document_title: The World's Billionaires

question_text: who has highest net worth in the world

question_tokens: who has highest net worth in the world

root

text: The World's Billionaires

text: Methodology

text: Each year, Forbes employs a team of more than 50 reporters from a variety of countries to track the activity of the world's wealthiest individuals.[11] Preliminary surveys are sent to those who may qualify for the list. According to Forbes, they received three types of responses – some people try to inflate their wealth, others cooperate but leave out details, and some refuse to answer any questions.[12] Business deals are then scrutinized and estimates of valuable assets – land, homes, vehicles, artwork, etc. – are made. Interviews are conducted to vet the figures and improve the estimate of an individual's holdings. Finally, positions in a publicly traded stock are priced to market on a date roughly a month before publication. Privately held companies are priced by the prevailing price-to-sales or price-to-earnings ratios. Known debt is subtracted from assets to get a final estimate of an individual's estimated worth in United States dollars. Since stock prices fluctuate rapidly, an individual's true wealth and ranking at the time of publication may vary from their situation when the list was compiled.[11]

text: Family fortunes dispersed over a large number of relatives are included only if those individuals' holdings are worth more than a billion dollars. However, when a living individual has dispersed his or her wealth to immediate family members, it is included under a single listing provided that individual is still living.[11] Royal families and dictators that have their wealth contingent on a position are always excluded from these lists.[13]

text: Annual rankings

text: The rankings are published annually in March, so the net worth listed are snapshots taken at that time. These lists only show the top 10 wealthiest billionaires for each year.

text: Legend

text:
Icon

Description

Has not changed from the previous ranking.

Has increased from the previous ranking.

Has decreased from the previous ranking.

tag: table

text: In the 32nd annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires, the aggregate wealth of the top 20 richest people on Earth amounts to about 13 percent of all billionaires' fortunes combined.[2] A record of 2,208 billionaires were in the ranking and the total wealth was $9.1 trillion, up 18% since 2017. For the first time, Jeff Bezos was listed as the top billionaire due to Amazon's rising stock price that resulted in one person's biggest one year gain in wealth ($35 billion) since Forbes started tracking in 1987.[2] The U.S. continued to have the most billionaires in the world, with a record of 585, while China is catching up with 476 (when including Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan).[2]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)
(March 2018)[14]

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Jeff Bezos
$112 billion
54
 United States
Amazon

7000200000000000000♠2
Bill Gates
$90 billion
62
 United States
Microsoft

7000300000000000000♠3
Warren Buffett
$84 billion
87
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000400000000000000♠4
Bernard Arnault
$72 billion
69
 France
LVMH

7000500000000000000♠5
Mark Zuckerberg
$71 billion
33
 United States
Facebook

7000600000000000000♠6
Amancio Ortega
$70 billion
81
 Spain
Inditex, Zara

7000700000000000000♠7
Carlos Slim
$67.1 billion
78
 Mexico
América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000800000000000000♠8
Charles Koch
$60 billion
82
 United States
Koch Industries

7000800000000000000♠8
David Koch
$60 billion
77
 United States
Koch Industries

7001100000000000000♠10
Larry Ellison
$58.5 billion
73
 United States
Oracle Corporation

text: On the 30th anniversary of the Forbes' list of the world's billionaires, for the fourth year in a row, Bill Gates was named the richest man in the world.[5] In 2017, there was a record of 2,043 people on the list, which is the first time over 2,000 people were listed, that included 195 newcomers of whom 76 were from China and 25 from the U.S.; there were 56 people under 40 and it had a record of 227 women.[15] The number of billionaires increased 13% to 2,043 from 1,810 in 2016; this is the biggest change in over 30 years of tracking billionaires globally.[5] Added together, the total net worth for 2017's billionaires was US$7.67 trillion, up from US$7.1 trillion in 2015.[5][6] This is the first time after 12 years that Carlos Slim was not within the top five. The U.S. had the most billionaires in the world, with a record of 565. China had 319 (not including Hong Kong or Macau), Germany had 114, and India had the fourth most with 101; India had reached over 100 billionaires for its first time.

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$86.0 billion
61
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$75.6 billion
86
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Jeff Bezos
$72.8 billion
53
 United States
Amazon

7000400000000000000♠4
Amancio Ortega
$71.3 billion
80
 Spain
Inditex, Zara

7000500000000000000♠5
Mark Zuckerberg
$56.0 billion
32
 United States
Facebook

7000600000000000000♠6
Carlos Slim
$54.5 billion
77
 Mexico
América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000700000000000000♠7
Larry Ellison
$52.2 billion
72
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000800000000000000♠8
Charles Koch
$48.3 billion
81
 United States
Koch Industries

7000800000000000000♠8
David Koch
$48.3 billion
76
 United States
Koch Industries

7001100000000000000♠10
Michael Bloomberg
$47.5 billion
75
 United States
Bloomberg L.P.

text: For the third year in a row, Bill Gates was named the richest man in the world by Forbes's 2016 list of the world's billionaires.[16] This is the 17th time that the founder of Microsoft has claimed the top spot. Amancio Ortega rose from last year's position of number four to second.[17] Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway came in third for the second consecutive time,[18] while Mexican telecommunication mogul Carlos Slim slipped down from last year's second position to fourth. Jeff Bezos of Amazon,[19] Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook[20] and Michael Bloomberg of Bloomberg L.P.,[21] appear for the first time on the Forbes top 10 billionaires list, coming at fifth, sixth and eighth position, respectively. Zuckerberg became the youngest top 10 billionaire this year at the age of 31. Larry Ellison, Charles Koch and David Koch also slipped down from their last year's positions, with Ellison dropping to seventh from fifth and the Kochs falling to ninth position from sixth, respectively.

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$75.0 billion
60
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Amancio Ortega
$67.0 billion
79
 Spain
Inditex

7000300000000000000♠3
Warren Buffett
$60.8 billion
85
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000400000000000000♠4
Carlos Slim
$50.0 billion
76
 Mexico
América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000500000000000000♠5
Jeff Bezos
$45.2 billion
52
 United States
Amazon

7000600000000000000♠6
Mark Zuckerberg
$44.6 billion
31
 United States
Facebook

7000700000000000000♠7
Larry Ellison
$43.6 billion
71
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000800000000000000♠8
Michael Bloomberg
$40.0 billion
74
 United States
Bloomberg L.P.

7000900000000000000♠9
Charles Koch
$39.6 billion
80
 United States
Koch Industries

7000900000000000000♠9
David Koch
$39.6 billion
75
 United States
Koch Industries

text: In the 29th annual Forbes list of global billionaires, a record 1,826 billionaires were named with an aggregated net worth of $7.1 trillion compared to $6.4 trillion last year. 46 of the billionaires in this list are under the age of 40. A record number of 290 people joined the list for the first time, of whom 25 percent hail from China, which produced a world-leading 71 newcomers. The United States came in second, with 57, followed by India, with 28, and Germany, with 23.[22] The United States has the largest number of billionaires with 526. Russia went down to 88 from 111 in 2014. Russia was placed behind China, Germany and India by the number of billionaires. Self-made billionaires made up the largest number of people on the list with 1,191 positions (over 65 percent) while just 230 (under 13 percent) have wealth through inheritance. The number of billionaires who inherited a portion but are still working to increase their fortunes is 405.[23]

text: Bill Gates was named the richest man in the world by Forbes's annual list of the world's billionaires. This was the 16th time that the founder of Microsoft claimed the top spot. Carlos Slim came in second for the second consecutive time. Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway was placed third, while Amancio Ortega of Spain, slipped down a position from last year to number four. Larry Ellison, the founder of Oracle rounded off the top five. Christy Walton was the highest-ranking female at number eight. America's Evan Spiegel, co-founder of photo messaging app Snapchat became the youngest billionaire this year at the age of 24. At age 99, David Rockefeller maintained his position as the oldest billionaire to be included in the list.[24] Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, rose to number 16 with $33.4 billion. Iceland had a billionaire, Thor Bjorgolfsson, in the list after a gap of five years. Guatemala had a billionaire, Mario Lopez Estrada, for the first time in its history.[25]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$79.2 billion
59
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Carlos Slim
$77.1 billion
75
 Mexico
América Móvil, Telmex, Grupo Carso

7000300000000000000♠3
Warren Buffett
$72.7 billion
84
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000400000000000000♠4
Amancio Ortega
$64.5 billion
78
 Spain
Inditex

7000500000000000000♠5
Larry Ellison
$54.3 billion
70
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000600000000000000♠6
Charles Koch
$42.9 billion
79
 United States
Koch Industries

7000600000000000000♠6
David Koch
$42.9 billion
74
 United States
Koch Industries

7000800000000000000♠8
Christy Walton
$41.7 billion
66
 United States
Walmart

7000900000000000000♠9
Jim Walton
$40.6 billion
66
 United States
Walmart

7001100000000000000♠10
Liliane Bettencourt
$40.1 billion
92
 France
L'Oreal

text: Gates added $9 billion to his fortune since 2013 and topped the Forbes 2014 billionaire list. He has topped the list 15 of the previous 20 years, but his previous number one ranking was in 2009.[26] Mexican telecommunication mogul Carlos Slim came in second place after being number one the previous four years. Zara founder Amancio Ortega placed third for the second consecutive year. American investor Warren Buffett was in the top five for the 20th consecutive year, placing fourth.[27] America's Christy Walton was the highest ranking woman, placing ninth overall.[1] Aliko Dangote of Nigeria became the first African ever to enter the top 25, with an estimated net worth of $25 billion.[3]

text: A total of 1,645 people made the 2014 billionaire list, representing combined wealth of $6.4 trillion.[27] Of those, a record 268 were newcomers, surpassing 2008's 226 newcomers.[1] One hundred people listed in 2013 failed to make the list.[27] The number of women on the list rose to a record 172 in 2014.[1] Approximately 66 percent of the list was self-made, 13 percent achieved their wealth through inheritance alone, and 21 percent through a mixture of the two.[3]

text: The United States had 492 billionaires on the list, the most of any country.[27] The country also had the most newcomers with 50, and women with 54.[1] China had the second most billionaires with 152, while Russia was third with 111.[27] Algeria, Lithuania, Tanzania, and Uganda were all represented on the list for the first time. Turkey saw the most people drop off the list, 19, due to a period of high inflation in the country.[3]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$76.0 billion
58
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Carlos Slim & family
$72.0 billion
74
 Mexico
Telmex, América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000300000000000000♠3
Amancio Ortega
$64.0 billion
77
 Spain
Inditex

7000400000000000000♠4
Warren Buffett
$58.2 billion
83
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000500000000000000♠5
Larry Ellison
$48.0 billion
70
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000600000000000000♠6
Charles Koch
$40.0 billion
78
 United States
Koch Industries

7000600000000000000♠6
David Koch
$40.0 billion
73
 United States
Koch Industries

7000800000000000000♠8
Sheldon Adelson
$38.0 billion
80
 United States
Las Vegas Sands

7000900000000000000♠9
Christy Walton & family
$36.7 billion
65
 United States
Walmart

7001100000000000000♠10
Jim Walton
$34.7 billion
65
 United States
Walmart

text: Carlos Slim topped the 2013 billionaire list, marking his fourth consecutive year at the top. Gates remained in second, while Amancio Ortega moved up to third. Ortega's gain of $19.5 billion was the largest of anyone on the list.[28] Warren Buffett failed to make the top three for the first time since 2000, placing fourth. Diesel founder Renzo Rosso was among the top newcomers, debuting with an estimate net worth of $3 billion.[29]

text: A global rise in asset prices, led Forbes editor Randall Lane to declare "It [was] a very good year to be a billionaire". However, it was not a good year to be Eike Batista who fell from seventh to 100th, suffering the largest net loss of anyone on the list.[28] Overall, net gainers outnumbered net losers by 4:1.[29]

text: A record total of 1,426 people made the 2013 list, representing $5.4 trillion of assets.[30] Of those, 442 billionaires hailed from the United States.[28] The Asian-Pacific region had 386 billionaires and Europe 366. The list also featured a record number of newcomers, 210, representing 42 countries. Sixty people from the 2012 list fell below a billion dollar of assets in 2013 and eight others from the 2012 list died. The Asia-Pacific region had the most drop-offs, with 29, followed by the United States with 16. The 2013 list featured 138 women, of which 50 came from the United States. A majority of the list (961 individuals, 67 percent) was entirely self-made; 184 (13 percent) inherited their wealth, and 281 (20 percent) achieved their fortune through a combination of inheritance and business acumen.[30] Vietnam's Phạm Nhật Vượng was the first person from that country to be included in this list.

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Carlos Slim & family
$73.0 billion
73
 Mexico
Telmex, América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000200000000000000♠2
Bill Gates
$67.0 billion
57
 United States
Microsoft

7000300000000000000♠3
Amancio Ortega
$57.0 billion
76
 Spain
Inditex Group

7000400000000000000♠4
Warren Buffett
$53.5 billion
82
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000500000000000000♠5
Larry Ellison
$43.0 billion
68
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000600000000000000♠6
Charles Koch
$34.0 billion
77
 United States
Koch Industries

7000600000000000000♠6
David Koch
$34.0 billion
72
 United States
Koch Industries

7000800000000000000♠8
Li Ka-shing
$31.0 billion
84
 Hong Kong
Cheung Kong Holdings

7000900000000000000♠9
Liliane Bettencourt & family
$30.0 billion
90
 France
L'Oréal

7001100000000000000♠10
Bernard Arnault
$29.0 billion
63
 France
LVMH

text: Carlos Slim topped the 2012 list, marking this third consecutive year at the top. Gates placed second, but narrowed the gap from 2011 as Slim's fortune fell $5 billion while Gates' rose $5 billion. Warren Buffett remained in third place. Bernard Arnault of France was the top-ranking European on the list, placing fourth.[31] Ricardo Salinas Pliego was the greatest gainer in terms of dollars, adding $9.2 billion to his fortune and moving up to number 37 overall.[31] Making her debut on the list at age 27, Spanx founder Sara Blakely became the youngest self-made female billionaire ever.[32] Colombia's Alejandro Santo Domingo was the highest-ranked newcomer, inheriting a $9.5 billion stake in Santo Domingo Group from his father.[31] India's Lakshmi Mittal was the largest loser as his fortune dropped from $31.1 billion to $20.7 billion as the price of steel maker ArcelorMittal fell sharply.[31] As a result, he failed to make the top 10 for the first time since 2004 and lost his title of richest Asian to Hong Kong’s Li Ka-shing.[33]

text: A record total of 1,226 people made the 2012 list, representing 58 countries. Of those, 126 were newcomers to the list and 104 were women. The United States had the greatest number of billionaires with 425. Russia had 96 people on the list, while China had 95.[31] Georgia, Morocco, and Peru were newly represented on the list. Falling stock prices in Asia contributed to 117 former billionaires falling from the list worldwide. Twelve others listed in 2011 died. Overall, net gainers (460) barely outnumbered net losers (441).[33]

text: To coincide with the release of the 2012 list, Forbes announced a new "Billionaire Real-Time Ticker" updating the wealth of the world's top fifty billionaires in real time.[31]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Carlos Slim & family
$69.0 billion
72
 Mexico
Telmex, América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000200000000000000♠2
Bill Gates
$61.0 billion
56
 United States
Microsoft

7000300000000000000♠3
Warren Buffett
$44.0 billion
81
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000400000000000000♠4
Bernard Arnault
$41.0 billion
63
 France
LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton

7000500000000000000♠5
Amancio Ortega
$37.5 billion
75
 Spain
Inditex Group

7000600000000000000♠6
Larry Ellison
$36.0 billion
67
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000700000000000000♠7
Eike Batista
$30.0 billion
55
 Brazil
EBX Group

7000800000000000000♠8
Stefan Persson
$26.0 billion
64
 Sweden
H&M

7000900000000000000♠9
Li Ka-shing
$25.5 billion
83
 Hong Kong
Cheung Kong Holdings

7001100000000000000♠10
Karl Albrecht
$25.4 billion
92
 Germany
Aldi

text: In the 25th annual Forbes list of global billionaires, Slim added $20.5 billion to his fortune, the most of anyone, and retained his number one ranking with a total fortune of $74 billion. Gates remained in second place with $56 billion, while Warren Buffett was third with $50 billion. The top 10 had a combined wealth of $406 billion, up from $342 billion in 2010.[34] According to Forbes editor Kerry Dolan, "media and technology billionaires definitely benefited from a stronger stock market and a growing enthusiasm for all things social" since the 2010 list.[35] However, Nigerian commodity mogul Aliko Dangote was the greatest gainer on a percentage basis as his fortune increased 557 percent to $13.5 billion. Mark Zuckerberg was one of seven Facebook-related billionaires on the list, as he $9.5 billion to his fortune to move up to 52nd. Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz was the youngest person on the list. Aged 26, eight days younger than Zuckerberg, he debuted at number 420 with an estimated fortune of $2.7 billion. IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad was the largest loser as he saw his fortune plummet from $23 billion to $6 billion, dropping him from 11th to 162nd overall.[34]

text: A record 1,210 billionaires made the 2011 list, representing a combined wealth of $4.5 trillion, up from $3.6 trillion the previous year.[36] One third of the world's billionaires, 413, came from the United States. China had the second most billionaires with 115, while Russia was third with 101. Asia moved up to 332 billionaires, passing Europe as a region for the first time since the 1990s.[34] The 2011 list included 214 newcomers and the average net worth of those on it increased to $3.7 billion.[35]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Carlos Slim & family
$74.0 billion
71
 Mexico
Telmex, América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000200000000000000♠2
Bill Gates
$56.0 billion
55
 United States
Microsoft

7000300000000000000♠3
Warren Buffett
$50.0 billion
80
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000400000000000000♠4
Bernard Arnault
$41.0 billion
62
 France
LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton

7000500000000000000♠5
Larry Ellison
$39.5 billion
66
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000600000000000000♠6
Lakshmi Mittal
$31.1 billion
60
 India
Arcelor Mittal

7000700000000000000♠7
Amancio Ortega
$31.0 billion
74
 Spain
Inditex Group

7000800000000000000♠8
Eike Batista
$30.0 billion
53
 Brazil
EBX Group

7000900000000000000♠9
Mukesh Ambani
$27.0 billion
54
 India
Reliance Industries

7001100000000000000♠10
Christy Walton & family
$26.5 billion
62
 United States
Walmart

text: Slim narrowly eclipsed Gates to top the billionaire list for the first time. Slim saw his estimated worth surge $18.5 billion to $53.5 billion as shares of America Movil rose 35 percent. Gates' estimated wealth rose $13 billion to $53 billion, placing him second. Warren Buffett was third with $47 billion.[37] Christy Walton was the highest-ranking woman, placing 12th overall, with an inherited fortune of $22.5 billion.[38] At age 25, Mark Zuckerberg continued to be the world's youngest self-made billionaire.[12] American Isaac Perlmutter was among the newcomers with an estimated fortune of $4 billion largely acquired in his sale of Marvel Entertainment to Disney.[37]

text: A total of 1,011 people made the 2010 list. The United States accounted for 403 billionaires, followed by China with 89 and Russia with 62.[38] It was the first time China, while including Hong Kong, placed second.[37] A total of 55 countries were represented on the 2010 list, including Finland and Pakistan which claimed their first billionaires.[38] Eighty-nine women made the list, but only 14 of them were self-made.[38] The combined net worth of the list was $3.6 trillion, up 50 percent from 2009's $2.4 trillion, while the average net worth was $3.5 billion.[12]

text: The 2010 list featured 164 re-entries and 97 true newcomers.[12] Asia accounted for more than 100 of the new entrants. Overall, just 12 percent of the list lost wealth since 2009, and 30 people fell off the list. Thirteen others died.[37] Of the 89 women, 12 were newcomers in 2010. Steve Forbes said the growing number of billionaires was clear sign that the world's economy was recovering from 2009's global financial crisis.[12]

text: In June 2010, Gates and Buffett announce the Giving Pledge that is a promise to give the majority of their wealth to philanthropy. As of 2017, the pledge has 158 signatories, but some of the signatories have since died. Most of the signers of the pledge are billionaires, and their pledges total to over $365 billion.[39]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Carlos Slim & family
$53.5 billion
70
 Mexico
Telmex, América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000200000000000000♠2
Bill Gates
$53.0 billion
54
 United States
Microsoft

7000300000000000000♠3
Warren Buffett
$47.0 billion
79
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000400000000000000♠4
Mukesh Ambani
$29.0 billion
53
 India
Reliance Industries

7000500000000000000♠5
Lakshmi Mittal
$28.7 billion
60
 India
Arcelor Mittal

7000600000000000000♠6
Larry Ellison
$28.0 billion
66
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000700000000000000♠7
Bernard Arnault
$27.5 billion
61
 France
LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton

7000800000000000000♠8
Eike Batista
$27.0 billion
53
 Brazil
EBX Group

7000900000000000000♠9
Amancio Ortega
$25.0 billion
74
 Spain
Inditex Group

7001100000000000000♠10
Karl Albrecht
$23.5 billion
90
 Germany
Aldi Süd

text: In the wake of the Financial crisis of 2007–2008, the world's billionaires lose $2 trillion in net worth and the list becomes 30% smaller than the previous year's list.[40]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$40.0 billion
53
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$37.0 billion
78
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Carlos Slim
$35.0 billion
69
 Mexico
Telmex, América Móvil

7000400000000000000♠4
Larry Ellison
$22.5 billion
64
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000500000000000000♠5
Ingvar Kamprad
$22.0 billion
83
 Sweden
IKEA

7000600000000000000♠6
Karl Albrecht
$21.5 billion
89
 Germany
Aldi Süd

7000700000000000000♠7
Mukesh Ambani
$19.5 billion
52
 India
Reliance Industries

7000800000000000000♠8
Lakshmi Mittal
$19.3 billion
58
 India
Arcelor Mittal

7000900000000000000♠9
Theo Albrecht
$18.8 billion
87
 Germany
Aldi Nord, Trader Joe's

7001100000000000000♠10
Amancio Ortega
$18.3 billion
73
 Spain
Inditex Group

text: Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, four years after starting the company, joins the list at 23 to become the youngest self-made billionaire.

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Warren  Buffett
$62.0 billion
77
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000200000000000000♠2
Carlos Slim
$60.0 billion
68
 Mexico
Telmex, América Móvil

7000300000000000000♠3
Bill Gates
$58.0 billion
52
 United States
Microsoft

7000400000000000000♠4
Lakshmi Mittal
$45.0 billion
57
 India
Arcelor Mittal

7000500000000000000♠5
Mukesh Ambani
$43.0 billion
51
 India
Reliance Industries

7000600000000000000♠6
Anil Ambani
$42.0 billion
48
 India
Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group

7000700000000000000♠7
Ingvar Kamprad
$31.0 billion
81
 Sweden
IKEA

7000800000000000000♠8
Kushal Pal Singh
$30.0 billion
76
 India
DLF Group

7000900000000000000♠9
Oleg Deripaska
$28.0 billion
40
 Russia
Rusal

7001100000000000000♠10
 Karl   Albrecht
$27.0 billion
88
 Germany
Aldi Süd

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$56.0 billion
51
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$52.0 billion
76
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Carlos Slim
$49.0 billion
67
 Mexico
Telmex, América Móvil, Grupo Carso

7000400000000000000♠4
Ingvar Kamprad
$33.0 billion
80
 Sweden
IKEA

7000500000000000000♠5
Lakshmi Mittal
$32.0 billion
56
 India
Arcelor Mittal

7000600000000000000♠6
Sheldon Adelson
$26.5 billion
73
 United States
Las Vegas Sands

7000700000000000000♠7
Bernard Arnault
$26.0 billion
58
 France
LVMH

7000800000000000000♠8
Amancio Ortega
$24.0 billion
71
 Spain
Inditex Group

7000900000000000000♠9
Li Ka-shing
$23.0 billion
78
 Hong Kong
Cheung Kong Holdings, Hutchison Whampoa

7001100000000000000♠10
David Thomson
$22.0 billion
49
 Canada
Thomson Corporation

text: Free cash used by consumers from home equity extraction, known as the real estate bubble created a total of nearly $5 trillion in 2005, contributing to economic growth worldwide.[41]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$52.0 billion
50
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$42.0 billion
75
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Carlos Slim
$30.0 billion
66
 Mexico
Telmex

7000400000000000000♠4
Ingvar Kamprad
$28.0 billion
79
 Sweden
IKEA

7000500000000000000♠5
Lakshmi Mittal
$23.5 billion
55
 India
Mittal Steel Company

7000600000000000000♠6
Paul Allen
$22.0 billion
53
 United States
Microsoft

7000700000000000000♠7
Bernard Arnault
$21.5 billion
57
 France
LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton

7000800000000000000♠8
Prince Al-Waleed
$20.0 billion
49
 Saudi Arabia
Kingdom Holding Company

7000900000000000000♠9
Kenneth Thomson
$19.6 billion
82
 Canada
The Thomson Corporation

7001100000000000000♠10
Li Ka Shing
$18.8 billion
77
 Hong Kong Canada
Cheung Kong Group, Hutchison Whampoa

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$46.5 billion
49
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$44.0 billion
74
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Lakshmi Mittal
$25.0 billion
54
 India
Mittal Steel Company

7000400000000000000♠4
Carlos Slim
$23.8 billion
65
 Mexico
Telmex

7000500000000000000♠5
Prince Al-Waleed
$23.7 billion
49
 Saudi Arabia
Kingdom Holding Company

7000600000000000000♠6
Ingvar Kamprad
$23.0 billion
79
 Sweden
IKEA

7000700000000000000♠7
Paul Allen
$21.0 billion
52
 United States
Microsoft

7000800000000000000♠8
Karl Albrecht
$18.5 billion
85
 Germany
Aldi Süd

7000900000000000000♠9
Larry Ellison
$18.4 billion
60
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7001100000000000000♠10
S. Robson Walton
$18.3 billion
61
 United States
Walmart

text: The founders of Google, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, become billionaires at age 30.

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$46.6 billion
48
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$42.9 billion
73
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Karl Albrecht
$23.0 billion
84
 Germany
Aldi Süd

7000400000000000000♠4
Prince Al-Waleed
$21.5 billion
47
 Saudi Arabia
Kingdom Holding Company

7000500000000000000♠5
Paul Allen
$21.0 billion
51
 United States
Microsoft

7000600000000000000♠6
Alice Walton*
$20.0 billion
55
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000600000000000000♠6
Helen Walton*
$20.0 billion
84
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000600000000000000♠6
Jim Walton*
$20.0 billion
56
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000600000000000000♠6
John Walton*
$20.0 billion
58
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000600000000000000♠6
S. Robson Walton*
$20.0 billion
60
 United States
Wal-Mart

text: Each hold an essentially equal share in Walmart.

tag: ul

text: Oprah Winfrey becomes the first female African-American billionaire.

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$40.7 billion
47
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$30.5 billion
72
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Karl and Theo Albrecht
$25.6 billion
83
 Germany
Aldi Süd

7000400000000000000♠4
Paul Allen
$20.1 billion
50
 United States
Microsoft

7000500000000000000♠5
Prince Al-Waleed
$17.7 billion
46
 Saudi Arabia
Kingdom Holding Company

7000600000000000000♠6
Larry Ellison
$16.6 billion
58
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000700000000000000♠7
Alice Walton*
$16.5 billion
54
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000700000000000000♠7
Helen Walton*
$16.5 billion
83
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000700000000000000♠7
Jim Walton*
$16.5 billion
55
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000700000000000000♠7
John Walton*
$16.5 billion
57
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000700000000000000♠7
S. Robson Walton*
$16.5 billion
59
 United States
Wal-Mart

text: As a result of the market crash caused by the Dot-com bubble, 83 billionaires drop off the list from the previous year.

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$52.8 billion
46
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$35.0 billion
71
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Karl and Theo Albrecht
$26.8 billion
82
 Germany
Aldi Süd

7000400000000000000♠4
Paul Allen
$25.2 billion
49
 United States
Microsoft

7000500000000000000♠5
Larry Ellison
$23.5 billion
57
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000600000000000000♠6
Jim Walton*
$20.8 billion
54
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000700000000000000♠7
John Walton*
$20.7 billion
56
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000800000000000000♠8
Alice Walton*
$20.5 billion
53
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000800000000000000♠8
S. Robson Walton*
$20.5 billion
58
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000800000000000000♠8
Helen Walton*
$20.5 billion
82
 United States
Wal-Mart

text: In 2001, BET founder Robert L. Johnson became the first ever African-American billionaire.[42]

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$58.7 billion
45
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Warren Buffett
$32.3 billion
70
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000300000000000000♠3
Paul Allen
$30.4 billion
48
 United States
Microsoft

7000400000000000000♠4
Larry Ellison
$26.0 billion
56
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000500000000000000♠5
Karl and Theo Albrecht
$25.0 billion
81
 Germany
Aldi

7000600000000000000♠6
Prince Al-Waleed
$20.0 billion
44
 Saudi Arabia
Kingdom Holding Company

7000700000000000000♠7
Jim Walton*
$18.8 billion
53
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000800000000000000♠8
John Walton*
$18.7 billion
55
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000900000000000000♠9
S. Robson Walton*
$18.6 billion
57
 United States
Wal-Mart

7001100000000000000♠10
Alice Walton*
$18.5 billion
52
 United States
Wal-Mart

7001100000000000000♠10
Helen Walton*
$18.5 billion
81
 United States
Wal-Mart

text: Each hold an essentially equal share in Wal-Mart. Had he been alive in 2001, Sam Walton would have been the world's wealthiest person.

text: Gates became the first American to take the top spot of the World's Billionaires in 1995 with a net worth of $12.5 billion and he remained there during the Dot-com bubble's height in 1999 when Gates' fortune peaked at $90 billion. After the dot-com bubble started to collapse in 2000, his wealth dropped to $60 billion although he remained at the top of the list.

text:
No.

Name

Net worth (USD)

Age

Nationality

Source(s) of wealth

7000100000000000000♠1
Bill Gates
$60.0 billion
44
 United States
Microsoft

7000200000000000000♠2
Larry Ellison
$47.0 billion
55
 United States
Oracle Corporation

7000300000000000000♠3
Paul Allen
$28.0 billion
47
 United States
Microsoft

7000400000000000000♠4
Warren Buffett
$25.6 billion
69
 United States
Berkshire Hathaway

7000500000000000000♠5
Karl and Theo Albrecht
$20.0 billion
80
 Germany
Aldi Süd

7000600000000000000♠6
Prince Al-Waleed
$20.0 billion
43
 Saudi Arabia
Kingdom Holding Company

7000700000000000000♠7
S. Robson Walton
$20.0 billion
57
 United States
Wal-Mart

7000800000000000000♠8
Masayoshi Son
$19.4 billion
43
 Japan
Softbank Capital, SoftBank Mobile

7000900000000000000♠9
Michael Dell
$19.1 billion
35
 United States
Dell

7001100000000000000♠10
Kenneth Thomson
$16.1 billion
77
 Canada
The Thomson Corporation

text: Statistics

text: The dot-com bubble created the most paper wealth for some billionaires. However, once the dotcom bubble burst the new rich saw their fortunes disappear.[43] Billionaires' fortunes were hit even harder by the global financial crisis; 2009 was the first time in five years that the world had a net loss in the number of billionaires.[44] The strong performance of the financial markets and global economic recovery have erased financial assets losses. Most of the richest people in the world have seen their fortunes soar in the early 2010s.[45][46]

text:
Number and combined net worth of billionaires by year[47]

Year

Number of billionaires

Group's combined net worth

2018

2,208

$9.1 trillion

2017

2,043

$7.7 trillion

2016

1,810

$6.5 trillion

2015[6]

1,826

$7.1 trillion

2014[48]

1,645

$6.4 trillion

2013[49]

1,426

$5.4 trillion

2012

1,226

$4.6 trillion

2011

1,210

$4.5 trillion

2010

1,011

$3.6 trillion

2009

793

$2.4 trillion

2008

1,125

$4.4 trillion

2007

946

$3.5 trillion

2006

793

$2.6 trillion

2005

691

$2.2 trillion

2004

587

$1.9 trillion

2003

476

$1.4 trillion

2002

497

$1.5 trillion

2001

538

$1.8 trillion

2000

470

$898 billion

text: Source: Forbes.[6][48][47][49]


document_title: SOAP note

question_text: where do medications go in a soap note

question_tokens: where do medications go in a soap note

text: SOAP note

text: Components[edit]

text: The four components of a SOAP note are Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan. The length and focus of each component of a SOAP note vary depending on the specialty; for instance, a surgical SOAP note is likely to be much briefer than a medical SOAP note, and will focus on issues that relate to post-surgical status.

tag: p

text: Subjective component[edit]

text: Initially the patient's Chief Complaint, or CC. This is a very brief statement of the patient (quoted) as to the purpose of the office visit or hospitalization.

text: If this is the first time a physician is seeing a patient, the physician will take a History of Present Illness, or HPI. This describes the patient's current condition in narrative form. The history or state of experienced symptoms are recorded in the patient's own words. All information pertaining to subjective information is communicated to the healthcare provider by the patient or his/her representative. It will include all pertinent and negative symptoms under review of body systems. Pertinent medical history, surgical history, family history, and social history, along with current medications, smoking status, drug/alcohol/caffeine use, level of physical activity and allergies, are also recorded. A SAMPLE history is one method of obtaining this information from a patient.

text: Subsequent visits for the same problem briefly summarize the History of Present Illness (HPI), including pertinent testing + results, referrals, treatments, outcomes and followups.

text: The mnemonic below refers to the information a physician should elicit before referring to the patient's "old charts" or "old carts".[2]

text:
Onset
Location
Duration
CHaracter (sharp, dull, etc.)
Alleviating/Aggravating factors
Radiation
Temporal pattern (every morning, all day, etc.)
Severity

text: Variants on this mnemonic (more than one could be listed here) include OPQRST and LOCQSMAT

text:
Location
Onset (when and mechanism of injury - if applicable)
Chronology (better or worse since onset, episodic, variable, constant, etc.)
Quality (sharp, dull, etc.)
Severity (usually a pain rating)
Modifying factors (what aggravates/reduces the symptoms - activities, postures, drugs, etc.)
Additional symptoms (un/related or significant symptoms to the chief complaint)
Treatment (has the patient seen another provider for this symptom?)

text: Objective component[edit]

text: The objective section of the SOAP includes information that the healthcare provider observes or measures from the patient's current presentation. The objective component includes:

text:
Vital signs and measurements, such as weight.
Findings from physical examinations, including basic systems of cardiac and respiratory, the affected systems, possible involvement of other systems, pertinent normal findings and abnormalities.
Results from laboratory and other diagnostic tests already completed.

text: Assessment[edit]

text: A medical diagnosis for the purpose of the medical visit on the given date of the note written is a quick summary of the patient with main symptoms/diagnosis including a differential diagnosis, a list of other possible diagnoses usually in order of most likely to least likely. The assessment will also include possible and likely etiologies of the patient's problem. It is the patient's progress since the last visit, and overall progress towards the patient's goal from the physician's perspective. In a pharmacist's SOAP note, the assessment will identify what the drug related/induced problem is likely to be and the reasoning/evidence behind it. This will include etiology and risk factors, assessments of the need for therapy, current therapy, and therapy options. When used in a Problem Oriented Medical Record, relevant problem numbers or headings are included as subheadings in the assessment.

text: Plan[edit]

text: The plan is what the health care provider will do to treat the patient's concerns - such as ordering further labs, radiological work up, referrals given, procedures performed, medications given and education provided. The plan will also include goals of therapy and patient-specific drug and disease-state monitoring parameters. This should address each item of the differential diagnosis. For patients who have multiple health problems that are addressed in the SOAP note, a plan is developed for each problem and is numbered accordingly based on severity and urgency for therapy. A note of what was discussed or advised with the patient as well as timings for further review or follow-up are generally included.

text: Often the Assessment and Plan sections are grouped together.

text: An example[edit]

text: A very rough example follows for a patient being reviewed following an appendectomy. This example resembles a surgical SOAP note; medical notes tend to be more detailed, especially in the subjective and objective sections.

text:
Surgery Service, Dr. Jones

S:
No further Chest Pain or Shortness of Breath. "Feeling better today." Patient reports headache.

O:
Afebrile, P 84, R 16, BP 130/82. No acute distress.

Neck no JVD, Lungs clear

Cor RRR

Abd Bowel sounds present, mild RLQ tenderness, less than yesterday. Wounds look clean.

Ext without edema

A:
Patient is a 37-year-old man on post-operative day 2 for laparoscopic appendectomy. Recovering well.

P:
Advance diet. Continue to monitor labs. Follow-up with Cardiology within three days of discharge for stress testing as an out-patient. Prepare for discharge home tomorrow morning.


document_title: Matthew 4:4

question_text: who said man cannot live by bread alone

question_tokens: who said man can not live by bread alone

text: Matthew 4:4

text: Matthew 4:4 is the fourth verse of the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. Jesus, who has been fasting in the desert, has just been encouraged by Satan to make bread from stones to relieve his hunger, in this verse he rejects this idea.

text: In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:

text: The World English Bible translates the passage as:

text: For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 4:4

text: Jesus rebuts Satan's advances by quoting scripture. The verse in question is from Deuteronomy 8:3. In its original context the verse is describing how while wandering through the wilderness in Exodus the Israelites lacked food. Despite God's promises they complained and worried about their hunger, but in the end God provided manna to feed them all. This same reply is also quoted in Luke 4:4, though in Luke it is somewhat abbreviated not containing "but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God." The quote uses the exact wording of the Septuagint, but Hill notes that it is not an exact translation of the original Hebrew which has "everything" rather than "every word."[1] Gundry feels the author of Matthew added this section to emphasize Jesus' obedience to God.[2] Jones states that by replying with nothing but quotes from scripture Jesus illustrates his "perfect detachment from everything except God's will."[3]

text: Jesus rejects Satan's idea, and uses nothing but a word of scripture as his argument. France notes that God's word would not literally make up for not having any food. Instead it is a question of priority. If God instructed Jesus to fast in the desert, then it is that word that must be followed and it takes priority over any feelings such as hunger.[4]

text: There are a number of explanations for why Satan attempted to have Jesus turn stones into bread and why it was important that Jesus refuse. The act of using God's powers to create bread is not in itself wrong, as demonstrated in Matthew 14 and 15 where Jesus actually does perform this miracle. In the Middle Ages it became common to argue that Satan was simply tempting Christ into gluttony. Most modern scholars do not accept this view. France notes that tempt should better be translated as test that Satan was testing Jesus' understanding of his role rather than luring him into evil.[5] Jones notes that calling someone who has fasted for forty days gluttonous because they want food is not very fair. Most modern scholars thus reject the sin explanation.[6] Another view that was popular for a time was that this represented Jesus rejecting the role of the "economic messiah," that in this verse he demonstrates that it is not his role to feed the hungry of the world, but rather to provide spiritual sustenance. The most popular view today is that this passage echoes the history of Israel. The quote itself comes from the part of the Old Testament describing the period after the Exodus when the Israelites were wandering hungry in the wilderness and complaining about their hunger. This verse is seen to demonstrate that Jesus does not make the same mistake they did and accepts that God will ensure his safety.

text: The phrase "man shall not live by bread alone" is today a common expression meaning that people need more than material things to truly live. However, it is also sometimes used in almost the opposite sense to justify materials luxuries beyond simple things like bread. Fortna notes that the word usually translated as man would more accurately be replaced by human beings as in the original Greek it is gender neutral.[7]


document_title: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

question_text: school master in 1820 story the legend of sleepy hollow

text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

text: Plot[edit]

text: From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by name of Sleepy Hollow ... A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere.

text: The story is set in 1790 in the countryside around the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town (historical Tarrytown, New York), in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. Sleepy Hollow is renowned for its ghosts and the haunting atmosphere that pervades the imaginations of its inhabitants and visitors. Some residents say this town was bewitched during the early days of the Dutch settlement. Other residents say an old Native American chief, the wizard of his tribe, held his powwows here before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson. The most infamous spectre in the Hollow is the Headless Horseman, said to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper that had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head".

text: The "Legend" relates the tale of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer, Baltus Van Tassel. Ichabod Crane, a Yankee and an outsider, sees marriage to Katrina as a means of procuring Van Tassel's extravagant wealth. Bones, the local hero, vies with Ichabod for Katrina's hand, playing a series of pranks on the jittery schoolmaster, and the fate of Sleepy Hollow's fortune weighs in the balance for some time. The tension among the three is soon brought to a head. On a placid autumn night, the ambitious Crane attends a harvest party at the Van Tassels' homestead. He dances, partakes in the feast, and listens to ghostly legends told by Brom and the locals, but his true aim is to propose to Katrina after the guests leave. His intentions, however, are ill-fated.

text: After having failed to secure Katrina's hand, Ichabod rides home "heavy-hearted and crestfallen" through the woods between Van Tassel's farmstead and the Sleepy Hollow settlement. As he passes several purportedly haunted spots, his active imagination is engorged by the ghost stories told at Baltus' harvest party. After nervously passing under a lightning-stricken tulip tree purportedly haunted by the ghost of British spy Major André, Ichabod encounters a cloaked rider at an intersection in a menacing swamp. Unsettled by his fellow traveler's eerie size and silence, the teacher is horrified to discover that his companion's head is not on his shoulders, but on his saddle. In a frenzied race to the bridge adjacent to the Old Dutch Burying Ground, where the Hessian is said to "vanish, according to rule, in a flash of fire and brimstone" upon crossing it, Ichabod rides for his life, desperately goading his temperamental plow horse down the Hollow. However, to Crane's horror, the ghoul clambers over the bridge, rears his horse, and hurls his severed head into Ichabod's terrified face.

text: The next morning, Ichabod has mysteriously disappeared from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was said "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related". Indeed, the only relics of the schoolmaster's flight are his wandering horse, trampled saddle, discarded hat, and a mysterious shattered pumpkin. Although the nature of the Headless Horseman is left open to interpretation, the story implies that the ghost was really Brom (an agile stunt rider) in disguise. Irving's narrator concludes, however, by stating that the old Dutch wives continue to promote the belief that Ichabod was "spirited away by supernatural means", and a legend develops around his disappearance and sightings of his melancholy spirit.

text: Background[edit]

text: Irving wrote The Sketch Book during a tour of Europe, and parts of the tale may also be traced to European origins. Headless horsemen were staples of Northern European storytelling, featuring in German, Irish (e.g., Dullahan), Scandinavian (e.g., the Wild Hunt), and English legends, and were included in Robert Burns's poem "Tam o' Shanter" (1790) and Bürger's Der wilde Jäger, translated as The Wild Huntsman (1796). Usually viewed as omens of ill-fortune for those who chose to disregard their apparitions, these specters found their victims in proud, scheming persons and characters with hubris and arrogance.[2] One particularly influential rendition of this folktale was recorded by the German folklorist Karl Musäus.[3]

text: During the height of the American Revolutionary War, Irving writes that the country surrounding Tarry Town "was one of those highly-favored places which abound with chronicle and great men. The British and American line had run near it during the war; it had, therefore, been the scene of marauding, and infested with refugees, cow-boys, and all kinds of border chivalry."

text: After the Battle of White Plains in October 1776, the country south of the Bronx River was abandoned by the Continental Army and occupied by the British. The Americans were fortified north of Peekskill, leaving Westchester County a 30-mile stretch of scorched and desolated no-man's land, vulnerable to outlaws, raiders, and vigilantes. Besides droves of Loyalist rangers and British light infantry, Hessian Jägers—renowned sharpshooters and horsemen—were among the raiders who often skirmished with Patriot militias.[4] The Headless Horseman, said to be a decapitated Hessian soldier, may have indeed been based loosely on the discovery of just such a Jäger's headless corpse found in Sleepy Hollow after a violent skirmish, and later buried by the Van Tassel family, in an unmarked grave in the Old Dutch Burying Ground.[5] The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church and Burying Ground in Sleepy Hollow.

text: Irving, while he was an aide-de-camp to New York Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, met an army captain named Ichabod Crane in Sackets Harbor, New York during an inspection tour of fortifications in 1814. Irving may have patterned the character in "The Legend" after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.[6] The inspiration for the character of Katrina Van Tassel is uncertain.

text: The story was the longest one published as part of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (commonly referred to as The Sketch Book), which Irving issued serially throughout 1819 and 1820, using the pseudonym "Geoffrey Crayon".[7] With "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches. Both stories are often paired together in books and other representations, and both are included in surveys of early American literature and Romanticism.[8] Irving's depictions of regional culture and his themes of progress versus tradition, supernatural intervention in the commonplace, and the plight of the individual outsider in an homogeneous community permeate both stories and helped to develop a unique sense of American cultural and existential selfhood during the early 19th century.[9]

text: Film and television variations[edit]

text: This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018)

text: Notable film and television variations include:

text:
The Headless Horseman (1922), a silent film directed by Edward Venturini and starring Will Rogers as Ichabod Crane. It was filmed on location in New York's Hudson River Valley.
The Headless Horseman (1934), a ComiColor Cartoon short produced by Ub Iwerks.
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), an animated adaptation of the story directed by James Algar, Clyde Geronimi, and Jack Kinney, produced by Walt Disney Productions, and narrated by Bing Crosby. (It is paired with a similar treatment of Kenneth Grahame's novel The Wind in the Willows (1908).) The climactic ride is more extended than in the original story, and the possibility is stressed that the visually impressive Horseman is in fact a ghost rather than a human in disguise. Later the Sleepy Hollow portion of the film was separated from the companion film and shown separately as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1958).
Tales of Washington Irving, a one-hour animated television special, original airdate November 1, 1970, presented adaptations of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip van Winkle. Produced by Air Programs International (API)
A short animated version produced in 1972, narrated by John Carradine and shown in theaters a year later with Charlotte's Web (1973).
"The Headless Horseman of Halloween" (1976), an episode of The Scooby-Doo Show.
A CBS special titled Once Upon A Midnight Dreary featured an adaptation of the story, narrated by Vincent Price, featuring René Auberjonois as Ichabod Crane, Guy Boyd as Brom Bones, Pamela Brown as Katrina Van Tassell, and Robert Foster as the Headless Horseman.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1980), a television film directed by Henning Schellerup and filmed in Utah, with Jeff Goldblum as Ichabod Crane, Meg Foster as Katrina, and Richard Butkus as Brahm Bones. Executive producer Charles Sellier was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the movie.[10] The film, not closely adapted from the original story, depicts Crane as a skeptic regarding ghosts and the supernatural, although it foreshadows Tim Burton's similar 1999 treatment.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1985), an episode of Shelley Duvall's Tall Tales and Legends, stars Ed Begley, Jr. as Ichabod Crane, Beverly D'Angelo as Katrina Van Tassel, Tim Thomerson as Brom, and Charles Durning as Doffue Van Tassel, who is also the narrator. It was produced and hosted by Shelley Duvall.
Murder, She Wrote Season 3, Episode 11 "The Night of Headless Horseman", was aired on 1/4/1987 about a shy lovelorn poet (Thom Bray) was run down by headless horseman.
In 1988, PBS and Rabbit Ears Productions produced a multi-award-winning animated adaptation and a subsequent book depicting the story. The production was illustrated, directed, and adapted by Robert Van Nutt, composed by Tim Story, and narrated by Glenn Close.
An episode of The Real Ghostbusters, which featured a descendant of Ichabod Crane's, cursed by a headless apparition on a motorcycle who viciously pursues men to whom she is attracted.
The "Chopper", an episode of Kolchak: The Night Stalker, starring Darren McGavin, which features a headless motorcycle rider who decapitates his victims, an allusion to the traditional Headless Horseman legend.
"The Tale of the Midnight Ride", a season 3 episode of the Nickelodeon horror anthology television series Are You Afraid of the Dark?, serves as a sequel to the classic story. In this episode a boy named Ian Matthews moves to Sleepy Hollow, New York, where he develops a crush on Katie. One night after the Halloween dance, they see the ghost of Ichabod Crane and send him over the bridge that the Headless Horseman cannot cross, unintentionally prompting the Headless Horseman to pursue them instead of Crane.
"Sugar-Frosted Frights", an episode of Rocko's Modern Life, parodies the character as the Hopping Hessian, who carries his right leg instead of his head.
In "Halloween Hound: The Legend of Creepy Collars" (1997), the second-season premiere of the PBS series Wishbone, Wishbone imagines himself as Ichabod Crane and re-enacts the Headless Horseman story in his imagination when his owner, Joe Talbot, goes on a Halloween night scavenger hunt along with his two schoolmates, David Barnes and Samantha Kepler. In Wishbone's imagination, he is scared off by the Headless Horseman. Like the original story, the episode strongly implies that Brom is the Headless Horseman when his horse's collar resembles the Horseman's horse collar.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1999), a Canadian-American television film starring Brent Carver and Rachelle Lefevre. It was filmed in Montreal and directed by Pierre Gang.
Sleepy Hollow (1999), a feature film adaption directed by Tim Burton which takes many liberties with the plot and characters, changing Crane from the local schoolmaster into a police constable sent from New York City to investigate recent murders, and the Horseman is used as a weapon against the local landowners. Johnny Depp stars as Ichabod Crane, Christopher Walken plays the Headless Horseman, Christina Ricci plays Katrina, and Casper Van Dien plays Brom.
The Night of the Headless Horseman (1999), an hour-long, computer animated special using motion capture.
Sleepy Hollow High (2000), a B-rated, direct to video VHS and DVD horror film, in which a group of teenagers is sent to Sleepy Hollow Park Grounds to clean up vandalism and graffiti. They soon realize that someone is taking the Legend of Sleepy Hollow too far.
The Haunted Pumpkin of Sleepy Hollow (2002), a 45-minute animated special from PorchLight Entertainment.
The Hollow (2004), a TV movie that premiered on the ABC Family Channel, starring Kevin Zegers and Kaley Cuoco that focuses on a teenage descendant of Ichabod Crane.
"The Legend of Sleepy Halliwell" (2004), an episode of the TV show Charmed, in which a headless horseman murders the teachers at Magic School by beheading them.
Sleepy Hollow (2013), a mystery series co-created by Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, Phillip Iscove, and Len Wiseman. In the series, Ichabod Crane is reimagined as an English professor and turncoat during the American Revolutionary War, who awakens in the 21st century and encounters the Headless Horseman, a felled mercenary Crane had decapitated 250 years prior. Crane teams up with Abbie Mills, a lieutenant in the town of Sleepy Hollow's sheriff's department, and together they try to stop the murderous Horseman (who is purportedly Death), and uncover a conspiracy involving supernatural forces.[11]

text: Stage and music adaptations[edit]

text:
"Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (2002), a play in two acts by Christopher Cook,[12] which made its European premiere in 2014 in Kent, England.
In Sleepy Hollow (1913), a piano suite by Eastwood Lane
Sleepy Hollow (1948), a Broadway musical, with music by George Lessner and book and lyrics by Russell Maloney and Miriam Battista. It lasted 12 performances.[13]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow[14] (1989), a one-act stage adaptation by Kathryn Schultz Miller.[15]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow for Speaker & Orchestra (1999), a 15-minute composition by Robert Lichtenberger; it premiered October 2001 by Lincoln's Symphony Orchestra conducted by Tyler White.
"Ride Of The Headless Horseman" (from The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow), a tone poem for orchestra by Robert Wendel was premiered in 2001 by the Queensland Symphony Orchestra.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in Concert[16] (2004), part musical theater, radio drama, and festival, an annual production with music by Steven J. Smith, Jr. and lyrics by Jensen Oler and Smith; it premiered in Lehi, Utah at Olympic Park on October 8, 2004.[17]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2009), an opera, with music and libretto by Robert Milne; available for production through Arts Ascending, Inc.[18]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2009), an opera, with music by William Withem and libretto by Melanie Helton; it premiered March 27, 2009, in the Concert Auditorium at Michigan State University.[19]
Sleepy Hollow (2009), a musical with book and lyrics by Jim Christian and music by Tom Edward Clark. It premiered at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah on October 30, 2009.[20][21] It received the 2009 Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival Musical Theatre Award.[22]
Irving's Legend (2010–present) a dramatic retelling by Jonathan Kruk is a one-person performance staged by Historic Hudson Valley at the story's setting, The Old Dutch Church, during weekends in October.
The Hollow (2011). Book by Hunter Foster, music & lyrics by Matt Conner, directed by Matt Gardiner; premiered at Signature Theatre in Washington, DC (Eric Schaeffer, Artistic Director).[23]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, adapted by Darkstuff Productions at the Bierkeller Theatre Bristol, England Christmas 2012.[24]
Legend of Sleepy Hollows, a novelty Doo-Wop song, recorded by Monotones of Book of Love fame
Legend of the Headless Rider is a song by Mercyful Fate, fronted by King Diamond, on their In the Shadows album.

text: "Sleepy Hollow" a thriller. Written by Jason Newkirk premiered in 2007 in Columbus, IN. Again in September 2017 at Gateway Center for the Arts in Debary, FL. As an annual Halloween event.

text:
Undead Ahead is a song by Motionless in White, and appears on their album Creatures.
Head over Hills, a song by Blitzkid
Tarrytown Tales, a play by Sean P. Harrington.[25]

text: Audio adaptations[edit]

text:
Ed Begley was the narrator for a recording on both LP and audio cassette by Caedmon Records.
Boris Karloff narrated a version of the story on a 1977 LP Mr. Pickwick Records, with original songs and sound effects.
Ronald Colman was the host and narrator for a radio adaptation on NBC's Favorite Story on July 2, 1946 (requested by Walter Huston as that actor's favorite story).
An adaptation was broadcast on September 19, 1947 on NBC University of the Air: American Novels.[26]
Martin Donegan was the narrator for a recording on CMS Records.
Hurd Hatfield was the narrator for a recording on Spoken Arts Records in the 1960s.
George Guidall was the narrator for a 1999 unabridged recording on CD for Recorded Books.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1998) - An abridged version narrated by Winifred Phillips and produced for the Radio Tales series on National Public Radio. The program was released on audiocassette by Durkin Hayes Publishing Ltd in 1998 as a part of both its DH Audio catalog and its "Paperback Audio" line.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2005). Produced by The Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air and released by Blackstone Audio. Faithfully adapted from the book by Washington Irving, this production has an elaborate music score by Jeffrey Gage, sound effects, and a full cast. Originally released as a "Halloween Pick" by Barnes & Noble bookstores, the production went on to win the Ogle Award for "Best Fantasy Production of 2005." The cast includes Lincoln Clark as Ichabod Crane, Joseph Zamparelli Jr. as Brom Bones, and Diane Capen as Katrina Van Tassel. The book was dramatized, produced and directed by Jerry Robbins. On Halloween 2005, the production was broadcast coast to coast on XM Radio's Sonic Theater, and repeated the following year. It continues to be one of Colonial's most popular titles in release.
BBC Radio 7 (and later BBC Radio 4 Extra) has repeatedly broadcast a three-part reading of the story with Martin Jarvis as the narrator.
Historic Hudson Valley[27] produced with Platters, a dramatic reading of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (2008) with musical effects by Matt Noble. Parent's Choice gave it the Silver award in 2009, noting; "Here, master storyteller Jonathan Kruk delivers the story as an audio book, with colorful eloquence backed by orchestral radiance. While remaining true to Irving’s original text, Kruk boosts the story’s energy through his highly skilled reading."[28]
"Ichabod Crane, Master of the Occult"[29] (2012) is a sequel to the original story, written by D. K. Thompson and produced by Marshal Latham on the Journey Into podcast.
Tom Mison, who plays Ichabod Crane in the television series Sleepy Hollow, was the narrator for a 2014 recording for Audible Studios.

text: Geographic impact[edit]

text:
Annually since 1996, before Halloween, the nonprofit organization Historic Hudson Valley has held "Legend Weekend", an event at the Philipsburg Manor House in Sleepy Hollow, featuring a rider portraying the Headless Horseman and a storyteller, Jonathan Kruk, retelling "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" as an historic celebration attended by thousands.
In 1997, the village of North Tarrytown, New York (as the village had been called since the late 19th century), where many events of the story took place, officially changed its name to Sleepy Hollow. Its high school teams are named "the Horsemen".
In 2006, a large statue depicting the Headless Horseman chasing Ichabod Crane was placed along Route 9 in Sleepy Hollow/Tarrytown, New York.

text: Place names[edit]

text:
Town and village names:

Sleepy Hollow, Illinois, many of the street names reflect characters from the tale, and the image of the Headless Horseman can be found on many of the city's landmarks and publications.
Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California, has Irving Drive, Legend Road, Ichabod Court, Katrina Lane, Van Tassel Court, Baltus Lane, Crane Drive, and Van Winkle Drive.

Subdivision names:

Bethel, Connecticut, "Sleepy Hollow Estates", Ichabod Lane, Legend Drive, and Katrina Circle.
Roanoke, Virginia, and Longwood, Florida, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Ichabod and Horseman.
Pearland, Texas, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Washington Irving Drive, Sleepy Hollow Drive, Crane Drive, Tarrytown Lane, and Brom Bones Boulevard.
Port Jervis, New York, Sleepy Hollow Road
Falls Church, Virginia, Street names Sleepy Hollow Road, Crane Drive, Ichabod Place, and Horseman Lane. There is also a Sleepy Hollow Park and Sleepy Hollow Bath & Racquet Club.
Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Road
Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Lane
Spinnerstown, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Road
Hampden Township, Pennsylvania, "Sleepy Hollow", Ichabod Court, Brom Court, and Katrina Court.

State Parks:

Sleepy Hollow State Park, Laingsburg, Michigan

Schools:

The Ichabod Crane School District, Valatie, New York. The school's sports teams are called "The Riders" and a silhouette of Ichabod Crane on his horse is often representative of the home team while a silhouette of the Headless Horseman is representative of the opponent. The wings in the junior high school are also named for characters and places, such as Katrina Van Tassel and Sleepy Hollow.
The Ichabod Crane Schoolhouse, Kinderhook, New York .
Sleepy Hollow Elementary

Orinda, California, has Washington Lane, Sleepy Hollow Lane, Tarry Lane, Van Ripper Lane, Van Tassel Lane, Tappan Lane, and Crane Court.
Pinson, Alabama's Sleepy Hollow Subdivision has Sleepy Hollow Drive
Rest Stop:

Sleepy Hollow Rest area

text: On the Far North Coast of NSW lies the sleepy hollow rest stop. There is a stop located either side of the road so that North and South bound traffic is able to stop. The northbound stop is located 58 km north of Ballina, NSW and the southbound stop is located 32 km south of Tweed Heads.


document_title: Duke Blue Devils men's basketball

question_text: when did duke win the national championship in basketball

text: Duke Blue Devils men's basketball

text: Team history[edit]

text:
Retired basketball jerseys[5]

Number
Player
Year

10
Dick Groat
1952

43
Mike Gminski
1980

24
Johnny Dawkins
1986

35
Danny Ferry
1989

25
Art Heyman
1990

32
Christian Laettner
1992

11
Bobby Hurley
1993

33
Grant Hill
1994

44
Jeff Mullins
1994

31
Shane Battier
2001

22
Jay Williams
2003

23
Shelden Williams
2007

4
J. J. Redick
2007

text: Adapted from Duke University Archives[6]

text: In 1906, Wilbur Wade Card, Trinity College's Athletic Director and a member of the Class of 1900, introduced the game of basketball to Trinity. The January 30 issue of The Trinity Chronicle headlined the new sport on its front page. Trinity's first game ended in a loss to Wake Forest, 24–10. The game was played in the Angier B. Duke Gymnasium, later known as The Ark. The Trinity team won its first title in 1920, the state championship, by beating the North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering (now NC State) 25 to 24. Earlier in the season they had beaten the University of North Carolina 19–18 in the first match-up between the two schools. Trinity college then became Duke University.

text: Billy Werber, Class of 1930, became Duke's first All-American in basketball. The Gothic-style West Campus opened that year, with a new gym, later to be named for Coach Card. The Indoor Stadium opened in 1940. Initially it was referred to as an "Addition" to the gymnasium. Part of its cost was paid for with the proceeds from the Duke football team's appearance in the 1938 Rose Bowl. In 1972 it would be named for Eddie Cameron, head coach from 1929 to 1942.

text: In 1952, Dick Groat became the first Duke player to be named National Player of the Year. Duke left the Southern Conference to become a charter member of the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1953. The Duke team under Vic Bubas made its first appearance in the Final Four in 1963, losing 94–75 to Loyola in the semifinal. The next year, Bubas' team reached the national title game, losing to the Bruins of UCLA, who claimed 10 titles in the next 12 years. Bob Verga was Duke's star player in 1967.

text: The basketball program won its 1000th game in 1974, making Duke only the eighth school in NCAA history to reach that figure. In a turnaround, Coach Bill Foster's 1978 Blue Devils, who had gone 2–10 in the ACC the previous year, won the conference tournament and went on to the NCAA championship game, where they fell to Kentucky. Gene Banks, Mike Gminski ('80) and Jim Spanarkel ('79) ran the floor.

text: Mike Krzyzewski has been at Duke since 1980. His many accomplishments include:

text:
5 National Championships – 2nd most all time
12 Final Fours (most since 1984–85) as well as five in a row from 1988 to 1992. Now tied for most all time with John Wooden at 12.
14 Elite Eights
23 Sweet Sixteens (most since 1984–85) and nine straight from 1998–2006
33 NCAA tournament berths
91 NCAA tournament wins (most ever)
13 No. 1 seeds
25 conference titles (12 regular season, 14 tournament), 10 of the 14 ACC Tournament Titles from 1998–99 through 2016–17
14 30-win seasons
32 20-win seasons
Number 1 AP ranking in 17 of the past 28 seasons
7 Naismith College Player of the Year Awards
9 National Defensive Players of the Year Awards
26 AP All-Americans
14 consensus first team All-Americans
11 NBA top-10 picks: T-1st[7]
23 NBA Draft first round picks
1071 Career wins

text: Krzyzewski's teams made the Final Four in 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2010 and 2015.

text: Duke upset the heavily favored UNLV Runnin' Rebels 79–77 in the Final Four in 1991, a rematch of the 1990 final in which Duke lost by 30 points. The team, led by Christian Laettner, Bobby Hurley, Grant Hill, and Thomas Hill, went on to defeat Kansas 72–65 to win the university's first NCAA Championship. Ranked #1 all season and favored to repeat as national champions in 1992, Duke took part in a game "acclaimed by many [as] the greatest college basketball game ever played," according to ESPN.[8][9][10][11] In the Elite Eight, Duke met the Rick Pitino-led Kentucky Wildcats. It appeared Kentucky had sealed the win in overtime when guard Sean Woods hit a running shot off the glass in the lane to put Kentucky up by one with 2.1 seconds left on the clock. After a timeout, Duke's Grant Hill threw a full-court pass to Christian Laettner. Laettner took one dribble and nailed a turn-around jumper at the buzzer to send Duke into the Final Four with a 104–103 victory. Duke went on to defeat the Sixth-seeded Michigan 71–51 to claim its second NCAA Championship. They would later meet Kentucky for another classic regional final game, but blow a 17-point second half lead in losing to the Wildcats. The Blue Devils would lose the 1994 title game to Arkansas and their "Forty Minutes of Hell" defense. The next two seasons would see them fall to just 31–31, though they made the 1996 tournament with an 18–12 record, 8–8 in conference play. They would also fall in the 1999 title game, this time to Jim Calhoun and the UCONN Huskies. Duke defeated Arizona 82–72 to win its third NCAA Championship in 2001, becoming one of a handful of teams in NCAA Tournament history to defeat all of their tournament opponents by double digits. Krzyzewski was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame later that year. On April 5, 2010 Duke Men's Basketball won their fourth NCAA Championship by defeating Butler 61–59. On April 6, 2015 Duke's Men's Basketball won their fifth NCAA Championship by defeating Wisconsin 68–63.

text: Highly ranked recruit Jabari Parker signed with Duke before the start of the 2013–2014 season. He was ranked as the second best recruit by ESPN.[12] He has the record for most 20 point games by a Blue Devil in their Freshman year.

text: Duke has been ranked as the #1 team in the nation 235 weeks in their history.

text: Former Duke stars such as Alaa Abdelnaby, Johnny Dawkins, Cherokee Parks, Bobby Hurley, Antonio Lang, Roshown McLeod, William Avery, Trajan Langdon, Grant Hill, Danny Ferry, Christian Laettner, Brian Davis, Elton Brand, Shane Battier, Carlos Boozer, Chris Duhon, Mike Dunleavy, Dahntay Jones, Daniel Ewing, J.J. Redick, Shavlik Randolph, Shelden Williams, Corey Maggette, Luol Deng, Josh McRoberts, Gerald Henderson, Austin Rivers, Lance Thomas, Kyle Singler, Miles Plumlee, Mason Plumlee, Nolan Smith, Jason Williams, Jabari Parker, Rodney Hood and Kyrie Irving have gone on to play in the NBA. Many of Krzyzewski's assistants and former players, such as Tommy Amaker (Seton Hall, University of Michigan and Harvard), Bob Bender (Illinois State University and University of Washington), Chuck Swenson at William & Mary, Mike Brey (Delaware and Notre Dame), Jeff Capel (VCU and Oklahoma), Chris Collins (Northwestern), Johnny Dawkins (Stanford), Quin Snyder (Missouri, Utah Jazz), and Steve Wojciechowski (Marquette) have become head basketball coaches at major universities and the NBA, while Pete Gaudet is now the head coach of the India women's national basketball team.

text: Results by season (1980–present)[edit]

text:
Season
Coach
Overall
Conference
Standing
Postseason

Mike Krzyzewski (Atlantic Coast Conference) (1980–Present)

1980–81
Mike Krzyzewski
17–13
6–8
T-5th
NIT Quarterfinals

1981–82
Mike Krzyzewski
10–17
4–10
T-6th
—

1982–83
Mike Krzyzewski
11–17
3–11
7th
—

1983–84
Mike Krzyzewski
24–10
7–7
T-3rd
NCAA Round of 32

1984–85
Mike Krzyzewski
23–8
8–6
T-4th
NCAA Round of 32

1985–86
Mike Krzyzewski
37–3
12–2
1st
NCAA Finalist

1986–87
Mike Krzyzewski
24–9
9–5
3rd
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

1987–88
Mike Krzyzewski
28–7
9–5
3rd
NCAA Final Four

1988–89
Mike Krzyzewski
28–8
9–5
T-2nd
NCAA Final Four

1989–90
Mike Krzyzewski
29–9
9–5
T-2nd
NCAA Finalist

1990–91
Mike Krzyzewski
32–7
11–3
1st
National Champions

1991–92
Mike Krzyzewski
34–2
14–2
1st
National Champions

1992–93
Mike Krzyzewski
24–8
10–6
T-3rd
NCAA Round of 32

1993–94
Mike Krzyzewski
28–6
12–4
1st
NCAA Finalist

1994–95
Mike Krzyzewski
Pete Gaudet
Mike K. 9–3
Pete G. 4–15
2–14
9th
—

1995–96
Mike Krzyzewski
18–13
8–8
T-4th
NCAA Round of 64

1996–97
Mike Krzyzewski
24–9
12–4
1st
NCAA Round of 32

1997–98
Mike Krzyzewski
32–4
15–1
1st
NCAA Elite Eight

1998–99
Mike Krzyzewski
37–2
16–0
1st
NCAA Finalist

1999–2000
Mike Krzyzewski
29–5
15–1
1st
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2000–01
Mike Krzyzewski
35–4
13–3
T-1st
National Champions

2001–02
Mike Krzyzewski
31–4
13–3
2nd
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2002–03
Mike Krzyzewski
26–7
11–5
T-3rd
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2003–04
Mike Krzyzewski
31–6
13–3
1st
NCAA Final Four

2004–05
Mike Krzyzewski
27–6
11–5
3rd
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2005–06
Mike Krzyzewski
32–4
14–2
1st
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2006–07
Mike Krzyzewski
22–11
8–8
T-6th
NCAA Round of 64

2007–08
Mike Krzyzewski
28–6
13–3
2nd
NCAA Round of 32

2008–09
Mike Krzyzewski
30–7
11–5
T-2nd
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2009–10
Mike Krzyzewski
35–5
13–3
T-1st
National Champions

2010–11
Mike Krzyzewski
32–5
13–3
2nd
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2011–12
Mike Krzyzewski
27–7
13–3
2nd
NCAA Round of 64

2012–13
Mike Krzyzewski
30–6
14–4
2nd
NCAA Elite Eight

2013–14
Mike Krzyzewski
26–9
13–5
3rd
NCAA Round of 64

2014–15
Mike Krzyzewski
35–4
15–3
2nd
National Champions

2015–16
Mike Krzyzewski
25–11
11–7
T-5th
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2016–17
Mike Krzyzewski
28–9
11–7
5th
NCAA Round of 32

2017–18
Mike Krzyzewski
29–8
13–5
2nd
NCAA Elite Eight

Mike Krzyzewski:
1027–279
412–171

Total:
1027–279

      National champion         Postseason invitational champion
      Conference regular season champion         Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
      Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
      Conference tournament champion

text: NCAA Tournament seeding history[edit]

text: The NCAA began seeding the tournament with the 1979 edition.

text:
Years
'79
'80
'84
'85
'86
'87
'88
'89
'90
'91
'92
'93
'94
'96
'97
'98
'99
'00
'01
'02
'03
'04
'05
'06
'07
'08
'09
'10
'11
'12
'13
'14
'15
'16
'17
'18

Seeds
2
4
3
3
1
5
2
2
3
2
1
3
2
8
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
6
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
4
2
2

text: National championships[edit]

text:
Year
Coach
Opponent
Score
Record

1991
Mike Krzyzewski
Kansas Jayhawks
72–65
32–7

1992
Mike Krzyzewski
Michigan Wolverines
71–51
34–2

2001
Mike Krzyzewski
Arizona Wildcats
82–72
35–4

2010
Mike Krzyzewski
Butler Bulldogs
61–59
35–5

2015
Mike Krzyzewski
Wisconsin Badgers
68–63
35–4

National Championships
5

text:
1991 NCAA Tournament Results

Round
Opponent
Score

Round #1
#15 Northeast Louisiana
102–73

Round #2
#7 Iowa
85–70

Sweet 16
#11 Connecticut
81–67

Elite 8
#4 St. John's
78–61

Final 4
#1 UNLV
79–77

Championship
#3 Kansas
72–65

text:
1992 NCAA Tournament Results

Round
Opponent
Score

Round #1
#16 Campbell
82–56

Round #2
#9 Iowa
75–62

Sweet 16
#4 Seton Hall
81–69

Elite 8
#2 Kentucky
104–103

Final 4
#2 Indiana
81–78

Championship
#6 Michigan
71–51

text:
2001 NCAA Tournament Results

Round
Opponent
Score

Round #1
#16 Monmouth
95–52

Round #2
#9 Missouri
94–81

Sweet 16
#4 UCLA
76–63

Elite 8
#6 USC
79–69

Final 4
#3 Maryland
95–84

Championship
#2 Arizona
82–72

text:
2010 NCAA Tournament Results

Round
Opponent
Score

Round #1
#16 Arkansas-Pine Bluff
73–44

Round #2
#8 California
68–53

Sweet 16
#4 Purdue
70–57

Elite 8
#3 Baylor
78–71

Final 4
#2 West Virginia
78–57

Championship
#5 Butler
61–59

text:
2015 NCAA Tournament Results

Round
Opponent
Score

Round #1
#16 Robert Morris
85–56

Round #2
#8 San Diego St
68–49

Sweet 16
#5 Utah
63–57

Elite 8
#2 Gonzaga
66–52

Final 4
#7 Michigan St
81–61

Championship
#1 Wisconsin
68–63

text: Final Four history[edit]

text:
1963–Third Place
1964–Finalist
1966–Third Place
1978–Finalist

1986–Finalist
1988–Semifinalist
1989–Semifinalist
1990–Finalist

1991–Champion
1992–Champion
1994–Finalist
1999–Finalist

2001–Champion
2004–Semifinalist
2010–Champion
2015–Champion

text: Complete NCAA tournament results[edit]

text: The Blue Devils have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 42 times. Their combined record is 111–36.

text:
[show]Year
Seed
Round
Opponent
Result

1955

First Round
Villanova
L 73–74

1960

First Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Princeton
St. Joseph's
NYU
W 84–60
W 58–56
L 59–74

1963

Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National 3rd Place Game
NYU
St. Joseph's
Loyola–Chicago
Oregon State
W 81–76
W 73–59
L 75–94
W 85–63

1964

Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Villanova
Connecticut
Michigan
UCLA
W 87–73
W 101–54
W 91–80
L 83–98

1966

Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National 3rd Place Game
St. Joseph's
Syracuse
Kentucky
Utah
W 76–74
W 91–81
L 79–83
W 79–77

1978

First Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Rhode Island
Penn
Villanova
Notre Dame
Kentucky
W 63–62
W 84–80
W 90–72
W 90–86
L 88–94

1979
#2
Second Round
#10 St. John's
L 78–80

1980
#4
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
#12 Penn
#1 Kentucky
Purdue
W 52–42
W 55–54
L 60–68

1984
#3
Second Round
#6 Washington
L 78–80

1985
#3
First Round
Second Round
#14 Pepperdine
#11 Boston College
W 75–62
L 73–74

1986
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#16 Mississippi Valley State
#8 Old Dominion
#12 DePaul
#7 Navy
#1 Kansas
#2 Louisville
W 85–78
W 89–61
W 74–67
W 71–50
W 71–67
L 69–72

1987
#5
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#12 Texas A&M
#13 Xavier
#1 Indiana
W 58–51
W 65–50
L 82–88

1988
#2
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
#15 Boston University
#7 SMU
#11 Rhode Island
#1 Temple
#6 Kansas
W 85–69
W 94–79
W 73–72
W 63–53
L 59–66

1989
#2
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
#15 South Carolina State
#7 West Virginia
#11 Minnesota
#1 Georgetown
#3 Seton Hall
W 90–69
W 70–63
W 87–70
W 85–77
L 78–95

1990
#3
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#14 Richmond
#6 St. John's
#7 UCLA
#1 Connecticut
#4 Arkansas
#1 UNLV
W 81–46
W 76–72
W 90–81
W 79–78OT
W 97–83
L 73–103

1991
#2
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#15 Northeast Louisiana
#7 Iowa
#11 Connecticut
#4 St. John's
#1 UNLV
#3 Kansas
W 102–73
W 85–70
W 81–67
W 61–78
W 79–77
W 72–65

1992
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#16 Campbell
#9 Iowa
#4 Seton Hall
#2 Kentucky
#2 Indiana
#6 Michigan
W 82–56
W 75–62
W 81–69
W 104–103OT
W 81–78
W 71–51

1993
#3
First Round
Second Round
#14 Southern Illinois
#6 California
W 105–70
L 77–82

1994
#2
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#15 Texas Southern
#7 Michigan State
#6 Marquette
#1 Purdue
#3 Florida
#1 Arkansas
W 82–70
W 75–63
W 59–49
W 69–60
W 70–65
L 72–76

1996
#8
First Round
#9 Eastern Michigan
L 60–75

1997
#2
First Round
Second Round
#15 Murray State
#10 Providence
W 71–68
L 87–98

1998
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
#16 Radford
#8 Oklahoma State
#5 Syracuse
#2 Kentucky
W 99–63
W 79–73
W 80–67
L 84–86

1999
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#16 Florida A&M
#9 Tulsa
#4 SW Missouri State
#6 Temple
#1 Michigan State
#1 Connecticut
W 99–58
W 97–56
W 78–61
W 85–64
W 68–62
L 74–77

2000
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#16 Lamar
#8 Kansas
#5 Florida
W 82–55
W 69–64
L 78–87

2001
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#16 Monmouth
#9 Missouri
#4 UCLA
#6 USC
#3 Maryland
#2 Arizona
W 95–57
W 94–81
W 76–63
W 79–69
W 95–84
W 82–72

2002
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#16 Winthrop
#8 Notre Dame
#5 Indiana
W 84–37
W 84–77
L 73–74

2003
#3
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#14 Colorado State
#11 Central Michigan
#2 Kansas
W 67–57
W 86–60
L 65–69

2004
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
#16 Alabama State
#8 Seton Hall
#5 Illinois
#7 Xavier
#2 Connecticut
W 96–61
W 90–62
W 72–62
W 66–63
L 78–79

2005
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#16 Delaware State
#9 Mississippi State
#5 Michigan State
W 57–46
W 63–55
L 68–78

2006
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#16 Southern
#8 George Washington
#4 LSU
W 70–54
W 74–61
L 54–62

2007
#6
First Round
#11 VCU
L 77–79

2008
#2
First Round
Second Round
#15 Belmont
#7 West Virginia
W 71–70
L 67–73

2009
#2
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#15 Binghamton
#7 Texas
#3 Villanova
W 86–62
W 74–69
L 54–77

2010
#1
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#16 Arkansas–Pine Bluff
#8 California
#4 Purdue
#3 Baylor
#2 West Virginia
#5 Butler
W 73–44
W 68–53
W 70–57
W 78–71
W 78–57
W 61–59

2011
#1
Second Round
Third Round
Sweet Sixteen
#16 Hampton
#8 Michigan
#5 Arizona
W 87–45
W 73–71
L 77–93

2012
#2
Second Round
#15 Lehigh
L 70–75

2013
#2
Second Round
Third Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
#15 Albany
#7 Creighton
#3 Michigan State
#1 Louisville
W 73–61
W 50–66
W 61–71
L 63–85

2014
#3
Second Round
#14 Mercer
L 71–78

2015
#1
Second Round
Third Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#16 Robert Morris
#8 San Diego State
#5 Utah
#2 Gonzaga
#7 Michigan State
#1 Wisconsin
W 85–56
W 68–49
W 63–57
W 66–52
W 81–61
W 68–63

2016
#4
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#13 UNC Wilmington
#12 Yale
#1 Oregon
W 93–85
W 71–64
L 68–82

2017
#2
First Round
Second Round
#15 Troy
#7 South Carolina
W 87–65
L 81–88

2018
#2
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
#15 Iona
#7 Rhode Island
#11 Syracuse
#1 Kansas
W 89–67
W 87–62
W 69–65
L 81–85 OT

text: From 2011–2015, the round of 64 was known as the Second Round, round of 32 was Third Round

text: NIT results[edit]

text: The Blue Devils have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) five times. Their combined record is 5–6.

text:
Year
Round
Opponent
Result

1967
Quarterfinals
Southern Illinois
L 63–72

1968
First Round
Quarterfinals
Oklahoma City
Saint Peter's
W 97–81
L 71–100

1970
First Round
Utah
L 75–78

1971
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
3rd Place Game
Dayton
Tennessee
North Carolina
St. Bonaventure
W 68–60
W 78–64
L 69–73
L 88–92

1981
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
North Carolina A&T
Alabama
Purdue
W 79–69
W 75–70
L 69–81

text: Key statistics[edit]

text: As of the 2017–18 season, the Blue Devils' program record is as follows.[13]

text:
Overall

Years of basketball
110

First season
1905–06

Head coaches (all-time)
19

All Games

All-time record
2062-853 (.707)

Home record
935–189 (.832)

20+ win seasons
47

30+ win seasons
14

Conference Games

Conference Record
770–370 (.765)

Conference Regular Season Championships
22

Conference Tournament Championships
25

NCAA Tournament

NCAA Appearances
41

NCAA Tournament wins
105

Sweet Sixteens
28

Elite Eights
20

Final Fours
16

Championship Games
11

Championships
5

Accurate as of June 4, 2015

text: Cameron Indoor Stadium[edit]

text: Cameron Indoor Stadium was completed on January 6, 1940, having cost $400,000. At the time, it was the largest gymnasium in the country south of the Palestra at the University of Pennsylvania. Originally called Duke Indoor Stadium, it was renamed for Coach Cameron on January 22, 1972.[14] The building originally included seating for 8,800, though standing room was sufficient to ensure that 12,000 could fit in on a particularly busy day. Then, as now, Duke students were allowed a large chunk of the seats, including those directly alongside the court. Renovations in 1987–1988 removed the standing room areas and added seats, bringing capacity to 9,314.

text: Duke's men's basketball teams have had a decided home-court advantage for many years, thanks to the diehard students known as the Cameron Crazies. The hardwood floor has been dedicated and renamed Coach K Court in honor of head coach Mike Krzyzewski, and the tent city outside Cameron where students camp out before big games is known as Krzyzewskiville. In 1999, Sports Illustrated ranked Cameron the fourth best venue in all of professional and college sports,[15] and USA Today referred to it as "the toughest road game in the nation".[16]

text: Duke has not lost a non-conference game at Cameron since 2000, and maintains a tradition of hosting the previous season's Division II national champion in an exhibition game each November.

text: Player awards[edit]

text: National Players of the Year

text:
Dick Groat Helms, UPI
Art Heyman AP, UPI, U.S. Basketball Writers
Johnny Dawkins Naismith
Danny Ferry Naismith, UPI, U.S. Basketball Writers
Christian Laettner AP, Basketball Times, NABC, Naismith, U.S. Basketball Writers, Wooden
Elton Brand AP, NABC, Naismith, U.S. Basketball Writers, Wooden, The Sporting News
Shane Battier AP, Basketball Times, Naismith, U.S. Basketball Writers, Wooden, The Sporting News
Jason Williams AP, Basketball Times, NABC, Naismith, U.S. Basketball Writers, Wooden, The Sporting News
J. J. Redick AP, Basketball Times, NABC, Naismith, Rupp, U.S. Basketball Writers, Wooden, The Sporting News

text: ACC Men's Basketball Player of the Year

text:
Art Heyman (1963)
Jeff Mullins (1964)
Steve Vacendak (1966)
Mike Gminski (1979)
Danny Ferry (1988, 1989)
Christian Laettner (1992)
Grant Hill (1994)
Elton Brand (1999)
Chris Carrawell (2000)
Shane Battier (2001)
J. J. Redick (2005, 2006)
Nolan Smith (2011)
Jahlil Okafor (2015)
Marvin Bagley III (2018)

text: ACC Rookies of the Year

text:
Jim Spanarkel (1976)
Mike Gminski (1977)
Gene Banks (1978)
Chris Duhon (2001)
Kyle Singler (2008)
Austin Rivers (2012)
Jabari Parker (2014)
Jahlil Okafor (2015)
Brandon Ingram (2016)
Marvin Bagley III (2018)

text: National Defensive Player of the Year

text:
Billy King (1986)
Tommy Amaker (1987)
Grant Hill (1993)
Steve Wojciechowski (1998)
Shane Battier (1999, 2000, 2001)
Shelden Williams (2005, 2006)

text: ACC Defensive Player of the Year (since 2005)

text:
Shelden Williams (2005, 2006)
DeMarcus Nelson (2008)

text: Current Blue Devils in the NBA[edit]

text: As of the 2017–18 NBA season, these Blue Devil players currently play in the NBA.

text:
Luol Deng – Los Angeles Lakers[17]
Mike Dunleavy Jr. – Free Agent[18]
Harry Giles – Sacramento Kings
Gerald Henderson Jr. – Free Agent[19]
Rodney Hood – Cleveland Cavaliers[20]
Kyrie Irving – Boston Celtics[21]
Dahntay Jones – Free Agent[22]
Frank Jackson – New Orleans Pelicans
Luke Kennard – Detroit Pistons [23]
Josh McRoberts – Free Agent [24]
Jabari Parker – Milwaukee Bucks[25]
Mason Plumlee – Denver Nuggets[26]
Justise Winslow – Miami Heat[27]
Miles Plumlee – Atlanta Hawks[28]
J. J. Redick – Philadelphia 76ers[29]
Austin Rivers – Los Angeles Clippers[30]
Kyle Singler – Oklahoma City Thunder[31]
Jayson Tatum – Boston Celtics[32]
Lance Thomas – New York Knicks[33]
Seth Curry – Dallas Mavericks [34]
Jahlil Okafor – Brooklyn Nets [35]
Tyus Jones – Minnesota Timberwolves [36]
Brandon Ingram – Los Angeles Lakers [37]
Marshall Plumlee – Milwaukee Bucks[38]
Quinn Cook – Golden State Warriors

text: Rivalries[edit]

text:
Carolina–Duke rivalry
Duke–Maryland men's basketball rivalry
Duke–Michigan men's basketball rivalry