question_text: joseph and the amazing technicolor dreamcoat 1992 canadian cast

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Act I[edit]

text: The story is based on the Biblical story of Joseph, found in the Book of Genesis. It is set in a frame in which a narrator is telling a story (sometimes to children, encouraging them to dream). She then tells the story of Joseph, another dreamer ("Prologue," "Any Dream Will Do"). In the beginning of the main story Jacob and his 12 sons are introduced ("Jacob and Sons"). Joseph's brothers are jealous of him for his coat of many colours, a symbol of their father's preference for him ("Joseph's Coat"). It is clear from Joseph's dreams that he is destined to rule over them ("Joseph's Dreams"). To get rid of him and prevent the dreams from coming true, they attempt fratricide, but then they sell Joseph as a slave to some passing Ishmaelites ("Poor, Poor Joseph"), who take him to Egypt.

text: Back home, his brothers, led by Reuben and accompanied by their wives, break the news to Jacob that Joseph has been killed. They show his tattered coat smeared with his blood – really goat blood – as proof that what they say is true ("One More Angel in Heaven"). After the bereft Jacob leaves, the brothers and their wives happily celebrate the loss of Joseph.

text: In Egypt, Joseph is the slave of Egyptian millionaire Potiphar. He rises through the ranks of slaves and servants until he is running Potiphar's house. When Mrs. Potiphar makes advances, Joseph spurns her. She removes his shirt, feels his chest and back, squeezes his rear and blows him kisses. Potiphar overhears, barges in, sees the two together – and jumps to conclusions ("Potiphar"). Outraged, he throws Joseph in jail. Depressed, Joseph laments the situation ("Close Every Door") – but his spirits rise when he helps two prisoners put in his cell. Both are former servants of the Pharaoh and both have had bizarre dreams. Joseph interprets them. One cellmate, the Baker, will be executed, but the other, the Butler, will be returned to service. Upon hearing this, the rest of the prisoners surround Joseph and encourage him to go after his dreams ("Go, Go, Go Joseph").

text: Act II[edit]

text: The Narrator tells of impending changes in Joseph's fortunes ("A Pharaoh Story") because the Pharaoh is having dreams that no one can interpret. Now freed, the Butler tells Pharaoh (acted in the style of Elvis Presley) of Joseph and his dream-interpretation skills ("Poor, Poor Pharaoh"). Pharaoh orders Joseph to be brought in and the king tells him his dream involving seven fat cows, seven skinny cows, seven healthy ears of corn, and seven dead ears of corn ("Song of the King").

text: Joseph interprets the dream as seven plentiful years of crops followed by seven years of famine ("Pharaoh's Dreams Explained"). An astonished Pharaoh puts Joseph in charge of carrying out the preparations needed to endure the impending famine, and Joseph becomes the most powerful man in Egypt, second only to Pharaoh himself ("Stone the Crows").

text: Back home, the famine has caught up with Joseph's brothers, who, led by Simeon, express regret at selling him and deceiving their father ("Those Canaan Days"). They hear that Egypt still has food and decide to go there to beg for mercy and to be fed ("The Brothers Come to Egypt"), not realising that they will be dealing with Joseph ("Grovel, Grovel"). Joseph gives them sacks of food, but plants a golden cup in the sack of his youngest brother, Benjamin. When the brothers try to leave, Joseph stops them, asking about the "stolen cup". Each brother empties his sack, and it is revealed that Benjamin has the cup. Joseph then accuses Benjamin of robbery ("Who's the Thief?"). The other brothers, led by Judah, beg for mercy for Benjamin, imploring that Joseph take them prisoner and set Benjamin free ("Benjamin Calypso").

text: Seeing their selflessness and penitence, Joseph reveals himself ("Joseph All the Time") and sends for his father. The two are reunited ("Jacob in Egypt") for a happy conclusion and Joseph dons his coloured coat once more (Any Dream Will Do (Reprise)/Give Me My Coloured Coat").

text: In some productions, the finale is followed by a rock/disco medley of most of the musical's major numbers ("Joseph Megamix").

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and early performances, publication, and recordings[edit]

text: The 17-year-old budding musical-theatre composer Andrew Lloyd Webber was introduced to the 20-year-old aspiring pop-song writer Tim Rice in 1965, and they created their first musical, The Likes of Us.[2] They produced a demo tape of that work in 1966,[3] but the project failed to gain a backer.[2]

text: In the summer of 1967 Alan Doggett, a family friend of the Lloyd Webbers who had assisted on The Likes of Us and who was the music teacher at the Colet Court school in London, commissioned Lloyd Webber and Rice to write a piece for the school's choir.[3][4][2] Doggett requested a "pop cantata" along the lines of Herbert Chappell's The Daniel Jazz (1963) and Michael Hurd's Jonah-Man Jazz (1966), both of which had been published by Novello and were based on the Old Testament.[3] The request for the new piece came with a 100-guinea advance from Novello.[3] This resulted in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, a retelling of the biblical story of Joseph, in which Lloyd Webber and Rice humorously pastiched a number of pop-music styles.

text: The piece was first presented as a 20-minute pop cantata at Colet Court School in London on 1 March 1968.[2] Lloyd Webber's composer father William arranged for a second performance at his church, Westminster Central Hall, with a revised and expanded format; the boys of Colet Court and members of the band Mixed Bag sang at this performance in May 1968.[5] One of the children's parents in that audience was the Sunday Times music critic; he reviewed the piece in the newspaper, calling it a new pop oratorio and praising its innovation and exuberance.[2][6] By its third performance, at St Paul's Cathedral in November 1968, the musical had been expanded to 35 minutes.[5]

text: Novello published the lyrics and sheet music at the beginning of 1969, as the third of their Old Testament pop cantatas.[3] Decca Records, which had already recorded the musical in the summer of 1968, released the recording in 1969, credited to the Joseph Consortium, after the Novello publication.[3][7][8][9] David Daltrey, front man of British psychedelic band Tales of Justine, played the role of Joseph and lead guitar, and Tim Rice was Pharaoh. Other vocalists included members of the Mixed Bag group, such as Terry Saunders and Malcolm Parry, and the choir of Colet Court School.[7][8][9] Daltrey, although not part of the Mixed Bag, was managed by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber at the time, and EMI colleague Martin Wilcox suggested to Rice that they use the Mixed Bag as a backing group on the album.[citation needed]

text: A recording of the musical with 19 tracks was issued in the US on Scepter Records in 1971. It was a reissue of the 1969 Decca UK album, capitalising on the success of 1970's Jesus Christ Superstar in the US. It featured Daltrey as Joseph, Rice as Pharaoh, William S. Lloyd Webber on the Hammond organ, Alan Doggett conducting, and the Colet Court choir as the chorus.[10][11]

text: Early stage performances[edit]

text: First American productions[edit]

text: Lloyd Webber and Rice used the popularity of their subsequent musical, the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar, to promote Joseph, which was advertised in America as a "follow-up" to Superstar.[12] The rock opera's title song "Superstar" had been an international hit single released in late 1969, and "I Don't Know How To Love Him", another hit from Jesus Christ Superstar, was released 1 May 1970. The first American production of Joseph was in May 1970, at Cathedral College of the Immaculate Conception in Douglaston, New York. Following this, other colleges and schools sought to produce the piece.[13]

text: Young Vic production and move to West End[edit]

text: In late August and September 1972, Joseph was presented at the Edinburgh International Festival by the Young Vic Theatre Company, directed by Frank Dunlop. It starred Gary Bond in the title role, Peter Reeves as the narrator, and Gordon Waller as Pharaoh; Alan Doggett was the music director. In October the production played at London's Young Vic Theatre, and in November at the Roundhouse. The production was part of a double bill called Bible One: Two Looks at the Book of Genesis. Part I was Dunlop's reworking of the first six of the medieval Wakefield Mystery Plays, with music by Alan Doggett. Part II was Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.[12] The Young Vic production was recorded for an LP released on the RSO label in 1972. This production was also broadcast in the UK by Granada Television in 1972.[14]

text: In February 1973, theatre producer Michael White and impresario Robert Stigwood mounted the Young Vic production at the Albery Theatre in the West End, where it ran for 243 performances.[15] The mystery plays that had preceded the original Young Vic productions were dropped, and instead the musical was preceded by a piece called Jacob's Journey, with music and lyrics by Lloyd Webber and Rice and a book by television comedy writers Ray Galton and Alan Simpson. Jacob's Journey, which contained a great deal of spoken dialogue, was eventually phased out in favour of a sung-through score that became part of Joseph. The first production of the show in its modern, final form was at the Haymarket Theatre in Leicester, which presented the musical several times from 1974 through 1978.[12][16]

text: A recording of the full musical was released on the MCA label in 1974, again featuring Bond, Reeves and Waller. This is the earliest recording of Joseph to eventually be issued on CD.[citation needed] Waller also appeared on another recording in 1979, featuring Rice as the Narrator and Paul Jones as Joseph, on the Music For Pleasure label.[citation needed]

text: In 1975 Miranda Enterprises in association with Leicester Theatre Company presented Joseph at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch. It was directed by Paul Tomlinson and choreographed by David Thornton. This production starred Patrick Ryecart as Joseph and David Sadgrove as Pharaoh.[citation needed]

text: Ken Hill directed a large-scale production of Joseph at the Westminster Theatre, London, which ran from November 1978 to February 1979, and again from November 1979 to February 1980. This production starred Paul Jones as Joseph, John Golder as the Narrator, and Leonard Whiting as Pharaoh. A recording of this production with additional narration spoken by children was broadcast on BBC radio, produced by Richard Wilcox.[citation needed]

text: Professional US productions, 1976–1984[edit]

text: The musical ran at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York in 1976 and in 1977 as "holiday fare". In the 1976 production, which opened on 30 December, direction was by John Dunlop, with a cast that featured Cleavon Little as the Narrator and David-James Carroll as Joseph.[17] In the 1977 production, running in December through 1 January 1978, staging was by Graciela Daniele, with Carroll as Joseph, Alan Weeks as the Narrator and William Parry as Pharaoh/Elvis.[18]

text: Joseph received an Off-Broadway production at the Entermedia Theatre, running from 18 November 1981 through 24 January 1982. Directed by Tony Tanner, the cast starred Bill Hutton as Joseph, Laurie Beechman as the Narrator, and Tom Carder as Pharaoh.[19][20]

text: The production transferred to Broadway at the Royale Theatre on 27 January 1982 and ran through 4 September 1983, with 747 performances.[21] This production was recorded on the Chrysalis label, and is the first to feature the Prologue (dubbed on the Chrysalis release "You are what you feel"). The producers were Gail Berman and Susan Rose, who were the youngest producers on Broadway.[22] The show received several Tony Award nominations including Best Musical and Best Original Score. Allen Fawcett replaced Hutton as Joseph in June 1982.[23] David Cassidy took over the role of Joseph in March 1983 and also performed in the touring cast in 1983–1984.[24]

text: With Jason Donovan in the lead, the expanded show was restaged in 1991 at the London Palladium with Steven Pimlott as director and Anthony Van Laast as choreographer, winning the 1992 Laurence Olivier Award for set design. The cast album of this production was the #1 UK album for two weeks in September 1991, and the single "Any Dream Will Do" from it was also the #1 UK single for two weeks in June–July 1991. When Donovan left, former children's TV presenter Phillip Schofield portrayed Joseph.[25]

text: The musical opened in Toronto at the Elgin Theatre in July 1992, with Donny Osmond as Joseph and Janet Metz as the Narrator.[26] Afterwards, Osmond toured North America in the role.[citation needed] A major Australian production, based on the 1991 UK version, opened on 31 December 1992 at the State Theatre in Melbourne. It featured Indecent Obsession lead singer David Dixon as Joseph and Tina Arena as the Narrator. The musical then played seasons in Brisbane and Sydney through 1993.[27][28]

text: The show was revived in the United States in 1993, playing in Los Angeles at the Pantages Theatre for 18 weeks,[29] and in San Francisco at the Golden Gate Theatre for an 8-week run,[29] before moving to Broadway, where it played for 231 performances at the Minskoff Theatre from 10 November 1993 to 29 May 1994.[30] The cast featured Michael Damian (Joseph), Kelli Rabke (Narrator), Clifford David (Jacob), and Robert Torti (Pharaoh).[31][32]

text: A production starring Stephen Gately, "with cartoon cut-out sets and props and naff panto choreography", previewed in Oxford in December 2002, before moving to Liverpool over Christmas 2002. This production reached the West End at the New London Theatre in March 2003.[33]

text: A US national tour began in September 2005 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, starring starred Patrick Cassidy.[34]

text: A 2007 revival of the London Palladium production at the Adelphi Theatre starred a Joseph cast with the winner of BBC One's Any Dream Will Do, presided over by Lloyd Webber. This was second reality talent show to search for a West End star, capitalising on the success of the 2006 BBC–Lloyd Webber series, How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?. Viewers voted to for Lee Mead as Joseph. Mead had given up his ensemble role in The Phantom of the Opera, where he also understudied Raoul. The new Joseph production, which began on 6 July 2007, used Steven Pimlott's (who had died since staging the Palladium production) original direction, with Preeya Kalidas as the Narrator.[35]

text: Tickets for the show's originally-planned six-month run sold out in three weeks, and the producers had extended the show's run – and Mead's contract – until 7 June 2008. Before opening night, the producers had received £10 million in advance ticket sales. In his review for Variety, David Benedict wrote, "Mead delivers. ... For as long as Mead chooses to continue in it, Joseph is, commercially speaking, the safest of bets."[citation needed] Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group donated all receipts from two special performances to the BBC's Children in Need charity appeal. Additionally, the money normally given to the cast for first-night gifts in July 2007 went instead to Children in Need. In January 2009 Mead left the show and was replaced by Gareth Gates. The production closed in May 2009.[citation needed]

text: The long-running UK touring production was re-cast in 2010 with Keith Jack taking on Joseph in July 2010 opposite Jennifer Potts as narrator.[36] In May 2013 Ian "H" Watkins replaced Jack, reprising the role he had played in London and on tour. The 2014–15 leg of the tour saw X Factor contestant Lloyd Daniels take on the title role opposite Eastender's Matt Lapinskas as Pharaoh. Danielle Hope played Narrator in 2014. Amelia Lily, another X factor alumna, later played the Narrator.[citation needed]

text: A new North American touring production began on 4 March 2014 in Cleveland, Ohio starring Diana DeGarmo as the Narrator and Ace Young as Joseph.[37]

text: The 2016 UK touring production starred Joe McElderry as Joseph and Lucy Kay as the Narrator.[38] The tour began in January 2016 and is scheduled to run through June 2017.[39]

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Narrator: A character not of the time or place of the action. The Narrator tells the story through word and song, guiding the audience gently through the story of Joseph and his brothers, usually gives meaning to the story with his/her words. In early productions this character was usually played by a man; later productions have featured a woman in the role.
Jacob: The father of twelve sons, his favourite being Joseph. At times he may appear unfair and shallow, but he is, more importantly, the prophet who recognises the future and the calling of Joseph, thus saving the House of Israel. Usually doubles as Potiphar.
Joseph: Eleventh son of Jacob. Obviously his father’s favourite, Joseph early on shows a talent for interpreting dreams and telling the future. This gets him into trouble with his brothers when he predicts his future will include ruling over the other eleven. However, it saves his life when in Egypt he correctly interprets Pharaoh’s dreams. In the end he has risen to a great position of power, but he still forgives his brothers and brings his family to Egypt to partake of the bounty he has accumulated there.
Ishmaelites: Men of the desert, they buy Joseph as a slave, take him to Egypt, and sell him to Potiphar.
Potiphar: A powerful and rich Egyptian, Potiphar purchases Joseph and puts him to work in his household, where he soon realises that Joseph is honest, hard-working, and a great addition to his pool of help. When he grows suspicious of Mrs. Potiphar and Joseph, however, he grows angry and has Joseph thrown into prison. Usually played by the actor playing Jacob.
Mrs. Potiphar: Beautiful and scheming, Mrs. Potiphar tries to seduce Joseph, but is unsuccessful. However, she does manage to rip off much of his clothing just as her husband comes into the room, thus condemning him to prison. Also plays one of the wives.
Baker: One of Pharaoh servants, the Baker is in prison with Joseph who correctly interprets his dreams and predicts that he will be put to death. Played by one of the brothers.
Butler: Another of Pharaoh servants, the Butler is also in prison with Joseph who also correctly interprets his dreams, this time that he will be released and taken back into Pharaoh's household. It is the Butler who tells Pharaoh about Joseph and his uncanny ability with dreams. Played by one of the brothers.
Pharaoh: The most powerful man in Egypt, Pharaoh is considered a god on earth. When Joseph interprets his dreams, he promotes him to one of the highest positions in his government. In most productions, Pharaoh is portrayed as an Elvis Presley-style figure. Sometimes played by one of the brothers.
Joseph's Eleven Brothers: Although acting usually as a group, they each have their own different personalities, talents, and flaws. As a group they sell Joseph into slavery, but as individuals they deal with the following years and how they can make amends. They sing and dance their way through many situations and places. The brothers also double as Egyptians and servants of Potiphar.

Reuben: Eldest son of Jacob. Takes the lead on "One More Angel in Heaven"
Simeon: Second son of Jacob. Takes the lead on "Those Canaan Days"
Levi: Third son of Jacob.
Judah: Fourth son of Jacob. Takes the lead on "Benjamin Calypso".
Dan: Fifth son of Jacob.
Naphtali: Sixth son of Jacob.
Gad: Seventh son of Jacob.
Asher: Eighth son of Jacob.
Issachar: Ninth son of Jacob.
Zebulun: Tenth son of Jacob.
Benjamin: Twelfth son of Jacob. Joseph accuses him of stealing the golden cup.

The Wives: The wives of Jacob. The actresses playing the wives also double as Egyptians and servants of Potiphar.
Adult chorus
Children's chorus

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act I[40]

Prologue – Narrator
Any Dream Will Do – Joseph, Children
Jacob and Sons – Narrator, Brothers, Ensemble
Joseph's Coat – Jacob, Narrator, Joseph, Brothers, Wives, Ensemble
Joseph's Dreams – Narrator, Brothers, Joseph
Poor, Poor Joseph – Narrator, Joseph, Brothers
One More Angel in Heaven – Reuben, Reuben's Wife, Brothers, Wives, Jacob
Potiphar – Narrator, Potiphar, Mrs. Potiphar, Joseph, Ensemble
Close Every Door – Joseph and Company
Go, Go, Go Joseph – Narrator, Joseph, Butler, Baker, Ensemble

Act II

Pharaoh's Story – Narrator, Ensemble
Poor, Poor Pharaoh (reprise of Poor, Poor Joseph) – Narrator, Butler, Pharaoh, Women
Song of the King – Pharaoh, Ensemble
Pharaoh's Dream Explained – Joseph, Ensemble
Stone the Crows – Narrator, Pharaoh, Joseph, Female Ensemble
King of My Heart – Pharaoh
Those Canaan Days – Simeon, Jacob, Brothers
The Brothers Come To Egypt/Grovel, Grovel – Narrator, Brothers, Joseph, Female Ensemble
Who's the Thief? – Narrator, Joseph, Ensemble
Benjamin Calypso – Judah, Brothers, Ensemble
Joseph All the Time – Narrator, Joseph, Brothers, Ensemble
Jacob in Egypt – Ensemble
Any Dream Will Do (Reprise) – Joseph, Narrator, Ensemble
Joseph Megamix – Full Company

tag: table

text: Lloyd-Webber used a variety of musical styles, including parodies of French ballads ("Those Canaan Days"), Elvis-inspired rock and roll ("Song of the King"), western music ("One More Angel In Heaven"), 1920s Charleston ("Potiphar"), Calypso ("Benjamin Calypso"), jazz ("Joseph's Dreams"), and 1950s rock ("Go, Go, Go Joseph").[citation needed]

text: "Prologue" was first included in the 1982 Broadway production; the use of "Any Dream Will Do" at the start of the show (and the renaming of the closing version as per the above list) dates from the 1991 revival. The UK touring production circa 1983-1987 (produced by Bill Kenwright), included an additional song "I Don't Think I'm Wanted Back At Home", which was originally part of Jacob's Journey.[41] Sung by the title character, the brothers jokingly push Joseph out of the family home, throwing a suitcase, then a cane and top hat at him, leaving Joseph to tap-dance through the number.[citation needed] The tune has been recycled into numbers in By Jeeves and The Likes of Us.[citation needed]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Original Broadway production[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

1982
Tony Award
Best Musical
Nominated

Best Book of a Musical
Tim Rice
Nominated

Best Original Score
Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice
Nominated

Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical
Bill Hutton
Nominated

Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical
Laurie Beechman
Nominated

Best Choreography
Tony Tanner
Nominated

Drama Desk Award
Outstanding Musical
Nominated

Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical
Laurie Beechman
Nominated

Outstanding Director of a Musical
Tony Tanner
Nominated

text: 1991 London revival[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

1992
Laurence Olivier Award
Best Musical Revival
Nominated

Best Actor in a Musical
Jason Donovan
Nominated

Best Actress in a Musical
Linzi Hateley
Nominated

Best Director of a Musical
Steven Pimlott
Nominated

Best Theatre Choreographer
Anthony Van Laast
Nominated

Best Set Designer
Mark Thompson
Won

text: 2003 London revival[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2004
Laurence Olivier Award
Best Musical Revival
Nominated

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: In 1999, a straight-to-video film of the same title starring Donny Osmond was released, directed by David Mallet. Osmond had toured North America in the role after opening the Toronto revival in 1992. In the film, Maria Friedman appears as the Narrator, Richard Attenborough as Jacob, Ian McNeice as Potiphar, Joan Collins as Mrs. Potiphar and Robert Torti as Pharaoh.[42]


document_title: Rabat

question_text: when did rabat become the capital of morocco

root

text: Rabat

text: History[edit]

text: 12th to 17th century[edit]

text: Rabat has a relatively modern history compared to the nearby ancient city of Salé. In 1146, the Almohad ruler Abd al-Mu'min[5] turned Rabat's ribat into a full-scale fortress to use as a launching point for attacks on Iberia. In 1170, due to its military importance, Rabat acquired the title Ribatu l-Fath, meaning "stronghold of victory," from which it derives its current name.[6]

tag: p

text: Yaqub al-Mansur (known as Moulay Yacoub in Morocco), another Almohad Caliph, moved the capital of his empire to Rabat.[7] He built Rabat's city walls, the Kasbah of the Udayas and began construction on what would have been the world's largest mosque. However, Yaqub died and construction stopped. The ruins of the unfinished mosque, along with the Hassan Tower, still stand today.

text: Yaqub's death initiated a period of decline. The Almohad empire lost control of its possessions in Spain and much of its African territory, eventually leading to its total collapse. In the 13th century, much of Rabat's economic power shifted to Fez. In 1515 a Moorish explorer, El Wassan, reported that Rabat had declined so much that only 100 inhabited houses remained. An influx of Moriscos, who had been expelled from Spain, in the early 17th century helped boost Rabat's growth.

text: Corsair republics[edit]

text: Rabat and neighboring Salé united to form the Republic of Bou Regreg in 1627[8]. The republic was run by Barbary pirates who used the two cities as base ports for launching attacks on shipping. The pirates did not have to contend with any central authority until the Alaouite Dynasty united Morocco in 1666. The latter attempted to establish control over the pirates, but failed. European and Muslim authorities continued to attempt to control the pirates over many years, but the Republic of Bou Regreg did not collapse until 1818. Even after the republic's collapse, pirates continued to use the port of Rabat, which led to the shelling of the city by Austria in 1829 after an Austrian ship had been lost to a pirate attack.

text: 20th century[edit]

text: French invasion[edit]

text: The French invaded Morocco in 1912[9] and established a protectorate. The French administrator of Morocco, General Hubert Lyautey,[10] decided to relocate the country's capital from Fez to Rabat. Among other factors, rebellious citizens had made Fez an unstable place. Sultan Moulay Youssef followed the decision of the French and moved his residence to Rabat. In 1913, Gen. Lyautey hired Henri Prost who designed the Ville Nouvelle (Rabat's modern quarter) as an administrative sector. When Morocco achieved independence in 1955, Mohammed V, the then King of Morocco, chose to have the capital remain at Rabat.

text: Post World War II[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Following World War II, the United States established a military presence in Rabat at the former French air base. By the early 1950s, Rabat Salé Air Base was a U.S. Air Force installation hosting the 17th Air Force and the 5th Air Division, which oversaw forward basing for Strategic Air Command (SAC) B-47 Stratojet aircraft in the country. With the destabilization of French government in Morocco, and Moroccan independence in 1956, the government of Mohammed V wanted the U.S. Air Force to pull out of the SAC bases in Morocco, insisting on such action after American intervention in Lebanon in 1958. The United States agreed to leave as of December 1959, and was fully out of Morocco by 1963. SAC felt the Moroccan bases were much less critical with the long range capability of the B-52 Stratofortresses that were replacing the B-47s and with the completion of the USAF installations in Spain in 1959.[11]

text: With the USAF withdrawal from Rabat-Salé in the 1960s, the facility became a primary facility for the Royal Moroccan Air Force known as Air Base Nº 1, a status it continues to hold.

text: Neighbourhoods of Rabat[edit]

text: Rabat is an administrative city. It does have many shopping districts and residential neighbourhoods. The geographically spread out neighbourhoods are as follows:

text: The heart of the city consists of three parts: the Medina (old town); the Oudayas and Hassan both located to meet the Bou Regreg; and the Atlantic Ocean.

text: To the west, and along the waterfront, there is a succession of neighbourhoods.

text: First, around the ramparts, there is the old neighbourhoods, Quartier l'Océan and Quartier les Orangers. Beyond that, a succession of mostly working-class districts: Diour Jamaa, Akkari, Yacoub El Mansour, Massira and Hay el Fath are the main parts of this axis. Hay el Fath, which ends this sequence, evolves into a middle-class neighbourhood.

text: To the east, along the Bouregreg, the Youssoufia region: Mabella; Taqaddoum; Hay Nahda; Aviation; and Rommani (working and middle classes).

text: Between the two axes, from north to south, there are three main neighbourhoods (middle class to affluent): Agdal (Ward Building; a lively mix of residential and commercial buildings. The residents are predominantly upper middle class); Hay Riad (affluent villas; this neighbourhood has experienced a surge of momentum since the 2000s); and Souissi (residential neighborhood).

text: On the outskirts of Souissi, are a number of less-dense regions mainly comprising large private houses to areas that seem out of the city.[12]

text:
Riad District

Pietri Square

Rabat Hassan

Avenue Mohammed V

tag: ul

text: Bouregreg Marina[edit]

text: Located between the Atlantic and the Bouregreg Valley, this magnificent river marina is paved with famous historical sites like the esplanade of the Hassan Tower and the picturesque Chellah necropolis, which has witnessed many Mediterranean civilizations pass by.

text: Outfitted with the most modern equipment to host up to 240 boats, the Bouregreg Marina aims to become an essential destination for recreational boaters seeking long stays or just an unforgettable stopover on their way to West Africa, the Caribbean or the shores of North America.

text:
Bouregreg Marina

Behind Tûranor PlanetSolar is a new Hassan II bridge between Rabat and Salé

text: Subdivisions[edit]

text: The prefecture is divided administratively into the following:[2]

text:
Name
Geographic code
Type
Households
Population (2014)
Foreign population
Moroccan population
Notes

Agdal Riyad
421.01.01.
Arrondissement
22,399
77,257
4,572
72,685

El Youssoufia
421.01.03.
Arrondissement
42,312
170,561
2,858
167,703

Hassan
421.01.05.
Arrondissement
32,848
108,179
2,151
106,025

Souissi
421.01.06.
Arrondissement
5,924
23,366
1,203
22,163

Touarga
421.01.07.
Municipality
812
3,932
8
3,924

Yacoub El Mansour
421.01.09.
Arrondissement
47,375
194,532
2,099
192,433

text: Families of Rabat[edit]

text: Called Rbatis, these families have lived for more than 400 years with many events in common. From the expulsion of the Moriscos to arrive at the foundation of a culture that combines the Arabic and Andalusian cultures, through the Republic of Bouregreg events than other families coming to live in Rabat recently, have not known.

text: Since its founding, Rabat was inhabited by several families from the High Atlas with Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, who founded the city in 1198, then families from many parts of Morocco have settled. Rabat has around 1240 a few hundred fifty families whose families Chiadmi, Regragui, Loudiyi, etc.

text: Since the end of the thirteenth century, the city has had an influx of Moriscos expelled from Granada until 1609, the year of total expulsion of Muslims from Spain by Philip III. These families include: Bargach (Vargas); Guedira (Guadaira); Mouline (Molina); Sebbata (Zapata); and Frej.

text: The said families are considered, until today, as "Rbati's Families of strain". They are about four hundred families.

text: Other families in the city are considered residents of Rabat because they came at the time when Rabat became the capital of the country, either through rural exodus or to work in public administration based in the city since the establishment of the protectorate.

text: The city is on the territory of Zaer, an Arab tribe of Maqil origin. Leo Africanus in the early 16th century the signals in the region of Khenifra there, she continued on to the north to the Rabat region.

text: Climate[edit]

text: Rabat features a Mediterranean climate (Csa) with warm to hot dry summers and mild damp winters. Located along the Atlantic Ocean, Rabat has a mild, temperate climate, shifting from cool in winter to warm days in the summer months. The nights are always cool (or cold in winter, it can reach Sub 0 °C (32 °F) sometimes), with daytime temperatures generally rising about +7/8 C° (+15/18 F°). The winter highs typically reach only 17.2 °C (63.0 °F) in December–February. Summer daytime highs usually hover around 25 °C (77.0 °F), but may occasionally exceed 30 °C (86.0 °F), especially during heat waves. Summer nights are usually pleasant and cool, ranging between 11 °C (51.8 °F) and 19 °C (66.2 °F) and rarely exceeding 20 °C (68.0 °F). Rabat belongs to the sub-humid bioclimatic zone with an average annual precipitation of 560 mm.

text: Rabat's climate resembles the southwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

text:
[hide]Climate data for Rabat (Rabat–Salé Airport) 1961–1990, extremes 1943–present

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °C (°F)
30.0
(86)
31.0
(87.8)
35.8
(96.4)
37.6
(99.7)
43.0
(109.4)
43.7
(110.7)
47.2
(117)
45.8
(114.4)
42.3
(108.1)
38.0
(100.4)
35.1
(95.2)
30.0
(86)
47.2
(117)

Average high °C (°F)
17.2
(63)
17.7
(63.9)
19.2
(66.6)
20.0
(68)
22.1
(71.8)
24.1
(75.4)
26.8
(80.2)
27.1
(80.8)
26.4
(79.5)
24.0
(75.2)
20.6
(69.1)
17.7
(63.9)
21.9
(71.4)

Daily mean °C (°F)
12.6
(54.7)
13.1
(55.6)
14.2
(57.6)
15.2
(59.4)
17.4
(63.3)
19.8
(67.6)
22.2
(72)
22.4
(72.3)
21.5
(70.7)
19.0
(66.2)
15.9
(60.6)
13.2
(55.8)
17.2
(63)

Average low °C (°F)
8.0
(46.4)
8.6
(47.5)
9.2
(48.6)
10.4
(50.7)
12.7
(54.9)
15.4
(59.7)
17.6
(63.7)
17.7
(63.9)
16.7
(62.1)
14.1
(57.4)
11.1
(52)
8.7
(47.7)
12.5
(54.5)

Record low °C (°F)
−3.2
(26.2)
−2.6
(27.3)
−0.4
(31.3)
3.8
(38.8)
5.3
(41.5)
9.0
(48.2)
10.0
(50)
11.0
(51.8)
10.0
(50)
7.0
(44.6)
0.0
(32)
0.3
(32.5)
−3.2
(26.2)

Average precipitation mm (inches)
77.2
(3.039)
74.1
(2.917)
60.9
(2.398)
62.0
(2.441)
25.3
(0.996)
6.7
(0.264)
0.5
(0.02)
1.3
(0.051)
5.7
(0.224)
43.6
(1.717)
96.7
(3.807)
100.9
(3.972)
554.9
(21.846)

Average precipitation days
9.9
9.8
9.0
8.7
5.7
2.4
0.3
0.4
2.4
6.4
10.2
10.4
75.6

Average relative humidity (%)
82
82
80
78
77
78
78
79
80
79
80
83
80

Mean monthly sunshine hours
179.9
182.3
232.0
254.5
290.5
287.6
314.7
307.0
261.1
235.1
190.5
180.9
2,916.1

Source #1: NOAA[13]

Source #2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1973–1993),[14] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[15]

text: Culture[edit]

text:
Hassan Tower

Hotel Balima

Mosquée As-Sounah

Saint-Pierre Cathedral

text: The biggest place for theatre is the Theatre Mohammed V in the centre of the town.

text: The city has a few official galleries and an archeological museum.

text: Many organizations are active in cultural and social issues. Orient-Occident Foundation and ONA Foundation are the biggest of these. An independent art scene is active in the city. L'appartement 22, which is the first independent space for visual arts created by Abdellah Karroum, opened in 2002 and introduced international and local artists. Other independent spaces opened few years after, such as Le Cube, also set up in a private space.

text: Mawazine[edit]

text: Mawazine is a music festival in Rabat welcomed by Mohammed VI King of Morocco, that started in 2001 where music groups, fans and spectators come together in a week-long celebration of culture and music both locally and internationally. Musicians such as Scorpions, Rihanna, Elton John, Stromae and many others have performed at the festival.

text: Mawazine was host to more than 2,500,000 in 2013. Workshops are available for teaching dances and other arts. The festival is free. However, while most areas are free, there are those that require payment, specifically the smaller stages being the historical site of Chellah, the Mohammed V National Theater, and the Renaissance Cultural Center.[16]

text: Main sights[edit]

text:
Mausoleum of Mohammed V
Mohammed V University
Hassan Tower
Chellah Necropolis
Kasbah of the Udayas
Rabat Archaeological Museum
Musée Mohamed VI d'Art Moderne et Contemporain

text:
Bab El-Had Gate

Bab-Rouah Gate

Bab Oudaïa Gate

Mausoleum of Mohammed V

Possible descendants of the Barbary lion at Rabat Zoo near the city

text: Notable people from Rabat[edit]

text: Politicians

text:
Reuven Abergel, Israeli social and political activist
Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, French judge and diplomat
Dominique de Villepin, former Prime Minister of France
Richard Dell'Agnola, French politician
David Levy, Israeli politician
Maxim Levy, Israeli politician
Bernard Squarcini, French counter-terrorism director

text: Scientists, writers and philosophers:

text:
Abdellah Taïa, writer
Linda Ashcroft, writer and artist
Robert Assaraf, historian
Alain Badiou, French philosopher
Mohammed Suerte Bennani, Moroccan novelist
Mohammed Berrada, Moroccan novelist, literary critic, and translator
Helene Hagan, Franco-American writer anthropologist
Abdelfattah Kilito, Moroccan writer
Bahaa Trabelsi, Moroccan novelist

text: Artists

text:
Samira Said, Moroccan singer
Saad Lamjarred, Moroccan singer
Hajib, Moroccan Chaabi singer
Shlomo Bar, Israeli musician
Fabienne Égal, French announcer and television host
Roland Giraud, French actor
Macha Méril, French actress and writer
Daniel Siboni, French photographer
French Montana, American Hip-Hop Artist
Bryce Hudson, American painter and photographer

text: Sportsmen

text:
Saïd Aït-Bahi, Moroccan footballer
Bouabid Bouden, Moroccan footballer
Custodio Dos Reis, French road bicycle racer
Younes Khattabi, Moroccan rugby league player
Ait Hammi Miloud, Moroccan Olympic boxer
Jean Patrick Lesobre, French Rugby Union player
Younès Moudrik, Moroccan long jumper
Brahim Taleb, Moroccan long distance runner

text: Royal descendants

text:
Mohammed VI of Morocco, King of Morocco
Prince Fakhruddin of Egypt
Prince Jacques, Duke of Orléans
Prince Michel, Count of Évreux
Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco
Princess Lalla Aicha of Morocco

text: Transport[edit]

text: Air[edit]

text: Rabat's main airport is Rabat–Salé Airport.

text: Trains[edit]

text: Rabat is served by two principal railway stations run by the national rail service, the ONCF.

text: Rabat-Ville is the main inter-city station, from which trains run south to Casablanca, Marrakech and El Jadida, north to Tanger, or east to Meknes, Fes, Taza and Oujda.

text: Tram[edit]

text: The Rabat-Salé tramway is a tram system which was put into service on May 23, 2011 in the Moroccan cities of Rabat and Salé. The network has two lines for a total length of 19 km (12 miles) and 31 stops. It is operated by Veolia Transdev with Alstom Citadis trams.

text: Sports[edit]

text: Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium (Arabic: مركب الأمير مولاي عبد لله) is a multi-purpose stadium in Rabat, Morocco. It is named after Prince Moulay Abdellah. It was built in 1983 and is the home ground of FAR Rabat. It is used mostly for football matches, and it can also stage athletics. The stadium holds 52,000. Since 2008 it is host of the Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme de Rabat.

text: Football[edit]

text: The local football teams are:

text:
FAR de Rabat
FUS de Rabat
Stade Marocain
Hilal de Rabat
Union de Touarga
Youssoufia Club de Rabat

text: Handball[edit]

text:
FUS de Rabat
Le Stade Marocain
Les FAR de Rabat

text: Basketball[edit]

text: The local basketball teams are:

text:
FUS de Rabat
FAR de Rabat
Moghreb de Rabat

text: Volleyball[edit]

text:
FUS de Rabat
FAR de Rabat
Crédit agricole Rabat

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
River Bou Regreg and the Kasbah of the Udayas

Chellah Minaret

Tour Hassan and Mausoleum of Mohammed V

Rabat, Mohammed V Avenue

The Parliament building

Rabat as seen from Spot Satellite

Rabat downtown

Rabat–Salé Airport

Sunset next to Quartier l'Océan

text: International relations[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Twin towns—sister cities[edit]

text: Rabat is twinned with:

text:
Bethlehem, Palestine[17]
 Bursa, Turkey since 2010[18]
 Guangzhou, China, since 2013[19]
 Honolulu, United States
 Istanbul, Turkey
 Las Palmas, Spain

 Lisbon, Portugal[20][21]
 Madrid, Spain[22]
 Nablus, Palestine
 Seville, Spain[23]
 Stockholm, Sweden
 Tunis, Tunisia, since 1987[24]