document_title: Suits (season 2)

question_text: when does mike tell rachel he never went to harvard

text: Suits (season 2)

text: Overview[edit]

text: The series revolves around corporate lawyer Harvey Specter and his associate attorney Mike Ross who, between the two of them, have only one law degree.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Regular cast[edit]

text:
Gabriel Macht as Harvey Specter
Patrick J. Adams as Mike Ross
Rick Hoffman as Louis Litt
Meghan Markle as Rachel Zane
Sarah Rafferty as Donna Paulsen
Gina Torres as Jessica Pearson

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Abigail Spencer as Dana Scott
David Costabile as Daniel Hardman
Eric Close as Travis Tanner

text: Guest cast[edit]

text: Rebecca Schull as Edith Ross

text: Six actors received star billing in the show's first season. Each character works at the fictional Pearson Hardman law firm in Manhattan. Gabriel Macht plays corporate lawyer Harvey Specter, who is promoted to senior partner and is forced to hire an associate attorney. Patrick J. Adams plays college dropout Mike Ross, who wins the associate position with his eidetic memory and genuine desire to be a good lawyer. Rick Hoffman plays Louis Litt, Harvey's jealous rival and the direct supervisor of the firm's first-year associates. Meghan Markle plays Rachel Zane, a paralegal who aspires to be an attorney but her test anxiety prevents her from attending Harvard Law School. Sarah Rafferty plays Donna Paulsen, Harvey's long-time legal secretary, confidant, and the only one at the firm who knows Mike never attended law school. Gina Torres plays Jessica Pearson, the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

13
1
"She Knows"
Michael Smith
Aaron Korsh
June 14, 2012 (2012-06-14)
3.47[2]

Mike is trusted to close a major lawsuit. Harvey must decide whether or not to keep Mike on staff after Jessica reveals that she knows Mike's secret. Meanwhile, the firm's co-founder Daniel Hardman (David Costabile) returns after a five-year absence, a self-professed "changed man" following the death of his wife.

14
2
"The Choice"
Kevin Bray
Jon Cowan
June 21, 2012 (2012-06-21)
3.80[3]

Mike confronts Rachel about the cell phone message she left him, while Jessica approaches Harvey looking for support regarding Daniel Hardman's impending return. Harvey goes to a junior partner, Paul Porter (Michael Cristofer), to provide assistance in a bankruptcy case with the hope of winning over Porter's department to Jessica's side. Harvey ultimately goes against Porter's and Jessica's instructions, angering both, in order to win the case his own way. Meanwhile, Louis is "seduced" by gifts and promises from Hardman.

15
3
"Meet the New Boss"
Michael Smith
Erica Lipez
June 28, 2012 (2012-06-28)
3.88[4]

Harvey and Daniel start a feud, carrying out different plans of attack while representing a hospital against nurse union head Nell (Margo Martindale), and Mike is caught in the middle of it. When Jessica informs Louis that a trade publication has listed Pearson Hardman next-to-last in a survey about associates' quality of life, he is assigned a consultant from Harvard Law named Sheila (Rachael Harris), who appears to be Louis' female equivalent. Meanwhile, Donna takes Rachel to a bar and convinces her to complete an online dating profile to move on from Mike. But when Mike helps Rachel with her bio, it sends her back to him and convinces her that Mike has a secret he's not sharing. Rachel is seen taking the LSATs. Harvey tells Mike the story behind Hardman's past.

16
4
"Discovery"
Kevin Bray
Daniel Arkin
July 12, 2012 (2012-07-12)
3.70[5]

Travis Tanner is back in town, and has his sights set firmly on Harvey. His accusations that Pearson Hardman withheld evidence in a case where they represented Coastal Motors motivate Jessica and Harvey to be less than transparent with Hardman. Donna is shocked to discover that she actually received and signed for the damning document. Meanwhile, Louis and Mike find common ground in a case where they defend a bottled water giant, but Louis’ paranoia might derail a budding friendship and his own standing at the firm.

17
5
"Break Point"
Christopher Misiano
Ethan Drogin
July 19, 2012 (2012-07-19)
3.72[6]

Harvey feels undermined when Jessica makes him second chair to Allison Holt (Diane Neal) on a lawsuit that could make or break the firm — and his back-seat driving might have far-reaching consequences. Mike represents a tennis prodigy (Julian Alcaraz) who wants to be emancipated from his coach-father (Conrad Dunn), who opposes the 16-year-old turning pro. Donna deals with the fallout from the Coastal Motors case and is fired when she panics and destroys the document.

18
6
"All In"
John Scott
Karla Nappi
July 26, 2012 (2012-07-26)
3.89[8]

While in Atlantic City, Harvey and Mike decide to pursue the case of a man who gambled away his company, due to Harvey's history with the client, Keith Hoyt (Peter Outerbridge). Meanwhile, Louis and Rachel work together to protect an admired institution, and Jessica struggles as she tries to defend the firm. Scott Grimes appears as an entrepreneur who enjoys high-stakes gambling,[7] and Matthew Glave as an attorney.[7]

19
7
"Sucker Punch"
Adam Davidson
Genevieve Sparling
August 2, 2012 (2012-08-02)
3.41[9]

The pending lawsuit against the firm sees Harvey turn to Zoe Lawford (Jacinda Barrett), an old colleague with whom he has a past, for assistance in proving Pearson Hardman’s case. Zoe has the team prepare a mock trial as a warm-up for the real thing, and Louis is asked to take the role of Travis Tanner. Harvey asks Donna to testify that she destroyed the Coastal Motors memo, but she has retained a lawyer of her own and plans to plead the Fifth.

20
8
"Rewind"
Félix Alcalá
Rick Muirragui
August 9, 2012 (2012-08-09)
3.42[10]

Harvey and Mike look back five years into their pasts to see how it affects them today. The episode reveals Harvey's rise from senior associate to junior partner very shortly after his father's death, Mike's initial motivation for getting into the illegal LSAT-proxy business, details surrounding Hardman's original dismissal from the firm, and a person of interest surrounding that dismissal who can help Jessica battle Hardman for managing control in the present day.

21
9
"Asterisk"
Jennifer Getzinger
Justin Peacock
August 16, 2012 (2012-08-16)
4.00[11]

When Louis is promoted to senior partner and has the deciding vote in the firm's future, Harvey must convince him to support Jessica. After Louis discovers that Hardman intended to make him the fall guy for his embezzlement schemes five years ago, Hardman admits his indiscretion, then tries to convince Louis that he is "not that person" anymore. Meanwhile, Harvey defends a brash sportscaster (Jeff B. Davis) who accuses a star baseball player of using performance-enhancing drugs, with no apparent evidence to back up his claims. Donna returns to the firm. Rachel learns that she did well on the LSAT. Mike uses his end-of-year bonus to buy an apartment for his grandmother in Manhattan. While waiting at the apartment for his grandmother so he can surprise her, Rachel arrives and informs Mike that his grandmother died.

22
10
"High Noon"
Kevin Bray
Erica Lipez
August 23, 2012 (2012-08-23)
4.48[12]

Hardman wins the partners' vote, including the vote from Louis, and replaces Jessica as managing partner. He and Louis begin making Harvey and Mike's work lives miserable. Harvey smokes marijuana with Mike, and when Louis observes Harvey high, he has Hardman order him to take a drug test. Harvey refuses and a partners meeting is held to determine if he will be fired. At that meeting, Harvey and Mike reveal evidence (not all valid) of Hardman's past treachery, including his setting up Donna, Harvey and ultimately Jessica for the fall in the Coastal Motors case, and it is Hardman who is fired. Mike meets his childhood friend Tess (Elisabeth Hower) at his grandmother's funeral, where Tess and Rachel support him in making a speech. Mike wants to act on the mutual attraction with Rachel, but she asks him to wait. Rachel changes her mind and goes to Mike's apartment, only to discover him in bed with Tess.

23
11
"Blind-Sided"
David Platt
Ethan Drogin
January 17, 2013 (2013-01-17)
3.57[13]

Mike is still having sex and getting high with Tess, even after the interruption from Rachel. Mike is assigned the case of a young man named Liam (Reiley McClendon) who was involved in a hit and run while driving home from a party. The memory of his own parents being killed by a drunk driver compromises Mike's ability to act in the best interest of his client. Harvey wants to celebrate Hardman's dismissal with Zoe Lawford, but finds out that Zoe's brother has just dropped off his daughter, Olivia, on short notice. Meanwhile, Louis meets with Sheila (Rachael Harris), who already knows that he made senior partner and appears to be turned on by that fact. Louis asks for Sheila's help in landing a top-notch new associate from Harvard named Maria (Aarti Mann), but it's all for naught when Jessica makes up a "hiring freeze". Louis thinks it's a punishment, but Jessica does it to prevent him from hiring someone who could inadvertently reveal Mike's Harvard secret.

24
12
"Blood in the Water"
Roger Kumble
Genevieve Sparling
January 24, 2013 (2013-01-24)
3.75[15]

Harvey is suspicious when a client, Trent Devon (Jon Foster), suddenly decides to not let his company go public, while also expressing reservations about retaining Pearson Hardman. Allison Holt, who is working for the rival firm Bratton-Gould, makes a professional attack on Pearson Hardman, and begins to lure away the firm's best associates. Louis has to face Harvey's wrath for his previous actions when he voted for Hardman. Louis takes his frustrations out on Harold, and when the firm loses a client on a case assigned to Harold, Louis fires him in front of everyone. Louis considers leaving Pearson Hardman altogether, and meets with Allison.[14]

25
13
"Zane vs. Zane"
Nicole Kassell
Rick Muirragui
January 31, 2013 (2013-01-31)
3.36[16]

A settlement that Harvey negotiated is in jeopardy of falling apart, as high-profile lawyer Robert Zane (Wendell Pierce) steps in as opposing counsel and drastically reduces the settlement offer. Robert Zane is Rachel's father, and Harvey attempts to gain leverage from Rachel and Robert's contentious relationship by adding Rachel to the case as a paralegal. Meanwhile, Louis engages in an escalating prank war with Katrina Bennett (Amanda Schull), Harvey's newly hired senior associate.

26
14
"He's Back"
Kevin Bray
Daniel Arkin
February 7, 2013 (2013-02-07)
3.07[17]

Daniel Hardman returns, bringing a sexual harassment lawsuit against Pearson Hardman on behalf of a former employee. Harvey and Jessica are tactically limited because of a non-disclosure agreement that Jessica signed when Hardman left. Mike attempts to convince the former employee to settle so that the firm can focus on the Folsom Foods litigation.

27
15
"Normandy"
Terry McDonough
Jon Cowan
February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14)
2.90[18]

Battling too many cases on depleted resources, Pearson Hardman takes an "all in" approach on one location, while mulling over a deal to merge with a British firm that employs one of Harvey's old flames, Dana "Scottie" Scott (Abigail Spencer). Mike develops a less than desirable working relationship with Katrina. Meanwhile, Rachel finds out she was not accepted at Harvard.

28
16
"War"
John Scott
Aaron Korsh
February 21, 2013 (2013-02-21)
3.20[19]

A British firm headed by Edward Darby (Conleth Hill) decides to sneak in with a tempting offer for Jessica's firm, clashing with Harvey's plans for the future and Jessica's own vision, and leaving them both to make up their minds on what direction to take with their careers. Louis meets his match in the form of Darby's quartermaster, Nigel (Adam Godley), as the two try to find a way to keep both their jobs viable in the new combined firm. Harvey makes a wager with Edward, which would stop the merger should Harvey win, on a case that is later handed over to Mike. However, Jessica threatens Mike with exposing his secret if he wins the case. Mike loses the case and faces Harvey's wrath for his disloyalty. Mike finally tells Rachel that he never went to Harvard Law, then ends up having sex with her.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date
Time slot (EST)
Viewers
(in millions)
Rating
(Adults 18–49)
18-49 Rank
on Cable
Note

1
"She Knows"
June 14, 2012 (2012-06-14)
Thursdays
9:00 p.m.
3.47
1.1
#4
[2]

2
"The Choice"
June 21, 2012 (2012-06-21)
3.80
1.2
#2
[3]

3
"Meet the New Boss"
June 28, 2012 (2012-06-28)
3.88
1.3
#5
[4]

4
"Discovery"
July 12, 2012 (2012-07-12)
3.70
1.2
#5
[5]

5
"Break Point"
July 19, 2012 (2012-07-19)
3.72
1.2
#5
[6]

6
"All In"
July 26, 2012 (2012-07-26)
3.89
1.3
#3
[8]

7
"Sucker Punch"
August 2, 2012 (2012-08-02)
3.41
1.2
#2
[9]

8
"Rewind"
August 9, 2012 (2012-08-09)
3.42
1.1
#5
[10]

9
"Asterisk"
August 16, 2012 (2012-08-16)
4.00
1.4
#1
[11]

10
"High Noon"
August 23, 2012 (2012-08-23)
4.49
1.9
#1
[12]

11
"Blind-Sided"
January 17, 2013 (2013-01-17)
3.57
1.2
#6
[13]

12
"Blood in the Water"
January 24, 2013 (2013-01-24)
3.75
1.1
#7
[15]

13
"Zane vs. Zane"
January 31, 2013 (2013-01-31)
3.36
1.0
#8
[16]

14
"He's Back"
February 7, 2013 (2013-02-07)
3.07
1.0
#11
[17]

15
"Normandy"
February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14)
2.90
1.0
#9
[18]

16
"War"
February 21, 2013 (2013-02-21)
3.10
1.0
#7
[19]


document_title: Victoria Hall, Stoke-on-Trent

question_text: where is the victoria hall stoke on trent

root

text: Victoria Hall, Stoke-on-Trent

text: For other theatres with a similar name, see Victoria Theatre (disambiguation)

tag: p

text:
Victoria Hall

The original redbrick and terracotta (left) against the 1999 extension (right)

Address
Bagnall Street
Stoke-on-Trent
England

Coordinates
53°01′23″N 2°10′31″W / 53.0231°N 2.1752°W / 53.0231; -2.1752Coordinates: 53°01′23″N 2°10′31″W / 53.0231°N 2.1752°W / 53.0231; -2.1752

Owner
Ambassador Theatre Group

Capacity
1467[1]

Opened
1888

Years active
1888-present

tag: table

text: Victoria Hall is a concert hall located in Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, England. Constructed in 1888 to commemorate Queen Victoria's Jubilee, it is one of several theatres in the city centre and one of two owned by the Ambassador Theatre Group.

text: History[edit]

text: Victoria Hall was constructed as an annex to Hanley Town Hall in 1888, as part of the city's celebrations for Queen Victoria's Golden Jubille.[2] Originally the building had a capacity of 2800 people, but this has since been reduced considerably to 1467 as seating replaced wooden forms and benches.[1][2] The original building was made of red brick and terracotta, and designed by local borough surveyor Joseph Lobley.[3]

text: As an adjunct to the town hall, the building originally had minimal front-of-house facilities. To remedy this, an extension was constructed in 1999 as part of the development of the Cultural Quarter, providing a new entrance space with information desk and a café. This extension also houses administration for the Ambassador Theatre Group, who operate the venue and the nearby Regent Theatre, Stoke-on-Trent. Until 2011, the local Tourist Information Centre was housed here also.


document_title: A Quiet Place (film)

question_text: what was the budget of a quiet place

question_tokens: what was the budget of a quiet place

text: A Quiet Place (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Over three months in 2020, most of Earth's human population has been wiped out by sightless creatures with hypersensitive hearing and a seemingly impenetrable armored shell that attack anything that makes noise. The Abbott family — husband Lee, wife Evelyn, congenitally deaf daughter Regan, and sons Marcus and Beau — silently scavenge for supplies in a deserted town. Though skilled in American Sign Language, the family must nonetheless be vigilant lest they make accidental noise. Four-year-old Beau is drawn to a battery-operated space shuttle toy, but his father takes it away. Regan returns the toy to Beau, who unbeknownst to her has also taken the batteries his father removed. Beau activates the shuttle when the family is walking home through the woods, near a bridge. Its noise makes him an instant target for a nearby creature, and he is swiftly killed.

text: A year later, Regan still struggles with guilt over her brother's death, Evelyn is in the final stages of pregnancy, and Lee is fruitlessly trying to make radio contact with the outside world. Lee attempts to upgrade Regan's cochlear implant to apparently restore her hearing, but the device fails. Later, Lee takes Marcus to a nearby river to teach him to fish while Regan visits Beau's grave. Lee explains to Marcus that they will always be safe from the creatures so long as louder sounds mask their audible movements. Alone at the house, Evelyn goes into labor. While making her way to their specially modified soundproof basement, she steps on a large nail. In pain, she accidentally drops a glass picture frame and alerts a nearby creature. Evelyn flips a switch that changes the exterior house lights to red as a danger signal to the others, and struggles to remain silent during her contractions.

text: Arriving at the farm and seeing the lights, Lee instructs Marcus to set off fireworks as a diversion. He finds Evelyn hiding in the bathroom with their newborn son. The baby starts crying, attracting a creature, and they narrowly avoid another attack on the way to the basement. Lee leaves to find the other children, after promising Evelyn he will protect them. Evelyn falls asleep but wakes to discover that the basement is flooded with water from a broken pipe and that a creature is stalking her.

text: Regan hurries back to the farm. She and Marcus take refuge atop a grain silo, lighting a fire to alert their father to their whereabouts. However, they run out of lighter fluid and the fire dies down, causing Lee to assume that they aren't there. A hatch door gives way and Marcus falls into the silo. He sinks into the corn and nearly suffocates, but Regan jumps in and saves him. They avoid further danger by clinging to the fallen silo door and survive a subsequent creature attack by hiding under it. Regan's repaired cochlear implant reacts to the proximity of the creature by emitting a piercingly-loud high-frequency sound that drives the creature away. The children escape from the silo and reunite with Lee.

text: The creature returns and Lee attacks it with a ranger's axe called a Pulaski, while Marcus and Regan hide in a pickup truck. Lee is wounded and Marcus shouts, attracting the creature to the truck. Lee uses sign language to tell Regan and Marcus that he loves them before sacrificing himself by yelling to draw the creature away from his children. Regan and Marcus roll the truck down a hill to escape and reunite with Evelyn and the baby at the farmhouse.

text: Regan, who was not allowed in the basement previously, sees her father's notes on the creatures and on his experimentation with several different implants. When the creature returns to invade the basement, Regan places the boosted implant on a nearby microphone, magnifying the feedback to ward off the creature. Painfully disoriented, the creature exposes the flesh beneath its armored head, and Evelyn shoots the creature in the head with a shotgun, killing it and destroying its head. The family views a CCTV monitor, showing two creatures attracted by the noise of the shotgun blast approaching the house. With their newly acquired knowledge of the creatures' weakness, the members of the family arm themselves and prepare to fight back.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Emily Blunt as Evelyn Abbott, wife of Lee, and the mother to their three children, Regan, Marcus, and Beau. She is a doctor and is pregnant with their fourth child at the start of the film. Krasinski describes her character as wanting to ensure that their children "be fully-formed, fully-thinking people."[6]
John Krasinski, as Lee Abbott, an engineer, husband of Evelyn, and the father of Regan, Marcus, and Beau. Krasinski described his character as a survivalist who focuses on getting his family through each day.[6]
Millicent Simmonds as Regan Abbott, Lee and Evelyn's deaf daughter, and Marcus and Beau's sister. Krasinski said he sought a deaf actress, "... for many reasons, I didn't want a non-deaf actress pretending to be deaf. Most importantly though, because a deaf actress would help my knowledge and my understanding of the situations tenfold. I wanted someone who lives it and who could teach me about it on set."[6]
Noah Jupe as Marcus Abbott, the oldest son of Lee and Evelyn, and Regan and Beau’s brother. Krasinski noticed Jupe in the 2016 miniseries The Night Manager and later saw an early screening of the 2017 film Suburbicon to evaluate Jupe's performance.[6]
Cade Woodward as Beau Abbott, the younger son of Lee and Evelyn.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and writing[edit]

text: A Quiet Place is a production of Sunday Night and Platinum Dunes;[7] it was produced on a budget of $17 million.[8] Krasinski wrote the screenplay with story co-writers Scott Beck and Bryan Woods. Beck and Woods grew up together in the US state of Iowa, and had watched numerous silent films in college. By 2013, they began working on the story that would lead to the film. They used their experience growing up close to farmland as the basis, including a grain silo setting as a place considered dangerous in their upbringing. They initiated their approach with a 15-page proof of concept.[9] Initially, the writers had considered developing the film into a Cloverfield installment, but after pitching their ideas to the studio collectively, all of those involved decided to keep the film its own entity.[10]

text: In January 2016, Beck and Woods began writing A Quiet Place in earnest.[11] Krasinski read their spec script the following July.[12] The concept of parents protecting their children appealed to him, especially as his second child with actress Emily Blunt had just been born.[6] Blunt encouraged him to direct the film.[12] By March 2017, Paramount had bought Beck and Woods's spec script. The studio hired Krasinski to rewrite the script and direct the film, which was his third directorial credit and his first for a major studio.[13] Krasinski cited cinematic influences including Alien (1979), No Country for Old Men (2007), and In the Bedroom (2001) when writing a new draft.[14] Initially, Blunt didn’t want to be cast in the film but after reading it on the plane, she immediately told her husband “I need to do it,”.[12] He agreed, and they were both cast in the starring roles of the film.[13]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production took place from May to November 2017 in Dutchess and Ulster counties in upstate New York. Filmmakers spent their budget locally, including a purchase of 20 tons of corn, which they hired local farmers to grow. Some filming took place on a soundstage in the town of Pawling in Dutchess County, as well as on-location in the county's city of Beacon.[15] Filming also took place on the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail in New Paltz of Ulster County, using the Springtown Truss Bridge.[16] Outside Dutchess and Ulster counties, filming took place on Main Street in Little Falls in Herkimer County, New York.[17]

text: Sound and music[edit]

text: During filming, the crew avoided making noise so diegetic synchronized sounds (e.g., the sound of rolling dice on a game board) could be recorded; the sounds were amplified in post-production. A traditional musical score was also added, which Krasinski justified in wanting audiences to remain familiar with watching a mainstream film, and not feel like part of a "silence experiment."[18]

text: Supervising sound editors Erik Aadahl and Ethan Van der Ryn worked on A Quiet Place. For scenes from the perspective of the deaf daughter, sound was removed to put greater focus on the visual. They also advised on organizing shots to reflect the creatures' perspective, like showing them notice a sound, then showing what was causing the sound. Composer Marco Beltrami provided the sound editors music to work with in a way that would not interfere with the sound design throughout the film.[19]

text: In the film, creatures are blind and communicate through clicking sounds. Aadahl and Van der Ryn said they were inspired by animal echolocation, such as that employed by bats. The sound of feedback, normally avoided by sound editors, was woven into the story at a loudness level that would not bother audiences too much.[20]

text: Use of sign language[edit]

text: Since the characters communicate in American Sign Language to avoid making sound, filmmakers hired deaf mentor Douglas Ridloff to teach ASL to the actors and to be available to make corrections. The filmmakers also hired an ASL interpreter for deaf actress Simmonds, so that spoken and signed language could be interpreted back and forth on set.[21] Simmonds, who grew up with ASL, helped teach her fellow actors to sign.[22] She said of the need to practice ASL, "In the movie, we've been signing together for years and years. So it should look fluent."[23] She observed that the way the others used their sign language reflected their characters' motivations; the father had short and brief signs that showed his survival mentality, while the mother had more expressive signs as part of her wanting her children to experience more than survival.[24] Krasinski said Simmonds's character was "a little bit of the warrior princess, the black sheep in the family," and that she used "signing that's very defiant, it's very teenage defiant."[25]

text: Simmonds said that for a scene in which her character fights with her father in sign language, she suggested for the daughter to rebel rather than cower as in the script. She also said that at the end of the film, the script originally had the father sign to his daughter "I love you," but she suggested for him to follow with "I've always loved you" to make up for their arguing earlier in the film.[26]

text: The producers Andrew Form and Bradley Fuller said they initially planned not to provide on-screen subtitles for sign-language dialogue with "context clues," but realized that for the scene in which the deaf daughter and her hearing father argue about the modified hearing aid, subtitles were necessary. The producers subsequently added subtitles for all sign-language dialogue in the film. Producer Brad Fuller said, "And I think once you put one subtitle in, you subtitle the whole movie. You don't take liberties like, 'Oh they probably know what I love you is, but we don't subtitle it.' It's just gonna live everywhere and that's the world we live by."[27]

text: Creature design[edit]

text: Production designer Jeffrey Beecroft headed the creature design, and special effects supervisor Scott Farrar created the creatures. The director wanted the creatures to look like they had evolved to no longer need eyes, and to be "somewhat humanoid" in nature. Farrar said the initial creature design showed them with rhinoceros-like horns out of their faces, later redesigned. Vanity Fair reported, "The team immediately set about pulling references; prehistoric fish, black snakes, and bats, particularly their movement patterns. Inspiration was also drawn from bog people: cadavers that have been mummified in peat, turning the skin black and giving it a sagging, leathery look."[28]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Paramount Pictures released the first trailer for A Quiet Place in November 2017.[29] It aired a 30-second commercial for the film during the US football playoff Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018.[30] Of the seven trailers that aired during the playoff, A Quiet Place and Red Sparrow were shown during the pregame and had the lowest views and social conversations. A Quiet Place had 149,000 views on YouTube, 275,000 videos on Facebook, and 2,900 social conversations.[31][32] On February 12, 2018, Krasinski appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show to present the full trailer for A Quiet Place.[33]

text: Release[edit]

text: A Quiet Place premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival as the opening-night film on March 9, 2018.[34] It was selected from 2,458 submissions,[35] and earned "raves" from critics, according to IndieWire.[36] Following its premiere, the film experienced social media growth to under 52 million views across multiple platforms, outpacing Get Out (2017), which had 46.9 million views.[8]

text: Box office forecast[edit]

text: The Tracking Board reported on March 14, "The stellar reviews out of SXSW, coupled with the fact that there isn't anything like it in the marketplace, should help it stand out among its bigger-budget competition."[37] Deadline Hollywood said on March 15 that the film was projected to gross around $20 million in its opening weekend.[8] Variety reported on March 27 that the film "is tracking to open between" $16 million and $30 million,[38] which reached a basement of low-$20 million by the week of its release.[39]

text: BoxOffice initially estimated on February 9, 2018 that A Quiet Place would gross $17 million in its opening weekend, and that it would gross a total of $60 million in the United States.[40] By March 30, it increased its estimate to an opening weekend gross of $27.5 million and a US total gross of $85 million.[41] The magazine said the film's trailer was well-received online and that it appeared frequently in previews for Star Wars: The Last Jedi. BoxOffice wrote, "The horror genre has also shown a knack for over-performing against expectations at the box office in recent years, setting this release up for potential success." It added that A Quiet Place would have to compete against another horror film, Truth or Dare, which would be released the following weekend.[40] The magazine's staff drew "very favorable" comparisons between A Quiet Place and the 2016 films 10 Cloverfield Lane and Don't Breathe.[42]

text: Theatrical run[edit]

text: A Quiet Place was first commercially released in theaters in the first week of April 2018 in multiple territories, including North America.[43] As of May 28, 2018[update], A Quiet Place has grossed $180.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $131.7 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $312.5 million.[3]

text: Paramount Pictures released the film in 3,508 theaters in the United States and Canada on April 6, 2018, alongside Blockers, Chappaquiddick, and The Miracle Season.[44] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 81% overall positive score and a 63% "definite recommend."[45] The film made $19 million on its first day (including $4.3 million from Thursday night previews at 2,750 theaters), increasing weekend projections to $47 million. Unlike most horror films, which are front-loaded on Friday and suffer drops the rest of the weekend, A Quiet Place made $19.1 million on Saturday. It went on to debut to $50.2 million, topping the box office and marking the biggest opening for a Paramount film since Star Trek Beyond in July 2016.[45] To that point, it was second biggest domestic debut of 2018, behind Black Panther.[46]

text: The film made $32.9 million in its second weekend, dropping 34% (better than the 50+% that horror films normally see) and finishing second at the box office, behind newcomer Rampage ($35.7 million).[47] The hold represented the second-best-ever second weekend for a scary movie behind It.[48] The film regained the top spot the following week, grossing $20.9 million (a 36% drop),[49] but dropped back down to second place the following weekend behind newcomer Avengers: Infinity War with $10.7 million.[50]

text: Through its first two weeks of international release, the film had made $51.7 million, with its top markets being the United Kingdom ($9.2 million), Mexico ($5.1 million), Australia ($4.6 million), Brazil ($3.9 million), Indonesia ($3.4 million) and Taiwan ($1.9 million). It also debuted to $2.2 million in Russia, the biggest-ever opening for a Paramount horror film in the country.[51] In its third weekend overseas, it dip only 37% for a $15 million from 57 markets.[52] In its fourth weekend in international markets, it grossed $6.6 million.[52] As of May 20, 2018, the film's largest markets were United Kingdom ($16.3 million), Australia ($9.3 million), Mexico ($7.5 million) and Brazil ($6.9 million).[53][54] The film was released in China on May 18 and made $17.7 million from 8,731 screens in its opening weekend.[55]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 95% based on 264 reviews, and an average rating of 8.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "A Quiet Place artfully plays on elemental fears with a ruthlessly intelligent creature feature that's as original as it is scary—and establishes director John Krasinski as a rising talent."[56] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 55 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[57]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "The question Krasinski tackles is what defines a family and what's needed to preserve it? 'Who are we,' asks Mom, 'if we can't protect our children?' The answers are worked out with satisfying complexity and genuine feeling, proving indeed that home is where family is. This new horror classic will fry your nerves to a frazzle."[58] The Hollywood Reporter's John DeFore described the film as "a terrifying thriller with a surprisingly warm heart" and said, "You might have to go back to Jeff Nichols' 2011 Take Shelter to find a film that has used the fantastic this well to convey the combination of fear and responsibility a good parent feels."[59]

text: Variety's Owen Gleiberman said, "A Quiet Place is a tautly original genre-bending exercise, technically sleek and accomplished, with some vivid, scary moments, though it's a little too in love with the stoned logic of its own premise."[7] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars and said, "My favorite moment, an encounter between Regan and one of the monsters in a cornfield, plays with sound and image and tension, creatively. Other bits are more shameless...I don’t know if I’d call A Quiet Place enjoyable; it’s more grueling than cathartic."[60]

text: Horror author Stephen King praised the film in a post on Twitter, "A QUIET PLACE is an extraordinary piece of work. Terrific acting, but the main thing is the SILENCE, and how it makes the camera's eye open wide in a way few movies manage."[61]

text: Nick Allen of RogerEbert.com called A Quiet Place "Krasinski's breakthrough as a triple-threat entertainer, but it's been a long time coming...By no accident, he's tackled the horror genre while relying on the unique strength that can be seen throughout his acting work, and one that has made him relatable as an everyman across TV and film—expressive silence."[62]

text: Commentary and themes[edit]

text: Speaking of the political and social commentary the film encouraged, Krasinski said, "The best compliment you can get on any movie is that it starts a conversation. The fact that people are leaving and talking about anything is really fun—but certainly about deep stuff like that, is awesome."[63] Krasinski, who did not grow up with horror films, said that prior films of the genre such as Don't Breathe (2016) and Get Out (2017) that had societal commentary were part of his research. In addition to considering his film a metaphor for parenthood, he compared the premise to US politics in 2018, "I think in our political situation, that's what's going on now: You can close your eyes and stick your head in the sand, or you can try to participate in whatever's going on." He cited Jaws (1975) as an influence, with how the protagonist police officer moved from New York to an island to avoid frightening situations, and was forced to encounter one in his new location with shark attacks.[64]

text: Matthew Monagle of Film School Rejects said A Quiet Place seemed to be "the early frontrunner for the sparsely intellectual horror movie of the year," like previous films The Babadook (2014) and The Witch (2015). Monagle said Krasinski, who had directed two previous films, was "making an unusual pivot into a genre typically reserved for newcomers," and considered it to be part of a movement toward horror films layered "in storytelling, [with] character beats not typically found in a horror movie."[65] Tatiana Tenreyro, writing for Bustle, said while A Quiet Place was not a silent film, "It is the first of its kind within the modern horror genre for how little spoken dialogue it actually has." She said the rare moments of spoken dialogue "give depth to this horror movie, showing how the narrative defies the genre’s traditional films even further."[66]

text: Bishop Robert Barron was surprised by strikingly religious themes in the film. He likened the family's primitive, agrarian life of silence to monasticism, and commends their self-giving love. Barron noted the pervasive pro-life themes, especially in the choices of the parents, as Mrs. Abbott risks everything to give birth to a child, and her husband lays down his own life so that the children can live: what Barron sees as the ultimate expression of parental love.[67] Sonny Bunch of the Washington Post also commented and expanded on a pro-life message.[68]

text: Krasinski, who had recently become a new father, said in a conference interview "I was already in a state of terror about whether or not I was a good enough father," and added that the meaning of parenthood had been elevated for him by imagining being a father in a nightmare world, struggling to simply keep his children alive.[69] Jonathan Hetterly, writing in Shrinktank, see the film's whole premise as a commentary on modern American paranoid parenting, saying that Krasinski "viewed the premise as a metaphor for a parent's worst fears."[70]

text: Krasinski himself has told CBS News “The scares were secondary to how powerful this could be as an allegory or metaphor for parenthood. For me, this is all about parenthood.”

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In April 2018, Paramount chairman and CEO Jim Gianopulos said a sequel to the film was "in the works".[71] Screenwriters Woods and Beck had previously stated that they already begun thinking of ideas and set pieces for a possible second film.[72]


document_title: MTV Roadies (season 15)

question_text: winner of mtv roadies rising the deadliest season ever

text: MTV Roadies (season 15)

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
MTV Roadies (season 15)

The Deadliest Season ever!

Country of origin
India

Release

Original network
MTV India

Original release
February 24, 2017 (2017-02-24)

text: MTV Roadies Rising is the sequentially fourteenth season but officially fifteen[1] season of Indian reality show MTV Roadies.The show is hosted by Gaelyn Mendonca. It started airing on MTV India from February 25, 2017. The audition episodes were aired from 25 February 2017.The audition was done by the four aspiring gang leaders - Rannvijay Singh, Karan Kundra, Neha Dhupia and Prince Narula and cricketer Harbhajan Singh is to play a crucial part.[2] Later Nikhil Chinapa replaced Karan Kundra as gang leader after the auditions. Journey started on April 8, 2017 and Roadies Battleground was on April 7, 2017

text: Contestants:

text: Gang Ranvijay:

text:
Shiv Thakre (Semi-Finalist)
Samar Sarkar (Eliminated 18th)
Samyuktha Hegde (Eliminated 16th)
Aggy Carvalho (Eliminated 11th; Sacrificed for Veerpal)
Veerpal Dhaliwal (Eliminated 5th ; Later replaced Aggy and came back ; Eliminated 13th)

text: Gang Neha:

text:
Shweta Mehta (Winner)[3]
Mandeep Singh (Eliminated 6th ; Later replaced Rakhi and came back ; Semi-Finalist)
Shane Luke (Eliminated 15th)
Rakhi Lochab (Eliminated 9th)
Gurpreet Kaur (Eliminated 1st)

text: Gang Nikhil:

text:
Priyank Sharma (Eliminated 17th ; Later came back based on ex-roadies votes ; Semi-Finalist)[4]
Khushnuma Pathan (Eliminated 14th)
Rahul Gautam (Eliminated 12th)
Chiranjeevi (Eliminated 7th)
Prabhjot Kaur (Eliminated 4th)

text: Gang Prince:

text:
Meenal Shah (Semi-Finalist)
Baseer Ali (Finalist)
Varun Verma (Eliminated 10th)
Jagriti Jha (Eliminated 8th)
Jibran Khan (Ousted)
Milan Verma (Eliminated 2nd)
Divya Oswal (Eliminated 3rd)

text: Sponsors[edit]

text: The title sponsor of MTV Roadies Rising is Renault and is powered by Vivo, Woodland Worldwide and Manforce. It is connected by Hike Messenger.93.5 Red FM Bajatey Raho! are Radio Partner.


document_title: Ossification center

question_text: the secondary ossification center in a long bone is located where

text: Ossification center

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Ossification center

X-ray of ossification centers in a child.

Details

Identifiers

Latin
centrum ossificationis

Dorlands
/Elsevier
12227335

TA
A02.0.00.043

FMA
75436

Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

text: The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed as an ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows.[1]

text: The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other.

text: A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance.

text: Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another.

text: Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolæ.

text: Types of ossification centers[edit]

text: There are two types of ossification centers – primary and secondary.

text: A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers.

text: A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared – most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in the epiphyses.


document_title: Raiders of the Lost Ark

question_text: when did raiders of the lost ark take place

text: Raiders of the Lost Ark

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1936, archaeologist Indiana Jones braves an ancient booby-trapped temple in Peru and retrieves a golden idol. He is confronted by rival archaeologist René Belloq and the indigenous Hovito people. Surrounded and outnumbered, Indy surrenders the idol to Belloq and escapes aboard a waiting floatplane.

text: Jones returns to his teaching position at a New England college, where he is interviewed by two Army Intelligence agents. They inform him that the Nazis are searching for his old mentor, Abner Ravenwood, under whom Jones studied at the University of Chicago. The Nazis know that Ravenwood is the leading expert on the ancient city of Tanis in Egypt, and that he possesses the headpiece of the Staff of Ra. Jones deduces that the Nazis are searching for the Ark of the Covenant – the Nazis believe that if they acquire the Ark, their armies will become invincible. The Staff of Ra is the key to finding the Well of Souls, a secret chamber in which the Ark is buried.

text: The agents authorize Jones to recover the Ark to prevent the Nazis from obtaining it. He travels to Nepal and discovers that Abner has died, and the headpiece is in the possession of Ravenwood's daughter Marion. Jones visits Marion at her tavern, where she reveals her bitter feelings toward him from a previous romantic affair. She physically rebuffs his offer to buy the headpiece, and Jones leaves. Shortly after, a group of thugs arrive with their Nazi commander, Arnold Toht. Toht threatens Marion to get the headpiece, but when Jones returns to the bar to fight the Nazis and save Marion, her bar is accidentally set on fire; during the fight, the headpiece ends up in the fire and Toht severely burns his hand trying to take the hot headpiece, and flees the tavern screaming. Indy and Marion escape with the headpiece, and Marion decides to accompany Indy in his search for the Ark so he can repay his debt to her.

text: The pair travels to Cairo, where they meet up with Indy's friend Sallah, a skilled excavator. Sallah informs them that Belloq and the Nazis are digging for the Well of Souls with a replica of the headpiece (created from the scar on Toht's hand). They quickly realize the Nazi headpiece is incomplete and that the Nazis are digging in the wrong place. The Nazis kidnap Marion and it appears to Jones that she is killed in an exploding truck. After a confrontation with Belloq in a local bar, Indy and Sallah infiltrate the Nazi dig site and use their staff to correctly locate the Ark. Indy discovers Marion is alive, bound and gagged in a tent, but does not release her for fear of alerting the Nazis. Indy, Sallah, and a small group of diggers unearth the Well of Souls and acquire the Ark. Belloq and Nazi officer Colonel Dietrich arrive, seize the Ark from Jones, throwing Marion into the Well of Souls with him before sealing it back up. Jones and Marion escape to a local airstrip, where Jones has a fistfight with a Nazi mechanic and destroys the flying wing that was to transport the Ark to Berlin. The panicked Nazis remove the Ark in a truck and set off for Cairo, but Jones catches them and retakes it. He makes arrangements to take the Ark to London aboard a tramp steamer.

text: The next day, a Nazi U-boat appears and intercepts the ship. Belloq and Dietrich seize the Ark and Marion but cannot locate Jones, who stows away aboard the U-boat and travels with them to an island in the Aegean Sea. Once there, Belloq plans to test the power of the Ark before presenting it to Hitler. Jones reveals himself and threatens to destroy the Ark with a panzerfaust, but Belloq calls his bluff and Jones surrenders rather than destroy such an important historical artifact. The Nazis take Indy and Marion to an area where the Ark will be opened and tie them to a post to observe. Belloq performs a ceremonial opening of the Ark, which appears to contain nothing but sand, all that remains of the Ten Commandments. Suddenly, angelic ghost-like beings emerge from the Ark. Indy cautions Marion to keep her eyes closed and not to observe what happens next. Belloq and the others look on in astonishment as the apparitions are suddenly revealed to be angels of death. A vortex of flame forms above the Ark and shoots bolts of fiery energy into the gathered Nazi soldiers, killing them all. As Belloq, Toht and Dietrich all scream in terror, the Ark turns its fury on them: Dietrich's head shrivels up, Toht's face is melted off his skull and Belloq's head explodes. Flames then engulf the remains of the doomed assembly, save for Indy and Marion, and the pillar of fire rises into the sky. The Ark's lid is blasted high into the air before dropping back down onto the Ark and sealing it. Jones and Marion find their ropes burned off and embrace.

text: In Washington, D.C., the Army Intelligence agents inform Jones and Marcus Brody that the Ark is someplace safe and will be studied by "top men". The Ark is shown being stored in a giant government warehouse among countless similar crates.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Harrison Ford stars as Indiana Jones, an archaeology professor who often embarks on perilous adventures to obtain rare artifacts. Jones claims that he has no belief in the supernatural, only to have his skepticism challenged when he discovers the Ark. Spielberg suggested casting Ford as Jones, but Lucas objected, stating that he did not want Ford to become his "Bobby De Niro" or "that guy I put in all my movies"—a reference to Martin Scorsese, who often worked with Robert De Niro.[7] Desiring a lesser known actor, Lucas persuaded Spielberg to help him search for a new talent. Among the actors who auditioned were Tim Matheson, Peter Coyote, John Shea, and Tom Selleck. Selleck was originally offered the role, but became unavailable for the part because of his commitment to the television series Magnum, P.I..[7][8][8] In June 1980, three weeks away from filming,[9] Spielberg persuaded Lucas to cast Ford after producers Frank Marshall and Kathleen Kennedy were impressed by his performance as Han Solo in The Empire Strikes Back.[10]
Paul Freeman as Dr. René Belloq, Jones' rival. Belloq is also an archaeologist after the Ark, but he is working for the Nazis. He intends to harness the Ark's power himself before Hitler can, but he is killed by the Ark's supernatural powers. Spielberg cast Freeman after seeing him in Death of a Princess.[11] Before Freeman got the part, actor Giancarlo Giannini was originally going to portray Belloq,[12] while singer Jacques Dutronc auditioned for the role, but they lost out to Freeman.
Karen Allen as Marion Ravenwood, a spirited, tough former lover of Indiana's. She is the daughter of Abner Ravenwood, Indiana Jones' mentor, and owns a bar in Nepal. Allen was cast after auditioning with Matheson and John Shea. Spielberg was interested in her, as he had seen her performance in National Lampoon's Animal House. Sean Young had previously auditioned for the part,[7] while Debra Winger turned it down.[13]
John Rhys-Davies as Sallah, "the best digger in Egypt" according to Indiana, who has been hired by the Nazis to help them excavate Tanis. He is an old friend of Indiana's, and agrees to help him obtain the Ark, though he fears disturbing it. Spielberg initially approached Danny DeVito to play Sallah, but he could not play the part due to scheduling conflicts. Spielberg cast Rhys-Davies after seeing his performance in Shōgun.[7]
Ronald Lacey as Major Arnold Toht, an interrogator for the Gestapo and Jones' nemesis, who tries to torture Marion Ravenwood for the headpiece of the Staff of Ra. He is killed by the Ark's supernatural powers. Lacey was cast as he reminded Spielberg of Peter Lorre.[7] Spielberg had originally offered the role to Roman Polanski, who was intrigued at the opportunity to work with Spielberg but decided to turn down the role because he wouldn't be able to make the trip to Tunisia.[14] Klaus Kinski was also offered the role, but he hated the script,[15] calling it "moronically shitty".[16] Michael Sheard, who ended portraying Captain Oskar Schomburg in the film, also auditioned for the role, but he lost out to Lacey.[17]
Denholm Elliott as Dr. Marcus Brody, a museum curator, who buys the artifacts Indiana obtains for display in his museum. The U.S. government agents approach him with regard to the Ark's recovery, and he sets up a meeting between them and Indiana Jones. Spielberg hired Elliott as he was a big fan of the actor, who had performed in some of his favorite British and American films.[7]
Wolf Kahler as Colonel Dietrich, a ruthless German officer leading the operation to secure the Ark. He is killed by the Ark's supernatural powers.
Alfred Molina, in his film debut, as Satipo, one of Jones' guides through the South American jungle. He betrays Jones and steals the golden idol, but is killed by traps before he can leave the temple.
George Harris as Simon Katanga, captain of the Bantu Wind.
Anthony Higgins as Major Gobler, Colonel Dietrich's right-hand-man.
Vic Tablian as Barranca and the Monkey Man.
Don Fellows as Colonel Musgrove, an Army Intelligence agent.
William Hootkins as Major Eaton, an Army Intelligence agent.

text: Producer Frank Marshall played a pilot in the airplane fight sequence. The stunt team was ill, so he took the role instead. The result was three days in a hot cockpit, which he joked was over "140 degrees".[7] Pat Roach plays the Nazi mechanic with whom Jones brawls in this sequence, as well as a massive sherpa who battles Jones in Marion's bar. He had the rare opportunity to be killed twice in one film.[18] Special-effects supervisor Dennis Muren made a cameo as a Nazi spy on the seaplane Jones takes from San Francisco to Manila.[19]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In 1973, George Lucas wrote The Adventures of Indiana Smith.[20] Like Star Wars, which he also wrote, it was an opportunity to create a modern version of the film serials of the 1930s and 1940s.[7] Lucas discussed the concept with Philip Kaufman, who worked with him for several weeks and came up with the Ark of the Covenant as the plot device.[21] Kaufman was told about the Ark by his dentist when he was a child.[22] The project stalled when Clint Eastwood hired Kaufman to direct The Outlaw Josey Wales.[21] Lucas shelved the idea, deciding to concentrate on his outer space adventure that would become Star Wars. In late May 1977, Lucas was in Hawaii, trying to escape the enormous success of Star Wars. Friend and colleague Steven Spielberg was also there, on vacation from work on Close Encounters of the Third Kind. While building a sand castle at the Mauna Kea Beach Hotel,[23] Spielberg expressed an interest in directing a James Bond film. Lucas convinced his friend Spielberg that he had conceived a character "better than James Bond" and explained the concept of Raiders of the Lost Ark. Spielberg loved it, calling it "a James Bond film without the hardware",[24] although he told Lucas that the surname 'Smith' was not right for the character. Lucas replied, "OK. What about 'Jones'?" Indiana was the name of Lucas' Alaskan Malamute, whose habit of riding in the passenger seat as Lucas drove was also the inspiration for Star Wars' Chewbacca.[7] Spielberg was at first reluctant to sign on, as Lucas had told him that he would want Spielberg for an entire trilogy, and Spielberg did not want to work on two more scripts. Lucas told him, however, that he already had the next two movies written, so Spielberg agreed. But when the time came for the first sequel, it was revealed that Lucas had nothing written for either sequel.[7]

text: The following year, Lucas focused on developing Raiders and the Star Wars sequel The Empire Strikes Back, during which Lawrence Kasdan and Frank Marshall joined the project as screenwriter and producer respectively. Between January 23 – 27, 1978, for nine hours a day, Lucas, Kasdan, and Spielberg discussed the story and visual ideas. Spielberg came up with Jones being chased by a boulder,[7] which was inspired by Carl Barks' Uncle Scrooge comic "The Seven Cities of Cibola". Lucas later acknowledged that the idea for the idol mechanism in the opening scene and deadly traps later in the film were inspired by several Uncle Scrooge comics.[25] Lucas came up with a submarine, a monkey giving the Hitler salute, and Marion punching Jones in Nepal.[24] Kasdan used a 100-page transcript of their conversations for his first script draft,[26] which he worked on for six months.[7] Ultimately, some of their ideas were too grand and had to be cut: a mine chase,[27] an escape in Shanghai using a rolling gong as a shield,[28] and a jump from an airplane in a raft, all of which made it into the prequel, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.[7]

text: Spielberg and Lucas disagreed on the character: although Spielberg saw him as a Bondian playboy, Lucas felt the character's academic and adventurer elements made him complex enough.[29] Spielberg had a darker vision of Jones, interpreting him as an alcoholic similar to Humphrey Bogart's character Fred C. Dobbs in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948). This characterization fell away during the later drafts, though elements survive in Jones's reaction when he believes Marion to be dead.[24] Costume designer Deborah Nadoolman credits Secret of the Incas (1954), starring Charlton Heston, as an influence on the development of the character, noting that the crew watched the film together several times. Nadoolman based the look of Ford's costume on that of Heston's, and observed that Indiana is a "kinder and gentler" Harry Steele.[30]

text: Initially, the film was rejected by every major studio in Hollywood, mostly due to the $20 million budget and the deal Lucas was offering.[31] Eventually Paramount agreed to finance the film, with Lucas negotiating a five-picture deal. By April 1980, Kasdan's fifth draft was produced, and production was getting ready to shoot at Elstree Studios, with Lucas trying to keep costs down.[10] With four illustrators, Raiders of the Lost Ark was Spielberg's most storyboarded film of his career to date, further helping the film economically. He and Lucas agreed on a tight schedule to keep costs down and to follow the "quick and dirty" feel of the old Saturday matinée serials. Special effects were done using puppets, miniature models, animation, and camera trickery.[7] "We didn't do 30 or 40 takes; usually only four. It was like silent film--shoot only what you need, no waste", Spielberg said. "Had I had more time and money, it would have turned out a pretentious movie."[32]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on June 23, 1980, at La Rochelle, France, with scenes involving the Nazi submarine,[10] which had been rented from the production of Das Boot. The U-boat pen was a real one from World War II.[7] The crew moved to Elstree Studios[10] for the Well of Souls scenes, the opening sequence temple interiors and Marion Ravenwood's bar.[33] The Well of Souls scene required 7,000 snakes. The only venomous snakes were the cobras, but one crew member was bitten on set by a python.[7] The bulk of the snakes' numbers were made up with giant but harmless legless lizards known as Scheltopusiks (Pseudopus apodus) which occur from the Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe to Central Asia. Growing to 1.3 m they are the largest legless lizards in the world and are often mistaken for snakes despite some very obvious differences such as the presence of eyelids and external ear openings, which are both absent from all snakes, and a notched rather than forked tongue. In the finished film, during the scene in which Indiana comes face-to-face with the cobra, a reflection in glass screen that protected Ford from the snake was seen,[7] an issue that was corrected in the 2003 digitally-enhanced re-release. Unlike Indiana, neither Ford nor Spielberg has a fear of snakes, but Spielberg said that seeing all the snakes on the set writhing around made him "want to puke".[7]

text: The opening scene in the Peruvian jungle was filmed on the island of Kauai, one of the islands of Hawaii, to where Spielberg would return for Jurassic Park. The "temple" location is on the Huleia River, on the Kipu Ranch, south from Kaumualii Highway on the east coast, just south of Lihue, the island's main town. Kipu is a working cattle ranch, not generally open to the public.[34] The Peruvian section (but actually filmed in Hawaii) featured live tarantulas of a Mexican species (Brachypelma) on Harrison Ford and Alfred Molina, and are harmless to humans, and in fact of a species which are commonly kept as exotic pets. A fiberglass boulder 22 feet (7 m) in diameter was made for the scene where Indiana escapes from the temple; Spielberg was so impressed by production designer Norman Reynolds' realization of his idea that he gave the boulder a more prominent role in the film and told Reynolds to let the boulder roll another 50 feet (15 m).[35]

text: The scenes set in Egypt were filmed in Tunisia, and the canyon where Indiana threatens to blow up the Ark was shot in Sidi Bouhlel, just outside Tozeur.[36] The canyon location had been used for the Tatooine scenes from 1977's Star Wars (many of the location crew members were the same for both films[7]) where R2-D2 was attacked by Jawas.[7] The Tanis scenes were filmed in nearby Sedala, a harsh place due to heat and disease. Several cast and crew members fell ill and Rhys-Davies defecated in his costume during one shot.[7] Spielberg averted disease by eating only canned foods from England, but did not like the area and quickly condensed the scheduled six-week shoot to four-and-a-half weeks. Much was improvised: the scene where Marion puts on her dress and attempts to leave Belloq's tent was improvised as was the entire plane fight. During that scene's shooting, a wheel went over Ford's knee and tore his left leg's cruciate ligament, but he refused local medical help and simply put ice on it.[7]

text: The fight scenes in the town were filmed in Kairouan, while Ford was suffering from dysentery. Stuntman Terry Richards had practiced for weeks with his sword to create the scripted fight scene, choreographing a fight between the swordsman and Jones' whip.[37] However, after filming the initial shots of the scene, after lunch due to Ford's dysentery, Ford and Spielberg agreed to cut the scene down to a gunshot, with Ford saying to Spielberg "Let's just shoot the sucker".[38] It was later voted in at No.5 on Playboy magazine's list of best all time scenes.[37][39] Most of the truck chase was shot by second unit director Michael D. Moore following Spielberg's storyboards, including Indiana being dragged by the truck (performed by stuntman Terry Leonard), in tribute to a famous Yakima Canutt stunt. Spielberg then filmed all the shots with Ford himself in and around the truck cab.[7] Lucas directed a few other second unit shots, in particular the monkey giving the Nazi salute.[32]

text: The interior staircase set in Washington, D.C. was filmed in San Francisco's City Hall. The University of the Pacific's campus in Stockton, California, stood in for the exterior of the college where Jones works, while his classroom and the hall where he meets the American intelligence agents was filmed at the Royal Masonic School for Girls in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, England, which was again used in The Last Crusade. His home exteriors were filmed in San Rafael, California.[33] Opening sequence exteriors were filmed in Kauai, Hawaii, with Spielberg wrapping in September in 73 days, finishing under schedule in contrast to his previous film, 1941.[10][24] The Washington, D.C. coda, although it appeared in the script's early drafts, was not included in early edits but was added later when it was realized that there was no resolution to Jones' relationship with Marion.[40] Shots of the Douglas DC-3 Jones flies on to Nepal were taken from Lost Horizon, and a street scene was from a shot in The Hindenburg.[32] Filming of Jones boarding a Boeing Clipper flying-boat was complicated by the lack of a surviving aircraft. Eventually, a post-war British Short Solent flying-boat formerly owned by Howard Hughes was located in California and substituted.[41]

text: Visual effects and sound design[edit]

text: The special visual effects for Raiders were provided by Industrial Light & Magic and include: a matte shot to establish the Pan Am flying boat in the water[42] and miniature work to show the plane taking off and flying, superimposed over a map; animation effects for the beam in the Tanis map room; and a miniature car and passengers[43] superimposed over a matte painting for a shot of a Nazi car being forced off a cliff. The bulk of effects shots were featured in the climactic sequence wherein the Ark of the Covenant (which was designed by Brian Muir and Keith Short) is opened and God's wrath is unleashed. This sequence featured animation, a woman to portray a beautiful spirit's face, rod puppet spirits moved through water to convey a sense of floating,[44] a matte painting of the island, and cloud tank effects to portray clouds. The melting of Toht's head was done by exposing a gelatine and plaster model of Ronald Lacey's head to a heat lamp with an under-cranked camera, while Dietrich's crushed head was a hollow model from which air was withdrawn. When the film was originally submitted to the Motion Picture Association of America, it received an R rating because of the scene in which Belloq's head explodes. The filmmakers were able to receive a PG rating when they added a veil of fire over the exploding head scene. (PG-13 rating was not created until 1984.[19]) The firestorm that cleanses the canyon at the finish was a miniature canyon filmed upside down.[44]

text: Ben Burtt, the sound effects supervisor, made extensive use of traditional foley work in yet another of the production's throwbacks to days of the Republic serials. He selected a .30-30 Winchester rifle for the sound of Jones' pistol. Sound effects artists struck leather jackets and baseball gloves with a baseball bat to create a variety of punching noises and body blows. For the snakes in the Well of Souls sequence, fingers running through cheese casserole and sponges sliding over concrete were used for the slithering noises. The sliding lid on a toilet cistern provided the sound for the opening of the Ark, and the sound of the boulder in the opening is a car rolling down a gravel driveway in neutral. Burtt also used, as he did in many of his films, the ubiquitous Wilhelm scream when a Nazi falls from a truck. In addition to his use of such time-honored foley work, Burtt also demonstrated the modern expertise honed during his award-winning work on Star Wars. He employed a synthesizer for the sounds of the Ark, and mixed dolphins' and sea lions' screams for those of the spirits within.[45]

text: The final scene, where the Ark is placed in a vast warehouse, was Spielberg's homage to Citizen Kane, where Kane's lost childhood sledge, "Rosebud", is similarly treated.[46]

text: Music[edit]

text:
"The Raiders March" (1981)

Raiders of the Lost Ark

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: John Williams composed the score for Raiders of the Lost Ark, which was the only score in the series performed by the London Symphony Orchestra, the same orchestra that performed the scores for the Star Wars saga. The score most notably features the well-known "Raiders March". This piece came to symbolize Indiana Jones and was later used in the scores for the other three films. Williams originally wrote two different candidates for Jones's theme, but Spielberg enjoyed them so much that he insisted that both be used together in what became the "Raiders March".[47] The alternately eerie and apocalyptic theme for the Ark of the Covenant is also heard frequently in the score, with a more romantic melody representing Marion and, more broadly, her relationship with Jones. The score as a whole received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Score, but lost to the score to Chariots of Fire composed by Vangelis.

text: Release[edit]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: The only video game based exclusively on the film is Raiders of the Lost Ark, released in 1982 by Atari for their Atari 2600 console.[48] The first third of the video game Indiana Jones' Greatest Adventures, released in 1994 by JVC for Nintendo's Super Nintendo Entertainment System, is based entirely on the film. Several of the film's sequences are reproduced (the boulder run and the showdown with the Cairo Swordsman among them); however, several inconsistencies with the film are present in the game, such as Nazi soldiers and bats being present in the Well of Souls sequence, for example.[49] The game was developed by LucasArts and Factor 5. In the 1999 game Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine, a bonus level brings Jones back to the Peruvian temple of the film's opening scene.[50] In 2008, to coincide with the release of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Lego released the Lego Indiana Jones line—which included building sets based on Raiders of the Lost Ark[51]—and LucasArts published a video game based on the toyline, Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures, which was developed by Traveller's Tales.[52]

text: Marvel Comics published a comic book adaptation of the film by writer Walt Simonson and artists John Buscema and Klaus Janson. It was published as Marvel Super Special #18[53] and as a three-issue limited series.[54] This was followed with the comic book series The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones which was published monthly from January 1983 through March 1986.

text: In 1981, Kenner released a 12-inch (30 cm) doll of Indiana Jones, and the following year they released nine action figures of the film's characters, three playsets, as well as toys of the Nazi truck and Jones' horse. They also released a board game. In 1984, miniature metal versions of the characters were released for a role playing game, The Adventures of Indiana Jones, and in 1995 Micro Machines released die-cast toys of the film's vehicles.[55] Hasbro released action figures based on the film, ranging from 3 to 12 inches (7.6 to 30.5 cm), to coincide with Kingdom of the Crystal Skull on May 1, 2008.[56] Later in 2008, and in 2011, two high-end sixth scale (1:6) collectible action figures were released by Sideshow Collectibles, and Hot Toys, Ltd. respectively. A novelization by Ryder Windham was released in April 2008 by Scholastic to tie in with the release of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. A previous novelization by Scottish author Campbell Armstrong (under the pseudonym Campbell Black) was concurrently released with the film in 1981. A book about the making of the film was also released, written by Derek Taylor.

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on VHS, Betamax and VideoDisc in pan and scan only, and on laserdisc in both pan and scan and widescreen. For its 1999 VHS re-issue, the film was remastered in THX and made available in widescreen. The outer package was retitled Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark for consistency with the film's prequel and sequel. The subsequent DVD release in 2003 features this title as well. The title in the film itself remains unchanged, even in the restored DVD print. In the DVD, two subtle digital revisions were added. First, a connecting rod from the giant boulder to an offscreen guidance track in the opening scene was removed from behind the running Harrison Ford; second, a reflection in the glass partition separating Ford from the cobra in the Well of Souls was removed.[57] Shortly before the theatrical release of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Raiders (along with The Temple of Doom and The Last Crusade) was re-released on DVD with additional extra features not included on the previous set on May 13, 2008. The film was released on Blu-ray Disc in September 2012.[58] Previously, only Kingdom of the Crystal Skull had been available on Blu-ray.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Raiders of the Lost Ark opened at #14 and grossed $1,673,731 from 267 theaters ($6,269 theater average) during its opening weekend. In total, the IMAX release grossed $3,125,613 domestically.[59] The film, made on an $18 million budget, grossed $384 million worldwide throughout its theatrical releases. In North America, it was by some distance the highest-grossing film of 1981,[60] and remains one of the top twenty-five highest-grossing films ever made when adjusted for inflation.[61] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold more than 70 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[62]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film was subsequently nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture, in 1982 and won four (Best Sound, Best Film Editing, Best Visual Effects, and Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (Norman Reynolds, Leslie Dilley, and Michael D. Ford). It also received a Special Achievement Award for Sound Effects Editing. It won numerous other awards, including a Grammy Award and Best Picture at the People's Choice Awards. Spielberg was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award.[63]

text: The film was highly acclaimed by critics and audiences alike. In his review for The New York Times, Vincent Canby praised the film, calling it, "one of the most deliriously funny, ingenious and stylish American adventure movies ever made."[64] Roger Ebert in his review for the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "Two things, however, make Raiders of the Lost Ark more than just a technological triumph: its sense of humor and the droll style of its characters [...] We find ourselves laughing in surprise, in relief, in incredulity at the movie's ability to pile one incident upon another in an inexhaustible series of inventions."[65] He later added it to his list of "Great Movies".[66] Rolling Stone said the film was "the ultimate Saturday action matinee–a film so funny and exciting it can be enjoyed any day of the week."[67] Bruce Williamson of Playboy claimed: "There's more excitement in the first ten minutes of Raiders than any movie I have seen all year. By the time the explosive misadventures end, any movie-goer worth his salt ought to be exhausted."[68] Stephen Klain of Variety also praised the film. Yet, making an observation that would revisit the franchise with its next film, he felt that the film was surprisingly violent and bloody for a PG-rated film.[69]

text: There were some dissenting voices: Sight & Sound described it as an "expensively gift-wrapped Saturday afternoon pot-boiler",[70] and New Hollywood champion Pauline Kael, who once contended that she only got "really rough" on large films that were destined to be hits but were nonetheless "atrocious",[71] found the film to be a "machine-tooled adventure" from a pair of creators who "think just like the marketing division".[72] (Lucas later named a villain, played by Raiders Nazi strongman Pat Roach, in his 1988 fantasy film Willow after Kael.)[71] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 94% "Certified Fresh" rating and has a Critics Consensus stating "Featuring bravura set pieces, sly humor, and white-knuckle action, Raiders of the Lost Ark is one of the most consummately entertaining adventure pictures of all time.",[73] as well as a 85% rating on Metacritic, indicating "universal acclaim".[74]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards and nominations

Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

Academy Awards
Best Picture
Frank Marshall
Nominated
[75]

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Norman Reynolds, Leslie Dilley, and Michael D. Ford
Won

Best Cinematography
Douglas Slocombe
Nominated

Best Film Editing
Michael Kahn
Won

Best Original Score
John Williams
Nominated

Best Sound
Bill Varney, Steve Maslow, Gregg Landaker, and Roy Charman
Won

Best Sound Effects Editing
Ben Burtt, and Richard L. Anderson
Won

Best Visual Effects
Richard Edlund, Kit West, Bruce Nicholson, and Joe Johnston
Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated
[76]

BAFTA Awards
Best Film
Frank Marshall
Nominated

Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Denholm Elliott
Nominated

Best Film Music
John Williams
Nominated

Best Cinematography
Douglas Slocombe
Nominated

Best Editing
Michael Kahn
Nominated

Best Sound
Bill Varney, Steve Maslow, Gregg Landaker, and Roy Charman
Nominated

Hugo Awards
Best Dramatic Presentation

Won
[77]

Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Film

Won

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Won

Best Actor
Harrison Ford
Won

Best Actress
Karen Allen
Won

Best Supporting Actor
Paul Freeman
Nominated

Best Writing
Lawrence Kasdan
Won

Best Music
John Williams
Won

Best Costume
Deborah Nadoolman
Nominated

Best Special Effects
Richard Edlund
Won

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies—No. 60
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills—No. 10
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:

Indiana Jones—No. 2 Hero

AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

"Snakes! Why did it have to be snakes?"—Nominated

AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores—Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)—No. 66

text: Impact[edit]

text: Following the success of Raiders, a prequel, The Temple of Doom, and two sequels, The Last Crusade and Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, were produced, with a third sequel set for release in 2020.[78] A television series, entitled The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, was also spun off from this film, and details the character's early years. Numerous other books, comics, and video games have also been produced.

text: In 1998, the American Film Institute placed the film at number 60 on its top 100 films of the first century of cinema. In 2007, AFI updated the list and placed it at number 66. They also named it as the 10th most thrilling film, and named Indiana Jones as the second greatest hero. In 1999, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the U.S. Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. Indiana Jones has become an icon, being listed as Entertainment Weekly's third favorite action hero, while noting "some of the greatest action scenes ever filmed are strung together like pearls" in this film.[79]

text: An amateur, near shot-for-shot remake was made by Chris Strompolos, Eric Zala, and Jayson Lamb, then children in Ocean Springs, Mississippi. It took the boys seven years to finish, from 1982 to 1989. After production of the film, called Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Adaptation, it was shelved and forgotten until 2003, where it was discovered by Eli Roth[80][81] and acclaimed by Spielberg himself, who congratulated the boys on their hard work and said he looked forward to seeing their names on the big screen.[82] Scott Rudin and Paramount Pictures purchased the trio's life rights with the goal of producing a film based on their adventures making their remake.[83][84]

text: In 2014, film director Steven Soderbergh published an experimental black-and-white version of the film, with the original soundtrack and dialogue replaced by an electronic soundtrack. Soderbergh said his intention was to encourage viewers to focus on Spielberg's extraordinary staging and editing: "This filmmaker forgot more about staging by the time he made his first feature than I know to this day."[85]

text: Assessing the film's legacy in 1997, Bernard Weinraub, film critic for The New York Times, which had initially reviewed the film as "deliriously funny, ingenious, and stylish",[86] maintained that "the decline in the traditional family G-rated film, for 'general' audiences, probably began" with the appearance of Raiders of the Lost Ark. "Whether by accident or design," found Weinraub, "the filmmakers made a comic nonstop action film intended mostly for adults but also for children."[87] Eight years later, in 2005, viewers of Channel 4 rated the film as the 20th-best family film of all time, with Spielberg taking best over-all director honors.[88]

text: On Empire magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, Raiders ranked second, beaten only by The Godfather.[89]

text: In conjunction with the Blu-ray release, a limited one-week release in IMAX theaters was announced for September 7, 2012. Steven Spielberg and sound designer Ben Burtt supervised the format conversion. No special effects or other visual elements were altered, but the audio was enhanced for surround sound.[90]

text: 2012 replica mystery[edit]

text: In December 2012, the University of Chicago's admissions department received a package in the mail addressed to Henry Walton Jones, Jr., Indiana Jones' full name. The address on the stamped package was listed for a hall that was the former home of the university's geology and geography department. Inside the manila envelope was a detailed replica journal similar to the one Jones used in the movie, as well as postcards and pictures of Marion Ravenwood. The admissions department posted pictures of the contents on its Internet blog, looking for any information about the package. It was discovered that the package was part of a set to be shipped from Guam to Italy that had been sold on eBay. The package with the journal had fallen out in transit and a postal worker had sent it to the university, as it had a complete address and postage, which turned out to be fake. All contents were from a Guam "prop replicator" who sells them all over the world. The university will display its replica in the main lobby of the Oriental Institute.[91]


document_title: Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed

question_text: where was scooby doo 2 monsters unleashed filmed

text: Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mystery Inc. (Fred, Daphne, Velma, Shaggy and Scooby-Doo) attend the opening of an exhibition at the Coolsonian Criminology Museum commemorating their past solved cases with monster costumes on display. However, the celebrations are interrupted by a masked man known as the Evil Masked Figure who steals two costumes using the reanimated Pterodactyl Ghost. The gang are ridiculed by journalist Heather Jasper Howe, who starts a smear campaign against them. Concluding an old enemy is the mastermind, the gang revisit old cases, dismissing the former Pterodactyl Ghost, Jonathan Jacobo, due to his death during a failed prison escape, they guess that Jeremiah Wickles, the Black Knight Ghost's portrayer and Jacobo's cell mate in prison, is the culprit.

text: Going to Wickles' mansion, the group fall through a trapdoor and into a cage targeting unwelcome callers, but escape with the aid of Daphne's cosmetics. Inside, the gang find a book that serves as an instruction manual on how to create monsters. Shaggy and Scooby-Doo find a note inviting Wickles to visit the Faux Ghost nightclub. They are attacked by the Black Knight Ghost, but escape when Daphne fights him off while Velma discovers its weak spot and disables it. Before fleeing, the rest of the gang had previously discovered through the book found in Wickles' mansion that the key ingredient to creating the monsters was a substance called "randomonium", which can be found at the old silver mining town.

text: After Daphne helps Velma overcome her fears of intimacy and assert herself by changing up her image, Daphne, Velma and Fred go to the museum accompanied by the curator Patrick Wisely, but discover that the rest of the costumes have been stolen. Heather Jasper Howe ridicules the gang further by turning the city against them. The gang go to the mines, finding Wickles' plans to turn it into an amusement park. As they confront Wickles, he states that he and Jacobo were cell mates who hated each other, and denies any connection to the museum robberies.

text: Shaggy and Scooby, after overhearing the rest of the gang criticizing their tendency to bumble every operation, and especially their most recent offense in failing to secure the Pterodactyl Ghost at the museum, resolve to better themselves and become real detectives. Following the lead from Wickles' note, their first clue ever, they sneak into the Faux Ghost wearing disguises to try and solve the mystery. After speaking to Wickles, they learn he has resolved his ways. Scooby eventually causes a scene and his disguise falls off, leading Scooby and Shaggy to escape through a trash chute. On their way out, they spot Patrick uncharacteristically assaulting someone who appears to be a member of his staff, ordering him to find answers to who vandalized his museum. Escaping an awkward interaction with Patrick, Shaggy and Scooby spot Wickles leaving the club and follow him.

text: The gang then find the Monster Hive where the costumes are brought to life as real monsters. Shaggy and Scooby play around with the machine's control panel, bringing several costumes to life, and the gang flee with the panel as the Evil Masked Figure terrorizes the city. Escaping to their old high school clubhouse, the gang realize they can reverse the control panel's power by altering its wiring. Captain Cutler's Ghost emerges from the bayou, forcing the gang to head back to the mines, encountering the various monsters along the way. Velma sees Patrick in the mines, finding a shrine dedicated to Jacobo built by Patrick, but Patrick proves his innocence by helping Velma after a catwalk unexpectedly gives way under her.

text: The gang confront the Evil Masked Figure, but the Tar Monster captures and attempts to drown all of them, but Scooby escapes, and uses a fire extinguisher to freeze the Tar Monster's body. He reactivates the control panel, transforming the costumes back to normal. The gang take the Evil Masked Figure to the authorities, unmasking him as Heather. When asked why Heather did what she did, Velma suddenly pulls and peels Heather's face off, revealing she is actually Jacobo in disguise; Jacobo had actually survived the fall from the prison wall, and sought to get revenge on Mystery, Inc. by discrediting them. Jacobo's cameraman Ned is also arrested as an accomplice.

text: Mystery, Inc. are praised as heroes once again in Coolsville. In the Faux Ghost, the gang celebrates their victory with the now reformed criminals, whom they unmasked in the past (including Wickles).

text: After the credits, Scooby-Doo is seen playing a Scooby-Doo 2 Game Boy Advance game. After he succeeds, he tells the viewers to enter the Scooby-Doo 2 Game Boy Advance code. (This is only seen on the VHS and DVD release.)

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Freddie Prinze Jr. as Fred Jones
Ryan Vrba as Young Fred
Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne Blake
Emily Tennant as Young Daphne
Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers
Nazanin Afshin-Jam as Shaggy Chick
Cascy Beddow as Young Shaggy
Linda Cardellini as Velma Dinkley
Lauren Kennedy as Young Velma
Seth Green as Patrick Wisley
Peter Boyle as Jeremiah Wickles
Tim Blake Nelson as Dr. Jonathan Jacobo
Alicia Silverstone as Heather Jasper Howe
Scott McNeil as the Evil Masked Figure
Kevin Durand as the Black Knight Ghost
Karin Konoval as Aggie Wilkins
Joe Macleod as Skater Dude No. 1
Brandon Jay McLaren as Skater Dude No. 2
Calum Worthy as Kid on bike
C. Ernst Harth as Miner 49er
Stephen E. Miller as C.L. Magnues
Zahf Paroo as Ned
Christopher R. Sumpton as the Zombie

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Neil Fanning as the voice of Scooby-Doo
Dee Bradley Baker as the voice of Pterodactyl / Zombie / Red-Eyed Skeleton
Michael J. Sorich as the voice of Tar Monster / Cotton Candy Glob
Bob Papenbrook as the voice of Black Knight
Terrence Stone as the voice of 10,000 Volt Ghost
Wally Wingert as the voice of Green-Eyed Skeleton
J.P. Manoux as the voice of Scooby Braniac

text: Cameos[edit]

text:
Pat O'Brien
The Tasmanian Devil
Ruben Studdard

text: Production[edit]

text: In June 2002, at the time of the release of Scooby-Doo, Dan Fellman, the president of Warner Bros., confirmed that a sequel was in the works, and was slated for a 2004 release.[4] In March 2003, it was announced that Freddie Prinze Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Neil Fanning, Matthew Lillard and Linda Cardellini would reprise their roles in the sequel.[5] In April 2003, the next month, filming for the sequel began in Vancouver, with Seth Green joining the cast.[6]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened March 26, 2004, and grossed $29.4 million (over 3,312 theaters, $8,888 average) during its opening weekend, ranking No. 1.[7] It grossed a total of $84.2 million in North America, and went on to earn $181.5 million worldwide, more than $90 million less than the $275.7 million worldwide Scooby-Doo grossed two years earlier. It was the twenty eighth most successful film of 2004,[8] and ranks as the sixth highest grossing film featuring a dog as a major character.[9] The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 2, 2004, and topped the country's box office for the next three weekends, before being dethroned by Kill Bill Volume 2.[10][11][12]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 22% based on 117 reviews and an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's consensus reads, "Only the very young will get the most out of this silly trifle."[13] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 34 out of 100 based on 28 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[14] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale, an improvement over the previous film's "B+".[15]

text: The film won a Razzie Award for Worst Remake or Sequel.[16]

text: Home media release[edit]

text: Warner Home Video released the film on DVD and VHS on September 14, 2004 in both full-screen and widescreen editions. The DVD included deleted scenes from the film's production and other special features, such as two music videos, a "making of" and trailers. On November 9, 2010, Warner Bros. released both the film and its predecessor as a double feature Blu-ray.[17]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack[18] was released on March 23, 2004 on Audio CD and Compact Cassette.

text:
"Don't Wanna Think About You" by Simple Plan (Simple Plan had also performed the titular theme song)
"You Get What You Give" by New Radicals
"Boom Shack-A-Lak" by Apache Indian
"Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" by Big Brovaz
"The Rockafeller Skank" by Fatboy Slim
"Wooly Bully" by Bad Manners
"Shining Star" by Ruben Studdard
"Flagpole Sitta" by Harvey Danger
"Get Ready for This" by 2 Unlimited
"Play That Funky Music" by Wild Cherry
"Here We Go" by Bowling for Soup
"Love Shack" by The B-52's
"Friends Forever" by Puffy AmiYumi
"Wanted Dead or Alive" by Bon Jovi

tag: ol

text: Prequels and reboot[edit]

text: The film was followed by two telefilm prequels: Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster, which both aired on Cartoon Network in 2009 and 2010 respectively. An spin off film Daphne & Velma was released in May 22, 2018 and a reboot will be released on May 15, 2020.[19]