document_title: Coraline (film)

question_text: who does the voice of wybie in coraline

question_tokens: who does the voice of wybie in coraline

text: Coraline (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Coraline Jones and her parents, who are busy editors of a gardening catalogue, move from Pontiac, Michigan to Ashland, Oregon, where they stay at the dilapidated Pink Palace Apartments. Her new yet eccentric neighbors include Mr. Bobinsky, Miss Spink, and Miss Forcible, as well as Wyborne "Wybie" Lovat, the grandson of the landlady, whose twin sister mysteriously disappeared years ago. Coraline also meets a black cat.

text: One day, Wybie gives her a button-eyed ragdoll which eerily resembles Coraline. The doll then lures her to a small door in the living room, which is bricked up and can only be unlocked by a button key. That night, a rat guides her through the door, where the bricks have been replaced by a corridor to the Other World, an idealised parallel dimension of Coraline's life, inhabited by button-eyed doppelgängers of people from her real world. Coraline meets the Other Mother and the Other Father, who are noticeably warmer and more attentive than her real parents.

text: After dinner, she goes to sleep in her Other Bedroom but awakes in her real bedroom. Despite cryptic warnings from her neighbours, Coraline visits the Other World three times, where she meets the Other Mr. Bobinsky, the Other Miss Spink and Forcible, and the Other Wybie, who is mute. The cat also visits the Other World and is somehow able to speak.

text: On the third visit, the Other Mother invites Coraline to stay forever, under the condition that a pair of buttons will be sewn over her eyes. Horrified, Coraline refuses the offer and attempts to flee. However, she discovers that all the exits to the real world have been blocked by the Other Mother. The cat appears and reveals to her the sinister truth about the Other World and the Other Mother. Coraline demands the Other Mother to let her return home but the Other Mother suddenly grows taller and more grotesque and imprisons her behind a mirror. There, Coraline meets the ghosts of her previous victims, including the long-lost twin sister of Wybie's grandmother. The ghosts reveal that the Other Mother, whom they refer to as the Beldam, created and sent button-eyed ragdolls that resembled them in order to spy on their lives. She eventually lured them into the Other World, under the promise of a better life, where she sewed buttons over their eyes and consumed their lives. To free their souls, their real eyes, hidden in special objects, need to be retrieved. Coraline promises to return their eyes.

text: Coraline is suddenly rescued from the mirror by the Other Wybie, whose mouth has been horribly stitched by the Beldam. He helps her escape into the real world in time but Coraline discovers that her parents are missing. She eventually deduces that they have been kidnapped by the Beldam. The cat advises Coraline to negotiate with the Beldam by proposing a "game": if Coraline cannot find her parents and the ghosts' eyes, she will allow her to sew buttons over her eyes, but if she can, they will all be set free. The Beldam reluctantly agrees and vanishes.

text: One by one, Coraline retrieves the ghosts' eyes across the Other World, now a nightmarish dimension, from its deranged inhabitants. As she does, the surroundings around the Other Pink Palace Apartments gradually disintegrates until only the living room is left. Inside, Coraline meets the Beldam in her true arachnoid form. Knowing that the Beldam will never accept her victory, she tricks her into unlocking the door. Whilst the Beldam is distracted in unlocking the door, Coraline finds her parents trapped in a snow globe, takes it, and throws the cat at the Beldam's face, who promptly rips her buttons eyes out.

text: After an intense confrontation, Coraline quickly escapes into the corridor and slams and locks the door shut onto the Beldam's hand, severing it. Her parents return to the real world, who appear to have no memory of what just happened. That night, the ghosts, who passed onto the afterlife with their real eyes, warn her to get rid of the button key to prevent the Beldam from accessing the real world. As Coraline prepares to drop it down the well, the Beldam's severed hand violently ambushes her and tries to drag her back to the Other World. Wybie saves Coraline by crushing the hand with a rock, throwing its remains and the key into the well and sealing it shut.

text: The next day, Coraline and her parents, who finally finished their gardening catalog, host a garden party with the neighbours. Coraline also prepares to tell Mrs. Lovat the truth about her twin sister. The film ends when the cat mysteriously disappears behind the apartment's sign.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dakota Fanning as Coraline Jones, a curious 11-year-old[7][8] girl with dark blue hair.
Teri Hatcher as Mel Jones, Coraline's mother and the Beldam/Other Mother, ruler of the Other World.
Jennifer Saunders and Dawn French as April Spink and Miriam Forcible respectively, a pair of retired burlesque actresses.
John Hodgman as Charlie Jones, Coraline's father and the Other Father.

John Linnell as Other Father's singing voice.

Ian McShane as Sergei Alexander Bobinsky, a former Chernobyl liquidator and one of Coraline's neighbors who owns a jumping mice circus. Coraline nicknames him "Mr B." .
Keith David as the Cat, a sarcastic, mysterious, nameless black cat from Coraline's world who appears and disappears at will and has the ability to speak in the Other World.
Robert Bailey Jr. as Wyborne "Wybie" Lovat, the geeky, nervous 11-year-old grandson of Coraline's landlady. Wybie is a character introduced for the film adaptation so that the viewer "wouldn't have a girl walking around, occasionally talking to herself".[9]
Caroline Crawford as Mrs. Lovat, Wybie's grandmother and the owner of the Pink Palace Apartments.

text: Production[edit]

text:
"Coraline [was] a huge risk. But these days in animation, the safest bet is to take a risk."

–Henry Selick[10]

tag: div

text: Director Henry Selick met author Neil Gaiman just as he was finishing the novel Coraline, and given that Gaiman was a fan of Selick's The Nightmare Before Christmas, he invited him to a possible adaptation of the film. As Selick thought a direct adaptation would lead to "maybe a 47-minute movie", his screenplay had some expansions, such as the creation of Wybie. When looking for a design away from the style seen in most animation, Selick discovered the work of Japanese illustrator Tadahiro Uesugi and invited him to become the concept artist. One of Uesugi's biggest influences was on the color palette, which was muted in reality and more colorful in the Other World.[9] Uesugi declared that "at the beginning, it was supposed to be a small project over a few weeks to simply create characters; however, I ended up working on the project for over a year, eventually designing sets and backgrounds, on top of drawing the basic images for the story to be built upon."[11]

text: Coraline was staged in a 140,000-square-foot (13,000 m2) warehouse in Hillsboro, Oregon.[10][12] The stage was divided into 50 lots,[13] which played host to nearly 150 sets.[10] Among the sets were three miniature Victorian mansions, a 42-foot (12.8 m) apple orchard, and a model of Ashland, Oregon, including tiny details such as banners for the Oregon Shakespeare Festival.[12] More than 28[clarification needed] animators worked at a time on rehearsing or shooting scenes, producing 90–100 seconds of finished animation each week.[14] To add the stereoscopy for the 3D release, the animators shot each frame from two slightly apart camera positions.[9]

text: Every object on screen was made for the film.[9] The crew used three 3D printing systems from Objet in the development and production of the film. Thousands of high-quality 3D models, ranging from facial expressions to doorknobs, were printed in 3D using the Polyjet matrix systems, which enable the fast transformation of CAD (computer-aided design) drawings into high-quality 3D models.[15] The puppets had separate parts for the upper and lower parts of the head that could be exchanged for different facial expressions.[9] The characters of Coraline could potentially exhibit over 208,000 facial expressions.[15] Computer artists composited separatedly-shot elements together, or added elements of their own which had to look handcrafted instead of computer-generated – for instance, the flames were done with traditional animation and painted digitally, and the fog was dry ice.[9]

text: At its peak, the film involved the efforts of 450 people,[10] including from 30[12] to 35[10] animators and digital designers in the Digital Design Group (DDG) directed by Dan Casey and more than 250 technicians and designers.[12] One crew member, Althea Crome, was hired specifically to knit miniature sweaters and other clothing for the puppet characters, sometimes using knitting needles as thin as human hair.[10] The clothes would also simulate wear using paint and a file.[9] Several students from The Art Institute of Portland were also involved in making the film.

text: The soundtrack for Coraline features songs composed by French composer Bruno Coulais with one, "Other Father Song", by They Might Be Giants. The Other Father's singing voice is provided by John Linnell, one of the singers from the band. They wrote 10 songs for the film; when a melancholy tone was decided, all but one were cut. Coulais' score was performed by the Hungarian Symphony Orchestra and features choral pieces sung by the Children's Choir of Nice in a nonsense language.[16] Selick mentions that the main soloist, "a young girl you hear singing in several parts of the film" is coincidentally named Coraline.[16] Coraline won Coulais the 2009 Annie Award for best score for an animated feature.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Soundtrack list[edit]

text:
"Sirens of the Sea" – Performed by Michele Mariana
"Other Father Song" – Written and Performed by John Linnell
"Nellie Jean" – Performed by Kent Melton
"Dreaming" – Performed by Bruno Coulais, The Children's Choir of Nice, and Teri Hatcher

text: Release[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released in the United States on DVD and Blu-ray on July 21, 2009, by Universal Studios Home Entertainment. A 3-D version comes with four sets of 3-D glasses—specifically the green-magenta anaglyph image. Coraline was released in the United Kingdom on DVD and Blu-ray on October 12, 2009. A 3-D version of the film was also released on a 2-Disc Collector's Edition. The DVD opened to first week sales of 1,036,845 and over $19 million in revenue. Total sales stand at over 2.6 million units and over $45 million in revenue.[17] A two-disc Blu-ray 3D set which includes a stereoscopic 3D on the first disc and an anaglyph 3D image was released in 2011.

text: Other media[edit]

text: The website for Coraline involves an interactive exploration game where the player can scroll through Coraline's world. It won the 2009 Webby Award for "Best Use of Animation or Motion Graphics," both by the people and the Webby organization. It was also nominated for the Webby "Movie and Film" category.[18] On June 16, 2008, D3 Publisher announced the release of a video game based on the film. It was developed by Papaya Studio for the Wii and PlayStation 2 and by Art Co. for Nintendo DS. It was released on January 27, 2009, close to the film's theatrical release.[19] The soundtrack was released digitally February 3, 2009, by E1 Music, and in stores on February 24, 2009.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: According to Paul Dergarabedian, a film business analyst with Media by Numbers, for the film to succeed it needed a box office comparable to Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, which grossed $16 million its opening weekend and ended up making more than $192 million worldwide; prior to the film's release, Dergarabedian thought Laika "should be really pleased" if it made close to $10 million on its opening weekend.[12] In its US opening weekend, the film made $16.85 million, ranking third at the box office.[6] It made $15 million on its second weekend, bringing its U.S. total up to $35.6 million, $25.5 million of which coming from 3D presentations.[20] As of November 2009, the film had grossed $75,286,229 in the United States and Canada and $49,310,169 in other territories, making a total of $124,596,398 worldwide.[3]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Coraline received critical acclaim. As of March 2016, the film has a 90% "Certified Fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes,[21] and an 80 out of 100 at Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[22] David Edelstein said the film is "a bona fide fairy tale" that needed a "touch less entrancement and a touch more ... story".[23] A. O. Scott of The New York Times called the film "exquisitely realized" with a "slower pace and a more contemplative tone than the novel. It is certainly exciting, but rather than race through ever noisier set pieces toward a hectic climax in the manner of so much animation aimed at kids, Coraline lingers in an atmosphere that is creepy, wonderfully strange and full of feeling."[24]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Awards

Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Outcome

Academy Awards
Best Animated Feature
Henry Selick
Nominated

American Film Institute Awards
Best 10 Movies

Won

Annie Awards

Best Animated Feature

Nominated

Best Directing in a Feature Production
Henry Selick
Nominated

Best Voice Acting in a Feature Production
Dawn French
Nominated

Best Music in an Animated Feature Production
Bruno Coulais
Won

Best Character Animation in a Feature Production
Travis Knight
Nominated

Best Character Design in a Feature Production
Shane Prigmore; Shannon Tindle
Won

Best Production Design in a Feature Production
Christopher Appelhans; Tadahiro Uesugi
Won

Best Storyboarding in a Feature Production
Chris Butler
Nominated

Annecy International Animated Film Festival
Best Feature – Tied

Won

Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
Best Animated Feature

Nominated

BAFTA Awards
Best Animated Film

Nominated

BAFTA Children’s Award
Best Feature Film

Won

Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
Best Animated Feature

Nominated

Cinema Audio Society Awards

Lifetime Achievement
Henry Selick
Won

Career Achievement (sound designer/re-recording mixer)
Randy Thom
Won

EDA [Alliance of Women Film Journalists] Award

Best Animated Female ([the character of] Coraline)

Won

Best Animated Film

Nominated

Golden Globe Awards
Best Animated Feature Film

Nominated

Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards
Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR Animation in a Feature Film

Nominated

Online Film Critics Society Awards
Best Animated Film

Nominated

People's Choice Awards
Best Animated 3D Movie of 2009

Nominated

Producers Guild of America Awards
Producer of the Year in Animated Motion Picture

Nominated

San Francisco Film Critics Circle Awards
Best Animated Feature

Won

St. Louis Film Critics Awards
Best Animated Film

Nominated

Visual Effects Society Awards

Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Claire Jennings, Henry Selick
Nominated

Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Coraline – Lead Animators Travis Knight and Trey Thomas
Nominated

Outstanding Effects Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
John Allan Armstrong, Richard Kent Burton, Craig Dowsett
Nominated

Outstanding Models and Miniatures in a Feature Motion Picture
Deborah Cook, Matthew DeLeu, Paul Mack, Martin Meunier
Nominated

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
Best Animated Film

Nominated


document_title: List of California hurricanes

question_text: when was the last time a hurricane hit los angeles

root

text: List of California hurricanes

text: An improbable event[edit]

text: There are two reasons why tropical cyclones rarely strike California: sea surface temperatures, and the usual upper level steering winds in the eastern Pacific, with sea surface temperatures being more important.

tag: p

text: Tropical cyclones usually require very warm water to depth, generally above 26.5 °C (80 °F) extending to a depth of 50 meters (160 ft).[3] However, the waters off California are cold even in summer. They rarely rise above 24 °C (75 °F) in near-shore southern California,[4] and usually remain below 17 °C (63 °F) along most of the rest of the coast and outer coastal waters, although El Niño events may warm the waters somewhat. This is due primarily to the extensive upwelling of colder sub-surface waters caused by the prevailing northwesterly winds acting through the Ekman Effect. The winds drive surface water to the right of the wind flow, that is offshore, which draws water up from below to replace it. The upwelling further cools the already cool California Current which runs north to south along coastal California and even much of coastal Baja California. This is the same mechanism which produces coastal California's characteristic fog.

text: The second reason is the general path of tropical cyclones in the eastern Pacific. They generally move north-westward or westward due to steering by the prevailing upper level winds, which takes them far out to sea and away from land.[4]

text: These factors make eastern Pacific landfalls improbable north of about central Baja California. In those instances when upper level steering winds do allow a more northerly path, much cooler sea surface temperatures quickly weaken tropical cyclones that approach California, although torrential rainfall can still occur. For example, the September 24-hour rainfall record for Los Angeles is held by the 1939 Long Beach Tropical Storm, as of January 2007.[5]

text: List of cyclones[edit]

text: Hurricanes that affect California are mainly the remnants of hurricanes or tropical storms. In the twentieth century, only four eastern Pacific tropical cyclones have brought tropical storm-force winds to the Continental United States: the 1939 Long Beach Tropical Storm, Tropical Storm Joanne in 1972, Tropical Storm Kathleen in 1976, and Tropical Storm Nora in 1997.[6]

text:
After October 1854: A system considered to be a tropical cyclone made landfall over northern California, just north of the Golden Gate.[7]
October 2, 1858: The 1858 San Diego hurricane approached very close to southern California. It brought several hours of hurricane and gale-force winds to an area stretching from San Diego to Los Angeles. This storm was reconstructed as just missing making landfall, dissipating offshore.[6]
Sometime before October 14, 1858: Since this tropical cyclone is reported in a newspaper as being only "one of the most terrific and violent hurricanes ever noted", the report may imply the existence of an earlier hurricane in southern California.[6] Other than occurring before the newspaper account was published (October 18, 1858), everything else about this "hurricane", including whether it even existed, is unknown.[6]
Before June or after October 1859: A system considered to be a tropical cyclone made landfall between Cape Mendocino and San Francisco Bay.[7]
August 11–12, 1873: Rain from a tropical storm fell on San Diego. The rain on August 12 set a record for wettest August day.[8]
July 20–21, 1902: The remnants of a hurricane brought rain to southern California.[9]
August 18–19, 1906: A tropical cyclone moved northward from the Gulf of California, and brought rain to southern California.[9]
September 15, 1910: The remnants of a hurricane brought rain to Santa Barbara County.[9]
August 26, 1915: The remnants of a tropical cyclone brought around an inch of rain to Riverside.[9]
September 11–12, 1918: The remnants of a tropical cyclone produced six inches (150 mm) of rain to the mountains of southern California.[9]
August 20–21, 1921: A tropical cyclone moved north from Baja California and into Arizona, producing rain in both southern California and Arizona.[9]
September 30, 1921: The remnants of a tropical cyclone moved northward from Baja California, and brought rain to Arizona and parts of California.[9]
September 18, 1929: A tropical cyclone in the Pacific Ocean dropped rain over southern California.[9]

tag: ul

text:
September 28–October 1, 1932: The remnants of a hurricane brought four days of rain. Flash floods killed 15 people.[9]
August 25, 1935: A tropical cyclone moved northward from the south, and brought rain to southern California and parts of Arizona.[9]
August 9, 1936: A hurricane's remnants moved north and brought heavy rains to the Los Angeles area.[9]
September 4–7, 1939: The remnants of a hurricane brought over a year's worth of rain to parts of southern California.[9]
September 11–12, 1939: The remnants of a hurricane from the Gulf of California brought rain to parts of California.[9]
September 19–21, 1939: The remnants of a tropical cyclone brought rain to California.[9]
September 25, 1939: The 1939 California tropical storm made landfall near Long Beach.[9] Winds were near 80 km/h (50 mph) and rain was near 12 inches (300 mm). At sea, 48 people were killed. On land, 45 were killed in flooding, although these deaths may be partially attributable to a nasty thunderstorm immediately preceding the tropical storm.[5] This is the only known landfall in California by a tropical cyclone at tropical storm strength, during the twentieth century.[9]

text:
September 1941: Moisture from a hurricane brought rain to California.[9]
September 9–10, 1945: The remnants of a tropical cyclone moved northward and brought rain to southern California.[9]
September 30–October 1, 1946: The remnants of a tropical storm brought several inches of rain to California.[9]

text:
August 27–29, 1951: The remnants of a tropical cyclone brought enough rain to wash out some roads in southern California.[9]
September 19–21, 1952: The remnants of a hurricane brought rain to mountains in southern California.[9]
July 17–19, 1954: The remnants of a hurricane moved into Arizona, bringing rain to the state and parts of California.[9]
October 1–6, 1958: The remnants of a hurricane moved into Arizona, causing heavy rain in that state and in parts of California.[9]
September 11, 1959: The remnants of a hurricane generated some rain over California.[9]

text:
September 9–10, 1960: The remnants of Hurricane Estelle generated rain over California.[9]
September 17–19, 1963: Tropical Storm Jen-Kath[10] dissipated over northern Baja California, and dropped several inches of rain over California.[9]
September 4–5, 1965: Hurricane Emily's remnants brought rainfall to California.[9]

text:
September 30–October 1, 1971: Atlantic Hurricane Irene crossed Central America and became Hurricane Olivia. Olivia eventually re-curved and made landfall in Baja California, with the remnants bringing rain to California.[9]
September 3, 1972: Tropical Depression Hyacinth made landfall in California[11] and produced rain in the area of Los Angeles.[9]
October 6, 1972: Hurricane Joanne made landfall in Mexico and managed to bring gale-force winds and rain to Arizona, as well as California.[9]
September 9–12, 1976: Hurricane Kathleen crossed the Baja California peninsula moved into California as a tropical storm. Yuma, Arizona reported sustained winds of 91 km/h (57 mph).[9] Rains from Kathleen caused catastrophic damage to Ocotillo, California and killed three[9] to six people.[12]
August 18–19, 1977: Hurricane Doreen denegerated into a remnant low off the coast of California.[9] The remnants moved inland and caused flooding and crop damage as 7.01 inches (178 mm) of rain fell on Yuma Valley, Arizona.[13]
October 6–7, 1977: Hurricane Heather's remnants moved into Arizona, bringing 8.30 inches (211 mm) of rain to Nogales, Arizona and up to 14 inches (360 mm) of rainfall to the adjacent mountains. The remnants also brought significant rainfall to southern California. This led to significant flooding in both states.[14]
September 5–6, 1978: Tropical Depression Norman made landfall in California.[15] Its remnants produced several inches of rain.[9]

text:
June 29–30, 1980: Hurricane Celia's remnants produced a minor amount of rain over California.[9]
September 17–18, 1982: Remnants from Hurricane Norman generated rain over Arizona and southern California.[9]
September 24–26, 1982: The remnants of Hurricane Olivia produced over 7 inches (177 mm) of rain in California.[9]
September 20–21, 1983: The remnants of Hurricane Manuel produced rain in California.[9]
October 7, 1983: The very weak remnants of Hurricane Priscilla caused showers in southern California.[9]
September 10–11, 1984: Hurricane Marie's weak remnants generated showers over southern California.[9]
September 22–23, 1987: The remnants of Hurricane Norma generated thunderstorms over southern California, which caused some flooding.[16]
October 5–12, 1987: Weather associated with Hurricane Ramon caused moderate to heavy rain in southern California. The highest amount noted was 2.14 inches (54 mm) at Camp Pendleton.[16]
September 1989: Hurricane Octave's remnants brought rain to California, doing minimal damage.[17]

text:
June 1990: The remnants of Hurricane Boris briefly caused heavy rainfall in southern California. This was one of the reasons why it was the wettest June in San Diego, since record-keeping began in 1850.[18] Despite this, less than an inch (25 mm) of rain fell in most locations.[19]
July 1992: The remnants of Hurricane Darby caused cloudiness in California. These clouds were also enough to delay the landing of the Space Shuttle Columbia for a day, and cause it to land in Florida instead of California.[20]
August 1992: Hurricane Lester's remnants caused rain in extreme southern California.[21]
August 5, 1997: Surf from Hurricane Guillermo caused rip currents near Corona Del Mar, and a place just north of Huntington Beach, injuring three people and killing one.[22]
August 19–20, 1997: Tropical Storm Ignacio's remnants produced gusty winds over the outer waters of California, and passed directly over the San Francisco Bay Area, before moving across the interior of the Pacific Northwest. Sporadic moderate to heavy rainfall was recorded in both California and the states of the Pacific Northwest.[23]
September 13–14, 1997: Hurricane Linda was at one point forecast to make landfall in southern California.[24] Instead, it moved out to sea, although large waves caused by Linda did wash five people off a jetty in Newport Beach.[24] Also, Linda's outer rainbands generated thunderstorms over southern California, causing flash floods in some regions.
September 25–26, 1997: After making landfall in Baja California, Hurricane Nora maintained tropical storm status into California and Arizona. Moderate to heavy rains fell across southeast California and Arizona, with a new 24-hour maximum for Arizona  (305 mm (12 inches) falling in the Mogollon Rim). Damage totaled several hundred million, including $40 million (1997 USD) to lemon trees. There were a few indirect deaths caused by the hurricane.[25]

text:
September 2001: Remnant moisture from Hurricane Flossie caused thunderstorms, lightning, and floods in southern California. Lightning struck four people, killing two of them.[26]
September 30, 2001: Thunderstorms from the remnants of Hurricane Juliette caused minor damage to California[27] and brought rain of less than an inch (25 mm) to the area.[13]
August 2003: Remnants of Hurricane Ignacio produced powerful thunderstorms in southern California.
September 2003: Remnants of Hurricane Marty dropped large amounts of rainfall, in the southwestern United States, especially in southern California and southwestern Arizona.
July 2006: Remnants of Tropical Storm Emilia caused unsettled weather across the southwestern United States. Rain from the remnants helped to extinguish the Horse Fire in southern California.[28]
September 2006: Remnants of Hurricane John triggered flash flood watches.[29]
August 26–27, 2007: Remnants of Hurricane Dean made landfall in Santa Barbara area, triggering heavy rains and minor flooding throughout the southern California Area. Early on August 27, the storm eventually reached Las Vegas, Nevada, and caused flash flooding there as well, before dissipating there later in the day.
August 25, 2008: Remnants of Tropical Storm Julio (2008) reached the Apple Valley, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada.
August 27–29, 2009: Remnants of Tropical Storm Ignacio triggered heavy rains across northern and central California.
September 4, 2009: Remnants of Hurricane Jimena caused severe thunderstorms to break out in eastern San Diego County, California, causing flash floods, and a short blackout that lasted for only a few hours.
October 11–15, 2009: The remnants of Typhoon Melor affected California and broke several rainfall records.

text:
July 18–20, 2012: Associated moisture and clouds from the remnants of Hurricane Fabio generated scattered showers and isolated thunderstorms across the Los Angeles Basin.[30]
September 6–7, 2012: Moisture from the remnants of Tropical Storm John brought scattered showers and thunderstorms to California.[31]
August 25–26, 2013: Moisture from the remnants of Tropical Storm Ivo caused some thunderstorms and flooding in southern California.[32]
September 3, 2013: Moisture from the remnants of Hurricane Kiko fueled a monsoon across the Southwestern United States, producing scattered showers and thunderstorms across the region.[33]
August 26–29, 2014: Large swells from Hurricane Marie caused high waves and rip currents.[34]
September 8, 2014: The remnants of Hurricane Norbert caused thunderstorms and flooding in Southern California.[35]
September 16–17, 2014: Hurricane Odile's outer rainbands bring thunderstorms to parts of Southern California as a tropical storm. The remnants of Hurricane Odile also caused damage across central and eastern San Diego County on September 16, 2014, generating high winds and several uncharacteristically powerful thunderstorms in the region. Wind gusts over 20 knots reportedly uprooting trees, felled branches, cut power lines, crushed several cars, and flipped at least one airplane at Montgomery Field Airport.[36][37] Dry lightning generated by a line of severe thunderstorms in one of the rainbands set fire to a palm tree in San Diego[38] and storm force wind gusts within those severe thunderstorms left 6000 customers without power.[39]
October 6–7, 2014: Hurricane Simon's outer rainbands bring scattered thunderstorms and flash floods to parts of Southern California as a tropical storm, and later as a tropical depression, with a brief rain shower in San Diego County on October 7.
June 9–10, 2015: A low pressure system containing the remnants of Hurricane Blanca brought showers to Southern California on June 9.[40] Some flooding was reported in Santa Barbara County. On June 10, the low pressure system moved north to the San Francisco Bay Area and brought scattered showers there as well. Many rainfall records were broken.[41]
July 18–20, 2015: The remnants of Hurricane Dolores brought scattered showers and thunderstorms throughout Southern California, breaking many rainfall records and causing flooding.[42][43] One such flash flood caused a bridge to collapse which shut down Interstate 10 between Indio and Blythe, effectively shutting off the primary Phoenix-to-Los-Angeles route.[44] The good news was that the rain helped firefighters contain the North Fire within 3 days.
August 6, 2015: Hurricane Guillermo interacted with a longwave trough in the subtropical jet to its northeast to spawn a rare dry-season atmospheric river,[45] which went on to send moisture toward the San Francisco Bay Area, bringing a rare lightning storm to that area that night. Since the storm was dry and hardly brought any rain, the NWS issued a Red Flag Warning for that area.[46]
September 8–15, 2015: The remnants of Hurricane Linda brought localized downpours from Santa Barbara to San Diego, California.[47] On September 15, Los Angeles received 2.39 inches of rain, making it one of the wettest September days since records dating back to 1877,[48] second only to 1939.
On September 3, 2017, moisture associated with Tropical Storm Lidia brought rain to southern California.

text: Climatological statistics[edit]

text: Most tropical cyclones impacting California do so in the month of September. September 1939 was "unprecedented" in having four tropical cyclones impact the state.[49]

text:
Number of recorded storms affecting California, by month of year

Month
Number of storms

January

0

February

0

March

0

April

0

May

0

June

4

July

7

August

17

September

39

October

9

November

0

December

0

tag: table

text:
Number of recorded storms affecting California by decade

Period
Number of storms

Pre-1930

11

1930s

7

1940s

3

1950s

5

1960s

3

1970s

7

1980s

9

1990s

7

2000s

10

2010s

14

text: Deadliest storms[edit]

text: The following is a list of all known tropical cyclone-related deaths in California.

text:
Name
Year
Number of deaths

Unnamed
1939
45–93

Unnamed
1932
15

Kathleen
1976
3–6

Nora
1997
3–4

Flossie
2001
2

Guillermo
1997
1

text: Modern repeats[edit]

text: While rare, tropical cyclones do affect California, occasionally very seriously as far as rainfall is concerned.

text: Damage[edit]

text: A modern repeat of the 1858 storm is estimated to cause damages of hundreds of millions of dollars.[6] A repeat of the 1939 tropical storm would cause around 200 million dollars in damage.[6] The most serious damage would be due to rains rather than winds or storm surge, although distant hurricanes may still create heavy surf,[24] possibly injuring or killing people. Nora caused millions in damage and skirted extreme southeastern California.

text: Preparedness[edit]

text: When Linda was forecast to make landfall, statements about its possible impact were issued by the Oxnard, California office of the National Weather Service. They stressed the uncertainty of a forecast that far in the future.

text: When Nora was threatening, "unprecedented coordination" was required between the NHC and several other agencies. The coordination was "smooth and effective".[25] However, no inland tropical storm warnings were issued for any area in the United States as Nora was approaching from the south.[25]

text: There are seven Pacific Coast breakpoints in the United States. They are, from north to south, Point Piedras Blancas, Point Sal, Point Conception, Point Mugu, the mouth of the San Gabriel River, San Mateo Point, and the mouth of the Tijuana River (although places outside this area can be selected if conditions warrant).[50] Should there be the threat of landfall, warnings or watches would be issued for those sections of coast. It is highly unlikely that any tropical cyclone will threaten areas farther north due to the stronger influence of the California Current.


document_title: Ed, Edd n Eddy

question_text: who voices ed from ed edd and eddy

question_tokens: who voices ed from ed edd and eddy

text: Ed, Edd n Eddy

text: Premise

text: Ed, Edd n Eddy follows the lives of "the Eds," three preteen boys who all share variations of the name Ed, but differ greatly in their personalities: Ed (voiced by Matt Hill) is the strong, dull-witted dogsbody of the group; Edd (Samuel Vincent), better known as Double D, is an inventor, neat freak, and the most intelligent of the Eds; and Eddy (Tony Sampson) is a devious, quick-tempered, bitter con artist, and self-appointed leader of the Eds. The three devise plans to scam the cul-de-sac kids out of their money, which they want to use to buy jawbreakers. However, problems always ensue, and the Eds' schemes usually end in failure and humiliation.

text: The cul-de-sac kids do not include the Eds as part of their group, making the trio outcasts. The group of kids include: Jonny 2×4 (David Paul "Buck" Grove) is a loner whom his peers consider to be a nuisance, and spends most of his time with his imaginary friend, a wooden board named Plank; Jimmy (Keenan Christensen) is a weak, insecure, and accident-prone child, who is most often seen spending his time with Sarah (Janyse Jaud), Ed's spoiled and ill-tempered younger sister; Rolf (Peter Kelamis) is an immigrant, who often participates in unconventional customs; Kevin (Kathleen Barr) is a cynical and sardonic jock who detests the Eds, particularly Eddy; Nazz (Tabitha St. Germain; Jenn Forgie; Erin Fitzgerald), usually seen with Kevin, is a stereotypical dumb blonde and an unattainable love interest for the cul-de-sac kids. All of the cul-de-sac kids share a common fear of the Kanker Sisters, Lee (Janyse Jaud), May (Erin Fitzgerald; Jenn Forgie), and Marie (Kathleen Barr), three teenage girls who live in a nearby trailer park and are in love with the Eds.

text: Aside from the Eds, the other cul-de-sac kids, and the Kanker Sisters, no other characters appeared in the series until the fifth season, when the silhouettes of other people were occasionally shown, and in one episode the arms of Eddy's father and Ed's mother were seen. In the series finale, Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, Eddy's adult brother (Terry Klassen) was seen for the first time, making him the only non-main character, and the only adult character to ever fully appear on the show.

text: The series takes place mostly within the fictional town of Peach Creek, and new locations were rarely introduced. The first four seasons of the show are set during a seemingly endless summer vacation, though from the fifth season onwards, the characters are shown attending junior high school in the fall and winter months.

text: Production

text: Development

text: Although cartoonist Danny Antonucci began his career by working as an animator on various children's series for Hanna-Barbera, his later solo works were edgy and aimed at adult audiences. He gained notoriety with the 1987 short film Lupo the Butcher and then, after founding his own production studio, a.k.a. Cartoon in 1994, created the series The Brothers Grunt for MTV. It was quickly cancelled, however, upon being met with generally poor reviews.[2][3]

text: On a dare, Antonucci then decided that he would try producing a children's animated series of his own. While designing a commercial, he ended up drawing three characters that he felt particularly pleased with. Growing excited over their potential, he named them Ed, Edd, and Eddy and spent the following months developing a show around them.[4] He faxed a one-page concept sheet to Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon in 1996.[4][5] Both studios quickly responded, Cartoon Network in only 20 minutes, and were enthusiastic and wanted to see more; they each demanded creative control, however, and Antonucci refused.[2] After Cartoon Network agreed to let Antonucci have control of the show, conversations between Antonucci and the studio continued.[2]

text: Vice president of programming and production of Cartoon Network, Mike Lazzo, showed high interest in the series and requested a show bible, which came through by fax, a few pages at a time, over a period of the next few months.[5] After an affirmative response from Cartoon Network president Betty Cohen, the legal paperwork and deal-making began, followed by a start-up meeting at the Chateau Marmont Hotel in Los Angeles. A deal was made that Antonucci's studio, a.k.a. Cartoon, would produce Ed, Edd n Eddy, the first Cartoon Network original series to be produced by an outside production company rather than Cartoon Network's Hanna-Barbera. The series also entered production and bypassed a seven-minute short; this marked the first time that one of the studio's original series had ever done this.[5]

text: According to Antonucci, he based the characters on real people in his life. The personalities of Ed, Double D, and Eddy are based on his own traits as well as the activities of his two sons, while the cul-de-sac children and the Kanker sisters were all based on children he grew up with.[6] Rolf is based on Antonucci and his cousins, since he was part of an Italian immigrant family, and grew up in a first generation foreign household with different customs and ways of living, compared to those born in Canada.[6]

text: Rolf is me and all of my cousins. My parents were right off the boat so I grew up playing to two worlds, the modern world and the 1950s Italian world. My parents like Rolf's lived — still live in the past, with strong traditions and strange cooking and having a hard time assimilating to modern life.[7]

text: Jimmy is based on one of his cousins, who was rather feminine and spent most of his time playing with girls rather than with boys.[4] Jonny and Plank are inspired by one of Antonucci's childhood friends, a loner who spent most of his time outside with his blanket.[4] He stated that he believed it was important to add Plank, a board of wood, to the show, and that he "thought it would be really cool to do the show with Plank taking on a character of his own" and to cause Jonny to do things he would usually never do.[6] Some wanted Plank to be able to talk, smile and blink as if he was alive, but Antonucci insisted that it should be treated as a piece of wood, brought to life by Jonny's imagination.[4]

text: Casting

text: Matt Hill, Samuel Vincent, and Tony Sampson were respectively cast as Ed, Double D, and Eddy. David Paul "Buck" Grove and Keenan Christensen played the parts of Jonny 2×4 and Jimmy, respectively, while Sarah was voiced by Janyse Jaud. Peter Kelamis voiced Rolf, while Kathleen Barr was cast as Kevin. Nazz was voiced by Tabitha St. Germain in season 1, Jenn Forgie in season 3 and Erin Fitzgerald in seasons 2, 4, 5 and 6. Fitzgerald also played the part of May, one of the Kanker Sisters, except in season 3 when she was voiced by Jenn Forgie. The other two Kanker sisters, Marie and Lee, were voiced by Kathleen Barr and Janyse Jaud. Eddy's adult brother is mentioned frequently throughout the series but does not appear until Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, where he is voiced by series voice director Terry Klassen.[8]

text: Animation

text: Antonucci, an advocate of hand-drawn animation, wanted to ensure Ed, Edd n Eddy was produced in a way similar to cartoons from the 1940s to 1970s. As a result, the series was the last to use cel animation; the cels were shipped to Korea for creating the initial animation, and then later edited back at Antonucci's a.k.a. Cartoon studio.[2] The first four seasons were produced traditionally, though the series was forced to switch to digital ink and paint in 2004, starting with Ed, Edd n Eddy's Jingle Jingle Jangle.

text: To give the impression of movement, Ed, Edd n Eddy uses "boiling lines" or shimmering outlines which Antonucci likens it to cartoons of the 1930s.[2] IGN has compared to Squigglevision,[9] and Animation World Magazine wrote that the way the line varies and shakes gives the animation a distinctive and spontaneous feeling, as if it were drawn by children.[10] The boiling line is created by tracing off a drawing three times through sheets of paper.[4] Antonucci explained that he felt it "helps keep the characters alive" and that he wanted to depart from other Cartoon Network series and pay homage to the classic cartoon era.[2][4]

text: All the children have multicolored tongues; Antonucci said that the idea came after he saw his son and his friends with different-colored tongues because of eating different candy while he was working on a storyboard.[4] The characters went through a number of "walking cycles," a process used to determine how each character should walk or run, turn around, blink, etc. before the crew came up with the final product.[4]

text: Music and title sequence

text: Antonucci showed the theme song to the studios when first pitching the series, thinking it would be better than only looking at drawings.[4] It was inspired by the Bob Crosby and The Big Cats song "Big Noise from Winnetka," which was whistled, something Antonucci enjoyed doing as a child.[4] Composed by Patric Caird, who created all the music in the series, Antonucci performed the whistling himself.[4] The theme song was featured on the compilation album Cartoon Medley.[11] The title sequence was created by Paul Boyd.[12]

text: Broadcast

text: Although Ed, Edd n Eddy was originally set to premiere on November 7, 1998,[13] the pilot, "The Ed-touchables / Nagged to Ed," aired on January 4, 1999, as the sixth Cartoon Cartoon, due to minor post-production delays.[14] During the series' original run, episodes often aired as a part of Cartoon Network's weekly programming block "Cartoon Cartoon Fridays."[15]

text: Cartoon Network ran several marathons for either commercial promotions or special airings of one of their shows. The eight-hour "Boy Girl, Boy Girl" marathon ran on March 7, 1999, airing episodes of Ed, Edd n Eddy and The Powerpuff Girls, which had been Cartoon Network's two newest series at the time.[16][17] Later that year, Ed, Edd n Eddy was featured with other original Cartoon Network series in the third annual "Cartoon Cartoon Weekend," a fifty-three-hour marathon, which ran from August 20 to August 22.[18] In 2002, the show was included in the similar "Cartoon Cartoon Marathon Weekend," which ran from August 23 to August 25.[19] The six-hour "Ed's Day Off Marathon" aired 22 episodes on January 19, 2004, in celebration of Martin Luther King, Jr. Day.[20]

text: "The Best Day Edder," in which every episode was shown in chronological order, ran from April 27 to April 28, 2007, and ended with the previously unbroadcast season five finale, which was promoted as the "final episode ever."[21] However, it was quickly followed by "The Eds are Coming" in the next month, as part of a special alien-themed event called "Cartoon Network Invaded."[22] As of May 2, 2007, "The Best Day Edder" provided Cartoon Network their best ratings of the year.[23] A seven-hour Sunday marathon, which ran before the premiere of Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, posted double-digit delivery gains among children ages 9–14 (up 14%), boys ages 9–14 (up 16%) and girls ages 6–11 (up 17%), compared to the same time frame last year, highlighting the network's weekend performance.[24]

text: The series' fourth season was originally ordered as the last, but two additional seasons and four specials, including a movie, were ordered as a result of the series' popularity.[9][25] The series' finale movie, Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, aired on November 8, 2009, officially ending the series.[26]

text: Episodes

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
13
January 4, 1999
June 11, 1999

2
13
November 26, 1999
December 22, 2000

3
13
April 6, 2001
July 12, 2002

4
13
September 27, 2002
November 5, 2004

5
12
November 4, 2005
April 28, 2007

6
1
June 29, 2008

Specials
4
December 3, 2004
May 11, 2007

Television film
November 8, 2009

text: Specials

text: Along with an additional fifth and sixth season, Cartoon Network ordered three holiday specials that originally aired in 2004 and 2005.[25] "Ed, Edd n Eddy's Jingle Jingle Jangle," the first, is a Christmas special aired on December 3, 2004.[27] Valentine's Day's "Ed, Edd n Eddy's Hanky Panky Hullabaloo" originally aired on February 11, 2005.[28] The final, Halloween special, "Ed, Edd n Eddy's Boo Haw Haw" aired on October 28, 2005.[29] Antonucci stated that "Boo Haw Haw" was one of his favorite Ed, Edd n Eddy episodes that he worked on.[7] On May 11, 2007, a fourth special, "The Eds are Coming, the Eds are Coming" aired; however, it was not a holiday special, but an adjunct to other Cartoon Network series Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, My Gym Partner's a Monkey, Camp Lazlo, and The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy in the alien-themed mini-series Cartoon Network Invaded that aired all five specials from May 4 to May 28, 2007.[22]

text: Appearances in other series or works

text: Besides their own series, Ed, Double D, and Eddy have also appeared in other cartoon series. They appeared in an episode of Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends and were drawn using that series' style of animation,[30] and made a short cameo in "The Grim Adventures of the KND," a crossover of The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy and Codename: Kids Next Door. They also appeared on a small crossover poster during its credits entitled Ed, Edd n Mandy.[31] In 2012, Double D made an appearance in the animated sketch comedy Cartoon Network series Mad episode "Once Upon a Toon."[32]

text: The show was featured in the 2002 edition of Cartoon Network's fictional awards program, The 1st 13th Annual Fancy Anvil Awards Show Program Special: Live in Stereo. It won Best Performance by an Inanimate Object in a Dramatic Role for the character of Plank, and Best Performance by a Team in a Cartoon Series for the characters of Ed, Double D, and Eddy. The character of Sarah was nominated for Best Performance by a Female in a Cartoon Series, but lost to Bubbles from The Powerpuff Girls.[33]

text: In 2004, the Eds appeared in a short series of basketball commercials with NBA All-Star Steve Francis.[34] Ed appeared in the "Cartoon Network Elections 2004" with Grim from The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy as a team, and they ended up winning, due to the highest number of votes by viewers.[35]

text: Reception, legacy, and achievements

text: Ratings and run length achievements

text: Ed, Edd n Eddy attracted an audience of 31 million households, was broadcast in 120 countries, and was popular among both children and adults.[26][36] According to Cartoon Network executive Linda Simensky, the first season did "remarkably well" in ratings following its premiere, becoming one of the top-rated series on the network.[5] It was Cartoon Network's most popular show among boys ages 2–11.[37] In 2005, it was reported that Ed, Edd n Eddy was the number one rated show on Cartoon Network and was known to 79% of children aged 6–11.[38] The series ran for nearly 11 years, making it the longest-running Cartoon Network original series, and at the time of its finale, the longest running Canadian-produced animated series.[26][39] It is tied with Blue's Clues and Mickey Mouse Clubhouse as the 10th longest-running American animated series.

text: Critical reception

text: Ed, Edd n Eddy received generally positive reviews from critics. David Cornelius of DVD Talk considered the Eds to be child equivalents of The Three Stooges, believing that "the series revels in the sort of frantic, often gross humor kids love so much, and there's just enough oddball insanity at play to make adults giggle just as easily."[40] Cornelius also wrote that the "animation is colorful and intentionally bizarre; bold lines forming the characters and backgrounds wiggle and morph in a delirious haze. This is animation that's, well, really animated."[40]

text: Despite this, not all reception of the show was positive. Terrence Briggs of Animation World Magazine considered every second of the show "filler" and lamented that the main characters are drawn as "products from the school of acid-trip caricature."[41] After Briggs' review was published, a large number of letters supportive of the show were sent to the magazine, prompting it to "take a second look" at the show. Different reviewers then gave it a positive review, calling it a "fresh show with very different approaches."[10]

text: Accolades

text: During its run, Ed, Edd n Eddy was nominated for a Reuben Award, six Leo Awards, an Annie Award, two Kids' Choice Awards and a SOCAN Award, winning the Reuben Award, two Leo Awards and the SOCAN Award. It was ranked seventh on ScrewAttack's "Top Twenty Cartoon Network Shows."[42] Desi Jedeikin of Smosh.com listed Ed, Edd n Eddy on the website's list of "9 Cartoons That Need a Reboot."[43] Complex included Eddy's room on their list of "Movie and TV Characters' Bedrooms You Wished Were Yours,"[44] and ranked Jimmy 14th on their list of "15 Artistic Characters We Miss From Our Childhood."[45] Cracked.com praised the show's high level of violence, stating that it "set the bar on cartoon violence for anything that was played on Cartoon Network, and thus far, none have surpassed them."[46] Bob Higgins, head of creative at Wild Brain, considered Ed, Edd n Eddy to be a "landmark in animation."[47]

text:
Awards and nominations for Ed, Edd n Eddy

Date
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

000000001999-05-08-0000May 8, 1999
Reuben Awards
Best Television Animation[48]
Danny Antonucci
Won

000000002000-05-06-0000May 6, 2000
Leo Awards
Best Director in an Animated Production or Series[49]
Won

000000002001-05-11-0000May 11, 2001
Best Musical Score of an Animation Program or Series[50]
Patric Caird
for "Ed in a Halfshell"
Nominated

000000002001-11-10-0000November 10, 2001
Annie Awards
Outstanding Individual Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production[51]
James Wootton
for "Wish You Were Ed"
Nominated

000000002004-05-08-0000May 8, 2004
Leo Awards
Best Musical Score of an Animation Program or Series[52]
Patric Caird
for "Postcards from the Ed"
Nominated

000000002005-05-27-0000May 27, 2005
Best Musical Score of an Animation Program or Series[53]
Patric Caird
Won

000000002005-04-01-0000April 1, 2005
Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Cartoon[54]
Ed, Edd n Eddy
Nominated

000000002006-05-12-0000May 12, 2006
Leo Awards
Best Musical Score in an Animation Program[55]
Patric Caird
for "Boo Haw Haw"
Nominated

000000002007-06-01-0000June 1, 2007
Best Musical Score in an Animation Program[56]
Patric Caird
for "This Won't Hurt an Ed"
Nominated

000000002008-05-29-0000May 29, 2008
Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Cartoon[57]
Ed, Edd n Eddy
Nominated

000000002009-11-23-0000November 23, 2009
SOCAN Awards
International Television Series Music Award[58]
Patric Caird
Won

text: Other media

text: Shorts

text: Cartoon Network produced short cartoons involving the Eds which were shown during commercial breaks. A short music video was produced with stylized versions of Ed, Edd, Eddy and Sarah, entitled "The Incredible Shrinking Day" (listed on the Season 2 DVD as "I'm Not Coming in Anymore"),[4] which aired on Cartoon Network in 2002 and 2003. In the video, Sarah uses a potion to shrink the Eds to a size capable of playing in her dollhouse, with predictable results.[59] Plank starred in a similar video called "My Best Friend Plank," which aired in 2002.[60]

text: Film

text: The made-for-TV movie Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show served as the series' finale and premiered in the United States on November 8, 2009; although it had completed production a year earlier and first aired in Scandinavia, Australia, and Southeast Asia.[61][62] The plot focuses on the Eds' search for Eddy's Brother, a character mentioned several times throughout the series, but never seen until the film. He is voiced by series voice director Terry Klassen.[8][63] The film was directed by Antonucci, who also co-wrote the script with Rachel Connor, Jono Howard, Mike Kubat, and Stacy Warnick.[63] The story was written by Joel Dickie, Steve Garcia, Jim Miller, Raven Molisee, and Scott Underwood,[8] while the score was written by series composer Patric Caird.[63] The film achieved huge ratings success for Cartoon Network with high delivery gains.[24][26][62]

text: Publications

text: Ed, Edd n Eddy was regularly featured in DC Comics' Cartoon Network Block Party (originally Cartoon Cartoons, the collective name of original Cartoon Network series from 1995 to 2003) comic books, along with other Cartoon Network series.[64] Two books based on the series have been released, both published by Scholastic Inc. in 2005: Ed, Edd n Eddy: Lots of Laughs, written by Jesse Leon McCann,[65] and Ed, Edd n Eddy: Book of Extreme Excuses, written by Howie Dewin.[66]

text: Video games

text: Four video games based on the series have been produced. Ed, Edd n Eddy: Jawbreakers! was released on September 15, 2003, for the Game Boy Advance.[67] Ed, Edd n Eddy: Giant Jawbreakers was released on March 4, 2004, for mobile phones.[68] Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures was released in 2005 for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PC.[69] The most recent game, Ed, Edd n Eddy: Scam of the Century, was released for the Nintendo DS on October 26, 2007.[70] The games were met with generally mixed reception.[71][72][73][74]

text: Characters and locations from the show appear in other Cartoon Network video games, including 2003's Cartoon Network: Block Party and Cartoon Network Speedway.[75][76] All three main characters, and the Kanker sisters, appear as non-playable "Nano" characters in the massively multiplayer online game Cartoon Network Universe: FusionFall.[77][78]

text: Merchandise

text: The first two seasons of Ed, Edd n Eddy were released as DVD box sets by Warner Home Video and Madman Entertainment in 2006 and 2007. The Fools' Par-Ed-Ise DVD, the box sets of the first two seasons, and several Ed, Edd n Eddy T-shirts are available for purchase on the Cartoon Network Shop.[79] Selected episodes from the series were also featured on various Cartoon Network compilation DVDs.[80] All five seasons of the series, as well as Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, are available for download on the iTunes Store.[81] The first four seasons are available on Netflix. The third season can be downloaded at Google Play and Amazon. The Eds and Sarah have been free toys in children's meals for Subway.[82] In the United Kingdom the character of Eddy was given away in Kelloggs cereal boxes as one of the Cartoon Network Wobble Heads in 2003 .[83]

text:
DVD release date history for Ed, Edd n Eddy

Title
Episodes
Release date
Description

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

Edifying Ed-Ventures
6
May 10, 2005[84]
May 15, 2006[85]
N/A
Contains the episodes "Sir Ed-a-Lot," "Who, What, Where, Ed," "Avast Ye Eds," "Know-It-All Ed," "Mirror, Mirror, on the Ed," and "Hot Buttered Ed." Bonus features include "Club Ed: The Rules and Regulations," "My Best Friend Plank" music video, "Plank's Perspective," and The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy episode "Nursery Crimes."

Fools' Par-Ed-Ise
6
March 21, 2006[86]
N/A
N/A
Contains the episodes "If It Smells Like an Ed," "Take This Ed and Shove It," "One Size Fits Ed," "A Case of Ed," "Here's Mud in Your Ed," and "Fool on the Ed." Bonus features include a studio tour, "The Plank Family Players," and a behind-the-scenes look at Ed, Edd n Eddy: The Mis-Edventures.

The Complete First Season
26
October 10, 2006[87]
N/A
July 18, 2007[88]
Contains all 26 episodes from the first season. Bonus features include an interview with the creator, "How to make an Ed, Edd n Eddy cartoon," "How to Draw Eddy," and a Cartoon Network commercial bumper featuring Jimmy and Plank.

The Complete Second Season
26
April 24, 2007[89]
N/A
N/A
Contains all 26 episodes from the second season. Bonus features include "Behind the Eds," "The Incredible Shrinking Day" music video, and "How to Draw Ed."

text: In other languages

text:
Spanish: Ed, Edd y Eddy
French: Ed, Edd et Eddy
Italian: Ed, Edd & Eddy
Portuguese: Du, Dudu & Edu


document_title: Rock Star (2001 film)

question_text: who did mark wahlberg's vocals in rockstar

question_tokens: who did mark wahlberg 's vocals in rockstar

text: Rock Star (2001 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the mid-1980s, Chris Cole (Mark Wahlberg) is a Pittsburgh fanatical admirer of a heavy metal band called Steel Dragon. By day, Chris is a photocopier technician and by night, he is the lead singer of a Steel Dragon tribute band called Blood Pollution (the name is taken from a Steel Dragon song).

text: Internal struggles among the actual Steel Dragon band members culminate with the firing of their lead singer, Bobby Beers (Jason Flemyng), and the beginning of recruitment sessions to find a new vocalist. Chris experiences his own strife with his Blood Pollution bandmates, particularly guitarist Rob Malcolm (Timothy Olyphant). During a live performance, Rob's playing fails to live up to Chris' over-demanding standards regarding note-for-note accuracy to the original Steel Dragon recordings, and Chris sabotages Rob's amplifier mid-song – a fight breaks out between the two onstage. The next day, Chris meets Blood Pollution at a rehearsal session, but he finds out that he has been replaced with his arch-rival, the (now former) lead singer of another Steel Dragon tribute band. Rob also cites Chris' inability to create his own musical style, preferring to remain the singer in a tribute band.

text: One day, Chris receives an unexpected phone call from Steel Dragon's founder and rhythm guitarist, Kirk Cuddy (Dominic West), and is offered an audition for the band (thanks to two of Blood Pollution's groupies, who showed Kirk a videotape of one of Blood Pollution's concerts). After hanging up on Kirk once, thinking he's being pranked by Rob, Chris ecstatically agrees. At the studio, he meets the band, as well as learning that Bobby Beers was fired because he was a closeted homosexual, and gives an outstanding performance of "We All Die Young" (a Steel Dragon song in the movie, but it is actually a song by Steelheart, whose lead vocalist Miljenko Matijevic provides Cole's singing voice for the film). Chris joins the band as their new singer, adopting the stage name "Izzy". Following a successful debut concert with Steel Dragon, Izzy must come to grips with the pressures of his new-found fame and success. The band embarks on a lengthy tour and Izzy experiences the excesses of the lifestyle, with the group's manager, Mats (Timothy Spall), serving as a sympathetic mentor to Izzy.

text: His new lifestyle impacts his life both for better and worse, particularly with his relationship with his supportive girlfriend, Emily Poule (Jennifer Aniston), when she decides not to continue with him throughout the remainder of the tour as a rock star girlfriend, though Emily and Izzy agree to get back together when the tour reaches Seattle. Eventually, Steel Dragon stops in Seattle for a show, and Emily arrives at his hotel room as they had previously arranged, although Izzy had become so inebriated while on tour he forgot about the arrangement and did not even know what city he was in. Although taken aback by all the groupies, Emily still tries to reconnect with him, reminding him of their plans to meet up once he got to Seattle, however he is too intoxicated to really understand what she is saying, eventually suggesting they go to Seattle together. Heartbroken with his inconsiderate behavior, intoxication and the fact that he is sleeping with so many groupies, Emily leaves him.

text: After the end of the tour, Izzy reports to the next series of Steel Dragon recording sessions with song concepts and artwork for the band's next album. The rest of the band rejects Izzy's ideas, with Kirk explaining that the band has to stay true to the "Steel Dragon thing" to fulfill fan expectations. Izzy is angered upon realizing that he was only recruited for his vocal abilities. After a heartfelt conversation with Mats about how he feared he had no control over the direction life has taken him, Izzy begins to reconsider his rock star lifestyle. On the next tour, in a scene directly paralleling one near the beginning of the film with their roles reversed, Izzy hears a fan (Myles Kennedy) singing along with him toward the end of a live concert. Impressed, Izzy pulls the fan, who introduces himself as Thor, onstage and hands him the microphone to finish the concert. Backstage, Izzy realizes that what he wanted for so long was not what he thought, and he says goodbye to Mats, departing from the band while doing so.

text: Upon ditching his stage name, Izzy, Chris makes his way to Seattle and starts a new band with his old friend and former bandmate Rob. At the same time Steel Dragon, failing to evolve to the changing tastes and styles of the 1990s, has its fame fizzle out. Chris finds Emily working in the coffee shop she and her roommate purchased a few years earlier, but is initially too ashamed to speak to her. While walking one evening, Emily sees a flyer for his band posted on the wall and takes it down. In the final scene, Chris is singing with his band in a bar and Emily walks in. Chris leaves the stage and speaks to her. They reconcile, ending the film with a kiss and the final note of Chris' first original song "Colorful" (which is actually a song by The Verve Pipe).

text: During the credits, Cuddy talks about the future of the band and Beers is shown to have taken up Irish Dancing after leaving Steel Dragon.

text: Cast[edit]

text: The band members are portrayed by ex-Dokken and current Foreigner bassist Jeff Pilson, Black Label Society founder & Ozzy Osbourne guitarist Zakk Wylde, actor Dominic West, and ex-Foreigner and Black Country Communion drummer Jason Bonham (the son of the late John Bonham, drummer for Led Zeppelin). Myles Kennedy, who was at the time the lead vocalist of The Mayfield Four and now the frontman of Alter Bridge and Slash's solo project, makes a cameo appearance.

text: The singing voice for Wahlberg's character was provided by Steelheart frontman Miljenko Matijevic for the Steel Dragon Songs, the final number was dubbed by Brian Vander Ark. Jeff Scott Soto (of Talisman, Yngwie Malmsteen, Soul SirkUS, and Journey) provided the voice of the singer Wahlberg's character replaces. Kennedy is the only actor whose actual voice is used.[citation needed]. Ralph Saenz (Steel Panther) also appears briefly, as the singer auditioning ahead of Chris at the studio.

text: Blood Pollution (Chris Cole's former band and a Steel Dragon tribute band) is also made up of known musical artists, including guitarist Nick Catanese (Black Label Society), drummer Blas Elias (Slaughter), and bassist Brian Vander Ark (The Verve Pipe, who also contributed a song to the film's soundtrack). Actor Timothy Olyphant portrays Blood Pollution's guitarist, Rob Malcolm. Bradley, the singer who replaces Chris in Blood Pollution, is played by Third Eye Blind frontman Stephan Jenkins.

text:
Blood Pollution

Mark Wahlberg as Chris "Izzy" Cole (Lead vocals)
Jennifer Aniston as Emily Poule (Manager)
Timothy Olyphant as Rob Malcolm (Guitar)
Blas Elias as Donny Johnson (Drums)
Nick Catanese as Xander Cummins (Guitar)
Brian Vander Ark as Ricki Bell (Bass)

Steel Dragon

Jason Flemyng as Bobby Beers (Lead Vocals)
Timothy Spall as Mats (Road Manager)
Dominic West as Kirk Cuddy (Rhythm Guitar)
Jason Bonham as A.C. (Drums)
Zakk Wylde as Ghode (Lead Guitar)
Jeff Pilson as Jörgen (Bass)

Spouses

Kara Zediker as Marci (Rob's girlfriend)
Heidi Mark as Kirk's wife
Rachel Hunter as A.C.'s wife
Carrie Stevens as Ghode's wife
Amy Miller as Jörgen's wife

Others

Dagmara Domińczyk as Tania Asher
Stephan Jenkins as Bradley
Michael Shamus Wiles as Joe Cole Sr
Beth Grant as Tess Cole
Matthew Glave as Joe Cole Jr
Myles Kennedy as Mike / Thor
Ralph Saenz as Ralph
Carey Lessard as Nina
Kristin Richardson as Samantha

text: Production[edit]

text: After The New York Times ran a story on Tim "Ripper" Owens in 1997, various Hollywood studios ran to option the filming rights. Warner Bros. won the bid, and hired John Stockwell to write the script. Stockwell soon began researching the heavy metal music and tribute band scene and visited Owens' hometown of Akron, Ohio.[3] Afterwards the project, under the working title Metal God, got the involvement of George Clooney's newly founded Maysville Pictures.[4] Brad Pitt signed to star in 1998, but wound up dropping the project following creative differences with the studio.[5] Eventually Mark Wahlberg, a former rapper with Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch who co-starred with Clooney in Three Kings, was hired for the main role in May 1999.[6] Stephen Herek signed to direct in October,[7] and the following month Jennifer Aniston became attached for the main female role, while Callie Khouri was hired to revise the script.[8]

text: Wahlberg spent five months preparing for his role as Chris Cole, working with a vocal coach, growing his hair, attending the metal scene and wandering around Los Angeles in-character.[9] A concert scene was shot at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena before 10,000 Metallica and Megadeth fans.[10] While filming one Steel Dragon performance, the crew pranked Wahlberg by playing Marky Mark's "Good Vibrations" instead of a rock track, and footage of this is featured during the film's end credits.[11] By 2001, Warner renamed the project from Metal God to Rock Star in order to attract a broader rock fandom instead of just metal fans.[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film opened at No. 4 at the U.S. box office raking in US$6,018,636 in its opening weekend,[13] and grossing a domestic total of $17,008,282 and $2,325,863 internationally for a worldwide gross of $19,334,145; based on a $57 million budget, Rock Star was a box office bomb.[14]

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 52% "Rotten" score, with the consensus "Like its title, Rock Star is rather generic, being not so much about the heavy metal scene than about rock cliches and formula".[15] On another aggregator, Metacritic, the film is rated 54 based on 32 reviews.[16]

text: When Judas Priest bassist Ian Hill was asked about his reaction to Rock Star in an interview in PopMatters magazine Hill responded "Well, it was a true work of fiction, you know? When we heard about the production company were going to make a movie based, as far as we knew, about Ripper joining the band we offered our help. We said 'If there's anything you want to know, talk to us at the time.' And certainly our communication was cut off and that was it and they went off on their own tangent." Hill added "I mean, I quite enjoyed the movie. It was entertaining, you know?" Hill was quoted as saying "It had nothing to do with Rob Halford, Ripper Owens and Judas Priest, it's got nothing to do with that, whatsoever. It was fiction. Apart from the fact that 'Local Boy Makes Good'? That was the only true aspect of the movie." Hill was quick to add "I watched it once. I don't have the urge to watch it again."[17]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Rock Star

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
August 28, 2001

Genre
Rock

Label
Priority

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[18]

text: A small number of the songs featured in the film and on the soundtrack were released after the dates given in the film. They are marked with an asterisk.

text:
No.
Title
Artist
Length

1.
"Rock Star" (Art Alexakis)
Everclear
3:30

2.
"Livin' the Life" (Steve Plunkett, Peter Beckett)
Steel Dragon
3:14

3.
"Wild Side*" (Vince Neil, Nikki Sixx, Tommy Lee)
Mötley Crüe
4:34

4.
"We All Die Young" (Miljenko Matijevic, Kenny Kanowski)
Steel Dragon
4:01

5.
"Blood Pollution" (Twiggy Ramirez)
Steel Dragon
3:59

6.
"Livin' on a Prayer*" (Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, Desmond Child)
Bon Jovi
4:08

7.
"Stand Up" (Sammy Hagar)
Steel Dragon
4:18

8.
"Stranglehold" (Ted Nugent)
Ted Nugent
8:23

9.
"Wasted Generation" (Desmond Child, A.Allen (Ajay Popoff), J. Allen (Jeremy Popoff))
Steel Dragon
2:54

10.
"Lick It Up" (Paul Stanley, Vinnie Vincent)
KISS
3:56

11.
"Long Live Rock 'n' Roll" (Ronnie James Dio, Ritchie Blackmore)
Rainbow
3:27

12.
"Devil Inside*" (Andrew Farriss, Michael Hutchence)
INXS
5:13

13.
"Colorful" (Brian Vander Ark)
The Verve Pipe
4:25

14.
"Gotta Have It" (Trevor Rabin)
Trevor Rabin
2:57

Total length:
58:59

text: Partial list of songs that were featured in the movie but did not appear on the soundtrack CD:

text:
AC/DC - "Are You Ready"*
Culture Club - "Karma Chameleon"
Def Leppard - "Let's Get Rocked"*
Def Leppard - "Rock! Rock! (Till You Drop)"
Foghat - "Chateau Lafitte '59 Boogie"
Frankie Goes to Hollywood - "Relax"
Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch - "Good Vibrations"
Ralph Saenz, Peter Beckett, and Steve Plunkett - "California Girls" (The Beach Boys cover)
Talking Heads - "Once in a Lifetime"
Steel Dragon - "Reckless" (Phoenix Down cover)


document_title: Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)

question_text: who are the two leaders of the opposition in manitoba

text: Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)

text: A list of parliamentary opposition leaders in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, upCanada, from 1870 to the present.

text: William Alexander Macdonald was the first officially recognized Leader of the Opposition in Manitoba although Rodmond Roblin is considered to have been the de facto opposition leader from 1890 until he lost his seat in the 1892 provincial election.

text: Note: This list is incomplete; there are gaps between some leaders.

text:
Name
Party
Took Office
Left Office

William Alexander Macdonald [1]
Conservative
1892
1893

John Andrew Davidson [2]
Conservative
1893
1894

James Fisher[3]
Independent
1894
1896

 .
Rodmond Roblin [4]
Conservative
1896
1900

Thomas Greenway
Liberal
1900
1904

Charles Mickle[5]
Liberal
1904
1906

Charles Mickle
Liberal
1908
1909

Tobias Norris
Liberal
1910
1915

Albert Prefontaine
Conservative
1915
1920

Unknown[6]
Conservative
1920
1922

Tobias Norris
Liberal
1922
1927

Fawcett Taylor
Conservative
1927
1933

William Sanford Evans
Conservative
1933
1936

Errick Willis
Conservative
1936
1940

Lewis Stubbs[7]
Independent
1940
1941

Huntly Ketchen
Anti-Coalition Conservative
1941
1943

Seymour Farmer
CCF
1943
1947

Edwin Hansford
CCF
1948
1950

Errick Willis
Progressive Conservative
1950
1954

Dufferin Roblin
Progressive Conservative
1954
1958

Douglas Lloyd Campbell
Liberal
1958
1961

Gildas Molgat
Liberal
1961
1969

Walter Weir
Progressive Conservative
1969
1971

Sidney Spivak
Progressive Conservative
1971
1975

Donald Craik
Progressive Conservative
1975
1976

Sterling Lyon
Progressive Conservative
1976
1977

Edward Schreyer
NDP
1977
1979

Howard Pawley
NDP
1979
1981

Sterling Lyon
Progressive Conservative
1981
1983

Gary Filmon
Progressive Conservative
1983
1988

Sharon Carstairs
Liberal
1988
1990

Gary Doer
NDP
1990
1999

Gary Filmon
Progressive Conservative
1999
2000

Bonnie Mitchelson
Progressive Conservative
2000
2000

Stuart Murray
Progressive Conservative
2000
2006

Hugh McFadyen
Progressive Conservative
2006
2012

Brian Pallister
Progressive Conservative
2012
2016

Flor Marcelino
NDP
2016
2017

Wab Kinew
NDP
2017
Present

text:
Jump up ^ W.A. Macdonald was the first officially recognized leader of the opposition and held the post until his election to the legislature was voided in 1893.
Jump up ^ Davidson was the second officially recognized leader of the opposition and held the post until his election to the legislature was voided in 1894.
Jump up ^ It is unclear whether Fisher was de facto or de jure Opposition leader. It is also unclear whether he joined the Conservative Party at some point.
Jump up ^ Hugh John Macdonald was the party's official leader from 1897 but did not have a seat in the legislature so Roblin remained official opposition leader.
Jump up ^ Edward Brown was the Liberal Party's leader from 1906 to 1908 but did not have a seat in the legislature. It is unclear whether Mickle remained Official Opposition leader during this period, whether the position was assigned to another MLA, or whether it became vacant.
Jump up ^ Despite having less seats than the Independent Farmers following the 1920 provincial election, the Conservatives remained the official opposition. The Conservative leader Richard G. Willis did not win a seat in the election, so it is unknown who served as Leader of the Opposition
Jump up ^ Stubbs was the only sitting opposition MLA for a period in 1940 after all the remaining opposition parties joined John Bracken's wartime coalition government. It's unclear whether he was given the title of Leader of the Official Opposition or whether he retained such a title after Social Credit MLA Salome Halldorson and Conservatives John Poole and Huntly Ketchen left the governing coalition to sit on the opposition bench prior to the 1941 general election.

tag: ol


document_title: Hindenburg-class airship

question_text: what is bigger the titanic or the hindenburg

text: Hindenburg-class airship

text: Design and development[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Hindenburg class were built to an all-duralumin design. The leader of the design team was Dr. Ludwig Dürr, who had overseen the design of all Zeppelins except LZ-1 (on which he was a crew member), under the overall direction of Hugo Eckener, the head of the company. They were 245 m (804 ft) long and 41 m (135 ft) in diameter, longer than three Boeing 747s placed end-to-end, longer than four Goodyear GZ-20 "blimps" end-to-end, and only 24 m (79 ft) shorter than the RMS Titanic. The previous largest civilian airship, with a length of 237 m (777 ft) and a width of 40 m (130 ft), was the British R101, which was completed in 1929. The US Navy's Akron and Macon were 239 m (785 ft) long and 44 m (144 ft) wide.

text: The design originally called for cabins for 50 passengers and a crew complement of 40.

text: Construction of the first ship, LZ 129, later named Hindenburg, began in 1931, but was suddenly stopped when Luftschiffbau Zeppelin went bankrupt. This led Eckener to make a deal with the Nazi Party which came to power in 1933. He needed money to build the airship, but in return he was forced to display the German flag on the fins. Construction then resumed in 1935. The keel of the second ship, LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin was laid on June 23, 1936, and the cells were inflated with hydrogen on August 15, 1938. As the second Zeppelin to carry the name Graf Zeppelin (after the LZ 127), she is often referred to as Graf Zeppelin II.

text: The duralumin frame was covered by cotton cloth varnished with iron oxide and cellulose acetate butyrate impregnated with aluminium powder.[citation needed] The aluminium was added to reflect both ultraviolet, which damaged the fabric, and infrared light, which caused heating of the gas. This was an innovation that was first used on the LZ 126 which was provided as war reparations to the US and served as the USS Los Angeles (ZR-3) from 1924 until decommissioned in 1933.

text: The rigid structure was held together by many large rings up to the size of a Ferris wheel, 15 of which were gas cell boundaries which formed bulkheads. These bulkheads were braced by steel wires which connected up into the axial catwalk. The longitudinal duralumin girders connected all the rings together and formed "panels". The 16 gas cells were made of cotton and a gas-tight material. On Graf Zeppelin, the cells were lightened and one was made of lightweight silk instead of cotton.

text: Hydrogen was vented out through valves on the top of the ship. These valves could be controlled both manually and automatically. The axial catwalk was added across the center of the ship to provide access to the gas valves. A keel catwalk provided access to the crew quarters and the engines. Alongside the keel were water ballast and fuel tanks. The tail fins of the airship were over 30 m (100 ft) in length, and were held together with a cross-like structure. The lower tail fin also had an auxiliary control room in case the controls in the gondola malfunctioned.

text: Hindenburg was powered by four reversible 890 kW (1,190 hp) Daimler-Benz diesel engines which gave the airship a maximum speed of 135 km/h (84 mph). Although the Graf Zeppelin had the same engine car design in its early stages of construction, the pods were later completely redesigned to power tractor propellers. The engines had a water recovery system which captured the exhaust of the engines to minimize weight lost during flight.

text: To reduce drag, the passenger rooms were contained entirely within the hull, rather than in the gondola as on the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin, on two decks. The upper deck, "A", contained the passenger quarters, public areas, a dining room, a lounge, and a writing room. The lower deck, "B", contained washrooms, a mess hall for the crew, and a smoking lounge. Long slanted windows ran the length of both decks. The passenger decks were redesigned for Graf Zeppelin; the restaurant was moved to the middle of the quarters and the promenade windows were half a panel lower.

text: Lift gas[edit]

text: Hindenburg was originally designed for helium, heavier than hydrogen but nonflammable. In the 1920s the United States possessed a monopoly on the production of helium, obtained as a byproduct of natural gas production. The US Congress banned its export under the Helium Control Act (1927) in an effort to conserve helium for use in US Navy airships. Eckener expected this ban to be lifted, but to save helium the design was modified to have double gas cells (an inner hydrogen cell protected by an outer helium cell).[1] The ban remained however, so the engineers used only hydrogen despite its extreme flammability.[2] It held 200,000 cubic metres (7,062,000 cu ft) of gas in 16 bags or cells with a useful lift of approximately 232 t (511,000 lb). This provided a margin above the 215 t (474,000 lb) average gross weight of the ship with fuel, equipment, 10,000 kg (22,000 lb) of mail and cargo, about 90 passengers and crew and their luggage.

text: The Germans had extensive experience with hydrogen as a lifting gas. Accidental hydrogen fires had never occurred on civilian Zeppelins, so the switch from helium to hydrogen did not cause much concern. Hydrogen also increased lift by about 8%. After the Hindenburg disaster Eckener vowed to never use hydrogen again in a passenger airship. He planned to use helium for the second ship and went to Washington, D.C. to personally lobby President Roosevelt, who promised to supply the helium only for peaceful purposes. After the annexation of Austria in March 1938, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes refused to supply the gas, and the Graf Zeppelin was also filled with hydrogen.[citation needed]

text: Operational history[edit]

text: LZ 129 Hindenburg[edit]

text: Hindenburg made her first flight on 4 March 1936, but before commencing her intended role as a passenger liner, was put to use for propaganda purposes by the Nazi government. Together with LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin, she spent four days dropping leaflets, playing music, and making radio broadcasts in the lead up to the March 29 plebiscite mandating Hitler's Chancellorship and remilitarization of the Rhineland.

text: Commercial services commenced on 31 March 1936 with the first of seven round trips to Rio de Janeiro that Hindenburg was to make during her first passenger season. Together with ten round trips to New York City, Hindenburg covered 308,323 km (191,583 mi) that year with 2,798 passengers and 160 tons of freight and mail.

text: Following refurbishment during the winter, Hindenburg set out on her first flight to North America for the 1937 season (she had already made one return trip to South America in 1937) on 3 May, bound for New York. This flight would end in tragedy with Hindenburg being utterly consumed by fire as she prepared to dock at NAS Lakehurst in New Jersey.

text: LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II[edit]

text: By the time the Graf Zeppelin II was completed, it was obvious that the ship would never serve its intended purpose as a passenger liner; the lack of a supply of inert helium was one cause. The ship was christened and made her first flight on September 14, 1938, making a circuit from Friedrichshafen to München, Augsburg, Ulm, and back. The total distance covered was 925 km (575 mi). The Graf Zeppelin II made a total of thirty flights, mainly spy missions for the Luftwaffe.

text: Scrapping[edit]

text: In April 1940, Hermann Göring issued the order to scrap both Graf Zeppelin's and the unfinished framework of LZ 131, since the metal was needed for other aircraft. By April 27, work crews had finished cutting up the airships. On May 6, the enormous airship hangars in Frankfurt were leveled by explosives, three years to the day after the destruction of the Hindenburg.

text: Specifications[edit]

text: General characteristics

text:
Crew: ca. 40
Capacity: ca. 50 passengers for LZ-129 (later upgraded to 72), 40 passengers for LZ-130
Length: 245.3 m (803 ft 10 in)
Diameter: 41.2 m (135 ft 0 in)
Volume: 200,000 m3 (7,100,000 ft3)
Useful lift: 10,000 kg (22,046 lb)
Powerplant: 4 × Daimler-Benz DB 602 16-cylinder diesel engines, 735 kW (1100 hp) each

text: Performance

text: Maximum speed: 131 km/h (81 mph)


question_text: how many goals does wayne rooney have in the premier league

text: Since the Premier League's formation at the start of the 1992–93 season, 26 players have managed to accrue 100 or more goals in the competition.

text: During the 1995–96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League.[1][2] After Shearer, Sergio Agüero is the second-fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 147 games.[3]

text: Players[edit]

text:
List of Premier League players with 100 or more goals

Rank
Player
Position
Premier League club(s)
Goals

1
 Shearer, AlanAlan Shearer
S
Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United
260

2
 Rooney, WayneWayne Rooney
F
Everton, Manchester United
200

3
 Cole, AndyAndy Cole
S
Newcastle United, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth
187

4
 Lampard, FrankFrank Lampard
MF
West Ham United, Chelsea, Manchester City
177

5
 Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
S
Arsenal
175

6
 Fowler, RobbieRobbie Fowler
S
Liverpool, Leeds United, Manchester City
163

7
 Defoe, JermainJermain Defoe
S
West Ham United, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Bournemouth
159

8
 Owen, MichaelMichael Owen
S
Liverpool, Newcastle United, Manchester United, Stoke City
150

9
 Ferdinand, LesLes Ferdinand
S
Queens Park Rangers, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers
149

10
 Sheringham, TeddyTeddy Sheringham
S
Nottingham Forest, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United, Portsmouth, West Ham United
146

11
 van Persie, RobinRobin van Persie
F
Arsenal, Manchester United
144

12
 Agüero, SergioSergio Agüero
S
Manchester City
128

13
 Hasselbaink, Jimmy FloydJimmy Floyd Hasselbaink
S
Leeds United, Chelsea, Middlesbrough, Charlton Athletic
127

14
 Keane, RobbieRobbie Keane
F
Coventry City, Leeds United, Tottenham Hotspur, Liverpool, West Ham United, Aston Villa
126

15
 Anelka, NicolasNicolas Anelka
F
Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester City, Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea, West Bromwich Albion
125

16
 Yorke, DwightDwight Yorke
S
Aston Villa, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Birmingham City, Sunderland
123

17
 Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard
MF
Liverpool
120

18
 Wright, IanIan Wright
S
Arsenal, West Ham United
113

19
 Dublin, DionDion Dublin
F
Manchester United, Coventry City, Aston Villa
111

20
 Heskey, EmileEmile Heskey
S
Leicester City, Liverpool, Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic, Aston Villa
110

21
 Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs
MF
Manchester United
109

22
 Scholes, PaulPaul Scholes
MF
Manchester United
107

23
 Bent, DarrenDarren Bent
S
Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Aston Villa, Fulham
106

24
 Crouch, PeterPeter Crouch
S
Aston Villa, Southampton, Liverpool, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Stoke City
105

25
 Drogba, DidierDidier Drogba
S
Chelsea
104

26
 Le Tissier, MattMatt Le Tissier
MF
Southampton
100

(Italics show players still playing professional football; Bold show players still playing in the Premier League)[4]


document_title: Bring It On: Fight to the Finish

question_text: where does bring it on fight to the finish take place

text: Bring It On: Fight to the Finish

text: Plot[edit]

text: Lina Cruz is a tough, sharp-witted cheerleader from East L.A. who transfers to Malibu Vista High School after her widowed mother remarries a wealthy man. Lina not only finds herself a fish-out-of-water at her new high school, she also faces off against Avery, the snobbish and ultra-competitive All-Star cheerleading Captain who leads her own squad, 'The Jaguars' after the high school squad, 'The Sea Lions', did not vote for her to be Captain.

text: After Lina upsets Sky, her stepsister, she is forced to join The Sea Lions by her mother. She goes into the school stadium to check them out and finds Evan, a basketball player who is also her crush, practicing hoops. He is also Avery's younger brother. Lina impresses Evan, and The Sea Lions vote her Captain. When Lina is Captain, Gloria, her friend from East L.A, is called to help her out.

text: After a team member from the Sea Lions quits, Lina calls her other friend, Treyvonetta ("Trey") to come and help her out. At a basketball game, the Sea Lions go on and perform, but a fall takes place, so The Jaguars, led by Avery, are there and save them from their misery. Lina calls for back up and takes the Sea Lions to an impromptu flavor school to work on their movements. She later meets Evan waiting for her there, and Victor, Gloria's boyfriend, befriends him.

text: The next day, Lina comes up with the idea of The Sea Lions competing in the All Star Championship. After the team agrees to double up their practices, The Sea Lions are invited to a Rodeo Drive Divas (RDD) party. Following Sea Lion practice, Gloria and Trey are expelled when Avery goes to the principal and gets Lina in trouble for sneaking them in without approval. Lina refuses to go to the dance, but is confronted by Sky. Evan takes Lina as his date to the party, where Gloria and Trey turn up. Lina and Avery proceed to have a dance off. Lina wins the dance off, and Avery tells her that she does not belong in Malibu using multiple racial slurs. Lina, angered, runs off the dance floor and outside, where Evan follows her. There she breaks up with Evan, sends for Gloria to take her back to East L.A, and quits being Captain of The Sea Lions.

text: There, Lina is confronted by Gloria and Trey, so she stays at Malibu and becomes Captain of The Sea Lions again. The next day at school, half of the Sea Lions squad quits because of Lina's routines and practices. Avery and Kayla approach Lina, Christina, and Sky to tell them that they are dreaming if they think they have a chance at winning the Spirit Championship. Sky loses her temper and tells them to back off, otherwise a fight would start.

text: Lina then goes on a field trip to East L.A with the remaining Sea Lions, where Gloria has persuaded a gym to sponsor the Sea Lions and some of the members of The East L.A. Rough Riders as an All Star squad. By combining the Sea Lions and the Rough Riders, they become The Dream Team. The next day after practice, while Lina is at her locker talking with Sky and Christina, Evan kisses her and tells her exactly how he feels in front of a crowd in the hallway that is recording the entire scene. They get back together, and Lina and her team make it to the final round of the All Star Championship and end up defeating The Jaguars, after which Avery breaks down. Evan comforts her but motions a "call me" signal to Lina over Avery's shoulder. The film ends with Lina taking a picture with Trey, Gloria and Sky, claiming all of them as her cheer sisters.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Christina Milian as Catalina "Lina" Cruz
Rachele Brooke Smith as Avery Whitbourne
Cody Longo as Evan Whitbourne
Vanessa Born as Gloria
Gabrielle Dennis as Treyvonetta (Trey)
Holland Roden as Sky
Nikki SooHoo as Christina
Meagan Holder as Kayla
Laura Cerón as Isabel Cruz
David Starzyk as Henry
Brandon Gonzales as Victor
Giuliana Rancic as Herself
Prima J as Themselves

text: Production [edit]

text: The movie was filmed at locations around Malibu. The field shots were filmed at Occidental College, in western Los Angeles County. The spirit championships were filmed at Glendale Community College in Glendale, California and California State University Northridge in Northridge, California.

text: Soundtrack track listing[edit]

text: This was the only film in the series other than the first to actually have a soundtrack album released - via Arsenal Records on September 15, 2009.

text:
I Gotta Get to You - Christina Milian (4:05)
Popular - The Veronicas (2:42)
Corazon (You're Not Alone) - Prima J (3:04)
Bounce - Fizz & Boog (3:59)
Get It Girl - World's First (3:59)
Whine Up (Johnny Vicious Spanish Mix) - Kat Deluna (3:18)
Whoa Oh! (Me vs. Everyone) - Forever the Sickest Kids (3:25)
Dale - L.A. Rouge (2:27)
Mueve La Caderas - Andrew Gross (1:03)
Viva La Celebration - Andrew Gross (1:45)

text: Marketing [edit]

text: American Cheerleader Magazine had an interview and photo shoot with cast members Christina Milian, Cody Longo, Vanessa Born, Rachele Brooke Smith and Gabrielle Dennis, which can be seen in the August 2009 issue. Christina Milian is also on the cover of American Cheerleader Magazine's August 2009 issue.[citation needed]