document_title: List of Psych episodes

question_text: when did the last episode of psych air

question_tokens: when did the last episode of psych air

text: List of Psych episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
15
July 7, 2006
March 2, 2007

2
16
July 13, 2007
February 15, 2008

3
16
July 18, 2008
February 20, 2009

4
16
August 7, 2009
March 10, 2010

5
16
July 14, 2010
December 22, 2010

6
16
October 12, 2011
April 11, 2012

7
14
February 27, 2013
May 29, 2013

The Musical
December 15, 2013[a]

8
10
January 8, 2014
March 26, 2014

The Movie
December 7, 2017

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2006–07)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Michael Engler
Steve Franks
July 7, 2006 (2006-07-07)
1001
6.06[1]

2
2
"Spellingg Bee"
Mel Damski
Steve Franks
July 14, 2006 (2006-07-14)
1002
4.71[2]

3
3
"Speak Now or Forever Hold Your Piece"
Michael Zinberg
Steve Franks
July 21, 2006 (2006-07-21)
1003
4.69[3]

4
4
"Woman Seeking Dead Husband: Smokers Okay, No Pets"
Jeff Melman
Steve Franks
July 28, 2006 (2006-07-28)
1004
4.35[4]

5
5
"9 Lives"
Matt Shakman
Andy Berman
August 4, 2006 (2006-08-04)
1006
4.72[5]

6
6
"Weekend Warriors"
John Fortenberry
Douglas Steinberg
August 11, 2006 (2006-08-11)
1007
4.76[6]

7
7
"Who Ya Gonna Call?"
Michael Lange
Kerry Lenhart & John J. Sakmar
August 18, 2006 (2006-08-18)
1005
4.89[7]

8
8
"Shawn vs. the Red Phantom"
John T. Kretchmer
Anupam Nigam
August 25, 2006 (2006-08-25)
1008
4.64[8]

9
9
"Forget Me Not"
Mel Damski
Lee Goldberg & William Rabkin
January 19, 2007 (2007-01-19)
1009
3.78[9]

10
10
"From the Earth to the Starbucks"
Michael Zinberg
Steve Franks
January 26, 2007 (2007-01-26)
1013
3.70[10]

11
11
"He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not, He Loves Me, Oops He's Dead!"
Tim Matheson
Andy Berman
February 2, 2007 (2007-02-02)
1014
3.81[11]

12
12
"Cloudy... With a Chance of Murder"
Lev L. Spiro
Andy Berman
February 9, 2007 (2007-02-09)
1010
3.60[12]

13
13
"Game, Set... Muuurder?"
James L. Conway
Anupam Nigam
February 16, 2007 (2007-02-16)
1012
3.20[13]

14
14
"Poker? I Barely Know Her"
Joanna Kerns
Kerry Lenhart, John J. Sakmar & Douglas Steinberg
February 23, 2007 (2007-02-23)
1015
3.74[14]

15
15
"Scary Sherry: Bianca's Toast"
John Landis
Steve Franks & James Roday
March 2, 2007 (2007-03-02)
1011
4.48[15]

text: Season 2 (2007–08)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

16
1
"American Duos"
John Landis
Steve Franks & James Roday
July 13, 2007 (2007-07-13)
2002
4.33[16]

17
2
"65 Million Years Off"
Tim Matheson
Steve Franks
July 20, 2007 (2007-07-20)
2003
3.90[17]

18
3
"Psy vs. Psy"
Mel Damski
Andy Berman
July 27, 2007 (2007-07-27)
2001
3.06[18][b]

19
4
"Zero to Murder in Sixty Seconds"
Stephen Surjik
Saladin K. Patterson
August 3, 2007 (2007-08-03)
2004
1.86[19][c]

20
5
"And Down the Stretch Comes Murder"
Michael Zinberg
Josh Bycel
August 10, 2007 (2007-08-10)
2005
4.43[20]

21
6
"Meat Is Murder, But Murder Is Also Murder"
Eric Laneuville
Daniel Hsia
August 17, 2007 (2007-08-17)
2006
3.81[21]

22
7
"If You're So Smart, Then Why Are You Dead?"
Arlene Sanford
Anupam Nigam
August 24, 2007 (2007-08-24)
2007
4.25[22]

23
8
"Rob-a-Bye Baby"
Paul Lazarus
Tami Sagher
September 7, 2007 (2007-09-07)
2008
3.73[23]

24
9
"Bounty Hunters!"
John Badham
Andy Berman
September 14, 2007 (2007-09-14)
2009
4.15[24]

25
10
"Gus' Dad May Have Killed an Old Guy"
Oz Scott
Saladin K. Patterson
December 7, 2007 (2007-12-07)
2011
3.67[25]

26
11
"There's Something About Mira"
Joanna Kerns
Josh Bycel & Daniel Hsia
January 11, 2008 (2008-01-11)
2012
4.69[26]

27
12
"The Old and the Restless"
Jason Ensler
Anupam Nigam
January 18, 2008 (2008-01-18)
2013
3.86[27]

28
13
"Lights, Camera... Homicidio"
Matt Shakman
Andy Berman
January 25, 2008 (2008-01-25)
2015
4.66[28]

29
14
"Dis-Lodged"
Mel Damski
Tim Meltreger
February 1, 2008 (2008-02-01)
2010
4.07[29]

30
15
"Black and Tan: A Crime of Fashion"
Mel Damski
Steve Franks & James Roday
February 8, 2008 (2008-02-08)
2014
3.51[30]

31
16
"Shawn (and Gus) of the Dead"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
February 15, 2008 (2008-02-15)
2016
4.70[31]

text: Season 3 (2008–09)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production code
U.S. viewers
(million)

32
1
"Ghosts"
Stephen Surjik
Steve Franks
July 18, 2008 (2008-07-18)
3001
4.89[32]

33
2
"Murder? … Anyone? … Anyone? … Bueller?"
Michael McMurray
Andy Berman
July 25, 2008 (2008-07-25)
3002
4.48[33]

34
3
"Daredevils!"
John Badham
Anupam Nigam
August 1, 2008 (2008-08-01)
3003
4.29[34]

35
4
"The Greatest Adventure in the History of Basic Cable"
Jay Chandrasekhar
Josh Bycel
August 8, 2008 (2008-08-08)
3004
3.40[35]

36
5
"Disco Didn't Die. It Was Murdered!"
Mel Damski
Saladin K. Patterson
August 15, 2008 (2008-08-15)
3005
3.66[36]

37
6
"There Might Be Blood"
John Badham
Kell Cahoon
August 22, 2008 (2008-08-22)
3006
3.96[37]

38
7
"Talk Derby to Me"
Steve Miner
Tim Meltreger
September 5, 2008 (2008-09-05)
3007
4.23[38]

39
8
"Gus Walks into a Bank"
Eric Laneuville
Andy Berman
September 12, 2008 (2008-09-12)
3008
4.02[39]

40
9
"Christmas Joy"
John Landis
Saladin K. Patterson
November 28, 2008 (2008-11-28)
3009
3.71[40]

41
10
"Six Feet Under the Sea"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
January 9, 2009 (2009-01-09)
3010
4.14[41]

42
11
"Lassie Did a Bad, Bad Thing"
Stephen Surjik
Kell Cahoon
January 16, 2009 (2009-01-16)
3011
3.65[42]

43
12
"Earth, Wind and... Wait for It"
Tim Matheson
Anupam Nigam
January 23, 2009 (2009-01-23)
3012
3.83[43]

44
13
"Any Given Friday Night at 10pm, 9pm Central"
Mel Damski
Josh Bycel
January 30, 2009 (2009-01-30)
3013
4.32[44]

45
14
"Truer Lies"
Martha Coolidge
Victoria Walker
February 6, 2009 (2009-02-06)
3014
4.46[45]

46
15
"Tuesday the 17th"
James Roday
Steve Franks & James Roday
February 13, 2009 (2009-02-13)
3015
4.27[46]

47
16
"An Evening with Mr. Yang"
Mel Damski
Andy Berman & James Roday
February 20, 2009 (2009-02-20)
3016
4.83[47]

text: Season 4 (2009–10)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production code
U.S. viewers
(million)

48
1
"Extradition: British Columbia"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
August 7, 2009 (2009-08-07)
4001
3.98[48]

49
2
"He Dead"
Michael McMurray
Saladin K. Patterson
August 14, 2009 (2009-08-14)
4002
4.20[49]

50
3
"High Noon-ish"
Mel Damski
Kell Cahoon
August 21, 2009 (2009-08-21)
4003
3.87[50]

51
4
"The Devil's in the Details... and the Upstairs Bedroom"
John Badham
Bill Callahan
August 28, 2009 (2009-08-28)
4004
4.08[51]

52
5
"Shawn Gets the Yips"
Tawnia McKiernan
Kell Cahoon & Bill Callahan
September 11, 2009 (2009-09-11)
4005
4.03[52]

53
6
"Bollywood Homicide"
Jay Chandrasekhar
Steve Franks & Anupam Nigam
September 18, 2009 (2009-09-18)
4006
3.74[53]

54
7
"High Top Fade-Out"
Stephen Surjik
Saladin K. Patterson & James Roday
September 25, 2009 (2009-09-25)
4007
3.69[54]

55
8
"Let's Get Hairy"
Andrew Bernstein
Todd Harthan & James Roday
October 9, 2009 (2009-10-09)
4008
3.34[55]

56
9
"Shawn Takes a Shot in the Dark"
Mel Damski
Andy Berman
October 16, 2009 (2009-10-16)
4009
3.68[56]

57
10
"You Can't Handle This Episode"
Mel Damski
Andy Berman
January 27, 2010 (2010-01-27)
4010
4.37[57]

58
11
"Thrill Seekers and Hell-Raisers"
Mel Damski
Kell Cahoon & Saladin K. Patterson
February 3, 2010 (2010-02-03)
4011
2.86[58]

59
12
"A Very Juliet Episode"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks & Tim Meltreger
February 10, 2010 (2010-02-10)
4012
3.57[59]

60
13
"Death Is in the Air"
Stephen Surjik
Bill Callahan & Anupam Nigam
February 17, 2010 (2010-02-17)
4013
2.94[60]

61
14
"Think Tank"
Stephen Surjik
Steve Franks & Andy Berman
February 24, 2010 (2010-02-24)
4014
3.57[61]

62
15
"The Head, the Tail, the Whole Damn Episode"
Matt Shakman
Steve Franks & Tim Meltreger
March 3, 2010 (2010-03-03)
4015
2.87[62]

63
16
"Mr. Yin Presents..."
James Roday
Andy Berman & James Roday
March 10, 2010 (2010-03-10)
4016
2.95[63]

text: Season 5 (2010)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production code
U.S. viewers
(million)

64
1
"Romeo and Juliet and Juliet"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
July 14, 2010 (2010-07-14)
5001
3.68[64]

65
2
"Feet Don't Kill Me Now"
Mel Damski
Saladin K. Patterson
July 21, 2010 (2010-07-21)
5002
3.30[65]

66
3
"Not Even Close... Encounters"
John Badham
Bill Callahan
July 28, 2010 (2010-07-28)
5003
3.74[66]

67
4
"Chivalry Is Not Dead... But Someone Is"
Jay Chandrasekhar
Andy Berman
August 4, 2010 (2010-08-04)
5004
3.48[67]

68
5
"Shawn and Gus in Drag (Racing)"
Mel Damski
Kell Cahoon & Tim Meltreger
August 11, 2010 (2010-08-11)
5005
3.78[68]

69
6
"Viagra Falls"
Andrew Bernstein
Todd Harthan
August 18, 2010 (2010-08-18)
5006
4.11[69]

70
7
"Ferry Tale"
Reginald Hudlin
Kell Cahoon & Saladin K. Patterson
August 25, 2010 (2010-08-25)
5007
3.63[70]

71
8
"Shawn 2.0"
David Crabtree
Bill Callahan
September 1, 2010 (2010-09-01)
5008
3.70[71]

72
9
"One, Maybe Two, Ways Out"
Mel Damski
Andy Berman & Todd Harthan
September 8, 2010 (2010-09-08)
5009
3.11[72]

73
10
"Extradition II: The Actual Extradition Part"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
November 10, 2010 (2010-11-10)
5010
2.79[73]

74
11
"In Plain Fright"
Stephen Surjik
Steve Franks & Tim Meltreger
November 17, 2010 (2010-11-17)
5011
2.99[74]

75
12
"Dual Spires"
Matt Shakman
Bill Callahan & James Roday
December 1, 2010 (2010-12-01)
5012
3.54[75]

76
13
"We'd Like to Thank the Academy"
Tawnia McKiernan
Bill Callahan & Todd Harthan
December 8, 2010 (2010-12-08)
5013
3.09[76]

77
14
"The Polarizing Express"
James Roday
Saladin K. Patterson & James Roday
December 15, 2010 (2010-12-15)
5014
2.43[77]

78
15
"Dead Bear Walking"
Andy Berman
Andy Berman
December 15, 2010 (2010-12-15)
5015
2.53[77]

79
16
"Yang 3 in 2D"
Mel Damski
Andy Berman & James Roday
December 22, 2010 (2010-12-22)
5016
2.90[78]

text: Season 6 (2011–12)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production code
U.S. viewers
(million)

80
1
"Shawn Rescues Darth Vader"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
October 12, 2011 (2011-10-12)
6001
3.00[79]

81
2
"Last Night Gus"
Andy Berman
Andy Berman
October 19, 2011 (2011-10-19)
6002
2.48[80]

82
3
"This Episode Sucks"
James Roday
Todd Harthan & James Roday
October 26, 2011 (2011-10-26)
6003
3.28[81]

83
4
"The Amazing Psych-Man & Tap Man, Issue #2"
Mel Damski
Saladin K. Patterson
November 2, 2011 (2011-11-02)
6004
3.08[82]

84
5
"Dead Man's Curve Ball"
Mel Damski
Bill Callahan
November 9, 2011 (2011-11-09)
6005
2.45[83]

85
6
"Shawn, Interrupted"
Andrew Bernstein
Kell Cahoon
November 16, 2011 (2011-11-16)
6006
2.46[84]

86
7
"In for a Penny..."
Mel Damski
Todd Harthan
November 30, 2011 (2011-11-30)
6007
3.17[85]

87
8
"The Tao of Gus"
John Badham
Tim Meltreger
December 7, 2011 (2011-12-07)
6008
2.70[86]

88
9
"Neil Simon's Lover's Retreat"
Brad Turner
Carlos Jacott
December 14, 2011 (2011-12-14)
6009
3.03[87]

89
10
"Indiana Shawn and the Temple of the Kinda Crappy, Rusty Old Dagger"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
February 29, 2012 (2012-02-29)
6010
2.46[88]

90
11
"Heeeeere's Lassie"
James Roday
Todd Harthan & Tim Meltreger
March 7, 2012 (2012-03-07)
6011
2.86[89]

91
12
"Shawn and the Real Girl"
Timothy Busfield
Andy Berman
March 14, 2012 (2012-03-14)
6012
2.57[90]

92
13
"Let's Doo-Wop It Again"
Jay Chandrasekhar
Saladin K. Patterson & Kell Cahoon
March 21, 2012 (2012-03-21)
6013
2.73[91]

93
14
"Autopsy Turvy"
Jennifer Lynch
Andy Berman & James Roday
March 28, 2012 (2012-03-28)
6014
2.36[92]

94
15
"True Grits"
Reginald Hudlin
Saladin K. Patterson
April 4, 2012 (2012-04-04)
6015
2.64[93]

95
16
"Santabarbaratown"
David Crabtree
Bill Callahan
April 11, 2012 (2012-04-11)
6016
2.71[94]

text: Season 7 (2013)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production code
U.S. viewers
(million)

96
1
"Santabarbaratown 2"
Mel Damski
Steve Franks & Bill Callahan
February 27, 2013 (2013-02-27)
7001
2.94[95]

97
2
"Juliet Takes a Luvvah"
Andy Berman
Andy Berman
March 6, 2013 (2013-03-06)
7002
2.81[96]

98
3
"Lassie Jerky"
James Roday
James Roday
March 13, 2013 (2013-03-13)
7003
3.04[97]

99
4
"No Country for Two Old Men"
Mel Damski
Kell Cahoon
March 20, 2013 (2013-03-20)
7004
2.45[98]

100
5
"100 Clues"
Matt Shakman
Todd Harthan
March 27, 2013 (2013-03-27)
7005
2.93[99]

101
6
"Cirque Du Soul"
Jennifer Lynch
Saladin K. Patterson
April 3, 2013 (2013-04-03)
7006
2.41[100]

102
7
"Deez Nups"
James Roday
Bill Callahan & James Roday
April 10, 2013 (2013-04-10)
7007
2.25[101]

103
8
"Right Turn or Left for Dead"
David Crabtree
Carlos Jacott
April 17, 2013 (2013-04-17)
7008
2.77[102]

104
9
"Juliet Wears the Pantsuit"
Jennifer Lynch
Brittany Hilgers
April 24, 2013 (2013-04-24)
7009
2.46[103]

105
10
"Santa Barbarian Candidate"
Richard Coleman
Tim Meltreger
May 1, 2013 (2013-05-01)
7010
2.35[104]

106
11
"Office Space"
Andrew Bernstein
Andy Berman & Todd Harthan
May 8, 2013 (2013-05-08)
7011
2.29[105]

107
12
"Dead Air"
Saladin K. Patterson
Saladin K. Patterson & Kell Cahoon
May 15, 2013 (2013-05-15)
7012
2.31[106]

108
13
"Nip and Suck It!"
Mel Damski
Carlos Jacott & Tim Meltreger
May 22, 2013 (2013-05-22)
7013
2.48[107]

109
14
"No Trout About It"
Brad Turner
Bill Callahan & Carlos Jacott
May 29, 2013 (2013-05-29)
7014
2.18[108]

text: Psych: The Musical (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

110
"Psych: The Musical"†
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
December 15, 2013 (2013-12-15)
7015/7016
2.23[109]

text: Season 8 (2014)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production code
U.S. viewers
(million)

111
1
"Lock, Stock, Some Smoking Barrels and Burton Guster's Goblet of Fire"
Steve Franks
Kell Cahoon & Steve Franks
January 8, 2014 (2014-01-08)
8003
2.28[110]

112
2
"S.E.I.Z.E. the Day"
David Crabtree
Todd Harthan
January 15, 2014 (2014-01-15)
8001
1.51[111]

113
3
"Remake A.K.A. Cloudy... With a Chance of Improvement"
Andy Berman
Andy Berman & Todd Harthan
January 22, 2014 (2014-01-22)
8004
1.61[112]

114
4
"Someone's Got a Woody"
Mel Damski
Andy Berman & Saladin K. Patterson
January 29, 2014 (2014-01-29)
8002
1.73[113]

115
5
"Cog Blocked"
Brad Turner
Carlos Jacott
February 5, 2014 (2014-02-05)
8006
1.79[114]

116
6
"1967: A Psych Odyssey"
Kirsten Nelson
Tim Meltreger & James Roday
February 26, 2014 (2014-02-26)
8005
1.53[115]

117
7
"Shawn and Gus Truck Things Up"
David Crabtree
Saladin K. Patterson
March 5, 2014 (2014-03-05)
8009
1.56[116]

118
8
"A Touch of Sweevil"
Richard Coleman
Kell Cahoon & Todd Harthan
March 12, 2014 (2014-03-12)
8007
1.36[117]

119
9
"A Nightmare on State Street"
James Roday
Carlos Jacott
March 19, 2014 (2014-03-19)
8010
1.53[118]

120
10
"The Break-Up"
Steve Franks
Steve Franks
March 26, 2014 (2014-03-26)
8008
1.93[119]

text: Psych: The Movie (2017)[edit]

text:
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

"Psych: The Movie"†
Steve Franks
Steve Franks & James Roday
December 7, 2017 (2017-12-07)
N/A
1.26[120]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "Psych: The Musical" aired as a special event on December 15, 2013, outside of the seventh season's primary run.
Jump up ^ This viewership number represents only the number of household viewers. Total viewers were unavailable for this episode.
Jump up ^ This viewership number represents only the number of people aged 25-54 who watched the episode. Also, 1.75m people aged 18-49 watched. Total viewers were unavailable for this episode.

text: † denotes a two-hour movie (with advertisements).

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13
Ep. 14
Ep. 15
Ep. 16

1
6.06
4.71
4.69
4.35
4.72
4.76
4.89
4.64
3.78
3.70
3.81
3.60
3.20
3.74
4.48
N/A

2
4.33
3.90
3.06
1.86
4.43
3.81
4.25
3.73
4.15
3.67
4.69
3.86
4.66
4.07
3.51
4.70

3
4.89
4.48
4.29
3.40
3.66
3.96
4.23
4.02
3.71
4.14
3.65
3.83
4.32
4.46
4.27
4.83

4
3.98
4.20
3.87
4.08
4.03
3.74
3.69
3.34
3.68
4.37
2.86
3.57
2.94
3.57
2.87
2.95

5
3.98
3.30
3.74
3.48
3.78
4.11
3.63
3.70
3.11
2.79
2.99
3.54
3.09
2.43
2.53
2.90

6
3.00
2.48
3.28
3.08
2.45
2.46
3.17
2.70
3.03
2.46
2.86
2.57
2.73
2.36
2.64
2.71

7
2.94
2.81
3.04
2.45
2.93
2.41
2.25
2.77
2.46
2.35
2.29
2.31
2.48
2.18
2.23
N/A

8
2.28
1.51
1.61
1.73
1.79
1.53
1.56
1.36
1.53
1.93
N/A


document_title: 50 home run club

question_text: who holds the record for most home runs in a single season

root

text: 50 home run club

text: Members[edit]

text:
Key

Year

The year the player's 50 home run season occurred

Player (X)

Name of the player and number of 50 home run seasons they had accomplished at that point

Team

The player's team for his 50 home run season

HR

Number of home runs in that season

Career HR

The number of home runs the player hit in his MLB career

^

Denotes single-season home run record progression

Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame

Player is active

tag: table

text:
Members of the 50 home run club

Year

Player

Team

HR

Career HR

Ref

1920

Babe Ruth

New York Yankees
54^
714
[5]

1921

Babe Ruth (2)

New York Yankees
59^
714
[5]

1927

Babe Ruth (3)

New York Yankees
60^
714
[5]

1928

Babe Ruth (4)

New York Yankees
54
714
[5]

1930

Hack Wilson

Chicago Cubs
56
244
[29]

1932

Jimmie Foxx

Philadelphia Athletics
58
534
[30]

1938

Jimmie Foxx (2)

Boston Red Sox
50
534
[30]

1938

Hank Greenberg

Detroit Tigers
58
331
[31]

1947

Johnny Mize

New York Giants
51
359
[32]

1947

Ralph Kiner

Pittsburgh Pirates
51
369
[33]

1949

Ralph Kiner (2)

Pittsburgh Pirates
54
369
[33]

1955

Willie Mays

New York Giants
51
660
[34]

1956

Mickey Mantle

New York Yankees
52
536
[35]

1961

Mickey Mantle (2)

New York Yankees
54
536
[35]

1961

Roger Maris

New York Yankees
61^
275
[36]

1965

Willie Mays (2)

San Francisco Giants
52
660
[34]

1977

George Foster

Cincinnati Reds
52
348
[37]

1990

Cecil Fielder

Detroit Tigers
51
319
[38]

1995

Albert Belle

Cleveland Indians
50
381
[39]

1996

Brady Anderson

Baltimore Orioles
50
210
[40]

1996

Mark McGwire

Oakland Athletics
52
583
[41]

1997

Ken Griffey Jr.

Seattle Mariners
56
630
[42]

1997

Mark McGwire (2)

Oakland AthleticsSt. Louis Cardinals
58
583
[41]

1998

Greg Vaughn

San Diego Padres
50
355
[43]

1998

Ken Griffey Jr. (2)

Seattle Mariners
56
630
[42]

1998

Sammy Sosa

Chicago Cubs
66
609
[44]

1998

Mark McGwire (3)

St. Louis Cardinals
70^
583
[41]

1999

Sammy Sosa (2)

Chicago Cubs
63
609
[44]

1999

Mark McGwire (4)

St. Louis Cardinals
65
583
[41]

2000

Sammy Sosa (3)

Chicago Cubs
50
609
[44]

2001

Alex Rodriguez

Texas Rangers
52
696
[45]

2001

Luis Gonzalez

Arizona Diamondbacks
57
354
[46]

2001

Sammy Sosa (4)

Chicago Cubs
64
609
[44]

2001

Barry Bonds

San Francisco Giants
73^
762
[47]

2002

Jim Thome

Cleveland Indians
52
612
[48]

2002

Alex Rodriguez (2)

Texas Rangers
57
696
[45]

2005

Andruw Jones

Atlanta Braves
51
434
[49]

2006

Ryan Howard

Philadelphia Phillies
58
382
[8]

2006

David Ortiz

Boston Red Sox
54
541
[50]

2007

Alex Rodriguez (3)

New York Yankees
54
696
[45]

2007

Prince Fielder

Milwaukee Brewers
50
319
[51]

2010

José Bautista

Toronto Blue Jays
54
338
[52]

2013

Chris Davis

Baltimore Orioles
53
261
[53]

2017

Giancarlo Stanton

Miami Marlins
59
289
[54]

2017

Aaron Judge

New York Yankees
52
81
[55]


document_title: United States district court

question_text: who nominates judges to the us district courts

text: United States district court

text: Other federal trial courts[edit]

text: There are other federal trial courts that have nationwide jurisdiction over certain types of cases, but the district court also has concurrent jurisdiction over many of those cases, and the district court is the only one with jurisdiction over civilian criminal cases. The United States Court of International Trade addresses cases involving international trade and customs issues. The United States Court of Federal Claims has exclusive jurisdiction over most claims for money damages against the United States, including disputes over federal contracts, unlawful takings of private property by the federal government, and suits for injury on federal property or by a federal employee. The United States Tax Court has jurisdiction over contested pre-assessment determinations of taxes.

tag: p

text: United States district judges[edit]

text: A judge of a United States district court is officially titled a "United States District Judge". Other federal judges, including circuit judges and Supreme Court Justices, can also sit in a district court upon assignment by the chief judge of the circuit or by the Chief Justice of the United States. The number of judges in each district court (and the structure of the judicial system generally) is set by Congress in the United States Code. The President appoints the federal judges for terms of good behavior (subject to the advice and consent of the Senate), so the nominees often share at least some of his or her convictions. In states represented by a senator of the President's party, the senator (or the more senior of them if both senators are of the president's party) has substantial input into the nominating process, and through a tradition known as senatorial courtesy can exercise an unofficial veto over a nominee unacceptable to the senator.

text: With the exception of the territorial courts (Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands), federal district judges are Article III judges appointed for life, and can be removed involuntarily only when they violate the standard of "good behavior". The sole method of involuntary removal of a judge is through impeachment by the United States House of Representatives followed by a trial in the United States Senate and a conviction by a two-thirds vote. Otherwise, a judge, even if convicted of a felony criminal offense by a jury, is entitled to hold office until retirement or death. In the history of the United States, only twelve judges have been impeached by the House, and only seven have been removed following conviction in the Senate. (For a table that includes the twelve impeached judges, see Impeachment in the United States.)

text: A judge who has reached the age of 65 (or has become disabled) may retire or elect to go on senior status and keep working. Such senior judges are not counted in the quota of active judges for the district and do only whatever work they are assigned by the chief judge of the district, but they keep their offices (called "chambers") and staff, and many of them work full-time. A federal judge is addressed in writing as "The Honorable John/Jane Doe" or "Hon. John/Jane Doe" and in speech as "Judge" or "Judge Doe" or, when presiding in court, "Your Honor".

text: District judges usually concentrate on managing their court's overall caseload, supervising trials, and writing opinions in response to important motions like the motion for summary judgment. Since the 1960s, routine tasks like resolving discovery disputes can, in the district judge's discretion, be referred to magistrate judges. Magistrate judges can also be requested to prepare reports and recommendations on contested matters for the district judge's consideration or, with the consent of all parties, to assume complete jurisdiction over a case including conducting the trial.

text: Federal magistrate judges are appointed by each district court pursuant to statute. They are appointed for an eight-year term and may be reappointed for additional eight-year terms. A magistrate judge may be removed "for incompetency, misconduct, neglect of duty, or physical or mental disability".[5] A magistrate judgeship may be a stepping stone to a district judgeship nomination.

text: As of 2010, there were 678 authorized district court judgeships.[6] A study put forth by Brennan Center for Justice at New York University of Law found that under the Obama administration and especially in the year 2009 there have been a "uniquely high" number of vacancies in Federal Court, averaging 60 or more from the years 2009 to 2013. The Obama administration has blamed Senate Republicans for opposing (and therefore, not confirming) presidential nominations, while the Republicans say Obama has been slow to nominate.[7]

text: Jurisdiction[edit]

text:
Civil procedure
in the United States

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Doctrines of civil procedure

Jurisdiction · Venue

Pleadings · Motions

Service of process
Complaint
Answer
Counterclaim
Crossclaim

Pre-trial procedure

Discovery

Interrogatories
Depositions

Request for admissions
Request for production

Resolution without trial

Default judgment
Summary judgment
Voluntary dismissal
Involuntary dismissal
Settlement

Trial

Parties
Jury
Burden of proof
Judgment

Appeal

Mandamus
Certiorari

v
t
e

text: Unlike some state courts, the power of federal courts to hear cases and controversies is strictly limited. Federal courts may not decide every case that happens to come before them. In order for a district court to entertain a lawsuit, Congress must first grant the court subject matter jurisdiction over the type of dispute in question.

text: The district courts exercise original jurisdiction over—that is, they are empowered to conduct trials in—the following types of cases:

text:
Civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States;[8]
Certain civil actions between citizens of different states;[9]
Civil actions within the admiralty or maritime jurisdiction of the United States;[10]
Criminal prosecutions brought by the United States;[11]
Civil actions in which the United States is a party;[12] and
Many other types of cases and controversies[13]

tag: ul

text: For most of these cases, the jurisdiction of the federal district courts is concurrent with that of the state courts. In other words, a plaintiff can choose to bring these cases in either a federal district court or a state court. Congress has established a procedure whereby a party, typically the defendant, can "remove" a case from state court to federal court, provided that the federal court also has original jurisdiction over the matter (meaning that the case could have been filed in federal court initially).[14] If the party that initially filed the case in state court believes that removal was improper, that party can ask the district court to "remand" the case to the state court system. For certain matters, such as patent and copyright infringement disputes and prosecutions for federal crimes, the jurisdiction of the district courts is exclusive of that of the state courts, meaning that only federal courts can hear those cases.[note 2]

text: In addition to their original jurisdiction, the district courts have appellate jurisdiction over a very limited class of judgments, orders, and decrees.[15]

text: Attorneys[edit]

text: In order to represent a party in a case in a district court, a person must be an attorney at law and generally must be admitted to the bar of that particular court. The United States usually does not have a separate bar examination for federal practice (except with respect to patent practice before the United States Patent and Trademark Office). Admission to the bar of a district court is generally available to any attorney who is admitted to practice law in the state where the district court sits.[note 3]

text: 56 districts (around 60% of all district courts) require an attorney to be admitted to practice in the state where the district court sits. The other 39 districts (around 40% of all district courts) extend admission to certain lawyers admitted in other states, although conditions vary from court to court. For example, the district courts in New York City (Southern District of New York and Eastern District of New York) extend admission to attorneys admitted to the bar in Connecticut or Vermont and to the district court in that state, but otherwise require attorneys to be admitted to the New York bar. Only 13 districts extend admission to attorneys admitted to any U.S. state bar.[16]

text: The attorney generally submits an application with a fee and takes the oath of admission. Local practice varies as to whether the oath is given in writing or in open court before a judge of the district. A "sponsor" admitted to the court's bar is often required. Several district courts require attorneys seeking admission to their bars to take an additional bar examination on federal law, including the following: the Southern District of Ohio,[17] the Northern District of Florida,[18] and the District of Puerto Rico.[19]

text: Pro hac vice admission is also available in most federal district courts on a case-by-case basis. Most district courts require pro hac vice attorneys to associate with an attorney admitted to practice before the court.[16]

text: Appeals[edit]

text: Generally, a final ruling by a district court in either a civil or a criminal case can be appealed to the United States court of appeals in the federal judicial circuit in which the district court is located, except that some district court rulings involving patents and certain other specialized matters must be appealed instead to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and in a very few cases the appeal may be taken directly to the United States Supreme Court.

text: Largest and busiest district courts[edit]

text: The Central District of California is the largest federal district by population;[20] it includes all five counties that make up the Greater Los Angeles Area. By contrast, New York City and the surrounding metropolitan area are divided between the Southern District of New York (which includes Manhattan, The Bronx and Westchester County) and the Eastern District of New York (which includes Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, Nassau County and Suffolk County). New York suburbs in Connecticut and New Jersey are covered by the District of Connecticut and District of New Jersey, respectively.

text: The Southern District of New York and the Central District of California are the largest federal districts by number of judges, with 28 and 27, respectively.[21]

text: In 2007, the busiest district courts in terms of criminal federal felony filings were the District of New Mexico, Western District of Texas, Southern District of Texas, and the District of Arizona. These four districts all share the border with Mexico.[22] A crackdown on illegal immigration resulted in 75 percent of the criminal cases filed in the 94 district courts in 2007 being filed in these four districts and the other district that borders Mexico, the Southern District of California.[23] The busiest patent litigation court is the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, with the most patent lawsuits filed there nearly every year.[24]

text: Extinct district courts[edit]

text: Subdivided district courts[edit]

text: Most extinct district courts have disappeared by being divided into smaller districts. The following courts were subdivided out of existence: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin.

text: Other abolished district courts[edit]

text: On rare occasions, an extinct district court was extinguished by merging it with other district courts. In every case except one, this has restored a district court that had been subdivided:

text:
Between 1794 and 1797, the United States District Court for the District of North Carolina was divided into the United States District Courts for the Districts of Edenton, New Bern, and Wilmington.
Between 1801 and 1802, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey was divided into the United States District Courts for the Districts of East Jersey and West Jersey.
When California was admitted as a state in 1850, it was initially divided into two districts, the Northern and the Southern.[25] The Southern District of California was abolished on July 27, 1866, and the State made to constitute one district, the statute providing that the Judge of the Northern District exercise the powers of the United States District Court for the District of California, and that all records of the Southern District Court be delivered to the Clerk of the Northern District Court.[25] Twenty years later, on August 5, 1886, Congress re-created the Southern District of California.[25]
Between 1911 and 1961, the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina was divided into the United States District Courts for the Eastern and Western District of South Carolina.
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois was eliminated and a new United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois was created in its place on October 2, 1978.

text: There are a few additional extinct district courts that fall into neither of the above two patterns.

text:
From 1801 to 1802, the District of Columbia and pieces of Maryland and Virginia formed the United States District Court for the District of Potomac, which was the first United States district court to cross state lines. During the same period, the United States District Court for the District of Norfolk was carved out of another piece of Virginia. The United States District Courts for the Districts of Maryland and Virginia remained during this brief period.
From 1801 to 1802, and again from 1802 to 1872, the state of North Carolina was subdivided into the United States District Courts for the Districts of Albemarle, Cape Fear, and Pamptico. These courts were extinguished when the state was reorganized into the United States District Courts for the Eastern and Western Districts of North Carolina.
United States District Court for the District of Orleans. This court was renamed the United States District Court for the District of Louisiana when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana.
United States District Court for the Canal Zone. This court was abolished, effective March 31, 1982, as part of the process of returning the Canal Zone to Panama. Cases then pending in the Canal Zone court were transferred to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana in New Orleans.
United States Court for China. This court functioned as a district court between 1906 and 1943. It had jurisdiction over American citizens in China.


document_title: Church tabernacle

question_text: where is the host kept in the church

question_tokens: where is the host kept in the church

text: Church tabernacle

text: History[edit]

text: The following historical information is found, for instance, in the article The casing of the Eucharist by the Secretary of the Congregation for the Clergy, Archbishop Mauro Piacenza, who also heads the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Patrimony of the Catholic Church, in 30Days, No. 6 Year XXIII – June 2005.

text: In early Christianity, priests and or lay people commissioned by them took bread consecrated at their Eucharist to their homes, in order to give it to the sick and others unable to attend the celebration. But when the Edict of Milan ended persecution, and the early Church was allowed to practice its religion publicly, the Eucharist was no longer kept safeguarded in private Christian homes, but was reserved near the altars of churches.

text: The preferred containers, the original "tabernacles", then had the form of a (usually gold) dove within a (usually silver) tower. There is mention of a gift of these two vessels, both of gold and adorned with 250 white pearls, that the Emperor Constantine gave to Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome, and of silver towers and golden doves given to particular churches by Pope Innocent I and Pope Hilarius.

text: The vessels were kept in a place called the "sacrarium" or "pastophorium" away from the central body of the church or were suspended by fine chains from the middle of the canopy (hence called a "ciborium" or bread store) above the altar of the church. Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s 29-metre-high Baroque baldacchino over the main altar in today’s Saint Peter’s Basilica is at present the best-known such structure. Later, simpler vessels replaced to some extent the dove and the tower.

text: By the thirteenth century, the Eucharist was most often kept in a highly embellished cabinet inserted into the wall to the right or left of the altar. The Altar lamp indicated the Presence of Christ. This was a means of following the decree of the 1215 Fourth Lateran Council requiring that the reserved sacrament be kept in a locked receptacle.

text: In the late fourteenth century, special stone constructions for the Eucharistic bread began to be built, especially in northern Europe. In German and Netherlandish churches of the period, such structures can still be seen: tall towers, known in German as Sakramentshäuser, in Dutch as sacramentstorens, usually placed to the north of the altar and often reaching almost to the ceiling. They were in use until the mid-nineteenth century. As the presence of the sanctuary lamp in the adjacent picture shows, some have been returned to their traditional use.

text: German examples are found in the church of St Lawrence in Nuremberg (18.70 metres), the minster of Salem (16 metres), Saints Peter and Paul city church in Weil der Stadt (over 11 metres), the church of Our Lady in Lübeck (9.5 metres), and St Mary's Cathedral in Fürstenwalde upon Spree. Belgian churches with such sacrament towers include St Catherine's in Zuurbemde, St Martin's in Kortrijk, St Peter's and St James's in Leuven, St James's in Bruges and St Leonard's in Zoutleeuw.

text: In the early sixteenth century, Bishop Matteo Giberti ordered that, in his diocese of Verona, in Italy, the container case for the consecrated bread should be placed on an altar. The custom spread through northern Italy. Saint Charles Borromeo, who became Archbishop of Milan, Italy in 1560, had the Sacrament moved from the sacristy to an altar (not the main altar) of his cathedral. The edition of the Roman Missal revised and promulgated by Pope Pius V in 1570 (see Tridentine Mass) still did not envisage placing the tabernacle on an altar: it laid down instead that the altar card containing some of the principal prayers of the Mass should rest against a cross placed midway on the altar (Rubricae generales Missalis, XX - De Praeparatione Altaris, et Ornamentorum eius). However, in 1614 Pope Paul V imposed on the churches of his diocese of Rome the rule of putting the tabernacle on some altar. Reaction to Protestantism's denial of the reality and permanence of the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist then led to the spread of the placing of the tabernacle even on the high altar, so as to make it more evidently visible. Whether on the main altar of the church or in a special chapel, the tabernacle became more and more large and ornate, to the extent of dominating the altar.

text: Present norms[edit]

text: Catholic Church[edit]

text: The Catholic Church holds the doctrine of transubstantiation, i.e. that Christ is "truly present, Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity," though under the appearance of bread or wine. This presence perdures after the consecration, so that even after Mass is concluded, the Eucharistic elements are still Christ's Body and Blood. A tabernacle serves as a secure place in which to store the Blessed Sacrament for carrying to the sick who cannot participate in Mass, or as a focus for the prayers of those who visit the church.

text: The renewal of the Roman-rite liturgy following the Second Vatican Council (see Mass of Paul VI) was to highlight the primacy of the Eucharistic celebration itself, more than just a means for providing the permanent Eucharistic presence. The altar, it was decided, should be "truly the centre to which the attention of the whole congregation of the faithful naturally turns".[1] Before Vatican II, Mass was often celebrated directly in front of the tabernacle. Today, most often, the altar for the celebration of Mass stands on its own, and the tabernacle is given its own, usually smaller, altar or it stands nearby on a pedestal or in its own separate chapel. This allows the faithful to focus on the celebration of the Eucharistic action during Mass, but preserves a dignity of place and fosters prayer and meditation outside of Mass by giving the tabernacle its own space.

text: The same Instruction lays down that:

text: Tabernacles have generally been made of metal (such as bronze or brass), or sometimes of heavy wood. They are traditionally lined in white cloth (often silk), and are always securely lockable and generally permanently affixed or bolted to their support. Some Tabernacles are veiled when the Eucharist is present in them. These veils are often of cloth and design similar to the priest's vestments (that is, to create a harmony of design), and are either white (the color of the Eucharist), gold (which may be substituted for white), or of violet, green or red depending on the liturgical color of the day or season.

text: Eastern Orthodox Church[edit]

text: Reserved sacrament[edit]

text: In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Holy Mysteries (reserved sacrament) are kept in a tabernacle (Greek: αρτοφοριον/artophorion) or ark (Slavonic: ковчег/kovchég) on the altar at all times. The tabernacle is normally wrought of gold, silver, or wood and elaborately decorated. It is often shaped like a miniature church building, and usually has a cross on the top of it. It may be opened using small doors, or a drawer that pulls out. Some churches keep the tabernacle under a glass dome to protect it (and the Holy Mysteries) from dust and changes in humidity.

text: The Orthodox do not have a concept of Eucharistic adoration as a devotion separated from the reception of Holy Communion. But the Holy Mysteries are treated with utmost respect, as they believe in the Real presence of the Body and Blood of Christ. The clergy must be vested whenever they handle the Holy Mysteries. During the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts (wherein Communion is received from the reserved Sacrament), when the consecrated Holy Mysteries are brought out during the Great Entrance, everyone makes a full prostration—even the chanters stop singing and prostrate themselves while the entrance is made in silence.

text: When Orthodox Christians receive Holy Communion, they always receive in both species: the Body and the Blood of Christ. This includes Communion taken to the sick. Therefore, both are reserved in the tabernacle. Every year on Holy Thursday, the reserved Mysteries are renewed. The priest will cut an extra Lamb (host) for that liturgy and after the consecration, just before the clergy receive communion, the priest will take the extra Lamb and carefully pour a little of the Blood of Christ over it. This Lamb will then be cut into very small portions, allowed to dry thoroughly, and be placed in the tabernacle. The deacon (or priest, if there is no deacon) will consume whatever remains of the previous year's reserved sacrament when he performs the ablutions.

text: Typically, a sanctuary lamp is kept burning in the Holy Place (sanctuary) when the Mysteries are reserved. This may be a separate lamp hanging from the ceiling, or it may be the top lamp of the seven-branch candlestick which sits either on top of the Holy Table or behind it.

text: Communion for the Sick[edit]

text: A small receptacle called a pyx is used for taking communion to the sick. While designs may differ, this often consists of a metal case with a chain attached so it can be hung around the neck. Inside the case are several compartments. One compartment contains a small box with a tightly-fitting lid into which some of the reserved Holy Mysteries will be placed. There is also a place for a very small chalice, just enough to hold a small amount of wine and a particle of the reserved Mysteries. There will be a small bottle to hold ordinary wine (not consecrated) which is used to soften the particle before it is consumed, a small pair of tweezers with which the priest removes a particle of the Mysteries from the box to place it in the chalice without touching it, and finally a small communion spoon with which to administer Holy Communion. This sick call kit is normally kept on the Holy Table, or sometimes on the Table of Oblation.

text: Rather than using a kit like the one described above, a priest may use a small chalice with a tight-fitting lid. He pours a little wine into the chalice, places a particle of the reserved Mysteries in the wine, and attaches the lid. He will take the chalice and a communion spoon to administer Holy Communion to the sick.

text: Presanctified gifts[edit]

text: A smaller tabernacle, sometimes referred to as a pyx, is used during Great Lent. This tends to be a rectangular, gold-plated box, often with a cross on top, with a hinged lid. On Sundays during Great Lent, the priest will consecrate extra Lambs (in the same manner as on Holy Thursday), for use during the Presanctified Liturgy. These Lambs will be kept in the pyx on the Holy Table, or sometimes on the Prothesis (Table of Oblation).

text: Anglican and Episcopalian Churches[edit]

text: Many Anglican parishes use tabernacles, either fixed on the altar, placed behind or above it, or off to one side. As in Catholic churches, the presence of the reserved sacrament is indicated by a "presence lamp" – an oil or wax-based flame in a clear glass vessel placed close to the tabernacle. Normally, only ciboria and Blessed Sacrament are placed in the tabernacle, although it is not uncommon for the wine or consecrated oils to be placed there as well. When the tabernacle is vacant, it is common practice to leave it open so that the faithful will not inadvertently perform an act of devotion (such as bowing or genuflecting). Tabernacles are customarily lined with, if not constructed from, cedar wood, whose aromatic qualities discourage insect life.

text: E. J. Bicknell in A Theological Introduction to the Thirty-Nine Articles writes that "According to the first Prayer-Book of Edward VI the sick might be communicated with the reserved sacrament on the same day as a celebration in church."[3] Article XXVIII — Of the Lord's Supper in Anglicanism's 39 Articles and Article XVIII — Of the Lord's Supper in Methodism's Articles of Religion state that "The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was not by Christ's ordinance reserved, carried about, lifted up, or worshiped."[4] The Rev. Jonathan A. Mitchican, founder of The Conciliar Anglican writes that this Article "does not explicitly ban these practices but does add a note of caution about them by pointing to the fact that none of them are biblical."[5] As such, the reserved sacrament was used by Anglican priests who held these views to administer communion to persons unable to attend church through illness. However, in 1885 the upper house of Convocation ruled against this practice, declaring "the practice of reservation is contrary to the wise and carefully revised Order of the Church of England".[6]

text: Among those Anglicans who identify as "Anglo-Catholics," the Protestant Reformation is often considered one episode in church history which no longer defines their faith as Anglicans. After the Oxford Movement, reservation became commonplace in large parts of the Anglican Communion, and some parishes also perform services of solemn benediction and/or other forms of Eucharistic adoration.

text: The Anglo-Catholic manual of rites and ceremonies Ritual Notes described tablernacles as generally made of wood (they could however be of gold, silver or even iron; if of iron this should be enclosed in gilt-wood, wrought metal or carved stone). If the material be metal there should be an inner lining of poplar or cedar wood and in any case a lining also of white silk or cloth of gold or silver. The tabernacle should be securely fixed to the altar or gradine, but away from the wall so that the conopaeum (a veil used to cover it when it contains the blessed sacrament) can completely surround it. The veil may be white or varying in liturgical colour. There may be a second tabernacle but not more in the same church but if so only one should be used at any time. A lamp should remain lit nearby when the tabernacle is in use.[7]