document_title: List of Real Madrid C.F. records and statistics

question_text: who scored the most goals in real madrid

root

text: Players[edit]

text:
Competitive, professional matches only. Bold indicates player is still active at club level.
As of 26 August 2018

tag: p

text:
Name
Years
League
Cup
Europe[A]
Other[B]
Total

1
 Raúl
1994–2010
550
37
132
22
741

2
 Iker Casillas
1999–2015
510
40
152
23
725

3
 Manuel Sanchís
1983–2001
523
67
100
20
710

4
 Carlos Santillana
1971–1988
461
84
87
13
645

5
 Fernando Hierro
1989–2003
439
43
103
16
601

 Francisco Gento
1953–1971
428
74
95
4
601

7
 José Camacho
1973–1989
414
61
90
12
577

8
 Sergio Ramos
2005–present
393
52
114
8
567

9
 Pirri
1964–1980
417
67
75
2
561

10
 Míchel
1981–1996
404
53
88
14
559

tag: table

text: Others[edit]

text:
Player with most major trophies with Real Madrid : 23  Francisco Gento[2]
Youngest first-team player: 16 years, 157 days –  Martin Ødegaard v Getafe CF, 2014–15 La Liga, 23 May 2015[3]
Oldest post-Second World War player: 38 years, 233 days –  Ferenc Puskás v Sevilla, 1965–66 La Liga, 21 November 1965
Most appearances in La Liga: 550 –  Raúl
Most appearances in Copa del Rey: 84 –  Carlos Santillana
Most appearances in Copa de la Liga: 12
 Carlos Santillana
 Ricardo Gallego
Most appearances in Supercopa de España: 12
 Raúl
 Iker Casillas
 Sergio Ramos
Most appearances in International competitions: 1621 –  Iker Casillas
Most appearances in UEFA Club competitions: 1572 –  Iker Casillas
Most appearances in European competitions: 1553 –  Iker Casillas
Most appearances in UEFA Champions League: 152 –  Iker Casillas
Most appearances in UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 16 –  Gregorio Benito
Most appearances in UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: 44  Míchel
Most appearances in UEFA Super Cup: 4
 Dani Carvajal
 Sergio Ramos
 Karim Benzema
 Luka Modrić
 Marcelo
 Isco
Most appearances in Intercontinental Cup: 3
 Pachín
 Fernando Hierro
 Raúl
 Roberto Carlos
Most appearances in FIFA Club World Cup: 6
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Marcelo
 Karim Benzema
 Raphaël Varane
Most appearances as a foreign player in all competitions: 527 –  Roberto Carlos
Most appearances as a foreign player in La Liga: 370 –  Roberto Carlos
Most consecutive League appearances: 171 –  Alfredo Di Stéfano – from September 27, 1953 at February 22, 1959 is 5 years, 148 days

tag: ul

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text:
#
Name
Years
League[4]
Cup
Europe[A]
Other[B]
Total
Ratio

1
 Cristiano Ronaldo
2009–2018
311 (292)
22 (30)
105 (101)
12 (15)
450 (438)
1.03

2
 Raúl
1994–2010
228 (550)
18 (37)
66 (132)
11 (22)
323 (741)
0.44

3
 Alfredo Di Stéfano
1953–1964
216 (282)
40 (50)
49 (58)
3 (6)
308 (396)
0.78

4
 Carlos Santillana
1971–1988
186 (461)
49 (84)
47 (87)
8 (13)
290 (645)
0.45

5
 Ferenc Puskás
1958–1966
156 (180)
49 (41)
35 (39)
2 (2)
242 (262)
0.92

6
 Hugo Sánchez
1985–1992
164 (207)
19 (32)
23 (39)
2 (4)
208 (282)
0.74

7
 Karim Benzema
2009–present
129 (278)
15 (35)
44 (85)
6 (18)
195 (415)
0.47

8
 Francisco Gento
1952–1970
126 (428)
22 (74)
30 (95)
4 (4)
182 (601)
0.3

9
 Pirri
1964–1979
123 (417)
25 (67)
23 (75)
1 (2)
172 (561)
0.31

10
 Emilio Butragueño
1983–1995
123 (341)
16 (39)
27 (75)
5 (8)
171 (463)
0.37

text: By competition[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in all competitions: 450 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018
Most goals scored in La Liga: 311 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018
Most goals scored in Copa del Rey: 49
 Ferenc Puskás, 1958–1966
 Carlos Santillana, 1971–1988
Most goals scored in Copa de la Liga: 7 –  Carlos Santillana, 1971–1988
Most goals scored in Supercopa de España: 7 –  Raúl González, 1994–2010
Most goals scored in International competitions1: 113 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018
Most goals scored in European competitions2: 107  –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018
Most goals scored in European Cup: 49 –  Alfredo Di Stéfano, 1953–1964
Most goals scored in UEFA Champions League: 105 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018
Most goals scored in UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 11 –  Carlos Santillana, 1971–1988
Most goals scored in UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: 15 –  Carlos Santillana, 1971–1988
Most goals scored in UEFA Super Cup: 2
 Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018
 Sergio Ramos, 2005–2018
Most goals scored in Intercontinental Cup: 2 –  Ferenc Puskás, 1958–1966
Most goals scored in FIFA Club World Cup: 6 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018

text: In a single season[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a season in all competitions: 61 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2014–15
Most goals scored in a single La Liga season: 48 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2014–15
Most goals scored in a single Copa del Rey season: 15 –  Ferenc Puskás, 1960–61
Most goals scored in a single Copa de la Liga season: 4 –  Carlos Santillana, 1982–83
Most goals scored in a single European Cup season: 12 –  Ferenc Puskás, 1959–60
Most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League season: 17 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2013–14[5]
Most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League group stage: 11 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2015–16
Most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League knockout stage: 10 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2016–17
Most goals scored in a single UEFA Cup Winners' Cup season: 8 –  Carlos Santillana, 1982–83

text: In a single match[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a League match: 5
 Manuel Alday v Espanyol, 28 February 1943
 Antonio Alsúa v Castellón, 2 February 1947
 Miguel Muñoz v Lleida, 30 January 1951
 Pepillo II v Elche, 7 February 1960
 Ferenc Puskás v Elche, 22 January 1961
 Fernando Morientes v Las Palmas, 9 February 2002
 Cristiano Ronaldo v Granada, 5 April 2015[6]
 Cristiano Ronaldo v Espanyol, 12 September 2015
Most goals scored in a Copa del Rey match: 6
 Benguría v Extremeño, 6 March 1927
 Ferenc Puskás v Real Betis, 18 June 1961
Most goals scored in a Copa de la Liga match: 3
 Carlos Santillana v Real Zaragoza, 22 June 1983
Most goals scored in a Supercopa de España match: 3
 Raúl González v Zaragoza, 2001 Supercopa de España, 22 August 2001
Most goals scored in a European Cup match: 4
 Ferenc Puskás, v Eintracht Frankfurt, Final 1959–60, and v Feyenoord, Preliminary round 1965–66
 Alfredo Di Stéfano, v Sevilla, Quarter-final 1957–58, and v Wiener Sport-Club, Quarter-final 1958–59
 Hugo Sánchez v Swarovski Tirol, Second round 1990–91
Most goals scored in a UEFA Champions League match: 4
 Cristiano Ronaldo v Malmö, group stage 2015–16
Most goals scored in a UEFA Super Cup match: 2
 Cristiano Ronaldo v Sevilla, 2014 UEFA Super Cup, 12 August 2014
Most goals scored in an Intercontinental Cup match: 2
 Ferenc Puskás v Peñarol, 1960 Intercontinental Cup, 4 September 1960
Most goals scored in a FIFA Club World Cup match: 3
 Cristiano Ronaldo v Kashima Antlers, 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final, 18 December 2016

text: Others[edit]

text:
Youngest goalscorer: 17 years, 114 days –  Alberto Rivera v Celta de Vigo, 1994–95 La Liga, 10 June 1995
Oldest post-Second World War goalscorer: – 38 years, 233 days  Ferenc Puskás v Sevilla FC, 1965–66 La Liga, 21 November 1965
Most goals scored in European Cup Finals: 7
 Ferenc Puskás, four in 1960 and three in 1962.
 Alfredo Di Stéfano, one in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 and three in 1960
Fastest goal:
12 seconds –  Iván Zamorano v Sevilla FC, 1994–95 La Liga, 3 September 1994[7]
14 seconds –  Ronaldo v Atlético Madrid, 2003–04 La Liga, 3 December 2003[8]
Fastest hat-trick: 8 minutes
 Pepillo II v Real Sociedad, 1959–60 La Liga, 10 April 1960.[9]
 Cristiano Ronaldo v Granada, 2014–15 La Liga, 5 April 2015
Fastest four goals: 20 minutes –  Cristiano Ronaldo v Malmö FF, 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, 8 December 2015
Fastest five goals:  39 minutes –  Pepillo II v Elche CF, 1959–60 La Liga, 7 February 1960.[9]
Most hat-tricks in all competitions: 44 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018
Most hat-tricks in La Liga: 34 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2009–2018
Most hat-tricks in a single season: 8 –  Cristiano Ronaldo, 2014–15 (All in La Liga–once with four goals and once with five goals).

text: Historical goals[edit]

text:
Goal
Name
Date
Match

1st ever
 Arthur Johnson
13 May 1902
Barcelona 3 – Real Madrid 1

1st in La Liga
 Jaime Lazcano
10 February 1929
Real Madrid 5 – Europa 0

1st in European Cup
 Miguel Muñoz
8 September 1955
Servette 0 – Real Madrid 2

1000th in La Liga
 Pahiño
5 November 1950
Athletic 2 – Real Madrid 5

1000th in European Competition
 Karim Benzema
16 September 2014
Real Madrid 5 – FC Basel 1

2000th in La Liga
 Francisco Gento
9 November 1963
Real Madrid 3 – Pontevedra 1

3000th in La Liga
 Juanito
20 January 1982
Salamanca 1 – Real Madrid 3

4000th in La Liga
 Iván Zamorano
22 December 1994
Valladolid 0 – Real Madrid 5

5000th in La Liga
 Guti
14 September 2008
Real Madrid 4 – Numancia 3

6000th in La Liga
 Marco Asensio
18 February 2018
Real Betis 3 – Real Madrid 5

text: Internationals[edit]

text:
First international for Spain: Juan Monjardín, Spain  v Portugal  (17 December 1922)
Most international caps (total): 167 – Iker Casillas, Spain
Most international caps as a Real Madrid player: 162 – Iker Casillas, Spain
Most international goals (total): 85 – Cristiano Ronaldo, Portugal
Most international goals as a Real Madrid player: 63 – Cristiano Ronaldo, Portugal

text: Award winners[edit]

text: The following players have won the Ballon d'Or while playing for Real Madrid:[10]

text:
Alfredo Di Stéfano – 1957, 1959
 Raymond Kopa – 1958
 Luís Figo – 2000
 Ronaldo – 2002
 Fabio Cannavaro – 2006
 Cristiano Ronaldo – 2016, 2017

text: The following players have won the FIFA World Player of the Year award while playing for Real Madrid:

text:
Luís Figo – 2001
 Ronaldo – 2002
 Zinedine Zidane – 2003
 Fabio Cannavaro – 2006

text: The following players have won the FIFA Ballon d'Or while playing for Real Madrid:

text: Cristiano Ronaldo – 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017

text: The following players have won the Best FIFA Men's Player while playing for Real Madrid:

text: Cristiano Ronaldo – 2016, 2017

text: The following players have won the European Golden Shoe while playing for Real Madrid:

text:
Hugo Sánchez  – 1990 (38 goals)
 Cristiano Ronaldo  – 2011 (40 goals), 2014 (31 goals), 2015 (48 goals)

text: The following players have won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year award while playing for Real Madrid:

text:
Fernando Redondo – 2000
 Zinedine Zidane – 2002

text: The following players have won the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award while playing for Real Madrid:

text: Cristiano Ronaldo – 2014, 2016, 2017

text: Transfers[edit]

text: Highest transfer fees paid[edit]

text: Real Madrid's record signings are Gareth Bale and Cristiano Ronaldo. Bale, who signed for the club from Tottenham Hotspur for a fee which according to media reports is £86 million in September 2013. Ronaldo, who signed from Manchester United for a fee of £80 million in July 2009.

text:
Player

From

Transfer Fee(£ millions)[11][12]

Transfer Fee (€ millions)

Date

Ref

1
 Gareth Bale
 Tottenham Hotspur
£86
€100
September 2013
[13]

2
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Manchester United
£80
€94
June 2009
[14]

3
 Zinedine Zidane
 Juventus
£46.6
€77.5
July 2001
[15]

4
 James Rodríguez
 Monaco
£63
€76
July 2014
[16]

5
 Kaká
 Milan
£56
€67
June 2009
[17]

6
 Luís Figo
 Barcelona
£37
€62
July 2000
[18]

7

 Ronaldo

 Inter

£29

€46

August 2002

[19]

8

 Vinícius Júnior

 Flamengo

£39.6

€45

June 2017

[20]

9

 David Beckham

 Manchester United

£25

€37

June 2003

[21]

10

 Arjen Robben

 Chelsea

£24

€35

August 2007

[22]

text: Highest transfer fees received[edit]

text: The club's record sale came on 10 July 2018, when they sold Cristiano Ronaldo to Juventus.

text:
Player

To

Transfer fee(£ millions)[11][12]

Transfer fee (€ millions)

Date

Ref

1
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Juventus
£88,5
€105
July 2018

2
 Ángel Di María
 Manchester United
£59.7
€75.6
August 2014
[23]

3
 Álvaro Morata
 Chelsea
£58
€65.5
July 2017
[24]

4
 Mesut Özil
 Arsenal
£42.5
€50
September 2013
[25]

5
 Robinho
 Manchester City
£32.5
€42
September 2008
[26]

6
 Gonzalo Higuaín
 Napoli
£34.5
€40
July 2013
[27]

7
 Nicolas Anelka
 Paris Saint-Germain
£22.3
€34.5
July 2000
[28]

8
 Danilo
 Manchester City
£26.5
€31.5
July 2017
[29]

9
 Michael Owen
 Newcastle United
£16.8
€25.5
September 2005
[30]

10
 Jesé
 Paris Saint-Germain
£22.1
€25
August 2016
[31]

text: Managerial records[edit]

text:
First full-time manager:  Arthur Johnson.
Longest-serving manager by time:  Miguel Muñoz – 15 years in two spells from February 1959 to April 1959 and from April 1960 to January 1974.
Longest-serving manager by matches:  Miguel Muñoz – 604 matches.

text: Team records[edit]

text: Matches[edit]

text:
First competitive match: 1–3 v Barcelona, 1902 Copa de la Coronación, (Semi-final), 13 May 1902
First La Liga match: 5–0 v CE Europa, 1929 La Liga, 10 February 1929
First match at Santiago Bernabéu: 3–1 v Belenenses, 14 December 1947
First competitive match at Santiago Bernabéu: 3–1 v Español, 1947–48 La Liga, 18 December 1947
First Small Club World Cup match: 3–2 v La Salle, 1952 Small Club World Cup, (Group stage), 13 July 1952
First Latin Cup match: 2–0 v Belenenses, 1952 Latin Cup, (Semi-final), 22 May 1955
First European Cup match: 2–0 v Servette, 1955–56 European Cup, (Round 1 - First leg), 8 September 1955
First Intercontinental Cup match: 0–0 v Peñarol, 1960 Intercontinental Cup, (First leg), 3 July 1960
First UEFA Cup Winners' Cup match: 0–0 v Hibernians F.C., 1970–71 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, (Round 1 - First leg), 17 September 1970
First UEFA Cup match: 2–1 v Basel, 1971–72 UEFA Cup, (Round 1 - First leg), 15 September 1971
First UEFA Champions League match: 0–1 v Ajax, 1995–96 UEFA Champions League, (Group stage), 13 September 1995
First UEFA Super Cup match: 0–1 v Chelsea, 1998 UEFA Super Cup,  28 August 1998
First FIFA Club World Cup match: 3–1 v Al-Nassr, 2000 FIFA Club World Championship, (Group stage), 5 January 2000

text: Record wins[edit]

text:
Record League win: 11–2 against Elche (during the 1959–60 La Liga).
Record Cup win: 11–1 against Barcelona (during the 1942–43 Copa del Rey).
Record European win: 9–0 against B 1913 (during the 1961–62 European Cup).
Record home win: 11–2 against Elche (during the 1959–60 La Liga).
Record away win:

text: Record defeats[edit]

text:
Record League defeat: 1–8 against Espanyol (during the 1929–1930 La Liga).
Record Cup defeat: 0–6 against Valencia (during the 1998–99 Copa del Rey).
Record European defeat:

text:
Record home defeat: 0–6 against Athletic Club (during the 1930–1931 La Liga).
Record away defeat: 1–8 against Espanyol (during the 1929–1930 La Liga).

text: Streaks[edit]

text:
Longest unbeaten run (all major competitions): 40 matches (from 2015–16 UEFA Champions League quarter-finals first leg to day 16 2016–2017 season).
Longest unbeaten run (League): 28 matches (from day 27 2015–16 season, to day 16 2016–17 season).
Longest unbeaten home run (League): 121 matches (from 1956–57 season, to 1964–65 season).[32]
Longest unbeaten away run (League): 13 matches (from day 23 2016–17 season, to day 8 2017–18 season).
Longest unbeaten run from the first match of season (League): 28 matches (1988–89 season).
Longest winning streak (all major competitions): 22 matches (2014–15 season).
Longest winning streak (League): 16 matches (from day 27 2015–2016 season, to day 4 2016–2017 season).[33]
Longest winning home streak (League): 31 matches (from day 36 1987–88 season, to day 28 1988–89 season).
Longest winning away streak (League): 13 matches (from day 23 2016–17 season, to day 8 2017–18 season).
Longest winning streak from the first match of season (League): 9 matches (1968–69 season).
Longest drawing streak (League): 4 matches (2006–07 season).
Longest losing streak (League): 5 matches (2003–04 season, 2008–09 season).
Longest streak without a win (League): 9 matches (1984–85 season).
Longest scoring run (all major competitions): 73 matches (from 2015–16 UEFA Champions League semi-finals first leg, to day 4 2017–18 season).[34]
Longest scoring run (League): 54 matches (from day 27 2015–16 season, to day 4 2017–18 season).
Longest scoring home run (League): 26 matches (from day 28 2015–16 season, to day 3 2017–18 season).
Longest scoring away run (League): 35 matches (from day 18 2015–16 season, to day 10 2017–18 season).
Longest non-scoring run (League): 3 matches (2001–02 season).
Longest streak without conceding a goal (League): 7 matches (1997–98 season).

text: Wins/draws/losses in a season[edit]

text:
Most league wins in a season: 32 in 38 games (during the 2011–12 season).
Most league home wins in a season: 18 in 19 games (during 1987–88 and 2009–10 seasons).
Most league away wins in a season: 16 in 19 games (during the 2011–12 season).
Most league draws in a season: 15 in 34 games (during the 1978–79 season).
Most league defeats in a season: 13 in 34 games (during the 1973–74 season).
Fewest league wins in a season: 7 in 18 games (during the 1929–30 season).
Fewest league draws in a season:
1 in 18 games (during the 1929 season).
1 in 22 games (during the 1934–35 and 1939–40 season).
Fewest league defeats in a season: 0 in 18 games (during the 1931–32 season).

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most league goals scored in a season: 121 (during the 2011–12 season).
Most goals scored in a season in all competitions: 174 (during the 2011–12 season).
Season with the best goal difference in a League season: +89 in 2011–12 season.
Fewest league goals scored in a season: 24 (during the 1930–31 season).
Most league goals conceded in a season: 71 (during the 1950–51 season).
Fewest league goals conceded in a season: 15 (during the 1931–32 season).

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points in a season:
Two points for a win: 66 in 44 matches (during the 1986–87 season).
Three points for a win: 100 in 38 matches (during the 2011–12 season).[35]
Fewest points in a season:
Two points for a win: 17 in 18 matches (during the 1929–30 season).
Three points for a win: 70 in 42 matches (during the 1995–96 season).

text: Season-by-season performance[edit]

text: Footnotes[edit]


document_title: The Lion & the Mouse

question_text: when was the lion and the mouse written

question_tokens: when was the lion and the mouse written

text: The Lion & the Mouse

text:
The Lion & the Mouse

Front cover

Author
Jerry Pinkney

Illustrator
Jerry Pinkney

Country
United States

Genre
Children's picture book

Publisher
Little, Brown Books for Young Readers

Publication date

2009

Pages
40

ISBN
0-316-01356-0

OCLC
263604760

LC Class
PZ8.2.P456 Li 2009

text: Children's literature portal

text: The Lion & the Mouse is a children's picture book illustrated by Jerry Pinkney. Published in 2009, the book retells without words Aesop's fable of The Lion and the Mouse. Pinkney won the 2010 Caldecott Medal for his illustrations in the book.[1]

text: In the artist's note at the end of the book, Jerry Pinkney writes: "As a child I was inspired to see the majestic king of the jungle saved by the determination and hard work of a humble rodent; as an adult I've come to appreciate how both animals are equally large at heart: the courageous mouse and the lion who must rise above his beastly nature to set his small prey free."[this quote needs a citation]


document_title: Cop and a Half

question_text: who plays devon butler in cop and a half

text: Cop and a Half

text: Plot[edit]

text: This article needs an improved plot summary.  (September 2015)

text: Devon Butler (Golden) is an eight-year-old boy who lives in Tampa and dreams of being a cop. He watches police TV shows, knows police procedures and plays cops and robbers with his friend Ray. One day, while snooping around in a warehouse, he witnesses a murder. He goes to the police, who want the information, but he refuses to give it unless they make him a cop. They then team him with veteran cop (and child hater) Detective Nick McKenna (Reynolds), and they team up in a comic series of events to find the killer and take down a drug kingpin who ordered the hit. They eventually come to a mutual understanding in order to bring the killer to justice.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Burt Reynolds as Det. Nick McKenna[3]
Norman D. Golden II as Devon Butler
Ruby Dee as Rachel Baldwin
Holland Taylor as Captain Rubio
Ray Sharkey as Vinnie Fountain
Sammy Hernandez as Raymond Sanchez
Sean O'Neal (credited as Sean Evan O'Neal) as McNally
Frank Sivero as Chu
Rocky Giordani as Quintero
Marc Macaulay as Waldo
Tom McCleister as Rudy
Ralph Wilcox as Det. Matt McPhail
Tom Kouchalakos as Det. Jenkins

text: Production[edit]

text: Macaulay Culkin was approached to play the child.[4] Culkin dropped out, along with Kurt Russell, who was attached to play Det. McKenna, when the film was delayed for script rewrites.  The child co-star was rewritten to be female, then back to male once Golden was cast.[5]  Shooting took place in Tampa, Florida between April and June 1992.[6]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Joey Lawrence's "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" is used as the end title song.[5]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film holds a 17% approval rating at the film review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 2.8/10.[7] Jay Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel wrote, "Just about the only really enjoyable thing about Cop and a Half is Norman D. Golden II, who is genuinely cute and a pretty good little actor besides."[8] Film critic and historian Leonard Maltin called it "abjectly painful" and wrote, "And a hemorrhoid-and-a-half to anyone who sits all the way through it."[9] Critic Gene Siskel also excoriated the film, seeing it as indicative of "artistic bankruptcy" on Burt Reynolds' part, and singled out Norman D. Golden II's performance as "awkward". Siskel later called it the worst movie of 1993. Siskel speculated that NBC thought little of the film when they aired it in its broadcast-network debut, pointing out that they scheduled it opposite the 1997 Super Bowl.[10] However, Roger Ebert gave it 3 stars out of a possible 4, saying, "There isn't much that's original in Cop and a Half, but there's a lot that's entertaining, and there's a winning performance by a young man with a big name, Norman D. Golden II, who plays little Devon Butler, a kid who dreams of someday wearing the shield."[11]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film debuted at No.1.[12] In its second week it dropped to number 3.[13]  Industry analysists expected it to open with $4 million, but it grossed $6 million.[14] Variety attributed the film's opening to its poster, which they said is reminiscent of Kindergarten Cop.[15]  It grossed a total of $31.9 million in the US and another $8.8 in other territories for worldwide total of $40.7 million.[2]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Awards

Category

Subject

Result

Stinkers Bad Movie Awards[16]

Worst Picture

Nominated

Worst Actor

Burt Reynolds

Nominated

Worst Actor

Norman D. Golden II

Nominated

Golden Raspberry Award

Worst Actor

Burt Reynolds

Won[17]

Worst New Star

Norman D. Golden II

Nominated[17]

Young Artist Award

Best Actor Under Ten in a Motion Picture

Nominated[18]


document_title: The Sound of Music

question_text: when was the sound of music first performed

text: The Sound of Music

text: History[edit]

text: After viewing The Trapp Family, a 1956 West German film about the von Trapp family, and its 1958 sequel (Die Trapp-Familie in Amerika), stage director Vincent J. Donehue thought that the project would be perfect for his friend Mary Martin; Broadway producers Leland Hayward and Richard Halliday (Martin's husband) agreed.[2] The producers originally envisioned a non-musical play that would be written by Lindsay and Crouse and that would feature songs from the repertoire of the Trapp Family Singers. Then they decided to add an original song or two, perhaps by Rodgers and Hammerstein. But it was soon agreed that the project should feature all new songs and be a musical rather than a play.[3]

text: Details of the history of the von Trapp family were altered for the musical. The real Georg von Trapp did live with his family in a villa in Aigen, a suburb of Salzburg. He wrote to the Nonnberg Abbey in 1926 asking for a nun to help tutor his sick daughter, and the Mother Abbess sent Maria. His wife had died in 1922. The real Maria and Georg married at the Nonnberg Abbey in 1927. Lindsay and Crouse altered the story so that Maria was governess to all of the children, whose names and ages were changed, as was Maria's original surname (the show used "Rainer" instead of "Kutschera"). The von Trapps spent some years in Austria after Maria and the Captain married and was offered a commission in Germany's navy. Since von Trapp opposed the Nazis by that time, the family left Austria after the Anschluss, going by train to Italy and then traveling on to London and the United States.[4] To make the story more dramatic, Lindsay and Crouse had the family, soon after Maria's and the Captain's wedding, escape over the mountains to Switzerland on foot.

text: Story[edit]

text: Act I[edit]

text: In Salzburg, Austria, just before World War II, nuns from Nonnberg Abbey sing the Dixit Dominus. One of the postulants, Maria Rainer, is on the nearby mountainside, regretting leaving the beautiful hills ("The Sound of Music") where she was brought up. She returns late. The Mother Abbess and the other nuns consider what to do about her ("Maria"). Maria explains her lateness, saying she was raised on that mountain, and apologizes for singing in the garden without permission. The Mother Abbess joins her in song ("My Favorite Things").[5] The Mother Abbess tells her that she should spend some time outside the abbey to decide whether she is ready for the monastic life. She will act as the governess to the seven children of a widower, Austro-Hungarian Navy submarine Captain Georg von Trapp.

text: Maria arrives at the villa of Captain von Trapp. He explains her duties and summons the children with a boatswain's call. They march in, clad in uniforms. He teaches her their individual signals on the call, but she openly disapproves of this militaristic approach. Alone with them, she breaks through their wariness and teaches them the basics of music ("Do-Re-Mi").

text: Rolf, a young messenger, delivers a telegram and then meets with the oldest child, Liesl, outside the villa. He claims he knows what is right for her because he is a year older than she ("Sixteen Going on Seventeen"). They kiss, and he runs off, leaving her squealing with joy. Meanwhile, the housekeeper, Frau Schmidt, gives Maria material to make new clothes, as Maria had given all her possessions to the poor. Maria sees Liesl slipping in through the window, wet from a sudden thunderstorm, but agrees to keep her secret. The other children are frightened by the storm. Maria sings "The Lonely Goatherd" to distract them.

text: Captain von Trapp arrives a month later from Vienna with Baroness Elsa Schräder and Max Detweiler. Elsa tells Max that something is preventing the Captain from marrying her. He opines that only poor people have the time for great romances ("How Can Love Survive"). Rolf enters, looking for Liesl, and greets them with "Heil". The Captain orders him away, saying that he is Austrian, not German. Maria and the children leapfrog in, wearing play-clothes that she made from the old drapes in her room. Infuriated, the Captain sends them off to change. She tells him that they need him to love them, and he angrily orders her back to the abbey. As she apologizes, they hear the children singing "The Sound of Music", which she had taught them, to welcome Elsa Schräder. He joins in and embraces them. Alone with Maria, he asks her to stay, thanking her for bringing music back into his house. Elsa is suspicious of her until she explains that she will be returning to the abbey in September.

text: The Captain gives a party to introduce Elsa, and guests argue over the Anschluss. Kurt asks Maria to teach him to dance the Ländler. When he fails to negotiate a complicated figure, the Captain steps in to demonstrate. He and Maria dance until they come face-to-face; and she breaks away, embarrassed and confused. Discussing the expected marriage between Elsa and the Captain, Brigitta tells Maria that she thinks Maria and the Captain are really in love with each other. Elsa asks the Captain to allow the children to say goodnight to the guests with a song, "So Long, Farewell". Max is amazed at their talent and wants them for the Kaltzberg Festival, which he is organizing. The guests leave for the dining room, and Maria slips out the front door with her luggage.

text: At the abbey, Maria says that she is ready to take her monastic vows; but the Mother Abbess realizes that she is running away from her feelings. She tells her to face the Captain and discover if they love each other, and tells her to search for and find the life she was meant to live ("Climb Ev'ry Mountain").

text: Act II[edit]

text: Max teaches the children how to sing on stage. When the Captain tries to lead them, they complain that he is not doing it as Maria did. He tells them that he has asked Elsa to marry him. They try to cheer themselves up by singing "My Favorite Things" but are unsuccessful until they hear Maria singing on her way to rejoin them. Learning of the wedding plans, she decides to stay only until the Captain can arrange for another governess. Max and Elsa argue with him about the imminent Anschluss, trying to convince him that it is inevitable ("No Way to Stop It"). When he refuses to compromise, Elsa breaks off the engagement. Alone, the Captain and Maria finally admit their love, desiring only to be "An Ordinary Couple". As they marry, the nuns reprise "Maria" against the wedding processional.

text: During the honeymoon, Max prepares the children to perform at the Kaltzberg Festival. Herr Zeller, the Gauleiter, demands to know why they are not flying the flag of the Third Reich now that the Anschluss has occurred. The Captain and Maria return early from their honeymoon before the Festival. In view of developments, he refuses to allow the children to sing. Max argues that they would sing for Austria, but the Captain points out that it no longer exists. Maria and Liesl discuss romantic love; Maria predicts that in a few years Liesl will be married ("Sixteen Going on Seventeen (Reprise)"). Rolf enters with a telegram that offers the Captain a commission in the German Navy, and Liesl is upset to discover that Rolf is now a committed Nazi. The Captain consults Maria and decides that they must secretly flee Austria. German Admiral von Schreiber arrives to find out why Captain von Trapp has not answered the telegram. He explains that the German Navy holds him in high regard, offers him the commission, and tells him to report immediately to Bremerhaven to assume command. Maria says that he cannot leave immediately, as they are all singing in the Festival concert; and the Admiral agrees to wait.

text: At the concert, after the von Trapps sing an elaborate reprise of "Do-Re-Mi", Max brings out the Captain's guitar. Captain von Trapp sings "Edelweiss", as a goodbye to his homeland, while using Austria's national flower as a symbol to declare his loyalty to the country. Max asks for an encore and announces that this is the von Trapp family's last chance to sing together, as the honor guard waits to escort the Captain to his new command. While the judges decide on the prizes, the von Trapps sing "So Long, Farewell", leaving the stage in small groups. Max then announces the runners-up, stalling as much as possible. When he announces that the first prize goes to the von Trapps and they do not appear, the Nazis start a search. The family hides at the Abbey, and Sister Margaretta tells them that the borders have been closed. Rolf comes upon them and calls his lieutenant, but after seeing Liesl he changes his mind and tells him they aren't there. The Nazis leave, and the von Trapps flee over the Alps as the nuns reprise "Climb Ev'ry Mountain".

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act I

"Preludium" – Mother Abbess with Nuns
"The Sound of Music" – Maria
"Maria" – Sister Berthe, Sister Sophia, Sister Margaretta, and the Mother Abbess
"My Favorite Things" – Maria and the Mother Abbess
"My Favorite Things" (reprise 1) – Maria
"Do-Re-Mi" – Maria and the children
"Sixteen Going on Seventeen" – Rolf and Liesl
"The Lonely Goatherd" – Maria and the children
"The Lonely Goatherd" (reprise) – Gretl
"How Can Love Survive" – Max and Elsa
"The Sound of Music" (reprise) – Maria, the Captain and the children
"Ländler" (instrumental)
"So Long, Farewell" – The children
"Morning Hymn" – Nuns
"Climb Ev'ry Mountain" – Mother Abbess

Act II

"My Favorite Things" (reprise 2) – Maria and the children
"No Way to Stop It" – Elsa, Max and the Captain
"An Ordinary Couple" – Maria and the Captain †
"Gaudeamus Domino" – Nuns
"Maria" (reprise) – Nuns
"Confitemini Domino" – Nuns
"Sixteen Going on Seventeen" (reprise) – Maria and Liesl
"Do-Re-Mi" (reprise) – Maria, the Captain, and the children ‡
"Edelweiss" – The Captain
"So Long, Farewell" (reprise) – Maria, the Captain, and the children
"Finale Ultimo" (reprise of "Climb Every Mountain") – Nuns

text:
The musical numbers listed appeared in the original production unless otherwise noted.
† Sometimes replaced by "Something Good", which was written for the film version.
‡ Replaced by "The Lonely Goatherd" in the 1998 revival.
In some productions, "My Favorite Things" follows "Sixteen Going on Seventeen" in the thunderstorm scene, while "The Lonely Goatherd" is shifted to the concert scene.
Many stage revivals have also included "I Have Confidence" and "Something Good", which were written by Richard Rodgers for the film version (since the film was made after original lyricist Oscar Hammerstein's death).
Although many people believe that "Edelweiss" is a traditional Austrian song, it was written for the musical and did not become known in Austria until after the film's success.[6]
The Ländler dance performed by Maria and the Captain during the party is only loosely based on the traditional Austrian dance of the same name.[7]

text: Characters[edit]

text: Sources: IBDB and Guidetomusicaltheatre.com[8]

text:
Maria Rainer, a postulant at Nonnberg Abbey
Captain Georg von Trapp
Max Detweiler, Captain von Trapp's friend, a music agent and producer
The Mother Abbess, the head of Nonnberg Abbey
Baroness Elsa Schräder[9] "wealthy and sophisticated" and Captain von Trapp's would-be fiancée
Rolf Gruber, the 17-year-old Nazi delivery boy who is in love with Liesl
Sister Bertha, the Mistress of Novices
Sister Margareta, the Mistress of Postulants
Sister Sophia, a sister at the Abbey
Herr Zeller, the Gauleiter
Franz, Captain von Trapp's butler
Frau Schmidt, Captain von Trapp's housekeeper
The Children:

Liesl von Trapp, age 16
Friedrich von Trapp, age 14
Louisa von Trapp, age 13
Kurt von Trapp, age 11
Brigitta von Trapp, age 10
Marta von Trapp, age 7
Gretl von Trapp, age 5

Ensemble includes nuns, high-society neighbors of Captain von Trapp who attend the ball thrown in Elsa's honor, Nazi soldiers and contestants in the festival concert

text: Productions[edit]

text: Original productions[edit]

text: The Sound of Music opened on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 16, 1959, moved to the Mark Hellinger Theatre on November 6, 1962, and closed on June 15, 1963, after 1,443 performances. The director was Vincent J. Donehue, and the choreographer was Joe Layton. The original cast included Mary Martin (at age 46) as Maria, Theodore Bikel as Captain Georg von Trapp, Patricia Neway as Mother Abbess, Kurt Kasznar as Max Detweiler, Marion Marlowe as Elsa Schräder, Brian Davies as Rolf and Lauri Peters as Liesl. Sopranos Patricia Brooks and June Card were ensemble members in the original production. The show tied for the Tony Award for Best Musical with Fiorello!. Other awards included Martin for Best Actress in a Musical, Neway for Best Featured Actress, Best Scenic Design (Oliver Smith) and Best Conductor And Musical Director (Frederick Dvonch). Bikel and Kasznar were nominated for acting awards, and Donehue was nominated for his direction. The entire children's cast was nominated for Best Featured Actress category as a single nominee, even though two of the children were boys.[10]

text: Martha Wright replaced Martin in the role of Maria on Broadway in October 1961, followed by Karen Gantz in July 1962, Jeannie Carson in August 1962[11] and Nancy Dussault in September 1962. Jon Voight, who eventually married co-star Lauri Peters, was a replacement for Rolf. The national tour starred Florence Henderson as Maria and Beatrice Krebs as Mother Abbess. It opened at the Grand Riviera Theater, Detroit, on February 27, 1961, and closed November 23, 1963, at the O'Keefe Centre, Toronto. Henderson was succeeded by Barbara Meister in June 1962. Theodore Bikel was not satisfied playing the role of the Captain, because of the role's limited singing,[citation needed] and Bikel did not like to play the same role over and over again. In his autobiography, he writes: "I promised myself then that if I could afford it, I would never do a run as long as that again."[12] The original Broadway cast album sold three million copies.

text: The musical premiered in London's West End at the Palace Theatre on May 18, 1961, and ran for 2,385 performances. It was directed by Jerome Whyte and used the original New York choreography, supervised by Joe Layton, and the original sets designed by Oliver Smith. The cast included Jean Bayless as Maria, followed by Sonia Rees, Roger Dann as Captain von Trapp, Constance Shacklock as Mother Abbess, Eunice Gayson as Elsa Schrader, Harold Kasket as Max Detweiler, Barbara Brown as Liesl, Nicholas Bennett as Rolf and Olive Gilbert as Sister Margaretta.[13]

text: 1981 London revival[edit]

text: In 1981, at producer Ross Taylor's urging, Petula Clark agreed to star in a revival of the show at the Apollo Victoria Theatre in London's West End. Michael Jayston played Captain von Trapp, Honor Blackman was the Baroness and June Bronhill the Mother Abbess. Other notable cast members included Helen Anker, John Bennett and Martina Grant.[14] Despite her misgivings that, at age 49, she was too old to play the role convincingly, Clark opened to unanimous rave reviews and the largest advance sale in the history of British theatre at that time. Maria von Trapp, who attended the opening night performance, described Clark as "the best" Maria ever. Clark extended her initial six-month contract to thirteen months. Playing to 101 percent of seating capacity, the show set the highest attendance figure for a single week (October 26–31, 1981) of any British musical production in history (as recorded in The Guinness Book of Theatre).[15] It was the first stage production to incorporate the two additional songs ("Something Good" and "I Have Confidence") that Richard Rodgers composed for the film version.[16] "My Favorite Things" had a similar context to the film version, while the short verse "A Bell is No Bell" was extended into a full-length song for Maria and the Mother Abbess. "The Lonely Goatherd" was set in a new scene at a village fair.

text: The cast recording of this production was the first to be recorded digitally. It was released on CD for the first time in 2010 by the UK label Pet Sounds and included two bonus tracks from the original single issued by Epic to promote the production.

text: 1998 Broadway revival[edit]

text: Director Susan H. Schulman staged the first Broadway revival of The Sound of Music, with Rebecca Luker as Maria and Michael Siberry as Captain von Trapp. It also featured Patti Cohenour as Mother Abbess, Jan Maxwell as Elsa Schrader, Fred Applegate as Max Detweiler, Dashiell Eaves as Rolf, Patricia Conolly as Frau Schmidt and Laura Benanti, in her Broadway debut, as Luker's understudy. Later, Luker and Siberry were replaced by Richard Chamberlain as the Captain and Benanti as Maria. Lou Taylor Pucci made his Broadway debut as the understudy for Kurt von Trapp. The production opened on March 12, 1998, at the Martin Beck Theatre, and closed on June 20, 1999, after 533 performances. This production was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical.[17] It then toured in North America.

text: 2006 London revival[edit]

text: An Andrew Lloyd Webber production opened on November 15, 2006, at the London Palladium and ran until February 2009, produced by Live Nation's David Ian and Jeremy Sams. Following failed negotiations with Hollywood star Scarlett Johansson,[18] the role of Maria was cast through a UK talent search reality TV show called How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria? The talent show was produced by (and starred) Andrew Lloyd Webber and featured presenter/comedian Graham Norton and a judging panel of David Ian, John Barrowman and Zoe Tyler.

text: Connie Fisher was selected by public voting as the winner of the show. In early 2007, Fisher suffered from a heavy cold that prevented her from performing for two weeks. To prevent further disruptions, an alternate Maria, Aoife Mulholland, a fellow contestant on How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?, played Maria on Monday evenings and Wednesday matinee performances. Simon Shepherd was originally cast as Captain von Trapp, but after two preview performances he was withdrawn from the production, and Alexander Hanson moved into the role in time for the official opening date along with Lesley Garrett as the Mother Abbess. After Garrett left, Margaret Preece took the role. The cast also featured Lauren Ward as the Baroness, Ian Gelder as Max, Sophie Bould as Liesl, and Neil McDermott as Rolf. Other notable replacements have included Simon Burke and Simon MacCorkindale as the Captain and newcomer Amy Lennox as Liesl. Summer Strallen replaced Fisher in February 2008, [19] with Mulholland portraying Maria on Monday evenings and Wednesday matinees.[20]

text: The revival received enthusiastic reviews, especially for Fisher, Preece, Bould and Garrett. A cast recording of the London Palladium cast was released.[21] The production closed on February 21, 2009, after a run of over two years[22] and was followed by a UK national tour, described below.

text: Other notable productions[edit]

text: The first Australian production opened at Melbourne's Princess Theatre in 1961 and ran for three years. The production was directed by Charles Hickman, with musical numbers staged by Ernest Parham. The cast included June Bronhill as Maria, Peter Graves as Captain von Trapp and Rosina Raisbeck as Mother Abbess. A touring company then played for years, with Vanessa Lee (Graves' wife) in the role of Maria. The cast recording made in 1961 was the first time a major overseas production featuring Australian artists was transferred to disc.[citation needed]

text: A Puerto Rican production, performed in English, opened at the Tapia Theatre in San Juan under the direction of Pablo Cabrera in 1966. It starred Camille Carrión as María and Raúl Dávila as Captain Von Trapp, and it featured a young Johanna Rosaly as Liesl. In 1968, the production transferred to the Teatro de la Zarzuela in Madrid, Spain, where it was performed in Spanish with Carrión reprising the role of María, Alfredo Mayo as Captain Von Trapp and Roberto Rey as Max.[citation needed]

text: In 1988, the Moon Troupe of Takarazuka Revue performed the musical at the Bow Hall (Takarazuka, Hyōgo). Harukaze Hitomi and Gou Mayuka starred.[23] A 1990 New York City Opera production, directed by Oscar Hammerstein II's son, James, featured Debby Boone as Maria, Laurence Guittard as Captain von Trapp, and Werner Klemperer as Max.[24] In the 1993 Stockholm production, Carola Häggkvist played Maria and Tommy Körberg played Captain von Trapp.[citation needed]

text: An Australian revival played in the Lyric Theatre, Sydney, New South Wales, from November 1999 to February 2000. Lisa McCune played Maria, John Waters was Captain von Trapp, Bert Newton was Max, Eilene Hannan was Mother Abbess, and Rachel Marley was Marta. This production was based on the 1998 Broadway revival staging.[25] The production then toured until February 2001, in Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. Rachael Beck took over as Maria in Perth and Adelaide, and Rob Guest took over as Captain von Trapp in Perth.[26][27][28][29]

text: An Austrian production premiered in 2005 at the Volksoper Wien in German. It was directed and choreographed by Renaud Doucet. The cast included Sandra Pires as Maria, Kurt Schreibmayer and Michael Kraus as von Trapp, with Heidi Brunner as Mother Abbess. As of 2012, the production was still in the repertoire of the Volksoper with 12–20 performances per season.[30][31][32]

text: The Salzburg Marionette Theatre has toured extensively with their version that features the recorded voices of Broadway singers such as Christiane Noll as Maria.[33] The tour began in Dallas, Texas, in 2007[34] and continued in Salzburg in 2008.[35] The director is Richard Hamburger.[36] In 2010, the production was given in Paris, France, with dialogue in French and the songs in English.[citation needed] In 2008, a Brazilian production with Kiara Sasso as Maria and Herson Capri as the Captain played in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo,[37] and a Dutch production was mounted with Wieneke Remmers as Maria, directed by John Yost.[38]

text: Andrew Lloyd Webber, David Ian and David Mirvish presented The Sound of Music at the Princess of Wales Theatre in Toronto from 2008 to 2010. The role of Maria was chosen by the public through a television show, How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?, which was produced by Lloyd Webber and Ian and aired in mid-2008. Elicia MacKenzie won[39] and played the role six times a week, while the runner-up in the TV show, Janna Polzin, played Maria twice a week.[40] Captain von Trapp was played by Burke Moses. The show ran for more than 500 performances. It was Toronto's longest running revival ever.[41]

text: A UK tour began in 2009 and visited more than two dozen cities before ending in 2011. The original cast included Connie Fisher as Maria, Michael Praed as Captain von Trapp and Margaret Preece as the Mother Abbess. Kirsty Malpass was the alternate Maria.[42] Jason Donovan assumed the role of Captain Von Trapp, and Verity Rushworth took over as Maria, in early 2011. Lesley Garrett reprised her role as Mother Abbess for the tour's final engagement in Wimbledon in October 2011.

text: A production ran at the Ópera-Citi theater in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 2011. The cast included Laura Conforte as Maria and Diego Ramos as Captain Von Trapp.[43][44] A Spanish national tour began in November 2011 at the Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands. The tour visited 29 Spanish cities, spending one year in Madrid's Gran Vía at the Teatro Coliseum, and one season at the Tívoli Theatre in Barcelona. It was directed by Jaime Azpilicueta and starred Silvia Luchetti as Maria and Carlos J. Benito as Captain Von Trapp.[45]

text: A production was mounted at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park from July to September 2013.[46][47] It starred Charlotte Wakefield as Maria, with Michael Xavier as Captain von Trapp and Caroline Keiff as Elsa.[46] It received enthusiastic reviews and became the highest-grossing production ever at the theatre.[46] In 2014, the show was nominated for Best Musical Revival at the Laurence Olivier Awards and Wakefield was nominated for Best Actress in a Musical.[48]

text: A brief South Korean production played in 2014,[49] as did a South African production at the Artscape in Cape Town and at the Teatro at Montecasino based on Lloyd Webber and Ian’s London Palladium production.[citation needed] The same year, a Spanish language translation opened at Teatro de la Universidad in San Juan, under the direction of Edgar García. It starred Lourdes Robles as Maria and Braulio Castillo as Captain Von Trapp, with Dagmar as Elsa.[50] A production (in Thai: มนต์รักเพลงสวรรค์) ran at Muangthai ratchadalai Theatre, Bangkok, Thailand, in April 2015 in the Thai language. The production replaced the song "Ordinary couple" with "Something Good".[51][52][53]

text: A North American tour, directed by Jack O'Brien and choreographed by Danny Mefford, began at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles in September 2015. The tour is scheduled to run until at least July 2017.[54] Kerstin Anderson plays Maria, with Ben Davis as Capt. von Trapp and Ashley Brown as Mother Abess. The production has received warm reviews.[55]

text: A UK tour produced by Bill Kenwright began in 2015 and toured into 2016. It was directed by Martin Connor and starred Lucy O'Byrne as Maria.[56][57] A 2016 Australian tour of the Lloyd Webber production, directed by Sams, included stops in Sydney,[58] Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide. The cast included Cameron Daddo as Captain Von Trapp, Marina Prior as Baroness Schraeder and Lorraine Bayly as Frau Schmidt. The choreographer was Arlene Phillips.[59]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: On March 2, 1965, 20th Century Fox released a film adaption of the musical starring Julie Andrews as Maria Rainer and Christopher Plummer as Captain Georg von Trapp. It was produced and directed by Robert Wise with the screenplay adaption written by Ernest Lehman. Two songs were written by Rodgers specifically for the film, "I Have Confidence" and "Something Good". The film won five Oscars at the 38th Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

text: Television adaptations[edit]

text: A live televised production of the musical aired twice in December 2013 on NBC.[60] It was directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller and Rob Ashford.[61] Carrie Underwood starred as Maria Rainer, with Stephen Moyer as Captain von Trapp, Christian Borle as Max, Laura Benanti as Elsa, and Audra McDonald as the Mother Abbess.[62] The production was released on DVD the same month.[63]

text: A new version of the musical was broadcast live on ITV in the UK on December 20, 2015. It starred Kara Tointon as Maria, Julian Ovenden as Captain von Trapp, Katherine Kelly as Baroness Schraeder and Alexander Armstrong as Max.[64]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Most reviews of the original Broadway production were favorable. Richard Watts, Jr. of the New York Post stated that the show had "strangely gentle charm that is wonderfully endearing. The Sound of Music strives for nothing in the way of smash effects, substituting instead a kind of gracious and unpretentious simplicity."[65] The New York World-Telegram and Sun pronounced The Sound of Music "the loveliest musical imaginable. It places Rodgers and Hammerstein back in top form as melodist and lyricist. The Lindsay-Crouse dialogue is vibrant and amusing in a plot that rises to genuine excitement."[65] The New York Journal American's review opined that The Sound of Music is "the most mature product of the team ... it seemed to me to be the full ripening of these two extraordinary talents".[65]

text: Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times gave a mixed assessment. He praised Mary Martin's performance, saying "she still has the same common touch ... same sharp features, goodwill, and glowing personality that makes music sound intimate and familiar" and stated that "the best of the Sound of Music is Rodgers and Hammerstein in good form". However, he said, the libretto "has the hackneyed look of the musical theatre replaced with Oklahoma! in 1943. It is disappointing to see the American musical stage succumbing to the clichés of operetta."[65] Walter Kerr's review in the New York Herald Tribune was unfavorable: "Before The Sound of Music is halfway through its promising chores it becomes not only too sweet for words but almost too sweet for music", stating that the "evening suffer(s) from little children".[65]

text: Cast recordings[edit]

text: Columbia Masterworks recorded the original Broadway cast album a week after the show's 1959 opening. The album was the label's first deluxe package in a gatefold jacket, priced $1 higher than previous cast albums. It was #1 on Billboard's best-selling albums chart for 16 weeks in 1960.[66] It was released on CD from Sony in the Columbia Broadway Masterworks series.[67] In 1959, singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records[68] on the day that the musical opened on Broadway. Since it was recorded a week before the original Broadway cast album, Page was the first artist to record any song from the musical. She featured the song on her TV show, The Patti Page Olds Show, helping to popularize the musical.[citation needed] The 1960 London production was recorded by EMI and was issued on CD on the Broadway Angel Label.[69]

text: The 1965 film soundtrack was released by RCA Victor and is one of the most successful soundtrack albums in history, having sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[70][71] Recent CD editions incorporate musical material from the film that would not fit on the original LP. The label has also issued the soundtrack in German, Italian, Spanish and French editions.[citation needed] RCA Victor also released an album of the 1998 Broadway revival produced by Hallmark Entertainment and featuring the full revival cast, including Rebecca Luker, Michael Siberry, Jan Maxwell and Fred Applegate.[72]

text: The Telarc label made a studio cast recording of The Sound of Music, with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra conducted by Erich Kunzel (1987). The lead roles went to opera stars: Frederica von Stade as Maria, Håkan Hagegård as Captain von Trapp, and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess.[16] The recording "includes both the two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace, as well as a previously unrecorded verse of "An Ordinary Couple"".[73] The 2006 London revival was recorded and has been released on the Decca Broadway label.[74] There have been numerous studio cast albums and foreign cast albums issued, though many have only received regional distribution. According to the cast album database, there are 62 recordings of the score that have been issued over the years.[75]

text: The soundtrack from the 2013 NBC television production starring Carrie Underwood and Stephen Moyer was released on CD and digital download in December 2013 on the Sony Masterworks label. Also featured on the album are Audra McDonald, Laura Benanti and Christian Borle.[76]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Original Broadway production[edit]

text:
Year
Award ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result

1960
Tony Award
Best Musical
Won

Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical
Mary Martin
Won

Best Featured Actor in a Musical
Theodore Bikel
Nominated

Kurt Kasznar
Nominated

Best Featured Actress in a Musical
Patricia Neway
Won

Kathy Dunn, Lauri Peters, Mary Susan Locke, Marilyn Rogers, Evanna Lien, William Snowden, and Joseph Stewart
Nominated

Best Direction of a Musical
Vincent J. Donehue
Nominated

Best Conductor and Musical Director
Frederick Dvonch
Won

Best Scenic Design of a Musical
Oliver Smith
Won

Theatre World Award
Lauri Peters
Won

1967
Outer Critics Circle
Special Award
Constance Towers
Won

text: 1998 Broadway Revival[edit]

text:
Year
Award ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result

1998
Tony Award
Best Revival of a Musical
Nominated

Drama Desk Award
Outstanding Orchestrations
Bruce Coughlin
Nominated

Outer Critics Circle Award
Outstanding Revival of a Musical
Nominated

Outstanding Actress in a Musical
Rebecca Luker
Nominated

Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical
Jan Maxwell
Nominated

Outstanding Set Design
Heidi Ettinger
Nominated

Drama League Award
Distinguished Production of a Revival
Nominated

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "Sound of Music: The Forgotten Maria". LIFE.com.
Jump up ^ Nolan, 244
Jump up ^ "The Sound of Music :: Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization :: Show Details". The Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011.  (Show History section)
Jump up ^ Gearin, Joan. Movie vs. Reality: The Real Story of the von Trapp Family, Prologue magazine, Winter 2005, Vol. 37, No. 4, National Archives and Records Administration
Jump up ^ "Welcome to the Official Sound of Music London Web Site". Soundofmusiclondon.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Information from the BBC website". Bbc.co.uk. November 16, 1959. Archived from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Information from Earthlydelights.com Archived February 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The Sound of Music". Guidetomusicaltheatre.com. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rodgers, Richard; Hammerstein, Oscar (1960). The Sound of Music. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-88188-050-2. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Sound of Music Awards", Playbill (vault), retrieved November 14, 2017
Jump up ^ August 1962 PLAYBILL from the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre
Jump up ^ Bikel, Theodore. Theo: The Autobiography of Theodore Bikel, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2002, ISBN 0-299-18284-3, p. Z-17
Jump up ^ Green, Encyclopedia, p. 396
Jump up ^ "Cast list at Broadway World". Broadwayworld.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Maslon, p. 150
^ Jump up to: a b Hischak, p. 259
Jump up ^ " 'The sound of Msic' Boadway 1998" Archived October 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. playbillvault.com, accessed October 15, 2015
Jump up ^ Scarlett Johansson – Johansson Snubs Sound Of Music contactmusic.com, July 27, 2006
Jump up ^ BWW News Desk. "Summer Strallen is Maria in London's The Sound of Music Feb.26", Broadwayworld.com, February 4, 2008, accessed November 15, 2017
Jump up ^ "Aoife Mulholland", Thisistheatre.com, 29 April 2015
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Jump up ^ "So "Long, Farewell": London's Sound of Music Closes Feb. 21". Playbill. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "The Sound of Music". takawiki.com. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rockwell, John. "Review/Music; 'Sound of Music' Takes On The Icons of a Heroic Past" The New York Times, March 9, 1990
Jump up ^ Rose, Colin. "Head for the hills; Stage", The Sun Herald (Sydney, Australia), November 14, 1999, Time Out, p. 15
Jump up ^ Critics' Choice, The Australian, April 14, 2000, Features, p. 11
Jump up ^ Barclay, Alison. "Von Trapps' house is full", Herald Sun (Melbourne, Australia), July 7, 2000, p. 89
Jump up ^ Aldred, Debra. "Lisa can sing for her supper of marshmallows", Courier Mail (Queensland, Australia), August 4, 2000, p. 7
Jump up ^ Archdall, Susan. "Rachael's happy to go her own way", The Advertiser, January 1, 2001, p. 77
Jump up ^ "Website of the Volksoper Wien". Volksoper.at. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Official season programmes of the Volksoper Wien, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08
Jump up ^ Lash, Larry L. "The Sound of Music", Variety, March 7, 2005 – March 13, 2005, Legit Reviews; Abroad, p. 57
Jump up ^ Genzlinger, Neil. "The Hills Are Still Alive, Just Look Past the Strings" Archived December 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., The New York Times, December 7, 2007
Jump up ^ Review of Dallas opening, November 3, 2007 Archived December 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ 2008 schedule of performances Archived July 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Official website of the Salzburg Marionette Theatre's production Archived February 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Official website of the Brazilian Production". Archived from the original on June 7, 2008.
Jump up ^ Official website of the 2008 Dutch production Archived November 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Lipton, Brian Scott."The Sound of Music to Bow in Toronto in September 2008" Archived December 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Theatermania.com, September 25, 2007
Jump up ^ "Turns out Janna's a 'Maria' after all". The Star. Toronto. August 14, 2008. Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ BWW News Desk. "The Sound of Music Ends Run at The Princess of Wales Theatre January 10" Archived July 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., Broadwayworld.com, January 10, 2010
Jump up ^ The Sound of Music UK Tour Archived May 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., Thesoundofmusictour.com, Retrieved May 18, 2009
Jump up ^ "lanoviciarebelde.com". Archived from the original on August 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ La Novicia Rebelde, Argentina. "La Novicia Rebelde". Archived from the original on August 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ Nuria Frutos. "BWW TV: 'Sonrisas y lágrimas' se prepara para su gira española". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c The Sound of Music Extends Run at London's Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park Archived September 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine., Playbill, Retrieved November 7, 2013
Jump up ^ "To Kill A Mockingbird & Sound of Music lead 2013 Open Air season". whatsonstage.com. August 15, 2012. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Nominations Announced for 2014 Olivier Awards!" Archived March 10, 2014, at the Wayback Machine., Broadwayworld, retrieved 10 March 2014
Jump up ^ "2014.1.1 Ticket". Korea JoongAng Daily. January 1, 2014. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Thailand's Hills Are Alive" Archived April 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., NationMultimedia.com
Jump up ^ "Bangkok Is Alive with the Sound of Music", Bangkok Post
Jump up ^ "New National Tour of The Sound of Music, Directed by Jack O'Brien, to Launch This Fall" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., Broadwayworld, retrieved 1 May 2015
Jump up ^ Verini, Bob. "L.A. Theater Review: The Sound of Music, Directed by Jack O’Brien" Archived February 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., Variety, October 1, 2015
Jump up ^ "The Sound of Music Tour Tickets 2016" Archived July 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., BritishTheatre.com, May 14, 2016
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Jump up ^ Cotter, Richard. The Sound of Music" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., Australian Stage, December 18, 2015
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Jump up ^ Friedlander, Whitney (December 10, 2013). "NBC to Re-Air 'The Sound of Music Live!'". Variety. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ NBC & Craig Zadan/Neil Meron to Present Live Broadcast of THE SOUND OF MUSIC! Archived December 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 30, 2012
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Jump up ^ "ITV to present UK version of The Sound of Music Live!". ITV Press Centre. October 26, 2015. Archived from the original on December 7, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Suskin, pp. 460–64
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred."Chart Beat", Billboard, September 14, 1996
Jump up ^ "The Sound Of Music – Original Broadway Cast" Archived September 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Castalbums.org
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Jump up ^ "The Sound Of Music – Original London Cast" Archived October 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Castalbums.org
Jump up ^ Eyman, Scott. "The Hills Are Alive With the Sound of Money", The Wall Street Journal, February 27, 2015, accessed December 30, 2017
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Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Carrie Underwood: The Sound of Music" Archived November 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., AllMusic, December 3, 2013, accessed February 11, 2016

tag: ol


document_title: List of most expensive association football transfers

question_text: who is the most paid player in europe

question_tokens: who is the most paid player in europe

text: Highest fees[edit]

text: Most of the highest-value transfers on this list are to clubs under UEFA's jurisdiction, and most of the purchasing clubs are from England, Spain, Italy and France. However, in the mid 2010s a few Chinese teams have made expensive purchases.

text: The default order in this table is based on the transfer amount in euros. Due to exchange rate fluctuations the order is different in pound sterling, which are also shown in the table. Transfers that took place before the adoption of the euro are given in their approximate euro equivalent. The list includes only the top fifty disclosed transfer fees.

text: Three players appear on the list twice: Neymar, James Rodriguez and Ángel Di María. All of the players on the list are of either European (UEFA) or South American (CONMEBOL) origin. There are no players from the remaining regions, namely Africa (CAF), Asia (AFC), North America (CONCACAF) and Oceania (OFC).

text: As of 1 September 2017; after the 2017 summer transfer window.

text:
Top 50 transfers[hide]

R
Player
From
To
Position
Fee
(M £)
Fee
(M €)
Year
Year of birth
Ref.

1
 Neymar
 Barcelona
 Paris Saint-Germain
Forward
£198
€222
2017
1992
[2][6][7][4][5]

2
 Dembele, OusmaneOusmane Dembélé
 Borussia Dortmund
 Barcelona
Forward
£97
€105[a]
2017
1997
[8][9][10]

 Pogba, PaulPaul Pogba
 Juventus
 Manchester United
Midfielder
£89
€105[b]
2016
1993
[11][12][13][14]

4
 Bale, GarethGareth Bale
 Tottenham Hotspur
 Real Madrid
Forward
£86
€100
2013
1989
[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

5
 Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Manchester United
 Real Madrid
Forward
£80
€94
2009
1985
[23][24][25]

6
 Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín
 Napoli
 Juventus
Striker
£75.3
€90
2016
1987
[26][27][28]

7
 Lukaku, RomeluRomelu Lukaku
 Everton
 Manchester United
Striker
£75[c]
€85
2017
1993
[29][30][31][32]

8
 Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Liverpool
 Barcelona
Striker
£75
€82.3
2014
1987
[33][34]

9
 Rodríguez, JamesJames Rodríguez
 Monaco
 Real Madrid
Midfielder
£63
€78
2014
1991
[35][36][37][38]

10
 Zidane, ZinedineZinedine Zidane
 Juventus
 Real Madrid
Midfielder
£46.6
€77.5[d]
2001
1972
[40][41][42]

11
 Di María, ÁngelÁngel Di María
 Real Madrid
 Manchester United
Midfielder
£59.7
€75.6
2014
1988
[43][44]

12
 De Bruyne, KevinKevin De Bruyne
 Wolfsburg
 Manchester City
Midfielder
£55
€75
2015
1991
[45][46]

13
 Oscar
 Chelsea
 Shanghai SIPG
Midielder
£60[e]
€70
2017
1991
[47][48][49]

14
 Ibrahimović, ZlatanZlatan Ibrahimović
 Internazionale
 Barcelona
Striker
£56
€69.5[f]
2009
1981
[50][51][52][53]

15
 Kaká
 Milan
 Real Madrid
Midfielder
£56
€67[g]
2009
1982
[54][55][56][57][58]

16
 Morata, ÁlvaroÁlvaro Morata
 Real Madrid
 Chelsea
Striker
£58[h]
€65.5
2017
1992
[59][60]

17
 Cavani, EdinsonEdinson Cavani
 Napoli
 Paris Saint-Germain
Striker
£55
€64.5
2013
1987
[61][62][63][64]

18
 Di María, ÁngelÁngel Di María
 Manchester United
 Paris Saint-Germain
Midfielder
£45
€64
2015
1988
[65][66][67]

19
 Sterling, RaheemRaheem Sterling
 Liverpool
 Manchester City
Forward
£44[i]
€62.5
2015
1994
[68][69]

20
 Figo, LuísLuís Figo
 Barcelona
 Real Madrid
Midfielder
£37
€62
2000
1972
[70][71]

21
 Falcao, RadamelRadamel Falcao
 Atlético Madrid
 Monaco
Striker
£51
€60[j]
2013
1986
[72][73]

22
 Torres, FernandoFernando Torres
 Liverpool
 Chelsea
Striker
£50
€59
2011
1984
[74][75]

23
 Crespo, HernánHernán Crespo
 Parma
 Lazio
Striker
£35[k]
€58.5
2000
1975
[76][77]

24
 Mendy, BenjaminBenjamin Mendy
 Monaco
 Manchester City
Defender
£52
€58.1
2017
1994
[citation needed]

25
 Neymar
 Santos
 Barcelona
Forward
£48.6
€57.1[l]
2013
1992
[78][79][80][81]

26
 Walker, KyleKyle Walker
 Tottenham Hotspur
 Manchester City
Defender
£50[m]
€57
2017
1990
[82][83]

27
 David Luiz
 Chelsea
 Paris Saint-Germain
Defender
£50[n]
€56
2014
1987
[84][85][86]

28
 Hulk
 Zenit Saint Petersburg
 Shanghai SIPG
Forward
£46.4
€55.8
2016
1986
[87][88]

29
 Stones, JohnJohn Stones
 Everton
 Manchester City
Defender
£47.5
€55.6
2016
1994
[89][90][91][92]

30
 Lacazette, AlexandreAlexandre Lacazette
 Lyon
 Arsenal
Striker
£46.5
€53[o]
2017
1991
[93][94]

31
 Buffon, GianluigiGianluigi Buffon
 Parma
 Juventus
Goalkeeper
£33
€52[p]
2001
1978
[95]

32
 Martial, AnthonyAnthony Martial
 Monaco
 Manchester United
Forward
£36[q]
€51
2015
1995
[96][97][98]

33
 Sigurðsson, GylfiGylfi Sigurðsson
 Swansea City
 Everton
Midfielder
£45
€50
2017
1989
[99]

34
 Silva, BernardoBernardo Silva
 Monaco
 Manchester City
Midfielder
£43
€49.5
2017
1994
[100][101]

 Teixeira, AlexAlex Teixeira
 Shakhtar Donetsk
 Jiangsu Suning
Midfielder
£42.5
€49.5
2016
1988
[102][103]

 Özil, MesutMesut Özil
 Real Madrid
 Arsenal
Midfielder
£42.5
€49.5
2013
1988
[104][105][106]

37
 Vieri, ChristianChristian Vieri
 Lazio
 Internazionale
Striker
£32
€49[r]
1999
1973
[107][108]

38
 Mendieta, GaizkaGaizka Mendieta
 Valencia
 Lazio
Midfielder
£31
€48
2001
1972
[109][110]

39
 Ferdinand, RioRio Ferdinand
 Leeds United
 Manchester United
Defender
£30
€47
2002
1978
[111][112]

40
 Benteke, ChristianChristian Benteke
 Aston Villa
 Liverpool
Striker
£32.5
€46.3
2015
1990
[113][114]

41
 Mata, JuanJuan Mata
 Chelsea
 Manchester United
Midfielder
£37.1
€46
2014
1988
[115][116]

 Ronaldo
 Internazionale
 Real Madrid
Striker
£29
€46
2002
1976
[117][118]

43
 Tiémoué Bakayoko
 Monaco
 Chelsea
Midfielder
£40
€45
2017
1993
[119]

 Vinícius Júnior
 Flamengo
 Real Madrid
Forward
£39.6
€45
2018
2000
[120]

 Rodríguez, JamesJames Rodríguez
 Porto
 Monaco
Midfielder
£38.3
€45
2013
1991
[121][122]

 Lucas Moura
 São Paulo
 Paris Saint-Germain
Forward
£38.3
€45
2013
1992
[123][124]

 Agüero, SergioSergio Agüero
 Atlético Madrid
 Manchester City
Striker
£38
€45
2011
1988
[125][126][127][128]

 Verón, Juan SebastiánJuan Sebastián Verón
 Lazio
 Manchester United
Midfielder
£28.1
€45
2001
1975
[129][130]

49
 Matić, NemanjaNemanja Matić
 Chelsea
 Manchester United
Midfielder
£40
€44.7
2017
1988
[131][132]

50
 Costa, RuiRui Costa
 Fiorentina
 Milan
Midfielder
£30
€43.9[s]
2001
1972
[133][134][135]

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ Initial €105 million plus reported €40 million bonuses
Jump up ^ Fee was to be paid over time with an initial €105 million, plus another €5 million in additional bonuses; Pogba's agent Mino Raiola also received a reported €27m from Juventus, from a portion of aforementioned transfer fee from Manchester United.
Jump up ^ Fee was to be paid over time with an initial £75 million, plus another £15 million in additional bonuses.
Jump up ^ fee originally in 150 billion lire; the fixed exchange rate between euro and lire was 1:1936.27. The fee was paid in 4 annual installments;[39] on accounting purpose, the fee was listed as approx. €75m[39]
Jump up ^ Estimated figure. The transfer fee has not been disclosed.
Jump up ^ Initial transfer fee for Ibrahimović is indeterminable. According to Barcelona's press release, Ibrahimović signed a 5-year contract, for €46 million fee in installments and the exchange of Eto'o (valued at €20 million) and the loan of Alexander Hleb (with an option to buy for a €10 million fee), with a €250 million release clause, making Ibrahimović worth €66 million plus the undisclosed loan fee of Hleb. However, the Hleb deal collapsed. Eventually Ibrahimović cost Barcelona €69.884 million according to their financial report, which included other fees. As per the Inter book the fee was €69.5 million, but part of the Inter fee (max. 5% according to FIFA regulation) were deducted and distributed by Barcelona to youth clubs of Ibrahimović: Malmö FF and AFC Ajax as solidarity contribution.
Jump up ^ The fee broke the world record in pound sterling, but not in euro; as the fee was paid in installments, the accountant that prepared the financial report adjusted the value to €66.073 million as the present value to reflect the loss in interest
Jump up ^ Fee was to be paid over time with an initial £58 million, plus another £12 million in additional bonuses.
Jump up ^ Fee was to be paid over time with an initial £44 million, plus another £5 million in additional bonuses.
Jump up ^ Estimated figure. The transfer fee has not been disclosed.
Jump up ^ Lazio broke the then-world transfer record by paying £35 million (£16 million upfront and transferred Matías Almeyda and Sérgio Conceição) to acquire Crespo. The total transfer fee later amounted to £40 million.
Jump up ^ Fee was to be paid over time with an initial €57.1 million, plus another €2 million in additional bonuses. Neymar received a €10 million signing bonus. Neymar's agent also received €4 million.
Jump up ^ Fee was to be paid over time with an initial £50 million (€57m), plus another £3 million in additional bonuses.
Jump up ^ Estimated figure. The transfer fee has not been disclosed.
Jump up ^ Fee was to be paid over time with an initial €53 million (£46.5m), plus another €7 million (£6.1m) in additional bonuses.
Jump up ^ Part of the fees was paid via the transfer of Jonathan Bachini to Parma for a total of 100 billion lire; the fixed exchange rate of lira to euro was 1936.27 lire to 1 euro.
Jump up ^ Manchester United paid £36 million up front for Martial, but his contract contains three bonus clauses worth £7.2 million each, taking the potential fee to £57.6 million. The clauses each relate to certain accomplishments being achieved in the next four years, including if Martial scores 25 goals during that span, racks up 25 caps for France or wins the Ballon d'Or before June 2019.
Jump up ^ An indeterminate size of the fee was paid via the transfer of Diego Simeone to Lazio that totaled €45 million.
Jump up ^ Fee originally in 85 billion lire; the fixed exchange rate between euro and lire was 1:1936.27

text: World football transfer record[edit]

text: The first player to ever be transferred for a fee of over £100 was Scottish striker Willie Groves when he together with Jack Reynolds (£50) made the switch from West Bromwich Albion to Aston Villa in 1893,[136] eight years after the legalisation of professionalism in the sport. It took just twelve years for the figure to become £1000, when Sunderland striker Alf Common moved to Middlesbrough.[137][138]

text: It was not until 1928 that the first five-figure transfer took place. David Jack of Bolton Wanderers was the subject of interest from Arsenal, and in order to negotiate the fee down, Arsenal manager Herbert Chapman got the Bolton representatives drunk.[139][140] Subsequently, David Jack was transferred for a world record fee when Arsenal paid £10,890 to Bolton for his services, after Bolton had asked for £13,000, which was double the previous record made when Sunderland signed Burnley's Bob Kelly a fee of for £6,500.[138]

text: The first player from outside Great Britain to break the record was Bernabé Ferreyra, a player known as La Fiera for his powerful shot. His 1932 transfer from Tigre to River Plate cost £23k,[140] and the record would last for 17 years (the longest the record has lasted) until it was broken by Manchester United's sale of Johnny Morris to Derby County for £24k in March 1949. The record was broken seven further times between 1949 and 1961, when Luis Suárez Miramontes was sold by FC Barcelona to Inter Milan for £152k, becoming the first ever player sold for more than £100k.[138]

text: In 1968, Pietro Anastasi became the first £500k player when Juventus purchased him from Varese,[140] which was followed seven years later with Giuseppe Savoldi becoming the first million pound player when he transferred from Bologna to Napoli.[138][140]

text: The second player to twice be transferred for world record fees is Diego Maradona.[138][140] His transfers from Boca Juniors to Barcelona for £3m, and then to Napoli for £5m, both broke the record in 1982 and 1984 respectively. The third became Ronaldo with his record-breaking move from PSV Eindhoven to Barcelona in 1996 for £13.2m, although Alan Shearer's transfer to Newcastle broke the record the same summer. A year later Inter Milan paid £19.5m for Ronaldo and again he became the player with the highest transfer fee.

text: In the space of 61 days in 1992,[140] three transfers broke the record,[138] all by Italian clubs: Jean-Pierre Papin transferred from Marseille to A.C. Milan, becoming the first ever £10m player.[140] Almost immediately, rivals Juventus topped that with the signing of Gianluca Vialli for a fee of £12m from Sampdoria. Milan then completed the signing of Gianluigi Lentini for a fee of £13m which stood as the record for three years.

text: The 1996 transfer of Alan Shearer from Blackburn Rovers to Newcastle United, for a fee of £15m,[141] kickstarted a year-by-year succession of record breaking transfers: Ronaldo moved the following year to Inter Milan from FC Barcelona for a fee of £17m,[142] which was followed in 1998 by the shock transfer of his fellow countryman Denílson from São Paulo to Real Betis for a fee of approximately £21m.[138][140][143]

text: In 1999 and 2000, Italian clubs returned to their record-breaking ways, with Christian Vieri transferring from Lazio to Inter Milan for £28m,[144] while Hernán Crespo's transfer from Parma to Lazio ensured he became the first player to cost more than £30m.[138][145] The transfer prompted the BBC to ask "has the world gone mad"?[146] It took two weeks for the record to be broken when Luís Figo made a controversial £37m move from Barcelona to rivals Real Madrid.[138][147] A year later, Real increased the record again with a signing of Zinedine Zidane for £48 million (150 billion lire).[148]

text: Zidane's record stood for 8 years, the longest since the 1940s. Real Madrid continued with the Galácticos policy by buying Kaká from Milan for €67 million (£56 million),[149] which was the world record in pound sterling. However, both world record in euro and in pound sterling were broke by Real themselves when signing Cristiano Ronaldo for £80m (€94m) from Manchester United in the same transfer window,[138][150] 4 years later Real Madrid broke the record again after completed the signing of Gareth Bale from Tottenham Hotspur in 2013. Although Real initially insisted that the transfer cost €91.59 million, slightly less than the Ronaldo fee, the deal was widely reported to be around €100 million (around £85.1 million).[151][152] Documents leaked in 2016 by Football Leaks revealed that installments brought the final Bale fee up to a total of €100,759,418.[138][153] In 2016, Manchester United eventually took the record away from Real Madrid, signing French midfielder Paul Pogba for €105 million (£89 million), [154] four years after having released him to Juventus for training compensation.

text: A year after the Pogba transfer, however, there was a major jump in the record fee. Paris St. Germain matched the €222 million buyout fee of Barcelona's Neymar, converted to a reported £198 million[4][5] or £200 million[2][7] by different sources. This was the first time that the record fee was paid by a French club.

text: Historical progression[edit]

text: This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: use inflation template Please help improve this article if you can. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Comparison of fees in different nations is complicated by varying exchange rates. This table uses British Pound Sterling prior to 1999 and Euro for transfers since then.

text:
Year
Player
Selling club
Buying club
Fee (£)
Fee (€)
Fee (UK£, after adjusted inflation)
Percentage change from last record (+ %)

1893
 Willie Groves
 West Bromwich Albion
 Aston Villa
01 !100[136]
–
10,003
N/A

1903
 Ben Green
 Barnsley
 Small Heath
01.5 !500[155]
–
48,421
400

1904
 Andy McCombie
 Sunderland
 Newcastle United
02 !700[156]
–
68,018
40

1905
 Alf Common
 Sunderland
 Middlesbrough
03 !1,000[157]
–
96,843
42

1913
 Daniel Shea
 West Ham United
 Blackburn Rovers
03.25 !2,000[158]
–
177,483
100

1913
 Tommy Barber
 Bolton Wanderers
 Aston Villa
03.5 !2,000[159]
–
177,483
0

1914
 Percy Dawson
 Heart of Midlothian
 Blackburn Rovers
03.75 !2,500[160]
–
216,374
25

1920
 David Jack
 Plymouth Argyle
 Bolton Wanderers
03.75 !3,500[161]
–
126,787
40

1922
 Syd Puddefoot
 West Ham United
 Falkirk
04 !5,000[162]
–
246,231
43

1922
 Warney Cresswell
 South Shields
 Sunderland
05 !5,500[163]
–
270,854
8

1925
 Bob Kelly
 Burnley
 Sunderland
05.5 !6,500[164]
–
334,339
18

1928
 David Jack
 Bolton Wanderers
 Arsenal
06 !10,890[163]
–
591,734
68

1932
 Bernabé Ferreyra
 Tigre
 River Plate
07 !23,000[163]
–
1,439,897
111

1949
 Johnny Morris
 Manchester United
 Derby County
07.2 !24,000[164]
–
764,707
4

1949
 Eddie Quigley
 Sheffield Wednesday
 Preston North End
07.4 !26,500[164]
–
844,363
10

1950
 Trevor Ford
 Aston Villa
 Sunderland
07.6 !30,000[164]
–
927,018
13

1951
 Jackie Sewell
 Notts County
 Sheffield Wednesday
07.8 !34,500[164]
–
977,275
15

1952
 Hans Jeppson
 Atalanta
 Napoli
08 !52,000[163]
–
1,349,363
51

1954
 Juan Schiaffino
 Peñarol
 Milan
09 !72,000[163]
–
1,777,783
38

1957
 Enrique Omar Sivori
 River Plate
 Juventus
10 !93,000[163]
–
2,022,112
29

1961
 Luis Suárez
 Barcelona
 Internazionale
11 !152,000[163]
–
3,051,347
63

1963
 Angelo Sormani
 Mantova
 Roma
12 !250,000[163]
–
4,721,133
64

1967
 Harald Nielsen
 Bologna
 Internazionale
12 !300,000[165]
–
4,910,674
20

1968
 Pietro Anastasi
 Varese
 Juventus
13 !500,000[163]
–
7,820,235
67

1973
 Johan Cruyff
 Ajax
 Barcelona
14 !922,000[163]
–
10,055,731
84

1975
 Giuseppe Savoldi
 Bologna
 Napoli
15 !1,200,000[163]
–
9,077,920
30

1976
 Paolo Rossi
 Juventus
 Vicenza
16 !1,750,000[163]
–
11,359,184
46

1982
 Diego Maradona
 Boca Juniors
 Barcelona
17 !3,000,000[163]
–
9,548,044
71

1984
 Diego Maradona
 Barcelona
 Napoli
18 !5,000,000[163]
–
14,493,244
67

1987
 Ruud Gullit
 PSV Eindhoven
 Milan
19 !6,000,000[163]
–
15,220,148
20

1990
 Roberto Baggio
 Fiorentina
 Juventus
21 !8,000,000[163]
–
16,397,930
33

1992
 Jean-Pierre Papin
 Marseille
 Milan
22 !10,000,000[163]
–
18,662,944
25

1992
 Gianluca Vialli
 Sampdoria
 Juventus
23 !12,000,000[163]
–
22,395,532
20

1992
 Gianluigi Lentini
 Torino
 Milan
24 !13,000,000[163]
–
24,261,827
8

1996
 Ronaldo
 PSV Eindhoven
 Barcelona
26 !13,200,000[163]
–
22,344,943
2

1996
 Alan Shearer
 Blackburn Rovers
 Newcastle United
25 !15,000,000[166]
–
25,391,980
14

1997
 Ronaldo
 Barcelona
 Internazionale
26 !19,500,000[163]
–
32,005,465
30

1998
 Denílson
 São Paulo
 Real Betis
27 !21,500,000[167][168]
–
34,118,507
10

1999
 Christian Vieri
 Lazio
 Internazionale
28 !32,000,000[169]
49,000,000
50,166,554
49

2000
 Hernán Crespo
 Parma
 Lazio
29 !35,500,000[169]
55,000,000
53,886,592
11

2000
 Luís Figo
 Barcelona
 Real Madrid
30 !37,000,000[169]
62,000,000
56,163,490
4

2001
 Zinedine Zidane
 Juventus
 Real Madrid
31 !46,600,000[169][42]
77,500,000
68,608,983
26

2009
 Kaká
 Milan
 Real Madrid
33 !56,000,000 [170]
67,000,000
67,740,849
20

2009
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Manchester United
 Real Madrid
36 !80,000,000 [171][172]
94,000,000
96,772,641
43

2013
 Gareth Bale
 Tottenham Hotspur
 Real Madrid
37 !86,000,000[173][174]
100,800,000
88,890,498
8

2016
 Paul Pogba
 Juventus
 Manchester United
38 !89,000,000[177][178]
105,000,000
89,000,000
3

2017
 Neymar
 Barcelona
 Paris Saint-Germain
39 !198,000,000[2][7][4][5]
222,000,000[2][7][4][5]
198,000,000
125

text: Number of records by country[edit]

text:
Country
Player records
Record selling
Record buying

 England
14
17
16

 Italy
8
14
18

 Argentina
5
3
1

 Brazil
5
1
0

 France
3
1
1

 Scotland
2
1
1

 Netherlands
2
3
0

 Wales
2
0
0

 Portugal
2
0
0

 Spain
1
5
9

 Uruguay
1
1
0

 Denmark
1
0
0

 Sweden
1
0
0

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Paul Pogba, the joint-most expensive European player, the most expensive player purchased by an English team, the most expensive midfielder

Ousmane Dembélé, the joint-most expensive European player, the most expensive player purchased by a Spanish team, the most expensive teenager

Zinedine Zidane, the most expensive player for 8 years from 2001 to 2009

Gonzalo Higuaín, the most expensive player purchased by an Italian team, and the most expensive player in a domestic transfer

Oscar, the most expensive player purchased by a non-European team

Gianluigi Buffon, the most expensive goalkeeper; only goalkeeper in the top 50 most expensive football association transfers

Mohamed Salah, the most expensive African player