document_title: Greenwich Village

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text: Greenwich Village

text: Geography[edit]

text: Boundaries[edit]

text: The neighborhood is bordered by Broadway to the east, the North River (part of the Hudson River) to the west, Houston Street to the south, and 14th Street to the north, and roughly centered on Washington Square Park and New York University. The neighborhoods surrounding it are the East Village and NoHo to the east, SoHo to the south, and Chelsea to the north. The East Village was formerly considered part of the Lower East Side and has never been considered a part of Greenwich Village.[12] The western part of Greenwich Village is known as the West Village; the dividing line of its eastern border is debated. Some believe it starts at Seventh Avenue and its southern extension, a border to the west of which the neighborhood changes substantially in character and becomes heavily residential. Others say the West Village starts one avenue further east at Sixth Avenue, where the east-west streets in the city's grid plan start to orient themselves on an angle to the traditionally perpendicular grid plan occupying most of Manhattan. The Far West Village is another sub-neighborhood of Greenwich Village that is bordered on its west by the Hudson River and on its east by Hudson Street. Greenwich Village is located in New York's 10th congressional district, New York's 25th State Senate district, New York's 66th State Assembly district, and New York City Council's 3rd district.

text: Into the early 20th century, Greenwich Village was distinguished from the upper-class neighborhood of Washington Square – based on the major landmark Washington Square Park[13][14] or Empire Ward[15] in the 19th century.

text: Encyclopædia Britannica's 1956 article on "New York (City)" (subheading "Greenwich Village") states that the southern border of the Village is Spring Street, reflecting an earlier understanding (today, Spring Street might be considered the southern boundary of the neighborhood sometimes called the South Village, though some cite Canal Street as the furthest extent of the South Village). The newer district of SoHo has since encroached on the Village's historic border.

text: Grid plan[edit]

text: As Greenwich Village was once a rural, isolated hamlet to the north of the 17th century European settlement on Manhattan Island, its street layout is more organic than the planned grid pattern of the 19th-century grid plan (based on the Commissioners' Plan of 1811). Greenwich Village was allowed to keep the 18th century street pattern of what is now called the West Village: areas that were already built up when the plan was implemented, west of what is now Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue, resulted in a neighborhood whose streets are dramatically different, in layout, from the ordered structure of the newer parts of Manhattan.[16]

text: Many of the neighborhood's streets are narrow and some curve at odd angles. This is generally regarded as adding to both the historic character and charm of the neighborhood. In addition, as the meandering Greenwich Street used to be on the Hudson River shoreline, much of the neighborhood west of Greenwich Street is on landfill, but still follows the older street grid.[16] When Sixth and Seventh Avenues were built in the early 20th century, they were built diagonally to the existing street plan, and many older, smaller streets had to be demolished.[16]

text: Unlike the streets of most of Manhattan above Houston Street, streets in the Village typically are named rather than numbered. While some of the formerly named streets (including Factory, Herring and Amity Streets) are now numbered, they still do not always conform to the usual grid pattern when they enter the neighborhood.[16] For example, West 4th Street runs east-west across most of Manhattan, but runs north-south in Greenwich Village, causing it to intersect with West 10th, 11th, and 12th Streets before ending at West 13th Street.[16]

text: A large section of Greenwich Village, made up of more than 50 northern and western blocks in the area up to 14th Street, is part of a Historic District established by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The District's convoluted borders run no farther south than 4th Street or St. Luke's Place, and no farther east than Washington Square East or University Place.[17] Redevelopment in that area is severely restricted, and developers must preserve the main façade and aesthetics of the buildings during renovation.

text: Most of the buildings of Greenwich Village are mid-rise apartments, 19th-century row houses, and the occasional one-family walk-up, a sharp contrast to the high-rise landscape in Midtown and Downtown Manhattan.

text: History[edit]

text: Early years[edit]

text: In the 16th century, Native Americans referred to its farthest northwest corner, by the cove on the Hudson River at present-day Gansevoort Street, as Sapokanikan ("tobacco field"). The land was cleared and turned into pasture by Dutch and freed African settlers in the 1630s, who named their settlement Noortwyck ("North district", equivalent to Northwich/Northwick). In the 1630s, Governor Wouter van Twiller farmed tobacco on 200 acres (0.81 km2) here at his "Farm in the Woods".[18] The English conquered the Dutch settlement of New Netherland in 1664, and Greenwich Village developed as a hamlet separate from the larger New York City to the south on land that would eventually become Lower Manhattan.

text: The earliest known reference to the village's name as "Greenwich" dates back to 1696, in the will of Yellis Mandeville of Greenwich; however, the village was not mentioned in the city records until 1713.[19] Sir Peter Warren began accumulating land in 1731 and built a frame house capacious enough to hold a sitting of the Assembly when smallpox rendered the city dangerous in 1739. His house, which survived until the Civil War era, overlooked the North River from a bluff; its site on the block bounded by Perry and Charles Streets, Bleecker and West 4th Streets,[20] can still be recognized by its mid-19th century rowhouses inserted into a neighborhood still retaining many houses of the 1830–37 boom.

text: From 1797[21] until 1829,[22] the bucolic village of Greenwich was the location of New York State's first penitentiary, Newgate Prison, on the Hudson River at what is now West 10th Street,[21] near the Christopher Street pier.[23] The building was designed by Joseph-François Mangin, who would later co-design New York City Hall.[24] Although the intention of its first warden, Quaker prison reformer Thomas Eddy, was to provide a rational and humanitarian place for retribution and rehabilitation, the prison soon became an overcrowded and pestilent place, subject to frequent riots by the prisoners which damaged the buildings and killed some inmates.[21] By 1821, the prison, designed for 432 inmates, held 817 instead, a number made possible only by the frequent release of prisoners, sometimes as many as 50 a day.[25] Since the prison was north of New York City, being sentenced to Newgate became known as being "sent up the river", an expression which carried over when it was replaced by the new Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York.[23]

text: The oldest house remaining in Greenwich Village is the Isaacs-Hendricks House, at 77 Bedford Street (built 1799, much altered and enlarged 1836, third story 1928).[26] When the Church of St. Luke in the Fields was founded in 1820 it stood in fields south of the road (now Christopher Street) that led from Greenwich Lane (now Greenwich Avenue) down to a landing on the North River. In 1822, a yellow fever epidemic in New York encouraged residents to flee to the healthier air of Greenwich Village, and afterwards many stayed. The future site of Washington Square was a potter's field from 1797 to 1823 when up to 20,000 of New York's poor were buried here, and still remain. The handsome Greek revival rowhouses on the north side of Washington Square were built about 1832, establishing the fashion of Washington Square and lower Fifth Avenue for decades to come. Well into the 19th century, the district of Washington Square was considered separate from Greenwich Village.

text: Reputation as urban bohemia[edit]

text: Greenwich Village historically was known as an important landmark on the map of American bohemian culture in the early and mid-twentieth century. The neighborhood was known for its colorful, artistic residents and the alternative culture they propagated. Due in part to the progressive attitudes of many of its residents, the Village was a focal point of new movements and ideas, whether political, artistic, or cultural. This tradition as an enclave of avant-garde and alternative culture was established during the 19th century and into the 20th century, when small presses, art galleries, and experimental theater thrived.

text: The Tenth Street Studio Building was situated at 51 West 10th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, the building was commissioned by James Boorman Johnston[note 3] and designed by Richard Morris Hunt. Its innovative design soon represented a national architectural prototype, and featured a domed central gallery, from which interconnected rooms radiated. Hunt's studio within the building housed the first architectural school in the United States. Soon after its completion in 1857, the building helped to make Greenwich Village central to the arts in New York City, drawing artists from all over the country to work, exhibit, and sell their art. In its initial years Winslow Homer took a studio there,[27] as did Edward Lamson Henry, and many of the artists of the Hudson River School, including Frederic Church and Albert Bierstadt.[28]

text: From the late 19th until the present, the Hotel Albert has served as a cultural icon of Greenwich Village. Opened during the 1880s and originally located at 11th Street and University Place, called the Hotel St. Stephan and then after 1902, called the Hotel Albert while under the ownership of William Ryder, it served as a meeting place, restaurant and dwelling for several important artists and writers from the late 19th century well into the 20th century. After 1902, the owner's brother Albert Pinkham Ryder lived and painted there. Some other noted guests who lived there include: Augustus St. Gaudens, Robert Louis Stevenson, Mark Twain, Hart Crane, Walt Whitman, Anaïs Nin, Thomas Wolfe, Robert Lowell, Horton Foote, Salvador Dalí, Philip Guston, Jackson Pollock, and Andy Warhol.[29][30] During the golden age of bohemianism, Greenwich Village became famous for such eccentrics as Joe Gould (profiled at length by Joseph Mitchell) and Maxwell Bodenheim, dancer Isadora Duncan, writer William Faulkner, and playwright Eugene O'Neill. Political rebellion also made its home here, whether serious (John Reed) or frivolous (Marcel Duchamp and friends set off balloons from atop Washington Square Arch, proclaiming the founding of "The Independent Republic of Greenwich Village" on January 24, 1917).[31][32]

text: In 1924, the Cherry Lane Theatre was established. Located at 38 Commerce Street, it is New York City's oldest continuously running Off-Broadway theater. A landmark in Greenwich Village’s cultural landscape, it was built as a farm silo in 1817, and also served as a tobacco warehouse and box factory before Edna St. Vincent Millay and other members of the Provincetown Players converted the structure into a theatre they christened the Cherry Lane Playhouse, which opened on March 24, 1924, with the play The Man Who Ate the Popomack. During the 1940s The Living Theatre, Theatre of the Absurd, and the Downtown Theater movement all took root there, and it developed a reputation as a showcase for aspiring playwrights and emerging voices.

text: In one of the many Manhattan properties that Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney and her husband owned, Gertrude Whitney established the Whitney Studio Club at 8 West 8th Street in 1914, as a facility where young artists could exhibit their works. By the 1930s it had evolved into her greatest legacy, the Whitney Museum of American Art, on the site of today's New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture. The Whitney was founded in 1931, as an answer to the Museum of Modern Art, founded 1928, and its collection of mostly European modernism and its neglect of American Art. Gertrude Whitney decided to put the time and money into the museum after the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art turned down her offer to contribute her twenty-five-year collection of modern art works.[33] In 1936, the renowned Abstract Expressionist artist and teacher Hans Hofmann moved his art school from E. 57th Street to 52 West 9th Street. In 1938, Hofmann moved again to a more permanent home at 52 West 8th Street. The school remained active until 1958 when Hofmann retired from teaching.[34]

text: On January 8, 1947, stevedore Andy Hintz was fatally shot by hitmen John M. Dunn, Andrew Sheridan and Danny Gentile in front of his apartment. Before he died on January 29, he told his wife that "Johnny Dunn shot me."[35] The three gunmen were immediately arrested. Sheridan and Dunn were executed.[36]

text: The Village hosted the nation's first racially integrated nightclub,[37] when Café Society was opened in 1938 at 1 Sheridan Square[38] by Barney Josephson. Café Society showcased African American talent and was intended to be an American version of the political cabarets that Josephson had seen in Europe before World War I. Notable performers there included: Pearl Bailey, Count Basie, Nat King Cole, John Coltrane, Miles Davis, Ella Fitzgerald, Coleman Hawkins, Billie Holiday, Lena Horne, Burl Ives, Lead Belly, Anita O'Day, Charlie Parker, Les Paul and Mary Ford, Paul Robeson, Kay Starr, Art Tatum, Sarah Vaughan, Dinah Washington, Josh White, Teddy Wilson, Lester Young, and The Weavers, who also in Christmas 1949, played at the Village Vanguard.

text: The annual Greenwich Village Halloween Parade, initiated in 1974 by Greenwich Village puppeteer and mask maker Ralph Lee, is the world's largest Halloween parade and America's only major nighttime parade, attracting more than 60,000 costumed participants, 2 million in-person spectators, and a worldwide television audience of over 100 million.[39]

text: Postwar[edit]

text: The Village again became important to the bohemian scene during the 1950s, when the Beat Generation focused their energies there. Fleeing from what they saw as oppressive social conformity, a loose collection of writers, poets, artists, and students (later known as the Beats) and the Beatniks, moved to Greenwich Village, and to North Beach in San Francisco, in many ways creating the east-coast and west-coast predecessors respectively to the Haight-Ashbury-East Village hippie scene of the next decade. The Village (and surrounding New York City) would later play central roles in the writings of, among others, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, James Baldwin, Truman Capote, Marianne Moore, Maya Angelou, Rod McKuen, and Dylan Thomas, who collapsed at the Chelsea Hotel and died at St. Vincents Hospital at 170 West 12th Street, in the Village after drinking at the White Horse Tavern on November 5, 1953.

text: Off-Off-Broadway began in Greenwich Village in 1958 as a reaction to Off Broadway, and a "complete rejection of commercial theatre".[42] Among the first venues for what would soon be called "Off-Off-Broadway" (a term supposedly coined by critic Jerry Tallmer of the Village Voice) were coffeehouses in Greenwich Village, in particular, the Caffe Cino at 31 Cornelia Street, operated by the eccentric Joe Cino, who early on took a liking to actors and playwrights and agreed to let them stage plays there without bothering to read the plays first, or to even find out much about the content. Also integral to the rise of Off-Off-Broadway were Ellen Stewart at La MaMa, originally located at 321 E. 9th Street, and Al Carmines at the Judson Poets' Theater, located at Judson Memorial Church on the south side of Washington Square Park.

text: The Village had a cutting-edge cabaret and music scene. The Village Gate, the Village Vanguard, and The Blue Note (since 1981), regularly hosted some of the biggest names in jazz. Greenwich Village also played a major role in the development of the folk music scene of the 1960s. Music clubs included Gerde's Folk City, The Bitter End, Cafe Au Go Go, Cafe Wha?, The Gaslight Cafe and The Bottom Line. Three of the four members of The Mamas & the Papas met there. Guitarist and folk singer Dave Van Ronk lived there for many years. Village resident and cultural icon Bob Dylan by the mid-60s had become one of the world's foremost popular songwriters, and often developments in Greenwich Village would influence the simultaneously occurring folk rock movement in San Francisco and elsewhere, and vice versa. Dozens of other cultural and popular icons got their start in the Village's nightclub, theater, and coffeehouse scene during the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s, including Jimi Hendrix, Barbra Streisand, Peter, Paul, and Mary, Bette Midler, The Lovin' Spoonful, Simon & Garfunkel, Liza Minnelli, Jackson Browne, James Taylor, Eric Andersen, Joan Baez, The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem, The Velvet Underground, The Kingston Trio, Carly Simon, Richie Havens, Maria Muldaur, Tom Paxton, Janis Ian, Phil Ochs, Joni Mitchell, Laura Nyro, and Nina Simone. The Greenwich Village of the 1950s and 1960s was at the center of Jane Jacobs's book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, which defended it and similar communities, while criticizing common urban renewal policies of the time.

text: Founded by New York-based artist Mercedes Matter and her students, the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture is an art school formed in the mid-1960s in the Village. Officially opened September 23, 1964, the school is still active, at 8 W. 8th Street, the site of the original Whitney Museum of American Art.[43]

text: Greenwich Village was home to a safe house used by the radical anti-war movement known as the Weather Underground. On March 6, 1970, their safehouse was destroyed when an explosive device that they were constructing was accidentally detonated, killing three of their members (Ted Gold, Terry Robbins, and Diana Oughton).

text: The Village has been a center for movements that challenged the wider American culture, for example, its role in the gay liberation movement. The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn, 53 Christopher Street. They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.[44][45] On June 23, 2015, the Stonewall Inn was the first landmark in New York City to be recognized by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on the basis of its status in LGBT history,[46] and on June 24, 2016, the Stonewall National Monument was named the first U.S. National Monument dedicated to the LGBTQ-rights movement.[47] Greenwich Village contains the world's oldest gay and lesbian bookstore, Oscar Wilde Bookshop, founded in 1967, while The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center – best known as simply "The Center" – has occupied the former Food & Maritime Trades High School at 208 West 13th Street since 1984. In 2006, the Village was the scene of an assault involving seven lesbians and a straight man that sparked appreciable media attention, with strong statements defending both sides of the case.

text: Preservation[edit]

text: Since end of the twentieth century, many artists and local historians have mourned the fact that the bohemian days of Greenwich Village are long gone, because of the extraordinarily high housing costs in the neighborhood.[48] The artists fled to other New York City neighborhoods including SoHo, Tribeca, Dumbo Williamsburg, and Long Island City. Nevertheless, residents of Greenwich Village still possess a strong community identity and are proud of their neighborhood's unique history and fame, and its well-known liberal live-and-let-live attitudes.[48]

text: Historically, local residents and preservation groups have been concerned about development in the Village and have fought to preserve its architectural and historic integrity. In the 1960s, Margot Gayle led a group of citizens to preserve the Jefferson Market Courthouse (later reused as Jefferson Market Library)[49] while other citizen groups fought to keep traffic out of Washington Square Park,[50] and Jane Jacobs, using the Village as an example of a vibrant urban community, advocated to keep it that way.

text: Since then, preservation has been a part of the Village ethos. Shortly after the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) was established in 1965, it acted to protect parts of Greenwich Village, designating the small Charlton-King-Vandam Historic District in 1966, which contains the city's largest concentration of row houses in the Federal style, as well as a significant concentration of Greek Revival houses, and the even smaller MacDougal-Sullivan Gardens Historic District in 1967, a group of 22 houses sharing a common back garden, built in the Greek Revival style and later renovated with Colonial Revival façades. In 1969, the LPC designated the Greenwich Village Historic District — for four decades, the city’s largest — despite preservationists' advocacy for the entire neighborhood to be designated an historic district. Advocates continued to pursue their goal of additional designation, spurred in particular by the increased pace of development in the 1990s.

text: Rezoned areas[edit]

text: The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation (GVSHP), a nonprofit organization dedicated to the architectural and cultural character and heritage of the neighborhood, successfully proposed new districts and individual landmarks to the LPC. Those include:[51]

text:
Gansevoort Market Historic District was the first new historic district in Greenwich Village in 34 years. The 112 buildings on 11 blocks protect the city’s distinctive Meatpacking District with its cobblestone streets, warehouses and rowhouses. About 70 percent of the area proposed by GVSHP in 2000 was designated a historic district by the LPC in 2003, while the entire area was listed on the State and National Registers of Historic Places in 2007.[52][53]
Weehawken Street Historic District, designated in 2006, is a 14-building, three-block district near the Hudson River centering on tiny Weehawken Street and containing an array of architecture including a sailors’ hotel, former stables, and a wooden house.[54]
Greenwich Village Historic District Extension I, designated in 2006, brought 46 more buildings on three blocks into the district, thus protecting warehouses, a former public school and police station, and early 19th century rowhouses. Both the Weehawken Street Historic District and the Greenwich Village Historic District Extension I were designated by the LPC in response to the larger proposal for a Far West Village Historic District submitted by GVSHP in 2004.[54]
Greenwich Village Historic District Extension II, designated in 2010, embracing 225 buildings on 12 blocks, contains 19th century houses, 19th and 20th century tenements, and a variety of cultural landmarks.[55]
South Village Historic District, designated in 2013, covers 235 buildings on 13 blocks, representing the largest single expansion of landmark protections in Greenwich Village since 1969. It includes well-preserved and renovated 19th century houses, colorful tenements, and a variety of sites important to the area's rich immigrant, artistic, and Italian-American history, as well as several low-rise, historically significant New York University buildings on Washington Square South.[56]

tag: ul

text: The Landmarks Preservation Commission designated as landmarks several individual sites proposed by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, including the former Bell Telephone Labs Complex (1861-1933), now Westbeth Artists' Housing, designated in 2011;[57] the Silver Towers/University Village Complex (1967), designed by I.M. Pei and including the Picasso sculpture “Portrait of Sylvette,” designated in 2008;[58] and three early 19th-century federal houses at 127, 129 and 131 MacDougal Street.

text: Several contextual rezonings were enacted in Greenwich Village in recent years to limit the size and height of allowable new development in the neighborhood, and to encourage the preservation of existing buildings. The following were proposed by the GVSHP and passed by the City Planning Commission:

text:
Far West Village Rezoning, approved in 2005, was the first downzoning in Manhattan in many years, putting in place new height caps, thus ending construction of high-rise waterfront towers in much of the Village and encouraging the reuse of existing buildings.[59]
Washington and Greenwich Street Rezoning, approved in 2010, was passed in near-record time to protect six blocks from out-of-scale hotel development and maintain the low-rise character.[60]

text: NYU dispute[edit]

text: New York University and Greenwich Village preservationists have been embroiled in a conflict over campus expansion versus preservation of the scale and Bohemian character of the Village.[61]

text: As one press critic put it in 2013, "For decades, New York University has waged architectural war on Greenwich Village."[62] Recent examples of the university clashing with the community, often led by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, include the destruction of the 85 West Third Street house where Edgar Allan Poe lived from 1844-5, which NYU promised to rebuild using original materials, but then claimed not to have enough bricks to do so; the construction of the 26-story Founders Hall dorm behind the façade of demolished St. Ann’s Church at 120 East Twelfth Street, which advocates protested as being out of scale for the low-rise area, and received assurances from NYU, which then built all 26 stories anyway;[63] and the demolition in 2009 of the Provincetown Playhouse and Apartments, over protests.[64]

text: In 2008, as part of a multi-stakeholder Community Task Force on NYU Development, the university agreed to a set of "Planning Principles."[65] Yet advocates did not find NYU to follow the principles in practice, culminating in a successful lawsuit against the university's "NYU 2031" plan for expansion.[66]

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Greenwich Village is served by the 8th Avenue A C E trains, the 6th Avenue B D F M trains, the 14th Street L train, and the 7th Avenue 1 2 3 trains of the New York City Subway; the 14th Street / Sixth Avenue, 14th Street – Eighth Avenue, West Fourth Street – Washington Square, and Christopher Street – Sheridan Square stations are in the neighborhood. Local MTA-New York City Bus routes are the M55, M7, M11, M14, and M20 buses. On the PATH, the Christopher Street, Ninth Street, and 14th Street stations are in Greenwich Village.

text: Points of interest[edit]

text: Greenwich Village includes several collegiate institutions. Since the 1830s, New York University (NYU) has had a campus there. In 1973 NYU moved its campus in the University Heights section of the West Bronx to Greenwich Village. In 1976 Yeshiva University established the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in the northern part of Greenwich Village. In the 1980s Hebrew Union College was built in Greenwich Village. The New School, with its Parsons The New School for Design, a division of The New School, and the School's Graduate School expanded in the 2000s, with the renovated, award-winning design of the Sheila C. Johnson Design Center at 66 Fifth Avenue on 13th Street. The Cooper Union is located in Greenwich Village, at Astor Place, near St. Mark's Place on the border of the East Village. Pratt Institute established its latest Manhattan campus in an adaptively reused Brunner & Tryon-designed loft building on 14th Street, east of Seventh Avenue. The university campus building expansion was followed by a gentrification process in the 1980s.

text: The historic Washington Square Park is the center and heart of the neighborhood. Additionally, the Village has several other, smaller parks: Christopher, Father Fagan, Minetta Triangle, Petrosino Square, Little Red Square, and Time Landscape. There are also city playgrounds, including DeSalvio Playground, Minetta, Thompson Street, Bleecker Street, Downing Street, Mercer Street, Cpl. John A. Seravelli, and William Passannante Ballfield. Perhaps the most famous, though, is "The Cage", officially known as the West Fourth Street Courts. Sitting atop the West Fourth Street – Washington Square subway station (A B C D E F M trains) at Sixth Avenue, the courts are easily accessible to basketball and American handball players from all over New York. The Cage has become one of the most important tournament sites for the citywide "Streetball" amateur basketball tournament. Since 1975, New York University's art collection has been housed at the Grey Art Gallery bordering Washington Square Park, at 100 Washington Square East. The Grey Art Gallery is notable for its museum-quality exhibitions of contemporary art.

text: The Village has a bustling performing arts scene. It is home to many Off Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway theaters; for instance, Blue Man Group has taken up residence in the Astor Place Theater. The Village Gate (until 1992), the Village Vanguard and The Blue Note are still presenting some of the biggest names in jazz on a regular basis. Other music clubs include The Bitter End, and Lion's Den. The village has its own orchestra aptly named the Greenwich Village Orchestra. Comedy clubs dot the Village as well, including Comedy Cellar, where many American stand-up comedians got their start.

text: Several publications have offices in the Village, most notably the citywide newsweekly The Village Voice, and the monthly magazines Fortune and American Heritage. The National Audubon Society, having relocated its national headquarters from a mansion in Carnegie Hill to a restored and very green, former industrial building in NoHo, relocated to smaller but even greener LEED certified digs at 225 Varick Street,[67] on Houston Street near the Film Forum.

text: Education[edit]

text: Greenwich Village residents are zoned to two elementary schools: PS 3, Melser Charrette School, and PS 41, Greenwich Village School. Residents are zoned to Baruch Middle School 104. Residents apply to various New York City high schools. Greenwich Village High School was a private high school formerly located in the area, but later moved to SoHo.[68][69][70]

text: Greenwich Village is home to New York University, which owns large sections of the area and most of the buildings around Washington Square Park.[7][8] To the north is the campus of The New School, which is housed in several buildings that are considered historical landmarks because of their innovative architecture.[71] New School's Sheila Johnson Design Center doubles as a public art gallery.[72] Cooper Union has been located in the East Village since its founding in 1859.[73][74]

text: Notable residents[edit]

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text: Greenwich Village has long been a popular neighborhood for numerous artists and other notable people. Past and present notable residents include:

text:
Edward Albee, playwright[75][75]
Alec Baldwin, actor[76][77]
Richard Barone, musician, producer[78]
Brie Bella (born 1986), wrestler[citation needed]
Nate Berkus, interior designer[79]
Matthew Broderick, actor[77][80]
Barbara Pierce Bush, daughter of former U.S. President George W. Bush[81]
Francesco Carrozzini (born 1982), film director and photographer[82]
Jessica Chastain, actress[77]
Francesco Clemente (born 1952) contemporary artist[82]
Jacob Cohen (1923-1983), statistician and psychologist[83]
Anderson Cooper, CNN anchor[77][84]
Robert De Niro (born 1943), actor[85]
Brian De Palma (born 1940), screenwriter[77]
Floyd Dell (1887-1969), novelist, playwright, poet and managing editor of The Masses[86]
Leonardo DiCaprio (born 1974), actor[77]
Steve Earle (born 1955), musician[87]
Crystal Eastman (1881-1928), lawyer and leader in the fight for woman's suffrage[88]
Maurice Evans (1901-1989), British actor noted for his interpretations of Shakespearean characters[75]
Andrew Garfield (born 1983), actor[citation needed]
John P. Hammond (born 1942), blues singer and guitarist[82]
Jerry Herman (born 1931), composer and lyricist[89]
Marc Jacobs, fashion designer[90]
Annie Leibovitz (born 1949), photographer[77]
Arthur MacArthur IV (born 1938), musician, son of General Douglas MacArthur[91]
Edna St. Vincent Millay, poet and playwright[92]
Julianne Moore (born 1960), actress[93]
Bebe Neuwirth (born 1958), actress[94]
Edward Norton (born 1969), actor and filmmaker[citation needed]
Rosie O'Donnell, actress and comedian[77]
Mary-Kate Olsen, actress and fashion designer[77]
Mary-Louise Parker, actress[77]
Sarah Jessica Parker, actress[77]
Sean Parker (born 1979), entrepreneur[77]
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849), poet and novelist[95]
Leontyne Price (born 1927), soprano[96]
Daniel Radcliffe (born 1989), actor[97]
Gilda Radner (1946-1989), actress and comedian[77]
Rachael Ray, television personality and cook[77]
Julia Roberts, actress[77]
Susan Sarandon (born 1946), actress[77]
John Sebastian (born 1944), musician[98]
Amy Sedaris (born 1961), actress[99]
James Spader, actor[100]
Pat Steir (born 1938), painter and printmaker[82]
Emma Stone (born 1988), actress[citation needed]
Uma Thurman (born 1970), actress[81][101]
Marisa Tomei (born 1964), actress[citation needed]
Calvin Trillin (born 1935), feature writer for The New Yorker magazine.[102]
Liv Tyler (born 1977), actress[103]
Edgar Varèse (1883-1965), French-born composer [82]
Anna Wintour (born 1949), editor-in-chief of Vogue magazine[82]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Comics

text:
In the DC Comics universe, Wonder Woman lived in the "Village" in New York City (never called by its full name, but clearly depicted as Greenwich Village) during the late 1960s and early 1970s, when she had lost most of her superpowers. Madame Xanadu lived on Chrystie Street, described alternately as being in "Greenwich Village" and the "East Village."
In the Marvel Comics universe, Master of the Mystic Arts and Sorcerer Supreme, Doctor Strange, lives in a brownstone mansion in Greenwich Village. Doctor Strange's Sanctum Sanctorum is located at 177A Bleecker Street.

text: Film

text:
In Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window (1954) James Stewart's character lives in a Greenwich Village apartment.[104]
In Wonderful Town (1953), the Sherwood sisters leave 1935 Columbus, Ohio, for Greenwich Village to pursue their dreams of becoming a writer (Ruth) and an actress (Eileen). Their apartment was said to be on Christopher Street, though the actual apartment of author Ruth McKenney and her sister Eileen McKenney was at 14 Gay Street.
In Funny Face (1957), Jo Stockton (Audrey Hepburn) works at a bookstore called Embryo Concepts in the Village, where she is discovered by Dick Avery (Fred Astaire).[105]
In Wait Until Dark (1967), Susy Hendrix (Audrey Hepburn) lives at 4 St. Luke's Place.[106]
Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976) chronicles the story of a young Jewish boy in 1953 who moves to the Village, looking to break into acting.
The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984 centers on a maître d' (Mickey Rourke) in the Italian section of the Village.
Big Daddy (1999), Adam Sandler and Cole/Dylan Sprouse's characters live in a Greenwich Village apartment.
Chinese Coffee (2000), an independent film by Al Pacino, which features Pacino and Jerry Orbach, is set in Greenwich Village in 1982.
The Collector of Bedford Street (2002) is a documentary set in Greenwich village. It is about the neighborhood block association on Bedford street setting up a trust fund for a mentally disabled man named Larry Selman.[107]
In I Am Legend (2007) Will Smith's character lives in Washington Square.
Greenwich Village is the setting for the restaurant 22 Bleecker in the Catherine Zeta-Jones, Aaron Eckhart and Abigail Breslin movie No Reservations (2007).
In Wanderlust (2012) the characters played by Paul Rudd and Jennifer Aniston live in a New York City apartment located in the West Village.
The Coen brothers' Inside Llewyn Davis (2013) depicts the Village in the early 1960s, focusing on the emerging folk scene.[108]

text: Games

text: Greenwich Village is a playable multiplayer map in the Freedom Fighters (2003) video game.

text: Literature

text:
In her non-fiction, Jane Jacobs frequently cites Greenwich Village as an example of a vibrant urban community, most notably in her 1961 book The Death and Life of Great American Cities.[109]
O. Henry's short story, "The Last Leaf", is set in Greenwich Village.
The anti-hero of the book Mother Night by author Kurt Vonnegut, and the film of the same name, Howard W. Campbell Jr., resides in Greenwich Village after World War II and prior to his arrest by the Israelis.[110]
In Lesley M. M. Blume's children's novel, Cornelia and the Audacious Escapades of the Somerset Sisters, the main characters reside in Greenwich Village.[111]
The suggestion of moving to the Village shocks newlywed New York aristocrat Jamie "Rick" Ricklehouse in Nora Johnson's 1985 novel Tender Offer. The implication is telling of the Village's reputation in the New York of the 1960s before mass gentrification when it was perceived as lowly and beneath upper class society.[112]

text: Music

text:
The cover photo for The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963) of Dylan and his then-girlfriend Suze Rotolo was taken on Jones Street near West 4th Street in Greenwich Village, near their apartment.[113]
In an interview with Jann Wenner, John Lennon said: "I should have been born in New York, I should have been born in the Village, that's where I belong.".[114]
Buddy Holly and his wife Maria Elena Santiago lived in Apartment 4H of the Brevoort Apartments, at 11 Fifth Avenue in Greenwich Village. Here he recorded the series of acoustic songs, including "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" and "What to Do," known as the "Apartment Tapes," which were released after his death.[115]

text: Television

text:
The ABC sitcom Barney Miller (1975–82) was set at the fictional 12th precinct NYPD station in Greenwich Village.
The NBC sitcom Friends (1994–2004) is set in the Village. Central Perk was apparently on Mercer or Houston Street, down the block from the Angelika Film Center;[note 4] and Phoebe lived at 5 Morton Street.[116] The building in the exterior shot of Chandler, Joey, Rachel, and Monica's apartment building is at the corner of Grove and Bedford Streets in the West Village.[117] One of the show's working titles was Once Upon a Time in the West Village.
The Village features prominently throughout the six seasons of Mad Men. In Season 1, Don Draper is having an affair with artist Midge Daniels, who lives in the Village. In Season 4, Don moves to an apartment on Waverly Place and Sixth Avenue (specified, for example, in "Public Relations"). And in Season 6, Betty Francis goes to Greenwich Village looking for a family friend, in "The Doorway", and Joan Harris and her girlfriend Kate go on a night on the town that culminates at the Electric Circus, in "To Have and to Hold".[118][119]
On Sex and the City (1998–2004), exterior shots of Carrie Bradshaw's apartment building are of 66 Perry Street, even though her address is given as on the Upper East Side.[citation needed]
The NBC Sitcom The Cosby Show (1984–92) made several references to the Village during its run, and the townhouse used for exterior shots, though purportedly set in Brooklyn for purposes of the show, is actually located at 10 St. Luke's Place.[citation needed]
The Real World: Back to New York, the 2001 season of the MTV reality television series The Real World, was filmed in the Village.[120]
Village Barn (1948–50), the first country music show on network television (NBC) originated from a nightclub of the same name in the basement of 52 West 8th Street.
Greenwich Village is the setting for Disney's Wizards of Waverly Place and Girl Meets World.

text: Theater

text: Bell, Book and Candle


document_title: Quando quando quando

question_text: who sings with michael buble on quando quando quando

root

text: Quando quando quando

text: English-language versions[edit]

text: The title translates as "When, When, When".

tag: p

text: The song has been used and remixed by many artists and in many different arrangements, including English pop singer Engelbert Humperdinck in 1968. In 2005, Michael Bublé performed the song as a duet with Nelly Furtado. There is an instrumental Latin version by Edgardo Cintron and The Tiempos Noventa Orchestra. The song was a 1962 Billboard Top 100 entry by Pat Boone.

text: Quando is the only Italian word normally retained in most English-language renditions of the song.

text:
Pat Boone sang the starting piece in Italian but then carried on the rest of it in English, repeating every now and again some Italian words.
The Italian words sung by Boone are:

text: (in cui means when, or in which.)

text: Other singers who played the song include:

text:
Connie Francis, American pop singer of Italian origin, sang in Italian in 1963
Bobby Curtola, Canadian singer, charted with it in 1967
Cliff Richard, English singer, in 1968
Engelbert Humperdinck, English singer, in 1968
Marc Ansoult, Belgian singer in 1968
Sergio Franchi recorded the song (mostly in Italian, with short chorus in English) on his 1965 RCA Victor album Live at the Coconut Grove.[4]
Liz Damon's Orient Express recorded a version in the early 1970s.
Michael Bublé recorded a duet version with Nelly Furtado in 2005.
Lovro Krišelj recorded a duet version with Neža Čadež with Gimnazija Kranj Symphony Orchestra in 2017.

text: Other versions[edit]

text:
Tony Renis, an Italian singer and composer, wrote the song with Alberto Testa in 1962 and performed it at the Sanremo Music Festival the same year.
Caterina Valente, an Italian singer, recorded a German version in 1962 "Sag mir Quando, Quando, Quando"
Tito Rodríguez, a Puerto Rican conductor, arranger and singer recorded this song in mambo style, entitled "Cuando, cuando, cuando".
Roberto Blanco, a singer of Cuban origins working in Germany, sings in a mixed German and Italian.
Sinn Sisamouth, a Khmer singer, recorded a Cambodian version in the 1960s.
Tiiu Varik, Estonian singer, recorded Estonian version in 1964 for Estonian Television. Later also other artists, for example Mati Nuude and Toomas Anni recorded that song.
Jüri Lipp, an Estonian singer in Canada, recorded an Estonian version in 1968.
Gisella Cozzo, an Italo-Australian singer song-songwriter, sang both the English and Italian versions in her album Double released in 2015.
Teddy Mac – The Songaminute Man, in 2016, a gentleman who at 80 recorded "Quando, Quando, Quando" with "You Make Me Feel So Young" at Abbey Road after his son uploaded his videos to YouTube featuring the two of them singing along with the stereo while riding in the car. Proceeds from sales of the song are split between Teddy and his wife and the Alzheimer's Society in England, as Teddy has Alzheimer's.
Deana Martin recorded "Quando, Quando, Quando" on her 2016 album Swing Street.
Marco T, 2014 a Colombian singer recorded a Spanish version
Bunny Walters, released as the B side of his 1973 single ""Home Isn't Home Anymore".

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The song was used prominently in the 1962 Italian movie The Easy Life.
The song was used in the movie The Blues Brothers (1980): when the main protagonists Jake and Elwood first encounter Murph and The Magictones, they are playing this song at the Holiday Inn.
In the extended cut of the Ivan Reitman film Stripes (1981), Bill Murray begins singing this to avoid being killed by Colombian mercenaries. This scene was not in the theatrical cut.
The song title was used in 1999 as the title of a BBC Radio 4 situation comedy series about three Italian hairdressers.
The song can be heard at the beginning of the 2004 Russian movie A Driver for Vera.
Rory Bremner parodied the song in the 2006 season of the Bremner, Bird and Fortune TV series, playing Gordon Brown and Tony Blair with the former asking when the then-prime minister would be leaving office.
It was also used in 2008 in the Fiat Punto advertisements, mimicking the "Italian Job".
In the 2006 film Superman Returns, the theme is performed by The Drifters in the elevator scene when Clark Kent and Lois Lane are in the middle of several people reading about the Man of Steel's return in the Daily Planet.
In Rainer Werner Fassbinder's movie The Merchant of Four Seasons a remake of this song plays a central role in the relationship between the two main characters.
Dewey performs a ribbon dance whilst singing the song to distract Lois in season 5 of Malcolm in the Middle.
In Kalyeserye, a soap opera parody in the Philippines longest running noontime variety show Eat Bulaga!, all of Tinidora's dead-like bodyguards are named "Quando" which is based from this song.
The Engelbert Humperdinck version of the song plays over the end-credits of the 2018 movie, Game Night.


document_title: Black Lightning (TV series)

question_text: black lightning season 1 episode 6 air date

text: Black Lightning (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: High school principal Jefferson Pierce, who retired from his superhero persona Black Lightning nine years ago after seeing the effects it had on his family, is forced to become a vigilante again when the rise of the local gang called the 100 leads to increased crime and corruption in his community of Freeland.[3]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Cress Williams as Jefferson Pierce / Black Lightning: A retired superhero with the ability to harness and manipulate electricity who works as a principal at Garfield High School. He returns to fighting crime after his daughters are kidnapped by a local gang.[4][3] Kaden Washington Lewis portrays as teenage Jefferson Pierce.
China Anne McClain as Jennifer Pierce: Jefferson's younger daughter, who is "an independent, outspoken scholar-athlete with a wild streak of her own",[5] who also possesses powers where her cells start generating energy; her electric power is red unlike her father's which is blue.[6]
Nafessa Williams as Anissa Pierce / Thunder: Jefferson's elder daughter who is in medical school and teaches part-time at Jefferson's school.[5] Anissa is a metahuman like her father, having an ability to manipulate her density with her breathing and emotions, endowing herself with superhuman strength and near invulnerablity. She can also create powerful shockwaves against opponents with this power during combat. In addition, she has an accelerated healing factor. She eventually fights crime as Thunder,[6] and later becomes her father's protégée and partner. Describing her character as a positive role model, Williams said "I'm just really grateful to tell the story for young lesbians — and black lesbians in particular ... My hope is that when you watch Anissa, a young lesbian is inspired to walk boldly as who she is and to love herself and to love herself exactly how she looks."[7]
Christine Adams as Lynn Stewart: A neuroscientist at Bowman College and Jefferson's ex-wife.[8]
Marvin "Krondon" Jones III as Tobias Whale: A former politician who rose through the ranks of local government through corruption but was brought down by Jefferson's father, Alvin. After killing Alvin, Tobias was exiled and became the leader of the 100.[9] Despite being Black Lightning's chief adversary and wants to kill him, Whale also becomes involved with the A.S.A.'s efforts to capture and study him.
Damon Gupton as Billy Henderson: A veteran detective inspector with the police who becomes an unlikely ally to Jefferson, despite his role in the community. After exposing the dirty Deputy Chief, Cayman, he is appointed to replace him.[10]
James Remar as Peter Gambi: Jefferson's oldest friend who became a father figure and mentor to him and works as his "tailor" while having connections with Lady Eve. His real name is Peter Esposito and was a former member of the A.S.A. until he turned against the organization and gave information to Alvin Pierce, resulting in his murder.[10]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Kyanna Simone Simpson as Kiesha Henderson: Jennifer Pierce's best friend and the daughter of Billy Henderson, who encourages Jennifer to challenge her perfect image.[11]
Skye P. Marshall as Kara Fowdy: Garfield High's vice-principal. She is later revealed to be a spotter for the A.S.A. who reports on metahuman sightings at the school to them.[12]
William Catlett as Latavius "Lala" Johnson / Tattoo Man: A member of the 100 who is in charge of the Seahorse Motel that the 100 use as a front for their prostitution ring. He is killed by Tobias Whale for his repeated failures to dispose of Black Lightning, but is later resurrected by Lady Eve's magic dust and starts seeing Lawanda's ghost and Will's ghost where their tattoos appear on his body. In addition, he starts to demonstrate super-strength. After regaining control of Lala and mentioning the ghosts being a side effect of the reanimation project he was put through, Tobias uses him as a bomb mule in an attempt to kill Martin Proctor.
Dabier as Will: A member of the 100 and cousin of Lala who kidnaps Anissa and Jennifer. He is later killed by Lala for disappointing him and later appears as a ghost that only Lala can see.
Charlbi Dean as Syonide: Tobias Whale's henchwoman, hit person, and mob enforcer. As an infant, she was found in the dumpster with her umbilical cord wrapped around her. When she was eight years old, Tobias discovered her in an orphanage, where she was abused and malnourished. He took her in and trained her in the art of assassination while also having her put through a painful procedure that involved placing carbon fiber armor beneath her skin.
Eric Mendenhall as Joey Toledo: Tobias Whale's right-hand man and mob enforcer. He is killed by Gambi.
Tracey Bonner as Lawanda White: One of Jefferson's former students whose daughter was taken by the 100 under Lala's supervision. After Jefferson fails to help her as promised, Lawanda confronts Lala, who shoots and kills her mercilessly. Unknown to him, she recorded the entire exchange, which leads to his arrest and eventual death. Lawanda later turns up as a ghost that only Lala can see.[13]
Anthony Reynolds as Deputy Chief Zeke Cayman: A corrupt officer of the Freeland Police Department who has connections with the A.S.A and Tobias Whale. He is tasked by Kara with framing Jefferson for drug dealing, but is subsequently arrested and removed from the force thanks to an investigation by Henderson.
Jordan Calloway as Khalil Payne / Painkiller: A track star at Garfield High and Jennifer's ex boyfriend. After a bullet from Syonide's gun paralyzes him from the waist down, he becomes involved with Tobias Whale where he undergoes an experimental treatment involving a spinal implant that gives him enhanced abilities, becomes a cyborg in the process. Tobias Whale is the one who names Khalil's new form of Painkiller.[14]
Chantal Thuy as Grace Choi: A bartender who becomes Anissa's girlfriend.[15]
Jill Scott as Evelyn Stillwater-Ferguson / Lady Eve: The owner of a funeral parlor who connects Tobias Whale with a secret group of corrupt leaders that gave him leadership over the 100.[16] She is later murdered by Tobias as part of a plan to frame Black Lightning.
Edwina Findley as Tori Whale: Tobias Whale's younger sister who assists in his plot to destroy Black Lightning.[17] She is accidentally killed by a stray bullet while trying to escape from Black Lightning.
Gregg Henry as Martin Proctor: The leader of the A.S.A., who initially wants to kill Black Lightning, but changes his mind when he realizes that his DNA can be used to create metahuman soldiers. Peter Gambi is associated with him. During a confrontation at one of the warehouses storing the metahuman stasis pods, Martin is briefly attacked by Jennifer and shot by Gambi. Tobias Whale had his thumbs salvaged by an ally at the coroner's office in order to access the contents of his briefcase.

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Clifton Powell as Jeremiah Holt: A reverend looking to challenge the 100.[18][19]
Jason Louder as Frank "Two-Bits" Tanner: Jefferson's childhood friend who sells drugs and bootleg DVDs on the streets, and an occasional informant for Black Lightning.[20][21]
Antonio Fargas as David Poe: The editor of the "Freeland Gazette", who gives Anissa files that once belonged to her grandfather, Alvin. He is subsequently killed offscreen in a staged hit-and-run.[22]
Keith Arthur Bolden as Alvin Pierce: The father of Jefferson and friend of Peter Gambi who worked as a reporter. He was killed by Tobias Whale after exposing him for corruption.[23][24]
Josh Henry as Man in Lab Coat: An unnamed scientist working for the A.S.A. who oversees the stasis pods that the captured metahumans are in.[25][24]

text: Roland S. Martin and Nina Turner appeared as themselves in the pilot.[26] Journalist Amanda Davis has a posthumous cameo appearance in the debut episode.[26]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"The Resurrection"
Salim Akil
Salim Akil
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
T43.10001
2.31[27]

After his older daughter Anissa is arrested for protesting, high school principal and former superhero Jefferson Pierce is again pulled over for a crime he did not commit. The last straw comes when his youngest daughter, Jennifer, gets in trouble at a club owned by a gang called the "100" and he is forced to use his powers to rescue her. Peter Gambi, his mentor and friend, urges him to become Black Lightning again, but Jefferson refuses to break the promise he made to his ex-wife, Lynn, to give up heroics in hopes of reconciling with her. A 100 gangbanger named Will and his friends abduct Jennifer and Anissa despite an agreement between Jefferson and the gang. Lynn temporarily frees him from his promise in order to save their daughters. With Gambi's help, he rescues the girls from the 100 at the Seahorse Motel. However, he is unable to find Will's boss Lala. After being brought to the head of the 100, Tobias Whale, by his two underlings Syonide and Joey Toledo, Lala is instructed to kill Black Lightning. Anissa's trauma activates her own powers, causing her to break a sink in half.

2
"LaWanda: The Book of Hope"
Oz Scott
Salim Akil
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
T43.10002
1.94[28]

Jefferson assures Lynn that he is giving up his Black Lightning identity for good. However, he learns that the 100 are still running prostitutes at the Seahorse Motel and that his daughters are being targeted as witnesses. Jefferson asks Gambi to help him find Lala by hacking the police's database. Anissa's girlfriend offers to get her a therapist. Will escapes police custody, but is captured and executed by Lala. LaWanda, a former student of Jefferson's, tries to free her daughter from the grip of the 100 and he promises to help her. LaWanda is killed when she confronts Lala at the Seahorse Motel. Blaming himself for her death, Jefferson throws aside his concerns and prepares to go after the 100. Lynn visits Gambi and asks him to convince her husband otherwise, but he refuses. Using information from Will's recovered phone, Jefferson suits up and storms the hotel where Lala is hiding, beating him severely just before the police arrive to arrest him. While out shopping, Anissa subdues a robber with her powers. Using his connections with Deputy Chief Cayman after the Seahorse Motel was shut down, Tobias gets access to Lala's cell and strangles him with only one hand.

3
"LaWanda: The Book of Burial"
Mark Tonderai
Jan Nash
January 30, 2018 (2018-01-30)
T43.10003
2.21[29]

Following LaWanda's death, Reverend Holt plans to orchestrate a peace march in light of the 100's crime waves, much to the dismay of Jefferson and Inspector Henderson. Anissa meets Grace Choi and experiments with her new abilities. Tobias has an talk with Lady Eve and instructs his minions to massacre the peace march in exchange for Lala's place in the ranks. Though Black Lightning succeeds in stopping the assailant, Tobias is nearby as Syonide shoots Reverend Holt. The bullet goes through Reverend Holt and hits Khalil, Jennifer’s boyfriend. At the hospital, Jefferson sees the mixed news about the opinions of Black Lightning from the peace marchers and Inspector Henderson. At the tailor shop, Gambi deletes evidence that Tobias was the one responsible for the reverend and Khalil being shot. Back at the hospital, Lynn assures Anissa that she will be there for her. Jefferson and Jennifer tell them that Reverend Holt is doing well but Khalil won't walk again. As Jefferson embraces his family, he continues to see the news about Black Lightning as other peace marchers praise his heroic actions.

4
"Black Jesus"
Michael Schultz
Pat Charles
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
T43.10004
1.88[30]

One of Jefferson's students, Bernard, almost overdoses on a new strength-enhancing street drug, Green Light. Jefferson is forced to use his powers to knock him out. The school board wants Bernard expelled but lets him stay when Jefferson cedes final authority over student matters to the board. Gambi and Jefferson track Green Light to a mid-level dealer named Two Bits, an old friend of Jefferson's. When he dismisses Jefferson, Black Lightning gets him to reveal the location of a warehouse. Anissa and Grace are confronted outside a bar and Anissa uses her strength on the two thugs. Gambi erases the security footage, but keeps a photo of Anissa's footprint. Black Lightning saves Bernard from a drug den and Jefferson puts him in rehab. Jennifer quits track to focus on supporting Khalil. Lady Eve gets impatient with Tobias, who entered the criminal world after being forced out of city council for supposedly killing Black Lightning. Tobias has Joey Toledo murder the morgue doctor who told him Black Lighting was dead. Tobias' sister Tori arrives and proposes turning the people against Black Lightning. Tobias visits Khalil where he pays his medical bills and tells him it's Black Lightning's fault that he'll never walk again.

5
"And Then the Devil Brought the Plague: The Book of Green Light"
Rose Troche
Adam Giaudrone
February 13, 2018 (2018-02-13)
T43.10005
1.81[31]

Gambi alters Black Lightning's suit for flight. Jefferson experiences severe headaches. Tobias pays Gambi a visit, looking for the identity of Black Lightning but Gambi says he doesn't know; and that Tobias is breaking their deal by coming to him. Tracking Green Light, Black Lightning finds out it is coming from Joey Toledo. Jennifer defends herself against two girls at a skating rink. One girl's family is furious. While Jefferson and Lynn take responsibility upon being confronted by the family, they are impressed. Tori says Tobias needs to finally deal with their abusive father, Eldridge. Now an old man, Tobias breaks his father's back and convinces Tori to let him die. Anissa discovers that, decades ago, her grandfather, reporter Alvin Pierce, had a story on the disappearance of nine enhanced teenagers. The newspaper wouldn't print the story and Alvin was murdered a week later. Anissa visits the paper's editor who says "they" are still watching. Nevertheless, he gives her some files and Anissa suits up to explore a storage unit after putting together a costume from different clothes she purchases. On a tip from Inspector Henderson, Black Lightning confronts Toledo, but his headaches incapacitate him. This allows Toledo to escape as he vows to Black Lightning that Tobias Whale will kill him.

6
"Three Sevens: The Book of Thunder"
Benny Boom
Charles Holland
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
T43.10006
1.64[32]

After Joey Toledo contacts Deputy Chief Cayman about Black Lightning's sighting, Peter picks up Black Lightning before the police can find him and informs Lynn. The next day, Jefferson deals with Anissa getting in trouble with the police in relation to vandalism of a Confederate general's statue, as well as Fowdy showing cyber-bullying videos about Jennifer. Meanwhile, Lynn compares the brain scans of those on Green Light and Black Lightning. While Black Lightning prepares for a confrontation with Tobias, Anissa uses her powers to destroy the Confederate general's statue after she learns that someone was killed over it. Afterwards, Anissa contacts Lynn to reveal her powers. Due to an attack at the hospital, Black Lightning cancels his planned attack on Tobias. Anissa shows up and fights off the thieves; Black Lightning battles and injures her, thinking that she was a metahuman who attacked Lynn. After realizing who she is, Lynn and Jefferson call Peter for help. Peter visits Lady Eve, having trained her, and makes a deal to keep the Pierce family off-limits to The 100, who want to stop Lynn's research. Meanwhile, Khalil takes up Tobias's offer to walk again. Anissa awakes and finally discovers that her father is Black Lightning.

7
"Equinox: The Book of Fate"
Bille Woodruff
Lamont Magee
March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)
T43.10007
1.46[33]

Since the discovery of Anissa having developed metahuman powers, Lynn examines Anissa while Peter Gambi comes clean to Jefferson about not telling him that Tobias Whale is back in town. Investigating the break-in at the hospital, Inspector Henderson gets the description of the criminals responsible and thinks the 100 is behind this though the two thieves are killed. After visiting Lady Eve about Tobias Whale, a disguised Gambi enters Tobias's club and kills Toledo to make Tobias fall in line. Lynn asks Gambi to make a suit for Anissa. At a club that Tobias is attending, Black Lightning fights him and his henchmen which results in Tobias getting wounded and Tori accidentally getting killed by a stray bullet. During this time, Tobias Whale's henchmen use special electrical guns to kill Lady Eve and her minions. After a talk with Anissa, Black Lightning gets a call from Henderson believing he killed Lady Eve. In the final scene, Lala is in a hotel room as he is brought back to life with Lawanda's head tattooed on his chest.

8
"The Book of Revelations"
Tanya Hamilton
Jan Nash
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
T43.10008
1.45[34]

Two henchmen are surprised to see Lala back from the dead; while Lawanda talks to him encouraging violence and seducing him. Peter Gambi meets with A.S.A. member Martin Proctor who wants Black Lightning dead as a threat to the Freeland experiment. Examining Lady Eve's body, Jefferson and Anissa trace the weapon's radiation; finding it and the body of Lady Eve's killer. Meanwhile, Jennifer is startled at school, causing her to unlock her own electrical powers. After calling Henderson, Jefferson and Anissa hide nearby when they see someone coming close. While Jefferson sneaks up on the person, Anissa sees that it is about to explode and activates her powers to shield her father. Jefferson suspects The 100 intercepted his call to Henderson. Lynn finds that Greenlight was similar to a vaccine that was found in Alvin Pierce's locker from 30 years ago. Gambi admits that his real name is Peter Esposito and that he withheld some things to protect Jefferson and his family from the A.S.A. who made the vaccine and hunt metahumans. Jefferson warns Peter to stay away from his family. In the final scene, Jennifer confides in Anissa about her electrical powers.

9
"The Book of Little Black Lies"
Tawnia McKernan
Keli Goff
March 20, 2018 (2018-03-20)
T43.10009
1.55[35]

Anissa reveals her own powers and the fact their father is Black Lightning to Jennifer; and she feels lied to by her parents all her life. Three separate investigations of Inspector Henderson into the corrupt police officers, Peter into the electrical weapons, and Jefferson and Anissa into Green Light from Alvin's research all lead to the same lab where the drug is currently being manufactured. Peter gives Anissa her costume as Thunder and says he made a mistake in keeping secrets, but he was just trying to protect the ones he loves. With help from her mother, Jennifer is able to see why her parents lied but doesn't want to save the world, mourning her loss of her chance at a normal life. Black Lightning and Thunder attack the Green Light lab together and Inspector Henderson is able to make a few arrests before they blow it up. A.S.A. agents attack with weapons to disable Black Lightning's powers, but Thunder saves him. At home, Jennifer is able to forgive her father who promises to be honest with her from now on.

10
"Sins of the Father: The Book of Redemption"
Eric Laneuville
Pat Charles
March 27, 2018 (2018-03-27)
T43.10010
1.55[36]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Thunder investigates Peter's tip about the kids from 30 years ago and finds they are still alive. When she brings Black Lightning to the lab, it's empty and they fight off ASA agents again. Two Bits sees one of Jefferson's students display powers and get kidnapped, telling Jefferson. Meanwhile, Lala begins seeing Will, now also tattooed on his chest, as a ghost while taking over The 100 to sell traditional drugs again while planning revenge on Tobias Whale. He even displayed increased strength on anyone who disagrees with the plan. Anissa and Jennifer argue about powers again causing Jennifer's whole body to flare up with electricity. Lynn finds that while their father is like a battery manipulating electricity, Jennifer can generate it. Martin Proctor and the A.S.A. kidnap and torture Peter, demanding Black Lightning's identity. Under orders of Martin, two A.S.A. agents take Jefferson away while he mentors a child to get Peter to talk. Jefferson uses his powers, allowing Peter to kill two A.S.A. agents. Peter begins healing in his basement base and the Pierce family hides in Alvin's old house. Peter tells Jefferson to find the new A.S.A. spotter in the community that finds kids with powers. At the new location of the stasis pods holding the kids, Martin has realized that Jefferson is Black Lightning after putting two and two together and informs Vice-Principal Fowdy about it as she is revealed to be the A.S.A.'s new spotter.

11
"Black Jesus: The Book of Crucifixion"
Michael Schultz
Melora Rivera
April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03)
T43.10011
1.50[37]

Black Lightning and Thunder raid another location and find that the bodies have been moved again. Vice-Principal Kara Fowdy tells a scientist to keep an eye on the stasis pods stable, but one teenager from 30 years ago dies. From the shadows, Fowdy instructs Deputy Chief Cayman to have Jefferson framed for possession of Greenlight. In an online discussion with her bosses, Fowdy is told that the federal agents will take Jefferson to the black site to determine if he is Black Lightning. While Lynn tries to find a lawyer that can defend Jefferson, Henderson visits Jefferson's cell, as he acts out an interrogation with Jefferson by talking about why his daughters were kidnapped by Lala. Thanks to Peter, Thunder runs after his remote-controlled car using a hologram of Black Lightning; to fool everyone into believing Jefferson cannot be Black Lightning. Henderson is able to catch one of the corrupt officers and convinces him to snitch on the rest. Henderson has Jefferson released and Cayman is arrested for his corruption. Jefferson has been exonerated and Henderson has been sworn in as the new Deputy Chief of Police. Peter joins the Pierce family for dinner to celebrate Jefferson's exoneration.

12
"The Resurrection and the Light: The Book of Pain"
Oz Scott
Jan Nash & Adam Giaudrone
April 10, 2018 (2018-04-10)
T13.10012
1.54[38]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Khalil resurfaces where he now has a spinal implant that makes him walk again. Peter Gambi confronts a weapon maker for information about Martin Proctor. While the weapon maker finds the information, he is confronted by Lala, who acted strange after hearing the phrase "The devil deals the cards." Meanwhile, Lynn works to help Jennifer with her condition. Under orders of Tobias Whale, Khalil as Painkiller, attacks Jefferson High using paralysis needles based from a toxin his implant now creates; to draw out Black Lightning so that they can find out who he is. When Black Lightning confronts Khalil, Tobias joins the fight. As Jennifer works to get control of her abilities, Thunder faces off against Syonide where she manages to get a cut in Syonide's left arm under her internal body armor. As Tobias restrains Black Lightning, Khalil does a strike that accidentally stops Black Lightning's heart. Tobias reprimands Khalil for that action. When Thunder appears, Syonide covers their escape as Jennifer builds up enough energy to resuscitate Black Lightning. Falling back to a cabin in the woods at North Freeland, Peter cloaks them from tracking. Following the incident at the school, Martin Proctor tells Kara Fowdy to find Black Lightning even if she has to burn Freeland to do it. Meanwhile, Lala is brought to Tobias Whale by Syonide, who is unsurprised to see Lala alive. Using the phrase, Tobias is able to control Lala and plans on taking out Martin Proctor next.

13
"Shadow of Death: The Book of War"
Salim Akil
Charles D. Holland
April 17, 2018 (2018-04-17)
T43.10013
1.68[39]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Near death in North Freeland, Jefferson remembers and speaks with his father Alvin, who motivates him to wake up, though his powers are gone. With the pods from thirty years ago dying, Martin Proctor demands Lala be brought to him for information on Tobias. Tobias had Lala revived and placed under his control. The tattoos are a side effect of the reanimation process to remind Lala of the ones he's killed. Tobias nicknames him Tattoo Man. He sends him with a bomb inside his stomach to the A.S.A. which kills a few agents. As Proctor sends agents to the cabin, Inspector Henderson gets word and the police pursue. Jennifer is able to use her powers to restore her father's. The entire Pierce family and Peter are able to defeat the A.S.A. agents and avoid the police. Meanwhile, Tobias, Syonide and Painkiller attack the A.S.A. headquarters and only Martin is able to escape. He goes to the pods where the Pierce family confronts him and Peter realizes he is running a rogue operation as Gambi kills him while the scientist watching them states their current condition. Though Lynn is unable to save the pods' occupants without Martin's briefcase, she exposes the experiments to the media in retaliation of the A.S.A's attacks, causing a government scandal. The public recognizes Black Lightning and Thunder as public heroes for having stopped the rogue government conspiracy. As the Pierce family vows to protect Freeland, Tobias opens Martin's briefcase using Martin's thumbs that Syonide obtains from Tobias' ally at the coroner's office. This gives him something he needs to be Freeland's king and to take out Black Lightning.

tag: table

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In September 2016, after being in various stages of development, Warner Bros. Television began pitching Black Lightning to networks.[40] The project was being developed by Mara Brock Akil and her husband, Salim Akil. They were partnered with Greg Berlanti, who was behind several DC Comics properties for the studio, eventually landing at Fox with a pilot production commitment.[41] In February 2017, Fox opted not to go forward with the project, deciding that it was "not a good fit into its already crowded genre drama space".[42] Warner Bros. Television presented the project to other networks, with The CW officially ordering a pilot for Black Lightning.[43] The CW also opted to discard the original pilot script, as it had been written for Fox, and shoot a short presentation instead.[44] The CW officially ordered Black Lightning to series on May 10, 2017.[45]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Salim Akil stated that Black Lightning would not follow the villain of the week format or be a procedural, because he wanted to "explore the characters, even the villains".[46]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In late February 2017, Cress Williams was cast as Jefferson Pierce / Black Lightning,[4] followed a month later by the casting of China Anne McClain and Nafessa Williams as his daughters, Jennifer Pierce and Anissa Pierce, respectively,[5] and Christine Adams was cast as Lynn Pierce, Jefferson's ex-wife.[8] At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con International, it was announced that James Remar and Damon Gupton had joined the cast as Pierce's friend Peter Gambi and detective inspector Henderson, respectively.[10] The following month, Marvin "Krondon" Jones III of the hip hop group Strong Arm Steady was cast as Tobias Whale.[9]

text: At the end of September 2017, Kyanna Simone Simpson was cast as the recurring role Kiesha.[11] The following month, Edwina Findley joined the cast as Tori Whale,[17] while Chantal Thuy was cast as Grace Choi.[15] In January 2018, it was revealed that Skye Marshall had been cast as Mrs. Frowdy.[12]

text: Design[edit]

text: Black Lightning's costume was designed by Laura Jean Shannon.[47]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming for the series takes place in Atlanta.[3][48] Filming for the first season began August 14 2017.[49]

text: Music[edit]

text: Kurt Farquhar composes the soundtrack for the series while Godholly provides original music for the series. These tracks include "Black Lightning", "Power", "Green Light", "Welcome to Freeland", "Can't Go" and "Thunder".[citation needed]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Black Lightning began airing on The CW on January 16, 2018,[50] and is set to run for 13 episodes.[51] Each episode airs a week later on Netflix across Western Europe.[52]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The first season will be released on Blu-ray and DVD in Region 1 on June 26, 2018.[53]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"The Resurrection"
January 16, 2018
0.8/3
2.31[27]
N/A
1.32
N/A
3.63[54]

2
"LaWanda: The Book of Hope"
January 23, 2018
0.6/2
1.94[28]
0.7
1.54
1.3
3.48[55]

3
"LaWanda: The Book of Burial"
January 30, 2018
0.8/3
2.21[29]
0.6
1.54
1.4
3.77[56]

4
"Black Jesus"
February 6, 2018
0.6/2
1.88[30]
0.6
1.39
1.2
3.27[57]

5
"And Then the Devil Brought the Plague: The Book of Green Light"
February 13, 2018
0.5/2
1.81[31]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

6
"Three Sevens: The Book of Thunder"
February 27, 2018
0.5/2
1.64[32]
0.5
1.17
1.0
2.80[58]

7
"Equinox: The Book of Fate"
March 6, 2018
0.5/2
1.46[33]
0.4
1.03
0.9
2.48[59]

8
"The Book of Revelations"
March 13, 2018
0.5/2
1.45[34]
0.4
0.96
0.9
2.41[60]

9
"The Book of Little Black Lies"
March 20, 2018
0.5/2
1.55[35]
0.4
0.91
0.9
2.47[61]

10
"Sins of the Father: The Book of Redemption"
March 27, 2018
0.5/2
1.55[36]
0.4
0.92
0.9
2.47[62]

11
"Black Jesus: The Book of Crucifixion"
April 3, 2018
0.5/2
1.50[37]
N/A
0.83
N/A
2.33[63]

12
"The Resurrection and the Light: The Book of Pain"
April 10, 2018
0.5/2
1.54[38]
N/A
0.86
N/A
2.40[64]

13
"Shadow of Death: The Book of War"
April 17, 2018
0.5/2
1.68[39]
0.4
N/A
0.9[65]
N/A

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has received a 97% approval rating, with an average rating of 8.3/10, based on 43 reviews.[66] The website's critical consensus reads, "Black Lightning doesn't reinvent superhero TV, but it does give the genre a necessary jolt with real-world plots, scary new villains, and a star-making performance from Cress Williams."[66] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 79 out of 100 based on 24 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[67]

text: Daniel Fienberg, in a review for The Hollywood Reporter, praised the series for being "smart and relevant and full of an attitude that's all its own."[68] The portrayal of Anissa Pierce as Thunder has received praise for making television history as the first black lesbian superhero.[69][70][71]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
Saturn Awards
Best Superhero Television Series
Black Lightning
Pending
[72]

text: Connection to the Arrowverse[edit]

text: Despite airing on The CW and being created by Berlanti, Mark Pedowitz, president of The CW said in May 2017 that the series "at this time, is not part of the Arrowverse. It is a separate situation."[3] Berlanti had previously stated when the series was in development at Fox that it would not crossover with his other DC Comics television properties on The CW nor would it exist in the Arrowverse.[73] However, Akil later stated that they were not ruling out eventual crossovers.[46] In August 2017, Pedowitz added, "If [the showrunners] wish to bring it in, that is their call. We had a long discussion with the studio, Mara, Salim, and myself. We were fine with them making it separate from the Arrowverse, they have a different point of view. If they end up wanting to go that way, that will be their decision."[74] Salim Akil noted references in the first season to the Arrowverse heroes Vixen and Supergirl were a "fun" way "to tease the fans". He also further reiterated that the series existed on a separate Earth from the other Arrowverse series, and was hopeful that any future crossover would involve the heroes of the other series visiting the world of Black Lightning.[75]


document_title: List of countries by the number of billionaires

question_text: how many billionaires are there in the us

text: Billionaires by continent

text:
World
rank
Continent
Number of
billionaires
[1]
Richest in the continent
Net worth in billions (USD)
Date updated

–
World
2,208
Jeff Bezos
132.8
May 2018

1
Asia
719
Ma Huateng
51.1
April 2018

2
North America
631
Jeff Bezos
132.8
May 2018

3
Europe
559
Bernard Arnault
83.7
May 2018

4
South America
85
Jorge Paulo Lemann
29.7
January 2018

5
Oceania
35
Gina Rinehart
17.40
2018

6
Africa
25
Aliko Dangote
14.1
March 2018

text: Billionaires by country or dependency

text:
Continents each country resides in:

  Asia
  North America
  Europe
  South America
  Oceania
  Africa
  Transcontinental

text:
World
rank
Country
Number of
billionaires
Richest in the country
Richest in the country's net worth in billions USD (year)

1
 United States
585
Jeff Bezos
132.8 (2018)

2
 China
476
Ma Huateng
51.1 (2018)

3
 India[3]
131
Mukesh Ambani
40.5 (2018)

4
 Germany
114
Beate Heister and Karl Albrecht Jr.
31.1 (2017)

5
 Russia
96
Leonid Mikhelson
18.4 (2017)

6
 Hong Kong
67
Li Ka-shing
37.7 (2018)

7
 United Kingdom
54
Hinduja family
19.8 (2018)

8
 Brazil
43
Jorge Paulo Lemann
29.7 (2018)

9
 Italy
42
Maria Franca Fissolo
2.2 (2018)

10
 Canada
39
David Thomson
27.2 (2017)

11
 France
38
Bernard Arnault
83.5 (2018)

 South Korea
38
Lee Kun-hee
20.6 (2018)

13
  Switzerland
36
Ernesto Bertarelli
9 (2017)

14
 Australia
33
Gina Rinehart
17.40 (2018)

 Japan
33
Masayoshi Son
23 (2018)

16
 Sweden
31
Stefan Persson
18.9 (2017)

 Taiwan
31
Terry Gou
10.6 (2017)

18
 Turkey
29
Murat Ülker
3.9 (2017)

19
 Spain
25
Amancio Ortega
68.4 (2018)

20
 Singapore
21
Robert and Philip Ng
9.7 (2017)

21
 Indonesia
20
Robert Budi Hartono
12.6 (2018)

 Thailand
20
Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi
19.9 (2018)

23
 Israel
18
Eyal Ofer
9.7 (2018)

24
 Mexico
15
Carlos Slim Helú
70.5 (2018)

25
 Philippines
14
Henry Sy
19.8 (2018)

 Norway
14
Odd Reitan
4.19 (2017)

27
 Chile
12
Iris Fontbona
16.3 (2018)

 Malaysia
12
Robert Kuok
15.4 (2018)

29
 Netherlands
10
Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken
16.1 (2018)

 Saudi Arabia
10
Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud
18.7

31
 Austria
8
Dietrich Mateschitz
21.2 (2018)

 Ireland
8
Pallonji Mistry
18.7 (2018)

 South Africa
8
Nicky Oppenheimer
7 (2017)

34
 Argentina
7
Alejandro Bulgheroni
3.5 (2017)

 Egypt
7
Nassef Sawiris
5.3 (2016)

 Finland
7
Antti Herlin
4.2 (2016)

 UAE
7
Al Ghurair Family
5.9 (2018)

37
 Cyprus
6
John Fredriksen
7.4 (2018)

 Czech Republic
6
Petr Kellner
11.4

 Denmark
6
Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen
5.5 (2018)

 Ukraine
6
Rinat Akhmetov
4.5

41
 Kazakhstan
5
Bulat Utemuratov
2.3 (2015)

 Peru
5
Carlos Rodriguez-Pastor
2.6 (2017)

43
 Greece
4
Spiros Latsis
3.2 (2018)

 Kuwait
4
Bassam and Kutayba Alghanim
1.4 (2018)

 Lebanon
4
Najib and Taha Mikati
2.7 (2018)

 Monaco
4
Tatiana Casiraghi
2.3 (2017)

 Poland
4
Dominika and Sebastian Kulczyk
3.8 (2018)

 Portugal
4
Américo Amorim
4.8 (2017)

 Vietnam
4
Pham Nhat Vuong
6.9 (2018)

49
 Colombia
3
Luis Carlos Sarmiento
11.3 (2017)

 Morocco
3
Othman Benjelloun
1.67 (2018)

 Nigeria
3
Aliko Dangote
14.1 (2018)

 Oman
3
Suhail Bahwan
3.4 (2018)

54
 Belgium
2
Albert Frère
5.2 (2017)

 New Zealand
2
Graeme Hart
10.3 (2018)

 St. Kitts & Nevis
2
Wu Xu
1.6 (2018)

 Venezuela
2
Juan Carlos Escotet
4.4 (2018)

59
 Algeria
1
Issad Rebrab
4.31 (2017)

 Angola
1
Isabel dos Santos
3.5 (2017)

 Bangladesh
1
Salman F Rahman
8.5

 Georgia
1
Bidzina Ivanishvili
4.5 (2017)

 Guernsey
1
Stephen Lansdown
2.4 (2018)

 Hungary
1
Sandor Csanyi
1.14 (2018)

 Iceland
1
Thor Björgólfsson
1.99 (2018)

 Jordan
1
Ziyad Manasir
1.1 (2015)

 Liechtenstein
1
Christoph Zeller
2.5 (2016)

 Macau
1
Hoi Kin Hong
1.58 (2018)

   Nepal
1
Binod Chaudhary
1.5 (2018)

 Romania
1
Ion Țiriac
1.19 (2018)

 Slovakia
1
Ivan Chrenko
1.31 (2018)

 Swaziland
1
Nathan Kirsh
3.9 (2017)

 Tanzania
1
Mohammed Dewji
1.52 (2018)

 Zimbabwe
1
Strive Masiyiwa
1.65 (2018)

text: Countries and dependencies without any billionaires yet

text: Updated on 22 May 2017

text:
Country/dependency
Richest in the country
Comments

A
 Abkhazia

 Afghanistan

 Albania

 American Samoa

 Andorra

 Anguilla

 Antigua and Barbuda

 Armenia

 Aruba

 Azerbaijan

B
 Bahamas

 Bahrain

 Barbados

 Belarus

 Belize

 Benin

 Bermuda

 Bhutan

 Bolivia

 Bonaire

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

 Botswana

 British Virgin Islands

 Brunei

 Bulgaria

 Burkina Faso

 Burundi

C
 Cambodia

 Cameroon

 Cape Verde

 Cayman Islands

 Central African Republic

 Chad

 Christmas Island

 Cocos (Keeling) Islands

 Comoros

 Cook Islands

 Costa Rica

 Croatia

 Cuba

 Curaçao

D
 Democratic Republic of the Congo

 Djibouti

 Dominica

 Dominican Republic

E
 East Timor

 Ecuador

 El Salvador

 Equatorial Guinea

 Eritrea

 Estonia

 Ethiopia

F
 Falkland Islands

 Faroe Islands

 Federated States of Micronesia

 Fiji

 French Polynesia

G
 Gabon

 Ghana

 Gibraltar

 Greenland

 Grenada

 Guam

 Guatemala

 Guinea

 Guinea-Bissau

 Guyana

H
 Haiti

 Honduras

I
 Iran

 Iraq

 Isle of Man

 Ivory Coast

J
 Jamaica

 Jersey

 Jordan

K
 Kenya

 Kiribati

 Kosovo

 Kyrgyzstan

L
 Laos

 Latvia

 Lesotho

 Liberia

 Libya

 Lithuania

 Luxembourg

M
 Macedonia

 Madagascar

 Malawi

 Maldives

 Mali

 Malta

 Marshall Islands

 Mauritania

 Mauritius

 Moldova

 Mongolia

 Montenegro

 Montserrat

 Mozambique

 Myanmar

N
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

 Namibia

 Nauru

 New Caledonia

 Nicaragua

 Niger

 Niue

 Norfolk Island

 North Korea

 Northern Cyprus

 Northern Mariana Islands

P
 Pakistan

 Palau

 Palestine

 Panama

 Papua New Guinea

 Paraguay

 Pitcairn Islands

 Puerto Rico

Q
 Qatar

R
 Republic of the Congo

 Rwanda

S
 Saba

 Saint Barthélemy

 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

 Saint Lucia

 Saint-Martin

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

 Samoa

 San Marino

 Senegal

 Serbia

 Seychelles

 Sierra Leone

 Sint Eustatius

 Sint Maarten

 Slovenia

 Solomon Islands

 Somalia

 South Ossetia

 South Sudan

 Sri Lanka

 Sudan

 Suriname

 Syria

 São Tomé and Príncipe

T
 Tajikistan

 The Gambia

 Togo

 Tokelau

 Tonga

 Transnistria

 Trinidad and Tobago

 Tunisia

 Turkmenistan

 Turks and Caicos Islands

 Tuvalu

U
 Uganda

 United States Virgin Islands

 Uruguay

 Uzbekistan

V
 Vanuatu

  Vatican City

W
 Wallis and Futuna

 Western Sahara

Y
 Yemen

Z
 Zambia


document_title: List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations

question_text: what us cities have the highest african american population

text: Cities with the highest percentage of Blacks or African-Americans[edit]

text:
Top Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population and the highest percentages of Blacks or African-Americans, alone or with other races[1]

City
Total Population
Black or African American, alone or with other races
Black or African American, alone
Mixed-race Black/African-American

Rank
Percentage of total population
Rank
Percentage of
total population
Rank
Percentage of
total population

Detroit, MI
713,777
1
84.3
1
82.7
83
1.6

Jackson, MS
173,514
2
80.1
2
79.4
242
0.7

Miami Gardens, FL
107,167
3
77.9
3
76.3
91
1.6

Birmingham, AL
212,237
4
74.0
4
73.4
257
0.6

Baltimore, MD
620,961
5
65.1
5
63.7
134
1.3

Memphis, TN
646,889
6
64.1
6
63.3
225
0.8

New Orleans, LA
343,831
7
61.2
7
60.2
184
1.0

Flint, MI
102,434
8
59.5
9
56.6
9
2.9

Montgomery, AL
205,764
9
57.4
8
56.6
231
0.8

Savannah, GA
136,286
10
56.7
10
55.4
139
1.3

text:
Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population and the highest percentage "Black in combination" (mixed with other races)[1]

City
Total
population
Black or African American, alone or mixed with other races
Black or African American, alone
Mixed-race Black/African-American

Rank
Percent of
total population
Rank
Percent of
total population
Rank
Percent of
total population

Lansing, MI
114,297
69
27.8
78
23.7
1
4.1

Tacoma, WA
198,397
132
15.0
145
11.2
2
3.8

Killeen, TX
127,921
40
37.9
46
34.1
3
3.8

Syracuse, NY
145,170
51
33.1
57
29.5
4
3.6

Providence, RI
178,042
109
19.4
114
16.0
5
3.3

Fairfield, CA
105,321
111
19.0
118
15.7
6
3.3

Rochester, NY
210,565
29
44.9
33
41.7
7
3.2

Fayetteville, NC
200,564
31
44.8
32
41.9
8
2.9

Vallejo, CA
115,942
81
24.9
83
22.1
10
2.9

text: Cities with the highest number of Black or African American people[edit]

text:
Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population
and the highest number of Blacks or African Americans[2]

City
Total
population
Black or African American,
alone or mixed with other races
Black or African American,
alone
Mixed-race Black/African-American

Rank
Number
Rank
Number
Rank
Number

New York, NY
8,175,133
1
2,228,145
1
2,088,510
1
139,635

Chicago, IL
2,695,598
2
913,009
2
887,608
3
25,401

Philadelphia, PA
1,526,006
3
686,870
3
661,839
4
25,031

Detroit, MI
713,777
4
601,988
4
590,226
13
11,762

Houston, TX
2,099,451
5
514,217
5
498,466
8
15,751

Memphis, TN
646,889
6
414,928
6
409,687
58
5,241

Baltimore, MD
620,961
7
403,998
7
395,781
29
8,217

Los Angeles, CA
3,792,621
8
402,448
8
365,118
2
37,330

Washington, DC
601,723
9
314,352
9
305,125
22
9,227

Dallas, TX
1,197,816
10
308,087
10
298,993
23
9,094

text: Select cities with a large percentage of Black or African American people[edit]

text: [dubious – discuss]

text: The following data was sourced from the 2010 U.S. Census.[citation needed]

text:
Rank
City
Percentage Black or African American
Total Black or African American

1
Detroit, MI
82.7
590,226

2
Jackson, MS
79.4
137,716

3
Chester, PA
77.8
26,429

4
Miami Gardens, FL
76.3
81,776

5
Orangeburg, SC
75.04
13,964

6
Birmingham, AL
73.4
155,791

7
Albany, GA
71.6
55,442

8
Baltimore, MD
63.7
395,781

9
Memphis, TN
63.3
409,687

10
New Orleans, LA
60.2
206,871

11
Baton Rouge, LA
58.5
126,250

12
Wilmington, DE
58
41,326

13
Flint, MI
56.6
57,939

14
Savannah, GA
55.4
75,507

15
Augusta, GA
54.7
107,182

16
Shreveport, LA
54.7
109,022

17
Montgomery, AL
54.5
116,524

18
Atlanta, GA
54.0
226,894

19
Cleveland, OH
53.3
211,672

20
Portsmouth, VA
53.3
50,878

21
Harrisburg, PA
52.4
25,957

22
Newark, NJ
52.4
145,085

23
Valdosta, GA
51.1
27,860

24
Washington, D.C.
50.7
305,125

25
Richmond, VA
50.6
103,342

26
Mobile, AL
50.6
98,691

27
St. Louis, MO
49.2
157,160

28
Danville, VA
48.3
43,055

29
Beaumont, TX
47.3
55,931

30
North Charleston, SC
47.2
45,964

31
Jackson, TN
45.7
29,802

32
Columbus, GA
45.5
86,398

33
Cincinnati, OH[3]
45.0
123,157

34
Saginaw, MI
44.9
23,127

35
Inglewood, CA
43.9
48,164

36
Philadelphia, PA
43.4
661,839

37
Norfolk, VA
43.1
104,672

38
Dayton, OH
42.9
60,705

39
Suffolk, VA
42.7
36,120

40
Little Rock, AR
42.3
81,889

41
Columbia, SC
42.2
54,537

42
Fayetteville, NC
41.9
82,235

43
Rochester, NY
41.7
87,897

44
Durham, NC
41.0
93,517

45
Fort Pierce, FL
40.9
17,617

46
Newport News, VA
40.7
73,514

47
Greensboro, NC
40.6
109,586

48
Milwaukee, WI
40.0
237,769

49
Hartford, CT
38.7
48,331

50
Buffalo, NY
38.6
100,774

51
Penn Hills, PA
37.1
15,688

52
McKeesport, PA
36.5
7,201

53
Bronx, NY[4]
36.5
505,200

54
New Haven, CT
35.4
45,938

55
Tallahassee, FL
35.0
63,475

56
Charlotte, NC
35.0
256,241

57
Chattanooga, TN
34.9
58,507

58
Winston-Salem, NC
34.7
79,598

59
Brooklyn, NY[4]
34.3
860,083

60
High Point, NC
33.0
34,532

61
Chicago, IL
32.9
887,608

62
Compton, CA
32.9
31,688

63
Cheltenham, PA
32.8
12,097

64
Hopkinsville, KY
31.9
10,273

65
Paterson, NJ
31.7
46,314

66
Greenville, SC
31.5
18,422

67
Huntsville, AL
31.2
56,229

68
Brockton, MA
31.2
30,147

69
Jacksonville, FL
30.7
252,421

70
Kansas City, MO
29.9
137,540

71
Raleigh, NC
29.3
117,160

72
Lafayette, LA
28.51
34,654

73
Orlando, FL
28.1
66,876

74
Columbus, OH
28.0
220,241

75
Oakland, CA
28.0
109,471

76
Nashville, TN
27.7
181,387

77
Hawthorne, CA
27.7
23,385

78
Upper Darby, PA
27.5
22,769

79
Indianapolis, IN
27.2
226,671

80
Toledo, OH
27.2
69,243

81
Kansas City, KS
26.8
39,080

82
Richmond, CA
26.6
27,542

83
South Bend, IN
26.6
26,906

84
Tampa, FL
26.2
87,872

85
Pittsburgh, PA
26.1
79,710

86
Charleston, SC
25.4
30,496

87
Dallas, TX
25.0
298,993

88
Boston, MA
24.4
150,437

89
Houston, TX
23.6
498,466

90
Springfield, MA
22.3
34,073

91
Louisville, KY
22.2
136,611

92
Queens, NY[4]
20.1
446,098

93
North Las Vegas, NV
19.9
47,502

94
Virginia Beach, VA
19.6
85,935

95
Minneapolis, MN
18.6
71,160

96
Erie, PA
16.8
17,141

97
Victorville, CA
16.8
19,483

98
Port St. Lucie, FL
16.3
27,876

99
Aurora, CO
15.7
51,196

100
Manhattan, NY[4]
15.6
246,687

101
Oklahoma City, OK
15.1
87,354

102
San Bernardino, CA
15.0
31,582

103
Sacramento, CA
14.6
68,335

104
Lexington, KY
14.5
46,110

105
Bowling Green, KY
13.9
9,067