document_title: 2009 Seattle Sounders FC season

question_text: who was the first player drafted by the sounders

question_tokens: who was the first player drafted by the sounders

text: 2009 Seattle Sounders FC season

text: Background[edit]

text: In a press conference on November 13, 2007, MLS announced the award of an MLS expansion team franchise to Seattle.[3] In 2008, Sounders FC developed the Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila and the USL team played most of the 2008 season at the updated facility. At the time, the USL team's management thought that practicing and playing at Starfire could provide more continuity and a smoother transition for those hoping to play for the new MLS franchise.[4]

text: In early December 2008, Seattle Sounders FC reportedly offered a coaching contract to Sigi Schmid, who led the Los Angeles Galaxy to a MLS Cup in 2002 and the Columbus Crew to a MLS Cup in 2008. However, before Schmid could respond to the contract offer, the ownership of the Columbus Crew filed a tampering complaint with the MLS that put the offer on hold. The Crew's ownership complained that Schmid had communicated with Sounders FC during the 2008 season, despite being denied permission to do so, and that he shared confidential information with Sounders FC after leaving the Crew.[5] The MLS ruled that no tampering occurred, but ordered Sounders FC to financially compensate the Crew before signing Schmid.[6] Sounders FC officially introduced Schmid as their first coach on December 16.[7] Former USL Sounders player and head coach Brian Schmetzer was retained as the top assistant coach, and Tom Dutra was selected as goalkeeper coach.[8][9] Retired Major League Soccer veteran defender Ezra Hendrickson joined the Sounders as an assistant coach in January, 2009.[10] Former MLS player and Everett, Washington, native Chris Henderson was named technical director on January 24, 2008.[11] Joining Henderson in the front office is longtime Seattle Seahawks VP Gary Wright as the senior vice president of business operations.[12] Drew Carey was named the chairman of the Membership Association.[13]

text: Signings and drafts[edit]

text: Seattle Sounders FC was given first negotiation rights to any player that was not drafted in the 2008 MLS SuperDraft and joined the USL Sounders for the 2008 season. The team was also allowed to promote as many players from the 2008 USL Sounders squad as they'd chose, as long as the player's rights were not controlled by another team.[14] Seattle Sounders FC officially announced the 2007 USL First Division MVP and former USL Sounder Sébastien Le Toux as its first signing on May 7, 2008.[15] On August 14, 2008, the Sounders announced in a press conference their second signing for the 2009 season, former United States men's national team goalkeeper Kasey Keller, a Washington native.[16] On September 5, 2008, Seattle Sounders FC announced the third signee for the franchise to be Sanna Nyassi from Gambia. Nyassi, a 19-year-old midfielder, was a member of the Gambia U-20 national team at the 2007 FIFA Championship. Sanna’s twin brother, Sainey Nyassi, was signed by the Revolution and is a regular starter in MLS this season.[17] On October 28, 2008, it was officially announced that the Sounders had signed Swedish midfielder Fredrik Ljungberg using the Designated Player Rule. He signed a two-year contract reported to be worth $2.5 million per season.[18]

text: Team building continued with the 2008 MLS Expansion Draft and the 2009 MLS SuperDraft. In the expansion draft, held on November 26, 2008, Seattle Sounders FC selected the following players from other MLS teams: Nate Jaqua (Houston), Brad Evans (Columbus), Stephen King (Chicago), Jeff Parke (RBNY), James Riley (San Jose), Khano Smith (New England), Jarrod Smith (Toronto FC), Nathan Sturgis (Real Salt Lake), Peter Vagenas (LA Galaxy) and Tyson Wahl (Kansas City).[19] As the 2009 expansion team Sounders FC was given the first pick in each round of the SuperDraft. With the number one pick of the first round of the draft, Seattle Sounders FC selected University of Akron forward Steve Zakuani. As the first picks of the second round (16th overall), third round (31st overall), and fourth round (46th overall), Seattle selected Wake Forest University defender Evan Brown, Azusa Pacific University defender Jared Karkas, and Harvard University midfielder/forward Michael Fucito respectively.[20]

text: The team lineup was adjusted throughout. Defender Jeff Parke was selected in the expansion draft, and reported for training camp after tryouts with teams in Belgium.[21][22] After training with the club for less than a week, Parke was unable to reach a contract agreement and left to train with the Vancouver Whitecaps of the USL.[23] FC traded a conditional draft pick to Houston in order to acquire defender Patrick Ianni, who had worked with Seattle's coach Schmid on the under-20 US national team.[24] Seattle also traded allocation money to Toronto FC in exchange for Tyrone Marshall in order to increase their depth on defense.[25] The Sounders also traded away midfielder Khano Smith, another expansion draft selection, to Red Bull New York for allocation money.[26]

text: Review[edit]

text: Preseason[edit]

text: Seattle's preseason was broken up into four stages. The team started in southern California, then moved back to the Northwest, then to Argentina, and then finished back in Seattle.[27] On February 9, 2009 in their first ever exhibition game, Sounders FC beat the Los Angeles Galaxy 3–1 on a practice field beside The Home Depot Center in Carson, California. Fredy Montero, Roger Levesque and Sanna Nyassi all scored goals in the win.[28] The next day, Sounders FC had their second training match in Ventura, California against Chinese club Shandong Luneng. They won 2–0 with both goals provided by midfielder Sanna Nyassi.[29] The following day, February 11, Sounders FC defeated the Ventura County Fusion of the USL Premier Development League 6–1 in their third preseason match in three days. Steve Zakuani and Nate Jaqua both scored two goals while Fredy Montero and Roger Levesque added one each.[30] On February 14, Sounders FC experienced their first loss of the preseason falling 3–2 to the San Jose Earthquakes while playing on the campus of California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, California. Fredy Montero scored both of the Sounders FC goals in the loss.[31]

text: Following their activities in southern California, Sounders FC's returned to the Pacific Northwest to continue their training. On the evening of February 20, 2009, Sounders FC defeated the University of Portland Pilots 4–1. Nate Jaqua and Kasey Keller received a pregame ovation because they both had played collegiate soccer with the Pilots. Jaqua, along with trialist Jeff Clark, Fredy Montero, and Brad Evans scored goals for Seattle.[32] Two days later, the club played their first preseason match at Qwest Field as they defeated the Vancouver Whitecaps 4–0. Forwards Nate Jaqua and Fredy Montero scored two goals apiece.[33]

text: Next the club traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina where they continued training and played 4 more preseason matches. Seattle played the first of these matches against Estudiantes de La Plata on February 27, who they lost to 1–3.[34] On February 28, Sounders FC had their first tie of the preseason, 1–1 against CED, a team made up of local free agent players.[34][35] The club defeated Argentine second division opponents Tristán Suárez 5–0. Michael Fucito, Fredy Montero, Brad Evans and Zach Scott and Sebastian Le Toux all scored in the victory.[36] One day later, due to heavy rain, an exhibition match against Gimnasia La Plata was canceled.[37] In the club's final preseason match in Argentina, they faced reserve players of River Plate on March 5. They were held scoreless by River Plate with a final score of 1–0.[38]

text: After completing training exercises in Argentina, the club returned to Seattle for the remainder of the preseason. On March 9, Designated Player Freddie Ljungberg joined practice for the first time. Ljungberg had missed most of the preseason due to hip surgery he had undergone in December.[39] On March 12, Sounders FC played their final preseason match against the Colorado Rapids of the MLS at Qwest Field. Seattle lost 1–0 on a penalty kick by Colorado's Conor Casey.[40] Seattle finished preseason exhibition play with a record of 7 wins, 3 losses, and 1 tie.

text: March[edit]

text: Prior to the first game of the season, all 22,000 season ticket packages offered by the team were sold, giving the team the most season ticket holders in Major League Soccer.[41] On March 19, Seattle Sounders FC began their first regular season with a 3–0 win over the New York Red Bulls. Fredy Montero scored the first regular season goal in team history, finishing a movement from Sebastien Le Toux and Osvaldo Alonso in the 12th minute. Montero assisted Brad Evans' goal, and also scored the team's third goal. Kasey Keller, a veteran American goalkeeper who had played his entire career abroad, made his MLS debut at 39 years of age, and made two saves to register the team's first regular season shutout.[42]

text: On March 24 Seattle signed Kevin Forrest as a Senior Developmental player after he was released by Colorado.[43] On March 28 Sounders FC continued the success of their fast start with a second consecutive home shutout, defeating Real Salt Lake 2–0. Designated player Freddie Ljungberg made his first regular season appearance as a substitute in the 61st minute of play. Nate Jaqua scored in the 17th minute, and Fredy Montero scored his league leading third goal of the season in the 77th minute.[44][45]

text: March saw Montero winning Player of the Week honors for week 1 and Keller for week 2.[46][47] Montero won Goal of the Week for the first two games and was named the Player of the Month.[48]

text: April[edit]

text: After their first two victories at home, Sounders FC played their first away game in history against Toronto FC. The Sounders expected a challenging away environment but were victorious were able to win in another 2–0 shutout. Montero missed the match due to illness. Soon after, reports out of Seattle linked Montero to a sexual assault case with an unidentified woman. In a statement made by Sounders publicist, Montero asserted that the allegations stemmed from a disagreement in which he sought to end the relationship.[49] and a police inquiry resulted in no charges being filed.

text: After winning their first three games, Seattle Sounders FC suffered their first competitive loss at home against the Kansas City Wizards. Kasey Keller was sent off in the 29th minute for a handball outside the 18-yard box, as the Sounders fell 1–0 to the Wizards. The following week they lost at Chivas USA. Chris Eylander was scored on twice while covering the goal during Keller's suspension. The Sounders again failed to score.

text: The Sounders returned to their winning ways in a 2–0 home win versus the San Jose Earthquakes.

text: April 28 was the beginning of the team's Open Cup campaign. Schmid asserted that the competition was important and won the first of two qualifying rounds 4 – 1 against Real Salt Lake.[50] The Sounders have played home games at the Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila. The facility is older and smaller than Qwest Field but the Sounders say the atmosphere is better for smaller cup matches.[51]

text: May[edit]

text: The following 5 weeks the Sounders managed to gain 5 points in the standings as they tied each game. First, a 1–1 tie at the Chicago Fire in which striker Fredy Montero was sent off in the 48th minute for an elbow to the face of Gonzalo Segares while both players went up for a ball in the air.[52] Then another 1–1 tie the next week at home against the Los Angeles Galaxy in which yet another red card was issued, to James Riley this time, in the 57th minute for a "phantom blow" to Mike Magee as the two got into a scrum.[53] Two more away ties followed, first against FC Dallas 1–1 and then another at Colorado, 2–2. Ljungberg missed three games during this period due to migraine headaches.[54] May 31, 2009 Sounders FC then returned home for their 5th consecutive tie in league play, this time 1–1 against the Columbus Crew in which Tyrone Marshal was ejected in the 92nd minute when he threw what the referee believed was a punch at Steven Lenhart in retaliation for an elbow. The Sounders accumulated another three yellow cards throughout the match.[55] Jaqua's goal received Goal of the Week honors.

text: On May 26, the Sounders qualified for the U.S. open Cup by defeating the Colorado Rapids 1–0 at Starfire.

text: June[edit]

text: Seattle started June with a 1–0 loss at Chivas. Their penalty woes continued as Jhon Kennedy Hurtado accumulated his fifth yellow card and Nate Jaqua received two yellow cards resulting in them both being suspended for the next game. After the first 12 games of the season, Sounders FC were in 5th place overall and were tied for the league lead with 5 red card ejections and 6 disciplinary suspensions.

text: On June 13, in a rematch with San Jose, Sounders FC began a stretch where 4 of their next 5 games would be played in front of their home crowd at Qwest Field. The match was the first to be counted for the supporter sponsored Heritage Cup. Ljungberg and Montero both scored as the Sounders prevailed with a 2–1 victory.

text: On June 10 Lamar Neagle was signed as a Senior Developmental player on the official roster.[56]

text: On June 17, the Sounders blew a 3–1 lead to tie against D.C. United by a score of 3–3. The match was the sixth draw in eight regular season matches.[57] They drew again with a goal a piece at New York the following week.

text: In week 23, the Sounders defeated the Rapids who had been undefeated in the previous eight games. Jaqua set up the first goal by Montero. Jaqua then scored twice off of assists from Montero to end the game 3–0.[58] Jaqua's performance earned Goal of the Week and Player of the Week.

text: July[edit]

text: On July 1, Sounders FC traveled to Portland and eliminated the Timbers of the USL in the third round of the U.S. Open Cup. The game was played in front of an emotionally charged sold out crowd.[59] Roger Levesque — a player Portland fans have had a particular dislike for – scored Seattle's first goal within the opening minute.[60] The following week, in a quarterfinal match, Sounders FC defeated visiting Kansas City on a penalty kick in the 89th minute by Sebastien Le Toux.[61]

text: It was announced in early July that the Sounders had signed left-footed Costa Rican defender Leonardo González to help at the left back position. The position had been a weak spot in Seattle's defense and filled by three separate players throughout the season.[62]

text: On July 11, the Sounders hosted the Houston Dynamo at Qwest Field. Brian Schmetzer filled in for Schmid who was at his son's wedding. Ianni scored his first goal of the season on bicycle kick that would earn him the MLS goal of the Week.[63] On the following Tuesday, the Sounders defeated the Dynamo at Strfire in the U.S. Open Cup semifinals. Houston led when Jaqua scored in the 89th minute. King scored a goal five minutes into extra time, thus sending the Sounders FC to the Open Cup finals against D.C. United.[64]

text: On July 18, 2009 the Seattle Sounders lost 0–2 in a friendly with Chelsea. All sections of the stadium were open and sold out with a crowd of 65,289 in attendance.[65] The game was the first with the team for Chelsea's new manager, Carlo Ancelotti, and their new forward Daniel Sturridge.[66]

text: Seattle finished July at home with a scoreless draw against Chicago. The Fire went a man down in the 54th minute but Ljungberg was ejected minutes later after protesting a yellow card for what the referee saw as diving in the penalty area.[67]

text: Keller and Ljungberg were named to the 2009 MLS All-Star Game by votes from fans. Ljungberg lead the MLS in total votes. Hurtado and Montero were later selected for the game held on July 29. Ljungberg missed the final shot in the loss which was decided by penalty kicks. He was later hospitalized due to another migraine.

text: August[edit]

text: On August 2, the Sounders were shut out 4–0 by last-place San Jose. Riley received a red card in the 39th minute while the Earthquakes scored three times in the second half.[68] Although Seattle had won the previous two matches, San Jose won the Heritage Cup by goal differential since the first game was not included in the supporter created competition.[69]

text: In the second international friendly of the season the Sounders lost against FC Barcelona 0–4 on August 5. The attendance set the state's record for a soccer match at 66,848. Thierry Henry compared the crowd to those in Europe and called the fans "amazing". Schmid expressed his hope that the fans were not disappointed by the loss and said "I hope they realize they got to watch a great team".[70]

text: On August 8, Sounders FC received their third straight shutout in regular season play in a 1–0 loss at Salt Lake. Schmidt called it "a silly loss".[71]

text: At Los Angeles on August 15, Seattle won for the first time on the road since April 4. Along with the Marshall, the match saw the Galaxy's Beckham and Lewis ejected in a two-goal shutout. Zakuani won Goal of the Week for his goal made after a run into the box and cross from Evans.[72]

text: Seattle lost at New England 1–0. Ljungberg did not travel with the team due to what would be diagnosed as hypoglycemia.[73]

text: September[edit]

text: When D.C. United won the US Soccer bidding process to host the tournament's final match,[74] Sounders FC general manager Adrian Hanauer expressed skepticism that D.C.'s bid to host the final had been better than the Seattle bid. He further noted that if Seattle had hosted the match, it likely would have sold out.[75] This prompted a pointed reply from D.C. United president Kevin Payne in which he argued that D.C. United had won the bidding process fairly and that he was offended by Hanauer's comments.[76] On the heels of this public disagreement, D.C. United launched a marketing campaign to sell more tickets to the match which included a web site heralding the club's history of titles as an original MLS franchise, WeWinTrophies.com; an open letter placed in local newspapers declaring that D.C. fans set the standard for support in the league and that Sounders FC and its fans did not think D.C. deserved to host; videos on the team's official blog from local celebrities urging fans to attend and ticket and concession specials for the game.[77] On September 2, 2009 the US Open Cup final was played in Washington D.C.'s RFK Stadium. Sounders FC prevailed 2–1 becoming the second MLS expansion team in league history (Chicago being the first) to win the Cup in their inaugural MLS season.[78]

text: October[edit]

text: This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2011)

text: Significance[edit]

text:
League attendance record[80]
Fan culture and demographics[81]
Economic impact[82]
Leiweke recognized for successful expansion launch in a recession[83]
State Senate resolution[84]

text: Match results[edit]

text: Win   Tie   Loss

text: Preseason[edit]

text:
February 9, 2009
Los Angeles Galaxy
1–3
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Carson, California USA

15:00 PST
Lewis  2'
Report
Montero  28' (pen.)
Levesque  84'
Nyassi  90'
Stadium: The Home Depot Center

text:
February 10, 2009
Shandong Luneng
0–2
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Ventura, California USA

16:00 PST

Report
Nyassi  56', 75'
Stadium: Ventura College

text:
February 11, 2009
Ventura County Fusion
1–6
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Ventura, California USA

19:00 PST
Aghasyan  13'
Report
Montero  7'
Zakuani  9', 21'
Jaqua  43', 44'
Levesque  83'
Stadium: Ventura College

text:
February 13, 2009
San Jose Earthquakes
3–2
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]San Luis Obispo, California USA

19:00 PST
Johnson  7', 22'
Amarikwa  46'
Report
Montero  11', 44'
Stadium: Alex G. Spanos Stadium

text:
February 20, 2009
Portland Pilots
1–4
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Portland, Oregon USA

19:00 PST
Emory  61'
Report
Jaqua  4'
Ianni  32'
Montero  70' (pen.)
Evans  75'
Stadium: Merlo Field

text:
February 22, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
4–0
 Vancouver Whitecaps
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

12:00 PST
Jaqua  37', 39'
Montero  66', 67'
Report

Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: None (closed to the public)

text:
February 27, 2009
Estudiantes de La Plata
1–3
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Buenos Aires, Argentina

11:00 UTC-2
Marshall  20' (o.g.)
Report
Jaqua  46'
Montero  54', 58'

text:
February 28, 2009
CED Rosario
1–1
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Buenos Aires, Argentina

16:00 UTC-2
CED No. 11  53' (pen.)
Report
Ferrerya  43'

text:
March 3, 2009
Tristán Suárez
0–5
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Buenos Aires, Argentina

10:30 UTC-2

Report
Fucito  25'
Montero  33'
Evans  38'
Scott  43'
Le Toux  89'

text:
March 5, 2009
River Plate
1–0
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Buenos Aires, Argentina

9:30 UTC-2
Lizio  89'
Report

text:
March 12, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–1
 Colorado Rapids
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:00 PDT

Report
Casey  38' (pen.)
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: None (closed to the public)

text: MLS regular season[edit]

text:
March 19, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
3–0
New York Red Bulls
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

18:00 PDT
Montero  12'  75'
Alonso  13'
Evans  25'
Hurtado  32'
Nyassi  67'
Report
Goldthwaite  21'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,523
Referee: Jair Marrufo

text:
March 28, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–0
Real Salt Lake
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Jaqua  17'
Alonso  21'
Montero  77'
Report
Beckerman  10'
Morales  22'
Olave  45'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 28,548
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

text:
April 4, 2009
Toronto FC
0–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Toronto, Ontario Canada

15:00 EDT
Brennan  44'
Cronin  51'
Report
Ljungberg  15'
Hurtado  29'
Zakuani  45'
Riley  61'
Scott  86'
Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 20,658
Referee: Mark Geiger

text:
April 11, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–1
Kansas City Wizards
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Evans  4'
Keller  29'
Report
Jewsbury  4'
Kraus  71'
Arnaud  80'
Hartman  91'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 28,746
Referee: Abiodun Okulaja

text:
April 18, 2009
Chivas USA
2–0
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Carson, California USA

19:30 PDT
Lillingston  20'
Riley  32' (o.g.)
Chijindu  84'
Trujillo  86'
Report
Scott  45'
Montero  47'
Stadium: The Home Depot Center
Attendance: 15,463
Referee: Alex Prus

text:
April 25, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–0
San Jose Earthquakes
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Alonso  30'
Zakuani  42'
Evans  50'
Report
Convey  4'
Garcia  41'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 28,838
Referee: Kevin Stott

text:
May 2, 2009
Chicago Fire
1–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Bridgeview, Illinois USA

19:30 CDT
Soumare  55'
Pappa  68'
Rolfe  95+'
Report
Marshall  1'  74'
Montero  48'
Riley  95+'
Stadium: Toyota Park
Attendance: 10,288
Referee: Jasen Anno

text:
May 10, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
1–1
Los Angeles Galaxy
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

12:00 PDT
Le Toux  22'
Evans  45'
Riley  57', 57'
Ljungberg  58'
Jaqua  80'
Report
Gordon  32'  35'
Magee  59'
Sanneh  61'
Miglioranzi  83'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 29,025
Referee: Tim Weyland

text:
May 16, 2009
FC Dallas
1–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Frisco, Texas USA

19:30 CDT
Rocha  20'  48+'
Saragosa  75'
Guarda  80'
Report
Hurtado  18'
Zakuani  48+'
Marshall  64'
Stadium: Pizza Hut Park
Attendance: 8,247
Referee: Terry Vaughn

text:
May 23, 2009
Colorado Rapids
2–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Commerce City, Colorado USA

19:30 MDT
Clark  26'
Casey  47'
Ihemelu  67'
Report
Montero  17'
Jaqua  28'  76'
Hurtado  57'
Vagenas  61'
Stadium: Dick's Sporting Goods Park
Attendance: 16,528
Referee: Hilario Grajeda

text:
May 30, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
1–1
Columbus Crew
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Vagenas  37'
Jaqua  58'
Hurtado  68'
Ljungberg  89'
Marshall  92+'
Report
Moreno  12'
Schelotto  73'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 29,126
Referee: Michael Kennedy

text:
June 6, 2009
Chivas USA
1–0
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Carson, California USA

19:30 PDT
Lillingston  26'  38'
Trujillo  90'
Report
Ianni  48'
Jaqua  54', 88'
Hurtado  81'
Stadium: The Home Depot Center
Attendance: 13,117
Referee: Kevin Stott

text:
June 13, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–1
San Jose Earthquakes
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Ljungberg  42'  94+'
Evans  43'
Montero  59'  74'
Report
Pitchkolan  16'
Corrales  34'
Ribeiro  50'
Huckerby  68'
Wondolowski  92+'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 28,999
Referee: Silviu Petrescu

text:
June 17, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
3–3
D.C. United
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Alonso  38'
Burch  45' (o.g.)
Montero  57'
Report
Pontius  34'
Gomez  63'
Jakovic  84'
Marshall  87' (o.g.)
Namoff  92+'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 29,104
Referee: Ricardo Salazar

text:
June 20, 2009
New York Red Bulls
1–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]East Rutherford, New Jersey USA

19:30 EDT
Kandji  11'
Goldthwaite  36'
Angel  40'
Report
Montero  48+'
Marshall  83'
Stadium: Giants Stadium
Attendance: 14,313
Referee: Paul Ward

text:
June 28, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
3–0
Colorado Rapids
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

13:00 PDT
Ljungberg  19'
Montero  23'
Jaqua  48'  68'
Evans  71'
Report
Ihemelu  17'
Mastroeni  29'
Palguta  41'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,526
Referee: Alex Prus

text:
July 11, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–1
Houston Dynamo
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

13:00 PDT
Montero  32'
Hurtado  43'
Ianni  46'
Vagenas  64'
Wahl  66'
Report
Davis  12'
Waibel  71'
Kamara  90'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,404
Referee: Mark Geiger

text:
July 25, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–0
Chicago Fire
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

12:00 PDT
Hurtado  28'
Ianni  57'
Ljungberg  59', 59'
Report
Segares  39'
Thorrington  40', 54'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,405
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

text:
August 2, 2009
San Jose Earthquakes
4–0
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Santa Clara, California USA

12:00 PDT
Alonso  2' (o.g.)
Hernandez  27'
Huckerby  37'  78'
Glen  54'
Wondolowski  84'  85'
Report
Ianni  22'
Riley  33'
Montero  35'
Stadium: Buck Shaw Stadium
Attendance: 9,919
Referee: Paul Ward

text:
August 8, 2009
Real Salt Lake
1–0
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Sandy, Utah USA

19:00 MDT
Mathis  11'
Findley  62'
Beckerman  65'
Report
Hurtado  76'
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 14,193
Referee: Kevin Stott

text:
August 15, 2009
Los Angeles Galaxy
0–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Carson, California USA

20:00 PDT
DeLaGarza  14'
Beckham  17'
Lewis  79'
Kirovski  94+'
Report
Zakuani  22'
Montero  54'  81'
Marshall  65', 76'
Stadium: The Home Depot Center
Attendance: 20,162
Referee: Ricardo Salazar

text:
August 20, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–1
New England Revolution
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Gonzalez  40'
Montero  54'
Nyassi  86'
Report
Joseph  21'
Ralston  43'
Jankauskas  47+'
Heaps  49+'
Reis  65'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,705
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

text:
August 23, 2009
Houston Dynamo
1–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Houston, Texas USA

19:30 CDT
Boswell  19'
Cameron  36'
Report
Levesque  13'
Jaqua  70'
Stadium: Robertson Stadium
Attendance: 17,063
Referee: Alex Prus

text:
August 29, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–0
Toronto FC
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

13:00 PDT
Ljungberg  73'
Report
Attakora  41'
Gomez  67'
De Rosario  67'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,679
Referee: Jorge Gonzalez

text:
September 12, 2009
D.C. United
1–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Washington, D.C. USA

19:30 EDT
Wallace  54'  57'
Quaranta  62'
John  93+'
Report
Zakuani  5'
Montero  84'
Stadium: RFK Memorial Stadium
Attendance: 19,592
Referee: Silviu Petrescu

text:
September 19, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–0
Chivas USA
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

12:00 PDT
Alonso  40'
Marshall  78'
Jaqua  86'
Report
Jazic  34'
Nagamura  43'
Saragosa  71'
Trujillo  76'
Santos  77'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,719
Referee: Terry Vaughn

text:
September 26, 2009
New England Revolution
2–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Foxborough, Massachusetts USA

19:30 EDT
Joseph  51' (pen.)  87'
Report
Montero  5'
Jaqua  92+'
Stadium: Gillette Stadium
Attendance: 15,961
Referee: Steven DePiero

text:
October 3, 2009
Columbus Crew
0–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Columbus, Ohio USA

19:30 EDT
Moreno  55'
O'Rourke  65'
Lenhart  95+'
Report
Levesque  36'
Marshall  84'
Stadium: Columbus Crew Stadium
Attendance: 14,372
Referee: Ricardo Salazar

text:
October 17, 2009
Kansas City Wizards
2–3
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Kansas City, Kansas USA

19:30 CDT
Hercegfalvi  51'
Wolff  53'
Report
Marshall  27'
Vagenas  45'
Levesque  69'
Jaqua  76'
Stadium: CommunityAmerica Ballpark
Attendance: 10,135
Referee: Mark Geiger

text:
October 24, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–1
FC Dallas
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Alonso  57'
Evans  60'  84'
Jaqua  61'
Report
Harris  14'  38'
Pearce  26'
Ihemelu  70'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 33,108
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

text: MLS playoffs[edit]

text:
October 29, 2009 Conf. Semifinals
Seattle Sounders FC
0–0
Houston Dynamo
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Montero  16'
Alonso  64'
Evans  68'
Report
Onstad  16'
Mullan  71'
Chabala  75'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 35,807
Referee: Ricardo Salazar

text:
November 8, 2009 Conf. Semifinals
Houston Dynamo
1 – 0 (a.e.t.)
(1–0 agg.)
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Houston, Texas USA

15:00 CST
Chabala  44'
Cameron  94+'
Ching  96'
Report
Marshall  24'
Riley  120'
Ljungberg  121'
Stadium: Robertson Stadium
Attendance: 27,465
Referee: Jorge Gonzalez

text: US Open Cup[edit]

text:
April 28, 2009 Qualification
Seattle Sounders FC
4–1
Real Salt Lake
[show]Tukwila, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Ianni  20'
Le Toux  25' (pen.)  55'
Nyassi  27'  71'
King  53'
Report
Johnson  32'
Olave  41'
Stadium: Starfire Sports Complex
Attendance: 3,890

text:
May 26, 2009 Qualification
Seattle Sounders FC
1–0
Colorado Rapids
[show]Tukwila, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Forrest  62'
Report
Harvey  78'
Stadium: Starfire Sports Complex
Attendance: 4,007
Referee: Tony Russo

text:
July 1, 2009 Third round
Portland Timbers (USL-1)
1–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Portland, Oregon USA

19:00 PDT
Hayes  26'
Mandjou  43'
McManus  61'
Report
Ianni  5'
Levesque  1'
King  26'
Nyassi  59'
Riley  93+'
Stadium: PGE Park
Attendance: 16,382
Referee: Yeder Reyes

text:
July 7, 2009 Quarterfinals
Seattle Sounders FC
1–0
Kansas City Wizards
[show]Tukwila, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Montero  79'
Le Toux  89' (pen.)
Report
Hirsig  76', 92+'
Stadium: Starfire Sports Complex
Attendance: 4,352
Referee: Abiodun Okulaja

text:
July 21, 2009 Semifinals
Seattle Sounders FC
2 – 1 (a.e.t.)
Houston Dynamo
[show]Tukwila, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Jaqua  62'
Hurtado  67', 110'
Marshall  80'
Jaqua  89'
King  95'
Report
James  30'
Boswell  30'
Akinbiyi  32'
Davis  43'
Mullan  70'
Chabala  90'
Stadium: Starfire Sports Complex
Attendance: 4,895
Referee: Edvin Jurisevic

text:
September 2, 2009 Final
D. C. United
1–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Washington, D.C. USA

19:30 EDT
Wicks  69'
Simms  89'
Report
Ianni  25'
Gonzalez  49'
Montero  67'
Vagenas  79'
Levesque  86'
Stadium: RFK Stadium
Attendance: 17,329
Referee: Alex Prus

text: Friendlies[edit]

text:
July 18, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–2
 Chelsea
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

Report
Sturridge  12'
Lampard  35'  91+'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 65,289
Referee: Carlos Vences

text:
August 5, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–4
 FC Barcelona
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

Fucito  83'
Report
Messi  21'  41'
Busquets  31'
Jeffrén  75'
Pedro  89'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 66,848
Referee: Mark Geiger

text: Competitions[edit]

text: Standings[edit]

text:
Western Conference

v
t
e

Pos
Club
Pts
GP
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD

1
Los Angeles Galaxy
48
30
12
6
12
36
31
+5

2
Houston Dynamo
48
30
13
8
9
39
29
+10

3
Seattle Sounders FC
47
30
12
7
11
38
29
+9

4
Chivas USA
45
30
13
11
6
34
31
+3

5
Real Salt Lake
40
30
11
12
7
43
35
+8

6
Colorado Rapids
40
30
10
10
10
42
38
+4

7
FC Dallas
39
30
11
13
6
50
47
+4

8
San Jose Earthquakes
30
30
7
14
9
36
50
−14

text:
2009 MLS Cup Playoffs

2009 MLS Cup Playoffs (Wild Card)

text:
Pos

Team

v
t
e

Pts
GP
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD

Qualification or relegation

1
Columbus Crew !Columbus Crew (SS) (E1)
49
30
13
7
10
41
31
+10
2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage 2

2
LA Galaxy !LA Galaxy (W1)
48
30
12
6
12
36
31
+5
2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Preliminary Round 2

3
Houston Dynamo !Houston Dynamo
48
30
13
8
9
39
29
+10
2010 North American SuperLiga 3

4
Seattle Sounders FC !Seattle Sounders FC
47
30
12
7
11
38
29
+9
2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Preliminary Round 2

5
Chicago Fire !Chicago Fire
45
30
11
7
12
39
34
+5
2010 North American SuperLiga 3

6
Chivas USA !Chivas USA
45
30
13
11
6
34
31
+3

7
New England Revolution !New England Revolution
42
30
11
10
9
33
37
−4

8
Real Salt Lake !Real Salt Lake
40
30
11
12
7
43
35
+8
2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage 2

9
Colorado Rapids !Colorado Rapids
40
30
10
10
10
42
38
+4

10
D.C. United !D.C. United
40
30
9
8
13
43
44
−1

11
FC Dallas !FC Dallas
39
30
11
13
6
50
47
+3

12
Toronto FC !Toronto FC
39
30
10
11
9
37
46
−9
2009–10 CONCACAF Champions League Preliminary Round 1

13
Kansas City Wizards !Kansas City Wizards
33
30
8
13
9
33
42
−9

14
San Jose Earthquakes !San Jose Earthquakes
30
30
7
14
9
36
50
−14

15
New York Red Bulls !New York Red Bulls
21
30
5
19
6
27
47
−20

text:
^Note 1 - Toronto FC cannot qualify for the U.S. Open Cup, as it is a Canadian-based team. If they qualify for an automatic berth into the U.S. Open Cup, the next highest placed team not already qualified will be given a berth. Similarly, they cannot qualify for the CONCACAF Champions League through MLS. Rather, they can qualify through the Canadian Soccer Championship. If they qualify for the Champions League through MLS, then the highest placed team not already qualified will qualify.
^Note 2 - The winner of the 2009 MLS Supporters' Shield (Columbus Crew) and the winner of MLS Cup 2009 (Real Salt Lake) qualified for the 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage. The runner-up of MLS Cup 2009 (Los Angeles Galaxy) and the winner of the 2009 U.S. Open Cup (Seattle Sounders) qualified for the 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Preliminary Round.
^Note 3 - SuperLiga 2010 berths are awarded to the top 4 finishing teams from MLS who do not qualify for Champions League (Houston, Chicago, Chivas USA and New England).

text: Summary[edit]

text:
Overall
Home
Away

Pld
Pts
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD

30
47
12
7
11
38
29
 +9
7
2
6
21
10
 +11
5
5
5
17
19
 −2

text:
Last updated: October 24, 2009
Source: MLSNet.com
Pld = Matches played; Pts = Points; W = Matches won; T = Matches tied; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal difference

text:
Round
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Ground
H
H
A
H
A
H
A
H
A
A
H
A
H
H
A
H
H
H
A
A
A
H
A
H
A
H
A
A
A
H

Result
W
W
W
L
L
W
T
T
T
T
T
L
W
T
T
W
W
T
L
L
W
L
T
T
W
T
L
W
W
W

Conference
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
4
2
3
4
3
3
3
5
4
4
3

Overall
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
5
4
4
3
2
3
4
6
4
5
6
5
5
5
6
5
5
4

text:
Last updated: October 25, 2009.
Source: MLS Results
Ground: A = Away; H = Home. Result: T = Tie; L = Loss; W = Win; P = Postponed.

text: Squad[edit]

text: Statistics are from all MLS matches. Ages are as of March 19, 2009 (the date of their season opener).

text: Source: MLSNet.com Sounders FC Stats. Last updated: October 4, 2009.

text:
Nat
No
Player
Age
Pos
Starts
Apps
G
A

Acquired

 USA
2
FucitoMike Fucito
19850420 (1985-03-29)March 29, 1985 (aged 23)
FW
0
0
0
0
0
0
SuperDraft

 USA
3
EvansBrad Evans
19850420 (1985-04-20)April 20, 1985 (aged 23)
MF
23
25
2
2
4
0
Expansion Draft

 USA
4
IanniPatrick Ianni
19850615 (1985-06-15)June 15, 1985 (aged 23)
DF
10
17
1
2
3
0
Trade

 USA
5
WahlTyson Wahl
19840223 (1984-02-23)February 23, 1984 (aged 25)
DF
9
11
0
0
1
0
Expansion Draft

 CUB
6
AlonsoOsvaldo Alonso
19851111 (1985-11-11)November 11, 1985 (aged 23)
MF
24
25
1
3
4
0
Signed

 USA
7
RileyJames Riley
19821027 (1982-10-27)October 27, 1982 (aged 26)
DF
26
26
0
4
3
2
Expansion Draft

 USA
8
VagenasPeter Vagenas
19780206 (1978-02-06)February 6, 1978 (aged 31)
MF
8
13
0
2
3
0
Expansion Draft

 FRA
9
Le TouxSébastien Le Toux
19840120 (1984-01-20)January 20, 1984 (aged 25)
FW
15
26
1
3
0
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 SWE
10
LjungbergFreddie Ljungberg
19770416 (1977-04-16)April 16, 1977 (aged 31)
MF
19
20
2
5
6
1
Signed Designated Player

 COD
11
ZakuaniSteve Zakuani
19880209 (1988-02-09)February 9, 1988 (aged 21)
FW
22
27
4
4
1
0
SuperDraft

 USA
12
SturgisNathan Sturgis
19870706 (1987-07-06)July 6, 1987 (aged 21)
DF
5
9
0
0
0
0
Expansion Draft

 JAM
14
MarshallTyrone Marshall
19741112 (1974-11-12)November 12, 1974 (aged 34)
DF
23
24
1
1
6
2
Trade

 USA
15
KingStephen King
19860306 (1986-03-06)March 6, 1986 (aged 23)
MF
3
10
0
0
0
0
Expansion Draft

 USA
16
BrownEvan Brown
19870501 (1987-05-01)May 1, 1987 (aged 21)
DF
0
0
0
0
0
0
SuperDraft

 COL
17
MonteroFredy Montero
19870726 (1987-07-26)July 26, 1987 (aged 21)
FW
25
25
12
6
5
1
Signed On Loan

 USA
18
KellerKasey Keller
19691129 (1969-11-29)November 29, 1969 (aged 39)
GK
27
27
0
0
0
1
Signed

 CRC
19
GonzálezLeonardo González
19801121 (1980-11-21)November 21, 1980 (aged 28)
DF
9
9
0
0
1
0
Signed

 USA
20
ScottZach Scott
19800702 (1980-07-02)July 2, 1980 (aged 28)
DF
6
9
0
0
2
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 USA
21
JaquaNate Jaqua
19811028 (1981-10-28)October 28, 1981 (aged 27)
FW
25
26
7
7
6
1
Expansion Draft

 GAM
23
NyassiSanna Nyassi
19890131 (1989-01-31)January 31, 1989 (aged 20)
MF
2
14
0
0
2
0
Signed

 USA
24
LevesqueRoger Levesque
19810122 (1981-01-22)January 22, 1981 (aged 28)
FW
2
12
1
0
1
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 Puerto Rico
26
GrahamTaylor Graham
19800603 (1980-06-03)June 3, 1980 (aged 28)
DF
0
0
0
0
0
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 COL
34
HurtadoJhon Kennedy Hurtado
19840516 (1984-05-16)May 16, 1984 (aged 24)
DF
24
25
1
1
8
0
Signed

33
40
56
8

text: Goalkeepers

text:
Nat
No
Player
Age
Starts
Apps
GA
GAA
CS
Acquired

 USA
1
EylanderChris Eylander
19840314 (1984-03-14) March 14, 1984 (age 33)
1
1
2
2
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 USA
18
KellerKasey Keller
19691129 (1969-11-29) November 29, 1969 (age 47)
27
27
23
0.87
10
Signed

 USA
22
DragavonBen Dragavon
19831231 (1983-12-31) December 31, 1983 (age 33)
0
1
1
1.53
0
MLS goalkeeper pool[85]

 PUR
28
BossTerry Boss
19840314 (1981-09-01) September 1, 1981 (age 36)
0
0
0
0
0
Signed

26
0.93
10

text: Transfers[edit]

text: In

text: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

text:
No.

Position
Player

19

FW
Kevin Forrest (from Colorado Rapids, Free[43])

27

MF
Lamar Neagle (Free[56])

No.

Position
Player

28

GK
Terry Boss (Free)

19

DF
Leonardo González (from Liberia Mia, Free[62])

text: Out

text:
No.

Position
Player

DF
Jeff Parke (to Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Free[23])

No.

Position
Player

19

FW
Kevin Forrest (Released on waivers)

13

FW
Jarrod Smith (Released on waivers)

text: Recognition[edit]

text:
Kasey Keller – GK – First XI
Freddie Ljungberg – MF – First XI
Jhon Kennedy Hurtado – DF – Coach's selection
Fredy Montero – FW – Coach's selection

text: US Open Cup

text:
Sebastian Le Toux – Player of the Round (Semifinals)[86]
Fredy Montero – Player of the Round (Final)[87]
Kasey Keller – Player of the Tournament[88]

text: MLS Player of the Week

text:
Fredy Montero – Week 1 – 2 G (12', 75') GWG, 1 A (25')
Kasey Keller – Week 2 – SHO, 5 SVS
Nate Jaqua – Week 15 – A (23') GWA, 2 G (48', 68')[permanent dead link]

text: MLS Player of the Month

text: Fredy Montero – March – 3 G, 1 A, Sounders 2–0–0 in March

text: MLS Goal of the Week

text:
Fredy Montero – Week 1 – 12'
Fredy Montero – Week 2 – 77'
Nate Jaqua – Week 11 – 58'
Nate Jaqua – Week 15 – 48'[permanent dead link]
Patrick Ianni – Week 17 – 46'
Steve Zakuani – Week 22 – 22'
Nate Jaqua – Week 23 – 70'

text: MLS Save of the Week

text:
Kasey Keller – Week 10 – 34'[permanent dead link]
Kasey Keller – Week 21 – 47'
Tyrone Marshall – Week 29 – 70'

text: Golden scarf recipients

text: Before each home game, Sounders FC honors a member of the community or special guest with a Golden Scarf.

text:
Date
Opponent
Recipient
Notes

March 19, 2009
New York Red Bulls
Don Garber[89]
MLS Commissioner

March 28, 2009
Real Salt Lake
Jimmy Gabriel[90]
NASL Sounders legend

April 11, 2009
Kansas City Wizards
Robbie Bach[91]
Microsoft executive

April 24, 2009
San Jose Earthquakes
Jimmy McAlister[92]
NASL Sounders legend

May 10, 2009
Los Angeles Galaxy
Meredith Teague
2009 NCAA Div II soccer National Player of the Year

May 31, 2009
Columbus Crew
Jim Mora[93]
Seahawks head coach

June 13, 2009
San Jose Earthquakes
Fred Mendoza[94]
Seattle Public Stadium Authority (Qwest Field) chairman

June 17, 2009
D.C. United
Sue Bird & Swin Cash[95]
WNBA Seattle Storm team

June 28, 2009
Colorado Rapids
Lorenzo Romar[96]
UW Men's Basketball coach

July 11, 2009
Houston Dynamo
Doug Andreassen
Washington Youth Soccer President

July 18, 2009
Chelsea
Dale Chihuly[97]
Glass artist, creator of the sculpture presented to friendly opponents

July 25, 2009
Chicago Fire
Mike Ryan[98]
First U.S. women's national soccer team coach

August 5, 2009
FC Barcelona
Bill Russell[99]
NBA Hall of Famer and Seattle resident

August 20, 2009
New England Revolution
John Nordstrom[100]
NASL Sounders co-founder

August 29, 2009
Toronto FC
Michelle Akers[101]
Former US Women's National Team striker

September 19, 2009
Chivas USA
Alan Hinton[102]
Former coach of NASL Sounders


document_title: List of early color feature films

question_text: when was the first film made in colour

question_tokens: when was the first film made in colour

root

text: List of early color feature films

text: Background[edit]

text: The earliest attempts to produce color films involved either tinting the film broadly with washes or baths of dyes, or painstakingly hand-painting certain areas of each frame of the film with transparent dyes. Stencil-based techniques such as Pathéchrome were a labor-saving alternative if many copies of a film had to be colored: each dye was rolled over the whole print using an appropriate stencil to restrict the dye to selected areas of each frame. The Handschiegl color process was a comparable technique. Because transparent dyes did not impact the clarity or detail of the image seen on the screen, the result could look rather naturalistic, but the choice of what colors to use and where was made by a person, so they could be very arbitrary and unlike the actual colors.

tag: p

text: Edward Raymond Turner's process, tested in 1902, was the first to capture full natural color on motion picture film, but it proved to be mechanically impractical. A simplified two-color version, introduced as Kinemacolor in 1908, was marginally successful for a few years, but the special projector it required and its inherent major technical defects contributed to its demise in 1914. Technicolor, originally also a two-color process capable of only a limited range of hues, was commercialized in 1922 and soon became the most widely used of the several two-color processes available in the 1920s.

text: Beginning in 1932, Technicolor introduced a new full-color process, "Process 4", now commonly called "three-strip Technicolor" because the special camera used for live-action filming yielded separate black-and-white negatives for each of the three primary colors. The final print, however, was a single full-color strip of film that did not need any special handling. This became the standard process used by the major Hollywood studios until the mid-1950s.

text: List of films[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Country
Color process
Length
Production company

1903
La Vie et la passion de Jésus Christ
 France
Pathéchrome

Pathé Frères

Extant. Also known as The Passion Play and Vie et Passion du Christ. Not released as a single feature, but as 32 individual shorts in three different groupings and shot at different times. Some scenes are partially hand coloured (e.g. 52 min. copy on Youtube). The later scenes feature different actors and costumes from the earlier scenes.[1] On DVD.

1912.1 !1912
With Our King and Queen Through India
 United Kingdom
Kinemacolor

Natural Color Kinematograph Company

First feature-length documentary capturing natural color rather than colorization techniques. The original footage ran for 2½ hours (16,000 ft.), presented in two different programmes. The main film of the Delhi Durbar itself was shot on 12 December 1911. The rest of the film was made in other locations in India up to 30 December 1911, of which only a ten-minute extract still exists. Released in UK on 2 February 1912.[2]

1912.2 !1912
Miracle !The Miracle
 United Kingdom
Pathéchrome

Joseph Menchen (personal project)

First stencil-colored feature-length narrative film. Filmed in Austria in October 1912; hand-colored in Paris by seventy people;[3] UK release on 21 December 1912. Original UK length 7,000 feet;[3] censored versions showed at 5,000 and 5,500 feet. Designed to be accompanied by score for full symphony orchestra and chorus by Engelbert Humperdinck. A B&W print of a cut version is extant, held at the CNC Archives, France. Available on Youtube and final scene only, with extracts of the original music.

1914.1 !1914
World !The World, the Flesh and the Devil
 United Kingdom
Kinemacolor

Natural Color Kinematograph Company

First feature-length narrative film in natural color. Lost.

1914.2 !1914
Little Lord Fauntleroy
 United Kingdom
Kinemacolor

Natural Color Kinematograph Company

Status Unknown.

1915
Britain Prepared
 United Kingdom
Kinemacolor inserts

Jury's Imperial Pictures

First British propaganda film. Extant.

1916
Joan the Woman
 United States
Handschiegl Color Process inserts

Famous Players-Lasky

Survives complete with color sequences. Directed by Cecil B. DeMille. (Color was billed as the "DeMille-Wyckoff Process")

1917.1 !1917
Gulf !The Gulf Between
 United States
Technicolor feature

Technicolor Corporation

First American film shot in color. Lost film. Only a few frames from test prints, showing star Grace Darmond, have survived.

1917.2 !1917
Devil !The Devil-Stone
 United States
Handschiegl Color Process inserts

Famous Players-Lasky

Directed by Cecil B. DeMille. Only two reels survive in AFI collection at Library of Congress.

1918.1 !1918
Cupid Angling
 United States
Douglass Natural Color feature

Douglass Natural Color Film Inc.

Lost film. Only feature film made in this process.

1918.2 !1918
Our Navy
 United States
Prizma feature

Prizma

First feature film shot in Prizmacolor.

1920.1 !1920
Treasure Island
 United States
Hand coloring (Handschiegl?)

Paramount Pictures

Lost film.

1920.2 !1920
Roman Candles
 United States
Handschiegl Color Process inserts

Cineart

Lost film.

1921.1 !1921
Bali the Unknown
 United States
Prizma feature

Prizma Inc.

Five-reel documentary opened 27 February 1921 at Capitol Theatre in NYC. On DVD.

1921.2 !1921
Three !The Three Musketeers
 United States
Handschiegl Color Process inserts

United Artists

Film survives in black-and-white only.

1922.1 !1922
Toll !The Toll of the Sea
 United States
Technicolor feature
3190 ft.
Technicolor / Metro Pictures

The first natural-color feature film made in Hollywood. The final two reels are apparently lost. Available on DVD.

1922.2 !1922
bli !A Blind Bargain
 United States
Handschiegl Color Process inserts
188 ft.
Goldwyn Pictures

Lost film.

1922.3 !1922
Glorious !The Glorious Adventure
 United States/
 United Kingdom
Prizma feature

United Artists

Directed by J. Stuart Blackton. Extant at the British Film Institute. On DVD.

1922.4 !1922
Flames of Passion
 United Kingdom
Prizma insert

Astra Film

Directed by Graham Cutts. Lost film.

1922.5 !1922
Foolish Wives
 United States
Hand coloring inserts

Universal Pictures

Hand coloring by Gustav Brock.

1923.1 !1923
Red Lights
 United States
Handschiegl Color inserts

Goldwyn Pictures

Extant in black-and-white only.

1923.2 !1923
Ten !The Ten Commandments
 United States
Technicolor inserts, Handschiegl Color inserts

Paramount Pictures

Survives complete. Is on DVD.

1923.3 !1923
Vanity Fair
 United States
Prizma insert

Goldwyn Pictures

Directed by Hugo Ballin. Lost film.

1923.4 !1923
Virgin !The Virgin Queen
 United Kingdom
Prizma insert

J. Stuart Blackton Productions

Directed by J. Stuart Blackton. Status unknown.

1923.5 !1923
I Pagliacci
 United Kingdom
Prizma insert

Napoleon Films

Starring Lillian Hall-Davis. Status unknown.

1924.1 !1924
Uninvited !The Uninvited Guest
 United States
Technicolor insert

Metro Pictures

Preservation status unknown.

1924.2 !1924
Cytherea
 United States
Technicolor inserts
230 ft.
Technicolor / Goldwyn Pictures

Lost film. First Technicolor film shot under artificial light.

1924.3 !1924
Wanderer of the Wasteland
 United States
Technicolor feature
3854 ft.
Paramount

First western in color. Lost film.

1924.4 !1924
Venus of the South Seas
 United States
Prizma Insert

Lee-Bradford Corp.

Extant. Restored by the Library of Congress in 2004. Final reel is in Prizma.

1924.5 !1924
Heritage of the Desert
 United States
Technicolor inserts
34 ft.
Paramount

Starring Bebe Daniels. Unknown status.

1924.6 !1924
Greed
 United States
Handschiegl Color Process inserts

Metro-Goldwyn Pictures

Short version of film extant, coloring lost (a few specimen frames may survive). On DVD.

1924.7 !1924
Dancemood !The Dance of the Moods
 United Kingdom
Friese-Greene Natural Color (formerly Biocolour)

Friese-Greene Productions

Unknown if a feature or short film.

1924.8 !1924
Moonbeam Magic
 United Kingdom
Friese-Greene Natural Color (formerly Biocolour)

Spectrum Films

Produced by Claude Friese-Greene. Status unknown, possibly at BFI.

1925.01 !1925
Ben-Hur
 United States
Technicolor inserts
1029 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant. On DVD.

1925.01 !1925
Cyrano de Bergerac
 Italy/
 France
Pathéchrome feature
9501 ft.
Unione Cinematografica Italiana

Starring Pierre Magnier. Extant.

1925.03 !1925
Phantom !The Phantom of the Opera
 United States
Technicolor inserts, Kelley Color /Handschiegl Color
497 ft.
Universal Pictures

One color segment survives. On DVD.

1925.04 !1925
Merry !The Merry Widow
 United States
Technicolor insert
136 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Film survives, but two-minute color sequence is lost.

1925.05 !1925
Stage Struck
 United States
Technicolor inserts

Paramount

Extant with color sequences. Restored by George Eastman House. Starring Gloria Swanson.

1925.06 !1925
Pretty Ladies
 United States
Technicolor insert
597 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant only in black-and-white.

1925.07 !1925
His Supreme Moment
 United States
Technicolor inserts
517 ft.
First National Pictures

Lost film.

1925.08 !1925
Big !The Big Parade
 United States
Applied color by Technicolor
154 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Feature and color exists. On DVD.

1925.09 !1925
So This Is Marriage?
 United States
Technicolor insert
729 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Lost film.

1925.1 !1925
Splendid !The Splendid Road
 United States
Handschiegl Color inserts

First National Pictures

Status unknown.

1925.11 !1925
Seven Chances
 United States
Technicolor insert
275 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant with color. On DVD.

1925.12 !1925
Kingmain !The King on Main Street
 United States
Technicolor inserts
105 ft.
Famous Players-Lasky

Survives complete.

1925.13 !1925
Lights of Old Broadway
 United States
Technicolor inserts, Handschiegl Color Process inserts

Cosmopolitan Productions

Extant in Library of Congress.

1926.01 !1926
Fig Leaves
 United States
Technicolor insert
969 ft.
Fox Film Corporation

Extant only in black-and-white.

1926.02 !1926
Beverly of Graustark
 United States
Technicolor insert
354 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant.

1926.03 !1926
Open !The Open Road
 United Kingdom
Friese-Greene Natural Color (formerly Biocolour)

Friese-Greene Productions

Series of documentary films shot between 1924 and 1926. A print was restored and shown on the BBC in 2006. On DVD.

1926.04 !1926
Last !Gli ultimi giorni di Pompeii
 Italy
Pathéchrome feature
12083 ft.
Società Italiana Grandi Films

Extant. US Title: The Last Days of Pompeii On DVD.

1926.05 !1926
Irene
 United States
Technicolor inserts
972 ft.
First National Pictures

Survives complete with color sequences.

1926.06 !1926
Beau Geste
 United States
Technicolor inserts

Paramount Pictures

Extant.

1926.07 !1926
Flaming !The Flaming Forest
 United States
Technicolor inserts
203 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant at Library of Congress.

1926.08 !1926
American !The American Venus
 United States
Technicolor insert
1574 ft.
Paramount

Lost film. Two trailers, and brief clip of color insert, survive at the Library Of Congress.

1926.09 !1926
Volcano
 United States
Handschiegl Color inserts

Paramount Pictures

Extant at Library of Congress. Preserved by UCLA and Television and The Museum of Modernr Art.

1926.1 !1926
Mike
 United States
Handschiegl Color inserts

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant at Library Of Congress. Complete print of 70 minutes found at Library Of Congress in December 2015.

1926.11 !1926
Black !The Black Pirate
 United States
Technicolor feature
8124 ft.
United Artists

Original Technicolor Process 2 print survives at the BFI. Commonly seen version was created from surviving negatives. Outtakes survive in black-and-white. On DVD.

1926.12 !1926
Fire !The Fire Brigade
 United States
Technicolor inserts, Handschiegl Color inserts
692 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Film extant, but color may be lost.

1926.13 !1926
Joy !The Joy Girl
 United States
Technicolor insert
285 ft.
Fox

A copy may survive in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.

1926.14 !1926
Flames
 United States
Handschiegl Color inserts

Associated Exhibitors

One reel exists in the Library of Congress.

1926.15 !1926
Girl !The Girl from Montmartre
 United States
Handschiegl Color inserts

First National Pictures

Preserved by Warner Bros. from original negative and nitrate handschiegl print.

1927.1 !1927
Kingking !The King of Kings
 United States
Technicolor inserts

DeMille Productions / Pathé Exchange

Survives complete. Is on DVD.

1927.2 !1927
Winners of the Wilderness
 United States
Technicolor insert

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

16mm print extant. Starring Joan Crawford. On DVD.

1927.3 !1927
Annie Laurie
 United States
Technicolor insert
204 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant with color at the Library of Congress.

1927.4 !1927
Wizard !The Wizard
 United States
Hand coloring

Fox

Lost film.

1927.5 !1927
Napoléon
 France
Keller-Dorian process sequences

Abel Gance / Gaumont

Extant. Keller-Dorian process proved to be impractical.

1927.6 !1927
La revue des revues
 France
Pathéchrome inserts

Extant.

1928.1 !1928
La Femme et le pantin
 France
Keller-Dorian process

Extant. Directed by Jacques de Baroncelli

1928.2 !1928
None but the Brave
 United States
Technicolor insert
549 ft.
Fox

Unknown

1928.3 !1928
Wedding !The Wedding March
 United States
Technicolor insert, hand coloring.
294 ft.
Paramount

Extant. Directed by Erich von Stroheim

1928.4 !1928
Red Hair
 United States
Technicolor insert
57 ft.
Paramount

Lost film. Color tests survive at UCLA Film and Television Archive.

1928.5 !1928
Casanova
 Germany
Pathéchrome insert

Ciné-Alliance / Pathé

Extant. Based on operetta by Ralph Benatzky.

1928.6 !1928
Viking !The Viking
 United States
Technicolor feature
8398 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant. The first Technicolor feature with sound (synchronized music score and sound effects only, no dialog or "live" sound). On DVD.

1928.7 !1928
Water !The Water Hole
 United States
Technicolor inserts
332 ft.
Paramount

Status unknown.

1928.8 !1928
Court-Martial
 United States
Technicolor insert
473 ft.
Columbia Pictures

Status unknown.

1929.01 !1929
Redskin
 United States
Mostly Technicolor with sepia-toned sequences
4463 ft.
Paramount

Synchronized music score and sound effects but no dialog or "live" sound. Survives complete. On DVD.

1929.02 !1929
On With the Show
 United States
Technicolor
9592 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant in black-and-white. 20-second color clip exists in private collection. The first all-talking color feature. On DVD.

1929.03 !1929
Harmony Heaven
 United Kingdom
Pathéchrome sequences

British International Pictures

Extant at British Film Institute

1929.04 !1929
rom !A Romance of Seville
 United Kingdom
Pathéchrome feature

British International Pictures

Sound version released July 1930. First British sound film released in color, using the Pathéchrome stencil-coloring process. On DVD.

1929.05 !1929
Devil-May-Care
 United States
Technicolor insert

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Prints survive.

1929.06 !1929
Show !The Show of Shows
 United States
Technicolor feature
9987 ft.
Warner Bros.

Only survives in black-and-white except "Chinese Fantasy" number with Myrna Loy and Nick Lucas and part or all of "Meet My Sister" number. On DVD with latter number in black-and-white (color footage only recently discovered).

1929.07 !1929
Pointed Heels
 United States
Technicolor inserts
270 ft.
Paramount

Extant complete at UCLA. Broadcast master is in black-and-white.

1929.08 !1929
Paris
 United States
Technicolor inserts
3645 ft.
Warner Bros.

Picture lost. Soundtrack extant.

1929.09 !1929
Gold Diggers of Broadway
 United States
Technicolor feature
9122 ft.
Warner Bros.

Two incomplete reels and some short fragments extant. Complete disc soundtrack extant. Surviving reels on DVD.

1929.1 !1929
Sally
 United States
Technicolor feature
9280 ft.
First National-Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white. Two-minute color sequence also extant. On DVD.

1929.11 !1929
Glorifying the American Girl
 United States
Technicolor insert
897 ft.
Paramount

Extant complete at UCLA. On DVD.

1929.12 !1929
Broadway !The Broadway Melody
 United States
Technicolor insert
307 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant in black-and-white only. On DVD.

1929.13 !1929
Desert !The Desert Song
 United States
Technicolor insert
306 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant in black-and-white only.

1929.14 !1929
Sunny Side Up
 United States
Multicolor inserts

Fox

Extant in black-and-white only.

1929.15 !1929
Hollywood !The Hollywood Revue of 1929
 United States
Technicolor inserts
1360 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant

1929.16 !1929
Broadway
 United States
Technicolor insert
198 ft.
Universal

Survives in a talking version and a silent version made for theaters without sound equipment. The talking version is missing the final reel, the color sequence, which does survive in the silent version.

1929.17 !1929
Married in Hollywood
 United States
Multicolor insert

Fox

Only final reel in Multicolor survives at UCLA Film and Television Archive.

1929.18 !1929
Red Hot Rhythm
 United States
Multicolor insert

Pathé Exchange

Only one number in color, the title song, survives.

1929.19 !1929
This Thing Called Love
 United States
Multicolor insert

Pathé Exchange

Lost film except for color sequence.

1929.2 !1929
Dancelif !The Dance of Life
 United States
Technicolor insert
779 ft.
Paramount

Survives in black and White. Part of the Technicolor sequence survives at the Library of Congress.

1929.21 !1929
Footlights and Fools
 United States
Technicolor inserts
1183 ft.
First National-Warner Bros.

Lost film.

1929.22 !1929
His First Command
 United States
Multicolor inserts

Pathé Exchange

Extant in black-and-white. Status of Multicolor sequences unknown.

1929.23 !1929
It's a Great Life
 United States
Technicolor inserts
1391 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant. On DVD from Warner Archive Collection.

1929.24 !1929
Mysterious !The Mysterious Island
 United States
Technicolor feature
8569 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant at UCLA. Complete Technicolor print was discovered in Prague, December 2013 and premiered at the 33rd Pordenone Silent Film Festival in October 2014. On DVD.[4]

1929.25 !1929
Rio Rita
 United States
Technicolor insert
2680 ft.
RKO Radio Pictures

Survives in a cut re-release copy with all color sequences. On DVD.

1929.26 !1929
wil !William Fox Movietone Follies of 1929
 United States
Multicolor inserts

Fox

Lost film.

1929.27 !1929
Great !The Great Gabbo
 United States
Multicolor inserts

Sono Art-World Wide Pictures

Survives in black-and-white except for missing color musical number "The Ga-Ga Bird". On DVD.

1929.28 !1929
Smiling Irish Eyes
 United States
Technicolor inserts

First National Pictures

Lost film. Soundtrack discs survive at UCLA.

1930.01 !1930
Rogue !The Rogue Song
 United States
Technicolor feature
9565 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Lost film. Complete soundtrack extant on discs. Trailer and fragments preserved at UCLA.

1930.02 !1930
Life !The Life of the Party
 United States
Technicolor feature
7202 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white.

1930.03 !1930
Hold Everything
 United States
Technicolor feature
7280 ft.
Warner Bros.

Lost film. Soundtrack extant.

1930.04 !1930
Vagabond !The Vagabond King
 United States
Technicolor feature
9413 ft.
Paramount

Only complete copy restored by UCLA

1930.05 !1930
Just for a Song
 United Kingdom
Pathécolor sequences

Gainsborough Pictures

Lost film

1930.06 !1930
Alf's Button
 United Kingdom
Pathécolor sequences

British Gaumont

Lost film

1930.07 !1930
Paramount on Parade
 United States
Technicolor inserts
2517 ft.
Paramount

Plotless all-star revue. Most survives, but one black-and-white and one color sequence are missing, the color finale with Maurice Chevalier survives only in black-and-white, and the sound for two of the color sequences is missing. Restored by UCLA Film and Television Archive

1930.08 !1930
Under a Texas Moon
 United States
Technicolor feature
7501 ft.
Warner Bros.

First all-talking western shot entirely in color. Survives in a complete color copy.

1930.09 !1930
Whoopee!
 United States
Technicolor feature
8681 ft.
United Artists

Survives in at least one complete color copy.

1930.1 !1930
School !The School for Scandal
 United Kingdom
Raycolor feature

Albion Films

Only feature film photographed in this process. Lost film.

1930.11 !1930
Elstree Calling
 United Kingdom
Pathéchrome Inserts

British International Pictures

Extant at the British Film Institute. Co-directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

1930.12 !1930
Hell's Angels
 United States
Multicolor insert
866 ft.
United Artists

Color sequence and film survive complete. Scene filmed in Multicolor, printed by Technicolor

1930.13 !1930
Knowing Men
 United Kingdom
Talkicolor feature

United Artists Corporation

Second British sound feature in color. Lost film.

1930.14 !1930
King of Jazz
 United States
Technicolor feature
9320 ft.
Universal

Extant.

1930.15 !1930
Chasing Rainbows
 United States
Technicolor insert
1249 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Black-and-white parts survive, color sequences are completely lost.

1930.16 !1930
They Learned About Women
 United States
Technicolor insert

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Survives in black and white only.

1930.17 !1930
Good News
 United States
Multicolor insert

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Color was used for the finale, which is now completely lost. The rest survives.

1930.18 !1930
Show Girl in Hollywood
 United States
Technicolor insert
832 ft.
First National-Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white.

1930.19 !1930
Kismet
 United States
N/A

First National-Warner Bros.

Lost film.

1930.2 !1930
Bride of the Regiment
 United States
Technicolor feature
7418 ft.
First National-Warner Bros.

Picture lost. Soundtrack extant.

1930.21 !1930
Puttin' on the Ritz
 United States
Technicolor Insert
953 ft.
United Artists

Extant only in black-and-white.

1930.22 !1930
Mammy
 United States
Technicolor Inserts
1497 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant. The first Al Jolson film with color.

1930.23 !1930
Call of the Flesh
 United States
Technicolor insert
721 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant only in black-and-white.

1930.24 !1930
Bright Lights
 United States
Technicolor feature
6416 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white.

1930.25 !1930
Children of Pleasure
 United States
Technicolor insert
~700 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Survives complete in black-and-white. Color sequences extant in sections.

1930.26 !1930
General Crack
 United States
Technicolor insert
532 ft.
Warner Bros.

Survives in a silent copy with no color sequences made for theaters without sound equipment.

1930.27 !1930
Melody Man
 United States
Technicolor insert
826 ft.
Columbia Pictures

Extant only in black-and-white.

1930.28 !1930
Follow Thru
 United States
Technicolor feature
8383 ft.
Paramount

Extant.

1930.29 !1930
March !The March of Time
 United States
Technicolor inserts

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Production never completed. Several musical sequences extant.

1930.3 !1930
New Movietone Follies of 1930
 United States
Multicolor inserts

Fox

Extant. Only copy at UCLA.

1930.31 !1930
Florodora !The Florodora Girl
 United States
Technicolor insert
608 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant.

1930.32 !1930
Mamba
 United States
Technicolor feature
6998 ft.
Tiffany Pictures

Extant complete. First all-color all-talking feature which was not a musical. On DVD.

1930.33 !1930
Sweet Kitty Bellairs
 United States
Technicolor feature
5846 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white. On DVD.

1930.34 !1930
Son of the Gods
 United States
Technicolor insert
442 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white.

1930.35 !1930
Song of the Flame
 United States
Technicolor feature
6501 ft.
Warner Bros.

Lost film. Soundtrack extant.

1930.36 !1930
Song of the West
 United States
Technicolor feature
7189 ft.
Warner Bros.

Lost film. Vitaphone discs extant.

1930.37 !1930
Viennese Nights
 United States
Technicolor feature
9191 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant, preserved at UCLA.

1930.38 !1930
Golden Dawn
 United States
Technicolor feature
7546 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant in black-and-white only. Color fragment found circa 2015.

1930.39 !1930
Peacock Alley
 United States
Technicolor insert
651 ft.
Tiffany

Extant; color sequence is at the Library of Congress.

1930.4 !1930
No, No, Nanette
 United States
Technicolor Sequences
3895 ft.
First National-Warner Bros.

Lost film.

1930.41 !1930
Lottery !The Lottery Bride
 United States
Technicolor insert
358 ft.
United Artists

Color sequence survives at the George Eastman House. On DVD.

1930.42 !1930
Lord Byron of Broadway
 United States
Technicolor insert
878 ft.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Extant.

1930.43 !1930
Leathernecking
 United States
Technicolor insert
1474 ft.
RKO

Lost film.

1930.44 !1930
Hit the Deck
 United States
Technicolor insert
3772 ft.
RKO

Lost film.

1930.45 !1930
Dixiana
 United States
Technicolor insert
2006 ft.
RKO

Extant.

1930.46 !1930
cuc !The Cuckoos
 United States
Technicolor insert
833 ft.
RKO

Extant.

1931.01 !1931
Delicious
 United States
Multicolor inserts

Fox

Extant only in black-and-white.

1931.02 !1931
Woman Hungry
 United States
Technicolor feature
6119 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant. On DVD.

1931.03 !1931
Manhattan Parade
 United States
Technicolor feature
6692 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white. On DVD.

1931.04 !1931
Fifty Million Frenchmen
 United States
Technicolor feature
6480 ft.
Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white. On DVD.

1931.05 !1931
Kiss Me Again
 United States
Technicolor feature

Warner Bros.

Extant only in black-and-white. On DVD.

1931.06 !1931
Hawk !The Hawk
 United States
Multicolor feature

Romantic Productions

Shot as the first feature entirely in Multicolor, it had a very limited release. Five years later using the new process Cinecolor it was re-edited and re-recorded as "Phantom of Santa Fe". On DVD.

1931.07 !1931
Runaround !The Runaround
 United States
Technicolor feature
5714 ft.
RKO

Extant only in black-and-white, except for color first reel at Museum of Modern Art. On DVD.

1931.08 !1931
Fanny Foley Herself
 United States
Technicolor feature
6699 ft.
RKO

Lost film. Technicolor trailer extant at George Eastman House.

1932.09 !1932
Tex Takes a Holiday
 United States
Multicolor feature

Argosy Productions Corporation

Final feature-length film shot entirely in Multicolor. Extant. On DVD.

1932.1 !1932
Doctor X
 United States
Technicolor feature
7048 ft
Warner Bros.

Extant. On DVD.

1932.11 !1932
Girl !The Girl from Calgary
 United States
Magnacolor insert

Chardwick Productions

First reel was shot in color. Extant, status of color sequence is unknown.

1932.12 !1932
Death !The Death Kiss
 United States
Hand-colored inserts

Sono Art-World Wide Pictures

Extant. Hand color by Gustav Brock.

1933.1 !1933
Mystery of the Wax Museum
 United States
Technicolor feature
7184 ft
Warner Bros.

Extant. On DVD.

1933.2 !1933
Sairandhri
 India
UFacolor feature

Prabhat Film Company

First color film shot in India, but processed and printed in Germany. Extant. On DVD.

1934.1 !1934
Radio Parade of 1935
 United Kingdom
Dufaycolor inserts

British International Pictures

Two sequences were filmed in Dufaycolor. Extant.

1934.2 !1934
Adventure Girl
 United States
Hand-colored inserts

Van Beuren Studios

Extant. Hand color by Gustav Brock.

1934.3 !1934
Sweden, Land of the Vikings
 United States
Cinecolor feature

First feature-length film in Cinecolor. On DVD.

1934.4 !1934
Cat !The Cat and the Fiddle
 United States
Technicolor, Process 4 insert

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Black-and-white with final reel in color. First use of three-strip Technicolor in a feature-length film. On DVD.

1934.5 !1934
House !The House of Rothschild
 United States
Technicolor, Process 4 insert

20th Century Pictures / United Artist

Black-and-white with final sequence in color.

1934.6 !1934
Hollywood Party
 United States
Technicolor, Process 4 insert

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Black-and-white with animated cartoon sequence in color.

1934.7 !1934
Kid Millions
 United States
Technicolor, Process 4 insert

Samuel Goldwyn / United Artists

Black-and-white with "Ice Cream Factory" musical finale in color.

1935.1 !1935
Karnaval cvetov
 Soviet Union
Russian two-color process feature

Mezhrabpomfilm

First Russian color film. Extant complete. On DVD.

1935.2 !1935
Jeunies filles à marier
 France
Franciacolor feature

Paris Color Films

First French feature in natural color. Extant. On DVD.

1935.3 !1935
Legong: Dance of the Virgins
 United States
Technicolor Process 3 (two-color) feature
5054 ft
DuWorld Pictures (US) / Paramount (intl)

Produced by Constance Bennett and Henri de la Falaise. Feature-length documentary filmed entirely in two-color Technicolor, one of the last uses of the older process. Restored in 1999 by UCLA Film and Television Archive. On DVD.

1935.4 !1935
Little !The Little Colonel
 United States
Technicolor, Process 4 insert

Fox

Black-and-white with one Technicolor sequence

1935.5 !1935
Becky Sharp
 United States
Technicolor, Process 4 feature

Pioneer Pictures / RKO

First feature-length film entirely in three-strip Technicolor. On DVD.

1936.01 !1936
Kliou the Killer
 United States
Technicolor, Process 3 (two-color) feature
4917 ft
Bennett Pictures / DuWorld Pictures (US)

Final two-color Technicolor feature. Extant only in black and white. On DVD.

1936.02 !1936
Trail !The Trail of the Lonesome Pine
 United States
Technicolor, Process 4 feature

Walter Wanger Productions / Paramount Pictures

First three-strip Technicolor feature filmed outdoors by natural light.

1936.03 !1936
We're in the Legion Now!
 United States
Magnacolor feature

George A. Hirliman Productions

Also known as The Rest Cure. Extant. On DVD.

1936.04 !1936
Phantom of Santa Fe
 United States
Cinecolor feature

Burroughs-Tarzan Enterprises

Filmed in Multicolor five years earlier as "The Hawk", re-edited version released in Cinecolor as "Phantom of Santa Fe". Extant. On DVD.

1936.05 !1936
Dying !La terre qui meurt
 France
Franciacolor feature

Paris Color Films

Also known as "The Land That Dies". Restored in 1992. On DVD.

1936.06 !1936
Pagliacci
 Italy/
 United Kingdom
UFAcolor inserts

Trafalgar Film Productions

Extant with color. On DVD.

1936.07 !1936
Nightingale !Grunya Kornakova
 Soviet Union
Russian two-color Process feature

Mezhrabpomfilm

First Russian feature-length narrative film in color. Extant.

1936.08 !1936
Bajo el sol de Loret
 Peru
Unknown color process feature

Also known as "Under Loreto's Sun". First Peruvian color feature film. Extant.

1936.09 !1936
Devil !The Devil on Horseback
 United States
Hirlicolor feature

George A. Hirliman Productions

Long presumed lost until found in private collection in the 1980s. Complete in UCLA Film and Television Archive. On DVD.

1936.1 !1936
Bold !The Bold Caballero
 United States
Magnacolor feature

Republic Pictures

First "Zorro" film shot in color. Extant complete. On DVD.

1936.11 !1936
Captain Calamity
 United States
Hirlicolor feature

George A. Hirliman Productions

Extant complete. Released on DVD.

1937
Kisan Kanya
 India
Cinecolor feature

Imperial Pictures

First Hindi color film made entirely in India. Extant. On DVD.

tag: table


document_title: Subset

question_text: what is the symbol of subset in math

question_tokens: what is the symbol of subset in math

text: Subset

text: Definitions[edit]

text: If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, then:

text:
A is a subset of B, denoted by

A
⊆
B
,

{\displaystyle A\subseteq B,}

tag: ul

text:
B is a superset of A, denoted by

B
⊇
A
.

{\displaystyle B\supseteq A.}

text: If A is a subset of B, but A is not equal to B (i.e. there exists at least one element of B which is not an element of A), then

text:
A is also a proper (or strict) subset of B; this is written as

A
⊊
B
.

{\displaystyle A\subsetneq B.}

text:
B is a proper superset of A; this is written as

B
⊋
A
.

{\displaystyle B\supsetneq A.}

text:
For any set S, the inclusion relation ⊆ is a partial order on the set

P

(
S
)

{\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}(S)}

 of all subsets of S (the power set of S) defined by

A
≤
B

⟺

A
⊆
B

{\displaystyle A\leq B\iff A\subseteq B}

. We may also partially order

P

(
S
)

{\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}(S)}

 by reverse set inclusion by defining

A
≤
B

⟺

B
⊆
A
.

{\displaystyle A\leq B\iff B\subseteq A.}

text: When quantified, A ⊆ B is represented as: ∀x{x∈A → x∈B}.[1]

text: Properties[edit]

text: A  set A is a subset of B if and only if their intersection is equal to A.

text: A  set A is a subset of B if and only if their union is equal to B.

text: A finite set A is a subset of B if and only if the cardinality of their intersection is equal to the cardinality of A.

text: ⊂ and ⊃ symbols[edit]

text: Some authors use the symbols ⊂ and ⊃ to indicate subset and superset respectively; that is, with the same meaning and instead of the symbols, ⊆ and ⊇.[2] So for example, for these authors, it is true of every set A that A ⊂ A.

text: Other authors prefer to use the symbols ⊂ and ⊃ to indicate proper subset and proper superset respectively; that is, with the same meaning and instead of the symbols, ⊊ and ⊋.[3] This usage makes ⊆ and ⊂ analogous to the inequality symbols ≤ and <. For example, if x ≤ y then x may or may not equal y, but if x < y, then x definitely does not equal y, and is less than y. Similarly, using the convention that ⊂ is proper subset, if A ⊆ B, then A may or may not equal B, but if A ⊂ B, then A definitely does not equal B.

text: Examples[edit]

text:
The set A = {1, 2} is a proper subset of B = {1, 2, 3}, thus both expressions A ⊆ B and A ⊊ B are true.
The set D = {1, 2, 3} is a subset of E = {1, 2, 3}, thus D ⊆ E is true, and D ⊊ E is not true (false).
Any set is a subset of itself, but not a proper subset. (X ⊆ X is true, and X ⊊ X is false for any set X.)
The empty set { }, denoted by ∅, is also a subset of any given set X. It is also always a proper subset of any set except itself.
The set {x: x is a prime number greater than 10} is a proper subset of {x: x is an odd number greater than 10}
The set of natural numbers is a proper subset of the set of rational numbers; likewise, the set of points in a line segment is a proper subset of the set of points in a line. These are two examples in which both the subset and the whole set are infinite, and the subset has the same cardinality (the concept that corresponds to size, that is, the number of elements, of a finite set) as the whole; such cases can run counter to one's initial intuition.
The set of rational numbers is a proper subset of the set of real numbers. In this example, both sets are infinite but the latter set has a larger cardinality (or power) than the former set.

text: Another example in an Euler diagram:

text:
A is a proper subset of B

C is a subset but not a proper subset of B

text: Other properties of inclusion[edit]

text:
Inclusion is the canonical partial order in the sense that every partially ordered set (X,

⪯

{\displaystyle \preceq }

) is isomorphic to some collection of sets ordered by inclusion. The ordinal numbers are a simple example—if each ordinal n is identified with the set [n] of all ordinals less than or equal to n, then a ≤ b if and only if [a] ⊆ [b].

text:
For the power set

P

(
S
)

{\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}(S)}

 of a set S, the inclusion partial order is (up to an order isomorphism) the Cartesian product of k = |S| (the cardinality of S) copies of the partial order on {0,1} for which 0 < 1. This can be illustrated by enumerating S = {s1, s2, …, sk} and associating with each subset T ⊆ S (which is to say with each element of 2S) the k-tuple from {0,1}k of which the ith coordinate is 1 if and only if si is a member of T.


document_title: Preamble to the Constitution of India

question_text: preamble of india is amended how many times

text: Preamble to the Constitution of India

text: Historic background[edit]

text: The preamble is based on the Objectives which was drafted and moved in the Constituent Assembly by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 December 1946.[2] B. R. Ambedkar said about the preamble:

text: It was, indeed, a way of life, which recognizes liberty, equality, and fraternity as the principles of life and which cannot be divorced from each other: Liberty cannot be divorced from equality; equality cannot be divorced from liberty. Nor can liberty and equality be divorced from fraternity. Without equality, liberty would produce the supremacy of the few over the many. Equality without liberty would kill individual initiative. Without fraternity, liberty and equality could not become a natural course of things.[3]

text: The Supreme Court of India originally stated in the BeruBari case presidential reference [4] that the preamble is not an integral part of the Indian constitution, and therefore it is not enforceable in a court of law. However, the same court, in the 1973 Kesavananda case, overruled earlier decisions and recognised that the preamble may be used to interpret ambiguous areas of the constitution where differing interpretations present themselves. In the 1995 case of Union Government Vs LIC of India, the Supreme Court once again held that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution.

text: As originally enacted the preamble described the state as a "sovereign democratic republic", to which the terms "Secular" and "Socialist" were later added by the 42nd Amendment.[5]

text: The preamble-page, along with other pages of the original Constitution of India, was designed and decorated by the renowned painter Beohar Rammanohar Sinha of Jabalpur who was at Shantiniketan with acharya Nandalal Bose at that time. Nandalal Bose endorsed Beohar Rammanohar Sinha's artwork without any alteration whatsoever. As such, the page bears Beohar Rammanohar Sinha's short signature Ram in Devanagari lower-right corner. The calligraphy was done by Prem Behari Narain Raizada.

text: Preamble[edit]

text:
“
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this 26th day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

”

text: Sovereign[edit]

text: India is a sovereign state in the sense that she is internally supreme and externally independent. Internally supreme in the sense that the Central government or the Indian Constitution controls all other states and she is externally independent in the sense that India is not under the control of any other foreign countries. She is free to conduct external relations with other countries of the world. [7]

text: Socialist[edit]

text: Before the term was added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, the Constitution had a socialist content in the form of certain Directive Principles of State Policy. The term socialist here means democratic socialism i.e. achievement of socialistic goals through democratic, evolutionary and non-violent means.Socialist state basically means that wealth is generated socially and should be shared equally by society through distributive justice.It shall not be concentrated in the hands of few. Government should regulate the ownership of land and industry to reduce socio-economic inequalities. [8]

text: Secular[edit]

text: Secular means the relationship within between the government and the people which is determined according to constitution and law. By the 42nd Amendment in 1976, the term "Secular" was also incorporated in the Preamble. There is no difference of religion i.e. all religion are equally respected and moreover there is no state religion. All the citizens of India are allowed to profess, practise and propagate any religion. Explaining the meaning of secularism as adopted by India, Alexander Owics has written, "Secularism is a part of the basic of the Indian Constitution and it means equal freedom and respect for all religions. [9]

text: Democratic[edit]

text: The people of India elect their governments at l) by a system of universal adult franchise; popularly known as "one man one vote". Every citizen of India, 18 years of age and above and not otherwise debarred by law, is entitled to vote.The word 'democratic' not only refers to political but also to social & economic democracy.

text: Republic[edit]

text: In a republic form of government, the head of the state is an elected person and not a heredity monarch . This word denotes a government where no one holds a public power as proprietary right . As opposed to a monarchy, in which the head of state is appointed on hereditary basis for a lifetime or until he abdicates from the throne, a democratic republic is an entity in which the head of state is elected, directly or indirectly, for a fixed tenure. [11]

text: Justice[edit]

text: India seeks to secure social, economic and political justice for its people.

text: (i) Social Justice:

text: Social Justice means the absence of socially privileged classes in the society and no discrimination against any citizen on grounds of caste, creed, colour, religion, sex or place of birth. India stands for eliminating all forms of exploitations from the society.

text: (ii) Economic Justice:

text: Economic Justice means no discrimination between man and woman on the basis of income, wealth and economic status. It stands for equitable distribution of wealth, economic equality, end of monopolistic control over means of production and distribution, decentralisation of economic resources, and securing of adequate opportunities to all for earning their living.

text: (iii) Political Justice:

text: Political Justice means equal, free and fair opportunities to the people for participation in the political process. It stands for the grant of equal political rights to all the people without any discrimination. The Constitution of India provides for a liberal democracy in which all the people have the right and freedom to participate. [12]

text: Liberty[edit]

text: The idea of Liberty refers to the freedom on the activities of Indian nationals. This establishes that there are no unreasonable restrictions on Indian citizens in term of what they think, their manner of expressions and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in action. This is found to be an important tool in ensuring democratic framework. However, liberty does not mean freedom to do anything, and it must be exercised within the constitutional limits.This is second provision.

text: Equality[edit]

text: This envisages that no section of the society enjoys special privileges and individuals are provided with adequate opportunities without any discrimination.All are equal in front of law. Again, there are three dimensions of Equality - Political, Economic & Civic.

text: Fraternity[edit]

text: This refers to a feeling of brotherhood and a sense of belonging with the country among its people. It embraces psychological as well as territorial dimensions of National Integration. It leaves no room for regionalism, communalism, casteism etc,which hinders the Unity of the State.The inclusion of the word "Fraternity" is proposed by Dr. B.R Ambedkar.

text: Amendability[edit]

text: In Berubari Case (1960), The amendability & the Significance of the same came to the force. An important & very interesting question was raised relating to the powers of the Parliament to cede Indian territory to a foreign country, as an interpretation of the Article 3. Supreme Court had held that the power of Parliament to diminish the area of a state as guaranteed in article 3 of the Constitution does not cover cession of the Indian territory to a foreign country. Hence, Indian territory can be ceded to a foreign country only by means of amendment of the Constitution under the Article 368. Consequently, the 9th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1960 was enacted to transfer the Berubari Union to Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan). Supreme Court also held the view that Preamble can not be a part of the constitution but later in Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973), the Supreme Court gave a comprehensive verdict. It said that Preamble is Part of Constitution and is subject to the amending power of the parliament as any other provisions of the Constitution, provided the basic structure of the constitution is not destroyed.

text: It has been clarified by the Supreme Court of India that being a part of Constitution, the Preamble can be subjected to Constitutional Amendments exercised under article 368, however, the basic structure cannot be altered.

text: Forty-second Amendment[edit]

text: The preamble has been amended only once so far. On 18 December 1976, during the Emergency in India, the Indira Gandhi government pushed through several changes in the Forty-second Amendment of the constitution. A committee under the chairmanship of Sardar Swaran Singh recommended that this amendment be enacted after being constituted to study the question of amending the constitution in the light of past experience. Through this amendment the words "socialist" and "secular" were added between the words "Sovereign" and "democratic" and the words "unity of the Nation" were changed to "unity and integrity of the Nation".[5]