document_title: Seven Archangels

question_text: who are the three angels mentioned by name in the bible

text: Seven Archangels

text: The earliest reference to a system of seven archangels as a group appears to be in Enoch I (the Book of Enoch) which is not part of the Jewish Canon but is prevalent in the Judaic tradition, where they are named as Michael (Sunday), Gabriel (Monday), Raphael (Tuesday), Uriel (Wednesday), Raguel (Thursday), Remiel (Friday; he is described in the Book of Enoch as having fallen from grace, possibly replaced by Phanuel (angel), who is the fourth archangel) and Sariel (Saturday). While this book today is non-canonical in most Christian churches, it was explicitly quoted in the New Testament (Letter of Jude 1:14-15) and by many of the early Church Fathers. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church to this day regards it to be canonical.

text: In the late 5th to early 6th century, Pseudo-Dionysius gives them as Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Camael, Jophiel, and Zadkiel.[1]

text: The earliest Christian mention is by Pope Saint Gregory I who lists them as Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel (or Anael), Simiel, Oriphiel, and Raguel. A later reference to seven archangels appeared in an 8th or 9th century talisman attributed to Auriolus, a "servant of God" in north-western Spain. He issues a prayer to "all you patriarchs Michael, Gabriel, Cecitiel, Oriel, Raphael, Ananiel, Marmoniel ("who hold the clouds in your hands").[2]

text: Archangels in current church traditions[edit]

text: In the Catholic Church three archangels are mentioned by name in its canon of Scripture: Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael who appears in the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit, where he is described as "one of the seven angels who stand ready and enter before the glory of the Lord of Spirits",[3] a phrase recalled in Revelation 8:2-6.

text: Some strands of the Eastern Orthodox Church, exemplified in the Orthodox Slavonic Bible (Ostrog Bible, Elizabeth Bible, and later consequently Russian Synodal Bible), recognize as authoritative also 2 Esdras, which mentions Uriel. The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine tradition, venerate seven archangels and sometimes an eighth. Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Phanuel, Selaphiel (Salathiel), Jegudiel (Jehudiel), Barachiel, and the eighth, Jerahmeel (Jeremiel) (The Synaxis of the Chief of the Heavenly Hosts, Archangel Michael and the Other Heavenly Bodiless Powers: Feast Day: November 8). [4]

text: As well as Uriel, the Book of Enoch, not regarded as canonical by any of these Christian churches, mentions (chapter 21) Raguel, Sariel, and Jerahmeel, while other apocryphal sources give instead the names Izidkiel, Hanael, and Kepharel.[5]

text: In the Coptic Orthodox tradition the seven archangels are named as Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel, Sedakiel, Sarathiel, and Ananiel.[6]

text: In Anglican and Episcopal tradition, there are three or four archangels in the calendar for September 29, the feast of St Michael and All Angels (also called Michaelmas), namely Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael,[7] and often also Uriel.[8][9][10][11][12]

text: Other ideas[edit]

text: Although in the Book of Enoch, Ramiel is described as one of the leaders of the 200 Grigori, the fallen angels, the leader is identified as Semjaza. Other names derived from pseudepigrapha and recognized by Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches are Selaphiel, Jegudiel, and Raguel.

text: Seven angels or archangels are given as related to the seven days of the week: Michael (Sunday), Gabriel (Monday), Raphael (Tuesday), Uriel (Wednesday), Selaphiel (Thursday), Raguel or Jegudiel (Friday), and Barachiel (Saturday).[citation needed]

text: Various occult systems associate each archangel with one of the traditional "seven luminaries" (the seven naked-eye moving objects in the heavens: the Seven Classical Planets): the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn;[13] but there is disagreement as to which archangel corresponds to which body.

text: According to Rudolf Steiner, four important archangels also display periodic spiritual activity over the seasons: Spring is Raphael, summer is Uriel, autumn is Michael, and winter is Gabriel.[14] Following this line of reasoning, Aries (astrologically ruled by Mars) represents spring, Cancer (ruled by Moon) represents summer, Libra (ruled by Venus) represents autumn, and Capricorn (ruled by Saturn) represents winter. Therefore, by association, Raphael is Mars, Uriel is Moon, Michael is Venus, and Gabriel is Saturn. Rudolf Steiner's Northern Hemisphere indications regarding the seasons and their placement in the Zodiac will be the opposite in the Southern Hemisphere, making Michael the autumn archangel – with Mars in Aries; Raphael the spring archangel – with Venus in Libra; and in mid-winter Gabriel in Cancer; Uriel presides in Capricorn during mid summer in the south.

text: The seven archangels figure in some systems of ritual magic, each archangel bearing a specific seal.[citation needed]


document_title: High-definition television

question_text: when was the first high definition tv made

root

text: High-definition television

text: History[edit]

text: The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last. In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.

tag: p

text: The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both, the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937.[2] In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.

text: Color broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.

text: The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.

text: There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:

text:
EIA monochrome: 4:3 aspect ratio, 1023 lines, 60 Hz
NHK color: 5:3 aspect ratio, 1125 lines, 60 Hz
NHK monochrome: 4:3 aspect ratio, 2125 lines, 50 Hz
BBC colour: 8:3 aspect ratio, 1501 lines, 60 Hz[3]

tag: ul

text: Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the mid to late 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.

text: Analog systems[edit]

text: Early HDTV broadcasting used analog technology, but today it is transmitted digitally and uses video compression.

text: In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.

text: In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.[4]

text: In 1979, the Japanese public broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio.[5] The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1035i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.

text: In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system.[6] Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.[7]

text: Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.

text: Demise of analog HD systems[edit]

text: The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.

text: Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.

text: In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.

text: Rise of digital compression[edit]

text: Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709.[8] In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.[9]

text: DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements.

text: In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.

text: Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.

text: It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format,[10] and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.)

text: Inaugural HDTV broadcast in the United States[edit]

text: HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Field testing of HDTV at 199 sites in the United States was completed August 14, 1994.[11] The first public HDTV broadcast in the United States occurred on July 23, 1996 when the Raleigh, North Carolina television station WRAL-HD began broadcasting from the existing tower of WRAL-TV southeast of Raleigh, winning a race to be first with the HD Model Station in Washington, D.C., which began broadcasting July 31, 1996 with the callsign WHD-TV, based out of the facilities of NBC owned and operated station WRC-TV.[12][13][14] The American Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) HDTV system had its public launch on October 29, 1998, during the live coverage of astronaut John Glenn's return mission to space on board the Space Shuttle Discovery.[15] The signal was transmitted coast-to-coast, and was seen by the public in science centers, and other public theaters specially equipped to receive and display the broadcast.[15][16] The first HDTV logo was created by Washington, DC-based advertising firm Don Schaaf & Friends, Inc.

text: European HDTV broadcasts[edit]

text: The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy, where the tournament was played, and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid.[17] After some HDTV transmissions in Europe the standard was abandoned in the mid-1990s.

text: The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe.[18]

text: Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe.[19] The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.

text: These first European HDTV broadcasts used the 1080i format with MPEG-2 compression on a DVB-S signal from SES's Astra 1H satellite. Euro1080 transmissions later changed to MPEG-4/AVC compression on a DVB-S2 signal in line with subsequent broadcast channels in Europe.

text: Despite delays in some countries,[20] the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe (£60 million in 2010 alone), and 20 million households (27% of all European digital satellite TV homes) watching HD satellite broadcasts (16 million via Astra satellites).[21]

text: In December 2009 the United Kingdom became the first European country to deploy high definition content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard, as specified in the Digital TV Group (DTG) D-book, on digital terrestrial television.

text: The Freeview HD service currently contains 13 HD channels (as of April 2016[update]) and was rolled out region by region across the UK in accordance with the digital switchover process, finally being completed in October 2012. However, Freeview HD is not the first HDTV service over digital terrestrial television in Europe; Italy's Rai HD channel started broadcasting in 1080i on April 24, 2008 using the DVB-T transmission standard.

text: In October 2008 France deployed five high definition channels using DVB-T transmission standard on digital terrestrial distribution.

text: Notation[edit]

text: HDTV broadcast systems are identified with three major parameters:

text:
Frame size in pixels is defined as number of horizontal pixels × number of vertical pixels, for example 1280 × 720 or 1920 × 1080. Often the number of horizontal pixels is implied from context and is omitted, as in the case of 720p and 1080p.
Scanning system is identified with the letter p for progressive scanning or i for interlaced scanning.
Frame rate is identified as number of video frames per second. For interlaced systems, the number of frames per second should be specified, but it is not uncommon to see the field rate incorrectly used instead.

text: If all three parameters are used, they are specified in the following form: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] or [frame size]/[frame or field rate][scanning system].[22] Often, frame size or frame rate can be dropped if its value is implied from context. In this case, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by the scanning system.

text: For example, 1920×1080p25 identifies progressive scanning format with 25 frames per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 25 frames (50 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i30 or 1080i60 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 30 frames (60 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 720p60 notation identifies progressive scanning format with 60 frames per second, each frame being 720 pixels high; 1,280 pixels horizontally are implied.

text: 50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97p/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p.

text: For the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second.[23]

text: There is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms. When transmitted directly through the Internet, the colors are typically pre-converted to 8-bit RGB channels for additional storage savings with the assumption that it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen. As an added benefit to the original broadcasters, the losses of the pre-conversion essentially make these files unsuitable for professional TV re-broadcasting.

text: Most HDTV systems support resolutions and frame rates defined either in the ATSC table 3, or in EBU specification. The most common are noted below.

text: Display resolutions[edit]

text:
Video format supported [image resolution]
Native resolution [inherent resolution] (W×H)
Pixels
Aspect ratio (W:H)
Description

Actual
Advertised (Megapixels)
Image
Pixel

720p
(HD Ready)
1280×720
1024×768
XGA
786,432
0.8
4:3
1:1
Typically a PC resolution (XGA); also a native resolution on many entry-level plasma displays with non-square pixels.

1280×720
921,600
0.9
16:9
1:1
Standard HDTV resolution and a typical PC resolution (WXGA), frequently used by high-end video projectors; also used for 750-line video, as defined in SMPTE 296M, ATSC A/53, ITU-R BT.1543.

1366×768
WXGA
1,049,088
1.0
683:384
(approx. 16:9)
1:1
A typical PC resolution (WXGA); also used by many HD ready TV displays based on LCD technology.

1080p/1080i
(Full HD)
1920×1080
1920×1080
2,073,600
2.1
16:9
1:1
Standard HDTV resolution, used by Full HD and HD ready 1080p TV displays such as high-end LCD, plasma and rear projection TVs, and a typical PC resolution (lower than WUXGA); also used for 1125-line video, as defined in SMPTE 274M, ATSC A/53, ITU-R BT.709;

tag: table

text:
Video format supported
Screen resolution (W×H)
Pixels
Aspect ratio (W:H)
Description

Actual
Advertised (Megapixels)
Image
Pixel

720p
(HD Ready)
1280×720
1248×702
Clean Aperture
876,096
0.9
16:9
1:1
Used for 750-line video with faster artifact/overscan compensation, as defined in SMPTE 296M.

1080i
(Full HD)
1920×1080
1440×1080
HDCAM/HDV
1,555,200
1.6
16:9
4:3
Used for anamorphic 1125-line video in the HDCAM and HDV formats introduced by Sony and defined (also as a luminance subsampling matrix) in SMPTE D11.

1080p
(Full HD)
1920×1080
1888×1062
Clean aperture
2,005,056
2.0
16:9
1:1
Used for 1124-line video with faster artifact/overscan compensation, as defined in SMPTE 274M.

text: At a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching, thus increasing the effective image resolution.

text: A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source.

text: Standard frame or field rates[edit]

text: ATSC and DVB define the following frame rates for use with the various broadcast standards:[24][25]

text:
23.976 Hz (film-looking frame rate compatible with NTSC clock speed standards)
24 Hz (international film and ATSC high-definition material)
25 Hz (PAL film, DVB standard-definition and high-definition material)
29.97 Hz (NTSC film and standard-definition material)
30 Hz (NTSC film, ATSC high-definition material)
50 Hz (DVB high-definition material)
59.94 Hz (ATSC high-definition material)
60 Hz (ATSC high-definition material)

text: The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source.

text: PAL, SECAM and NTSC frame rates technically apply only to analogue standard definition television, not to digital or high definition broadcasts. However, with the roll out of digital broadcasting, and later HDTV broadcasting, countries retained their heritage systems. HDTV in former PAL and SECAM countries operates at a frame rate of 25/50 Hz, while HDTV in former NTSC countries operates at 30/60 Hz.[26]

text: Types of media[edit]

text: Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate.

text: Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode. 720p also imposes less strenuous storage and decoding requirements compared to both 1080i and 1080p. 1080p/24, 1080i/30, 1080i/25, and 720p/30 is most often used on Blu-ray Disc.

text: Modern systems[edit]

text: In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS at 1080i; and The CW at either resolution depending on the local affiliate). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.

text: Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.[27]

text: High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV, Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.

text: Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities. On November 18, 2012, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

text: Recording and compression[edit]

text: HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

text: The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

text: Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market.

text: In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C.[28] This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.


document_title: FV Big Valley

question_text: what happened to the big valley crab boat

text: FV Big Valley

text:
History

United States

Name:
Big Valley

Owner:
Gary Edwards

Out of service:
2005

Homeport:
Kodiak, Alaska

Status:
Sunk

General characteristics

Class and type:
Fishing ship

Length:
92 ft (28 m)

Beam:
23 ft (7.0 m)

Draft:
12 ft (3.7 m)

Installed power:
Twin 350-hp Detroit Diesel engine

Capacity:
31 pots

Crew:
6

text: The Big Valley was a 92 foot (28 m) crabber boat. The vessel capsized and sank Saturday, January 15, 2005, in the Bering Sea in an area 70 miles (110 km) west of Saint Paul Island, Alaska. Only one member of the crew survived: Cache Seel, 30. Skipper Gary Edwards, 46, of Kodiak, Alaska; Danny Vermeersch, 33 of Belgium; Josias Luna, 48, of Anchorage, Alaska; Aaron Marrs, 27, of Louisville, Kentucky; and Carlos Rivera, 35, of Uruguay all perished.

text: The vessel's EPIRB emergency beacon went off around 8:00am AST (UTC-9), at the beginning of the 2005 opilio crab hunting season. Three fishing vessels (Cornelia Marie, Maverick and Sea Rover), U.S. Coast Guard ship USCGC Sherman,[1] the Alaska state patrol boat Stimson, and a Coast Guard helicopter out of Saint Paul Island were involved in the search.

text: The helicopter rescued Cache Seel, who was the only crewmember to make it to the life raft. Vermeersch and Rivera, who were wearing survival suits like Seel, were found dead in the water. Vermeersch was recovered by the helicopter, and Rivera was recovered by Stimson. Edwards, Luna and Marrs fell into the water without survival suits, and their bodies were never found. According to Seel's account, Edwards and Luna were thrown overboard while trying to release the life raft. Vermeersch ultimately freed it, but only Seel made it to the raft after 50 minutes in the water.[2]

text: The Coast Guard had limited the Big Valley, one of the smallest boats that participated in the crab fishery, to carrying 31 crab pots. She left Dutch Harbor in Unalaska, Alaska, for her final trip with 55 pots and 183,000 pounds of bait, more than three times the amount allowed, according to the Coast Guard investigation.[3] That extra weight contributed to her fate, the investigation found.

text: The search for Big Valley was covered in an episode of the television show, Deadliest Catch. It was Big Valley's captain, Gary Edwards, who demonstrated the distress radiobeacon for the show.

text: Survivor[edit]

text: Seel, who was taken to Kodiak, Alaska, and ultimately recovered, gave authorities his account of the event, clearing up details of the night. He reported that there was no icing occurring on the deck and the boat was carrying 50 pots for crab fishing.[4]


document_title: List of Australian Football League wooden spoons

question_text: when was the last time collingwood won the wooden spoon

text: Criteria[edit]

text: The team which finishes on the bottom of the ladder wins the wooden spoon. This is determined by:

text:
Fewest premiership points (four points for a win, two points for a draw)
Lowest percentage (the ratio of points for to points against if on same numbers of points)

text: No countback exists if teams finish equal on points but with a different number of wins.

text: From 1901–1907, the VFL season was set up such that each team played fourteen regular season games: two games against each opponent. Based upon regular season ladder positions, teams were divided into pools A (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th) and B (2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th), and each team played the opponents from its pool once each in the "sectional round."

text: Following the sectional round, the results of these matches were added to the ladder to give a final ladder based on seventeen matches per team. As such, the wooden spooner is considered to be the team which finishes last after all seventeen matches.

text: The three sectional games changed the outcome of the wooden spoon twice in the seven seasons of this format: in 1905, St Kilda beat Geelong in their last game, relegating Melbourne to last, and in 1907, Fitzroy won all three of their games, relegating Essendon to last.

text: In the war-time season of 1916, only four teams (Carlton, Collingwood, Fitzroy and Richmond) competed. Fitzroy finished last after the home-and-away season with a record of 2–9–1 (10 pts), and Richmond finished third with a record of 5–7–0 (20 pts).

text: All four teams competed in the finals under the amended Argus system in place at the time. Richmond lost their Semi-Final and finished in overall last place as the lowest placed Semi-Final loser, while Fitzroy won their Semi-Final, the Final and the Grand Final to claim the premiership.

text: There is hence some uncertainty regarding which team should lay claim to the wooden spoon in that season; by analogy with the minor and major premierships, it could be said that Fitzroy won the "minor wooden spoon" and Richmond won the "major wooden spoon".

text: The official AFL season guide recognises Richmond as the wooden spooners for the 1916 VFL season.

text: Records[edit]

text:
St Kilda has won the most wooden spoons of any existing AFL team, with 27; its most recent wooden spoon was in 2014.
Carlton has the longest wooden spoon drought in VFL/AFL history, and was the last of the foundation clubs to win a wooden spoon. Its first wooden spoon came in 2002, the club's 106th season of VFL/AFL competition. Despite this, they currently have the most wooden spoons in the 21st century with five.
Essendon and Collingwood are the only teams to follow up a wooden spoon with a Grand Final appearance, in 1907–08 and 1976–77 respectively. Neither was victorious.
Essendon hold the record for the swiftest rise from wooden spoon to premiership, two seasons: they finished last in 1921 and won back-to-back premierships in 1923–24.
Melbourne and Fitzroy hold the record for the swiftest descent from premiership to wooden spoon, three seasons: Melbourne finished last in 1951 after winning the premiership in 1948, and Fitzroy laid partial claim to the 1916 wooden spoon after winning the premiership in 1913.
St Kilda, Hawthorn, Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney all won the wooden spoon in their inaugural season in the VFL/AFL.
Further, Greater Western Sydney also won the inaugural AFL Women's wooden spoon with only one win and a draw from seven matches played.
Collingwood in 1976 holds the record for the most wins by a wooden spooner with six.
Thirteen wooden spooners failed to win a match during the season, the most recent being Fitzroy in 1964.
The highest percentage recorded by a wooden spoon team was by South Melbourne, with 91.3% in 1922.
The Adelaide Crows and Port Adelaide are the only teams to  have not yet "won" a wooden spoon.
Carlton are the first (and currently only) team to have both their men's and women's teams 'win' the wooden spoon in the same season, which occurred in 2018.

text: Wooden spoons by season[edit]

text:
Season
Wooden spoon
Wins
Losses
Draws
Percentage
Points

1897
St Kilda
0
14
0
29.1
0

1898
St Kilda
0
14
0
33.5
0

1899
St Kilda
0
14
0
28.0
0

1900
St Kilda
1
13
0
39.1
4

1901
St Kilda
1
16
0
–
4

1902
St Kilda
0
17
0
–
0

1903
South Melbourne
2
15
0
–
8

1904
St Kilda
3
14
0
–
12

1905
Melbourne
3
14
0
–
12

1906
Melbourne
1
16
0
–
4

1907
Essendon
5
12
0
–
20

1908
Geelong
2
16
0
–
8

1909
St Kilda
2
15
0
59.3
8

1910
St Kilda
1
17
0
62.3
4

1911
University
1
17
0
52.1
4

1912
University
1
17
0
57.0
4

1913
University
0
18
0
57.6
0

1914
University
0
18
0
47.0
0

1915
Geelong
3
13
0
68.0
12

1916 Minor1916 Major
FitzroyRichmond
25
97
10
81.689.9
1020

1917
Richmond
3
11
1
–
14

1918
Essendon
3
11
0
64.2
12

1919
Melbourne
0
16
0
43.0
0

1920
St Kilda
2
14
0
57.2
8

1921
Essendon
3
11
2
80.8
16

1922
South Melbourne
4
11
1
91.3
18

1923
Melbourne
3
13
0
80.4
12

1924
St Kilda
4
12
0
75.7
16

1925
Hawthorn
3
14
0
66.1
12

1926
North Melbourne
0
17
1
73.7
2

1927
Hawthorn
1
17
0
63.1
4

1928
Hawthorn
0
18
0
61.6
0

1929
North Melbourne
1
17
0
60.2
4

1930
North Melbourne
1
17
0
51.8
4

1931
North Melbourne
0
18
0
50.8
0

1932
Hawthorn
3
15
0
64.1
12

1933
Essendon
2
16
0
77.1
12

1934
North Melbourne
0
18
0
66.4
0

1935
North Melbourne
1
17
0
65.1
4

1936
Fitzroy
2
16
0
68.9
8

1937
North Melbourne
3
15
0
64.2
12

1938
South Melbourne
2
16
0
71.8
8

1939
South Melbourne
3
15
0
70.8
12

1940
North Melbourne
4
14
0
75.1
16

1941
Hawthorn
3
15
0
68.2
12

1942
Hawthorn
1
14
0
65.6
8

1943
St Kilda
1
8
1
73.9
10

1944
Geelong
1
17
0
58.6
4

1945
St Kilda
2
18
0
62.2
8

1946
Hawthorn
3
16
0
70.5
12

1947
St Kilda
1
17
1
58.7
6

1948
St Kilda
2
17
0
59.9
8

1949
Hawthorn
3
16
0
61.1
12

1950
Hawthorn
0
18
0
49.8
0

1951
Melbourne
1
17
0
70.5
4

1952
St Kilda
2
17
0
68.1
8

1953
Hawthorn
3
15
0
68.5
12

1954
St Kilda
4
13
1
72.7
18

1955
St Kilda
1
17
0
45.4
4

1956
North Melbourne
3
16
0
69.5
12

1957
Geelong
5
12
1
88.2
22

1958
Geelong
4
14
0
73.8
16

1959
Footscray
3
15
0
73.3
12

1960
Richmond
2
14
2
65.1
12

1961
North Melbourne
4
13
1
79.1
18

1962
South Melbourne
3
15
0
74.4
12

1963
Fitzroy
1
17
0
57.5
4

1964
Fitzroy
0
18
0
59.7
0

1965
Hawthorn
4
14
0
68.9
16

1966
Fitzroy
1
17
0
53.8
4

1967
Footscray
4
14
0
71.8
16

1968
North Melbourne
3
17
0
74.3
12

1969
Melbourne
3
17
0
83.1
12

1970
North Melbourne
4
18
0
79.1
16

1971
South Melbourne
3
19
0
69.9
12

1972
North Melbourne
1
21
0
62.9
4

1973
South Melbourne
4
18
0
79.0
16

1974
Melbourne
3
19
0
77.1
12

1975
South Melbourne
2
20
0
75.0
8

1976
Collingwood
6
16
0
86.4
24

1977
St Kilda
3
17
2
73.5
16

1978
Melbourne
5
17
0
69.1
20

1979
St Kilda
3
19
0
65.0
12

1980
Fitzroy
4
17
1
86.0
18

1981
Melbourne
1
21
0
63.5
4

1982
Footscray
3
19
0
68.1
12

1983
St Kilda
5
17
0
79
20

1984
St Kilda
5
17
0
76
20

1985
St Kilda
3
19
0
64.7
12

1986
St Kilda
2
20
0
71.9
8

1987
Richmond
5
17
0
83
20

1988
St Kilda
4
18
0
82
16

1989
Richmond
5
17
0
71
20

1990
Brisbane Bears
4
18
0
71
16

1991
Brisbane Bears
3
19
0
70
12

1992
Sydney
3
18
1
74
14

1993
Sydney
1
19
0
63
4

1994
Sydney
4
18
0
78
16

1995
Fitzroy
2
20
0
58.2
8

1996
Fitzroy
1
21
0
49.5
4

1997
Melbourne
4
18
0
60.8
16

1998
Brisbane Lions
5
16
1
75
22

1999
Collingwood
4
18
0
84.8
16

2000
St Kilda
2
19
1
70.5
10

2001
Fremantle
2
20
0
72.0
8

2002
Carlton
3
19
0
73.1
12

2003
Western Bulldogs
3
18
1
74.8
14

2004
Richmond
4
18
0
69.2
16

2005
Carlton
4
17
1
75.5
18

2006
Carlton
3
18
1
74.2
14

2007
Richmond
3
18
1
77.2
14

2008
Melbourne
3
19
0
62.6
12

2009
Melbourne
4
18
0
74.7
16

2010
West Coast
4
18
0
77.1
16

2011
Gold Coast
3
19
0
56.27
12

2012
Greater Western Sydney
2
20
0
46.17
8

2013
Greater Western Sydney
1
21
0
50.97
4

2014
St Kilda
4
18
0
60.8
16

2015
Carlton
4
18
0
64.8
16

2016
Essendon
3
19
0
61
12

2017
Brisbane Lions
5
17
0
74.3
20

2018
Carlton
2
20
0
59.3
8

text: Wooden spoon tally[edit]

text:
Club
TotalWoodenSpoons
Years of Wooden Spoon

St Kilda
 27
1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1904, 1909, 1910, 1920, 1924, 1943, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 2000, 2014

North Melbourne
13
1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1940, 1956, 1961, 1968, 1970, 1972

Melbourne
12
1905, 1906, 1919, 1923, 1951, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1981, 1997, 2008, 2009

Hawthorn
 11
1925, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1965

South Melbourne/Sydney
 11
1903, 1922, 1938, 1939, 1962, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1992, 1993, 1994

Fitzroy
 8*
1916*, 1936, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1980, 1995, 1996

Richmond
 7*
1916*, 1917, 1960, 1987, 1989, 2004, 2007

Carlton
 5
2002, 2005, 2006, 2015, 2018

Essendon
 5
1907, 1918, 1921, 1933, 2016

Geelong
 5
1908, 1915, 1944, 1957, 1958

University
 4
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914

Footscray/Western Bulldogs
 4
1959, 1967, 1982, 2003

Brisbane Bears
 2
1990, 1991

Brisbane Lions
 2
1998, 2017

Collingwood
 2
1976, 1999

Greater Western Sydney
 2
2012, 2013

Fremantle
 1
2001

West Coast Eagles
1
2010

Gold Coast
 1
2011

Port Adelaide
 0
N/A

Adelaide
 0
N/A

text: current clubs are shown in bold

text: * See 1916 explanation above

text: Longest wooden spoon droughts[edit]

text:
Club

Time period

Years

Carlton

1897–2002

105

Essendon

1933–2016

83

Collingwood

1897–1976

79

Geelong

1958–present

60

Hawthorn

1965–present

53

North Melbourne

1972–present

46

Richmond

1917–1960

43

Fitzroy

1897–19361

39

Footscray

1925–1959

34

text: 1 See discussion on 1916 wooden spoon.

text: Active wooden spoon droughts[edit]

text:
Club

Last won

Years since

Geelong

1958

60

Hawthorn

1965

53

North Melbourne

1972

46

Adelaide

never[a]

27

Sydney

1994

24

Port Adelaide

never[b]

21

Collingwood

1999

19

Fremantle

2001

17

Western Bulldogs

2003

15

Richmond

2007

11

Melbourne

2009

9

West Coast

2010

8

Gold Coast

2011

7

Greater Western Sydney

2013

5

St Kilda

2014

4

Essendon

2016

2

Brisbane Lions

2017

1

Carlton

2018

0

text: Droughts are as of end of the 2018 season.

text: AFL Women's[edit]

text:
Season
Wooden spoon
Wins
Losses
Draws
Percentage
Points

2017
Greater Western Sydney
1
5
1
51.8
6

2018
Carlton
2
5
0
54.1
8

text: References and Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Joined competition in 1991

Jump up ^ Joined competition in 1997

tag: ol


document_title: List of Philadelphia Eagles seasons

question_text: when was the last year the eagles were in the playoffs

text: List of Philadelphia Eagles seasons

text: This article is a list of seasons completed by the Philadelphia Eagles, a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles are a member of the National Football Conference (NFC) East division in the National Football League (NFL). This article documents the season-by-season records of the Eagles’ franchise from 1933 to present, including postseason records, as well as league awards for individual players or head coaches. The Philadelphia Eagles won their 500th game on Sunday, October 26, 2008 over the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 27–14. They were the seventh NFL team to accomplish this feat and the first since the San Francisco 49ers defeated the St. Louis Rams in week 16 of the 2005 NFL season. They are also the first team in the NFC East to accomplish this feat since the Washington Redskins defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 8 of the 2000 NFL season. As of 2017, the Eagles have never lost a game to the New York Jets (10–0) or the Houston Texans (4–0).

text: The Eagles have won four league titles. Three of these were won prior to the start of the Super Bowl era (in 1948, 1949, and 1960). The fourth and most recent championship was won in Super Bowl LII.

text: Season records[edit]

text:
NFL Champions (1920–1969)
Super Bowl Champions (1970–present)
Conference Champions
Division Champions
Wild Card Berth
One-Game Playoff Berth

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season
Playoffs
Awards/Head coaches

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

Philadelphia Eagles

1933
1933
NFL

East
4th
3
5
1
—
Lud Wray

1934
1934
NFL

East
T-3rd
4
7
0
—
Lud Wray

1935
1935
NFL

East
5th
2
9
0
—
Lud Wray (9-21-1)

1936
1936
NFL

East
5th
1
11
0
—
Bert Bell

1937
1937
NFL

East
5th
2
8
1
—
Bert Bell

1938
1938
NFL

East
4th
5
6
0
—
Bert Bell

1939
1939
NFL

East
T-4th
1
9
1
—
Bert Bell

1940
1940
NFL

East
5th
1
10
0
—
Bert Bell (10-44-2)

1941
1941
NFL

East
4th
2
8
1
—
Greasy Neale

1942
1942
NFL

East
5th
2
9
0
—
Greasy Neale†

Steagles

1943
1943
NFL

East
3rd
5
4
1
—
Greasy Neale†

Philadelphia Eagles

1944
1944
NFL

East
2nd
7
1
2
—
Greasy Neale†

1945
1945
NFL

East
2nd
7
3
0
—
Greasy Neale†

1946
1946
NFL

East
2nd
6
5
0
—
Greasy Neale†

1947
1947
NFL

East
1st
8
4
0
Won Eastern Divisional Playoff (at Steelers) 21–0
Lost NFL Championship (at Cardinals) 21–28
Greasy Neale†

1948
1948
NFL

East
1st
9
2
1
Won NFL Championship (1) (Cardinals) 7–0
Greasy Neale†

1949
1949
NFL

East
1st
11
1
0
Won NFL Championship (2) (at Rams) 14–0
Greasy Neale†

1950
1950
NFL
American

T3rd
6
6
0
—
Greasy Neale† (66-44-5)

1951
1951
NFL
American

5th
4
8
0
—
Bo McMillin (2-0)
Wayne Millner (2-8)

1952
1952
NFL
American

T-2nd
7
5
0
—
Jim Trimble

1953
1953
NFL
Eastern

2nd
7
4
1
—
Jim Trimble

1954
1954
NFL
Eastern

2nd
7
4
1
—
Jim Trimble

1955
1955
NFL
Eastern

T-4th
4
7
1
—
Jim Trimble (25-20-3)

1956
1956
NFL
Eastern

6th
3
8
1
—
Hugh Devore

1957
1957
NFL
Eastern

5th
4
8
0
—
Hugh Devore (7-16-1)

1958
1958
NFL
Eastern

T-5th
2
9
1
—
Buck Shaw

1959
1959
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd
7
5
0
—
Buck Shaw

1960
1960
NFL
Eastern

1st
10
2
0
Won NFL Championship (3) (Packers) 17–13
Norm Van Brocklin (MVP)
Buck Shaw (COY) (20-16-1)

1961
1961
NFL
Eastern

2nd
10
4
0
—
Nick Skorich

1962
1962
NFL
Eastern

7th
3
10
1
—
Nick Skorich

1963
1963
NFL
Eastern

7th
2
10
2
—
Nick Skorich (15-24-3)

1964
1964
NFL
Eastern

T-3rd
6
8
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1965
1965
NFL
Eastern

T-5th
5
9
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1966
1966
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd
9
5
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1967
1967
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
2nd
6
7
1
—
Joe Kuharich

1968
1968
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
4th
2
12
0
—
Joe Kuharich (28-41-1)

1969
1969
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
4th
4
9
1
—
Jerry Williams

1970
1970
NFL
NFC
East
5th
3
10
1
—
Jerry Williams

1971
1971
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
6
7
1
—
Jerry Williams (7-22-2)
Ed Khayat

1972
1972
NFL
NFC
East
5th
2
11
1
—
Ed Khayat (8-15-2)

1973
1973
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
5
8
1
—
Mike McCormack

1974
1974
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
7
0
—
Mike McCormack

1975
1975
NFL
NFC
East
5th
4
10
0
—
Mike McCormack (16-25-1)

1976
1976
NFL
NFC
East
4th
4
10
0
—
Dick Vermeil

1977
1977
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
9
0
—
Dick Vermeil

1978
1978
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Falcons) 13–14
Dick Vermeil

1979
1979
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Bears) 27–17
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Buccaneers) 17–24
Dick Vermeil

1980
1980
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Vikings) 31–16
Won NFC Championship (Cowboys) 20–7
Lost Super Bowl XV (vs. Raiders) 10–27
Harold Carmichael (WP MOY)
Dick Vermeil

1981
1981
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Giants) 21–27
Dick Vermeil

1982
1982
NFL
NFC

13th+
3
6
0
—
Dick Vermeil (57-51)

1983
1983
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
11
0
—
Marion Campbell

1984
1984
NFL
NFC
East
5th
6
9
1
—
Marion Campbell

1985
1985
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Marion Campbell (17-29-1)
Fred Bruney (1-0)

1986
1986
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
10
1
—
Buddy Ryan

1987
1987
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
8
0
—
Buddy Ryan
Reggie White (DPOY)

1988
1988
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 12–20
Buddy Ryan

1989
1989
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Rams) 7–21
Buddy Ryan

1990
1990
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Redskins) 6–20
Buddy Ryan (43-38-1)

1991
1991
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
10
6
0
—
Rich Kotite

1992
1992
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Saints) 36–20
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Cowboys) 10–34
Rich Kotite

1993
1993
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
8
8
0
—
Rich Kotite

1994
1994
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Rich Kotite (37-29)

1995
1995
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Lions) 58–37
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Cowboys) 11–30
Ray Rhodes (COY)

1996
1996
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at 49ers) 0–14
Ray Rhodes

1997
1997
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
6
9
1
—
Ray Rhodes

1998
1998
NFL
NFC
East
5th
3
13
0
—
Ray Rhodes (30-36-1)

1999
1999
NFL
NFC
East
5th
5
11
0
—
Andy Reid

2000
2000
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Buccaneers) 21–3
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Giants) 10–20
Andy Reid

2001
2001
NFL
NFC
East
1st
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Buccaneers) 31–9
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 33–19
Lost NFC Championship (at Rams) 24–29
Andy Reid

2002
2002
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Falcons) 20–6
Lost NFC Championship (Buccaneers) 10–27
Andy Reid (COY)
Troy Vincent (WP MOY)

2003
2003
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Packers) 20–17 (OT)
Lost NFC Championship (Panthers) 3–14
Andy Reid

2004
2004
NFL
NFC
East
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Vikings) 27–14
Won NFC Championship (Falcons) 27–10
Lost Super Bowl XXXIX (vs. Patriots) 21–24
Andy Reid

2005
2005
NFL
NFC
East
4th
6
10
0
—
Andy Reid

2006
2006
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Giants) 23–20
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Saints) 24–27
Andy Reid

2007
2007
NFL
NFC
East
4th
8
8
0
—
Andy Reid

2008
2008
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
9
6
1
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Vikings) 26–14
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Giants) 23–11
Lost NFC Championship (at Cardinals) 25–32
Andy Reid

2009
2009
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Cowboys) 14–34
Andy Reid

2010
2010
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Packers) 16–21
Andy Reid
Michael Vick (CBPOY)

2011
2011
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
8
8
0
—
Andy Reid

2012
2012
NFL
NFC
East
4th
4
12
0
—
Andy Reid (140-102-1)

2013
2013
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Saints) 24–26
Chip Kelly

2014
2014
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
—
Chip Kelly

2015
2015
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
7
9
0
—
Chip Kelly (26-22)
Pat Shurmur (1-0)

2016
2016
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Doug Pederson

2017
2017
NFL
NFC
East
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Falcons) 15–10
Won NFC Championship (Vikings) 38–7
Won Super Bowl LII (1) (vs. Patriots) 41–33
Doug Pederson
Nick Foles (SB MVP)

Totals thru February 4, 2018[1]
568
594
26
(1933–2017, regular season)

22
21
–
(1933–2017, playoffs)

590
615
26
(all games, 1933–2017, including NFL playoffs)

text: * = Current standing

text: + = Due to a strike-shortened season in 1982, all teams were ranked by conference instead of division.