question_text: first person to get nobel prize in economics

text: Creation and funding[edit]

text: An endowment "in perpetuity" from Sveriges Riksbank pays the Nobel Foundation's administrative expenses associated with the prize and funds the monetary component of the award.[8]

text: Since 2012, the monetary portion of the Prize in Economics has totaled 8 million Swedish kronor. This is equivalent to the amount given for the original Nobel Prizes.[12][13][14] Since 2006, Sveriges Riksbank has given the Nobel Foundation an annual grant of 6.5 million Swedish kronor (in January 2008, approx. US$1 million; 0.7 million Euro) for its administrative expenses associated with the prize as well as 1 million Swedish kronor (until the end of 2008) to include information about the prize in the Nobel Foundation's internet webpage.[15]

text: Relation to the Nobel Prizes[edit]

text: The Prize in Economics is not one of the original Nobel Prizes created by Alfred Nobel's will.[3][16][17] However, the nomination process, selection criteria, and awards presentation of the Prize in Economic Sciences are performed in a manner similar to that of the Nobel Prizes.[8][13][18]

text: Laureates are announced with the Nobel Prize laureates, and receive the award at the same ceremony.[3] The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the prize "in accordance with the rules governing the award of the Nobel Prizes instituted through his [Alfred Nobel's] will,"[8] which stipulate that the prize be awarded annually to "those who ... shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind."[19]

text: Award nomination and selection process[edit]

text: According to its official website, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences "administers a researcher exchange with academies in other countries and publishes six scientific journals. Every year the Academy awards the Nobel Prizes in Physics and in Chemistry, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, the Crafoord Prize and a number of other large prizes".[9]

text: Each September the Academy's Economics Prize Committee, which consists of five elected members, "sends invitations to thousands of scientists, members of academies and university professors in numerous countries, asking them to nominate candidates for the Prize in Economics for the coming year. Members of the Academy and former laureates are also authorised to nominate candidates."[8][9][20] All proposals and their supporting evidence must be received before February 1.[17] The proposals are reviewed by the Prize Committee and specially appointed experts. Before the end of September, the committee chooses potential laureates. If there is a tie, the chairman of the committee casts the deciding vote. Next, the potential laureates must be approved by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Members of the Ninth Class (the social sciences division) of the Academy vote in mid-October to determine the next laureate or laureates of the Prize in Economics.[8][9][21] As with the Nobel Prizes, no more than three people can share the prize for a given year; they must still be living at the time of the Prize announcement in October; and information about Prize nominations cannot be disclosed publicly for 50 years.[17]

text: Like the Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature, each laureate in Economics receives a diploma, gold medal, and monetary grant award document from the King of Sweden at the annual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm, on the anniversary of Nobel's death (December 10).[3][22]

text: Laureates[edit]

text: The first prize in economics was awarded in 1969 to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen "for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes".[23] In 2009, Elinor Ostrom became the first woman awarded the prize.

text: Awards to non-economists[edit]

text: Sylvia Nasar wrote in her book A Beautiful Mind that in February 1995, after acrimony pertaining to the awarding of the 1994 Prize in Economics to John Forbes Nash, the Prize in Economics was redefined as a prize in social sciences. This makes it available to researchers in such topics as political science, psychology, and sociology.[24][25] Moreover, the composition of the Economics Prize Committee changed to include two non-economists. This has not been confirmed by the Economics Prize Committee. The members of the 2007 Economics Prize Committee are still dominated by economists, as the secretary and four of the five members are professors of economics.[26] In 1978, Herbert A. Simon, whose PhD was in political science, became the first non-economist to win the prize,[citation needed] while Daniel Kahneman, a professor of psychology and international relations at Princeton University is the first non-economist by profession to win the prize.

text: Controversies and criticisms[edit]

text: Some critics argue that the prestige of the Prize in Economics derives in part from its association with the Nobel Prizes, an association that has often been a source of controversy. Among them is the Swedish human rights lawyer Peter Nobel, a great-grandson of Ludvig Nobel.[27] Nobel criticizes the awarding institution of misusing his family's name, and states that no member of the Nobel family has ever had the intention of establishing a prize in economics.[28] He explained that "Nobel despised people who cared more about profits than society's well-being", saying that "There is nothing to indicate that he would have wanted such a prize", and that the association with the Nobel prizes is "a PR coup by economists to improve their reputation".[27]

text: According to Samuel Brittan of the Financial Times, both of the former Swedish ministers of finance, Kjell-Olof Feldt and Gunnar Myrdal, wanted the prize abolished, saying, "Myrdal rather less graciously wanted the prize abolished because it had been given to such reactionaries as Hayek (and afterwards Milton Friedman)."[25] Relatedly, it has been noted that several members of the awarding committee have been affiliated with the Mont Pelerin Society.[29]

text: In his speech at the 1974 Nobel Prize banquet, Friedrich Hayek stated that had he been consulted on the establishment of a Nobel Prize in economics, he would "have decidedly advised against it"[25][30] primarily because, "The Nobel Prize confers on an individual an authority which in economics no man ought to possess.... This does not matter in the natural sciences. Here the influence exercised by an individual is chiefly an influence on his fellow experts; and they will soon cut him down to size if he exceeds his competence. But the influence of the economist that mainly matters is an influence over laymen: politicians, journalists, civil servants and the public generally."[30]

text: Critics cite the apparent snub of Joan Robinson as evidence of the committee's bias towards mainstream economics,[31][32] though heterodox economists like Friedrich Hayek (Austrian School) and Ronald Coase (associated with new institutional economics) have won.

text: Milton Friedman was awarded the 1976 prize in part for his work on monetarism. Awarding the prize to Friedman caused international protests.[33] Friedman was accused of supporting the military dictatorship in Chile because of the relation of economists of the University of Chicago to Pinochet, and a controversial six-day trip[34] he took to Chile during March 1975 (less than two years after the coup that deposed President Salvador Allende). Friedman himself answered that he never was an adviser to the dictatorship, but only gave some lectures and seminars on inflation and met with officials, including Augusto Pinochet, in Chile.[35]

text: Four Nobel Prize laureates – George Wald, Linus Pauling, David Baltimore and Salvador Luria – wrote letters in October 1976 to the New York Times protesting Friedman's award.[36][37]

text: The 1994 prize to John Forbes Nash caused controversy within the selection committee because of Nash's history of mental illness and alleged anti-Semitism.[38][39] The controversy resulted in a change to the rules governing the committee during 1994: Prize Committee members are now limited to serve for three years.[24]

text: The 2005 prize to Robert Aumann was criticized by European press[who?] for his alleged use of game theory to justify his stance against the dismantling of Israeli settlements in occupied territories.[40]

text: Alternative names[edit]

text: The award's official Swedish name is Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne. The Nobel Foundation's translations of the Swedish name into English have varied since 1969:

text:
Years

English translations

1969–1970

Prize in Economic Science dedicated to the memory of Alfred Nobel[41][42]

1971

Prize in Economic Science[43]

1972

Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[44]

1973–1975

Prize in Economic Science in Memory of Alfred Nobel[45][46]

1976–1977

Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[47][48]

1978–1981

Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences[49][50]

1982

Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science[51]

1983

Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[52]

1984–1990

Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences[53][54]

1991

Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[55]

1992–2005

Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[56][57]

2006–present

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[58][59]


document_title: Democracy Index

question_text: name any 4 democratic countries of the world

root

text: Democracy Index

text: Method[edit]

text:
Part of the Politics series

Democracy

History

Types

Anticipatory
Athenian
Cellular
Consensus
Cosmopolitan
Defensive
Delegative
Deliberative
Direct
Economic
Electronic
Empowered
Ethnic
Grassroots
Guided
Inclusive
Industrial
Interactive
Jacksonian
Jeffersonian
Liberal / Illiberal
Media
Multiparty
New
Non-partisan
Participatory
People's
Popular
Procedural
Radical
Representative
Religious

Christian
Islamic
Jewish
Mormon

Sectarian
Semi
Semi-direct
Social
Socialist
Sociocracy
Sovereign
Soviet
Substantive
Totalitarian
Workplace

Related topics

Anarchism
Kleroterion
Democratic capitalism
Democratic centralism
Democratic confederalism
Democratic republic
Democratic socialism
Democratization
Democracy and economic growth
Democracy in Marxism
Democracy promotion
Liberalism
Libertarianism
Majoritarianism
Motion
Ochlocracy
People's democratic dictatorship
Polyarchy
Sortition
Tyranny of the majority
Voting
Wars between democracies
Wave of democracy

Politics portal

v
t
e

tag: table

text: As described in the report,[2] the democracy index is a weighted average based on the answers of 60 questions, each one with either two or three permitted alternative answers. Most answers are "experts' assessments"; the report does not indicate what kinds of experts, nor their number, nor whether the experts are employees of the Economist Intelligence Unit or independent scholars, nor the nationalities of the experts. Some answers are provided by public-opinion surveys from the respective countries. In the case of countries for which survey results are missing, survey results for similar countries and expert assessments are used in order to fill in gaps.

tag: p

text: The questions are distributed in the five categories: electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties, functioning of government, political participation, and political culture. Each answer is translated to a mark, either 0 or 1, or for the three-answer alternative questions, 0.5. With the exceptions mentioned below, the sums are added within each category, multiplied by ten, and divided by the total number of questions within the category. There are a few modifying dependencies, which are explained much more precisely than the main rule procedures. In a few cases, an answer yielding zero for one question voids another question; e.g., if the elections for the national legislature and head of government are not considered free (question 1), then the next question, "Are elections... fair?" is not considered, but automatically marked zero. Likewise, there are a few questions considered so important that a low score on them yields a penalty on the total score sum for their respective categories, namely:

text:
"Whether national elections are free and fair";
"The security of voters";
"The influence of foreign powers on government";
"The capability of the civil servants to implement policies".

tag: ol

text: The five category indices, which are listed in the report, are then averaged to find the Democracy Index for a given country. Finally, the Democracy Index, rounded to two decimals, decides the regime type classification of the country.

text: The report discusses other indices of democracy, as defined e.g. by Freedom House, and argues for some of the choices made by the team from the Economist Intelligence Unit. In this comparison, a higher emphasis has been put on the public opinion and attitudes, as measured by surveys, but on the other hand, economic living standard has not been weighted as one criterion of democracy (as seemingly some other investigators[who?] have done).[3][4]

text: The report is widely cited in the international press as well as in peer reviewed academic journals.[5]

text: Classification definitions[edit]

text: Full democracies are nations where civil liberties and basic political freedoms are not only respected, but also reinforced by a political culture conducive to the thriving of democratic principles. These nations have a valid system of governmental checks and balances, independent judiciary whose decisions are enforced, governments that function adequately, and media that is diverse and independent. These nations have only limited problems in democratic functioning.[6]

text: Flawed democracies are nations where elections are fair and free and basic civil liberties are honored but may have issues (e.g. media freedom infringement). Nonetheless, these nations have significant faults in other democratic aspects, including underdeveloped political culture, low levels of participation in politics, and issues in the functioning of governance.[6]

text: Hybrid regimes are nations where consequential irregularities exist in elections regularly preventing them from being fair and free. These nations commonly have governments that apply pressure on political opponents, non independent judiciaries, and have widespread corruption, harassment and pressure placed on the media, anemic rule of law, and more pronounced faults than flawed democracies in the realms of underdeveloped political culture, low levels of participation in politics, and issues in the functioning of governance.[6]

text: Authoritarian regimes are nations where political pluralism has vanished or is extremely limited. These nations are often absolute monarchies or dictatorships, may have some conventional institutions of democracy but with meager significance, infringements and abuses of civil liberties are commonplace, elections (if they take place) are not fair and free, the media is often state-owned or controlled by groups associated with the ruling regime, the judiciary is not independent, and they are characterised by the presence of omnipresent censorship and suppression of governmental criticism.[6]

text: Democracy Index by country (2017)[edit]

text: Listing by country is available on The Economist website.[7]

text:
Democracy Index 2017

Rank
Country
Score
Electoral process
and pluralism
Functioning of
government
Political
participation
Political
culture
Civil
liberties
Category

1
 Norway
9.87
10.00
9.64
10.00
10.00
9.71
Full democracy

2
 Iceland
9.58
10.00
9.29
8.89
10.00
9.71
Full democracy

3
 Sweden
9.39
9.58
9.64
8.33
10.00
9.41
Full democracy

4
 New Zealand
9.26
10.00
9.29
8.89
8.13
10.00
Full democracy

5
 Denmark
9.22
10.00
9.29
8.33
9.38
9.12
Full democracy

=6
 Ireland
9.15
9.58
7.86
8.33
10.00
10.00
Full democracy

=6
 Canada
9.15
9.58
9.64
7.78
8.75
10.00
Full democracy

8
 Australia
9.09
10.00
8.93
7.78
8.75
10.00
Full democracy

9
 Finland
9.03
10.00
8.93
7.78
8.75
9.71
Full democracy

9
  Switzerland
9.03
9.58
9.29
7.78
9.38
9.12
Full democracy

11
 Netherlands
8.89
9.58
9.29
8.33
8.13
9.12
Full democracy

12
 Luxembourg
8.81
10.00
8.93
6.67
8.75
9.71
Full democracy

13
 Germany
8.61
9.58
8.21
8.33
7.50
9.41
Full democracy

14
 United Kingdom
8.53
9.58
7.50
8.33
8.13
9.12
Full democracy

15
 Austria
8.42
9.58
8.21
8.33
6.88
9.12
Full democracy

16
 Mauritius
8.22
9.17
8.21
5.56
8.75
9.41
Full democracy

17
 Malta
8.15
9.17
8.21
6.11
8.75
8.53
Full democracy

18
 Uruguay
8.12
10.00
8.93
4.44
7.50
9.71
Full democracy

19
 Spain
8.08
9.17
7.14
7.78
7.50
8.82
Full democracy

Rank
Country
Score
Electoral process
and pluralism
Functioning of
government
Political
participation
Political
culture
Civil
liberties
Category

20
 South Korea
8.00
9.17
7.89
7.22
7.50
8.24
Flawed democracy

=21
 United States
7.98
9.17
7.14
7.22
8.13
8.24
Flawed democracy

=21
 Italy
7.98
9.58
6.43
7.22
8.13
8.53
Flawed democracy

=23
 Japan
7.88
8.75
8.21
6.11
7.50
8.82
Flawed democracy

=23
 Cape Verde
7.88
9.17
7.86
6.67
6.88
9.12
Flawed democracy

=23
 Costa Rica
7.88
9.58
7.14
6.67
6.88
9.12
Flawed democracy

=26
 Chile
7.84
9.58
8.57
4.44
7.50
9.12
Flawed democracy

=26
 Portugal
7.84
9.58
7.50
6.11
6.88
9.12
Flawed democracy

28
 Botswana
7.81
9.17
7.14
6.11
7.50
9.12
Flawed democracy

29
 France
7.80
9.58
7.50
7.78
5.63
8.53
Flawed democracy

=30
 Estonia
7.79
9.58
7.86
6.11
6.88
8.53
Flawed democracy

=30
 Israel
7.79
9.17
7.50
8.89
7.50
5.88
Flawed democracy

32
 Belgium
7.78
9.58
8.93
5.00
6.88
8.53
Flawed democracy

33
 Taiwan
7.73
9.58
8.21
6.11
5.63
9.12
Flawed democracy

34
 Czech Republic
7.62
9.58
6.43
6.67
6.88
8.53
Flawed democracy

35
 Cyprus
7.59
9.17
6.43
6.67
6.88
8.82
Flawed democracy

36
 Slovenia
7.50
9.58
6.79
6.67
6.25
8.24
Flawed democracy

37
 Lithuania
7.41
9.58
5.71
6.11
6.25
9.41
Flawed democracy

=38
 Greece
7.29
9.58
5.36
6.11
6.88
8.53
Flawed democracy

=38
 Jamaica
7.29
9.17
7.14
4.44
6.88
8.82
Flawed democracy

40
 Latvia
7.25
9.58
5.71
5.56
6.88
8.53
Flawed democracy

41
 South Africa
7.24
7.42
7.50
8.33
5.00
7.94
Flawed democracy

42
 India
7.23
9.17
6.97
7.22
5.63
7.35
Flawed democracy

43
 Timor-Leste
7.19
9.08
6.97
5.56
6.88
7.65
Flawed democracy

44
 Slovakia
7.16
9.58
6.97
5.56
5.63
8.24
Flawed democracy

45
 Panama
7.08
9.58
6.97
6.11
5.00
7.94
Flawed democracy

46
 Trinidad and Tobago
7.04
9.58
7.14
5.56
5.00
7.94
Flawed democracy

47
 Bulgaria
7.03
9.17
6.43
7.22
4.38
7.94
Flawed democracy

48
 Argentina
6.96
9.17
5.00
6.11
6.88
7.65
Flawed democracy

49
 Brazil
6.86
9.58
5.36
6.11
3.75
8.24
Flawed democracy

50
 Suriname
6.76
9.17
6.43
5.56
5.00
7.65
Flawed democracy

51
 Philippines
6.71
9.17
5.71
7.22
4.38
7.06
Flawed democracy

52
 Ghana
6.69
8.33
5.71
6.67
6.25
6.47
Flawed democracy

=53
 Poland
6.67
9.17
6.07
6.11
4.38
7.65
Flawed democracy

=53
 Colombia
6.67
9.17
6.79
4.44
4.38
7.94
Flawed democracy

55
 Dominican Republic
6.66
9.17
5.36
6.11
6.25
7.06
Flawed democracy

=56
 Lesotho
6.64
9.17
5.00
6.67
5.63
6.76
Flawed democracy

=56
 Hungary
6.64
8.75
6.07
4.44
6.88
7.06
Flawed democracy

58
 Croatia
6.63
9.17
5.36
5.56
5.00
6.76
Flawed democracy

59
 Malaysia
6.54
6.92
7.14
6.11
6.25
7.06
Flawed democracy

60
 Mongolia
6.50
9.17
5.71
5.56
5.00
6.76
Flawed democracy

61
 Peru
6.49
9.17
5.36
5.56
5.00
7.35
Flawed democracy

62
 Sri Lanka
6.48
7.83
7.14
5.00
6.25
6.18
Flawed democracy

63
 Guyana
6.46
8.75
5.71
6.11
4.38
7.35
Flawed democracy

64
 Romania
6.44
9.17
5.71
5.00
4.38
7.94
Flawed democracy

65
 El Salvador
6.43
9.17
5.36
4.44
5.00
7.06
Flawed democracy

=66
 Serbia
6.41
8.25
5.36
6.67
5.00
7.35
Flawed democracy

=66
 Mexico
6.41
7.83
6.43
7.22
4.38
6.18
Flawed democracy

68
 Indonesia
6.39
6.92
7.14
6.67
5.63
5.59
Flawed democracy

=69
 Tunisia
6.32
6.00
5.71
7.78
6.25
5.88
Flawed democracy

=69
 Singapore
6.32
4.33
7.86
6.11
6.25
7.06
Flawed democracy

=71
 Hong Kong
6.31
3.92
6.07
5.56
7.50
8.53
Flawed democracy

=71
 Namibia
6.31
5.67
5.36
6.67
5.63
8.24
Flawed democracy

=71
 Paraguay
6.31
8.75
6.07
5.00
4.38
7.35
Flawed democracy

74
 Senegal
6.15
7.50
6.07
4.44
6.25
6.47
Flawed democracy

75
 Papua New Guinea
6.03
6.92
6.07
3.89
5.63
7.65
Flawed democracy

76
 Ecuador
6.02
8.75
4.64
5.56
4.38
6.76
Flawed democracy

Rank
Country
Score
Electoral process
and pluralism
Functioning of
government
Political
participation
Political
culture
Civil
liberties
Category

77
 Albania
5.98
7.00
4.71
5.56
5.00
7.65
Hybrid regime

78
 Moldova
5.94
7.50
4.64
6.11
4.38
7.06
Hybrid regime

79
 Georgia
5.93
8.67
4.29
6.11
5.00
5.59
Hybrid regime

80
 Guatemala
5.86
7.92
5.71
3.89
5.00
6.76
Hybrid regime

81
 Fiji
5.85
6.58
5.36
6.11
5.63
5.59
Hybrid regime

82
 Honduras
5.72
8.25
5.36
4.44
4.38
6.18
Hybrid regime

=83
 Ukraine
5.69
6.17
3.21
6.67
6.25
6.18
Hybrid regime

=83
 Montenegro
5.69
6.08
5.36
5.56
4.38
7.06
Hybrid regime

85
 Zambia
5.68
6.17
5.00
3.89
6.88
6.47
Hybrid regime

86
 Mali
5.64
7.42
3.93
4.44
6.25
6.18
Hybrid regime

87
 Benin
5.61
6.50
5.36
5.00
5.63
5.59
Hybrid regime

88
 Macedonia
5.57
6.50
5.00
5.56
3.75
7.06
Hybrid regime

=89
 Bolivia
5.49
7.00
4.64
5.00
3.75
7.06
Hybrid regime

=89
 Malawi
5.49
6.58
4.29
4.44
6.25
5.88
Hybrid regime

91
 Tanzania
5.47
7.00
5.00
5.00
5.63
4.71
Hybrid regime

92
 Bangladesh
5.43
7.42
5.07
5.00
4.38
5.29
Hybrid regime

93
 Liberia
5.23
7.42
2.57
5.56
5.00
5.59
Hybrid regime

94
   Nepal
5.18
4.33
5.36
5.00
5.63
5.59
Hybrid regime

=95
 Kenya
5.11
3.50
5.36
6.67
5.63
4.41
Hybrid regime

=95
 Kyrgyzstan
5.11
6.58
2.93
6.67
4.38
5.00
Hybrid regime

=95
 Madagascar
5.11
6.08
3.57
5.56
5.63
4.71
Hybrid regime

98
 Uganda
5.09
5.25
3.57
3.89
6.88
5.88
Hybrid regime

99
 Bhutan
5.08
8.33
6.07
2.78
4.38
3.82
Hybrid regime

100
 Turkey
4.88
5.33
6.07
5.00
5.63
2.35
Hybrid regime

=101
 Morocco
4.87
5.25
4.64
4.44
5.63
4.41
Hybrid regime

=101
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
4.87
6.50
2.93
5.00
3.75
6.18
Hybrid regime

103
 Burkina Faso
4.75
4.42
4.29
4.44
5.63
5.00
Hybrid regime

104
 Lebanon
4.72
3.50
2.57
7.22
5.63
4.71
Hybrid regime

=105
 Sierra Leone
4.66
6.58
1.86
3.33
6.25
5.29
Hybrid regime

=105
 Nicaragua
4.66
3.42
3.29
3.89
5.63
7.06
Hybrid regime

107
 Thailand
4.63
3.00
4.29
5.00
5.00
5.88
Hybrid regime

108
 Palestine
4.46
3.83
2.50
7.78
4.38
3.82
Hybrid regime

109
 Nigeria
4.44
6.08
4.64
3.33
3.75
4.41
Hybrid regime

110
 Pakistan
4.26
6.50
5.36
2.22
2.50
4.71
Hybrid regime

111
 Armenia
4.11
5.25
2.86
5.00
1.88
5.59
Hybrid regime

112
 Iraq
4.09
4.33
0.07
7.22
5.00
3.82
Hybrid regime

113
 Gambia
4.06
4.48
3.93
3.33
5.63
2.94
Hybrid regime

114
 Haiti
4.03
5.17
2.21
2.22
4.38
6.18
Hybrid regime

115
 Mozambique
4.02
4.42
2.14
5.00
5.00
3.53
Hybrid regime

Rank
Country
Score
Electoral process
and pluralism
Functioning of
government
Political
participation
Political
culture
Civil
liberties
Category

116
 Ivory Coast
3.93
4.42
2.14
3.33
5.63
4.12
Authoritarian

=117
 Jordan
3.87
3.58
4.29
3.89
4.38
3.24
Authoritarian

=117
 Venezuela
3.87
2.17
2.86
6.11
4.38
3.82
Authoritarian

119
 Kuwait
3.85
3.17
4.29
3.89
4.38
3.53
Authoritarian

120
 Myanmar
3.83
3.67
3.93
3.89
5.63
2.06
Authoritarian

121
 Mauritania
3.82
3.00
3.57
5.00
3.13
4.41
Authoritarian

122
 Niger
3.76
5.25
1.14
3.33
4.38
4.71
Authoritarian

123
 Comoros
3.71
4.33
2.21
4.44
3.75
3.82
Authoritarian

124
 Cambodia
3.63
1.33
5.71
2.22
5.63
3.24
Authoritarian

125
 Angola
3.62
1.75
2.86
5.56
5.00
2.94
Authoritarian

=126
 Gabon
3.61
2.58
2.21
4.44
5.00
3.82
Authoritarian

=126
 Cameroon
3.61
4.00
2.86
3.89
4.38
2.94
Authoritarian

128
 Algeria
3.56
2.58
2.21
3.89
5.00
4.12
Authoritarian

129
 Ethiopia
3.42
0.00
3.57
5.56
5.63
2.35
Authoritarian

130
 Egypt
3.36
3.58
3.21
3.33
3.75
2.94
Authoritarian

131
 Cuba
3.31
1.33
4.29
3.89
4.38
2.65
Authoritarian

132
 Republic of the Congo
3.25
3.17
2.50
3.89
3.75
2.94
Authoritarian

=133
 Qatar
3.19
0.00
4.29
2.22
5.63
3.82
Authoritarian

=133
 Rwanda
3.19
0.83
5.00
2.78
4.38
2.94
Authoritarian

135
 Russia
3.17
2.17
1.79
5.00
2.50
4.41
Authoritarian

136
 Zimbabwe
3.16
0.50
2.00
4.44
5.63
3.24
Authoritarian

137
 Guinea
3.14
3.50
0.43
4.44
4.38
2.94
Authoritarian

138
 Belarus
3.13
0.92
2.86
3.89
5.63
2.35
Authoritarian

139
 China
3.10
0.00
5.00
2.78
6.25
1.47
Authoritarian

140
 Vietnam
3.08
0.00
3.21
3.89
5.63
2.65
Authoritarian

141
 Kazakhstan
3.06
0.50
2.14
4.44
4.38
3.82
Authoritarian

142
 Togo
3.05
3.17
0.79
2.78
5.00
3.53
Authoritarian

143
 Oman
3.04
0.00
3.93
2.78
4.38
4.12
Authoritarian

144
 Swaziland
3.03
0.92
2.86
2.22
5.63
3.53
Authoritarian

145
 Djibouti
2.76
0.42
1.79
3.33
5.63
2.65
Authoritarian

146
 Bahrain
2.71
0.83
3.21
2.78
4.38
2.35
Authoritarian

147
 United Arab Emirates
2.69
0.00
3.57
2.22
5.00
2.65
Authoritarian

148
 Azerbaijan
2.65
0.50
2.14
3.33
3.75
3.53
Authoritarian

149
 Afghanistan
2.55
2.50
1.14
2.78
2.50
3.82
Authoritarian

150
 Iran
2.45
0.00
3.21
4.44
3.13
1.47
Authoritarian

=151
 Eritrea
2.37
0.00
2.14
1.67
6.88
1.18
Authoritarian

=151
 Laos
2.37
0.83
2.86
1.67
5.00
1.47
Authoritarian

153
 Burundi
2.33
0.00
0.43
3.89
5.00
2.35
Authoritarian

154
 Libya
2.32
1.00
0.36
1.67
5.63
2.94
Authoritarian

155
 Sudan
2.15
0.00
1.79
2.78
5.00
1.18
Authoritarian

156
 Yemen
2.07
0.00
0.00
4.44
5.00
0.88
Authoritarian

157
 Guinea-Bissau
1.98
1.67
0.00
2.78
3.13
2.35
Authoritarian

158
 Uzbekistan
1.95
0.08
1.86
2.22
5.00
0.59
Authoritarian

=159
 Saudi Arabia
1.93
0.00
2.86
2.22
3.13
1.47
Authoritarian

=159
 Tajikistan
1.93
0.08
0.79
1.67
6.25
0.88
Authoritarian

161
 Equatorial Guinea
1.81
0.00
0.43
2.78
4.38
1.47
Authoritarian

162
 Turkmenistan
1.72
0.00
0.79
2.22
5.00
0.59
Authoritarian

163
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
1.61
0.50
0.71
2.22
3.75
0.88
Authoritarian

164
 Central African Republic
1.52
2.25
0.00
1.11
1.88
2.35
Authoritarian

165
 Chad
1.50
0.00
0.00
1.11
3.75
2.65
Authoritarian

166
 Syria
1.43
0.00
0.00
2.78
4.38
0.00
Authoritarian

167
 North Korea
1.08
0.00
2.50
1.67
1.25
0.00
Authoritarian

Rank
Country
Score
Electoral process
and pluralism
Functioning of
government
Political
participation
Political
culture
Civil
liberties
Category

text: Recent changes[edit]

text: In 2016, the United States was downgraded from a full democracy to a flawed democracy;[8] its score, which had been experiencing a persistent downward trend, crossed the threshold from 8.05 in 2015 to 7.98 in 2016. The report states that this was not due only to the election of Donald Trump,[8] but was caused by other factors as well — dating back to the late 1960s[9] — that led to his election.[10]

text: The 2017 Democracy index registered the worst year for global democracy since 2010–11 in the aftermath of the global economic and financial crisis.[citation needed] 89 countries experienced a decline in their total score compared with 2016, more than three times as many as the countries that recorded an improvement[citation needed]. Asia was the worst performing region overall, while Venezuela was downgraded from a "hybrid regime" to an "authoritarian regime" and Armenia was reupgraded from an "authoritarian regime" to a "hybrid regime".[11]

text: Australia (ranked 8th) and Taiwan (ranked 33rd) both legalised gay marriage in 2017. In China, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, further entrenched his power by writing his theoretical contribution to the Chinese Communist Party’s ideology, dubbed “Xi Jinping Thought”, into the party’s constitution. Moldova was downgraded from a “ﬂawed democracy” to a “hybrid regime” as a result of problematic elections. By contrast, Armenia moved from the authoritarian category to a “hybrid regime” as a result of constitutional changes that shifted power from the presidency to parliament.[12]

text: Democracy Index by regime type[edit]

text: The following table gives the number and percentage of countries and the percentage of the world population for each regime type in 2017:[1]

text:
Type of regime
Scores (s)
Number of
countries
Percentage
of countries
Percentage of
world population

Full democracies
8 ≤ s ≤ 10
19
11.4
4.4

Flawed democracies
6 ≤ s < 8
57
34.1
44.3

Hybrid regimes
4 ≤ s < 6
39
23.4
17.7

Authoritarian regimes
0 ≤ s < 4
52
31.1
32.3

text: World population refers to the total population of the 167 countries covered by the Index. Since this excludes only micro-states, this is nearly equal to the entire estimated world population.

text: Democracy Index by region[edit]

text: The following table gives the index average by world region, and the number of covered countries in 2017. Note that some regional groups (e.g. Eastern Europe) are very heterogeneous and composed of full democracies as well as authoritarian regimes:

text:
Rank
Region
Countries
2006[4]
2008[13]
2010[3]
2011[14]
2012[2]
2013[15]
2014[16]
2015[6]
2016[17]
2017[1]

1
Northern America
2
8.64
8.64
8.63
8.59
8.59
8.59
8.59
8.56
8.56

8.56

2
Western Europe
21
8.60
8.61
8.45
8.40
8.44
8.41
8.41
8.42
8.40
8.38

3
Latin America and the Caribbean
24
6.37
6.43
6.37
6.35
6.36
6.38
6.36
6.37
6.33
6.26

4
Asia and Australasia
28
5.44
5.58
5.53
5.51
5.56
5.61
5.70
5.74
5.74
5.63

5
Central and Eastern Europe
28
5.76
5.67
5.55
5.50
5.51
5.53
5.58
5.55
5.43
5.40

6
Sub-Saharan Africa
44
4.24
4.28
4.23
4.32
4.33
4.36
4.34
4.38
4.37
4.35

7
Middle East and North Africa
20
3.54
3.48
3.52
3.62
3.73
3.68
3.65
3.58
3.56
3.54

World
167
5.52
5.55
5.46
5.49
5.52
5.53
5.55
5.55
5.52
5.48


document_title: VM Motori

question_text: who makes the diesel engine in the jeep liberty

text: VM Motori

text: History[edit]

text: VM Motori was founded by two entrepreneurs, Claudio Vancini and Ugo Martelli (hence the "VM") in 1947.

text: VM merged with Stabilimenti Meccanici Triestini in Trieste in 1971, then Finmeccanica took a majority stake in the combined company.

text: In 1989, Finmeccanica restructured, selling its stake in VM Motori to company managers and Midland Montague in a leveraged buyout, leaving the company with its single Cento plant.

text: Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) bought VM Motori in 1995. In 2000, DDC was purchased by DaimlerChrysler AG.

text: In 2003, Penske Corporation purchased a 51% stake in VM Motori; in 2007, Penske bought the remaining 49% from DaimlerChrysler and subsequently sold 50% of it to General Motors.[1] As of 2007, both deals were awaiting European regulatory approval and the value of the deal was not known.

text: In September 2008, GAZ Group announced plans to purchase a 50% stake from Penske Corp,[2] but ultimately cancelled them in February 2009.[3]

text: On 11 February 2011, Fiat Powertrain Technologies and Penske Corporation had reached an agreement under which Fiat Powertrain would purchase Penske Corporation's fifty-percent stake in VM Motori S.p.A.[4][5]

text: Fiat Group Automobiles acquired the remaining 50% stake of VM Motori S.p.A. owned by General Motors,[6] on 28 October 2013.[7]

text: Products and licensing[edit]

text: In 1947, the company produced the first Italian air-cooled diesel engine with direct injection.

text: In 1964, the company introduced entire new families of air-cooled diesel engines for fishing boats and the industrial machine markets.

text: The year 1974 saw the introduction of a new series of high-speed (4200 rpm) HR-series, pre-combustion chamber, water-cooled, turbocharged engines.

text: The Alfa Romeo Alfetta, produced in Arese, rolled off the line with a VM Motori engine under the bonnet in 1979, signaling VM's move to the OEM automotive market. The engines still retained some maritime features, such as individual heads for each cylinder - a design which made it easier to produce different cylinder configurations.[8]

text: During the 1980s, British Leyland chose VM engines as the smoothest, most petrol-like units available for diesel models of their Range Rover and Rover SD1; the choice continued with the later Rover 800.

text: The after-cooled, electronic-combustion, "Turbotronic" engine was unveiled in 1990. It was supplied to Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, and Rover.

text: In 1995, when OEM automotive sales accounted for 75% of income, a major deal with Chrysler saw agreements to supply engines for their Jeep Grand Cherokee and Voyager (2.5-litre) models. VM Motori's 2.8-litre common rail turbodiesel engine was chosen for the Jeep Liberty CRD(Cherokee in Europe). The 2005 and later Chrysler Grand Voyager and 2012 model year Chevrolet Colorado That sale in Thailand is also fitted with the VM 2.8-litre (R428) engine.

text: In the late 1990s, a new three-cylinder 1.5-litre turbocharged diesel engine was developed by VM Motori. It featured a single overhead camshaft, four valves per cylinder, and common rail direct fuel injection.[9] It was licensed to the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai,[nb 1] and was used in the second generation of the Hyundai Accent, the Hyundai Getz and the Hyundai Matrix.[10] These were produced and marketed between the fall of 2001 and the end of 2005.[10]

text: In 2004, GM Daewoo licensed the 1.5-litre and 2.0-litre common rail engine designs, and built a dedicated engine plant,[11] which started production 2006. The 2.0 L diesel is used in the Daewoo Winstorm (also badged as the Chevrolet Captiva, and in the related Opel Antara), the Daewoo Lacetti (also badged as the Chevrolet Lacetti), the Daewoo Tosca (also badged as the Chevrolet Epica) and the Chevrolet Cruze.

text: The latest vehicle to benefit from a 2.5 L VM Motori diesel engine is the purpose-built LTI (London Taxis International) London style taxicab. The TX4 is the first of the TX range of taxis to include a VM Motori engine.

text: The company is also selling its products to off-highway applications, such as marine and defense. MTU Friedrichshafen, a German diesel engine manufacturer, holds the exclusive sales rights for VM Motori off-highway engines outside of Italy.

text: In June 2010, VM Motori started the production of the new 2.8L 4-cylinder Euro 5 engine to power the 2011 Jeep Wrangler, 2011 Jeep Cherokee and 2012 Lancia Voyager. The A428 makes 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) and 460 N⋅m (340 lb⋅ft) at 1800 rpm of torque. On the manual version of the Jeep Wrangler, the A428 features the Stop/Start system to reduce the CO2 emissions.

text: In January 2011, VM Motori launched its brand new engine 3.0L V6 Variable Valve Timing A 630 DOHC With 241 HP and 550 N⋅m (410 lb⋅ft) of torque. Thanks to a collaboration with Fiat Powertrain Technologies, the engine features the latest FPT Common Rail Multijet2 technology for improved performance, fuel economy and NVH. In 2013, the engine was redesigned to comply with Euro5+ emissions standards.

text: The first application of the A 630 DOHC was the 2011 Grand Cherokee. The same engine also powers the Ram 1500 and Jeep Grand Cherokee Eco-Diesel since 2014, and in lightly tuned form, the Maserati Ghibli III. The engine won several awards including Ward's 10 Best engines of 2014 during its first model year of production in the Jeep &Ram. And has gone on for an unprecedented diesel 'repeat' winning Ward's Top 10 List again in 2015 and 2016. [12][13][14]


document_title: Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles

question_text: who won the mens olympic figure skating 2018

text: Summary[edit]

text: With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.

text: After the short program, Hanyu, Fernández, Uno, and Jin Boyang were first, second, third, and fourth respectively. Nathan Chen, originally one of the favorites for the podium, skated an uncharacteristically poor short program that placed him at 17th, but fought back to win the free skating with a score of 215.08--8.91 points above the second place free skating by Hanyu. He ended up fifth overall. In the free program, Jin Boyang overtook Chen by less than a point overall, and placed fourth.

text: In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Alexander Lakernik, ISU Figure Skating Vice President.

text: Vincent Zhou landed the first quadruple lutz at the Olympics. Nathan Chen became the first to ever land six quads, five clean. He also landed the first quadruple flip at the Olympics. [5] With these jumps he holds the new record for highest free skating technical score.[6] For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating.

text: Qualification[edit]

text: A total of 30 skaters qualified to compete for the event, with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three. 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. Each country decided the entry of its teams, and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete.[7] All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 25.00 and the free skating 45.00.[8]

text: Schedule[edit]

text: All times are (UTC+9).

text:
Date
Time
Round

16 February
10:00[3]
Short program

17 February
10:00[3]
Free skating

text: Results[edit]

text: Short program[edit]

text: The short program was held on 16 February 2018.[3][9]

text:
Pl.
Name
Nation
TSS
TES
PCS
SS
TR
PE
CH
IN
Ded
StN

1
Yuzuru Hanyu
 Japan
111.68
63.18
48.50
9.71
9.43
9.86
9.75
9.75
0.00
25

2
Javier Fernández
 Spain
107.58
59.79
47.79
9.36
9.36
9.71
9.68
9.68
0.00
29

3
Shoma Uno
 Japan
104.17
58.13
46.04
9.29
9.00
9.25
9.29
9.21
0.00
28

4
Jin Boyang
 China
103.32
60.27
43.05
8.79
8.29
8.82
8.54
8.61
0.00
30

5
Dmitri Aliev
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
98.98
56.98
42.00
8.43
8.11
8.50
8.50
8.46
0.00
20

6
Patrick Chan
 Canada
90.01
45.08
45.93
9.36
9.07
9.00
9.29
9.21
–1.00
21

7
Adam Rippon
 United States
87.95
44.48
43.47
8.57
8.43
8.86
8.68
8.93
0.00
19

8
Mikhail Kolyada
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
86.69
43.84
43.85
8.96
8.54
8.64
8.82
8.89
–1.00
27

9
Michal Březina
 Czech Republic
85.15
44.34
40.81
8.25
7.89
8.25
8.21
8.21
0.00
13

10
Keegan Messing
 Canada
85.11
45.50
40.61
8.04
7.96
8.07
8.29
8.25
−1.00
12

11
Jorik Hendrickx
 Belgium
84.74
44.17
40.57
7.96
7.89
8.25
8.18
8.29
0.00
17

12
Vincent Zhou
 United States
84.53
48.50
36.03
7.39
6.96
7.11
7.32
7.25
0.00
3

13
Oleksii Bychenko
 Israel
84.13
43.63
40.50
7.93
7.71
8.36
8.18
8.32
0.00
23

14
Misha Ge
 Uzbekistan
83.90
41.75
42.15
8.18
8.18
8.54
8.46
8.79
0.00
16

15
Cha Jun-hwan
 South Korea
83.43
43.79
39.64
7.93
7.68
8.07
8.00
7.96
0.00
14

16
Brendan Kerry
 Australia
83.06
45.49
37.57
7.57
7.36
7.61
7.57
7.46
0.00
10

17
Nathan Chen
 United States
82.27
41.39
41.88
8.46
8.32
8.14
8.57
8.39
–1.00
26

18
Daniel Samohin
 Israel
80.69
43.29
38.40
7.79
7.29
7.79
7.71
7.82
–1.00
18

19
Yan Han
 China
80.63
40.99
40.64
8.46
8.07
7.86
8.18
8.07
−1.00
8

20
Keiji Tanaka
 Japan
80.05
40.30
40.75
8.36
7.86
8.07
8.21
8.25
–1.00
22

21
Deniss Vasiļjevs
 Latvia
79.52
39.34
41.18
8.25
8.00
8.18
8.39
8.36
–1.00
24

22
Moris Kvitelashvili
 Georgia
76.56
40.88
36.68
7.46
7.11
7.32
7.43
7.36
−1.00
11

23
Matteo Rizzo
 Italy
75.63
39.23
36.40
7.29
7.11
7.29
7.39
7.32
0.00
5

24
Paul Fentz
 Germany
74.73
37.71
37.02
7.46
7.25
7.46
7.46
7.39
0.00
15

Did not advance to free skating

25
Julian Yee
 Malaysia
73.58
38.37
35.21
7.07
6.82
7.11
7.14
7.07
0.00
9

26
Chafik Besseghier
 France
72.10
38.41
33.69
6.79
6.29
6.89
6.86
6.86
0.00
2

27
Denis Ten
 Kazakhstan
70.12
30.77
39.35
8.11
7.82
7.46
8.07
7.89
0.00
4

28
Michael Christian Martinez
 Philippines
55.56
26.04
29.52
5.96
5.64
5.96
6.00
5.96
0.00
6

29
Felipe Montoya
 Spain
52.41
22.59
30.82
6.25
6.07
6.00
6.25
6.25
−1.00
1

30
Yaroslav Paniot
 Ukraine
46.58
18.68
29.90
6.43
5.79
5.61
6.21
5.86
−2.00
7

text:
Notes:
WR - World record
TSS - Total Segment Score; TES - Technical Element Score; PCS - Program Component Score
SS - Skating Skills; TR - Transitions; PE - Performance/Execution
CH - Choreography; IN - Interpretation; Ded - Deduction; StN - Starting Number

tag: ul

text: Free skating[edit]

text: The free skating was held on 17 February 2018.[3][10]

text:
Pl.
Name
Nation
TSS
TES
PCS
SS
TR
PE
CH
IN
Ded
StN

1
Nathan Chen
 United States
215.08
127.64
87.44
8.82
8.32
9.04
8.79
8.75
0.00
9

2
Yuzuru Hanyu
 Japan
206.17
109.55
96.62
9.71
9.50
9.64
9.71
9.75
0.00
22

3
Shoma Uno
 Japan
202.73
111.01
92.72
9.36
9.07
9.25
9.32
9.36
–1.00
24

4
Javier Fernández
 Spain
197.66
101.52
96.14
9.46
9.43
9.64
9.79
9.75
0.00
23

5
Jin Boyang
 China
194.45
109.69
85.76
8.71
8.21
8.64
8.68
8.64
–1.00
20

6
Vincent Zhou
 United States
192.16
112.24
79.92
8.04
7.71
8.25
7.96
8.00
0.00
15

7
Mikhail Kolyada
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
177.56
91.62
87.94
9.00
8.64
8.68
8.86
8.72
–2.00
16

8
Patrick Chan
 Canada
173.42
81.56
91.86
9.32
9.14
8.66
9.29
9.32
0.00
21

9
Oleksii Bychenko
 Israel
172.88
89.08
83.80
8.39
8.04
8.61
8.43
8.43
0.00
7

10
Adam Rippon
 United States
171.41
84.47
86.94
8.75
8.54
8.68
8.71
8.79
0.00
18

11
Daniel Samohin
 Israel
170.75
89.03
81.72
8.32
7.75
8.32
8.18
8.29
0.00
8

12
Keegan Messing
 Canada
170.32
84.88
85.44
8.50
8.29
8.61
8.61
8.71
0.00
14

13
Dmitri Aliev
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
168.53
85.39
85.13
8.64
8.39
8.32
8.61
8.61
–2.00
19

14
Cha Jun-hwan
 South Korea
165.16
84.94
81.22
8.21
7.86
8.25
8.11
8.18
–1.00
13

15
Keiji Tanaka
 Japan
164.78
85.64
81.14
8.36
7.89
8.00
8.18
8.14
–2.00
5

16
Jorik Hendrickx
 Belgium
164.21
81.79
82.42
8.25
7.96
8.36
8.25
8.39
0.00
13

17
Misha Ge
 Uzbekistan
161.04
74.96
86.08
8.46
8.36
8.54
8.75
8.93
0.00
10

18
Michal Březina
 Czech Republic
160.92
76.58
84.34
8.57
8.21
8.39
8.57
8.43
0.00
17

19
Matteo Rizzo
 Italy
156.78
80.86
75.92
7.64
7.32
7.79
7.64
7.57
0.00
2

20
Deniss Vasiļjevs
 Latvia
155.06
76.42
80.64
8.14
7.86
7.96
8.18
8.18
–2.00
1

21
Brendan Kerry
 Australia
150.75
73.33
77.42
7.96
7.54
7.68
7.82
7.71
0.00
12

22
Paul Fentz
 Germany
139.82
66.98
72.84
7.50
7.14
7.14
7.39
7.25
0.00
3

23
Yan Han
 China
132.38
53.80
79.58
8.56
7.82
7.57
8.04
8.00
–1.00
4

24
Moris Kvitelashvili
 Georgia
128.01
63.35
70.66
7.34
6.86
6.68
7.32
7.04
–6.00
6

text:
Notes:
TSS - Total Segment Score; TES - Technical Element Score; PCS - Program Component Score
SS - Skating Skills; TR - Transitions; PE - Performance/Execution
CH - Choreography; IN - Interpretation; Ded - Deduction; StN - Starting Number

text: Overall[edit]

text: The skaters were ranked according to their overall score.[11]

text:
Rank
Name
Nation
TP
SP
FS

01 !
Yuzuru Hanyu
 Japan
317.85
111.68
1
206.17
2

02 !
Shoma Uno
 Japan
306.90
104.17
3
202.73
3

03 !
Javier Fernández
 Spain
305.24
107.58
2
197.66
4

4
Jin Boyang
 China
297.77
103.32
4
194.45
5

5
Nathan Chen
 United States
297.35
82.27
17
215.08
1

6
Vincent Zhou
 United States
276.69
84.53
12
192.16
6

7
Dmitri Aliev
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
267.51
98.98
5
168.53
13

8
Mikhail Kolyada
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
264.25
86.69
8
177.56
7

9
Patrick Chan
 Canada
263.43
90.01
6
173.42
8

10
Adam Rippon
 United States
259.36
87.95
7
171.41
10

11
Oleksii Bychenko
 Israel
257.01
84.13
13
172.88
9

12
Keegan Messing
 Canada
255.43
85.11
10
170.32
12

13
Daniel Samohin
 Israel
251.44
80.69
18
170.75
11

14
Jorik Hendrickx
 Belgium
248.95
84.74
11
164.21
16

15
Cha Jun-hwan
 South Korea
248.59
83.43
15
165.16
14

16
Michal Březina
 Czech Republic
246.07
85.15
9
160.92
18

17
Misha Ge
 Uzbekistan
244.94
83.90
14
161.04
17

18
Keiji Tanaka
 Japan
244.83
80.05
20
164.78
15

19
Deniss Vasiļjevs
 Latvia
234.58
79.52
21
155.06
20

20
Brendan Kerry
 Australia
233.81
83.06
16
150.75
21

21
Matteo Rizzo
 Italy
232.41
75.63
23
156.78
19

22
Paul Fentz
 Germany
214.55
74.73
24
139.82
22

23
Yan Han
 China
213.01
80.63
19
132.38
23

24
Moris Kvitelashvili
 Georgia
204.57
76.56
22
128.01
24

Did not advance to free skating

25
Julian Yee
 Malaysia

73.58
25

26
Chafik Besseghier
 France

72.10
26

27
Denis Ten
 Kazakhstan

70.12
27

28
Michael Christian Martinez
 Philippines

55.56
28

29
Felipe Montoya
 Spain

52.41
29

30
Yaroslav Paniot
 Ukraine

46.58
30

text: TP - Total points; SP - Short program; FS - Free skating


document_title: Transformers: Age of Extinction

question_text: who are the voices of transformers age of extinction

text: Transformers: Age of Extinction

text: Plot[edit]

text: Sixty five million years ago, an alien race known as the "Creators" used devices called Seeds to terraform planet Earth, effectively wiping out the dinosaurs and covering it with an alloy called Transformium. In the present day, geologist Darcy Tirrel excavates the Transformium for K.S.I. Industries, which uses it to build man-made artificial Transformer drones.

text: Five years after The Battle of Chicago, the humans have begun to view the Transformers as a threat, leading the U.S government to terminate all human-Autobot joint programs. Although the public believes that the Autobots have been granted sanctuary, they are being hunted by a rogue and xenophobic CIA black ops division known as Cemetery Wind, led by opportunistic government official Harold Attinger, who believes that all Transformers should be exterminated regardless of their faction. They are aided by Lockdown, a Cybertronian bounty hunter working for the Creators, promising to give Attinger a Seed if his division manages to capture Optimus Prime. Cemetery Wind locates Ratchet in Mexico City and Lockdown kills him when he refuses to give up the whereabouts of Optimus Prime.

text: Optimus, damaged in Mexico City and disguised as a rundown semi-truck, is discovered in an abandoned theater by Cade Yeager, a financially struggling Texan inventor, and brings him back to the farm. While his teenage daughter Tessa and business partner Lucas Flannery encourage him to turn Optimus over to the authorities after realizing what he really is, Cade instead fixes Optimus, hoping to understand his technology and unexpectedly revives him. Still skeptical of Optimus and worried about Cade's safety, Lucas calls Cemetery Wind, who attacks and destroys the farm, but Optimus and Tessa's boyfriend, Irish rally car driver Shane Dyson, come to the family's aid. While on the run from Cemetery Wind and Lockdown, Lucas is killed by one of Lockdown's grenades. After escaping from their attackers, they take refuge in an abandoned gas station. Later, Optimus scans a passing truck and turns into a Western Star 5700 Phantom Custom truck with the original red and blue paint with flames. Optimus summons the surviving Autobots – Bumblebee, Hound, Drift, and Crosshairs – who have come to distrust humans due to Cemetery Wind constantly hunting them down. Using a CIA drone which he stole during the home invasion, Cade discovers K.S.I.'s involvement in the attacks on the Autobots.

text: Infiltrating K.S.I.'s headquarters in Chicago, Cade discovers the remains of Autobots and Decepticons are being melted down to make the drones. Joshua Joyce, the ambitious company CEO, is in league with Attinger to revolutionize global defenses and improve human society using the Seed. He has captured Brains and is using him and Megatron's head to create prototype Transformer soldiers Galvatron and Stinger. In a fit of rage, the Autobots storm the building where they rescue Brains and destroy the laboratory, but they soon leave after Joshua announces that they are no longer needed. Attinger forces Joshua to deploy Galvatron and Stinger to attack the Autobots. During the battle, Galvatron's behavior becomes slightly erratic when he starts destroying vehicles. As Galvatron battles Optimus, it frees itself from control and speaks to Optimus. Lockdown then arrives and abducts both Optimus and Tessa while Galvatron and Stinger retreat, leaving Cade and Shane devastated.

text: While Lockdown's large prison spacecraft hovers over Chicago to hand over the Seed, Cade, Shane, and the Autobots use this opportunity to sneak on board and rescue Optimus and Tessa. They hijack a smaller ship, containing a number of other Autobots called the Dinobots, just before Lockdown leaves Earth. The Autobots reveal to Cade that "Galvatron" is in fact Megatron, who had transferred his consciousness into the Galvatron drone after K.S.I. officials had accidentally revived him. They realize that Galvatron is plotting to use the Seed and the K.S.I. drones to conquer the world, by detonating the Seed in Hong Kong. K.S.I. plans to use the Seed in the remote Mongolian desert to create vast amounts of usable Transformium. Cade informs of Megatron's presence to Joshua, causing him to have a change of heart and agreeing to hand over the Seed with help from Darcy and his Chinese business associate Su Yueming. Back at the facility, Galvatron reactivates himself and takes control of the K.S.I. drones, and a battle follows in Hong Kong's streets between Cade's group, the Autobots, Cemetery Wind, Galvatron, and his drones. During the fight, Optimus wins the alliance of the Dinobots, who become essential to the Autobots' victory while Bumblebee kills Stinger.

text: Lockdown returns to capture Optimus and the Dinobots, using a large magnet in his ship that causes destruction to the city. After disabling the magnet, Optimus fights Lockdown at an abandoned factory. In the ensuing duel, Optimus kills Attinger (who still deems all Cybertronians aside from Lockdown as a threat) to save Cade, and avenging the deaths of his fellow Autobots. However, this allows Lockdown to pin Optimus down by impaling his chest with his own sword, damaging his spark. Cade, Bumblebee, Tessa, and Shane fight Lockdown, with Cade ending up fighting him one-on-one while Tessa and Shane use a tow truck to free Optimus, who destroys Lockdown and uses one of his grenades to finish off the remaining drones. Galvatron, the only surviving Decepticon, retreats, vowing he will return. Optimus tells the Autobots to protect the Yeagers (with Joshua offering to help the Yeagers build a new home) and lets the Dinobots go, before flying away into space with the Seed, sending a message to the Creators that he is coming for them.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Mark Wahlberg as Cade Yeager
A single father and struggling inventor.[7]
Stanley Tucci as Joshua Joyce
The ambitiously arrogant head of KSI who wants to build his own Transformers.[8][9]
Kelsey Grammer as Harold Attinger
A paranoid CIA operative and government official who created the CIA black-ops unit, Cemetery Wind to eliminate all Transformers, Autobot or Decepticon, from Earth.[10]
Nicola Peltz as Tessa Yeager
Cade's daughter who is secretly dating Shane.
Jack Reynor as Shane Dyson
Tessa's boyfriend and an Irish rally car driver.[11][12]
Titus Welliver as James Savoy
A ruthless CIA Agent and second-in command of the Cemetery Wind working for Attinger.[13]
Sophia Myles as Darcy Tirrel
Joshua's geologist assistant and ex-girlfriend.[14][15]
Li Bingbing as Su Yueming (苏月明 Sū Yuèmíng)
The owner of the Chinese factory used by KSI to build their artificial Transformers.[16]
T. J. Miller as Lucas Flannery
Cade's best friend and a mechanic.[17]
James Bachman as Gill Wembley
A scientist working with Joshua Joyce at KSI.
Thomas Lennon as the Chief of Staff.

text: Greg Anderson, Melanie Specht and Victoria Summer play Joshua's assistants.[18][19] Han Geng portrays himself, playing the guitar and singing in a parked car that is magnetized by Lockdown's ship.[20] Edward T. Welburn plays a KSI executive.[21] Kevin Covais plays a motorist.[22]

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Peter Cullen as Optimus Prime
The leader of the Autobots who transforms into a rusty Marmon 97 semi truck and later, a blue and red Western Star 5700 XE semi-trailer truck with flame decals.[23][24][25][26][27]
Frank Welker as Galvatron
A human-made KSI Transformer drone intended to be modeled after Optimus Prime, but ultimately using data downloaded from the remains of Megatron. It is later revealed that the Galvatron drone has become possessed by the Decepticon leader, who molecularly transforms into a black and grey 2014 Freightliner Argosy cab over trailer truck.[26][27][28][29]
John Goodman as Hound
An Autobot commando unit who transforms into an Oshkosh Defense Medium Tactical Vehicle.[30][31][32]
Ken Watanabe as Drift
A Samurai-motif Autobot, tactician and a former Decepticon assassin who transforms into a black and blue 2013 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse and a Sikorsky S-97 Raider Helicopter.
Robert Foxworth as Ratchet
The Autobot medical officer who transforms into a white and green 2004 Search and rescue Hummer H2 ambulance.
John DiMaggio as Crosshairs
An Autobot paratrooper and elite sniper who transforms into a black and green 2014 Chevrolet Corvette C7 Stingray.[24]
Mark Ryan as Lockdown
An extremely powerful, relentless, heavily enhanced, ruthless Cybertronian bounty hunter who transforms into a grey 2013 Lamborghini Aventador LP 700–4 Coupe and is hired by the mysterious Creators to bring Optimus Prime back to them.[24][26]
Reno Wilson voices Brains
A former Decepticon drone turned Autobot who has lost his right leg.[27]

text: Non-speaking characters[edit]

text:
Bumblebee
An Autobot scout and Optimus Primes' new second in command, who communicates through voice clips and sound bites via his radio who transforms into a modified 1967 Chevrolet Camaro and later, a 2016 Chevrolet Camaro concept.
Grimlock, the leader of the vicious Dinobots who transforms into a mechanical horned, fire-breathing Tyrannosaurus.[24][26]
Strafe
A Dinobot who specializes in assault infantry and transforms into a mechanical two-headed, two-tailed Pteranodon.[26][28]
Slug
The Dinobots' destroyer who transforms into a mechanical spiked and bestial Triceratops.[26][28]
Scorn
The Dinobots' demolition specialist who transforms into a mechanical three-sailed Spinosaurus.[26][28]
Stinger
a human-made KSI Transformer modeled after Bumblebee who later becomes a Decepticon and molecularly transforms into a red and black 2013 Pagani Huayra.[24][25][26][27]
Junkheap
A human-made KSI Transformer who has a three-man splitting technique and later becomes a Decepticon under Galvatron's control. It molecularly transforms into a Mack garbage truck of Waste Management, Inc.[33]
"Traxes"
A human-made KSI Transformers modeled after Roadbuster who later become Decepticons under Galvatron's control and molecularly transform into red, blue, black or white Chevrolet Traxes.[34]
"Two-Heads"
A two-headed human-made KSI Transformers modeled from the remains of Shockwave who later become Decepticons under Galvatron's control.
"KSI Bosses"
A human-made KSI Transformers modeled after Soundwave who later become Decepticons under Galvatron's control.
Steeljaws
the savage techno-organic wolf-like minions of Lockdown.

text: Cameos[edit]

text: Ironhide, Arcee, Wheeljack Loader and Starscream make cameos, depicted on cards stamped with an X to indicate their deaths. The leader of the Wreckers, Leadfoot, makes a cameo voiced by Robert Foxworth in video footage shown after Cade steals the KSI spy drone, shown being killed by humans from Cemetery Wind. Sentinel Prime and Megatron's heads ares seen in the KSI labs, where they download data from the dead Transformers' remains. Barricade and some Decepticon Protoforms make cameos in footage from the Battle of Chicago. The Insecticons make a cameo, transferring data from Megatron's mind, infecting the Galvatron drone.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: During production for Dark of the Moon, Shia LaBeouf and Bay confirmed that they would not return for a fourth installment of the franchise.[35] Roland Emmerich, Joe Johnston, Jon Turteltaub, Stephen Sommers, Louis Leterrier and David Yates were rumored to replace Bay.[36] Jason Statham was rumored to star in the fourth installment. Hasbro CEO Brian Goldner revealed that he was able to announce the film as he was talking with Steven Spielberg, Bay and Paramount.[37] There were rumors that the fourth and fifth installment would be shot back-to-back with Statham as the lead role, which he and Bay denied.[38] Spielberg hoped Bay would return for a fourth installment.[39]

text: After final negotiations with Bay to direct the film,[40] producer Lorenzo di Bonaventura confirmed that there would be a fourth film in the franchise.[41] In February 2012, Paramount Pictures and Michael Bay announced that Bay would be producing and directing a fourth Transformers film, scheduled for a June 27, 2014 release.[42][43] The film will not be a reboot but a sequel to Dark of the Moon,[12] taking place four years later.[44] Ehren Kruger and Steve Jablonsky returned to write the script and the score, respectively.[45] In April 2013, it was announced that China Movie Channel and Jiaflix Enterprises would co-produce the film with Paramount.[46][47]

text: On September 1, 2013, Fusible revealed three possible subtitles for the film, which were Last Stand, Future Cast, and Apocalypse. On September 2, TFW 2005 revealed one last possible title, Age of Extinction.[48][49] On September 3, 2013, Paramount released an official teaser poster for the film, revealing the title to be Transformers: Age of Extinction.[50]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In November 2012, Mark Wahlberg was cast in the film.[7] Also in November 2012, The Hollywood Reporter reported that casting had begun for two additional leads: the daughter to Wahlberg's character and her boyfriend, a race car driver. Isabelle Cornish, Nicola Peltz, Gabriella Wilde, and Margaret Qualley were all considered for the role of the daughter, while Luke Grimes, Landon Liboiron, Brenton Thwaites, Jack Reynor, and Hunter Parrish were all considered for the boyfriend. The leads are contracted for three films.[51] In January 2013, Reynor was cast as the boyfriend,[12] and in March 2013, Nicola Peltz was cast as Wahlberg's daughter.[52]

text: Peter Cullen reprises his role as the voice of Optimus Prime.[23] Glenn Morshower stated in September 2012 that he would appear in the next two films, reprising his role of General Morshower, but Morshower announced in May 2013 that he would not be able to appear in the new films due to a scheduling conflict.[53] In April 2013, Bay revealed that actor Stanley Tucci had joined the cast.[54] On May 1, 2013, actor Kelsey Grammer was cast as the lead human villain named Harold Attinger.[55] On May 6, 2013, actress Sophia Myles was cast in a major role.[14] That same month, Chinese actress Li Bingbing and comedian T. J. Miller joined the cast.[56] On July 14, 2013, Bay announced that Han Geng had joined the cast.[20] That same month, Titus Welliver also joined the cast.[13]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Bay announced that filming had begun on May 28, 2013, in Monument Valley, Utah. Detroit, Michigan, was used as a stand-in for Hong Kong[57] while McCormick Place in Chicago, Illinois, was re-dressed to portray a city in China.[58] The movie was the first feature film to be shot using smaller digital IMAX 3D cameras.[54] It also was shot in various other formats, including IMAX 70mm film cameras, digital stereo 3D, and anamorphic and spherical 35mm film.[59] From May 28 to June 24, 2013, Michael Bay uploaded photographs of several cars featured in the film, all apparently Autobots, to social networks including Facebook and Flickr. The film featured two unknown Autobots that transformed into a black and blue 2013 Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse (going by production name "Drift"), and a green 2014 C7 Corvette Stingray concept (going by production name "Slingshot"). Also revealed was a truck from Western Star Trucks as Optimus Prime's new alternate mode. The Dinobots and Lockdown were confirmed to appear. On October 29, Michael Bay's Official Twitter Account tweeted that principal photography of Transformers 4 had been completed in Hong Kong, China and the cast and crew were heading to the Chinese mainland. (According to previous reports, they would be filming there for one week.)[60] Additional filming in Detroit began in early 2014; a pair of steamships (Columbia and Ste. Clair) which had once traveled between Detroit and Bois Blanc Island's amusement park were partially restored and used as props for the film.[61]

text: Incidents[edit]

text: On October 17, 2013, while filming in Hong Kong, Bay was assaulted by two brothers surnamed Mak, who demanded a payment of HK$100,000 (US$12,900). The elder brother also assaulted three police officers during the incident. Both brothers and a third man surnamed Chan were arrested on suspicion of assault, with the younger Mak also charged on suspicion of blackmail.[62] The Mak brothers pleaded guilty to both charges in February 2014 and were incarcerated, with the prosecutor noting that the case had attracted a great deal of media attention and affected Hong Kong's image.[63]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Industrial Light & Magic's VFX supervisor Scott Farrar, who had also supervised the three prior films in the Transformers franchise, rendered the visual effects. He said the film contains about ninety minutes of visual effects (out of the movie's 165-minute length).[64] Farrer said it was the biggest project, using the largest crew, of his career, and noted that over five hundred crews had worked on it, using various facilities.[65]

text: The nine different formats used in the film included IMAX film, IMAX digital, single-frame anamorphic film, GoPros, crashcams, Red cameras on 3Ality stereo 3D gigs, and red cameras for 2D.[65]

text: Music[edit]

text: Like its predecessors, Steve Jablonsky composed the film's score, marking his sixth film collaboration with director Michael Bay, four of which are Transformers films. The film's score was praised by critics and fans. The soundtrack album sold more than 15,000 units worldwide. It is also the first Transformers film not to feature a Linkin Park song.

text: Skrillex worked on sound design for the film, having said that he was creating "the craziest Skrillex sounds I could ever make" and mentioned working on sounds for the Dinobots.[66][67]

text: Imagine Dragons wrote a single specifically for the film itself, titled "Battle Cry". The track "Leave Planet Earth Alone" samples the drum beat of Battle Cry so that the former serves as an intro to the latter as the credits start, though this version is only present in the film; Battle Cry isn't featured on the soundtrack album, and Leave Planet Earth Alone has a unique outro. No mashup version or otherwise is available for purchase. Imagine Dragons also worked with Steve Jablonsky and Hans Zimmer to contribute additional music to the film's score.[68]

text: Linkin Park's new single "Until It's Gone" is included in the video game soundtrack of the movie.[69]

text: On June 30, 2014, an extended play was digitally released on iTunes, featuring four tracks as a teaser for the full official score, which features variations of the four themes.[70] On July 4, 2014, the long play was released digitally on iTunes containing the full score of the film.[71] The soundtrack album was released on CD by record label La-La Land Records on October 7, 2014.

text: On November 20, 2014, Steve Jablonsky released a statement via Facebook saying that the score would no longer be available on iTunes and other digital music stores after it had reached its limit of 15,000 units before re-use fees would have to be paid. Jablonsky personally expressed his own disappointment in the turn of events, hoping there would be a way to eventually re-release the score, along with the score to Transformers: Dark of the Moon, which had also been removed from iTunes and other digital music stores several months prior when it too reached the 15,000 unit limit.[72]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere in Hong Kong on June 19, with a live concert by Imagine Dragons.[73]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first televised advertisement for Transformers: Age of Extinction aired during Super Bowl XLVIII. In a poll by Fandango, the spot was determined to be the most anticipated film trailer to be shown, receiving 48% of the vote in the poll.[74] The first official teaser trailer was released on March 4, 2014.[75] A viral marketing campaign was started for the film upon the teaser trailer's release.[76] On March 30, 2014, a shortened version of the teaser trailer was aired during the season 4 finale of The Walking Dead. Another shortened version of the teaser trailer was aired during the 2014 MTV Movie Awards.

text: Chevrolet aired a commercial at the New York International Auto Show featuring General Motors vehicles with clips from the film, along with putting them on display.[77]

text: Hasbro released an app on May 8 surrounding the film available for iOS and Android devices, allowing users to access exclusive material such as character biographies, images, and interviews with the stars, among other things.[78] A clip featuring never-before-seen scenes from the film and an interview with Imagine Dragons aired during The Voice on May 12, 2014.

text: DeNA and Hasbro teamed up to construct an official mobile video game for the film. The game was first announced on May 13, 2014, though, the title is still in active development.[79] Also on this date, Oreo launched a marketing campaign to promote the film.[80] This included a television commercial where a boy gives a wounded Optimus Prime an Oreo cookie to continue the fight.[81]

text: An exclusive theatrical trailer debuted on May 15 on iTunes Movie Trailers at 12:01 AM Pacific Standard Time.[82] On May 21, 2014, two television spots appeared online, both containing new footage from the film.[83] The film's viral campaign updated on May 22, showcasing all-new posters and realistic news reports of the damage done to Chicago from the third film.[84] Three more television spots, all sporting new footage, appeared online on May 30, 2014.[85][86][87]

text: Imagine Dragons's single for the film officially released online on June 2, 2014.[88]

text: Jack Reynor and Nicola Peltz made multiple appearances in the Twin Cities on June 8, 2014. During an appearance on the Canadian version of The Morning Show, both Reynor and Peltz promised big things that would please fans.[89] Kelsey Grammer made an appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman on June 9, 2014. During his visit, the very first clip from the film debuted, showcasing Grammer's character and Wahlberg's in a heated argument. During the first commercial break for the show, a brand new television spot aired.[90] On June 10, 2014, two television spots appeared online, both containing extensive new footage from the film.[citation needed]

text: At the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards on March 29, 2014, Mark Wahlberg, who stars in the film, hosted the event. There was also a transmission from Peter Cullen as Optimus Prime, and Nicola Peltz and Jack Reynor assembled with Wahlberg to take out cannons that fired slime.

text: Three more television spots appeared online on June 14, 2014, containing new footage of the Dinobots transforming and of Lockdown speaking.[91] On June 17, a brand new television spot aired on Comedy Central containing new footage.[citation needed] Another television spot appeared online on June 18, sporting new footage as well.[citation needed]

text: The film's unusual marketing strategy of letting people video the shooting of the film in select locations was the subject of film critic Kevin B. Lee's critical video essay Transformers: The Premake.[92]

text: Video games[edit]

text: In February 2014, Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark, developed by Edge of Reality, published by Activision was announced as a companion to the film. It was released in June 2014 for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One.[93]

text: In summer 2014, Rovio and Hasbro announced Angry Birds Transformers. The game has Transformers movie designs on two of the characters.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Worldwide[edit]

text: Transformers: Age of Extinction grossed $245.4 million in the United States and Canada and $858.6 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.104 billion, against a budget of $210 million.[4] It was the only film of 2014 to earn over $1 billion at the box office worldwide.[94] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $250.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the most profitable film of 2014.[94] Worldwide, in its opening weekend, the film earned $302.1 million, which is the 14th highest ever, the highest in 2014, and the second largest for Paramount behind Transformers: Dark of the Moon ($382.4 million).[95] It was the 17th highest-grossing film worldwide, the highest-grossing film of 2014, the second highest-grossing film in the Transformers film series, and the 11th highest-grossing film of Paramount (domestically).[96] It is the second film in the Transformers installment to earn over $1 billion following Dark of the Moon[97] and the 19th film overall. Despite being a box office hit, it was considered by several box office experts to have fallen well below expectations.

text: North America[edit]

text: Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada.[98] It was released on June 27, 2014 in across 4,233 theaters in North America. It earned $8.75 million from Thursday late-night run, which was the fifth biggest of 2014.[99] On Friday, the film grossed an additional $31.25 million bringing its total day gross to $41.6 million, including $10.7 million from IMAX theaters. In its opening weekend, the film earned $100,038,390[nb 1] setting an opening record of 2014 (overtaken by The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 with $121.9 million),[102] which is the fourth-highest opening for Paramount,[103] and the fifth-highest for a film released in June.[104] The opening-weekend audience was evenly split among those under and over the age of 25 (with 58%), male (64%), and under 18 (27%).[105] The film remained at the summit for two consecutive weekends before being overtaken by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes in its third weekend. It also crossed the $200 million mark in its third weekend, becoming the fifth film of 2014 to do so.[106][107] The film closed down its theatrical run on October 9, 2014[108] and earned a total of $245,439,076, making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S.[108][109]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Outside North America, it is the highest-grossing film of 2014,[110] and the sixth-highest-grossing film.[111] Transformers: Age of Extinction earned $202.1 million in its opening weekend from 37 countries in 10,152 screens, which is 35% bigger than Dark of the Moon and marking the biggest overseas opening of 2014 (breaking X-Men: Days of Future Past's record set one month prior).[112] It scored the biggest IMAX overseas opening weekend with $16.6 million from 266 theaters (overtaken by Jurassic World).[112][113] The film topped the box office outside North America for four consecutive weekends despite coinciding with the 2014 FIFA World Cup before being overtaken by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes in its fifth weekend.[114]

text: International openings of over $5 million occurred in South Korea ($21.7 million), Brazil ($16.5 million), Germany ($11.2 million), Australia ($9.6 million), France ($8.8 million), Taiwan ($8.1 million), Malaysia ($6.7 million), Japan ($6.4 million), the Philippines ($5.7 million), India ($5.35 million), Hong Kong ($5.1 million), and Italy ($5 million).[112] In Russia, the film opened to number one with $21.7 million from 1,100 screens, which is the second largest in the territory for which 3D accounted for 80% of the total gross. IMAX comprised $2.6 million of the total gross from 34 IMAX screens.[112] Its biggest opener outside the U.S. was in China, where it scored one of the biggest non-North American openings of all time with $91.2 million from 4,400 screens, which was once the second biggest opening of all time there.[112][115] The film set an all time IMAX opening record with $9.7 million.[112][116] After five days of its release, Age of Extinction surpassed its North American run with $134.5 million.[117][118] In China, the film earned an additional $50.9 million in its second weekend for a total of $212.8 million. In only 10 days of its release, it became the highest-grossing film in China with $222.74 million, thus overtaking Avatar's previous record.[119][120][121] Adding to the film's revenue and popularity were product placements of Chinese brands edited into the movie specifically for Chinese audiences.[122]

text: It became the highest-grossing film in China, with $301–$320 million[nb 2] in revenue surpassing 2009's record set by Avatar ($204 million),[124][129][130] until it was surpassed by Furious 7 in 2015 over $390 million.[131] It is also the first movie in China to gross more than $300 million at the box office.[132] A large part of the success in China has been attributed to the large fan base there and because of its accompanying animated TV series–which ran during the 1980s and 1990–was one of the highest quality TV programs at that time which resulted in many children getting attached to it. Transformers toy merchandising was one of the first successful cases by a foreign company in China at its time, its line of transforming robot toys was highly sought after, especially by boys.[133]

text: At the end of its theatrical run outside North America, the film earned $858,600,000 which is 77.8% of its total gross. In total earnings, the highest revenue came from China ($301 million), Russia ($45.2 million), South Korea ($43.3 million), Germany ($38.2 million), Mexico ($33.5 million), and the UK ($33.1 million).[134]

text: Authenticity over North American box office opening[edit]

text: The $100 million opening announced for Transformers: Age of Extinction is disputed within the industry. According to Rentrak—which has a direct line into the vast majority of theatres in the United States and Canada to track actual ticket sales—about 4,100 of the 4,233 theatres playing the film generated $95.9 million. The projected total from the Rentrak sales data would put the opening three-day weekend gross at around $97.5 million. For Transformers to have crossed the $100 million threshold, it would have needed to gross more than the nationwide average in the theatres not tracked by Rentrak. Some media outlets have elected to go with the Rentrak figure.[100][101]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 18% based on 188 reviews, with an average rating of 3.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "With the fourth installment in Michael Bay's blockbuster Transformers franchise, nothing is in disguise: Fans of loud, effects-driven action will find satisfaction, and all others need not apply."[135] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 32 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[136] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[137]

text: Richard Roeper gave the film a "D", saying that "the longer the movie goes on, the less interesting it becomes; it just wears you down. As we were finally reaching the 165-minute mark, all that noise and fury was about as exciting as the special effects in an Ed Wood movie."[138] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film zero out of four stars, calling it "the worst and most worthless Transformers movie yet."[139] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film one-and-a-half out of four stars, commenting that "This series was never good, but it was once fun, or at least flashy. Now that its gears have gone rusty, it’s time for an Alien vs. Predator-style rethink."[140] A. O. Scott of The New York Times said in his review that "The story is scaffolding for the action and like every other standing structure, it is wrecked in a thunderous shower of metal, glass, masonry, and earth."[141]

text: Clarence Tsui of The Hollywood Reporter commented on his review that it "barely skirts the idea that humankind and planet Earth are about to be totally annihilated. What is extinguished is the audience's consciousness after being bombarded for nearly three hours with overwrought emotions ('There's a missile in the living room!' Tessa hollers — twice), bad one-liners, and battles that rarely rise above the banal. A trio of editors make a technical marvel out of the fight scenes, but can do little to link the story's multiple threads into something coherent."[142] Roth Cornet of IGN gave the film a score of 6.3 out of 10, praising the "slightly darker/surprising tone and Lockdown and his ship while criticizing the logic/script issues and long running time."[143] Joe Neumaier of the New York Daily News gave the film 1 out of five stars, commenting that "If the 'human scenes' all reek of adolescent dialogue and dopey snark masquerading as character development, it's a toss-up if that's better or worse than seeing clattering collections of caliginous junk."[144]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Transformers: Age of Extinction was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and Blu-ray 3D formats on September 30, 2014, in North America. The film was also released on digital download through iTunes and Google Play on September 16, 2014.

text: Accolades[edit]

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text:
Award
Category
Recipients
Result

2014 Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Villain
Kelsey Grammer
Nominated

Choice Movie: Breakout Star
Nicola Peltz
Nominated

Choice Summer Movie
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

Choice Summer Movie Star
Mark Wahlberg
Nominated

2014 Golden Trailer Awards
Best Summer 2014 Blockbuster Trailer
Paramount Pictures and Creative Buzz Industries
Nominated

2014 Hollywood Film Awards
Best Visual Effects of the Year
Scott Farrar
Won

2014 Houston Film Critics Society Awards
Worst Film
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

2015 Annie Awards
Outstanding Achievement, Animated Effects in a Live Action Production
Michael Balog, Jim Van Allen, Rick Hankins, and John Hansen
Nominated

2015 Satellite Awards
Best Visual Effects
John Frazier, Patrick Tubach, Scott Benza, and Scott Farrar
Nominated

Best Sound (Editing & Mixing)
Erik Aadahl, Ethan Van Der Ryn, and Peter J. Devlin
Nominated

2015 Golden Raspberry Awards
Worst Picture
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

Worst Director
Michael Bay
Won

Worst Supporting Actor
Kelsey Grammer (also for The Expendables 3, Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return, and Think Like a Man Too)
Won

Worst Supporting Actress
Nicola Peltz
Nominated

Worst Screenplay
Ehren Kruger
Nominated

Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

Worst Screen Combo
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

text: Sequels[edit]

text: A fifth Transformers film, titled The Last Knight, was released on June 21, 2017 to poor reviews, with both Bay and Wahlberg stating it was their final entry of the series.

text: A spin-off film, Bumblebee, is scheduled for a December 21, 2018 release, while a sixth installment, Transformers 6, is scheduled for release for June 28, 2019.[145]