document_title: The Beverly Hillbillies

question_text: what was the bankers name on the beverly hillbillies

text: The Beverly Hillbillies

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series starts as Jed Clampett, an impoverished mountaineer, is living alongside an oil-rich swamp with his daughter and mother-in-law. A surveyor for the OK Oil Company realizes the size of the oil field, and the company pays him a fortune for the right to drill on his land. Patriarch Jed's cousin Pearl Bodine prods him to move to California after being told his modest property could yield $25 million, and pressures him into taking her son Jethro along. The family moves into a mansion in wealthy Beverly Hills, California, next door to Jed's banker, Milburn Drysdale. The Clampetts bring a moral, unsophisticated, and minimalistic lifestyle to the swanky, sometimes self-obsessed and superficial community. Double entendres and cultural misconceptions are the core of the sitcom's humor. Plots often involve the outlandish efforts Drysdale makes to keep the Clampetts in Beverly Hills and their money in his bank. The family's periodic attempts to return to the mountains are often prompted by Granny's perceiving a slight from one of the "city folk".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Buddy Ebsen as J. D. "Jed" Clampett, the widowed patriarch
Irene Ryan as Daisy May ("Granny") Moses, Jed's mother-in-law
Donna Douglas as Elly May Clampett, Jed's tomboy daughter
Max Baer Jr. as Jethro Bodine, the brawny, half-witted son of Jed's cousin Pearl
Raymond Bailey as Milburn Drysdale, Jed's greedy, unscrupulous banker
Nancy Kulp as "Miss" Jane Hathaway, Drysdale's scholarly, "plain Jane" secretary
Harriet E. MacGibbon as Margaret Drysdale, Mr. Drysdale's ostentatious wife
Bea Benaderet as Jed's cousin Pearl (season 1)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired[3]

First aired
Last aired

1
36
September 26, 1962 (1962-09-26)
May 29, 1963 (1963-05-29)

2
36
September 25, 1963 (1963-09-25)
June 10, 1964 (1964-06-10)

3
34
September 23, 1964 (1964-09-23)
June 16, 1965 (1965-06-16)

4
32
September 15, 1965 (1965-09-15)
May 18, 1966 (1966-05-18)

5
30
September 14, 1966 (1966-09-14)
April 19, 1967 (1967-04-19)

6
30
September 6, 1967 (1967-09-06)
April 3, 1968 (1968-04-03)

7
26
September 25, 1968 (1968-09-25)
March 26, 1969 (1969-03-26)

8
26
September 24, 1969 (1969-09-24)
March 18, 1970 (1970-03-18)

9
24
September 15, 1970 (1970-09-15)
March 23, 1971 (1971-03-23)

text: Characters[edit]

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text: J.D. "Jed" Clampett[edit]

text: Although he had received little formal education, Jed Clampett (Buddy Ebsen) has a good deal of common sense. Jed is the son of Luke Clampett and his wife, and has a sister called Myrtle. A principal character of the show, Jed is a good-natured man; he is the apparent head of the family. Jed's wife (Elly May's mother) died, but is referred to in the episode "Duke Steals A Wife" as Rose Ellen. Jed is shown to be an expert marksman and is extremely loyal to his family and kinfolk. The huge oil pool in the swamp he owned was the beginning of his rags-to-riches journey to Beverly Hills. Although he longs for the old ways back in the hills, he makes the best of being in Beverly Hills. Whenever he has anything on his mind, he sits on the curbstone of his mansion and whittles until he comes up with the answer. His catchphrase is, "Welllllll, doggies!"[4] Jed was one of the three characters to appear in all 274 episodes of the series.

text: Granny[edit]

text: Daisy May Moses (Irene Ryan), called "Granny" by all (relatives or not) is Jed's shotgun-toting mother-in-law and a true daughter of Dixie. Paul Henning, the show's creator/producer, quickly disposed of the idea of Granny being Jed's mother, which would have changed the show's dynamics, making Granny the matriarch and Jed subordinate to her. Granny can be aggressive, but is often overruled by Jed. She is a Confederate to the core, defending President Jefferson Davis, the Stars and Bars, and the simple life. Short-fused and easily angered, Granny fancies herself a Baptist ("dunked, not sprinkled") Christian with forgiveness in her heart.[5] She abhors "revenuers" and blue-coat Yankees. A self-styled "M.D." — "mountain doctor" — she claims to have an edge over expensive know-nothing city physicians. In lieu of conventional anesthesia, Granny uses her "white lightning" brew before commencing on painful treatments such as leech bleeding and yanking teeth with pliers.

text: Short and scrappy, Granny often wields a double-barreled, 12-gauge shotgun and fires it numerous times during the run of the show (in a first-season episode, she chases Milburn Drysdale with it when she finds out his mother's family had a feud with her family back in the hills). She fires it once at the front lawn when Jed is witching for water and several times on the skeet-shooting range. During the mock Indian invasion, she believed she was shooting live shells, though Milburn Drysdale had removed the buckshot to protect the actors portraying the Indians. She fires rock salt and bacon rind at a crow during the "Happy Valley" episode, and again at the back of an armored truck in which Milburn Drysdale was taking refuge. She fires at (and hits in the posterior) Milburn Drysdale with rock salt, believing he is the ghost of "Lady Clemintine" ending their second visit to "Clampett Castle" in Kent, England, which was filmed at Penshurst Place.[6]

text: Granny also fires "Lady Fingers" (which Elly had baked for Jethro to take to the Army Reserve) into the posterior of an actor portraying Gen. Ulysses S. Grant during "The Battle of Culpepper Plantation".

text: She is also able to tell the precise time by a sundial and the weather by a beetle ("Granny Versus the Weather Bureau"). Without her glasses, Granny is extremely nearsighted—once in a crossover with the Petticoat Junction show, Granny mistakes a dog for a baby child and a coffee pot for a telephone. Two of Granny's phobias are "Injuns" (she actually buys wigs so the Clampetts will not be "scalped") and the "cement pond" (swimming pool—she has a fear of water). In a long story arc in season nine, Elly May dates a U.S. Navy frogman, which confuses Granny: After seeing the frogman climb out of the pool in his skin-diving wear, she thinks that anyone who swims in the pool will be turned into a frog. She also has a peculiar way of retelling the War Between the States, in which she thinks the South has won and Jefferson Davis is the president, while calling Sherman's March "Sherman's Retreat to the Sea". She even set Jethro straight on the subject of slavery: "We fought a war to make the Yankees stop that foolishness!" Any attempts to correct her meet with failure. She is also known for slicing off switches to use on Jethro, mainly whenever he goes too far with his idiotic schemes.

text: References are given to Granny growing up in the Smoky Mountains of Tennessee. From episode 9: "When I was a girl back in Tennessee, I set so many boys' hearts on fire that they took to calling that neck of the woods 'The Smoky Mountains'." In season 9, episode 23, she says she is from Limestone, Tennessee. Likewise in a Flatt and Scruggs guest episode, her favorite song is "My Little Girl of Tennessee".

text: Granny's full name, Daisy Moses, is allegedly an homage to the popular and dearly loved folk artist Anna Mary Robertson, known to the world as Grandma Moses, who died in 1961, a year before The Beverly Hillbillies made its television debut. Granny is frequently referred to as "Granny Clampett" in a number of episodes, but technically she is a Moses. Granny appears in all 274 episodes.

text: Elly May Clampett[edit]

text: Elly May (Donna Douglas in all 274 episodes), the only child of Jed and Rose Ellen Clampett, is a mountain beauty with the body of a pinup girl and the soul of a tomboy. She can throw a fastball as well as "rassle" most men to a fall, and she can be as tender with her friends, animals, and family as she is tough with anyone she rassles. She said once that animals could be better companions than people, but as she grew older, she saw that, "fellas kin be more fun than critters." Elly is squired about by eager young Hollywood actors with stage names such as "Dash Riprock" and "Bolt Upright". Other boyfriends for Elly include Sonny Drysdale, Beau Short, accountant Fred Penrod, beatnik Sheldon Epps, and Mark Templeton, a Navy frogman.

text: Elly's most notable weakness, often mentioned when she is being "courted", is her total lack of kitchen skills. Family members cringe when, for plot reasons, Elly takes over the kitchen. Rock-like donuts and cookies, for example, are a plot function in an episode featuring Wally Cox as bird-watching Professor Biddle. On one of the family's visits back to the hills, a miller bought a cake at a fair, baked by Elly May, because he needed a new grindstone for his flour mill.

text: Elly is briefly considered for film stardom at the movie studio owned by Jed. In one episode, hearing Rock Hudson and Cary Grant are both single, Granny asks that Elly be introduced to them.

text: During the final season, Elly May takes a job as a secretary at the Commerce Bank after Jed and Granny persuade her that it would be a good way to "meet a husband".

text: In addition to the family dog, Duke (an old Bloodhound), a number of animals lived on the Clampett estate thanks to animal-lover Elly. These animals were collectively known as her "critters". The most prominent pets were chimpanzees, but other animals (from typical dogs and cats to less-traditional house pets, such as deer, opossums, bobcats, bears, goats, raccoons, and kangaroos) were also occasionally featured.

text: In the 1981 TV movie of The Beverly Hillbillies, Elly May is head of a zoo.

text: Jethro Bodine[edit]

text: Jethro (Max Baer Jr. in 272 episodes) is the son of Jed's cousin, Pearl Bodine (though he addresses Jed as "Uncle Jed"). He drove the Clampett family to their new home in California and stayed on with them to further his education. The whole family boasts of Jethro's "sixth-grade education", but nevertheless feels he is a bit of an idiot. Jethro is simply naive in the first season of the show, but becomes incredibly ignorant and pompous as the series progresses. He often shows off his cyphering abilities with multiplication and "goes-in-tas", as in "five goesinta five one time, five goesinta ten two times", etc. He was in the fifth grade when the show began, and in the second season he graduated from the sixth grade. He claims he was "highest in his class" (because he was so much taller than the other students). In a later episode, he decides to go to college. He manages to enroll late in the semester at a local secretarial school due to his financial backing and earns his diploma by the end of the day because he did not understand what was going on in class and was too disruptive. This was an ironic in-joke – in real life, Max Baer Jr. has a bachelor's degree in business administration, minoring in philosophy, from Santa Clara University.[citation needed]

text: Many stories in the series involve Jethro's endless career search, which include such diverse vocations as a millwright, a brain surgeon, street car conductor, double-naught spy, telephone lineman, soda jerk, chauffeur, short-order cook, sculptor, restaurant owner (with Granny's cooking), psychiatrist, and once as a bookkeeper for Milburn Drysdale's bank; a Hollywood agent for "cousin" Bessie and "Cousin Roy": (see below); Hollywood producer (a studio flunky remarks Jethro has the "right qualifications" for being a producer: a sixth-grade education and an uncle who owns the studio; this in-joke gag as a movie producer was replayed in the 1981 movie). More often than not, his overall goal in these endeavors is to obtain as many pretty girls as humanly possible. A running gag is that as usual Jethro fails catching girls – for example, a girl he had known from the hills became a successful actress, yet when she tries to talk to Jethro, he always hangs up on her. The nearest Jethro ever succeeded at anything was when he was sworn in as member of the "Woodchucks" (a parody of Boy Scouts of America) where out of 94 merit badges he did earn one-for lifesaving; not understanding what a ant farm is, Jethro tried to set up 10,000 ants amid toy farm buildings by the "cement pond" – the only result is that Miss Hathaway's female birdwatching society, Jethro, Jed Clampett and the Woodchuck scout ended up being almost overrun by the ants and they all had to dive into the pool to get rid of the unwelcome insects. Another storyline had Lester Flatt's wife auditioning for an actress screen test with Jethro as a "director" in which Mrs. Flatt actually passed! Unfortunately for Jethro, Mrs. Flatt decides to give up a Hollywood career, however Jethro decides to have another screen test candidate–who is none other than Miss Jane Hathaway–who actually "accepts" Jethro's idiotic proposal.

text: Of all the Clampett clan, he is the one who makes the most change from "country bumpkin" to "city boy". Another running gag is that Jethro is known as the "six-foot stomach" for his ability to eat: in one episode, he eats a jetliner's entire supply of steaks; in another, Jethro tries to set himself up as a Hollywood agent for cousin "Bessie" the chimpanzee – with a fee of 10,000 bananas for Bessie and 1,000 bananas for Jethro. At one time, Jed mentions Jethro was the only baby he knew born with a full set of teeth "just like a beaver". Jethro does not appear in the third- or second-to-last episodes, but Baer remains billed in the title credits.

text: With the January 2015 death of co-star Donna Douglas, Baer is the only surviving cast member.[7]

text: The Drysdales[edit]

text: Milburn (Raymond Bailey in 247 episodes), Margaret (Harriet E. MacGibbon; 55 episodes in 1962–69), and Sonny (Louis Nye): The Drysdales are the Clampetts' next-door neighbors. Milburn is the Commerce Bank's tightwad president and the friendly bumpkins' confidant. The haughty Mrs. Drysdale boasts of a heritage that traces back to the Mayflower, but Milburn's concerns are strictly monetary. When suffering an anxiety attack, Milburn sniffs a stack of money and is quickly revived. Another time, Miss Hathaway discovered that whenever Jed Clampett took money out of his pocket, Drysdale's blood pressure would either go up or down depending on whether Jed was going to spend the money or not. Whenever Drysdale gets a taste of Granny's "Tennessee Tranquilizer" (moonshine), his face turns red. In the interest of keeping the Clampetts' account at all costs, Mr. Drysdale is prone to appease them, and says that anything they do is unquestionably right. He often forces others, especially his secretary, to placate the Clampetts by granting their unorthodox requests. A running gag is that Drysdale–as President of the Commerce Bank of Beverly Hills–is in a feud with a rival bank President (of the Merchant Bank of Beverly Hills) as to "who" will have custody of Jed Clampett's millions. In one hilarious storyline Drysdale actually dressed himself as a "gorilla" in order to fake a "sale" of the "gorilla" to the Clampetts–only to be "sold" to the Clampetts for $10,000!

text: Although wife Margaret, a blue-blooded Bostonian, has obvious disdain for the "peasant" and "dreadful" hillbillies, she tacitly agrees to tolerate them (rather than Milburn lose their ever-growing account—which is $96,000,000 in 1969, equal to $626,961,887 today). Margaret loathes all four "vagabonds", but her most heated rivalry is with Granny, with whom she occasionally has some "scraps". Margaret's aged father has gambled away most of their money. Mrs. Drysdale's son—and Milburn's stepson—is Sonny (played by Louis Nye), who is introduced as a 35-year-old collegian who does not believe in working up a sweat and is an insufferable mama's boy. Finding Elly May a lovely, naive Pollyanna, he courts her until she literally tosses him. Sonny only appears in four episodes, three in 1962 and a final appearance in 1966.

text: Jane Hathaway[edit]

text: Jane Hathaway (Nancy Kulp in 246 episodes), whom the Clampetts address as "Miss Jane", is Drysdale's loyal and efficient secretarial assistant. Though she always carries out his wishes, she is inherently decent and is frequently put off by her boss's greed. When she is annoyed with him, as is often the case, especially when one of Drysdale's schemes goes too far, she usually and forcefully says, "Chief!" Jane is genuinely fond of the family (to the Clampetts, she is considered family; even Granny, the one most dead-set against living in California, likes her very much); Jane actually harbors something of a crush on Jethro for most of the series' run. At first, she mistakes the Clampetts as servants until Drysdale told her who they really are (which almost costs her her job).

text: Miss Hathaway frequently has to "rescue" Drysdale from his idiotic schemes, receiving little or no thanks for her efforts. In one episode, Granny and she, disguised as "geisha girls", finally have enough and "crown" Drysdale and Jethro, who have made one too many comments about women serving men. Jane is loyal to Drysdale, as well, despite her misgivings toward his avarice and greed. In one episode, the Clampetts, feeling money has corrupted them, give all of their money to Virginia "Ginny" Jennings (Sheila Kuehl), a college student. While Drysdale moans the loss of the money, Jane immediately tells him to stop thinking about the Clampetts and start trying to get the Jennings account. Eventually, everyone discovered Jennings' real motives, and she was gone, with the Clampetts getting their money back, and things were as they were before. In one episode, it is established that Miss Jane sacrificed her job as the top secretary of the top executive of the top insurance company to join Mr. Drysdale at the Commerce Bank. Miss Jane was a Vassar graduate. In 1999, TV Guide ranked Jane Hathaway number 38 on its "50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time" list.[8]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Pearl Bodine (portrayed by Bea Benaderet; 22 episodes in season 1) is Jethro's widowed mother. In the last season, Granny mentions that Pearl's husband, Fred Bodine, drowned in a fishing accident when Jethro was just a baby (although, in an earlier episode, Jethro shared some memories of his father with a psychiatrist). Pearl is a generally well-meaning mother to Jethro. She was also a popular character, often used as a foil for Granny, and became a regular part-way through the first season (the end credits were even refilmed to include Pearl with the other family members). The character disappeared after the first year because Benaderet had become the star of another Paul Henning series, Petticoat Junction. She is the daughter of Amos Clampett, Jed's uncle. Like Elly May, Pearl's name came from that of a character (Pearl Lester) in the popular rural-life novel, play, and film Tobacco Road. In the episodes "The Clampetts Get Psychoanalyzed" and "The Psychiatrist Gets Clampetted", Herbert Rudley plays the psychiatrist Dr. Eugene Twombley, with whom Pearl is enamored; Benaderet's real-life husband was named Eugene Twombly. In season six, she makes a cameo appearance in the episode "Greetings From The President".
Jethrine Bodine (played by Baer, but voiced by Linda Kaye Henning; 11 episodes in season 1): Jethrine is Pearl's king-sized daughter, Jethro's twin. Jethrine appears in the first season; she moves with her mother to the Clampett mansion later that season, but occasionally is not seen in episodes during her stay in California. Jethrine is upset to leave the hills as it means separation from her "sweetie", traveling salesman Jasper "Jazzbo" Depew. Late in the season, it was explained in an episode that Jethrine had returned home to marry Depew, although the wedding was never seen in the series (nor was Jethrine ever seen again, although she was occasionally referenced). Jethro and Jethrine rarely appeared in the same scene in any of the programs, and then they were never on-camera at the same time, except for the rare back-of-the-head shot using a double. (Jethrine also appears in the 1993 movie version.)
Dash Riprock (played by Larry Pennell; 10 episodes in seasons 3–7) is a handsome Hollywood actor employed by Jed's movie studio. Elly May and he meet while she is working as an extra at the studio. When Dash sees the beautiful Elly in her bathing suit, he is smitten with her. The two have an on-and-off relationship. In one episode, Mr. Drysdale forces Dash into courting Elly May by threatening to put him in a television show called Crabman. Elly initially liked Dash and enjoyed being with him on dates; Jethro, however, was quite enamored with Dash because of his playboy persona. Riprock was a send-up of the blatantly fake screen names employed by a number of movie actors of the period. Riprock's real name (before being changed by Hollywood moguls) was "Homer Noodleman", and he was from Peoria, Illinois.
Lowell Redlings Farquhar (played by Charles Ruggles; three episodes in seasons 4 and 5) is the elderly father of Mrs. Drysdale. Granny considers him a potential beau.
Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs (as themselves in seven episodes, 1963–68) are longtime friends of the Clampetts "back home" (Kimberling City, Missouri), who visit with the Clampetts when they are on tour in California. The duo had a number-one Billboard country single with the show's "The Ballad of Jed Clampett" (although the song is actually performed in the credits by Jerry Scoggins to Flatt and Scruggs' instrumental). (Actress Joi Lansing played Flatt's wife, Gladys, in five episodes, 1963–68.)
John Brewster (played by Frank Wilcox; 14 episodes, 1962–1966), is the president and CEO of the OK Oil Company, headquartered in Tulsa, who purchases the oil rights to the gusher on the Clampett home back in the hills. The Clampetts are quite fond of him, and his wife occasionally visits them in California.
Janet Trego (played by Sharon Tate; 15 episodes, 1963–65) is a beautiful secretary at the Commerce Bank. (Tate was later murdered by Charles Manson's "family" just before the start of season 8.)
Sam Drucker (played by Frank Cady; 10 episodes in 1968–70) owns the general store in Hooterville. Granny is constantly under the impression Sam wants to marry her, but Sam has no intention of doing so. Cady also starred as Sam Drucker in Petticoat Junction and Green Acres. Cady reprised the role of Sam Drucker for the 1990 Green Acres reunion movie Return to Green Acres.
Helen Thompson (played by Danielle Mardi; 17 episodes in 1969–71) is a beautiful British secretary at the Commerce Bank. Helen takes over Jane Hathaway's job as Mr. Drysdale's secretary after Miss Hathaway resigned. She is one of the ringleaders of the protest group the secretaries of the Commerce Bank create: GRUN (Girls Resist Unfair Neglect). She, along with many other secretaries, as well as Elly and Granny, live with Miss Hathaway for a short time in her apartment.
Shorty Kellums (played by Shug Fisher; 17 episodes in seasons 8 and 9) is Jed's longtime buddy from back home, with whom Jed reunites in 1969 when the Clampetts go back for an extended period to the Hills. Shorty is a wiry little man who is crazy about voluptuous girls half his age. Shorty later moves into the Clampett mansion in Beverly Hills for a period.
Elverna Bradshaw (played by Elvia Allman; 13 episodes, 1963–70) is Granny's longtime rival back in the Hills, a gossip second to none. Referenced as early as episode 3, she makes a brief appearance in a 1963 episode when the Clampetts go back to the Hills to fetch Pearl to California, but is not seen again until 1969, when the Clampetts return to their native land for an extended visit. However, both Granny and Jed referred to the character in several episodes throughout the series' run. Elverna and Granny rekindle their feud in a match to see who will be first wed, Elverna's daughter or Elly May. For reasons not really explained, Elverna also moves into the Clampett Beverly Hills mansion during the same period Shorty does; both of them, however, are gone from the estate for the final 1970–71 season, presumably having returned home.
Matthew and Mark Templeton (brothers played by actor Roger Torrey, who had auditioned for the part of Jethro; three episodes in season 8 as Matthew; 9 in season 9 as Mark) Matthew is the preacherman Granny tags as a prospective husband for Elly. Unfortunately, Granny learns Matthew is married. Just a year later back in California, Elly meets Matthew's brother, Mark Templeton, who is a marine biologist, a frogman, whom Granny believes is actually part frog. The Mark Templeton storyline played out for nine episodes and was abruptly dropped, although advance publicity for the show indicated Elly May and Mark would be marrying during the season; however, the show was canceled at the end of that season as part of the CBS Rural Purge.
Cousin Roy (played by Roy Clark; three episodes in seasons 6 and 7) was the Clampetts' cousin, who came from "The Hills" to Hollywood; he appeared in three episodes as an aspiring country singer. In furtherance of the running gag of Jethro Bodine's continuing failure to succeed, Jethro turned down the chance to be Cousin Roy's agent, who actually succeeded in Hollywood. {In a similar storyline singer Pat Boone guest starred as himself/country singer; Jethro fails to be Boone's agent!}

text: Theme music[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The show's theme song, "The Ballad of Jed Clampett", was written by producer and writer Paul Henning and originally performed by bluegrass artists Flatt and Scruggs. The song is sung by Jerry Scoggins (backed by Flatt and Scruggs) over the opening and end credits of each episode. Flatt and Scruggs subsequently cut their own version of the theme (with Flatt singing) for Columbia Records; released as a single, it reached number 44 on Billboard Hot 100 pop music chart and number one on the Billboard Hot Country chart (the lone country chart-topper for the duo).

text: The six main cast members participated on a 1963 Columbia soundtrack album, which featured original song numbers in character. Additionally, Ebsen, Ryan, and Douglas each made a few solo recordings following the show's success, including Ryan's 1966 novelty single, "Granny's Miniskirt".

text: The series generally features no country music beyond the bluegrass banjo theme song, although country star Roy Clark and the team of Flatt and Scruggs occasionally play on the program. Pop singer Pat Boone appears in one episode as himself, under the premise that he hails from the same area of the country as the Clampetts, although Boone is a native of Jacksonville, Florida.

text: The 1989 film UHF featured a "Weird Al" Yankovic parody music video, "Money for Nothing/Beverly Hillbillies*", combining "The Ballad of Jed Clampett" and English rock band Dire Straits' 1985 hit song "Money for Nothing".

text: Crossovers[edit]

text: Season seven (1968–69) was packed with strategically placed, multi-episode crossover stories in which the fictional worlds of all three Paul Henning series overlap. The Clampett family makes several trips to Hooterville, Sam Drucker visits Beverly Hills, and Granny (Irene Ryan) does two guest appearances on Petticoat Junction. In season eight (1969–70), the Clampett family visits Hooterville one last time for a two-part episode.

text:
"Granny Goes to Hooterville" (season 7: episode 6) - Granny leaves for Hooterville upon hearing distant cousin Betty Jo Bradley (Linda Henning) just had a baby. The only Petticoat Junction cast members in this episode are Sam Drucker (Frank Cady) and Uncle Joe (Edgar Buchanan) seen talking to Granny on the phone. (The story continues on the Petticoat Junction episode "Granny, the Baby Expert".) "The Italian Cook" (7:7) wraps up the three-episode Hooterville story arc featuring Betty Jo, her husband Steve Elliott (Mike Minor), and Sam Drucker.
"The Thanksgiving Story" (7:10) - The Clampetts visit Hooterville and mingle with the Petticoat Junction cast. This includes a silent, split-second insert of Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor of Green Acres. Jethro pretends to be a Hollywood producer and tries to romance Billie Jo (Meredith MacRae) and Bobbie Jo (Lori Saunders) Bradley. This arc continues in the next episode, "The Courtship of Homer Noodleman" (7:10), with the Clampetts leaving for home following Eb Dawson's (from Green Acres) falling for Elly May.
"The Week Before Christmas" (7:13) - The crossover aspect is limited to two scenes in Sam Drucker's general store with the Bradley sisters and Drucker talking to Granny over the phone. The same broadcast week, Petticoat Junction aired "A Cake from Granny" with shots of Granny and Jane Hathaway (Nancy Kulp) in Beverly Hills baking a cake. "Christmas in Hooterville" (7:14) reunites the Clampett family with the Petticoat Junction cast. The follow-up episode, "Drysdale and Friend" (7:15), has appearances by Sam Drucker and Green Acres regular Fred Ziffel (Hank Patterson).
"Sam Drucker's Visit" (7:23) - The final season seven crossover with Sam Drucker dropping in on the Clampetts in Beverly Hills. Drucker and Betty Jo share one scene set in his Hooterville General Store.
In season eight, "Buzz Bodine, Boy General" (8:15) and "The Clampett-Hewes Empire" (8:16) comprise the last two-part crossover of the series. The Clampetts return to Petticoat Junction in a story featuring Steve Elliott, Betty Jo, Sam Drucker, and a rare Hooterville visit by Miss Hathaway and Mr. Drysdale (Raymond Bailey).
During season nine, after the cancellation of Petticoat Junction, Lori Saunders appeared in three episodes playing a new recurring character, Elizabeth Gordon.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Beverly Hillbillies received poor reviews from some contemporary critics. The New York Times called the show "strained and unfunny"; Variety called it "painful to sit through".[9] Film professor Janet Staiger writes that "the problem for these reviewers was that the show confronted the cultural elite's notions of quality entertainment." [10] The show did receive a somewhat favorable review from noted critic Gilbert Seldes in the December 15, 1962 TV Guide: "The whole notion on which The Beverly Hillbillies is founded is an encouragement to ignorance... But it is funny. What can I do?" [11][12]

text: Regardless of the poor reviews, the show shot to the top of the Nielsen ratings shortly after its premiere and stayed there for several seasons. During its first two seasons, it was the number one program in the U.S. During its second season, it earned some of the highest ratings ever recorded for a half-hour sitcom. The season-two episode "The Giant Jackrabbit" also became the most watched telecast up to the time of its airing, and remains the most-watched half-hour episode of a sitcom, as well. The series enjoyed excellent ratings throughout its run, although it had fallen out of the top 20 most-watched shows during its final season.

text: In 1997, the season 3 episode "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood" was ranked Number 62 on "TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time".[13]

text: Nielsen ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Time
Rank
Rating
Notes

1 (1962–63)
Wednesday at 9:00-9:30 PM
1
36.0

2 (1963–64)
39.1

3 (1964–65)
Wednesday at 8:30-9:00 PM
12
25.6

4 (1965–66)
7
25.9
Tied with Bewitched

5 (1966–67)
23.4
Tied with Daktari and Bewitched

6 (1967–68)
12
23.3

7 (1968–69)
Wednesday at 9:00-9:30 PM
10
23.5

8 (1969–70)
Wednesday at 8:30-9:00 PM
18
21.7

9 (1970–71)
Tuesday at 7:30-8:00 PM
Not in the Top 30

text: Cancellation[edit]

text: Season nine, during the 1970–71 TV season placed 33rd out of 96 shows.[16] Despite the respectable ratings, the show was canceled in the spring of 1971 after 274 episodes. The CBS network, prompted by pressure from advertisers seeking a more sophisticated urban audience, decided to refocus its schedule on several "hip" new urban-themed shows and, to make room for them, all of CBS's rural-themed comedies were simultaneously cancelled.[17] This action came to be known as "the Rural Purge". Pat Buttram, who played Mr. Haney on Green Acres, famously remarked, "It was the year CBS cancelled everything with a tree - including Lassie."[18]

text: Reunions[edit]

text: 1981 CBS movie[edit]

text: In 1981, Return of the Beverly Hillbillies television movie, written and produced by series creator Henning, was aired on the CBS network. Irene Ryan had died in 1973, and Raymond Bailey had died in 1980. The script acknowledged Granny's passing, but featured Imogene Coca as Granny's mother. Max Baer decided against reprising the role that both started and stymied his career, so the character of Jethro Bodine was given to another actor, Ray Young.

text: The film's plot had Jed back in his old homestead in Bug Tussle, having divided his massive fortune among Elly May and Jethro, both of whom stayed on the West Coast. Jane Hathaway had become a Department of Energy agent and was seeking Granny's "White Lightnin'" recipe to combat the energy crisis. Since Granny had gone on to "her re-ward", it was up to Granny's centenarian "Maw" (Imogene Coca) to divulge the secret brew's ingredients. Subplots included Jethro playing an egocentric, starlet-starved Hollywood producer, Jane and her boss (Werner Klemperer) having a romance, and Elly May owning a large petting zoo. The four main characters finally got together by the end of the story.

text: Having been filmed a mere decade after the final episode of the original series, viewer consensus was that the series' original spirit was lost to the film on many fronts, chief of which being the deaths of Ryan and Bailey and Baer's absence, which left only three of the six original cast members available to reprise their respective roles. Further subtracting from the familiarity was the fact that the legendary Clampett mansion was unavailable for a location shoot as the owners' lease was too expensive. Henning himself admitted sheer embarrassment when the finished product aired, blaming his inability to rewrite the script due to the 1981 Writers Guild strike.[19]

text: 1993 special[edit]

text: In 1993, Ebsen, Douglas, and Baer reunited onscreen for the only time in the CBS-TV retrospective television special, The Legend of the Beverly Hillbillies, which ranked as the fourth-most watched television program of the week—a major surprise given the mediocre rating for the 1981 TV movie. It was a rare tribute from the "Tiffany network", which owed much of its success in the 1960s to the series, but has often seemed embarrassed by it in hindsight, often down-playing the show in retrospective television specials on the network's history and rarely inviting cast members to participate in such all-star broadcasts.

text: The Legend of The Beverly Hillbillies special ignored several plot twists of the TV movie, notably Jethro was now not a film director, but a leading Los Angeles physician. Critter-loving Elly May was still in California with her animals, but Jed was back home in the Hills, having lost his fortune, stolen by the now-imprisoned banker Drysdale. Nancy Kulp had died in 1991 and was little referred to beyond the multitude of film clips that dotted the special. The special was released on VHS tape by CBS/Fox Video in 1995 and as a bonus feature on the Official Third Season DVD Set in 2009.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: The Beverly Hillbillies is still televised daily around the world in syndication. In the United States, the show is broadcast currently on MeTV, Retro TV, MyFamily TV, and was previously on Nick at Nite, The Hallmark Channel, and WGN America.[20] A limited number of episodes from the earlier portions of the series run have turned up in the public domain and as such are seen occasionally on many smaller networks.

text: MeTV Network airs The Beverly Hillbillies weekdays at 7am.

text: The show is distributed by CBS Television Distribution, the syndication arm of CBS Television Studios and the CBS network. It was previously distributed by CBS Films, Viacom Enterprises, Paramount Domestic Television, and CBS Paramount Domestic Television (all through corporate changes involving TV distribution rights to the early CBS library). The repeats of the show that debuted on CBS Daytime on September 5–9, 1966, as "Mornin' Beverly Hillbillies" through September 10, 1971 and on September 13–17, 1971 as "The Beverly Hillbillies" lasted up to winter 1971–72. It aired at 11:00–11:30 am Eastern/10:00-10:30 am Central through September 3, 1971, then moved to 10:30–11:00 am Eastern/9:30–10:00 am Central for the last season on CBS Daytime.[citation needed]

text: Legal status[edit]

text: Fifty-five episodes of the series are in the public domain (all 36 season-one episodes and 19 season-two episodes), because Orion Television, successor to Filmways, neglected to renew their copyrights. As a result, these episodes have been released on home video and DVD on many low-budget labels and shown on low-power television stations and low-budget networks in 16-mm prints. In many video prints of the public domain episodes, the original theme music has been replaced by generic music due to copyright issues.

text: Before his death, Paul Henning, whose estate now holds the original film elements to the public domain episodes, authorized MPI Home Video to release the best of the first two seasons on DVD, the first "ultimate collection" of which was released in the fall of 2005. These collections include the original, uncut versions of the first season's episodes, complete with their original theme music and opening sponsor plugs. Volume 1 has, among its bonus features, the alternate, unaired version of the pilot film, The Hillbillies Of Beverly Hills (the version of the episode that sold the series to CBS), and the "cast commercials" (cast members pitching the products of the show's sponsors) originally shown at the end of each episode.

text: With the exception of the public domain episodes, the copyrights to the series were renewed by Orion Television. However, any new compilation of Hillbillies material will be copyrighted by either MPI Media Group or CBS, depending on the content of the material used.

text: For many years, 20th Century Fox, through a joint venture with CBS called CBS/Fox Video, released select episodes of Hillbillies on videocassette. After Viacom merged with CBS, Paramount Home Entertainment (the video division of Paramount Pictures, which was acquired by Viacom in 1994) took over the video rights.

text: In 2006, Paramount announced plans to release the copyrighted episodes in boxed sets through CBS DVD later that year. The show's second season (consisting of the public domain episodes from that season) was released on DVD in Region 1 on October 7, 2008 as "...The Official Second Season". The third season was released on February 17, 2009.[21] Both seasons are available to be purchased together from major online retailers. On October 1, 2013, season four was released on DVD as a Walmart exclusive.[22] It was released as a full retail release on April 15, 2014.[23] On April 26, 2016, CBS/Paramount released the complete first season on DVD for the very first time.[24]

text:
DVD title
No. of
episodes
Region 1
release date

The Beverly Hillbillies (Ultimate Collection)
26
September 27, 2005

The Beverly Hillbillies (Ultimate Collection Volume 2)
27
February 28, 2006

The Beverly Hillbillies (The Official First Season)
36
April 26, 2016

The Beverly Hillbillies (The Official Second Season)
36
October 7, 2008

The Beverly Hillbillies (The Official Third Season)
34
February 17, 2009

The Beverly Hillbillies (The Official Fourth Season)
32
April 15, 2014

text: Spin-offs and associated merchandise[edit]

text: Theatrical adaptation[edit]

text: A three-act stage play based on the pilot was written by David Rogers in 1968.[25]

text: Comics[edit]

text: Dell Comics adapted the series into a comic book series in 1962. The art work was provided by Henry Scarpelli.[26]

text: Feature film[edit]

text: In 1993, a movie version of The Beverly Hillbillies was released starring Jim Varney as Jed Clampett and featuring Buddy Ebsen in a cameo as Barnaby Jones, the lead character in his long-running post-Hillbillies television series.

text: Computer game[edit]

text: Based on The Beverly Hillbillies movie, a PC computer adventure game for operating system MS-DOS was developed by Synergistic Software, Inc. and published in 1993 by Capstone Software.


document_title: Kuwaiti

question_text: what do you call a person from kuwait

question_tokens: what do you call a person from kuwait

root

text: Kuwaiti

text: Look up Kuwaiti or kuwaití in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

tag: table

text: Kuwaiti may refer to:

tag: p

text:
Something of, from, or related to the country of Kuwait
A person from Kuwait, or of Kuwaiti descent, see Demographics of Kuwait
Kuwaiti Arabic, the dialect of Gulf Arabic spoken in Kuwait.
Kuwaiti Persian, a dying dialect of Persian spoken in Kuwait.
Kuwaiti culture
Kuwaiti cuisine

tag: ul


document_title: Must Love Dogs

question_text: who does sarah end up with in must love dogs

text: Must Love Dogs

text: Plot[edit]

text: Sarah Nolan, an attractive 40-year-old divorced preschool teacher, is urged by her family to date more. Although they show her photos of men with whom they want to set her up, Sarah does not seem interested in pursuing any relationships. Jake Anderson, another recent divorcee, finds himself in a similar position; his lawyer, Charlie, wants to set him up with a woman named Sherry. However, Jake would rather focus on creating his handcrafted boats.

text: Sarah's sister Carol visits and they discuss Bob Connor, a parent from school. Sarah is attracted to him but does not want anything complicated. Carol reveals she set up an ad for Sarah on an online dating site, perfectmatch.com, using a picture from Sarah's high school graduation. The description declares she is voluptuous and that her dates "must love dogs" (Sarah is currently caring for her brother Michael's Newfoundland dog, "Mother Teresa", while he goes through his own marital problems). Sarah proceeds to suffer through several disastrous dates with men who cannot stop crying, are criminal, or like girls who are barely legal.

text: Jake is confronted by Sherry at an art gallery; she is curious why he did not call her, but again Jake does not seem interested. Charlie then hands him a printout of Sarah's dating profile and tells Jake he has a date with her the next day at a dog park. The date proves to be awkward: Jake shows up with a borrowed terrier and offends Sarah when he begins to analyze her profile. Even worse, he reveals that the dog is not really his. When she accuses him of being deceptive he points out that the requirement was "Must love dogs," not "Must own a dog." Sarah leaves abruptly but agrees to see him again.

text: Sarah and Jake go on a dinner date where he asks her why she is not with her husband anymore. She explains that he just stopped loving her and that he was never ready to have children. Sarah acknowledges that her ex-husband is now with a woman fifteen years younger than she with a baby on the way. The date progresses back to Sarah's house where they discover that neither has a condom. They hastily drive around but when they finally find protection neither of them is in the mood.

text: Jake and Charlie are discussing Sarah when he admits that she intrigued him. That night, Jake tries to call Sarah. Meanwhile, Sarah has connected with Bob Connor. She checks to see if Bob is home but discovers he is with June, one of her co-workers. Sarah assumes they are on a date, and while fleeing the scene she drops her wallet. Sarah arrives home to find her brother Michael, who is drunkenly dealing with his own marital problems, and Jake, who has been taking care of him. Jake takes Sarah rowing and they share a kiss. Afterward he takes Michael home while Sarah lights candles and sets the mood. But Bob shows up instead of Jake. He returns her wallet, explains that he and June are not involved, and then kisses Sarah just as Jake gets back. Jake leaves, upset.

text: Around Thanksgiving Sarah calls Bob and they go to a hotel and have sex. In the morning Bob is rude to Sarah and during the drive home Sarah realizes that he really did sleep with June. He admits he didn't tell her because he thought they were good together and didn't want that getting in the way. Meanwhile, Jake is talked into taking Sherry to see Doctor Zhivago. Sarah notices Jake leaving the theater afterward, but while discussing the film with him she notices Sherry and realizes the two of them are on a date. Sarah flees again, and when Sherry asks Jake up to her apartment, he declines and instead walks home.

text: Jake runs into a man named Bill outside a coffee shop, not realizing that this man is Sarah's father. When Jake confesses that he is heartbroken, Bill mentions that he has a daughter who is single but Jake declines. While drinking coffee with Sarah later, Bill quotes something that Jake said to him and Sarah realizes that Jake was talking about her. She heads over to Jake's with Mother Teresa, but he is out on the lake with his boat. When Jake can't hear her yelling from the shore she convinces a girls crew team to take her out to him. Eventually she dives in and swims over to his boat. After climbing in Sarah tells Jake how she feels about him and they kiss. Later, when telling the story of how they met, they mention in unison that they found each other at a dog park.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Diane Lane as Sarah Nolan: Lane took the part because she wanted to do something different from her recent roles and wanted to keep the shoot local. She was extremely nervous about any improv that Cusack added to the film. When Cusack tried to make her improv she thought, "I don’t feel that confidence. I start blushing profusely and I get all sweaty and, I don’t know. Old school."[3]
John Cusack as Jake Anderson: Cusack was about to do another film in Europe but it fell through at the last minute. He met with Goldberg and after reading the script they asked him to be in the film. Impressed with the actors that were already signed on, Cusack thought, "that's a pretty great pedigree, so I was kind of happy to be asked to join such a great group." Cusack had always wanted to work with Lane and had been following her career for some time.[4]
Elizabeth Perkins as Carol Nolan: Kyra Sedgwick was originally cast in the part.[5]
Brad William Henke as Leo: Henke took the role because he "fell in love with the fact that it wasn’t a stereotypical character." The crew did not mind what the character looked like and he was able to play a normal guy.[6]
Stockard Channing as Dolly
Christopher Plummer as Bill Nolan
Colin Egglesfield as David
Ali Hillis as Christine Nolan
Dermot Mulroney as Bob Connor
Victor Webster as Eric
Julie Gonzalo as June
Jordana Spiro as Sherry
Glenn Howerton as Michael
Krikor Satamian as Armenian Restaurant Owner
Michael Spound as Marc

text: Production[edit]

text: Goldberg was first interested in starting this project when he found Cook's book. He thought it had a lot of humor and started working on getting the film rights.[7] Goldberg worked closely with Cook, sharing all the draft copies with her and asking for input. He even included her in the casting process. Even though Cook only made it on set twice she was "so pleased with what they’ve done. It's really such a tribute to the book and just a great movie in its own right."[8]

text: Goldberg's "process is to just get an actor and then write and re-write and work on the set." Goldberg was constantly bringing new pages to the set while Cusack contributed ideas for him to work with. Cusack also performed in takes where Goldberg allowed him to say whatever came out of his mouth.[4]

text: Mother Teresa[edit]

text:
"The dog in Claire's book wasn't a Newfoundland, but I'm crazy for Newfies; they have such sweet natures and their eyes are so expressive."
— Gary David Goldberg, director[7]

text: Goldberg chose a Newfoundland to play the part, even though it was a different breed in the novel. Mother Teresa was played by two females, Molly and Mabel. Lane explained, "Like with kids, they prefer hiring twins."[3] The dogs were chosen when they were only puppies and were trained by Boone Narr for several months before filming. During filming the dogs were still puppies, being 6 months old and 80 pounds. When production ended Goldberg adopted both dogs.[7] Part of the training of the dogs was to follow the commands of the trainer who was situated off-camera while focusing attention on the actor.[7]

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received mostly negative reviews, receiving a 46/100 on Metacritic and falling in the "mixed or average reviews" category.[9] On Rotten Tomatoes it received a "rotten" rating with 35% based on 142 reviews and a general consensus that "Despite good work from its likable leads, the romantic comedy Must Love Dogs is too predictable."[10]

text: Roger Ebert thought that although Lane and Cusack are "two of the most likable actors in the movies", they "deserve characters that the movie takes more seriously and puts at more risk", giving the film two out of four stars.[11] Stephen Holden of The New York Times gave the film a negative review, wondering how the actors were "bamboozled into lending their talents to the project." He added that the film has "contrived little incidents", "is so clueless", and is "hopelessly clichéd and out of date".[12]

text: A more positive review from Rolling Stone said that the film had a "great title and appealing performances" from Lane and Cusack. Giving the film three out of four stars, the review also said that "Just when you think you have Goldberg figured, he springs fresh surprises."[13] Ann Hornaday from The Washington Post noted the film "works because Lane is one of those actresses who can do just about anything and still earn the audience's undying love." Hornaday mentioned that the movie "features an enormously appealing supporting cast" and commented on how well Lane and Cusack worked together on the film.[14]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Validating the critic's views, the film opened in the number five spot with $12.8 million in 2,505 theaters with an $5,131 average per theater.[1] Must Love Dogs stayed in the theater for twelve weeks, staying in the top 10 for its first three weeks.[15] The film grossed $58,405,313, placing it at number 66 for all films released in 2005.[1]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Must Love Dogs was released on December 20, 2005, on DVD and VHS.[16] The video "is lush but soft, and some artificial sharpening only adds insult to injury, doing nothing to alleviate the overall lack of fine detail." The audio is very standard and "wouldn't sound any different through a pair of headphones".[17] The extras are composed of four additional scenes lasting for about eight minutes with optional commentary from Goldberg. There is also a gag reel titled "Pass the Beef" which lasts for about one minute.[18]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Must Love Dogs - Music from the Motion Picture

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
July 29, 2005 (2005-07-29)

Length
42:44

Label
Sony

text:
Soundtrack

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[19]

text:
Track #
Title
Performer
Length
(M:SS)

1
"Brown Penny"
Christopher Plummer
1:03

2
"When Will I Be Loved?"
Linda Ronstadt
3:29

3
"The First Cut Is the Deepest"
Sheryl Crow
3:47

4
"Hey There Lonely Girl"
Eddie Holman
3:35

5
"Don't It Feel Good"
Stephanie Bentley
3:29

6
"I Never"
Rilo Kiley
4:31

7
"I'd Rather Be in Love with You"
Susan Haynes
2:48

8
"Dance All Night"
Ryan Adams
3:14

9
"Shell"
Susie Suh
4:29

10
"What Kind of Love"
Rodney Crowell
3:59

11
"Prelude/Lara's Theme from Dr. Zhivago"
Erich Kunzel, Cincinnati Pops Orchestra
5:47

12
"This Will Be (An Everlasting Love)"
Natalie Cole
2:52

13
"C'mon Get Happy!"
Diane Lane, Dermot Mulroney, Stockard Channing, Elizabeth Perkins, Ali Hillis
1:03


document_title: Black Hills Gold Rush

question_text: what was discovered in 1870 in the black hills that brought many new settlers to the territory

text: Black Hills Gold Rush

text: The Black Hills Gold Rush took place in Dakota Territory in the United States. It began in 1874 following the Custer Expedition and reached a peak in 1876-77.

text: Rumors and poorly documented reports of gold in the Black Hills go back to the early 19th century. In the 1860s, Roman Catholic missionary Father De Smet is reported to have seen Sioux Indians carrying gold which they told him came from the Black Hills.[1]

text: Prior to the Gold Rush, the Black Hills were used by Native Americans (primarily bands of Sioux but others also ranged through the area). The United States government recognized the Black Hills as belonging to the Sioux by the Treaty of Laramie in 1868. Despite being within Indian territory, and therefore off-limits, white Americans were increasingly interested in the gold-mining possibilities of the Black Hills.

text: Prospectors found gold in 1874 near present-day Custer, South Dakota, but the deposit turned out to be small. The large placer gold deposits of Deadwood Gulch were discovered in November 1875, and in 1876, thousands of gold-seekers flocked to the new town of Deadwood, although it was still within Indian land.[2]

text: The tale of first gold discovery in the Black Hills was thrown into question in 1887 by the discovery of what has become known as the Thoen Stone.[3] Discovered by Louis Thoen on the slopes of Lookout Mountain, the stone purports to be the last testament of Ezra Kind who, along with six others, entered the Black Hills in 1833 (at a time when whites were forbidden by law and treaty from entering the area), "got all the gold we could carry" in June 1834, and were subsequently "killed by Indians beyond the high hill." While it may seem unlikely that someone who has "lost my gun and nothing to eat and Indians hunting me" would take the time to carve his story in sandstone, there is corroborating historical evidence for the Ezra Kind party.[4]

text: Many of the miners came up the Missouri River from Kansas and eventually returned there.

text: History[edit]

text: The Black Hills Gold Rush began in 1874. The first arrivals were a force of 1000 men led by George Armstrong Custer to investigate reports that the area contained gold,[5] even though the land was owned by the Sioux.[6] They found small amounts of gold in present-day Custer, South Dakota, and looked for better-paying locations. They moved north, establishing the towns of Hill City, Sheridan, and Pactola.[7] At each spot, they found flakes of gold, but not the bonanza they sought. Things changed when the miners stumbled across Deadwood and Whitewood Creeks in the northern Black Hills. For the initial discoverers, each spade of earth revealed a veritable fortune in gold.[7] By 1876, miners had claimed all the land around the creeks. Although all the land was claimed, thousands more flocked in, hoping to find a missed spot. The gold the miners found was placer gold, loose gold pieces that were mixed in with the rocks and soil around streams.

text: Most good prospectors knew that this placer gold was eroded from hard-rock deposits.[7] So while many still flocked to Deadwood, others looked for the hard-rock deposits that were the source of the placer gold. On April 9, 1876 Fred and Moses Manuel, Hank Harney and Alex Engh discovered a gold outcropping near Lead, South Dakota; they claimed their find and named it the Homestake. They had located the area from which the placer gold in Deadwood Creek had eroded. Here, the men produced 10% of the world's gold supply over the next 125 years. Many more prospectors hoped to find another "Homestake" so they continued to look, but the Homestake mine was unique.[7]

text: The workers crushed the rock to release the gold, concentrated the gold by gravity methods, and then exposed the concentrate to mercury that would amalgamate or mix with the gold. Miners call this kind of gold extraction free milling.[7] Gold existed elsewhere in the Black Hills, but it was not in the free-milling state. In these conditions, gold was chemically bound to the rock, and very difficult to remove. It was called refractory gold ore. For many years, the Homestake operated as the only major gold mine in the Black Hills. Chlorization and smelting were seen as two methods that could remove gold from the refractory ore in the 1890s. More rock mining regions opened up around Lead and Deadwood because of this discovery.

text: During the gold rush, "Treasure Coaches" transporting large quantities of the precious metal worth up to $300,000 on each haul to Cheyenne, Wyoming, became a favorite target for road agents. The last recorded hold-up occurred around 3:00 pm on September 26, 1878, at the Canyon Springs station, about 35 miles south of Deadwood. The robbers bound and gagged the stableman and lined the stable wall with their guns through cracks between the logs. As the coach approached the station, the desperadoes opened fire. One guard was killed, and two guards were wounded. The chief guard took cover behind a large pine tree, exchanged a few shots with the bandits, and got them to agree to let him go if he would leave the coach with them. After he left, the outlaws tied the driver to one of the coach's wheels, opened the safe with a sledge hammer and chisels, divided the loot, and rode off in different directions. Aroused citizens in the area organized manhunts, and the stage company offered a $2,500 reward. Several suspects were lynched, others were convicted at trial on various counts, and more than half of the gold was eventually recovered.[8]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The Black Hills Gold Rush forms the background of the HBO series Deadwood.


document_title: Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway

question_text: diary of a wimpy kid the getaway where do they go

text: Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway

text: Plot[edit]

text: After many frustrations when Greg Heffley's family try to prepare for Christmas, Greg's parents decide to skip Christmas and travel by plane to Isla De Corales, the hotel they stayed at while on their honeymoon much to Greg's dismay. Greg Heffley did not want to go on this trip and skip Christmas.

text: On Christmas Eve they drive to the airport but are delayed by a series of mishaps. They encounter holiday traffic but arrive at the airport. As they fail to unload in time at the drop off zone, Frank and Greg have to return later with the luggage. Greg steps in a slush puddle and they end up missing the shuttle.

text: In the airport, the family's suitcases are too heavy, so they stuff some clothes into their carry on baggage. They enter the line for security, but a child unclips a barrier separating the lines, and everybody gets scrambled. They go through security and are delayed again by somebody who has to remove all of his piercings. Manny then gets his toy stuck in an escalator, delaying them more. As a result, the family panic, grab some luggage and dash to the gate. It turns out their flight is delayed. Greg goes to dry his sock but destroys it while doing so. He hears that the flight is overbooked, and tries to stop his family boarding in exchange of a hotel stay and $300 (soon $500), but is stopped by Susan. A replacement crew for the plane is required and they finally board.

text: Greg is first impressed by the plane's first class seats before he discovers that he has to sit in economy. However, Frank collected enough air miles because of his business trips to sit in first class. In economy, Mom, Rodrick, and Manny are seated in the right row. Greg finds out he has three seats to himself until a couple with a baby arrives late on board. The couple sits on either side of him with their baby. Greg becomes paranoid when he watches the plane's safety video and begins to ask questions about unfortunate events. Greg is very aggravated of the other passengers because most aren't watching the safety video. Mid-flight, he feels boxed in when the people in front recline and the person behind slides his feet on Greg's armrest. Greg tries to recline his chair too but when he asks the flight attendant how he learns that he can't because the row behind him is an emergency exit. He tries to swap seats with Frank but Rodrick beats him to it. He stays in the bathroom because the couple's baby started to get annoying, but then he returns to his seat after experiencing turbulence. He somehow was able to sleep for the rest of the flight.

text: As they land on Christmas Day, Greg begins to understand why the family came there. They touch down and began to head to the resort, Isla de Corrales. He is even excited by the activities the resort offer which he sees on the bus. However, Frank and Susan are disappointed that the resort has since changed, and it is now split with a family side (the Mild Side) and a couple side (the Wild Side) and the hotel they wanted to stay last time is now in the Wild Side. The family has to stay to a different hotel. The family also discovers that they got the wrong luggage that is locked, and their luggage was sent back home. They only have the clothes they put in their carry on luggage. They attempt to buy some new clothes, but Frank won't buy them as they are too expensive.

text: The family goes to explore the resort and end up at the pool. The Director of Fun shows up, however, and gets everybody moving. Greg is forced to take part in two games. After this, Greg sees an iguana by the pool and is worried, so the family goes to get some lunch. Greg and his family try to eat outside; however, too many birds and bugs keep ruining their meals. Frank contracts a stomach bug from his water, so they head back to the suite.

text: The next day, Greg uses the shower which is outside. As he puts on his slipper, a giant spider falls out. Greg has an intense fear of spiders. As a result, he calls room service, but the lady who answers says that there is a do not disturb sign on the doorknob. The lady says he has to order food for someone to come. The waiter who arrives is also scared of spiders. Eventually, they manage to trap the spider and flush it down the toilet. The family heads to the beach without Frank as he is still at the suite. He returns, however, and reveals that he found the same spider that Greg attempted to flush away on the toilet seat. Manny develops an obsession with collecting sea creatures in his bucket so he can have them as pets. Unfortunately, he is upset by Susan when she returns them, so they go to the activities.

text: Before this, they have to find Rodrick, who has been in the teen zone helping a girl get her lip ring out of the volleyball net. They first try the banana boat, but this is ruined when a kid using a water trampoline lands on and bursts their float. They get hungry, so they go to the golf clubhouse which turns them down as they are not following the dress code. They go to the swim-up bar and learn of a monkey which has been returning there for drinks every day. They are chased away when Manny finds the TV remote, changes the channel to his favorite cartoons and throws the remote in the water. Greg goes to the arcade, and the family regroups later to find Rodrick. The same girl he helped earlier is now his girlfriend. In the evening, they go to the beach bonfire and go to see turtles hatching. Just as they are prepared to leave, they begin to hatch, but they lose their way to the sea as people are using the flashes on their phones to take photos.

text: The next day, Susan goes to the spa and Frank goes to the gym. Rodrick then goes back to the teen zone. Greg takes Manny to the Toddler's Cabana, but Manny gets out of going there because he is not potty trained. He puts Manny in the pool but has to get him out again later. Susan booked a charter cruise for the whole family due in thirty minutes. On the cruise (which turns out to be a regular boat), the captain offers them to go scuba diving. Greg is freaked out by all of the deadly animals, including the venomous box jellyfish, and only stays in for one photo. As he surfaces, he swallows a big gulp of water. He thinks a seahorse was in there too: so they return to the resort to see a doctor. Frank and Susan were both seasick, so they just return to the poolside.

text: They see the Director of Fun, who keeps circling their chair, but suddenly stops at a plastic bag in Manny's bucket. It is actually a box jellyfish which Manny smuggled from the scuba diving, in which the Director of Fun launches it back into the pool in fear. Because the pool workers couldn't find the jellyfish, they have to drain the pool. They escape in the commotion, and notice Rodrick isn't there. He had been left in the sea where they went scuba diving and had extreme sunburn. They return to the suite and decide to spend their last few days outdoors.

text: The next day, Greg goes to the tennis court in hopes of learning how to play tennis. Unfortunately, it was just a cage full of children with a ball machine and tennis balls. It turns into a free-for-all, which stops suddenly when one of the kids recognizes Greg as the kid who brought the box jellyfish during the episode. He tries to tell them that it was Manny's fault, but they throw tennis balls at him. He quickly escapes the cage and goes back to the suite with his family. They were out of things to do and want to leave the resort early; however, Frank refuses to leave until he gets a decent meal. Manny discovers that the suitcase they got on mistake fell and broke and also has the clothes they need to get in the clubhouse. They each wear some of the clothes in there; the first head to the clubhouse, and then the putting green for golf. However, they are spotted by a security guard, who escorts them out of the green. A family had reported them for wearing their missing clothes.

text: They attempted a failed getaway with a golf cart, and are ultimately sent back to the hotel to return the clothes. They were also ejected from the hotel for theft, so they were forced to stay overnight at the airport hotel. The next day, Susan refuses to leave the resort to leave on a high note. So they sneak in. They skip the pool and then find Rodrick's girlfriend with a man named Rodrigo. They go back to the beach and scavenge for food by distracting others and then eating their food. They go to take one more photo but are spotted by the family who they took clothes from.

text: The Heffleys try to escape the resort. Greg heads to the beach and windsurfs away. He gets stuck in the dolphin swimming area but is chased back to shore by security. He ends up on the Wild Side (couple) of the beach and lands on a nude beach. Greg runs for the wall dividing the two sides; just where his family was passing. Greg tries to climb over the wall separating the two sides, but it is destroyed by a stampede of Mild Side tourists. The family escapes unnoticed and heads to the airport.

text: When they get back, Greg wants to show Rowley where he went to for his Christmas holidays. He discovers that he and his family has been banned from the resort for the rest of their lives and are wanted for the chaos they caused. On Isla de Corrales' website, there is a picture of Greg's family on the banana boat with words in Spanish: "¡Atención! Póngase en Contacto con Isla de Corrales si conoce la identidad de las personas en la foto de Arriba." meaning "Attention! Contact Coral Island if you know the identities of the people in the picture above."

text: Release date[edit]

text: The Getaway is the 12th book in the series, and was released everywhere except Canada and China on November 7, 2017.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: A week since its release, it has received 4.5/5 stars on Waterstones with 786 reviews.[3]


document_title: Prebendalism

question_text: who wrote about prebendalism as a major bane of nigerian politics

text: Prebendalism

text: Origins of the term[edit]

text: The Catholic Encyclopedia defines a prebend as the "right of member of chapter to his share in the revenues of a cathedral".[1]

text: Max Weber used the term to describe India and China in the early Middle Ages in his 1915 book The Religion of China[2] and his 1916 book The Religion of India.[3]

text:
The occidental seigneurie, like the oriental Indian, developed through the disintegration of the central authority of the patrimonial state power—the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire in the Occident, the disintegration of the Caliphs and the Maharadja or Great Moguls in India. In the Carolingian Empire, however, the new stratum developed on the basis of a rural subsistence economy. Through oath-bound vassalage, patterned after the war following, the stratum of lords was joined to the king and interposed itself between the freemen and the king. Feudal relations were also to be found in India, but they were not decisive for the formation either of a nobility or landlordism.
In India, as in the Orient generally, a characteristic seigniory developed rather out of tax farming and the military and tax prebends of a far more bureaucratic state. The oriental seigniory therefore remained in essence, a "prebend" and did not become a "fief"; not feudalization, but prebendalization of the patrimonial state occurred. The comparable, though undeveloped, occidental parallel is not the medieval fief but the purchase of offices and prebends during the papal seicento or during the days of the French Noblesse de Robe.[3]

text: Alavi describes how state-derived rights over capital held by state officials in parts of India in the early 18th Century were held to be of a patron-client nature and thus volatile. They were thus converted where possible into hereditary entitlements.[4]

text: In Nigeria[edit]

text: Richard A. Joseph, director of The Program of African Studies at Northwestern University, is usually credited with first using the term to describe patron-clientelism or neopatrimonialism in Nigeria.[5] Since then the term has commonly been used in scholarly literature and textbooks.

text: Joseph wrote in 1996, "According to the theory of prebendalism, state offices are regarded as prebends that can be appropriated by officeholders, who use them to generate material benefits for themselves and their constituents and kin groups..."[6]

text: As a result of that kind of patron-client or identity politics, Nigeria has regularly been one of the lowest ranked nations for political transparency by Transparency International in its Corruption Perceptions Index.[7]

text: Other uses include the corruption investigations into the activities of 31 out of 36 Nigerian governors,[8] the frequent comments in the Nigerian press about the problems of corruption (for example, Victor E. Dike's article in the Daily Champion of Lagos, "Nigeria: Governance and Nigeria's Ailing Economy"[9]) and the common defenses of prebendalism as necessary for justice and equality in government funding (for example Oliver O. Mbamara's editorial, "In Defense of Nigeria: Amidst the Feasting of Critics" at Africa Events.[10]


document_title: Stuck in the Middle (TV series)

question_text: harley's friend in stuck in the middle

question_tokens: harley 's friend in stuck in the middle

text: Stuck in the Middle (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Set in Massachusetts,[1] in the fictional town of Marshport, the series tells the story of the Diaz family, specifically focusing on Harley, the middle of the seven children. Harley makes her way using her creativity to deal with living in a large family.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Harley Diaz (Jenna Ortega) is the middle of seven children and a young engineering prodigy. She is the central character in the series and views herself as an inventor. Some of her known inventions are the Conveyor Belt Table, the Slushinator, the Skate Kite, the Pick-Me-Up, and a snow machine. In "Stuck in the Sweet Seat", it is revealed it is her 13th birthday. A significant feature is that she tends to break the fourth wall to tell the viewers something about the situation.
Rachel Diaz (Ronni Hawk) is the oldest of the seven children and Harley's vain older sister. In "Stuck with No Rules", it is revealed that she is 16. She is a main character for the first two seasons. In the third season episode "Stuck with Rachel's Secret", Rachel leaves the family to attend college in Paris, France, while interning at a fashion company there.
Ethan Diaz (Isaak Presley) is Harley's oldest brother and her partner-in-crime; she refers to him as her best friend in the family. He is an aspiring musician. In "Stuck in the Sweet Seat", it is implied that he is the third oldest of the seven, behind Rachel and Georgie.
Daphne Diaz (Ariana Greenblatt) is the youngest of the seven children and Harley's younger sister. She enjoys having tea time with her dolls and sleeps in her indoor dollhouse. In "Stuck with No Rules", it is revealed that Daphne can easily retaliate against anyone who takes things from her without getting her approval first.
Georgie Diaz (Kayla Maisonet) is one of Harley's older sisters and the second oldest of the seven as implied in "Stuck in the Sweet Seat". She is a basketball player at her school and does an assortment of other sports .
Lewie Diaz (Nicolas Bechtel)[Note 1] is one of Harley's two younger brothers and Beast's twin. It is revealed in "Stuck in the Beast-Day Party" that Lewie is older than Beast by five minutes.
Beast Diaz (Malachi Barton)[Note 1] is one of Harley's two younger brothers and Lewie's twin.
Suzy Diaz (Cerina Vincent) is Harley's quirky mother who rarely has any alone time from her children and tends to spend it in the most unlikely places. Suzy is the one who usually punishes the kids from grounding them to even putting them on lockdown for higher violations.
Tom Diaz (Joe Nieves) is Harley's father who is the proprietor of a marina store called "Tom's Bait and Bite" which sells camping and fishing equipment.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Bethany Peters (Lauren Pritchard) is a neighbor of the Diaz family who regularly criticizes Suzy and Tom's parenting of their children and is often annoyed with the antics of Lewie and Beast. She is a protective mother to her daughter Ellie whom she never lets have any fun as seen in "Stuck in the Block Party".
Ellie Peters (Lulu Lambros) is Bethany's daughter and Harley's best friend who is on the same basketball team as Georgie. In "Stuck in Harley's Comet", it is revealed that Ellie is afraid of heights, darkness, and birds. In "Stuck with a Bad Influence", Ellie is sent to a boarding school called Radistone Academy by her mother.
Cuff (Brett Pierce) is an irresponsible teenager who is Rachel's boyfriend and is disliked by Tom. When Cuff works briefly at "Tom's Bait and Bite" in "Stuck with My Sister's Boyfriend", his real first name is revealed to be Warren. While he was first seen in the first season, he isn't seen again until the third season episode "Stuck in a Mysterious Robbery" where it confirms that he and Rachel broke up.

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ Jump up to: a b Malachi Barton is credited before Nicolas Bechtel in the Stuck in the Middle pilot episode, but Bechtel is credited before Barton in all subsequent episodes starting with "Stuck in the Sweet Seat".

tag: ol

text: Production[edit]

text: Production on the series began in November 2015.[2] A preview of Stuck in the Middle aired on Disney Channel on February 14, 2016.[3] Additional episodes began airing on March 11, 2016.

text: Disney Channel renewed Stuck in the Middle for a second season on June 15, 2016.[4] The second season premiered on February 3, 2017. The series was renewed for a third season by Disney Channel on August 31, 2017.[5] The third season premiered on December 8, 2017. On March 30, 2018, Disney Channel announced that the series will end after three seasons.[6]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
17
February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14)
July 22, 2016 (2016-07-22)

2
20
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)

3
22[7]
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)
TBA

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
17
February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14)
2.81[8]
July 22, 2016 (2016-07-22)
2.06[9]
1.60

2
20
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)
2.13[10]
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
1.31[11]
1.19

3
11
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)
1.36[12]
TBA
TBD
1.09

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref.

2017
Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Program
Nominated
[13]

Kids' Choice Awards Colombia
Favorite International Program
Nominated
[14]

Kids' Choice Awards Argentina
Favorite International Program
Nominated
[15]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series first premiered 15 minutes before the first airing in the U.S. on Disney Channel in Canada as a special on February 14, 2016. The series premiered on Watch Disney Channel and Disney Channel on Demand on February 15, 2016. The series began airing regularly on March 11, 2016, airing at the same time as the United States.[16]


document_title: NFL starting quarterback playoff records

question_text: who has more playoff wins in the nfl

question_tokens: who has more playoff wins in the nfl

text: Champion starters[edit]

text:
The following 54 quarterbacks have led their team to an NFL or AFL title.
Super Bowls before the 1970 AFL–NFL merger are not included in total championship count.
Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form.
Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion quarterbacks for each team in the order they won the title game for their team.

text:
Bold denotes an
active player

0^0 Won with 2 teams

text:
Champion Quarterbacks listed by number of wins, then year

Rank
Quarterback
Team
NFL Season
Total
Championships

NFL Champs
Super Bowls

1
Starr, BartBart Starr0†
Packers
1961, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1967
1966, 1967 (pre 1970)
5

Brady, TomTom Brady
Patriots

2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016

3
Luckman, SidSid Luckman*0†
Bears
1940, 1941, 1943, 1946

4

Bradshaw, TerryTerry Bradshaw0†
Steelers

1974, 1975, 1978, 1979

Montana, JoeJoe Montana0†
49ers

1981, 1984, 1988, 1989

6
Graham, OttoOtto Graham0†
Browns
1950, 1954, 1955

3

Unitas, JohnnyJohnny Unitas0†
Colts
1958, 1959
1970

Dawson, LenLen Dawson0†
Dallas Texans
Chiefs
AFL 1962, 1966, 1969
1969 (pre 1970)

Aikman, TroyTroy Aikman0†
Cowboys

1992, 1993, 1995

10
Danowski, EdEd Danowski*
Giants
1934, 1938

2

Herber, ArnieArnie Herber *0†
Packers
1936, 1939

Baugh, SammySammy Baugh *0†
Redskins
1937, 1942

Waterfield, BobBob Waterfield*0†
Rams
1945, 1951

Thompson, TommyTommy Thompson*
Eagles
1948, 1949

Layne, BobbyBobby Layne0†
Lions
1952, 1953

Rote, TobinTobin Rote ^
Lions
1957

Chargers
AFL 1963

Blanda, GeorgeGeorge Blanda0†
Oilers
AFL 1960, 1961

Kemp, JackJack Kemp
Bills
AFL 1964, 1965

Staubach, RogerRoger Staubach0†
Cowboys

1971, 1977

Griese, BobBob Griese0†
Dolphins

1972, 1973

Plunkett, JimJim Plunkett
Raiders

1980, 1983

Elway, JohnJohn Elway0†
Broncos

1997, 1998

Roethlisberger, BenBen Roethlisberger
Steelers

2005, 2008

Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning ^
Colts

2006

Broncos

2015

Manning, EliEli Manning
Giants

2007, 2011

26
Brumbaugh, CarlCarl Brumbaugh*
Bears
1933

1

Presnell, GlennGlenn Presnell*
Lions
1935

Comp, IrvIrv Comp *
Packers
1944

Christman, PaulPaul Christman *
Cardinals
1947

Heinrich, DonDon Heinrich
Giants
1956

Van Brocklin, NormNorm Van Brocklin0†
Eagles
1960

Wade, BillBill Wade
Bears
1963

Ryan, FrankFrank Ryan
Browns
1964

Lamonica, DaryleDaryle Lamonica
Raiders
AFL 1967

Morrall, EarlEarl Morrall
Colts
1968

Namath, JoeJoe Namath0†
Jets
AFL 1968
1968 (pre 1970)

Kapp, JoeJoe Kapp
Vikings
1969

Stabler, KenKen Stabler0†
Raiders

1976

Theismann, JoeJoe Theismann
Redskins

1982

McMahon, JimJim McMahon
Bears

1985

Simms, PhilPhil Simms
Giants

1986

Williams, DougDoug Williams
Redskins

1987

Hostetler, JeffJeff Hostetler
Giants

1990

Rypien, MarkMark Rypien
Redskins

1991

Young, SteveSteve Young0†
49ers

1994

Favre, BrettBrett Favre0†
Packers

1996

Warner, KurtKurt Warner0†
Rams

1999

Dilfer, TrentTrent Dilfer
Ravens

2000

Johnson, BradBrad Johnson
Buccaneers

2002

Brees, DrewDrew Brees
Saints

2009

Rodgers, AaronAaron Rodgers
Packers

2010

Flacco, JoeJoe Flacco
Ravens

2012

Russell Wilson
Seahawks

2013

Nick Foles
Eagles

2017

text: Winning starters[edit]

text: Tom Brady holds the NFL record for most playoff wins by a quarterback with 27, the record for most playoff games started (37). Joe Flacco holds the record for most post-season road wins by a quarterback, with 7. For players with 5 or more playoff appearances, Bart Starr holds the record for the highest winning percentage, (.900) and is tied for the record for most championships (5 NFL titles plus 2 Super Bowl wins vs. AFL teams) with Tom Brady who has won 5 Super Bowls to this point in his career. Six quarterbacks are undefeated in post-season play but all of them have just a single appearance as a starter except for Frank Reich who had two starts. Hall of Fame quarterback Y. A. Tittle shares the record with Andy Dalton for the highest number of playoff starts without ever winning a game (4). Donovan McNabb and Jim Kelly hold the record for the highest number of playoff wins (9) without winning a championship.

text:
This table lists all quarterbacks who have won a playoff game in the NFL or the AFL.
Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form.
Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion quarterbacks for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team.

text:
Bold denotes an active player

Won 1 NFL Championship *
1920–1969

Won 2 or more NFL Championships ¤
1920–1969

Won 1 AFL Championship ~
1960–1969

Won 2 or more AFL Championships ‡
1960–1969

Won a Super Bowl ^
1970–

Won 2 or more Super Bowls **
1970–

text:
From 1960–1969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed.
Super Bowls listed after NFL-AFL merger.

0† is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame

text: Updated through the 2017 season.

text:
Quarterbacks Sorted by 1st – Most Wins00 2nd – Fewest Losses00 3rd – Most Championships

Rank
Quarterback
Games
0Wins0
Losses
Percent
Teams
Championship
Season(s)
Ref

1
Brady, TomTom Brady
37
27
10
.730
Pat 1
Patriots**

2001 !2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016
[2]

2
Montana, JoeJoe Montana0†
23
16
7
.696
49 1
49ers** (14-5)
Chiefs (2-2)
1981 !1981, 1984, 1988, 1989
[3]

3
Bradshaw, TerryTerry Bradshaw0†
19
14
5
.737
Steel 1
Steelers**

1974 !1974, 1975, 1978, 1979
[4]

4
Elway, JohnJohn Elway0†
21
14
7
.672 !.667
Bronc 1
Broncos**

1997 !1997, 1998
[5]

5
Manning, PeytonPeyton Manning
27
14
13
.519
Colt 3
Colts ** (9-10)

2006
[6]

Bronc 2
Broncos ** (5-3)

2015

6
Roethlisberger, BenBen Roethlisberger
21
13
8
.619
Steel 2
Steelers**

2005 !2005, 2008
[7]

7
Favre, BrettBrett Favre0†
24
13
11
.542
Pac 4
Packers ^ (12-10)
Vikings (1-1)
1996
[8]

8
Aikman, TroyTroy Aikman0†
15
11
4
.733
Cow 2
Cowboys**

1992 !1992, 1993, 1995
[9]

9
Staubach, RogerRoger Staubach0†
17
11
6
.647
Cow 1
Cowboys**

1971 !1971, 1977

10
Flacco, JoeJoe Flacco
15
10
5
.671 !.667
Rav 2
Ravens ^

2012
[10]

11
Rodgers, AaronAaron Rodgers
16
9
7
.563
Pac 5
Packers ^

2010
[11]

12
Starr, BartBart Starr0†
10
9
1
.900
Pac 3
Packers ¤

01961 !1961, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1967
[12]

13
Warner, KurtKurt Warner0†
13
9
4
.692
Ram 3
Rams ^ (5-2)
Cardinals (4-2)
1999
[13]

14
McNabb, DonovanDonovan McNabb
16
9
7
.563
Eagles
3000 !
[14]

15
Kelly, JimJim Kelly0†
17
9
8
.529
Bills
3000 !

16
Plunkett, JimJim Plunkett
10
8
2
.82 !.800
Raid 3
Raiders**

1980 !1980, 1983
[15]

17
Manning, EliEli Manning
12
8
4
.667
G 5
Giants**

2007, 2011
[16]

Russell Wilson
12
8
4
.667
Sea 1
Seahawks ^

2013
[17]

19
Young, SteveSteve Young0†
14
8
6
.578 !.571
49 2
49ers ^

1994
[18]

20
Marino, DanDan Marino0†
18
8
10
.4445 !.444
Dolphins
3000 !
[19]

21
Stabler, KenKen Stabler0†
12
7
5
.583
Raid 2
Raiders ^ (7-4)
Oilers (0-1)
1976
[20]

22
Brees, DrewDrew Brees
13
7
6
.538
Saint 1Chargers (0-1)
Saints ^ (7-5)

2009
[21]

23
Unitas, JohnnyJohnny Unitas0†
8
6
2
.756 !.750
Colt 1
Colts ¤
Colts ^

1958 !1958, 1959
1970

24
Theismann, JoeJoe Theismann
8
6
2
.756 !.750
Red 3
Redskins ^

1982
[22]

25
Simms, PhilPhil Simms
10
6
4
.600
G 3
Giants ^

1986

26
Griese, BobBob Griese0†
11
6
5
.545
Dol 1
Dolphins**

1972 !1972, 1973
[23]

27
Tarkenton, FranFran Tarkenton0†
11
6
5
.545
Vikings
3000 !
[24]

28
Luckman, SidSid Luckman*0†
6
5
1
.833
Be 2
Bears ¤

1940 !1940, 1941, 1943, 1946
[25]

29
Dilfer, TrentTrent Dilfer
6
5
1
.833
Rav 1Buccaneers (1-1)
Ravens ^ (4-0)

2000
[26]

30
Rypien, MarkMark Rypien
7
5
2
.714
Red 4
Redskins ^

1991
[27]

31
Dawson, LenLen Dawson0†
8
5
3
.625
Chie 1
Dallas Texans / Chiefs‡

AFL 1962, 1966, 1969
[28]

32
Delhomme, JakeJake Delhomme
8
5
3
.625
Panthers
3000 !

33
Morton, CraigCraig Morton
10
5
5
.505 !.500
Cowboys (3-2) Broncos (2-3)
3000 !
[29]

White, DannyDanny White
10
5
5
.505 !.500
Cowboys
3000 !
[30]

Brunell, MarkMark Brunell
10
5
5
.505 !.500
Jaguars (4-4) Redskins (1-1)
3000 !
[31]

McNair, SteveSteve McNair
10
5
5
.505 !.500
Titan 2Titans (5-4) Ravens (0-1)
3000 !
[32]

37
Hasselbeck, MattMatt Hasselbeck
11
5
6
.455
Seahawks
3000 !
[33]

38
Morrall, EarlEarl Morrall
5
4
1
.800
Colt 2
Colts* (2-1)
Dolphins (2-0)
1968
[34]

Hostetler, JeffJeff Hostetler
5
4
1
.800
G 4
Giants ^ (3-0)
Raiders (1-1)
1990
[35]

40
Sanchez, MarkMark Sanchez
6
4
2
.668 !.667
Jets
3000 !

Kaepernick, ColinColin Kaepernick
6
4
2
.668 !.667
49ers
3000 !
[36]

42
Graham, OttoOtto Graham0†
7
4
3
.571
Brown 1
Browns ¤

1950 !1950, 1954, 1955

43
Williams, DougDoug Williams
7
4
3
.571
Red 3Buccaneers (1-3)
Redskins ^ (3-0)

1987
[37]

Johnson, BradBrad Johnson
7
4
3
.571
Buc 1Vikings (0-1) Redskins (1-1)
Buccaneers ^ (3-1)

2002
[38]

45
Gannon, RichRich Gannon
7
4
3
.571
Raiders
3000 !

46
Jaworski, RonRon Jaworski
8
4
4
.504 !.500
Rams (1-0) Eagles (3-4)
3000 !
[39]

47
Lamonica, DaryleDaryle Lamonica
9
4
5
.444

Raiders

AFL 1967

48
Rivers, PhilipPhilip Rivers
9
4
5
.444
Chargers
3000 !

49
Ryan, MattMatt Ryan
10
4
6
.4001  !.400
Falcons
3000 !
[40]

50
Thompson, TommyTommy Thompson*
4
3
1
.750
Ea 1
Eagles ¤

1948 !1948, 1949
[41]

Layne, BobbyBobby Layne0†
4
3
1
.750
Li 2
Lions ¤

1952 !1952, 1953

Rote, TobinTobin Rote
4
3
1
.750
Li 3
Lions* (2-0)

1957
[42]

Charger 1
Chargers~ (1-1)

AFL 1963

53
Foles, NickNick Foles
4
3
1
.750
Ea 3
Eagles ^

2017
[43]

54
Pastorini, DanDan Pastorini
5
3
2
.600
Titan 3Oilers
3000 !

Woodley, DavidDavid Woodley
5
3
2
.600
Dolphins
3000 !

Esiason, BoomerBoomer Esiason
5
3
2
.600
Bengals
3000 !
[44]

Schroeder, JayJay Schroeder
5
3
2
.600
Redskins (2-1) Raiders (1-1)
3000 !
[45]

Eason, TonyTony Eason
5
3
2
.600
Patriots
3000 !
[46]

Tomczak, MikeMike Tomczak
5
3
2
.600
Bears (2-1) Steelers (1-1)
3000 !
[47]

60
Baugh, SammySammy Baugh *0†
6
3
3
.503 !.500
Red 1
Redskins ¤

1937 !1937, 1942
[48]

61
McMahon, JimJim McMahon
6
3
3
.503 !.500
Be 4
Bears ^ (3-2)
Vikings (0-1)
1985
[49]

62
Ferragamo, VinceVince Ferragamo
6
3
3
.503 !.500
Rams
3000 !
[50]

Humphries, StanStan Humphries
6
3
3
.503 !.500
Chargers
3000 !

Bledsoe, DrewDrew Bledsoe
6
3
3
.503 !.500
Patriots
3000 !

Luck, AndrewAndrew Luck
6
3
3
.503 !.500
Colts
3000 !
[51]

66
Fouts, DanDan Fouts0†
7
3
4
.429
Chargers
3000 !
[52]

Kosar, BernieBernie Kosar
7
3
4
.429
Browns
3000 !
[53]

O'Donnell, NeilNeil O'Donnell
7
3
4
.429
Steelers
3000 !

Collins, KerryKerry Collins
7
3
4
.429
Panthers(1-1) Giants (2-2) Titans (0-1)
3000 !
[54]

Newton, CamCam Newton
7
3
4
.429
Panthers
3000 !
[55]

71
Krieg, DaveDave Krieg
9
3
6
.339 !.333
Seahawks (3-4) Chiefs (0-1) Lions (0-1)
3000 !
[56]

Cunningham, RandallRandall Cunningham
9
3
6
.339 !.333
Eagles (1-4) Vikings (2-2)
3000 !
[57]

73
Moon, WarrenWarren Moon0†
10
3
7
.300
Titan 4Oilers (3-6) Vikings (0-1)
3000 !
[58]

74
Reich, FrankFrank Reich
2
2
0
1.2 !1.000
Bills
3000 !

75
Blanda, GeorgeGeorge Blanda0†
3
2
1
.667

Oilers‡

AFL 1960, 1961
[59][60]

76
Heinrich, DonDon Heinrich
3
2
1
.667
G 2
Giants*

1956

Namath, JoeJoe Namath0†
3
2
1
.667
Jet 1
Jets ^

AFL 1968

78
Chandler, ChrisChris Chandler
3
2
1
.667
Falcons
3000 !
[61]

Bortles, BlakeBlake Bortles
3
2
1
.667
Jaguars
3000 !
[62]

80
Danowski, EdEd Danowski*
4
2
2
.502 !.500
G 1
Giants ¤

1934 !1934, 1938

Herber, ArnieArnie Herber *0†
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Pac 1
Packers ¤ (2-1)
Giants (0-1)
1936 !1936, 1939
[63][64]

Waterfield, BobBob Waterfield*0†
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Ram 1
Rams ¤

1945 !1945, 1951

83
Van Brocklin, NormNorm Van Brocklin0†
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Ea 2Rams (1-2)
Eagles* (1-0)

1960

Kapp, JoeJoe Kapp
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Vik 1
Vikings*

1969

85
Todd, RichardRichard Todd
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Jets
3000 !

Kramer, TommyTommy Kramer
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Vikings
3000 !
[65]

Stewart, KordellKordell Stewart
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Steelers
3000 !

Culpepper, DaunteDaunte Culpepper
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Vikings
3000 !
[66]

Grossman, RexRex Grossman
4
2
2
.502 !.500
Bears
3000 !

90
Brodie, JohnJohn Brodie
5
2
3
.400
49ers
3000 !

Nelsen, BillBill Nelsen
5
2
3
.400
Browns
3000 !
[67]

Haden, PatPat Haden
5
2
3
.400
Rams
3000 !

Wilson, WadeWade Wilson
5
2
3
.400
Vikings
3000 !
[68]

Everett, JimJim Everett
5
2
3
.400
Rams
3000 !

Harbaugh, JimJim Harbaugh
5
2
3
.400
Bears (0-1) Colts (2-2)
3000 !
[69]

Testaverde, VinnyVinny Testaverde
5
2
3
.400
Browns (1-1) Jets (1-2)
3000 !
[70]

Vick, MichaelMichael Vick
5
2
3
.400
Falcons (2-2) Eagles (0-1)
3000 !
[71]

98
Kemp, JackJack Kemp
6
2
4
.336 !.333
Bill 1Chargers (0-2)
Bills‡ (2-2)

AFL 1964, 1965
[72]

99
Anderson, KenKen Anderson
6
2
4
.336 !.333
Bengals
3000 !

Plummer, JakeJake Plummer
6
2
4
.336 !.333
Cardinals (1-1) Broncos (1-3)
3000 !
[73]

Garcia, JeffJeff Garcia
6
2
4
.336 !.333
49ers (1-2) Eagles (1-1) Buccaneers (0-1)
3000 !
[74]

Pennington, ChadChad Pennington
6
2
4
.336 !.333
Jets (2-3) Dolphins (0-1)
3000 !
[75]

Romo, TonyTony Romo
6
2
4
.336 !.333
Cowboys
3000 !
[76]

104
Kilmer, BillyBilly Kilmer
7
2
5
.286
Redskins
3000 !
[77]

Smith, AlexAlex Smith
7
2
5
.286
49ers (1-1) Chiefs (1-4)
3000 !
[78]

106
Presnell, GlennGlenn Presnell*
1
1
0
1.000
Li 1
Lions*

1935

Comp, IrvIrv Comp *
1
1
0
1.000
Pac 2
Packers*

1944
[79]

Christman, PaulPaul Christman *
1
1
0
1.000
Card 1
Cardinals*

1947
[80]

Wade, BillBill Wade
1
1
0
1.000
Be 3
Bears*

1963

110
Nielsen, GiffordGifford Nielsen
1
1
0
1.000
TitansOilers
3000 !

111
Brumbaugh, CarlCarl Brumbaugh*
2
1
1
.500
Be 1
Bears*

1933

112
Parilli, BabeBabe Parilli
2
1
1
.500
Patriots
3000 !

Dickey, LynnLynn Dickey
2
1
1
.500
Packers
3000 !

Ryan, PatPat Ryan
2
1
1
.500
Jets
3000 !

Fuller, SteveSteve Fuller
2
1
1
.500
Bears
3000 !

Malone, MarkMark Malone
2
1
1
.500
Steelers
3000 !
[81]

Brunner, ScottScott Brunner
2
1
1
.500
Giants
3000 !

Brock, DieterDieter Brock
2
1
1
.500
Rams
3000 !

Brister, BubbyBubby Brister
2
1
1
.500
Steelers
3000 !
[82]

Miller, ChrisChris Miller
2
1
1
.500
Falcons
3000 !
[83]

Beuerlein, SteveSteve Beuerlein
2
1
1
.500
Cowboys
3000 !

Peete, RodneyRodney Peete
2
1
1
.500
Eagles
3000 !

Maddox, TommyTommy Maddox
2
1
1
.500
Steelers
3000 !
[84]

Brooks, AaronAaron Brooks
2
1
1
.500
Saints
3000 !
[85]

Garrard, DavidDavid Garrard
2
1
1
.500
Jaguars
3000 !
[86]

Tebow, TimTim Tebow
2
1
1
.500
Broncos
3000 !
[87]

Cutler, JayJay Cutler
2
1
1
.500
Bears
3000 !

Yates, T. J.T. J. Yates
2
1
1
.500
Texans
3000 !
[88]

Schaub, MattMatt Schaub
2
1
1
.500
Texans
3000 !
[89]

Brock Osweiler
2
1
1
.500
Texans
3000 !
[90]

Mariota, MarcusMarcus Mariota
2
1
1
.500
Titans
3000 !
[91]

Keenum, CaseCase Keenum
2
1
1
.500
Vikings
3000 !
[92]

133
Ryan, FrankFrank Ryan
3
1
2
.333
Brown 2
Browns*

1964

134
Harris, JamesJames Harris
3
1
2
.333
Rams
3000 !

Lee, BobBob Lee
3
1
2
.333
Vikings
3000 !
[93]

Kramer, ErikErik Kramer
3
1
2
.333
Lions
3000 !

Walsh, SteveSteve Walsh
3
1
2
.333
Saints (0-1) Bears (1-1)
3000 !
[94]

George, JeffJeff George
3
1
2
.333
Falcons (0-1) Vikings (1-1)
3000 !
[95]

Grbac, ElvisElvis Grbac
3
1
2
.333
Chiefs (0-1) Ravens (1-1)
3000 !
[96]

Fiedler, JayJay Fiedler
3
1
2
.333
Dolphins
3000 !

King, ShaunShaun King
3
1
2
.333
Buccaneers
3000 !

Bulger, MarcMarc Bulger
3
1
2
.333
Rams
3000 !
[97]

143
Meredith, DonDon Meredith
4
1
3
.250
Cowboys
3000 !

Ferguson, JoeJoe Ferguson
4
1
3
.250
Bills
3000 !

Bartkowski, SteveSteve Bartkowski
4
1
3
.250
Falcons
3000 !

DeBerg, SteveSteve DeBerg
4
1
3
.250
Broncos (0-1) Chiefs (1-2)
3000 !
[98]

Palmer, CarsonCarson Palmer
4
1
3
.250
Bengals (0-2) Cardinals(1-1)
3000 !
[99]

Rank
Quarterback
Games
0Wins0
Losses
Percent
Teams
Championship
Season(s)
Ref

text: Remaining starters[edit]

text: Updated through the 2017-18 playoffs.[100]

text:
Bold denotes an active quarterback

†
Member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame

text:
1 Playoff Loss

Team
Quarterback

Bears
Avellini, BobBob Avellini

Ed Brown

Lujack, JohnnyJohnny Lujack

Masterson, BernieBernie Masterson

Miller, JimJim Miller

Bengals
Carter, VirgilVirgil Carter

McCarron, AJAJ McCarron

Bills
Johnson, RobRob Johnson

Taylor, TyrodTyrod Taylor

Browns
Holcomb, KellyKelly Holcomb

McDonald, PaulPaul McDonald

O'Connell, TommyTommy O'Connell

Plum, MiltMilt Plum

Sipe, BrianBrian Sipe

Strock, DonDon Strock

Buccaneers
Simms, ChrisChris Simms

Cardinals
Lindley, RyanRyan Lindley

Lomax, NeilNeil Lomax

Mallouf, RayRay Mallouf

Chiefs
Blackledge, ToddTodd Blackledge

Bono, SteveSteve Bono

Cassel, MattMatt Cassel

Colts
Matte, TomTom Matte

Trudeau, JackJack Trudeau

Cowboys
Carter, QuincyQuincy Carter

Prescott, DakDak Prescott

Dolphins
Moore, MattMatt Moore

Eagles
Detmer, TyTy Detmer

Giants
Filchock, FrankFrank Filchock*

Kanell, DannyDanny Kanell

Newman, HarryHarry Newman*

1 Playoff Loss

Team
Quarterback

Jaguars
Leftwich, ByronByron Leftwich

Lions
Danielson, GaryGary Danielson

Hipple, EricEric Hipple

Landry, GregGreg Landry

Packers
Hunter, ScottScott Hunter

Isbell, CecilCecil Isbell*

Patriots
Zolak, ScottScott Zolak

Raiders
Connor Cook

Marinovich, ToddTodd Marinovich

Wilson, MarcMarc Wilson

Rams
Goff, JaredJared Goff

Kemp, JeffJeff Kemp

Ravens
Wright, AnthonyAnthony Wright

Redskins
Collins, ToddTodd Collins

Cousins, KirkKirk Cousins

Griffin III, RobertRobert Griffin III

Smith, RileyRiley Smith*

Seahawks
Kitna, JonJon Kitna

Steelers
Clement, JohnnyJohnny Clement*

Stoudt, CliffCliff Stoudt

Texans
Hoyer, BrianBrian Hoyer

Oilers
Titans
Carlson, CodyCody Carlson

Young, VinceVince Young

Vikings
Bridgewater, TeddyTeddy Bridgewater

Cuozzo, GaryGary Cuozzo

Jackson, TarvarisTarvaris Jackson0

Salisbury, SeanSean Salisbury

Webb, JoeJoe Webb

2 Playoff Losses

Quarterback
Team

Flutie, DougDoug Flutie
Bears
Bills

Phipps, MikeMike Phipps
Browns
Bears

Hart, JimJim Hart
Cardinals

Hadl, JohnJohn Hadl
Chargers
Rams

Green, TrentTrent Green
Chiefs

Conerly, CharlieCharlie Conerly0
Giants

Leemans, TuffyTuffy Leemans*
Giants

O'Brien, KenKen O'Brien
Jets

Frerotte, GusGus Frerotte
Lions
Broncos

Mitchell, ScottScott Mitchell
Lions

Beathard, PetePete Beathard
TitansOilers

Gabriel, RomanRoman Gabriel
Rams

v

3 Playoff Losses

Quarterback
Team

Jones, BertBert Jones
Colts

Stafford, MatthewMatthew Stafford
Lions

Grogan, SteveSteve Grogan0
Patriots

Hebert, BobbyBobby Hebert
Saints

v

4 Playoff Losses

Quarterback
Team

Tittle, Y. A.Y. A. Tittle0†
49ers (0-1)
Giants (0-3)

Dalton, AndyAndy Dalton
Bengals


document_title: Reduced level

question_text: the datum adopted in india is the mean sea level at

text: Reduced level

text: Datum used[edit]

text: The most common and convenient datum which is internationally accepted is mean sea level. Countries take their nearby sea levels as datum planes for calculations of Reduced levels . For example, Pakistan takes sea near Karachi as its datum while India takes sea near Mumbai as its datum for calculation of Reduced levels of different places in their respective countries. The term Reduced Level is denoted shortly by ‘RL’. National survey departments of each country determines RL’s of significantly important locations or points. These points are called as permanent benchmarks and this survey process is known as Great Trigonometrical Surveying (GTS). The permanent bench marks act as reference points for determining RL’s of other locations in a particular country.[4][5] [6] [7]

text: Instruments[edit]

text: The instruments used to determine reduced level include:-

text: Optical Levelling instruments like Automatic Level, Y-Level, Dumpy level

text: and Coke’s reversible level. Anyone of these can be used at a time for the purpose.

text:
Levelling Staff.
Tripod stand[8]

text: RL calculation[edit]

text: RL of a survey point can be determined by two methods:-

text:
Height of Instrument method
Rise and Fall method

text: Significance[edit]

text:
For drainage of water under gravity a suitable slope is required. Thus roads are built in the fashion that their RL’s on sides are comparatively smaller than the RL at the mid-span of the road. This ensures proper drainage of water from roads.
To construct a buildings, roads, dams a horizontal levelled surface is required. So at constructive sites RL’s of different points are obtained. The ground surface is then being levelled to RL which is obtained by taking arthemetic mean of RL’s of different points.[9]