document_title: Great Society

question_text: which great society program dealt with urban renewal

question_tokens: which great society program dealt with urban renewal

text: Great Society

text: Economic and social conditions[edit]

text: Unlike the old New Deal, which was a response to a severe financial and economic calamity, the Great Society initiatives came during a period of rapid economic growth. Kennedy proposed an across-the-board tax cut lowering the top marginal income tax rate in the United States by 20%, from 91% to 71%, which was enacted in February 1964, three months after Kennedy's assassination, under Johnson. The tax cut also significantly reduced marginal rates in the lower brackets as well as for corporations. The gross national product rose 10% in the first year of the tax cut, and economic growth averaged a rate of 4.5% from 1961 to 1968.[3]

text: Johnson's tax cut measure triggered[citation needed] what one historian described as "the greatest prosperity of the postwar years." GNP increased by 7% in 1964, 8% in 1965, and 9% in 1966. The unemployment rate fell below 5%, and by 1966 the number of families with incomes of $7,000 a year or more had reached 55%, compared with 22% in 1950. In 1968, when John Kenneth Galbraith published a new edition of The Affluent Society, the average income of the American family stood at $8,000, double what it had been a decade earlier.[4]

text: Disposable personal income rose 15% in 1966 alone. Federal revenues increased dramatically from $94 billion in 1961 to $150 billion in 1967. As the Baby Boom generation aged, two and a half times more Americans would enter the labor force between 1965 and 1980 than between 1950 and 1965.

text: Race[edit]

text: Social crisis confronted the nation. Racial segregation persisted in the Southern United States. The Civil Rights Movement was gathering momentum, and in 1964, urban riots began within black neighborhoods in New York City and Los Angeles. By 1968 hundreds[citation needed] of cities had major African-American riots that caused a severe conservative political backlash. Foreign affairs were generally quiet except for the Vietnam War, which escalated from limited involvement in 1963 to a large-scale military operation in 1968 that soon overshadowed the Great Society.

text: Johnson's speeches in Ohio and Michigan[edit]

text: Johnson's first public reference to the "Great Society" took place during a speech to students on May 7, 1964, at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio:

text: And with your courage and with your compassion and your desire, we will build a Great Society. It is a society where no child will go unfed, and no youngster will go unschooled.[5]

text: He later formally presented his specific goals for the Great Society in another speech at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on May 22, 1964.

text: We are going to assemble the best thought and broadest knowledge from all over the world to find these answers. I intend to establish working groups to prepare a series of conferences and meetings—on the cities, on natural beauty, on the quality of education, and on other emerging challenges. From these studies, we will begin to set our course toward the Great Society.[6]

text: The 1965 legislative program and the presidential task forces[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Kennedy had employed several task forces composed of scholars and experts to craft New Frontier legislation and to deal with foreign affairs. The reliance on experts appealed to Johnson, in part because the task forces would work in secret and outside of the existing governmental bureaucracy and directly for the White House staff. Almost immediately after the Ann Arbor speech, 14 separate task forces began studying nearly all major aspects of United States society under the guidance of presidential assistants Bill Moyers and Richard N. Goodwin.

text: The average task force had five to seven members and generally was composed of governmental experts and academics.[7] Only one of the task forces on the 1965 legislative program addressed foreign affairs and foreign economic policy. The rest were charged with domestic policy (agriculture, anti-recession policy, civil rights, education, efficiency and economy, health, income maintenance policy, intergovernmental fiscal cooperation, natural resources, pollution of the environment, preservation of natural beauty, transportation, and urban problems).

text: After the task force reports were submitted to the White House, Moyers began a second round of review. The recommendations were circulated among the agencies concerned and were evaluated by new committees composed mostly of government officials. Experts on relations with Congress were also drawn into the deliberations to get the best advice on persuading the Congress to pass the legislation. In late 1964 Johnson reviewed these initial Great Society proposals at his ranch with Moyers and Budget Director Kermit Gordon. Many of them were included in Johnson’s State of the Union Address delivered on January 4, 1965.

text: The task-force approach, combined with Johnson's electoral victory in 1964 and his talents in obtaining congressional approval, were widely credited with the success of the legislation agenda in 1965. Critics later cited the task forces as a factor in a perceived elitist approach to Great Society programs. Also, because many of the initiatives did not originate from outside lobbying, some programs had no political constituencies that would support their continued funding.

text: The election of 1964[edit]

text: With the exception of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,[8] the Great Society agenda was not a widely discussed issue during the 1964 presidential election campaign. Johnson won the election with 61% of the vote, and he carried all but six states. Democrats gained enough seats to control more than two-thirds of each chamber in the Eighty-ninth Congress, with a 68–32 margin in the Senate and a 295–140 margin in the House of Representatives.[4]

text: The two sessions of the Eighty-Ninth Congress[edit]

text: The political realignment allowed House leaders to alter rules that had allowed Southern Democrats to kill New Frontier and civil rights legislation in committee, which aided efforts to pass Great Society legislation. In 1965, the first session of the Eighty-Ninth Congress created the core of the Great Society. It began by enacting long-stalled legislation such as Medicare and federal aid to education and then moved into other areas, including high-speed mass transit, rental supplements, truth in packaging, environmental safety legislation, new provisions for mental health facilities, the Teacher Corps, manpower training, the Head Start program, aid to urban mass transit, a demonstration cities program, a housing act that included rental subsidies, and an act for higher education.[4] The Johnson Administration submitted 87 bills to Congress, and Johnson signed 84, or 96%, arguably the most successful legislative agenda in US congressional history.[9]

text: The major policy areas[edit]

text: Civil rights[edit]

text: Historian Alan Brinkley has suggested that the most important domestic achievement of the Great Society may have been its success in translating some of the demands of the civil rights movement into law.[10] Four civil rights acts were passed, including three laws in the first two years of Johnson's presidency. The Civil Rights Act of 1964[8] forbade job discrimination and the segregation of public accommodations.

text: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 assured minority registration and voting. It suspended use of literacy or other voter-qualification tests that had sometimes served to keep African-Americans off voting lists and provided for federal court lawsuits to stop discriminatory poll taxes. It also reinforced the Civil Rights Act of 1964[8] by authorizing the appointment of federal voting examiners in areas that did not meet voter-participation requirements. The Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965 abolished the national-origin quotas in immigration law. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned housing discrimination and extended constitutional protections to Native Americans on reservations.

text: The "War On Poverty"[edit]

text: The most ambitious and controversial part of the Great Society was its initiative to end poverty. The Kennedy Administration had been contemplating a federal effort against poverty. Johnson, who, as a teacher, had observed extreme poverty in Texas among Mexican-Americans, launched an "unconditional war on poverty" in the first months of his presidency with the goal of eliminating hunger, illiteracy, and unemployment from American life. The centerpiece of the War on Poverty was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, which created an Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to oversee a variety of community-based antipoverty programs.

text: Federal funds were provided for special education schemes in slum areas, including help in paying for books and transport, while financial aid was also provided for slum clearances and rebuilding city areas. In addition, the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 created jobs in one of the most impoverished regions of the country.[citation needed] The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 provided various methods through which young people from poor homes could receive job training and higher education.[11]

text: The OEO reflected a fragile consensus among policymakers that the best way to deal with poverty was not simply to raise the incomes of the poor but to help them better themselves through education, job training, and community development. Central to its mission was the idea of "community action", the participation of the poor in framing and administering the programs designed to help them.

text: The programs[edit]

text: The War on Poverty began with a $1 billion appropriation in 1964 and spent another $2 billion in the following two years. It gave rise to dozens of programs, among them the Job Corps, whose purpose was to help disadvantaged youth develop marketable skills; the Neighborhood Youth Corps, established to give poor urban youths work experience and to encourage them to stay in school; Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA), a domestic version of the Peace Corps, which placed concerned citizens with community-based agencies to work towards empowerment of the poor; the Model Cities Program for urban redevelopment; Upward Bound, which assisted poor high school students entering college; legal services for the poor; and the Food Stamp Act of 1964 (which expanded the federal food stamp program).[12]

text: Programs included the Community Action Program, which initiated local Community Action Agencies charged with helping the poor become self-sufficient; and Project Head Start, which offered preschool education for poor children. In addition, funding was provided for the establishment of community health centers to expand access to health care,[13] while major amendments were made to Social Security in 1965 and 1967 which significantly increased benefits, expanded coverage, and established new programs to combat poverty and raise living standards.[14] In addition, average AFDC payments were 35% higher in 1968 than in 1960, but remained insufficient and uneven.[15]

text: Education[edit]

text: The most important educational component of the Great Society was the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, designed by Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel. It was signed into law on April 11, 1965, less than three months after it was introduced. It ended a long-standing political taboo by providing significant federal aid to public education, initially allocating more than $1 billion to help schools purchase materials and start special education programs to schools with a high concentration of low-income children. During its first year of operation, the Act authorized a $1.1 billion program of grants to states, for allocations to school districts with large numbers of children of low income families, funds to use community facilities for education within the entire community, funds to improve educational research and to strengthen state departments of education, and grants for purchase of books and library materials.[16] The Act also established Head Start, which had originally been started by the Office of Economic Opportunity as an eight-week summer program, as a permanent program.

text: The Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963, which was signed into law by Johnson a month after becoming president,[17] authorized several times more college aid within a five-year period than had been appropriated under the Land Grant College in a century. It provided better college libraries, ten to twenty new graduate centers, several new technical institutes, classrooms for several hundred thousand students, and twenty-five to thirty new community colleges a year.[18]

text: This major piece of legislation was followed by the Higher Education Act of 1965, which increased federal money given to universities, created scholarships and low-interest loans for students, and established a national Teacher Corps to provide teachers to poverty-stricken areas of the United States. The Act also began a transition from federally funded institutional assistance to individual student aid.

text: In 1964, basic improvements in the National Defense Education Act were achieved, and total funds available to educational institutions were increased. The yearly limit on loans to graduate and professional students was raised from $1,000 to $2,500, and the aggregate limit was raised from $5,000 to $10,000. The program was extended to include geography, history, reading, English, and civics, and guidance and counselling programs were extended to elementary and public junior high schools.[12]

text: The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 offered federal aid to local school districts in assisting them to address the needs of children with limited English-speaking ability until it expired in 2002.[19]

text: The Great Society programs also provided support for postgraduate clinical training for both nurses and physicians committed to work with disadvantaged patients in rural and urban health clinics.[20]

text: Health[edit]

text: Medicare[edit]

text: The Social Security Act of 1965 authorized Medicare and provided federal funding for many of the medical costs of older Americans.[21] The legislation overcame the bitter resistance, particularly from the American Medical Association, to the idea of publicly funded health care or "socialized medicine" by making its benefits available to everyone over sixty-five, regardless of need, and by linking payments to the existing private insurance system.

text: Medicaid[edit]

text: In 1966 welfare recipients of all ages received medical care through the Medicaid program. Medicaid was created on July 30, 1965 under Title XIX of the Social Security Act of 1965. Each state administers its own Medicaid program while the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) monitors the state-run programs and establishes requirements for service delivery, quality, funding, and eligibility standards.

text: Welfare[edit]

text: A number of improvements were made to the Social Security program in terms of both coverage and adequacy of benefits. The Tax Adjustment Act of 1966 included a provision for special payments under the social security program to certain uninsured individuals aged 72 and over. The Social Security Amendments of 1965 included a 7% increase in cash benefits, a liberalization of the definition of disability, a liberalization of the amount a person can earn and still get full benefits (the so-called retirement test), payment of benefits to eligible children aged 18–21 who are attending school, payment of benefits to widows at age 60 on an actuarially reduced basis, coverage of self-employed physicians, coverage of tips as wages, liberalization of insured-status requirements for persons already aged 72 or over, an increase to $6,600 the amount of earnings counted for contribution and benefit purposes (the contribution and benefit base), and an increase in the contribution rate schedule.[14]

text: The Social Security Amendments of 1967 included a 13% increase in old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits, with a minimum monthly benefit of $55 for a person retiring at or after age-65 (or receiving disability benefits), an increase from $35 to $40 in the special age-72 payments, an increase from $1,500 to $1,680 in the amount a person may earn in a year and still get full benefits for that year, monthly cash benefits for disabled widows and disabled dependent widowers at age 50 at reduced rates, a liberalization of the eligibility requirements for benefits for dependents and Survivors of women workers, and an alternative insured-status test for workers disabled before age 31.[14]

text: Additionally, new guidelines for determining eligibility for disability insurance benefits, additional non-contributory wage credits for servicemen, broadened coverage of clergy and members of religious orders who have not taken a vow of poverty, and an increase in the contribution and benefit base from $6,600 to $7,800, beginning in 1968. In addition, the Social Security Amendments of 1967 provided the first major amendments of Medicare. These social security amendments extended the coverage of the program to include certain services previously excluded, simplified reimbursement procedures under both the hospital and medical insurance plans, and facilitated the administrative procedures concerning general enrollment periods.[14]

text: The Food Stamp Act of 1964 made the program permanent, while the Social Security Amendments of 1967 specified that at least 6% of monies for maternal and child health should be spent on family planning. By 1967, the federal government began requiring state health departments to make contraceptives available to all adults who were poor. Meal programs for low-income senior citizens began in 1965, with the federal government providing funding for "congregate meals" and "home-delivered meals."[22] The Child Nutrition Act, passed in 1966, made improvements to nutritional assistance to children such as in the introduction of the School Breakfast Program.[23]

text: The arts and cultural institutions[edit]

text: National endowments for the arts and the humanities[edit]

text: In September 1965, Johnson signed the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act into law, creating both the National Endowment for the Arts and National Endowment for the Humanities as separate, independent agencies. Lobbying for federally funded arts and humanities support began during the Kennedy Administration. In 1963 three scholarly and educational organizations—the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), the Council of Graduate Schools in America, and the United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa—joined together to establish the National Commission on the Humanities. In June 1964, the commission released a report that suggested that the emphasis placed on science endangered the study of the humanities from elementary schools through postgraduate programs. In order to correct the balance, it recommended "the establishment by the President and the Congress of the United States of a National Humanities Foundation."[24]

text: In August 1964, Representative William S. Moorhead of Pennsylvania proposed legislation to implement the commission's recommendations. Support from the White House followed in September, when Johnson lent his endorsement during a speech at Brown University. In March 1965, the White House proposed the establishment of a National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities and requested $20 million in start-up funds. The commission's report had generated other proposals, but the White House's approach eclipsed them. The administration's plan, which called for the creation of two separate agencies each advised by a governing body, was the version that the Congress approved. Richard Nixon dramatically expanded funding for NEH and NEA.[24]

text: Public broadcasting[edit]

text: After the First National Conference on Long-Range Financing of Educational Television Stations in December 1964 called for a study of the role of noncommercial education television in society, the Carnegie Corporation agreed to finance the work of a 15-member national commission. Its landmark report, Public Television: A Program for Action, published on January 26, 1967, popularized the phrase "public television" and assisted the legislative campaign for federal aid. The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, enacted less than 10 months later, chartered the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as a private, non-profit corporation.

text: The law initiated federal aid through the CPB for the operation, as opposed to the funding of capital facilities, of public broadcasting. The CPB initially collaborated with the pre-existing National Educational Television system, but in 1969 decided to start the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). A public radio study commissioned by the CPB and the Ford Foundation and conducted from 1968 to 1969 led to the establishment of National Public Radio, a public radio system under the terms of the amended Public Broadcasting Act.

text: Cultural centers[edit]

text: Two long-planned national cultural and arts facilities received federal funding that would allow for their completion through Great Society legislation. A National Cultural Center, suggested during the Franklin Roosevelt Administration and created by a bipartisan law signed by Dwight Eisenhower, was transformed into the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, a living memorial to the assassinated president. Fundraising for the original cultural center had been poor prior to legislation creating the Kennedy Center, which passed two months after the president's death and provided $23 million for construction. The Kennedy Center opened in 1971.[25]

text: In the late 1930s the U.S. Congress mandated a Smithsonian Institution art museum for the National Mall, and a design by Eliel Saarinen was unveiled in 1939, but plans were shelved during World War II. A 1966 act of the U.S. Congress established the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden as part of the Smithsonian Institution with a focus on modern art, in contrast to the existing National Art Gallery. The museum was primarily federally funded, although New York financier Joseph Hirshhorn later contributed $1 million toward building construction, which began in 1969. The Hirshhorn opened in 1974.[26]

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Transportation initiatives started during President Johnson's term in office included the consolidation of transportation agencies into a cabinet-level position under the Department of Transportation.[27] The department was authorized by Congress on October 15, 1966 and began operations on April 1, 1967. Congress passed a variety of legislation to support improvements in transportation including The Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 which provided $375 million for large-scale urban public or private rail projects in the form of matching funds to cities and states and created the Urban Mass Transit Administration (now the Federal Transit Administration), High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 which resulted in the creation of high-speed rail between New York and Washington, and the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966—a bill largely taken credit for by Ralph Nader, whose book Unsafe at Any Speed he claims helped inspire the legislation.

text: Consumer protection[edit]

text: In 1964, Johnson named Assistant Secretary of Labor Esther Peterson to be the first presidential assistant for consumer affairs.

text: The Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 required packages to carry warning labels. The Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 set standards through creation of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act requires products identify manufacturer, address, clearly mark quantity and servings. The statute also authorized the HEW and the FTC to establish and define voluntary standard sizes. The original would have mandated uniform standards of size and weight for comparison shopping, but the final law only outlawed exaggerated size claims.

text: The Child Safety Act of 1966 prohibited any chemical so dangerous that no warning can make it safe. The Flammable Fabrics Act of 1967 set standards for children's sleepwear, but not baby blankets.

text: The Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 required inspection of meat which must meet federal standards. The Truth-in-Lending Act of 1968 required lenders and credit providers to disclose the full cost of finance charges in both dollars and annual percentage rates, on installment loan and sales. The Wholesome Poultry Products Act of 1968 required inspection of poultry which must meet federal standards. The Land Sales Disclosure Act of 1968 provided safeguards against fraudulent practices in the sale of land. The Radiation Safety Act of 1968 provided standards and recalls for defective electronic products.

text: The environment[edit]

text: Joseph A. Califano, Jr. has suggested that the Great Society's main contribution to the environment was an extension of protections beyond those aimed at the conservation of untouched resources.[28] In a message he transmitted to Congress, President Johnson said:

text: The air we breathe, our water, our soil and wildlife, are being blighted by poisons and chemicals which are the by-products of technology and industry. The society that receives the rewards of technology, must, as a cooperating whole, take responsibility for [their] control. To deal with these new problems will require a new conservation. We must not only protect the countryside and save it from destruction, we must restore what has been destroyed and salvage the beauty and charm of our cities. Our conservation must be not just the classic conservation of protection [against] development, but a creative conservation of restoration and innovation.

text: At the behest of Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall, the Great Society included several new environmental laws to protect air and water. Environmental legislation enacted included:

text:
Water Quality Act of 1965
Clean Air Act of 1963
Wilderness Act of 1964
Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966
National Trails System Act of 1968
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968
Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965
Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965
Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
Aircraft Noise Abatement Act of 1968
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

text: Housing[edit]

text: In 1964, the quality of the housing program was improved by requiring minimum standards of code enforcement, providing assistance to dislocated families and small businesses and authorizing below market interest loans for rehabilitating housing in urban renewal areas.[12] The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 included important elements such as rent subsidies for low-income families, rehabilitation grants to enable low-income homeowners in urban renewal areas to improve their homes instead of relocating elsewhere, and improved and extended benefits for relocation payments.[16] The Demonstration Cities Act of 1966 established a new program for comprehensive neighborhood renewal, with an emphasis on strategic investments in housing renovation, urban services, neighborhood facilities, and job creation activities.[30][31]

text: Rural development[edit]

text: A number of measures were introduced to improve socio-economic conditions in rural areas. Under Title III of the 1964 Economic Opportunity Act, Special Programs to Combat Rural Poverty, the Office for Economic Opportunity was authorized to act as a lender of last resort for rural families who needed money to help them permanently increase their earning capacity. Loans could be made to purchase land, improve the operation of family farms, allow participation in cooperative ventures, and finance non-agricultural business enterprises, while local cooperatives which served low-income rural families could apply for another category of loans for similar purposes.[32]

text: Title III also made loans and grants available to local groups to improve housing, education, and child care services for migrant farm workers, while Titles I and II also included potentially important programs for rural development. Title I established the Job Corps which enrolled school dropouts in community service projects: 40% of the corpsmen were to work in a Youth Conservation Corps to carry out resource conservation, beautification, and development projects in the National Forests and countryside. Arguably more important for rural areas were the Community Action Programs authorized by Title II. Federal money was allocated to States according to their needs for job training, housing, health, and welfare assistance, and the States were then to distribute their shares of the Community Action grants on the basis of proposals from local public or non-profit private groups.[32]

text: The Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 reorganized the Areas Redevelopment Administration (ARA) into the Economic Development Administration (EDA), and authorized $3.3 billion over 5 years while specifying seven criteria for eligibility. The list included low median family income, but the 6% or higher unemployment applied to the greatest number of areas, while the Act also mentioned outmigration from rural areas as a criterion. In an attempt to go beyond what one writer described as "ARA’s failed scattershot approach" of providing aid to individual counties and inspired by the European model of regional development, the EDA encouraged counties to form Economic Development Districts (EDDs) as it was recognized that individual distressed counties (called RAs or Redevelopment Areas) lacked sufficient resources for their own development.[32]

text: EDDs encompassed from 5 to 15 counties and both planned and implemented development with EDA funding and technical assistance, and each EDD had a "growth center" (another concept borrowed from Europe) called a redevelopment center if it was located in an RA or development center if in another county. With the exception of the growth centers, EDD counties were ineligible for assistance unless they were RAs, but they were all expected to benefit from "coordinated districtwide development planning."[32]

text: Labor[edit]

text: The Amendments made to the 1931 Davis-Bacon Act in 1964 extended the prevailing wage provisions to cover fringe benefits,[33] while several increases were made to the federal minimum wage.[34] The Service Contract Act of 1965 provided for minimum wages and fringe benefits as well as other conditions of work for contractors under certain types of service contracts.[35] A comprehensive minimum rate hike was also signed into law that extended the coverage of the Fair Labor Standards Act to about 9.1 million additional workers.[33]

text: Conservative opposition[edit]

text: Despite conservatives who attacked Johnson's Great Society making major gains in Congress in the 1966 midterm elections, and with anger and frustration mounting over the Vietnam War, Johnson was still able to secure the passage of additional programs during his last two years in office. Laws were passed to extend the Food Stamp Program, to expand consumer protection, to improve safety standards, to train health professionals, to assist handicapped Americans, and to further urban programs.[36]

text: In 1968, a new Fair Housing Act was passed, which banned racial discrimination in housing[37] and subsidized the construction or rehabilitation of low-income housing units.[38] That same year, a new program for federally funded job retraining for the hardcore unemployed in fifty cities was introduced, together with the strongest federal gun control bill (relating to the transportation of guns across State lines) in American history up until that point.[39]

text: By the end of the Johnson Administration, 226 out of 252 major legislative requests (over a four-year period) had been met, federal aid to the poor had risen from $9.9 billion in 1960 to $30 billion by 1968, one million Americans had been retrained under previously non-existent federal programs, and two million children had participated in the Head Start program.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Interpretations of the War on Poverty remain controversial. The Office of Economic Opportunity was dismantled by the Nixon and Ford administrations, largely by transferring poverty programs to other government departments.[40] Funding for many of these programs were further cut in President Ronald Reagan's Gramm-Latta Budget in 1981.[citation needed]

text: Alan Brinkley has suggested that "the gap between the expansive intentions of the War on Poverty and its relatively modest achievements fueled later conservative arguments that government is not an appropriate vehicle for solving social problems."[10] One of Johnson's aides, Joseph A. Califano, Jr., has countered that "from 1963 when Lyndon Johnson took office until 1970 as the impact of his Great Society programs were felt, the portion of Americans living below the poverty line dropped from 22.2 percent to 12.6 percent, the most dramatic decline over such a brief period in this century."[28]

text: The percentage of African Americans below the poverty line dropped from 55 percent in 1960 to 27 percent in 1968.[41] From 1964 to 1967, federal expenditures on education rose from $4 billion to $12 billion, while spending on health rose from $5 billion to $16 billion. By that time, the federal government was spending $4,000 per annum on each poor family of four, four times as much as in 1961.[42]


document_title: List of UEFA club competition winners

question_text: who has more champions league titles barcelona or real madrid

root

text: List of UEFA club competition winners

text: Winners[edit]

text: By club[edit]

text: Real Madrid hold the record for the most overall titles, with 21 followed by Milan's 17 titles.[6][7] Spanish teams hold the record for the most wins in each of the three main UEFA club competitions: Real Madrid, with twelve European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles; Barcelona, with four Cup Winners' Cup titles; and Sevilla, with five UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League titles. Milan share the most Super Cup wins (five) with Barcelona, and the most Intercontinental Cup wins (three) with Real Madrid. German clubs Hamburg, Schalke 04 and Stuttgart, and Spanish club Villarreal are the record holders by titles won in the UEFA Intertoto Cup (twice each).

tag: p

text: Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich, Chelsea and Manchester United are the only teams to have won all of UEFA's three main club competitions (European Cup/UEFA Champions League, Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League). However, Juventus is the only team to have won every UEFA club competition, which additionally includes the Super Cup, the Intertoto Cup, and the Intercontinental Cup.[8]

text: The following table lists all the clubs that have won at least one UEFA club competition, and is updated as of 8 August 2017 (in chronological order).

tag: table

text:
List of UEFA club competition winners

Club
Country
UCL
CWC
UEL
UIC
USC
IC
Total

Real Madrid
 Spain
12
0
2
0
4
3
21

Milan
 Italy
7
2
0
0
5
3
17

Barcelona
 Spain
5
4
0
0
5
0
14

Juventus
 Italy
2
1
3
1
2
2
11

Liverpool
 England
5
0
3
0
3
0
11

Ajax
 Netherlands
4
1
1
0
2
2
10

Bayern Munich
 Germany
5
1
1
0
1
2
10

Internazionale
 Italy
3
0
3
0
0
2
8

Manchester United
 England
3
1
1
0
1
1
7

Porto
 Portugal
2
0
2
0
1
2
7

Atlético Madrid
 Spain
0
1
2
0
2
1
6

Sevilla
 Spain
0
0
5
0
1
0
6

Anderlecht
 Belgium
0
2
1
0
2
0
5

Valencia
 Spain
0
1
1
1
2
0
5

Chelsea
 England
1
2
1
0
1
0
5

Parma
 Italy
0
1
2
0
1
0
4

Feyenoord
 Netherlands
1
0
2
0
0
1
4

Hamburg
 Germany
1
1
0
2
0
0
4

Nottingham Forest
 England
2
0
0
0
1
0
3

Aston Villa
 England
1
0
0
1
1
0
3

Tottenham Hotspur
 England
0
1
2
0
0
0
3

Dynamo Kyiv
 Soviet Union
 Ukraine
0
2
0
0
1
0
3

Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
1
1
0
0
0
1
3

Schalke 04
 Germany
0
0
1
2
0
0
3

Benfica
 Portugal
2
0
0
0
0
0
2

Borussia Mönchengladbach
 Germany
0
0
2
0
0
0
2

Aberdeen
 Scotland
0
1
0
0
1
0
2

Steaua București
 Romania
1
0
0
0
1
0
2

IFK Göteborg
 Sweden
0
0
2
0
0
0
2

KV Mechelen
 Belgium
0
1
0
0
1
0
2

PSV
 Netherlands
1
0
1
0
0
0
2

Red Star Belgrade
 Yugoslavia
 Serbia
1
0
0
0
0
1
2

Werder Bremen
 Germany
0
1
0
1
0
0
2

Lazio
 Italy
0
1
0
0
1
0
2

West Ham United
 England
0
1
0
1
0
0
2

Galatasaray
 Turkey
0
0
1
0
1
0
2

Paris Saint-Germain
 France
0
1
0
1
0
0
2

Villarreal
 Spain
0
0
0
2
0
0
2

VfB Stuttgart
 Germany
0
0
0
2
0
0
2

Marseille
 France
1
0
0
1
0
0
2

Zenit St. Petersburg
 Russia
0
0
1
0
1
0
2

Fiorentina
 Italy
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Sporting CP
 Portugal
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Celtic
 Scotland
1
0
0
0
0
0
1

Slovan Bratislava
 Czechoslovakia
 Slovakia
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Manchester City
 England
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Rangers
 Scotland
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Magdeburg
 East Germany
 Germany
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Eintracht Frankfurt
 Germany
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

Dinamo Tbilisi
 Soviet Union
 Georgia
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Ipswich Town
 England
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

Everton
 England
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Bayer Leverkusen
 Germany
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

Napoli
 Italy
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

Sampdoria
 Italy
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Arsenal
 England
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Real Zaragoza
 Spain
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

Bordeaux
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Strasbourg
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Guingamp
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Karlsruhe
 Germany
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Silkeborg
 Denmark
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Lyon
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Bastia
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Auxerre
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Bologna
 Italy
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Montpellier
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Celta de Vigo
 Spain
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Udinese
 Italy
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Twente
 Netherlands
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Málaga
 Spain
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Troyes
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Fulham
 England
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Perugia
 Italy
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Lille
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

CSKA Moscow
 Russia
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

Lens
 France
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Newcastle United
 England
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Braga
 Portugal
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Shakhtar Donetsk
 Ukraine
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

text: By country[edit]

text: Spanish clubs are the most successful in UEFA competitions, with a total of 57 titles, and hold a record number of wins in the European Cup/UEFA Champions League (17), UEFA Super Cup (14), and UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa league (10).[7] Italian clubs have the most victories in the Intercontinental Cup (7). In third place, English clubs have secured 40 titles, including a record eight wins in the Cup Winners' Cup. French clubs, ranked sixth in UEFA competition titles, have won the Intertoto Cup the most times (12). Italian clubs are the only in European football history to have won the three main UEFA competitions in the same season (1989–90).[3]

text: The following table lists all the countries whose clubs have won at least one UEFA competition, and is updated as of 8 August 2017 (in chronological order).

text:
Key

UCL
European Cup or UEFA Champions League

CWC
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (defunct)

UEL
UEFA Cup or UEFA Europa League

UIC
UEFA Intertoto Cup (defunct)

USC
UEFA Super Cup

IC
Intercontinental Cup (defunct)

text:
List of UEFA club competition winners by country[a]

Nationality
UCL
CWC
UEL
UIC
USC
IC
Total

 Spain
17
7
10
5
14
4
57

 Italy
12
7
9
4
9
7
48

 England
12
8
8
4
7
1
40

 Germany*
7
4
6
8
1
3
29

 Netherlands
6
1
4
0
3
3
17

 France
1
1
0
12
0
0
14

 Portugal
4
1
2
1
1
2
11

 Belgium
0
3
1
0
3
0
7

 Scotland
1
2
0
0
1
0
4

 Soviet Union+
0
3
0
0
1
0
4

 Russia
0
0
2
0
1
0
3

 Romania
1
0
0
0
1
0
2

 Turkey
0
0
1
0
1
0
2

 Yugoslavia+
1
0
0
0
0
1
2

 Sweden
0
0
2
0
0
0
2

 East Germany+
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

 Czechoslovakia+
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

 Ukraine
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

 Denmark
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

text:
+ = National federation no longer exists.
* = Germany's record includes West Germany.


document_title: Let It Bleed

question_text: who baked the cake that appears on the cover of let it bleed

text: Let It Bleed

text: Background[edit]

text: Although the Stones had begun the recording of "You Can't Always Get What You Want" in November 1968, before Beggars Banquet had been released, recording for Let It Bleed began in earnest in February 1969 and continued sporadically until early November.[2] Brian Jones performs on only two tracks: playing the autoharp on "You Got the Silver", and percussion on "Midnight Rambler". His replacement, Mick Taylor, plays guitar on two tracks, "Country Honk" and "Live with Me", as well as on "Honky Tonk Women" which was recorded during the Let It Bleed sessions. Keith Richards, who had already shared vocal duties with Mick Jagger on "Connection" and sung separate lead vocals on parts of "Something Happened to Me Yesterday" and "Salt of the Earth", sang his first solo lead vocal on a Rolling Stones recording with "You Got the Silver".[3] The London Bach Choir sang on "You Can't Always Get What You Want" but publicly disassociated itself from the album, citing what author Stephen Davis terms its "relentless drug ambience".[4]

text: Let It Bleed was originally scheduled for release in July 1969. Although "Honky Tonk Women" was released as a single that month, the album itself suffered numerous delays and was eventually released in December 1969, after the band's US tour for it had already completed.[citation needed] The majority of the album was recorded at Olympic Studios in London, with further work taking place at Elektra Sound Recorders Studios, 962 La Cienega Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, 90069, while the Stones prepared for the tour.[5] The Los Angeles-recorded portions included overdubs by guest musicians Merry Clayton (on "Gimme Shelter"), Byron Berline (on "Country Honk"),[6] and Bobby Keys and Leon Russell (on "Live with Me").[7] Finally, an unreleased version of "I Don't Know The Reason Why (a. k. a. Hillside Blues)" was also recorded there in October 1969 with Mick Taylor.

text: Music and lyrics[edit]

text: Style and influences[edit]

text: Like Beggars Banquet the year before, as well as the subsequent two releases, the album marks a return to the group's more blues-based approach that was prominent in the pre-Aftermath period of their career. The main inspiration during this string of albums was American roots music and Let It Bleed is no exception, drawing heavily from gospel (evident in "Gimme Shelter" and "You Can't Always Get What You Want"), Hank Williams and Jimmie Rodgers ("Country Honk"),[8] Chicago blues ("Midnight Rambler"),[9] as well as country blues ("You Got The Silver", "Love In Vain") and country rock ("Let It Bleed").[10]

text:
You Can't Always Get What You Want

A sample of The Rolling Stones's "You Can't Always Get What You Want" from Let It Bleed
Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: According to Don Heckman from The New York Times, Let It Bleed was a "heavy" and "passionately erotic" album of hard rock and blues, influenced by African-American music.[11] Richie Unterberger, writing for AllMusic, said it "extends the rock and blues feel of Beggars Banquet into slightly harder-rocking, more demonically sexual territory."[12] Mojo magazine's James McNair felt the record had an emphasis on "earthy" country blues.[13]

text: Due to their experimentation during the mid-1960s, the band had developed an eclectic approach to arrangements. Slide guitar playing is prominent (played entirely by Richards, except "Country Honk", which was performed by Mick Taylor), and is featured on all songs except "Gimme Shelter", "Live With Me" and "You Can't Always Get What You Want", giving the album an authentic blues feel throughout. In addition, an array of session musicians embellish the songs with various instruments. Alongside the de rigueur piano performances (Ian Stewart, Nicky Hopkins), the record included fiddle (Byron Berline),[8] mandolin (Ry Cooder),[14] organ and French horn (Al Kooper),[15] as well as vibes (Bill Wyman)[16] and autoharp (Wyman,[17] Jones[18]). Of more importance, however, was the debut of both renowned saxophonist Bobby Keys on "Live With Me", a musician who was integral at giving the group's arrangements a soul/jazz background, and guitarist Mick Taylor, who took on lead guitar duties with technically proficient playing, giving the band a harder rock sound during the late 1960s/early 1970s.[19]

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: Generally, the album's lyrics deal with 1960s life; there is social commentary on the Vietnam War ("Gimme Shelter"), as well as the hippie movement, drug culture and politics ("You Can't Always Get What You Want"), but at the same time there are love-related topics, ranging from desolate ("Love In Vain", written by Robert Johnson), to heartwarming ("You Got The Silver", written by Richards), sensual, innuendo-filled ("Let It Bleed"), and humorous ("Live With Me"). Moreover, "Monkey Man" satirizes and comments on the band's public image and lifestyle while "Midnight Rambler" has a very cinematic, suspenseful approach, talking about its titular serial killer (inspired by Albert DeSalvo) in the third-person before Jagger slowly assumes the role after the first half of the song.

text: The lyricism found on Let It Bleed is often noted for its violent and cynical undercurrents. Jann S. Wenner, in a 1995 Rolling Stone interview with Jagger, described the album's songs as "disturbing" the scenery as "ugly" and asked Jagger if the Vietnam War played a role in the album's worldview. Jagger said: "I think so. Even though I was living in America only part time, I was influenced. All those images were on television. Plus, the spill out onto campuses".

text: Artwork[edit]

text: The album cover displays a surreal sculpture designed by Robert Brownjohn. The image consists of the Let It Bleed record being played by the tone-arm of an antique phonograph, and a record-changer spindle supporting several items stacked on a plate in place of a stack of records: a film canister labelled Stones – Let It Bleed, a clock dial, a pizza, a tyre and a cake with elaborate icing topped by figurines representing the band. The cake parts of the construction were prepared by then-unknown cookery writer Delia Smith.[20] The reverse of the LP sleeve shows the same "record-stack" melange in a state of disarray.[21] The artwork was inspired by the working title of the album, which was Automatic Changer.[22]

text: The album cover for Let It Bleed was among the ten chosen by the Royal Mail for a set of "Classic Album Cover" postage stamps issued in January 2010.[23][24]

text: Jagger originally asked artist M. C. Escher to design a cover for the album; Escher declined.[25][26]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: Professional ratingsRetrospective reviewsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[27]Encyclopedia of Popular Music[28]Entertainment WeeklyA[29]The Great Rock Discography9/10[28]Music Story[28]MusicHound Rock5/5[30]NME9/10[31]Rolling Stone[32]The Rolling Stone Album Guide[33]

text: Released in December, Let It Bleed reached number 1 in the UK (temporarily demoting The Beatles' Abbey Road) and number 3 on the Billboard Top LPs chart in the US, where it eventually went 2× platinum. In a contemporary review for Rolling Stone magazine, music critic Greil Marcus said that the middle of the album has "great" songs, but "Gimme Shelter" and "You Can't Always Get What You Want" "seem to matter most" because they "both reach for reality and end up confronting it, almost mastering what's real, or what reality will feel like as the years fade in."[34]

text: Let It Bleed was the Stones' last album to be released in an official mono version, which is rare and highly sought-after today. Netherless, this mono version is merely a 'fold-down' of the stereo version, despite it being included in 'The Rolling Stones in Mono'(2016) box set. The album was released in US as an LP record, reel to reel tape, audio cassette and 8-track cartridge in 1969, and as a remastered CD in 1986. In August 2002, it was reissued in a remastered CD and SACD digipak by ABKCO Records, and once more in 2010 by Universal Music Enterprises in a Japanese only SHM-SACD version.[35]

text: In a retrospective review, NME magazine said that the album "tugs and teases" in various musical directions and called it "a classic".[31] In his 2001 Stones biography, Stephen Davis said of the album "No rock record, before or since, has ever so completely captured the sense of palpable dread that hung over its era."[4] In a five-star review for Rolling Stone in 2004, Gavin Edwards praised Keith Richard's guitar playing throughout the album and stated, "Whether it was spiritual, menstrual or visceral, the Stones made sure you went home covered in blood."[32] Jason McNeil of PopMatters wrote that Beggars Banquet and Let It Bleed are "the two greatest albums the band’s (or anyone’s) ever made".[36] In Steven Van Zandt's opinion, Let It Bleed was one in the Stones' series of four studio LPs – including Beggars Banquet (1968), Sticky Fingers (1971) and Exile on Main St. (1972) – that was "the greatest run of albums in history".[37]

text: In 2000, Q magazine ranked it at number 28 in its list of "The 100 Greatest British Albums Ever". In 2001, the TV network VH1 placed Let It Bleed at 24th on their "100 Greatest Albums of R 'n' R" survey. In 1997, it was voted the 27th "Best Album Ever" by The Guardian.[28] In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked it at number 32 on the magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[38]

text: Let It Bleed has sold over 7 million copies worldwide since 1969.[39]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
The track listing on the back of the album jacket did not follow the one on the album itself. According to Brownjohn, he altered it purely for visual reasons; the correct order was shown on the record's label. Additionally, "Gimme Shelter" is rendered as "Gimmie Shelter" on the jacket.
Some releases have "Gimmie Shelter" on the cover, the inner sleeve and the LP label.

text: All tracks written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, except "Love in Vain" by Robert Johnson. Early US editions of the album credit the song to Woody Payne, a pseudonym used by a music publisher of the songs of Robert Johnson.

text: Side oneNo.TitleLength1."Gimme Shelter"4:312."Love in Vain"4:193."Country Honk"3:094."Live with Me"3:335."Let It Bleed"5:26Total length:20:58

text: Side twoNo.TitleLength6."Midnight Rambler"6:527."You Got the Silver"2:518."Monkey Man"4:129."You Can't Always Get What You Want"7:28Total length:21:23

text: Personnel[edit]

text: The Rolling Stones

text:
Mick Jagger – lead vocals (all but 7), backing vocals (1, 3, 8), harmonica (1, 6), acoustic guitar (9)
Keith Richards – electric guitar (all but 3), acoustic guitar (2, 3, 5, 7, 9), backing vocals (1, 3, 4, 8), bass guitar (4), lead vocals (7)
Brian Jones – congas (6), autoharp (7)
Bill Wyman – bass guitar (1, 2, 5-9), autoharp (5), vibraphone (8)
Charlie Watts – drums (all but 9)
Mick Taylor – slide guitar (3), electric guitar (4)

tag: ul

text: Additional personnel

text:
Ian Stewart – piano (5)
Nicky Hopkins – piano (1, 4, 7, 8), organ (7)
Byron Berline – fiddle (3)
Merry Clayton – co-lead vocals (1)
Ry Cooder – mandolin (2)
Bobby Keys – tenor saxophone (4)
Jimmy Miller – percussion (1), drums (9), tambourine (8)
Leon Russell – piano and horn arrangement (4)
Jack Nitzsche – choral arrangements (9)
Al Kooper – piano, French horn and organ (9)
Nanette Workman – backing vocals (3, 9) (not actress Nanette Newman as credited on the LP)
Doris Troy – backing vocals (9)
Madeline Bell – backing vocals (9)
Rocky Dijon – percussion (9)
The London Bach Choir – vocals (9)

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1969–70)

Peakposition

Australia (Kent Music Report)[40]

2

Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[41]

4

Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[42]

1

German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[43]

3

Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[44]

2

UK Albums (OCC)[45]

1

US Billboard 200[46]

3

Chart (2007)

Peakposition

Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[47]

37

Chart (2012)

Peakposition

French Albums (SNEP)[48]

138

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region

Certification
Certified units/Sales

Canada (Music Canada)[49]

Platinum

100,000^

United Kingdom (BPI)[50]

Platinum

300,000^

United States (RIAA)[51]

2× Platinum

2,000,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone^shipments figures based on certification alone


document_title: List of alcohol laws of the United States

question_text: what time do they sell beer in washington state

text: Table[edit]

text: Alabama–Hawaii[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery store sales
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

Alabama
Yes
Prohibited between midnight until noon on Sundays in some counties. Private clubs, which require a membership fee and a membership card, have no day or time restrictions.
Yes
No
21
21 No exceptions to the law
13.9% ABV cap on beer
Beer containers may not exceed 25.4 ounces (0.75 l)
ABV > 14.9% wine sold in state stores
Alcohol may be served 24 hours a day unless restricted by local ordinances. Twenty-six of Alabama's 67 counties do not allow the sale of alcohol. However, possession and consumption remain legal within those 26 counties. Of the 26 "dry" counties, 23 have at least one "wet" city; these are considered "moist" dry counties. Within those 23 counties there are 43 wet cities. State law allows any city with a population greater than 1,000 located within a dry county to "go wet" if a referendum is passed by 50% of voters. State retains monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.
Distilled spirits (liquor) are purchasable in either state-owned retail liquor stores, known as ABC Stores, or privately-owned retail liquor stores. Privately-owned retail liquor stores tend to be open on Sundays, public (federal & state) holidays, and later hours than state-owned liquor stores.

Alaska
No
8 a.m. – 5 a.m.,[10] except election days (liquor stores may not open until polls close)
No (although many grocery stores have separate areas that sell all forms of alcoholic beverages and many bars sell packaged liquor as well)
21
21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed for medical purposes, and on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent [11]
Most communities have more restrictive laws, ranging from restrictions on operating hours to bans on sale and possession.[12] Sellers/servers may not, for any reason, give a person alcohol for free or sell it for less than its cost. Sellers/servers may drink while on duty, but no intoxicated person may remain on the premises, so an impaired server could be arrested.[10]

Arizona
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. seven days a week—no election day nor holiday restrictions [13]
Yes
21
21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed for religious[14] and medical purposes[15]
Sales of any type of alcohol are legal at any store that has an off-premises liquor license, including but not limited to convenience stores and grocery stores. Bars may sell closed containers of alcohol for consumption off the premises. Drive-through liquor stores are allowed. Everclear Grain Alcohol Proof 190 (95% alcohol) is legal. A large percentage of the land area of Arizona is in Indian reservations, many of which have liquor laws considerably more restrictive than state law, up to and including total prohibition. "Beer busts" (all the beer/liquor one can drink for a set price) in bars are illegal. Persons 19 years of age or older may work in bars and liquor stores serving and selling alcohol. Patrons may not purchase for on premises consumption more than 40 ounces of beer, 1 liter of wine or 4 ounces of distilled spirits at one time.[16] DUI penalties are some of the most severe in the nation. A person convicted of a DUI (even first offense) must have an interlock installed in his car for one year. Arizona has an 'Impaired to the Slightest Degree' law that can convict a person even if his BAC is less than .08%.

Arkansas
No
Sale prohibited Sundays, Mondays between 12:00 a.m. and 1:00 a.m., or on any other days between the hours of 1:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. The governing body of any city or town may fix later closing hours for the permitted premises of a hotel or restaurant which in no event shall be later than two (2) hours after midnight on Saturday night.[17]
Yes
No
21
21 No exceptions to the law
Has numerous dry counties and other dry areas, but private clubs can serve even in dry areas.
Alcohol sales are generally prohibited on Sundays, but exceptions can be made through local option (usually for restaurants and private clubs).
No sales on Christmas Day.

California
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m.
Yes
21
21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for consuming alcohol if discovered or reported through a medical emergency.[18]
Relatively unrestricted; beer, wine and liquor available at grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, and warehouse clubs. No statewide holiday restrictions.
Motor vehicles entering from Mexico may only import 1 liter of alcohol (duty-free). Sale or distribution of alcoholic beverages higher than 60% ABV is illegal (B&P 23403).[19]
You may serve alcohol if you are at least 21 years of age.
City and county governments can set different sale hours.
18-, 19- and 20-year-old wine and beer production students can taste—but not consume—what they are making and studying.[20]

Colorado
No
7 a.m. – 2 a.m.
Beer, wine, and liquor: 8 a.m. – midnight
3.2 beer: 5 a.m.-midnight

3.2 only*
No*
21
21 Exception: Underage consumption allowed on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for religious, medical, and educational purposes.[21]
Spirituous, vinous & malt liquor available in liquor stores and liquor-licensed drug stores only.
Liquor stores closed on Christmas Day. Sunday sales restriction lifted on July 1, 2008. Liquor stores and liquor-licensed drug stores may have only one location, while 3.2% beer may be sold in gas stations, supermarkets, and convenience stores. Appropriately licensed businesses may also sell 3.2% beer for both on and off-premises consumption. A small number of grocery stores are licensed as drug stores and sell full strength beer, wine, and spirits. As an example, a chain grocery store that has pharmacy services at most or all locations may elect a single location in the chain as the licensed establishment to sell beer, wine, and spirits.

Connecticut
No
9 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Mon.–Thurs.)
9 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Fri.–Sat.)
11 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Sun.)
8 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon.–Sat.) 10 a.m. – 6 p.m. (Sun.)
Yes
No
21 Exception: No explicit age if a present legal guardian is 21 or older[22]
21 Exception: Underage consumption is allowed on private non alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for medical and religious puroposes, and on alcohol selling premises with parental consent.[22]
Sunday off-premises sales allowed as of May 20, 2012;[23][24] Sunday on-premises sales subject to local ordinances.
Beer can be purchased at grocery/convenience stores. Spirits and wine can be purchased only at liquor stores.
No off-premises alcohol sales on Thanksgiving, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day.
Open container law applies only to drivers, not passengers.

Delaware
No
9 a.m. – 1 a.m.
9 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Mon.–Sat.)
noon–8 p.m. (Sun.) Municipalities with a population over 50,000 persons may impose stricter hours of sale by local ordinance.
No
21
21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for if discovered consuming alcohol through a medical emergency. Underage drinking allowed on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for religious purposes.[25][26]
For off-premises consumption, alcohol may be purchased only in a liquor store, taproom, or a brew pub that has an off-premises license. Unless accompanied by a parent or guardian over 21, no person under 21 may enter a liquor store or taproom for any reason, even for the intent of purchasing only tobacco or lottery tickets. No sales of alcohol by liquor stores or taprooms are permitted during designated holidays including Thanksgiving, Easter or Christmas.[27]

District of Columbia
No
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sun.–Thu.,
8 a.m. – 3 a.m. Fri.–Sat.
[28]

Liquor Stores:
9 a.m. – midnight daily*
Grocery Stores:
9 a.m.-12 a.m. daily
[28]

Yes
No
21
21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for if discovered consuming alcohol through a medical emergency.[29][30]
*Liquor stores can begin applying for licenses to open on Sunday as of January 16, 2013.[31]
No singles sold, but stores in some areas may apply for an exemption.[32]
Certain wards may be made dry by the decision of the local ANC, but as of 2005[update] none are
The day before a federal or district holiday, on-premises retailers may sell/serve from 8 a.m.-3 a.m. On New Yer's Eve, on-premises retailers may sell/serve until 4 a.m. on January 1.[28]

Florida
No
State law prohibits selling of alcohol between midnight and 7 a.m., unless the county chooses to change the operating hours later (FS 562.14(1)) ; such as for Sunday morning; Ormond Beach stays open until 7pm on Sundays. Miami-Dade County liquor stores may operate 24 hours a day.
Yes
No
21
21 Exception: 18 for educational purposes[33]
Sale, processing, or consumption of any liquor or spirit of greater than 153 proof is illegal. (FSS 565.07)
No retail sale of wine in containers larger than 1 gallon. FS 564.05 Supermarkets and other licensed business establishments may sell beer, low-alcohol liquors, and wine. Liquor must be sold in dedicated liquor stores which may be in a separate part of a grocery or a drug store. As of July 1, 2015, the restriction on 64 ounce refillable containers, or growlers, has been lifted and beer may be sold in quantities of 64 ounces, in addition to the previously legal 32 and 128 ounce sizes.

Georgia
No
Hours of sale determined by local jurisdiction. No alcohol sales on Christmas Day.
Yes
No
21
21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed on non-alcoholic premises with parental consent, and for religious and medical purposes.[34]
14% ABV cap on beer.
Sunday off-premises sales from 12:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. allowed only by local referendum.[35]
In general, one may not be drunk in public. Though there is no state law prohibiting drinking in public, most municipal corporations and political subdivisions limit the possession of open containers of alcohol to private property, with notable exceptions being Savannah and Roswell. A charge of public drunkenness is only warranted when one is drunk in public and his acts are either loud or disorderly.

Hawaii
No
Bars and restaurants stop serving alcohol at 2 a.m., but some hold a special ‘cabaret license’ that allows them to continue serving alcohol until 4 a.m.[36]
6 a.m. to 12 a.m. Within Honolulu County
6 a.m. to 11 p.m. Within Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii counties
Yes
21
21 Exception: Underage consumption allowed for religious purposes[37]

text: Idaho–Massachusetts[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery Store Sales
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Beer
Wine
Distilled Spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

Idaho
No
Yes
6:00 a.m. to 2:00 a.m., 7:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. in some counties

Yes
No

Alcoholic beverages exceeding 16% ABV can only be sold in Idaho State Liquor Dispensary stores, or contracted stores.

Illinois
No
Depending on local government; 24-hour bars are permitted in Cicero; a handful of 21- to 22-hour bars exist in Cook County, and the Metro East. In Rock Island County, many establishments sell alcohol 24 hours a day.

Yes

Opening/closing hours are up to the decision of counties or municipalities.

Indiana
No
7 a.m. – 3 a.m.
7 a.m. – 3 a.m. No sale on Sunday, except at local wineries, breweries, and distilleries.
Yes

Sales limited to on-premises in restaurants, wineries, breweries, and distilleries on Sundays. However, carryout wine, beer and spirits may be purchased on Sundays from the address for which a winery, brewery or distillery's permit is issued. (IC 7.1-3-1-14)
No sales on Christmas Day (IC 7.1-5-10-1). Minors, including babies, are not allowed to enter a liquor store.
Indiana prohibits the sales of cold beer by grocery stores or gas stations, but allows cold beer to be sold from liquor stores (IC 7.1-5-10-11).
In 2010, Indiana enacted a stringent photo identification requirement for all off-premises transactions that initially required stores to verify the age of anyone purchasing alcohol by requiring him or her to produce a government-issued photo ID. The law applies to liquor stores, convenience stores, pharmacies and supermarkets in Indiana but not to restaurants, bars and other businesses where patrons consume alcohol onsite. However, due to significant backlash, the law was subsequently amended in the next legislative session (effective July 1, 2011) to pertain to anyone who is or reasonably appears to be less than forty (40) years of age. (See IC 7.1-5-10-23).
Public intoxication is a class B misdemeanor. (IC 7.1-5-1-3)

Iowa
No
Yes
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. Mon–Sat
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sun[38]
Yes

If a controlled substance is detected in a person’s system at or near the time they were operating a motor vehicle, they can be charged and potentially convicted of operating while intoxicated (OWI) even if they were not “impaired” by that substance.

Kansas
Yes
9 a.m. - 2 a.m. (in counties which allow on-premises sales)
9 a.m. - 11 p.m. (Mon–Sat) (in counties which allow off-premises sales)
noon - 7 p.m. or 8 p.m. (Sun) (in communities which allow Sunday off-premises sales)
3.2 only
No

Kansas's alcohol laws are among the strictest in the United States. Kansas prohibited all alcohol from 1881 to 1948, and continued to prohibit on-premises sales of alcohol from 1949 to 1987. Sunday sales only have been allowed since 2005. Today, 29 counties still do not permit the on-premises sale of alcohol. 59 counties require a business to receive at least 30% of revenue from food sales to allow on-premises sale of alcohol. Only 17 counties allow general on-premises sales. Not all communities which allow off-premises sales allow sales on Sunday. Sales are prohibited on Christmas and Easter. The only alcoholic beverage which grocery stores and gas stations may sell is beer with no more than 3.2% alcohol by weight. Other liquor sales only are allowed at state-licensed retail liquor stores. Kansas has comprehensive open container laws for public places and vehicles, public intoxication laws, and requirements for prospective on-premises or off-premises licensees.

Kentucky
No
6 a.m. to 4 a.m. on Monday through Saturday
1 p.m. to 4 a.m. on Sundays
Yes
No

Local ordinance may vote to permit Sunday sales at restaurants. Sales 2–4 a.m. only in Louisville. As of 2005 Sunday sales were allowed per state law, but may still be prohibited in some areas by local ordinance (as of early 2006, such a situation existed with smaller cities within Louisville Metro, though these cities have since changed local ordinances).
Alcohol sale restriction and wet/dry (both by drink and package) allowed by both county and city local option. Approximately 39 counties in the state (mostly eastern and southern counties) are dry, all alcohol sale and possession prohibited; 22 "moist" counties (with "wet" cities allowing package liquor sales in counties otherwise dry); 29 counties that are otherwise dry but have communities with local option that allow sales of liquor by the drink or under special exemptions allowing sales at wineries. Majority of wet counties are around major metropolitan areas (Louisville, Lexington, Covington, Bowling Green). Note: Beginning in 2013 Liquor by the drink and beer by the drink are available on Sundays in Louisville, KY beginning at 10:00 am. Bowling Green, KY recently began allowing Sunday sales in December 2013 for carry-out beer, wine, and liquor. Prohibition on liquor sales on Election Day was repealed effective June 24, 2013. Kentucky was one of only two states to still have Election Day prohibition, the other being South Carolina.

Louisiana
No
No state imposed restrictions on on-premises hours. "24 hour" bars are common in New Orleans and in Jefferson Parish. Some municipalities and parishes (including Baton Rouge and East Baton Rouge Parish) require on-premises service to stop at 2:00 am.
No statewide restrictions on hours of package sales.
Yes
21
Exceptions to state law include:[39]

For an established religious purpose;
When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;
For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;
In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;
The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.

Packaged alcoholic beverages of any strength may be sold in supermarkets, drug stores, gas stations, and convenience stores. Local municipalities may not restrict this. As a result, dedicated "liquor stores" are mostly specialty stores in larger cities, and some supermarkets have large selections of liquors and wines, and compete on the basis of liquor prices and selection.
Alcohol can be consumed in the streets of New Orleans as long as it is in an "unbreakable container" (no glass) and may be taken from club to club if both establishments allow it. Otherwise, it depends on the locality. Most parishes other than Orleans Parish do not permit alcoholic beverages served on premises to be carried out. However, many parishes and municipalities permit consumption of packaged beverages (for example, cans of beer) on the street. Glass bottles on the streets are prohibited. One can enter most bars at 18 years of age but must be 21 years old to purchase or consume alcohol. Also, it is legal in the state of Louisiana for a legal parent or guardian to purchase alcoholic beverages for their underaged child.
Drive-thru frozen daiquiri stands are legal and common, but the police can arrest you for driving with an open container, if you have put the straw in the cup [40]

Maine
No
Yes
6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (Mon–Sun)

Yes [41]
21
21
ABV > Alcohol may not be purchased after 1 a.m. any day of the week, may not be purchased prior to 6 a.m. Monday through Saturday, and not prior to 9 a.m. on Sunday. Bars and restaurants may serve until 1:15 a.m. On New Year's Day alcohol may be sold one hour later in all establishments. When St. Patrick's Day falls on a Sunday, bars and restaurants may serve alcohol starting at 6 a.m that day.[42] Wholesaling through state-licensed monopoly.[43] Municipalities may prohibit the sale of alcohol by referendum; 56 towns have done so.[44][45]

Maryland
Variable by locality
Variable by locality
Variable by locality
Variable by locality

Baltimore County prohibits the sale on Sunday in some areas.
In the counties of Montgomery, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester sale of alcoholic beverages are controlled directly by the county Liquor Control Boards, there are exceptions in Montgomery where some liquors are still sold in grocery store due to being grandfathered before the change of the law.
Garrett County prohibits the sale on Sunday except in some areas.
The sale of alcohol at grocery and convenience stores varies by county.
There are no dry counties, but some individual voting districts within counties restrict or prohibit alcohol on a local-option basis.

Massachusetts
No
8:00 a.m. – 2:00 a.m. by state law, although individual cities and towns may prohibit sales before 11:00 a.m. and after 11:00 p.m.[46] Not before 11:00 a.m. on Sunday.[47]
8:00 a.m. – 11:00 p.m., or 8:00 a.m. – 11:30 p.m. on the day before a holiday.[48] Not before 10:00 am on Sunday.
Yes.[49][50]
21
21
As of January 2016, no individual, partnership, or corporation may have more than seven off-premises licences in the state, nor more than two in any city, nor more than one in any town. No individual, partnership, or corporation not resident or headquartered in Massachusetts may apply for a license, although one may devolve thereupon.[48]
As of 2012-10-29, a Massachusetts driver's license, Massachusetts Liquor ID card, RMV-issued Massachusetts non-driver ID card, passport (issued by the US or a US-recognized foreign entity), US-issued Passport Card, and military identification card are the only acceptable proofs of age under state law. Out of state or Canadian driver's licenses/ ID's and other forms of identification do not grant the establishment legal protection if accepted as proof of age (and many establishments will not accept out of state licenses for this reason).[51]
On-premises regulations: No discounts at specific times (i.e. no "Happy Hour" discounts) or for specific individuals, no fixed-price open bar or all-you-can-drink (except at private functions), no more than two drinks per individual at any one time, no pitchers for fewer than two people, no drinking contests, no drinks as prizes, no free drinks.[52]
Off-premises sale of alcohol is prohibited on the last Monday in May (Memorial Day), Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and the day after Christmas if Christmas falls on a Sunday.[47]
Sale of alcohol is prohibited during polling hours on election days (subject to local exceptions).[47]
"Malt beverages" defined as having not more than 12% alcohol by weight.[53]

text: Michigan–New Mexico[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery Store Sales
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Beer
Wine
Distilled Spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

Michigan
No
Yes
7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon.–Sat.)
noon-2 a.m. (Sunday)*sales may begin at 7 a.m. with special license extension

7 a.m.-2 a.m. (Mon-Sat)
noon-2 a.m. (Sunday)*sales may begin at 7 a.m. with special license extension ,[54]

Yes

The Michigan Liquor Control Commission allows the sale of alcoholic beverages until 11:59 p.m. on December 24 and after 12:00 p.m. on December 25. On-premises sales are permitted on January 1 until 4:00 a.m. Local or county ordinance may restrict Sunday or Sunday morning sales. State does not operate retail outlets; maintains a monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.[55]

Minnesota
No (but see note)
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. seven days
8:00 a.m.-10:00 p.m. (Mon–Sat);
11:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m. (Sun)[56]

3.2% Only
No

Local or County ordinance prevails for hours of operation for off-sale licenses. Growler sales allowed until 10 p.m. 7 days a week. Certain municipalities may establish municipal liquor stores; they are permitted, but not required, to exclude privately owned stores.[57] Off-premises sales on Sundays became legal on July 1, 2017.[56]

Mississippi
No
Yes
Local authorities fix hours of alcohol sale

Yes
No

ABW > 5% wine and sparkling wine sold in state-contracted stores which are open from 10:00 am until 10:00 pm (Closed Sundays) statewide. Beer and light wine (ABW < 5%, ABV < ~6.3%) sold in convenience stores/supermarkets. Beer and light wine (ABW < 5%) may be consumed by persons age 18-20 with parental supervision. Governor Phil Bryant signed a bill permitting beer with 8% ABW/10% ABV on April 9, 2012. The bill went into effect on July 1, 2012.[58]

No sales on Christmas Day. No state open container laws. Complimentary alcohol all day and night in coastal casinos.
In most counties, alcohol cannot be sold on Sundays. There are many dry counties in which it is illegal to possess alcoholic beverages, though some cities within dry counties have voted in beer sales.

Missouri
No
Most establishments:
(Mon–Sat) 6:00am–1:30am
(Sunday) 9:00am–12:00pm
Special licenses in Kansas City and St. Louis:
(Daily) 6:00am–3:00am

(Mon–Sat) 6:00am–1:30am
(Sunday) 9:00am–12:00am
Sales permitted until 3:00 am in those Kansas City and St. Louis bars grandfathered into the ability to double as liquor stores.

Yes

One of the most alcohol-permissive states, perhaps only behind Nevada and Louisiana:

No open container law.[59]
No state public intoxication law.
Liquor control law[60] covers all beverages containing more than 0.5% alcohol, without further particularities based on percentage.[61]
Cities and counties are prohibited from banning off-premises alcohol sales.[62]
No dry jurisdictions.
State preemption of local alcohol laws which do not follow state law.
Certain bars in Kansas City and St. Louis grandfathered into the ability to double as liquor stores.
Special licenses available for bars and nightclubs which allow selling alcohol until 3:00am in Kansas City,[63] Jackson County,[64] North Kansas City,[64] St. Louis,[65] and St. Louis County.[66]
Grocery stores, drug stores, and even gas stations may sell liquor without limitation other than hours.[67]
Patrons allowed to take open containers out of bars in Kansas City's Power & Light District.[68]
Parents and guardians may furnish alcohol to their children.[69]
Missourians over 21 may manufacture up to 100 gallons of any liquor per year for personal use, without any further state limitation, state taxation, or state license.[70] (Obtaining a permit from the Federal Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau and meeting other requirements under federal law probably still is required for private citizens to manufacture distilled alcohol - but not wine or beer - for personal use.[71][72][73][74][75])

Missouri law recognizes two types of alcoholic beverage: liquor, which is any beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol except "non-intoxicating beer"; and "non-intoxicating beer,"[76] which is beer containing between 0.5% and 3.2% alcohol. Liquor laws[77] apply to all liquor, and special laws apply to "non-intoxicating beer."[76]

Montana
No
Yes
Closing 2am

Yes
No

ABV > 16% wine sold in state-contracted stores, ABV < 16% may be sold in grocery stores.

Nebraska
No
6 a.m. – 1 a.m. Legislation passed in 2010 allows for municipalities to extend on-premises sales to 2 a.m. with two-thirds approval of city or county councils.[78]
Yes

No on- or off-premises sales of spirits before noon on Sundays. All beer, wine, and champagne can be sold starting at 6 a.m.

Nevada
No
24 hours
Yes

There are few restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol in Nevada except for age. The maximum abv of alcohol sold is 80%.[79]
State law also renders public intoxication legal, and explicitly prohibits any local or state law from making it a public offence.[80] Alcohol purchase is only controlled in Panaca.[81]

New Hampshire
No
Yes
6 a.m. – 1 a.m.
6 a.m. – 11:45 p.m.
Yes
No

Liquor sold in state-run stores, many found at highway rest areas.
14% ABV cap on beer. State is wholesaler of wine. State taxes beer $0.30/gal at the wholesale level.

New Jersey
No
Each municipality can control hours by local ordinance. Most municipalities have a last call of 2 or 3 a.m. Atlantic City, Brigantine, Absecon, Elwood, Pomona, Smithville, Galloway, and Mullica (All in Atlantic County) serve 24 hours. There are some dry towns in the southern part of the state, including Ocean City.
9 a.m.-10 p.m. for liquor. Beer and wine can be sold at any time on-premise sales are permitted in that municipality. This causes most liquor stores to close at 10 PM, however some will stay open an hour later selling only beer and wine. Cities of the first class (e.g. Jersey City and Newark) are exempt from this law and may set their own hours for liquor sales.[82]
Rarely
21
21 (unless provided by parent or guardian in private)
Some dry communities in historically Methodist and Quaker communities in the southern part of the state.
Though there is not a ban on selling alcoholic beverages at grocery stores, New Jersey limits each chain to two licenses, so with only a few exceptions, most supermarkets/convenience stores/gas stations/pharmacies do not sell alcoholic beverages. In addition, liquor sales are only permitted in a separate department or attached sister store.
Bars are allowed to off-sale packaged goods.
With the exception of Jersey City and Newark, all municipalities MUST allow off-sales of beer and wine at any time on-sales are permitted. However, since alcoholic beverages are generally only found in package stores, this right is rarely exercised.
Alcoholic beverages by the drink as well as off-sales of beer and wine are permitted 24 hours a day in Atlantic City and Brigantine.

New Mexico
No
7 a.m. – 2 a.m., except Sundays, for establishments with full dispenser license.[83]
7 a.m. – 11 p.m., except Sundays, for restaurants with beer and wine license.

7 a.m. – midnight except Sundays[84]
Yes

New Mexico issues two types of license for consumption on-premises: a full dispenser license allowing sale of all types of alcohol, or a restaurant license permitting sale of beer and wine only. An additional Sunday permit is available which allows sale (on or off premises) on Sundays from noon until midnight. Exceptions are the prohibition of alcohol sale on Christmas, regardless of the day it falls on,[85] and a Sunday permit allowing of sale (on or off premises) until 2:00 a.m. January 1, if December 31 falls on a Sunday.[86] Sunday permits are only available where approved by voters within a local option district.[87] Selling, serving and giving alcohol to a minor is a class 4 felony punishable by up to 18 months in prison,[88] except when "a parent, legal guardian or adult spouse of a minor serves alcoholic beverages to that minor on real property, other than licensed premises, under the control of the parent, legal guardian or adult spouse",[89] or for religious purposes.

text: New York–South Dakota[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery Store Sales
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Beer
Wine
Distilled Spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

New York
No
8 a.m. – 4 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 4 a.m. (Sun)
Some counties have more restrictive hours.
Beer: 24 hours
Wine & spirits: 8 a.m. – midnight (Mon–Sat)
Noon – 9 p.m. (Sun).
Yes
No
21

Off-premises sale of wine and spirits is only at liquor stores, and beer is not sold at liquor stores; it must be sold at supermarkets and convenience stores. Exchanges for returned items are permitted (at store owners' discretion).[90]
Some counties may retain the Sunday morning beer prohibition which the state discontinued as of July 30, 2006. Twelve dry towns, mostly in western region of state. Many counties have more restrictive off-premises hours, such as bans on beer sales overnight (hours vary). All liquor stores must be owned by a single owner, who owns that store and lives within a certain distance of it—effectively banning chain liquor stores from the state. New York City law does not allow open containers of alcohol in public.

North Carolina
No
Yes
7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
10 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Sun)
Beer and wine: 7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
10 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Sun)
Liquor: 9 a.m. – 9 p.m. (Mon – Sat)
Yes
No
21

15% ABV cap on beer, 16% cap on unfortified wine, 24% cap on fortified wine.[91]
No "happy hour," "buy one get one free," or "ladies night" style specials allowed.[92]

North Dakota
No
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 2 a.m. (Sun)
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 2 a.m. (Sun)
No
21

No off-sale on Thanksgiving Day. No Christmas Day on-sale, nor sales on Christmas Eve after 6 p.m.

Ohio
No
Yes
5:30 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.
5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m.
Yes, under 21% ABV
21
21 or older, unrestricted under supervision of individual's parent or legal guardian or legal age spouse[93]
12% ABV cap on beer was removed on May 31, 2016.[94] 21% ABV cap on wine.
Some counties have more restrictive off-premises hours.
The Division of Liquor Control does not operate retail outlets; it appoints private businesses to act as its agents and sell its products in exchange for a commission. Normal proof spirits (>21% ABV) are sold only in a limited number of agent stores. Many retail outlets sell diluted spirits (diluted by water to 21% ABV) under a more readily obtained permit.
No intoxicating liquor shall be handled by any person under twenty-one years of age, except that a person eighteen years of age or older employed by a permit holder may handle or sell beer or intoxicating liquor in sealed containers in connection with wholesale or retail sales, and any person nineteen years of age or older employed by a permit holder may handle intoxicating liquor in open containers when acting in the capacity of a server in a hotel, restaurant, club, or night club. .[95]
Beverages with less than 0.5% ABV can be sold/given to people under the age of eighteen if given by a physician in the regular line of his practice or given for established religious purposes, or the underage person is accompanied by a parent, spouse who is not an underage person, or legal guardian.[96]

Oklahoma
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m.
10 a.m. – 9 p.m. (Mon – Sat)
3.2% only
No
21

4.0% ABV/3.2 ABW or higher only sold at room temperature in liquor stores, Liquor Stores closed on Sundays and some holidays. As of 2007, liquor stores are now open on election days. State law prohibits public intoxication, many counties and cities also prohibit public intoxication.

Oregon
No
Yes
7 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.
7 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.[97]
Yes
No
21

Liquor, all of which is state-owned prior to sale to consumers, is sold in private liquor stores. These stores are approved by Oregon's Liquor Commissioners to act as sales agents on the state's behalf.[98]

Pennsylvania
No
Yes
Restaurants, and bars: 7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
11 a.m. - 2 a.m. (Sun)[99]
Clubs: 7 a.m. – 3 a.m.[100]
Beverage Centers and State Run Stores:
9 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 5 p.m . (Sun)[101]
Grocery Stores:
7 a.m. - 10 p.m. (Mon -
Sat)
9 a.m. - 10pm
(Sun)

Yes*
No
21

Spirits can only be sold at state-operated stores. All persons must be at least 21 years of age to enter a state-operated liquor store alone. Beer is not sold at state-operated liquor stores.
Beer (but not wine) to go can be purchased at beverage outlets in any quantity. Prior to 2015 beverage centers could only sell 24 pack cases or greater. The rules were relaxed to permit sales of beer in any quantity in 2016.
*Beer and wine to go can be purchased in restaurants and grocery stores (at a separate point of purchase for alcohol and prepared foods sales in grocery stores) (six and 12 packs/192oz max. purchase (two six packs)) with Liquor Control Board–issued licenses
Sunday sales were prohibited in LCB stores until 2003 (selected locations) and beverage outlets (owner's option) until 2005.
Special permits may be purchased for certain organizations for fundraisers once per calendar year, and are valid for a total of six days under the same rules governing restaurants.[102] Grain alcohol prohibited as a beverage.

Rhode Island
No
9 am – 1 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 1 a.m. (Sun)
9 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon – Sat)
10 a.m. – 6 p.m. (Sun)[103]
No
21
21
All alcohol may be sold only in liquor stores.
Bars may stay open until 2 a.m. in Providence only on Friday and Saturday nights and nights before a state-recognized holiday.

South Carolina
No
Yes
Liquor: 10 AM - 2 AM. Beer and Wine: Local Option.
Beer and low-alcohol wine: 24 hours
Liquor: 9 a.m. – 7 p.m. (Mon – Sat.)
Yes
No
21

14% ABW (17.5% ABV) cap on beer
Wine > 16% ABV sold in liquor stores
No hard liquor sales after 7 p.m. and none on Sundays.
No off-premises alcohol sales after midnight Saturday until 7 a.m. Monday, except in Aiken, Greenville, Pendleton, Spartanburg, Horry County, Colleton County, Richland County, Charleston County/city, Beaufort County, York County,[104] and Newberry County.[105]

South Dakota
No

Yes
21

14% ABV cap on beer

text: Tennessee–Wyoming, Puerto Rico[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery Stores
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Wine
Beer
Distilled Spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

Tennessee
No
Mon-Sat: 8 a.m. to 3 a.m.; Sun: Noon to 3 a.m. Hours of alcohol sale can be modified by local jurisdictions if approved by the alcohol control commission.
Beer: By municipality.
Wine & Spirits: 8 a.m. to 11 p.m. Mon–Sat[106]
Yes
No
21

Wine may be sold in grocery stores. Sales of wine and liquor are limited to on-premises in restaurants on Sundays. Retail stores must be closed for business on Christmas, Thanksgiving Day, Labor Day, New Year's Day, and the Fourth of July. Beer above 8% ABW /10.1% ABV must be sold in liquor stores. Open container law only applies to drivers, not passengers.[107]

Texas
No
Monday-Friday: 7am-midnight
Saturday: 7am-1am
Sunday: Noon to 12 midnight.
Some cities/counties permit sale until 2am (with license).
Beer/Non-hard liquor:
7 a.m. to midnight (Mon.-Fri.)
7 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. (Sat.)
Noon to midnight (Sun.)
Hard Liquor:
10 a.m. to 9 p.m. (Mon.-Sat.)
Yes
No
21

No alcohol cap but ABV > 15.5% requires additional license, so many places are beer/wine only.
Wet/dry issues determined by city/county election.
Liquor stores statewide closed all day Sunday.
An alcoholic beverage served (on-premises) to a customer between 10 a.m. and noon on Sunday may only be provided during the service of food to the customer. Eleven Texas counties are completely dry.[108] In many counties, public intoxication laws are vigorously upheld.[109] Texas law permits consumption by minors (any age under 21) if in the "visible presence" of a parent, guardian or adult spouse. (Section 106.04) Possession by minors is permitted as part of employment or education, or in the visible presence of an adult parent, guardian or spouse, or supervision of a commissioned peace officer. (Section 106.05) There are also exemptions for minors requesting or receiving medical attention.

Utah
Yes
Restaurants: Noon to midnight for liquor, 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. for beer. Bars may serve liquor from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.
Varies by state liquor store hours

3.2 only
No
21

ABV > 4.0+% sold in state-controlled stores only. 3.2% ABW (4.0% ABV) beer may be sold at grocery stores and convenience stores. State-controlled stores close on Sundays and cease operations no later than 10 p.m. the rest of the week. Restaurants must buy from the state-controlled store (no delivery) at retail prices. No alcohol is served in restaurants without purchase of food. Sales of kegs prohibited. Importation of alcohol into the state by private individuals generally prohibited.

Vermont
No
Yes
8 a.m. – 2 a.m.
6 a.m. – midnight

Yes
No
21

ABV > 16% beer and ABV > 16% wine are only available through state liquor stores (most of which are integrated within grocery and beverage stores[110]). A 2008 bill allows the sale of beer in grocery and convenience stores up to ABV 16%.

Virginia
No
Yes
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. No restrictions at any time for club licensees.
6 a.m. – 11:59 p.m. except local blue law.

Yes
No
21

Licensed supermarkets, convenience stores, and gas stations may sell beer and wine. Off-premises sales no later than 12 midnight. Liquor stores are owned and operated by the Commonwealth and are generally open 10am-9pm Monday-Saturday and from 12pm-6pm on Sunday.

Washington
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. (A local government subdivision may establish later opening hours or earlier closing hours.)
Yes
21

Beer and wine are available in specialty stores, grocery stores, convenience stores, department stores, taverns, and other locations licensed by the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. Spirits are available in stores greater than 10,000 sq ft (grocery stores, big box liquor chains). There are two exceptions to the 10,000-sq-ft rule: 1) Former State and Contract Liquor Stores that reopened under private ownership may also sell spirits provided they have been issued a new license from the state. 2) Cities, mostly in rural areas, that do not have a store that meets the minimum floor space may be allowed to sell spirits if the Liquor Control Board deems that there are no sufficient establishments within the trade area.

West Virginia
No
Yes
Beer/Wine: Mon-Sat:7 am-2 am, Sun:1 pm-2 am
Liquor: Mon-Sat:8 am-Midnight, Sun: Prohibited

Mon-Fri:7 am-3:30 am, Sat: 7A-3:00A, Sun:1 pm-3 am

Yes
21

12% ABV Cap on Beer. 75% ABV spirits Permitted. Liquor, wine and beer products that are not already in closed packaging must be bagged before exiting retail locations. State no longer operates retail stores (formerly State ABC Stores); Number of privately owned stores restricted according to county or city population. All stores are state contracted; Bars and clubs must purchase liquor from state contracted private stores in person. State retains monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.

Wisconsin
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sunday–Thursday, 2:30 a.m. Friday–Saturday, no closing time on New Year's Day.
6 a.m. – midnight for beer (some counties and municipalities only allow sales until 9 p.m. for beer), 6 a.m. – 9 p.m. for liquor and wine

By local ordinance
21

Wisconsin permits the consumption of alcohol by minors, provided they are being supervised by parents/guardians/spouses. Most municipalities have a uniform 9 p.m. restriction on all alcohol sales. Notable exceptions: Kenosha, Green Bay, La Crosse, Maple Bluff (near Madison), Baraboo (near the Dells). Supermarkets, liquor stores, and gas stations may sell liquor, wine, and beer. Law changed effective 12/7/2011 to allow all liquor sales to begin at 6 a.m.
Nonalcoholic beer is not regulated by state law.

Wyoming
No
Yes
6.00 a.m. – 2.00 a.m.

No
21

Clubs holding liquor licenses may be exempt from the hours of operation here specified by local ordinance or regulation of the appropriate licensing authority, but it does not seem to happen in practice

Puerto Rico
No
No territory-wide mandated last call
No territory-wide mandated hours of operation for liquor stores, but sales prohibited on Election Day and during hurricane emergencies; some municipalities prohibit sales after midnight weekdays or 2:00 weekends.

Beer, wine and spirits available for sale in supermarkets, convenience stores and drug stores as well as liquor stores.
18

Minimum drinking age is 18.

Drinking on the street is illegal in San Juan (except in designated areas during selected street festivals) but not in all cities.