document_title: Legal status of tattooing in the United States

question_text: how old do you have to be to get a tattoo in washington

text: In the United States, there is no federal law regulating the practice of tattooing. However, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have statutory laws requiring a person receiving a tattoo be 18 years or older.  This is partially based on the legal principle that a minor cannot enter into a legal contract or otherwise render informed consent for a procedure.  Most states permit a person under the age of 18 to receive a tattoo with permission of a parent or guardian, but some states outright prohibit tattooing under a certain age regardless of permission, with the exception of medical necessity (such as markings placed for radiation therapy).

text: In all jurisdictions, individual tattooists may also choose to place additional restrictions based on their own moral feelings, such as refusing any clients under a specific age even with parental consent despite it being legal, or limiting the type and/or location of where they are willing to tattoo (such as refusing any work around intimate parts of the body).  They may additionally refuse to perform specific artwork, including if they merely find it inappropriate or offensive, or refuse to work on a client that they suspect may be intoxicated.  Artists sometimes claim their personal business restrictions are a matter of law even when it is not true, so as to avoid arguments with clients.

text:
Legal Restrictions on Tattooing & Body Modification by State

State

Minimum Age (with parent/guardian consent)

Form of Parent/Guardian Consent

Notes & Exceptions

Intoxicated/Impaired Individuals

Area of Law/Type of Penalty

Licensing & Regulation

Relevant Statute(s) and Rules

Alabama

none specified[1]

informed written consent, signed in presence of the artist/service provider or their agent[1][2]

Ear piercing exempt from Alabama body art laws & rules.[2][3]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced[1][2]

Violations of Alabama Tattoo & Body Piercing laws are a class c misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $100 and/or up to 90 days imprisonment for each violation.[4]

Alabama's Department of Public Health licenses Tattoo, body piercing, & body art facilities, and sets standards for their operation.[5]
Individual tattoo artists, piercers, etc. require a permit.[2]

Ala. Code § 22-1-17A[3][6]
State Board of Health rules on Body Art Practices and Facilities.[2]

Alaska

18 (piercing excepted)[7]

parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure[7]

Minors may be pierced with parental consent [7]

no restriction[8]

Alaska Stat. § 08.13.217[7]

Arizona

none specified[9]

parent/guardian must be physically present[9]

Minors can have their ears pierced with the written or verbal consent of a parent/guardian, can have procedures prescribed by a health care provider.[9]

no restriction[9]

Violations are a class 6 felony.[9]

There are no health regulations for tattoo shops in Arizona. [10]

Tattoos. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-3721[9]

Arkansas

16[11]

parent/guardian must both give written consent and be physically present[12]

none specified[12]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced.[12]

Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 20-27-1501 et seq.[12]

California

18 (piercing excepted)[13][14]

parent/guardian must be present during procedure

Minors may have their ears pierced with parental consent.[15]  They may be pierced elsewhere with parental consent, but not on their genitals or nipples. Permanent cosmetics are permitted on nipples, when done by a cosmetic technician and with parental consent.[14]

no restriction

Body Art. Cal. Health & Safety Code § 119300 to 119328[16][6][15]
Cal. Penal Code 653[13]

Colorado

18 Express written consent of parent or guardian[17]

parent/guardian must be present during procedure

Persons who are "noticeably impaired" cannot have body art procedures[17]

Body Artists. Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-4-2101 to 2103[6]

Connecticut

none specified

permission of parent or guardian[18][19]

Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[18]
Tattooing may only be performed by physicians, or by registered nurses & technicians working under the supervision of a physician.[19]

no restrictions

Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92a,[6][19]
Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92g[6][18]

District of Columbia

18 (ear piercing excepted)[20]

written consent (for ear piercing)[20]

minors may have their ears pierced with written parental consent[20]

no restrictions[20]

Body Artists. DC Code § 47-2853.76d[6][20]

Delaware

18[21]

notarized written consent to the specific procedure[21]

none specified[21]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced[21]

Del. Code Ann. Title 11, Ch 5 §1114(a)[6][21]
Del. Code Ann. Title 16, Ch 2 §122(3)(w)[6]

Florida

16[22]

Must be accompanied by parent or guardian who can show proof of guardianship, both parent and minor must present photo ID, and a consent form must be notarized.[22]

for medical or dental purposes by a licensed physician or dentist[22]

no restriction

Fla. Stat. § 381.00787[6]
Fla. Stat. §381.0775 et seq.[6]
Fla. Stat. §381.075[6]

Georgia

18 (body piercing excepted)[23]

For body piercing: prior written consent of parent/guardian[24]

Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[24]
Minors may be body pierced with written parental consent[24]
Physicians and Osteopaths or technicians working under their direct supervision can give minors tattoos or produce scars for "medical or cosmetic purposes."[23]
No one can be tattooed within an inch of their eye socket.[25]

no restrictions

Ga. Code § 31-40-1 to 31-40-10[6]
Ga. Code § 16-12-5[6]
Ga. Code § 16-5-71.1[6]

Hawaii

none specified[26]

written consent of parent/guardian[26]

Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-13[6]
Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-379[6]

Idaho

14[27]

Written informed consent of parent/guardian, executed in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their agent/employee.[27]

Minors can have their ears pierced without parental consent.[6]
Piercing for medical procedures exempt.[6]

no restrictions

Idaho Code § 18-1523 (2004)[6]

Illinois

18 (body piercings excepted)[28]

Written consent of parent/guardian (for body piercings)[28]

Minors cannot be present in places where tattooing or body piercing is done except in the presence of a parent/guardian.[28]
Minors can have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[28]

no restrictions

Ill. Stat. 720 §5/12-10.1[6]
Ill.  Stat. 410 §54/1 t0 54/999[6]

Indiana

none specified[29]

Parent/guardian must both be present during the procedure and provide written permission.[29]

Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[29]

no restrictions

Ind. Code Ann. §35-42-2-7[6][29]
Ind. Code Ann. §16-19-3-4.1[6][30]

Iowa

18[31]

n/a - minors cannot be tattooed[31]

Body piercing is not regulated by state law in Iowa, however county or city laws may regulate it.[32]

no restrictions

Iowa Code §135.37[6]
Iowa Code §135.37[6]

Kansas

16[33]

Parent/guardian must give written consent, written consent must be notarized, and the parent/guardian must be present during the procedure.[33]

Minors may have their ears pierced[34]

no restrictions

Kan. Stat. Ann.  §65-1953[6]
Kan. Stat. Ann.  §65-1940 to 65-1954[6]

Kentucky

16

Parent/guardian must give written, notarized consent.[35]

none (ear piercing also requires written, notarized consent).[36]

Ky. Rev. Stat. §211.760[6]
Ky. Rev. Stat. §194A.050; 211.760[6]

Louisiana

16

Parent or guardian must consent, and their presence during the procedure is required for tattoos, but not for body piercings.[37]

no restrictions

La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §14:93.2[6]
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:2831 et seq.[6]

Maine

18 (piercings excepted)[38]

For body piercings: prior legal consent of parent/guardian.[39]

Maine law does not require parent/guardian consent for ear piercing[40]

no restrictions

Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. Title 32 § 4201-4329[6]

Maryland

none specified[41]

written consent, which must be retained for 3 years.

Piercing of the ear lobe is exempt[42]

no restriction

Health Department Regulations

A license is not required, but any person performing tattooing or piercing must comply with all the relevant health code regulations[41]

COMAR 10.06.01.02 and 10.06.01.06

Massachusetts

18 (except body piercing other than genitalia)[43]

For piercing of areas other than the genitalia, a parent may provide identification and sign the consent document.[43]

Physicians performing for treatment reasons and ear piercing are exempt from regulation.[43]

no restriction

County Health Department regulates body art, but all follow a model regulation set by the state.

Artists must have a permit, and establishments are subject to following specific health department regulations[43]

Model Regulations for Body Art Establishments[43]

Michigan

none specified[44]

Written, informed consent of parent/guardian.  Must be executed (signed) in the presences of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[44]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced.[44]

Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.13101 to 333.13112[45]

Minnesota

18 (piercings excepted)[46]

For piercings: presence of parent/guardian and a consent form are both required.[46]

Minors cannot be tattooed.  They can be body pierced, but not in the nipples or genitals.  Branding, scarification, suspension, subdermal implantation, microdermal, and tongue bifurcation are also prohibited for minors.[46]

cannot have any body art procedures.[46]

Minnesota Statutes 146B.07[46]

Mississippi

18

n/a - minors cannot be tattooed

piercing also prohibited except for the outer perimeter or lobe of the ear.

no restriction

Miss.Code Ann. §73-61

Missouri

none specified[47]

For both piercings and tattoos, parent/guardian must sign written consent in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[47]

cannot be tattooed, branded or body pierced.[47]

violations are a misdemeanor, punishable with a fine of up to $500 (more for repeat offenses)[47]

The state  director of the division of professional registration licenses all body artists, and sets rules & regulations for the operation of body art establishments.[48]

Mo. Rev. Stat. §324.520[47]

Montana

none specified[49]

Parent or guardian must give "explicit, in-person" consent.[49] Montana administrative rules also require that the parent/guardian be present throughout the procedure.[50]

cannot be tattooed or body pierced.[50]

A person who tattoos or body pierces a minor without parent/guardian consent is guilty of Unlawful transactions with children, punishable by a fine of up to $500 or six months in county jail, or both.[49]
Other violations of Montana body art laws are a misdemeanor, with punishments ranging from a fine of $50–100 for a first offense to $300 and/or 90 days in county jail for third and subsequent offense.[51]

Montana's Department of Health and Safety licenses and regulates body art establishments.[52] Local health boards may establish their own licensing and regulatory schemes in lieu of the state department's.[53]

Mont. Code Ann. §45-5-623[49]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-101 to 110[54]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-201 to 209[55]

Nebraska

none specified[56]

written consent, must be present during procedure

Piercing does not include the external parts of the ear[57]

No restrictions

Nebraska Revised Statute 38-1008, 38-1009, 38-1010, 38-1011, 38-1060, 38-10,165

Nevada

n/a[6]

n/a[6]

Nevada state law does not regulate tattoos, piercings, or other body art. Regional health districts may regulate the practice.  The southern Nevada Health District, for example, does not allow minors below the age of 14 to be tattooed, and requires a parent or guardian to provide written consent and be present during the procedure for 14- to 18-year-olds.  The southern Nevada district also bans tattoos on those who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[58]

n/a[6]

n/a[6]

New Hampshire

18 (piercings excepted)[59]

For piercings: parent/guardian must both sign written consent and be present during the procedure.

Minors cannot be tattooed or branded.  They may be pierced with parent/guardian consent.[59] Minors may have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[60]

no restrictions

N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 314[6]

New Jersey

none specified[61]

written permission of parent/guardian is required for tattooing and body piercing.[61]

Parent/guardian must be present and sign written consent for ear piercings as well as for body piercing.  Minors cannot have genital piercings even with parent/guardian consent.[62]

no restrictions

no restrictions

no restrictions

N.J. Stat. Ann. §2C:40-21
N.J.A.C. 8:27-1 et seq.
N.J. Stat. Ann. §26-1A-7[6]

New Mexico

none specified[63]

Written consent and presence during the procedure.

Medical procedures by physicians and ear piercing are exempt[64]

no restrictions

Administrative Regulations set by the Board of Barbers and Cosmetologists

All body artists are required to be licensed through the state, and are subject to regulations from the Board

Body Art Safe Practices Act. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 61-17B et seq.,[64] N.M. Administrative Code 16.36 et seq.[63]

New York

18 (piercings excepted) [65]

Minors cannot be tattooed with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent, signed in presence of the body artist or body art establishment owner.[66]

Written parental consent is not required for ear piercings.[67]

no restrictions

New York Public Health Law, Article 4-A[6][66]
N.Y. Public Health Law §460-466[6]
N.Y. Penal Law § 260.21[6]

North Carolina

18 (piercings excepted)[68]

Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. "Prior consent" of parent/guardian is required for body piercings.[68]

Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[68]

no restrictions

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 130A-283[69]
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-400[70]

North Dakota

none specified[71]

Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure and give written consent.[71]

cannot get tattoos or other body art[72]

N.D. Code §23-01-35[73]
N.D. Code §12.1-31-13[6][71]

Ohio

none specified[74]

Parent/guardian must both sign a consent form and "appear in person at the business at the time the procedure is performed."[74]

none - parent/guardian consent and presence is also required for ear piercings.[74]

no restrictions

Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §3730.01 to 3730.99[6][74]

Oklahoma

18 (piercings excepted)[75]

Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent.  For piercings: parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure.[75]

Ear piercing is not governed/restricted by Oklahoma law.[75]
Scleral tattooing is illegal.[75]

cannot be tattooed.[75]

Okla. Stat. Title 21 §842.1, 842.2, 842.3[6]

Oregon

18 (piercings excepted)[76]

For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent and present proof of identity.[77][78]

Minors can only be tattooed with the authorization of a physician.[76]
Scarification and dermal implants are prohibited[79]
Persons with sunburns or skin diseases or disorders cannot be tattooed or pierced.[76][78]
Minors cannot be pierced on the genitals or nipples, even with parent/guardian consent.[77]
Piercing on testes, deep shaft (corpus cavernosa), uvula, eyelids and sub-clavicle are all prohibited.[78]

cannot be tattooed or pierced.[76][78]

Violations of Oregon body art laws are a misdemeanor.[80]
Violations of Health Licensing Office rules are fined (various amounts).[81]

Both body artists and body art establishments are licensed by the Oregon Health Licensing Office.[82] With the assistance of a Board of Body Art practitioners, the Health Licensing Office also sets detailed rules and regulations for body art.[83]

Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.350 et seq
Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.401 to 410
Or. Rev. Stat. § 679.500[6]
Health Licensing Office Rules, especially Divisions 900, 905, 915 & 920[83]

Pennsylvania

none specified[84]

parent/guardian must both give consent and be present during the procedure.[84]

no restrictions

Pa. Cons. Stat. Title 18 § 6311[6][84]

Rhode Island

18 (piercings excepted)[85][86]

Minors cannot be tattooed.[85]  For piercings: parent/guardian must both give consent and be present for the procedure.[86]

no restrictions

Tattooing a minor is a criminal offense (misdemeanor), maximum fine $300[85]

Tattooing and body art are regulated by the department of health, artists must be registered.[86]

RI Gen L § 23-1-39[86]
RI Gen L § 11-9-15[85]

South Carolina

18 (piercings excepted)[87][88]

Minors cannot be tattooed.[87] For piercings: parent/guardian must either give written, notarized consent or be present during the procedure.[88]

Head, face, and neck tattoos are illegal.[87]

cannot be tattooed or body pierced[87][89]

Under the Health Code, persons violating restrictions on tattooing and body piercing are guilty of a misdemeanor.  Upon conviction, they may be fined up to $2500 or imprisoned for a year, or both.[87][88]

Tattoo and body piercing facilities are regulated by the Department of Health and Environmental Control.  Tattoo facilities are licensed, body piercing facilities require a permit, and artists must be registered[90][91]

S.C. Code § 44-32-10 to 44-32-120[89]
S.C. Code § 44-34-10 to 44-34-110[92]

South Dakota

none specified[93]

Parent/guardian must sign a consent form.[93]

cannot be tattooed or pierced[94][95]

Tattooing a minor is a class 2 misdemeanor.[96]

Tattooing and Body Piercing are governed by Department of Health rules.[97] Municipalities may set stricter regulations, and have the authority to license body artists.[96]

S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §26-10-19[93]
S.D. Laws § 9-34-17[96]

Tennessee

18 (piercings excepted)[98][99]

For tattoos that cover an existing tattoo (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[98]
For piercings: Parent/Guardian must give written consent, be present during the procedure.[99]

Minors over the age of sixteen may be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo, with parent/guardian consent.[98]

Minors who lie about their age to be tattooed are guilty of a "delinquent act," are required to pay a fine of $50–$250 and serve at least 20 hours of community service.[98]
Tattooing a minor is a class a misdemeanor,[98] breach of body piercing law is a class b misdemeanor.[100]

Tattoo artists and body piercers are licensed by the state department of health, tattoo shops require a certificate from the local health department.[101][102]

Tenn. Code §§ 62-38-201-310[103]

Texas

18 (piercings excepted)[104][105]

For body piercings and for covering existing tattoos (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/guardian must be present during procedure, sign an affidavit[104][105]

Ear piercing is exempt from body piercing statutes[106]
Minors may, with parent/guardian consent, be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo that has offensive, gang-related, or drug-related content, or "other words, symbols, or markings that the person's parent or guardian considers would be in the best interest of the person to cover"[104]
Tongue splitting prohibited.[107]

Cannot be tattooed or pierced.[104][108]

Misrepresenting one's age to get a tattoo, or to get a piercing without parental consent, is a class B misdemeanor[104][105]
Violations of Texas tattooing & body piercing statute are a Class A misdemeanor, with each day of violation counting as a separate offense.[109]
Health Commissioner can impose a fine of up to $5000 on artists & shops for each violation[110]

Tattoo artists and body piercers must be registered with the Texas Department of Health[111] Tattoo and body piercing shops must be licensed[112]

Texas Health and Safety Code Ann. §146[113]

Utah

none specified[114]

Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure, give written permission, and provide proof of identity.[114]

Parental consent not required by law for ear piercing[114]

Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class b misdemeanor, shops can be fined up to $1000 for each violation.[114]

Utah Code Ann. §76-10-2201[6]

Vermont

none specified[115]

Tattooists and body piercers must be registered.[115]

Vt. Stat. Ann. Title 26 §4101 to 4109[6][116]

Virginia

none specified[117]

Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[117]

Virginia law does not limit minors' ability to have their ears pierced.[117]

Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class 1 misdemeanor[117]

Tattoo artists and body piercers, as well as the operators of tattoo and body piercing establishments, are licensed by the state.[118][119]
Civic/local governments are empowered to regulate tattoo and body piercing establishments.[120]

Va. Code §54.1-700 et seq.
Va. Code §15.2-912
Va. Code § 18.2-371.3.[6]

Washington

18 (piercings excepted)[121]

cannot have tattoos, body piercings, or other body art.[122]

Wash. Code §26.28.085[121]
Wash. Code § 18.300[123]
Wash. Code § 246-145-001 to 060[124]
Wash. Code §70.54[125]

West Virginia

none specified[126]

parent/guardian must give written consent[126]

All persons receiving a tattoo must attest they are not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[126]

Tattoo shop owners and body piercing studios must register with local board of health, and must be registered as a business with the state[127][128][129]

W. Va. Code §16-37
W. Va. Code §16-38[130]

Wisconsin

18[131]

n/a (tattooing not permitted under 18)

Physicians in the course of professional practice are exempt

no restriction

Tattooing a minor or even offering to do so is subject to a fine of up to $200

Artists must be satisfy training requirements and obtain a license from the health department. Establishments are subject to inspection and licensing[132]

Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations 948.70 and 252.235

Wyoming

none specified[133]

Verbal consent, presence during procedure.[133]

Procedures performed under the supervision of a licensed physician, and piercing of the ear, do not count as body art for this law.

no restriction[133]

Misdemeanor criminal offense, punishable by fine and prison time[133]

Wyoming Statute §14-3-107[133]


document_title: List of Italian cheeses

question_text: how many types of cheese are there in italy

question_tokens: how many types of cheese are there in italy

root

text: List of Italian cheeses

text: This is a list of Italian cheeses. Italy is one of the most productive cheese regions, with well over 450 varieties. In terms of raw production volume, Italy is the third largest cheese producer in the European Union, behind France and Germany.[1]

tag: p

text: See List of Italian DOP cheeses for a list of those Italian cheeses which have Protected Designation of Origin under EU law, together with their areas of origin.

text:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
Z
References
External links

tag: ul

text: A[edit]

text:
Abbamar – Sardinia; a semi-soft cheese made from a mixture of cows’ and sheep’s milk[2]
Accasciato – (usually mixed) sheep and cow's milk cheese from Tuscany
Acceglio – from Piedmont; a fresh cows’ milk cheese made in the area of Acceglio (province of Cuneo)[3]
Acidino (or Formaggio Acidino) – Veneto; a goats’ milk cheese[4]
Aglino
Agrì di Valtorta – Lombardy; made with fresh cows’ or goats’ milk in the Alta Valle Brembana (Province of Bergamo)[5]
Ainuzzi – Sicily; a cows’ milk cheese made in Cammarata and San Giovanni Gemini (Province of Agrigento)[6]
Aladino
Algunder Bauernkäse Halbfett (Italian formaggio contadino semigrasso di Lagundo) – from Burggrafenamt (Italian Burgraviato), South Tyrol[7]
Algunder Butterkäse (Italian formaggio di Lagundo) – from Burggrafenamt (Italian Burgraviato), South Tyrol[8]
Algunder Ziegenkäse (Italian formaggio di capra di Lagundo) – South Tyrol; a goats’ milk cheese from Burggrafenamt (Italian Burgraviato)[9]
Almkäse – South Tyrol
Alpeggio di Triora - Province of Imperia, Ligury
Alpepiana

text: Alpepiana Macig

text:
Alpigiana – South Tyrol
Alpkäse – South Tyrol
Amatriciano – Lazio, around Amatrice and Leonessa
Ambra di Talamello – originated in Marche, it is a type of Formaggio di Fossa, a designation for cheeses that are aged underground
Ambrosiana
Animaletti di Provola – Calabria
Arunda – South Tyrol
Aschbacher Magerkäse (Italian formaggio Aschbach magro) – South Tyrol, from Burggrafenamt (Italian Burgraviato)[10]

text: Asiago – DOP – Veneto, Trentino

text:
Asiago d'allevo (see Asiago)
Asiago Montasio
Asiago pressato (see Asiago)
Asiago stravecchio

text:
Asìno – Friuli Venezia Giulia; a curious cheese, although not made from ass’s milk[11][12]
Auricchio – Pieve San Giacomo, Province of Cremona, Lombardy

text: B[edit]

text: Bacio

text:
Bacio di latte di capra
Bacio di latte di mucca

text:
Bagòs (synonym for Bagòss)
Bagoss (synonym for Bagòss)
Bagòss – from Lombardy; a grana coloured with saffron from the Comune of Bagolino[13][14][15]
Bagòss di Bagolino (synonym for Bagòss)
Baricot
Bastardo del Grappa – from Veneto; a cheese traditionally made with mixed milks, hence ‘bastardo’, in the area of Monte Grappa[16]
Bauernkäse – South Tyrol; a cheese made from pasteurised, semi-skimmed cow’s milk around Meran and Vinschgau[17]
Bebé di Sorrento – Campania; a cow’s milk cheese produced in a similar manner to Caciocavallo sorrentino in the Sorrentine Peninsula in the Province of Naples[18]
Beddo – Piedmont; a soft, compact, white-bodied cheese made from cow’s milk in the lower Cervo valley (Commune of Pralungo and the Oropa valley in the Comune of Biella[19]
Bedura
Begiunn − Piedmont; a creamy-granular ricotta made in summer in the alpine pastures of Sauze d’Oulx and San Sicario (Commune of Cesana Torinese) in the upper Val di Susa, and also in Bardonecchia (Province of Turin)[20][21]

text:
Bel Paese
Bella Badia – South Tyrol; a soft cow’s milk cheese, or recent introduction, made in the commune of Bruneck with milk from the mountain farmsteads of the Puster Valley[22]
Bella Lodi – Lombardia; typical Italian hard cheese from Lodi, "Granone" lodigiano[23]
Belicino – Sicily; a fresh sheep’s mik cheese from the Belice valley, containing stoned olives of the type Oliva da Tavola Nocellara del Belice.[24] The cheese, whose origins are post-World Two, is made within the communal territories of Calatafimi, Castelvetrano, Poggioreale, Salaparuta, Campobello di Mazara, Gibellina, Santa Ninfa, Petrosino and Salemi.[25]
Belmonte – Lombardy
Bettelmatt – Piedmont[26]
Bergkäse
Bernardo – Lombardy
Biancospino
Bocconcini
Bocconcini alla panna di bufala (see Bocconcini)[27]
Bianco verde – Trentino; a cows’ milk cheese from Rovereto[28]

text: Bitto – DOP – Lombardy

text:
Bitto d'Alpe
Bitto Valtellina (synonym for Bitto[26])

text:
Bleu d'Aoste – Aosta Valley
Blu

text:
Blu Alpi Cozzie
Blu Antico
Blu del Moncenisio – Piedmont

text: Blu del Moncenisio d'alpeggio

text:
Blu di montagna
Blu Val Chiusella

text:
Bonassai – Sardinia
Bonrus – Piedmont
Boscatella di Fiavè – Trentino; a recently developed soft cheese made in Fiavè[26]
Boschetto al Tartufo – a cheese incorporating pieces of white truffle[29]
Bormino
Boves – Piedmont

text: Bra – DOP – Province of Cuneo, Piedmont; made in three varieties:

text:
Bra d'alpeggio
Bra duro[30]
Bra tenero[30]

text:
Branzi – Val Brembana, Lombardy, a similar cheese to Formai del Mut
Brebidor – Sardinia; a soft sheep’s milk cheese[31]
Brebiblu – Sardinia; a modern, soft, ‘blue’ (really green) sheep’s milk cheese inoculated with Penicillium roqueforti, made by Argiolas Formaggi in Dolianova (Province of Cagliari)[32][33]
Bresciannella
Bricchetto tartufo
Brocciu (see Brotzu[34])

text:
Bros (see Brös) – Langhe, Piedmont
Brös
Bross (see Brös)
Brotzu[35]
Brus (see Brös)

text:
Brus da latte
Brus da ricotta

text: Bruss (see Brös)[30]

text:
Bruss delle Langhe (see Brös)
Bruss di Castelmagno – Piedmont
Bruss di Frabosa

text: Bruz

text:
Bruz d'Murazzan
Bruz d'Murazzanivan

text:
Bruzzu
Budino di capra con uvetta e vin santo
Buflona

text:
Burrata – type of mozzarella, stuffed with a mixture of mozzarella and cream
Burrata delle Murge – Puglia; a Burrata produced since the early twentieth century in Andria (BA) and Martina Franca[26]

text: Burrata di bufala – made from the milk of water buffalo

text:
Burrell – Lazio
Burrino – Basilicata, Molise, Campania, Calabria

text:
Burrino e burrata di bufala (water buffalo’s milk cheeses from Campania[36])
Burrino farcito con soppressata – Basilica
Burrino in corteccia – Campania

text:
Busche
Butirro – Calabria
Butterkäse (Lagundo) (see Algunder Butterkäse)

text: C[edit]

text:
Cachat – Piedmont
Cacio

text:
Cacio a forma di limone – Marche
Cacio di fossa – hard, sharp sheep's milk cheese, not unlike Pecorino
Cacio di vacca bianca – Abruzzo
Cacio figurato
Cacio magno – Lazio

text: Cacio magno alle erbe

text:
Cacio marcetto – Abruzzo[26]
Cacio ubriaco

text: Caciocavallo

text:
Caciocavallo abruzzese – Abruzzo
Caciocavallo affumicato – Campania
Caciocavallo del Monaco – Campania
Caciocavallo di bufala – Campania;[37] in both smoked and un-smoked varieties, from Lazio[38])
Caciocavallo di Castelfranco in Misciano – Campania
Caciocavallo di Cimina – Calabria
Caciocavallo farcito – Campania
Caciocavallo di Godrano
Caciocavallo ragusano – DOP – Sicily; former name for the cheese now officially listed as Ragusano[39]
Caciocavallo silano – DOP – Calabria, Basilicata, Campania, Molise and Puglia
Caciocavallo podolico – Basilicata, Campania, Calabria, Puglia (from Gargano); takes the name from the breed of the cow

text:
Caciocavallo podolico campano - Campania
Caciocavallo podolico picentino

text:
Caciocotto – Basilicata
Caciofiore aquilino – Abruzzo
Cacioforte – Campania
Cacioreale – Lombardy
Cacioricotta – Campania, Abruzzo, Lazio, Calabria, Basilicata, Puglia

text:
Cacioricotta campana – Campania
Cacioricotta di bufala[40]
Cacioricotta di capra cilentina – Cilento, Campania
Cacioricotta fresca – Lazio
Cacioricotta lucano – Puglia, Campania, and especially Basilicata[14]
Cacioricotta pugliese – Puglia

text: Caciotta – Central and South Italy

text:
Caciotta amiatina
Caciotta al peperoncino – Campania
Caciotta calabra – Calabria
Caciotta campana – Campania
Caciotta del Fermano – Marche
Caciotta del Montefeltro – Marche
Caciotta del Monte Lazzarina – Emilia-Romagna
Caciotta della Lunigiana – Toscana
Caciotta misto pecora
Caciotta degli Elimi
Caciotta dei Monti della Laga – Lazio
Caciotta della sabina – Lazio
Caciotta di Asiago – Veneto
Caciotta di Brugnato
Caciotta di capra – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Caciotta di latte caprino
Caciotta di Montemauro – Emilia-Romagna
Caciotta di pecora
Caciotta genuina romana – Lazio
Caciotta mista della Tuscia
Caciotta di bufala – Lazio

text: Caciotta di bufala pontina[40]

text:
Caciotta Manzone
Caciotta sarda – Sardinia
Caciotta senese – Toscana
Caciotta toscana – Toscana
Caciotta vaccina frentana

text: Caciottina

text:
Caciottina canestrata di Sorrento – Province of Naples, Campania
Caciottina di bufala[40]
Caciottina di bufala di Amaseno[40]
Caciottina di bufala di Amaseno aromatizzata)[40]

text:
Cadolet di capra – Val Camonica, Lombardy
Cafone
Calcagno – an Italian type of pecorino cheese prepared using raw sheep milk and peppercorns, it originated in Sardinia.
Callu de cabreddu
Camasciano
Canestrato – Trentino, Puglia, Basilicata, Sicily, Sardinia

text:
Canestrato crotonese – Calabria
Canestrato d'Aspromonte – Calabria
Canestrato di Calabria – Calabrio

text:
Canestrato di Moliterno Stagionato in Fondaco – hard mixed sheep’s and goats’ milk cheese from Puglia; it is matured for at least 60 days and may be eaten at table or grated.[41] An application for PGI status was submitted on 20 August 2005.[42]
Canestrato pugliese – Puglia; PDO cheese made in the Province of Foggia
Canestrato sardo – Sardinia
Canestrato trentino – Trentino
Canestrato vacchino – Sicily

text:
Candela di Langa
Cansiglio – Province of Belluno Veneto, Province of Pordenone Friuli Venezia Giulia
Cappello del Mago
Capretta
Capridor
Caprini bergamaschi – Province of Bergamo Lombardy
Caprino (goats’ cheese) – Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Trentino, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Calabria, Sardinia

text:
Caprino a coagulazione lattica – Lombardy
Caprino a coagulazione presamica – Lombardy
Caprino al lattice di fico – Marche
Caprino al pepe di Bagnolo – Piedmont

text: Caprino bicchierino

text:
Caprino da grattugia
Caprino dell'Aspromonte – Calabria
Caprino degli Alburni – Campania
Caprino della Carnia pasta dura e pasta morbida – Carnia, Province of Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia
Caprino della Limina – Calabria
Caprino della Val Brevenna
Caprino della Val Vigezzo
Caprino di Baceno – Piedmont
Caprino di Cavalese
Caprino di Demonte – Piedmont
Caprino di malga delle Alpi Marittime – Piedmont
Caprino di Montefalcone del Sannio
Caprino di Rimella – Piedmont
Caprino di Urbino – Marche
Caprino Francese
Caprino fresco – Abruzzo
Caprino fresco veneto – Veneto
Caprino lattico piemontese – Piedmont
Caprino lombardo - Lombardy
Caprino ossolano – Piedmont
Caprino presamico piemontese – Piedmont
Caprino sardo – Sardinia
Caprino spazzacamino
Caprino stagionato – Basilicata, Campania
Caprino trentino – Trentino
Caprino vaccino – Lombardy
Caprino Valle – Piedmont
Caprino valsesiano

text:
Cappucetto roso
Capriola
Capritilla
Carboncino
Carletta-Tometta cremosa di pecora
Carlina Robiola di pura capra
Carmasciano
Carnia – Carnia, Province of Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia
Casale de Elva – Province of Cuneo Piedmont; cheese made in the Commune of Elva (CN), in the upper Val Maira which may be sold fresh or aged. In the latter case it resembles Castelmagno.[14] Alternative names include Toma di Elva, Caso di Elva and Tumo de Caso).
Casalina
Casareccio di Gorreto
Casàt Gardesano
Casatella

text:
Casatella Romagnola
Casatella Trevigiana

text:
Casatta nostrana di Corteno Golgi – Lombardy
Casciotta di Urbino – DOP – Marche[43]
Casel Bellunese – Province of Belluno Veneto
Casera

text:
Casera Crotto
Casera giovane Valtellina – Valtellina Lombardy
Casera uso monte

text:
Casieddu di Moliterno – Basilicata[14]
Casizolu - Sardinia

text: Casizolu di pecora

text: Caso

text:
Caso conzato
Caso di Elva (synonym for Casale de Elva)
Caso peruto

text: Casolet - Lombardy, Trentino

text: Casolet della Val di Sole – Lombardy[14]

text:
Casoretta
Cassatella
Castel Ariund – strongly flavoured cows milk cheese from Entracque in the Maritime Alps of the Province of Cuneo Piedmont, often eaten with the local honey[44]

text:
Castelmagno – DOP – Piedmont
Castelrosso
Casu - Sardinia

text:
Casu axedu o Frue
Casu becciu
Casu cundhídu (see Casu marzu)

text:
Casu marzu or formaggio marcio – traditional Sardinian sheep milk cheese, notable for containing live insect larvae
Casu modde (see Casu marzu)
Casu de cabreddu[35]
Casu friscu – Formaggio fresco from Sardinia[35]
Casu spiattatu – Sardinia[35]

text:
Cavrin (Cevrin) di Coazze – Piedmont; goat cheese[30]
Cesio
Chabri stagionato
Charbonet
Cherz – Veneto; a name used in Livinallongo del Col di Lana for Pressato[45]
Ciabutin
Cimbro
Cingherlino (Zincarlin)
Cofanetto
Comelico
Conciato romano – Latio
Contrin
Cosacavaddu ibleo – Sicily
Costa d'Oro
Crema

text:
Crema del Friuli – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Crema del Cuc – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Crema del Gerrei – Sardinia
Crema di Fobello capra

text:
Crescenza – Lombardy
Crottino al tartufo
Crucolo – Trentino; cow's milk
Crutin – Piedmont
Cuc
Cuincir
Cuor

text:
Cuor di Neve
Cuor di Valle

text:
Cuoricino pagina
Cusiè – Piedmont

text: D[edit]

text:
Darraghetto di Viareggio – Tuscany
Degli Albanesi – Calabria
Del Colle
Delizia del Colle
Devero
Dobbiaco – South Tyrol[14]
Dolce Isola misto
Dolcelatte – cheese related to Gorgonzola, made for the export market
Dolce sardo – Sardinia
Dolcezza d'Asiago – Veneto
Dolomiti – Trentino[14]
D'ora ligure – Ligury
Due latti quadrotta delle Langhe – Piedmont

text: E[edit]

text: Erborinato

text:
Erborinato di Artavaggio
Erborinato di capra
Erborinato di monte
Erborinato di pecora delle Alpi Cozzie

text:
Ericino
Escarun di pecora – Piedmont

text: F[edit]

text:
Falagnone
Farci-Provola
Fatulì della Val Saviore – Lombardy
Fallone di Gravina
Felciata di Calabria – Calabria
Fiacco di capra
Fior

text:
Fior di campo
Fior di latte
Fior di latte laziale – Lazio
Fior di monte

text:
Fiordivalle
Fiore

text:
Fiore sardo – DOP – Sardinia
Fiore sicano

text:
Fioreta
Fiorone della Valsassina
Fiurit
Flors – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Fodòm
Fondue – Aosta Valley, Piedmont
Fontal – Trentino[46]

text: Fontal Fiavè – Trentino[14]

text:
Fontina – DOP – Aosta Valley
Formadi – Friuli Venezia Giulia

text:
Formandi frant
Formadi salat (also known as formaggio salato, and related to Asìno[47])

text: Formaggella – Piedmont, Lombardy

text:
Formaggella del Bec – Lombardy
Formaggella del Luinese
Formaggella dell'Adamello
Formaggella della Val Brembana
Formaggella della Val Camonica
Formaggela della Val di Sabbia
Formaggella della Val di Scalve
Formaggella della Val Seriana
Formaggella della Val Trompia
Formaggella di caglio – Piedmont
Formaggella tremosine
Formaggella uso monte
Formaggella Valcavallina

text:
Formaggello spazzacamino
Formaggetta

text:
Formaggetta della Valle Argentina
Formaggetta di Bonassola
Formaggetta di mucca
Formaggetta di Stella San Giovanni
Formaggetta savonese – Liguria

text:
Formaggina
Formaggio'

text:
Formaggio a crosta rossa
Formaggio agordino di malga
Formaggio Alta Pusteria (see Hoch Pustertaler) – South Tyrol
Formaggio Bastardo del Grappa
Formaggio caprino del Cilento – Campania
Formaggio caprino della Limina
Formaggio coi vermi – Lombardy
Formaggio caprino d'alpeggio
Formaggio da spalmare
Formaggio dei Zaccuni
Formaggio d'alpeggio di Triora
Formaggio d'alpe – Piedmont
Formaggio del cit – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Formaggio del Gleno – Lombardy
Formaggio del fieno
Formaggio del monte – South Tyrol
Formaggio delle Langue o Trifulin – Piedmont
Formaggio di capra

text: Formaggio di capra di Calabria – Calabria

text:
Formaggio di "caso" – Piedmont
Formaggio di colostro ovino
Formaggio di Fossa – Emilia-Romagna, Marche[14]
Formaggio di malga dei 7 comuni
Formaggio di Menconico
Formaggio di montagna

text:
Formaggio di montagna di Sesto
Formaggio di montagna friulano – Friuli Venezia Giulia

text:
Formaggio fiore or Fiore sardo – Sardinia
Formaggio in crema – Piedmont
Formaggio marcio or casu marzu – Sardinia
Formaggio pecorino di Atri
Formaggio Piave
Formaggio pressato – Lombardy
Formaggio salato o Asino (synonym for Formadi salat[47]) Friuli Venezia Giulia
Formaggio saltarello
Formaggio di S. Stefano di Quisquina
Formaggio semigrasso d'alpe – Lombardy
Formaggio ubriaco – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Formaggio Val Seriana

text:
Formaggiola caprina
Formaggiu ri capra

text: Formai

text:
Formai de Livign
Formai de Mut

text: Formai de Mut dell'Alta Valle Brembana – DOP – Lombardy

text:
Formaio embriago – Veneto[14]
Furmaggitt di Montevecchia – Lombardy
Furmaggiu du quagliu
Furmai

text:
Furmai del sieur Mario
Furmai marçèt

text:
Formazza
Formella del Friuli – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Frachet – Piedmont
Fresa – Sardinia
Frico balacia – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Frue[35]

text: G[edit]

text:
Galbanino [48]
Garda Tremosine
Giacobin de Zena
Giganti – Basilicata
Giglio sardo – Sardinia
Gineprino
Gingherlino – Lombardy
Giuncata
Gioda
Gioddu – Sardinia
Giuncà – Piedmont
Gorga Ciccarelli Viareggio – Tuscany

text: Gorgonzola – DOP – Lombardy, Piedmont

text:
Gorgonzola a due paste
Gorgonzola con la coda
Gorgonzola bresciano
Gorgonzola tipo piccante

text:
Gran cacio di Morolo
Grana – class of hard, mature cheeses

text:
Grana calabrese – Calabria
Grana Padano – DOP – Lombardy, Piedmont, Trentino, Veneto, Emilia‑Romagna
Grana Trentino – Trentino[14]

text:
Grande Vecchio di Montefollonico
Granone Lodigiano – Lodi, Lombardy
Grappino
Grasso d'alpe – Piedmont
Graukäse - South Tyrol

text: Graukäse della Valle Aurina – South Tyrol[14]

text:
Gresal – Veneto; the name used in Sedico for Pressato[45]
Groviera La Leonessa
Guttus di pecora grossetano – Tuscany

text: H[edit]

text: Hoch Pustertaler – South Tyrol; a cow’s milk cheese, also known as formaggio Alta Pusteria; made in the communes of Toblach and Niederdorf[49]

text: I-K[edit]

text:
Inca Volata
Ircano – Sardinia; cheese made from goats’ milk in the communes of San Nicolò Gerrei, Tertenia and Guspini[50]
Italico – Lombardy; cows’ milk cheese made particularly in the provinces of Lodi and Pavia; a synonym for Bel Paese[51]
Jasperino lombardo – Lombardy
Kiba torinese – Province of Turin, Piedmont

text: L[edit]

text:
Lacarian
La Res
Latteria – Lombardy, Friuli Venezia Giulia

text:
Latteria Delebio
Latteria di Fagagna – Province of Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia
Latteria di Livigno – Valtellina, Lombardy

text: Liptauer triestino – Province of Trieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia

text: M[edit]

text:
Macagn – Piedmont; mountain cows’ milk cheese made in the province of Vercelli in the areas of Biella and the Valsesia[52]
Maccagno o Toma Maccagno
Madonie Provola – Sicily; stretched curd cows’ milk cheese made in the mountains of Madonie in the province of Palermo[53]
Maggot cheese – Sardinia
Magnocca

text: Maioc-Magnocca gordana – Lombardy

text:
Magnùn – Piedmont
Magro di piatta – Lombardy
Maiorchino

text: Maiorchino di Novara di Sicilia – Sicily

text: Malga

text:
Malga altopina o dei Sette Comuni
Malga bellunese – Province of Belluno, Veneto
Malga Fane
Malga o Ugovizza – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Malga stagionato nelle vinacce
Malga Stelvio – Lombardy, South Tyrol

text:
Manteca
Maria provolone di Potenza – Basilicata
Marzolina
Marzolino

text:
Marzolino del Chianti – Toscana[54]
Marzolino di Lucardo

text:
Marzotica – Province of Lecce, Puglia
Mascarpin de la Calza
Mascarpa
Mascarpone

text:
Mascarpone di bufala[40]
Mascarpone di bufala di Battipaglia – Campania[14]
Mascarpone torta – Mascarpone layered with basil and pine kernels[55]

text:
Mastela
Mattone or Zeigel
Mattonella al rosmarino
Matusc o Magro di latteria – Lombardy
Mezzapasta – Piedmont
Millefoglie all'aceto balsamico/Marzemino
Misto

text:
Misto capra
Misto capra di malga
Misto pecora fresco dei Berici

text:
Moesin di Fregona
Mollana della Val Borbera
Moncenisio (see Murianengo) – Piedmont
Montagna
Montanello (Caciotta dolce)

text:
Montasio – DOP – Friuli‑Venezia Giulia, Veneto
Mont Blanc

text: Mont Blanc peppe

text:
Monte Baldo e Monte Baldo primo fiore
Monte delle Dolomiti – Trentino
Monte Veronese – DOP – Veneto

text:
Monte Veronese di malga
Monte Veronese ubriaco all'amarone - Veneto

text:
Montébore – Piedmont; cheese made from mixed cows’ and sheep’s milk in the south-east of the (province of Alessandria) close to the Ligurian border, particularly in the area of Mongiardino Ligure[30][56][57]
Montegranero
Morello, Tuscan cheese made from ewe's milk with added live lactic cultures[58]
Morlâc
Morlacco (or Morlacco di Grappa) from the area of Monte Grappa in the Veneto
Mortrett (Murtret)
Mortaràt – Piedmont; class of cheeses from the area of Biella in which the curds are coated with natural flavourings such as alpine herbs, spices, walnuts, maize flour. Examples include Ostrica di montagna,[59] Ciambella all'Aglio, Maccagnetta alle erbe,[60][61] Maccagnetta alle noci,[62] and Mattonella al rosmarino[63]

text: Mortaràt Ciambella aromatica[64][65]

text:
Motelì
Motta
Mottolina (historical name for Bettelmatt – Piedmont
Mottolino

text: Mozzarella – Campania, Provinces of Latina and Frosinone, Lazio

text: Mozzarella di bufala campana – DOP – Campania, Lazio

text:
Murazzano – DOP – Piedmont
Murianengo – Piedmont; also known as Moncenisio this is a Gorgonzola-like cows’ milk cheese from the province of Turin.[30][66]
Mursin
Murtarat
Musulupu

text: N[edit]

text:
Nevegal
Nis
Nocciolino di ceva
Nostrale d'alpe – Piedmont
Nostrano (local produce)

text:
Nostrano di malga
Nostrano d'alpe – Piedmont
Nostrano de casèl – Trentino
Nostrano del Primiero (see Nostrano della Val di Fassa) – Trentino[14]
Nostrano di Costalta
Nostrano di Crodo – Piedmont
Nostrano di latteria – Piedmont
Nostrano di malga trentino – Trentino
Nostrano Fiavé
Nostrano grasso
Nostrano misto capra – Trentino
Nostrano prealpino
Nostrano semigrasso – Trentino
Nostrano della Val di Fassa – Trentino[14]
Nostrano Valchiese – Trentino
Nostrano Valtrompia DOP

text: Nusnetto bresciano – Province of Brescia, Lombardy

text: O[edit]

text:
Ormea – Piedmont
Orrengigo di Pistoia – Tuscany
Ortler – South Tyrol
Ostrica di montagna – Piedmont; one of the Mortaràt specialities of the area of Biella[59]
Ossolano d'alpe – cows' milk cheese made in Piedmont

text: P[edit]

text:
Paddaccio
Paddraccio
Padduni
Paglierina – Piedmont

text:
Paglierina apassitta
Paglierina di rifreddo – Piedmont[14]

text: Paglietta – Piedmont

text:
Paglietta delle Langhe
Paglietta piemontese

text:
Pallone di Gravina – Apulia and Basilicata[67]
Pampanella
Pancette - Basilicata
Pannarello
Pannerone Lodigiano – Lodi, Lombardy

text:
Parmigiano-Reggiano – DOP – Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy
Pastore
Pastorella del Cerreto di Sorano
Pastorino
Pecora
Pecoricco – Apulia
Pecorini – Calabria
Pecorino – sheep’s-milk cheese

text:
Pecorino a crosta fiorita
Pecorino baccellone
Pecorino bagnolese – Piedmont
Pecorino brindisino – Province of Brindisi, Apulia
Pecorino d'Abruzzo – Abruzzo
Pecorino dei Berici
Pecorino del Casentino – Tuscany
Pecorino del Parco di Migliarino-San Rossore
Pecorino della costa apuana – Ligury
Pecorino della Garfagnana – Tuscany
Pecorino della Lunigiana – Tuscany
Pecorino della Versilia – Tuscany
Pecorino delle balze volterrane – Tuscany
Pecorino di Carmasciano
Pecorino di Farindola
Pecorino di Filiano – hard pecorino from the Province of Potenza, Basilicata, for which an application for PDO status was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 19.4.2007[68]
Pecorino di Garfagnina – a Tuscan Pecorino made with milk from Garfagnina Bianca ewes
Pecorino di Moliterno
Pecorino di montagna
Pecorino di Osilo
Pecorino di Pian di Vas – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Pecorino di Pienza stagionato – Tuscany
Pecorino di Romagna
Pecorino fiorone
Pecorino foggiano – Province of Foggia, Apulia
Pecorino leccese – Province of Lecce, Apulia
Pecorino lucano – Basilicata
Pecorino Monte Re – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Pecorino Romano – DOP – Lazio, Tuscany, Sardinia
Pecorino rosso volterrano - Tuscany
Pecorino sardo – DOP – Sardinia
Pecorino senese – Sienna, Tuscany
Pecorino siciliano – DOP – Sicily
Pecorino stagionato in foglie di noce
Pecorino subasio (an alternative name [in dialect] for Pecorino umbro)[69]
Pecorino toscano – DOP – Tuscany
Pecorino umbro[69] – Umbria
Pecorino veneto – Veneto

text:
Pepato
Peretta – Sardinia
Perlanera
Pettirosso "Tipo Norcia"
Piacentinu or Piacentino
Piacentinu di Enna or Piacentino ennese – Sicily[14]
Piattone
Piave – DOP – Veneto

text:
Piave Fresco
Piave Mezzano
Piave Vecchio
Piave Vecchio Selezione Oro
Piave Vecchio Riserva

text:
Piddiato
Pierino
Pioda S.Maria
Piodino
Piramide

text:
Piramide di capra
Piramide in foglia

text:
Piscedda[35]
Pirittas[35]
Pojna enfumegada (see Poina enfumegada) – Trentino
Poina enfumegada – Trentino[14]
Pratolina
Pressato – Veneto[70]
Presolana-Valseriana – Lombardy
Prescinseua – Liguria
Primo sale
Primolino
Primusali
Provola

text: Provola affumicata – smoked cow’s milk cheese from Campania[71]

text: Provola affumicata di bufala – smoked water buffalo’s-milk cheese from Campania[72]

text:
Provola di bufala – water buffalo’s-milk cheese from Lazio: provinces of Rome and Frosinone[73]
Provola affumicata di bufala – smoked water buffalo’s-milk cheese from Lazio: provinces of Rome and Frosinone[73]
Provola Capizzi
Provula casale (Floresta)
Provola dei Monti Sicari
Provola dei Nebrodi – Sicily
Provola delle Madonie – Sicily
Provola ragusana – Sicily
Provola siciliana – Sicily
Provola silana – Calabria

text: Provole – Basilicata

text: Provolone

text:
Provolone del Monaco
Provolone piccante
Provolone sardo[35] – Sardinia
Provolone siciliano – Sicily
Provolone Valpadana – DOP – Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Trentino
Provolone Vernengo

text:
Pusteria
Pustertaler – South Tyrol
Puzzone

text:
Puzzone Bochiotti
Puzzone di Moena – Trentino[14]
Puzzone Vandercaro

text: Q[edit]

text: Quadro

text:
Quadro di capra
Quadro provenzale

text:
Quagliata ligure – Liguria
Quartirolo Lombardo – DOP – Lombardy

text: R[edit]

text: Raschera – DOP – Piedmont[30]

text: Raschera d'alpeggio – Piedmont; a Raschera, made at least 900m above sea level in certain Alpine areas of the province of Cuneo[74]

text:
Ragusano – DOP – Sicily;
Rasco
Raspadura
Ravaggiolo romagnolo
Raveggiolo – Tuscany
Raviggiolo

text: Raviggiolo di pecora

text:
Raviggiolu – Sardinia
Reblec de crama – Aosta Valley; cow’s milk
Réblèque – Aosta Valley; cow’s milk
Reblo

text:
Reblò alpino (see Reblochon)[75]
Reblo cremoso Valle Susa – Piedmont

text:
Reblochon – Piedmont
Rebruchon (see Reblochon)[75][76]
Regato
Renàz
Riavulillo

text: Ricotta

text:
Ricotta affumicata di Mammola
Ricotta caprina friulana – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Ricotta di bufala[40]

text:
Ricotta di bufala affumicata[40]
Ricotta di bufala infornata[40]
Ricotta di bufala salata[40]
Ricotta essiccata di bufala[40]
Ricotta fresca di bufala[40]

text:
Ricotta di fuscella
Ricotta forte – Campania
Ricotta gentile – Sardinia [35]
Ricotta moliterna[35]
Ricotta mustia[35]
Ricotta pecorina Monte Re – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Ricotta romana – DOP – Lazio[77]
Ricotta salata[78],[79],[35]
Ricotta siciliana – Sicily
Ricotta vaccina affumicata ossolana – Piedmont
Ricottadi

text: Rigatino di Castel San Pietro

text: Robiola

text:
Robiola Alta Langa – Piedmont
Robiola bresciana – Lombardy
Robiola Cavour – Piedmont
Robiola contadina
Robiola d'Alba al tartufo – Piedmont
Robiola della nonna
Robiola della Val Bormida
Robiola della Valsassina
Robiola delle Langhe – Piedmont
Robiola di Bossolasco
Robiola di Castel San Giovanni
Robiola di Ceva o Mondovì – Piedmont
Robiola di Cocconato
Robiola di Intropio
Robiola di Montevecchia – Lombardy
Robiola di pecora
Robiola di Roccaverano – DOP – Piedmont
Robiola di serosa
Robiola La Rustica
Robiola piemontese classica – Piedmont

text:
Romita piemontese – Piedmont
Rosa Camuna – Val Camonica, Lombardy; mild compact paste cheese made with partially skimmed cow’s milk
Rosso di lago

text: S[edit]

text:
Salignon – lower Aosta Valley; goats’s and/or sheep’ milk cheese, usually smoked[80]
Salagnun
Salato

text:
Salato duro friulano – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Salato morbido del Friuli – Friuli-Venezia Giulia[14]

text:
Salgnun (Salignun) – Lombardy
Salondro or Solandro – Trentino

text:
Salondro di malga
Salondro magro

text:
Salva – Lombardy
Santo Stefano d'Aveto (also known as San Stè) – from the upper Aveto valley and particularly from within the municipal boundaries of the communes of Rezzoaglio and Santo Stefano d'Aveto - Ligury[81]
Sappada (cheese) – Province of Belluno, Veneto
Saras del Fèn – Piedmont[30]
Sarasso
Sarazzu (see Sarasso)
Sargnon or Serniun – Piedmont
Savello di Roma – Lazio
Sbrinz – Lombardy
Scacciata
Scacione (Caprone)

text: Scamorza

text:
Scamorza calabra – Calabria
Scamorza di bufala[40] – Campania
Scamorza molisana – Molise[14]

text:
Scheggia
Schiz
Schlander
Scuete frante – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Scuete fumade or Ricotta affumicata – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Scimuda d'alpe – Lombardy
Scimudin – Lombardy
Scimut
Scodellato
Secondo sale
Seras – lower Aosta Valley; cows’ milk cheese known since 1267 and often eaten with polenta[82]
Seré (see Seras)
Seirass (see Seras)

text:
Seirass del Fen (see Seras) – Piedmont
Seirass del Lausun – Piedmont
Seirass di latte
Seirass di siero di pecora
Seirass stagionato

text: Semicotto

text:
Semicotto caprino
Semicotto ovino

text:
Semitenero loiano
Semuda
Sigarot

text:
Sigarot cenese
Sigarot miele
Sigarot naturale

text:
Silandro – South Tyrol
Silter – Lombardy

text: Silter della Val Camonica – Lombardy[14]

text:
Shtalp
Smorzasoel
Soera (Sola della Valcasotto) – Piedmont
Sola – Piedmont

text: Sola stagionata

text: Sora

text:
Sora di pecora brigasca
Sora tre latti

text: Sot la Trape – Friuli Venezia Giulia

text:
Sottocenere al tartufo[83]
Spalèm – Lombardy
Spessa – Trentino
Spress – Piedmont
Spressa delle Giudicarie – DOP – Trentino
Squacquerone di Romagna DOP – Emilia-Romagna
Squarquaglione dei Monti Lepini
Sta'el
Stagionato de Vaise
Stella di mare
Stelvio or Stilfser – DOP
Sterzinger – South Tyrol
Stintino di Luino

text: Stracchino

text:
Stracchino della Valsassina
Stracchino di bufala
Stracchino di Nesso
Stracchino nostrano di Monte Bronzone
Stracchino orobico
Stracchino tipico – Lombardy
Stracchino toscano – Tuscany

text:
Stracciata
Stracciatella di bufala[40]
Strachet – Lombardy
Strachitunt
Stracòn
Strica

text: T[edit]

text:
Tabor – Province of Trieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia
Taburet
Taleggio – DOP – Lombardy, Veneto and Piedmont

text:
Taleggio bergamasco
Taleggio mandello lario

text:
Tella Alto Adige – South Tyrol
Tendaio – semi-soft cows milk cheese made in Castiglione di Garfagnana, Tuscany, with ancient origins
Testùn – Piedmont

text: Testùn ciuc

text: Tipo

text:
Tipo dolce – Lombardy
Tipo fresco – Piedmont
Tipo malga friulano – Friuli Venezia Giulia
Tipo stagionato – Piedmont

text:
Tirabuscion
Tirolese – South Tyrol
Toblach or Toblacher Stangenkäse – South Tyrol (see Dobbiaco[14])
Toma

text:
Toma Ajgra – from the Valsesia in the Province of Vercelli, Piedmont[84]
Toma alpigiana
Toma of Basilicata[85][86]
Toma biellese – made with milk from the Pezzata Rossa d’Oropa cattle breed in the Province of Biella, Piedmont[87]
Toma brusca – Piedmont
Toma del bot[88]
Toma del lait brusc (or Formag lait brusc) – cows’ milk cheese from the Susa Valley, Piedmont[30][89]
Toma del Maccagno – cows’ milk cheese from the Biellese, Piedmont[90]
Toma del Mottarone
Toma del Pastore
Toma della Valle di Susa – cows’ milk cheese from the Province of Turin, Piedmont[91]
Toma della Valle Stura – Province of Cuneo, Piedmont[92]
Toma della Valsesia – Province of Vercelli, Piedmont[93]
Toma di Balme – Piedmont[88]
Toma di Boves – Piedmont[88]
Toma di capra – Piedmont and Lombardy.[88]

text:
Toma di capra d'alpeggio
Toma di capra Crava [94]

text:
Toma di Celle – from the area around Celle Macra in the Valle Maira, Piedmont[95]
Toma di Elva (synonym for Casale de Elva)
Gressoney Toma (French: Tomme de Gressoney, TTitsch: Kesch) – Lys Valley, Aosta Valley; a Toma made with cows’ milk in the Alpine summer pastures of the Lys Valley[96][97]
Toma di Lanzo – Piedmont[88]
Toma di Mendatica – from the upper Valle Arroscia, the Val Roja, and the Valle Impera[98]
Toma ossolana – Piedmont

text:
Toma ossolana al prunent
Toma ossolana d'alpeggio
Toma ossolana di casa

text:
Toma ovicaprina
Toma di Pragelato – Piedmont
Toma di Valgrisenche (French: Tomme de Valgrisenche) – Valgrisenche, Aosta Valley[99]
Toma lucana – Basilicata
Toma piemontese – DOP cheese from Piedmont produced in the provinces of Novara, Verbania, Vercelli, Biella, Turin and Cuneo and in parts of the provinces of Asti and Alessandria[30][100]
Toma Valle Pelice

text:
Tombea – Lombardy
Tometta – Piedmont

text:
Tometta al barolo
Tometta di Barge
Tometta Monte Ciuc
Tometta Valle Elvo

text:
Tometto (Tumet)
Tomini di Bollengo e del Talucco – Piedmont
Tomino – Piedmont

text:
Tomino canavesano asciutto
Tomino canavesano fresco
Tomino da padella
Tomino del bec
Tomino del boscaiolo
Tomino del bot
Tomino del mel
Tomino del Talucco[101]
Tomino delle Valli Saluzzesi
Tomino di Andrate
Tomino di Bosconero
Tomino di Casalborgone
Tomino di Rivalta
Tomino di San Giacomo di Boves
Tomino di Saronsella (Chivassotto)
Tomino di Sordevolo
Tomino di Talucco – Piedmont[30]
Tomino "Montoso"

text: Torta (cheese)

text:
Torta orobica
Torta mascarpone

text:
Toscanello
Tosela – Trentino

text: Tosèla del Primiero – Trentino[14]

text:
Toumin dal mel – Piedmont
Tre Valli – Province of Pordenone, Friuli Venezia Giulia
Treccia

text:
Treccia dura – Basilicata
Treccia dei Cerviati e Centaurino – Campania

text:
Trifulin – Langhe, Piedmont
Trizza
Tronchetto

text:
Tronchetto alpino
Tronchetto di capra
Tronchetto stagionato

text:
Trugole
Tuma – Piedmont

text:
Tuma 'd Trausela – Piedmont[30]
Tuma di Celle
Tuma di langa sotto vetro
Tuma sicula

text: Tumazzu

text:
Tumazzu di pecura ccu pipi
Tumazzu di piecura
Tumazzu di vacca
Tumazzu di vacca ccu pipi

text:
Tumet di Pralungo – Piedmont
Tumin

text: Tumin del mello

text: Tumo de Caso (synonym for Casale de Elva)

text: U[edit]

text: Ubriaco – Veneto [102]

text: Ubriaco al traminer di capra

text: Uova di bufala (See Bocconcini)[40]

text: V[edit]

text:
Vaciarin
Val Brandet – Lombardy
Valcasotto – Piedmont
Valle d'Aosta Fromadzo or Vallée d'Aoste Fromadzo – DOP – Aosta Valley
Valligiano
Valsevia ubriaca
Valtellina casera – DOP – Lombardy
Vastedda

text:
Vastedda della Valle del Belice
Vastedda palermitana – Province of Palermo, Sicily

text: Vézzena – Trentino[14]

text: Z[edit]

text:
Ziegenkäse (see Algunder Ziegenkäse) - South Tyrol
Ziger – South Tyrol[103]
Zigercäse (synonym for Ziger)
Zighera – Trentino; a smoked cheese made in the mountains of Pinetano and the area of Valfloriana[104]
Zincarlin
Zumelle – Veneto[105]
Zufi – Piedmont; a fermented ricotta, somewhat related to Brös, made in Val Formazza, province of Novara[106]
Zuvi (synonym for Zufi.)

text:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
Z
External links


document_title: Home Run Derby

question_text: when did ken griffey jr won the homerun derby

question_tokens: when did ken griffey jr won the homerun derby

text: Home Run Derby

text: History[edit]

text: The event has grown significantly from its roots in the 1980s, when it was not televised. Prior to 1991, the Home Run Derby was structured as a two-inning event with each player receiving five outs per inning, allowing for the possibility of ties. It is now one of the most-watched events broadcast on ESPN.[1][2][3]

text: In 2000, a "match play"-style format was instituted for the second round. The player with the most home runs in the first round faced the player with the least among the four qualifying players, as did the players with the second- and third-most totals. The contestant who won each matchup advanced to the finals. This format was discontinued after the 2003 competition.

text: The field of players selected currently consists of four American League players and four National League players. The first Derby in 1985 featured five from each league, and the 1986 and 1987 events featured three and two players from each league, respectively. In 1996, the field was again expanded to ten players, five from each league (though in 1997, the AL had six contestants to the NL's four).

text: In 2000, the field reverted to the current four-player-per-league format. The only exception was 2005, when Major League Baseball changed the selection criteria with eight players representing their home countries rather than their respective leagues. The change was believed to be in promotion of the inaugural World Baseball Classic, played in March 2006.[citation needed] In 2006, the selection of four players from each league resumed. In 2011, the format was revised so that team captains selected the individual sides.[citation needed]

text: Some notable performances in the Derby include Bobby Abreu in 2005, who won the Derby with a then-record 41 homers, including a then-record 24 in the first round. The first-round record was broken in 2008 by Josh Hamilton, who hit 28 home runs. Though Hamilton's performance was notable for the length of his home runs,[citation needed] he ultimately lost to Justin Morneau in a brief final round. The overall record was broken in 2016 by Giancarlo Stanton, who finished with a total of 61 home runs, defeating Todd Frazier in the final round. Only two participants, Yoenis Céspedes and Giancarlo Stanton, have won the Home Run Derby without being selected to the All-Star game itself.[4]

text: Overview[edit]

text: Format[edit]

text: The format has varied since the Home Run Derby started in 1985.

text: In the early years of the Home Run Derby, 4-10 players from both the AL and NL were selected to participate. Each player was given 2 "innings" to hit as many home runs as possible before reaching 5 outs. For the derby, an out is defined as any swing that is not a home run. The winner of the contest was the player with the most total home runs in the two innings.

text: Beginning in 1991, the format changed to a 3-round contest. From 1991–2006, 8-10 players were selected and hit as many home runs as possible before reaching 10 outs in each round. The tally reset for each round, with the top four advancing to the second round, and the top two advancing to the final.

text: In honor of the World Baseball Classic, the 2005 contest featured eight players from different countries. The format remained the same.

text: The format changed slightly in 2006. Instead of the tally resetting for each round, it was only reset before the final round. Therefore, the players with the four highest totals after Round 1 advanced to Round 2, and the players with the two highest sum of Round 1 and 2 advanced to the finals.

text: The Home Run Derby format was changed significantly in 2014, as MLB sought to speed-up the contest and increase the drama. In the new bracket format, five players from each league faced the other players in their league in Round 1, with each players having seven "outs." The player in each league with the highest Round 1 total received a second-round bye, and the players with the second- and third-highest Round 1 totals from each league faced off. The Round 2 winner from each league faced the Round 1 winner, and the Round 3 winner crowned the league winner. The final featured the winner of each league. Each round stands alone, with the score reset for each round.[5] Ties in any round are broken by a 3-swing swing-off. If the players remain tied, the players engage in a sudden-death swing-off until one player homers.[6]

text: Since 2015[edit]

text: The format was changed once again in 2015. The most significant change was the elimination of "outs", which was replaced by a time limit. Eight players are seeded based on their season home run totals and are given five minutes to hit as many home runs as possible. The winner of each head-to-head matchup advances, until a final winner is determined. If a tie occurs in any match-up, three sets of tiebreakers are employed: first, a 90-second swing-off decides the winner; second, best-of-3-swing swing-off; thereafter, sudden-death swingoffs until a winner is determined. Further, a player can get "bonus time" in the last minute of each round. During that time, the clock stops for each home run, and doesn't restart until a swing does not result in a home run. Additional bonus time could be earned for distance. Players who hit at least two home runs measuring at least 420 feet (128.0 m) are given an extra minute of bonus time. An additional 30 seconds of bonus time is granted if at least one home run measures over 475 feet (144.8 m).[7]

text: Weather concerns in 2015 lead to a reduction in time from five minutes per round to four minutes. The clock was not stopped in the final minute, and bonus time was only granted for hitting two home runs of over 425 feet (129.5 m).[8]

text: The format was tweaked slightly in 2016. The four-minute round length returned, while the minute of bonus time was changed to 30 seconds and required two home runs of 440 feet (134.1 m) or longer. The additional time was removed, while the swing-off (which was not required) was reduced to one minute.[9] Each batter is allowed one time-out during each round, and two in the finals.

text: By 2017 the first tie-breaker was restored back to 90 seconds.

text: Gold balls[edit]

text: From 2005–2013, a gold ball has been used once a player reaches nine outs (in 2014 when the T-Mobile Ball came into play, six; since 2015, during the final minute). If a batter hit a home run using the golden ball, Century 21 Real Estate and Major League Baseball would donate $21,000 (a reference to the "21" in "Century 21") per home run to charity (MLB donated to the Boys and Girls Clubs of America, and Century 21 donated to Easter Seals). In both 2005 and 2006, $294,000 was raised for the charities, equaling fourteen golden ball home runs per year. State Farm continued this in 2007 as they designated $17,000 per home run (one dollar for each of State Farm's agencies), to the Boys and Girls Clubs of America. In the 2007 event, fifteen golden balls were hit for a donation of $255,000, and ten ($170,000) were hit in the 2008 event. For 2009, State Farm added $5,000 for all non-Gold Ball homers, and $517,000 was collected. For 2010, the non-Gold Ball homer was reduced to $3,000 per home run and a total of $453,000 was collected. Since 2014 any homer hit off a T-Mobile Ball resulted in a $10,000 donation to charity by T-Mobile and MLB, to Team Rubicon.

text: Television and radio coverage[edit]

text: On July 11, 1988, the day before the Major League Baseball All-Star Game from Cincinnati, TBS televised the annual All-Star Gala[10] from the Cincinnati Zoo. Larry King hosted the broadcast with Craig Sager and Pete Van Wieren handling interviews. The broadcast's big draw would've been the Home Run Derby, which TBS intended on taping during the afternoon, and later airing it in prime time during the Gala coverage. Unfortunately, the derby and a skills competition were canceled due to rain.

text: The derby was first nationally televised by ESPN in 1993 on a same-day delayed basis,[11] with the first live telecast in 1998. Although two hours are scheduled in programming listings for the telecast, it has rarely ever been contained to the timeslot and consistently runs three to four hours. Chris Berman has gained notoriety for his annual hosting duties on ESPN, including his catchphrase, "Back back back…Gone!". Berman starts this phrase when the ball is hit, and does not say "Gone!" until the ball lands.

text: The 2008 Derby was the year's most highly rated basic cable program.[12]

text: Because of the game's TV popularity, invited players have felt pressure to participate. Notably, Ken Griffey Jr. initially quietly declined to take part in 1998, partly due to ESPN scheduling the Mariners in their late Sunday game the night before. After a discussion with ESPN's Joe Morgan and another with Hall of Famer Frank Robinson, Griffey changed his mind, and then won the Derby at Coors Field.[13]

text: In Spanish, the event is televised on Spanish language network ESPN Deportes.[14]

text: ESPN Radio also carries the event annually.[15]

text: Most watched Home Run Derbys[edit]

text:
Rank
Year
Winner
Ballpark
Viewers (millions)[16]

1

2008

Justin Morneau

Yankee Stadium

9.1

2

2017

Aaron Judge

Marlins Park

8.6

3

2009

Prince Fielder

Busch Stadium

8.3

4

2004

Miguel Tejada

Minute Maid Park

7.7

5

2002

Jason Giambi

Miller Park

7.7

6

2015

Todd Frazier

Great American Ball Park

7.1

7

2012

Prince Fielder

Kauffman Stadium

6.9

8

2007

Vladimir Guerrero

AT&T Park

6.8

9

2006

Ryan Howard

PNC Park

6.8

10

2013

Yoenis Céspedes

Citi Field

6.7

tag: table

text: Winners[edit]

text:
Key

^

Indicates multiple winners in the same year

Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame

text:
Year

Winner

Team

League

Stadium

1985

Dave Parker

Cincinnati Reds
NL

Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (MIN)

1986^

Wally Joyner

California Angels
AL

Astrodome (HOU)

Darryl Strawberry

New York Mets
NL

1987

Andre Dawson

Chicago Cubs
NL

Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum (OAK)

1988

Cancelled due to rain

1989

Eric Davis

Cincinnati Reds
NL

Anaheim Stadium (CAL)

1990

Ryne Sandberg

Chicago Cubs
NL

Wrigley Field (CHC)

1991

Cal Ripken Jr.

Baltimore Orioles
AL

SkyDome (TOR)

1992

Mark McGwire

Oakland Athletics
AL

Jack Murphy Stadium (SD)

1993

Juan González

Texas Rangers
AL

Oriole Park at Camden Yards (BAL)

1994

Ken Griffey Jr. (1)

Seattle Mariners
AL

Three Rivers Stadium (PIT)

1995

Frank Thomas

Chicago White Sox
AL

The Ballpark in Arlington (TEX)

1996

Barry Bonds

San Francisco Giants
NL

Veterans Stadium (PHI)

1997

Tino Martinez

New York Yankees
AL

Jacobs Field (CLE)

1998

Ken Griffey Jr. (2)

Seattle Mariners
AL

Coors Field (COL)

1999

Ken Griffey Jr. (3)

Seattle Mariners
AL

Fenway Park (BOS)

2000

Sammy Sosa

Chicago Cubs
NL

Turner Field (ATL)

2001

Luis Gonzalez

Arizona Diamondbacks
NL

Safeco Field (SEA)

2002

Jason Giambi

New York Yankees
AL

Miller Park (MIL)

2003

Garret Anderson

Anaheim Angels
AL

U.S. Cellular Field (CHW)

2004

Miguel Tejada

Baltimore Orioles
AL

Minute Maid Park (HOU)

2005

Bobby Abreu

Philadelphia Phillies
NL

Comerica Park (DET)

2006

Ryan Howard

Philadelphia Phillies
NL

PNC Park (PIT)

2007

Vladimir Guerrero

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
AL

AT&T Park (SF)

2008

Justin Morneau

Minnesota Twins
AL

Yankee Stadium (NYY)

2009

Prince Fielder (1)

Milwaukee Brewers
NL

Busch Stadium (STL)

2010

David Ortiz

Boston Red Sox
AL

Angel Stadium of Anaheim (LAA)

2011

Robinson Canó

New York Yankees
AL

Chase Field (ARI)

2012

Prince Fielder (2)

Detroit Tigers
AL

Kauffman Stadium (KC)

2013

Yoenis Céspedes (1)

Oakland Athletics
AL

Citi Field (NYM)

2014

Yoenis Céspedes (2)

Oakland Athletics
AL

Target Field (MIN)

2015

Todd Frazier

Cincinnati Reds
NL

Great American Ball Park (CIN)

2016

Giancarlo Stanton

Miami Marlins
NL

Petco Park (SD)

2017

Aaron Judge

 New York Yankees
 AL

Marlins Park (MIA)

2018

Bryce Harper

Washington Nationals
NL

Nationals Park (WAS)

text: Records[edit]

text: Most home runs in a single round[edit]

text:
Josh Hamilton (2008 First Round) – 28
Bobby Abreu (2005 First Round), Giancarlo Stanton (2016 First Round) – 24
Aaron Judge (2017 First Round) – 23
Justin Bour (2017 First Round) – 22
Kyle Schwarber (2018 Second Round) – 21

tag: ol

text: Most single-derby home runs[edit]

text: Note: these numbers exclude swingoffs.

text:
Giancarlo Stanton (2016) – 61
Kyle Schwarber (2018) – 55
Aaron Judge (2017) – 47
Bryce Harper (2018) – 45
Todd Frazier (2016) – 42
Bobby Abreu (2005) – 41
Joc Pederson (2015), Todd Frazier (2015) – 39
Rhys Hoskins (2018) – 37
Josh Hamilton (2008) – 35
David Ortiz (2010), Robinson Canó (2011), Yoenis Céspedes (2013), Miguel Sanó (2017) – 32

text: Most all-time home runs[edit]

text: Note: these numbers exclude swingoffs.

text:
Todd Frazier – 91
Giancarlo Stanton – 83
Prince Fielder – 81
David Ortiz – 77
Albert Pujols – 71
Ken Griffey Jr. – 70
Bryce Harper – 69
Jason Giambi – 67
Sammy Sosa – 65
Yoenis Céspedes – 60

text: Wins by team[edit]

text:
Rank

Team

Wins

Years

1

New York Yankees

4

1997, 2002, 2011, 2017

2

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

3

1986*, 2003, 2007

Oakland Athletics

3

1992, 2013, 2014

Chicago Cubs

3

1987, 1990, 2000

Seattle Mariners

3

1994, 1998, 1999

Cincinnati Reds

3

1985, 1989, 2015

3

Baltimore Orioles

2

1991, 2004

Philadelphia Phillies

2

2005, 2006

4

New York Mets

1

1986*

Texas Rangers

1

1993

Chicago White Sox

1

1995

San Francisco Giants

1

1996

Arizona Diamondbacks

1

2001

Minnesota Twins

1

2008

Milwaukee Brewers

1

2009

Boston Red Sox

1

2010

Detroit Tigers

1

2012

Miami Marlins

1

2016

Washington Nationals

1

2018

5

Atlanta Braves

0

Cleveland Indians

0

Colorado Rockies

0

Houston Astros

0

Kansas City Royals

0

Los Angeles Dodgers

0

Pittsburgh Pirates

0

St. Louis Cardinals

0

San Diego Padres

0

Tampa Bay Rays

0

Toronto Blue Jays

0

text: Complete scoreboard[edit]

text:
Key

Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame

text:
The Metrodome, Minneapolis—A.L. 17, N.L. 16

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Jim Rice
Boston
4

Eddie Murray
Baltimore
4

Carlton Fisk
Chicago
4

Tom Brunansky
Minnesota
4

Cal Ripken Jr.
Baltimore
1

National League

Dave Parker
Cincinnati
6

Dale Murphy
Atlanta
4

Steve Garvey
San Diego
2

Ryne Sandberg
Chicago
2

Jack Clark
St. Louis
2

text:
Astrodome, Houston—N.L. 8, A.L. 7

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Wally Joyner
California
4

Jesse Barfield
Toronto
2

Jose Canseco
Oakland
1

National League

Darryl Strawberry
New York
4

Dave Parker
Cincinnati
3

Hubie Brooks
Montreal
1

text:
Oakland Coliseum, Oakland—N.L. 6, A.L. 2

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

George Bell
Toronto
1

Mark McGwire
Oakland
1

National League

Andre Dawson
Chicago
4

Ozzie Virgil Jr.
Atlanta
2

text: Home Run Derby canceled due to rain.

text:
Anaheim Stadium, Anaheim—N.L. 9, A.L. 5

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Rubén Sierra
Texas
3

Mickey Tettleton
Baltimore
1

Bo Jackson
Kansas City
1

Gary Gaetti
Minnesota
0

National League

Eric Davis
Cincinnati
3

Glenn Davis
Houston
2

Howard Johnson
New York
2

Kevin Mitchell
San Francisco
2

text:
Wrigley Field, Chicago—N.L. 4, A.L. 1

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Mark McGwire
Oakland
1

Ken Griffey Jr.
Seattle
0

Jose Canseco
Oakland
0

Cecil Fielder
Detroit
0

National League

Ryne Sandberg
Chicago
3

Matt Williams
San Francisco
1

Bobby Bonilla
Pittsburgh
0

Darryl Strawberry
New York
0

text:
SkyDome, Toronto—A.L. 20, N.L. 7

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Cal Ripken Jr.
Baltimore
12

Cecil Fielder
Detroit
4

Joe Carter
Toronto
2

Danny Tartabull
Kansas City
2

National League

Paul O'Neill
Cincinnati
5

George Bell
Chicago
2

Chris Sabo
Cincinnati
0

Howard Johnson
New York
0

text:
Jack Murphy Stadium, San Diego—A.L. 27, N.L. 13

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Mark McGwire
Oakland
12

Ken Griffey Jr.
Seattle
7

Joe Carter
Toronto
4

Cal Ripken Jr.
Baltimore
4

National League

Larry Walker
Montreal
4

Gary Sheffield
San Diego
4

Fred McGriff
San Diego
3

Barry Bonds
Pittsburgh
2

text:
Camden Yards, Baltimore—A.L. 20, N.L. 12

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Juan González
Texas
7

Ken Griffey Jr.
Seattle
7 *

Cecil Fielder
Detroit
4

Albert Belle
Cleveland
3

National League

Barry Bonds
San Francisco
5

Bobby Bonilla
New York
5

David Justice
Atlanta
2

Mike Piazza
Los Angeles
0

text: * Lost in playoff to Gonzalez

text:
Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh—A.L. 17, N.L. 11

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Ken Griffey Jr.
Seattle
7

Rubén Sierra
Oakland
4

Frank Thomas
Chicago
4

Albert Belle
Cleveland
2

National League

Fred McGriff
Atlanta
5

Jeff Bagwell
Houston
3

Dante Bichette
Colorado
3

Mike Piazza
Los Angeles
0

text:
The Ballpark in Arlington, Arlington—A.L. 40, N.L. 12

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Frank Thomas
Chicago
15  *

Albert Belle
Cleveland
16

Mo Vaughn
Boston
6

Manny Ramirez
Cleveland
3

National League

Ron Gant
Cincinnati
3

Sammy Sosa
Chicago
2

Reggie Sanders
Cincinnati
2

Raúl Mondesí
Los Angeles
2

text: * Beat Belle in finals

text:
Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia—A.L. 36, N.L. 23

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Mark McGwire
Oakland
15

Brady Anderson
Baltimore
11

Jay Buhner
Seattle
8

Joe Carter
Toronto
2

Greg Vaughn
Milwaukee
0

National League

Barry Bonds
San Francisco
17

Henry Rodríguez
Montreal
3

Jeff Bagwell
Houston
2

Ellis Burks
Colorado
1

Gary Sheffield
Florida
0

text:
Jacobs Field, Cleveland—A.L. 32, N.L. 29

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Tino Martinez
New York
16 *

Mark McGwire
Oakland
7

Brady Anderson
Baltimore
4

Ken Griffey Jr.
Seattle
3

Nomar Garciaparra
Boston
0

Jim Thome
Cleveland
0

National League

Larry Walker
Colorado
19

Jeff Bagwell
Houston
5

Chipper Jones
Atlanta
3

Ray Lankford
St. Louis
2

text: * Beat Walker in finals

text:
Coors Field, Denver—A.L. 53, N.L. 29

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Ken Griffey Jr.
Seattle
19

Rafael Palmeiro
Baltimore
10

Jim Thome
Cleveland
17

Alex Rodriguez
Seattle
5

Damion Easley
Detroit
2

National League

Vinny Castilla
Colorado
12

Moisés Alou
Houston
7

Javy López
Atlanta
5

Mark McGwire
St. Louis
4

Chipper Jones
Atlanta
1

text:
Fenway Park, Boston—N.L. 39, A.L. 23

Player
Team
Home runs

American League

Ken Griffey Jr.
Seattle
16

Nomar Garciaparra
Boston
2

B. J. Surhoff
Baltimore
2

Shawn Green
Toronto
2

John Jaha
Oakland
1

National League

Jeromy Burnitz
Milwaukee
14

Mark McGwire
St. Louis
16 *

Jeff Bagwell
Houston
6

Larry Walker
Colorado
2

Sammy Sosa
Chicago
1

text: * Lost to Burnitz in round 2

text:
Turner Field, Atlanta—N.L. 41, A.L. 21

Player
Team
Round 1
Semis
Finals
Total

Sammy Sosa
Cubs
6
11
9
26

Ken Griffey Jr.
Reds
6
3
2
11

Carl Everett
Red Sox
6
6
–
12

Carlos Delgado
Blue Jays
5
1
–
6

Edgar Martínez
Mariners
2
–
–
2

Chipper Jones
Braves
2
–
–
2

Vladimir Guerrero
Expos
2
–
–
2

Iván Rodríguez
Rangers
1
–
–
1

text:
Semifinals
Finals
      1
Ken Griffey Jr.
3
4
Carlos Delgado
1
1
Ken Griffey Jr.
2

3
Sammy Sosa
9
2
Carl Everett
6
3
Sammy Sosa
11

text:
Safeco Field, Seattle—N.L. 41, A.L. 25

Player
Team
Round 1
Semis
Finals
Totals

Luis Gonzalez
Diamondbacks
5
5
6
16

Sammy Sosa
Cubs
3
8
2
13

Jason Giambi
Athletics
14
6
–
20

Barry Bonds
Giants
7
3
–
10

Bret Boone
Mariners
3
–
–
3

Todd Helton
Rockies
2
–
–
2

Alex Rodriguez
Rangers
2
–
–
2

Troy Glaus
Angels
0
–
–
0

text:
Semifinals
Finals
      1
Jason Giambi
6
4
Sammy Sosa
8
4
Sammy Sosa
2

3
Luis Gonzalez
6
2
Barry Bonds
3
3
Luis Gonzalez
5

text:
Miller Park, Milwaukee—A.L. 42, N.L. 31

Player
Team
Round 1
Semis
Finals
Totals

Jason Giambi
Yankees
11
6
7
24

Sammy Sosa
Cubs
12
5
1
18

Paul Konerko
White Sox
6
6
–
12

Richie Sexson
Brewers
6
4
–
10

Torii Hunter
Twins
3
–
–
3

Barry Bonds
Giants
2
–
–
2

Alex Rodriguez
Rangers
2
–
–
2

Lance Berkman
Astros
1
–
–
1

text:
Semifinals
Finals
      1
Sammy Sosa
5
4
Richie Sexson
4
1
Jason Giambi
7

2
Sammy Sosa
1
2
Jason Giambi
7
3
Paul Konerko
6

text: * Giambi defeated Konerko in a swing off

text:
U.S. Cellular Field, Chicago—A.L. 47, N.L. 39

Player
Team
Round 1
Semis
Finals
Total

Garret Anderson
Angels
7
6
9
22

Albert Pujols
Cardinals
4
14
8
26

Jason Giambi
Yankees
12
11
–
23

Jim Edmonds
Cardinals
4
4
–
8

Gary Sheffield
Braves
4
–
–
4

Carlos Delgado
Blue Jays
2
–
–
3

Richie Sexson
Brewers
1
–
–
1

Bret Boone
Mariners
0
–
–
0

text:
Semifinals
Finals
      1
Jason Giambi
11
4
Albert Pujols
14
4
Albert Pujols
8

2
Garret Anderson
9
2
Garret Anderson
6
3
Jim Edmonds
4

text:
Minute Maid Park, Houston—A.L. 47, N.L. 41

Player
Team
Round 1
Semis
Finals
Total

Miguel Tejada
Orioles
7
15
5
27

Lance Berkman
Astros
7
10
4
21

Rafael Palmeiro
Orioles
9
5
–
14

Barry Bonds
Giants
8
3
–
11

Sammy Sosa
Cubs
5
–
–
5

Jim Thome
Phillies
4
–
–
4

Hank Blalock
Rangers
3
–
–
3

David Ortiz
Red Sox
3
–
–
3

text:
Comerica Park, Detroit—N.L. 66, A.L. 42

Player
Home Country
Team
Round 1
Semis
Finals
Totals

Bobby Abreu
Venezuela
Phillies
24
6
11
41*

Iván Rodríguez
Puerto Rico
Tigers
7
8
5
20

David Ortiz
Dominican Republic
Red Sox
17
3
–
20

Carlos Lee
Panama
Brewers
11
4
–
15

Hee-seop Choi
South Korea
Dodgers
5
–
–
5

Andruw Jones
Netherlands
Braves
5
–
–
5

Mark Teixeira
USA
Rangers
2
–
–
2

Jason Bay
Canada
Pirates
0
–
–
0

text: * Total rounds record.

text:
PNC Park, Pittsburgh—N.L. 62, A.L. 24

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Subtotal
Finals
Total

Ryan Howard
Phillies
8
10
18
5
23

David Wright
Mets
16
2
18
4
22

Miguel Cabrera
Marlins
9
6
15
–
15

David Ortiz
Red Sox
10
3
13
–
13

Jermaine Dye
White Sox
7
–
7
–
7

Lance Berkman
Astros
3
–
3
–
3

Miguel Tejada
Orioles
3
–
3
–
3

Troy Glaus
Blue Jays
1
–
1
–
1

text:
AT&T Park, San Francisco—A.L. 42, N.L. 32

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Subtotal
Finals
Total

Vladimir Guerrero
Angels
5
9
14
3a
17

Alex Ríos
Blue Jays
5
12
17
2
19

Matt Holliday
Rockies
5
8
13
–
13

Albert Pujols
Cardinals
4 (2)
9
13
–
13

Justin Morneau
Twins
4 (1)
–
4
–
4

Prince Fielder
Brewers
3
–
3
–
3

Ryan Howard
Phillies
3
–
3
–
3

Magglio Ordóñez
Tigers
2
–
2
–
2

text:
Notes:
^a Recorded only seven of ten outs before hitting winning home run.
Italicized numbers denote swing-offs.

text:
Yankee Stadium, New York—A.L. 66, N.L. 39

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Subtotal
Finals
Total

Justin Morneau
Twins
8
9
17
5
22

Josh Hamilton
Rangers
28a
4b
32
3
35

Lance Berkman
Astros
8
6
14
–
14

Ryan Braun
Brewers
7
7
14
–
14

Dan Uggla
Marlins
6
–
6
–
6

Grady Sizemore
Indians
6
–
6
–
6

Chase Utley
Phillies
5
–
5
–
5

Evan Longoria
Rays
3
–
3
–
3

text:
Notes:
^a New single round record.
^b Voluntarily ended round with four outs.

text:
Busch Stadium, St. Louis—N.L. 51, A.L. 31

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Subtotal
Finals
Total

Prince Fielder
Brewers
11
6
17
6
23

Nelson Cruz
Rangers
11
5
16
5
21

Ryan Howard
Phillies
7
8
15
–
15

Albert Pujols
Cardinals
5 (2)
6
11
–
11

Carlos Peña
Rays
5 (1)
–
5
–
5

Joe Mauer
Twins
5 (0)
–
5
–
5

Adrian Gonzalez
Padres
2
–
2
–
2

Brandon Inge
Tigers
0
–
0
–
0

text:
Notes:
Italicized numbers denote swing-offs.

text:
Angel Stadium of Anaheim, Anaheim—A.L. 50, N.L. 45

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Subtotal
Finals
Total

David Ortiz
Red Sox
8
13
21
11
32

Hanley Ramírez
Marlins
9
12
21
5
26

Corey Hart
Brewers
13
0
13
–
13

Miguel Cabrera
Tigers
7
5
12
–
12

Matt Holliday
Cardinals
5
–
5
–
5

Nick Swisher
Yankees
4
–
4
–
4

Vernon Wells
Blue Jays
2
–
2
–
2

Chris Young
Diamondbacks
1
–
1
–
1

text:
Chase Field, Phoenix—A.L. 76, N.L. 19

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Subtotal
Finals
Total

Robinson Canó
Yankees
8
12
20
12
32

Adrian Gonzalez
Red Sox
9
11
20
11
31

Prince Fielder
Brewers
5 (5)
4
9
–
9

David Ortiz
Red Sox
5 (4)
4
9
–
9

Matt Holliday
Cardinals
5 (2)
–
5
–
5

José Bautista
Blue Jays
4
–
4
–
4

Rickie Weeks Jr.
Brewers
3
–
3
–
3

Matt Kemp
Dodgers
2
–
2
–
2

text:
Kauffman Stadium, Kansas City—A.L. 61, N.L. 21

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Subtotal
Finals
Total

Prince Fielder
Tigers
5
11
16
12
28

José Bautista
Blue Jays
11
2
13 (2)
7
20

Mark Trumbo
Angels
7
6
13 (1)
—
13

Carlos Beltrán
Cardinals
7
5
12
—
12

Carlos González
Rockies
4
—
4
—
4

Andrew McCutchen
Pirates
4
—
4
—
4

Matt Kemp
Dodgers
1
—
1
—
1

Robinson Canó
Yankees
0
—
0
—
0

text:
Citi Field, New York—A.L. 53, N.L. 50

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Subtotal
Finals
Total

Yoenis Céspedes
Athletics
17
6
23
9a
32

Bryce Harper
Nationals
8
8
16
8
24

Michael Cuddyer
Rockies
7
8
15
—
15

Chris Davis
Orioles
8
4
12
—
12

Pedro Álvarez
Pirates
6
—
6
—
6

Prince Fielder
Tigers
5
—
5
—
5

David Wright
Mets
5
—
5
—
5

Robinson Canó
Yankees
4
—
4
—
4

text:
Note:
^a Recorded only five of ten outs before hitting winning home run.

text:
Target Field, Minneapolis — A.L. 54, N.L. 24

American League

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Finals
Total

Yoenis Céspedes
Athletics
3 (2)
9
7
9
28

José Bautista
Blue Jays
10
*
4
−
14

Adam Jones
Orioles
4
3
−
−
7

Josh Donaldson
Athletics
3 (1)
−
−
−
3

Brian Dozier
Twins
2
−
−
−
2

National League

Player
Team
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Finals
Total

Todd Frazier
Reds
2 (1)
6
1
1
10

Giancarlo Stanton
Marlins
6
*
0
−
6

Troy Tulowitzki
Rockies
4
2
−
−
6

Justin Morneau
Rockies
2 (0)
−
−
−
2

Yasiel Puig
Dodgers
0
−
−
−
0

text:
* designates bye round.
(designates swing off home runs).

text:
Round 2

Round 3 (Semifinals)

Finals

American League

1

José Bautista

4

2

Adam Jones

3

3

Yoenis Céspedes

7

3

Yoenis Céspedes

9

3

Yoenis Céspedes

9

3

Todd Frazier

1

National League

1

Giancarlo Stanton

0

2

Troy Tulowitzki

2

3

Todd Frazier

1

3

Todd Frazier

6

text: 2015 Great American Ball Park (Cincinnati)[edit]

text:
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
         1
Albert Pujols (LAA)
10
8
Kris Bryant (CHC)
9
1
Albert Pujols
11

4
Joc Pederson
12
4
Joc Pederson (LAD)
13
5
Manny Machado (BAL)
12
4
Joc Pederson
14

2
Todd Frazier
15
3
Josh Donaldson (TOR)
9
6
Anthony Rizzo (CHC)
8
3
Josh Donaldson
9

2
Todd Frazier
10
2
Todd Frazier (CIN)
14
7
Prince Fielder (TEX)
13

text: 2016 Petco Park (San Diego)[edit]

text:
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
         1
Mark Trumbo (BAL)
16
8
Corey Seager (LAD)
15
1
Mark Trumbo
14

5
Giancarlo Stanton
17
4
Robinson Canó (SEA)
7
5
Giancarlo Stanton (MIA)
24
5
Giancarlo Stanton
20

2
Todd Frazier
13
3
Adam Duvall (CIN)
11
6
Wil Myers (SD)
10
3
Adam Duvall
15

2
Todd Frazier
16
2
Todd Frazier (CWS)
13
7
Carlos González (COL)
12

text: 2017 Marlins Park (Miami)[edit]

text:
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
         1
Giancarlo Stanton (MIA)
16
8
Gary Sánchez (NYY)
17
8
Gary Sánchez
10

5
Miguel Sanó
11
4
Mike Moustakas (KC)
10
5
Miguel Sanó (MIN)
11
5
Miguel Sanó
10

2
Aaron Judge
11
3
Cody Bellinger (LAD)
15
6
Charlie Blackmon (COL)
14
3
Cody Bellinger
12

2
Aaron Judge
13
2
Aaron Judge (NYY)
23
7
Justin Bour (MIA)
22

text: 2018 Nationals Park (Washington)[edit]

text:
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
         1
Jesús Aguilar (MIL)
12
8
Rhys Hoskins (PHI)
17
8
Rhys Hoskins
20

5
Kyle Schwarber
21
4
Alex Bregman (HOU)
15
5
Kyle Schwarber (CHC)
16
5
Kyle Schwarber
18

2
Bryce Harper
19
3
Max Muncy (LAD)
17
6
Javier Báez (CHC)
16
3
Max Muncy
12

2
Bryce Harper
13
2
Bryce Harper (WAS)
13
7
Freddie Freeman (ATL)
12


document_title: Baby on board

question_text: where does the baby on board sign go

question_tokens: where does the baby on board sign go

text: Baby on board

text: "Baby on board" is the message of a small (usually 12 centimetres or 5 in) sign intended to be placed in the back window of an automobile to caution other drivers that an infant is travelling in the automobile.

text: The intention of the sign is often confused with warning to emergency personnel in case of emergency, as there may be a baby in the vehicle. However, this is historically inaccurate.[1]

text: History and popular use[edit]

text: A version of the sign was found in Germany by Patricia Bradley of Medford, Massachusetts.[2] With her sister Helen she started a company, PHOB, to market them in the US, but had only limited success until partnering with Michael Lerner.

text: Lerner was told about the signs after recounting his experience of aggressive drivers when driving his baby nephew home in busy traffic.[2] An urban legend claims that the death of a baby led to the creation of the signs, but there is no truth to this claim.[3][1]  Lerner eventually bought PHOB for approximately US$150,000, and changed the name to Safety 1st. The company later diversified into infant and child care products.[3]

text: The sign became a ubiquitous fad, flourishing in 1985. Its use in the US rapidly declined in 1986[4] as parody imitations with lines like "Baby I'm Bored", "Pit Bull on board", and "Mother-In-Law in Trunk" became popular,[2] although its popularity continues in the United Kingdom (along with other versions such as "Princess on board" and "Little Person on board"), in Italy and in Japan (usually saying "Baby in Car", with the sign written in either English or Japanese script) well into the 21st century.[citation needed]

text: Despite waning in popularity, the signs have entered the American lexicon. In 1993, The Simpsons episode "Homer's Barbershop Quartet" featured a barbershop quartet tune called "Baby on Board". The song was written by Homer Simpson in a flashback to 1985 when Marge bought a sign, hoping it would stop people from "intentionally ramming our car".

text: Following popular request and trials in 2005,[5] Transport for London (TfL) began issuing badges with the TfL logo and the words "Baby on board!" to pregnant women travelling on the London Underground, to help other passengers identify pregnant commuters who would like to be offered a seat.[6]


document_title: Juan de Fuca Ridge

question_text: average rate of seafloor spreading east of juan de fuca ridge

text: Juan de Fuca Ridge

text: Discovery[edit]

text: The first indications of a submarine ridge off the coast of the Pacific Northwest was discovered by the USS Tuscarora, a United States Navy sloop under the command of George Belknap, in 1874. Surveying a route for an undersea cable between the United States and Japan, the USS Tuscarora discovered a submarine mountain range approximately 200 miles from Cape Flattery, which they did not consider a major discovery because throughout their voyage they found other locations with a larger profile, making the ridge seem insignificant in comparison.[1]

text: Geologic History[edit]

text: The Juan de Fuca Ridge was at one point a part of the larger Pacific-Farallon ridge system. Approximately 30 million years ago, the Farallon Plate, being driven outwards by the Pacific-Farallon ridge, was pushed underneath the North American Plate, splitting what remained into the Juan de Fuca Plate to the North and the Cocos Plate and Nazca Plate to the South.[2][3]

text: Notable Features[edit]

text: Axial Seamount is a submarine volcano located on the ridge at a depth of 1400m below sea level, rising 700m above the average ridge height.[4] Axial is the most active volcano in the northeastern Pacific basin, and an underwater cabled observatory has been installed there as a part of the National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative, making it one of the best studied volcanoes along mid-ocean ridges globally.[4][5]

text: The Endeavour segment in the northern end of the ridge is another active and highly studied region. Sharp chemical and thermal contrasts, high levels of seismic activity, dense biological communities, and unique hydrothermal systems all make the segment a primary focus of research.[6]

text: Some of the most intense and most active Hydrothermal vents are located along the Endeavour segment, with more than 800 individual known chimneys within the ridge's central region, and a total of five major hydrothermal fields along the ridge.[7] These chimneys release large amounts of sulphur-rich minerals into the water, which allow bacteria to oxidize organic compounds and metabolize anaerobically.[8] This allows for a diverse ecosystem of organisms to exist in the low-oxygen conditions near the seafloor around the ridge.

text: Eruptions and Earthquakes[edit]

text: The first documented eruption on the Juan de Fuca Ridge took place on the Cleft segment in 1986 and 1987. Hydrothermal megaplumes indicated a large rifting event, releasing hydrothermal fluids as a result of lavas being extruded from a dike.[9] A majority of the eruptions along the ridge are dike injection events, where molten rock is extruded between cracks in the crust's sheeted dike layer. Typically eruptive events can be predicted, as they are preceded by large earthquake swarms in the region.

text: A significant event took place in June 1993, lasting 24 days at the CoAxial segment. Cruises deployed as a result of the eruption sampled event plumes, cooling lava flows, and discovered microbial communities living on the seafloor around the ridge.[10]

text: In February 1996, an event consisting of 4,093 earthquakes, lasting 34 days was recorded at the Axial Volcano, yielding similar scientific results to the 1993 eruption.[10]

text: In January 1998 an event consisting of 8,247 earthquakes lasted 11 days at Axial Seamount.[10] Lava was released from the caldera of the volcano, flowing down the southern side of the mountain, creating a sheet flow over 3 km long and 800m wide.[11] This was the first time an underwater eruption had been monitored in-situ in real-time.

text: In June 1999, 1,863 earthquakes were recorded over 5 days, and a hydrothermal temperature increase was observed at the Main Endeavour segment.[10]

text: In September 2001, 14,215 earthquakes were detected over a 25-day period in the Middle Valley segment.[10]

text: Researchers at Oregon State University suggested the Axial Seamount had an eruption interval of approximately 16 years, which would place the next major Axial eruption in 2014.[12] In 2011, during a dive on the seamount, new lava flows were discovered and some instruments had been buried in lava flows, indicating the volcano had erupted since the last expedition to the ridge. This is considered the first successful forecast of a seamount eruption. The caldera floor dropped by more than 2 meters after the eruption, and the rate at which it inflates as Axial's magma chamber refills can be used to once again predict the next eruption.[13]

text: Tectonic Activity[edit]

text: The ridge is a medium rate spreading center, moving outwards at a rate of approximately 6 centimeters per year.[14] Tectonic activity along the ridge is monitored primarily with the U.S. Navy's Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) array of hydrophones, allowing for real time detection of earthquakes and eruptive events.[10]

text: The Juan de Fuca Plate is being pushed east underneath the North American Plate, forming what is known as the Cascadia subduction zone off the coast of the Pacific Northwest. The plate does not subduct smoothly and can become 'locked' with the North American plate. When this happens, strain builds up until the contact suddenly slips, triggering massive earthquakes up to or greater than magnitude 9. Major earthquakes along this zone occur on average every 550 years and can have major impacts on the physical structure of the North American continent and seafloor.