document_title: National Hockey League All-Star Game

question_text: who won last years nhl all star game

question_tokens: who won last years nhl all star game

text: National Hockey League All-Star Game

text: Format[edit]

text: Current[edit]

text: On November 18, 2015, the NHL announced significant changes to the All-Star Game format, starting with the 2016 game: instead of one game pitted against two teams, there would be four All-Star teams based on the league's four divisions, competing in a single-elimination tournament. The format of all three games in the tournament will be three-on-three, with 10-minute halves each. If a tie remains after 20 minutes, then it will directly go to a three-round shootout plus extra rounds as needed to determine the winner; there is no standard overtime. In 2016, the Atlantic Division All-Stars faced the Metropolitan Division All-Stars in one semifinal, while the Central Division All-Stars played against the Pacific Division All-Stars in the second semifinal. The winners of these two games then meet in an All-Star Game Final.[1] Since 2017, the format was slightly changed: the division that wins the NHL All-Star Skills Competition during the previous night then gets to pick which team they will play first in the semifinals.[2]

text: Prior years[edit]

text: From 1947 to 1968, the All-Star Game primarily saw the previous season's Stanley Cup champions take on a team of All-Stars from the other clubs. There were two exceptions during this period: The 1951 and 1952 games instead featured two teams of All-Star players, one consisting of players on American-based teams and the other with players consisting of players on Canadian-based teams.

text: Beginning in 1969, the format was geographic with the Wales/Eastern Conference All-Stars playing the Campbell/Western Conference All-Stars, where the "first team", or starting line, including the starting goaltender, voted in by fans, while the remainder of the teams' rosters are chosen by the NHL's Hockey Operations Department in consultation with the teams' general managers. Since 1996, the head coaches for the two All-Star teams have been the coaches of the two teams that are leading their respective conferences in point percentage (i.e. fraction of points obtained out of total possible points). Prior policy saw the two head coaches that appeared in the previous year's Stanley Cup Finals coaching the All-Star teams.[3]

text: The 1998 All-Star Game was held in the very same year as the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, providing the NHL to show its players from all over the world. To this extent, the NHL had the All-Star teams consist of a team of North Americans playing against a team of stars from the rest of the world.[4] The North America vs. World All-Star format lasted through the 2002 Game, the same year as the 2002 Winter Olympics, before reverting to the Eastern vs. Western Conference format in 2003.

text: During the 2010–11 season, the NHL announced a change to the way the teams were selected, modeled after drafts in fantasy sports. The conference vs. conference (i.e. East vs. West) approach was replaced by a player draft conducted by the All-Star players themselves to determine the rosters for each team. The captains for each team now select players from a combined pool of both fan balloting and the NHL Hockey Operations Department. The change in format was a joint effort by the League and the National Hockey League Players Association (NHLPA).[5] This format lasted through the 2015 game.

text: The All-Star Game is preceded by the NHL All-Star Skills Competition, a competition showing the various talents of both the all-stars. Beginning in 2007, the All-Star weekend also featured the NHL YoungStars Game, an exhibition game exclusively featuring rookies,[6] playing under slightly modified rules. In 2011 this game was eliminated in favor of having the rookies compete in the skills competition.

text: History[edit]

text: Benefit games[edit]

text: The first official All-Star Game was held during the 1947–48 NHL season. Prior to that, there have been several occasions when benefit games and All-Star Games were played.

text: Hod Stuart Benefit All-Star Game[edit]

text: The first All-Star game in ice hockey predates the NHL. It was played on January 2, 1908, before 3,500 fans at the Montreal Arena between the Montreal Wanderers and a team of All-Stars players from the teams the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. It was held in memory of Montreal Wanderers player Hod Stuart, who had drowned three months after the Wanderers won the Stanley Cup in 1907. The proceeds of that game (over $2,000) went to Stuart's family.[7]

text: Ace Bailey Benefit Game[edit]

text: On December 12, 1933, Toronto's King Clancy tripped Boston's Eddie Shore, and in retaliation, Shore hit the Leafs' Ace Bailey from behind, flipping him over backwards. Bailey hit his head on the ice so hard that a priest in attendance gave him last rites. Bailey lived for almost 60 more years, but his playing career was over. Shore was suspended for 16 games of a 48-game season for the hit.[8]

text: As a benefit for Bailey and his family, the NHL held its first ever All-Star game on February 14, 1934. The game was held at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, during which Bailey's #6 uniform was retired by the Leafs. It was the first number to be retired in the NHL. The game saw the Leafs battle against an All-Star team made of players from the other seven teams, which the Leafs won 7–3. One of the more memorable moments before the game was when Bailey presented Shore with his All-Star jersey, showing to the public that Bailey had clearly forgiven him for his actions. Bailey also presented a trophy to NHL President Frank Calder before the game in the hope that the trophy would go to the winner of an annual All-Star Game for the benefit of injured players.[9]

text: Howie Morenz Memorial Game[edit]

text: Howie Morenz was one of the NHL's superstars of the 1930s. However, his career, and eventually life, ended in a game between his Montreal Canadiens and the Chicago Black Hawks on January 28, 1937, at the Montreal Forum. In that game, Morenz was checked by Chicago player Earl Seibert into the boards in what seemed like a normal hit. However, as the boards were made of wood at the time, Morenz's leg shattered in five separate locations above the ankle. He was carried off the ice on a stretcher to a hospital, where he would stay for four and a half weeks until his death from a heart attack. At one time, one visitor noted that it was as if a party was being held inside of Morenz's hospital room, complete with whiskey and beer. Morenz died on March 8 the same year, from, as teammate Aurele Joliat put it, "a broken heart" (Morenz suffered a heart attack the night before). Morenz's #7 sweater, which had been hanging in its usual stall while he was in hospital, was finally retired for good.[10]

text: While Morenz was in the hospital, plans for a game for Morenz's benefit were already under way. However, the game was not as successful as Bailey's game, partially because it took place many months after Morenz's passing (on November 3 at the Forum) and partially because Morenz had not survived. The game saw two All-Star teams, the first being a team of stars from the Canadiens and the Montreal Maroons, the second being an All-Star team made of players from the other teams, with the latter team winning 6–5.[11]

text: Babe Siebert Memorial Game[edit]

text: On August 25, 1939, Babe Siebert, former player of the Montreal Canadiens, drowned in Lake Huron. To benefit his family, the Canadiens and Montreal Maroons organized a benefit, held on October 29, 1939, at the Montreal Forum. Six-thousand fans attended a game between the Canadiens and the "NHL All-Stars", raising CA$15,000 (CA$250,130 in 2016 dollars[12]) for Siebert's family. The All-Stars won the game 5–2.[13]

text: Official games[edit]

text: Despite Bailey's hopes of an annual All-Star Game, it did not become an annual tradition until the 1947–48 NHL season. In 1966, the All-Star Game was moved from the start of the season to its current position in the middle of the season. In 1979, the Challenge Cup series replaced the game, and in 1987 it was replaced with Rendez-vous '87. Lockouts disrupted the NHL season in 1995, 2005 and 2013 and resulted in the cancellation of the game in those years. As part of the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) that expired in 2014, the NHL agreed with the NHLPA not to hold an All-Star Game during Winter Olympic years, consequently the contest was cancelled in 2006, 2010 and 2014.

text: Both parts of Bailey's vision would, however, come true: The first game of the annual tradition, and the first official NHL All-Star Game, would be played in Maple Leaf Gardens, on October 13, 1947. The format of the All-Star Game, which remained the same, with two exceptions, until the 1967–68 NHL season, called for the defending Stanley Cup champions to play against a selection of players from the other five teams. For the first year, the All-Stars were a team composed of the First and Second NHL All-Star Teams (not to be confused with the All-Stars that played against the Cup champions), as well as three players from the New York Rangers and one player each from the Detroit Red Wings and the Chicago Black Hawks.

text: For the Game, the Gardens facilities were upgraded to use glass on the boards (in an era where wire fences were the norm), a point that fans complained about as the sounds of the checks were somewhat muted. In what would be another tradition, the defending Stanley Cup champions were presented before the game with various gifts that included sweater coats, golf balls, cigarette boxes, ties, cufflinks, pocket knives, watches and lifetime passes to Maple Leaf Gardens. All-in-all, the game was a success, with the All-Stars winning 4–3.[14]

text: Although the All-Star Game called for the defending Cup champion to host it, the game was held in Chicago Stadium in its second year as a consequence of the negotiations that set up the first game. Also as a peculiarity as a result of the scheduling, the game was held not before the season started (as was the case before and would be for almost 20 years following the game), but three weeks into the season. Like the year before, players from the First and Second NHL All-Star teams were automatically awarded spots on the All-Star Game rosters (an exception was Leafs goaltender Turk Broda, having won the Cup, played for the Leafs instead), with the rest of the all-stars being assembled so that each team was represented with at least three players on the All-Stars. As for the game itself, the All-Stars had won 3–1 with all scoring coming in the second period.

text: The defending Stanley Cup champions would win their first All-Star Game in 1950 by a 7–1 margin, thanks to Detroit's Production Line and the fact that five of the First and Second NHL All-Star teams were Red Wings. Because of the one-sidedness of the game, many fans and hockey insiders considered options on how to make the All-Star Game more balanced, including one where the All-Star Game was eliminated altogether in favour of a best-of-nine Stanley Cup Final with the proceeds of two of the games going to the players' pension fund, and one which saw a Canadian Teams vs. American Teams format (a somewhat flawed concept in that nearly all NHL players of the era, whether playing for teams representing American or Canadian cities, were Canadians). Ultimately, the 5th NHL All-Star Game saw the First NHL All-Star team battle the Second, with the players filling out the First team being from American teams and the Second team being filled with either Hab or Leaf players. The Game ended in a 2–2 tie, leaving many fans upset for the second straight year. The same format of First vs. Second with the First team being augmented by players from American teams and the Second being augmented by Leaf or Hab players continued the next year, but the 6th All-Star Game proved to be 60 minutes of boring hockey as the teams skated to a 1–1 tie.

text: Criticisms of this new format, as well as the boring hockey, was what made the NHL revert the format of the All-Star Game to its original incarnation. Some of the criticisms included the fact that teammates often opposed each other in the All-Star Game under the new format, and some stated that the early date of the game was detrimental to the exposure of the NHL in the States, being held at the same time as the World Series and the National Football League (NFL) season. In what would be later a reality, Toronto Star columnist Red Burnett suggested that the game should be played mid-season and that fans should choose their starting lineup, a system which had long been in use in the States with regard to Major League Baseball (MLB).

text: The Game was moved from the start of the season to mid-season in the 1966–67 season as part of the move to promote the NHL to six new cities who would have their own teams (in October 1967). Because of the move to mid-season, the method of player selection for the All-Stars, largely unchanged for 20 years, was much scrutinized, as playing the All-Star Game mid-season meant that the First and Second All-Star teams were decided almost a full year before the game itself, and that by mid-season, the Cup winners were a vastly different team from the team that had won the Cup some eight or nine months before. The mid-season move also meant that rookies with outstanding first years, such as Bobby Orr, would be shut out of the Game even if they deserved a spot on the All-Stars.

text: The 21st All-Star Game one year later was somber compared to the 20 before it, as the days before the game were tragic. On January 14, 1968, two days before the game, Bill Masterton had been checked by two Oakland Seals players and died from his on-ice injuries. The game itself was overshadowed by the debate on whether helmets should be worn in the NHL in the fallout of Masterton's untimely death. As in the previous years, the All-Stars were represented by the First and Second All-Star teams, as well as enough players so that each team was represented. The East-West format of future All-Star Games was announced in the 21st All-Star Game, with the intention of being able to move the game anywhere, alternating home ice between an East division team and a West division team year after year. The idea, along with the notion that the players chosen for the two All-Star teams should be the best at the time of the game rather than the best of the players from the season before, quickly gained popularity, although the Cup champions reserved the right to host the 22nd All-Star Game. The St. Louis Blues became the first Western host of the All-Star Game the following year. The 26th All-Star Game was the first in which the game MVP received a car as a prize.

text: With the realignment of the NHL into four divisions for the 1974–75 season, the 1975 All-Star Game was the first to pit the Wales Conference against the Campbell Conference.

text: In 1978, amidst renewed interest in international hockey, the NHL decided to replace the 1979 All-Star Game with a three-game series where the League's top players played against the Soviet Union's top players in the Challenge Cup, held at Madison Square Garden in New York City.

text: The Challenge Cup was being touted as a miniature world championship, and for the first time, fans could vote for certain members of the roster. The NHL would lose the three-game series two games to one, with the third game being lost by an embarrassing 6–0 margin.

text: Over the next few years, various aspects of the All-Star Game came under scrutiny, including the format of the game. To make things worse, the All-Star Game itself was viewed in some circles as a bad thing, with players opting out of the game in favour of the rest and prospective hosts repeatedly declining to host the event.

text: With the geographical realignment of the NHL for the 1981–82 season, the 1982 All-Star Game was the first between the Wales and Campbell Conferences that featured players from eastern teams against players from western teams.

text: The 37th All-Star Game in 1985 marked the first time that honorary captains were selected for each team. The Game also brought forth the notion of fan balloting of the starting lineup (already adopted in the National Basketball Association and by this time had returned, following a hiatus brought on by ballot box stuffing, to MLB; the NFL gave the fans the vote in the 1990s), as the game was suffering from having little media coverage. The idea came into fruition the following year.

text: In 1987, the All-Star Game was pre-empted in favour of Rendez-vous '87, held at Le Colisée in Quebec City. Like the Challenge Cup before it, Rendez-Vous '87 was an event where the best the NHL could offer played against a Soviet squad which had an entire year to prepare. To reduce the possibility of the NHL being embarrassed again, Rendez-Vous '87 was a two-game affair. The series was split between the two teams with a game won by each.

text: During the series, NHL President John Ziegler stated that Soviet players would never be able to join the NHL because of the way the Soviet hockey programme worked, and that NHLers would never be able to play in the Winter Olympics. Soviet players would be allowed to play in the NHL within three years, and an arrangement that would allow NHL players to play in the Olympics was announced within nine.

text: The 41st All-Star Game in 1990 was held on a Sunday, after having been held on Tuesdays since 1968. That edition, the NHL All-Star Skills Competition and the Heroes of Hockey game were both introduced. The Heroes of Hockey game featured NHL alumni and was set up much like the main game, with Wales vs. Campbell. However, it should be noted that many of these players retired before the introduction of the Wales and Campbell Conferences. Future Heroes of Hockey games would have the hometown alumni play against the "best-of-the-rest", much like the all-star games of old. The 42nd All-Star Game introduced, as part of the player selection, two players chosen by the commissioner to honour their years to their game.

text: With the renaming of conferences and divisions on a geographical basis for the 1993–94 season, the 1994 All-Star Game was the first between East and West in name since 1974, although the Wales vs. Campbell format pitted east against west from 1982 to 1993.

text: The All-Star Game in 1995 was a casualty of the 1994–95 NHL lockout, which shortened that season to just 48 regular season games. San Jose, the originally scheduled venue, was instead awarded the 1997 All-Star Game.

text: The 1998 All-Star Game featured the first change in format in years in an attempt to promote the first Olympic hockey tournament with participation from NHL players.[citation needed] From 1998 to 2002, a team of North American All-Stars faced a team of non-North Americans, known as the World All-Stars. Some critics suggested replacing the game with a miniature national tournament,[citation needed] in the style of the World Cup of Hockey. Some fans were unhappy with a team consisting of 75% Canadian players being labeled "North America."[citation needed] The "First International Showdown", as it was billed, resulted in the North American All-Stars winning 8–7.

text: The 2003 Game's format was reverted to its classic East vs. West format. Dany Heatley scored four goals, tying an All-Star Game record, in addition to recording a shootout goal. Heatley also set the record for being the youngest player to score a hat-trick in the All-Star Game, a record previously held by the Edmonton Oilers' Wayne Gretzky. This shootout, the first of its kind in the NHL in the modern era, received an enthusiastic, frenzied response from the crowd when it was announced, and carried on during the event. This was influential in the later decision to decide regular season games tied after overtime with a shootout, thus eliminating tie games.

text: The All-Star Game was dealt two serious blows in 2005. Not only was the game canceled along with the rest of the season as a result of the 2004–05 NHL lockout, but the subsequent CBA that ended the lockout stipulated that heretofore the game was to be held only in non-Olympic years. Thus, there was no All-Star Game held during the 2005–06 season either.

text: After a two-season absence, the 2007 Game was played in Dallas, where the West defeated the East, 12–9. Daniel Briere of the Buffalo Sabres recorded a goal and four assists and was named the Game's MVP.

text: The Atlanta Thrashers hosted the 2008 Game, as they had been originally scheduled to host the canceled Game in 2005. The Eastern Conference won the Game 8–7 on a late game-winning goal by Marc Savard with 20.9 seconds remaining in the third period, beating St. Louis Blues goaltender Manny Legace. Eric Staal was named the MVP.

text: In 2009, the Bell Centre, the home of the Montreal Canadiens, hosted the Game, as well as the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. In the Game, the Eastern Conference defeated the Western Conference 12–11 in a shootout (east 2/3 west 0/2). Approximately 21,000 people attended the game, where then-Canadien Alexei Kovalev was named the Game's MVP after scoring two goals and one assist, as well as the shootout winner. Montreal fans voted Kovalev into the starting lineup, in addition to teammates Andrei Markov, Carey Price and Mike Komisarek. The Canadiens were picked to host both events because the Montreal Canadiens team celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009. The team was established in 1909 as a founding member of the National Hockey Association (NHA) which became the NHL in 1917.

text: A small number of All-Star players questioned their potential participation in 2009. Past and current All-Stars must obtain an excused absence (often related to injury or personal circumstances) by the League if they will not participate. If this approved absence is not obtained, a one-game regular season suspension is possible.[15]

text: There was no All-Star Game in 2010 because of both a change to the CBA and 2010 being an Olympic Games year—the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver marked the first time that the Olympics had been hosted in an NHL market since the League allowed its players to compete in the Olympics.[16]

text: The 2011 All-Star Game was played in Raleigh, North Carolina, home of the Carolina Hurricanes. Gary Bettman announced at the RBC Center on April 8, 2010, that the game would be held in Raleigh. The Phoenix Coyotes were originally slated to host the Game that year in replacement of the 2006 Game, which they had again originally been awarded before the NHL ultimately decided not to hold the Game the Olympic year. Amid fears that the Coyotes franchise would not "right its ship" by February 2011, however, the cities of Pittsburgh, Raleigh and Ottawa rose as candidates for the 2011 Game, with Raleigh eventually being chosen, having been promised the Game since the Hurricanes reached 12,000 season ticket sales earlier in the decade. The 2011 Game also introduced a new format, replacing the traditional conference teams with a "fantasy draft." Fans voted for six players, from either conference (three forwards, two defencemen and one goaltender), while the NHL selected another 36 players for a total of 42 players. The chosen players then selected two captains for each All-Star team, who then selected their teammates in a draft. The chosen captains for the 2011 Game were Nicklas Lidstrom of Detroit and Eric Staal of Carolina.

text: The 2012 Game repeated the fantasy draft format, with Daniel Alfredsson and Zdeno Chara as captains. The game was played in Ottawa to honor the 20th anniversary of the Senators' return to the NHL.

text: The 2013 All-Star Game was originally scheduled for January 27, 2013, at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, the home of the Columbus Blue Jackets. The game was postponed to 2015, however, first due to the 2012–13 NHL lockout,[17] which delayed the start of the 2012–13 season until January 19, 2013, followed the inability to play in 2014 due to it falling on an Olympic Games year, where NHL players competed at the XXII Winter Olympics in Sochi. The Game was eventually played on January 25, 2015.

text: The 2016 All-Star Game was played on January 31, 2016, at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, the home of Nashville Predators. The game, which featured a number of country music acts in the festivities, was notable for both a new format (instead of a single game, a four-division, three-on-three tournament was held) and the appearance of John Scott, a journeyman enforcer who was voted into the game through a fan vote. Scott, who had been demoted to the American Hockey League after the vote, played as a member of no team and, as captain of the Pacific Division, scored two goals (after scoring none the entire regular season up to that point) and won the game's Most Valuable Player award.

text: Since that game in Nashville, the format was changed so that it was no longer a singular all-star game per se; instead, four all-star teams, each representing one of the league's four divisions, participate in a two-round knockout tournament, with each game being two 10-minute halves in length and played with three skaters on each team.[18] That format was used in the subsequent All-Star Games.

text: The 2017 All-Star Game was played on January 29, 2017, at Staples Center in Los Angeles. The event was awarded to the Kings in honour of their 50th anniversary.

text: The 2018 All-Star Game was played on January 28, 2018, at Amalie Arena in Tampa. This was the second time the Tampa Bay Lightning have hosted the All-Star Game, the first being in 1999, and the third overall in Florida.[19]

text: Future[edit]

text: The next All-Star Game will be hosted by the San Jose Sharks at SAP Center on January 27, 2019.[20]

text: Six current NHL cities have not yet been awarded and subsequently hosted the NHL All-Star Game: Anaheim, Glendale, Las Vegas, Newark, Washington, D.C. and Winnipeg.[21] The New Jersey Devils did host the game in 1984, though they were then based in East Rutherford, while the Capitals hosted the game in 1982 when they were based in Landover, Maryland. Other than the home arenas of the Devils and Capitals, the Prudential Center in Newark and the Capital One Arena in Washington, D.C., the other new arenas that have not hosted the All-Star Game in markets that have hosted it previously are the United Center in Chicago, PPG Paints Arena in Pittsburgh, Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Scottrade Center in St. Louis, KeyBank Center in Buffalo, Barclays Center in Brooklyn, Rogers Place in Edmonton and Little Caesars Arena in Detroit.

text: Results[edit]

text: The hosting teams in Italic means that they went on to win the Stanley Cup later in that season.

text:
Game (Year)
Result
Host Team
Host arena
Host city
Game MVP, Team

1st (1947)
All–Stars 4 – Maple Leafs 3
Toronto Maple Leafs (1)
Maple Leaf Gardens
Toronto, Ontario
N/A

2nd (1948)
All–Stars 3 – Maple Leafs 1
Chicago Black Hawks (1)
Chicago Stadium
Chicago, Illinois
N/A

3rd (1949)
All–Stars 3 – Maple Leafs 1
Toronto Maple Leafs (2)
Maple Leaf Gardens (2)
Toronto, Ontario (2)
N/A

4th (1950)
Red Wings 7 – All–Stars 1
Detroit Red Wings (1)
Olympia Stadium
Detroit, Michigan
N/A

5th (1951)
Team #1 2 – Team #2 2
Toronto Maple Leafs (3)
Maple Leaf Gardens (3)
Toronto, Ontario (3)
N/A

6th (1952)
Team #1 1 – Team #2 1
Detroit Red Wings (2)
Olympia Stadium (2)
Detroit, Michigan (2)
N/A

7th (1953)
All–Stars 3 – Canadiens 1
Montreal Canadiens (1)
Montreal Forum
Montreal, Quebec
N/A

8th (1954)
All–Stars 2 – Red Wings 2
Detroit Red Wings (3)
Olympia Stadium (3)
Detroit, Michigan (3)
N/A

9th (1955)
Red Wings 3 – All–Stars 1
Detroit Red Wings (4)
Olympia Stadium (4)
Detroit, Michigan (4)
N/A

10th (1956)
All–Stars 1 – Canadiens 1
Montreal Canadiens (2)
Montreal Forum (2)
Montreal, Quebec (2)
N/A

11th (1957)
All Stars 5 – Canadiens 3
Montreal Canadiens (3)
Montreal Forum (3)
Montreal, Quebec (3)
N/A

12th (1958)
Canadiens 6 – All–Stars 3
Montreal Canadiens (4)
Montreal Forum (4)
Montreal, Quebec (4)
N/A

13th (1959)
Canadiens 6 – All–Stars 1
Montreal Canadiens (5)
Montreal Forum (5)
Montreal, Quebec (5)
N/A

14th (1960)
All–Stars 2 – Canadiens 1
Montreal Canadiens (6)
Montreal Forum (6)
Montreal, Quebec (6)
N/A

15th (1961)
All–Stars 3 – Black Hawks 1
Chicago Black Hawks (2)
Chicago Stadium (2)
Chicago, Illinois (2)
N/A

16th (1962)
Maple Leafs 4 – All–Stars 1
Toronto Maple Leafs (4)
Maple Leaf Gardens (4)
Toronto, Ontario (4)
Eddie Shack, Toronto Maple Leafs

17th (1963)
All–Stars 3 – Maple Leafs 3
Toronto Maple Leafs (5)
Maple Leaf Gardens (5)
Toronto, Ontario (5)
Frank Mahovlich, Toronto Maple Leafs

18th (1964)
All–Stars 3 – Maple Leafs 2
Toronto Maple Leafs (6)
Maple Leaf Gardens (6)
Toronto, Ontario (6)
Jean Beliveau, Montreal Canadiens

19th (1965)
All–Stars 5 – Canadiens 2
Montreal Canadiens (7)
Montreal Forum (7)
Montreal, Quebec (7)
Gordie Howe, Detroit Red Wings

(1966)
No game as it was shifted to the middle of the season.

20th (1967)
Canadiens 3 – All–Stars 0
Montreal Canadiens (8)
Montreal Forum (8)
Montreal, Quebec (8)
Henri Richard, Montreal Canadiens

21st (1968)
Maple Leafs 4 – All–Stars 3
Toronto Maple Leafs (7)
Maple Leaf Gardens (7)
Toronto, Ontario (7)
Bruce Gamble, Toronto Maple Leafs

22nd (1969)
East 3 – West 3
Montreal Canadiens (9)
Montreal Forum (9)
Montreal, Quebec (9)
Frank Mahovlich, Detroit Red Wings

23rd (1970)
East 4 – West 1
St. Louis Blues (1)
St. Louis Arena
St. Louis, Missouri
Bobby Hull, Chicago Black Hawks

24th (1971)
West 2 – East 1
Boston Bruins (1)
Boston Garden
Boston, Massachusetts
Bobby Hull, Chicago Black Hawks

25th (1972)
East 3 – West 2
Minnesota North Stars (1)
Met Center
Bloomington, Minnesota
Bobby Orr, Boston Bruins

26th (1973)
East 5 – West 4
New York Rangers (1)
Madison Square Garden
New York City, New York
Greg Polis, Pittsburgh Penguins

27th (1974)
West 6 – East 4
Chicago Black Hawks (3)
Chicago Stadium (3)
Chicago, Illinois (3)
Garry Unger, St. Louis Blues

28th (1975)
Wales 7 – Campbell 1
Montreal Canadiens (10)
Montreal Forum (10)
Montreal, Quebec (10)
Syl Apps, Jr., Pittsburgh Penguins

29th (1976)
Wales 7 – Campbell 5
Philadelphia Flyers (1)
The Spectrum
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Peter Mahovlich, Montreal Canadiens

30th (1977)
Wales 4 – Campbell 3
Vancouver Canucks (1)
Pacific Coliseum
Vancouver, British Columbia
Rick Martin, Buffalo Sabres

31st (1978)
Wales 3 – Campbell 2 (OT)
Buffalo Sabres (1)
Buffalo Memorial Auditorium
Buffalo, New York
Billy Smith, New York Islanders

(1979)
Canceled in favour of the 1979 Challenge Cup between the NHL All–Stars and the Soviet Union.

32nd (1980)
Wales 6 – Campbell 3
Detroit Red Wings (5)
Joe Louis Arena
Detroit, Michigan (5)
Reggie Leach, Philadelphia Flyers

33rd (1981)
Campbell 4 – Wales 1
Los Angeles Kings (1)
The Forum
Inglewood, California
Mike Liut, St. Louis Blues

34th (1982)
Wales 4 – Campbell 2
Washington Capitals (1)
Capital Centre
Landover, Maryland
Mike Bossy, New York Islanders

35th (1983)
Campbell 9 – Wales 3
New York Islanders (1)
Nassau Coliseum
Uniondale, New York
Wayne Gretzky, Edmonton Oilers

36th (1984)
Wales 7 – Campbell 6
New Jersey Devils (1)
Brendan Byrne Arena
East Rutherford, New Jersey
Don Maloney, New York Rangers

37th (1985)
Wales 6 – Campbell 4
Calgary Flames (1)
Olympic Saddledome
Calgary, Alberta
Mario Lemieux, Pittsburgh Penguins

38th (1986)
Wales 4 – Campbell 3 (OT)
Hartford Whalers (1)
Hartford Civic Center
Hartford, Connecticut
Grant Fuhr, Edmonton Oilers

(1987)
Canceled in favour of Rendez-vous '87 between the NHL All–Stars and the Soviet Union.

39th (1988)
Wales 6 – Campbell 5 (OT)
St. Louis Blues (2)
St. Louis Arena (2)
St. Louis, Missouri (2)
Mario Lemieux, Pittsburgh Penguins

40th (1989)
Campbell 9 – Wales 5
Edmonton Oilers (1)
Northlands Coliseum
Edmonton, Alberta
Wayne Gretzky, Los Angeles Kings

41st (1990)
Wales 12 – Campbell 7
Pittsburgh Penguins (1)
Pittsburgh Civic Arena
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Mario Lemieux, Pittsburgh Penguins

42nd (1991)
Campbell 11 – Wales 5
Chicago Blackhawks (4)
Chicago Stadium (4)
Chicago, Illinois (4)
Vincent Damphousse, Toronto Maple Leafs

43rd (1992)
Campbell 10 – Wales 6
Philadelphia Flyers (2)
The Spectrum
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2)
Brett Hull, St. Louis Blues

44th (1993)
Wales 16 – Campbell 6
Montreal Canadiens (11)
Montreal Forum (11)
Montreal, Quebec (11)
Mike Gartner, New York Rangers

1994
East 9 – West 8
New York Rangers (2)
Madison Square Garden (2)
New York City, New York (2)
Mike Richter, New York Rangers

(1995)
Canceled due to the league's lockout.
Game was originally set to play at the San Jose Arena in San Jose, California.

1996
East 5 – West 4
Boston Bruins (2)
FleetCenter
Boston, Massachusetts (2)
Ray Bourque, Boston Bruins

1997
East 11 – West 7
San Jose Sharks (1)
San Jose Arena
San Jose, California
Mark Recchi, Montreal Canadiens

1998
North America 8 – World 7
Vancouver Canucks (2)
General Motors Place
Vancouver, British Columbia (2)
Teemu Selanne, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim

1999
North America 8 – World 6
Tampa Bay Lightning (1)
Ice Palace
Tampa, Florida
Wayne Gretzky, New York Rangers

2000
World 9 – North America 4
Toronto Maple Leafs (8)
Air Canada Centre
Toronto, Ontario (8)
Pavel Bure, Florida Panthers

2001
North America 14 – World 12
Colorado Avalanche (1)
Pepsi Center
Denver, Colorado
Bill Guerin, Boston Bruins

2002
World 8 – North America 5
Los Angeles Kings (2)
Staples Center
Los Angeles, California
Éric Daze, Chicago Blackhawks

2003
West 6 – East 5 (SO)
Florida Panthers (1)
Office Depot Center
Sunrise, Florida
Dany Heatley, Atlanta Thrashers

2004
East 6 – West 4
Minnesota Wild (1)
Xcel Energy Center
Saint Paul, Minnesota
Joe Sakic, Colorado Avalanche

(2005)
Canceled due to the League's lockout.
Game was originally set to play at the Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia.

(2006)
No game due to the XX Winter Olympic Games in Turin, Italy.
Game was originally set to play at Jobing.com Arena in Glendale, Arizona.

2007
West 12 – East 9
Dallas Stars (1)
American Airlines Center
Dallas, Texas
Daniel Briere, Buffalo Sabres

2008
East 8 – West 7
Atlanta Thrashers (1)
Philips Arena
Atlanta, Georgia
Eric Staal, Carolina Hurricanes

2009
East 12 – West 11 (SO)
Montreal Canadiens (12)
Bell Centre
Montreal, Quebec (12)
Alexei Kovalev, Montreal Canadiens

(2010)
No game due to the XXI Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver, British Columbia.

2011
Team Lidstrom 11 – Team Staal 10
Carolina Hurricanes (1)
RBC Center
Raleigh, North Carolina
Patrick Sharp, Chicago Blackhawks

2012
Team Chara 12 – Team Alfredsson 9
Ottawa Senators (1)
Scotiabank Place
Ottawa, Ontario
Marian Gaborik, New York Rangers

(2013)
Canceled due to the League's lockout.
Game was originally set to play at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio.[22]

(2014)
No game due to the XXII Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia.

2015
Team Toews 17 – Team Foligno 12
Columbus Blue Jackets (1)
Nationwide Arena
Columbus, Ohio
Ryan Johansen, Columbus Blue Jackets

2016
Atlantic 4 – Metropolitan 3
Pacific 9 – Central 6
Pacific 1 – Atlantic 0
Nashville Predators (1)
Bridgestone Arena
Nashville, Tennessee
John Scott[a]

2017
Pacific 10 – Central 3
Metropolitan 10 – Atlantic 6
Metropolitan 4 – Pacific 3
Los Angeles Kings (3)
Staples Center (2)
Los Angeles, California (2)
Wayne Simmonds, Philadelphia Flyers

2018
Pacific 5 – Central 2
Atlantic 7 – Metropolitan 4
Pacific 5 – Atlantic 2
Tampa Bay Lightning (2)
Amalie Arena (2)
Tampa, Florida (2)
Brock Boeser, Vancouver Canucks

2019

San Jose Sharks (2)
SAP Center (2)
San Jose, California (2)

text: Jump up ^ Scott was selected as an All-Star while he was a member of the Arizona Coyotes, through a fan vote. Between the time of being voted in and the game, Scott was traded on January 15 to the Montreal Canadiens, who sent him down to their AHL affiliate St. John's IceCaps; the league, on January 19, cleared Scott to remain in the All-Star Game.[23] As a result of the trade and demotion, Scott wore a generic NHL jersey in the Skills Competition and did not represent any specific team.[24]

text: Statistical leaders[edit]

text: Leading scorers[edit]

text:
Player
Points (g-a)
Games Played

Wayne Gretzky
25 (13–12)
18

Mario Lemieux
23 (13–10)
10

Joe Sakic
22 (6–16)
12

Mark Messier
20 (6–14)
15

Gordie Howe
19 (10–9)
23

text: Most appearances[edit]

text:
Gordie Howe, 23 times
Ray Bourque, 19 times
Wayne Gretzky, 18 times
Frank Mahovlich, 15 times
Paul Coffey, 15 times
Mark Messier, 15 times
Scott Stevens, 13 times
Alex Delvecchio, 13 times
Glenn Hall, 13 times
Al MacInnis, 13 times
Jaromir Jagr, 12 times
Joe Sakic, 12 times (elected to the team 13 times, was injured in 1997)
Terry Sawchuk, 11 times
Patrick Roy, 11 times
Nicklas Lidstrom, 11 times
Teemu Selanne, 11 times
Brian Leetch, 10 times
Mario Lemieux, 10 times
Jari Kurri, 10 times
Steve Yzerman, 10 times

text: Source:


document_title: Capital punishment in Texas

question_text: what form of death penalty does texas use

root

text: Capital punishment in Texas

text: History[edit]

text: The first recorded execution in Texas occurred in 1819 with the execution of a white male, George Brown, for piracy.[2] In 1840, a free black male, Henry Forbes, was executed for jail-breaking.[3] Prior to Texas statehood in 1846, eight executions—all by hanging—were carried out.[2]

tag: p

text: Upon statehood, hanging would be the method used for almost all executions until 1924. Hangings were administered by the county where the trial took place. The last hanging in the state was that of Nathan Lee, a man convicted of murder and executed in Angleton, Brazoria County, Texas on August 31, 1923.[4] The only other method used at the time was execution by firing squad, which was used for three Confederate deserters during the American Civil War as well as a man convicted of attempted rape in 1863.[5]

text: Texas changed its execution laws in 1923, requiring the executions be carried out on the electric chair and that they take place at the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville (also known as Huntsville Unit). From 1928 until 1965, this was also home to the state's male death row. The first executions on the electric chair were on February 8, 1924, when Charles Reynolds, Ewell Morris, George Washington, Mack Matthews, and Melvin Johnson had their death sentences carried out. The five executions were the most carried out on a single day in the state. The state would conduct multiple executions on a single day on several other occasions, the last being on August 9, 2000. Since then, the state has not executed more than one person on a single day, though there is no law prohibiting it. A total of 361 people were electrocuted in Texas, with the last being Joseph Johnson on July 30, 1964.

text: The United States Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia (408 U.S. 238 (1972)), which declared Georgia's "unitary trial" procedure (in which the jury was asked to return a verdict of guilt or innocence and, simultaneously, determine whether the defendant would be punished by death or life imprisonment) to be unconstitutional on the grounds that it was a cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution, essentially negated all death penalty sentences nationwide.

text: As result of the Furman decision, the 52 Texas death-row inmates at the time had all their sentences reduced to life imprisonment.[6] Among them was Kenneth McDuff, who was originally condemned for the murder of three teenagers in 1966. He was paroled in 1989 and executed in 1998 for a murder he committed while on parole, and is suspected to have been responsible for many other killings.[7]

text: Furman led to a 1973 revision of the laws, primarily by introducing the bifurcated trial process (where the guilt-innocence and punishment phases are separate) and narrowly limiting the legal definition of capital murder (and, thus, those offenses for which the death penalty could be imposed).  The first person sentenced to death under a new Texas statute was John Devries on February 15, 1974; Devries hanged himself in his cell on July 1, 1974 (using bedsheets from his bunk) before he could be executed.[6][8]

text: The Supreme Court decision in Gregg v. Georgia in 1976 once again allowed for the death penalty to be imposed.  (A Texas case was a companion case in the Gregg decision and was upheld by the Court; the Court stated that Texas' death penalty scheme could potentially result in fewer death penalty cases, an irony given that post-Gregg Texas has by far executed more inmates than any other state.)  However, the first execution in Texas after this decision would not take place until December 7, 1982 with that of Charles Brooks, Jr.. Brooks was also the first person to be judicially executed by lethal injection in the world, and the first African American to be executed in the United States since 1967.

text: In the post-Gregg era, Texas has executed 551 people.[9] There are a variety of proposed legal and cultural explanations as to why Texas has more executions than any other state. One possible reason is due to the federal appellate structure – federal appeals from Texas are made to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Michael Sharlot, dean of the University of Texas at Austin Law School, found the Fifth Circuit to be a "much more conservative circuit" than the Ninth Circuit to which federal appeals from California are made.  According to him, the Fifth is "more deferential to the popular will" that is strongly pro-death penalty and creates few legal obstacles to execution within its jurisdiction.[10][11] As of 2004, however, Texas may have a lower rate of death sentencing than other states, according to a study by Cornell University.[12]

text: Texas has executed nine women in its history, the most recent being Lisa Ann Coleman on September 17, 2014.

text: Capital crimes[edit]

text: Under Texas statutes, a murder is capital if the offender:[13]

text:
Murders a public safety officer (police officer, fireman, or EMT/paramedic) who is acting in the lawful discharge of an official duty and who the person knows is a police officer, fireman, or EMT/paramedic
Intentionally commits the murder in the course of committing or attempting to commit aggravated kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat
Commits the murder for remuneration or the promise of remuneration or employs another to commit the murder for remuneration or the promise of remuneration
Commits the murder while escaping or attempting to escape from a penal institution
Commits the murder, while incarcerated, of a person who is employed in the operation of the penal institution or with the intent to establish, maintain, or participate in a combination or in the profits of a combination
Commits the murder while incarcerated for murder; or while serving a sentence of life imprisonment or a term of 99 years for aggravated kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault or aggravated robbery
Murders more than one person during the same criminal transaction or during different criminal transactions but the murders are committed pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct
Murders an individual under 10 years of age
Murders another person in retaliation for or on account of the service or status of the other person as a judge or justice of the supreme court, the court of criminal appeals, a court of appeals, a district court, a criminal district court, a constitutional county court, a statutory county court, a justice court, or a municipal court.

tag: ol

text: Texas statute books still provide the death penalty for aggravated sexual assault committed by an offender previously convicted of the same against a child under 14.

text: Under Texas law, offenders under 17 are not executed[14] but the US Supreme Court in Roper v. Simmons has ruled capital punishment to be unconstitional for those under 18 when the crime was committed.[15] The victim's age under which child murder is punishable by death was raised from six to 10 in 2011 by the Texas legislature.[16]

text: Legal procedure[edit]

text: The prosecution may choose not to seek the death penalty. This can be for various reasons, such as the prosecution believing that they could not show the defendant worthy of death, or the family of the victim has asked that the death penalty not be imposed.

text: Trial phase[edit]

text: When the prosecution seeks the death penalty, the sentence is decided by the jury. A death sentence must be unanimous, while a life sentence requires only 10 votes.

text: In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a life sentence is issued, even if a single juror opposed death (there is no retrial).

text: Jurors in the sentencing phase are first asked to determine whether the defendant represents a future danger to society; only after ruling that "there is a probability that the defendant would commit criminal acts of violence that would constitute a continuing threat to society" will the jury choose the sentence itself, by deciding whether there is "sufficient mitigating circumstance or circumstances to warrant that a sentence of life imprisonment without parole rather than a death sentence be imposed" or not.

text: Appeals[edit]

text: The imposition of a death sentence in Texas results in an automatic direct appeal to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, the state's highest criminal tribunal (the intermediate Texas Court of Appeals is bypassed). A person convicted of capital murder may also attack their convictions or sentences via writs of habeas corpus at both the state and federal levels.[17]

text: Texas's appeal process has been criticized as too lengthy compared to other states such as Virginia by death penalty supporters. In 2016, the legal director for the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation Kent Scheidegger said: "In Texas, part of the problem is some cases go back for a second review to the trial court and some trial courts just sit on them for years. That simply shouldn't be allowed."[18]

text: Clemency[edit]

text: In addition to seeking judicial review of the sentence, a defendant may also appeal to the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles, a separate agency from TDCJ, for commutation of the sentence to life in prison.

text: The Board, after hearing testimony, decides whether or not to recommend commutation to the Governor of Texas.  If the Board recommends commutation, the Governor can accept or reject the recommendation.  However, if the board does not recommend commutation, the Governor has no power to override the Board's non-recommendation (the law was changed in 1936 due to concerns that pardons were being sold for cash under the administrations of former Governor James E. Ferguson and later his wife and Texas's first female Governor Miriam A. Ferguson).[19]

text: The only unilateral action which the Governor can take is to grant a one-time, 30-day reprieve to the defendant, and can do so regardless of what the Board recommends in a particular case.[20][21]

text: Since Texas reinstated the death penalty in 1976, only three defendants sentenced to death have been granted clemency by the Governor after a recommendation from the Board:

text:
Henry Lee Lucas in 1998 by George W. Bush.
Kenneth Foster in 2007 by Rick Perry.[22]
Thomas Bartlett Whitaker in 2018 by Greg Abbott.[23]

tag: ul

text: Death row[edit]

text: Male death row inmates are housed at the Polunsky Unit in West Livingston;[24] female death row inmates are housed at the Mountain View Unit in Gatesville. All death row inmates at both units are physically segregated from the general population, are housed in individual cells approximately 60 square feet (5.6 m2) in size, and engage in recreational activities in a cage individually, separate from the general population and other death row inmates. Photographs taken inside death row were provided by the State of Texas in response to a Freedom of Information Act (United States) request filed by attorney Yolanda Torres in 2009.[25] Death row inmates receive special death row ID numbers starting with 999 instead of regular Texas Department of Criminal Justice numbers.[26]

text: Death row prisoners, along with prisoners in administrative segregation, are seated individually on prison transport vehicles. The TDCJ makes death row prisoners wear various restraints, including belly chains and leg irons, while being transported.[27] Death row offenders and offenders with life imprisonment without parole enter the TDCJ system through two points; men enter through the Byrd Unit in Huntsville, and women enter through the Reception Center in Christina Crain Unit, Gatesville. From there, death row inmates go to their designated death row facilities.[28]

text: Previously death row inmates were permitted to work. After an escape attempt occurred in 1998, the prison work program was suspended.[29]

text: The state of Texas began housing death row inmates in the Huntsville Unit in 1928. In 1965 the male death row inmates moved to the Ellis Unit. In 1999 the male death row moved to Polunsky.[30] In the 1923-1973 period Texas state authorities had three female death row inmates;[31] the first, Emma "Straight Eight" Oliver, was held at Huntsville Unit after her 1949 sentencing, but had her sentence commuted to life imprisonment in 1951.[32] Mary Anderson, sentenced to death in 1978,[33] was held at Goree Unit.[32] Her death sentence was reversed in 1982,[33] and the sentence was changed to murder.[34]

text: Execution procedure[edit]

text: The TDCJ website maintains a list of inmates with scheduled execution dates, which is generally updated within 1–2 days after an execution date is set, an execution takes place, or a stay of execution is granted and the date withdrawn.

text: Date of execution[edit]

text: The judge presiding over a capital case sets the execution date once it appears that all the offender's appeals have been exhausted.[35] The initial date of execution cannot be prior to the 91st day after the day the order is entered and (if the original order is withdrawn) subsequent execution dates cannot be less than the 31st day after the order is entered, provided that no habeas corpus motion has been filed under Article 11.071; otherwise, the date cannot be set prior to the court either denying relief, or issuing its mandate.[36]  In the event an offender manages to escape confinement, and not be re-arrested until after the set execution date, the revised date of execution shall be not less than 30 days from the date the order is issued.[37]

text: Execution day[edit]

text: The law does not prohibit multiple executions in a single day; however, Texas has not executed multiple offenders on a single day since August 9, 2000, on which two offenders were executed.[38]

text: The law only specifies that "[t]he execution shall take place at a location designated by the Texas Department of Corrections in a room arranged for that purpose."[39]  However, since 1923, all executions have been carried out at the Huntsville Unit, the former location of death row.

text: On the afternoon of a prisoner's scheduled execution,[40] he or she is transported directly from his or her death row unit to the Huntsville Unit.[41] Men leave the Polunsky Unit in a three-vehicle convoy bound for the Huntsville Unit;[40] women leave from the Mountain View Unit. The only individuals who are informed of the transportation arrangements are the wardens of the affected units. The TDCJ does not make an announcement regarding what routes are used.[41]

text: Upon arrival at the Huntsville Unit, the condemned is led through a back gate, submits to a cavity search, then is placed in a holding cell.

text: Before 2011, the condemned was given an opportunity to have a last meal based on what the unit's cafeteria could prepare from its stock. Robert Perkinson, author of Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire, said in 2010 that most condemned prisoners ordered "standard American fare in heaping portions, the sorts of meals that recall a childhood Sunday."[40] Many female prisoners under the death sentence did not take a last meal.[42]  However, Lawrence Russel Brewer, a white supremacist gang member convicted for the high-profile hate crime dragging death of James Byrd Jr., ordered a large last meal and did not eat it before his execution. In response, John Whitmire, a member of the Texas legislature, asked the TDCJ to stop special meals. Whitmire stated to the press that Brewer's victim, Mr. Byrd, "didn't get to choose his last meal." The TDCJ complied. Brian Price, a former prison chef, offered to personally cook and pay for any subsequent special last meal since the TDCJ is not paying for them anymore.[43] However, Whitmire warned in a letter that he would seek formal state legislation when lawmakers next convened if the "last meal" tradition wasn't stopped immediately.[44]  Afterwards, the TDCJ stopped serving special last meals, and will only allow execution chamber prisoners to have the same kind of meal served to regular prisoners.[45]  Many prisoners requested cigarettes (which were denied as TDCJ has banned smoking in its facilities).

text: Under Texas law, executions are carried out at or after 6 p.m. Huntsville (Central) time "by intravenous injection of a substance or substances in a lethal quantity sufficient to cause death and until such convict is dead".[46]  The law does not specify the substance(s) to be used; previously, according to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice the chemicals used for the lethal injection were the commonly-used three-drug combination of (in order) sodium thiopental (a dose which sedates the offender, but not enough to kill outright), pancuronium bromide (a muscle relaxant which collapses the diaphragm and lungs), and potassium chloride (which stops the heartbeat). The offender is usually pronounced dead approximately seven minutes after start of the injection process; the cost for the three substances is $86.08 per offender.[6] As a result of drug shortages, sodium thiopental was replaced by pentobarbital in 2011.[47] Further shortages of this drug have pushed the cost of the drugs to approximately $1300 per offender.[48] Still further shortages of pancuronium bromide (and the expiration of the existing stock) forced the state into switching to a single-drug protocol, using solely pentobarbital.[49]

text: The only persons legally allowed to be present (none of whom can be convicts) at the execution are:[50]

text:
the executioner "and such persons as may be necessary to assist him in conducting the execution"
the Board of Directors of the Department of Corrections
two physicians including the prison physician
the spiritual advisor of the condemned
the chaplains of the Department of Corrections
the county judge and sheriff of the county in which the crime was committed
no more than five relatives or friends of the condemned person

text: In response to victims rights groups, TDCJ adopted a board rule in January 1996 allowing five victim witnesses (six for multiple victims). Initially the witnesses were limited to immediate family and individuals with a close relationship to the victim, but the board rule was modified in 1998 to allow close friends of surviving witnesses, and further modified in May 2008 to allow the victim witnesses to be accompanied by a spiritual advisor who is a bona fide pastor or comparable official of the victim's religion.[51]

text: Media coverage[edit]

text: Five members of the media are also allowed to witness the execution, divided equally as possible between the rooms containing the offender's and victim's witnesses.[51]

text: Under current TDCJ guidelines, representatives of the Associated Press and The Huntsville Item (the local newspaper for Huntsville, Texas) are guaranteed two of the five slots to witness an execution.[52]  The Associated Press regularly sends a representative to cover executions; Michael Graczyk (from the AP's Houston office) is usually the representative sent, having attended over 300 executions in his career.  The Item also generally covers all executions, regardless of county of conviction (Cody Stark is generally the representative).

text: Other media members must submit their requests at least three days prior to the execution date; priority will be given to media members representing the area in which the capital crime took place.  Generally, other newspapers will only cover executions where the crime was committed within their general circulation area (the Houston Chronicle is often one of them, with Harris County being the state's largest and having the most number of inmates on death row), and frequently even then will rely on the AP report.[53]  College and university media are not permitted to be witnesses.[52]

text: Post-execution[edit]

text: Upon the offender's death the body shall be immediately embalmed, and shall be disposed of as follows:[54]

text:
A relative or bona fide friend of the offender may demand or request the body within 48 hours after death, upon payment of a fee not to exceed US$25 for the mortician's services in embalming the deceased; once TDCJ receives the receipt the body shall be released to the requestor or his/her authorized agent.
If no relative or bona fide friend requests the body, the Anatomical Board of the State of Texas may request the body, but must also pay the US$25 fee for embalming services and TDCJ must receive the receipt prior to delivery.
If no relative, bona fide friend, or the Anatomical Board requests the body, TDCJ shall cause the body to be "decently buried" with the embalming fee to be paid by the county in which the indictment resulting in the conviction occurred.

text: The TDCJ keeps an online record of all of its executions, including race, age, county of origin, and last words.[55] The TDCJ is the only corrections agency in the US to extensively catalog the last words of executed inmates, and the only one to post the last words other than the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR).[56]

text: The main TDCJ prison cemetery for prisoners not picked up by their families after death is the Captain Joe Byrd Cemetery in Huntsville. Headstones of death row prisoners have prison numbers with the beginning “999”, a state designation for a death row inmate, or they have the letters "EX" or "X".[57]

text: Franklin T. "Frank" Wilson, an assistant professor of criminology at Indiana State University,[58] and a former PhD student at Sam Houston State University,[59] stated that about 2% of the people buried at the Byrd Cemetery had been executed, but the public believes that all executed prisoners are buried there because the Huntsville Unit, the site of execution in Texas, is in close proximity.[59] Most executed prisoners are claimed by their families.[57] While most prisoner funerals at Byrd Cemetery are held on Thursdays, in order to allow families of executed prisoners to make a single trip to Huntsville instead of two separate trips, the burial of an executed prisoner not claimed by the family is usually done the day after his or her execution.[57]

text: Opposition[edit]

text: The Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, a 501(c)(3) grassroots membership organization was founded in 1998.  TCADP has members across the state of Texas working to educate their local communities on the problems of the Texas death penalty.  TCADP hosts multiple education and training opportunities each year around the state including releasing an annual report on December 7 and a day-long annual conference which includes workshops, panel discussions, networking and awards.  The conference is held in Austin during legislative years and in other Texas Cities in non-legislative years (2012: San Antonio).  TCADP opened a state office in Austin in 2004 with a paid program coordinator and hired an executive director in 2008.  TCADP is affiliated with the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty.

text: The March to Abolish the Death Penalty is the current name of an event organized each October since 2000 by several Texas anti-death penalty organizations, including Texas Moratorium Network, the Austin chapter of the Campaign to End the Death Penalty, the Texas Death Penalty Abolition Movement and Texas Students Against the Death Penalty.[60] Anti-Death Penalty Alternative Spring Break is an annual event started by Texas Moratorium Network in 2004 and now co-organized by Texas Students Against the Death Penalty. It serves as a training ground for students who oppose the death penalty.[61]

text: The Death Row Inner-Communalist Vanguard Engagement (D.R.I.V.E.) consists of several male death row inmates from the Polunsky Unit. Through a variety of non-violent strategies, they have begun launching protests against the perceived bad conditions at Polunsky, in particular, and capital punishment, in general. They actively seek to consistently voice complaints to the administration, to organize grievance filing to address problems. They occupy day rooms, non-violently refuse to evacuate their cells or initiate sit-ins in visiting rooms, hallways, pod runs and recreation yards when there is the perception of an act of abuse of authority by guards (verbal abuse; physical abuse; meals/recreations or showers being wrongly denied; unsanitary day rooms and showers being allowed to persist; medical being denied; paper work being denied; refusing to contact higher rank to address the problems and complaints) and when alleged retaliation (thefts, denials, destruction of property; food restrictions; wrongful denials of visits; abuse of inmates) is carried out in response to their grievances.

text: In 2016, Pfizer and other drug manufacturers banned the use of their products for lethal injections.  Texas and other states were reported to be finding it difficult to obtain supplies of drugs for executions.[62]

text: Alleged execution of innocent persons[edit]

text: Cameron Todd Willingham[edit]

text: One notable case involves Cameron Todd Willingham, who was executed by lethal injection on February 17, 2004 for murdering his three daughters in 1991 by arson, but where a 2009 article in The New Yorker, and subsequent findings, have cast doubt on the evidence used in his conviction.

text: In 2009, a report conducted by Dr. Craig Beyler, hired by the Texas Forensic Science Commission to review the case, found that "a finding of arson could not be sustained". Beyler said that key testimony from a fire marshal at Willingham's trial was "hardly consistent with a scientific mind-set and is more characteristic of mystics or psychics”.[63]

text: Governor Rick Perry expressed skepticism of Beyler's findings. He stated that court records showed evidence of Willingham’s guilt in charges that he intentionally killed his daughters in the fire. Perry is quoted in the report as stating of Willingham, "I’m familiar with the latter-day supposed experts on the arson side of it," and Perry said that court records provide "clear and compelling, overwhelming evidence that he was in fact the murderer of his children."[64]  The Corsicana Fire Department also released a 19-page rebuttal of Beyler's report, stating that the report overlooked several key points that would show Willingham to be guilty.[65]

text: On July 23, 2010, the Texas Forensic Science Commission released a report saying that the conviction was based on "flawed science", but that there is no indication that the arson authorities were negligent or committed willful misconduct.[66]

text: Carlos DeLuna[edit]

text: Carlos DeLuna was convicted of murder and executed in 1989 for the killing of a 24-year-old gas station attendant on the evening of February 4, 1983.[55]  Since DeLuna's execution by lethal injection, doubts have been raised about the conviction and the question of his guilt. An investigation published by the Columbia Human Rights Law Review in May 2012 has strengthened these claims of innocence by detailing a large amount of evidence suggesting the actual murderer was Carlos Hernandez, a similar-looking man who lived in a nearby neighborhood.[67]

text: Frances Newton[edit]

text: Frances Newton was executed in 2005 despite much doubt about her guilt, and much confusion over the actual weapon used in the murder(s) for which she was sentenced to death.[68]

text: Johnny Frank Garrett[edit]

text: Johnny Frank Garrett was executed in 1992 for killing  76-year-old nun Tadea Benz in Amarillo in 1981. In 2004, after DNA-analyses, Leoncio Perez Rueda was found to be the murderer of Narnie Box Bryson, who was killed four months before Sister Benz. After being confronted, the murderer confessed to killing Bryson. Rueda is also believed to have been the real murderer of Sister Benz.

text: Execution of Mexican nationals[edit]

text: Four Mexican nationals have been recently executed in Texas – José Medellín in 2008, Humberto Leal García in 2011, Édgar Tamayo Árias in 2014 and Rubén Cárdenas Ramírez in 2017 (Prior to Medellin v. Texas, four Mexican nationals were executed by Texas, who were Ramón Montoya, Irineo Montoya, Miguel Flores, and Javier Suárez Medina, in 1993, 1997, 2000 and 2001 respectively.) At the time of their arrests in the early 1990s, neither had been informed of their rights as Mexican nationals to have the Mexican consulate informed of the charges and provide legal assistance. A 2004 ruling by the International Court of Justice concluded that the U.S. had violated the rights of 51 Mexican nationals, including Medellín and García, under the terms of a treaty the U.S. had signed.[69] In response to the ruling, the Bush administration issued an instruction that states comply,[70] but the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it had exceeded its authority. The Supreme Court also ruled in Medellin v. Texas that the treaty was not binding on states until Congress enacted statutes to implement it, and in Leal Garcia v. Texas declined to place a stay on the executions in order to allow Congress additional time to enact such a statute. A 2008 ruling by the International Court of Justice asked the United States to place a stay on the executions, but Texas officials stated that they were not bound by international law.[71]

text: García supporters complained about the use of bite mark analysis and luminol in determining his guilt.[72] However, García accepted responsibility for the crimes and apologized before his execution.[73]

text: Regarding the García execution, Texas Governor Rick Perry stated that "If you commit the most heinous of crimes in Texas, you can expect to face the ultimate penalty under our laws."[74]


document_title: List of countries by food energy intake

question_text: who eats the most food in the world

question_tokens: who eats the most food in the world

text: List of countries by food energy intake

text: Food consumption refers to the amount of food available for human consumption as estimated by the FAO Food Balance Sheets. However the actual food consumption may be lower than the quantity shown as food availability depending on the magnitude of wastage and losses of food in the household, e.g. during storage, in preparation and cooking, as plate-waste or quantities fed to domestic animals and pets, thrown or given away.[2]

text: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the average minimum daily energy requirement is about 1,800 kilocalories (7,500 kJ) per person.[3]

text:
Rank
Country
Average daily dietary energy consumption per capita (2006-08)[4]

kilocalories
kilojoules

1
 United States
3,800
15,900

2
 Austria
3,750
15,690

3
 Greece
3,710
15,520

4
 Belgium
3,690
15,440

5
 Luxembourg
3,680
15,400

6
 Italy
3,650
15,270

7
 Malta
3,600
15,060

8
 Ireland
3,590
15,020

9
 Portugal
3,580
14,980

10
 Germany
3,540
14,810

11
 Canada
3,530
14,770

12
 France
3,530
14,770

13
 Israel
3,530
14,770

14
 Kazakhstan
3,510
14,690

15
 Turkey
3,500
14,640

16
 Romania
3,490
14,600

17
 Hungary
3,470
14,520

18
 Norway
3,450
14,430

19
  Switzerland
3,450
14,430

20
 United Kingdom
3,450
14,430

21
 Lithuania
3,430
14,350

22
 Cuba
3,420
14,310

23
 Denmark
3,410
14,270

24
 Poland
3,410
14,270

25
 Tunisia
3,330
13,930

26
 Russia
3,320
13,890

27
 Ukraine
3,290
13,770

28
 Czech Republic
3,280
13,720

29
 Iceland
3,260
13,640

30
 Mexico
3,260
13,640

31
 Morocco
3,260
13,640

—
 Netherlands Antilles
3,260
13,640

32
 Spain
3,260
13,640

33
 Australia
3,220
13,470

34
 Finland
3,220
13,470

35
 Slovenia
3,220
13,470

36
 Cyprus
3,190
13,350

37
 United Arab Emirates
3,170
13,260

38
 Egypt
3,160
13,220

39
 Belarus
3,150
13,180

40
 Libya
3,150
13,180

—
 New Caledonia
3,150
13,180

41
 Estonia
3,140
13,140

42
 Brazil
3,120
13,050

43
 Saudi Arabia
3,120
13,050

44
 Sweden
3,110
13,010

45
 Algeria
3,090
12,930

46
 Dominica
3,090
12,930

47
 Lebanon
3,090
12,930

48
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
3,080
12,890

49
 Macedonia
3,060
12,800

50
 Iran
3,050
12,760

51
 South Korea
3,040
12,720

52
 Syria
3,040
12,720

53
 Argentina
3,030
12,680

54
 Kuwait
3,030
12,680

55
 Azerbaijan
3,020
12,640

56
 Barbados
3,020
12,640

57
 Fiji
3,000
12,550

58
 Jordan
3,000
12,550

59
 Netherlands
3,000
12,550

60
 South Africa
3,000
12,550

61
 China
2,990
12,510

62
 Croatia
2,990
12,510

63
 Latvia
2,990
12,510

64
 Brunei
2,980
12,470

65
 Chile
2,960
12,380

66
 Vanuatu
2,950
12,340

67
 Mauritius
2,930
12,260

68
 Ghana
2,900
12,130

69
 Slovakia
2,900
12,130

70
 Albania
2,890
12,090

71
 Malaysia
2,890
12,090

72
 Samoa
2,890
12,090

—
 French Polynesia
2,880
12,050

73
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2,860
11,970

74
 Moldova
2,850
11,920

75
 Jamaica
2,840
11,880

76
 Uruguay
2,840
11,880

77
 Costa Rica
2,820
11,800

78
 Kiribati
2,820
11,800

79
 Mauritania
2,810
11,760

80
 New Zealand
2,810
11,760

81
 Japan
2,800
11,720

82
 Vietnam
2,780
11,630

83
 Bulgaria
2,760
11,550

84
 Guyana
2,740
11,460

85
 Turkmenistan
2,740
11,460

86
 Georgia
2,730
11,420

87
 Bahamas
2,710
11,340

88
 Belize
2,710
11,340

89
 Gabon
2,710
11,340

90
 Nigeria
2,710
11,340

91
 Saint Lucia
2,710
11,340

92
 Serbia
2,700
11,300

93
 Montenegro
2,700
11,300

94
 Trinidad and Tobago
2,700
11,300

95
 Burkina Faso
2,690
11,250

96
 Colombia
2,690
11,250

97
 Kyrgyzstan
2,660
11,130

98
 Paraguay
2,660
11,130

99
 Sao Tome and Principe
2,660
11,130

100
 Bermuda
2,650
11,090

101
 Venezuela
2,650
11,090

102
 Honduras
2,610
10,920

103
 Mali
2,590
10,840

104
 El Salvador
2,580
10,790

105
 Philippines
2,580
10,790

106
 Congo
2,570
10,750

107
 Uzbekistan
2,560
10,710

108
 Guinea
2,550
10,670

109
 Indonesia
2,550
10,670

110
 Maldives
2,550
10,670

111
 Thailand
2,540
10,630

112
 Cape Verde
2,530
10,590

113
 Benin
2,510
10,500

114
 Côte d'Ivoire
2,500
10,460

115
 Lesotho
2,460
10,290

116
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
2,460
10,290

117
 Suriname
2,460
10,290

118
 Panama
2,450
10,250

119
 Nicaragua
2,420
10,130

120
 Peru
2,410
10,080

121
 Grenada
2,400
10,040

122
 Seychelles
2,400
10,040

123
 Solomon Islands
2,400
10,040

124
 Niger
2,390
10,000

125
 Sri Lanka
2,370
9,920

126
 India
2,360
9,870

127
 Namibia
2,360
9,870

128
   Nepal
2,340
9,790

129
 Antigua and Barbuda
2,330
9,750

130
 Gambia
2,330
9,750

131
 Djibouti
2,300
9,620

132
 Ecuador
2,300
9,620

133
 Swaziland
2,290
9,580

134
 Pakistan
2,280
9,540

135
 Senegal
2,280
9,540

136
 Sudan
2,280
9,540

137
 Bangladesh
2,270
9,500

138
 Dominican Republic
2,270
9,500

139
 Guinea-Bissau
2,270
9,500

140
 Armenia
2,260
9,460

141
 Cameroon
2,240
9,370

142
 Laos
2,240
9,370

143
 Mongolia
2,240
9,370

144
 Botswana
2,230
9,330

145
 Uganda
2,220
9,290

146
 Zimbabwe
2,210
9,250

147
 Liberia
2,200
9,200

148
 Tajikistan
2,190
9,160

149
 Cambodia
2,180
9,120

150
 Guatemala
2,150
9,000

151
 Malawi
2,150
9,000

152
 Togo
2,150
9,000

153
 Madagascar
2,130
8,910

154
 Sierra Leone
2,120
8,870

155
 North Korea
2,110
8,830

156
 Bolivia
2,100
8,790

157
 Rwanda
2,090
8,740

158
 Palestine
2,080
8,700

159
 Mozambique
2,070
8,660

160
 Yemen
2,050
8,580

161
 Kenya
2,030
8,490

162
 Timor-Leste
2,020
8,450

163
 Tanzania
2,020
8,450

164
 Chad
2,010
8,410

165
 Angola
1,960
8,200

166
 Central African Republic
1,960
8,200

167
 Ethiopia
1,950
8,160

168
 Zambia
1,880
7,870

169
 Haiti
1,850
7,740

170
 Comoros
1,840
7,700

171
 Burundi
1,680
7,030

172
 Eritrea
1,590
6,650

tag: table


document_title: The Bold Type

question_text: who plays dr. ben on the bold type

question_tokens: who plays dr. ben on the bold type

text: The Bold Type

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series centers on three friends – Jane (Katie Stevens), Kat (Aisha Dee), and Sutton (Meghann Fahy) – who all work for Scarlet, a global women's magazine. The show explores their outrageous lives in New York City as they learn to find their own voices and explore their sexuality, identity, love, and fashion.[8]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Katie Stevens as Jane Sloan, a newly promoted writer at Scarlet magazine.[9] She leaves Scarlet at the end of Season 1, but returned in Season 2.
Aisha Dee as Kat Edison, the social media director at Scarlet magazine.[9]
Meghann Fahy as Sutton Brady, a fashion assistant at Scarlet magazine.[9]
Sam Page as Richard Hunter, a member of the Scarlet  board of directors and a lawyer for the magazine's publishing group. He is Sutton's lover in the first season. He and Sutton got back together in the Season 2 finale.[10]
Matt Ward as Alex Crawford, a writer at Scarlet magazine.[9]
Melora Hardin as Jacqueline Carlyle, editor-in-chief of Scarlet magazine.[11]
Stephen Conrad Moore as Oliver Grayson (season 2; recurring season 1),[12] head of the fashion department at Scarlet magazine.
Nikohl Boosheri as Adena El-Amin (season 2; recurring season 1),[12] a photographer who is Kat's romantic interest.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Emily C. Chang as Lauren Park (season 1), the executive editor of Scarlet.
Dan Jeannotte as Ryan Decker, a writer at Pinstripe magazine, who is also Jane's romantic interest. The women refer to him as "Pinstripe".
Luca James Lee as Ben Chau (season 2), an OB/GYN who is also Jane's new love interest.[13]
Siobhan Murphy as Cleo (season 2), a newly hired board member at Scarlet.[13]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired110June 20, 2017 (2017-06-20)September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)210June 12, 2018 (2018-06-12)August 7, 2018 (2018-08-07)

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitle [14][15]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date [14][15]U.S. viewers(millions)11"Pilot"Gary FlederSarah WatsonJune 20, 2017 (2017-06-20)[a]0.24[16] (preview)0.36[17] (premiere)
Best friends Jane, Kat and Sutton met as assistants at Scarlet magazine under the guiding eye of editor in chief, Jacqueline. Four years on, Jane is a newly promoted writer, tasked with stalking her ex-boyfriend without the use of social media. Kat, who was promoted to social media director two years ago, goes after Adena, a proud Muslim lesbian artist, who pulled her feature story from the August issue. Meanwhile, Sutton tries not to feel left behind as her friends reach their career goals, and Jane and Kat discover that Sutton has been having a secret affair with Scarlet lawyer, Richard.
22"O Hell No"Victor Nelli Jr.Sarah WatsonJuly 11, 2017 (2017-07-11)0.30[17]
At a crossroads, Sutton approaches Lauren about taking the next step in her career, and in a supportive move, Lauren sets her up with Richard for an informational interview which later leads to a job offer in advertisement sales. Jacqueline appoints Jane with writing an article for the sex column, but Jane has never had an orgasm. Struggling for inspiration, Jane visits a sexologist, and after a yoni egg mishap, she writes a completely honest piece. When Adena returns to New York, Kat finds herself questioning her sexual identity as her feelings for Adena continue to grow, and things are further complicated when Kat discovers that Adena has a girlfriend.
33"The Woman Behind the Clothes"Tara Nicole WeyrJustin W. LoJuly 18, 2017 (2017-07-18)0.28[18]
After posting a gender inequality article online, Kat finds herself a victim of Internet trolling. Sutton and Jane are worried for Kat's safety, but Kat's confidence does not see her worried, not until one of the trolls uncovers a topless photo she took. Sutton goes after an assistant's job in the fashion department, but has to juggle preparation for the fashion show, while still being Lauren's assistant. Meanwhile, Jane ditches her date with Ryan to chase an article on a congresswoman, but when she is revoked, Jane comes up with a different angle to get her story.
44"If You Can't Do It with Feeling"Anna MastroWendy Straker HauserJuly 25, 2017 (2017-07-25)0.36[19]
Adena asks Kat to write her a letter of recommendation so she can extend her work visa. While taking a walk, a man makes a racist remark towards Adena, and when Kat retaliates, she is arrested for assault. After Jacqueline bails Kat out, Kat and Adena reunite and share a kiss. Jane is invited to speak on a panel about rising political voices under 30, but the panel does not go as Jane had anticipated. Sutton is concerned that Oliver has her professional background confused with one of the other applicants, and when the truth comes out, Sutton puts everything she has into making one last impression, which earns her the fashion assistant job.
55"No Feminism in the Champagne Room"Jamie TravisLynn SternbergerAugust 1, 2017 (2017-08-01)0.35[20]
Jane is sued for defamation after writing an article about a woman who left her finance job to become a stripper. When a settlement hearing does not go as planned, Jane learns of the consequences her article has had. After sharing their first kiss and spending the night together, Kat and Adena deal with their feelings of guilt and trepidation. As Kat overcomes her fear of being in a relationship and is ready to take a leap of faith, Adena reveals she is leaving for Paris to reconcile with her girlfriend. Meanwhile, Sutton receives her contract from Oliver, though her salary is much lower than she initially expected. Gaining confidence to confront Oliver, Sutton asks for some job perks in return for leaving her salary as is for now.
66"The Breast Issue"Jamie TravisMatt McGuinnessAugust 8, 2017 (2017-08-08)0.34[21]
Kat embarks on a social media campaign to free the nipple, and to raise breast cancer awareness and testing. Jane is assigned to write about a doctor testing women in their 20s for the BRCA mutation. Given that Jane's mother died of breast cancer, she is encouraged by Kat, Sutton, and Jaqueline to test herself for a BRCA mutation, but she is hesitant to do so. Meanwhile, Sutton attempts to prove her capabilities in the fashion department by obtaining a $5000 necklace for Oliver. However, she loses the necklace in a cab and begins a search for the necklace with Alex.
77"Three Girls in a Tub"Jann TurnerIan Deitchman & Kristin RobinsonAugust 15, 2017 (2017-08-15)0.29[22]
Kat has trouble teaching her new employee how to tweet for Scarlet's social media, and learns to how to manage her expanding team. Jane attempts to juggle dating two men. Sutton begins to make connections in the fashion world for her job. She accidentally attends high tea not realizing why it is called "high tea" before becoming high herself. All three have dinner at Richard's apartment, but end up spending most of the night in the bathtub. Jane tells Ryan that she cannot have a relationship with him because she wants to have a strong relationship with only one man. Sutton makes the difficult decision of breaking up with Richard due to the pressure of keeping their relationship a secret.
88"The End of the Beginning"Jann TurnerJustin W. Lo & Wendy Straker HauserAugust 22, 2017 (2017-08-22)0.28[23]
Kat stays over at Jane and Sutton's place while her apartment is being cleaned of bed bugs. Layoff rumors sweep through Scarlet like wildfire as levels of anxiety rise throughout the whole building. All three go on a group date since they have found themselves single for the first time in awhile. Jane and Alex put their hats in the ring for the chance to work for the all-digital magazine Incite. Sutton runs a photoshoot while Oliver is trapped in Cuba, but learns along the way why it is important to standup for herself from Jacqueline. Kat continues to stay in contact with Adena while she is in Paris, but finds out she wants to return to New York since she is unable to reconcile with her girlfriend.
99"Before Tequila Sunrise"Victor Nelli Jr.Lynn SternbergerAugust 29, 2017 (2017-08-29)0.36[24]
Due to Donald Trump being back in New York, Sutton, Jane, Ryan, and Alex are stuck in Scarlet. Kat rushes off to see Adena after she has trouble getting back in the country. Kat uses her parents' miles to buy a ticket so as to get behind customs to meet up with Adena. Jane is still unsure about whether to take the job at Incite or stay at Scarlet. After drinking, Sutton and Alex share a kiss and end up hooking up as Adena and Kat do the same at the airport. Kat thinks of going with Adena but ends up deciding to stay.
1010"Carry the Weight"Victor Nelli Jr.Sarah WatsonSeptember 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)0.33[25]
Sutton and Alex attempt to have a relationship, but it is cut short when Jacqueline catches them kissing in the stairwell. Richard later confesses to Sutton that he should "have fought for her". Jane is tasked with what she wanted to be her first article at Scarlet, but ended up being her last, about Mia, a sexual assault survivor. Kat buries herself in her work, trying to get over her recent decision of not joining Adena. Kat, Jane, and Sutton learn that Jacqueline is a sexual assault survivor herself. Jane ultimately leaves Scarlet magazine, Kat embarks on an adventure to be with Adena in South America, and Sutton takes Oliver's place at a fashion event.

text: Jump up ^ The pilot episode of The Bold Type was aired as a special preview on June 20, 2017, three weeks before its official television premiere on July 11, 2017.[5]

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitle [14][15]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date [14][15]U.S. viewers(millions)111"Feminist Army"Victor Nelli Jr.Amanda LasherJune 12, 2018 (2018-06-12)0.30[26]
Kat comes back from her trip with Jane and Sutton greeting her at the airport. She is blissfully in love with Adena and wants everyone to know that she has a girlfriend. Adena is also coming back to New York because her visa has been approved for 3 months. Jane writes her first article for Incite, but the woman that she interviews takes an unexpected turn for her article. A new corporate policy at Scarlet allows Sutton and Richard to date, but she is faced with a dilemma due a gossip about her “sleeping her way to the top”. Adena becomes upset that Kat keep flaunting their fairly new relationship.
122"Rose Colored Glasses"Victor Nelli Jr.Wendy Straker HauserJune 12, 2018 (2018-06-12)0.18[26]
Kat struggles with her identity after Jacqueline asks her to write a bio about herself and Alex recommends she includes a blurb about her race, which she sees as unimportant. Sutton begins to question why Oliver gave her the job, and whether he gave her the job for her talent, or due to rumors about her being a flirt, and struggles during a photoshoot. Jane leaves a voicemail for Emma, apologizing for the article but the voicemail ends up online. After attempting to clear up the incident on the news, Jane is fired. Meanwhile, Kat introduces Adena to her parents.
133"The Scarlet Letter"James TravisCéline GeigerJune 19, 2018 (2018-06-19)0.40[27]
Sutton is put in an awkward position after Kat pressures her into hiring Adena for her photoshoot, but together they end up improvising a new shoot after realizing the original idea was not working. Jane is unsuccessful at finding a job, but interviews a doctor named Ben for an freelance article. Jacqueline and Cleo disagree with how to promote the 'body positivity' issue of Scarlet. Jane returns to Scarlet to ask for her job back but Jacqueline believes Jane needs to "live in the moment" of failure.
144"OMG"Jamie TravisNeel ShahJune 26, 2018 (2018-06-26)0.33[28]
Jane goes on a date with Ben, but is torn when she discovers he's religious. She then runs into Pinstripe and discovers he's gossip writer, and accompanies him to a party, but realizes that gossip reporting isn't for her. Jane tells Ben why she's angry at religion, which has to do with her mom dying. Sutton, discouraged by her lack of advancement at Scarlet, makes friends with influencer Brooke Langley, but things take a turn when Brooke racks up a $500 cocaine charge on the Scarlet credit card. Kat starts meeting some of Adena's friends, but becomes anxious when Adena refuses to answer how many people she's slept with. Adena admits that she hasn't told Kat because she's protecting herself and their relationship, and they both admit that they love each other
155"Stride of Pride"Anna MastroMichelle A. Badillo & Caroline LevichJuly 3, 2018 (2018-07-03)0.36[29]
Jane is disheartened after learning she didn't get a job due to them wanting to increase their diversity hire resulting in Kat talking to her about her white privilege. Kat is tasked with the job of hiring new staff, but the person she picks is denied due to her lack of a college degree. However, after a talk with the board, she is given the go-ahead to hire her. Sutton discovers the guy she's seeing is married and decides to tell the wife about the affair. After telling her, she spots Richard with a new girl. Kat is shocked after having a sex dream about one of Adena's friends.
166"The Domino Effect"Anna MastroAmy-Jo PerryJuly 10, 2018 (2018-07-10)0.34[30]
Jane is nominated for an award for the article she wrote about Jacqueline's assault and is asked to write a follow up piece. In the process she finds out that Jacqueline was not the only victim. Kat goes out with some of Adena's friends and ends up making out with one of the woman there. Sutton is tasked with dressing Richard's new girlfriend and discovers they used to date. Kat comes clean to Adena and Adena realizes that Kat's curiosity about won't go away, but neither of them want to break up. Jane is called in by Jacqueline who hires her back at Scarlet.
177"Betsy"Marta CunninghamMatt McGuinnessJuly 17, 2018 (2018-07-17)0.27[31]
Jane is shocked to find a gun in her and Sutton's apartment, something Jane takes issue with. Kat and Adena talk and Adena suggests an open relationship in order to allow for Kat to explore her sexuality. Jane returns to Scarlet and decides to write an article about Sutton and her gun. Sutton attempts to get ahold of Brooke in order to get a bag she needs for a photoshoot. Sutton shows Jane and Adena her shotgun and Jane reveals she was close to Columbine when it happened. In order to get more of Sutton's side, Jane goes shooting with her, but immediately hates it and asks for the gun to be removed from their house. Kat starts having no strings attached sex with her uber driver. Jane realizes that Sutton shot in order to have a form of control while dealing with her alcoholic mother. Sutton reveals to Oliver that she doesn't have the bag he wants, but Oliver gets the bag due to a favour owed to him. Oliver tells Sutton that they're a team who work together. Sutton melts her gun down into earrings.
188"Plan B"Marta CunninghamBecky Hartman EdwardsJuly 24, 2018 (2018-07-24)0.33[32]
A trip to the gynecologist results in Jane's being told that due to the BRCA gene mutation she needs to start thinking about kids. Kat is approached by Cleo and asked to be the spokesperson of a skincare product while Sutton attempts to juggle the fashion department while Oliver is away. Kat later is told by Ryan that the CEO of the skincare company donates to conservative companies and Jane pitches a piece about motherhood to Jacqueline. Sutton attempts to make the photoshoot work on the budget she's given which results in Oliver loving the photoshoot. Kat does an ad for the product, but at the end reveals the truth about the company, resulting in Jacqueline explaining to Cleo why they don't do ads like that. Jane tells Ben about her BRCA gene mutation, and she is upset by his reaction. Jane later realizes the reason she has trouble picturing herself as a mom because she has so few memories of her own. The next day, Jane calls her brother to ask about their mom, Kat is encouraged by Jacqueline to do ads for companies that inspire her, and Sutton discovers Oliver invited her to Paris with him.
199"Trippin"Victor Nelli Jr.Céline Geiger & Neel ShahJuly 31, 2018 (2018-07-31)0.29[33]
Sutton prepares for her trip to Paris as Kat prepares for a relaunch of the Scarlet website. During a meeting Jacqueline informs everyone that comments would be disabled in stories moving forward. Jane becomes overwhelmed when Ben becomes too involved in her fertility plan. Sutton hits a snag when she can't find her real birth certificate needed for a passport so her, Jane and Kat drive to get her birth certificate from her mother, Babs. At home, Babs attempts to convince Sutton she's changed, having gotten a job, and was attending school, but Sutton refuses to believes her, not wanting to get her hopes up again. Babs revealed she sobered up after realizing she wanted to be part of Sutton's life again and Sutton agrees to slowly let her in again. Jacqueline realizes the mistake she made and reinstates the comment section again. Sutton gets her birth certificate in on time as Kat reveals she's going as well. Jane reveals she has decided to freeze her eggs and Kat reveals to Adena that she wants to be with just her.
2010"We'll Always Have Paris"Tara Nicole WeyrAnnie WeismanAugust 7, 2018 (2018-08-07)0.31[34]
Jane goes to get her eggs frozen, but discovers her insurance doesn't cover it. Cleo tells Jacqueline the board is talking about replacing her. Adena discovers she got approved for her visa and goes with Kat to Paris. Ben reveals that, due to him being a doctor, family can get their eggs frozen for free, and says he and Jane can lie and declare themselves domestic partners to get Jane in. Pinstripe tells Jane he wants to help pay for her to freeze her eggs, and in the process tells Jane he still likes her and they kiss. Jane decides to go to Paris. Kat then goes to meet with Coco and discovers that Adena hasn't produced any work since going to New York. Kat and Adena come to a wall in their relationship when Kat realizes Adena produced work when she wasn't with her. Richard goes to Paris and reveals his feelings for Sutton. Richard discovers there a shortlist from the board of people to replace Jacqueline. Adena doesn't turn up to the party, but Sutton and Jane tell Kat all the reasons why they love her.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On April 7, 2016, Freeform announced they had given a pilot order to Issues, a series inspired by the life of former Cosmopolitan editor-in-chief Joanna Coles. The show was ordered to series by Freeform in January 2017, and was later renamed to The Bold Type.[8]

text: On March 6, 2017, Freeform announced that The Bold Type would debut on Tuesday, July 11, 2017 at 9:00pm.[4] The pilot was aired as a special preview on June 20, 2017, three weeks before its official premiere date.[5]

text: Freeform renewed the series for a second and third season, consisting of 10 episodes each, on October 4, 2017. At the same time it was announced that Amanda Lasher would assume the role of showrunner after series creator Sarah Watson had "creative differences with the network".[6]

text: In the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Spain, the series premiered exclusively on Amazon Prime Video on February 9, 2018.[35][36]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Sam Page who plays Richard Hunter, a member of the Scarlet board of directors and a lawyer for the magazine's publishing group, was the first cast member to be announced on August 16, 2016,[10] followed by Melora Hardin on August 18, 2016. Hardin was cast as Jacqueline, the quietly tough and confident Editor in Chief of Scarlet Magazine.[11]

text: Katie Stevens, Aisha Dee and Meghann Fahy were announced as series leads, Jane, Kat, and Sutton on August 22, 2016. Stevens plays Jane, who has just landed her dream job as writer for Scarlet, Dee portrays Kat, the social media director at Scarlet, while Fahy plays Sutton, the last of her friends to still be in an assistant's job. Matt Ward rounds out the main ensemble as Alex, a fellow writer at Scarlet.[9]

text: On March 30, 2017, it was announced that Nikohl Boosheri was cast to recur on the series as Adena El-Amin, a photographer who develops a complicated romantic relationship with Kat.[37] Emily C. Chang joined the cast on May 2, 2017, as Lauren Park, a blunt and overworked executive editor at Scarlet.[38]

text: On March 8, 2018, it was reported that newcomers Luca James Lee and Siobhan Murphy wre tapped for recurring roles for second season. Lee plays Ben, a potential love interest for Jane, while Murphy portrays Cleo, a new board member at the publishing company. In addition, Dan Jeonnette returned as Pinstripe in a guest-role.[39]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The series is shot in Montreal, Canada.[40] Filming for the second season began on February 18, 2018.[41][better source needed]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In Canada, the series airs exclusively on ABC Spark.[42] In the United Kingdom, the series airs exclusively on Amazon Prime Video with new episodes the day after its broadcast on Freeform in the United States.[43]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, season one holds an approval rating of 96%, with an average rating of 8/10 based on 24 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Smart, hip, and exuberantly performed, The Bold Type sharply blends its soapy plotting with workplace drama that feels very of-the-moment."[44] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 58 out of 100 based on 8 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[45]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, season 2 holds an approval rating of 100%, with an average rating of 7.1/10 based on 11 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "The Bold Type presents an aspirational yet refreshingly realistic portrait of young women's careers, friendships and love lives in a big city."[46]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Pilot"

July 11, 2017
0.2
0.36[17]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

2

"O Hell No"

July 11, 2017
0.1
0.30[17]
0.2
0.30
0.3
0.60[47]

3

"The Woman Behind the Clothes"

July 18, 2017
0.1
0.28[18]
0.2
0.32
0.3
0.60[48]

4

"If You Can't Do It With Feeling"

July 25, 2017
0.1
0.36[19]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

5

"No Feminism in the Champagne Room"

August 1, 2017
0.2
0.35[20]
N/A
0.35
N/A
0.70[49]

6

"The Breast Issue"

August 8, 2017
0.2
0.34[21]
N/A
0.40
N/A
0.74[50]

7

"Three Girls in a Tub"

August 15, 2017
0.1
0.29[22]
0.2
0.43
0.3
0.72[51]

8

"The End of the Beginning"

August 22, 2017
0.1
0.28[23]
0.2
0.44
0.3
0.72[52]

9

"Before Tequila Sunrise"

August 29, 2017
0.2
0.36[24]
N/A
0.36
N/A
0.72[53]

10

"Carry the Weight"

September 5, 2017
0.2
0.33[25]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Feminist Army"

June 12, 2018
0.14
0.30[26]
0.10
0.25
0.24
0.55[54]

2

"Rose Colored Glasses"

June 12, 2018
0.09
0.18[26]
0.08
0.18
0.17
0.36[54]

3

"The Scarlet Letter"

June 19, 2018
0.17
0.40[27]
0.12
0.26
0.29
0.66[55]

4

"OMG"

June 26, 2018
0.14
0.33[28]
0.12
0.21
0.26
0.55[56]

5

"Stride of Pride"

July 3, 2018
0.15
0.36[29]
0.13
0.25
0.28
0.61[57]

6

"The Domino Effect"

July 10, 2018
0.15
0.34[30]
0.09
0.20
0.24
0.54[58]

7

"Betsy"

July 17, 2018
0.12
0.27[31]
0.11
0.25
0.23
0.52[59]

8

"Plan B"

July 24, 2018
0.15
0.33[32]
0.08
0.18
0.23
0.51[60]

9

"Trippin"

July 31, 2018
0.11
0.29[33]
0.05
0.10
0.16
0.39[61]

10

"We'll Always Have Paris"

August 7, 2018
0.13
0.31[34]
0.11
0.25
0.24
0.56[62]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee

Result

Ref.

2017

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Summer TV Show

The Bold Type

Nominated

[63]

Choice Summer TV Star: Female

Aisha Dee

Nominated

2018

GLAAD Media Awards

Outstanding Comedy Series

The Bold Type

Nominated

[64]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Summer TV Show

Pending

[65]

Choice Summer TV Star

Aisha Dee

Pending

Meghann Fahy

Pending

Katie Stevens

Pending

Imagen Awards

Best Actress – Television

Pending

[66]