document_title: Theater of the United States

question_text: when was the first theatre built in america

text: Theater of the United States

text: Early history[edit]

text:
This article is part of a series on the

Culture of the
United States of America

Society

History
Language
People

Race and ethnicity
Mythology
Folklore

Cuisine
Festivals
Religion

Arts and literature

Architecture
Art
Dance
Fashion
Literature

Comics
Poetry

Music
Sculpture
Theater

Pastimes

Sport
Media

Radio
Cinema
Television

Symbols

Flag
Great Seal
Monuments

Motto
Anthem
Bird
World Heritage Sites

United States portal

v
t
e

tag: table

text: Before the first English colony was established in 1607, there were Spanish dramas and Native Americans tribes that performed theatrical events.[1]

text: Although a theater was built in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1716, and the original Dock Street Theatre opened in Charleston, South Carolina in 1736, the birth of professional theater in America may have begun when Lewis Hallam arrived with his theatrical company in Williamsburg in 1752.[2] Lewis and his brother William, who arrived in 1754, were the first to organize a complete company of actors in Europe and bring them to the colonies. They brought a repertoire of plays popular in London at the time, including Hamlet, Othello, The Recruiting Officer, and Richard III. The Merchant of Venice was their first performance, shown initially on September 15, 1752.[3] Encountering opposition from religious organizations, Hallam and his company left for Jamaica in 1754 or 1755.[citation needed] Soon after, Lewis Hallam, Jr., founded the American Company, opened a theater in New York, and presented the first professionally mounted American play—The Prince of Parthia, by Thomas Godfrey—in 1767.[4]

text: In the 18th century, laws forbidding the performance of plays were passed in Massachusetts in 1750, in Pennsylvania in 1759, and in Rhode Island in 1761, and plays were banned in most states during the American Revolutionary War at the urging of the Continental Congress.[3] In 1794, president of Yale College, Timothy Dwight IV, in his "Essay on the Stage", declared that "to indulge a taste for playgoing means nothing more or less than the loss of that most valuable treasure: the immortal soul."[citation needed]

text: In spite of such laws, however, a few writers tried their hand at playwriting. Most likely, the first plays written in America were by European-born authors—we know of original plays being written by Spaniards, Frenchmen and Englishmen dating back as early as 1567—although no plays were printed in America until Robert Hunter's Androboros in 1714. Still, in the early years, most of the plays produced came from Europe; only with Godfrey's The Prince of Parthia in 1767 do we get a professionally produced play written by an American, although it was a last-minute substitute for Thomas Forrest's comic opera The Disappointment; or, The Force of Credulity, and although the first play to treat American themes seriously, Ponteach; or, the Savages of America by Robert Rogers, had been published in London a year earlier.[5] 'Cato', a play about revolution, was performed for George Washington and his troops at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-1778.

text: The Revolutionary period was a boost for dramatists, for whom the political debates were fertile ground for both satire, as seen in the works of Mercy Otis Warren and Colonel Robert Munford, and for plays about heroism, as in the works of Hugh Henry Brackenridge. The post-war period saw the birth of American social comedy in Royall Tyler's The Contrast, which established a much-imitated version of the "Yankee" character, here named "Jonathan". But there were no professional dramatists until William Dunlap, whose work as playwright, translator, manager and theater historian has earned him the title of "Father of American Drama"; in addition to translating the plays of August von Kotzebue and French melodramas, Dunlap wrote plays in a variety of styles, of which André and The Father; or, American Shandyism are his best.[5]

text: The 19th century[edit]

text: Pre-war theater[edit]

text: At 825 Walnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the Walnut Street Theatre, or, "The Walnut." Founded in 1809 by the Circus of Pepin and Breschard, "The Walnut" is the oldest theater in America. The Walnut's first theatrical production, The Rivals, was staged in 1812. In attendance were President Thomas Jefferson and the Marquis de Lafayette.[6]

text: Provincial theaters frequently lacked heat and minimal theatrical property ("props") and scenery. Apace with the country's westward expansion, some entrepreneurs operated floating theaters on barges or riverboats that would travel from town to town. A large town could afford a long "run"—or period of time during which a touring company would stage consecutive multiple performances—of a production, and in 1841, a single play was shown in New York City for an unprecedented three weeks.[citation needed]

text: William Shakespeare's works were he was from England and commonly performed. American plays of the period were mostly melodramas, a famous example of which was Uncle Tom's Cabin, adapted by George Aiken, from the novel of the same name by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

text: In 1821, William Henry Brown established the African Grove Theatre in New York City. It was the third attempt to have an African-American theater, but this was the most successful of them all. The company put on not only Shakespeare, but also staged the first play written by an African-American, The Drama of King Shotaway. The theater was shut down in 1823.[7] African-American theater was relatively dormant, except for the 1858 play The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom by William Wells Brown, who was an ex-slave. African-American works would not be regarded again until the 1920s Harlem Renaissance.[7]

text: A popular form of theater during this time was the minstrel show, which featured white (and sometimes, especially after the Civil War, black) actors dressed in "blackface (painting one's face, etc. with dark makeup to imitate the coloring of an African or African American)." The players entertained the audience using comic skits, parodies of popular plays and musicals, and general buffoonery and slapstick comedy, all with heavy utilization of racial stereotyping and racist themes.[citation needed]

text: Throughout the 19th century, theater culture was associated with hedonism and even violence, and actors (especially women), were looked upon as little better than prostitutes. Jessie Bond wrote that by the middle of the 19th century, "The stage was at a low ebb, Elizabethan glories and Georgian artificialities had alike faded into the past, stilted tragedy and vulgar farce were all the would-be playgoer had to choose from, and the theatre had become a place of evil repute".[8] On April 15, 1865, less than a week after the end of the United States Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, while watching a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., was assassinated by a nationally popular stage-actor of the period, John Wilkes Booth.

text: Victorian burlesque, a form of bawdy comic theater mocking high art and culture, was imported from England about 1860 and in America became a form of farce in which females in male roles mocked the politics and culture of the day. Criticized for its sexuality and outspokenness, this form of entertainment was hounded off the "legitimate stage" and found itself relegated to saloons and barrooms.[citation needed] The female producers, such as Lydia Thompson were replaced by their male counterparts, who toned down the politics and played up the sexuality, until the burlesque shows eventually became little more than pretty girls in skimpy clothing singing songs, while male comedians told raunchy jokes.

text: The drama of the pre-war period tended to be a derivative in form, imitating European melodramas and romantic tragedies, but native in content, appealing to popular nationalism by dramatizing current events and portraying American heroism. But playwrights were limited by a set of factors, including the need for plays to be profitable, the middle-brow tastes of American theater-goers, and the lack of copyright protection and compensation for playwrights. During this time, the best strategy for a dramatist was to become an actor and/or a manager, after the model of John Howard Payne, Dion Boucicault and John Brougham. This period saw the popularity of certain native character types, especially the "Yankee", the "Negro" and the "Indian", exemplified by the characters of Jonathan, Sambo and Metamora. Meanwhile, increased immigration brought a number of plays about the Irish and Germans, which often dovetailed with concerns over temperance and Roman Catholic. This period also saw plays about American expansion to the West (including plays about Mormonism) and about women's rights. Among the best plays of the period are James Nelson Barker's Superstition; or, the Fanatic Father, Anna Cora Mowatt's Fashion; or, Life in New York, Nathaniel Bannister's Putnam, the Iron Son of '76, Dion Boucicault's The Octoroon; or, Life in Louisiana, and Cornelius Mathews's Witchcraft; or, the Martyrs of Salem. At the same time, America had created new dramatic forms in the Tom Shows, the showboat theater and the minstrel show.[5]

text: Post-war theater[edit]

text: In the postbellum North, theater flourished as a post-war boom allowed longer and more-frequent productions. The advent of American rail transport allowed production companies, its actors, and large, elaborate sets to travel easily between towns, which made permanent theaters in small towns feasible. The invention and practical application of electric lighting also led to changes to and improvements of scenery styles and the designing of theater interiors and seating areas.

text: In 1896, Charles Frohman, Al Hayman, Abe Erlanger, Mark Klaw, Samuel F. Flenderson, and J. Fred Zimmerman, Sr. formed the Theatrical Syndicate, which established systemized booking networks throughout the United States, and created a management monopoly that controlled every aspect of contracts and bookings until the turn of the 20th century, when the Shubert brothers founded rival agency, The Shubert Organization.

text: For playwrights, the period after the War brought more financial reward and aesthetic respect (including professional criticism) than was available earlier. In terms of form, spectacles, melodramas and farces remained popular, but poetic drama and romanticism almost died out completely due to the new emphasis upon realism, which was adopted by serious drama, melodrama and comedy alike. This realism was not quite the European realism of Ibsen's Ghosts, but a combination of scenic realism (e.g., the "Belasco Method") with a less romantic view of life that accompanied the cultural turmoil of the period. The most ambitious effort towards realism during this period came from James Herne, who was influenced by the ideas of Ibsen, Hardy and Zola regarding realism, truth, and literary quality; his most important achievement, Margaret Fleming, enacts the principles he expounded in his essay "Art for Truth's Sake in the Drama". Although Fleming did not appeal to audiences—critics and audiences felt it dwelt too much on unseemly topics and included improper scenes, such as Margaret nursing her husband's bastard child onstage—other forms of dramatic realism were becoming more popular in melodrama (e.g., Augustin Daly's Under the Gaslight) and in local color plays (Bronson Howard's Shenandoah). Other key dramatists during this period are David Belasco, Steele MacKaye, William Dean Howells, Dion Boucicault, and Clyde Fitch.[5]

text: The 20th century[edit]

text: Vaudeville was common in the late 19th and early 20th century, and is notable for heavily influencing early film, radio, and television productions in the country. (This was born from an earlier American practice of having singers and novelty acts perform between acts in a standard play.) George Burns was a very long-lived American comedian who started out in the vaudeville community, but went on to enjoy a career running until the 1990s.

text: Some vaudeville theaters built between about 1900 and 1920 managed to survive as well, though many went through periods of alternate use, most often as movie theaters until the second half of the century saw many urban populations decline and multiplexes built in the suburbs. Since that time, a number have been restored to original or nearly-original condition and attract new audiences nearly one hundred years later.

text: By the beginning of the 20th century, legitimate 1752 (non-vaudeville) theater had become decidedly more sophisticated in the United States, as it had in Europe. The stars of this era, such as Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore, were often seen as even more important than the show itself. The advance of motion pictures also led to many changes in theater. The popularity of musicals may have been due in part to the fact the early films had no sound, and could thus not compete, until The Jazz Singer of 1927, which combined both talking and music in a moving picture. More complex and sophisticated dramas bloomed in this time period, and acting styles became more subdued. Even by 1915, actors were being lured away from theater and to the silver screen, and vaudeville was beginning to face stiff competition.

text: While revues consisting of mostly unconnected songs, sketches, comedy routines, and dancing girls (Ziegfeld girls) dominated for the first 20 years of the 20th century, musical theater would eventually develop beyond this. One of the first major steps was Show Boat, with music by Jerome Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein. It featured songs and non-musical scenes which were integrated to develop the show's plot. The next great step forward was Oklahoma!, with lyrics by Hammerstein and music by Richard Rodgers. Its "dream ballets" used dance to carry forward the plot and develop the characters.

text: Amateur performing groups have always had a place alongside professional acting companies. The Amateur Comedy Club, Inc. was founded in New York City on April 18, 1884. It was organized by seven gentlemen who broke away from the Madison Square Dramatic Organization, a socially prominent company presided over by Mrs. James Brown Potter and David Belasco. The ACC staged its first performance on February 13, 1885. It has performed continuously ever since, making it the oldest, continuously performing theatrical society in the United States. Prominent New Yorkers who have been members of the ACC include Theodore, Frederick and John Steinway of the piano manufacturing family; Gordon Grant, the marine artist; Christopher La Farge, the architect; Van H. Cartmell, the publisher; Albert Sterner, the painter; and Edward Fales Coward, the theater critic and playwright. Elsie De Wolfe, Lady Mendl, later famous as the world's first professional interior decorator, acted in Club productions in the early years of the 20th Century, as did Hope Williams, and Julie Harris in the 1940s.

text: Early 20th century theater was dominated by the Barrymores—Ethel Barrymore, John Barrymore, and Lionel Barrymore. Other greats included Laurette Taylor, Jeanne Eagels, and Eva Le Gallienne. The massive social change that went on during the Great Depression also had an effect on theater in the United States. Plays took on social roles, identifying with immigrants and the unemployed. The Federal Theatre Project, a New Deal program set up by Franklin D. Roosevelt, helped to promote theater and provide jobs for actors. The program staged many elaborate and controversial plays such as It Can't Happen Here by Sinclair Lewis and The Cradle Will Rock by Marc Blitzstein. By contrast, the legendary producer Brock Pemberton (founder of the Tony Awards) was among those who felt that it was more than ever a time for comic entertainment, in order to provide an escape from the prevailing harsh social conditions: typical of his productions was Lawrence Riley's comedy Personal Appearance (1934), whose success on Broadway (501 performances) vindicated Pemberton.

text: The years between the World Wars were years of extremes. Eugene O'Neill's plays were the high point for serious dramatic plays leading up to the outbreak of war in Europe. Beyond the Horizon (1920), for which he won his first Pulitzer Prize; he later won Pulitzers for Anna Christie (1922) and Strange Interlude (1928) as well as the Nobel Prize in Literature. Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne remained a popular acting couple in the 1930s.

text: 1940 proved to be a pivotal year for African-American theater. Frederick O'Neal and Abram Hill founded ANT, or the American Negro Theater, the most renowned African-American theater group of the 1940s. Their stage was small and located in the basement of a library in Harlem, and most of the shows were attended and written by African-Americans. Some shows include Theodore Browne's Natural Man (1941), Abram Hill's Walk Hard (1944), and Owen Dodson's Garden of Time (1945). Many famous actors received their training at ANT, including Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Alice and Alvin Childress, Osceola Archer, Ruby Dee, Earle Hyman, Hilda Simms, among many others.[9]

text: Mid-20th century theater saw a wealth of Great Leading Ladies, including Helen Hayes, Katherine Cornell, Tallulah Bankhead, Judith Anderson, and Ruth Gordon. Musical theater saw stars such as Ethel Merman, Beatrice Lillie, Mary Martin, and Gertrude Lawrence.

text: Post World War II theater[edit]

text: After World War II, American theater came into its own. Several American playwrights, such as Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams, became world-renowned.

text: In the 1950s and 1960s, experimentation in the Arts spread into theater as well, with plays such as Hair including nudity and drug culture references. Musicals remained popular as well, and musicals such as West Side Story and A Chorus Line broke previous records. At the same time, shows like Stephen Sondheim's Company began to deconstruct the musical form as it has been practiced through the mid-century, moving away from traditional plot and realistic external settings to explore the central character's inner state; his Follies relied on pastiches of the Ziegfeld Follies-styled revue; his Pacific Overtures used Japanese kabuki theatrical practices; and Merrily We Roll Along told its story backwards. Similarly, Bob Fosse's production of Chicago returned the musical to its vaudeville origins.

text: The post-war American theater audiences and box offices constantly diminished, due to the undeclared "offensive" of television and radio upon the classical, legitimate theater. According to James F. Reilly, executive director of the League of New York Theatres, between 1930 and 1951 the number of legitimate theaters in New York City dwindled from 68 to 30. Besides of that, the admissions tax, has been a burden on the theater since 1918. It was never relaxed ever since, and was doubled in 1943.[10] Total seating capacity of thirty most renown legitimate theaters amounted 35,697 seats in 1951. Since 1937 in New York City alone, 14 former legitimate theaters with a normal seating capacity of 16,955, have been taken over for either radio broadcasts or television performances.[11]

text: In the late 1990s and 2000s, American theater began to borrow from cinema and operas. For instance, Julie Taymor, director of The Lion King directed Die Zauberflöte at the Metropolitan Opera. Also, Broadway musicals were developed around Disney's Mary Poppins, Tarzan, The Little Mermaid, and the one that started it all, Beauty and the Beast, which may have contributed to Times Square's revitalization in the 1990s. Also, Mel Brooks's The Producers and Young Frankenstein are based on his hit films.

text: Drama[edit]

text: This section needs expansion with: coverage of the late 1990s and more information about the mid-century periods. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010)

text: The early years of the 20th century, before World War I, continued to see realism as the main development in drama. But starting around 1900, there was a revival of poetic drama in the States, corresponding to a similar revival in Europe (e.g. Yeats, Maeterlinck and Hauptmann). The most notable example of this trend was the "Biblical trilogy" of William Vaughn Moody, which also illustrate the rise of religious-themed drama during the same years, as seen in the 1899 production of Ben-Hur and two 1901 adaptations of Quo Vadis. Moody, however, is best known for two prose plays, The Great Divide (1906, later adapted into three film versions) and The Faith Healer (1909), which together point the way to modern American drama in their emphasis on the emotional conflicts that lie at the heart of contemporary social conflicts. Other key playwrights from this period (in addition to continued work by Howells and Fitch) include Edward Sheldon, Charles Rann Kennedy and one of the most successful women playwrights in American drama, Rachel Crothers, whose interest in women's issues can be seen in such plays as He and She (1911).[5]

text: During the period between the World Wars, American drama came to maturity, thanks in large part to the works of Eugene O'Neill and of the Provincetown Players. O'Neill's experiments with theatrical form and his combination of Naturalist and Expressionist techniques inspired other playwrights to use greater freedom in their works, whether expanding the techniques of Realism, as in Susan Glaspell's Trifles, or borrowing more heavily from German Expressionism (e.g., Elmer Rice's The Adding Machine), Other distinct movements during this period include folk-drama/regionalism (Paul Green's Pulitzer-winning In Abraham's Bosom), "pageant" drama (Green's The Lost Colony, about the mysterious Roanoke Colony), and even a return to poetic drama (Maxwell Anderson's Winterset). At the same time, the economic crisis of the Great Depression led to the growth of protest drama, as seen in the Federal Theatre Project's Living Newspaper productions and in the works of Clifford Odets (e.g., Waiting for Lefty) and of moralist drama, as in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes and The Children's Hour. Other key figures of this era include George S. Kaufman, George Kelly, Langston Hughes, S. N. Behrman, Sidney Howard, Robert E. Sherwood, and a set of playwrights who followed O'Neill's path of philosophical searching, Philip Barry, Thornton Wilder (Our Town) and William Saroyan (The Time of Your Life). Theater criticism kept pace with the drama, such as in the work of George Jean Nathan and in the numerous books and journals on American theater that were published during this time.[5]

text: The stature that American drama had achieved between the Wars was cemented during the post-World War II generation, with the final works of O'Neill and his generation being joined by such towering figures as Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller, as well as by the maturation of the musical theatre form. Other key dramatists include William Inge, Arthur Laurents and Paddy Chayefsky in the 1950s, the avant garde movement of Jack Richardson, Arthur Kopit, Jack Gelber and Edward Albee the 1960s, and the maturation of black drama through Lorraine Hansberry, James Baldwin and Amiri Baraka. In the musical theater, important figures include Rodgers and Hammerstein, Lerner and Loewe, Betty Comden and Adolph Green, Richard Adler and Jerry Ross, Frank Loesser, Jule Styne, Jerry Bock, Meredith Willson and Stephen Sondheim.[5]

text: The period beginning in the mid-1960s, with the passing of Civil Rights legislation and its repercussions, came the rise of an "agenda" theater comparable to that of the 1930s. Many of the major playwrights from the mid-century continued to produce new works, but were joined by names like Sam Shepard, Neil Simon, Romulus Linney, David Rabe, Lanford Wilson, David Mamet, and John Guare. Many important dramatists were women, including Beth Henley, Marsha Norman, Wendy Wasserstein, Megan Terry, Paula Vogel and María Irene Fornés. The growth of ethnic pride movements led to more success by dramatists from racial minorities, such as black playwrights Douglas Turner Ward, Adrienne Kennedy, Ed Bullins, Charles Fuller, Suzan-Lori Parks, Ntozake Shange, George C. Wolfe and August Wilson, who created a dramatic history of United States with his cycle of plays, The Pittsburgh Cycle, one for each decade of the 20th century. Asian-American theater is represented in the early 1970s by Frank Chin and achieved international success with David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly. Latino theater grew from the local activist performances of Luis Valdez's Chicano-focused Teatro Campesino to his more formal plays, such as Zoot Suit, and later to the award-winning work of Cuban Americans Fornés (multiple Obies) and her student Nilo Cruz (Pulitzer), to Puerto Rican playwrights José Rivera and Miguel Piñero, and to the Tony Award-winning musical about Dominicans in New York City, In the Heights. Finally, the rise of the gay rights movement and of the AIDS crisis led to a number of important gay and lesbian dramatists, including Christopher Durang, Holly Hughes, Karen Malpede, Terrence McNally, Larry Kramer, Tony Kushner, whose Angels in America won the Tony Award two years in a row, and composer-playwright Jonathan Larson, whose musical Rent ran for over twelve years.[5]

text: American theater today[edit]

text: Earlier styles of theater such as minstrel shows and Vaudeville acts have disappeared from the landscape, but theater remains a popular American art form. Broadway productions still entertain millions of theater-goers as productions have become more elaborate and expensive. At the same time, theater has also served as a platform for expression, and a venue for identity exploration for under-represented, minority communities, who have formed their own companies and created their own genres of works, notably East West Players, founded in 1965 as the first Asian-American theatre group. Notable contemporary American playwrights include Edward Albee, August Wilson, Tony Kushner, David Henry Hwang, John Guare, and Wendy Wasserstein. Smaller urban theaters have stayed a source of innovation, and regional theaters remain an important part of theater life. Drama is also taught in high schools and colleges, which was not done in previous eras, and many become interested in theater through this.

text: The Faster Times, an online newspaper that ran from 2009-2013, featured a weekly column that discussed issues and trends in American theater.[12]

text: HowlRound, an online "commons", features opinions and essays by artists and academics in American Theater today.[13]


document_title: Chandrakanta (2017 TV series)

question_text: who played the role of 'chandrakanta' in the serial 'chandrakanta'

question_tokens: who played the role of ' chandrakanta ' in the serial ' chandrakanta '

root

text: Chandrakanta (2017 TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Chandrakanta is born to Ratnaprabha, a great Ayyara(magician), who has the most powerful dagger of Lord Vishnu. Iravati, an evil queen wants the dagger to rule the whole world and conquers Vijaigarh. Ratnaprabha stores the dagger at Lord Vishnu's temple to protect it and pass it to Chandrakanta after 21 years.

tag: p

text: 21 Years Later[edit]

text: 21 years later, Iravati is still searching the dagger while Veerendra, her step son awes to her words and plans to conquer Suryagarh kingdom. Chandrakanta, raised by a poor fisherman couple, gets the dagger, but she doesn't know what she had acquired. Iravati emotionally blackmails Veer that she is suffering from black magic done by a girl with dagger mark on her body. He goes to Suryagarh and initially, pretends to be a lover of Chandrakanta in order to take revenge but as time went by, developed soft feelings and starts loving her. After a lot of events and turns, Queen Iravati finally succeeded to kill Chandrakanta and gets the Dagger. A few months later, Chandrakanta returns as Surya with a revamped avatar.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

2017
Indian Telly Awards
Best Actress in a Lead Role
Madhurima Tuli
Nominated

2017
Indian Telly Awards
Best Actress in a Negative Role
Urvashi Dholakia
Nominated

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Madhurima Tuli as Princess Chandrakanta/Surya ; Princess of Vijaygarh
Vishal Aditya Singh as Prince Veerendra/Veer; Prince of Vijaygarh, Step-son of Queen Iravati
Urvashi Dholakia as Queen Iravati; The Evil Queen
Nikhil Arya as Prince Dhruv.
Shaad Randhawa as Swayam/beast ; Step brother of Veer, and son of Iravati.
Pooja Banerjee as Suryakanta, revamped face

tag: ul

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Punit Talreja as Kroor Singh.
Surjit Saha as Bhuwan
Maleeka R Ghai as Bhadra Maa/witch.
Prerna Wanvari as Mayavi/Vishakha; Chandrakanta's aunt
Charvi Saraf/Renee Dhyani as Gehna.
Shreyas Pandit as Daksh, Iravati's elder brother.
Lalit Sharma as Aryan, Iravati's nephew.
Roma Bali as Nishi, The wife of Daksh.
Rita Kaul Kotru as Ainaa; Fortune teller of Iravati.
Surendra Thakur as Monster.
Shrruti Gholap as Ruchi, Chandrakanta's foster mother.
Nitin wakhariya as Koopat Singh, Minister of Suryagarh.
Ajay Arya as Tej Singh; Veerendra's friend.
Shilpa Sakhlani as Queen Ratnaprabha.
Sandeep Rajora as Real king of Vijaygarh, Real father of Chandrakanta.
Nirmal Soni as Umang Jinn, Chandrakanta's friend.
Charu Mehra as Sonakshi, Suryagarh Princess.
Sunaina shukla as, Stakhshi, Suryagarh Princess.
Deepak bollywood as Kansha, Iravati's secret spy.
Purvi Mundada as Champa.
Surendra Thakur as beast
Ethan rao as Sand Typhoon.
Raja Avintimala as Suryagarh King
Neha Chowdhury as Dasi.
Saman Sadiq Ahmad as Suryagarh soldier.

text: International broadcast[edit]

text: In Pakistan , it is currently running on Health TV.[citation needed]


document_title: Horrid Henry (TV series)

question_text: who does the voice of horrid henry on citv

text: Horrid Henry (TV series)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: For the complete list of episodes, see List of Horrid Henry (TV series) episodes.

text:
Series
Episodes
First aired
Last aired

1
52
31 October 2006
15 March 2008 (2008-03-15)

2
52
16 February 2009 (2009-02-16)
4 March 2010 (2010-03-04)

3
52
22 July 2011 (2011-07-22)
1 September 2012 (2012-09-01)

4
52
11 October 2014 (2014-10-11)
25 October 2015 (2015-10-25)

5
42
TBA (TBA)
TBA (TBA)

text: Characters[edit]

text: This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate list. Only main and recurring characters should be included, and only if the recurring characters are significant. See WP:TVCAST for guidance. Please help improve this section if you can. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Henry (voiced by Lizzie Waterworth)
Peter (voiced by Emma Tate)
Mum (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Dad (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Fang (vocal effects by Tamsin Heatley)
Fluffy (vocal effects by Tamsin Heatley)
Margaret (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Ralph (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Susan (voiced by Joanna Ruiz)
Gordon (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Sam (voiced by Emma Tate)
Ted (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Margaret's Mum (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Margaret's Dad (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Al (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Bert (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Gurinder (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
William (voiced by Emma Tate)
Bill (voiced by Joanna Ruiz)
Andrew (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Brian (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Graham (voiced by Wayne Forester and Aidan Cook)
Greta (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Josh (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Linda (voiced by Emma Tate)
Lily (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Madame Tutu (voiced by Emma Tate)
Miss Battle-Axe (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Miss Oddbod (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Nicola (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Nick (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Paul (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Polly (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Rebecca (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Soraya (voiced by Emma Tate)
Sam (voiced by Emma Tate)
Steve (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Sid (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Tiddles (voiced by Kath Soucie)
Vera (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Aerobic Al's Dad (HH2) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Aunt Ruby (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Bert's Dad (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Bert's Mum (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Big big sister (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Bill (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Bob (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Bogey Barbara (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Charley (HH3) (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Clare (HH2) (voiced by Emma Tate)
Clown (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Commentator (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Chris (voiced by Emma Tate)
Dan (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Darius Dreck (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Director's Assistant (voiced by Emma Tate)
DJB Rap (voiced by Bella Watts)
Doctor (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Doorman (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Ed Banger (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Elf (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Equerry (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Fearless Phantom (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Finola (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Frosty Steve (HH2) (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Frozen Fred (voiced by Wayne Forester)

text:
Fred Fartwell (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Gardening Presenter (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Good and bad conscience (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Graham's mum (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Demon Dinner Lady/Greta (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Peter's Good and Bad Conscience (voiced by J Ruiz)
Hairy Camper (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Head Chef (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Head of Institute (HH3) (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Little Old Lady (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Mad Martin (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Manager (voiced by Jonty Stephens)
Migo (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Minister (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Mischievous Mike (HH3) (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Miss Clutterbuck (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Miss Lovely (voiced by Joanna Ruiz)
Mrs Battle-axe (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Mrs Crunch (voiced by Emma Tate)
Mr Mossy (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Mrs Mossy (voiced by Joanna Ruiz)
Mr Nerdon (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Mutant Max (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Narrator (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Newsreader (voiced by Aidan Cook)
News Reporter (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Nick's Dad (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Nick's Mum (voiced by Emma Tate)
Nurse Needle (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Number Gnomes (and Number Gnomes Narrator) (voiced by Jo Ruiz)
Old Lady (HH2) (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Park Keeper (HH2) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Person 1 (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Person 2 (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Person 3 (voiced by Joanna Ruiz)
Pirate (HH2) (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Policeman (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Policeman (HH2) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Postman (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Priest (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Queen (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Ralph's Mum (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Ralph's Dad (HH2) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Rancid Robbie (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Santa (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Sat Nave (HH3) (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Scary Voice (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Security Guard (HH3) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Security Guard 2 (HH3) (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Shop Assistant (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Shop Manager (Dept. Store) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Simon Snotfall (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Sixth Asst. Director (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Snowbot (HH2) (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Stunning Stella (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Tess (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Third Assistant Director (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Timmy and Tommy (HH2) (voiced by Emma Tate)
Too Cool For School Presenters (voiced by Wayne Forester)
TV Announcers (voiced by Wayne Forester)
TV Presenters (HH3) (voiced by Aidan Cook, Joanna Ruiz)
Uncle Francis (voiced by Aidan Cook)
TV Producer (HH2) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Van Driver (HH2) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Very Important Director (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Vicious Vicky (HH3) (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Voice on TV (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Waiter (voiced by Aidan Cook)
Wendy (HH2) (voiced by Joanna Ruiz)
Wheelie Walter (voiced by Wayne Forester)
Woman Selling Oranges (voiced by Sue Elliot Nicholls)
Woman in Supermarket (voiced by Joanna Ruiz)
Worker (voiced by Aidan Cook)
William's Mum (HH2) (voiced by Wayne Forester)
William's Dad (HH2) (voiced by Tamsin Heatley)
Yugo (voiced by Wayne Forester)

text: German Cast: Henry, Al, William's mum, Margaret's mum, Wendy, Breanna Talec Peter, Margaret, William, Susan, Soryana, Gurinder, Polly-Lilly(Lola) Adessa

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Result

2008: Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards
Best Cartoon
Nominated

2009: British Academy Children's Awards
Best Animation

2010: British Academy Children's Awards
Best Animation

2013: British Academy Children's Awards
Best Animation

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: In November 2008, the series produced one music album, Horrid Henry's Most Horrid Album.[3]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
Series
Eps.
Originally
aired
DVD release date

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

Series 1
52
31 October 2006 – 9 August 2008
N/A
4 May 2009
N/A

Series 2
52
16 February 2009 – 4 March 2010
N/A
31 October 2011
N/A

Series 3
52
22 July 2011 – 1 September 2012
N/A
22 September 2014
N/A

Series 4
52
11 October 2014 – 25 October 2015
N/A
N/A
N/A


document_title: Rooney Rule

question_text: how many african-american head coaches in the nfl

text: Rooney Rule

text: History and origin[edit]

text: The rule is named after Dan Rooney, the former owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers and former chairman of the league's diversity committee.

text: It was created as a reaction to the 2002 firings of head coaches Tony Dungy of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Dennis Green of the Minnesota Vikings, at a time when Dungy had a winning record and Green had just had his first losing season in ten years. Shortly afterwards, U.S. civil rights attorneys Cyrus Mehri and Johnnie Cochran released a study showing that black head coaches, despite winning a higher percentage of games, were less likely to be hired and more likely to be fired than their white counterparts. Former NFL players Kellen Winslow and John Wooten then put together a self-described "affinity group" of minority scouts, coaches, and front-office personnel, to advocate for the rule's creation.[6]

text: Its purpose was to ensure that minority coaches, especially African Americans, would be considered for high-level coaching positions. Until 1989, when Art Shell was hired by the Raiders, Fritz Pollard was the only minority head coach in NFL history (which was during the league's early years in the 1920s)[7] and by the time the rule was implemented, only Tom Flores, Shell, Dennis Green, Ray Rhodes, Tony Dungy, and Herman Edwards had ever held head coaching jobs (only Dungy and Edwards were actively head coaching at the time of the rule's implementation, though Shell and Green would later return to head coaching).[8] Dungy in particular had struggled for years before getting a head coaching job; he was often promoted as a head coaching candidate by Chuck Noll when Dungy was an assistant under Noll in the 1980s with the Steelers, but he would not become a head coach until 1996 when he took over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Another former Steelers assistant, Marvin Lewis, also struggled to find a head coaching position despite immense success as the Baltimore Ravens defensive coordinator and wouldn't find a head coaching position until being hired by the Cincinnati Bengals in 2003, the year the Rooney Rule went into effect; Lewis, who coached 15 seasons with the Bengals, became the team's all-time winningest coach.[9][10]

text: Impact[edit]

text: Since the Rooney Rule was established, several NFL franchises have hired African-American head coaches, including the Steelers themselves, who hired Mike Tomlin before their 2007 season[11] (The Steelers, however, had already interviewed Ron Rivera who is a Hispanic minority to fulfill the requirement before interviewing Tomlin, and Rooney himself contends that Tomlin's hiring did not result from the Rule).[12] At the start of the 2006 season, the overall percentage of African-American coaches had jumped to 22%, up from 6% prior to the Rooney Rule.[13]

text: Application[edit]

text: The rule does not apply if an assistant coach has language in his contract guaranteeing him the head coaching job in case of an opening.[14] For example, this was the case when Mike Martz took over as head coach of the St. Louis Rams before the 2000 season. Also, the requirement does not apply if the assistant coach taking over the head position is a minority, as was the case with Mike Singletary and the San Francisco 49ers in late 2008.[15]

text: As of June 15, 2009[update], Rooney Rule requirements now apply to all searches for senior football operations positions within the NFL, regardless of a team's title for that position. It now also includes all ethnic minorities, not just African Americans.

text: Currently, 5 of the 32 head coaches in the NFL are African-American, with 1 additional head coach who is Hispanic. Recently, legal scholars have advocated for extending the Rooney Rule to college football, where the number of minority head coaches hovers around 6%,[16] which is significantly lower than the 12.6% of the total US population which is African-American.[17]

text: Detroit Lions case, 2003[edit]

text: In 2003, the NFL fined the Detroit Lions $200,000 for failure to interview African-American candidates for the team's vacant head coaching job. After Marty Mornhinweg was fired, the Lions immediately hired former San Francisco 49ers head coach Steve Mariucci (a native of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan) to replace him without interviewing any other candidates. The Lions claimed they attempted to interview other candidates but that the African-American candidates withdrew from interviews, believing Mariucci's hiring was inevitable.[18] The Lions wouldn't have a minority head coach until hiring Jim Caldwell in 2014.

text: 2012 controversial non-hirings and possible rule revision[edit]

text: In the wake of no minority hirings to fill eight head coaching and seven general management vacancies following the conclusion of the 2012 NFL regular season, NFL Executive Vice president of Human Resources Robert Gulliver stated, "While there has been full compliance with the interview requirements of the Rooney Rule and we wish the new head coaches and general managers much success, the hiring results this year have been unexpected and reflect a disappointing lack of diversity."[19] Analysts have pointed the lack of interview offers for Baltimore Ravens' Offensive Coordinator Jim Caldwell, who, as head coach, led the Indianapolis Colts to a 14-2 2009 season along with winning the 2009 American Football Conference title before losing in Super Bowl XLIV, as evidence that the rule needs revision.[20] Some sports analysts have called upon the NFL to modify the Rooney Rule by requiring NFL teams to interview a minority candidate outside their respective organizations, and extending the rule to include interviews for offensive and defensive coordinators.[21]

text: Outside the NFL[edit]

text: In association football (soccer), players' representatives have been campaigning for a similar practise in England. Gordon Taylor, Chief Executive of the PFA (the players' trade union) said in September 2014 the sport "has a "hidden resistance" preventing black managers getting jobs", pointing out that "you see so many black players on the pitch, yet we have two black managers out of 92".[22] Garth Crooks, a prominent black former player, was especially scathing of the failure of the Football League (a large association of clubs below the top-tier Premier League) to pursue the matter, suggesting the league lacked courage.[23] Black coaches Kieron Dyer and Titus Bramble spoke out against the idea of Rooney Rule, saying they did not want to be perceived as having their roles because of a "quota".[24]

text: Outside sports[edit]

text: Some companies outside of sports, such as Pinterest, Facebook and Patreon, have put similar rules in place for their hiring processes.[25][5][26]

text: List of minority NFL head coaches[edit]

text: Key:

text:
W
Wins

L
Losses

Interim head coach only

Active head coach

text: Note: List is correct through April 13, 2017.

text:
Head coach
Teams
Years
Regular Season
Playoffs
Best Results

W
L
T
Win%
W
L
Win%

Pollard, FritzFritz Pollard
Akron Pros, Hammond Pros
1921, 1925
8
4

.667
0
0
0

Flores, TomTom Flores
Oakland/LA Raiders, Seattle Seahawks
1979–1987, 1992–1994
97
87

.527
8
3
.727
Won Super Bowl XV and Super Bowl XVIII

Shell, ArtArt Shell
Los Angeles Raiders
1989–1994, 2006
56
52

.518
2
3
.400
1990–1991 AFC Championship Game

Green, DennisDennis Green
Minnesota Vikings and Arizona Cardinals
1992–2001, 2004–2006
113
94

.546
4
8
.333
1998 and 2000 NFC Championship Game

Rhodes, RayRay Rhodes
Philadelphia Eagles and Green Bay Packers
1995–1998, 1999
37
42

.468
1
2
.333
1995 NFC Divisional Game

Dungy, TonyTony Dungy
Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Indianapolis Colts
1996–2001, 2002–2008
139
69

.668
9
10
.474
Super Bowl XLI Champion

Edwards, HermanHerman Edwards
New York Jets and Kansas City Chiefs
2001–2005, 2006–2008
54
74

.422
2
4
.333
2002, 2004 AFC Divisional Game

Rooney Rule Instituted, 2003

Lewis, MarvinMarvin Lewis
Cincinnati Bengals
2003—
112
92
2
.549
0
6
.000
1st in AFC North, Lost all AFC Wild-Card games played

Smith, LovieLovie Smith
Chicago Bears and Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2004–2012, 2014–2015
89
87
0
.506
3
3
.500
Won 2006 NFC Championship, Lost Super Bowl XLI

Robiskie, TerryTerry Robiskie
Washington Redskins*, Cleveland Browns*
2000, 2004
2
7
0
.222
—
—
—
3rd AFC North (with Cleveland)

Crennel, RomeoRomeo Crennel
Cleveland Browns, Kansas City Chiefs
2005–2008, 2011–2012
28
55
0
.337
—
—
—
2nd AFC North (with Cleveland)

Tomlin, MikeMike Tomlin
Pittsburgh Steelers
2007–
103
57
0
.644
8
6
.571
Won Super Bowl XLIII Lost Super Bowl XLV

Thomas, EmmittEmmitt Thomas
Atlanta Falcons*
2007
1
2
0
.333
—
—
—
4th NFC South

Singletary, MikeMike Singletary
San Francisco 49ers
2008–2010
18
22
0
.462
—
—
—
2nd NFC West

Caldwell, JimJim Caldwell
Indianapolis Colts and Detroit Lions
2009–2011, 2014-2018
53
43
0
.552
2
4
.333
2009 AFC Champion, Lost Super Bowl XLIV

Morris, RaheemRaheem Morris
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2009–2011
17
31
0
.354
—
—
—
3rd NFC South

Fewell, PerryPerry Fewell
Buffalo Bills*
2009
3
4
0
.429
—
—
—
4th AFC East

Frazier, LeslieLeslie Frazier
Minnesota Vikings
2010–2013
21
32
1
.382
0
1
.000
2nd NFC North

Studesville, EricEric Studesville
Denver Broncos*
2010
1
3
0
.250
—
—
—
4th AFC West

Rivera, RonRon Rivera
Carolina Panthers
2011–
53
42
1
.557
3
3
.500
2015 NFC Champion, Lost Super Bowl 50

Bowles, ToddTodd Bowles
New York Jets
2015–
17
18
—
.486
—
—
—
2nd AFC East in 2015

Jackson, HueHue Jackson
Oakland Raiders and Cleveland Browns
2011, 2016–
9
39
—
.188
—
—
—
4th AFC North

Lynn, AnthonyAnthony Lynn
Buffalo Bills and Los Angeles Chargers
2016, 2017-
9
8
0
.000
—
—
—
3rd AFC East

Joseph, VanceVance Joseph
Denver Broncos*
2017
5
11
0
.000
—
—
—


document_title: List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders

question_text: who has the most points in an nba game

question_tokens: who has the most points in an nba game

text: Key[edit]

text:
^
Denotes player who is currently active in the NBA

*
Denotes player who has been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Occurred in playoff competition

Player's team lost the game

MP
Minutes played
FGM
Field goals made
FGA
Field goal attempts

3PM
3-point field goals made
3PA
3-point field goal attempts
DNP
Did not play

FTM
Free throws made
FTA
Free throw attempts

text: List[edit]

text:
Rank
Points
Player
Date
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Team
Opponent
Score
MP
FGM
FGA
3PM
3PA
FTM
FTA
Notes
Ref.

Scoring by quarter

1
100
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-03-02-0000March 2, 1962
23
18
28
31
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
169–147
48
36
63
—
—
28
32
[A]
[1][2] [3][4][5]

2
81
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002006-01-22-0000January 22, 2006
14
12
27
28
Los Angeles Lakers
Toronto Raptors
122–104
41:56
28
46
7
13
18
20
[B]
[6][7][8]

3
78
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
147–151
63
31
62
—
—
16
31
[C]
[5]

4
73
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-13-0000January 13, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
135–117
48
29
48
—
—
15
25
[D]
[5]

73
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-16-0000November 16, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
New York Knicks
127–111
48
29
43
—
—
15
19
[E]
[9]

73
Thompson, DavidDavid Thompson*
000000001978-04-09-0000April 9, 1978
32
21
9
11
Denver Nuggets
Detroit Pistons
137–139
43
28
38
—
—
17
20
[F]

7
72
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-03-0000November 3, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
115–127
—
29
48
—
—
14
18

[9]

8
71
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001960-11-15-0000November 15, 1960
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
123–108
45
28
48
—
—
15
18
[G]

71
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
000000001994-04-24-0000April 24, 1994
18
6
19
28
San Antonio Spurs
Los Angeles Clippers
112–97
44
26
41
1
2
18
25
[H]
[10][11]

10
70
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-03-10-0000March 10, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
148–163
48
27
38
—
—
16
22

[9]

70
Booker, DevinDevin Booker^
March 24, 2017
10
9
23
28
Phoenix Suns
Boston Celtics
120–130
45
21
40
4
11
24
26
[I]

12
69
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001990-03-28-0000March 28, 1990
16
15
20
18
Chicago Bulls
Cleveland Cavaliers
117–113
50
23
37
2
6
21
23
[J]
[12][13][14]

13
68
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001967-12-16-0000December 16, 1967
14
15
15
24
Philadelphia 76ers
Chicago Bulls
143–123
—
30
40
—
—
8
22

68
Maravich, PetePete Maravich*
000000001977-02-25-0000February 25, 1977
17
14
17
20
New Orleans Jazz
New York Knicks
124–107
43
26
43
—
—
16
19

15
67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-03-09-0000March 9, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
135–126
—
27
37
—
—
13
17

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-17-0000February 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
121–128
48
26
44
—
—
15
20

[5]

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-25-0000February 25, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
135–149
48
25
38
—
—
17
22

[5]

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-01-11-0000January 11, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
129–134
—
28
47
—
—
11
17

[9]

19
66
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001969-02-09-0000February 9, 1969
17
17
22
10
Los Angeles Lakers
Phoenix Suns
134–116
48
29
35
—
—
8
18
[K]

20
65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-13-0000February 13, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
132–152
48
24
40
—
—
17
30

[5]

65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-27-0000February 27, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
147–137
48
25
43
—
—
15
20

[5]

65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001966-02-07-0000February 7, 1966
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia 76ers
Los Angeles Lakers
132–125
—
28
43
—
—
9
20

65
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002007-03-16-0000March 16, 2007
4
19
9
24
Los Angeles Lakers
Portland Trail Blazers
116–111
49:58
23
39
8
12
11
12
[L]
[15]

24
64
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001959-11-08-0000November 8, 1959
13
12
17
22
Minneapolis Lakers
Boston Celtics
136–115
—
25
47
—
—
14
19
[M]

64
Barry, RickRick Barry*
000000001974-03-26-0000March 26, 1974
—
—
23
22
Golden State Warriors
Portland Trail Blazers
143–120
43
30
45
—
—
4
5

64
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001993-01-16-0000January 16, 1993
22
8
11
16
Chicago Bulls
Orlando Magic
124–128
47
27
49
1
5
9
11
[N]
[16]

27
63
Fulks, JoeJoe Fulks*
000000001949-02-10-0000February 10, 1949
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Indianapolis Jets
108–87
—
27
56
—
—
9
14
[O]

63
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
Philadelphia Warriors
151–147
—
23
55
—
—
17
24
[P]
[17]

63
West, JerryJerry West*
000000001962-01-17-0000January 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
129–121
39
22
36
—
—
19
22

63
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-14-0000December 14, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
118–120
—
24
41
—
—
15
20

[9]

63
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001964-11-26-0000November 26, 1964
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Philadelphia 76ers
117–128
—
27
58
—
—
9
20

63
Gervin, GeorgeGeorge Gervin*
000000001978-04-09-0000April 9, 1978
20
33
10
DNP
San Antonio Spurs
New Orleans Jazz
132–153
33
23
49
—
—
17
20
[Q]

63
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001986-04-20-0000April 20, 1986
17
6
13
18
Chicago Bulls
Boston Celtics
131–135
53
22
41
0
0
19
21
[R]

34
62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-14-0000January 14, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Boston Celtics
136–145
48
27
45
—
—
8
10

[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-17-0000January 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
136–130
53
24
48
—
—
14
20
[S]
[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-21-0000January 21, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
139–132
53
25
42
—
—
12
17
[T]
[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-01-29-0000January 29, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
New York Knicks
123–103
—
27
44
—
—
8
17

[9]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001964-11-15-0000November 15, 1964
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
122–106
—
26
44
—
—
10
21

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001966-03-03-0000March 3, 1966
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia 76ers
San Francisco Warriors
135–125
—
26
39
—
—
10
19

62
McGrady, TracyTracy McGrady*
000000002004-03-10-0000March 10, 2004
7
21
24
10
Orlando Magic
Washington Wizards
108–99
45:50
20
37
5
14
17
26

[18]

62
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002005-12-20-0000December 20, 2005
15
17
30
DNP
Los Angeles Lakers
Dallas Mavericks
112–90
32:53
18
31
4
10
22
25
[U]
[19][20]

62
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
000000002014-01-24-0000January 24, 2014
20
17
19
6
New York Knicks
Charlotte Bobcats
125–96
38:39
23
35
6
11
10
10
[V]
[21]

43
61
Mikan, GeorgeGeorge Mikan*
000000001952-01-20-0000January 20, 1952
18
18
—
—
Minneapolis Lakers
Rochester Royals
91–81
—
22
45
—
—
17
21
[W]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-09-0000December 9, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
135–113
48
28
48
—
—
5
10

[5]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-22-0000February 22, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
139–121
48
21
36
—
—
19
34

[5]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-28-0000February 28, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
128–119
48
24
46
—
—
13
17

[5]

61
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001962-04-14-0000April 14, 1962
18
15
13
15
Los Angeles Lakers
Boston Celtics
126–121
—
22
46
—
—
17
19
[X]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-21-0000November 21, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
139–143
—
27
52
—
—
7
15

[9]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-11-0000December 11, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
136–124
—
27
57
—
—
7
11

[9]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-18-0000December 18, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
130–110
—
26
53
—
—
9
14

[9]

61
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001987-03-04-0000March 4, 1987
14
10
7
26
Chicago Bulls
Detroit Pistons
125–120
43
22
39
0
0
17
18
[Y]
[22][23][24]

61
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001987-04-16-0000April 16, 1987
15
17
16
13
Chicago Bulls
Atlanta Hawks
114–117
41
22
38
0
3
17
21
[Z]
[25][26][27][28][29]

61
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
000000001990-01-27-0000January 27, 1990
17
13
20
11
Utah Jazz
Milwaukee Bucks
144–96
33
21
26
0
0
19
23

[30]

61
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
000000002000-03-06-0000March 6, 2000
10
16
16
19
Los Angeles Lakers
Los Angeles Clippers
123–103
44:52
24
35
0
0
13
22
[AA]
[31]

61
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002009-02-02-0000February 2, 2009
18
16
12
15
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
126–117
36:48
19
31
3
6
20
20

[32]

61
James, LeBronLeBron James^
000000002014-03-03-0000March 3, 2014
11
13
25
12
Miami Heat
Charlotte Bobcats
124–107
41:12
22
33
8
10
9
12
[AB]
[33][34]

57
60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-01-0000December 1, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
138–117
48
22
47
—
—
16
26

[5]

60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-29-0000December 29, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
123–118
48
24
43
—
—
12
19
[AC]
[5]

60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001969-01-26-0000January 26, 1969
18
9
10
23
Los Angeles Lakers
Cincinnati Royals
126–113
—
22
36
—
—
16
24
[AD]

60
King, BernardBernard King*
000000001984-12-25-0000December 25, 1984
21
19
11
9
New York Knicks
New Jersey Nets
114–120
41
19
30
0
0
22
26

[35]

60
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
000000001985-03-12-0000March 12, 1985
12
11
19
18
Boston Celtics
Atlanta Hawks
126–115
43
22
36
1
4
15
16
[AE]
[36]

60
Chambers, TomTom Chambers
000000001990-03-24-0000March 24, 1990
14
21
14
11
Phoenix Suns
Seattle SuperSonics
121–95
42
22
32
0
0
16
18

[37][38][39][40]

60
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
000000002005-02-12-0000February 12, 2005
17
12
11
20
Philadelphia 76ers
Orlando Magic
112–99
42:01
17
36
2
5
24
27

[41][42]

60
Arenas, GilbertGilbert Arenas
000000002006-12-17-0000December 17, 2006
12
5
12
15
Washington Wizards
Los Angeles Lakers
147–141
49:00
17
32
5
12
21
27
[AF]
[43]

60
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002007-03-22-0000March 22, 2007
13
11
19
17
Los Angeles Lakers
Memphis Grizzlies
121–119
45:11
20
37
3
7
17
18
[AG]
[44]

60
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002016-04-13-0000April 13, 2016
15
7
15
23
Los Angeles Lakers
Utah Jazz
101–96
42
22
50
6
21
10
12
[AH]
[45][46]

60
Klay Thompson^
December 5, 2016
17
23
20
DNP
Golden State Warriors
Indiana Pacers
142–106
29
21
33
8
14
10
11
[AI]
[47]


document_title: Zebra Puzzle

question_text: who drinks the water and who owns the zebra

text: Zebra Puzzle

text: Description[edit]

text: The following version of the puzzle appeared in Life International in 1962:

text:
There are five houses.
The Englishman lives in the red house.
The Spaniard owns the dog.
Coffee is drunk in the green house.
The Ukrainian drinks tea.
The green house is immediately to the right of the ivory house.
The Old Gold smoker owns snails.
Kools are smoked in the yellow house.
Milk is drunk in the middle house.
The Norwegian lives in the first house.
The man who smokes Chesterfields lives in the house next to the man with the fox.
Kools are smoked in the house next to the house where the horse is kept.
The Lucky Strike smoker drinks orange juice.
The Japanese smokes Parliaments.
The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.

tag: ol

text: Now, who drinks water? Who owns the zebra?

text: In the interest of clarity, it must be added that each of the five houses is painted a different color, and their inhabitants are of different national extractions, own different pets, drink different beverages and smoke different brands of American cigarets  [sic]. One other thing: in statement 6, right means your right.

text: Assuming that one person drinks water and one owns a zebra, then it is possible not only to deduce the answers to the two questions, but to figure out a complete solution of who lives where, in what color house, keeping what pet, drinking what drink, and smoking what brand of cigarettes. By considering the clues a few at a time, it is possible to slowly build inferences that incrementally complete the puzzle's unique correct solution. For example, by clue 10, the Norwegian lives in house #1, and by clue 15, house #2 must be blue. The Norwegian's house therefore cannot be blue, nor can it be red, where the Englishman lives (clue 2), or green or ivory, which are next to each other (clue 6). It must therefore be yellow, which means the Norwegian also smokes Kools (clue 8).

text: Note that clue 10 mentions the "first" house, without specifying whether it is the house on the extreme left or extreme right if standing in front of them. However, selecting either side as the first house does not change the outcome as to who drinks the water and who has the zebra.

text: The March 25, 1963 issue of Life International contained the following solution, and the names of several hundred solvers from around the world.

text:
House
1
2
3
4
5

Color
Yellow
Blue
Red
Ivory
Green

Nationality
Norwegian
Ukrainian
Englishman
Spaniard
Japanese

Drink
Water
Tea
Milk
Orange juice
Coffee

Smoke
Kools
Chesterfield
Old Gold
Lucky Strike
Parliament

Pet
Fox
Horse
Snails
Dog
Zebra

text: Other versions[edit]

text: Other versions of the puzzle have various differences from the Life International puzzle, in which various colors, nationalities, cigarette brands, drinks, and pets are substituted,[6] or the clues are given in a different order. These do not change the logic of the puzzle. Einstein's Riddle, in a particular version, asks 'Who owns the fish?' as the overarching question.[7]


document_title: List of The X Factor (UK) finalists

question_text: who has won x factor in the past

question_tokens: who has won x factor in the past

text: List of The X Factor (UK) finalists

text: The X Factor is a British television music competition that first aired in 2004. As of December 2016, there have been thirteen completed series. The final round of the competition features a number of solo singers or vocal groups: nine in series 1, twelve in series 2-6 and 10, 16 in series 7, 8 and 11, and 13 in series 9, 12 and 13. A total of 168 acts have reached the finals of their series.

text: During the first three series, the finalists were split into three groups: "16-24s", "25-and-overs" (renamed "over 25s" in series 2, though still often referred to as "25-and-overs" in series 2 and 3) and "groups". Each set of contestants was mentored by one of the show's judges, Simon Cowell, Sharon Osbourne and Louis Walsh. From series 4 onwards, the 16-24s were subdivided into girls and boys categories as a fourth judge, Dannii Minogue, joined the show. Following Osbourne's exit from the show after series 4, Cheryl Cole replaced her. In series 7, the over 25s were changed to over 28s, before being changed back for series 8. Also in series 8, Cowell, Minogue and Cole all left the show, leaving Walsh as the only judge to return from the previous year. He was joined on the panel by Gary Barlow, Kelly Rowland and Tulisa Contostavlos. In series 9, Rowland left the show, Barlow, Walsh and Contostavlos returned as judges from the previous year. Nicole Scherzinger joined the panel as a replacement for Rowland. The over 25s were changed to over 28s again in series 9, and then back to over 25s in series 10. Osbourne also returned to the panel in series 10, replacing Contostavlos. Cowell and Cole returned for series 11, replacing Barlow and Osbourne. Mel B joined the panel in series 11, replacing Scherzinger. Rita Ora and Nick Grimshaw joined the panel in series 12, replacing Mel B and Walsh. Walsh, Scherzinger and Osbourne returned to the panel in series 13, replacing Grimshaw, Ora and Cole.

text: As of series 13, all five categories have won the show on at least one occasion, while seven of the show's nine judges have had the winning act in their category at least once, with Cowell winning three times, Cole, Minogue and Scherzinger winning twice, and Walsh, Contostavlos, Osbourne and Ora winning once. The only judges not to win were Barlow, Grimshaw, Rowland and Mel B, with Rowland, Mel B and Grimshaw's best performance being third place in 2011, 2014 and 2015 respectively (their only series) and Barlow placing second in 2011 (the first of his three years on the panel). Osbourne failed to win the show in her initial stint, but won on her return in series 10.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Name
Series
Category
Mentor
Finished

2 Shoes
8
Groups
Contostavlos, TulisaTulisa Contostavlos
14 !14th (joint)

2 to Go
1
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
07 !7th

4Sure
3
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
11 !11th

4th Impact
12
Groups
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
05 !5th

4Tune
2
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
11 !11th

5 After Midnight
13
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
03 !3rd

Aalto, SaaraSaara Aalto
13
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
02 !2nd

Abraham, AndyAndy Abraham
2
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
02 !2nd

Addictiv Ladies
2
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
12 !12th

Adedeji, RachelRachel Adedeji
6
Girls
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
09 !9th

Adeleye, JohnJohn Adeleye
7
Over 28s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
12 !12th

Akister, PaulPaul Akister
11
Boys
B, MelMel B
09 !9th

Alien Uncovered
12
Groups
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
12 !12th

Allen, RobertRobert Allen
3
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
06 !6th

Alton, AbiAbi Alton
10
Girls
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
08 !8th

Angus, NikittaNikitta Angus
3
16-24s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
07 !7th

Archer, JamieJamie Archer
6
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
07 !7th

Arthur, JamesJames Arthur
9
Boys
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
01 !1st

B, MishaMisha B
8
Girls
Rowland, KellyKelly Rowland
04 !4th

Bad Lashes
5
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
12 !12th

Bailey, SamSam Bailey
10
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
01 !1st

Barrett, HannahHannah Barrett
10
Girls
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
06 !6th

Belle Amie
7
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
11 !11th

Bennett, AlishaAlisha Bennett
4
Girls
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
07 !7th

Blonde Electric
11
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
16 !16th

Bratavio
13
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
12 !12th

Brookes, SamiSami Brookes
8
Over 25s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
12 !12th

Brooks Way
13
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
13 !13th (withdrew)

Brookstein, SteveSteve Brookstein
1
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
01 !1st

Brucknell, KittyKitty Brucknell
8
Over 25s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
07 !7th

Bruton, ScottScott Bruton
5
Boys
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
10 !10th

Bupsi
12
Overs
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
13 !13th

Burke, AlexandraAlexandra Burke
5
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
01 !1st

Byrne, MaryMary Byrne
7
Over 28s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
05 !5th

C, RelleyRelley C
13
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
10 !10th

Callaghan, TabbyTabby Callaghan
1
16-24s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
03 !3rd

Callahan, SamSam Callahan
10
Boys
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
07 !7th

Cardle, MattMatt Cardle
7
Boys
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
01 !1st

Chesterman, ChéChé Chesterman
12
Boys
Grimshaw, NickNick Grimshaw
03 !3rd

Clark, RylanRylan Clark
9
Boys
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
05 !5th

Cocozza, FrankieFrankie Cocozza
8
Boys
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
08 !8th (removed)

Cohen, TreycTreyc Cohen
7
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
10 !10th

Collins, MarcusMarcus Collins
8
Boys
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
02 !2nd

Colton, CraigCraig Colton
8
Boys
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
06 !6th

Compton, CassieCassie Compton
1
16-24s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
05 !5th

Conway Sisters, TheThe Conway Sisters
2
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
06 !6th

Daniels, LloydLloyd Daniels
6
Boys
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
05 !5th

de Bourg, DanielDaniel de Bourg
4
Over 25s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
11 !11th

Devlin, JanetJanet Devlin
8
Girls
Rowland, KellyKelly Rowland
05 !5th

District3
9
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
07 !7th

Diva Fever
7
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
13 !13th

Dorsett, NicholasNicholas Dorsett
2
16-24s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
07 !7th

Douglas, JahméneJahméne Douglas
9
Boys
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
02 !2nd

Drage, AustinAustin Drage
5
Boys
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
09 !9th

East, FleurFleur East
11
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
02 !2nd

Edwards, BrendaBrenda Edwards
2
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
04 !4th

Ellis, JadeJade Ellis
9
Girls
Contostavlos, TulisaTulisa Contostavlos
10 !10th

Eton Road
3
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
05 !5th

Evans, DanielDaniel Evans
5
Over 25s
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
07 !7th

Evans, NikiNiki Evans
4
Over 25s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
04 !4th

Faustini, AndreaAndrea Faustini
11
Boys
B, MelMel B
03 !3rd

Ferguson, RebeccaRebecca Ferguson
7
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
02 !2nd

Festa, NicoloNicolo Festa
7
Boys
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
16 !16th

Foster, TameraTamera Foster
10
Girls
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
05 !5th

Four of Diamonds
13
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
08 !8th

Friend, LukeLuke Friend
10
Boys
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
03 !3rd

Futureproof
4
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
09 !9th

Fyd !F.Y.D.
7
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
15 !15th

G, HoneyHoney G
13
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
05 !5th

G4
1
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
02 !2nd

Girlband
5
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
11 !11th

Grimshaw, AidenAiden Grimshaw
7
Boys
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
09 !9th

Habibis, SophieSophie Habibis
8
Girls
Rowland, KellyKelly Rowland
11 !11th

Haenow, BenBen Haenow
11
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
01 !1st

Henderson, EllaElla Henderson
9
Girls
Contostavlos, TulisaTulisa Contostavlos
06 !6th

Hope
4
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
05 !5th

Howett, RobertaRoberta Howett
1
16-24s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
09 !9th

Hylton, RachelRachel Hylton
5
Over 25s
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
06 !6th

Jackson, LeonLeon Jackson
4
Boys
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
01 !1st

James, JayJay James
11
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
08 !8th

Jasmine, ChloeChloe Jasmine
11
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
13 !13th

JLS
5
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
02 !2nd

John & Edward
6
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
06 !6th

Johnson, DanylDanyl Johnson
6
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
04 !4th

Johnson, LouisaLouisa Johnson
12
Girls
Ora, RitaRita Ora
01 !1st

Jones, LucieLucie Jones
6
Girls
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
08 !8th

Journey South
2
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
03 !3rd

Kandy Rain
6
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
12 !12th

Keays, VerityVerity Keays
1
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
08 !8th

Kerr, JonjoJonjo Kerr
8
Over 25s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
14 !14th (joint)

Kingsland Road
10
Groups
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
09 !9th

Lavery, SamSam Lavery
13
Girls
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
07 !7th

Lawrie, RyanRyan Lawrie
13
Boys
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
06 !6th

Lawson, MariaMaria Lawson
2
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
08 !8th

Lee, StormStorm Lee
7
Over 28s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
14 !14th

Lewis, LeonaLeona Lewis
3
16-24s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
01 !1st

Lily, AmeliaAmelia Lily
8
Girls
Rowland, KellyKelly Rowland
03 !3rd

Little Mix (Rhythmix)
8
Groups
Contostavlos, TulisaTulisa Contostavlos
01 !1st

Lloyd, CherCher Lloyd
7
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
04 !4th

Loney, RikkiRikki Loney
6
Boys
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
11 !11th

Lorenzo, RuthRuth Lorenzo
5
Over 25s
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
05 !5th

Louise, GiftyGifty Louise
13
Girls
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
09 !9th

MacDonald Brothers, TheThe MacDonald Brothers
3
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
04 !4th

Magee, PhillipPhillip Magee
2
16-24s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
10 !10th

Maloney, ChristopherChristopher Maloney
9
Over 28s
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
03 !3rd

Masson, MelanieMelanie Masson
9
Over 28s
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
12 !12th

McDonald, NicholasNicholas McDonald
10
Boys
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
02 !2nd

McElderry, JoeJoe McElderry
6
Boys
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
01 !1st

McGregor, KerryKerry McGregor
3
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
09 !9th

McKenzie, AshleyAshley McKenzie
3
16-24s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
08 !8th

Michael, JamesJames Michael
8
Boys
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
14 !14th (joint)

Michael, MonicaMonica Michael
12
Girls
Ora, RitaRita Ora
08 !8th

Middlemas, EmilyEmily Middlemas
13
Girls
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
04 !4th

Mills, BenBen Mills
3
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
03 !3rd

Miss Dynamix
10
Groups
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
10th !10th

Miss Frank
6
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
10 !10th

Mitchell, DionneDionne Mitchell
3
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
10 !10th

MK1
9
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
11 !11th

Moore, Seann MileySeann Miley Moore
12
Boys
Grimshaw, NickNick Grimshaw
10 !10th

Murray, LaurenLauren Murray
12
Girls
Ora, RitaRita Ora
04 !4th

Murs, OllyOlly Murs
6
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
02 !2nd

Nakanda, EmilyEmily Nakanda
4
Girls
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
10 !10th (withdrew)

Nala, StephanieStephanie Nala
11
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
14 !14th

Noise, MasonMason Noise
12
Boys
Grimshaw, NickNick Grimshaw
07 !7th

Nu Vibe
8
Groups
Contostavlos, TulisaTulisa Contostavlos
13 !13th

One Direction
7
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
03 !3rd

Only The Young
11
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
07 !7th

Overload Generation
11
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
15 !15th

Parker, FreddyFreddy Parker
13
Boys
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
11 !11th

Platt, LaurenLauren Platt
11
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
04 !4th

Poole, CarolynneCarolynne Poole
9
Over 28s
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
13 !13th

Quickenden, JakeJake Quickenden
11
Boys
B, MelMel B
12 !12th

Quigg, EoghanEoghan Quigg
5
Boys
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
03 !3rd

Quinn, RayRay Quinn
3
16-24s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
02 !2nd

Reggie 'n' Bollie
12
Groups
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
02 !2nd

Richardson, PaijePaije Richardson
7
Boys
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
08 !8th

Risk, TheThe Risk
8
Groups
Contostavlos, TulisaTulisa Contostavlos
10 !10th

Ritchie, SteviStevi Ritchie
11
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
06 !6th

Roberts, RhydianRhydian Roberts
4
Boys
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
02 !2nd

Robinson, JohnnyJohnny Robinson
8
Over 25s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
09 !9th

Rough Copy
10
Groups
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
04 !4th

Same Difference
4
Groups
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
03 !3rd

Satchell, RowettaRowetta Satchell
1
Over 25s
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
04 !4th

Saunders, LolaLola Saunders
11
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
10 !10th

Simpson, LornaLorna Simpson
10
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
12 !12th

Slimani, ChicoChico Slimani
2
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
05 !5th

Smith, ShelleyShelley Smith
10
Over 25s
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
11 !11th

Solomon, StaceyStacey Solomon
6
Girls
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
03 !3rd

Sones, KyeKye Sones
9
Over 28s
Barlow, GaryGary Barlow
08 !8th

Southwick, KimberleyKimberley Southwick
4
Girls
Osbourne, SharonSharon Osbourne
12 !12th

Spraggan, LucyLucy Spraggan
9
Girls
Contostavlos, TulisaTulisa Contostavlos
09 !9th (withdrew)

Stereo Kicks
11
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
05 !5th

Stephans, AntonAnton Stephans
12
Overs
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
06 !6th

Stone, MaxMax Stone
12
Overs
Cowell, SimonSimon Cowell
09 !9th

Terry, MattMatt Terry
13
Boys
Scherzinger, NicoleNicole Scherzinger
01 !1st

Trotman, BeverleyBeverley Trotman
4
Over 25s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
06 !6th

Unconventionals, TheThe Unconventionals
3
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
12 !12th

Union J
9
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
04 !4th

Vickers, DianaDiana Vickers
5
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
04 !4th

Voices with Soul
1
Groups
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
06 !6th

Waissel, KatieKatie Waissel
7
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
07 !7th

Wagner
7
Over 28s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
06 !6th

Walton, JackJack Walton
11
Boys
B, MelMel B
11 !11th

Ward, ShayneShayne Ward
2
16-24s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
01 !1st

Weathers, KieraKiera Weathers
12
Girls
Ora, RitaRita Ora
11 !11th

White, LauraLaura White
5
Girls
Fernandez-Versini, CherylCheryl Fernandez-Versini
08 !8th

Williams, AndyAndy Williams
4
Boys
Minogue, DanniiDannii Minogue
08 !8th

Zinyuku, ChenaiChenai Zinyuku
2
16-24s
Walsh, LouisLouis Walsh
09 !9th

text:
On four occasions, contestants have left the show under different circumstances than regular elimination. In series 4, Emily Nakanda withdrew from the show in response to allegations that she had assaulted a schoolmate prior to her appearance on the show. Nakanda was told that she would be removed anyway if she did not withdraw.[1] In series 8, Frankie Cocozza was removed from the show after breaking a "golden rule" of the show.[citation needed] In the ninth series, Lucy Spraggan withdrew in week 5 of the live shows due to illness, after not performing in week 4, and not having had a full rehearsal session for week 5.[2] Brooks Way withdrew from series 13 by murual agreement after being absent from the first live show, due to events in the personal life of one of the band's members.[3]
Little Mix were originally known on the show as "Rhythmix" until they changed their name following pressure from a children's charity with the same name.[4]
In 2011, four contestants were eliminated from the show following the first live show by the judges, without facing a public vote, so should be listed as finishing joint 13th. However, following the removal of Cocozza several weeks later, the public were given the opportunity to vote for one of the four contestants to return.[5] With 48% of votes cast, Amelia Lily was reinstated to the show. As a result, 2 Shoes, Jonjo Kerr, and James Michael are classed as joint 14th with Lily going on to finish in third place.