document_title: Once Upon a Time in the West

question_text: once upon a time in the west where was it filmed

text: Once Upon a Time in the West

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film portrays two conflicts that take place around Flagstone, a fictional town in the American Old West: a land battle related to construction of a railroad, and a mission of vengeance against a cold-blooded killer. A struggle exists for Sweetwater, a piece of land near Flagstone containing the region's only water source. The land was bought by Brett McBain (Frank Wolff), who foresaw that the railroad would have to pass through that area to provide water for the steam locomotives. When crippled railroad tycoon Morton (Gabriele Ferzetti) learns of this, he sends his hired gun Frank (Henry Fonda) to intimidate McBain to move off the land, but Frank instead kills McBain and his three children, planting evidence to frame the bandit Cheyenne (Jason Robards). It appears the land has no owner; however, a former prostitute (Claudia Cardinale) arrives from New Orleans, revealing she is Jill McBain, Brett's new wife and the owner of the land.

text: Meanwhile, a mysterious harmonica-playing gunman (Charles Bronson), whom Cheyenne later dubs "Harmonica", pursues Frank. In the film's opening scene, Harmonica kills three men sent by Frank to kill him. In a roadhouse on the way to Sweetwater, he informs Cheyenne that the three gunfighters appeared to be posing as Cheyenne's men.

text: Back at Sweetwater, construction materials are delivered to build a railroad station and a small town. Harmonica explains that Jill will lose Sweetwater unless the station is built by the time the track's construction crews reach that point, so Cheyenne puts his men to work building it.

text: Frank turns against Morton, who wanted to make a deal with Jill; Morton's disability makes him unable to fight back. After raping Jill, Frank forces her to sell the property in an auction. He tries to buy the farm cheaply by intimidating the other bidders, but Harmonica arrives, holding Cheyenne at gunpoint and makes a much higher bid based on his reward money for delivering Cheyenne to the authorities. Harmonica rebuffs an offer by Frank to buy the farm from him for one dollar more than he paid at the auction. As Cheyenne is placed on a train bound for the Yuma prison, two members of his gang purchase one-way tickets for the train, intending to help him escape.

text: Frank's men betray and ambush him, having been paid by Morton to turn against him, but—much to Jill's outrage—Harmonica helps Frank kill them, intending to kill Frank himself. Frank returns to Morton, only to find that he and the rest of Frank's men have been killed in a battle with Cheyenne's gang. Frank then goes to Sweetwater to confront Harmonica. On two occasions, Frank has asked Harmonica who he is, but both times Harmonica refused to answer him. Instead, he mysteriously quoted names of men Frank has murdered. This time, Harmonica says he will reveal who he is "only at the point of dying". The two men position themselves for a gun duel, at which point Harmonica's motive for revenge is revealed in a flashback:

text: A younger Frank, already a cruel bandit, is forcing a boy to support on his shoulders his older brother, whose neck is in a noose strung from an arch. As the boy struggles to hold his brother's weight, Frank stuffs a harmonica into the boy's mouth and tells him to play. The older brother curses Frank and kicks his young brother away and dies. The boy (Harmonica) collapses onto the ground clutching the harmonica in his mouth.

text: Harmonica draws first and shoots Frank. As he lies dying, Frank again asks who he is, and Harmonica stuffs his harmonica into Frank's mouth, like Frank did to him when he was a child. Frank suddenly remembers Harmonica as a boy, collapses to the ground clutching the harmonica in his mouth and dies. Harmonica and Cheyenne say goodbye to Jill, who is supervising construction of the railway station as the track-laying crews reach Sweetwater. Cheyenne collapses, revealing that he was mortally wounded by Morton during the fight with Frank's gang. As the work train arrives, Jill carries water to the rail workers, while Harmonica rides away with Cheyenne's dead body.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Claudia Cardinale as Jill McBain
Henry Fonda as Frank
Jason Robards as Manuel "Cheyenne" Gutiérrez
Charles Bronson as "Harmonica"
Gabriele Ferzetti as Mr. Morton
Paolo Stoppa as Sam, the Coachman
Marco Zuanelli as Wobbles
Keenan Wynn as the Sheriff of Flagstone
Frank Wolff as Brett McBain
Lionel Stander as the barman
Woody Strode as Stony, first gunman
Jack Elam as Snaky, second gunman
Al Mulock as Knuckles, third gunman
Enzo Santaniello as Timmy McBain
Simonetta Santaniello as Maureen McBain
Stefano Imparato as Patrick McBain
Antonio Palombi as the old Stationmaster
Claudio Mancini as "Harmonica"'s brother
Dino Mele as young "Harmonica"
Michael Harvey as Frank's Lieutenant
Benito Stefanelli as Frank's Lieutenant
Aldo Sambrell as Cheyenne's Lieutenant

text: With the death of Gabriele Ferzetti in 2015,[7] Claudia Cardinale is the sole surviving member of the film's main cast.

text: Production[edit]

text: Origins[edit]

text: After making his American Civil War epic The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Leone had intended to retire from making Westerns, believing he had said all he wanted to say. He had come across the novel The Hoods by the pseudonymous "Harry Grey", an autobiographical book based on the author's own experiences as a Jewish hood during Prohibition, and planned to adapt it into a film (this would eventually, seventeen years later, become his final film, Once Upon a Time in America). Leone though was offered only Westerns by the Hollywood studios. United Artists (who had produced the Dollars Trilogy) offered him the opportunity to make a film starring Charlton Heston, Kirk Douglas and Rock Hudson, but Leone refused. However, when Paramount offered Leone a generous budget along with access to Henry Fonda—his favorite actor, and one whom he had wanted to work with for virtually all of his career—Leone accepted the offer.

text: Leone commissioned Bernardo Bertolucci and Dario Argento—both of whom were film critics before becoming directors—to help him develop the film in late 1966. The men spent much of the following year watching and discussing numerous classic Westerns such as High Noon, The Iron Horse, The Comancheros, and The Searchers at Leone's house, and constructed a story made up almost entirely of "references" to American Westerns.

text: Ever since The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, which originally ran for three hours, Leone's films were usually cut (often quite dramatically) for box office release. Leone was very conscious of the length of Once Upon a Time in the West during filming and later commissioned Sergio Donati, who had worked on several of Leone's other films, to help him refine the screenplay, largely to curb the length of the film towards the end of production. Many of the film's most memorable lines of dialogue came from Donati, or from the film's English dialogue adapter, expatriate American actor Mickey Knox.[8]

text: Style and pacing[edit]

text: For Once Upon a Time in the West, Leone changed his approach over his earlier Westerns. Whereas the "Dollars" films were quirky and up-tempo, a celebratory yet tongue-in-cheek parody of the icons of the Wild West, this film is much slower in pace and sombre in theme. Leone's distinctive style, which is very different from, but very much influenced by, Akira Kurosawa's Sanshiro Sugata (1943), is still present but has been modified for the beginning of Leone's second trilogy, the so-called Once Upon a Time Trilogy. The characters in this film are also beginning to change markedly over their predecessors in the Dollars Trilogy. They are not quite as defined and, unusual for Leone characters up to this point, they begin to change (or at least attempt to) over the course of the story. This signals the start of the second phase of Leone's style, which would be further developed in Duck, You Sucker! and Once Upon a Time in America.

text: The film features long, slow scenes in which there is very little dialogue and little happens, broken by brief and sudden violence. Leone was far more interested in the rituals preceding violence than in the violence itself. The tone of the film is consistent with the arid semi-desert in which the story unfolds, and imbues it with a feeling of realism that contrasts with the elaborately choreographed gunplay.

text: Sergio Leone liked to tell the story of a cinema in Paris where the film ran uninterrupted for two years. When he visited this theatre, he was surrounded by fans who wanted his autograph, as well as the projectionist, who was less than enthusiastic. Leone claimed the projectionist told him "I kill you! The same movie over and over again for two years! And it's so SLOW!"[9]

text: Locations[edit]

text: Most of the film was shot in Cinecittà studios, Rome. The brick arch where Bronson's character flashbacks to his youth and the original lynching incident was built near a small airport fifteen miles north of Monument Valley, in Utah and two miles from U.S. Route 163 (which links Gouldings Lodge and Mexican Hat). The opening sequence with the three gunmen meeting the train was one of the sequences filmed in Spain. Shooting for scenes at Cattle Corner Station, as the location was called in the story, was scheduled for four days and was filmed at the 'ghost' train station in the municipality of La Calahorra, county of Gaudix, near Guadix, in the Province of Granada, Spain, as were the scenes of Flagstone, and shooting for the scenes in the middle of the railway were filmed along the Guadix - Hernan Valle railway line.[10][11][12]

text: Casting[edit]

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Fonda did not accept Leone's first offer to play Frank, so Leone flew to New York to convince him, telling him: "Picture this: the camera shows a gunman from the waist down pulling his gun and shooting a running child. The camera tilts up to the gunman's face and...it's Henry Fonda." After meeting with Leone, Fonda called his friend Eli Wallach, who had co-starred in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Wallach advised Fonda to do the film, telling him "You will have the time of your life."

text: When he accepted the role, Fonda came to the set with brown contacts and facial hair. Fonda felt having dark eyes and facial hair would blend well with his character's evil and also help the audience to accept this "new" Fonda as the bad guy, but Leone immediately told him to remove the contacts and facial hair. Leone felt that Fonda's blue eyes best reflected the cold, icy nature of the killer. It was one of the first times in a Western film where the villain would be played by the lead actor.

text: Leone originally offered the role of Harmonica to Clint Eastwood; when he turned it down, Leone hired Charles Bronson who had originally been offered and turned down the part of the Man with No Name in A Fistful of Dollars. James Coburn was also approached for Harmonica, but demanded too much money.

text: Robert Ryan was offered the role of the Sheriff played by Keenan Wynn. Ryan initially accepted, but backed out after being given a larger role in Sam Peckinpah's The Wild Bunch.

text: Enrico Maria Salerno and Robert Hossein were both offered the role of Morton before Gabriele Ferzetti was cast; Hossein had accepted, but had to drop out for a theatre commitment. Ferzetti, who considers it one of his best roles, referred to his casting as "Fate, Destiny" in an interview for the DVD release.

text: Actor Al Mulock (featured as Knuckles in the opening train sequence, as well as in Leone's The Good, the Bad and the Ugly) committed suicide during shooting of the film by leaping from his Guadix hotel room in full costume. Frank Wolff, the actor who plays McBain, also committed suicide in a Rome hotel in 1971.

text: Following the film's completion, Once Upon a Time in the West was dubbed into several languages, including Italian, French, German, Spanish and English. For the English dub, the voices of much of the American cast, including Fonda, Bronson, Jason Robards, Jack Elam, Wynn, Wolff and Lionel Stander, were used. However, the rest of the cast had to be dubbed by other actors, including Ferzetti, who was dubbed by actor Bernard Grant (who is believed to have voiced Gian Maria Volontè and Aldo Giuffrè in the Dollars Trilogy), and Claudia Cardinale, who was voiced by Grant's wife, Joyce Gordon.[13]

text: Music[edit]

text: The music was written by composer Ennio Morricone, Leone's regular collaborator, who wrote the score under Leone's direction before filming began. As in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, the haunting music contributes to the film's grandeur and, like the music for The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, is considered one of Morricone's greatest compositions.

text: The film features leitmotifs that relate to each of the main characters (each with their own theme music) as well as to the spirit of the American West.[14] Especially compelling are the wordless vocals by Italian singer Edda Dell'Orso during the theme music for the Claudia Cardinale character. It was Leone's desire to have the music available and played during filming. Leone had Morricone compose the score before shooting started and would play the music in the background for the actors on set.[14]

text: Except for about a minute of the "Judgment" motif, before Harmonica kills the three outlaws, no soundtrack music is played until at the end of the second scene, when Henry Fonda makes his first entry. During the beginning of the film, Leone instead uses a number of natural sounds, for instance a turning wheel in the wind, sound of a train, grasshoppers, shotguns while hunting, wings of pigeons, etc., in addition to the harmonica played by Bronson's character, since that sound is "explained" by the fact that the sound of the harmonica is diegetic rather than a true soundtrack.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Though less popular in the US than the earlier Dollars Trilogy, Once Upon a Time in the West has gained a cult following around the world, particularly among cineastes and filmmakers. In the late 1960s and 1970s, it was re-evaluated by young filmmakers and critics, many of whom called it a masterpiece. Directors including Quentin Tarantino, Martin Scorsese, George Lucas, John Carpenter, Vince Gilligan,[15] and John Boorman have spoken about the influence that the film had on them. It is now considered one of the greatest films ever made and some critics consider it to be the finest Western and Sergio Leone's finest accomplishment as a director. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected reviews from 56 critics and gave the film a score of 98%. Once Upon a Time in the West can be found on numerous film polls and 'best of' lists.

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Time named Once Upon a Time in the West as one of the 100 greatest films of all-time.[16]
In They Shoot Pictures, Don't They's list of the 1000 Greatest Films, Once Upon a Time in the West is placed at number 62.[17]
Total Film magazine placed Once Upon a Time in the West in their special edition issue of the 100 Greatest Movies.[18]
In 2008, Empire held a poll of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time", taking votes from 10,000 readers, 150 filmmakers and 50 film critics. "Once Upon a Time in the West" was voted in at number 14, the highest Western on the list.[19]
In 2009, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being “culturally, historically or aesthetically significant”.[6]
In 2014, Time Out polled several film critics, directors, actors and stunt actors to list their top action films.[20] Once Upon A Time In The West placed 30th on their list.[21]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:

Frank – Nominated Villain[22]

2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[23]

text: Releases[edit]

text: European release[edit]

text: The movie was a massive hit in France[2] and was easily the most successful film released there in 1969.[24] It sparked a brief fashion trend for duster coats which took such proportions that Parisian department stores such as Au Printemps had to affix signs on escalators warning patrons to keep their "maxis," as they were called, clear from the edges of moving steps to prevent jamming.

text: American release[edit]

text: In the US, Paramount edited the film to about 145 minutes for the wide release, but the film underperformed at the box office, earning $2.1M in rentals in North America.[25]

text: The following scenes were cut for the American release:

text:
The entire scene at Lionel Stander's trading post. Cheyenne (Robards) was not introduced in the American release until his arrival at the McBain ranch later in the film. Stander remained in the credits, even though he did not appear in this version at all.
The scene in which Morton and Frank discuss what to do with Jill at the Navajo Cliffs.
Morton's death scene was reduced considerably.
Cheyenne's death scene was completely excised.

text:
Otherwise, one scene was slightly longer in the US version than in the international film release:
Following the opening duel (where all four gunmen fire and fall), Charles Bronson's character stands up again showing that he had only been shot in the arm. This part of the scene had been originally cut by director Sergio Leone for the worldwide theatrical release. It was added again for the U.S. market because the American distributors feared American viewers would not understand the story otherwise, especially since Harmonica's arm wound is originally shown for the first time in the scene at the trading post which was cut for the shorter U.S. version.

text: The English-language version was restored to approximately 165 minutes for a re-release in 1984, and for its video release the following year.

text: Director's cut[edit]

text: In Italy, a 175-minute director's cut features a yellow tint filter, and several scenes augmented with additional material. This director's cut was released on home video until the early 2000s, and still airs on TV, but more recent home video releases have used the international cut.

text: Home video releases[edit]

text: After years of public requests, Paramount released a 2-Disc "Special Collector's Edition" of Once Upon a Time in the West on November 18, 2003, with a running time of 165 minutes (158 minutes in some regions).[nb 1] This release is the color 2.35:1 aspect ratio version in anamorphic wide-screen, closed captioned and Dolby. Commentary is also provided by film experts and historians including John Carpenter, John Milius, Alex Cox, film historian and Leone biographer Sir Christopher Frayling, Dr. Sheldon Hall, as well as actors Claudia Cardinale and Gabriele Ferzetti, and director Bernardo Bertolucci, a co-writer of the film.

text: The second disc has special features, including three recent documentaries on several aspects of the film:

text:
An Opera of Violence
The Wages of Sin
Something to Do with Death

text: The film was released on Blu-ray on May 31, 2011.

text: Film references[edit]

text: Leone's intent was to take the stock conventions of the American Westerns of John Ford, Howard Hawks and others, and rework them in an ironic fashion, essentially reversing their intended meaning in their original sources to create a darker connotation.[26] The most obvious example of this is the casting of veteran film good guy Henry Fonda as the villainous Frank, but there are also many other, more subtle reversals throughout the film. According to film critic and historian Christopher Frayling, the film quotes from as many as 30 classic American Westerns.

text: The major films referenced include:

text:
The Comancheros (1961): The names "McBain" and "Sweetwater" may come from this film. (Contrary to popular belief, the name of the town "Sweetwater" was not taken from Victor Sjöström's silent epic drama The Wind. Bernardo Bertolucci has stated that he looked at a map of the southwestern United States, found the name of the town in Arizona, and decided to incorporate it into the film. However, both "Sweetwater" and a character named "McBain" appeared in The Comancheros, which Leone admired.[27])
Johnny Guitar (1954): Jill and Vienna have similar backstories (both are former prostitutes who become saloonkeepers), and Harmonica, like Sterling Hayden's title character, is a mysterious, gunslinging outsider known by his musical nickname. Some of West's central plot (Western settlers vs. the railroad company) may be recycled from Nicholas Ray's film.[27]
The Iron Horse (1924): West may contain several subtle references to this film, including a low angle shot of a shrieking train rushing towards the screen in the opening scene, and the shot of the train pulling into the Sweetwater station at the end.[27]
Shane (1953): The massacre scene in West features young Timmy McBain out hunting with his father, just as Joey does in this movie. The funeral of the McBains is borrowed almost shot-for-shot from Shane.[27] Also, the movie ends with the wounded gunslingers leaving town, unable to stay in civilization, as does Shane.
The Searchers (1956): Leone admitted that the rustling bushes, the silencing of insect sounds, and the fluttering grouse that suggest menace approaching the farmhouse when the McBain family is massacred were all taken from The Searchers. The ending of the film—where Western nomads Harmonica and Cheyenne move on rather than join modern society—also echoes the famous ending of Ford's film.[27]
Winchester '73 (1950): It has been claimed that the scenes in West at the trading post are based on those in Winchester '73, but the resemblance is slight.[27]
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962): The dusters (long coats) worn by Cheyenne and his gang (and by Frank and his men while impersonating them) resemble those worn by Liberty Valance (Lee Marvin) and his henchmen when they are introduced in this film. In addition, the auction scene in West was intended to recall the election scene in Liberty Valance.[27]
The Last Sunset (1961): The final duel between Frank and Harmonica is shot almost identically to the duel between Kirk Douglas and Rock Hudson in this film.[27]
Duel in the Sun (1946): The character of Morton, the crippled railroad baron in West, was based on the character played by Lionel Barrymore in this film.[27]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The 7-minute regional variation in DVD running time is due to the 4% speed difference between the 24 fps NTSC and 25 fps PAL video formats. There is no difference in content.


document_title: Intensive and extensive properties

question_text: is the boiling point of water an extensive or intensive property why do you say so

root

text: Intensive and extensive properties

text: Intensive properties[edit]

text: An intensive property is a physical quantity whose value does not depend on the amount of the substance for which it is measured. For example, the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium is the same as the temperature of any part of it. If the system is divided the temperature of each subsystem is identical. The same applies to the density of a homogeneous system; if the system is divided in half, the mass and the volume change in the identical ratio and the density remains unchanged. Additionally, the boiling point of a substance is another example of an intensive property. For example, the boiling point of water is 100 °C at a pressure of one atmosphere, which remains true regardless of quantity.

tag: p

text: The distinction between intensive and extensive properties has some theoretical uses. For example, in thermodynamics, according to the state postulate, a sufficiently simple system consisting of a single substance requires only two independent intensive variables to fully specify the system's entire state. Other intensive properties are derived from those two variables.

text: Examples[edit]

text: Examples of intensive properties include:[2][4][5]

text:
chemical potential, μ
color[6]
concentration, c
density, ρ (or specific gravity)
magnetic permeability, μ
melting point and boiling point[7]
molality, m or b
pressure, p
specific heat capacity, cp
specific volume, v
standard reduction potential,[7] E°
temperature, T

tag: ul

text: Extensive properties[edit]

text: The IUPAC Gold Book defines an extensive property as a physical quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems.[1] The value of such an additive property is proportional to the size of the system it describes, or to the quantity of matter in the system. For example, the amount of heat required to melt ice at constant temperature and pressure is an extensive property, known as the enthalpy of fusion. The amount of heat required to melt one ice cube would be much less than the amount of heat required to melt an iceberg, so it is dependent on the quantity.

text: Extensive properties are not just dependent on the amount of material in a system; the relation must be additive. If, say, a property depended on the square of the mass, it would not be an extensive property. (Consider a system consisting of two 1 gram weights. The total mass is 2 g, squaring that gives 4 g2. Squaring and summing the individual masses gives 2 g2. This property is not additive for the two subsystems.)

text: Dividing one extensive property by another extensive property generally gives an intensive value—for example: mass (extensive) divided by volume (extensive) gives density (intensive).

text: Examples[edit]

text: Examples of extensive properties include:[2][4][5]

text:
amount of substance, mol
energy, E
enthalpy, H
entropy, S
Gibbs energy, G
heat capacity, Cp
Helmholtz energy, A or F
internal energy, U
mass, m
volume, V

text: Composite properties[edit]

text:
Properties can be combined to give new properties, which may be called derived,[1] or composite properties. For example, mass and volume can be combined to give density. These composite properties can also be classified as intensive or extensive. Suppose a composite property,

F

{\displaystyle F}

, is a function of a set of intensive properties,

{

a

i

}

{\displaystyle \{a_{i}\}}

, and a set of extensive properties,

{

A

j

}

{\displaystyle \{A_{j}\}}

, which can be shown as

F
(
{

a

i

}
,
{

A

j

}
)

{\displaystyle F(\{a_{i}\},\{A_{j}\})}

. If the size of the system is changed by some scaling factor,

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

, only the extensive properties will change, since intensive properties are independent of the size of the system. The scaled system, then, can be represented as

F
(
{

a

i

}
,
{
α

A

j

}
)

{\displaystyle F(\{a_{i}\},\{\alpha A_{j}\})}

.

text:
Intensive properties are independent of the size of the system, so the property F is an intensive property if for all values of the scaling factor,

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

,

text:
(This is equivalent to saying that intensive composite properties are homogeneous functions of degree 0 with respect to

{

A

j

}

{\displaystyle \{A_{j}\}}

.)

text:
It follows, for example, that the ratio of two extensive properties is an intensive property. To illustrate, consider a system having a certain mass,

m

{\displaystyle m}

, and volume,

V

{\displaystyle V}

. The density,

ρ

{\displaystyle \rho }

 is equal to mass (extensive) divided by volume (extensive):

ρ
=

m
V

{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}}}

. If the system is scaled by the factor

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

, then the mass and volume become

α
m

{\displaystyle \alpha m}

 and

α
V

{\displaystyle \alpha V}

, and the density becomes

ρ
=

α
m

α
V

{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {\alpha m}{\alpha V}}}

; the two

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

s cancel, so this could be written mathematically as

ρ
(
α
m
,
α
V
)
=
ρ
(
m
,
V
)

{\displaystyle \rho (\alpha m,\alpha V)=\rho (m,V)}

, which is analogous to the equation for

F

{\displaystyle F}

 above.

text:
The property

F

{\displaystyle F}

 is an extensive property if for all

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

,

text:
(This is equivalent to saying that extensive composite properties are homogeneous functions of degree 1 with respect to

{

A

j

}

{\displaystyle \{A_{j}\}}

.) It follows from Euler's homogeneous function theorem that

text:
where the partial derivative is taken with all parameters constant except

A

j

{\displaystyle A_{j}}

.[8] This last equation can be used to derive thermodynamic relations.

text: "Specific" properties[edit]

text: A specific property is obtained by dividing an extensive property of a system by the mass of the system. For example, heat capacity is an extensive property of a system. Dividing heat capacity, Cp, by the mass of the system gives the specific heat capacity, cp, which is an intensive property. When the extensive property is represented by an upper-case letter, the symbol for the corresponding intensive property is usually represented by a lower-case letter. Common examples are given in the table below.[2]

text:
Specific properties derived from extensive properties

Extensive
property
Symbol
SI units
Intensive
property
Symbol
SI units

Volume

V

m3 or L

Specific volume*

v

m3/kg or L/kg

Internal energy

U

J

Specific internal energy

u

J/kg

Entropy

S

J/K

Specific entropy

s

J/(kg·K)

Enthalpy

H

J

Specific enthalpy

h

J/kg

Gibbs free energy

G

J

Specific Gibbs free energy

g

J/kg

Heat capacity
at constant volume

CV

J/K

Specific heat capacity
at constant volume

cv

J/(kg·K)

Heat capacity
at constant pressure

CP

J/K

Specific heat capacity
at constant pressure

cP

J/(kg·K)

tag: table

text: If the amount of substance in moles can be determined, then each of these thermodynamic properties may be expressed on a molar basis, and their name may be qualified with the adjective molar, yielding terms such as molar volume, molar internal energy, molar enthalpy, and molar entropy. The symbol for molar quantities may be indicated by adding a subscript "m" to the corresponding extensive property. For example, molar enthalpy is Hm.[2] A well known molar volume, Vm, is that of an ideal gas at standard conditions for temperature and pressure, with the value 22.41L/mol. Molar Gibbs free energy is commonly referred to as chemical potential, symbolized by μ, particularly when discussing a partial molar Gibbs free energy μi for a component i in a mixture.

text: Limitations[edit]

text: The general validity of the division of physical properties into extensive and intensive kinds has been addressed in the course of science.[9] Redlich noted that, although physical properties and especially thermodynamic properties are most conveniently defined as either intensive or extensive, these two categories are not all-inclusive and some well-defined physical properties conform to neither definition.[5] Redlich also provides examples of mathematical functions that alter the strict additivity relationship for extensive systems, such as the square or square root of volume, which may occur in some contexts, albeit rarely used.[5]

text: Other systems, for which standard definitions do not provide a simple answer, are systems in which the subsystems interact when combined. Redlich pointed out that the assignment of some properties as intensive or extensive may depend on the way subsystems are arranged. For example, if two identical galvanic cells are connected in parallel, the voltage of the system is equal to the voltage of each cell, while the electric charge transferred (or the electric current) is extensive. However, if the same cells are connected in series, the charge becomes intensive and the voltage extensive.[5] The IUPAC definitions do not consider such cases.[2]

text: Some intensive properties do not apply at very small sizes. For example, viscosity is a macroscopic quantity and is not relevant for extremely small systems. Likewise, at a very small scale color is not independent of size, as shown by quantum dots, whose color depends on the size of the "dot".


document_title: History of Walmart

question_text: when did the first walmart open in indiana

text: History of Walmart

text: 1960s and 1970s[edit]

text: At some point[when?] Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin. Inspired by the successes of other discount department store chains, Walton opened the second store in Harrison, Arkansas that year. Responsible for the purchase and maintenance of signage, Walton's assistant, Bob Bogle, came up with the name "Wal-Mart" for the new chain.[2] By 1967, the company grew to 24 stores across the state of Arkansas, and had reached $12.6 million in sales, and by 1968, the company opened its first stores outside of Arkansas in Sikeston, Missouri and Claremore, Oklahoma.[3]

text: The company's first stock split occurred in May 1972 at a market price of $47. By this time, Walmart was operating in five states: Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri and Oklahoma, and expanded into Tennessee in 1973, and Kentucky and Mississippi in 1974. As the company expanded into Texas in 1975, there were 125 stores with 7,500 associates, and total sales of $340.3 million.

text: By 1977, Wal-Mart expanded into Illinois and made its first corporate acquisition, assuming ownership and operation of the Mohr-Value stores, which operated in Missouri and Illinois.[4] This was followed by the acquisition of the Hutcheson Shoe Company in 1978. In the same year Walmart also branched out into several new markets, launching its pharmacy, auto service center, and jewelry divisions.

text: 1980s and 1990s[edit]

text: In 1981, Wal-Mart expanded into the southeastern US market, opening stores in Georgia and South Carolina, and acquiring 92 Kuhn's Big K stores. They expanded into Florida and Nebraska in 1982.

text: In April 1983, the company opened its first Sam's Club store, a membership-based discount warehouse club, in Midwest City, Oklahoma. They also expanded into Indiana, Iowa, New Mexico, and North Carolina and implemented "people greeters" in all of their stores. The first stores opened in Virginia in 1984.

text: In 1985, with 882 stores with sales of $8.4 billion and 104,000 associates, the company expanded into Wisconsin and Colorado, and the first stores opened in Minnesota in 1986.

text: By the company's 25th anniversary in 1987, there were offices to track inventory, sales, and send instant communication to their stores.[5] Continuing their technological upgrades, they had equipped 90% of their stores with barcode readers by 1988, to further assist in keeping track of their large inventory.

text: In February 1988, company founder Sam Walton stepped down as Chief Executive Officer, and David Glass was named to succeed him.[6] Walton remained on as Chairman of the Corporate Board of Directors, and the company also restructured their senior management positions, elevating a cadre of executives to positions of greater responsibility.

text: Also in 1988, the first Wal-Mart Supercenter was opened in Washington, Missouri. The supercenter concept features everything contained in an average Walmart discount store, in addition to a tire and oil change shop, optical center, one-hour photo processing lab, portrait studio, and numerous alcove shops such as banks, cellular telephone stores, hair and nail salons, video rental stores, and fast food outlets.

text: By 1988, Wal-Mart was the most profitable retailer in the United States,[7] though it did not outsell K-Mart and Sears in terms of value of items purchased until late 1990 or early 1991.

text: By 1988, Walmart was operating in 27 states, having expanded into Arizona, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, New Jersey, and Wyoming. By 1990, they expanded into California (which marked Walmart officially becoming a fully nationwide retailer), Nevada, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Utah. The Walmart Visitor's Center also opened this year on the site of Sam Walton's original store.

text: The 1990s saw an era of furious growth on an unprecedented scale and the incorporation of several new ideas and technology into the business.

text: In 1990, US sales had quadrupled to $32 billion over the previous five years [4] and Walmart acquired The McLane Company, a food service distributor,[8] which was later sold to Berkshire Hathaway in 2003.[9]

text: In 1991, the company expanded into Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New York. Walmart expanded worldwide this year, with the opening of their first store outside the United States in Mexico City. They also acquired Western Merchandisers, Inc. of Amarillo, Texas. 1991 also saw the launch of the Sam's American Choice brand of products.

text: On March 17, 1992 US President George H. W. Bush presented Sam Walton with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Walton died on April 5, 1992. His eldest son, S. Robson Walton, succeeded him as Chairman of the corporate board of directors, on April 7, 1992. This year, Walmart had a presence in 45 states which by this time expanded into Idaho, Montana, and Oregon, as well as Puerto Rico.

text: In 1993, the Walmart International Division was formed with Bobby Martin as its president. The company also expanded into Alaska, Hawaii, Rhode Island and Washington. Their stores also achieve the billion-dollar sales mark in one week in December 1993.

text: In 1994, the National Advertising Review Board challenged the Walmart slogan, "Always the low price. Always," contending that it implied that Walmart's prices were always the lowest and could mislead some shoppers. In response, Walmart adopted a new slogan, "Always low prices. Always."[10]

text: Also in 1994, the Code Adam program was instituted in Walmart stores. That same year, Walmart acquired 91 PACE Membership Warehouse clubs from Kmart and 122 Woolco stores in Canada in 1994. In addition, it opened 3 value clubs in Hong Kong, and had 96 stores in Mexico.

text: By 1995, Walmart had 1,995 discount stores, 239 Supercenters, 433 SAM'S CLUBS and 276 international stores with sales at $93.6 billion (including US sales of $78 billion) and 675,000 associates. Walmart expanded into its final state (Vermont), and also expanded into South America, with three new units in Argentina and five in Brazil.

text: The company entered the Chinese market in 1996 through a joint-venture agreement. In 1996 WalMart opened in Fairbanks Alaska, soon after the Sam's Club of Fairbanks opened. In 1997, Walmart replaced Woolworth on the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The company had its first $100 billion sales year, with sales totaling $118.1 billion. Also this year, they acquired 21 Wertkauf stores in Germany, and introduced their OneSource nutrition centers.

text: In 1998, Walmart introduced the Neighborhood Market concept at three stores in Arkansas. Neighborhood Market stores are predominantly grocery stores, and are intended to attract customers with easier parking, less crowded aisles, and quicker checkout compared to an average grocery store. Internationally Walmart enters South Korea by acquiring 4 stores operated by Korea Makro.

text: Also in 1998, Walmart launched its Wal-Mart Television Network, a vast, in-store advertising network showing commercials for products sold in the stores, concert clips and music videos for a recording artist's media, trailers for upcoming movie releases, and news.

text: The Asda chain in the United Kingdom became a subsidiary in 1999, and is the second largest chain in the UK after Tesco.

text: 21st century[edit]

text: In 2000, Lee Scott was named president and CEO and US sales had doubled to $156 billion since 1995. That same year, Walmart was ranked fifth by Fortune magazine on its Global Most Admired All-Stars list and in 2003 and 2004, it was named as the most admired company in America.

text: In 2002, Walmart entered the Japanese market by acquiring a minor stake in Seiyu Group, who would become a wholly owned subsidiary of Walmart by 2008.

text: In 2005, Walmart had $312.4 billion in sales, more than 6,200 facilities around the world, including 3,800 stores in the United States and 3,800 international units, and more than 1.6 million associates employed worldwide. Their US presence had grown so rapidly that there were only small pockets of the country that remained further than 60 miles away from the nearest Walmart.[11] Approximately 138 million customers visited Walmart stores each week all over the world. Their corporate philanthropy efforts also assisted the US hurricane relief efforts with $18 million in cash donations. Through a purchase of stock in Central American Retail Holding Company (CARHCO), Walmart also entered the countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

text: On 22 May 2006, Walmart announced the sale of its 16 stores in South Korea to Shinsegae Co, which rebranded the stores to E-Mart. Then on 26 July 2006 Walmart announced a complete pull-out from the German market; all existing 85 stores were sold to the Metro Group, which rebranded most of them to Real (hypermarket).

text: On September 12, 2007, for the first time in 13 years, Walmart introduced new advertising with the slogan, "Save Money Live Better," instead of "Always Low Prices, Always." It commissioned Global Insight for the ads and the report stated that as of 2006, the retailer saves American families $2,500 yearly (up 7.3% from $2,329, 2004). The new research found that the reduction in price levels due to Walmart resulted to savings for consumers of $287 billion in 2006, equivalent to $957 per person and $2,500 per household.

text: On June 30, 2008, Walmart unveiled the company's new logo, which stylized the name as "Walmart". A spark, a symbol chosen to represent Walmart associates, replaces the star. In early 2009, Walmart entered Chile by acquiring Distribucion y Servicio D&S SA. In May 2009 Walmart entered into a 50/50 partnership with Bharti to gain access to the Indian market.

text: On February 22, 2010, the company confirmed it was acquiring the video streaming company Vudu, Inc. for an estimated $100 million.[12]

text: In June 2011, Walmart acquired 51% of Massmart Holdings. This acquisition gives the company access to the African countries of: South Africa, Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.

text: The Massmart acquisition received final governmental approval in early 2012. The single store Mauritius was closed in January 2012.

text: In June 2014, Walmart employees went on strike in several major cities in the United States.[13]

text: New ventures[edit]

text: In late 2005, Walmart designed two experimental stores, one in McKinney, Texas and the other in Aurora, Colorado, which featured wind turbines, photovoltaic solar panels, biofuel-capable boilers, water-cooled refrigerators, and xeriscape gardens.[14]

text: In March 2006, Walmart sought to appeal to a more affluent demographic, with the opening of a new supercenter in Plano, Texas at the corner of Park Blvd. and the Dallas North Tollway which was intended to compete against stores that some viewed as more upscale and appealing.[15] The new store features wooden floors, wider aisles, a sushi bar, a coffee/sandwich shop (with free Wi-Fi Internet access), a Subway, and higher-end items such as microbrew beer, expensive wines, and high-end electronics. The exterior sports the less-common hunter green background behind the Walmart letters instead of the trademark blue.

text: In response to the popularity of organic food supermarkets, such as Whole Foods and Wild Oats, Walmart announced plans in May 2006, to increase the amount of organic food available in its stores.[16] They announced that both conventionally grown and organic versions of certain products would be available, and the price of organic versions would not be more than 10% over the price of conventionally grown products.[16] Since Walmart is one of the nation's largest grocery retailers, there was some concern expressed that their push to lower prices would not be sustainable for inexpensive organic food.[17]

text: Legal trouble[edit]

text: Over the last decade or so Walmart has become involved in numerous lawsuits for a variety of reasons. The majority of the suits are class action lawsuits in which employees are suing for unpaid wages.[18] They have also run into numerous discrimination cases in which employees are suing for being profiled out of money or out of jobs. For example, there were two separate cases, one in 2004 and one in 2005, in which black employees were suing two different Walmarts for denying them jobs based on race.[19] These became so popular that the reverend Jesse Jackson intervened and spoke during both of the proceedings. There are also many lawsuits in which women are suing Wal-Mart for discriminating against them. In one article written in 2004 USA today mentioned 32 different lawsuits that involved women suing Walmart. But still Walmart has prevailed.[20] All of this has not had any effects on Walmart financially however, according to Fortune 500, Walmart still had $351 billion in revenue ($11 billion in profit) in 2007, a new high for the corporation.[21]

text: On December 3, 2008, the family of Walmart service worker Jdimytai Damour, who was killed by a stampede of shoppers frantically entering a Walmart store in Valley Stream, New York on Black Friday (November 28),[22] filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the corporation; Damour's family alleged Walmart of encouraging a mass number of customers to come to the store simultaneously.[23][24] In addition, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration cited Walmart for "...inadequate crowd management following the Nov. 28, 2008, death of an employee at its Valley Stream, New York, store. The worker died of asphyxiation after being knocked to the ground and trampled by a crowd of about 2,000 shoppers who surged into the store for its annual 'Blitz Friday' pre-holiday sales event." [25] The company went on to spend an estimated $2 million in legal fees fighting OSHA's $7,000 fine, because it apparently wished to prevent OSHA from establishing a precedent that would enable OSHA to influence Walmart's crowd control measures in the future.[26]

text: Countries of operation[edit]

text: As of October 2009, Walmart stores operate in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[27]


document_title: 2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage

question_text: who knocked out belgium in 2014 world cup

question_tokens: who knocked out belgium in 2014 world cup

text: 2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage

text: Qualified teams[edit]

text: The top two placed teams from each of the eight groups qualified for the knockout stage.

text:
Group

Winners

Runners-up

A

 Brazil

 Mexico

B

 Netherlands

 Chile

C

 Colombia

 Greece

D

 Costa Rica

 Uruguay

E

 France

  Switzerland

F

 Argentina

 Nigeria

G

 Germany

 United States

H

 Belgium

 Algeria

text: Bracket[edit]

text:
Round of 16vte

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

28 June – Belo Horizonte

  Brazil (pen.)

 1 (3)

4 July – Fortaleza

  Chile

 1 (2)

  Brazil

 2

28 June – Rio de Janeiro

  Colombia

 1

  Colombia

 2

8 July – Belo Horizonte

  Uruguay

 0

  Brazil

 1

30 June – Brasília

  Germany

 7

  France

 2

4 July – Rio de Janeiro

  Nigeria

 0

  France

 0

30 June – Porto Alegre

  Germany

 1

  Germany (a.e.t.)

 2

13 July – Rio de Janeiro

  Algeria

 1

  Germany (a.e.t.)

 1

29 June – Fortaleza

  Argentina

 0

  Netherlands

 2

5 July – Salvador

  Mexico

 1

  Netherlands (pen.)

 0 (4)

29 June – Recife

  Costa Rica

 0 (3)

  Costa Rica (pen.)

 1 (5)

9 July – São Paulo

  Greece

 1 (3)

  Netherlands

 0 (2)

1 July – São Paulo

  Argentina (pen.)

 0 (4)

Third place

  Argentina (a.e.t.)

 1

5 July – Brasília

12 July – Brasília

   Switzerland

 0

  Argentina

 1

  Brazil

 0

1 July – Salvador

  Belgium

 0

  Netherlands

 3

  Belgium (a.e.t.)

 2

  United States

 1

text: Round of 16[edit]

text: Brazil vs Chile[edit]

text: The two teams had met in 68 previous matches,[3] including three times in the FIFA World Cup knockout stage, all won by Brazil (1962, semi-finals: 4–2; 1998, round of 16: 4–1; 2010, round of 16: 3–0).

text: Brazil opened the scoring when from a corner when David Luiz turned Thiago Silva's flick-on into the net with his thigh. While replays suggested that Chilean defender Gonzalo Jara may have had the last touch,[4] FIFA later confirmed that the goal was scored by Luiz, not Jara.[5] Chile equalised when Hulk lost possession after a throw-in in his own half, Eduardo Vargas stole the ball and passed to Alexis Sánchez to score.[6]

text: In the second half, Hulk's goal was disallowed as Howard Webb adjudged that the player used his arm in bringing down the ball and gave him a yellow card instead.[7] Chances were few after that with Brazil dominating possession with Hulk forcing Claudio Bravo into a decent save, and the match went to extra time. The best chance of extra time came in the last seconds as Mauricio Pinilla's shot hit the crossbar.[8] In the resulting penalty shootout, the score was tied 2–2 after four rounds, with Brazil goalkeeper Júlio César saving from Pinilla and Sánchez, while Willian missed and Hulk's shot was saved by Bravo. In the fifth round, Neymar scored his penalty, meaning Chile had to score, but Jara's shot hit the inside of the post.[9] Brazil advanced to the quarter-finals to face Colombia.

text: The result meant that in all four World Cups where Chile qualified for the knockout stage, they were eliminated by Brazil.

text:
Brazil

1–1 (a.e.t.)

 Chile

David Luiz  18'

Report

Sánchez  32'

Penalties

David Luiz
Willian
Marcelo
Hulk
Neymar

3–2

 Pinilla
 Sánchez
 Aránguiz
 Díaz
 Jara

text:
Brazil

Chile

text:
GK
12
Júlio César

RB
2
Dani Alves
 105+1'

CB
3
Thiago Silva (c)

CB
4
David Luiz

LB
6
Marcelo

DM
5
Fernandinho

 72'

DM
17
Luiz Gustavo
 60'

RW
7
Hulk
 55'

AM
11
Oscar

 106'

LW
10
Neymar

CF
9
Fred

 64'

Substitutes:

FW
21
Jô
 93'
 64'

MF
16
Ramires

 72'

MF
19
Willian

 106'

Manager:

Luiz Felipe Scolari

GK
1
Claudio Bravo (c)

CB
5
Francisco Silva
 40'

CB
17
Gary Medel

 108'

CB
18
Gonzalo Jara

RWB
4
Mauricio Isla

LWB
2
Eugenio Mena
 17'

CM
20
Charles Aránguiz

CM
21
Marcelo Díaz

AM
8
Arturo Vidal

 87'

CF
7
Alexis Sánchez

CF
11
Eduardo Vargas

 57'

Substitutes:

MF
16
Felipe Gutiérrez

 57'

FW
9
Mauricio Pinilla
 102'
 87'

DF
13
José Rojas

 108'

Manager:

 Jorge Sampaoli

text:
Man of the Match:
Júlio César (Brazil)
Assistant referees:
Michael Mullarkey (England)
Darren Cann (England)
Fourth official:
Felix Brych (Germany)
Fifth official:
Mark Borsch (Germany)

text: Colombia vs Uruguay[edit]

text: The two teams had met in 38 previous matches,[10] including in the 1962 FIFA World Cup group stage, won 2–1 by Uruguay. Their most recent meetings were in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, with both teams winning at home, Colombia winning 4–0 and Uruguay winning 2–0. Uruguayan striker Luis Suárez was not in the line-up because of a nine-game ban imposed by FIFA due to a biting incident involving Italian defender Giorgio Chiellini during their final group stage match.[11]

text:
Colombia won 2–0 with both goals from James Rodríguez, the first in the 28th minute, where he controlled Abel Aguilar's headed ball on his chest before volleying left-footed from 25 yards out with the ball going in off the underside of the crossbar,[12] which won the 2014 FIFA Puskás Award later in the year.[13]
The second goal, in the 50th minute, was a close-range shot from six yards out after receiving the ball from a header by Juan Cuadrado on the right.[14]

text: Colombia progressed through to the quarter-finals for the first time in their history, where they would face Brazil.[15]

text:
Colombia

2–0

 Uruguay

Rodríguez  28', 50'

Report

text:
Colombia

Uruguay

text:
GK
1
David Ospina

RB
18
Juan Camilo Zúñiga

CB
2
Cristián Zapata

CB
3
Mario Yepes (c)

LB
7
Pablo Armero
 78'

RM
11
Juan Cuadrado

 81'

CM
8
Abel Aguilar

CM
6
Carlos Sánchez

LM
10
James Rodríguez

 85'

CF
9
Teófilo Gutiérrez

 68'

CF
21
Jackson Martínez

Substitutes:

MF
15
Alexander Mejía

 68'

MF
13
Fredy Guarín

 81'

FW
19
Adrián Ramos

 85'

Manager:

 José Pékerman

GK
1
Fernando Muslera

RB
22
Martín Cáceres

CB
13
José Giménez
 55'

CB
3
Diego Godín (c)

LB
6
Álvaro Pereira

 53'

RM
16
Maxi Pereira

CM
20
Álvaro González

 67'

CM
17
Egidio Arévalo

LM
7
Cristian Rodríguez

SS
21
Edinson Cavani

CF
10
Diego Forlán

 53'

Substitutes:

FW
11
Cristhian Stuani

 53'

MF
18
Gastón Ramírez

 53'

FW
8
Abel Hernández

 67'

DF
2
Diego Lugano
 77'[note 1]

Manager:

Óscar Tabárez

text:
Man of the Match:
James Rodríguez (Colombia)
Assistant referees:
Sander van Roekel (Netherlands)
Erwin Zeinstra (Netherlands)
Fourth official:
Svein Oddvar Moen (Norway)
Fifth official:
Kim Haglund (Norway)

text: Netherlands vs Mexico[edit]

text: The two teams had met in six previous matches,[16] including in the 1998 FIFA World Cup group stage, a 2–2 draw. Mexico midfielder José Juan Vázquez was suspended for the match due to accumulation of yellow cards.[17]

text:
Giovani dos Santos opened the scoring for Mexico early in the second half with a left-footed volley from outside the box after gathering a Dutch clearance.[18]
Mexico led until the 88th minute, when a Dutch corner was headed back by substitute Klaas-Jan Huntelaar for Wesley Sneijder to equalise with a hard shot from 16 yards. Only a few minutes later, with stoppage time coming to a close, Arjen Robben drew a penalty for the Netherlands after being fouled by Rafael Márquez on the right of the penalty area, which Huntelaar converted into the bottom left corner to win the match for the Netherlands.[19] Netherlands advanced to the quarter-finals to face Costa Rica, while Mexico were eliminated in the round of 16 for the sixth tournament in a row.[20]

text: The match was the first time in World Cup history where a cooling break was instituted, with temperatures at 32 °C (90 °F) and humidity levels at 68%.[21]

text:
Netherlands

2–1

 Mexico

Sneijder  88'
Huntelaar  90+4' (pen.)

Report

Dos Santos  48'

text:
Netherlands

Mexico

text:
GK
1
Jasper Cillessen

RB
12
Paul Verhaegh

 56'

CB
2
Ron Vlaar

CB
3
Stefan de Vrij

LB
5
Daley Blind

CM
15
Dirk Kuyt

CM
6
Nigel de Jong

 9'

CM
20
Georginio Wijnaldum

AM
10
Wesley Sneijder

CF
11
Arjen Robben

CF
9
Robin van Persie (c)

 76'

Substitutions:

DF
4
Bruno Martins Indi

 9'

MF
21
Memphis Depay

 56'

FW
19
Klaas-Jan Huntelaar

 76'

Manager:

Louis van Gaal

GK
13
Guillermo Ochoa

CB
2
Francisco Javier Rodríguez

CB
4
Rafael Márquez (c)
 90+2'

CB
15
Héctor Moreno

 46'

RWB
22
Paul Aguilar
 69'

LWB
7
Miguel Layún

CM
6
Héctor Herrera

CM
3
Carlos Salcido

CM
18
Andrés Guardado
 90+3'

CF
10
Giovani dos Santos

 61'

CF
19
Oribe Peralta

 75'

Substitutes:

DF
5
Diego Reyes

 46'

MF
20
Javier Aquino

 61'

FW
14
Javier Hernández

 75'

Manager:

Miguel Herrera

text:
Man of the Match:
Guillermo Ochoa (Mexico)
Assistant referees:
Bertino Cunha (Portugal)
Tiago Trigo (Portugal)
Fourth official:
Carlos Vera (Ecuador)
Fifth official:
Byron Romero (Ecuador)

text: Costa Rica vs Greece[edit]

text: The two teams had never met before.[22] This match was Greece's first ever in the FIFA World Cup knockout stage.

text: Bryan Ruiz opened the scoring in the 52nd minute when Christian Bolaños passed to him and he shot low left-footed from outside the penalty area to the right corner of the net with Greek goalkeeper Orestis Karnezis not moving on his line. Costa Rica were then reduced to 10 men with Óscar Duarte being sent off after picking up a second yellow card. Sokratis Papastathopoulos equalised in injury time shooting into the net from seven yards out after Costa Rica goalkeeper Keylor Navas had saved an initial shot from Theofanis Gekas.[23] No goals were scored in extra time, and the match went to a penalty shoot-out. During the intermission before the penalty shoot-out, the Greek coach Fernando Santos was sent off following a dispute with the referee.[24] In the penalty shoot-out, Navas saved Gekas' shot before Michael Umaña scored the winning penalty for Costa Rica hitting it high to the goalkeeper's right.[25]

text: This marked the first time that Costa Rica progressed to the quarter-finals in a FIFA World Cup, where they faced the Netherlands.

text:
Costa Rica

1–1 (a.e.t.)

 Greece

Ruiz  52'

Report

Papastathopoulos  90+1'

Penalties

Borges
Ruiz
González
Campbell
Umaña

5–3

 Mitroglou
 Christodoulopoulos
 Holebas
 Gekas

text:
Costa Rica

Greece

text:
GK
1
Keylor Navas
 90'

CB
6
Óscar Duarte
 42', 66'

CB
3
Giancarlo González

CB
4
Michael Umaña

RWB
16
Cristian Gamboa

 77'

LWB
15
Júnior Díaz

CM
5
Celso Borges

CM
17
Yeltsin Tejeda
 48'
 66'

RW
10
Bryan Ruiz (c)
 70'

LW
7
Christian Bolaños

 83'

CF
9
Joel Campbell

Substitutions:

MF
22
José Miguel Cubero

 66'

DF
2
Johnny Acosta

 77'

FW
14
Randall Brenes

 83'

MF
13
Óscar Granados
 57'[note 2]

Manager:

 Jorge Luis Pinto

GK
1
Orestis Karnezis

RB
15
Vasilis Torosidis

CB
4
Kostas Manolas
 72'

CB
19
Sokratis Papastathopoulos

LB
20
José Holebas

DM
10
Giorgos Karagounis (c)

CM
2
Giannis Maniatis

 78'

CM
22
Andreas Samaris
 36'
 58'

RW
14
Dimitris Salpingidis

 69'

LW
16
Lazaros Christodoulopoulos

CF
7
Georgios Samaras

Substitutes:

FW
9
Kostas Mitroglou

 58'

FW
17
Theofanis Gekas

 69'

MF
21
Kostas Katsouranis

 78'

Manager:

 Fernando Santos
 120+1'

text:
Man of the Match:
Keylor Navas (Costa Rica)
Assistant referees:
Matthew Cream (Australia)
Hakan Anaz (Australia)
Fourth official:
Nawaf Shukralla (Bahrain)
Fifth official:
Yaser Tulefat (Bahrain)

text: France vs Nigeria[edit]

text: The two teams had met in one previous match, in a friendly in 2009, won by Nigeria 1–0.[26]

text: Paul Pogba had the best chance in the first half but his right foot volley after a cross from the right was saved by Vincent Enyeama. In the second half Yohan Cabaye saw a shot come back off the bar.[27]	The opening goal came with 11 minutes to play when Pogba headed into the net after a mistake by Enyeama where he failed to hold onto a corner kick from the left by Mathieu Valbuena. In injury time, France got a second when Joseph Yobo put into his own net under pressure from Antoine Griezmann after a cross from the right by Valbuena.[28]

text: France advanced to the quarter-finals to face Germany, while Nigeria were eliminated at the round of 16 in all three World Cups where they reached the knockout stage.

text:
France

2–0

 Nigeria

Pogba  79'
Yobo  90+2' (o.g.)

Report

text:
France

Nigeria

text:
GK
1
Hugo Lloris (c)

RB
2
Mathieu Debuchy

CB
4
Raphaël Varane

CB
21
Laurent Koscielny

LB
3
Patrice Evra

DM
6
Yohan Cabaye

CM
19
Paul Pogba

CM
14
Blaise Matuidi
 54'

RW
8
Mathieu Valbuena

 90+4'

LW
10
Karim Benzema

CF
9
Olivier Giroud

 62'

Substitutions:

FW
11
Antoine Griezmann

 62'

MF
18
Moussa Sissoko

 90+4'

Manager:

Didier Deschamps

GK
1
Vincent Enyeama

RB
5
Efe Ambrose

CB
2
Joseph Yobo (c)

CB
13
Juwon Oshaniwa

LB
22
Kenneth Omeruo

RM
7
Ahmed Musa

CM
17
Ogenyi Onazi

 59'

CM
10
John Obi Mikel

LM
11
Victor Moses

 89'

SS
8
Peter Odemwingie

CF
9
Emmanuel Emenike

Substitutes:

MF
4
Reuben Gabriel

 59'

FW
19
Uche Nwofor

 89'

Manager:

Stephen Keshi

text:
Man of the Match:
Paul Pogba (France)
Assistant referees:
Mark Hurd (United States)
Joe Fletcher (Canada)
Fourth official:
Alireza Faghani (Iran)
Fifth official:
Hassan Kamranifar (Iran)

text: Germany vs Algeria[edit]

text: The two teams had met in two previous matches,[29] including in the 1982 FIFA World Cup group stage, where Algeria defeated West Germany 2–1. This match was Algeria's first ever in the FIFA World Cup knockout stage.

text:
After a goalless 90 minutes, Germany opened the scoring two minutes into extra time, when half-time substitute André Schürrle scored with a left foot back-heel from Thomas Müller's cross from the left.[30]
Germany extended the lead in the 120th minute when Mesut Özil converted with his left foot high into the net after Schürrle's shot was blocked on the line, but Algeria pulled one back in injury time when substitute Abdelmoumene Djabou scored with his left foot from six yards after a cross from the right by Sofiane Feghouli.[31]

text: Germany advanced to the quarter-finals to face France, continuing their streak of reaching the last eight in every World Cup since 1954.[32] Djabou's goal, timed at 120 minutes and 51 seconds, was the latest goal in World Cup history, surpassing Alessandro Del Piero's goal against Germany in 2006, timed at 120 minutes and 32 seconds.[33]

text:
Germany

2–1 (a.e.t.)

 Algeria

Schürrle  92'
Özil  120'

Report

Djabou  120+1'

text:
Germany

Algeria

text:
GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
21
Shkodran Mustafi

 70'

CB
17
Per Mertesacker

CB
20
Jérôme Boateng

LB
4
Benedikt Höwedes

DM
16
Philipp Lahm (c)
 107'

CM
7
Bastian Schweinsteiger

 109'

CM
18
Toni Kroos

RW
8
Mesut Özil

LW
19
Mario Götze

 46'

CF
13
Thomas Müller

Substitutes:

MF
9
André Schürrle

 46'

MF
6
Sami Khedira

 70'

MF
23
Christoph Kramer

 109'

Manager:

Joachim Löw

GK
23
Raïs M'Bolhi

CB
22
Mehdi Mostefa

CB
4
Essaïd Belkalem

CB
5
Rafik Halliche (c)
 42'
 97'

RWB
20
Aïssa Mandi

LWB
3
Faouzi Ghoulam

DM
8
Medhi Lacen

RM
19
Saphir Taïder

 78'

CM
10
Sofiane Feghouli

LM
13
Islam Slimani

CF
15
El Arbi Hillel Soudani

 100'

Substitutes:

MF
11
Yacine Brahimi

 78'

DF
2
Madjid Bougherra

 97'

MF
18
Abdelmoumene Djabou

 100'

Manager:

 Vahid Halilhodžić

text:
Man of the Match:
Raïs M'Bolhi (Algeria)
Assistant referees:
Emerson de Carvalho (Brazil)
Marcelo Van Gasse (Brazil)
Fourth official:
Walter López (Guatemala)
Fifth official:
Leonel Leal (Costa Rica)

text: Argentina vs Switzerland[edit]

text: The two teams had met in six previous matches,[34] including in the 1966 FIFA World Cup group stage, won by Argentina 2–0.

text:
The match went to extra time with Ángel Di María scoring the only goal with two minutes remaining with a side-foot finish from the right of the penalty area after a run and pass from Lionel Messi.[35]
Switzerland had a chance to equalise in injury time but Blerim Džemaili headed against the post then prodded the rebound wide.[36] Argentina advanced to the quarter-finals to face Belgium.

text:
Argentina

1–0 (a.e.t.)

  Switzerland

Di María  118'

Report

text:
Argentina

Switzerland

text:
GK
1
Sergio Romero

RB
4
Pablo Zabaleta

CB
17
Federico Fernández

CB
2
Ezequiel Garay
 120+4'

LB
16
Marcos Rojo
 90'
 105+1'

CM
5
Fernando Gago

 106'

CM
14
Javier Mascherano

CM
7
Ángel Di María
 120'

AM
10
Lionel Messi (c)

SS
22
Ezequiel Lavezzi

 74'

CF
9
Gonzalo Higuaín

Substitutes:

FW
18
Rodrigo Palacio

 74'

DF
23
José María Basanta

 105+1'

MF
6
Lucas Biglia

 106'

Manager:

Alejandro Sabella

GK
1
Diego Benaglio

RB
2
Stephan Lichtsteiner

CB
20
Johan Djourou

CB
22
Fabian Schär

LB
13
Ricardo Rodríguez

CM
11
Valon Behrami

CM
8
Gökhan Inler (c)

RW
23
Xherdan Shaqiri

AM
10
Granit Xhaka
 36'
 66'

LW
18
Admir Mehmedi

 113'

CF
19
Josip Drmić

 82'

Substitutions:

MF
16
Gelson Fernandes
 73'
 66'

MF
9
Haris Seferović

 82'

MF
15
Blerim Džemaili

 113'

Manager:

 Ottmar Hitzfeld

text:
Man of the Match:
Lionel Messi (Argentina)
Assistant referees:
Mathias Klasenius (Sweden)
Daniel Wärnmark (Sweden)
Fourth official:
Svein Oddvar Moen (Norway)
Fifth official:
Kim Haglund (Norway)

text: Belgium vs United States[edit]

text: The two teams had met in five previous matches,[37] including one in the 1930 FIFA World Cup group stage won by United States 3–0 and which was one of the two first FIFA World Cup matches to be played. An unofficial friendly between the two teams was scheduled on 12 June 2014 in São Paulo,[38] but was cancelled because of traffic due to the opening ceremony and match.[39] Belgium midfielder Steven Defour was suspended for the match,[40] after being sent off in the last group stage match against South Korea.

text:
In a game dominated by the Belgians, but still goalless through the first 90 minutes thanks to U.S. goalkeeper Tim Howard, U.S. striker Chris Wondolowski missed a great chance in stoppage time from less than five yards out. Thus, the game went to extra time and Belgium took the lead within two minutes. Romelu Lukaku, who came off the bench at the start of extra time, crossed from the right into the penalty area, Matt Besler failed to clear the ball, and Kevin De Bruyne shot low into the far corner from the right of the penalty area. Near the end of extra time first half, De Bruyne's through ball from the right set up Lukaku to extend the lead with a left footed shot to the net.[41]
The United States pulled one back early in extra time second half, when substitute Julian Green volleyed in Michael Bradley's lobbed pass with his right foot from near the penalty spot. Minutes later, the U.S. nearly equalised on a set piece routine that saw Clint Dempsey through on goal, but his first touch was too hard and the ball was corralled by Belgian goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois. Belgium held on for the win, and advanced to the quarter-finals to face Argentina.[42]

text: With Belgium's victory, the 2014 World Cup became the first tournament where all the top teams of the group stage advanced to the quarter-finals.[43] U.S. goalkeeper Tim Howard recorded 15 saves[44][note 3] in the match, which was the most saves recorded in a match since FIFA started to keep track of the number of saves in 1966.[45] Julian Green also became the youngest player to score a goal in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

text:
Belgium

2–1 (a.e.t.)

 United States

De Bruyne  93'
Lukaku  105'

Report

Green  107'

text:
Belgium

United States

text:
GK
1
Thibaut Courtois

RB
2
Toby Alderweireld

CB
15
Daniel Van Buyten

CB
4
Vincent Kompany (c)
 42'

LB
5
Jan Vertonghen

CM
6
Axel Witsel

CM
8
Marouane Fellaini

AM
7
Kevin De Bruyne

RW
14
Dries Mertens

 60'

LW
10
Eden Hazard

 111'

CF
17
Divock Origi

 91'

Substitutes:

MF
11
Kevin Mirallas

 60'

FW
9
Romelu Lukaku

 91'

MF
22
Nacer Chadli

 111'

Manager:

Marc Wilmots

GK
1
Tim Howard

RB
20
Geoff Cameron
 18'

CB
3
Omar Gonzalez

CB
5
Matt Besler

LB
7
DaMarcus Beasley

DM
13
Jermaine Jones

CM
19
Graham Zusi

 72'

CM
4
Michael Bradley

RW
23
Fabian Johnson

 32'

LW
11
Alejandro Bedoya

 105+2'

CF
8
Clint Dempsey (c)

Substitutes:

DF
2
DeAndre Yedlin

 32'

FW
18
Chris Wondolowski

 72'

MF
16
Julian Green

 105+2'

Manager:

 Jürgen Klinsmann

text:
Man of the Match:
Tim Howard (United States)
Assistant referees:
Rédouane Achik (Morocco)
Abdelhak Etchiali (Algeria)
Fourth official:
Norbert Hauata (Tahiti)
Fifth official:
Aden Range (Kenya)

text: Quarter-finals[edit]

text: France vs Germany[edit]

text: The two teams had met in 25 previous matches, including three times in the FIFA World Cup (1958, third place match: France 6–3 West Germany; 1982 semi-finals: France 3–3 (aet) West Germany, West Germany won 5–4 on penalties; 1986, semi-finals: France 0–2 West Germany).[46]

text: The only goal came in the 13th minute when Mats Hummels got ahead of his marker Raphaël Varane to head Germany into the lead from ten yards out after a free-kick from Toni Kroos on the left.[47] Karim Benzema had a shot in second half injury time from the left which he hit straight at Manuel Neuer.[48]

text: Germany advanced to the semi-finals where they would face Brazil. They became the first team to reach four straight World Cup semi-finals, breaking the record of three shared by their predecessor West Germany (1982, 1986, 1990) and Brazil (1994, 1998, 2002). Germany was also guaranteed their 13th top four finish, the most by any nation.[49]

text:
France

0–1

 Germany

Report

Hummels  13'

text:
France

Germany

text:
GK
1
Hugo Lloris (c)

RB
2
Mathieu Debuchy

CB
4
Raphaël Varane

CB
5
Mamadou Sakho

 72'

LB
3
Patrice Evra

CM
19
Paul Pogba

CM
6
Yohan Cabaye

 74'

CM
14
Blaise Matuidi

RW
8
Mathieu Valbuena

 84'

LW
11
Antoine Griezmann

CF
10
Karim Benzema

Substitutions:

DF
21
Laurent Koscielny

 72'

FW
20
Loïc Rémy

 74'

FW
9
Olivier Giroud

 84'

Manager:

Didier Deschamps

GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
16
Philipp Lahm (c)

CB
20
Jérôme Boateng

CB
5
Mats Hummels

LB
4
Benedikt Höwedes

CM
7
Bastian Schweinsteiger
 80'

CM
6
Sami Khedira
 54'

RW
13
Thomas Müller

AM
18
Toni Kroos

 90+3'

LW
8
Mesut Özil

 83'

CF
11
Miroslav Klose

 68'

Substitutes:

FW
9
André Schürrle

 68'

MF
19
Mario Götze

 83'

MF
23
Christoph Kramer

 90+3'

Manager:

Joachim Löw

text:
Man of the Match:
Mats Hummels (Germany)
Assistant referees:
Hernán Maidana (Argentina)
Juan Pablo Belatti (Argentina)
Fourth official:
Jonas Eriksson (Sweden)
Fifth official:
Mathias Klasenius (Sweden)

text: Brazil vs Colombia[edit]

text: The two teams had met in 25 previous matches, but never in the FIFA World Cup.[50] This was the first time Colombia had reached the quarter-finals of the World Cup. Brazil midfielder Luiz Gustavo was suspended for the match due to accumulation of yellow cards.[51]

text:
Brazil took the lead in the 7th minute, when Neymar's corner from the left was turned in from close range by Thiago Silva.[52]
They doubled the lead in the 69th minute when David Luiz scored directly from a long-range free kick, side-footing the ball over the wall and into the top-right corner. Colombia reduced the deficit with 10 minutes to go, when James Rodríguez converted a penalty kick low into the left corner and sent the goalkeeper the wrong way. The penalty was awarded after substitute Carlos Bacca was fouled by Brazil goalkeeper Júlio César.[53] Neymar was kneed in the back by Colombia defender Juan Camilo Zúñiga in the 88th minute, which resulted in the striker's withdrawal from the match. Subsequent medical evaluation discovered a fractured vertebra, forcing the Brazilian to miss the remainder of the tournament.[54] Brazil advanced to the semi-final, where they faced Germany.

text: James's sixth goal of the tournament was enough for him to win the Golden Boot award.[55] He also became the first player to score in his first five career World Cup matches since Peru’s Teófilo Cubillas (across the 1970 and 1978 tournaments).[56]

text:
Brazil

2–1

 Colombia

Thiago Silva  7'
David Luiz  69'

Report

Rodríguez  80' (pen.)

text:
Brazil

Colombia

text:
GK
12
Júlio César
 78'

RB
23
Maicon

CB
3
Thiago Silva (c)
 64'

CB
4
David Luiz

LB
6
Marcelo

CM
5
Fernandinho

CM
8
Paulinho

 86'

RW
7
Hulk

 82'

AM
11
Oscar

LW
10
Neymar

 88'

CF
9
Fred

Substitutes:

MF
16
Ramires

 82'

MF
18
Hernanes

 86'

DF
15
Henrique

 88'

Manager:

Luiz Felipe Scolari

GK
1
David Ospina

RB
18
Juan Camilo Zúñiga

CB
2
Cristián Zapata

CB
3
Mario Yepes (c)
 71'

LB
7
Pablo Armero

RM
11
Juan Cuadrado

 80'

CM
13
Fredy Guarín

CM
6
Carlos Sánchez

LM
14
Víctor Ibarbo

 46'

CF
9
Teófilo Gutiérrez

 70'

CF
10
James Rodríguez
 67'

Substitutes:

FW
19
Adrián Ramos

 46'

FW
17
Carlos Bacca

 70'

MF
20
Juan Quintero

 80'

Manager:

 José Pékerman

text:
Man of the Match:
David Luiz (Brazil)
Assistant referees:
Roberto Alonso (Spain)
Juan Carlos Yuste (Spain)
Fourth official:
Svein Oddvar Moen (Norway)
Fifth official:
Kim Haglund (Norway)

text: Argentina vs Belgium[edit]

text: The two teams had met in three previous matches, including twice in the FIFA World Cup (1982, group stage: Argentina 0–1 Belgium; 1986, semi-finals: Argentina 2–0 Belgium).[57] Argentina defender Marcos Rojo was suspended for the match due to accumulation of yellow cards.[58]

text:
The only goal of the match was scored by Argentina forward Gonzalo Higuaín in the eighth minute, a powerful shot with his right foot from just inside the penalty area after a pass from Di María was deflected to him by Belgium defender Jan Vertonghen.[59]
Higuaín had a chance to extend the lead in the second half, but his shot hit the crossbar.[60] Argentina won 1–0 to advance to the semi-finals, where they would face the Netherlands.

text:
Argentina

1–0

 Belgium

Higuaín  8'

Report

text:
Argentina

Belgium

text:
GK
1
Sergio Romero

RB
4
Pablo Zabaleta

CB
15
Martín Demichelis

CB
2
Ezequiel Garay

LB
23
José María Basanta

CM
6
Lucas Biglia
 75'

CM
14
Javier Mascherano

RW
22
Ezequiel Lavezzi

 71'

LW
7
Ángel Di María

 33'

CF
10
Lionel Messi (c)

CF
9
Gonzalo Higuaín

 81'

Substitutes:

MF
8
Enzo Pérez

 33'

FW
18
Rodrigo Palacio

 71'

MF
5
Fernando Gago

 81'

Manager:

Alejandro Sabella

GK
1
Thibaut Courtois

RB
2
Toby Alderweireld
 69'

CB
15
Daniel Van Buyten

CB
4
Vincent Kompany (c)

LB
5
Jan Vertonghen

CM
6
Axel Witsel

CM
8
Marouane Fellaini

RW
11
Kevin Mirallas

 60'

AM
7
Kevin De Bruyne

LW
10
Eden Hazard
 53'
 75'

CF
17
Divock Origi

 59'

Substitutions:

FW
9
Romelu Lukaku

 59'

FW
14
Dries Mertens

 60'

MF
22
Nacer Chadli

 75'

Manager:

Marc Wilmots

text:
Man of the Match:
Gonzalo Higuaín (Argentina)
Assistant referees:
Renato Faverani (Italy)
Andrea Stefani (Italy)
Fourth official:
Ben Williams (Australia)
Fifth official:
Matthew Cream (Australia)

text: Netherlands vs Costa Rica[edit]

text: The two teams had never met before.[61] This was the first time Costa Rica had reached the quarter-finals of the World Cup. Costa Rica defender Óscar Duarte was suspended for the match, after being sent off in the round of 16 match against Greece.[62]

text:
After a goalless 90 minutes, which saw Wesley Sneijder's free kick hit the post and Robin van Persie's shot deflected onto the crossbar by Costa Rica defender Yeltsin Tejeda, the match headed to extra time. In the second period, substitute Marco Ureña had a shot saved by Netherlands goalkeeper Jasper Cillessen, while Sneijder had another shot hit the crossbar. In added time at the end of 120 minutes, Dutch manager Louis van Gaal brought on Tim Krul to replace Cillessen.[63]
In the subsequent penalty shoot-out, Krul saved from Bryan Ruiz and Michael Umaña, while the Netherlands scored all four of their kicks to advance to the semi-finals, where they would face Argentina.[64]

text: Uzbek referee Ravshan Irmatov took charge of his ninth World Cup match, breaking the record of most World Cup games officiated, which he previously held jointly with Joël Quiniou of France, Benito Archundia of Mexico, and Jorge Larrionda of Uruguay.[65]

text:
Netherlands

0–0 (a.e.t.)

 Costa Rica

Report

Penalties

Van Persie
Robben
Sneijder
Kuyt

4–3

 Borges
 Ruiz
 González
 Bolaños
 Umaña

text:
Netherlands

Costa Rica

text:
GK
1
Jasper Cillessen

 120+1'

CB
3
Stefan de Vrij

CB
2
Ron Vlaar

CB
4
Bruno Martins Indi
 64'
 106'

RWB
15
Dirk Kuyt

LWB
5
Daley Blind

CM
20
Georginio Wijnaldum

CM
10
Wesley Sneijder

RW
11
Arjen Robben

LW
21
Memphis Depay

 76'

CF
9
Robin van Persie (c)

Substitutions:

MF
17
Jeremain Lens

 76'

FW
19
Klaas-Jan Huntelaar
 111'
 106'

GK
23
Tim Krul

 120+1'

Manager:

Louis van Gaal

GK
1
Keylor Navas

CB
2
Johnny Acosta
 107'

CB
3
Giancarlo González
 81'

CB
4
Michael Umaña
 52'

RWB
16
Cristian Gamboa

 79'

LWB
15
Júnior Díaz
 37'

CM
17
Yeltsin Tejeda

 97'

CM
5
Celso Borges

RW
10
Bryan Ruiz (c)

LW
7
Christian Bolaños

CF
9
Joel Campbell

 66'

Substitutes:

FW
21
Marco Ureña

 66'

DF
8
David Myrie

 79'

MF
22
José Miguel Cubero

 97'

Manager:

 Jorge Luis Pinto

text:
Man of the Match:
Keylor Navas (Costa Rica)
Assistant referees:
Abdukhamidullo Rasulov (Uzbekistan)
Bahadyr Kochkarov (Kyrgyzstan)
Fourth official:
Noumandiez Doué (Ivory Coast)
Fifth official:
Songuifolo Yeo (Ivory Coast)

text: Semi-finals[edit]

text: Brazil vs Germany[edit]

text: The two teams had met in 21 previous matches, including in the final of the 2002 FIFA World Cup (their only previous encounter in the tournament's history), won by Brazil 2–0.[66]

text: While Germany kept the same starting line-up as their quarter-final against France, Brazil made two changes: defender and captain Thiago Silva was suspended for the match due to accumulation of yellow cards,[67] and was replaced by Dante, while forward Neymar was sidelined after suffering a fractured vertebra in the quarter-final against Colombia,[54] and was replaced by Bernard.[68] Germany took the lead in the 11th minute, Thomas Müller volleying in Toni Kroos's corner. Miroslav Klose scored Germany's second goal, after a passing move saw him set up by Kroos, his first shot was saved by Brazil goalkeeper Júlio César, but he slotted in the rebound. Kroos then scored two quick goals in succession, the first one after Philipp Lahm's cross was missed by Müller, the second one after stealing the ball from Fernandinho and playing a quick one-two with Sami Khedira. Khedira then scored Germany's fourth goal in six minutes, after exchanging passes with Mesut Özil, to give Germany a 5–0 halftime lead. Substitute André Schürrle added two more goals in the second half, first slotting in from Lahm's cross, then scoring via the crossbar after a cut-back from Müller. Brazil scored a consolation goal in the 90th minute, as Oscar received a pass from Marcelo, dribbled inside and scored.[69] Germany reached their eighth World Cup final, a record by any nation, where they would face Argentina, while Brazil had to settle for the third-place play-off against the Netherlands.

text: The game equalled Brazil’s biggest margin of defeat, a 6–0 loss to Uruguay in 1920, and it broke a 62-match home unbeaten streak in competitive matches going back to the 1975 Copa América, where they lost 3–1 to Peru in the same exact stadium of this match.[70] The match also broke many World Cup records: It was Brazil's biggest World Cup defeat (eclipsing their 1998 final loss to France), the biggest defeat by a World Cup host nation (previous record was by three goals), and the biggest margin of victory in a World Cup semi-final (three previous semi-finals ended in 6–1 scorelines).[71]

text: Klose's goal was his 16th overall throughout his World Cup appearances, allowing him to beat Ronaldo for the record of all-time top scorer in World Cup finals tournaments.[72] Germany's seven goals took their total tally in World Cup history to 223, surpassing Brazil's 221 goals to first place overall.[73]

text:
Brazil

1–7

 Germany

Oscar  90'

Report

Müller  11'
Klose  23'
Kroos  24', 26'
Khedira  29'
Schürrle  69', 79'

text:
Brazil

Germany

text:
GK
12
Júlio César

RB
23
Maicon

CB
4
David Luiz (c)

CB
13
Dante
 68'

LB
6
Marcelo

CM
17
Luiz Gustavo

CM
5
Fernandinho

 46'

RW
7
Hulk

 46'

AM
11
Oscar

LW
20
Bernard

CF
9
Fred

 70'

Substitutes:

MF
16
Ramires

 46'

MF
8
Paulinho

 46'

MF
19
Willian

 70'

Manager:

Luiz Felipe Scolari

GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
16
Philipp Lahm (c)

CB
20
Jérôme Boateng

CB
5
Mats Hummels

 46'

LB
4
Benedikt Höwedes

CM
6
Sami Khedira

 76'

CM
7
Bastian Schweinsteiger

RW
13
Thomas Müller

AM
18
Toni Kroos

LW
8
Mesut Özil

CF
11
Miroslav Klose

 58'

Substitutes:

DF
17
Per Mertesacker

 46'

MF
9
André Schürrle

 58'

MF
14
Julian Draxler

 76'

Manager:

Joachim Löw

text:
Man of the Match:
Toni Kroos (Germany)
Assistant referees:
Marvin Torrentera (Mexico)
Marcos Quintero (Mexico)
Fourth official:
Mark Geiger (United States)
Fifth official:
Mark Hurd (United States)

text: Netherlands vs Argentina[edit]

text: The two teams had met in eight previous matches, including four times in the FIFA World Cup: Netherlands won 4–0 in the second group stage of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and 2–1 in the quarter-finals of the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Argentina won 3–1 (after extra time) in the final of the 1978 FIFA World Cup, where as a group stage encounter of the 2006 FIFA World Cup ended in a 0–0 draw.[74]

text: The Netherlands made one change to their starting line-up from their quarter-final, with Nigel de Jong returning from injury to replace Memphis Depay, while Argentina made two changes, with Marcos Rojo returning from suspension to replace José María Basanta and Enzo Pérez replacing the injured Di María.[75] The match finished 0–0 after extra-time with very little chances as both sides cancelled each other out.[76] In the penalty shoot-out, Sergio Romero saved the first penalty from Ron Vlaar diving to his left and the fifth penalty of the shoot-out from Wesley Sneijder when he dived high to his right. Argentina scored all of their four penalties to win 4–2.[77] Maxi Rodríguez scored the decisive fourth penalty, shooting to Dutch goalkeeper Jasper Cillessen's right to send Argentina into the final, where they would face Germany, while the Netherlands had to settle for the third-place play-off against Brazil.

text: This was the first World Cup semi-final to end in a goalless draw.[78] Argentina won their fourth World Cup penalty shoot-out, tied with Germany for most wins, and were involved in their fifth World Cup shoot-out, a record for any nation.

text:
Netherlands

0–0 (a.e.t.)

 Argentina

Report

Penalties

Vlaar
Robben
Sneijder
Kuyt

2–4

 Messi
 Garay
 Agüero
 Rodríguez

text:
Netherlands

Argentina

text:
GK
1
Jasper Cillessen

CB
3
Stefan de Vrij

CB
2
Ron Vlaar

CB
4
Bruno Martins Indi
 45'
 46'

RWB
15
Dirk Kuyt

LWB
5
Daley Blind

CM
6
Nigel de Jong

 62'

CM
20
Georginio Wijnaldum

AM
10
Wesley Sneijder

CF
11
Arjen Robben

CF
9
Robin van Persie (c)

 96'

Substitutions:

DF
7
Daryl Janmaat

 46'

MF
16
Jordy Clasie

 62'

FW
19
Klaas-Jan Huntelaar
 105'
 96'

Manager:

Louis van Gaal

GK
1
Sergio Romero

RB
4
Pablo Zabaleta

CB
15
Martín Demichelis
 49'

CB
2
Ezequiel Garay

LB
16
Marcos Rojo

CM
6
Lucas Biglia

CM
14
Javier Mascherano

CM
8
Enzo Pérez

 81'

SS
10
Lionel Messi (c)

CF
9
Gonzalo Higuaín

 82'

CF
22
Ezequiel Lavezzi

 101'

Substitutes:

FW
18
Rodrigo Palacio

 81'

FW
20
Sergio Agüero

 82'

MF
11
Maxi Rodríguez

 101'

Manager:

Alejandro Sabella

text:
Man of the Match:
Sergio Romero (Argentina)
Assistant referees:
Bahattin Duran (Turkey)
Tarık Ongun (Turkey)
Fourth official:
Jonas Eriksson (Sweden)
Fifth official:
Mathias Klasenius (Sweden)

text: Third place play-off[edit]

text: The two teams had met in 11 previous meetings, including four times in the FIFA World Cup: Netherlands won 2–0 in the second group stage of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and 2–1 in the quarter-finals of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, and Brazil won 3–2 in the quarter-finals of the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 4–2 on penalties after a 1–1 draw (after extra time) in the semi-finals of the 1998 FIFA World Cup.[79]

text: Brazil made six changes in their starting line-up from their semi-final, while the Netherlands made only two, with Wesley Sneijder, who was originally part of the Dutch starting line-up, replaced by Jonathan de Guzmán after an injury during the pre-match warm-up prevented him from playing.[80] The Netherlands opened the scoring within three minutes, after Robin van Persie converted a penalty kick awarded for a foul on Arjen Robben by Thiago Silva. Daley Blind extended the lead in the 17th minute, scoring after a David Luiz headed clearance fell to him inside the penalty area. Georginio Wijnaldum completed the scoring in second half injury time as he shot home from substitute Daryl Janmaat's cross from the right.[81][82]

text: The Netherlands finished third for the first time in their World Cup history.[83] With Michel Vorm's participation (who was substituted into the match in second half injury time), the Netherlands became the first team to use all of their 23 players in a World Cup since the finals squads were expanded from 22 to 23 players in 2002.[84] Brazil, who finished fourth for the second time in World Cup history, conceded a total of 14 goals in the tournament, the most they had ever allowed in a World Cup and also the most conceded by any World Cup hosts.[85] Brazil also became the second team to concede 100 World Cup goals, after Germany. Van Persie's goal was the 100th goal that Brazil have conceded in the FIFA World Cup and made him the 2nd highest Dutch goalscorer with 6 World Cup goals along with Wesley Sneijder, Arjen Robben, Dennis Bergkamp, and Rob Rensenbrink, all before Johnny Rep with 7 World Cup goals. Lastly, since the beginning of the 21st century of the World Cups (first one being in 2002), all four World Cups in 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014 involved the third-place victors all winning a third-place match with 3 goals.[86][87]

text:
Brazil

0–3

 Netherlands

Report

Van Persie  3' (pen.)
Blind  17'
Wijnaldum  90+1'

text:
Brazil

Netherlands

text:
GK
12
Júlio César

RB
23
Maicon

CB
3
Thiago Silva (c)
 2'

CB
4
David Luiz

LB
14
Maxwell

CM
8
Paulinho

 57'

CM
17
Luiz Gustavo

 46'

RW
16
Ramires

 73'

AM
11
Oscar
 68'

LW
19
Willian

CF
21
Jô

Substitutes:

MF
5
Fernandinho
 54'
 46'

MF
18
Hernanes

 57'

FW
7
Hulk

 73'

Manager:

Luiz Felipe Scolari

GK
1
Jasper Cillessen

 90+3'

CB
3
Stefan de Vrij

CB
2
Ron Vlaar

CB
4
Bruno Martins Indi

RWB
15
Dirk Kuyt

LWB
5
Daley Blind

 70'

CM
20
Georginio Wijnaldum

CM
16
Jordy Clasie

 90'

CM
8
Jonathan de Guzmán
 36'

CF
9
Robin van Persie (c)

CF
11
Arjen Robben
 9'

Substitutes:

DF
7
Daryl Janmaat

 70'

DF
13
Joël Veltman

 90'

GK
22
Michel Vorm

 90+3'

Manager:

Louis van Gaal

text:
Man of the Match:
Arjen Robben (Netherlands)
Assistant referees:
Rédouane Achik (Morocco)
Abdelhalk Etchiali (Algeria)
Fourth official:
Yuichi Nishimura (Japan)
Fifth official:
Toru Sagara (Japan)

text: Final[edit]

text: The two teams had met in 20 previous matches, including six times in the FIFA World Cup: 1958, group stage: West Germany 3–1 Argentina; 1966, group stage: West Germany 0–0 Argentina; 1986, final: West Germany 2–3 Argentina; 1990, final: West Germany 1–0 Argentina; 2006, quarter-finals: Germany 1–1 Argentina (after extra time, Germany won 4–2 on penalties); 2010 FIFA World Cup, quarter-finals: Germany 4–0 Argentina.[88] Their third final meeting is the most ever in World Cup history, and also tied the record for the most frequent fixture in tournament history, as Brazil vs Sweden and Germany vs Serbia (including Yugoslavia) had also been played seven times in the World Cup.[89]

text: Both teams initially named unchanged starting line-ups from their semi-finals,[90] but Germany had to make a late change as Sami Khedira injured his calf and was replaced by Christoph Kramer, who was himself substituted in the first half by André Schürrle after a blow to his head.[91] In the first half, Gonzalo Higuaín shot wide after a Toni Kroos's misplaced header fell to him, and also had a goal disallowed for offside. Later, Jérôme Boateng cleared off the line after a Lionel Messi run, and Benedikt Höwedes's header hit the post. In the second half, Argentina's best chance fell to Messi, whose shot went just wide, while Toni Kroos also had a chance for Germany but could not convert. For the third World Cup final in a row, the match went to extra time. In the first half, Schürrle had a shot saved by Sergio Romero, while Rodrigo Palacio's lobbed shot was also unsuccessful. Germany scored the only goal in the second half, as Schürrle ran down the left wing and crossed for substitute Mario Götze, who controlled the ball on his chest and volleyed past Romero.[92]

text: Germany won their fourth World Cup title, and their first title since German reunification (they won as West Germany in 1954, 1974, and 1990). It was the first time a European team won the tournament in the Americas. For the third tournament in a row, the World Cup was won by a European team, first time for any confederation. Argentina finished as the runners-up for the third time in their history.[93]

text: A total of 171 goals were scored in the tournament, a joint record along with the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Götze's goal was the 32nd by a substitute, a World Cup record. Including the final, a total of eight matches went to extra time, a joint record along with the 1990 FIFA World Cup.[94]

text:
Germany

1–0 (a.e.t.)

 Argentina

Götze  113'

Report

text:
Germany

Argentina

text:
GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
16
Philipp Lahm (c)

CB
20
Jérôme Boateng

CB
5
Mats Hummels

LB
4
Benedikt Höwedes
 34'

CM
23
Christoph Kramer

 31'

CM
7
Bastian Schweinsteiger
 29'

RW
13
Thomas Müller

AM
18
Toni Kroos

LW
8
Mesut Özil

 120'

CF
11
Miroslav Klose

 88'

Substitutions:

FW
9
André Schürrle

 31'

MF
19
Mario Götze

 88'

DF
17
Per Mertesacker

 120'

Manager:

Joachim Löw

GK
1
Sergio Romero

RB
4
Pablo Zabaleta

CB
15
Martín Demichelis

CB
2
Ezequiel Garay

LB
16
Marcos Rojo

CM
14
Javier Mascherano
 64'

CM
6
Lucas Biglia

RW
8
Enzo Pérez

 86'

LW
22
Ezequiel Lavezzi

 46'

SS
10
Lionel Messi (c)

CF
9
Gonzalo Higuaín

 78'

Substitutions:

FW
20
Sergio Agüero
 65'
 46'

FW
18
Rodrigo Palacio

 78'

MF
5
Fernando Gago

 86'

Manager:

Alejandro Sabella

text:
Man of the Match:
Mario Götze (Germany)
Assistant referees:
Renato Faverani (Italy)
Andrea Stefani (Italy)
Fourth official:
Carlos Vera (Ecuador)
Fifth official:
Christian Lescano (Ecuador)

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Despite not playing, Lugano received a yellow card on the bench.

Jump up ^ Despite not playing, Granados received a yellow card on the bench.

Jump up ^ FIFA's initial match statistics showed 16 saves, and many news sources continue to use this number. The official FIFA statistics were updated on 5 July 2014 to show 15 saves.


document_title: List of people executed in Nebraska

question_text: who was the last person executed in the state of nebraska

text: List of people executed in Nebraska

text: The following is a list of individuals executed by the U.S. State of Nebraska since its statehood.

text: Before 1903[edit]

text: A total of 14 individuals have been executed in Nebraska from its statehood in 1867 when counties carried out executions until 1903 when the state took over executions.

text:
Executed person

Date of execution

Method

Crime

Victims

Under Governor

1

Samuel Richards

January 15, 1879

hanging

murder

Peter Anderson

Albinus Nance

2

Orlando Caslar

May 20, 1879

hanging

murder

George L. Monroe

Albinus Nance

3

Milton W. Smith

July 24, 1885

hanging

murder

his wife (name unknown)

James W. Dawes

4

Jim Reynolds

May 21, 1886

hanging

murder

James and John Pinkston

James W. Dawes

5

William Jackson MarionA

March 25, 1887

hanging

murder

James Cameron

John Milton Thayer

6

David Hoffman

July 22, 1887

hanging

murder

James B. DeWitt

John Milton Thayer

7

Albert Haunstine

May 17, 1891

hanging

murder

Hiram Roten and William Ashley

John Milton Thayer

8

Christian FurstB

June 5, 1891

hanging

murder

Carl J. Pulsifer

John Milton Thayer

9

Charles ShepherdB

June 5, 1891

hanging

murder

Carl J. Pulsifer

John Milton Thayer

10

Ed Neil

October 9, 1891

hanging

murder

Allen and Dorothy Jones

John Milton Thayer

11

Clinton E. DixonC

June 24, 1892

hanging

murder

Corporal Thomas Carter

James E. Boyd

12

Harry Hill

March 1, 1895

hanging

murder

Mattes Akeson

Silas A. Holcomb

13

Claude H. Hoover

August 7, 1896

hanging

murder

Samual DuBois

Silas A. Holcomb

14

George W. Morgan

October 8, 1897

hanging

murder

Ida Gaskill

Silas A. Holcomb

text:
A  William Jackson Marion was convicted and executed for the murder of John Cameron. However, Cameron turned up alive in 1891. Marion received a posthumous pardon by Nebraska Governor Bob Kerrey on the 100th anniversary of his execution.

B B  Although Christian Furst and Charles Shepherd are listed at 8 and 9, they were both hanged together simultaneously in the only double hanging in Nebraska's history.

C  Private Clinton Dixon and his victim Corporal Thomas Carter were both members of the U.S. Army (Sixth U.S. Cavalry) making Dixon's execution a U.S. military execution. As such, only the President could grant clemency. President Benjamin Harrison declined to intervene.

text: A total of 20 individuals were executed by Nebraska after 1897 and before the 1972 Supreme Court capital punishment ban.

text:
Executed person

Date of execution

Method

Crime

Victims

Under Governor

1

Gottlieb Neigenfiend

March 13, 1903

hanging

murder

Anna Bryer and Albert Bryer (ex-wife and ex-father in law)

John H. Mickey

2

William Rhea

July 10, 1903

hanging

murder

Herman Zahn

John H. Mickey

3

Harrison Clark

December 13, 1907

hanging

murder

Ed Flury

George L. Sheldon

4

Frank Barker

January 17, 1908

hanging

murder

Daniel and Alice Barker (his brother and sister in law)

George L. Sheldon

5

Robert M. Shumway

March 5, 1909

hanging

murder

Sarah Martin

Ashton C. Shallenberger

6

Bert M. Taylor

January 28, 1910

hanging

murder

Pearl Taylor (sister in law)

Ashton C. Shallenberger

7

Thomas Johnson

May 19, 1911

hanging

murder

Henry R. Frankland

Chester H. Aldrich

8

Albert Prince

March 21, 1913

hanging

murder

Nebraska State Penitentiary Deputy Warden Edward D.Davis

John H. Morehead

9

Allen V. GrammerA

December 20, 1920

electric chair

murder

Lulu Vogt (Grammer's mother in law)

Samuel R. McKelvie

10

Alson B. ColeA

December 20, 1920

electric chair

murder

Lulu Vogt (Allen Grammer's mother in law)

Samuel R. McKelvie

11

James B. King

June 9, 1922

electric chair

murder

Nebraska State Penitentiary prison guard Robert L. Taylor

Samuel R. McKelvie

12

Walter R. Simmons

August 11, 1925

electric chair

murder

Frank Pahl

Adam McMullen

13

Henry E. Bartlett

April 29, 1927

electric chair

murder

Asa Ranson (Minden, Nebraska Police Chief)

Adam McMullen

14

Frank Carter

June 24, 1927

electric chair

murder

William McDevitt and Dr. A.D. Searles

Adam McMullen

15

Frank E. Sharp

October 19, 1928

electric chair

murder

Hariet Sharp (his wife)

Adam McMullen

16

Henry Sherman

May 31, 1929

electric chair

murder

Roger and Hattie Pochon, Eugenie Pochon

Arthur J. Weaver

17

Joseph T. MacAvoy

March 23, 1945

electric chair

murder

Anna Milroy

Dwight Griswold

18

Timothy Iron Bear

December 1, 1948

electric chair

murder

John W. and Grace Stollar

Val Peterson

19

Roland Dean Sundahl

April 30, 1952

electric chair

murder

Bonnie Lou Merrill

Val Peterson

20

Charles StarkweatherB

June 25, 1959

electric chair

murder

Robert Jensen

Ralph G. Brooks

text:
A A  Allen Grammer and Alson Cole were the first men electrocuted, and the only double electrocution in Nebraska. Allen Grammer was the first man to be electrocuted by the State of Nebraska, pronounced dead at 3:24 pm. Alson Cole was pronounced dead at 3:37 pm.

B  Although Charles Starkweather murdered 10 people in Nebraska (and one in Wyoming), he was tried, convicted, and executed for only one murder, that of 17-year-old Robert Jensen.

text: After 1976[edit]

text: Three individuals convicted of murder have been executed by Nebraska since 1976. All were executed by the electric chair. On April 21, 2011, the Nebraska Supreme Court set the first execution date via lethal injection for June 14, 2011. On May 26, 2011, the Nebraska Supreme Court stayed the execution due to objections that the sodium thiopental that Nebraska purchased from a Mumbai company failed to comply with U.S. pharmaceutical standards.

text:
Executed person

Date of execution

Victims

Under Governor

1

Harold Lamont "Wili" Otey

September 2, 1994

Jane McManus

Ben Nelson

2

John Joseph Joubert A

July 17, 1996

Danny Eberle and Christopher Walden

3

Robert E. Williams B [1][2]

December 2, 1997

Catherine Brooks and Patricia McGarry

text:
A  John Joubert was also tried and convicted of murdering Ricky Stetson in Portland, Maine. He received a life sentence in Maine.

B  Robert E. Williams also murdered Virginia Rowe of Sioux Rapids, Iowa.[2]