eight awards in 1984.

text:
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

2
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist in one night[edit]

text: The record most Grammys won by a female artist in one night is six. Beyoncé and Adele each won six in 2010 and 2012, respectively.

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Beyoncé (2010)
6

Adele (2012)

3
Lauryn Hill (1999)
5

Alicia Keys (2002)

Norah Jones (2003)

Beyoncé (2004)

Amy Winehouse (2008)

Alison Krauss (2009)

Adele (2017)

text: Most Grammys won by a group in one night[edit]

text: In 2000, Santana was awarded a total of 8 awards. They won the awards for Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text:
Rank
Artists
Awards

1
Santana (2000)
8

2
Toto (1983)
6

3
Simon & Garfunkel (1971)
5

U2 (2006)

Dixie Chicks (2007)

Lady Antebellum (2011)

Foo Fighters (2012)

text: Most Grammys won by a record producer in one night[edit]

text: The record for most awards won by a producer in one night is five. Rick Rubin won five awards in 2007 including Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Best Country Album for the Dixie Chicks, Best Rock Album for the Red Hot Chili Peppers as well as Producer of the Year, Non Classical.

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night[edit]

text: The most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night is six. At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017, Tom Elmhirst won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, Best Engineered Album Non Classical, Best Alternative Music Album and Best Rock Album for his work on Adele's '25', David Bowie's 'Blackstar' and Cage The Elephant's 'Tell Me I'm Pretty'.

text: Artist who has won all four General Field Awards at a single ceremony[edit]

text: Christopher Cross (1981) received all four General Field awards in one night. Cross won the Record of the Year ("Sailing"), Album of the Year ("Christopher Cross"), Song of the Year ("Sailing"), and Best New Artist Grammys in a single ceremony.[7]

text: Artists who have won Record, Album and Song of the Year in one night[edit]

text: The three biggest Grammy Awards are Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Song of the Year. Six artists have won all three in one night. Adele is the only artist in Grammy history to accomplish this twice.

text:
Year
Artist

1971
Paul Simon

1972
Carole King

1981
Christopher Cross

1993
Eric Clapton

2007
Dixie Chicks

2012
Adele

2017

text: Most Grammys won by an album in one night[edit]

text: The most awards awarded to an album in one night is nine. In 2000 Santana's Supernatural was awarded nine awards. It won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or group with Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text: Most posthumous Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: Ray Charles holds the record for most posthumous awards won in one night. He was awarded five Grammy Awards in 2005 including Album of the Year.

text: Nominations[edit]

text: Most Grammy nominations[edit]

text: Quincy Jones holds the record for the most Grammy nominations with 79.[8][9]

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Quincy Jones
79

2
Paul McCartney[note 4]
78

3
Georg Solti
74

Stevie Wonder

5
Henry Mancini
72

6
Kanye West
68

7
Pierre Boulez
67

8
Jay Z
66

9
Leonard Bernstein
63

10
Chick Corea
64

11
Beyoncé[note 5]
62

John Williams

13
Bruce Springsteen[note 6]
51

Jay David Saks

15
Bono[note 7][note 6]
50

Thomas Z. Shepard

17
Willie Nelson
49

James Mallinson

Babyface

text: Most nominations in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson holds the record for most Grammy nominations in one night with 12 nominations.

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations
Year

1
Michael Jackson
12
1984

2
Kendrick Lamar
11
2016

3
Lauryn Hill
10
1999

Kanye West
2005

Beyoncé
2010

Eminem
2011

7
Roger Miller
9
1966

Paul McCartney
1966

The Manhattan Transfer
1986

Jay Z
2014

Beyoncé
2017

text: Most nominations without winning[edit]

text: The record for most Grammy nominations without a win is 20, held by Morten Lindberg.

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Morten Lindberg
20

2
Snoop Dogg
17

Brian McKnight

4
Joe Satriani
15

5
Toshiko Akiyoshi
14

Martina McBride

Dierks Bentley

Björk

9
Katy Perry
13

Nas

Spyro Gyra

12
Diana Ross
12

Busta Rhymes

Lenny Gomulka

Peter Kater

16
Musiq Soulchild
11

Connie Smith

Vanessa L. Williams

Jazmine Sullivan

R. Carlos Nakai

Alan Parsons

Elly Ameling

text: Most nominations in one night without winning[edit]

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Paul McCartney (1966)
9

2
Kanye West (2017)
8

Rihanna (2017)

4
Stevie Wonder (1983)
7

India.Arie (2002)

Kendrick Lamar (2014)

7
Henry Mancini (1959)
6

Mariah Carey (1996)

50 Cent (2006)

Bruno Mars (2012)

11
Robert M. Jones (1961)
5

Elvis Presley (1961)

Frank Sinatra (1961)

James Taylor (1971)

Eugene Ormandy (1971)

Sting (1986)

Joan Osborne (1996)

Avril Lavigne (2003)

50 Cent (2004)

Alicia Keys (2006)

Gwen Stefani (2006)

James Blunt (2007)

Jazmine Sullivan (2009)

B.o.B (2011)

Lil Wayne (2012)

Drake (2014, 2016)

text: Grammy nominations in the most categories[edit]

text: Bob Dylan has been nominated in more categories than any other musician. He has been nominated in 13 different categories. These were in folk, spoken word, country, general, gospel, historical, rock, music video, visual media, pop, american roots, and most recently traditional. He is followed by Sir Paul McCartney who has received nomination in the general field, pop, arrangement, rock, visual media, music video, spoken word, historical, alternative music and rap. Béla Fleck is the artist with the third most nominations among categories. He has been nominated in the country, pop, jazz, bluegrass, world music, classical, folk, and spoken word, as well as composition and arranging categories.

text: Jackson siblings Michael and Janet are tied for the fourth most nominations in the most categories with nominations in seven different categories, they have received nominations in the general field and other categories. See list of awards and nominations received by Michael and Janet.

text: Artists who had been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night[edit]

text: Only ten artists have been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night.

text:
Year
Artist

1968
Bobbie Gentry

1980
Christopher Cross

1985
Cyndi Lauper

1989
Tracy Chapman

1991
Mariah Carey

1998
Paula Cole

2002
India.Arie

2008
Amy Winehouse

2013
Fun.

2015
Sam Smith

text: Youngest nominees[edit]

text: Leah Peasall of the Peasall sisters is the youngest ever Grammy nominee (and winner) as one of the credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack) in 2002.[4] Deleon Richards is the youngest performer to receive an individual nomination, for Best Soul/Gospel performance.[10]

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
8 years, 161 days
Deleon Richards

3
9 years
Hannah Peasall

4
12 years, 126 days
Zac Hanson

5
12 years, 155 days
Joey Alexander

6
12 years, 199 days
Michael Jackson

7
12 years, 273 days
Billy Gilman

8
13 years
Sarah Peasall

9
14 years, 45 days
Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith

10
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

11
14 years, 197 days
Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly

12
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

13
14 years, 348 days
Taylor Hanson


document_title: Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)

question_text: when does mason come back wizards of waverly place

text: Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)

text: Opening sequence[edit]

text: The opening sequence is the same as it was for the previous seasons. The characters in the opening sequence still remain in Standard Definition, only the background being converted to high definition.

text: The sequence begins with Alex (Selena Gomez) waking up in the morning with her alarm clock buzzing off. She uses a spell to make the time 6:30. She then goes into the bathroom where Justin (David Henrie) is observing himself in the mirror where Alex pushes him to the side. He gets annoyed and then uses magic to put her into the mirror. In the kitchen, Max (Jake T. Austin) has an orange which turns into a vanilla cupcake. Meanwhile, Harper (Jennifer Stone) meets Alex at the front door while pointing at her watermelon shirt. Back at the kitchen, Max is about to put his cupcake into his backpack when his mother, Teresa (Maria Canals Barrera), makes him turn it back into an orange. Alex tells her mother that she is late for school. In the lair, Jerry (David DeLuise) has his spellbook fly away. He then goes to retrieve it. In the sub shop, Alex opens her book bag and the spellbook goes in. Jerry lectures her as the main title card appears. Then the four friends walk to school.

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Justin is now a graduated wizard and no longer needs to take wizard training classes with his fellow siblings. Alex now feels the need to step her training skills with a little help from Harper who now lives with the Russos. Justin also continues his relationship with a vampire named Juliet (Bridgit Mendler) and Alex starts a new one with a werewolf named Mason (Gregg Sulkin). Both relationships end badly, with Juliet being transformed to look her real age and Mason turned permanently into a wolf. However, Justin has moved on with help from Harper and Alex, who has resumed her relationship with Mason after "country magic" restores him to human form. Justin attempts to fulfill a number of achievements he thinks make up a successful senior year at high school, including joining the basketball team, being elected student body president, hosting a big party, and winning the science fair with a water powered engine. Meanwhile, Alex meets a teenage wizard named Stevie Nichols (Hayley Kiyoko), who generals the same personality as Alex. Alex and Stevie become friends, much to Harper's dismay. Then, Stevie begins a wizard revolution and Alex tricks her into joining the revolution to freeze Stevie and transport her powers to her brother, Warren. Max then destroys Stevie by accident. Alex has romance going off and on in this season. Max falls for his first girlfriend. The season finale has the family kidnapped by government agents for being wizards. Tricked into believing an alien invasion is coming, Justin tells the agents magic exists, leading to most wizards being captured. The Russos manage to escape with Alex declaring they need to tell the world the truth to save the wizard world.

text: Guest stars and recurring cast include: Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie Nichols, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Moisés Arias as Conscience, Bella Thorne as Nancy Lukey, Fred Willard as Mr. Stuffleby, Austin Butler as George, Shakira as Herself, Ted McGinley as Magroder, John O'Hurley as Captain Jim Bob Sherwood, Wilmer Valderrama as Uncle Ernesto, Kate Flannery as Elaine Finkle, and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Selena Gomez as Alex Russo
David Henrie as Justin Russo
Jake T. Austin as Max Russo
Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle
Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo
David DeLuise as Jerry Russo

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
This season consists of 28 episodes.
Filmed in July 2009 to January 2010.

text:
Wizards of Waverly Place Season 3 episodesNo.overallNo. inseasonTitle [1]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date [1]Prod.code U.S. viewers(millions)521"Franken Girl"Bob KoherrPeter MurrietaOctober 9, 2009 (2009-10-09)3014.6[2]
As Justin is continuously getting annoyed by Alex breaking into his room and stealing things, he decides to create a female Frankenstein's monster to act as a 'body guard' and names her "Franken Girl". However, when Alex beats the monster and still manages to break into Justin's room, he tries to get revenge by casting a spell to make Franken Girl Alex's best friend but also casts a "spell lock" to stop Alex from reversing the spell. Although initially annoyed by Franken Girl's obsession with her, Alex soon takes a liking to her, which just makes Justin more mad and more eager to seek revenge. He soon thinks up a rather elaborate (and somewhat demented) revenge plan to make Franken Girl love cheerleading (the sport that Alex hates the most) and she forces Alex to join the squad when she sees a flyer of a "cheerleaders wanted" sign. The episode ends with Franken Girl accidentally launching Alex out of the school when Alex mentions "I'll be late for Algebra."
Guest stars: Perry Mattfeld as FrankenGirl, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate

Notes: This is the first episode of the series to be broadcast in high definition, and the show now utilizes a 'filmized' appearance (though it is still shot on videotape, as is standard with Disney Channel sitcoms beginning with Sonny with a Chance). This episode aired on September 27, 2009 on Disney Channel Middle East. It was the first of two times that Frankengirl appeared. This is the final season playing the original version of the series theme song. Starting in the fourth season, the theme song will be remixed and sung by Selena Gomez.
532"Halloween"Bob KoherrTodd J. GreenwaldOctober 16, 2009 (2009-10-16)3024.5[3]
The Russos' haunted house has been lame every year, mostly because Justin insists that they focus on safety and making the right decisions to avoid being "haunted" by them later in life. The person in charge of the haunted house, Mr. Evans, threatens to take the Russos' contribution away if it is not scarier this Halloween. Alex then goes to the wizard world and gets three real (but only mildly scary) ghosts, following her father's orders. However, they aren't scary enough, as at first, Teresa thinks they're just people in masks. Alex and Harper go back to the wizard world and get "Mantooth", the scariest ghost from the wizard world who used to scare Justin at night. Mantooth does something with his face that scares the children so badly that they flee the house. Mr. Evans immediately declares that their haunted house is too scary and takes it away anyway.

Guest stars: Bo Foxworth as Coach, Scott Freeburg as Doug, Daniel Roebuck as Mr. Evans, Sean Whalen as Mantooth, Hilary Hacker as Miss Chenowith, Stephen A.F. Day as Frank, Shannon McClung as Doug's Body, Keith Allan as Wally
543"Monster Hunter"Bob KoherrRichard GoodmanOctober 23, 2009 (2009-10-23)3034.3[4]
Justin signs up for Monster Hunting after he masters his 5,000th spell. Knowing that Justin could become the family wizard, Alex studies with help from Harper. Meanwhile, Max performs a spell that separates his conscience from himself. Then, he performs another spell to make monsters go all over the city to sabotage Justin's training even though his conscience tells him not to. Later, Alex, Max and his conscience go to help Justin with the monsters and Alex performs two spells successfully and saves Justin.

Special guest stars: Fred Willard as Mr. Stuffleby, Moisés Arias as Conscience
554"Three Monsters"Victor GonzalezJustin VaravaOctober 30, 2009 (2009-10-30)3044.4[5]
Justin begins his Monster Hunting course and senses that there are three unregistered monsters on Waverly Place. Forgetting that Juliet and her family live there, he tells the professionals, and they come looking for her. Realizing his mistake, Justin tries to fix it by trying to find three other monsters. In the end, the monster hunters take away Franken Girl and Justin's robot. Meanwhile, Max tries to separate himself from his conscience because he thinks that he is trying to steal his mother.
Special guest star: Moisés Arias as Conscience
Guest stars: Bridgit Claire Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie, Wendi McLendon-Covey as Dr. Ice, Pat Finn as Luxor

Absent: David DeLuise as Jerry Russo
565"Night at the Lazerama"Victor GonzalezPeter MurrietaNovember 6, 2009 (2009-11-06)3064.7[6]
For his first official monster hunting assignment, Justin is dispatched to capture a mind controlling mummy after all of the other monster hunters are apparently killed in action. Arriving at the museum, Justin and Juliet end up getting trapped in an exhibit with a soundproof plastic window, leaving them unable to call for help and the window itself immune to Justin's magic. Justin believes that they can wait until morning for a worker to let them out, but quickly realizes otherwise when he remembers that exposure to sunlight will incinerate Juliet. Justin ultimately decides that Juliet needs to look in the mummy's eyes and become his slave in order to leave so she will not be destroyed, though he promises to hunt down the mummy and save Juliet one day.
Meanwhile, Alex, in an attempt to sabotage Max's increasingly good behavior and gain a better chance at winning the wizard competition, has Harper separate Conscience from Max, and Max's behavior becomes increasingly horrific; however, she quickly rushes to fix the problem when Jerry informs her that Conscience will become his own person if he is separated from Max for too long. After reuniting Max and his conscience, Alex discovers Justin's plight and rushes to save him, but arrives too late to save Juliet from the mummy.
Special guest star: Moisés Arias as Conscience

Guest stars: Bridgit Claire Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie, John Eric Bentley as Mummy
576"Doll House"Jean SagalVince Cheung & Ben MontanioNovember 20, 2009 (2009-11-20)3054.1[7]
After Harper finds out that her parents are moving to Pittsburgh, the Russos offer to clear out their basement so she can live with them and stay in New York. While Alex and Harper clean out the basement to make room for Harper's things, they find Alex's old doll house. Alex shrinks herself down to fit in the doll house to use as her own art studio, but Jerry and Theresa give the doll house away to a little girl named Olive, with Alex still in it. Unable to use magic to get out, as she had dropped her wand, Alex gets Harper's attention and begs her not to tell Justin. However, Harper tells him and then the pair help Alex, when she makes him buy the doll house back. Meanwhile, Justin tries to sell his "Captain Jim-Bob Sherwood Farmhouse Space Command Module" which is worth $400.

Guest stars: Yara Shahidi as Olive, Gregg Binkley as Randy
587"Marathoner Harper""Marathoner Helper"Victor GonzalezVince Cheung & Ben MontanioDecember 4, 2009 (2009-12-04)3074.2[8]
After Harper wins a marathon, she discovers that Alex used magic to help her win every competition since they were very young, including the marathon. Upset that she never really won anything on her own, Alex decides to let Harper do all the contests again from the past in order to have the opportunity to win without the aid of magic, though things go wrong when Harper proves to be completely incompetent in everything. Meanwhile Justin decides to enter the marathon so he can be the first Russo to win an athletic trophy.

Guest star: Dan Benson as Zeke
598"Alex Charms a Boy"Bob KoherrPeter MurrietaJanuary 15, 2010 (2010-01-15)3133.9[9]
Alex meets and falls for Mason, a transfer student from the United Kingdom. After they start dating, she finds him perfect in every way, except for his view of art, which is dogs and parts of American history. Alex tries to make him more American, by throwing water balloons at people (being rude) and laughing in appreciation (making fun of Mr. Laritate and Harper's clothes). In order to make him a better artist, Alex takes matters into her own hands by putting a spell on Mason to make her his new artistic inspiration,which ends up on Mason kissing Alex in the rain. Meanwhile, Justin trains for finding the mummy that took away Juliet, so Jerry gives Justin goggles where you can see behind you so Justin wouldn't have to look into the mummy's eyes and get turned to his minion. During this, it is discovered that, when Max cast the spell that set monsters running loose in an idiotic attempt to sabotage Justin's monster hunting, one of the escaped monsters is said mummy, thus making Max himself indirectly responsible for both Juliet's kidnapping and the deaths of all of the other monster hunters.
Guest stars: Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Gregg Sulkin as Mason

Absent: Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo
609"Wizards vs. Werewolves"Victor GonzalezVince Cheung & Ben MontanioandGigi McCreery & Perry ReinJanuary 22, 2010 (2010-01-22)314/3156.2[10]
In this episode, Justin and Max continue to search for Juliet. Meanwhile, Mason and Alex continue dating and Mason gives her a glowing necklace. However, Mason keeps running away from Alex before the evening. She becomes suspicious and follows him one night. Alex and Harper discover that Mason is actually a werewolf. She confesses that she is a wizard and they continue to date. Mason then reveals that the necklace only glows when someone is in love with the person who put it on the other person. When Justin and Max find out that Mason is a werewolf, Justin thinks that Mason can help track down Juliet. He tracks her scent to Transylvania, where the mummy has been holding Juliet prisoner and expecting Justin, though they destroy the mummy after a brief face-off.
The Russo's happiness at saving Juliet is cut short when it is discovered that Juliet and Mason dated one another three centuries ago, and the situation worsens when Mason impulsively blurts out that he still loves her. Alex throws away the True Love Necklace and breaks up with Mason. Juliet then says that she used to love Mason, but her soulmate is Justin. Alex is heartbroken the next day, and Mason goes to the substation to talk to Alex, but she won't let him explain, and Harper decides to set up an "Alex-watch" to keep the two separate. Later, Mason meets Max, who manages to take him to Alex. Mason is able to persuade Alex to go back to Transylvania with him to search for the True Love Necklace, so that Mason can prove his feelings for her. Justin, Max, and Juliet follow them. At odds with Justin, Mason transforms into a full Werewolf and starts to attack Justin, which results in being attacked by Juliet. During the fight, Juliet bites Mason and is scratched by him in turn: as a result, Juliet loses her vampire powers and quickly ages into a white-haired, wrinkly old lady, and Mason transforms into an actual wolf. Before this happens, however, Alex successfully locates the necklace and puts it on Mason, which proves that he does indeed love her. Realizing that they can no longer be together, Juliet and Mason reluctantly break up with Justin and Alex. They then depart, leaving both Russos completely heartbroken.

Guest stars: Bridgit Claire Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Gregg Sulkin as Mason, John Eric Bentley as Mummy
6110"Positive Alex"Victor GonzalezGigi McCreery & Perry ReinFebruary 26, 2010 (2010-02-26)3083.6[11]
Alex has a crush on George, the school's bandleader, but is unable to get his attention because he is turned off by her sour attitude and unenergetic cheers at the school basketball games. Determined to get George to ask her to the school dance, she casts a spell on herself to become a positive person. Unfortunately, the spell backfires when, during the next game, Alex's newfound optimism turns out to be too much when she starts cheering for the opposing team, ultimately leading Tribeca Prep to squander a huge lead and lose the game. Meanwhile, Justin has joined the basketball team and is trying to get a big senior moment captured on video. During the game, Justin gets to play and scores 3 three pointers. However, Max, tasked with capturing the game on videotape, is too fascinated with the camera, conducting somewhat embarrassing zoom-in shots of Theresa and Jerry, and forgets all about the action on the court.

Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Austin Butler as George
6211"Detention Election"Bob KoherrGigi McCreery & Perry ReinMarch 19, 2010 (2010-03-19)3093.3[12]
Justin and Zeke are running against each other to become Student Body President. Justin soon finds his efforts put in jeopardy after someone wallpaper's Principal Laritate's office with posters of his campaign and he is accused of masterminding the prank. In Saturday detention, Alex befriends a rebellious new girl at school named Stevie. On their trip to Coney Island, Jerry, Max and Harper are stuck on a Ferris wheel and Max drops his wand in an attempt to get them off. Harper is flashed off the Ferris wheel by Alex, and they both try to help Justin out of trouble. Meanwhile, Justin has gained newfound popularity by taking credit for the prank and also to get more votes for his campaign. But his friendship with Zeke may be strained when he chooses his popularity over his best friend. In the end, Justin wins the race but he is disqualified because of the prank. Alex takes the blame so Justin can become president but Stevie confesses that she pulled off the prank. Justin becomes Student Body President by six votes, but Zeke withdrew his vote when he found out that Justin did not vote. However, Justin gained his friendship with Zeke back and lost his popularity. Harper is sent back on the Ferris wheel by Alex, who was banned and wanted revenge because Jerry, Max and Harper went without her, where Jerry and Max are still stuck on, but luckily she grabbed her jacket made of spicy and teriyaki jerky.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie, Grant Alan as Eddie

Absent: Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo
6312"Dude Looks Like Shakira"Victor GonzalezPeter MurrietaApril 16, 2010 (2010-04-16)3173.5[13]
Theresa and Jerry go on vacation and leave Uncle Kelbo to watch the kids. When Uncle Kelbo comes he is not him, he is Shakira. He confess to them that there is no Shakira and that he made her up years ago. Uncle Kelbo tells them that there is a strict law against using magic for fame and fortune, Max and Alex try to find a cure so that Uncle Kelbo can stay his real self. Max finds a spell and has the same problem as Uncle Kelbo, except he turns into a garbage can.
Special guest star: Shakira as herself
Guest stars: Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo, Michael Monken as MacGruder

Absent: Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle
6413"Eat to the Beat"Guy DistadRichard GoodmanApril 30, 2010 (2010-04-30)3103.3[14]
After Harper's lunchtime Shakespeare impressions are a total bust, Alex and Stevie ask Justin to hire a rock band to play at lunchtime. Justin agrees, feeling that he owes Stevie since she got him elected to become Student Body President. However, Justin hires a smooth jazz band instead of a rock band, which angers Alex. Harper later finds out that Stevie is a wizard, but instantly forgets it after Stevie uses a spell to erase Harper's short-term memory.
Guest stars: Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie, Aaron Hendry as Grrrtarist, Beau Billingslea as Burt Parks

Absent: Jake T. Austin as Max Russo, Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo, David DeLuise as Jerry Russo
6514"Third Wheel"Robbie CountrymanJustin VaravaApril 30, 2010 (2010-04-30)3113.6[15]
Harper tells Alex that Stevie is a wizard after Harper sees Stevie use a wand, with Stevie erasing her memory, which Alex helps Harper regain. Alex then confronts Stevie about her secret and the two bond even more because of their magical abilities making Harper feel left out. Meanwhile, Justin and Zeke come with the idea to build a float for the school's homecoming festivities.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie

Absent: Jake T. Austin as Max Russo, Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo
6615"The Good, the Bad, and the Alex"Victor GonzalezTodd J. GreenwaldMay 7, 2010 (2010-05-07)3123.5[16]
Alex is caught off guard when she discovers that Stevie is leading a wizard revolution. To the dismay of Justin and Harper, she decides to help Stevie with her quest to make sure no wizard ever has to give up their powers again. Alex agrees to Stevie shortly after Stevie barricades the wizard portal with a broom stick. Alex and Stevie also ask Max to join in their revolution, to which Max agrees. Max also declares himself as king, so the two girls have to obey his commands. Justin, knowing his sisters antics, orders a Chinese meal that comes with magic fortune cookies that possess the ability to give a glimpse into the future, thus allowing Justin to find out what Alex will end up doing. Alex is seen telling Harper that after it was all over, they would still be friends. Justin tries to stop her, thinking that she would go through with Stevie's plan, but Alex ends up tricking Stevie, using her wand to turn Stevie into a rock-type substance, freezing her body, and transporting all of Stevie's magical powers to her brother. Shortly after this sequence, Max curiously pokes Stevie's frozen body, accidentally tipping her over. Upon impact with the floor, Stevie's frozen body breaks into hundreds of pieces. To Alex it does not matter, because she still has her only true friend Harper, who was, is, and will always be there for Alex until the very end.
Guest stars: Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie, Richard Chiu as Warren, Ezra Weisz as Clown

Absent: Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo
6716"Western Show"Bob KoherrJustin VaravaMay 14, 2010 (2010-05-14)3163.5[17]
After Superintendent Clanton fires Mr. Laritate (because of Alex's Rollerskate and Pie Day and Max's carelessness) and takes over his school responsibilities and tortures Alex, Justin and Max, They go to Mr. Laritate where he already has a western themed job. So Alex uses a spell that takes Mr. Laritate back in time to the Old West to convince him to fight for his job. After Mr. Laritate learned a lesson back in the western days, he goes back to the school and asks Clanton to give his job as a principal again.
Guest stars: Ted McGinley as Superintendent Clanton, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate

Absent: Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle
6817"Alex's Logo"David DeLuiseDavid HenrieMay 21, 2010 (2010-05-21)3183.7[18]
When Alex's newly designed T-shirts become wildly popular at school, Justin demands that she turn over a fee to the Student Council for selling them on school property. With her generous donation, Alex becomes the winner of the Citizenship award and when Justin puts the truth spell on her to find if she used magic to get the award, he purposefully leaves it on causing her to tell the truth about everyone during her award ceremony speech and then causing everyone to hate her.
Guest star: Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate

Absent: Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle
6918"Dad's Buggin' Out"Guy DistadTodd J. GreenwaldJune 4, 2010 (2010-06-04)3193.4[19]
Justin and Zeke are preparing for the Alien Language League banquet which will be hosted at the Sub Station. Alex carelessly leaves the portal to the Wizard World open, and a pocket elf and fairy escape as well as a Wizard bug, which bites Jerry, and he transforms into a huge insect. He interferes with the Alien Language League Banquet and Justin's hopes of getting a Lifetime Achievement Award by scaring away Joey the Crepe kid and eating all the homemade crepes Theresa was forced to make after Joey ran away, but things take a turn for the better when Alex helps Justin by presenting Jerry in his bug form, as an alien from another planet, knowing how important getting the award is to Justin. In the end Justin is given the Lifetime Achievement Award trophy after all, but Jerry, who is still a giant insect, accidentally melts it.

Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Michael Monken as MacGruder, Paulie Litt as Joey the Crepe Kid, Rachel Cannon as Flutter, Al Madrigal as Pocket Elf
7019"Max's Secret Girlfriend"Bob KoherrGigi McCreery & Perry ReinJune 11, 2010 (2010-06-11)3213.2[20]
Alex and Harper find out that Max has a girlfriend named Nancy, but has been keeping it a secret so not to get embarrassed by his family. Later Theresa finds out about it and admonishes him for lying. Since he took his mother's advice, he tells Nancy his secret about being a wizard. The Russos then make up another lie to cover the truth, and Nancy breaks up with him because Max keeps on lying to get her to like him.

Guest star: Bella Thorne as Nancy
7120"Alex Russo, Matchmaker?"David DeLuiseVince Cheung & Ben MontanioJuly 2, 2010 (2010-07-02)3223.3[21]
Alex sets Harper up with Justin's best friend Zeke for the school science fair. But Alex becomes frustrated when she sees that Harper and Zeke are actually interested in their science project than sharing romantic feelings for each other. She then casts a spell to make sparks fly between them, which literally happens when they touch. Meanwhile, Justin creates a water-powered engine, while Max "creates life" by finding items under his bed and putting in a barbecue grill.

Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Ezra Weisz as John, Darrin Butters as Jon
7221"Delinquent Justin"Mary Lou BelliJustin VaravaJuly 16, 2010 (2010-07-16)3233.6[22]
When Justin is about to graduate high school, Alex tells him that she made a duplicate Justin and put him through four years of college. Justin is revolted, however, to discover that the college version of himself has become a free-spirited hippie who does not care about studying or about life. Soon Alex recombines the two Justins, but the duplicate Justin takes over the mind of the regular Justin, leaving Alex to fix the problem. Meanwhile, Jerry and Theresa try to be better parents.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate

Absent: Jake T. Austin as Max Russo
7322"Captain Jim Bob Sherwood"Jean SagalRichard GoodmanJuly 23, 2010 (2010-07-23)3203.6[23]
Alex and Justin are chosen to create an issue of the Captain Jim Bob Sherwood comic book, with Justin writing the story and Alex doing the illustrations. But when they can't agree on their ideas, Alex uses magic and displaces Captain Jim Bob from the comic book, leaving him loose out in the city.

Guest star: John O'Hurley as Captain Jim Bob Sherwood
7423"Wizards vs. Finkles"Victor GonzalezPeter DirksenJuly 30, 2010 (2010-07-30)3253.7[24]
Harper's parents comes to town to audition for a gig as a train vaudeville act in Romania. Harper is completely embarrassed by them, while Alex is won over by them and agrees to join their act, while Harper gets to be in the annual Russo family photo, as both Alex and Harper take on roles in each other's families that they refused to fill themselves—Alex had objected to being in the family photo, and Harper had objected to joining the vaudeville act. However, Alex learns that being in the act is not all fun and games and soon wants out.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Kate Flannery as Elaine Finkle, Scot Robinson as Marty Finkle

Absent: Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo
7524"All About You-Niverse"Bob KoherrMarcus Alexander HartAugust 20, 2010 (2010-08-20)3263.7[25]
After Alex is punished for one of her schemes in order to go on the class trip to Europe, she defiantly steps into a magical mirror and her world instantly becomes all about her. Alex enjoys how everyone listens to her, but when her mother tries to call her back, mirror-Harper breaks the mirror and could possibly be trapped in that world forever. Justin and Zeke hold an e-waste drive for old electronics in order to save themselves for the "Robot Revolution".
Guest star: Dan Benson as Zeke

Absent: Jake T. Austin as Max Russo, David DeLuise as Jerry Russo
7625"Uncle Ernesto"Bob KoherrTodd J. GreenwaldAugust 27, 2010 (2010-08-27)3273.4[26]
Justin, Alex and Max promise a magic-free night for their mother's birthday. When they invite their Uncle Ernesto over, they must stow away magical gifts from Uncle Kelbo. After opening the presents, chaos breaks out as the kids try to hide magic from their mother and uncle. In the end of the episode, Alex proves that she loves her mother more than magic by discarding the egg of a FuChicken (see "Magical objects" section below) which would have told who would win the wizard competition.
Special guest star: Wilmer Valderrama as Uncle Ernesto

Guest star: Michael D. Cohen as Swiss Army Elf
7726"Moving On"Robbie CountrymanPeter MurrietaSeptember 10, 2010 (2010-09-10)3244.5[27]
When Justin fails to get over Juliet, Alex transforms Harper into a young version of Juliet. Justin is delighted to see her again, until Harper, as Juliet, tries to make him move on. She does convince him to move on after revealing herself. The episode ends with Justin on a date with his new girlfriend and the real Juliet watching him from afar, with a smile on her face.
Special guest star: Bridgit Claire Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen

Guest star: Laura Samuels as Sara
7827"Wizards Unleashed""Alex Saves Mason (Alternative) / Puppy Love (United Kingdom)"Victor GonzalezVince Cheung & Ben Montanio (Part 1)Justin Varava (Part 2)October 1, 2010 (2010-10-01)328-3294.8[28]
After Alex sees on the news a feature about a painting wolf in the Pocono Mountains, she automatically believes that it is Mason. Justin, Max, and Alex flash to the location of the wolf, and learn that it is indeed Mason. However, they then learn that Mason is being held against his will by a family of hillbilly wizards who will agree to give Mason back to Alex in exchange for the Russos' wizard world portal. Alex agrees to make the exchange, unbeknownst to her brothers. The hillbilly family arrive at the Russos' lair for the exchange but Alex fools them by concealing their portal with an anti-magic realm. Because of that, Mason, who had transformed to his human form, reverts back to a wolf as a form of revenge from the hillbillies. The Russos figure out about the transforming hillbilly music and use it on Mason, but he is turned to a half wolf/half human. Until then, they have to find the missing instrument for the hillbilly song; Mason is stuck in his half wolf/half human form, leaving Alex embarrassed to be seen with him in public. Meanwhile, Zeke and Harper take care of the Sub Station and Harper tries to make Zeke kiss her all the while. At Zeke's party, Mason's cover is blown and Alex is humiliated, leaving Mason heartbroken and he leaves her. Harper tells Alex about how she always wore eccentric, flashy clothing but Alex wasn't afraid to be seen with her at all and the same should go for Mason. Alex flashes herself into the elevator where Mason is scratching his neck and apologizes and says she loves him and kisses him. They go back to Zeke's apartment, unaffected by everyone's stares and gawks and they dance, laughing at all their good memories when they were an art couple at Tribeca Prep. In the end, Justin finds the missing instrument, the mouth harp, and plays it and Mason is back to his human form. In the meantime, Theresa and Jerry go on an anniversary trip to Connecticut and stay in a cheap motel, using a camera concealed in a teddy bear to check on the Sub Station. This is a one-hour special.
Special guest star: Gregg Sulkin as Mason

Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Mary-Pat Green as Ma, Gary Grubbs as Pa
7928"Wizards Exposed"Bob KoherrRichard GoodmanOctober 15, 2010 (2010-10-15)3304.3[29]
The government finds out that the Russo family are wizards, and takes them into custody to find out more. Max and Alex are both interrogated by Agent Lamwood and Scientist One, but both refuse to say anything. When Justin is interrogated, he is tricked into thinking that aliens are going to attack so he reveals that he is a wizard and that they have a wizard lair. Meanwhile, Harper is trying to find out how to contact the wizard world to inform them of the Russo's abduction; she tells Mason who decides to go through the portal to find help. The government raids the wizard world and arrests many wizards, including Professor Crumbs and Chancellor Rudy Tootietootie, as well as Mason along with the Russo family. The Russo family escape the prison and learn that all magic has been switched off. With the help of a magic cootie catcher given by Professor Crumbs, Alex casts a spell duplicating their family three times so they can think of a plan to escape. Scientist One helps the Russo family, Mason, and Rooty Tootietootie escape telling them that Agent Lamwood is crazy because they are supposed to be researching lizards not wizards. The episode ends on a cliffhanger as the Russo family wonder what to do and whether Alex is right in saying they should reveal to the world that wizards exist to save their fellow wizards.
Special guest star: Gregg Sulkin as Mason
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Jonathan Kite as Agent Lamwood, Daryl "Chill" Mitchell as Scientist One, Ian Abercrombie as Professor Crumbs, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie

Note: This episode ends on a cliffhanger and is resumed in the season 4 opener, "Alex Tells The World".