document_title: Orlando Magic

question_text: where did the orlando magic used to play

question_tokens: where did the orlando magic used to play

text: Orlando Magic

text: Franchise history[edit]

text: 1985–1986: Team creation[edit]

text: In September 1985, Orlando businessman Jim L. Hewitt approached Philadelphia 76ers general manager Pat Williams as they met in Texas on his idea of bringing an NBA team to Orlando. Intrigued by the project, Williams signed on as the front man of the investment group one year later as he left the 76ers. On June 19, 1986, the two held a news conference to announce their intention of seeking an NBA franchise.[8][9]

text: At the same time Hewitt and Williams decided to hold a contest in the Orlando Sentinel newspaper to get names for their new franchise. Out of a total of 4,296 submitted entries, the names were subsequently narrowed to four, "Heat", "Tropics", "Juice", and "Magic". The last one, which had been submitted by 11 people, was picked after Williams brought his 7-year-old daughter Karyn to visit in Orlando.[10] On July 27, 1986, it was announced that the committee chose the Magic to be the new name of the Orlando franchise in the NBA.[11] The name "Magic" alludes to the area's biggest tourist attraction and economic engine Walt Disney World, along with its Magic Kingdom. Hewitt added that "You look at all the aspects of Central Florida, and you find it really is an exciting place, a magical place."[12][13][14]

text: Many, including Williams himself at first, thought that Miami or Tampa were better locations in Florida for a franchise, given Orlando was a small town lacking a major airport and a suitable arena.[15] Hewitt brought investors such as real estate developer William DuPont, Orlando Renegades owner Don Dizney, and Southern Fruit Citrus owners Jim and Steve Caruso,[8] and talked the Orlando city officials into approving an arena project.[16] Meanwhile, Williams gave presentations to NBA commissioner David Stern and the owners of the other teams of the league that the town was viable.[15]

text: The Magic were one of the four new expansion franchises awarded by the NBA in 1987 along with the Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat and Minnesota Timberwolves. Initially, the NBA was planning to expand by three teams, with one franchise going to Florida; however, when both Miami and Orlando ownership groups made successful pitches, the expansion committee decided to expand by four teams, allowing both to have a franchise.[17] The Magic became the first ever major-league professional sports franchise in the Orlando area, following an expansion fee of reportedly $32.5 million.[8][17] The Magic hired Matt Guokas as the team's first coach, who helped the Magic select 12 players in the NBA Expansion Draft on June 15, 1989. On June 27, 1989, the Magic chose Nick Anderson with the 11th pick in the first round, who became the first draft pick of the franchise.[18]

text: 1989–1992: Early years[edit]

text: The very first game played was an exhibition game on October 13, 1989 against the then reigning champions Detroit Pistons, which the Magic won.[19] Anderson was quoted as saying the atmosphere and the people watching the game was "like Game 7 of the NBA Finals".[20]

text: On November 4, 1989, the Magic played their first season game at the Orlando Arena (O-Rena) against the visiting New Jersey Nets, who won 111–106 in a hard-fought game. The Magic's first victory came two days later, as the Magic defeated the New York Knicks 118–110. The inaugural team compiled a record of 18–64 with players including Reggie Theus, Scott Skiles, Terry Catledge, Sam Vincent, Otis Smith, and Jerry Reynolds.[21][22]

text: In the 1990 NBA draft, the Orlando Magic selected Dennis Scott with the fourth overall pick.[23] On December 30, 1990, Scott Skiles racked up 30 assists in the 155–116 victory over the Denver Nuggets, breaking Kevin Porter's NBA single-game assists record (29).[24] Skiles was named the NBA's Most Improved Player at the end of the season, as the Magic heralded the NBA's most improved record that season. Forward Dennis Scott set a team mark with 125 three-point field goals for the season, the best long-distance production by a rookie in NBA history.[20] He was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.[20] Despite a 31–51 record, there were 40 sellouts out of 41 home games.

text: On September 19, 1991, the DeVos family, founders of Amway, purchased the franchise for $85 million. Family patriarch Richard DeVos became the owner of the franchise.[25] The 1991–92 season was disappointing for the Magic as various players missed games with injuries. Dennis Scott played only 18 games, Nick Anderson missed 22 games, Stanley Roberts, Jerry Reynolds, Brian Williams, Sam Vincent and Otis Smith all missed at least 27 games each. With a shortage of healthy players the team struggled through a 17-game losing streak and finished with a 21–61 record. The Magic still managed to have all 41 home games sold out.[20]

text: 1992–1996: The Shaquille O'Neal era[edit]

text: The Magic history was changed on May 17, 1992, when the franchise won the first pick in the 1992 NBA draft Lottery.[20] The Magic selected big-man Shaquille O'Neal from Louisiana State University, the biggest prize in the draft since the Knicks won Patrick Ewing.[26] O'Neal, a 7'1" center, made an immediate impact on the Magic, leading the team to a 41–41 record.[27] The Magic again became the NBA's most improved franchise, as they improved by 20 games. O'Neal was the first rookie to be voted an All-Star starter since Michael Jordan in 1985.[20] He also became the 1992–1993 NBA Rookie of the Year. Despite O'Neal's presence, the Magic missed the 1993 NBA Playoffs because they were tied with the Indiana Pacers for the eighth and final playoff spot in the Eastern Conference with the Pacers holding the tiebreaker.[28]

text: Despite barely missing the playoffs and receiving the least chance of gaining the top draft pick with only one ball in the lottery, the Magic again won the first pick in the 1993 NBA draft Lottery.[20] Prior to the draft, Guokas stepped down as head coach, and Brian Hill was promoted to become the Magic's second head coach.[29] In the draft, the Magic selected Chris Webber, but traded him to the Golden State Warriors for the number three pick, guard Anfernee "Penny" Hardaway and three future first-round draft picks.[30] With the combination of O'Neal and Hardaway, the Magic became a dominant team in the NBA, compiling the first 50 win season in franchise history with a 50–32 record.[31] The Magic were in the playoffs for the first time, ranked the fourth seed in the Eastern Conference; however, the Pacers swept the Magic 3–0 in the first round, thus ending the Magic's season.[32]

text: In the 1994–95 season, the Magic's sixth season, All-Star forward Horace Grant was acquired as a free agent from the Chicago Bulls.[20] The Orlando Magic compiled a 57–25 record, best in the East and winning the Atlantic Division title,[33] becoming the second-fastest team (behind the Milwaukee Bucks in 1971, who were in their third season) to advance to the NBA Finals in league history.[34] In the playoffs, the Magic defeated the Boston Celtics, Bulls, and the Indiana Pacers, advancing to the NBA Finals where O'Neal, Hardaway and the young Magic bowed to a more playoff-experienced Hakeem Olajuwon and the Houston Rockets, winning their second consecutive championship in a 4–0 sweep of Orlando.[35]

text: In the 1995–96 season, the Magic again were near the top of the Eastern Conference and the Atlantic Division with a 60–22 record, led by O'Neal and Hardaway; however, the Magic were seeded number two, behind the NBA's all-time second best 72–10 record of the Chicago Bulls.[36] In the meantime, general manager Pat Williams was promoted to senior executive vice president and replaced by the vice president of Basketball Operations John Gabriel on April 29, 1996.[37] In the playoffs, after the Magic defeated the Detroit Pistons and the Atlanta Hawks, Orlando met the Bulls in the Eastern Conference Finals.[38] The combination of Jordan, Scottie Pippen and rebounder Dennis Rodman was too much for the Magic, and Orlando was swept 4–0.[39]

text: 1996–1999: The Penny Hardaway era[edit]

text: In the offseason, O'Neal left as a free agent to the Los Angeles Lakers, dealing a huge blow to the Magic franchise.[40] In the middle of the season, urged by player discontent, management fired coach Brian Hill and named Richie Adubato as interim coach for the rest of the season. Under Adubato, the Magic went 21–12 to compile a 45–37 record, led by Penny Hardaway. In the playoffs, the Magic quickly fell 0–2 to the heavily favored Miami Heat in the first round, but Hardaway battled back with consecutive 40 point games to assure a game five (the first player to do so), which the Magic ultimately lost.[28]

text: The Magic then hired Chuck Daly to be head coach for the 1997–98 season.[41] In addition, Hall of Famer Julius Erving joined the Magic's front office, giving Orlando hope for a successful season. The season was hampered by an injury to Hardaway who sat out the majority of the season. Anderson, combined with newly acquired free agent Bo Outlaw, led the team to a 41–41 record, just out of reach of the NBA playoffs. In addition, Seikaly was traded during the season to the New Jersey Nets for three role players and a future draft pick.[42]

text: In 1998–99, with the drafting of Michael Doleac and Matt Harpring with the 12th and 15th picks in the 1998 draft, and a healthy Penny Hardaway and Nick Anderson, the Magic tied for the Eastern Conference's best record with the Miami Heat in the lockout-shortened season, 33–17. Armstrong again led the team emotionally, winning the NBA's Sixth-Man and Most Improved Player awards. Orlando also acquired NBA great Dominique Wilkins, along with brother Gerald, who were past their primes but were both still serviceable NBA players. In the playoffs the Penny Hardaway-led Magic were seeded number 3 because of tiebreakers and faced the Philadelphia 76ers. The 76ers, led by Allen Iverson, upset the Magic 3–1 in the first round.[43] The team also changed their uniforms for the first time ever, changing from pinstripes to stars.

text: 1999–2000: The Heart and Hustle era[edit]

text: In 1999, the Magic, under general manager John Gabriel, who was later named Executive of the Year, hired rookie-coach Doc Rivers.[44] Gabriel dismantled the previous team trading their only remaining superstar Anfernee Hardaway to the Phoenix Suns for Danny Manning (who never donned a Magic uniform), Pat Garrity, and two future draft picks.[45] The Magic were then a team composed of virtually all no name players and little experience which included team captain Armstrong, Bo Outlaw and a young Ben Wallace, along with Coach Rivers led the Magic to a 41–41 record, barely missing out on the playoffs. At the end of the season Rivers was named Coach of the Year. That year was characterized by the slogan "Heart and Hustle", as the team was known for its hard-working style.

text: 2000–2004: The Tracy McGrady era[edit]

text: The following offseason, Gabriel, with millions of cleared salary cap space, attempted to lure three of the NBA's most prized free agents: Tim Duncan, Grant Hill, and Tracy McGrady. Duncan opted to remain with the San Antonio Spurs, the Magic acquired Hill, a perennial All-Star, and McGrady. With McGrady and Hill together, the Magic were expected to be a force in the East. However, Hill was limited to 4 games because of an ankle injury. McGrady blossomed into a star during the season, becoming one of the NBA's top scorers. With the addition of Mike Miller from the draft, the Magic compiled a 43–39 record, which included a nine-game winning streak, and once again made the playoffs. McGrady made the All-Star Team and All-NBA 2nd Team. Miller won the Rookie of the Year. In the playoffs, they faced the Milwaukee Bucks in the first round. The Bucks won the series 3–1.

text: In 2001–02, McGrady led the Magic to a winning record of 44–38. Hill was still severely limited by his ankle injury, and did not play for the vast majority of the season. McGrady, combined with Armstrong, Miller, and 3-point sharpshooter Pat Garrity, formed the core of the team. McGrady made the All-NBA for the first time and made his second consecutive All-Star Team. However, the Magic were defeated 3–1 in the first round of the playoffs by the Charlotte Hornets led by Baron Davis.[46]

text: In 2002–03, with the acquisitions of Gordan Giricek and Drew Gooden from the Memphis Grizzlies in exchange for Mike Miller, McGrady once again led the Magic to a 42–40 record. McGrady led the league in scoring with 32.1 ppg, made his second All-NBA 1st Team, and 3rd All-Star Team. Despite still not having Hill due to injury, the Magic entered the playoffs for the third straight year. However, after taking a 3–1 lead in the best-of-seven first round series, the Magic fell to the Detroit Pistons 4–3 in the now infamous heartbreaker. McGrady was quoted as saying, "It feels good to get in the second round" after still needing one more win to advance.[47]

text: The Magic's 15th season in 2003–04 proved to be one of its toughest ever. Even with the acquisition of veteran free agents Tyronn Lue and Juwan Howard, the Magic struggled early. After winning its first game, the Magic lost 19 consecutive games, setting a franchise record. They finished an NBA worst 21–61. Despite this, McGrady led the league in scoring with 28.0 ppg, made the All-NBA 2nd Team and his 4th consecutive All-Star Team. In the middle of the 19-game losing streak, coach Doc Rivers was fired, and assistant Johnny Davis was promoted to head coach.[48] General manager Gabriel was replaced by John Weisbrod.[49]

text: 2004–2012: The Dwight Howard era[edit]

text: In the off-season, Weisbrod completely dismantled the team. Though he kept Davis as coach, he shook up the player roster, only keeping a few players from last season. The most significant trade was Tracy McGrady. McGrady, discontent with the Magic, wished to move on; Weisbrod accused McGrady of "slacking off" and not attending practices (McGrady later admitted that he did not give 100% during the 2003–2004 season and wanted the team to bring him some help, but never wanted to leave Orlando). The Magic traded McGrady along with Reece Gaines, Tyronn Lue, and Juwan Howard to the Houston Rockets for Steve Francis, Kelvin Cato, and Cuttino Mobley.[50] In addition, the Magic acquired center Tony Battie and two second-round draft picks from the Cleveland Cavaliers in exchange for Drew Gooden, Steven Hunter, and the draft rights to Anderson Varejão.[51] The Magic then signed free agent Hedo Türkoğlu. With the number one draft pick, the Magic selected high-school phenomenon and future All-Star and franchise cornerstone Dwight Howard, and a draft day trade with the Denver Nuggets got them point guard Jameer Nelson.[52]

text: After a promising 13–6 start, the Magic began to fall apart. First, Weisbrod traded Mobley for Doug Christie from the Sacramento Kings. Christie, because of his emotional ties to the Kings, at first refused to play for the Magic. Later on, Christie claimed he had bone spurs and was placed on the injured list after playing only a few games for the Magic.[53] Near the end of the season, with a playoff-push faltering, Weisbrod fired Davis after leading Davis to believe he was going to be the team's head coach for the entire 2004–05 NBA season. He then promoted Chris Jent to interim head coach.[54] Throughout the season, bolstered by Hill's return, the Magic played spectacularly, defeating top NBA teams. However, led by the erratic play of Francis, the Magic also lost to league teams with losing records. Howard showed great promise, becoming one of the few players to average a double-double. Howard was a consistent rebounder and scorer, becoming the first rookie to start and play all 82 games in a season. In addition, Nelson, after a slow start, developed into a talented player, taking over the starting point guard position. Hill also returned and averaged 19.7 points a game. Hill was chosen an All-Star starter by NBA fans for the 2005 All-Star Game, and Dwight Howard and Jameer Nelson were named to the All-Rookie first and second teams, respectively. Howard was a unanimous selection.

text: The Magic finished the season 36–46.[52] Their playoff push was hampered by injuries in the last quarter of the season: a season-ending broken wrist for sixth man Hedo Türkoğlu, a shin injury to Grant Hill, a rib cage injury to Nelson, and a three-game suspension to Francis for kicking a photographer. The Magic ended a few games out of the playoffs. On May 23, 2005, the Magic's plans were disrupted by the abrupt resignation of general manager and Chief Operating Officer John Weisbrod.[55] In addition, the Magic announced the following day that Brian Hill, the coach who led the Magic to the NBA Finals under O'Neal and Hardaway, would return as head coach.[56]

text: The Magic drafted Spanish Fran Vázquez with the 11th pick in the 2005 NBA draft. On July 28, 2005, Vazquez stunned the team after announcing that he would remain in Spain to play for Akasvayu Girona, getting ridiculed by media after he was quoted that the decision to stay was made by his girlfriend.[citation needed] Owner Rich DeVos announced on October 21 that he was transferring ownership to his children, with the official owner role moving to son-in-law and team president Bob Vander Weide. The transfer was supposed to be complete by the end of the year.[57]

text: The 2005–06 season opened with high hopes for the Magic despite not being able to add first round draft pick Vasquez. Grant Hill was supposedly finally healed from his multiple ankle surgeries. Dwight Howard and Jameer Nelson showed excellent progress during summer-league play. Second round draft pick Travis Diener showed excellent shooting and decision making during the summer. And the free agent signing of Keyon Dooling showed that the club was going to continue making progress. Then trouble began. Hill, despite his ankle apparently being healed, suffered a painful sports hernia injury that would hamper his play throughout the entire season. After playing in three preseason games, he underwent surgery to correct the hernia and would not appear during the regular season until mid-December, to which he lasted a month before attempting to make another comeback in February and early March, however he only played sporadically. Then a foot injury to Nelson forced him to sit out over a month.

text: On February 15, 2006, the Magic announced that they had acquired Darko Miličić and Carlos Arroyo from the Detroit Pistons in exchange for Kelvin Cato and a 2007 top-five protected first-round draft pick. One week later, on February 22, the Magic announced that they had traded Steve Francis to the New York Knicks in exchange for Anfernee Hardaway (whom they waived two days later) and Trevor Ariza. With a set starting rotation of Battie, Howard, Türkoğlu, DeShawn Stevenson, and Nelson, the Magic mounted a surprising run at the eighth playoff spot in the Eastern Conference, including an 8-game winning streak and 12 consecutive home wins. The streak included wins against NBA powerhouses Detroit, San Antonio, Dallas and Miami, as well as a game against the Philadelphia 76ers in which Howard recorded 28 points and a career-high 26 rebounds. Despite their efforts they didn't make the playoffs.

text: 2006–2010: Return to the NBA Finals[edit]

text: With the 11th overall pick in the 2006 NBA draft, the Magic took the former Duke star J. J. Redick. Even with the fan support to get him playing time he averaged just over 11 minutes a game. After beginning the season strong with a 13–4 record, the Orlando Magic began to suffer in the standings as the result of multiple losses, due in large part to the injuries of Tony Battie, Keyon Dooling, and Grant Hill. The Magic were also hampered with the sporadic play of many of their young stars, who on multiple occasions showed their propensity for streaky shooting and the team's lack of a solid scoring two-guard. Despite the team's poor play, Dwight Howard continued to develop and blossom in his third year in the league, culminating in his first selection to the Eastern Conference All-Star team. The final few weeks of the season saw the Magic build momentum and confidence with an impressive late push towards the Playoffs. On April 15, 2007, with an 88–86 victory over the Boston Celtics, the Magic secured its first berth in the NBA Playoffs since 2003 by locking up the 8th seed in the Eastern Conference. This marked the first time that the team had made the playoffs while posting a losing record. Nevertheless, their Playoff run ended on April 28, 2007 after they were swept in the first round by first seeded Detroit Pistons whose experience, veteran leadership and ability to consistently make the clutch basket proved far too much for the undermanned and overwhelmed Magic to overcome. It was announced on May 23, 2007, that Brian Hill had been fired as head coach of the Magic.

text: On June 1, 2007, the Magic signed Billy Donovan to be their head coach for five years. The next day, Donovan wished to be released from the contract and the Magic agreed several days later. On June 6, 2007, the Magic signed a 4-year contract with Stan Van Gundy. In the free agent market, the Magic signed Rashard Lewis of the Seattle SuperSonics to a six-year league-maximum contract believed to be worth over $110 million.[58] At the NBA China Games, the Magic swept the three games in China, twice against the Cleveland Cavaliers and once against the Chinese national team in games held in Shanghai and in Macau.

text: On November 15, 2007, Bob Vander Weide, the son-in-law of Richard DeVos, officially took over as owner of the team, although ownership is still split evenly amongst Richard DeVos' other children as well.[59]

text: The Magic started the 2007–08 NBA season with an impressive 16–4 record in their first 20 games, which included wins over the Boston Celtics and Cleveland Cavaliers. Through the next few months, the Magic were not so successful, splitting their next 36 games with 18 wins and 18 losses. At the start of March, the Magic seemed to pick up speed again, finishing the month with 10 wins, the first time since November that they won 10 or more in a month. The Magic clinched the Southeast Division title when the Washington Wizards were routed at Utah 129–87 on March 31, 2008. It was the Magic's third division title, but only their first since 1995–96 season, as well as their first since the Southeast Division was formed. They also earned their 50th win of the season against the Chicago Bulls on April 13, which had not happened since the 1995–96 season. The Magic finished the regular season 52–30, their best season since 1995–96. With the 3rd seed in the Eastern Conference, they were matched up in their first round playoff series against the Toronto Raptors. The Magic had home court advantage for the first time since the 1998–99 season.

text: On April 28, 2008, at Amway Arena, the Magic eliminated the Raptors with a 4–1 series victory in the first round. It was the first playoff series victory for the Magic in 12 years after 6 straight first round exits. The run of success didn't last long as they fell 4–1 to the experienced Detroit Pistons in the second round. With the Magic already down in the series, controversy erupted after the Pistons' Game 2 victory. At the conclusion of the 3rd quarter, Chauncey Billups of the Pistons made a three-point shot giving the Pistons a three-point lead. However, the clock had stopped just as the play began. NBA rules prohibit officials from using instant replay or any timing device to determine how much time has elapsed when a clock malfunctions, nor is a replay allowed to be viewed from the time of the malfunction to when the play ends, when the game clock has not expired. Because of the rule, the officials then estimated that the play took 4.6 seconds, and because there were 5.1 seconds remaining when play began, the field goal was allowed to be counted. The NBA later admitted that the play actually took 5.7 seconds and the basket in question should not have counted.[60] The Pistons went on to win Game 2. The Magic were able to win Game 3, with the Pistons' Chauncey Billups out for most of the game with an injury, but were unable to take advantage of his absence and defeat the Pistons in Games 4 and 5, which ended the Magic's playoff run in 2008.

text: The first half of the 2008–09 season went very well for the Magic. After 41 games, the Magic were 33–8, leading the Southeast Division, as well as having one of the top four records in the league. At the start of February, Jameer Nelson, their all-star starting point guard, went down with a shoulder injury. He was expected to miss the remainder of the season. After trading for Rafer Alston, the Magic finished the regular season with a 59–23 record, it was the most games the team had won in a season since the 1995–96 season in which they had 60 wins. In the playoffs, the Magic beat the Philadelphia 76ers in the first round of the playoffs and then the defending champions, the Boston Celtics, in the Eastern Conference semifinals, behind assistant coach Patrick Ewing's guarantee that they would win Game 7 of that series.[61] In their first conference finals since 1996, the Magic beat the Cleveland Cavaliers, which were led by the season's MVP, LeBron James. After dropping the first two games in the Finals against the Los Angeles Lakers, the Magic finally won their first ever game in the Finals in Game 3. Despite Nelson's return to the team for the Finals, the Lakers won the series and the championship by beating the Magic in five games.

text: In the 2009 off-season, Orlando traded Rafer Alston, Tony Battie, and Courtney Lee to the New Jersey Nets in exchange for eight-time All-Star Vince Carter and Ryan Anderson.[62] Hedo Türkoğlu, as part of a sign-and-trade, was sent to the Toronto Raptors. They then made several free agent signings. On July 10, former Dallas Mavericks power forward Brandon Bass was given a 4-year deal.[63] On July 21, the Magic signed former Phoenix Suns forward Matt Barnes.[64] On August 19, they signed former Miami Heat point guard Jason Williams.[65]

text: On September 28, 2009, Orlando extended the contract of head coach Stan Van Gundy by exercising his option for the 2010–11 season. They did the same for general manager Otis Smith, which would keep him in that position through the 2011–12 season.[66]

text: The Magic were without Rashard Lewis for the first 10 games of the 2009–10 season. Lewis tested positive for an elevated testosterone level that was caused by an over-the-counter supplement containing a substance banned by the league.[67] To make matters worse, Vince Carter suffered a left ankle injury in just the second game of the season. Carter's injury turned out to be not too serious, but caused him to miss the next five games. Another setback came in mid-November, when Jameer Nelson injured his left knee, which required arthroscopic surgery to repair. Nelson would be out for five weeks. Despite all of this, the Magic had a 23–8 record at the end of December.

text: Orlando lost seven of their first ten games in January, but recovered well enough to post a winning record for the month by winning six of their next seven. Following the All-Star break, the Magic went on a roll, winning 23 of their 28 remaining games, clinching their fourth consecutive playoff berth and winning their third consecutive division championship in the process. The Magic finished the regular season with a 59–23 record, matching their record from the 2008–09 season, and finishing with not only the second-best record in the Eastern Conference, but the second-best record in the entire league. The team became one of the only teams in NBA history to beat all of the other 29 teams at least once during the regular season. The Magic swept the Charlotte Bobcats and the Atlanta Hawks in the first two rounds of the playoffs, respectively. They then faced the Boston Celtics in the conference finals. After losing the first three games of the series, Orlando managed to win the next two games, but lost on the road in Game 6, ending their season.

text: 2010–2012: The "Dwightmare" saga[edit]

text: In anticipation of the team's move to Amway Center, the Magic updated its logo. They retained the streaking ball logo, but changed the wordmark taken from their current uniforms. The Magic hosted the NBA All-Star Game in 2012. The Magic also unveiled black alternate uniforms.

text: In the summer of 2010 the Orlando Magic signed Chris Duhon, formerly of the New York Knicks,[68] and Quentin Richardson, formerly of the Miami Heat.

text: On December 18, 2010, having lost five of their last six games, the Magic made a blockbuster trade deal with the Phoenix Suns and the Washington Wizards. They traded Vince Carter, Marcin Gortat and Mickaël Piétrus to Phoenix for Hedo Türkoğlu (who led them into the 2009 NBA Finals when they lost 4–1 against the Los Angeles Lakers), Jason Richardson and Earl Clark. Rashard Lewis was traded to Washington for 3-time All-Star Gilbert Arenas.[69]

text: The Magic finished the season with 52 victories, good for 2nd in the Southeast Division. But they were ousted in six games by the Atlanta Hawks in the first round of the 2011 NBA Playoffs, the first time head coach Stan Van Gundy was eliminated early in the playoffs.

text: In a shortened 2012 season, due to the NBA Lockout, the Magic started the offseason on a rocky note, with their All-Star center, Dwight Howard, requesting a trade to either the New Jersey Nets, Los Angeles Lakers, or Dallas Mavericks. Overlooking the trade request the Magic did a sign and trade with the Boston Celtics for Glen Davis and Von Wafer in exchange for Brandon Bass. The Magic also amnestied Gilbert Arenas and signed Larry Hughes, Justin Harper, and DeAndre Liggins. The Magic started the season on Christmas Day in Oklahoma City against the Thunder. They lost the season opener 89–97. During the month of February, the Magic waived Hughes and signed Ish Smith. On February 26, Orlando hosted the 2012 All-Star Game. The Magic struggled to win games consistently, with concerns about the uncertainty of Dwight Howard's future with the franchise. However, after Dwight rescinded his trade demand and signed a one-year deal in March, the Magic seemed to find their footing again. But then in early April, shortly after it became public that Howard requested coach Van Gundy to be replaced, the center was diagnosed with a herniated disk and forced to have back surgery, thus ending his season. The Magic clinched the sixth seed in the east with a 37–29 record. The Magic were faced with the third seeded Pacers in the first round. Despite winning the first game of the series the Magic were defeated 4–1.

text: On May 21, 2012, it was reported that general manager Otis Smith and head coach Stan Van Gundy would part ways with the organization. Stan Van Gundy finished with a 259–135 regular season record with the team which included making the playoffs in those five years and a conference championship.

text: CEO Alex Martins announced former Oklahoma City assistant general manager Rob Hennigan as the new general manager for the Orlando Magic on June 20, 2012. He is currently the youngest general manager (30 years) in the league.[70]

text: In the 2012 NBA draft, the Magic selected Andrew Nicholson and Kyle O'Quinn.

text: On June 25, 2012, Dwight Howard had face-to-face meeting with general manager Rob Hennigan in Los Angeles and demanded a trade to the Brooklyn Nets.[71]

text: On July 9, 2012, the Magic completed a sign-and-trade deal with the New Orleans Hornets, that sent forward Ryan Anderson to the Hornets. In return the Magic received center Gustavo Ayon.

text: On July 28, 2012, Jacque Vaughn was named the new head coach. He had been the assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs for the last two seasons.[72]

text: On August 9, 2012, ESPN reported that a four-team trade would send Dwight Howard to the Los Angeles Lakers. ESPN.com's Marc Stein was told the Lakers were to acquire Howard, Chris Duhon and Earl Clark, the Denver Nuggets were to acquire Andre Iguodala, the Philadelphia 76ers were to acquire Andrew Bynum and Jason Richardson, and the Magic were to acquire Arron Afflalo, Al Harrington, Nikola Vučević, Maurice Harkless, Josh McRoberts, Christian Eyenga, and five total protected future (three 1st round, two 2nd round) picks from each of the other three teams.[73] The deal was officially confirmed and completed on August 10.[74] Howard left the Magic as their all-time leading scorer, shot blocker, and rebounder.

text: 2012–present: Rebuilding for a new era[edit]

text: Following the trade of Dwight Howard, the Magic entered into a state of rebuilding with Maurice Harkless and Nikola Vučević. On August 29, the Magic signed free agent guard E'Twaun Moore. On December 2, 2012, Howard's first game against his former team, the Magic defeated the Lakers 113–103.

text: On February 21, 2013, the Magic traded J. J. Redick, Ish Smith & Gustavo Ayón to the Milwaukee Bucks. In return, the Magic received Beno Udrih, Tobias Harris and rookie Doron Lamb. The Magic also traded Josh McRoberts to the Charlotte Bobcats for Hakim Warrick who was waived 2 days later. The Magic finish the 2012–2013 season 20–62 as the worst record in the NBA, missing the playoffs for the first time since 2006.

text: On June 27, 2013, the Orlando Magic had the 2nd pick in the 1st round of the 2013 NBA draft. The Magic used their lottery pick to draft Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year,[75] shooting guard Victor Oladipo from Indiana University. The Orlando Magic also had the 51st pick in the 2nd round of the NBA draft. They used this pick to draft 6'8" forward Romero Osby from the University of Oklahoma. Osby averaged 16 points, 7 rebounds, and 1.3 assists during his senior NCAA season at Oklahoma, but was cut by the Magic before the season opener.

text: The Magic finished the 2013–2014 season with a 23–59 record, 3rd worst in the NBA. The draft lottery gave them the 4th pick in the 2014 NBA draft. In the draft they selected Aaron Gordon with the 4th pick and Dario Šarić with the 12th pick. Saric was then swapped for the 10th pick, Elfrid Payton in exchange for a 2017 1st round pick and a future 2nd round pick. Roy Devyn Marble was selected with the 56th pick in the 2nd round. On February 5, 2015 Jacque Vaughn was relieved of his head coaching duties after coaching 2½ seasons for the Magic. His overall record was 58–158. He was replaced by interim head coach James Borrego.

text: On May 29, 2015, the Magic hired their former point guard Scott Skiles as the franchise's 12th head coach.[76][77]

text: On June 25, 2015, in the 2015 NBA draft, Orlando selected Mario Hezonja with the fifth overall pick and Tyler Harvey with the 51st overall pick.[78] On February 16, 2016, the Magic traded Tobias Harris to the Detroit Pistons in exchange for Ersan İlyasova and Brandon Jennings.[79]

text: On May 12, 2016 Skiles stepped down as head coach of the Orlando Magic.[80] On May 19, the Orlando Magic agreed to a deal with former Indiana Pacers coach Frank Vogel to become the next head coach of the team. Vogel, 42, fits the profile Magic officials set for Skiles' successor: a coach who emphasizes defense and relates well to players.[81]

text: With Vogel as their new coach, the Magic made many changes to their roster during the offseason. On June 23, 2016, in the 2016 NBA draft the Magic selected Domantas Sabonis 11th overall, but then traded Sabonis and shooting guard Victor Oladipo for defensive power forward Serge Ibaka of the Oklahoma City Thunder. During free agency the Magic re-signed Evan Fournier to a five-year, $85 million contract and also signed Bismack Biyombo, Jeff Green, and D. J. Augustin. On July 15, C. J. Wilcox was acquired, along with cash considerations, from the Clippers in exchange for Devyn Marble and a future second round draft pick.[82][83][84]

text: On February 14, 2017, Ibaka was traded to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for Terrence Ross and a future first-round draft pick.[85] The Magic finished the 2016–17 season with the third worst record in their conference, finishing 29–53.

text: In the summer of 2017, the Magic made various changes, the first being the firing of general manager Rob Hennigan on April 13. On May 23, the Magic named Jeff Weltman, the former general manager of the Toronto Raptors, as president of basketball operations and named John Hammond, the former general manager for the Milwaukee Bucks, as the new general manager. With the sixth overall pick in the 2017 NBA Draft, Orlando drafted Florida State forward, Jonathan Isaac. During free agency the Magic signed Jonathon Simmons, Arron Afflalo, Shelvin Mack, Marreese Speights, Khem Birch and Adreian Payne.

text: On October 6, 2017, the Magic announced that former superstar Tracy McGrady, had rejoined the team as assistant to the CEO.

text: Home arenas[edit]

text: Amway Center[edit]

text: The team's current home arena, the Amway Center, officially opened on October 1, 2010. The Orlando Magic hosted their first preseason game at Amway Center on October 10 against the New Orleans Hornets. The 2010–11 regular season home opener was on October 28 against the Washington Wizards, and the Magic won both games. In 2012, the Amway Center hosted the All-Star Weekend.[86]

text: At the time it opened, the new Amway Center was home to the largest Jumbotron in the NBA.[87] The arena also features approximately 2,100 feet (640 m) of digital ribbon boards, and outside the building a 46 feet (14 m) by 53 feet (16 m) video display is visible to motorists traveling on Interstate 4.[88]

text: The Amway Center is also the home of the minor league hockey team, Orlando Solar Bears and the Orlando Predators of the Arena Football League (AFL).

text: Amway Arena (former arena)[edit]

text: Amway Arena opened in 1989 and served as home to the Orlando Magic since their inception until the 2009–2010 season. It was originally known as the Orlando Arena, or the "O-Rena", during its first 10 years. In 1999, TD Waterhouse purchased the naming rights and named the venue the TD Waterhouse Centre. In December 2006, the naming rights were purchased by Amway for four years.[89] It is also home of the Arena Football League's Orlando Predators, the Orlando Sharks of the Major Indoor Soccer League, and various sporting and entertainment events. Amway Arena was one of "The Orlando Venues" owned and operated by the City of Orlando. The other facilities include the Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre, Tinker Field, Camping World Stadium, Harry P. Leu Gardens, and Mennello Museum.[90]

text: Team identity[edit]

text: Logos and uniforms[edit]

text: Orlando advertising agency The Advertising Works, led by its president Doug Minear was responsible for the original Magic uniforms. The logo, featuring a basketball crowded by stars and the wordmark "Magic" with a star replacing the A, was created following meetings with Walt Disney World artists and over 5000 suggestions sent from around the country.[91] Stars would remain a primary feature of the logo once it was redesigned in 2000 to feature a comet-like basketball. Pat Williams first suggested the colors black and gold of his alma mater Wake Forest, but this was eschewed for various factors, including the local college Central Florida using the same scheme.[92] Black would still be the primary color in the scheme used by Minear, a trait shared by 16 other NBA teams. Other colors were an electric blue specially made by sporting goods manufacturer MacGregor, and silver.[93][91] The home uniforms were white with black pinstripes, featuring black numbers with blue trim, and the road jerseys reversed the scheme while featuring "Orlando" instead of the Magic logo. Given the mesh nylon worn across the NBA did not allow for pinstripes, the jerseys were made out of durene, a material with cotton on the underside and polyester bonded on the outside.[93] The road uniform was changed to blue with white pinstripes in 1994–95.[94]

text: For the Magic's 10th anniversary in 1998, a new look designed by fashion designer Jhane Barnes was unveiled. The pinstripes were dropped and the uniforms now featured stars as the background. Both jerseys, made out of the dazzle that was used in the Women's National Basketball Association uniforms, had the Magic logo, with the home jersey in white and the away in blue.[95]

text: The Magic's 15th anniversary in 2003 inspired another uniform revamp, opting for a cleaner look without stripes or stars. The home jerseys were white and the Magic logo was blue with silver and black trim. The away jersey reverted to the city name, and was blue. The logo and numbers are white with black trim.[96]

text: For the 2008–09 season, the Magic have once again introduced new uniforms. The Magic returned to the pinstriped uniforms to commemorate the team's 20th anniversary.[97][98] The current design combines the elements of the previous three uniform designs the Magic used in its 20-year history. The home jerseys are white with silver pinstripes, while the away jerseys are blue with white pinstripes. The font used for the number and player/team name has also been updated to a more modern look. Magic alternate logos are on the shorts and the back of the jersey. This is the fourth model in franchise history.[97]

text: As the Magic moved to the Amway Center in 2010, they unveiled a new logo that for the first time fully spelled "Magic", without the star instead of the A.[99] They also unveiled a black alternate uniform, with silver pinstripes, mirroring the regular blue road uniform. They were usually worn as throwback uniforms as part of the NBA Hardwood Classics program.[100] A variation of the uniform is also used for Noche Latina every March, with 'Orlando' substituted for 'El Magic', with 'El' in black and silver trim and 'Magic' in blue and silver trim. This was unveiled in the 2011–12 season.[101]

text: In 2014, Magic unveiled a silver uniform for the first time in their history. It was sleeved, and featuring white pinstripes along with blue, black and white trim for the letters and numbers. Unlike the three other uniforms, a different striping pattern will be used on the sides.[102] In 2016, The Magic unveiled a third alternate uniform, featuring carbon as the primary color and without pinstripes. Named “Stars”, it featured the team's secondary logo and a blue, white and blue tricolor stripe in front, along with white lettering.[103]

text: The Magic made only a few slight tweaks to their uniforms when Nike became the league's uniform provider in 2017. The home and away uniform designations were abolished, thus the Magic's white "Association" and blue "Icon" uniforms are now used either at home or on the road. Two alternate uniforms will be unveiled later in the season.[104] Their jersey's sponsor is Disney.

text: Mascot[edit]

text: Stuff the Magic Dragon has been the Magic's mascot since 1987. A dragon designed by Wade Harrison and Bonnie Erickson of Acme Mascots, Inc, his name is a pun on Puff the Magic Dragon and how a slam dunk is also known as "stuffing".[105][106]

text: Players[edit]

text: Current roster[edit]

text:
Orlando Magic roster

v
t
e

Players
Coaches

Pos.
No.
Name
Height
Weight
DOB (YYYY-MM-DD)
From

1.5 !G
7000400000000000000♠4
Afflalo, Arron
7000195580000000000♠6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
210 lb (95 kg)
1985–10–15
UCLA

4.0 !F
5000000000000000000♠0
Artis, Jamel (TW)
7000200659999999999♠6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)
213 lb (97 kg)
1993–01–12
Pittsburgh

1.5 !G
7001140000000000000♠14
Augustin, D. J.
7000182880000000000♠6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
183 lb (83 kg)
1987–11–10
Texas

6.0 !C
7001240000000000000♠24
Birch, Khem (GL)
7000205740000000000♠6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)
220 lb (100 kg)
1992–09–28
UNLV

6.0 !C
7001110000000000000♠11
Biyombo, Bismack
7000205740000000000♠6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)
255 lb (116 kg)
1992–08–28
DR Congo

2.5 !G/F
7001100000000000000♠10
Fournier, Evan
7000200659999999999♠6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)
205 lb (93 kg)
1992–10–29
INSEP (FRA)

4.0 !F
5000000000000000000♠00
Gordon, Aaron
7000205740000000000♠6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)
220 lb (100 kg)
1995–09–16
Arizona

2.5 !G/F
7000800000000000000♠8
Hezonja, Mario
7000203200000000000♠6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)
218 lb (99 kg)
1995–02–25
Croatia

4.0 !F
7000100000000000000♠1
Isaac, Jonathan
7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)
210 lb (95 kg)
1997–10–03
Florida State

4.0 !F
7001250000000000000♠25
Iwundu, Wes (GL)
7000200659999999999♠6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)
195 lb (88 kg)
1994–12–20
Kansas State

1.5 !G
7000700000000000000♠7
Mack, Shelvin
7000190500000000000♠6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
203 lb (92 kg)
1990–04–22
Butler

4.0 !F
7001330000000000000♠33
Payne, Adreian (TW)
7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)
237 lb (108 kg)
1991–02–19
Michigan State

1.5 !G
7000200000000000000♠2
Payton, Elfrid
7000193040000000000♠6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
185 lb (84 kg)
1994–02–22
Louisiana–Lafayette

2.5 !G/F
7001310000000000000♠31
Ross, Terrence
7000200659999999999♠6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)
206 lb (93 kg)
1991–02–05
Washington

4.0 !F
7001170000000000000♠17
Simmons, Jonathon
7000198120000000000♠6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)
195 lb (88 kg)
1989–09–14
Houston

5.5 !F/C
7000500000000000000♠5
Speights, Marreese
7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)
255 lb (116 kg)
1987–08–04
Florida

6.0 !C
7000900000000000000♠9
Vučević, Nikola
7000213360000000000♠7 ft 0 in (2.13 m)
260 lb (118 kg)
1990–10–24
Southern California

Head coach

Frank Vogel

Assistant coach(es)

Chad Forcier
Jay Hernandez
Matt Hill
Corliss Williamson

Legend

(C) Team captain
(DP) Unsigned draft pick
(FA) Free agent
(S) Suspended
(GL) On assignment to G League affiliate
(TW) Two-way affiliate player
 Injured

Roster • Transactions
Last transaction: 2017–10–16

text: Retained draft rights[edit]

text: The Magic hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA. A drafted player, either an international draftee or a college draftee who isn't signed by the team that drafted him, is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams. In this case, the team retains the player's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player's contract with the non-NBA team ends.[107] This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams.

text:
Draft
Round
Pick
Player
Pos.
Nationality
Current team
Note(s)
Ref

2015
2
51
Harvey, TylerTyler Harvey
G
 United States
Olympique Antibes (France)

[108]

2013
2
60
Timma, JānisJānis Timma
G/F
 Latvia
Saski-Baskonia (Spain)
Acquired from the Memphis Grizzlies
[109]

2005
1
11
Vázquez, FranFran Vázquez
F/C
 Spain
Iberostar Tenerife (Spain)

[110]

text: Retired numbers[edit]

text:
Orlando Magic retired numbers

No.
Player
Position
Tenure

6 1
Fans ("The Sixth Man")
—
1989–present

text: Notes:

text: 1 The number was unretired in the 2001–02 season for Patrick Ewing.

text: Basketball Hall of Famers[edit]

text:
Orlando Magic Hall of Famers

Players

No.
Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted

21
Dominique Wilkins
F
1999
2006

6
Patrick Ewing 1
C
2001–2002
2008

32
Shaquille O'Neal
C
1992–1996
2016

1
Tracy McGrady
G
2000–2004
2017

Coaches

Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted

Chuck Daly 2
Head coach
1997–1999
1994

text: Notes:

text:
1 In total, Ewing was inducted into the Hall of Fame twice – as player and as a member of the 1992 Olympic team.
2 In total, Daly was inducted into the Hall of Fame twice – as coach and as a member of the 1992 Olympic team

text: Orlando Magic Hall of Fame[edit]

text: In 2014, the Orlando Magic launched the team's Hall of Fame, which honors players, coaches and executives who have had a major impact for the team.[111][112]

text:
Orlando Magic Hall of Fame

Players

No.
Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted

25
Nick Anderson
G
1989–1999
2014[113]

32
Shaquille O'Neal
C
1992–1996
2015[114]

1
Penny Hardaway
G
1993–1999
2017[115]

Staff

Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted

Pat Williams
Co-founder
1988–present
2014[113]

Richard DeVos
Owner
1991–present
2016[116]

Jimmy Hewitt
Founder
—
2017

text: Head coaches[edit]

text: Season-by-season records[edit]

text: Rivalries[edit]

text: Miami Heat[edit]

text: The Orlando Magic and the Miami Heat had a rivalry based on the fact that the two franchises altogether were based in Florida in separate locations, known as the Sunshine State rivalry. Another ingredient to the rivalry was the high-caliber players on both teams such as Orlando's Shaquille O'Neal and Penny Hardaway, and Miami's Alonzo Mourning and Tim Hardaway. The two had met each other in the NBA playoffs for the first time in 1997, with Miami beating Orlando 3–2; they have not met in the corresponding playoffs ever since so far.

text: The rivalry had intensified in the past decade with the rising stardom of Dwyane Wade and Dwight Howard, along with Miami acquiring high-caliber stars such LeBron James from the Cavaliers and Chris Bosh from the Toronto Raptors and in 2010, resulting in fierce competition between the two.

text: Recently, when Dwight Howard departed from the Magic to the Los Angeles Lakers in August 2012, the rivalry has since softened as the Orlando Magic underwent a continuing process of rebuilding; however, competition still remains tense.

text: Atlanta Hawks[edit]

text: The Atlanta Hawks and the Orlando Magic had an intense rivalry, mostly stemming from playoff competitions and the rising stardom of Dwight Howard and Josh Smith, both from the 2004 NBA draft and who were both raised in Georgia.

text: The two teams faced each other twice in the 2010 and 2011 NBA playoffs. The Magic had swept the Hawks in the second round of the 2010 playoffs and the Hawks eliminated the Magic 4–2 in the first round of the corresponding 2011 playoffs.

text: Media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: The current television announce team for the Orlando Magic is play-by-play announcer David Steele and color analyst Jeff Turner. Turner played for the Magic from its inaugural 1989 season to 1996. Paul Kennedy and Dante Marchetelli serve as courtside reporters, while Marchetelli, former coach Brian Hill, and former Magic player Nick Anderson host the pre-game, halftime and post-game shows. Television broadcasts were split in 2007–08 between Fox Sports Florida and Sun Sports (now Fox Sports Sun). In the 18 years before then, broadcasts were split between Sun Sports (formerly known as the Sunshine Network) and local television stations, originally WKCF and, later, WRBW.

text: There was a controversy with moving broadcasts to Fox Sports Florida since Orlando's largest cable TV provider, Bright House Networks, did not carry the network. Pressure increased for the cable provider to pick up FS Florida in time for the 2007–08 NBA season but this did not happen. The Magic persisted with airing games on FS Florida into the 2008–09 season despite Bright House's refusal to pick up the channel in all of its affiliates. Recently, Bright House and FS Florida came to an agreement on January 1, 2009 and have begun airing the channel as part of its standard cable package. However, Bright House airs the channel using a digital signal that only allows customers who own the Digital cable box to receive the channel. The customers do not have to pay any additional costs to get the channel with their Digital cable box.

text: As of the 2012–13 season, all Magic games are now on Fox Sports Florida.

text: Radio[edit]

text: The current radio announce team for the Orlando Magic is play-by-play announcer Dennis Neumann and color analyst Richie Adubato, another former Magic head coach. Games are produced by Magic Radio Network flagship AM 580 WDBO in Orlando, and also broadcast on AM 1380 WELE in Daytona Beach, 99.5 FM WGMW "The Star" in Gainesville and Ocala, AM 1290 WPCF in Panama City, AM 1590 WPSL in Port St. Lucie and AM 1450 WSTU in Stuart. The affiliate in Tallahassee is AM 1270 "My 94.3" WTLY. The immediate Tampa Bay area has no affiliate although AM 1340 in Clearwater WTAN is listed on the team's website.

text: The flagship broadcast was simulcast on WDBO-FM during the 2011–12 NBA season while that station moved from AM to FM. When WDBO-AM re-formatted from talk radio to sports radio, it retained the flagship status. However, WDBO-FM still simulcasts Magic games in Central Florida.

text: Joey Colon and Ramón Rivas do Spanish-language commentary on AM 1030 WONQ "La Grande" in Orlando.

text: Podcasts[edit]

text: The official Orlando Magic website features a collection of podcasts available on iTunes, including "Magic Overtime with Dante and Galante".

text: Leaders[edit]

text: Franchise leaders[edit]

text: Bold denotes still active with team.

text: Italic denotes still active but not with team. Points scored (regular season) (as of the end of the 2016–17 season)[117]

text:
Dwight Howard (11,435)
Nick Anderson (10,650)
Tracy McGrady (8,298)
Jameer Nelson (8,184)
Shaquille O'Neal (8,019)
Hedo Turkoglu (7,216)
Anfernee Hardaway (7,018)
Dennis Scott (6,603)
Darrell Armstrong (5,898)
Nikola Vucevic (5,524)
Scott Skiles (4,966)
Horace Grant (4,638)
Rashard Lewis (4,194)
Pat Garrity (3,800)
J. J. Redick (3,662)
Victor Oladipo (3,551)
Terry Catledge (3,433)
Grant Hill (3,280)
Tobias Harris (3,193)
Evan Fournier (3,078)

text: Other statistics (regular season) (as of April 18, 2017)[117]

text:
Most minutes played

Player
Minutes

Dwight Howard
22,471

Nick Anderson
22,440

Jameer Nelson
19,038

Hedo Turkoglu
16,233

Darrell Armstrong
14,234

Horace Grant
14,233

Anfernee Hardaway
13,721

Dennis Scott
13,692

Scott Skiles
11,940

Tracy McGrady
11,628

text:
Most rebounds

Player
Rebounds

Dwight Howard
8,072

Nikola Vucevic
3,708

Shaquille O'Neal
3,691

Nick Anderson
3,667

Horace Grant
3,353

Hedo Turkoglu
2,221

Bo Outlaw
2,160

Tracy McGrady
2,067

Jameer Nelson
2,038

Anfernee Hardaway
1,752

text:
Most assists

Player
Assists

Jameer Nelson
3,501

Scott Skiles
2,776

Darrell Armstrong
2,555

Anfernee Hardaway
2,343

Nick Anderson
1,937

Hedo Turkoglu
1,927

Tracy McGrady
1,533

Elfrid Payton
1,530

Brian Shaw
1,061

Dennis Scott
1,034

text:
Most steals

Player
Steals

Nick Anderson
1,004

Darrell Armstrong
830

Anfernee Hardaway
718

Dwight Howard
626

Jameer Nelson
619

Tracy McGrady
452

Dennis Scott
429

Horace Grant
426

Hedo Turkoglu
425

Bo Outlaw
401

text:
Most blocks

Player
Blocks

Dwight Howard
1,344

Shaquille O'Neal
824

Bo Outlaw
536

Horace Grant
415

Nick Anderson
338

Nikola Vucevic
324

Tracy McGrady
292

Tony Battie
205

Darko Milicic
202

Anfernee Hardaway
191

text:
Most three-pointers made

Player
3-pointers made

Dennis Scott
981

Nick Anderson
900

Jameer Nelson
874

Hedo Turkoglu
794

Rashard Lewis
658

Darrell Armstrong
654

Pat Garrity
624

J.J. Redick
549

Tracy McGrady
509

Scott Skiles
384

text: Individual records[edit]

text:
Most points in one game with 62 (Tracy McGrady on March 10, 2004 vs. Washington Wizards)
Most points in one half with 37 in the first half (Tracy McGrady on March 9, 2003 vs. Denver Nuggets)
Most points in one quarter with 25 in the second quarter (Tracy McGrady on March 9, 2003 vs. Denver Nuggets)
Most free throws made in one game with 21 (Dwight Howard on January 12, 2012 vs. Golden State Warriors
Most free throws attempted in one game with 39 (Dwight Howard on January 12, 2012 vs. Golden State Warriors) ***NBA Record
Most points in a playoff game with 46 (Dwight Howard in Game 1 of 2011 Eastern Conference playoffs, First round vs. Atlanta Hawks and Tracy McGrady in Game 2 of the 2003 Eastern Conference playoffs, First round vs. Detroit Pistons)
Most assist made in one game with 30 (Scott Skiles on December 30, 1990 vs. Denver Nuggets) ***NBA Record
Most rebounds in one game with 29 (Nikola Vučević on December 31, 2012 vs. Miami Heat)

text: Awards and accomplishments[edit]

text: Individual awards[edit]

text: NBA Defensive Player of the Year

text: Dwight Howard – 2009, 2010, 2011

text: NBA Rookie of the Year

text:
Shaquille O'Neal – 1993
Mike Miller – 2001

text: NBA Sixth Man of the Year

text: Darrell Armstrong – 1999

text: NBA Sportsmanship Award

text: Grant Hill – 2005

text: NBA Most Improved Player of the Year

text:
Scott Skiles – 1991
Darrell Armstrong – 1999
Tracy McGrady – 2001
Hedo Türkoğlu – 2008
Ryan Anderson – 2012

text: NBA Coach of the Year

text: Doc Rivers – 2000

text: NBA Executive of the Year

text: John Gabriel – 2000

text: NBA scoring champion

text:
Shaquille O'Neal – 1995
Tracy McGrady – 2003, 2004

text: All-NBA First Team

text:
Anfernee Hardaway – 1995, 1996
Tracy McGrady – 2002, 2003
Dwight Howard – 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012

text: All-NBA Second Team

text:
Shaquille O'Neal – 1995
Tracy McGrady – 2001, 2004

text: All-NBA Third Team

text:
Shaquille O'Neal – 1994, 1996
Anfernee Hardaway – 1997
Dwight Howard – 2007

text: NBA All-Defensive First Team

text: Dwight Howard – 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012

text: NBA All-Defensive Second Team

text:
Horace Grant – 1995, 1996
Dwight Howard – 2008

text: NBA All-Rookie First Team

text:
Dennis Scott – 1991
Shaquille O'Neal – 1993
Anfernee Hardaway – 1994
Matt Harpring – 1999
Mike Miller – 2001
Drew Gooden – 2003
Dwight Howard – 2005
Victor Oladipo – 2014
Elfrid Payton – 2015

text: NBA All-Rookie Second Team

text:
Stanley Roberts – 1992
Michael Doleac – 1999
Chucky Atkins – 2000
Gordan Giriček – 2003
Jameer Nelson – 2005

text: NBA All-Star Weekend[edit]

text: NBA All-Star Team

text:
Shaquille O'Neal – 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
Anfernee Hardaway – 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998
Tracy McGrady – 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
Grant Hill – 2001, 2005
Rashard Lewis – 2009
Jameer Nelson – 2009
Dwight Howard – 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012

text: NBA All-Star Game Eastern head coaches

text:
Brian Hill – 1995
Stan Van Gundy – 2009

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: Butterfly count

question_text: when does the north american butterfly association count butterflies in the u. s. each year

root

text: Butterfly count

text: Sponsors[edit]

text: Professional, universities, clubs, elementary and secondary schools, other educational providers, nature preserves, parks and amateur organizations can organize a count. The participants often receive training to help them identify the butterfly species. The North American Butterfly Association has organized over 400 counts in 2014.[2]

tag: p

text: Types of butterfly counts[edit]

text: There are several methods for counting butterflies currently in use, with the notable division being between restricted and open searches.  Most counts are designed to count all butterflies observed in a locality.

text: Counts may be targeted at single species and, in some cases, butterflies are observed and counted as they move from one area to another. A heavily researched example of butterfly migration is the annual migration of monarch butterflies in North America.[3] Some programs will tag butterflies to trace their migration routes, but these are migratory programs and not butterfly counts.  Butterfly counts are sometimes done where there is a concentration (a roost) of a species of butterflies in an area.  One example of this is the winter count of western monarch butterflies as they roost together at sites in California, northern Mexico and Arizona.[4]

text: Restricted searches: transects[edit]

text: Frequently referred to as "Pollard Transects" or "Pollard Walks" in North America,[5] a transect is a protocol designed to standardize the recording of butterfly observations, the initial format was outlined by Ernie Pollard in 1977.[6]  The transect protocol involves one observer walking a fixed path at a constant pace, multiple times in a season.  Butterflies are counted when they are seen within a prescribed distance from the path, often 2.5 meters on either side of the path, and only when the butterflies are seen in front of, or above, the observer (i.e., no backtracking).   A second person may work with the observer to identify and/or photograph insects spotted by the observer.  Transects should not change from year to year and ideally should sample a variety of habitats.[7][8]

text: Examples of long-running restricted searches are Art Shapiro's Butterfly Project in the US (started in 1972),[9] and the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (started in 1976).[10]

text: Open searches[edit]

text: Open searches, also sometimes referred to as "checklist searches", are intended to focus on the presence and abundance of butterflies in a given area.  They can be single events such as the North American Butterfly Association's July 1 and July 4 counts in Canada and the U.S. respectively, or they can be regular or ad hoc counts conducted by individuals or groups.  The lack of formal structure makes them suitable for many citizen science programs.

text: In terms of the relative outcomes or the efficacy of open vs. restricted searches, studies have shown that open searches are more likely to find a greater number of species in a given area.[11][12] Royer, et al. note that one reason for this is that during an open search, the "observer is free to search out places where butterflies typically would breed or congregate" rather than follow the fixed path of a transect.[5]

text: Simplified butterfly assessments[edit]

text: To promote the broad public participation in butterfly monitoring, researcher from Austria propose to combine a simplified assessment scheme on group level executed by laypeople, with detailed assessments from butterfly experts. To evaluate their approach they compared data collected by pupils with independent assessments of professional butterfly experts. Beside some identification uncertainties data collected by trained and supervised pupils were successfully used to predict the general habitat quality for butterflies[13].

text: Opportunistic sightings[edit]

text: Opportunistic  or incidental sightings are a butterfly sightings that are not part of a formal count.  Observers may note signal butterflies or multiple species.[14]  An example of an opportunistic sighting is observing a butterfly in garden and reporting it.

text: Atlas projects[edit]

text:
Described as a "special type of open search", atlas projects are generally targeted at a specific geographical area such as a province or state.[14]  The goal is to assess the presence or absence of species, usually over a multi-year period. Each atlas program will design its own data requirements but as they are measuring abundance and presence, they tend to accept data from transects, counts and opportunistic sightings to build a database. The longest running atlas program in North America is the Ontario Butterfly Atlas Online, which is supported by the Toronto Entomologists' Association and began collecting data in 1969.
[15][16]

text: Bait stations[edit]

text: Transects and open searches are not as comprehensive in tropical locations due to issues such as density of flora and the heigh of the forest canopy.  A count system using bait stations with fermenting fruit has been used to assess specific populations.[17]

text: Quantifying observations[edit]

text: Participants are encouraged to employ a number of techniques to quantify large aggregations by making estimates of butterflies:

text:
concentrated along linear features
concentrated in an area of uniform habitat
concentrated on certain plants
butterflies in flight[18]

tag: ul

text:
The number of butterflies can be estimated by the area size they inhabit, for example, in the overwintering population present in Mexico the population expressed in hectares.[19]
Butterflies can be counted in their egg, larvae and instar number.

text: Butterflies are sometimes captured, tagged and recovered.  The number of tags recovered in a specific area is used to determine population size and direction of flight.[20]


document_title: List of Pittsburgh Steelers seasons

question_text: when was the last time the steelers missed the playoffs

text: List of Pittsburgh Steelers seasons

text: The Pittsburgh Steelers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in 1933, the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC; seven franchises in the National Football Conference (NFC) have longer tenures in the NFL. The team struggled to be competitive in its early history, posting winning records in just 8 of its first 39 seasons. Since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, however, it has appeared in eight Super Bowls and is the only team to have won the Super Bowl six times. The six championships place the Steelers fourth in the league in terms of total championships (including those prior to the first Super Bowl), trailing only the Green Bay Packers (13 championships), the Chicago Bears (9) and the New York Giants (8).[1] The club's 15 AFC Championship Game appearances are second all-time, behind the Patriots (16). In addition, they have hosted the second-most conference championship games (11) than any franchise in either conference, and are tied for second with the Dallas Cowboys and Denver Broncos with eight Super Bowl appearances; the Patriots currently hold the record of ten appearances, as of 2018.

text: From 1974 to 1979 the franchise became the first NFL franchise to win four Super Bowl titles in six seasons, a feat which is yet to be matched. The 2005 team was the first sixth-seeded team to advance to a conference championship game since the playoff field was expanded to 12 teams in 1990; the same team also became the first sixth-seed to win the Super Bowl. The Steelers are 6–2 in Super Bowls, winning Super Bowl IX, Super Bowl X, Super Bowl XIII, Super Bowl XIV, Super Bowl XL, Super Bowl XLIII and losing Super Bowl XXX and Super Bowl XLV.

text: As of the start of the 2017 season, the Steelers franchise are second all-time in playoff appearances, with 30, which is the most among active AFC franchises, as well as the most since the official start of the NFL-AFL merger in 1970. The Giants, Cowboys, and Packers are all tied for first all-time in playoff appearances, with 32 each.

text:
Key to color-coding of list of seasons table

NFL Champions (1920–1969)
Super Bowl Champions (1970–present)
Conference Champions
Division Champions
Wild Card Berth
One-Game Playoff Berth

tag: table

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season
Postseason results
Awards

Finish
Won
Lost
Ties
Pct[1]

Pittsburgh Pirates

1933
1933
NFL

East
5th
3
6
2
.364

1934
1934
NFL

East
5th
2
10
0
.167

1935
1935
NFL

East
3rd
4
8
0
.333

1936
1936
NFL

East
2nd
6
6
0
.500

1937
1937
NFL

East
3rd
4
7
0
.364

1938
1938
NFL

East
5th
2
9
0
.182

1939
1939
NFL

East
4th[T]
1
9
1
.136

Pittsburgh Steelers

1940
1940
NFL

East
4th
2
7
2
.273

1941
1941
NFL

East
5th
1
9
1
.136

1942
1942
NFL

East
2nd
7
4
0
.636

Steagles[2]

1943
1943
NFL

East
3rd
5
4
1
.550

Card-Pitt[3]

1944
1944
NFL

East
5th
0
10
0
.000

Pittsburgh Steelers

1945
1945
NFL

East
5th
2
8
0
.200

1946
1946
NFL

East
3rd[T]
5
5
1
.500

Bill Dudley – Joe F. Carr Trophy (MVP)

1947
1947
NFL

East
2nd
8
4
0
.667
Lost Eastern Divisional Playoff (Eagles) 21–0

1948
1948
NFL

East
3rd[T]
4
8
0
.333

1949
1949
NFL

East
2nd
6
5
1
.542

1950
1950
NFL
American

3rd[T]
6
6
0
.500

1951
1951
NFL
American

4th
4
7
1
.375

1952
1952
NFL
American

4th
5
7
0
.417

1953
1953
NFL
Eastern

4th
6
6
0
.500

1954
1954
NFL
Eastern

4th
5
7
0
.417

1955
1955
NFL
Eastern

6th
4
8
0
.346

1956
1956
NFL
Eastern

4th[T]
5
7
0
.500

1957
1957
NFL
Eastern

3rd
6
6
0
.500

1958
1958
NFL
Eastern

3rd
7
4
1
.625

1959
1959
NFL
Eastern

4th
6
5
1
.542

1960
1960
NFL
Eastern

5th
5
6
1
.458

1961
1961
NFL
Eastern

5th
6
8
0
.429

1962
1962
NFL
Eastern

2nd
9
5
0
.643
Lost Playoff Bowl (Lions) 17–10 exhibition gm[2]

1963
1963
NFL
Eastern

4th
7
4
3
.607

1964
1964
NFL
Eastern

6th
5
9
0
.357

1965
1965
NFL
Eastern

7th
2
12
0
.143

1966
1966
NFL
Eastern

6th
5
8
1
.393

1967
1967
NFL
Eastern
Century
4th
4
9
1
.321

1968
1968
NFL
Eastern
Century
4th
2
11
1
.179

1969
1969
NFL
Eastern
Century
4th
1
13
0
.071

Joe Greene – Defensive Rookie of the Year

1970
1970
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
5
9
0
.357

1971
1971
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
6
8
0
.429

1972
1972
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
3
0
.786
Won Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 13–7
Lost Conference Championship (Dolphins) 21–17
Chuck Noll – AFC Coach of the Year
Franco Harris Offensive Rookie of the Year
Joe Greene – Defensive Player of the Year
Franco Harris – AFC Offensive Rookie of the Year

1973
1973
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
10
4
0
.714
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 33–14

1974
1974
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
3
1
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Bills) 32–14
Won Conference Championship (Raiders) 24–13
Won Super Bowl IX (1) (Vikings) 16–6
Jack Lambert – Defensive Rookie of the Year
Joe Greene – Defensive Player of the Year
Franco Harris – Super Bowl MVP

1975
1975
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
12
2
0
.857
Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 28–10
Won Conference Championship (Raiders) 16–10
Won Super Bowl X (2) (Cowboys) 21–17
Mel Blount – Defensive Player of the Year
Lynn Swann – Super Bowl MVP

1976
1976
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
4
0
.714
Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 40–14
Lost Conference Championship (Raiders) 24–7
Jack Lambert – Defensive Player of the Year
Jack Lambert – AFC Defensive Player of the Year

1977
1977
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
9
5
0
.643
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Broncos) 34–21

1978
1978
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
14
2
0
.875
Won Divisional Playoffs (Broncos) 33–10
Won Conference Championship (Oilers) 34–5
Won Super Bowl XIII (3) (Cowboys) 35–31
Terry Bradshaw – MVP
Terry Bradshaw – Super Bowl MVP
Terry Bradshaw – Bert Bell MVP

1979
1979
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Dolphins) 34–14
Won Conference Championship (Oilers) 27–13
Won Super Bowl XIV (4) (Rams) 31–19
Jack Lambert – AFC Defensive Player of the Year
Terry Bradshaw – Super Bowl MVP

1980
1980
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
9
7
0
.563

1981
1981
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
8
8
0
.500

1982
1982
NFL
AFC
Central
4th[T][3]
6
3
0
.667
Lost First Round (Chargers) 31–28

1983
1983
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
6
0
.625
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 38–10

1984
1984
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
9
7
0
.563
Won Divisional Playoffs (Broncos) 24–17
Lost Conference Championship (Dolphins) 45–28
Louis Lipps – Offensive Rookie of the Year
John Stallworth – Comeback Player of the Year

1985
1985
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
9
0
.438

1986
1986
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
6
10
0
.375

1987
1987
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
8
7
0
.533

1988
1988
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
5
11
0
.313

1989
1989
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
9
7
0
.563
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Oilers) 26–23
Lost Divisional playoff (Broncos) 24–23
Chuck Noll – Maxwell Football Club Coach of the Year

1990
1990
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
9
7
0
.563

1991
1991
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
7
9
0
.438

1992
1992
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
5
0
.688
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Bills) 24–3
Bill Cowher – NFL Coach of the Year
Barry Foster – AFC Offensive Player of the Year

1993
1993
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
9
7
0
.563
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Chiefs) 27–24 (OT)
Rod Woodson – Defensive Player of the Year

1994
1994
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Browns) 29–9
Lost Conference Championship (Chargers) 17–13
Greg Lloyd – AFC Defensive Player of the Year

1995
1995
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
5
0
.688
Won Divisional Playoffs (Bills) 40–21
Won Conference Championship (Colts) 20–16
Lost Super Bowl XXX (Cowboys) 27–17

1996
1996
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
6
0
.625
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Colts) 42–14
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Patriots) 28–3
Jerome Bettis – Comeback Player of the Year

1997
1997
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
5
0
.688
Won Divisional Playoffs (Patriots) 7–6
Lost Conference Championship (Broncos) 24–21

1998
1998
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
9
0
.438

1999
1999
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
6
10
0
.375

2000
2000
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
9
7
0
.563

2001
2001
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
13
3
0
.813
Won Divisional Playoffs (Ravens) 27–10
Lost Conference Championship (Patriots) 24–17
Kendrell Bell – Defensive Rookie of the Year

2002
2002
NFL
AFC
North
1st
10
5
1
.656
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Browns) 36–33
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Titans) 34–31
Tommy Maddox – Comeback Player of the Year

2003
2003
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
6
10
0
.375

2004
2004
NFL
AFC
North
1st
15
1
0
.938
Won Divisional Playoffs (Jets) 20–17
Lost Conference Championship (Patriots) 41–27
Bill Cowher – Sporting News Coach of the Year
Ben Roethlisberger – Offensive Rookie of the Year

2005
2005
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
11
5
0
.688
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Bengals) 31–17
Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 21–18
Won Conference Championship (Broncos) 34–17
Won Super Bowl XL (5) (Seahawks) 21–10
Hines Ward – Super Bowl MVP

2006
2006
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
8
8
0
.500

2007
2007
NFL
AFC
North
1st
10
6
0
.625
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Jaguars) 31–29

2008
2008
NFL
AFC
North
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Chargers) 35–24
Won Conference Championship (Ravens) 23–14
Won Super Bowl XLIII (6) (Cardinals) 27–23
James Harrison – Defensive Player of the Year[4]
Santonio Holmes – Super Bowl MVP
Mike Tomlin – Motorola NFL Coach of the Year[5]

2009
2009
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
9
7
0
.563

2010
2010
NFL
AFC
North
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Ravens) 31–24
Won Conference Championship (Jets) 24–19
Lost Super Bowl XLV (Packers) 31–25
Troy Polamalu – Defensive Player of the Year

2011
2011
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
12
4
0
.750
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Broncos) 29–23 (OT)

2012
2012
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
8
8
0
.500

2013
2013
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
8
8
0
.500

2014
2014
NFL
AFC
North
1st
11
5
0
.688
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Ravens) 30–17

2015
2015
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
10
6
0
.625
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Bengals) 18–16
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Broncos) 23–16

2016
2016
NFL
AFC
North
1st
11
5
0
.688
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Dolphins) 30–12
Won Divisional Playoffs (Chiefs) 18–16
Lost Conference Championship (Patriots) 36–17

2017
2017
NFL
AFC
North
1st
13
3
0
.813
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Jaguars) 42–45

Totals
Regular season:
619
552
21
.528
1933–2017, regular season only

Playoff:
36
25
0
.590
1933–2017, playoffs only

Overall:
655
577
21
.531
1933–2017, regular season and playoff games

text: Notes:

text:
American football portal
Pittsburgh portal


document_title: Tommy Oliver

question_text: where did the green power ranger come from

text: Tommy Oliver

text: Fictional character history[edit]

text: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers[edit]

text: As the Green Ranger[edit]

text: Tommy Oliver is first introduced in the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers five-part episode "Green with Evil" as a new student at Angel Grove High School. Unlike other Power Rangers, his outfit includes a golden shield armor, two golden armbands, triangles instead of diamonds on the gloves and boots, and the belt buckle is golden instead of silver. After he spars with Jason Lee Scott (Red Power Ranger) in a martial arts tournament, they begin to develop a friendship, and he catches the eye of both Kimberly Hart (Pink Power Ranger) and the evil witch Rita Repulsa. Rita decides to enchant Tommy to be her loyal servant, granting him the Dragon Power Coin to give him the power to transform into the Green Power Ranger, possessing the Dragon Shield, which makes him stronger than the other Power Rangers, and armed with the Dragon Dagger and the Sword of Darkness. She orders him to destroy the Power Rangers and their guardian Zordon so she may be able to conquer the Earth unopposed.[6][7] He succeeds in his mission, dispatching of Zordon, destroying the Power Rangers' Command Center, and infecting the robot Alpha 5 with a computer virus, leaving the Rangers defenseless against attacks, but they are still able to ward him off with the Megazord. With the return of Goldar's wife Scorpina, the two wreak havoc in Angel Grove, leading the Power Rangers to use the Megazord once more, only to be attacked by Goldar, Scorpina, and the Green Ranger at once, putting the Megazord out of commission when it is thrown into the Earth's core. After this battle, the Power Rangers discover that their foe is none other than their classmate Tommy. After Tommy escapes, he uses the Dragon Dagger to summon the Dragonzord to attack the city. Zordon is revived and reveals the Power Rangers' Dinozords have been restored by the Earth's lava, allowing them to counter the Dragonzord's attack. The Red Ranger is then able to battle the Green Ranger one-on-one, and destroys the Sword of Darkness, freeing Tommy from Rita's spell. Zordon then offers Tommy a part on the team to atone for his misdeeds, and he agrees.

text: During his time with the group, Tommy recognizes Kimberly's feelings, having broken her heart while he was under Rita's spell, and he now begins to show affections for her. However, Rita's plan to use the evil Green Candle to get revenge on Tommy for leaving her employ, weakening Tommy, just as Kimberly returns his affections. Tommy is captured by Goldar and kept imprisoned in the Dark Dimension as the Green Candle burns down, draining him of his strength, due to the fact that Tommy's presence within the proximity of the Candle accelerates the Candle's burning process. Tommy is ultimately freed, but not before the Green Candle burns through completely. His powers nearly gone, after using them in one final battle with a powerful monster, he decides to give the Dragon Coin to Jason, permanently preventing Rita from attaining its power once more while allowing Jason to use Tommy's weapons and the Dragonzord. Tommy then leaves Angel Grove to recover from the endeavour.

text: After Rita kidnaps all of the parents of the students of Angel Grove High School, the Power Rangers are forced to pay her ransom with their Power Coins, preventing them from using their powers. When they are double-crossed, and Rita acquires the Dragon Dagger by enchanting Billy Cranston, all seems hopeless, but Jason reveals he still has the Dragon Power Coin. The group finds Tommy once more, and with help from Zordon, Tommy is able to morph into the Green Ranger and retrieve the Power Coins and Dragon Dagger. However, his powers are now unstable and he requires constant energy boosts from Zordon in order to maintain his place as the Green Ranger. With the arrival of the evil Lord Zedd in season 2, the other Power Rangers are given new Thunderzords to battle his stronger monsters, but because of Tommy's unstable power reserves, the Dragonzord cannot be empowered into a new form. With this knowledge in mind, Lord Zedd sends several energy draining monsters to steal the Green Ranger's powers to the point where Zordon can no longer safely maintain himself and the Green Ranger. This culminates in the attack of the monster Turbanshell, who drains Tommy of his Green Ranger powers, trapping everyone in the Otherworld dimension, while charging the Dark Crystal to power Lord Zedd's evil Dark Rangers to attack the Earth. Tommy uses the last of his powers to destroy the Dark Crystal, ending the reign of terror of the Dark Rangers and allowing the others to defeat Turbanshell. With his powers gone once again, Tommy leaves Angel Grove, again, spending time at his uncle's lakeside cabin.

text: As the White Ranger[edit]

text: In season 2's two-part "White Light" saga, Lord Zedd sends his monsters Nimrod, A.C., and D.C. to attack, who easily overpower the Power Rangers, leading Zordon and Alpha to come up with a plan to recruit a new Ranger. Initially the teens are put off at the idea of a newcomer out of their loyalty to Tommy, but are thrilled once they discover that it is actually Tommy himself, who has now become the new White Power Ranger with his powers created by the Light of Goodness, which are unable to be stolen by the forces of evil.[8] Unlike other Power Rangers, his costume includes a black and golden shield armor as well as golden bands instead of the diamond shapes on the gloves and chest and the mouthpiece on his helmet lacks sculpted lips. After being installed as the team's new leader, Tommy goes into battle using his new powers to defeat the monsters, including summoning the Tigerzord with his talking saber Saba. His strength is superior to the rest of the Rangers, and is often shown being able to overwhelm Goldar, Scorpina, and the Z Putties with remarkable ease.[9] Tommy then meets Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park and Aisha Campbell as they were trying to save a baby who belongs to their teacher. After Rocky, Adam and Aisha discover Tommy's identity as the White Ranger while Tommy and Kimberly were trying to save Billy by removing his helmet, Jason, Zack and Trini were called to the peace conference in Switzerland as Tommy transfers their powers to Rocky, Adam and Aisha and allows them to join the team. Tommy later contends with a clone of his named "Tom", created and controlled by Lord Zedd's Wizard of Deception, who is given the powers of the Green Ranger, restored by using portion of the White Ranger's powers. With his worst fear from his past brought to life in front of him, Tommy battles Tom, initially seeks to destroy his clone under distress but he later recognizes that Tom is actually not evil but under the Wizard's spell as he was under Rita's, and then fights to save him. After the Wizard of Deception is destroyed during a series of battles that sends everyone back to the colonial era, Tom is freed from the spell and given free will. Tommy persuades his clone to fight to save people, and Tom decides to remain in the past to protect colonial Angel Grove despite Tommy offering Tom to join the Power Rangers, while the others return to the present time. Tom also keeps the Green Ranger powers.

text: In season 3, Rita's brother Rito Revolto comes to Earth and manages to destroy the Rangers Zords and Power Coins. After the group seeks out the Power Coins creator Ninjor, he grants the team new Ninja Power Coins, and Tommy as the White Ninja Ranger receives the Falcon Power Coin and the new Falconzord. Later, Tommy meets Kat Hillard, who has been enchanted by Rita into serving her, resulting in Kimberly's powers being stolen as well as the Falconzord. When Kimberly is kidnapped by Kat and Goldar, the Power Rangers are forced by Lord Zedd to use the Shogunzords to destroy the Earth or Kimberly will be harmed. While Billy manages to take control of the Zords away from Zedd, Tommy saves Kimberly and Kat by freeing her from Rita's spell. When Kimberly is given the option to train for the Pan Global Games, she decides to give her powers to Kat, and she and Tommy keep a long-distance relationship. He and Kat also developed a closed friendship due to their similar experiences with Rita; however, he is unaware that Kat is in love with him. The Falconzord is ultimately retrieved in time for Rita and Rito's father Master Vile's arrival on Earth, and the Rangers are able to use their new Metallic Armor to battle him. It is during this time that Tommy is tasked with retrieving the Zeo Crystal from beneath Rita and Zedd's palace, as only a being of pure heart can pass through its force field and survive. Tommy manages to traverse the Caves of Deception to find the Zeo Crystal, and the team uses their powers to split it into five pieces and send it to different parts of history so Master Vile can never use its powers to harm the Earth.

text: Alien / Zeo / Turbo[edit]

text: In the events of Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers, Tommy, the other Power Rangers, and all of Angel Grove are sent back in time by Master Vile's Orb of Doom, reverting the Power Rangers to children. While the Aquitian Rangers protect the Earth from Master Vile's monsters, Billy manages to create a device to restore them to their original age, using their six Ninja Power Coins to power it. Billy is restored to his original age, but the machine is stolen by Rito and Goldar, and Rita and Zedd destroy the Ninja Power Coins. The five child Power Rangers are sent through time to retrieve the pieces of the Zeo Crystal. Tommy is sent to a point in the past on Native American land, where he meets Sam Trueheart who leads him to a test where he must find the Red Sub-Crystal amongst two fakes. After succeeding, Tommy returns to the present time, but not before Sam gives him half of an arrowhead pendant.

text: As the Red Zeo Ranger V[edit]

text: During Power Rangers Zeo, time is restored to normal and Tommy, with Kat, Rocky, Adam, and new friend Tanya Sloan replacing Aisha Campbell who chose to stay in Africa, is given the powers of the Zeo Crystal and the Zeo Rangers protect the Earth from the Machine Empire. Tommy remains the team's leader and is assigned to be the Red Zeo Ranger V. Later, Kimberly, while she is living in Paris for the Pan Global Games, sends Tommy a Dear John Letter, ending their relationship. Kat attempts to find a new girlfriend for Tommy despite her feelings for him, but their duties as Power Rangers prevent any relationship from blossoming. Ultimately, Tommy and Kat begin dating. A holiday special during the season shows an elderly Tommy and Kat entertaining their granddaughter, and their teenaged grandson, who is hinted to be a Power Ranger. When the Zeo Megazord is heavily damaged, Tommy is given the Red Battlezord to control with his mind. Unable to control his emotions to use the Red Battlezord, Tommy goes on a spiritual journey to find peace of mind, and meets up with his long-lost twin brother David Truehart (portrayed by Jason David Frank's real brother Eric Frank). He too possesses half of an arrowhead pendant, and he reveals to Tommy that if the two halves are joined the holder could use the spirits trapped within them to control a darkness powerful enough to destroy the world. When David is captured by King Mondo, Tommy frees him, and under the stress of protecting his brother from the Machine Empire who will not leave as they are both in trouble, he reveals his identity as a Power Ranger to him. When the Rangers' ally Trey of Triforia can no longer sustain his Gold Ranger powers after a battle, Tommy recruits Jason, who has returned from Switzerland to be the new temporary Gold Ranger, reuniting the old friends. This proves useful when Tommy is brainwashed by the Machine Empire's Prince Gasket into thinking his friends are a threat to the world, as Jason and Kat are able to return Tommy to his senses. Jason leaves when Trey's health is restored.

text: As the Red Turbo Ranger[edit]

text: In Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie, Tommy and Kat are sent to save the wizard Lerigot from the evil Space Pirate Divatox, who plans on wedding Maligore, a powerful monster, in order to take over the world. With their Zeo Ranger powers not strong enough, Tommy, with the other Power Rangers- and new member Justin Stewart replacing Rocky DeSantos due to a recent back injury- are given new powers to morph into the Turbo Rangers, with Tommy still serving as team leader as the Red Turbo Ranger. They use their new powers to save Jason and Kimberly, who has been kidnapped by Divatox as sacrifices for Maligore, and Tommy's unsure feelings for Kimberly result in the group nearly losing and at the ending of the tournament Tommy hugs Kat.

text: In Power Rangers Turbo, as he and his friends graduate from high school, Tommy becomes interested in stock car racing. The group also deals with the Blue Senturion who has been tricked by Divatox into thinking the Rangers are evil and preventing him from telling the Rangers the Millennium Message, a warning that the forces of evil are joining together out in space. After Zordon and Alpha 5 leave the Earth to deal this threat, the team's new guardian Dimitria eventually judges that Tommy, along with Kat, Adam, and Tanya, has fulfilled their duties as defenders of the Earth. In the episode "Passing of the Torch", Divatox's mother Mama D convinces her that taking out Tommy will cause the fall of the rest of Power Rangers. Their new allies T.J. Johnson and Cassie Chan manage to help Kat fend off the Pirahantrons, and save Tommy from Divatox and Mama D's plans, resulting in Tommy (who is leaving for MIT) deciding that T.J. should be his successor as the new Red Turbo Ranger.

text: Power Rangers Wild Force[edit]

text: Five years after Tommy gave his powers to T.J., Tommy returns in the Power Rangers Wild Force episode "Forever Red", where he is shown to own a resort with Bulk and Skull. Tommy leads a team made up of former Red Power Rangers, recruiting the current Red Ranger Cole Evans to help stop remnants of the Machine Empire from resurrecting Lord Zedd's evil Zord Serpentera and attack the Earth. Tommy uses his Zeo Ranger powers to combat the enemies.

text: Power Rangers Dino Thunder[edit]

text: As the Black Dino Ranger[edit]

text: Between the events in Turbo and Power Rangers Dino Thunder, Tommy earns a PhD in paleontology at MIT. He also meets Hayley Ziktor and goes into business as partners with Terrence "Smitty" Smith and Dr. Anton Mercer, who together work on research that results in the creation of the Tyrannodrones, Raptor Riders, and the new Dinozords. A lab accident turns Mercer into the evil Mesogog, and Smitty is left for dead, until he is revived by Mesogog into the cyborg Zeltrax. It is during these events that Tommy discovers the Dino Gems, hiding them in his lab, and the location of the Shield of Triumph. While Mesogog gains control of the Tyrannodrones, Tommy keeps the Raptor Riders and Dinozords, working with Hayley to create equipment to harness the Dino Gems' powers, while he gets a job at Reefside High School as a science teacher. Three of his students who received detention—Conner McKnight, Ethan James, and Kira Ford—discover his lab and use three of the Dino Gems to become the new Dino Thunder Power Rangers.[10] Tommy mentors the group, keeping his past secret, until he discovers the monsters attacking Reefside are controlled by Mesogog. His three students soon discover the man they know as "Dr. O" was one of the previous Power Rangers, a fact that Hayley corrects them on by saying that he was one of the best. Tommy, using the powers of the Black Dino Gem, joins the group as the Black Dino Ranger, controlling the Brachiozord.[11]

text: When the White Dino Ranger appears, Tommy's dedication to saving the lives of innocents seems to give Tommy cause to show no mercy to him, even after he discovers that the White Dino Ranger is Trent Mercer. For a while, Tommy is encased in amber by the White Dino Ranger, and once freed, finds himself unable to de-morph, due to his Dino Gem and his morpher re-molecularizing. He remains in his morphed form for a while. Despite this resolve, he cannot help but feel sympathy for Trent when his students did not, reminding the others of his tenure as the evil Green Power Ranger. After seeing the power of the White Ranger Clone and the Terrorsaurus, Tommy decides that the Rangers need an upgrade. He takes Trent to the location of the Shield of Triumph, as the shield can only be freed from its resting place by the power of Trent's Dino Gem. The Shield is then used by Conner to become the Triassic Ranger, just as a prophecy Tommy had read during its discovery foretold. Tommy is later freed from his permanently morphed status by a special substance, but is rendered invisible. He decides to run an experiment to return himself to normal, but it shatters the Black Dino Gem and leaves him comatose. In his subconscious, he battles against his previous Power Ranger alter-egos: Zeo Ranger V, the White Power Ranger, and then the Green Power Ranger. After proving that he will not give up the fight for his life, his inner selves each offer him a shattered piece of his Dino Gem, restoring him to full health and allowing him to attain Super Dino Mode when morphed. During his mentoring of the Dino Thunder Rangers, Tommy notes similarities in his past in Conner, placing a lot of trust into him. His mentoring of Conner through a point where the young man doubts himself, allows Conner to overcome these feelings and gain the Battlizer. When Tommy learns that Trent has been keeping his father's identity as Mesogog secret, Tommy considers removing Trent from the team. Although he comes to terms with Trent's loyalty to his father, he asks the others if Trent should stay, and they agree when Trent saves Conner's life. In the final battles against Zeltrax and Mesogog, having been liberated from sharing a body with Anton Mercer, Tommy informs the Rangers that they must give up their powers in order to save the world. Zeltrax is destroyed with the destruction of the Dinozords, and the Rangers give up their Dino Gems to stop Mesogog for good. In the end, Tommy decides to pursue his life after Mesogog's destruction as a normal high school science teacher.

text: Subsequent seasons[edit]

text: The character of Tommy Oliver is not present during the Power Rangers S.P.D. episode "History", in which Conner, Kira, and Ethan go to their high school reunion in 2005, wondering if Tommy will arrive, only to be taken into the future by the S.P.D. Power Rangers' foe Broodwing. Tommy does return in the episode "Wormhole" when Emperor Grumm travels back in time to take over the Earth without S.P.D.'s interference, only to encounter the Dino Rangers. According to S.P.D. Red Ranger Jack Landors, Tommy's services as a Power Ranger are well known in the future. In this episode, Jason David Frank didn't reprise his role as Tommy Oliver, and as such only appears morphed. He was instead voiced by Jeffrey Parazzo, who also portrays Trent.

text: Although he doesn't appear on screen in the Power Rangers Operation Overdrive two-part episode "Once a Ranger", Kira mentions how Tommy would have enjoyed seeing the Operation Overdrive Power Rangers' base of operations, with Adam noting his incredulity that Tommy received a doctorate.

text: Legendary battle[edit]

text: Jason David Frank reprised the character of Tommy Oliver in Power Rangers Super Megaforce.[12][13] He helped a boy out of a car that was dangling off the side of a bridge using Saba, the White Ranger's sword. He then appeared alongside the other Legendary Rangers including his former teammates, again as the original Green Ranger after, at some point prior, he found the restored Dragon Power Coin, to fight alongside the Megaforce Rangers and defeat the Armada.[14]

text: Comics[edit]

text: The character also appears in the Power Rangers comic from Boom Studios.[15]

text: A villainous alternate version of Tommy from another universe known as Lord Drakkon is also featured, with his costume combining elements of Tommy's green and white Ranger suits. Drakkon also controls a unique Zord, the Black Dragon.

text: Power Rangers (2017 film)[edit]

text: While Tommy Oliver did not appear in the 2017 reboot film, Jason David Frank does have a cameo role, and Tommy Oliver is referenced in a post-credits scene, setting up his role as the Green Ranger in future sequels.[16] Frank's cameo consists of a brief appearance of him as a random citizen of Angel Grove, accompanied by Amy Jo Johnson, where he is part of a crowd gathering after the Rangers have defeated Goldar in the Megazord, and is apparently the first person to bring out his cellphone to take a picture of the Megazord. The mid-credits sequence features a teacher in charge of the weekend detention class calling for Tommy Oliver, and the camera focusing on an empty chair with a green jacket with a dragon, draped over it.[17] The cast of the film as well as Jason David Frank have expressed interest in a female version in the sequel.[18][19]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Tommy is often voted as the most popular character of the entire franchise has been criticized for perceived subtexts of racial stereotyping and American nationalism in his White Ranger incarnation.[20][21] The character was only intended to appear for one season but became so popular that Tommy became a breakout character and a season regular.[22][23][24][25]